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Medicine and the Community
Domestic violence in Australia: definition, prevalence and nature of presentation in clinical practice
Kelsey Hegarty, Elizabeth D Hindmarsh and Marisa T Gilles
Med J Aust 2000; 173 (7): 363-367.
Published online: 20 July 2019
Domestic violence is a complex pattern of behaviours that may include, in addition to physical acts of violence, sexual abuse and emotional abuse.
Women experience domestic violence at far greater rates than men do, and women and children often live in fear as a result of the abuse that is used by men to maintain control over their partners.
Domestic violence is a major public health problem and is very common in women attending clinical practice.
Women present most commonly with a range of chronic symptoms to unsuspecting general practitioners, emergency department doctors or medical specialists.
Women who have experienced partner abuse want to be asked about it and are more likely to disclose if asked in an empathic, non-judgemental way. Doctors can make a difference.
In the past decade, domestic violence has been recognised as a major public health problem. It affects all people, irrespective of economic, educational, social, geographic or racial background,1 resulting in significant morbidity and mortality.2 However, lack of agreement about the basic features of domestic violence makes case identification difficult.3 In view of these uncertainties, we attempt to define "domestic violence" and explore how current attitudes influence measurement and estimated prevalence of domestic violence, and how it presents in clinical practice.
How do we define "domestic violence"?
The terms "violence", "abuse" and "battering" are frequently used interchangeably. In studies of the Australian community, "domestic violence" is usually taken to mean partner abuse, specifically physical violence between a male and female partner, most commonly perpetrated by the male partner.4 (A "partner" is a person who has been or is having an intimate relationship with another person -- ie, a married or de facto partner, a boyfriend or girlfriend). However, "domestic violence" (or "family violence") may also be used to refer to abuse that occurs in any relationship within households (ie, including abuse of children, elders or siblings). Much of this article deals with partner abuse against women, as women are most commonly the victims,5-7 but this is not to deny that there are rare cases of men being beaten by women.8
Under Australian law, use of the term "domestic violence" refers exclusively to violence committed by a heterosexual partner and includes physical injury, intimidation or serious harassment, wilful damage to property, indecent behaviour without consent, or a threat to commit any of these acts.9
However, from a health perspective, domestic violence can be better understood as a chronic syndrome characterised not only by episodes of physical violence but also by the emotional and psychological abuse that perpetrators use to maintain control over their partners -- ". . . most women experiencing partner abuse report that the physical violence is the least damaging suffered: it is the relentless psychological abuse that cripples and isolates the woman".10
The Australian Medical Association recently produced a position statement asserting that
"Domestic violence is an abuse of power. It is the domination, coercion, intimidation and victimisation of one person by another by physical, sexual or emotional means within intimate relationships."11
The Australian Public Health Association employs a comprehensive definition of "domestic violence", outlining examples of abusive behaviour:1
Physical abuse, causing pain and injury; denial of sleep, warmth or nutrition; denial of needed medical care; sexual assault; violence to property or animals; disablement; and murder;
Verbal abuse, in private or in public, designed to humiliate, degrade, demean, intimidate, subjugate, including the threat of physical violence;
Economic abuse, including deprivation of basic necessities, seizure of income or assets, unreasonable denial of the means necessary for participation in social life; and
Social abuse, through isolation, control of all social activity, deprivation of liberty, or the deliberate creation of unreasonable dependence.
How common is domestic violence in Australia?
It is now accepted that domestic violence is very common in Australia. An estimate of the magnitude of the problem can be obtained from public records (police reports, hospital records, applications for protection orders, lists of refuge positions, and spousal homicides), clinical samples and community surveys. Although public records have inherent bias in their non-random selection and under-reporting of samples, they do show that women are the main victims of domestic violence:
Police figures reveal that women are over eight times more likely to be victims than males;12
Crime surveys show that a third of all assaults on women are by partners, whereas the number of assaults on men by their partners is too small to produce reliable estimates.12,13
Victorian public hospital figures show that 1.3% of women and 0.14% of men admitted to emergency departments are there as a result of partner-inflicted injury.14
Each year, more than 20 000 women in Australia seek shelter in women's refuges and take out protection orders.9
A recent review in Western Australia showed that the incidence per 100 000 adult women of injury from domestic violence varied according to the source of public records used: 1.6 (police-recorded homicides), 129.2 (hospital admissions data), 183.5 (recorded crime), and 248.1 (restraining order data).12
In Australian survey research, women are three times more likely than men to experience an episode of physical violence by their partners.6,7
Domestic violence rates vary depending on the definition used15 and whether the data are from community crime victim surveys12,13 or prevalence studies in clinical samples6,7,16-19 or community samples.20 Clinical studies in emergency departments and antenatal clinics indicate that between 19.3%7 and 25.0%17 of women will be subjected to domestic violence over their lifetime. Surveys of women attending general practice in Australia reveal varying partner abuse rates of 8.0%16 and 28%18 in a 12-month period. The only population-based study that investigates physical and sexual violence, the Women's Safety Survey,20 found that 2.6% of women who currently had partners had experienced an incident of violence in the previous 12 months, and 8.0% had experienced violence at some stage in their relationship.
How does domestic violence present in practice?
There are major barriers to women disclosing situations of domestic violence.21,22 Reasons given include fear, denial and disbelief, emotional bonds to their partner, commitment to marriage, hope for change, staying for the sake of the children, "normalisation" of violence, social isolation, depression, stress, and feeling that they will not be believed or that services will not be able to help.22,23
When women come to the realisation that they can not change the situation however hard they try, and that they need help, relatively few present to domestic violence services or the police in the first instance.24 They may seek help from family or friends, general practitioners, personal and relationship counsellors, child specialists, psychiatrists, teachers, hospital staff, solicitors, family support services, self-help groups, church representatives or charity organisations.23
It is important to realise that women who have been abused want to be asked about domestic violence and are more likely to disclose if asked.15,25 However, most women present to doctors with a variety of complaints without disclosing that there is a background of domestic violence. The wide range of potential clinical indicators of domestic violence (see Box 1) can make it difficult to detect, but if women present frequently with some of these problems over time the clinician should be alert to the possibility of domestic violence. While some abused women report that they specifically sought help for such symptoms, others say that they sought help for the perceived underlying cause of the abuse (eg, marital conflict, their partner's mental health, a drug and alcohol or gambling problem) or wanted information about how to deal with the violence.23
Women may present with overt physical injuries, but more commonly with a range of chronic symptoms, to unsuspecting GPs, emergency department doctors or medical specialists.
Women are at higher risk if they
are less than 40 years of age;
have a past history of child abuse or have a child who is currently being abused;
have undergone recent separation or divorce;
are socially isolated;
have an accompanying partner who is overattentive;
present frequently;
delay in seeking treatment or are non-compliant.26
The diagnosis of domestic violence is an important challenge to all doctors in clinical practice26 because patients increasingly point to positive interactions with medical professionals as one of the important elements in their recovery. The stories in Boxes 2 and 3 (based on actual cases) illustrate situations that clinicians may encounter.
Screening for domestic violence
Researchers have developed several scales to measure domestic violence (see Box 4). Although the American Medical Association has suggested routine screening, this is not recommended for a general population, as tested and proven interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality are lacking.43 Nevertheless, opportunistic screening in practice settings such as emergency departments, psychiatric clinics, antenatal clinics and general practice is still considered worthwhile.43 Health professionals need to use a variety of questions to elicit women's experiences of domestic violence, taking into account different types of women (eg, women with disabilities, Indigenous women, women in lesbian relationships and women of non-English-speaking background). Examples of questions doctors could ask a patient if they suspect domestic violence are given in Box 5.
ConclusionsDomestic violence is a complex pattern of behaviours that may include, in addition to physical acts of violence, sexual abuse and emotional abuse, such as social isolation and financial deprivation.
In spite of the lack of agreement on definitions, domestic violence is clearly a very common, hidden problem for many patients attending clinical practice. Doctors need to be aware of the many potential indicators of domestic violence26 and should ask about abuse in an empathic, non-judgemental way.25 At an individual level, domestic violence can cause physical and emotional ill health; the underlying abuse needs to be recognised and dealt with directly if women and their children are to be safe. Domestic violence is clearly a significant public health problem that all clinicians need to be aware of to enable them to act as advocates for their patients.
Australian Public Health Association. Domestic violence. Canberra: Australian Public Health Association, 1990.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Emergency department response to domestic violence - California, 1992. JAMA 1993; 270: 1174-1175.
Knowledge and social change. In: Dobash RE, Dobash RP. Women, violence and social change. London: Routledge; 1992: 251-283.
ANOP Research Services. Community attitudes to violence against women. Canberra: Office of the Status of Women, 1995.
Candib LM. Violence against women: no more excuses. Fam Med 1989; 21: 339-341.
Roberts G, O'Toole B, Lawrence J, Raphael B. Domestic violence victims in a hospital emergency department. Med J Aust 1994; 159: 307-310.
de Vries Robbe M, March L, Vinen J, et al. Prevalence of domestic violence among patients attending a hospital emergency department. Aust N Z J Public Health 1996; 20: 364-368.
Johnston JR, Campbell LE. A clinical typology of interparental violence in disputed-custody divorces. Am J Orthopsychiatry 1993; 63: 190-199.
Alexander R. Wife-battering - an Australian perspective. J Fam Violence 1993; 8: 229-251.
Sassetti MR. Domestic violence. Prim Care 1993; 20: 289-304.
Australian Medical Association. Position statement on domestic violence. Canberra: AMA, 1998.
Ferrante A, Morgan F, Indermaur D, Harding R. Measuring the extent of domestic violence. Sydney: Hawkins Press, 1996.
Womens Policy Unit. Women's experience of crimes of personal violence. A gender analysis of the 1991 Queensland crime victims survey. Brisbane: Office of the Cabinet, 1992.
Sherrard J, Ozanne-Smith J, Brumen IA, et al. Domestic violence: patterns and indicators. Melbourne: Monash University Accident Research Centre, 1994.
Hegarty K, Roberts G. How common is domestic violence against women? The definition of partner abuse in prevalence studies. Aust N Z J Public Health 1998; 22: 49-54.
Hegarty KL. Measuring a multidimensional definition of domestic violence: prevalence of partner abuse in women attending general practice. Brisbane: Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Queensland, 1999.
Bates L, Redman S, Brown W, Hancock L. Domestic violence experienced by women attending an accident and emergency department. Aust N Z J Public Health 1995; 19: 293-299.
Mazza D, Dennerstein L, Ryan V. Physical, sexual and emotional violence against women: a general practice-based prevalence study. Med J Aust 1996; 164: 14-17.
