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The Dawn of Mazdak
by MAZDAK » Sun Oct 07, 2007 9:12 am
The Personality of Zartusht and his Mission
Interestingly, the nominal followers of zartushti creed resorted secretive practices up to the previous century. They strove to keep their religion covert as opposed to advancing it. Iran, homeland of this Aryan reformer, rarely remembered this prophet. His name had become a myth drenched in fire worship. Iranian-Muslim scholars introduced him as the student of the Jewish prophets who had created the duality of Ourmazd and Ahriman, the battle between Good and Evil, Who was the leader of fire worshiping magis.
About two centuries ago, western scholars came to learn more of zartusht. Thus, they were drawn to his thoughts. About a century ago, the true massage of zartusht, the Gathas, came to be known. Since that time his thoughts have enchanted researchers. The fame of zartusht quickly spread among scholars, thinkers, and all those who strove to know the philosophical thoughts of the ancient world. In a short period of time many thinkers were drawn to this thought.
Hebrew, Arabic, Greek and Latin, the languages of world monotheistic religions, are easily understood, for many still speak them today.
The language of the Gathas however is still difficult to understand, even for the so-called followers of the creed. This has brought innumerable problems to scholars, for the beauty of its composition still remains undiscovered and its complexity and antiquity add to these problems. The language of the Gathas is one of poetry and symbolism which differs from the ordinary tongue of the people. Even the language of the people of the day has long since been forgotten.
In the Gathas zartusht introduces himself as a messenger and a teacher of the masses.
In Yasna 44/11 he says"Lord, I know that you have sent me to carry out this important task as your first teacher."
In 31/1 he reminds us, "I reveal to you, oh seeker of knowledge, these unheard words. I bring them too for those who lead the world truth to destruction through their lies. Yet they are best for those who love Ahura Mazda.
In 31/2 we read, "Thus do I come to you all as teacher whom mazda has chosen for both groups that we might live through the creed of truth.
His Task is to lead all people of the world-both the good and the wicked. He is not the prophet of a special clan or group. He is to lead even those who lead the world to destruction through wrong and misleading instructions.
Zartusht always addresses those who sought knowledge for he knew knowledge as the key to spiritual understanding, truth, and the creed of justice. He always chose knowledge as the measure of good and evil therefore he had to address the seeker of knowledge as he clearly states. Thus, one can conclude that in the light of the Gathas he was the first teacher of the world. In other words up to a certain period of time man was not ready to seek the truth through the knowledge and understanding. Therefore, according to the Gathas, it could be deduced that zartusht appeared at the time that man began to be the seeker of knowledge.
Through time man has always known divinity with maricals and the prophets and saints were miracle workers and creators of that which was out of the ordinary. The diviners of Egypt, Chaldea, and Assyria… falsified events and brought forth fantastic deeds of their gods in order to maintain their status. Even today mullahs and the advocates of all monotheistic religions turn to fabricated miracles.
The appearance of mosses and Christ is historically ascertained. That which has been said of their personality bears a touch of myth and fantasy and not reality. It is commonplace to accept miracles from mythical being particularly as written in so-called divine scripture which allows the indoctrination of the masses through their intermediaries as the word of god. All this has been built on the foundation of miracles and fantasy to please the masses and they were also reported in church documents.
What is interesting is that even if the founders of a religion themselves rise to refute these miracles their followers will not be able to accept the messengers of god as ordinary mortals and miracles as the works of magicians.
The religion of Zartusht was of the people and for the people and was based on Action and truth
The people of the ancient world believed in a set of superstitious beliefs and practices in order to draw attention and the approval of powerful gods. This was the reason why in time a group of diviners and religious leaders rose to enact certain ceremonies and to enforce these practices on the people. As society came into existence religion and its rule became the basis of power, and thus it became the foundation of monarchy and government. Throughout the history of the world man has been dictated and ruled by false religions and their practices which sought nothing but total subjugation of mankind to the power of the temples and churches. It was not only in the middle ages that Christianity became the trade of ecclesiastical leaders in which heaven was bought and sold, but even today we continue to see this practice among various civilizations, these institutions bear no proximity with the real lives of the people, they are simply enforced on the masses. The pious is he who obeys the instructions of the expert in prayers, oblation and practices and abides by the rules that the church has set for him in order to attain heaven and avoid hell. All these practices are mere reminders of bribes of the institution of divinity wrought by successful ways to control man and submit him to the will of god… These institutions all claim that terrestrial world is transitory and therefore man must think of the other world. He must seek eternal fulfilment therein. Such convictions not only authorize these institutions but they also remove man from the realities of life. They turn him into a trader who seeks religious approval in this world and that of the other. He becomes a weak a wricked being who quivers at the thought of hell fire without once looking at life, and thus dose he turn to superstition. The best example of such subjugation is to found in societies which have been thought to be pious but which have in fact empowered the church and its forces with in their society. All such societies have been backward, poor, suppressed and often corrupt.
The value of zartusht's massage will be more appreciated once we look at modern day religious societies. We will then see how in the twentieth century, the era of the atom and space travel, there are still intermediaries, diviners and charlatans who use religion in order to suppress men.
In the gathas man has been born free and chooses his fate himself. Even the followers of evil are free to make their own choices.
The importance of freedom and choice in zartusht's creed are so blatantly clear that there is no need to interpret them.
Zartusht advocates freedom in society and religious practice and worship. In Yasna 30/5 zartusht stresses that one must choose mazda. Man must voluntarily choose to obey him. In Yasna 53/2, zartusht's daughter and son in law are called on to freely choose the worship of ahura.
Zartusht clearly addresses the responsibility of the individual to fight in order to attain truth and true forgiveness. On this path each man can only fight for himself (Bribes to the church and the clergy are not avail). To make this important decision man can only relay on himself. No relative, tribe, relationship or intermediary can influence this choice. None of these factors are taken into account for no one can help man in making this decision. Zartufht's greatest discovery was the responsibility of the individual toward god.
The brilliance of the creed of zartusht is that each individual who studies the Gathas learns that this religion relies on a sense of human freedom. The suggestion of good thoughts, good words and good deeds is the most important weapon that burns the imprint of the individual church, institution, and clergy within the mind of the disciple. According to zartusht as stated in the Gathas, fate dose not influence man's behavior in the future…
Religion depends on one's understanding and judgment. In one hand one bears truth and goodness while in the other hand lie diversion and lies.
Zartusht's creed gives life a splendor which is higher than that of any other way of thought. This way of thought distances man from his vermin-like existence of the middle ages and from the mechanical being of today.
Zartusht dose not see humans as figures on a celestial chessboard. Mankind has individuality, will and freedom, for Ahura Mazda wanted man to have this authenticity.
Zartusht's creed is a religion of free will in its highest form.
In Yasana 30/5 the two essences of thought choose good and evil through free choice. In 30/2 zartusht clearly states that each man must make his own choice between the creeds of truth and falsity. Each man must choose his own religion.
It is interesting that even divine rule must be chosen. This fact is stressed in 53/2 where zartusht states that Ahura Mazda must be chosen. This means that the belief in god's existence can not be forced to anyone. Man must worship him through a clear conscience.
In conclusion we learn that one of the most important features of zartusht's religion is choice and human responsibility. No other religion has so clearly stated the documentation of good deeds and bad deeds.
In order to explain zartusht's creed we need but look at three verses of the Gathas in which free choice has been clearly pronounced:
It has been clearly stressed in this verse that man must choose their leaders freely. They must choose to follow the path he shows. Man is free to choose the path of the false leader but it is man himself who endures the result of his right or wrong choice.
31/11:"In the beginning did thou, Oh Mazda, create bodies and souls for us. Thou did grant us the wisdom of thy thought. Thou did grant life to bodies, Thou gave bodies the power to work. So too did Thou teach each man to choose his creed."
48/4:"He whose thoughts are good, or he who is evil in words and deeds will find his conscience filled with either good or evil. The path that thoughts choose through freedom and choice will and faith will follow. Finally they (the good and the bad) will be separated from one another.
The importance of free will and choice in the creed of zartusht has been unanimously acclaimed by all oriental scholars who have studied the Gathas. Even those who have put forth the most outlandish interpretations of the Gathas have agreed on the fact that in this creed man is being of free will and choice. As far as this prophet is concern each man must choose his path in life freely.
There is no incorporeal good and evil in the world for that which exists is the one with good thoughts and the one with evil thoughts.
1. Good and evil are two elements of thought, and nature of a person is related to man's thought and reasoning.
2. The measure for distinguishing between good and evil is the knowledge and comprehension.
3. Good and evil have no meaning without the presence of free choice and will.
4. The wise one who is in harmony with the truth consciously chooses the virtuous path and harmonizes himself with the order of nature, avoiding deceptions and lies. The ignorant one who Hs been diverted from the true path follows aberration.
5. The worship of Ahura Mazda is in harmony with true thought truth and probity and it is this that leads man to the realm of glory.
6. Life and no life movement and stagnation, come about through the collision of good and evil. Productive life comes in the shelter of good and truth. Evil and ugliness are brought about lies and trickery culminating in Non-life or stagnation.
7. The followers of truth have the best minds and the followers of lies have within themselves the worst manner of thought.
8. This will continue until the end of man's life and the collision of good and evil will determine man's path in life.
9. Good delights in correct and chaste behaviour.
10. The ignorant one who carries the worst manner of thought of demeanour within themselves destroys others.
11. Absolution comes about through a peaceful conscience. He who has good within him will find true joy and he who is restless within carrying within himself the worst manner of thought will never find the light of joy.
Zartusht rose from among the primitive Aryan societies of his day. A society that was polytheistic and drenched in tradition, superstition, and Archatic belief in practice where diviners, karpans, usiji and kavis held the people in the grip of obdurate belief. I n spite of the time worn inflexible fixtures of his society, he rose against it. He declared a bloody war on all leaders who exploited the masses, the shepherds. He challenged the five worshiping diviners who sought to intoxicate the people with their sacrificial practices and primitive rituals in order to bind the masses in slavery. He repudiated the gods that clergy were using to enforce their hold on the people and immediately disbanded them. He claimed that the establishment of religion called doctrine to be nothing but lies and discarded them.
Most importantly zartusht overturned the meaning of the word religion and pious, for he taught people that there is no piety other than good deeds and that GOD is in no need of sacrifice, pleading or praise. He showed that heaven and hell exist in each and every one of us and that good and evil are but the aberrations of our minds. He stated that the creator is in no need of worship and intermediaries and that the greatest sacrifice that can be made to GOD is the following of the trilogy: good thoughts, good words, and good deeds. God can only be attained by seeking divine bearing.
Could the founder of such a revolution that upturned all the social and thought structure of his society for the first time in the world and incorporated true monotheism have been of the diviners, seers and mullahs?
No prophet with a clerical training was ever able to create a revolution on religious thoughts. In which of the schools of the clergy of his day did mohammad study? Among all those who studied in such places which one of them was able to compose popular verses as this common man? Is the meaning of popular anything other than belonging to the people? Dose it therefore mean that Mohammad's verses belonged to the people and he who was devoid of any schooling? Had these men been of the clergy, then their training would have had no value for it would have been a mere repetition of the intractable studies of the priesthood. They would have never been able to fill the masses with the need to create a revolution. Zartusht's massage was an honest call from within that aroused souls and forced them into movement.
The righteous who rises from among the masses is undeniably a supporter of the weak for without them evolution is not attainable. From the time state and church were created these two moved singly or in conjunction with another to exploit the masses. The one who is the supporter of the masses cannot come to terms with the state and the church. The religion of the people can not accept the state and its diviners, for if it dose, then the religion that is created is that of the leaders and not that of the people. The court, temple, leadership and diviners have always tried to keep religion as an important tool of the state in order to sanction their power. If they do not adhere to this rule, they will be destroyed.
Unfortunately, due to the tolerance of the people, their addiction to obedience and their tendency for superstition and inherited indoctrination, history has constantly witnessed the success of the church and the state. Together they have always diverted the real religions and revolutions of the people and they have incessantly risen to take command by using the very element that was to save people. Thus they have always achieved the oppression and suppression of the nations. There is no sword mightier than diverted religion to destroy the power of nations and enslave the people.
Zartusht (Haven and Hell)
Zartusht's creed has no metaphysics in it. It bears nothing outside the limits of nature and he never spoke of the abnormal or of the supernormal. The elements he speaks of existed in reality although they were tied to a higher world. The atmosphere that can be felt is higher than the environment we exist in and yet somehow it is tied to this environment. This ambience comes from condition of herd life three thousand years ago. Interestingly, the more this environment expands its atmosphere also expands like marks on a balloon. They never leave this atmosphere and they are always tied to the realm of thoughts as they expand. Wisdom, knowledge, choice, good thoughts, truth, world order, natural law, power of the will, realm of power of God, creator… realm of song, home of lies… all are comprehensible terms. But the wisdom that was used along the Amu Daria three thousand years ago was different from the one that is being used today. Primitive religions have been basically created on myths. These myths also have great importance in monotheistic religions. But zartusht's creed knows no myth. Mysterious realms and ambience prevail in mythology. Amazing events that are beyond human capability are wrought through the power of Gods in these myths. In monotheism, we see miracles. Moses separates the sees, Jesus breaths life into the dead and walks on water or rises to the heavens. Jonas lives within a whale… there are no such elements in the Gathas.
I believe that this very deficiency of fantasy is the most important element of zartusht's creed which proves its pertinence to reality. The religion of early man was one of mythology and the religion of modern man has been founded on these very myths. It has taken several millennia to indoctrinate these convictions thereby making religion a metaphysical creation.
Man cannot understand religion without rites, ceremonies, fantasy and imagination. This is why zartusht's creed became enshrouded in these elements through the ages to such an extend that little has been left of the original creed. The magis and the diviners had to draw man to themselves. They had to prescribe a religion for man that bore fantasy, metaphysics, myths, dreams and images to such an extent that they could no longer be recognized.
Whenever a society is able to add to its good thinkers and to its humanitarians it will know less evil. One can not live among evil thinkers in happiness where there is corruption. The very leaders of such society know no happiness either. No revolution can bring man kind true moral and spiritual change without the enhancement of the real life of the masses. Zartusht advocates activity, struggle with oppressors and liars deceivers and the support of the needy and of the weak with internal and moral change that can bring man wisdom. This is the most realistic and pragmatic plan whose continuation can bring man betterment of life. Likewise, zartusht speaks indirectly of the other life in order not to destroy hope for man. He creates no market for the trade of religious intermediaries. There is no need for intermediaries to attain haven and escape hell. He leaves no room for such merchants. Each man is to set on his path through free will and hard work. The creed of zartusht knows no trade with God. Yet man has not yet reached that level of maturity to rid himself of centuries of indoctrination. Most people are still caught in the embrace of fantasy. Almost all people are still caught in the throes of emotional and inherited motivations. Objective religions cannot thrive in such an environment. It will take a long time for this to be brought about and for the intermediaries of religion to be destroyed. At this point dealing and bargaining with paradise and hell will be stopped.
Zartusht appears as the follower of truth and good mind or thoughts. The interesting fact is that in the gathas there is no mentioning of following zartusht or his creed. The basic principle is the advancement of truth and good deeds and refraining from lies and wiles.
The other interesting principle that we see appear in the Gathas is that zartusht words are his own and not those of God. God has granted him eloquence, pure wisdom and good thoughts. He has simply profited from these blessings and instructions in order to send forth words for mankind that had never been heard. Zartusht never claims that the Gathas are the words of God or that his hymns are divine inspiration. There are hymns that one can indirectly assume that has profited from inspiration and enlightenment, but what is actually stated in his own and not that of God.
The followers of other religions claim that their script is the direct word of God. This has made them carry out that which has been written word for word.
This belief has caused the exact enactment and empowerment of religious institutions and yet it has also cause innumerable controversy that has often ended in destruction and massacre. The churches try to put supernatural principles in their creed in order to turn their creed into the words of God which must be obeyed with blind submission. Undoubtedly that which was said three thousand years ago bears the ambience and condition of its own time. This particularly true of that which concerns the daily lives of men, their traditions and customs. All this could have been well enacted in its own days. Today, after the passage of several millennia and basic changes in the lives and possibilities of man, these ancient interpretations regardless of how superior they might have been, can no longer adhere to the lives of present day man. If we look into these practices we will see how illogical many of these instructions are. Thus, in order for the church to survive it has to claim that it is the direct word of God and therefore eternal. It needs to claim that it dose and will continue to be the command of God as long as man lives on this terrestrial plane.
The God of psalms and poetry is the creation of the poet's imagination. He is not the great life giving dadar of the world. The psalms of God can be heard in the order of creation and in all universal phenomena, his countenance can be seen in the heart of the universe—an endless world. His realm can be attained through human wisdom. Those Gods who only listen to Gathic, Vedic, and Hebrew… are the creations of zartushtis, Indians, Jews… The language of God is the language of nature and of creation. All the creatures of the world speak this language for God is the creator of life, body, words and speech. The zartusht who is presented in the Gathas has placed love, kindness, wisdom, good thoughts, tolerance and understanding at the base of his teachings. These teachings cannot be the foundation of prejudice and rigidity that has found root in rendering the Gathas as divine nor in making the Bondahishn and Ardavirnameh sacred, which are all negation of God. Notably, Zartushti thinkers and scholars, through tradition and heredity, not only see zartusht's saying and lamentations as the words of God, and continue to use them as prayers and incantations, but also consider many superstitions of the new Avesta sacred and accept it as their scripture. Unfortunately, zartushtis are not the only ones caught in the grips of indoctrinated hereditary belief for most followers of religions are caught in the same clutch and have thereby trapped humanity.
According to most institutionalized religions, one can only attain salvation, eternal forgiveness and heaven through the enactment of ceremony, tradition, and particular ritual. The difference in various sects is mostly in the manner of this enactment and not in the principle of religion. The ruthless bloodshed of Catholics and Protestants, Shiites and Sunnis… has been brought about because of the practices of these religions. Even the adversity among the followers of various monotheistic is principally due to practices, customs and trivialities than to basic difference. It is these very practices and traditions that create the institutional church and clergy. The real war is between the churches and not between the basic beliefs. This truth will be clarified by analyzing and comparing monotheistic religions. In the massage of zartusht, it is his description of religion, righteousness, piety, reward and punishment that stands out. As we have already seen, to zartusht the devout are those who believe in truth and honesty and those who enact these principles. Even the zartushti elite like Azargoshasb, Dahala, and Pourdavood …accept that in the Gathas zartusht explains the path of salvation without the presence of the zartushi church.
Zartusht sees assistance to the lower classes and those under pressure as vital, but he dose not see this assistance only in terms of being an ashvan. In 46/5 he clearly states the powerful must help the needy through love and humanitarianism, even if they do not belong to the followers of truth. He must lead the needy to the true path through love and kindness. He must aid through his wisdom. Free man and the followers of truth will choose truth through their will and consciousness. They will do this neither to appease the church nor God but to attain eternal happiness, because this path brings perfection. It is man's essence and mind that is important here and not how he carries out his tradition or religious practice.
We have seen that the araiyan practices and customs were controlled by diviners and the clergy and with chanting the necessary chant which only these men were suitable to do. I have already said that other institutionalized religions clung to their own rites and ceremonies. There is no such sign of specialized rites and ceremonies in the massage of zartusht. There is no set measure for the worship of God in the Gathas. Zartusht's interpretation of religion was one of the revolutions of its days. Today three thousand years later this revolution still stands out. Let us imagine what would happen if the pious of various religions were to believe in this truth today. What would come about if they could see God as the shelter of good deeds? What would happen if churches, temples… lost their authority? Would the world be rid of prejudice, vengeance and hatred? Would it turn to love and kindness in order to strengthen itself?
Man should make basic moral principles, which are at the root of all creeds and which have been advocated by all enlighted man, as the basis of his deeds words and thoughts. He should know all man as the creatures of God and he should see them as one. Indoctrinated veils and obstacles which have been handed down to him through ages should be destroyed. Each man should answer the call within according to his understanding. His beloved creed should be implanted within his heart without upsetting his fellow man. It is only at such a time that the world will take on a different face. Then will the pious that merely copy others, the majority of man, stop being puppets and become truly freed man. In such a society the leaders and politicians who advocate diverted thought in the world and who have brought man kind nothing but wretches and spiritual oppression by creating wars would be supplanted. Then will the church and the corrupt clergy who thrive on stagnation never be allowed to flourish.
In all societies it is very few who lead men to corruption and to destruction. They abuse men's ignorance and thus suppress them in various ways. Most leading institutions of suppression are able to exist by enforcing their will through servants, who are suppressed themselves. Thus is the authority of corrupt elite founded. These servants attain no benefits but only fall to bestial ruin. In many cases man's destruction in history has been brought about through changes that even today, after the passage of many years and experiences, man is still the puppet of the ruling elite. These elites control the churches and all doctrinaires and the media… Over the years man kind has been so suppressed that today the farmer, the worker even the educated or the scientist have no free will. They all carry out the whims of these elite. Men still rise to partake in holy wars. If men are allowed to bloom through wisdom and good thoughts, love and kindness they will choose to live together and they will refrain from blind submission. All people will become brothers and sisters and they will know that it is only their deeds that prove them and give them value. No single creed, religion or doctrine is higher than another. The world will gradually become the heaven of the true. This has always been the aim of all true reformers. It might be a logical desire, yet it has always remained unattainable. However, the more man works for this aim the greater peace he will know. Society will be led by mankind and it will become humanitarian.
Zardusht on the issue of Clergy
Part1: At the time of zartusht and in the gathaic society, the kavi was the leader of the tribe. He was also the religious leader of a clan. The kavis were the clergy head of the Aryan tribes. The status of the kavi comes from the religion of totemism in which the oldest son of the family, and that of the tribe, is the guardian of the family stove or of the flame of the tribe. Gradually, the kavi became the king and the ruler, and at the time of the sassanids kavi ghobad, kavi khosrow… or kay ghobad and kay khosrow… were all terms for kings. At the time of zartusht, there was no sign of monarchy or of kingship but tribal societies and clans were the only form of societies that existed. Since society had not yet been classified, there was no class of clergy with a set of training as many scholars mistakenly believed. In the gathas, we meet karpans with usiji and kavis. They were all the religious leaders of their day. Each one had a special responsibility but none of them had yet to belong to particular with a set hierarchy.
In one part of the gathas, Azargoshasb translates the word ratush to mean spiritual leader. He found a fact and through this fact he has made his own conclusion that there was no class of clergy at the time of zartusht. In the light of this interpretation, we can accept by spiritual leader he means the moral leader and not the leader of a set of spiritual class.
Therefore we must accept that in the primitive society of zartusht there was not yet any form of organized church .Gradually as society expands and the responsibility of its various groups is determined. The kavis become the political leaders, the karpans become religious leaders, and the kings and their courts alongside the athrravans, the magis and the mubadan gradually became to separate institution but in harmony with one another. Although political and religious leadership was just coming into existence, Zartusht rose to oppose them both and to warn the masses of obeying these evil thinkers and evil leaders.
Hertel writes,"the creed of zartusht, was philosophical but it was simultaneously anti-clerical and anti-religious. In India and Iran, the clergy served the purpose of rendering all instructions futile by relating it to them. In other words, they managed to divert the religion of zartusht and the guise of his instructions.
Adolph Rapp, the German expert on Persian culture, believes that the influence of the clergy and their interference in political affairs caused the creation of obstacles that prevented progress. In the history of the world we see such examples. In the religion of Mazdaism this factor has been totally rejected. There is no trace of clerical influence in this religion.
Most scholars have come to understand that the massage of zartusht was to oppose the clergy and the ancient practice, for he not only advocates a religion without intermediaries but he also rises to castigate them.
The dawn of mazdak.
MAZDAK


