text:
Party free wristbands with free shippingleaders named in five areas
My Pastime: Silicone Wristbands Collection Silicone wristbands, much more commonly referred to as baller i.d."s, can not be divorced in this generation"s item. It defines one particular"s trend statement, character empowerment, social awareness so and so. Take time to program individuals search-and-consume missions very carefully, though. The GI Joe View is the perfect instrument for that function. Couple them with a set of custom silicone wristbands so you can obviously recognize who is a member of the squad. Before you even get started out on a six-week entire body makeover, purchase something that you can put on as a reminder. It might be a ring or one particular of individuals silicone wristbands, anything at all that constantly says, "Oh yea, I need to perform on my plan these days." Creating notes on mirrors in the bathroom, on the refrigerator, and in the vehicle don"t support as much simply because when you depart people spots the out of sight out of thoughts mentality comes into play. Even a continual vibration alarm on your cell telephone every single hour on the hour will do the trick. Molding rubber bracelets would be your ideal option due to the effortless availability of rubber bracelets in tubes at your local hardware keep. Be forewarned even so, that operating with and molding rubber bracelets can be hard and messy to do. First, show a rock star frame of mind. You"ve witnessed men and women like this just before, men and women who command attention when they enter the area. You can"t place your finger on it, but there"s some thing about them. When you hit the town in type, it"s critical that you have this effect as nicely. When you walk into the club, your presence must draw seems to be and not for all the wrong factors. Show self-assurance but not cockiness. This watch has a circular stainless steel situation that comes in black or gold. It functions a matching coin-edged unidirectional bezel. This all surrounds a black dial that has Arabic numerals at the quarter hour positions and index markers at the rest. Extira Indicators: These indications are made of a composite wood materials that comes in sheets. The materials is related to HDU in that it is synthetic, waterproof, and resistant to rotting. Exitra is exclusively created for outside use, which means that you can be positive that it"ll final via all sorts of weather 12 months in and yr out. Where could you use an Extira signal? A new retail outlet, a design and style company, a government constructing.
Five provincial areas - Sichuan, Jiangxi, Henan, Qinghai and the Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region - now have new Party secretaries, authorities said on Wednesday.
Three provinces of the areas got their new Party chiefs in a shuffle following the election of Wang Dongming, former Party secretary of Sichuan province, to vice-chair of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People"s Congress.
Peng Qinghua, former Party secretary of Guangxi, replaced Wang in the Sichuan post, while Lu Xinshe, formerly Party secretary of Jiangxi, took over Peng"s former post in Guangxi.
Lu was succeeded by Liu Qi, who also serves as governor of Jiangxi province. Liu, 61, has been governor since September 2016.
Liu has also served as deputy Party secretary and vice-governor of Jiangxi. He worked mostly in the chemical industry until he was named deputy Party secretary of Wenzhou, Zhejiang province, in 2003.
Peng, a native of Hubei province, served in various posts in the Organization Department of the Central Committee of the CPC for 20 years after he graduated from Peking University in 1983. The 61-year-old was named deputy director of the Liaison Office of the Central People"s Government in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and was then promoted in 2009 to be director of the office.
Peng had served as Guangxi"s Party chief for about six years before the transfer to Sichuan.
Lu, 62, a native of Shandong province, had 27 years of experience with the country"s land and resources authority before being named deputy Party chief of Gansu province in 2010. He worked in Gansu for about a year and was then transferred to Jiangxi province, where he served in various posts, including deputy Party secretary, vice-governor, governor and Party secretary.
Wang Guosheng, 62, former Party secretary of Qinghai province, has replaced Xie Fuzhan as Henan Party chief. Wang, a native of Shandong province, served in various posts in Shandong and Jiangsu provinces. He was then named deputy Party chief in Jiangsu in 2010 for three months and was then transferred to Hubei province, where he served as deputy Party secretary and governor.
Wang Jianjun, 60, fills Wang Guosheng"s former post as Party secretary of Qinghai province. A native of Hubei province, he served in various posts in Qinghai for more than 30 years and was named deputy Party secretary in 2010.
Liu Jieyi, 60, China"s former ambassador to the United Nations, was named head of the Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council. A veteran diplomat, Liu had been deputy head of the office since October.
Central authorities also announced on Wednesday that Nie Chenxi, 61, will head the State Administration of Radio and Television, a newly created government body.
Nie will retain his post as deputy head of the CPC Central Committee Publicity Department, which he took in 2016.
He worked as president of the State broadcaster, China Central Television, from 2015 to 2018.
In another development, Shen Haixiong was named head of a new conglomerate of national radio and television entities that will be established on the basis of China National Radio, China Central Television and China Radio International.
Shen, 51, is a former deputy editor-in-chief of Xinhua News Agency. He was named head of China Central Television earlier this year.
Wang Keju contributed to this story.
color wristbands
silicone wristbands free shipping
make custom wristbands
custom name bar bracelet
Powered by free wristbands with free shipping.


text:
January 10, 2022 Team Tiger Fitness
How to Pick a New Year's Resolution You Can Stick To
2022 is here! That means it's time for that age-old tradition: making new year's resolutions.
Are you centered on health and fitness, focused on employment opportunities, wanting to increase your savings, or aiming to adopt healthy habits? You can improve your chances of success with any of these resolutions by following a few easy steps.
New Year's Resolutions in a Modern World
Many of us make new year's resolutions with the full intention of seeing them through. But it rarely works out that way. As citizens of the modern world, most make new year's resolutions that focus on improving specific aspects of their lives, getting themselves into better physical and mental shape, or ditching bad habits we've picked up along the way.
Some of the most popular new year's resolutions are:
Make health and fitness a priority
Kicking the smoking habit
Volunteering more in the community
Improve personal nutrition by eating better
Pay off bills to get out of debt
When choosing your resolution, keep in mind that you're setting a goal you want to achieve. Success becomes easier when the resolution shifts from a chore to be done to a fully developed behavioral habit.
From New Year's Resolutions to Health and Fitness Habits
We all have small routines we perform every day, usually without giving them much thought. Things like eating breakfast or stretching before exercising. These routines and behaviors are habits.
What Is a Habit?
Here's a standard definition:
"Habit: a behavior pattern acquired by frequent repetition...a learned mode of behavior that has become nearly or completely involuntary." - Merriam-Webster Dictionary
The habits we already have are an important part of shifting our new year's resolution into a beneficial habit. The habits we hardly notice anymore can form the building blocks for the habit your new year's resolution will become. By stacking new habits on top of established ones, you're giving your new year's resolutions a solid footing on which to build successfully.
Stack 'Em Up
Stacking habits works because you've already rooted certain behavioral patterns into your brain. For example, consider brushing your teeth. That's not a behavior you have to think about every morning; you simply do it because it's a habit that's ingrained. When you attach a new behavior you want to cultivate — your new year's resolution — to an established habit, the old supports the new.
Let's say, for example, you routinely walk your dog around the block each morning. This is an established habit for you and the dog. Your health and fitness new year's resolution may be to increase your amount of morning exercise. To accomplish this goal, you now walk dog around four blocks instead of one. You do this every day, and in a matter of weeks, you and the dog make that morning trek without breaking a sweat.
Before you know it, your health and fitness new year's resolution is as routine to you as brushing your teeth.
How to Stick to Your Resolution and Form a New Habit
A new year's resolution is nothing more than a bunch of pretty words if you find yourself not sticking to it. Pledging it is easy; fulfilling it can be harder to do. It's all a matter of how you look at it.
You've heard the saying, "You are what you eat." Let's take that basic premise a step further. Consider this: "You are the sum of your habits."
If your habit is overeating, a look in the mirror shows the results. Smoking habit got you? Your shortness of breath when taking the stairs shows the result.
If you truly want to achieve your health and fitness new year's resolution, you've got to form some new, healthier habits.
4 Steps to Building a Habit
You can break down building a habit into four steps: cue, craving, response, and reward. Attacking the goal of your health and fitness new year's resolution using this simple framework makes it easier to stick to the changes you've chosen to improve your health, your fitness level, and your life.
Step 1: Cue
The cue tells your brain it's time to activate a particular behavior. The cue wakes up the part of the brain housing the habitual behavior and sets off the next step — the craving.
Step 2: Craving
The cravings are the motivation behind the habit. If there wasn't something we wanted, we'd have no inspiration to act. You don't crave the habit, but the result it delivers. It isn't the doughnut you want but the warm, soft, sugary taste in your mouth it provides. This brings us to step three — the response.
Step 3: Response
This is the habit itself, the action you perform. This is your teeth biting into the doughnut. Whether you carry through to the response phase depends on how strong your craving is. The response gives way to the last step — the reward.
Step 4: Reward
This is the goal of the habit. Rewards give us satisfaction, trigger contentment, and relieve the craving. Therefore, we let them become habits.
Take control of the habits you have, stack your health and fitness new year's resolution onto them, and come out the better for it. It may not be easy, and it may not be fun. But the result could be amazing! All you have to lose is those pesky bad habits you've carried around long enough.
It's a new year. Bring on the new you!
Previous article Super Bowl Food Facts You MUST Know
Next article How to Regain Your Gym Flow & Get Back Into Your Exercise Routine