Webster J, Sweett S, Stolz T. Domestic violence in pregnancy: a prevalence study. Med J Aust 1994; 161: 466-470.
McLennan W. Women's safety survey. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1996.
Brown JB, Lent B, Brett P, et al. Development of the Woman Abuse Screening Tool for use in family practice. Fam Med 1996; 28: 422-428.
Head C, Taft A. Improving general practitioner management of women experiencing domestic violence: a study of the beliefs and experiences of women victim/survivors and of GPs. Canberra: Department of Health, Housing and Community Services, 1995.
Keys Young. Against the odds: how women survive domestic violence. Canberra: Office of the Status of Women, 1998.
Roberts G. Domestic violence victims in the emergency department. Brisbane: University of Queensland, 1995.
Friedman L, Samet J, Roberts M, et al. Inquiry about victimisation experiences: a survey of patient preferences and physician practices. Arch Intern Med 1992; 152: 1186-1190.
Eisenstat S, Bancroft L. Domestic violence. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 886-892.
Straus MA, Gelles RJ, Steinmetz SK. Behind closed doors: violence in the American family. New York: Doubleday/Anchor, 1980.
Straus MA, Smith C. Family patterns and primary prevention of family violence. In: Straus MA, Gelles RJ, editors. Physical violence in American families. Risk factors and adaptations to violence in 8145 families. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers, 1990: 507-525.
Yllo K. Through a feminist lens: gender, power and violence. In: Gelles RJ, Loseke DR, editors. Current controversies in family violence. Newbury Park, California: Sage Publications, 1993: 47-63.
DeKeseredy W, Hinch R. Woman abuse: sociological perspectives. Toronto: Thompson Educational Publishing, 1991.
Tolman R. The development of a measure of psychological maltreatment of women by their male partners. Violence Vict 1989; 4: 159-177.
Hudson W, McIntosh S. The assessment of spouse abuse: two quantifiable dimensions. Journal of Marriage and the Family 1981; 43: 873-888.
Rodenberg F, Fantuzzo J. The measure of wife abuse: steps toward the development of a comprehensive assessment technique. J Fam Violence 1993; 8: 203-217.
Yegidis BL. Abuse Risk Inventory for women. Palo Alto, California: Mind Garden, 1989.
Hegarty KL, Sheehan M, Schonfeld C. A multidimensional definition of partner abuse: development and preliminary validation of the Composite Abuse Scale. J Fam Violence 1999; 14: 399-414.
McFarlane J, Parker B, Soeken K, Bullock L. Assessing for abuse during pregnancy. Severity and frequency of injuries and associated entry into prenatal care. JAMA 1992; 267: 3176-3178.
Sherin KM, Sinacore JM, Li X, et al. HITS: A short domestic violence screening tool for use in a family practice setting. Fam Med 1998; 30: 508-512.
Straus MA, Gelles RJ. Societal change and change in family violence from 1975 to 1985 as revealed by two national surveys. Journal of Marriage and the Family 1986; 48: 465-479.
Headey B, Scott D, Vaus D. Domestic violence in Australia: are men and women equally violent? Australian Social Monitor 1999; 2: 57-62.
Candib LM. Naming the contradiction: family medicine's failure to face violence against women. Family and Community Health 1990; 13: 47-57.
Johnson MP. Patriarchal terrorism and common couple violence: two forms of violence against women. Journal of Marriage and the Family 1995; 57: 283-294.
Saunders DG. Wife abuse, husband abuse or mutual combat. A feminist perspective on the empirical findings. In: Yllo K, Bograd M, editors. Feminist perspectives on wife abuse. Newbury Park, California: Sage Publications, 1988: 91-113.
Lawler VA. Routine screening for domestic violence: a review of the literature. Melbourne: University of Melbourne, 1996.
Authors' details
Department of General Practice and Public Health, University of Melbourne, VIC.
Kelsey Hegarty, MB BS, PhD, Senior Lecturer.
Women's Health, Royal Australian College of General Practitioners, Sydney, NSW.
Elizabeth D Hindmarsh, MB BS, FRACGP, Chairperson.
Public Health Unit Gascoyne, Carnarvon, WA.
Marisa T Gilles, BSc, MB Chb, MPH, Director.
Reprints will not be available from the authors.
Correspondence: Dr K Hegarty, Department of General Practice and Public Health, University of Melbourne, 200 Berkeley Street, Carlton, VIC 3053.
k.hegartyATgpph.unimelb.edu.au
©MJA 2000
Readers may print a single copy for personal use. No further reproduction or distribution of the articles should proceed without the permission of the publisher. For permission, contact the Australasian Medical Publishing Company.
Journalists are welcome to write news stories based on what they read here, but should acknowledge their source as "an article published on the Internet by The Medical Journal of Australia <http://www.mja.com.au>".
<URL: http://www.mja.com.au/> © 2000 Medical Journal of Australia.
We appreciate your comments.
1: Potential clinical indicators of domestic violence26
Anxiety symptoms and panic disorder
Somatoform disorder
Drug and alcohol abuse
Obvious injuries, especially to the head and neck or multiple areas
Bruises in various stages of healing
Chronic abdominal pain
Chronic headaches
Chronic back pain
Numbness and tingling from injuries
Unwanted pregnancy
Antepartum haemorrhage
Lack of prenatal care
Low birthweight of infant
Back to text
2: Presentation of domestic violence to a general practitioner
Jane*, aged 38, has two children aged 5 and 9, and is now 20 weeks' pregnant. She is well dressed, slightly overweight, and presents for review of her blood pressure, which was high on a previous visit to the obstetrician the week before. She has been married nine years to Theo*, a plumber. She is not in paid work.
No previous history of hypertension with pregnancies.
One previous miscarriage and an antepartum haemorrhage with her last pregnancy.
Recurrent presentations for vaginal discharge to a GP in the past few years.
Multiple presentations with the children for behavioural problems.
Her blood pressure was again slightly raised, which she explained was because she had been a bit busy.
GP:How are things at home?
Jane: [angrily] Fine, thanks.
GP:It must be hard at home with two other children. Does your husband help?
Jane:He only makes things worse.
GP:Can you tell me more about it?
Jane:Look, after years of putting up with him I moved out, and last week, on my son's birthday, I let Theo come around to give the boy his present and he became angry and abusive again. He smashed a plate glass window and it fell onto the boy's head.
GP:This is serious. Are you and the children safe?
Jane:
How was abuse recognised?
Looking back through the patient's notes, there was mention of "matrimonial disharmony" - direct questioning at the time might have resulted in an earlier disclosure. However, it may be that Jane was only ready to disclose after she had left Theo. Breaking the silence breaks the isolation and provides a way out for when the woman decides to take it.
* Actual names have been changed.
Rebecca*, aged 30, attractive and well dressed, presents requesting a referral for breast enlargement. She has been married eight years to John*, a busy lawyer. She does some secretarial and accounting work for him.
A number of previous referrals for plastic surgery.
GP: Can you tell me what concerns you about your breasts?
Rebecca:I hate them. I have nothing there and I look ugly.
GP:Do you really believe that?
Rebecca:My husband does.
GP: What does he say to you about it?
Rebecca:He doesn't like the way I look now even though he used to. I try so hard to please him and I've had operations before but he is still not happy with me [in tears now]. It's horrible - he tears off my clothes in front of the mirror and says "Would you sleep with this?".
GP: What else does he do that makes you upset?
Rebecca:He tells me frequently that I am stupid and ugly.
GP:That must be difficult for you. Do you feel in control of your life?
Rebecca:No, he controls all the finances and tells me what to wear every day. He throws my clothes on the fire if he doesn't like them.
GP:Has he ever physically hurt you?
Rebecca:He has never hit me, although he has kicked the wall, smashed things and threatened to punch me a few times.
GP: What is the worst thing that has happened to you?
Rebecca:He forced me to have sex on several occasions against my will, but the worst was when he poisoned my dog because I had grown too fond of the dog.
GP:Are you afraid of him?
Rebecca:Yes ...
She had tried to leave him on a number of occasions but had returned each time, as she had few economic resources of her own and little confidence in her own abilities to survive without him. She had few people to confide in.
Abuse was recognised because of a high level of suspicion, followed up by direct questioning.
4: Measuring domestic violence
The Conflict Tactics Scale
Researchers in family violence have defined "violence" as "an act carried out with the intention of, or perceived intention of, causing physical pain or injury to another person".27 To measure "violence" they have developed the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS). Although the CTS is the scale most commonly used,28 it has been widely criticised for measuring conflict tactics (ie, overt actions used by persons in response to a conflict of interest) rather than coercive tactics, and for concentrating on physical violence alone and not eliciting information about the intensity, context, consequences or meaning of the action.3,9,29,30
Several other scales (eg, the Psychological Maltreatment of Women Inventory, the Index of Spouse Abuse, the Measure of Wife Abuse, the Abuse Risk Inventory for Women31-34) have been developed to broaden the definition of domestic violence to include emotional and sexual abuse. Apart from the Composite Abuse Scale,35 which has been validated across three Australian clinical populations,16 these scales have only been validated on small samples. All of these scales are long and would be difficult to use as a screening tool in a busy clinical setting. Several researchers16,21,36,37 have trialled shorter screening tools to measure domestic violence in clinical settings on small, selective samples.
Quantitative v qualitative research
Each researcher and practitioner appears to define "domestic violence" according to his or her own perspective. Quantitative research using the CTS utilises the physical abuse concepts outlined by Straus,38,39 while qualitative research uses a broader definition of domestic violence.3,40 Not all violent behaviour between partners may constitute domestic violence. Johnson41 argues that some families suffer from occasional outbursts of violence from either husbands or wives ("common couple violence"), while other families are terrorised by systematic male violence ("patriarchal terrorism").42
5: Suggestions for how the subject of domestic violence could be raised with a patient
Has your partner ever physically threatened or hurt you?
Is there a lot of tension in your relationship?
How do you resolve arguments?21
Sometimes partners react strongly in arguments and use physical force. Is this happening to you?
Are you afraid of your partner?16
Violence is very common in the home. I ask a lot of my patients about abuse because no one should have to live in fear of their partners.
Within the last year, have you been hit, slapped, kicked, or otherwise physically hurt by someone? Or has anyone forced you to have sexual activities?36
Kelsey Hegarty1
Elizabeth D Hindmarsh2
Marisa T Gilles3
1 Department of General Practice and Public Health, University of Melbourne, VIC
2 Women's Health, Royal Australian College of General Practitioners, Sydney, NSW
3 Public Health Unit Gascoyne, Carnarvon, WA
Correspondence: k.hegarty@gpph.unimelb.edu.au
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TNC Predator Comeback to Beat Alliance at the MDL Chengdu Major
Vignesh Raghuram
18/Nov/2019 06:09 am
It looks like there is no stopping the TNC train. The SEA powerhouse has managed to secure a 2-1 victory against Alliance which sees them make their way into the next round of the upper brackets.
This is the second time, in two tournaments that TNC Predator have managed to beat Alliance in the Upper Brackets. The Filipino team have secured a Top 6 finish with this victory which entails them atleast 900 DPC points and $60,000 USD in prize money.
TNC Predator vs Alliance
Alliance started off the series with a bang, completely dominating TNC Predator right from the get-go to build up an overwhelming lead. The Europeans seemed to be winning ever single teamfight and secured multiple objectives to bolster their net-worth lead to a ridiculous 60k. However, TNC Predator showed great tenacity by holding on to their base against this. Eventually, Alliance managed to brute force their way against TNC's defence and secured a 70 minute victory.
The Filipinos struck back with a fury in Games 2 and 3, with two outdrafts and two one-sided stomps to claim a 2-1 victory. Alliance looked stumped by the end of this marathon series.
TNC Predator will play the winner of the next match: J.Storm vs Team Liquid on November 20th for a place in the winner bracket finals.
Vignesh has been covering the esports industry for nearly 5 years starting with the early days of the DPC. His industry expertise includes experience in Dota 2, CS:GO and Mobile Esports coverage.