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Summary and book reviews of My Mistress's Sparrow Is Dead by Jeffrey Eugenides
My Mistress's Sparrow Is Dead
Great Love Stories, from Chekhov to Munro
by Jeffrey Eugenides
Short Stories & Essays
Lucia Silva Buy This Book
"Read these love stories in the safety of your single bed. Let everybody else suffer."— Jeffrey Eugenides, from the introduction to My Mistress's Sparrow Is Dead.
"When it comes to love, there are a million theories to explain it. But when it comes to love stories, things are simpler. A love story can never be about full possession. Love stories depend on disappointment, on unequal births and feuding families, on matrimonial boredom and at least one cold heart. Love stories, nearly without exception, give love a bad name . . . .
It is perhaps only in reading a love story (or in writing one) that we can simultaneously partake of the ecstasy and agony of being in love without paying a crippling emotional price. I offer this book, then, as a cure for lovesickness and an antidote to adultery. Read these love stories in the safety of your single bed. Let everybody else suffer."— Jeffrey Eugenides, from the introduction to My Mistress's Sparrow Is Dead.
All proceeds from My Mistress's Sparrow is Dead will go directly to fund the free youth writing programs offered by 826 Chicago. 826 Chicago is part of the network of seven writing centers across the United States affiliated with 826 National, a non-profit organization dedicated to supporting students ages 6 to 18 with their creative and expository writing skills, and to helping teachers inspire their students to write.
(There is no printer friendly option for this book)
With his artful curating, Eugenides has conquered one of the biggest problems of the short story collection. Reading anthologies can often be a dust-collecting, bedside-lingering process. Usually grouped by time period, nationality, publication, or award, they often serve primarily as a reference, introduction, or catalog, and editors are careful to make their personalities invisible. This makes them useful, reliable, and enjoyable for their parts, but unremarkable as a whole. My Mistress's Sparrow is exactly the opposite. It's not intended as a comprehensive survey of the greatest love stories of all time. Nor is it a treatise on love, as Eugenides warns in his excellent introduction. ("Please keep in mind: my subject here isn't love. My subject is the love story.") Instead, these are the selections of a reader; an impassioned, expert, committed, and discriminating reader; one who remembers that the best kind of reading comes from picking favorites...continued
(Reviewed by Lucia Silva).
Miami Herald - John Mark Eberhart
I can in good conscience recommend one very good gift for this Valentine's Day: "My Mistress's Sparrow Is Dead: Great Love Stories, From Chekhov to Munro," edited by Jeffrey Eugenides.
St Louis Post-Dispatch - Steve Giegerich
Falling somewhere in the middle of the canon is the English translation of "Tonka," Robert Musil's wrenching account of the entanglement between an Austrian aristocrat and an emotionally absent Czech peasant.
By every measure of prose and content, "Tonka" — a slow dance toward intimacy ultimately marred by infidelity — exemplifies the quality work found on every page of Mistress's Sparrow.
"How little one knows what one knows, or wants what one wants," the 20th-century Austrian author writes in a coda that eloquently captures the sum and substantive heart — in the contextual sense of the word — of this fluent retrospective on love.
Cleveland Plain Dealer - Tricia Springstubb
Love is many splendored, but the love story is simple. Pain, bliss, new pain is the basic outline. Which doesn't mean, of course, that love isn't at the heart (yes) of the most gorgeous, revelatory fiction ever written. Joy! Jealousy! Delight! Despair! In this wonderful new anthology, love stories large and small, familiar and exotic, heap up like bouquets left at the scene of a fatal highway accident.
Los Angeles Times - Louisa Thomas
The plots are wildly different; the range in tone, form and style is immense. This brings unexpected delights. It is, for example, a small thrill to go from the solemn, lapidary language of "The Dead" straight into Denis Johnson's "Dirty Wedding," with its rush of words and inarticulate speed ("yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah"). And it is a bigger thrill to realize that however painful the heartbreak, love offers real rewards -- and these stories are among them.
Library Journal - Patrick Sullivan
Some of the best moments come from younger writers, who somehow manage to match the masters here step for step. An essential acquisition.
Remember a little book called A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius by Dave Eggers, back in ...
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What Becomes
by A.L. Kennedy
Powerful and funny, intimate and profound, the stories in What Becomes capture the spirit of our times with dark humor, poignant hopefulness, and brilliant evocation of contemporary social and spiritual malaise.
The Ada Poems
by Cynthia Zarin
A dazzling story of obsessive love emerges in Cynthia Zarin's luminous new book inspired and inhabited by the title character of Nabokov's novel Ada, or Ardor: A Family Chronicle, who was the lifelong love of her half brother, Van.
by Crissy Van Meter
Set on the eve of an island wedding, this provocative debut novel exerts a pull as strong as the tides.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Trademark Trolls under the Xmas Tree
The term "Trademark Troll" is less used than "Patent Troll", but trademark trolls do exist and may constitute serious challenges for trademark owners around the world. In short, a "trademark troll" is someone who attempts to register a mark and then requests payment and/or threatens litigation against other companies adopting identical or similar marks in total good faith.
Trademark trolls can be categorized as follows:
1) Opportunistic Trademark Registrant: This one is who does not actually use or intends to use the mark but decides to register a well-known mark protected by a third party in another country but not yet in the country of the Trademark Troll. By doing so, the troll waits until the original owner decides to use the mark in the country, and blocks this use on the basis of its "spurious" registration, generally requesting the trademark owner to pay some money in order to obtain a license to use the mark. This (unfair) practice commonly occurs in those countries where there are no strict rules on the obligation to use registered marks, such as China. For example, it was widely reported a case involving the trademark CASTEL, owned by the French winemaker Castel Freres SAS, and the Chinese company Li Dao Zhi, which registered the transliteration of CASTEL, being "Ka Si Te". On the basis of this registration, the Chinese company managed to block the use of "CASTEL" in China, a trademark created many years earlier by the French company.
2) "Trademark bullies": this case is the opposite situation, where a company with a well-known mark in one or more countries, tries to extend its rights much more widely than its actual territorial and/or business scope, bringing actions against other companies using the same or similar marks in other countries and/or totally unrelated commercial sectors. It is not uncommon that, small businesses may be damaged by litigation strategies used to enforce trademark rights "beyond a reasonable interpretation of the real scope of the rights granted to the trademark owner". These kind of tactics may well result in frivolous litigation and some time can also be sanctioned by the judicial system.
3) Suspect Trademark Users: a last troll categories is the one who claims, without solid reasons, to have used a specific mark, and threatens or brings infringement actions or opposition against any company or individual using and/or registering that mark. This practice, based on alleged prior use, is more typical of those legal systems based on common law, and/or where trademark rights are primarily based on used and not registration (e.g. the USA).
4) How to prevent Trademark Troll risks: in order to reduce the risk of falling into the trap of a trademark troll it is recommended to follow the below short guide:
- One should file its trademarks as soon as possible, not only in the country of the main business or where he manufactures the products, but also in those countries where he foresees a commercial expansion. Taking advantage of the 6 months Paris Convention priority is a good way to keep the priority date gained in one country in successive countries of filing.
- Obtaining protection on the transliteration of the original mark is also important, for example in China.
- Conducting periodical knock/out worldwide trademark searches to locate possible Trademark trolls practices.
- Keeping track of its own trademark use in "troll friendly countries" (e.g. always keeping invoices, commercial documents, correspondence with distributors, etc.) and always display in a proper way the mark as registered on products and commercial papers. This would constitute a good background evidence on prior legitimate use in case of unexpected/undesired litigation.
Instead of taking the risk and awaiting the "next troll to come", it is always a good strategy to prepare himself by building a good shield against these unpredictable and unfair commercial behaviors.
EU Trademark Reform Finally Adopted
The European Union Trademark Reform has been finally adopted. Inter alia, the reform will:
Reduce renewal fees for EU trademarks by up to 37 percent;
Allow trademark owners to seize counterfeit goods transiting through the EU;
Harmonize certain aspects of substantive and procedural law. This includes new office-based opposition and cancellation actions and protection of trademarks with a reputation in all EU Member States;
Harmonize rules of classification of goods and services and allow International Registrations designating the EU to be processed much more quickly;
Open the door to the registration of more types of nontraditional trademarks (such as sounds, smells and tastes) by removing the requirement that a trademark be capable of graphic representation;
Provide new governance rules for the Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market (OHIM), to be renamed the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO); and
Create a new framework for cooperation between the EUIPO and national trademark offices in Member States for greater convergence of practices and standards.
For details about the adoption, click here. For additional information on main aspects of the reform, see here.