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Fiber Optic Patch Cable is also known as optical fiber jumper or optical patch cord. It is composed of a fiber optic cable terminated with different connectors on the ends. There are two major application areas of fiber optic patch cords which are computer work station to outlet and fiber optic patch panels or optical cross connect distribution center. Single mode fiber patch cables are primarily used for applications involving long distance, while multimode patch cables are the choice for most common local fiber systems because the devices for multimode are far cheaper.
Single mode fiber patch cables have a small core and only one pathway of light. With only a single wavelength of light passing through its core, single mode realigns the light toward the center of the core instead of simply bouncing it off the edge of the core as with multimode. Single more is typically used in long-haul network connections spread out over extended areas-longer than a few miles. For example, telcos use it for connections between switching offices. Single mode cable features a 9-micron glass core.
Multimode fiber patch cords have a large-diameter core that is much larger than the wavelength of light transmitted, and therefore has multiple pathways of light-several wavelengths of light are used in the fiber core. Multimode fiber patch cord can be used for most general fiber applications. Use multimode fiber for bringing fiber to the desktop, for adding segments to your existing network, or in smaller applications such as alarm systems. Multimode cable comes with two different core sizes: 50 micron or 62.5 micron.
Simplex fiber patch cable consists of a single fiber, and is used in applications that only require one-way data transfer. For instance, an interstate trucking scale that sends the weight of the truck to a monitoring station or an oil line monitor that sends data about oil flow to a central location. Simplex fiber is available in single mode and multimode.
Duplex fiber optic patch cord cable consists of two fibers, usually in a zip cord (side-by-side) style. Use duplex multimode or single mode fiber optic cable for applications that require simultaneous, bi-directional data transfer. Workstations, fiber switches and servers, fiber modems, and similar hardware require duplex cable. Duplex fiber is available in single mode and multimode.
. Fiber cores: Simplex, duplex, 4 fibers, 8 fibers etc.
FiberStore fiber jumpers are manufactured strictly according to international standard. We adopt high quality raw materials and we use on-site manufacturing equipment. Our skilled workers and quality control department work closely together to guarantee that every piece of our fiber optic patch cord is excellent quality and looking. Our fiber patch cables are fully compliant with international standards and are with very good quality and competitive prices.
Armored fiber patch cords (armored multi fiber cable) retain all the features of standard optical patch cord, but they are much stronger. The armored fiber patch cords will not get damage even it is stepped by an adult, and they are anti-rodents, when use such armored fiber patch cord, people do not need to worry that the rodent animals like the rats may bite the cables and make them broken. Although armored fiber cables are strong, they are actually as flexible as standard fiber optic patch cord; they can be bended randomly without being broken.
Armored fiber patch cord can be made similar outer diameter with the standard fiber patch cords, this make them space saving. What is more, they can be with different jacket colors and jacket types such as OFNR etc. and the armored fiber patch cords are actually light weight, the armored fiber patch cords can be with SC, ST, FC, LC, MU, SC/APC, ST/APC, FC/APC, LC/APC etc types of terminations.
The armored fiber optic patch cord has features as common type fiber optic patch cables but more robust designed to deploy in FTTH projects inside the buildings. The armored fiber optic patch cord use stainless steel armor inside the jacket to make the fiber patch cord resistant of high tension and pressure. It can resist the weight of an adult person and it is not easy to break when is bent or dragged. The armored fiber optic patch cord is flexible with high damage resistant by improper twist and also resistance of pressure and rodent bites.
MPO patch cord (Ribbon fan out Fiber patchcord, Ribbon mliti cable fan out) use MTP and MPO multi fiber type connectors, each one of the connector are used with ribbon type fiber optic cables which contain multi fiber in one single jacket, so that MPO Fiber Patch Cord greatly save space and are very convenient to use. Based on single ferrule MT technology, the MPO Fiber Patch Cord assemblies provide up to 72 fiber connections in a single point, reducing the physical space and labor requirement, while providing the same bandwidth capacity of a multi-fiber cable with individual fiber connector terminations per cable( know more about MTP MPO cable).
Bundle fan out patch cord (Multi cable fan out) are enormously valuable in speeding up the installation process, by eliminating the need for unnecessary splicing or terminations in the field.
Bundle fan out patch cord assemblies can be with various structures and connectors options. Bundle fan out patch cord assemblies are available in various fiber counts, with distribution cable or outside plant cable. Outside plant cable assemblies utilize end-blocking kits for water protection and fan out tubing for fiber ruggedizing, Distribution is 900un tight buffered and typically not ruggedized, depending on the application. While Bundle fan out patch cord assemblies are most often pigtail, optical fiber jumpers are also available and provide numerous installation advantages.
Bundle fan out patch cord assemblies are a custom design product; cable length, jacket types and connectors are with many options. To easily identify the multiple fiber cables, 0.9mm cable itself are made with different colors, if 2mm or 3mm cable it will be put number label to identify. Pulling eyes are also available with the cable; pulling eye is small devices, which can be fastened to the cable and easily, pull it through duct or small space place. Long fiber optic cable assemblies are usually packed by plastic or wooden reels to protect it from damage.
A optical patch cord is a fiber optic cable capped at either end with connectors that allow it to be rapidly and conveniently connected to CATV, an optical switch or other telecommunication equipment. Its thick layer of protection is used to connect the optical transmitter, receiver, and the terminal box. This is known as "interconnect-style cabling".
A optical fiber jumper is constructed from a core with a high refractive index, surrounded by a coating with a low refractive index that is surrounded by a protective jacket. Transparency of the core permits transmission of optic signals with little loss over great distances. The coating's low refractive index reflects light back into the core, minimizing signal loss. The protective jacket minimizes physical damage to the core and coating.
Ordinary cables measure 125µm in diameter (a strand of human hair is about 100µm). The inner diameter measures 9µm for single-mode cables, and 50/62.69µm for multi-mode cables.
The development of "reduced bend radius" fiber in the mid-2000s, enabled a trend towards smaller cables. Each unit of diameter reduction in a round cable, produces a disproportionate corresponding reduction in the space the cable occupies.
Patch cords are classified by transmission medium (long or short distance), by connector construction and by construction of the connector's inserted core cover.
Connector design standards include FC, SC, ST, LC, MTRJ, MPO, MU, SMA, FDDI, E2000, DIN4, and D4. Cables are classified by the connectors on either end of the cable; some of the most common cable configurations include FC-FC, FC-SC, FC-LC, FC-ST, SC-SC, and SC-ST.
oblique (about 30 °, ±5 °).
FiberStore supply fiber optic patch cable with different connector and cable type. The common core sizes of multimode fiber are OM1 62.5 micron and 50 micron in OM2 or 10 Gigabit Laser Optimized OM3. We offersingle mode fiber patch cables and multimode fiber patch cable with a variety of connector types such as LC, FC, SC, ST, MU, MTRJ and E2000.Duplex fiber cables consist of two fiber cores and can be either multimode or singlemode. We also can customize patch cables in any cut length.
A optical patch cord is a cable that connects devices to allow information to pass between them. Patch cords are a common way of setting up wired connections between devices, such as connecting a television to a digital cable box using coaxial cable. These cords are used for any type of signal transference, such as in a television, radio or computer network. A optical fiber jumper is a special kind of cable that uses light to transfer signals at extremely high speeds with very little degradation. As a result of these properties, a fiber optic patch cord is typically a reliable way to transfer information.
Most modern homes are full of patch cords, as they connect stereo components, televisions, video game consoles and computers to one another. The 'cable' for cable television is a specialized type of patch cord that goes from the cable company's box to the inside of a home. Network cable between a modem and a router, coaxial connections between a television and a digital video disk player and even the cable that connects an music player to a computer are all patch cords.
These cords come in a lot of different shapes, sizes and lengths. They have specialized connectors (such as ST-LC fiber patch cable, SC to LC patch cable) that allow a single cord to do a single job. Even though the ends look so different, there are really only a handful of different types of cords used as patch cables.
common, but are used in some kinds of scientific and audio equipment. Lastly, fiber optic patch cord can actually do everything the others can do faster and with less signal loss, but it is more expensive and has some problems not found in other materials.
Fiber optic cords use a plastic or glass core, surrounded by reflective material and protective cladding, to send pulses of light. These cables transfer information at very high speeds, since they use actual light rather than electrical pulses to move the information. In addition, light is not disrupted by electromagnetic noise the way electrical pulses are, allowing the signal to stay nearly pure.
Since fiber optic patch cord is often considered superior to other types in speed and clarity, it seems like it would be everywhere, but it does have some problems. The design of a fiber optic patch cord is very specific. Small variations or problems in manufacture that traditional cables wouldn't even notice will totally stop transmission. A fiber optic patch cord may also end up cracked when it is bent at a sharp angle; this will also stop any transmission. After a fiber optic cord is made, it is also very hard to change its length, as opposed to electrical cables which can be connected or cut very easily.
Single mode fiber: General optical fiber jumper in yellow, connector and protective sleeve in blue; transmission distance is longer.
Multimode fiber: General optical patch cord in orange, and some in gray, fittings and protection applied beige or black; transmission distance is shorter.
There are many types of fiber jumpers, according to connector shape can be divided into: FC, SC, ST, LC fiber cable, etc.; can be divided according to the type of ferrule: PC, UPC, APC, etc.; according to type can be divided into single mode optical fiber, 50 / 125 Multimode, 62.5/125 multimode, polarization, etc.; based on fiber diameter can be divided into: 900μm, 2mm, 3mm and so on.
Fiber access products are widely applied to: communications room, fiber to the home, local area networks, fiber optic sensors, fiber optic communication systems, fiber optic transmission equipment connected, defense readiness, etc.
A variety of high quality fiber optic patch cords and pigtails broadband for cable television, telecommunications networks, computer networks and optical fiber test equipment.
Fiber optic patch cords and pigtails fiber counts and physical structure according to customer special requirements. High return loss and low insertion loss. Using high precision ceramic ferrule. Precision ground and fully testing.
Both ends of the optical fiber jumper wavelength transceiver module must be consistent, that must be the same at both ends of fiber optic wavelength optical module, a simple distinction is consistent with the color of the optical module. Under normal circumstances, short-wave optical module using multimode fiber (orange fiber), long wavelength single-mode fiber module (yellow fibers), in order to ensure data accuracy. Do not use excessive fiber in bending and circling, this will increase the attenuation of light in the transmission process.
As the best Chinese fiber optic products supplier, FiberStore Inc. provides various types of optical patch cord including common single-mode 9/125, OM1 62.5/125, OM2 50/125, 10G OM3/OM4 patch cables, armored patch cables, fiber optic pigtails, multi core patch cables, MPO/MTP patch cables and other special patch cables. SC, ST, FC, LC, MU, MTRJ, E2000, APC/UPC terminations(fiber optic connectors) are all available.
Optical fiber jumper is a fiber optic cable with optical fiber connector plugs on both ends. Fiber optic jumpers are divided into the following three types by termination type basically: ST-ST, SC-SC, ST-SC. According to the optical fiber type, they mainly include single-mode fiber and multimode fiber. The specifications of the jumper wire length are 0.5m, 1m, 2m, 3m, 5m, 10m and so on.
Different from optical fiber jumper, fiber optic pigtail is a fiber cable end with fiber optic connectors at only one side of the cable while leave the other side no connectors, so that the connector side can link to the equipment and the other side can be melted with optical cable fibers.
Optical fiber pigtails are used to achieve accurate mounting for precision alignment of fiber optical components. Fiber optic pigtails are usually used with fiber optic management equipment like ODF, splice and cross cabinets. They connect different optical fiber communication equipment and system activity in passive components. With optical fiber distribution frames, boxes, terminal box, Optical fiber pigtails can realize welding of different direction of fiber optic cable, fiber jumper and flexible wiring of distribution, so as to realize the optical fiber communication network of highly efficient and flexible management.
Fiber optic jumper and fiber optic pigtail are all named on FC/ST/SC/LC/MTRJ/PC/APC/UPC. They stand for the physical interface connection on both ends, different connections with different models.
How to calculate the amount of optical fiber jumper and fiber optic pigtail that you need?
Firstly, make it clear that how many cable routings and optical transceiver you have. That is to say, each routing needs to occupy the number of optical fiber.
Secondly, make sure how many optical fiber you need to reserve.
Thirdly, calculate your total number = optical fiber number + back up number, fiber splice = total number * 2, fiber optic pigtail you need = fiber splice you need, optical fiber jumper = optical transceiver * 2 + backups.
The selection and calculation of fiber optical jumper and fiber optical pigtail are involving professional knowledge. If you want to know more about them, you can contact our civil service in FiberStore, who will give you more details.