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HOW WILL THE LAUNCH OF LIVE CASINOS IN JAPAN INFLUENCE POPULARITY OF POKER?
For quite a while, a wide range of betting were formally illicit in Japan. This didn't prevent individuals of Japan from playing their beloved shots in the dark, obviously, yet it absolutely didn't help the promotion of betting in the nation, all things considered.
However, things are at last beginning to change. Japan has declared the launch of the primary live gambling fortune ox clubs in the country, which could be a genuine distinct advantage. Interestingly, Japanese players will approach totally legitimate and completely controlled land-based scenes.
While this will undoubtedly affect an assortment of fronts, this article will zero in on the possibilities of playing poker in Japan. Will the launch of significant club resorts in the nation ponder decidedly poker, and will the nation turn into one more significant center point for poker fans in Asia?
The Complicated Tale of Japanese Casinos
Japan has been playing with managed betting for quite a while. As is frequently the situation, there are the two advocates and foes of the thought. The fight between the two gatherings has been continuing for a really long time.
The fight was at last closed in 2018, with club defenders winning the conflict. The law was changed to permit betting, and the public authority concocted the arrangement to give three licenses for club resorts. Initially, the thought was to have these gambling clubs open by the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, however the entire pandemic circumstance put a wedge in those plans.
Things have been pushed back, so presently, the arrangement is to give the primary licenses in 2022, which implies it could in any case require a couple of years before there are authorized club resorts in Japan.
This likely isn't too huge of an arrangement for Japanese players, who have found various ways of getting the activity at whatever point they long for it. Pachinko parlors have been staples of the country for a really long time, effectively working around the general set of laws, and there are various internet based gambling clubs like BONS that are glad to acknowledge players from the Land of the Rising Sun.
Live gambling clubs in Japan
Yet, one thing that hasn't been doing as such well in Japan is poker, particularly live poker. While there are some underground settings and home poker games that players can engage with, the absence of directed scenes has kept the game from truly developing. The inquiry is, will this change with the appearance of first club resorts?
Japanese Casinos and Poker: What to Expect?
It would be great to believe that new retreats will devote a generous part of their assets towards poker, however this simply isn't sensible. Right now, the game basically isn't that famous in the nation, and gambling clubs are occupied with bringing in cash all things considered.
Another issue sneaking behind the scenes is the last form of the betting law.
With a couple of years still to go before first gambling clubs open their entryways, it's dubious how the enactment will resemble.
Unmistakably there will be a few limitations for Japanese players. Not every person will be permitted to enter gambling clubs, and it could happen that Japanese are totally restricted from entering the properties. All things considered, the public authority tries to target travelers with their new betting laws, so this sort of advancement is totally conceivable.
Without nearby, it is difficult to anticipate any genuine development in the poker office. Regardless of whether these club have poker rooms, there will not be sufficient activity from sightseers alone to make all the difference for things. Furthermore, with different games like baccarat and blackjack being more productive, gambling clubs probably won't mess with poker.
The Verdict: Will There Be a Japanese Poker Boom?
With the dispatch of the main gambling clubs still a couple of years away, it's difficult to foresee anything without any hesitation. As things seem as though presently, it's not reasonable to expect the appearance of gambling club resorts will change much for the Japanese poker scene.
Notwithstanding, this would all be able to change without any problem. In the event that one of these retreats chooses to attempt to turn into another poker center in Asia, there is no explanation they couldn't do it. Betting is prohibited in numerous close by nations too, so players run to places like Macau looking for activity. Japan could get in on that game also.
Possibilities of live poker in Japan
Online poker destinations could likewise help add to this advancement by arranging different live occasions in the nation when the opportunity arrives. These can help acquire players from everywhere the world and put club on the poker map.
It will positively be intriguing to perceive how things play out pushing ahead, as there is a ton of stowed away potential the nation could bring to the poker scene. Meanwhile, Japanese poker players will keep on playing on the web and in home games, working on their insight into poker methodology and anticipating what's to come!
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If you need to drop off partial or entire enrollment packets, you may drop them off between the hours of 10 am and 4 pm on Monday, Thursday, and Friday of each week at Morgan & Perry Law Office (920 Durham St, Fuquay Varina, NC 27526).
There is a marked container located on the table in the reception area. If the office is closed for lunch, please drop off the papers in the slot in the front door.
If you have items that need to be added to your enrollment packet, please stop by at one of these times to drop them off. Please note that we need a copy of immunization records for every student, not just kindergartners.
WE ARE STILL TAKING APPLICATIONS!
Our open enrollment period for the 2019-20 school year has ended.
However, parents may still apply by navigating to our Enrollment page.
Upon applying, parents will receive an email. If a seat is available, the student(s) will automatically receive a seat. If there are no seats available, the student(s) will be placed on a waitlist. As seats become available, the student(s) will move up the waitlist. You can also check your place on the waitlist by visiting the Lotterease website.
If you would like a paper copy for open enrollment, please email enrollment@carolinacharter.org or call 919-214-9280.
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text:
Rescue crews in Hawaii fear snorkeler may have been attacked by shark
Caleb Jones/AP
FILE: Hawaii
By: CNN Newswire & Scripps National
The U.S. Coast Guard is searching for a snorkeler who may have been attacked by a shark off the coast of Hawaii.
Officials said a husband and wife were snorkeling about 50 yards from the shore on Thursday. The man reportedly told authorities that he fought off a shark and swam to shore, but his wife didn't make it.
"Maui tends to have a lot of shark activity, particularly during pupping season," said Dan Dennison of the Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources. "I don't know if it is pupping season right now, but Maui tends to have the most shark activity of any of the main Hawaiian islands."
A snorkel, masks and parts of a bathing suit were reportedly found in the water.
Rescue and recovery crews have been searching by air and water for the woman.