Blue Stallion Brewing is proud to feature Margie Miller Rigney as our Local Artist of the Month for September 2015. Margie is a native of Lexington, Kentucky and currently resides in Scott County with her husband and family. She is the owner of "High South Art House" – a working studio and fine art gallery in historic Georgetown, Kentucky. Her work includes, but is not limited to: Equine studies, Portraits, Landscapes, charcoal studies, abstracts, livestock, and wildlife work.
I created this acrylic on canvas series specifically for Blue Stallion Brewing for the "Local ARyist of the Month" spotlight. When I found out that my work was going to be here, I immediately began thinking about color in Sepia.
There is something extremely authentic about beer and the art of brewing.
Beer is something that feels like home to most of us.
it's a comfort as well as a luxury.
When fads have come and gone, beer has sustained it's position.
It is steadfast and true.
It's like that old friend that knows you, even after years have passed.
I want to honor the tradition of local brewing through subject matter that felt Genuine, Real and a part of our past. So I decided to paint a "Prohibition/Repeal Day" themed series and it was a great experience.
Sepia appears as brown and white, but if you look closely you can find blues, dark purples, creams, yellows and hints of orange in this unique color mix.
I hope you enjoy viewing ot as much as I did creating it. Cheers!
You can reach Margie Miller Rigney on her Facebook page or via email at margie.m.rigney@gmail.com.