Today seemed like a good day to write about this past weekend's fun and exploration in Arkansas as I'm doing my best to avoid the news and keep my mind off the election. (I'm totally stressed about what the results will be.) Thinking about and sharing the fun Jim and I had is good therapy.
He had quite a bit of work to do this past Friday, including a late morning conference call, so we stayed close to our home on the roam that day. We made up for it on Saturday. Although the colors of Fall have seemed to allude us this year, it still was a lovely drive from Batesville to Black Rock, Arkansas, located northeast of where we are staying. According to Arkansas events online, the 15th Annual Foothills Celebration would take place in Black Rock. When we arrived, things were in full swing. The first thing we saw was a load of folks on one of the ongoing hayrides around the town.
Hayride – can you find the dog?
One street was completely blocked off to either side of what I think was Main Street. One side of the blocked-off street was lined with vendors selling items that ranged from homemade baked goods to jewelry. A booth set up by a local church was providing food and drinks for whatever donation one might want to give. BBQ and other festival-type food was being sold in a building near the end of the street next to the entertainment venue. Live music and dancing took place there, and at the time we visited, we got to watch some local clogging groups. Personally, I enjoyed the music selections. On the other side of the blocked-off street was a classic car show, a building housing a quilt show, and another building where food was being sold.
While this event was small in comparison to the previous weekends activities in Mountain View, it was an active and fun event that was a much more positive experience than the one we had in Bull Shoals. Here are a few pictures; remember to click on or hold cursor over each to see captions. Jim and I found a few things we liked and purchased from Peggy's Snaps.
After leaving Black Rock, we retraced our tracks to return to a nice little state park we had passed on our way to the Foothills Celebration. Powhatan State Park must be the smallest state park in Arkansas, but it was so cool. It, along with the very nice but small town by the same name, is located along the Black River, and here are a few pictures from our stop there.
After Powhatan, Jim and I headed toward Hardy. We mentioned this little town when we discovered it on our way to Mammoth Spring a few weeks ago. At that time, we promised ourselves to come back, and we did. I simply LOVE this little town. It is filled with cool places to shop and eat, and when we arrived, free live music was being performed in the center of town. Jim and I were on a mission to get a very late lunch, and we had done a Google search of restaurants in the town as we were driving there. Our choice had already been made, so we were heading for The Pig and Whistle, which serves British Fare.
He and I have spent enough time in England to know that "British Fare" is not always good (it's not usually good – sorry English cousins), though we love Scottish and Irish food. The place had a 5-star rating after about 30 reviews, so we thought we'd risk the food to check it out. Heck, we know that the one good option on a British menu is "Fish & Chips," so that was the safety factor. Wow! I loved the atmosphere. Truly, if I was not looking out the window and didn't know better, I would have thought we were in a pub/restaurant in England. The service was good there, too. After checking out the menu, Jim decided he'd stick with the safe food item and went with the Fish & Chips. I got one of the "soups of the day," potato and leek, to go along with my Shepherd's Pie order. The food was much better than most I have had in England, but I wouldn't give it a 5 out of 5 – perhaps a 4. I would give atmosphere and service 5 out of 5. We learned that one of the owners is a Brit.
Whats on the telly? Soccer, of course.
We walked around some more, and of course, we found ourselves patronizing the local candy and ice cream store. Last, but not least, we discovered an RV park just a couple of blocks from the downtown area and on the Spring River. You know we had to check it out. Below are some pictures of the town and places we visited below. We highly recommend a stop in Hardy if you are passing nearby.
Chewie was not thrilled that he had missed out on the day's activities. As it turns out, except for eating in the restaurant, he could have done everything else with us. A promise was made to take him for a good long walk the next day, so that is exactly what we did midday on Sunday.
With the time change, Jim and I were moving along slowly Sunday morning, but by middle of the day, we were ready to get out and about. Chewie was more than ready. It was another nice day, though a bit warm for the time of year. We continue to find additional walking paths each visit to White River Park, and today was no exception. Chewie was like a kid in a candy store as he went from one tree to another and from one bush to another. He was moving around so fast that my attempt at a "happy puppy" picture was a fail. He moved so quickly that I did not get him; I only got Jim. By the time the walk was done, he was a tired but happy pup.
Chewie is so excited – too fast for a picture. He's in front of Jim.
It was yet another wonderful weekend of exploration and family time. Speaking of family time, that is what the upcoming weekend holds for us. We three will load up in the car on Friday and head for Illinois to visit Jim's side of our family. There'll be more on that later.