Looking at pix from our flight along Palos Verdes revealed a confusion of caves. Because the coast there was so interesting, we circled back for another look at the Pt. Vicente light and in the process got multiple views of the sea caves just past it toward San Pedro. For some sound geological reason the sea caves are on small points of rock that jut out into the sea like this.
If these two caves joined in the middle, would it be one cave? How many people paddle kayaks into them on calm days? After this closer look at the cave on the right above, would you be concerned about falling rocks?
You can see even more loose stones in this closer view of the cave on the left.
But another pic taken later created cave confusion. The top pic shows two caves, right? Well have a look at this.
Same spot, but from this different angle you can clearly see another small cave! It was only by looking more carefully at details like the paths and vegetation on top that I realized this spit of rock harbors at least three caves. This angle also better shows the tide pools on the rock shelf. I guess the only reason there weren't crowds of people exploring this whole scene is that access is much more difficult than the well-worn paths on top. A little further along is a smaller spit that really does have two caves at the end.
This area is now certainly on our list of places to visit from the ground! But just to attempt more confusion in the meantime, a different angle revealed two caves and a dimple.


text:
Каспійський трубопровідний консорціум (КТК) — міжнародна акціонерна компанія, що побудувала й експлуатує нафтопровід КТК, який з'єднує родовища Західного Казахстану (Тенгіз, Карачаганак) з російським узбережжям Чорного моря (термінал Південна Озереєвка біля Новоросійську).

Загальні відомості

Довжина нафтопроводу — 1510 км.

Потужність першої черги — 28,2 млн тон нафти на рік, у тому числі 22 млн тон по нафті каспійського походження. Повна пропускна здатність була досягнуто до середини 2004 р. У листопаді 2004 року КТК почав приймати російську нафту на Кропоткінській НПС у Краснодарському краї. Спочатку проект розроблявся з тим розрахунком, що його початкова пропускна здатність буде збільшена до 67 млн тон нафти на рік.

Для цього необхідно побудувати нові перекачувальні станції, нафтосховища на терміналі в районі Новоросійська і встановити ще один виносний причальний пристрій.

Акціонери консорціуму
Росія — 31% акцій, представлена:
 АК «Транснефть» (акції знаходяться у довірчому управлінні) — 24% акцій;
 КТК Компані — 7% акцій;
Казахстан — 20,75% акцій, представлений:
 «Казмунайгаз» — 19% акцій,
 Kazakhstan Pipeline Ventures LLC — 1,75% акцій;
Інші компанії:
 Chevron Caspian Pipeline Consortium Company — 15% акцій;
 LUKARCO B.V. — 12,5% акцій;
 Mobil Caspian Pipeline Company — 7,5% акцій;
 Rosneft-Shell Caspian Ventures Limited — 7,5% акцій;
 BG Overseas Holding Limited — 2% акцій;
 Eni International N.A. N.V. — 2% акцій;
 Oryx Caspian Pipeline LLC — 1,75% акцій.

Джерела
 Каспійський трубопровідний консорціум
 Каспийский Трубопроводный Консорциум

Нафтопроводи Казахстану
Нафтопроводи Росії
КазМунайГаз

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Displaying a pdf served from Jasper Reports Server My problem
I am retrieveng a report generated with Jasper Reports Server, with the intention of displaying it to the user in a new tab. I can create the new tab just fine, but the pdf is completely blank.
My code
I have to files, one php file that makes a request to the jasperserver, and another one that queries this file and creates the new tab using javascript.
Javascript:
sap.ui.getCore().attachInit(function () {
    var onPress = function(evt){
        jQuery.ajax({
            type: "GET",
            url: "JasperReportAPICall.php",
            xhrFields: {responseType: "text/pdf"},
            data: {
              functionname: "authenticate",
              argument: "http://localhost:8080/jasperserver/rest_v2/reports/reports/interactive/Directives_Report.pdf?id=1&method=rules"
            },
            success: function(response){
                var blob = new Blob([response], {type: "application/pdf"});
                var pdfUrl = window.URL.createObjectURL(blob);
                var newTab = window.open(pdfUrl);
                newTab.addEventListener('load', function(pdfUrl){
                    window.URL.revokeObjectURL(pdfUrl);
                }, false);
                console.log("Report succesfully received");

            }
        });
    };
     new sap.m.Button({
         text: "GNR",
         press: onPress
     }).placeAt("content");
 });

PHP:
function authenticate($url){
    global $username, $pwd;

    $curl = curl_init($url);
    curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_GET, 1);
    curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_HTTPAUTH, CURLAUTH_BASIC);
    curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_USERPWD, "$username:$pwd");
    curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);

    $result = curl_exec($curl);
    if (result===false){
        $httpcode = curl_getinfo($curl, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
        $error = curl_error($curl);
        echo "HTTPCODE: $httpcode";
        echo "ERROR: $error";
    }

    curl_close($curl);
    return $result;
}

if (isset($_GET['functionname']) && isset($_GET['argument'])){
    if ($_GET['functionname'] === "authenticate"){

        $result = authenticate($_GET['argument']);
        echo $result;
    }
}

What I tried

*

*Setting the xhr responsetype as 'blob'. window.URL.createObjectURL rejected it

*Setting the xhr responseType as 'arraybuffer' and create a new Blob using said arraybuffer. Upon opening the new tab, pdf viewer complains it can't open the file

*Same step as the previous one, but with a File object instead. same result.

What does the data look like
This is what I receive from the server.
Since it's too big to be put here, I put it in a pastebin.

A: I found a fix. The problem was on the PHP side. As it was, I retrieved the data, but didn't set the appropriate headers, thus when using the xhr responseType 'blob', it didn't have a mime type, causing a crash when using it to create an url object.
Before returning the pdf to the ajax call, I set the headers like this.
function authenticate($url){
    ...
    curl_close($curl);
    header('Cache-Control: public');
    header('Content-type: application/pdf');
    header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="new.pdf"');
    header('Content-Length: '.strlen($result));
    return $result;
}

With this, the pdf blob is served without any error.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


> sacerdotal and/or otherwise is not a Baha'i practice.
have chapter and verse where this rule is written?
> Have no knowledge any more than any else.
> antithesis of a member of the working class in his personal life.
path is the way to go.
> and dangerous theologians of the past.
theology rather than for claiming authority?
the best way of understanding the whole.