SAN FRANCISCO — Apple's (AAPL) new iPhone 5 is a well-crafted device that's likely to please the company's fans and sell in the tens of millions. But if you're looking for something truly innovative in a smartphone, look elsewhere.
Its new features are welcome updates to the iPhone line. But they are incremental improvements, and many were pioneered long ago on rival phones. And the new iPhone still lacks some features that have long been standard in others.
When it comes to new smartphone features, Apple seems to not only be playing a constant game of catch-up with rivals such as Samsung and Nokia, but also falling further and further behind.
Compared with its predecessor, the iPhone 5 has a bigger screen, a faster processor and a thinner and taller body. It also has a new radio that will connect to the superfast 4G LTE wireless networks and an aluminum — not glass — back that should be more durable.
Thanks to an update to iOS, the operating system that underlies the iPhone, the new device will offer users turn-by-turn driving directions and the ability to take panoramic photos from within its included camera application. It will also feature a new application called Passbook that will collect users' loyalty cards and event and travel tickets and let users post updates to Twitter and Facebook from within its notification center.
Call me jaded, but none of those features is terribly exciting. Android-based phones have sported screens as large or larger than the new iPhone's for more than two years. Every new phone touts its speedy new processor. Free turn-by-turn directions has been a standard feature on Android phones for years, and some Android models have been LTE-powered for more than a year.
Apps within Apple's iTunes store already offered the ability to take panoramic photos, and that feature is already built into other devices. And while the Passbook app sounds useful, it also seems incomplete. Unlike other phones, you won't be able to use the new iPhone to board the bus or buy coffee by simply tapping it to a card reader because it lacks an NFC chip, which makes such wireless transactions possible.
Apple says the new iPhone's battery will allow users to talk or Web surf for eight to 10 hours. That's more or less in line with previous iPhones, and what you'll get on Samsung's rival Galaxy S III. But it's pitiful compared with the battery life you get on one of Motorola's new Razr Maxx HD phone, which boasts 21 hours of talk time.
New phones from Samsung, Research In Motion and Nokia will all sport a new group photo feature that rapidly takes several images and automatically detects the faces within them. Users can then choose among several expressions for each person to get the best composite shot.
It's a neat feature and something that would seem a natural for the iPhone, given Apple's emphasis in recent years on the device's photo-taking capabilities. But you won't find it in the iPhone 5's native camera app.
Samsung's Galaxy line of phones has another cool feature that you won't find on the Phone 5 — the ability to beam files such as pictures and videos directly from one phone to another by just tapping the devices together.
To be sure, Apple, by not including such cutting-edge features, is simply going by its playbook. While the company has a reputation for being an innovator, its real genius has typically been to take innovations that are pioneered by others and find a way to redesign and market them so they appeal to a mass audience.
And while the innovations that Apple is bringing to the iPhone 5 aren't new, they are new to iPhone users, notes Creative Strategies analyst Ben Bajarin. For consumers who wouldn't consider an Android or Windows Phone device, the new features in the iPhone 5 will be much appreciated.
But it's not just at the cutting-edge where the iPhone is falling behind. It lacks other features that, simply put, should have been baked in a long time ago.
For example, the new iPhone still won't let you quickly change common settings, such as switching on the Wi-Fi or Bluetooth antennas. Years ago, Palm's webOS devices let you change such settings by tapping on an icon in the notification bar atop the screen from within any application. On many Android devices, you can do the same by tapping buttons found by pulling down on their notification bars.
On the iPhone, you have to find its setting app and frequently drill down within its menus to find the appropriate button.
Likewise, Android devices have long allowed users to run small programs called widgets on their home screens to get information such as the weather, sports scores or stock quotes without having to launch a browser or a full-screen app. Apple actually helped pioneer widgets on its Mac computers but for some reason still won't let you run them on the iPhone.
Maybe the new iPhone's big, new screen will help hide the ways it doesn't measure up to its rivals. But I'm guessing even Apple lovers will notice sooner or later.


DVD Expert is a quick database filter program which allows you to run extremely fast searches on previously downloaded item databases.
Browsing through 1000's of titles can be confusing, you don't always get to see the movies you want, searching can be time consuming, going from page to page to page . . .
With this tool you can download the entire catalog in a one session and then run any search you desire on it off-line. With the advanced filtering you can view just the items you want, nothing more. Furthermore, you have the option to export the data you find to either a text or HTML format. This allows for fast site updates with relative data.
No installation is required, simply extract the ZIP archive using any extraction software (such as WinZip) and run the EXE file.