text:
Language of document : Bulgarian Spanish Czech Danish German Estonian Greek English French Italian Latvian Lithuanian Hungarian Maltese Dutch Polish Portuguese Romanian Slovak Slovene Finnish Swedish Croatian ECLI:EU:C:2021:830
OPINION OF ADVOCATE GENERAL
TANCHEV
delivered on 6 October 2021(1)
Case C‑881/19
Tesco Stores ČR a.s.
(Request for a preliminary ruling from the Krajský soud v Brně (Regional Court, Brno, Czech Republic))
(Reference for a preliminary ruling – Consumer protection – Food information law – Approximation of laws – Provision of food information to consumers – Labelling of food – Cocoa and chocolate products – List of ingredients of a food intended for consumers in a Member State – Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 – Directive 2000/36/EC)
1. This reference for a preliminary ruling from the Krajský soud v Brně (Regional Court, Brno, Czech Republic) concerns the use of the name of a compound ingredient in the mandatory list of ingredients for a food marketed in a Member State. The applicant in the main proceedings marketed certain products in the Czech Republic containing, amongst other ingredients, a compound ingredient with a specific designation defined in Directive 2000/36/EC ('the Chocolate Directive'). (2) The applicant in the main proceedings used its own translation into Czech of the Polish and/or German official language versions of the designation for that product rather than the designation provided in the Czech-language version of the Chocolate Directive.
2. At the present stage of the proceedings, the Czech competent authorities take the view that only the Czech-language version of that specifically defined designation in the Chocolate Directive exempts the applicant from detailing the contents of that compound ingredient in accordance with the provisions of Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 ('the Food Information Regulation') (3) when marketing the product in the Czech Republic. The applicant in the main proceedings disagrees and argues that it should be allowed to use its own translation into Czech of any of the official language versions of the Chocolate Directive and that it is not required to list the ingredients of the compound ingredient in the list of ingredients for the marketed products.
I. Legal framework
A. Directive 2000/36
3. Article 3 of the Chocolate Directive provides:
'Directive 79/112/EEC [(4)] shall apply to the products defined in Annex I, subject to the following conditions:
1. The sales names listed in Annex I shall apply only to the products referred to therein and must be used in trade to designate them.
4. Annex I to the Chocolate Directive, entitled 'Sales names, definitions and characteristics of the products', provides under Part A ('Sales names and definitions'), in point 2:
(c) Powdered chocolate, chocolate in powder
designate the product consisting of a mixture of cocoa powder and sugars, containing not less than 32% cocoa powder;
5. The Czech-language version of that provision contains the single designation 'čokoláda v prášku' for that same product.
B. Regulation No 1169/2011
6. Article 2 of the Food Information Regulation, entitled ('Definitions'), states:
2. The following definitions shall […] apply:
(h) "compound ingredient" means an ingredient that is itself the product of more than one ingredient;
(n) "legal name" means the name of a food prescribed in the Union provisions applicable to it or, in the absence of such Union provisions, the name provided for in the laws, regulations and administrative provisions applicable in the Member State in which the food is sold to the final consumer or to mass caterers;
7. According to Article 9 of the Food Information Regulation, entitled 'List of mandatory particulars':
'1. In accordance with Articles 10 to 35 and subject to the exceptions contained in this Chapter, indication of the following particulars shall be mandatory:
(b) the list of ingredients;
8. Article 15 of the Food Information Regulation, entitled 'Language requirements,' provides:
'1. Without prejudice to Article 9(3), mandatory food information shall appear in a language easily understood by the consumers of the Member States where a food is marketed.
9. Article 17 of the Food Information Regulation, entitled 'Name of the food', states:
'1. The name of the food shall be its legal name. In the absence of such a name, the name of the food shall be its customary name, or, if there is no customary name or the customary name is not used, a descriptive name of the food shall be provided.
10. Article 18 of the Food Information Regulation, entitled 'List of ingredients', provides:
'1. The list of ingredients shall be headed or preceded by a suitable heading which consists of or includes the word "ingredients". It shall include all the ingredients of the food, in descending order of weight, as recorded at the time of their use in the manufacture of the food.
2. Ingredients shall be designated by their specific name, where applicable, in accordance with the rules laid down in Article 17 and in Annex VI.
11. Part E of Annex VII to the Food Information Regulation, entitled 'Designation of compound ingredients', is worded as follows:
'1. A compound ingredient may be included in the list of ingredients, under its own designation in so far as this is laid down by law or established by custom, in terms of its overall weight, and immediately followed by a list of its ingredients.
2. Without prejudice to Article 21, the list of ingredients for compound ingredients shall not be compulsory:
(a) where the composition of the compound ingredient is defined in current Union provisions, and in so far as the compound ingredient constitutes less than 2% of the finished product; however, this provision shall not apply to food additives, subject to points (a) to (d) of Article 20;
II. Facts, procedure and the questions referred
12. The Tesco group is a multinational retailer that operates supermarkets in, inter alia, the Czech Republic. Its Czech subsidiary, Tesco Stores ČR a.s. ('Tesco') marketed certain food items under the brand name 'Monte' in its Czech stores. The products at issue (5) were labelled with an ingredient list (required pursuant to Article 9(1)(b) of the Food Information Regulation), which listed 'čokoládový prášek' without further specifying the ingredients of which that compound ingredient was composed. That term or expression would, freely translated, have a meaning akin to 'powder of chocolate' in English.
13. On 27 May 2016, the Státní zemědělská a potravinářská inspekce (inspektorát v Brně) (Czech Agriculture and Food Inspection Authority, Brno Inspectorate) ordered that those products be recalled from the Czech market, because their list of ingredients included the term 'čokoládový prášek' without an itemised list of ingredients being provided for this compound ingredient, as required by Article 9(1)(b) in conjunction with Article 18(1) and (4) of the Food Information Regulation and prohibited further placement of those products on the market.
14. Tesco lodged an objection against those measures on 1 June 2016. On 6 June 2016, the Czech Agriculture and Food Inspection Authority initially granted Tesco's application and revoked those measures. Subsequently, however, the central inspectorate of the Czech Agriculture and Food Inspection Authority reversed the decision of 6 June 2016 by decisions of 2 February 2017, dismissing the applicant's objection and confirming the measures of 27 May 2016. Tesco appealed against the decisions of 2 February 2017. That appeal was dismissed by the defendant's decisions of 21 April 2017.
15. Tesco filed an action against the defendant's decisions of 21 April 2017 before the Krajský soud v Brně (Regional Court, Brno). That action was dismissed by a judgment of 26 February 2019. On the basis of Tesco's administrative appeal on a point of law, the Nejvyšší správní soud (Supreme Administrative Court, Czech Republic), by its judgment of 11 July 2019, set aside the judgment of the Krajský soud v Brně (Regional Court, Brno) of 26 February 2019 and referred the case back to that court.
16. The Nejvyšší správní soud (Supreme Administrative Court) in essence agreed with Tesco that it was allowed to use the designation 'čokoládový prášek' instead of the designation 'čokoláda v prášku' for the compound ingredient in question and that it was not required to list the ingredients of which that compound ingredient was composed in the list of ingredients for the products at issue.
17. Krajský soud v Brně (Regional Court, Brno), which is bound by the legal opinion of the Nejvyšší správní soud (Supreme Administrative Court), harbours doubts concerning the correctness of the Nejvyšší správní soud's analysis as regards certain elements of EU law. It has therefore submitted a request for a preliminary ruling and asked the Court for its guidance on the following question:
'Should the rule set out in point 2(a) of part E of Annex VII to Regulation No [1169/2011] be interpreted such that, with respect to a food intended for an end consumer in the Czech Republic, a compound ingredient listed in point 2(c) of part A of Annex I to Directive [2000/36/EC] may only be listed among the ingredients of the product without a precise specification of its composition if that compound ingredient is labelled precisely in line with the Czech language version of Annex I to Directive 2000/36/EC?'
18. Written observations were submitted by Tesco, the Czech Ministry of Agriculture, the Czech Government and the European Commission. No hearing was requested and none was held. The Court addressed certain questions to the parties for written response. All of those parties provided timely written responses to the questions addressed to them.
III. Analysis
A. Preliminary remarks
19. The referring court states in the order for reference that it is bound by the legal opinion of the Nejvyšší správní soud (Supreme Administrative Court). Even though this is the case, the referring court considers that it is not prevented from exercising the right embodied in Article 267 TFEU to make a request to the Court for a preliminary ruling.
20. This is unquestionably correct. As the Court has stated clearly in its judgment of 5 October 2010, Elchinov (C‑173/09, EU:C:2010:581), which the referring court cites in the order for reference, not only does a lower court have the right to make a reference to the Court for a preliminary ruling at whatever stage of the proceedings it considers appropriate, but having exercised the discretion thus conferred on it by the second paragraph of Article 267 TFEU, such a court is also bound, for the purposes of the decision to be given in the main proceedings, by the interpretation of the provisions at issue given by the Court and must, if necessary, disregard the rulings of the higher court if it considers, having regard to that interpretation, that they are not consistent with European Union law. (6)
21. Annex VII to the Food Information Regulation contains a 'Part E – Designation of compound ingredients'. Subject to certain conditions, point 1 of Part E permits the inclusion of a compound ingredient under its own designation in the mandatory list of ingredients required pursuant to Article 9(1)(b) of the Food Information Regulation when the designation of the compound ingredient is followed immediately by a list of its ingredients. Point 2(a) of Part E provides an exception to the otherwise compulsory list of ingredients for compound ingredients 'where the composition of the compound ingredient is defined in current Union provisions' and the compound ingredient constitutes less than 2% of the finished product ('the compound ingredient list exception').
22. By its question, the referring court in essence asks whether EU legislation requires that a compound ingredient that is a product defined in Annex I to the Chocolate Directive must be mentioned by the designation given to that product in that annex in the list of ingredients required pursuant to Article 9(1)(b) of the Food Information Regulation in order for the compound ingredient list exception to apply.
23. According to Tesco's answers to the questions posed by the Court, the compound ingredient in question, which I shall refer to as 'powdered chocolate' in this Opinion, contained the requisite 32% of cocoa powder for the designation pursuant to point 2(c) of Part A of Annex I to the Chocolate Directive – that is to say, as 'čokoláda v prášku' in Czech, 'Schokoladenpulver' in German, 'proszek czekoladowy' or 'czekolada w proszku' in Polish, and 'powdered chocolate' or 'chocolate in powder' in English.
24. Also, according to Tesco's answers, the various 'Monte' products at issue contained only 0.5% (and thus less than 2%) of this compound ingredient. For the purposes of this Opinion, I will take those statements to be truthful and correct.
25. The question for the Court therefore does not concern the actual content or the composition of the physical ingredients of the Monte products. Rather, the question for the Court is concerned only with the description of one compound ingredient of those products and the requirements under EU food information law as to how such a compound ingredient must be described in a list of ingredients in a particular official language of the European Union, in this case Czech. The referring court has in this respect asked specifically whether a list of ingredients for the compound ingredient at issue is required under circumstances such as those at issue in the main proceedings.
26. The referring court has not asked for guidance on the question whether the use of a term other than the one provided for in Annex I to the Chocolate Directive, 'čokoláda v prášku', is permissible under EU food information law, but only whether a list of ingredients must be provided for that compound ingredient if such other term is used. Those two questions, however, appear to be intrinsically linked by the relevant EU legislation. I have therefore endeavoured to analyse both questions.
27. I have reached the conclusion that such a compound ingredient must be described in a list of ingredients by its legal name, as that term is defined by Article 2(2)(n) of the Food Information Regulation, where such a name exists, and that the omission of a list of ingredients for such a compound ingredient is only justified where the composition of that compound ingredient is defined in current Union provisions and the name or designation under which that ingredient is so defined is used in the list of ingredients of the food product at issue.
B. Equivalence of language versions
28. Tesco did not use the designated term for powdered chocolate found in the Czech-language version of the Chocolate Directive, 'čokoláda v prášku', for the Monte products at issue. Instead, Tesco translated the Polish and/or German labels for the products at issue into Czech. Those labels used the designated term for powdered chocolate in Polish or German. That, or those translations, resulted in the use of the term 'čokoládový prášek' for the compound ingredient concerned in the list of ingredients for those products in Czech.
29. Tesco argues, in essence, that all language versions of the Chocolate Directive are equally authentic, and that it follows from that principle that it may use any of those language versions as the starting point for a faithful translation into Czech of its labels drafted in any other official language of the European Union (in this case, German and/or Polish). Tesco points out that the different language versions of the Chocolate Directive do not correspond exactly (literally) to each other. Some language versions (such as the English- and Polish-language versions) permit the use of two or even three (the Dutch-language version) different expressions for powdered chocolate, whereas other versions (including the Czech) accept only one.
30. In Tesco's view, requiring it to use the Czech-language version of the Chocolate Directive would violate the principle of the equivalence of the language versions of the directive.
31. According to the order for reference, the Nejvyšší správní soud (Supreme Administrative Court) essentially shares that point of view. That court has expressed the view that requiring Tesco to use the Czech designation for powdered chocolate found in point 2(c) of Part A of Annex I to the Chocolate Directive would establish the presumption that only the Czech-language version of that directive applies in that Member State. The Nejvyšší správní soud (Supreme Administrative Court) based that view on the equally binding nature of all language versions of EU legal acts, and rejected the idea that the labelling of chocolate products in the Czech Republic is governed exclusively by the Czech-language version of the Chocolate Directive.
32. In essence, the Nejvyšší správní soud (Supreme Administrative Court) found that that idea would be in contravention of the Court's case-law on equivalence of language versions and more importantly, the principle of free movement of goods and the purpose of harmonisation of the labelling of foods. It took the view that the very purpose of that harmonisation is to enable a producer or supplier to use the information it already states on its product in accordance with the Chocolate Directive merely by translating that information into a language understood by the consumers to whom the product is to be marketed.
33. I do not agree with any of those views.
34. First, in my view, the equivalence of the language versions of EU law manifestly does not mean that economic operators can pick whichever language version they please of a piece of secondary EU legislation, translate it as they see fit, and use that more or less faithful translation as if it was part of the official text of the relevant piece of EU legislation.
35. As the Nejvyšší správní soud (Supreme Administrative Court) has observed, citing inter alia the Court's judgment of 6 October 1982, Cilfit and Others (283/81, EU:C:1982:335, paragraph 18), the different language versions in which EU legislation is drafted are all equally authentic.
36. Therefore, as the Court continued in that paragraph of Cilfit and Others, 'an interpretation of a provision of [EU] law […] involves a comparison of the different language versions'. However, as the Court stated in paragraph 19 of that judgment, even where the different language versions are entirely in accord with one another, EU law uses terminology which is peculiar to it. Legal concepts do not necessarily have the same meaning in EU law and in the law of the various Member States. Finally, every provision of EU law must be placed in its context and interpreted in the light of the provisions of EU law as a whole, regard being had to the objectives thereof and to its state of evolution at the date on which the provision in question is to be applied.
37. The language versions of an EU act are intended to be synonymous. Exceptionally, where those versions diverge, interpretational issues arise which must be resolved in order to maintain the uniform interpretation of EU law.
38. Those issues cannot be resolved by recourse to any hierarchy of language versions or by following the majority of the versions. The Court therefore has consistently held that the provision in question in such a case must be interpreted by reference to the purpose and general scheme of the rules of which it forms part and that the wording used in one or more language versions of an act thus cannot serve as the sole basis for the interpretation of that act, or be made to override the other language versions in that regard. Such an approach would be incompatible with the requirement of the uniform application of EU law. (7)
39. The principle of equal authenticity and the Court's case-law concerning diverging language versions of EU legislative acts thus in no way supports a right for an economic operator to pick whichever language version of a given directive or regulation it may prefer and then to use its own translations of defined terms and designations found in that version as if those translated terms and designations were taken from the official version in the corresponding language.
40. Moreover, permitting the use of one chosen language version of a defined term or designation as a basis for translations into other languages would be to give that version a higher rank than the other versions. Permitting all economic operators to make such choices and then to each translate their chosen versions at leisure would inevitably lead to enormous inconsistencies as each private economic operator could create its own set of language versions of those terms or designations. This is the antithesis to a uniform interpretation of EU law.
C. No real issue of divergence of language versions
41. In the present case, however, it is my view that no real issue of divergence between the language versions is present. There is disagreement as to what the text of the Food Information Regulation and the Chocolate Directive means or requires from an economic operator such as Tesco, but that disagreement is not caused by differing language versions of either of those legislative acts. Rather, the disagreement concerns whether an economic operator is required to use the designation of a particular compound ingredient as it is contained in the relevant language version of the secondary EU legislation defining it (here the Chocolate Directive) in the list of ingredients that it must provide pursuant to Article 9(1)(b) of the Food Information Regulation, or whether it may substitute its own translation of that designation from a different official language version of the Chocolate Directive into the language(s) required to be used for the ingredient list pursuant to Article 15 of the Food Information Regulation and treat that translation as if it carried the effects of the official version.
42. There appears to be no disagreement between the parties as to the criteria a chocolate product has to satisfy in order for it to be covered by the designation 'powdered chocolate' or 'čokoláda v prášku', namely, in essence, that the ingredient must be composed of a mixture of sugar and cocoa powder containing at least 32% cocoa powder.
43. The same is true for the pertinent provisions of the Food Information Regulation. No discrepancy in any language version has been brought to the attention of the Court during the proceedings as far as those provisions are concerned and a cursory reading of selected language versions (Bulgarian, Czech, Danish, English, French, German and Polish) reveal that they are all identical in meaning.
44. The mere fact that different language versions have different designations for a given food is not a divergence of the language versions – it is a basic condition of multilingualism that a given item has different names or designations in different language versions. The fact that some language versions provide for two or three alternative designations for the same food and other language versions provide for only one does not in any way alter that.