This gift box from Wild Olive contains four natural bath melts; two with swirly tops and two topped with real flower petals. Each melt is rich in moisturising cocoa butter and fragranced with luxurious essential oils. Presented in an attractive cardboard gift box with pop-out door sign saying 'Please Do Not Disturb, Bathing in Progress'.
This is my go to item when purchasing a gift. They smell and look lovely. Everybody I have ever brought them for has loved them.
I purchased this for a friend who was having a rubbish time. She absolutely loved it! It comes beautifully packaged, smells amazing and looks divine too. A great way to let somebody know I was thinking of them. Now to add one to my own wish list!


text:
Q: Black screen after upgrade to Ubuntu 16.04 I have recently upgraded my workstation from Ubuntu 14.04 to 16.04. After the upgrade, my computer is booting to black screen. The problem seem to be due to NVIDIA graphics card and its broken driver for ubuntu 16.04. I tried to follow instructions on Ubuntu 16.04 + Nvidia Driver = Blank screen, but I am not able to get to terminal window even after pressing Ctrl+Alt+F1/2 keys. Without getting to terminal I am not sure how can I update grub settings.
I am wondering if I can fix this problem somehow changing grub settings or do I really need to change to a non-NVIDIA graphics card ? Any help is highly appreciated. Following are my system details:

*

*Asus motherboard P8P67

*NVIDIA GeForce 1GB graphics card (specific model name I will update later)

*Wireless keyboard (not sure if this is important detail or not)

A: You can edit the kernel boot parameters in Grub:

*

*Select a boot entry.

*Press E to edit it.

*Search and move the cursor to the line starting with linux. It should look similar to this:
linux /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-62-generic root=UUID=404023ea-a6b2-4a92-a325-9488a106328c ro quiet splash

*Append a space and nomodeset to that line as suggested by this answer to your linked question (though the order of the arguments doesn't actually matter). Applied to the previous example the result may look like this:
linux /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-62-generic root=UUID=404023ea-a6b2-4a92-a325-9488a106328c ro quiet splash nomodeset

While you're at it you may also remove quiet and splash to show possible boot messages that may reveal more about the issue.

*Press Ctrl+X to boot the currently displayed boot entry.
This doesn't change isn't saved anywhere and only lasts until the next boot but it should allow you to render your system usable enough for further diagnosis and remedies, e. g. to edit the Grub configuration to make this change permanent as suggested in the linked question.


text:
The MAV Symphony Orchestra was founded in 1945 by the Hungarian State Railways – one of the most significant companies in Hungary. The orchestra currently consists of ninety professional musicians. The MAV Symphony Orchestra is ranked among the best professional orchestras in Hungary.
In recent decades the orchestra has developed a wide-ranging repertoire from music of the Baroque era to works by contemporary composers.
The MAV Symphony Orchestra presents its subscription concerts in the most respected concert halls of Hungary: the Liszt Music Academy and the Palace of Arts. Besides full-orchestra concerts it regularly performs chamber music and youth concerts as well.Each year the MAV Symphony Orchestra participates in one of the most renowned artistic festivals in Europe, the Budapest Spring Festival.
Throughout its history, the orchestra has established close connections with famous Hungarian and internationally-renowned conductors and soloists.
In the past decades the concerts of the MAV Symphony Orchestra were conducted by János Ferencsik, Lamberto Gardelli, Kobayashi Ken-Ichiro, Franco Ferrara, Uri Mayer, Hans Swarowsky, Carlo Zecchi, Moshe Atzmon, Kurt Masur, Herbert Blomstedt, James Levine, Irwin Hoffman, Carlo Ponti Jr. and Yuri Simonov, to name but a few.
Several renowned soloists have performed with the orchestra: Luciano Pavarotti, Placido Domingo, José Carreras, Kiri Te Kanawa, Lucia Aliberti, Lazar Berman, Jeanne-Marie Darré, Endre Gertler, Tsuyoshi Tsutsumi, Ruggiero Ricci, David Geringas, Jevgeni Bushkov, Ramzi Yassa, Dudu Fischer, Fujiko Hemming, Alexander Markov, Tamás Vásáry, Zoltán Kocsis, Dezső Ránki, Miklós Perényi, Jenő Jandó, Jeremy Menuhin, Roberto Díaz and many others.
The high quality of the orchestra has often been acknowledged during its tours in several foreign countries. The orchestra has performed in every country of Europe as well as in Lebanon, Hong Kong, Japan, China and Oman. Performances have taken place at many of the most important and respected concert halls, such as the Musikvereinsaal in Vienna, the Konzertgebouw in Amsterdam, Suntory Hall in Tokyo and Shanghai Oriental Art Center.
The orchestra has also participated at several European festivals: in Lourdes, Vienna, Thessaloniki, Rome, Assisi. A highlight of these appearances was the MAV Symphony Orchestra's 1988 special concert for Pope John Paul II at his summer-residence in Castelgandolfo.
MAV Symphony Orchestra is the only Hungarian orchestra to participate in the legendary Three Tenors Production – this was very successfully performed in January, 1999 in the Tokyo Dome for 32,000 people and the members of the Japanese Imperial family attending. The orchestra performed on Pavarotti's Farewell Concert Tour in Europe – over the course of two years they presented ten concerts with the bel canto tenor star.
The MAV Symphony Orchestra has been the resident symphony orchestra at the highly respected Beiteddine Festival in Lebanon. In previous seasons, the orchestra has performed with world-famous opera stars such as Kiri Te Kanawa, José Carreras and Placido Domingo, and also with Gabriel Yared, the renowned Lebanese composer at his world premiere night at Beiteddine Festival.


Buy tickets at stubhub.com! | Buy tickets from ticketnetwork.com! | Buy tickets at vividseats.com! | Buy tickets via ticketmaster.com! | Buy tickets at TicketsNow.com!
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In this webinar, Paul Gareau discusses the Indigenous Canada Massive Online Open Course from the University of Alberta that explores Indigenous histories and contemporary issues in Canada.
Dr. Paul Gareau is Métis and an assistant professor in the Faculty of Native Studies at the University of Alberta. He is the academic lead for the Indigenous Canada Massive Open Online Course (MOOC). His research focuses on the Métis, Indigenous religiosity, youth, gender, la francophonie, and rural Canada.
Watch now: in this webinar Bronwyn and Rebecca discuss the history of the Aboriginal Arts & Stories contest and share some of their strategies for engaging First Nations, Métis, and Inuit artists and writers.


Roast rice flour till it turns brown. Roast urad dal in the same way. Cook urad dal with 1 ½ glass of water. Let it cool and grind it to a smooth batter. Mix this with the rice flour. Add required amount of salt, cumin seeds, sesame seeds and asafoetida. Knead the dough. Add water to make the dough soft and smooth. Fill the Murukku maker with the dough and press with the "murukku chillu". Press it to get thread like murukku on oil spread banana leaf or on a plastic paper. In a pan, boil oil and add murukku into it and deep fry it till it turns brown. Store it in an air tight container.


The light above our kitchen stovetop burned out a few weeks ago. Finally, I attended to it this past weekend.
But a curious thing happened when I replaced that lightbulb. I noticed other lights in our house that didn't seem to be measuring up. The light in the upstairs hallway looked dim and dingy. The light above the kitchen table was pale and sickly. The light above our kitchen countertop was suddenly a deficient source of illumination.
Upon closer examination, I found that some of the lightbulbs in these disappointing lights had burned out. Some had older, less efficient bulbs. Other lightbulbs were the wrong wattage.
So, I replaced the light bulbs. I cleaned out the lights themselves (blasted ladybugs), and I marveled at the difference that the new light made. In fact, some of us in the Mathis household wondered if some of the light was too bright. The kitchen, now bathed in a more purifying light, showed the signs of cleaning deficiencies and needed home repairs.
Maybe a weaker light is the preferred light. It would certainly mean that we see things less clearly. That has its advantages, doesn't it?
Light illuminates. Light reveals. Light convicts.
This month, we will be taking a new look at a familiar term in our ecclesiastical lexicon: missions. What does it mean to be on mission? A frequently used buzzword in church life is missional. What does that even mean?
Our scripture passage from this past Sunday reveals God's intention for His people. And it's bigger than his hearers had envisioned.
According to God's word, we do not exist to be a blessing to ourselves. It's too small a thing to be consumed with our own success. We are to be about more than just maintaining our own well-being. Rather, God intends for us to be light so that others can see.
Actually, let's clarify that. We, ourselves, are not the light. Jesus points this out to us in his Sermon on the Mount. Those who belong to Christ, those who have decided to be Kingdom People, those who have professed Christ and who build their foundations on Jesus's teachings, are the light because Christ shines through them. In short, I am not my own light. My own sense of enlightenment will not save me. My good ideas and good intentions will not save anyone or anything.
Christ Jesus is our light. And when Christ lives in our hearts and in our minds and in our souls, we are directed to let Christ's light shine before others so that the world will see His light and give glory to God in heaven (Matthew 5:16).
The sooner we learn this, the more dependent upon Christ we will become. For us to be effective, we've got to invite Christ to shine through us. Christ's values, words, and directions must shine through us. Otherwise, any light that extends from us will be weak and ineffective; it will mask corruption and hinder restorative action.
But God's light purifies and directs. God's light reveals and convicts. God's light makes the Path clear and becomes a beacon for those who are lost along the way.
As Jesus illustrates in Matthew 5, God did not create us to be light for a corner of the house, or simply a portion of our community. God's light shines through us to light the whole house and to be a blessing to the very ends of the earth.
Yes, God. Shine on us. Shine through us. Not for our own sake. But for the world's.