In this revised and updated edition of The Dirt Doctor's Guide to Organic Gardening, Howard Garrett uses a question-and-answer format to present a wealth of new information on organic gardening, landscaping, pest control, and natural living.
Howard Garrett is a landscape architect, certified arborist, horticulturist, and organic practitioner in Dallas, Texas. He promotes his organic gardening program, The Natural Way, through his WBAP radio and Channel 8 TV shows, weekly column in the Dallas Morning News, monthly Dirt Doctor's Dirt magazine, and regional and national speaking engagements.
There are many reasons to go organic and stop using synthetic toxic pesticides and high-nitrogen artificial salt fertilizers, but here are the ten most important reasons.
1. The organic program improves health. Organic fertilizers, soil amendments, and pest control products improve the health of the microscopic life in the soil, the earthworms, the roots of plants, the top growth, and the overall production of plants. In addition, you, your family, and your pets don't have to be exposed to toxic chemical poisons. The organic method works within nature's laws and systems and is nontoxic to beneficial insects, birds, lizards, frogs, toads, earthworms, and other life. Pets and humans can be added to the list. Even the manufacturers of the toxic chemicals admit—in fact, brag about—the fact that their products kill all the bugs. That's right—they can't tell the difference between the good and the bad bugs.
2. The organic program is cost effective. Any project can be converted from toxics to organics at the same budget, but what is more important is that the costs are reduced every year in an organic program. Each year fewer sprayings for pests are needed, fewer dead plants have to be replaced, and plant production continues to increase. And what price do you put on your pets' health and your health? Beds never have to be removed and redone, as is often the case under chemical programs. Under an organic program, the soil gets better and better forever—just as the forest floor and the tall prairie grass do.
3. Organic programs save time. Because of the healthy soil, less irrigation is needed, less fertilizer is needed, and less frequent replacing of diseased and dead plants is needed. Doing these things less often saves time compared to the recommended synthetic schedule. Another time convenience is that the timing of the organic applications is not as critical. The season's first fertilization can go down whenever time allows after the first of the year; the second, whenever time allows in late spring to early summer, and the third, whenever time allows in the late summer through fall. Since the organic fertilizers aren't soluble, they can be broadcast basically anytime. The nutrients become available to the plant roots when the temperature and moisture conditions are right for the feeding of soil microbes. In the meantime, they stay in place and behave themselves.
4. Organic programs result in sick and insect-infested plants less often. When adapted plants are chosen and planted correctly in the proper place, they have few pests and require little care. High-nitrogen synthetic salt fertilizers and toxic pesticides are problem creators. They lead to more pest problems than anything else, partly because of the destruction of beneficial microbes and insects, but more importantly because of the weak, watery cells created by the fake fertilizers. Organic fertilizers and organic pest control techniques are problem solvers. They concentrate on stimulating health rather than on fast production.
5. Organic programs provide greater summer heat tolerance. Plants growing in soil that is rich in compost, rock minerals, and beneficial living organisms have a greater resistance to all stresses, including severe heat stress. Trace minerals are an important part of this stress tolerance. They are abundant and available to plants in an organic program. Organically grown plants have larger and more efficient root systems. The root systems respond even more than the top growth does, and they are the key to healthy plants.
6. Organic programs provide greater cold tolerance. When the proper balance of organic matter, mineral nutrients, air, and living organisms is present in the soil, ornamental plants and food crops have a greater concentration of complex carbohydrates, or sugars, and these sugars create a natural antifreeze effect. Trace minerals again are a very important factor here. Many Texas organic growers have personally experienced these benefits. Freeze damage occurs on organically grown plants at a temperature significantly lower than on plants artificially grown.
7. Organically grown fruits, vegetables, and herbs taste better. The increased trace minerals and complex sugars in organically grown plants increase their taste. Taste is directly related to the health and nutrition of the food. So-called experts will argue this and other points of mine, but they are wrong. There's a very easy test. Eat fruits and vegetables grown both ways and see which you like better. Also, the use of toxic poisons eliminates, or should eliminate, the use of many foods and herbs. The best example is the rose. If you are not spraying poisons and dousing the surrounding soil with toxic synthetics, the petals are edible and are delicious in salads and teas, and the hips, which are the rose fruits, are delicious in teas and one of the best sources of natural vitamin C.
8. Organic programs improve the environment. Unlike synthetic fertilization, organic programs don't cause excess nitrogen to volatilize into the atmosphere nor soluble nutrients to leach through the soil and into the water stream. Organic fertilizers stimulate beneficial microorganisms, which very effectively clean up contaminations such as pesticides, excess mineral salts, and heavy metals in the soil. Leaching is reduced to almost nil, and no one has to breathe the fumes or otherwise come in contact with the toxic materials.
9. Organic programs recycle valuable natural resources. All once-living materials are rotted through composting and mulching and recycled back into the soil to build humus and trace minerals. Grass clippings are left on the turf, leaves are left as mulch in beds, tree trimmings are turned into mulch, and animal manures are composted to become important fertilizers. Under the synthetic programs, these valuable resources are often taken to landfills.
10. Organics is more fun. It's really no fun to spill toxic poisons all over yourself, breathe the fumes, or have to deal with the contaminated containers and residues. Under an organic program, the ease of application, the great diversity of life that's experienced, and the successful production of plants truly create some of life's great pleasures.
One of the most common questions I get relates to getting started. It usually goes something like this: "I've tried Texas A&M's chemical approach, and it isn't working. I'm ready to give the Natural Way a try. How do I start?" Here's how to make the conversion.
Step 1: Stop using all synthetic fertilizers and pesticides.
Step 2: Start recycling organic matter, building soil health with organic products, composting, and mulching.
Step 3: Use native plants and well-adapted introductions.
For those of you who are new to the Natural Way of thinking and for those of you who are veterans, here's an update on the Basic Organic Program, or the BOP for short. The more we learn, the simpler it gets.
Planting well-adapted plants is the most important step. Unless you select adapted plants, it doesn't matter whether your program is organic or toxic. The best choices are the na tives, but the well-adapted introductions and naturalized plants are also good.
Healthy gardens, farms, and ranches need a mix of plants and animals. Monocultures of plants are often very productive for a while, but later succumb to insects and diseases. Examples include the Irish potato blight, Dutch elm disease, and, more recently, oak wilt here in Texas. Monocultures lack the genetic diversity to respond to changing environmental threats and thus become sitting ducks for parasites, predators, and pathogens. Stop using all products that do damage to the life in the soil. Encourage life instead.
Use compost, earthworm castings, and organic fertilizers to build the organic matter or humus in the soil. Mulch all plantings. Maintain an organic mulch layer on the bare soil year round. Avoid all synthetic fertilizers that contain no organic matter.
Balance the minerals in the soil by applying rock powders or sands that provide the major nutrients and trace minerals needed by plants to be healthy. Volcanic rock materials are es pecially important because they provide much more than minerals. The best choices include lava sand, Texas greensand, soft rock phosphate, granite sand, zeolite, basalt, and natural diatomaceous earth.
Prepare beds for ornamentals or food crops by scraping away existing grass and weeds. Toss the material into the compost pile. Spraying a herbicide first is an unnecessary, contam inating waste of money and time. Next add a 4-6-inch layer of compost, lava sand, or other volcanic material at 40-80 pounds per 1,000 square feet, organic fertilizer at 20 pounds per 1,000 square feet, wheat/corn/molasses amendment at 30 pounds per 1,000 square feet and till to a depth of 3 inches into the native soil. Excavation and additional ingredients such as concrete sand, peat moss, foreign soil, and pine bark should not be used. They are a waste of money and can hinder plant growth. More compost is needed for shrubs and flowers than for ground covers. Add Texas greensand at 40-80 pounds per 1,000 square feet to black and white soils and high-calcium lime at 50-100 pounds per 1,000 square feet to acid soils. Decomposed granite is an effective amendment for most soils. It can be used up to 100 pounds per 1,000 square feet.
Remove container-grown plants from their pots, rake the loose soil off the top of the ball, and set the plants in the new beds at a level slightly higher than the surrounding grade. Remove the cloth and excess soil from the top of balled and burlapped plants.
Mulch all shrubs, trees, ground covers, and food crops with 2-5 inches of shredded native tree trimmings to protect the soil from sunlight, wind, and rain; inhibit weed germination; decrease watering needs; and mediate soil temperature. Other natural mulches can be used, but avoid Bermudagrass hay because of possible herbicide residue.
Apply organic fertilizer 2-3 times per year. Foliar-feed during the growing season by spraying turf, tree, and shrub foliage; trunks; limbs; and soil at least monthly with Garrett juice or other organic blends. Add volcanic sand such as lava sand, dry molasses, and humate to the soil the first few years.
Water only as necessary. The organic program will reduce the frequency and volume needed. Add a tablespoon of apple cider vinegar per gallon when watering pots. Do as often as time permits. Use 1 ounce of liquid humate per gallon of water in areas with acid soils and water.
Hand pull large weeds and work on soil health for overall control. Mulch all bare soil. Avoid synthetic herbicides, such as pre-emergents, broadleaf treatments, soil sterilants, and especially the SU (sulfonylurea) herbicides such as Manage and Oust, as well as Picloram and Clopyralid products. Spray broadleaf weeds as a last resort with full-strength vinegar with 2 ounces orange oil and 1 teaspoon of liquid soap or remove weeds by hand. Several commercial organic herbicides are now available, including Garden-Ville Organic Weed Control, Weed Eraser, Burn Out, and others. Some of these products contained diluted glacial acetic acid in the past. Use only products that contain natural vinegar or vinegar made from ethyl alcohol.
Remove dead, diseased, and conflicting limbs. Do not overprune or make flush cuts. Leave the branch collars intact, and do not paint cuts except on red oaks and live oaks in oak-wilt areas when spring pruning can't be avoided. Remember that pruning cuts hurt trees. For the most part, pruning is done for your benefit, not for the benefit of the trees.
Compost, nature's own living fertilizer, can be made at home or purchased ready to use. Compost can be started any time of the year in sun or shade, and its ingredients can include anything that was once living—grass clippings, tree trimmings, food scraps, bark, sawdust, rice hulls, weeds, nut hulls, animal manure, and the carcasses of animals. Mix the ingredients together and simply pile the material on the ground. See the "Compost" chapter for further information.
Manure compost tea is an effective foliar spray because of its many mineral nutrients and naturally occurring microorganisms. Fill any container half full of compost and finish filling with water. Let the mix sit a few days and then dilute and spray on the foliage of any and all plants. Pumping air into the tea with a simple aquarium pump increases its power. How to dilute the dark compost tea before using depends on the compost used. A rule of thumb is to dilute the leachate down to one part compost liquid to 4-10 parts water. The ready-to-use spray should look like iced tea. Be sure to strain the solids out with old pantyhose, cheesecloth, or floating row-cover material. Full-strength tea makes an excellent fire ant mound drench when mixed with 2 ounces molasses and 2 ounces orange oil per gallon. Add vinegar, molasses, and seaweed to compost tea to make Garrett Juice.
Aphids, spider mites, whiteflies, and lacebugs: Release ladybugs and green lacewings regularly until natural populations exist. Spray Garrett juice or garlic-pepper tea. Use strong water blasts for heavy infestations. Caterpillars and bagworms: Release trichogramma wasps. Spray Garrett Juice plus 2 ounces orange oil per gallon. Spray Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) with 1 ounce molasses per gallon of spray as a last resort. Fire ants: Drench mounds with Garrett juice plus orange oil, release beneficial nematodes, and go totally organic. Grasshoppers: Eliminate bare soil, apply beneficial nematodes, broadcast Nolo Bait for the young nymphs, and spray kaolin clay particle film if needed. Encourage biodiversity and feed the birds regularly. Grubworms: Beneficial nematodes and general soil health are the primary controls. Mosquitoes: Broadcast cedar flakes and use cedar mulch. Use Bacillus thuringiensis 'Israelensis' (Bti) for larvae in standing water that can't be drained. Spray orange-oil-based products or garlic-pepper tea for adult insects. Do not use toxic chemicals such as pyrethrins, pyrethroids, or DEET. Lavender, vanilla, citronella, and eucalyptus also repel mosquito adults. Slugs, snails, fleas, ticks, chinch bugs, roaches, crickets: Spray or dust natural diatomaceous earth products and broadcast cedar flakes and crushed red pepper. Orange-oil-based products also kill these pests. Research now shows that instant coffee at 1 ounce per gallon of spray is effective. For more details on pest control, check out the Texas Bug Book.
For black spot, brown patch, powdery mildew, and other fungal problems, the best control is prevention through soil improvement, avoidance of high-nitrogen fertilizers, and proper watering. Spray Garrett Juice plus garlic, potassium bicarbonate, milk, or neem. Treat soil with horticultural cornmeal at about 20 pounds per 1,000 square feet. Organic gardens have few disease problems, but these natural techniques work well. Plants can also be sprayed with corn juice, which is made by soaking cornmeal in water (put the cornmeal in old nylon hose to keep the larger particles from the juice). The commonly recommended synthetic neurotoxins like Terrachlor, Daconil, Bayleton, and Funginex have no place in today's horticulture and agriculture.
In a blender with water, liquefy 2 bulbs of garlic and 2 cayenne or habanero peppers. Strain away the solids. Pour the garlic-pepper juice into a 1-gallon container. Fill the remaining volume with water to make 1 gallon of concentrate. Shake well before using and add 1/4 cup of the concentrate to each gallon of water in the sprayer. To make garlic tea, simply omit the pepper and add another bulb of garlic. For additional power, add 1 ounce of seaweed and molasses to each gallon. Always use plastic containers with loose-fitting lids for storage.
For one of the best foliar sprays and soil drenches, mix the following per gallon of water: 1 cup of compost tea or liquid humate, 1 ounce liquid seaweed, 1 ounce blackstrap or any dark molasses, 1 ounce apple cider vinegar. To make a mild insect-control product, add 1 ounce citrus oil per gallon of spray. To make the fire ant killer, add 2 ounces citrus oil per gallon. When spraying the foliage of plants, don't use over 2 ounces citrus oil per gallon of spray. This mixture also works as a soil-detoxification product if you are just starting your organic program.
The above is a simplified version of the overall plan, but it should be helpful in giving you a good starting point. More details on each point are found further in the book.
Welcome aboard. I'm sure you will enjoy learning the Natural Way.
Organic gardening is not just a matter of using different kinds of fertilizers and pesticides. Changing from Orthene, diazinon, Dursban, and Sevin to diatomaceous earth, garlic, hot pepper, and citrus oil is not the main objective. Neither is changing from Peters 20-20-20, Miracle-Gro, ammonium sulfate, and other high-nitrogen synthetics to cottonseed meal, manure compost, seaweed, molasses, and bat guano. More than just switching products, the organic method requires a complete change of attitude and a completely different thought process.
The synthetic chemical approach deals only with the chemistry of the soil. In so doing, it basically ignores the two other major pieces of the puzzle—physics and biology. Physics relates to the physical structure, texture, aeration, and drainage of the soil. Biology relates to the living organisms in the soil—the insects, microbes, and earthworms. Healthy soil must have a balance of chemistry, physics, and biology. Whatever is done to any of the three factors affects the other two. The chemical fertilizer approach doesn't even handle the chemistry properly because the synthetic fertilizers lack carbon and any useful amount of trace minerals. In addition, the physics and biology are completely ignored. If the chemistry is properly improved by using balanced fertilizer, the physics and biology will immediately improve. Improve the physics by aerating, and the biology and chemistry will improve. Improve the biology by adding biostimulants or actual living organism products, and the physics and chemistry start improving immediately.
The chemistry, physics, and biology of the soil are directly related, and it's extremely important that they be functioning properly. How do you use this knowledge effectively or apply this simple thought model? Ask yourself this question: If I use this product, fertilizer, soil amendment, or stimulant, will it benefit or hurt the earthworms? If only those products that benefit the living organisms are used, the soil fertility will improve with every application, and nature will balance the chemistry, physics, and biology for you.
The only testing lab in Texas that provides information on what nutrients are actually available to plants is Texas Plant and Soil Lab in Edinburg: 956-383-0739, www.txplant-soillab.com. Other labs use harsh acids to break down the soil into its basic elements. These tests offer no help on what nutrients are available. It is also the only testing lab to give organic fertilizing recommendations as a standard procedure.