45. The factual circumstances at issue in the main proceedings, as described by the referring court in the order for reference, do not involve a situation where Tesco had used an official designation in one language and then encountered another language version of the relevant provision of EU law with a different meaning. What Tesco did was to substitute a defined term for a particular designation in a given language (Czech) with a term of its own invention, which it had derived from a (more or less faithful) literal translation into Czech of one or more defined terms for that particular designation in one or two other language versions.
46. The question referred therefore does not concern differing language versions, but whether the use of a particular defined term is required for a particular purpose under the relevant provisions of EU legislation.
47. The answer to that question, in my view, follows from the interpretation of the text of the provisions at issue, the context of those provisions, and the objectives pursued by the EU legislature through those provisions as well as the general scheme of the rules of which those provisions form part.
D. A textual interpretation of the Food Information Regulation and the Chocolate Directive
1. Is the use of the designation 'čokoláda v prášku'in a list of ingredients mandatory for the description, in Czech, of a compound ingredient that qualifies as powdered chocolate?
48. Article 18(1) of the Food Information Regulation requires that the list of ingredients 'include all the ingredients of the food, in descending order of weight …'. Article 18(2) of that regulation states that the 'ingredients shall be designated by their specific name, where applicable, in accordance with the rules laid down in Article 17 …'. Article 17(1) of that regulation in turn provides that 'the name of the food shall be its legal name. In the absence of such a name, the name of the food shall be its customary name, or, if there is no customary name or the customary name is not used, a descriptive name of the food shall be provided'.
49. Article 17(1) of the Food Information Regulation thus establishes a clear hierarchy according to which the legal name of the food has to be given preference and according to which a customary or descriptive name only can be used in the absence of a legal name for the food in question.
50. Article 2(2)(n) of the Food Information Regulation provides a definition of 'legal name' that contains its own hierarchy. The legal name of a food is the name prescribed in the Union provisions applicable to it. Only in the absence of such Union provisions is the legal name of the food the name provided in the laws, regulation and administrative provisions applicable in the Member State where the food is sold to the final consumer.
51. According to Tesco's answer to the Court's questions for written response, the compound ingredient in the Monte products at issue is composed of 'cocoa' and sugar with a minimum of 32% cocoa and 'completely satisfies the exigencies of the directive'. I take this to mean that 'cocoa' qualifies as powdered cocoa, as defined in point 2(a) of Part A of Annex I to the Chocolate Directive, and that the compound ingredient included in the Monte products at issue indeed satisfies the requirements for designation as powdered chocolate within the meaning of that directive.
52. That means that the compound ingredient has a legal name in Czech within the meaning of the Food Information Regulation, based on the first prong of the definition contained in Article 2(2)(n) of that regulation. That legal name is the designation given in point 2(c) of Part A of Annex I to the Chocolate Directive, namely 'čokoláda v prášku'.
53. In contrast, 'čokoládový prášek' does not appear to have any official meaning in an EU legal context. None of the parties to the proceedings before the Court has brought any such official meaning of that expression to the attention of the Court, and I am not aware of any other element that would permit it to qualify as a legal name for the compound ingredient in question on the basis of the first prong of the definition contained in Article 2(2)(n) of the Food Information Regulation. A text search on EUR-Lex, the official online database for EU legal documents (https://eur-lex.europa.eu/advanced-search-form.html), on 'čokoládový prášek' with Czech as the search language provides zero hits, whereas a similar search on 'čokoláda v prášku' provides 12 hits. (8) No Czech legal definition of 'čokoládový prášek' has been brought to the attention of the Court by any of the parties during the proceedings. In any event, a Czech legal definition of 'čokoládový prášek', if such a definition existed, would not qualify as a 'legal name' for purposes of the Food Information Regulation, since such a name – namely 'čokoláda v prášku' – exists for the product at issue on the basis of EU legislation. The second prong of the definition of 'legal name' in Article 2(2)(n) of the Food Information Regulation therefore does not come into play.
54. It is therefore my view that a textual analysis of the relevant provisions of the Chocolate Directive and the Food Information Regulation lead to the conclusion that the use of the designation 'čokoláda v prášku' in the list of ingredients of a food is mandatory for a description in Czech of a compound ingredient that qualifies as powdered chocolate under the criteria set out in point 2(c) of Part A of Annex I to the Chocolate Directive.
55. That conclusion is further supported by Article 3 of the Chocolate Directive, which provides that Directive 79/112 (9) shall apply to the products defined in Annex I of the Chocolate Directive (powdered chocolate being one of those products), subject to the condition, inter alia, that 'the sales names listed in [that] Annex […] must be used in trade to designate them'. That conclusion is valid, in my opinion, whether a list of ingredients is supplied for that compound ingredient or not.
2. Is a list of ingredients required for powdered chocolate if that compound ingredient is given the designation'čokoládovýprášek' in a list of ingredients in Czech?
56. Annex VII to the Food Information Regulation contains a Part E with the heading 'Designation of compound ingredients'. Point 1 of that part permits the inclusion of a compound ingredient in the list of ingredients 'in so far as [the designation of the compound ingredient] is laid down by law or established by custom' and its mention in that list is 'immediately followed by a list of its ingredients'. Point 2 of the same part provides that the list of ingredients shall not be compulsory where 'the composition of the compound ingredient is defined in current Union provisions' and the compound ingredient constitutes less than 2% of the finished product.
57. In the case before the Court, no list of ingredients of the compound ingredient was provided and a designation other than the legal name of the compound ingredient was used. Even if the Court were to disagree with my analysis in points 48 to 55 of this Opinion and take the view that the use of the designation 'čokoládový prášek' for powdered chocolate was permissible in a list of ingredients in Czech, the omission of the list of ingredients for that compound ingredient would only be permissible if the composition of 'čokoládový prášek' was 'defined in current Union provisions'. (10)
58. Although the physical ingredient described in the list of ingredients for the Monte products at issue by the expression 'čokoládový prášek' purportedly met the criteria for powdered chocolate, no definition of any food or food ingredient appears to be associated with the expression 'čokoládový prášek'.
59. In those circumstances, it is my view that the omission of a list of ingredients for the compound ingredient powdered chocolate, when that ingredient is labelled 'čokoládový prášek', is an infringement of EU food information law as set out in the Food Information Regulation.
E. Objectives, context and scheme
60. In my view, the objectives of the Food Information Regulation and the Chocolate Directive offer further support for that interpretation.
1. The objectives of the Food Information Regulation
61. The Food Information Regulation, the legal basis of which is Article 114 TFEU, pursues the dual objectives of assuring a high level of consumer protection in relation to food information and ensuring the smooth functioning of the internal market. In doing so, that regulation takes into account the differences in the perception of consumers and their information needs. (11)
62. In that respect, one of the objectives pursued by the Food Information Regulation is to provide a basis for the final consumer for making informed choices. (12) That regulation therefore seeks to ensure that the final consumer easily understands the information provided on the labelling. (13) Concerning the languages used in labelling, Article 15(1) of the Food Information Regulation provides that mandatory food information, including lists of ingredients, are to appear in a language easily understood by the consumers in the Member State where the food is marketed.
63. A consumer who encounters a list of ingredients containing an undefined term in place of the proper designation for a given compound ingredient cannot know what that compound ingredient consists of, unless a list of ingredients is provided for it. Even if a list of ingredients is provided for the compound ingredient, it is only where that list provides information regarding the proportions of the ingredients of the compound ingredient that is comparable to the information contained in the definition of the designation that the consumer is comparably informed. In the present case, not only was the proper designation not used, but also no list of ingredients was provided for the compound ingredient at issue. The consumer was therefore not in a position to understand the content of the Monte products at issue, let alone to do so easily. An interpretation of the Food Information Regulation permitting that result would not serve the objective of consumer protection.
2. The objectives of theChocolate Directive
64. The Chocolate Directive repealed and replaced Directive 73/241/EEC. (14) That earlier directive was designed to lay down definitions and common rules in respect, inter alia, of the composition and labelling of cocoa and chocolate products so as to ensure their free movement within the European Union. The Chocolate Directive in part amends that earlier directive to take account, inter alia, of technological progress and to bring definitions and rules into line with general EU food legislation, including legislation on labelling.
65. The Chocolate Directive in that respect made Directive 79/112 (the predecessor legislation to the Food Information Regulation) applicable to cocoa and chocolate products 'in order to provide consumers with correct information', and it makes the use of the sales names listed in Annex I mandatory in trade for the designation of the products referred to in that annex. (15) An interpretation that permits a plethora of private translations would be manifestly contrary to those objectives.
3. Is the use of the designation 'čokoládovýprášek'misleading to consumers?
66. Article 7(1)(a) of the Food Information Regulation sets out the principle that food information must not be misleading as to the properties and composition of the food.
67. This raises the question whether the use of the expression 'čokoládový prášek', in particular without a list of ingredients for the compound ingredient so designated, could be considered to be misleading to consumers. Whereas the determination of this question is in part a factual issue that it is eventually incumbent on the referring court to adjudicate upon, I believe the Court may be able to provide some useful guidance.
68. There are at least two ways consumers could be misled by the use of a designation other than the legal name in Czech for powdered chocolate. Consumers could (i) be misled into believing that the ingredient was composed of something other than its real components or that the proportions of those ingredients were different from the actual composition of the compound ingredient, and consumers could (ii) be misled into believing that the finished product's content of that ingredient (the percentage amount of it in the finished product) was other (higher) than it actually was.
69. The expression 'čokoládový prášek' would appear to mean something akin to 'powder of chocolate'. However, there is no chocolate in powdered chocolate as that product is defined in point 2(c) of Part A of Annex I to the Chocolate Directive. The product so designated – the ingredient at issue in the main case – is composed of sugar and cocoa powder, mostly sugar. It does not consist of finely ground chocolate, as the name would suggest. The potential for misleading consumers is only exacerbated by the requirement of Annex VI, Part A, point 1, of the Food Information Regulation pursuant to which the name of the food shall include or be accompanied by particulars as to the physical condition of the food or the specific treatment it has undergone (such as, specifically, 'powdered').
70. One may well counter that that argument also applies to the designation 'čokoláda v prášku'. That designation could also indicate that the product in question is composed of chocolate that had been given some form of mechanical treatment. (16)
71. The determinative difference between Tesco's designation 'čokoládový prášek' and the official designation 'čokoláda v prášku', apart from the legal requirement that the latter is to be used, as discussed in points 48 to 55 of this Opinion, is that the latter has a defined meaning and the former does not. A consumer, a consumer organisation, or even the public food authorities cannot know, based on the designation 'čokoládový prášek', the supposed composition of that compound ingredient. Only Tesco and its supplier can know that.
72. Whether the term is a precise description or not, 'čokoláda v prášku' has a clearly defined meaning in EU food information law, which any person can research in the Chocolate Directive. Whilst it may seem surprising that 'čokoláda v prášku' is composed of cocoa powder and sugar rather than chocolate and it may even seem objectionable that a product required to contain only at least 6.4% of cocoa butter should be allowed to be called 'powdered chocolate' or 'chocolate in powder' (emphasis added), when the minimum required cocoa butter content in chocolate is 18%, (17) the meaning of 'čokoláda v prášku' is well defined, whereas 'čokoládový prášek' appears to have no independent meaning or specific definition under EU law.
73. Whether a Czech consumer would indeed be misled by the use of the Czech expression 'čokoládový prášek' for the compound ingredient at issue without a specification of its composition in a list of ingredients is a factual matter that is for the referring court to decide.
4. Internal market concern
74. The referring court indicates in the order for reference that the Nejvyšší správní soud (Supreme Administrative Court) in part based its decision on internal market concerns.
75. I do not agree that the internal market access for economic operators would be hindered unless such economic operators were allowed to use their own translations of food ingredient designations. On the contrary, the harmonisation of sales names and rules on labelling serves the purpose of guaranteeing the single nature of the internal market. (18)
76. The Food Information Regulation serves at least two major objectives, one of which is to protect the consumers in the European Union through common rules regarding food information, and the other of which is to ensure the smooth functioning of the internal market. (19) Indeed, the Food Information Regulation was enacted on the basis of Article 114 TFEU.
77. As regards the Chocolate Directive, the free movement of chocolate products within the common market is predicated on the existence of common rules and a standardised terminology that ensures a high level of consumer protection throughout the internal market. (20)
78. The Food Information Regulation pursues both of those objectives by providing common standards for food information and by providing common designations for various foods by means of the integration of terms derived from other secondary EU legislation such as the Chocolate Directive.
79. That system provides a standardised, easily accessible set of rules and designations that economic operators in the European Union can – and must – use when marketing foods in the EU, thereby improving substantially their ease of market access. The system thus put in place substantially eases the cross-border marketing of food in the European Union compared to any feasible alternative.
80. There is to my mind no credible reason why using the designation provided by the Chocolate Directive, as required pursuant to the Food Information Regulation, should be considered any more burdensome for an economic operator such as Tesco than for it to invent its own term for the same product.
81. In light of the foregoing considerations, I propose that the Court should reply as follows to the question referred by the Krajský soud v Brně (Regional Court, Brno, Czech Republic):
A compound ingredient with a designation pursuant to point 2(c) of Part A of Annex I to Directive 2000/36/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 June 2000 relating to cocoa and chocolate products intended for human consumption must, in accordance with Article 18(1) and (2) of Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2011 on the provision of food information to consumers, read in conjunction with Article 17(1) of that regulation, be listed in a list of ingredients of the food product of which it is a part by that designation, which pursuant to Article 2(2)(n) of Regulation No 1169/2011 is also its legal name. That name must be provided in the language required pursuant to Article 15 of Regulation No 1169/2011.
The list of ingredients for such a compound ingredient may only be omitted, in accordance with point 2(a) of Part E of Annex VII to Regulation No 1169/2011, where that designation is used for the compound ingredient in the list of ingredients for the marketed food product.
1 Original language: English.
2 Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 June 2000 relating to cocoa and chocolate products intended for human consumption (OJ 2000 L 197, p. 19).
3 Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2011 on the provision of food information to consumers, amending Regulations (EC) No 1924/2006 and (EC) No 1925/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council, and repealing Commission Directive 87/250/EEC, Council Directive 90/496/EEC, Commission Directive 1999/10/EC, Directive 2000/13/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, Commission Directives 2002/67/EC and 2008/5/EC and Commission Regulation (EC) No 608/2004 (OJ 2011 L 304, p. 18).
4 Council Directive of 18 December 1978 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the labelling, presentation and advertising of foodstuffs for sale to the ultimate consumer (OJ 1979 L 33, p. 1). Directive 79/112 was repealed and replaced by Directive 2000/13/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 March 2000 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the labelling, presentation and advertising of foodstuffs (OJ 2000 L 109, p. 29), which in turn was repealed and replaced by the Food Information Regulation. References to Directive 79/112 are to be construed as references to Directive 2000/13 and references to Directive 2000/13 are to be construed as references to the Food Information Regulation.
5 Monte, mléčný dezert čokoládový s lískovými oříšky (chocolate milk dessert with hazelnuts) 220 g, Monte mléčný dezert čokoládový (Monte chocolate milk dessert) 100 g, and Monte drink mléčný nápoj čokoládový s lískovými oříšky (Monte drink chocolate milk drink with hazelnuts) 200 ml.
6 Judgment of 5 October 2010, Elchinov (C‑173/09, EU:C:2010:581, paragraphs 25 to 26 and 29 to30). See also judgment of 9 September 2021, Dopravní podnik hl. m. Prahy (C‑107/19, EU:C:2021:722, paragraph 46).
7 See, to that effect, judgment of 20 February 2018, Belgium v Commission (C‑16/16 P, EU:C:2018:79, paragraphs 49 to 50 and the case-law cited).
8 Those hits include, apart from the Chocolate Directive, Regulation (EU) 2016/792 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 May 2016 on harmonised indices of consumer prices and the house price index, and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 2494/95 (OJ 2016 L 135, p. 11), and Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/1163 of 15 July 2015 implementing Regulation (EC) No 1445/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the list of basic headings used for Purchasing Power Parities (OJ 2015 L 188, p. 6).
9 As mentioned in footnote 5, references to Directive 79/112 now are to be construed as references to the Food Information Regulation.
10 Point 2(a) of Part E of Annex VII to the Food Information Regulation.
11 Article 1(1) of the Food Information Regulation.
12 See Article 3(1) of the Food Information Regulation and recitals 3, 4 and 37 of that regulation. See also judgment of 12 November 2019, Organisation juive européenne and Vignoble Psagot (C‑363/18, EU:C:2019:954, paragraph 53).
13 See, concerning the use of the term 'salt' instead of the term 'sodium' on the labelling, recital 37 to the Food Information Regulation.
14 Council Directive of 24 July 1973 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to cocoa and chocolate products intended for human consumption (OJ 1973 L 228, p. 23). See Article 7 of the Chocolate Directive.
15 Recital 8 to the Chocolate Directive and Article 3(1) thereof.
16 The same argument applies for the official designations in Bulgarian, Danish, English, French, German and Polish. Only the last two of the three alternative Dutch designations 'Chocoladepoeder, gesuikerd cacaopoeder, gesuikerde cacao' seem adequately to describe the product.
17 'Chocolate' and 'powdered chocolate' designate two different compound ingredients each with their distinct definition. 'Chocolate', as defined in point 3(a) of Part A of Annex I to the Chocolate Directive ('čokoláda' in Czech), 'designates the product obtained from cocoa products and sugars which, subject to (b), contains not less than 35% total dry cocoa solids, including not less than 18% cocoa butter and not less than 14% of dry non-fat cocoa solids'. 'Cocoa powder' or 'cocoa', as defined in point A of Annex I to the Chocolate Directive ('kakaový prášek' or 'kakao' in Czech), 'designate the product obtained by converting into powder cocoa beans which have been cleaned, shelled and roasted, and which contains not less than 20% cocoa butter, calculated according to the weight of the dry matter, and not more than 9% water'. By implication, the minimum permissible percentage of cocoa butter in 'powdered chocolate' is 6.4% (powdered chocolate must consists of at least 32% of cocoa powder, which in turn must contain no less than 20% of cocoa butter based on the dry matter weight).
18 See recital 7 to the Chocolate Directive.
19 See Article 1(1) of the Food Information Regulation.
20 See, in that connection, recitals 3, 4 and 7 to the Chocolate Directive.