Our estate, Virrey Events, boasts a prime location in the very heart of Majorca, with spectacular views over the Serra de Tramuntana and offers various places in which to celebrate your events.
Gardens, open-air terraces and halls are available for you to enjoy an excellent evening on that special day.
We have various spaces with different sizes to accommodate up to 200 guests.
Savour our modern version of traditional Majorcan cuisine, which uses fresh local produce, and wash it down with our excellent national wines.
Virrey Events, the best choice in the very heart of Majorca.
The estate where Virrey Events operates is called Son Campaner. The houses on the grounds date back to the sixteenth century and many stories are hidden between their walls.
We know that the estate was home to the Campaner Family, a family of pirates in the service of King Philip IV. Subsequently, it was home to a judge from that period.
The Virrey Events estate is located at km 2.4 of the road that goes from Inca to Sencelles, a few minutes from Inca, known as the city of leather, and in the heart of the wine-growing region of Majorca. Just 20 minutes from Palma and 15 minutes from the tourist beaches on the north of the island.
Thanks! Your e-mail has been successfully recorded.
If, for any reason, you want to get in touch with us regarding any issue related to the processing of your personal data or privacy (with our data protection commissioner), you can do so through any of the means indicated previously.
Which data do we collect through the website?
- Duration of visit or website browsing.
The information we handle is not linked to any specific user and it is stored in our databases, in order to carry out statistical analyses, improvements on the Website, on our products or services, and it will help us improve our business strategy. The data will not be disclosed to third parties.
To access certain products or services, such as bookings or contact, it is necessary for the user to fill in a form. To do this, on the registration form, a series of personal data will be requested. The data are necessary and mandatory for carrying out said registration. Should you choose not to provide us with such data, the registration will not take place.
In such case, the browsing data will be linked to the data on the user's registration, identifying said specific user that is browsing the Website. This way, we are able to personalise the products or services offerings that, in our opinion, best suit the user.
Each user's registration data will be incorporated into the databases of VIRREY EVENTS, along with the transaction history of said user, and will be stored therein as long as the registered user's account is not removed. Once said account has been removed, the information will be kept isolated from our databases, and those data relating to the transactions carried out will be kept for 10 years, not being accessed or altered, in order to comply with any statutory periods of retention in force. Data that are not linked to the transactions performed will be maintained unless consent is withdrawn, in which case they shall be deleted immediately (always with due regard to any statutory periods).
The legal basis for the processing of personal data is the performance of a contract between the parties.
In relation to the delivery of commercial communications and promotional offers by e-mail and replying to requests for information, the legitimacy of the processing the data is the consent of the affected party.
(a) to manage your access to the website.
(b) to manage the purchase of the products and/or services made available to you through the website.
(c) to keep you informed of the processing and status of your requests, or bookings.
(d) to respond to your requests for information.
(e) to manage all the functionalities and/or services that the platform provides to the user.
We hereby inform you that you can receive communications by e-mail or on your phone, to inform you of potential incidents, errors, problems and/or the status of your requests.
For the sending of commercial communications, the express consent of the user at the time of registration will be requested. In this regard, the user may revoke the consent given by addressing VIRREY EVENTS, in any of the ways listed above. In any case, in each commercial communication, you will be given the possibility to unsubscribe from receiving said communications, either through a link and/or e-mail address.
On the website, you are offered the option to subscribe to the VIRREY EVENTS Newsletter. To do so, it is necessary that you provide an e-mail address to which it will be forwarded.
Such information will be stored in a VIRREY EVENTS database, in which it will remain registered until the interested party requests to be unsubscribed or, as the case may be, VIRREY EVENTS stops sending said newsletter.
The legal basis for the processing of these personal data is the express consent given by all the interested parties who subscribe for this service by checking the box intended for such purpose.
The e-mail data shall be only processed and stored with the purpose of managing the Newsletter mailing for the users who request it.
To deliver the Newsletter, the express consent of the user at the time of registration shall be requested by checking the box intended for such purpose. In this regard, the user may revoke the consent given by addressing VIRREY EVENTS , in any of the ways listed above. In any event, in each communication, you will be given the possibility to unsubscribe from receiving said communications, either through a link and/or an e-mail address.
Billing and filing the appropriate tax returns.
The legal basis is of contractual origin, acceptance of an agency agreement.
Answering to your questions, requests or petitions.
Managing the service requested, answering your requests or processing your application.
Information by electronic means, related to your request.
Commercial information or information on events by electronic means, provided that there is express permission.
Budget preparation and monitoring through communications between the two parties.
Managing administrative services, logistics and communications carried out by the responsible party.
The legal basis is your consent and the performance of a contract.
The legal basis is the acceptance of a contractual relationship, or failing that, your consent by contacting us or offering us your products by any means.
Answering your questions, requests or petitions.
Working together and creating a community of followers.
We can only check or remove your data to a limited extent, being that you have a specific profile. We will process them as long as you allow us by following us, being friends on the social network or "liking" or "following" us or our posts, or in any other similar way.
You must make any rectification of your data or information or publications restriction through your profile or user settings in the social network itself.
Video surveillance of our premises.
Sometimes they can be transferred to the courts for the application of legitimate actions.
The unambiguous consent of the person concerned when accessing our facilities after viewing the informational poster in the monitored area.
Organization in hiring processes for the recruitment of employees.
Arranging job interviews with you and assessing your application.
If you have given us your consent, we may transfer it to cooperating or related parties, with the only goal of helping you find employment.
The legal basis is your unequivocal consent by giving us your résumé and receiving and signing information relating to the subsequent data processing.
The résumé will be stored for the period of one year, time after which, in the case of our not having contacted you, it will be deleted.
Management of the employment relationship and worker's record.
Carrying out all those administrative, fiscal and accounting procedures required to meet our contractual commitments, obligations in the field of labour legislation, Social Security, occupational tax and accounting hazard prevention.
Payroll management by means of a financial institution.
T&A control by means of an access control system with fingerprint/card capabilities (if need be).
Management of the company's group insurance policies/ pension plans.
Carrying out training actions both subsidized and non-subsidized.
The legal basis for the processing of your personal data is the performance of a contract between the parties. Compliance with the relevant legal obligations. The consent from the interested party.
We do not, as a general rule we only process data provided to us by the owners. If you give us data from third parties, you must previously, inform and request the consent from said parties, otherwise we are exempt from any liability for breach of this requirement.
And data relating to minors?
We do not process data from minors under 14 years of age, therefore, refrain from providing us with your data if you are under 14.
Will we contact you electronically?
We will only contact you electronically to manage your requests, if it is one of the means of contact with which you have provided us.
You can rest easy: We have adopted an optimal level of protection of the personal data that we handle, and we have installed all the means and technical measures at our disposal, according to the latest state-of-the-art technology, to prevent the loss, misuse, alteration, unauthorized access and theft of personal data.
To what extent will decision making processes be automated?
VIRREY EVENTS does not use fully automated decision-making processes to engage, develop, or finish a contractual relationship with the user. If we use these processes in a particular case, we will keep you informed and will communicate you your rights in this regard if so prescribed by the law.
In order to offer you products and/or services according to your interests and enhance your user experience, we may develop a "business profile" based on the information provided. However, no automated decisions will be made based on that profile.
With whom will your data be shared?
The companies comprising The Morgana Group.
Personal data will not be passed on to third parties unless it is to comply with statutory provisions. In particular, they shall be shared with the National Tax Administration Agency and banks and financial institutions for the payment of the service provided or product purchased, as well as responsible for the treatment necessary for the execution of the agreement.
In the case of a purchase or payment, if you choose any application, web, platform, credit card, or any other online service, your data will be transferred to said platform or will be processed in its environment, always with the maximum security.
In the event that you have given us your consent to the processing of your name and images and other information, relating to the activity of VIRREY EVENTS, they will be published on the different social networks and the VIRREY EVENTS website.
Whenever VIRREY EVENTS needs to transfer data internationally, they shall only be made to entities enabled by the Privacy Shield European Union-United States agreement (further information: https://www.privacyshield.gov/welcome), to entities that have demonstrated compliance with the level of protection and offer guarantees in line with the parameters and expected requirements in the current legislation on data protection, such as the European Regulation, or when there is a legal authorization to carry out the international transfer.
To request the deletion of your data if they are no longer needed for the purposes for which they were collected or if you withdraw the consent you granted.
To request the limitation of the treatment of your data, in some cases, in which case only we will retain them in accordance with the regulations in force.
To move your data, which will be provided to you in a structured, common or machine-readable format. If you prefer, we can send them to the new responsible party of your appointment. This only applies to certain cases.
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The estate has been handed down through the generations from father to son until reaching its current owners.
In 1988, the houses were refurbished and transformed into a hotel establishment. The different rooms and communal areas have been decorated to preserve the distinctive Majorcan character typical in this type of estate.