Architect, researcher. He is graduated from Städelschule Architecture Class. He lives and produces between Berlin and Istanbul. He is one of the co-founder of Architecture for All, based in Istanbul. His research areas include commoning practices, landforms and spatial practices in conflict areas. Currently he collaborates actively with Studio Tomàs Saraceno on the development of exhibitions. He is one of the associate curator of the Vardiya / the Shift project at 16th International Architecture Exhibition La Biennale Di Venezia Pavilion Of Turkey.


Cameron Engineering provided an engineering report with recommendations and proposed construction budget costs and design and construction administration services for the Building Management System (BMS) at 3 World Financial Center. The existing system is antiquated and lacking in functional capacity. The goal of the report and the design was to review the existing (BMS) system and develop a scope of work and recommendations.
The recommendations were developed through field survey(s) and review of the existing system components. Existing riser and (BMS) wiring will be surveyed and it is anticipated non web-based system hardware with an open Protocol (BMS) System will be recommended. In conjunction with the project budget and construction approach a review of the Con Edison Rebate Program will be included. The lighting control strategy for the building will also be reviewed. The lighting controls can be incorporated into the (BMS) system modifications to existing lighting control hardware. This review of field modifications will also incorporate recommendation for lighting ballast replacement.
The Firm was the Engineer of Record responsible for MEP design and commissioning for new 334,000 sf, 12-story headquarters for a biotech company.
Design. Construction of the building's mechanical systems and architectural design are environmentally responsible and responsive, including a Building Automation System (BAS) whose sensors respond to changes in outdoor and interior environments. The BAS monitors roof-mounted heliostats and prismatic louvers to redirect sunlight into the atrium, in addition to exhaust fans and fire control panels. Off-site steam powers the central HVAC system, whose chillers use lithium bromide instead of HFC refrigerant.
Construction was completed in 2007. Extensive BMS consistent with LEED Platinum Rating.
Jewish Home Lifecare plans to construct a new nursing facility located at 125 W. 97th Street on Manhattan's Upper West Side. The new building will replace the current building located at 120 W. 106th Street. MEP and fire protection design services for a $170 million, 22-story, 390,000 sf., assisted living facility. The facility has 11 floors for assisted living, four floors for acute care, two floors of office space three floors of support space, and one floor for adult daycare. Additional spaces include pharmacy, morgue and a chapel.
Currently in design, the building is targeting a LEED Silver certification. The entire project is designed using 2014 Autodesk Revit latest BIM software in collaboration with the Architect, Structural and Civil Engineers. Some of the design highlights include a 1,200 ton cooling tower feeding individual vertical stack units at each resident room, capable of providing simultaneous heating and cooling on an individually selected comfort control. The building is also served with stair pressurization and smoke purge as well as an ERV system utilizing bathroom exhaust to provide maximum transfer efficiencies. Fire protection is provided throughout the building which includes wet and dry pipe systems and pre-action sprinkler systems as required and served by two (2) 15,000 gallon house tanks for domestic water and fire reserve.
The building is also backed up with a 1.25 megawatt diesel generator with a continuous 96 hour capacity and 10,000 gallon fuel reserve. Cameron Engineering is also providing energy modeling support services as well as Fundamental LEED Commissioning services and a commensurate BMS for control.