Hawke's Bay lies on the east coast of New Zealand's North Island. Gannet Safaris Overland's gannet tours depart from Te Awanga, a thriving coastal community situated mid-way between the Hawke's Bay cities of Napier and Hastings and the gateway to Cape Kidnappers.
Originally a beach settlement this stretch of coastline is now a jewel in the Hawke's Bay crown. Home to many talented artists, the area is further enriched by wineries, restaurants, the international golf course at Cape Kidnappers and the largest accessible mainland gannet colony in the world.
The Hawke's Bay region is known for its diverse landscape, bountiful produce, award winning wines, unique wildlife, stunning architecture and rich cultural heritage. Visitors come to experience a region rich in delicious flavours and beautiful things, and to enjoy average year round temperatures of 19.3 degrees with plenty of sunshine.
Discover more about Hawke's Bay here from the official tourism website.


text:
San Diego local golfer wins his first PGA Tour event
Posted: July 9, 2017
SAN DIEGO (KUSI) – Former Scripps Ranch High and San Diego State University golfer, Xander Schauffele, shot 14-under par over four rounds to win his first PGA Tour event today, making a birdie put on the 18th hole of his final round to win the Greenbrier Classic by one stroke.
The 23-year-old former Aztec shot three-under par in the final round to edge out Robert Streb at the Old White TPC course in White Sulphur Springs,
West Virginia.
"Very nervous, just at a loss for words," Schauffele told PGA.com of how he felt just before sinking his winning birdie putt.
When asked how the victory would change the rest of his year, Schauffele took a look at the bigger picture.
"I think it honestly just changed my life, really," he said. "I need a little bit of time to take it all in."
Joining Schauffele near the top of the leader board was Jamie Lovemark, 29, who graduated from Torrey Pines High. Lovemark finished in a two-way tie for third by shooting 12-under, just two strokes off Schauffele's winning scorecard.
San Diego native Phil Mickelson, a five-time major championship winner, finished tied for 20th at six-under par. Mickelson entered the final day of the Greenbrier Classic at even par after an up-and-down first three days, but he shot a six-under 64 today, his best round of the week on the par-70 course.
Schauffele rode a steadier path to his first PGA Tour win, shooting a six-under 64 on Thursday, a one-under 69 on Friday and a four-under 66 on
Saturday before closing strong with birdies at 16 and 18 to shoot a three-under 67 today.
The PGA Tour rookie burst onto the scene last month when he shot a bogey-free 66 in the first round at the U.S. Open, annually the toughest stop on
the tour. He finished that tournament tied for fifth at 10-under par, six strokes off winner Brooks Koepka.