RIBBON BARS, all countries, all time periods, but especially German 1897-1945.
Imperial German officers biographical research from documents, photos, and 'anonymous' medal bar and ribbon bar combinations. Into Third Reich for senior officers.
Democratic Republic of Georgia 1918-21. Turkey 1914-18. Finland 1918-44.
Soviet award groups, officers' award research, and uniforms 1935-1968. Soviet groups and research on "advisors" 1950+.
Civil police in any totalitarian regime.
Unfortunately no. He was an exact clone for the American gay writer Gore Vidal, though.
I was HOPING this would be easier than it turned out to be, but no such luck. That's the problem with Imperial enlisted men. There are no awards given in the R.A.D. Seniority Lists and nobody with a truly weird enough name to "know" that had to be THE one. For instnce, there was an Oskar Beyer who got the PrGMVK as a medical NCO...but no way to determine from what I have (Ptazwall's PrGMVK list) if he was the Oskar Beyer who was an R.A.D. Oberstfeldmeister in 1938. Even if his arm shield showed numbers, that might have been a help. Oh well!!!!
The World's Most BIZARRE Award-- A New Chapter!
I would say that is the Prussian Golden Military Merit Cross-- the Pour le Merite for enlisted men. It started to be a fashion in the Third Reich to wear that from the buttonhole--never like HE is though just to not "lose" it in a medal bar. I have never checked PrGMVK recipients against the junior RAD officers Dienstaltersliste--I will do that today.
Here he is (top entry) from the 1905 Ordensliste, Nachtrag 2: Funny but I never thought of military railway in Southwest Africa then!
OK, if these are your "bits and bobs" now show us the GOOD stuff! Hadn't paid attention to this from the thread title. You've got a fantastic range of medal bars--how long have you been collecting these?
The only Fritz von Otto I find was a technical officer in flying corps WW1 *1887, awards do not match--so if he WAS that "Oberst" he would have been Luftwaffe The only Böhlers who turn up were Badeners--no match Wahls certainly came from Württemberg, but I find no Eugen. There were Karl, Otto, and Wilhelm with WF3bXs, and Kriegsgerichtssekretär who could not be that man. Your non career officer looks like he was in artillery, maybe, from the Waffenfarbe shade on his insignia. For a non-career Major he was probably a char. Hauptmann aD after the First War. I agree that is a WW2 Rumanian "war ribbon" used on most Orders, in his burttonhole.
Classic so-called 3rd Class !!!
Oh, make me weep!!!! Such things NEVER get over here! Is there an award DATE on that last one.. or did they forget in all the artwork?
"If it's in a museum, it stays there, and the story is preserved a lot longer and more securely than any one of us in the family could preserve it." Actually, far more often than not: dumped in storage, forgotten, lost, stolen, or ...thrown away AGAIN. As--is far far more common than nice, well-meaning people would like to believe--are medals very deliberately chucked out in yard sales because the "near and dear" don't give a damn, either. Sadly, all too often the only people who DO care are... collectors.
They are paper... in cardboard boxes in the attic... or cellar... somewhere. Pre-internet Old People stuff!


text:
The Drinking Age Act Of 1984 Essays
Drinking and driving is a dangerous combination at any age. Everyone has something to do with the drinking age. Our grandparents or great grandparents were affect with the drinking age being 18 then being changed to 21. We now are affected because the drinking age is 21 and we want it to be 18. So whether it has to do with waiting until their 21 to do it legally, to drinking underage, and to fighting to get it lowered to the age of 21. This is because of the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984, which raised the drinking age from 21 to 18. The drinking age was once 18 and we survived.
On July 17, 1984 President Ronald Reagan signed into law that national minimum drinking age act, which withheld a percentage of highway fund from any state that didn't raise the minimum drinking age to 21 ( Christensen, CNN). With the fact that if states didn't raise their drinking age to 21 then their highways would be be cut due to not complying with the federal government and what they want to do. With raising the drinking age it has helped prevent the amount of students drinking at a young age. Since the law came into effect it has lowered the amount of teens drinking underage, and lowered the amount of people buying alcohol. The MADD
Our grandparents had the drinking age at 18 and managed just fine. Looking back on studies done since the National Minimum Drinking Age Act came into effect, it has not only lowered the amount of fatal crashes among teens, but it has also raised the amount of underground/binge drinking that occurs with teens on a regular basis. Before the drinking age was lowered to 21 the amount of fatal crashes that involved 18 - 20 year old was 61% in 1982 and when the law was raised to 21 it changed to 31% in 1995 (Chris...
...e to do a lot of things. Like make child seats mandatory in cars, the last to accept money from the federal Women, Infant and children supplemental nutrition programme, let alone they were going to be the last to raise their drinking age from 18 to 21 ( Economist Intelligence Unit).
There are people all over the nation that believe the drinking age should be 21, but their are people right behind them stating it should be 18. With the facts about why the drinking age should be 18 and the fact that when you turn 18 you graduate from high school, then go off to college when everyone knows you will drink at some point. The law should be lowered to 18 or the states should decide on a drinking age for their states, because teens are off and making their own life at that age. Whether drinking choses to be a part of it should be left up to them not the federal government.
The Minimum Drinking Age Act Of 1984 Essay
- "Alcohol is a toxic, potentially addictive drug that causes more damage to the individual and society than all illegal drugs combined—in fact, alcohol kills nearly seven times more young Americans than all illegal drugs combined (Katherine, Nicholas 19)." When the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 was passed on July 17, 1984 that was a day the United States took a step in the correct direction with a problem with alcohol. What the bill did was any state at that time allowing young adults under the age of 21, would not be allowed to purchase or publicly possess alcohol.... [tags: Drinking culture, Legal drinking age]
The Drinking Age Act Of 1984 Essay
- Drugs are always a very controversial topic because they inhibit the senses and can cause many problems whether or not it is illegal. Recently, there have been changes in the drug policy within the United States bringing about an opportunity to revisit an older policy, the Drinking Age Act of 1984. In a research study by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, underage drinking accumulates for about $22.5 billion or 17.5% of the money spent paying for alcohol in the United States. In 2006, 72.2% of twelfth graders admitted to drinking alcohol at some point in their lives.(Joseph Califano Jr, National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University website) Twel... [tags: Alcohol law, Alcoholic beverage, Drinking culture]
Essay on The National Drinking Age Act Of 1984
- The National Drinking Age Act of 1984 was the law that basically told states they had to enact a minimum drinking age of 21 or they would lose up to 10 percent of their federal highway funding. Due to that fact the states quickly complied. This law does not prohibit drinking but outlaws the purchase and public possession by anyone under the age of 21. There are exceptions to this law such as possession and drinking for religious reasons, while in the company of parents, spouse, or guardians who are over the age of 21, medical uses, and during legal employment.... [tags: Drinking culture]
Essay about Lowering The Drinking Age Act Of 1984
- The federal government passed the Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 which stated the states would lose 10% of their Federal highway funds if they did not comply. In turn, this resulted in all fifty states and the District of Columbia changed the drinking age to twenty-one. Since raising the drinking age, many Americans have voiced frustration with the law. Americans argue that if one can vote, join the army, and marry at eighteen, then he or she should be able to buy an alcoholic beverage. State politicians agree the age requirement is too high, but fear the loss of federal funding for state roads.... [tags: Drinking culture, Alcoholic beverage, Alcoholism]
- Drinking and driving is a big issue throughout the world causing many accidents. Intoxicated drivers go behind the wheel all the time causing harm to not just themselves but to innocent people on the roads. The question is to stay sober or to find a designated driver. People need to understand how important it is to not drink and drive. There are many things that could occur due to drinking and driving. Individuals can cause accidents and many face legal repercussions. These legal repercussions can even affect your life later on, if not right away.... [tags: Alcohol law, Drunk driving]
The National Minimum Drinking Age Act Of 1984 Essay example
- Around the world new adults are flaunting their new found responsibilities consuming alcohol at the average age of 18. However, unlike most countries in the world the United States has determined to establish their drinking age to be set at 21 years of age. This antiquated position is unjust to many young American adults. The National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 should be revised and reconstituted to the legal age of 18. To provide a more suitable America that is secure and reasonable for all young adults.... [tags: Drinking culture, Alcoholism, Alcoholic beverage]
Essay on The Legal Drinking Age Of 1984
- The legal drinking age is the age which one has to attain to be protected by the law when purchasing or drinking alcohol in the given country. The national minimum drinking age act of 1984 raised the legal drinking age from the previous 18 years to 21 years (Carpenter & Carlos). The enactment of the law saw the United States get into a group of four states in the world where the legal drinking age is above 18 years with the other three countries being Japan, South Korea, and Iceland. In the recent past, arguments have been advanced on whether the legal drinking age in the United States should be lowered to eighteen years or remain at 21 years.... [tags: Drinking culture, Alcoholism, Binge drinking]
Lowering the Drinking Age Essay
- Every year, thousands of deaths occur as a result of drunk driving, and every day people are facing the consequences of irresponsible drinking. Because of the issues caused by irresponsible drinking, the US government passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act in 1984 which raised the minimum drinking age to twenty-one to prevent drinking-related accidents and violence. Despite the intent of its passing, it was a counterproductive decision. Because of the higher age restriction, high school upperclassmen and college underclassmen see drinking as an exciting, rebellious act.... [tags: minimum drinking age act, alcohol]
Lowering The Legal Drinking Age Essay
- Lowering the Legal Drinking Age From 21 to 18 In the United States the legal drinking age, with a few exceptions, is 21; this should be changed from 21 to the age of 18. This would help high schoolers and college students who generally commit the act of underage drinking anyways to avoid long lasting legal repercussions. This would also remove the excitement that many underage drinkers feel since for many, it would now be legal. This would help to lessen temptation and encourage today's youth to drink in a more safe and responsible environment since it would be considered a normal activity and would no longer need to be done in secrecy.... [tags: Drinking culture, Legal drinking age]
The Minimum Legal Drinking Age Essay
- Hannah Gates Ms. Carlson Pre-AP English II 4 November 2015 The Minimum Legal Drinking Age in the United States	Bob Marley once said, "Herb is the healing of a nation, alcohol is the destruction." This is the case when it comes to teens and alcohol. In America, the National Minimum Legal Drinking Age is a topic of great debate and controversy. Many people argue that the age restriction provides a safe environment for all citizens; whereas others disagree that the law creates an untrustworthy aura among teens.... [tags: Drinking culture, Legal drinking age]
Cyberbullying And Its Effects On America 's Teens
Arab Spring And Its Impact On Libya
The Rights And Responsibility : Katharine J. Looker And Timothy B. Hallett 's Article, Individual Freedom
The Greatest Musicians Of The 20th Century
The Importance Of Informed Practice On Registered Nurses