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Q: Fade in, Fade out Divs I'm trying to build a webpage that is essentially one page, but with four 'hidden' divs that will fade in and out of visibility when you click on menu buttons along the bottom.
I would like to put a 'close' button at the top of each of these divs so you can 'close' that div - but it would be great if the div still faded out on its own when a new menu item is clicked. So far I've created the div boxes and the links using css and html, but I'm an absolute newbie when it comes to javascript. Here's the code I have so far
HTML:

     Portfolio  |  About Me  |  Education |  Contact

`

(NOTE: I only put google as the link target because I didn't know what else to put).
CSS:
.aboutmewindow
{
    width:583px;
    height:557px;
    border-bottom-style:dashed;
    position:absolute;
    top:0px;
    z-index:2;
}

.portfoliowindow
{
    width:583px;
    height:557px;
    border-bottom-style:dashed;
    position:absolute;
    top:0px;
    z-index:2;
}

.educationwindow
{
    width:583px;
    height:557px;
    border-bottom-style:dashed;
    position:absolute;
    top:0px;
    z-index:2;
}

.contactwindow
{
    width:583px;
    height:557px;
    border-bottom-style:dashed;
    position:absolute;
    top:0px;
    z-index:2;
}`

I've tried writing a little bit of the javascript on my own, but it's seriously out of my depth at this point. I'm going to keep going through tutorials though, so hopefully I'll get the hang of it.
Anyone have any suggestions? Or good tutorials?
Thanks!

A: you can try this its a simple example but without all your markup and code you can get the idea .. requires jQuery
http://jsfiddle.net/YnzRV/9/
$(function(){

    $("#main > .box").not(":first").hide();

    $(".menu").on("click", "a", function(){

        var $this = $(this),
            dataBox = $this.data("box");

        $("#main > .box").hide();
        $("."+dataBox).fadeIn(400);

        return false;
    });

});

if you check the jsfiddle you will see how i added data attributes that get passed through the click handler to tell it which div to show using the data attributes

A: You can use fadeIn() or fadeOut().
Use it like this:
$('selector').fadeIn(); // you can use time in ms, inside ()

Similarly, you can use fadeOut too. But keep in mind, that you have the latest version of jQuery linked to your web page.
Links:
http://jquery.com

A: This is a slightly outdated (August, 2012) tutorial showing you the HTML, CSS, and JavaScript required to fade elements in, fade them out, and fade them to a specific opacity.
http://www.mkyong.com/jquery/jquery-fadein-fadeout-and-fadeto-example/
You're essentially trying to learn about the following:

*

*.fadeIn()

*.fadeOut()

*.fadeTo()

*jQuery's .click() handler

*jQuery's .on() handler

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I recently downgraded my HP 15-r209ni Notebook from Windows 8 to Windows 7. Only Windows 8 drivers are listed under the support page, but they all seemed to install and work just fine. The only problem is that my USB ports don't work after Windows loads up. There aren't any drivers under the support page and Windows Update can't find them, nor can several driver update programs - It's just listed as an unknown Universal Serial Bus (USB) Controller under the Device Manager.
Any idea where I might be able to get those drivers?
Thank you for visiting the HP Support Forums and Welcome. It is a great site for information and questions. I have looked into your issue about needing HP Notebook - 15-r209ni Windows 7 USB drivers.
As this system came with Windows 8, downgrading could be challenging. Some of the drivers are not available for Windows 7 systems and you would be missing some of the special features. Here is a link for you to understand your downgrade rights.
You had said "There aren't any drivers under the support page and Windows Update can't find them, nor can several driver update programs".
Which update programs have you used?
How many devices are you trying to connect?
What are you trying to connect via USB?
Did you happen to try using the HP Support Assistant?
Here is a link to the HP Support Assistant if you have not tried it yet. Just download and run the application and it will help with the software and drivers on your system that need updating. It should pull in the most compatible driver for you on Windows 7.
Connect the device and wait 5 seconds.
If the device does not show up, try connecting to a different USB port.
If the USB device displays in Device Manager after connecting the cable to a different port, then uninstall and reinstall the USB device software driver.
If the device is not recognized in any port, disconnect it and go to the next step.
Click Power Properties (if it is shown).
Devices that are attached to the hub are shown, as well as the power that they require. If the total displayed power is over 500 mA, remove the devices and use a powered hub.
Continue looking at the power properties of each USB hub. If the total Power Required exceeds the Total power available for the hub, then remove a device on that hub to lower the Power Required number.
Connect the device and wait 5 seconds. If the device is not recognized, disconnect it and go to the next step.
Please Note; remove high-speed USB cables that are over 3 m (9.8 ft) in length and use high-speed cables that are shorter than 3 m.
You could also try to use the Microsoft Fix it tool. Here is the link for the Microsoft Fix it Solution Center.
When we have come to a resolution, please share what worked for you with others by marking this post as an Accepted Solution. If you would like to show your appreciation for my efforts today, please take a second to click the Thumbs Up button below.
Please re-post and let me know the detailed results of all the troubleshooting steps in this post.


The UAB LEAH Program is housed in the Division of Adolescent Medicine. UAB LEAH is committed to improving the health status of adolescents, particularly those in the southeastern region of the U.S through its interdisciplinary leadership education of adolescent health professionals in a model center of excellence in training, research and service that is adolescent-centered/family-involved, culturally competent and community-based.
The UAB LEAH has designed a comprehensive core of clinical, didactic, research and experiential curricula for short-term, intermediate, and long trainees/fellows in the following disciplines: medicine, nursing, nutrition, psychology, and social work. UAB provides a supportive environment which values and utilizes the skills and expertise of each team member as well as provides for mutual respect to arrive at outcome-driven joint decisions (ex: joint policy papers, LEAH classes/case conferences, MCH Leadership Network seminars, joint presentations, Children's Policy Councils). The curriculum also provides for shared leadership, incorporating accountability and responsibility for outcomes (ex. shared case coordination, LEAH clinics, developing training for adolescent coordinators/school nurses and adolescent health continuing education events).
UAB has a strong commitment to recruitment of underrepresented minorities to the field of maternal and child health. With technical assistance from MCHB, the UAB Collaborative of MCH-funded programs developed a recruitment brochure and resource inventory to engage more minority undergraduate students in MCH-related activities. The Collaborative sponsors an annual reception for minority students participating in the UAB Minority Health and Health Disparity Research Center's Summer Enrichment Program, the School of Medicine's Summer Health Enrichment Program. UAB LEAH faculty also are actively involved in the Pipeline Program at Alabama State University (a Historically Black College/University).
UAB has a very active and productive research environment. The University ranks 27th among academic institutions in federal research funding and 20th in the NIH funding. LEAH faculty are actively engaged in research in issues such as adolescent overweight and obesity, high risk sexual behaviors, delinquency, complementary medicine, child and family adjustment, and HIV/AIDS and CMV clinical trials. Faculty are funded by NIH, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Alabama Department of Public Health, and industry.
UAB LEAH faculty are also involved in policy research and development on issues such as adolescent preventive health care, nutrition and physical activity and sexual health. UAB Faculty provide topical expertise for Bright Futures Guidelines for Health Supervision, the Alabama Obesity Task Force, Alabama STD Advisory Council, Alabama Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, and local Children's Policy Councils.
The LEAH Clinic is an interdisciplinary clinic in Adolescent Health at Children's of Alabama that specializes in the evaluation and treatment of adolescents and young adults ages 11-21 with complex medical-psychosocial needs. The clinic is staffed by LEAH trainees and UAB faculty.
The Adolescent Health Center at Children's of Alabama is named after the late Dr. William A. Daniel Jr, (1914-1998). Dr. Daniel was the founder of the UAB Division of Adolescent Medicine and one of the originators of the subspecialty of adolescent medicine. At the center more than 1200 teenagers and young adults are seen each year by a team of health professionals (physicians, nurses, nutritionists, and psychologists and social workers) specially trained to handle their unique problems.
The Family Clinic, located at Children's of Alabama, is dedicated to addressing the needs of HIV/AIDS-infected children and their families through coordinated medical and psycho-social care. The Family Clinic strives to provide comprehensive, coordinated, and multidisciplinary care through access to primary health care with population-specific providers, pediatric clinical trials and research, and family and community education.
The Eating Disorder Clinic specializes in the medical and nutritional care of adolescents and young adults with disordered eating, including anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Patients are evaluated by an Adolescent trained physician and dietician. They work closely with each patient's psychotherapist to provide a comprehensive team approach for treatment. The clinic also provides diagnostic consultation for patients with unexplained weight loss, vomiting, or abdominal pain.
The Adolescent Nutrition Clinic specializes in nutrition counseling for adolescents. Registered Dietitians provide nutrition assessments and counseling to teens and families. Adolescents are seen for a variety of nutritional concerns including the following: Sports nutrition; Weight management (weight loss or weight gain); Healthy eating; Anemia; and Elevated blood lipid levels (cholesterol, triglycerides).
Juvenile Correctional Care services are provided by UAB LEAH faculty at facilities in Jefferson and Tuscaloosa counties. Our faculty provide medical services, mental health screenings and counseling, nutrition consultation, reproductive health education counseling and STI testing.
The Children's Center for Weight Management is a comprehensive center designed to address the needs of one of Alabama's most common health issues for children and adolescents – childhood obesity. Although many children and adolescents who are overweight are not physical ill, being overweight puts them at risk for more serious long term health issues, such as diabetes and high blood pressure, as well as psychosocial difficulties (e.g. peer teasing, depression). The Children's Center for Weight Management can assist youth who are overweight and their families in establishing healthy habits to achieve their overall goals through a variety of services.
The Adolescent Reproductive Endocrinology Clinic is currently being established. This clinic will address issues such as the management of polycystic ovarian syndrome, irregular menstrual periods, and dysmenorrhea.
LEAH faculty partner with the Birmingham Mayor's Office in its initiative to address the health and wellness of area youth. Faculty provide assistance and guidance with events such as health fairs, health forums, and media outreach.
Camp SHINE is an overnight camp for current and new patients of Children's Center for Weight Management. Campers age 12-15 learn healthy eating habits while preparing meals. They also have opportunities to participate in swimming, canoeing, hiking, arts and crafts, dance and many more activities. At Camp Shine, participants enjoy a week of fun while learning how to become healthy. Our goal is to address the nutritional, activity and emotional needs of overweight kids in a fun and supportive environment.
Healthy Eating Active Living (HEAL)© is a program that is designed to promote healthy eating behaviors and physical activity through a school based curriculum housed in the physical education in grades 3-6. The goals of the program are to improve the physical fitness and nutritional intakes and increase the nutrition and exercise knowledge in students through the use of the HEAL© curriculum over a one-year academic school term. HEAL© offers a cutting edge curriculum which is both educational and performance based. The curriculum exceeds all the state standards for Physical Education and at the same times requires students to move continuously in their cardiovascular target heart rate zone (65%-80% of maximum). With the heart rate monitors, teachers are able to accurately determine if each child is in their cardiovascular exercise zone. The heart rate monitors offer an even playing field for each child no matter the level of physical condition, including children with special health care needs. The monitors also allow the teachers to quantify each child's cardiovascular improvement. Results have shown that students in HEAL schools have significantly improved fitness, improved knowledge scores and decreases in BMI over control schools not involved with HEAL.
UAB LEAH is engaged in distance learning with the University of Alabama through the Rural Health Institute for Clinical and Translational Science. This project provides technical assistance, education, and clinical consultation to rural practitioners in Alabama.
Partnering with the Alabama Public Health Training Center, UAB LEAH develops programs that strengthen the technical, scientific, managerial, and leadership competence of the current public health workforce in Alabama and Mississippi. Training and education programs developed by the AL PHTC and LEAH are competency-based, grounded in core public health functions and Essential Public Health Services, and designed to improve the capacity of the public health workforce, including those in community-based organizations providing public health services in underserved areas. Training and education programs are tailored for specific target audiences and delivered through distance education technologies and on-site programs.
Through its collaborative relationships with other area MCHB-funded projects such as those of the Alabama MCH Leadership Network, the Alabama State University (ASU) Pipeline Training Program, and MCH Title V partners, the UAB LEAH Project will meet the needs of the underserved populations of the South by training emerging leaders in adolescent health in the core disciplines of medicine, psychology, nursing, nutrition, and social work.