Many study ideas books advocates day by day timetable planning for a more environment friendly day. Alongside the way in which, he encounters folks and places that quite clearly symbolize the perils which a Christian believer faces on this earthly life. Science has led to far-reaching modifications in every sphere of our daily life. One study showed that one meal a day with the identical amount of every day calories is healthier for weight reduction and body composition than three meals per day.
As you will soon uncover, there is a hidden code that reveals the greatest fact of all and it is encoded into the construction of our universe and impacts our lives called the 9 code which many occasions seems as 911. We are going to start this article with a people prayer to God.
Now, it follows that if we consider in God and subsequently also the afterlife, we believe that we will return to God when we die, then, it would be important that there should be prayers, written for praying God for the sad time once we go away; so, here we're going to write a prayer or two asking God to let us be close to him when we move away, anyhow what is written right here-under are some prayers that we wish to suggest, nevertheless you possibly can at all times pray your personal method with your personal personal prayers.
She has additionally written three non-fiction books, The E book of Miniature Horses (The Lyons Press, 2005) The E-book of Draft Horses: The Horse That Constructed the World (The Lyons Press, 2007) and The E book of Mules: Selecting, Breeding, and Caring for Equine Hybrids (The Lyons Press, 2008.) Along with her books Donna has written articles for several regional and nationwide magazines together with Grit Journal, Back Dwelling Journal, Secure Administration Magazine, USA Equestrian, Younger Rider, The Chronicle of the Horse, Boys Life, The Gaited Horse, Western Mule, The Brayer, Our State, Carolina Country and Conquistador.
The topics included on this Expertise Mediated classes are: 1) Pressure and Movement; 2) Gravity; three) Friction; four) Speed; 5) Velocity; 6) Legislation of Inertia; 7) Regulation of Acceleration and; eight) Law of Interplay. Additionally, just because it happens mathematically it happens with events in real life and seen all over the place in our universe, nature, and tradition although most individuals have missed it. This code is common.


All hail the hype cycle — 2016 was nothing but acceleration for the burgeoning bot economy. We experienced Gartner's "innovation trigger" and reached the "peak of inflated expectations" in under 10 months. Congratulations, everyone!
Now comes the sobering reality that companies — actual, living, breathing customers — need to be able to implement these things and demonstrate real business value. While some may long for those magical days of canned onstage demos and offensive rants from Microsoft's Tay, there's no escaping the reality that bots are just a fad if they don't produce for the brands that build and buy them.
Unfortunately, because of all the hype generated in the past year, many brands have been suckered into biting off more than they can chew. Sales of AI technologies are going through the roof, but value-generating implementations lag well behind. For the $8 billion worth of revenue generated by AI companies in 2016, I find it hard to believe those buyers are on track to see more than $8 billion in ROI.
It's not that the technology they purchased is necessarily bad, but customers often bought too much and tried to do too much from the get-go. I saw this in virtually every sales meeting I had in January — mountains of software and little notion of where to begin. Here's what I tell these companies when I find them in this predicament.
I'm amazed by the grandiose scope of the automation projects businesses envision. Some want to replace an entire contact center in under 12 months. Others want a bot that can handle technical support and conversational commerce across a 500-product portfolio through multiple sub-brands and multiple conversation mediums.
These broad ambitions are destined for failure in almost every case. Bots aren't all that complicated on their own — they're just an interface with the customer and in most cases should act as the delivery mechanism for conversational intelligence. But the brain behind them needs to extract meaning and take the appropriate action. More complex customer inquiries often require integrations with a bunch of legacy back-end systems, which adds another layer of complexity that companies often overlook. It's the brains, not the bot, that brings real value for brands.
If you are even able to get such a fully general purpose bot or automated experience to production in the next two years, I'd be stunned if it didn't disappoint customers in nine out of 10 interactions, because the brain needs time in production to be trained and honed with the proper data, question sets, hand-off mediums, and voice.
A narrow approach — with support for a finite set of customer inquiries and limited but compelling functionality designed to make customer's lives better or more efficient — can now deliver great experiences 90 percent of the time. And most businesses can get the first set of use cases live in a matter of months not years. Pick a narrow set use case for your first project, limit the functionality to what's essential and going to make the most impact for the brand and end customer, and pour the rest of your efforts into ensuring a quality experience on those fronts in the various chat and voice channels.
Other than succeeding, what benefits do you get from a narrow approach to bots and automation?
It wasn't too long ago that "iterative" was among the most cherished buzzwords in the tech sector. For some reason, we've forgotten the lessons we learned about iterative development and walking before you run.
Today's top brands are obsessed with omnichannel everything. In the case of bots and automated experiences, which primarily manifest within chat apps today, brands want to know that they can go live on every channel their customers use on day one.
Here's the catch: if your bot delivers a bad experience on Facebook, it's going to deliver a crappy experience on Twitter. If you want to ensure success with your bot experience, don't get greedy about channels. Get it live on the most valuable channel to your customers and keep improving on your conversation models until you're confident you can perform well in more channels so that you can ensure that you then make the most of the unique properties and functionality of each channel.
It's so important to resist tunnel vision when you hear stats about millennials preferring chat and self-service. While it's true that well over half of millennials prefer 2-way text chat for customer service, 100 percent of customers hate bad service experiences. The medium matters, but only if the experience meets or exceeds expectations.
Build something that works. Then iterate and scale to new channels.
My final piece of advice seems like a no-brainer, but almost everyone screws this one up. Bots, despite all the hype, do not market themselves. If you build it, there's no guarantee that anyone will notice.
Your customers will absolutely appreciate and adopt a high-quality bot. They can generate revenue and they can drive customer satisfaction. They can do a ton, if you show your customers where they are and how to use these automated experiences.
The exact nature of the promotion you need to do is highly subjective to your business and your customer base. But the one thing you can do to de-risk your automation investment from the start is to get your marketing team started on a rollout strategy. Even if you get a few hundred users with promotion, you're not getting a statistically useful amount of data from those interactions.
Start your marketing plan in parallel with development of your first bot project. Have the teams work in lock-step along the way, and don't underfund the effort.
Succeeding with bots is not rocket science. A little common sense, a walk-before-you-run approach and some basic communication can get you from theory to production in less time, at dramatically lower costs, with tangible results to show for it that you can continue to build on and expand into more AI-driven experiences over time. That's the value proposition bots were supposed to have all along, and it's there for the taking if you have the discipline to capture it one step at a time with the right conversational intelligence behind it.


At the bottom of the Swiss Alps lies a charming little city called Lausanne. This Swiss treasure was our inspiration in creating and bringing to you the finest and authentic Swiss chocolate. Using only the best quality raw materials and the highest standards, Lausanne Chocolate invites you to experience what we believe to be a sweet and satisfying creation.


text:
A 2019-es Párizs nagydíjat április 27-én rendezték. Ez volt a 8. verseny a szezonban. A futamot Robin Frijns nyerte, aki a verseny után átvette a vezetést a bajnoki tabellán, miután az előle rajtoló két Nissan-pilóta műszaki hibák miatt a mezőny végére csúszott vissza. André Lotterer ezúttal is második lett, míg a harmadik helyen Daniel Abt végzett, aki 2. dobogós helyezését ünnepelhette a szezon során.

Időmérő

Előzmények
A verseny előtt biztosra vált, hogy a párizsi nagydíj helyszíne 2022-ig biztosítva van a versenynaptárban. Továbbá a Dragon bejelentette, hogy Felipe Nasr erre a hétvégére sem sem ül vissza az autóba, helyette továbbra is Maximilian Günther vezetett.

A végleges rajtrács:

Megjegyzések:
 - A két Mahindrát utólag kizárták az időmérőről, nem megfelelő guminyomás miatt.

Futam

FanBoost

Futam
A futam után kiderült, hogy a következő monacói versenyre több pilóta is büntetést kapott egyéb okok miatt.

Megjegyzések:
 - Jérôme d'Ambrosio 5 másodperces büntetést kapott a támadó mód nem megfelelő használatáért.
 - +1 pont a leggyorsabb körért.
 - +3 pont a pole-pozícióért.

A világbajnokság állása a verseny után
(Teljes táblázat)

Jegyzet: Csak az első 5 helyezett van feltüntetve mindkét táblázatban.

Jegyzetek

További információk
 Hivatalos honlap

Formula-E nagydíjak

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Chelifera neangusta är en tvåvingeart som beskrevs av James David Macdonald 1994. Chelifera neangusta ingår i släktet Chelifera och familjen dansflugor.

Artens utbredningsområde är New Mexico. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Dansflugor
neangusta


Spoken like a true bad carpenter.
NOTE: French meringues incorporate granulated sugar whereas Italian meringues employ boiling sugar syrup to help cook the egg proteins and hold the shape; it is therefore almost impossible to over beat.
so I thought: What the heck?
Still having problems controlling the size, and spacing, of my macarons.
Most of my shells average 3-4 cm in diameter.
What happens if you pipe them too close together.
Need to work on the pudgy deformed body though.
Note to self as well.
As you can see, the pied from this recipe, was breathtakingly stunning — and this was on the first try!
Some of the shells were burnt — yes, Monsieur Hermé's recipe is (almost) impossible to crack — as you can see from the tanned shells.
Ganache was also wee bit runny.
as opposed to buttercream (which I've heard works just as well).
Shells were slightly better, and more uniformed in size and shape.
Managed to keep the ganache firm for like 5-10 minutes before it started running all over the place again.
Am beginning to the weather is more to be blamed and not my technique.
wanted to try a dark chocolate ganache filling for contrast.
And IMHO, it works better.
I won't be going back to French meringue any time soon.
The results I got with Italian meringue were waaaaaaaaaay too impressive.
But no matter, we can work on that.