Audi last November presented their new plant that produces e-diesel and recently the factory produced the first liters of the innovative fuel, with the Minister of Education and Research of Germany, Prof. Dr. Johanna Wanka, pouring the first 5 liters produced in the gas tank of an Audi A8 3.0 TDI.
This synthetic fuel produced from CO2, is a huge success for the sustainability research. If we make extensive use of CO2 as a raw material, it will decisively contribute to climate protection and efficient use of resources and it will set out the basic principles of "green economy".
The e-diesel production process is quite complicated, with Audi saying that they take carbon dioxide from water, while in an another part of the plant, an electrolysis unit separates the water into hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen reacts with carbon dioxide in a process conducted at 220 °C and a pressure of about 25 bar to create a fluid consisting of hydrocarbon compounds called "Blue Crude".
The plant can produce up to 160 liters of Blue Crude per day and nearly 80% of it can be converted into synthetic diesel, known as e-diesel.


Rent a Dumpster in Beallsville Now!
Simply give us a call and we will answer any questions you may have about the Beallsville dumpster rental procedure, allowed materials, size you may need, etc.
Our roll off containers can usually be delivered in Beallsville the day after you place your order. Make sure to call us early to ensure timely delivery.
Dumpster rental businesses that charge flat rates are frequently the very best alternatives for contractors and home owners. When you make use of a company that bills a flat rate, you can expect at least two benefits.
Paying a flat rate generally means that you simply get to prevent any hidden fees and costs. Firms that don't charge flat fees may include additional costs for basic services like dropping off the dumpster. Keep in your mind, however, that you still may have to pay extra in case you wish to include particular items and materials in the dumpster.
Having a flat rate also means you can prepare your payment in advance. This is particularly useful when you need someone else to make the payment for you. When you understand the precise quantity, you can write a check ahead of time. Then, anyone can pay the rental company when its driver drops off the dumpster.
Renting a 40 yard dumpster can get you a container that holds about 40 cubic yards of waste. Dumpster sizes and dimensions are not totally normal from company to company, but common measurements for a 40 yard container are 22 feet long by 8 feet wide by 8 feet high. This is the biggest size that a lot of dumpster businesses usually rent, so it is ideal for large residential projects as well as for commercial and industrial use.
Picking the best dumpster for your project is an important aspect of in Beallsville. Should you choose a dumpster that's too small, you will not have enough room for your debris and waste, which means you will have to schedule extra trips. In the event that you select one that's too large, you will save time, but you will squander money.
Should you call a firm in Beallsville and describe the job for which you want a dumpster, they can recommend the best size. Their years of experience mean they generally get it just about right. A 10-yard dumpster generally functions well for medium-sized clean-up projects and modest remodeling jobs. A 20-yard dumpster is the best choice for big residence clean-up projects and medium-sized renovation projects, while a 30-yard dumpster has higher walls that are ideal for a house cleanout or remodeling jobs on a sizable house. 40-yard dumpsters are massively big and are used just on the biggest projects such as new construction.
Most residential areas allow roll-off dumpsters. If you own a driveway, then you can usually park the dumpster there so you really do not annoy your neighbors or cause traffic issues by putting it upon the street.
Some projects, however, will require setting the dumpster on the road. If it applies to you personally, then you definitely must talk to your city to discover whether you have to get any licenses before renting the dumpster. In most cases, cities allow you to keep a dumpster on a residential street for a brief amount of time. In case you believe you'll need to be sure that it stays to the street for several weeks or months, though, you may need to get a permit.
Contacting your local licenses and licensing office is usually advisable. Even if it's an unnecessary precaution, at least you'll know that you're following the law.
As with any service, it's always an excellent strategy to reserve your dumpster as far ahead as you possibly can in order to ensure the dumpster will be available when you require it. Should you wait until the very last minute, there is no promise the company will likely have the ability to fill your order.
Two or three days notice is generally adequate to ensure your dumpster delivery punctually. Remember the most active days have a tendency to be on Mondays and Fridays (encompassing the weekend), so if you can organize your mission for the middle of the week, you've got a better opportunity of finding the dumpster you'll need.
In case you find out you want a dumpster the following day or even the same day, please go ahead and call the firm. Should they have what you need, they'll definitely make arrangements to get it to you as soon as possible.
Dumpster rental firms generally have set costs, but the fine art of negotiation is constantly in play. If you would like to dicker on the purchase price, call around to other firms first so you understand what the going rental rate is. When you are speaking to the company you need to utilize, just mention other costs that are better than theirs. Some firms will not just match that lower price, they are going to really surpass it to suit their customers.
You may also ask about discounts when you are renting a dumpster in Beallsville. Some firms will supply special discounts to active members of the military, veterans, seniors, members of the local Chamber of Commerce and much more. It never hurts to ask; you can sometimes save up to 10 percent or more with this system.
You may also save on the price by asking about the simplest way to avert added expenses (such as tipping fees or overage charges) and making sure you order the right size container; you don't want to pay for more container than you really desire.
Dumpster totes may offer an option to roll of dumpsters. Whether this option works well for you, though, will depend on your job. Consider these pros and cons before you pick a disposal option that works for you.
It's hard to overcome a roll off dumpster when you've got a sizable undertaking that'll create a great deal of debris. Most rental companies include dropping off and picking up the dumpster in the prices, so you could avoid additional fees. Roll off dumpsters typically have time limitations because firms need to get them back for other customers. This is a possible drawback if you aren't great at meeting deadlines.
Dumpster totes in many cases are suitable for small occupations with free deadlines. In the event you do not want a lot of room for debris, then the bags could work nicely for you. Many companies are also pleased to let you keep the totes for as long as you want. That makes them useful for longer jobs.
All major credit cards accepted for dumpster rentals in Beallsville.


A'lana joined the KGH Foundation Board in 2013 and sits on the Finance Committee.
In January 2013, A'Lana became an associate partner in the Crowe MacKay LLP client services group. Before relocating to the Okanagan in 2005, A'Lana was a manager with a national office in Prince George, BC. A'Lana provides corporate and personal tax compliance services and has been involved in corporate re-organizations and planning strategies, as well as personal tax planning with a focus on privately held businesses. A'lana is a Certified Management Accountant (CMA), CICA In-Depth Tax Program, Business. Additionally, she has a diploma in Administration in Accounting and Finance from College of New Caledonia.
Outside of a busy professional life, A'lana serves a director for the Kelowna Apple Triathlon Society. She also belongs to the Rotary Club of Kelowna.