Trailblazer Tuesday is back! I was stoked to get my hiking shoes and Camelbak out of storage to present you with a fun, challenging hike, until I realized just how out-of-shape I am. Whoops. I had to reevaluate and find a hike that is a good starter hike for the beginning of the season. I opted for a solid, decently short intermediate hike involving Spiro, one of Park City's most popular trails.
As I've mentioned in some of my previous Trailblazer posts, I have a serious problem with getting lost on some of these trails. The best part of this hike is how easy it is: every time you get to a trail crossing (not a road), hang a right. This path is incredibly straightforward, and you would really have to try to get lost.
To begin this hike, you'll access Jenni's Trail from the Park City Mountain Resort Base Area and First Time Face. This portion of Jenni's is uphill-only, so make sure you take this trail the way I'm describing it and not backwards. Jenni's Trail was cut two years ago, and as it's pretty new, it's still pretty wide and easy navigate. Jenni's zigzags through the 3 Kings terrain park, and since it's still pretty early in the summer, there are several mounds of snow where the jumps were located all winter. One of the larger mounds you'll come across is actually right in the center of the trail. Just hike up and around the snow, and you'll find Jenni's again next to the trees on the other side of the run.
The first trail crossing you'll come to is Crescent Mine Grade (CMG), just after you get past the First Time Lift. Hang a right! It's a pretty sharp turn (maybe 30 degrees). From here, you'll continue a steady grade uphill, hiking past the Eagle Chairlift and its midstation. The next trail intersection is another sharp turn onto Eagle. From Eagle on, you'll be hiking downhill. Follow Eagle until it deadends into Spiro. While descending Spiro, you'll come across a lot of mountain bikers heading downhill. Be aware of them, and use your hiking manners and share the trail.
Eventually, Spiro ends into a fork: Silver Spur and "To Armstrong". Make sure you take the right and slight uphill to Silver Spur. This will take you right back to the 3 Kings park, Eagle Superpipe and Base Area. Later in the summer, Silver Spur cuts through the Superpipe. Right now, the pipe walls are still big piles of snow. I'd recommend taking the dirt road when it crosses Silver Spur before you reach the pipe to avoid the snow. The road will take you back to the Main Base Area.
This loop is perfect for a lunch break hike, quick walk with your dog, or just to get some great views of the mountain.


No need to give Ishimura your money.
Crafty Dead Space 3 players have uncovered an item-spawning glitch that can be used to farm unlimited resources.
It means that, with a little time and patience, you can entirely avoid the game's controversial micro-transactions but still reap the extra resources they provide.
Dead Space 3's micro-transaction system allows you to swap real-world money for in-game resources, used to craft bigger and better weapons.
The glitch (which simply involves exiting and re-entering a room) can spawn one of these resources. Alternatively it can offer up a health or stasis pack, which in turn may be sold to buy yet more resources.
Dan Whitehead authored Eurogamer's Dead Space 3 review, in which he described the game's micro-transaction system as "greedy".
"Should you run low on any particular resource, you can top yourself up by spending real money from the workbench menu," he wrote. "Technically, you won't need to. I managed to complete the game without spending any extra and never felt like I'd been held back, but by the same token there were plenty of moments where I fell just short of what was needed.
"I scraped through, but faced with an uncertain journey to the next workbench, it's easy to see how the temptation would be hard to resist, especially when certain resources are conspicuously less common than others."
Publisher EA has also faced criticism of the game's 11 day-one DLC packs - upgrades for your Scavenger Bots, extra suits, weapons and the like.
Yesterday EA announced Dead Space 3: Awakening, the game's first story DLC, due out next month.
Dead Space 3 launches in the UK this Friday.
You can see a video of the glitch in action below (thanks, GameFront). How long will it take before EA rushes out a fix?


As a specialist immigration law firm, Theva Solicitors are proud to offer legal services encompassing all aspects of human rights, asylum and immigration law.
Our team of dedicated and professional lawyers possess a wealth of experience in their field, meaning we can proudly boast an ability to offer legal solutions of all types, whether on an individual basis, or for businesses. Ensuring compliance with British Immigration and Nationality Laws, we confidently deal with business immigration, individual immigration, immigration appeals and reduced fixed fee cases as well.
Given the frequently-changing nature of immigration law, we fiercely implore our lawyers to keep up to speed with the regular alterations. In addition to being vastly experienced and highly trained, our immigration solicitors are always keen to enhance their already expansive knowledge, preparing them to implement theory, formerly or newly learned, into practice.
Having enjoyed much success with Home Office UK Border Agency applications, and through the provision of a same-day Visa service in particular, we have garnered an excellent reputation for the confirmation of Fast Track Premium appointments. We value each client, whether an individual or a business, equally, and take pride in our tremendous levels of client care.
For more information about our immigration law work, or any of our outstanding legal services, please don't hesitate to get in touch with us. You can leave your details on our contact us page, or call 0208 478 5797.


This is an adaptation of the Sass/Less comparison document.
Not a comprehensive overview of features of either library but a comparison of commonalities.
// [Accessibility] Images must always have an alt attribute.
Avoid console errors in browsers that lack a console.
* Equalise the height of boxes (uses min-height).
// Get max height from list then apply to all.
jQuery alterClass plugin: Remove element classes with wildcard matching. Optionally add classes.


Nowadays people run very busy lives and getting enough time to do all the chores is almost impossible. Are you one of those who works for eight hours a day and still does not want to compromise the quality of your diet? Some innovative kitchen appliances such as a dishwasher, coffee grinder, microwave and a meat grinder are must haves to every homeowner. A meat grinder will help you save time when preparing foods. The following are the essential considerations when selecting meat grinders.
There are three types of meat grinders namely standalone, manual and meat grinder attachments. A standalone meat grinder is usually the most efficient and uses electric power. It can grind large quantities which make it a favorite pick for sausage preparation. A meat grinder attachment works automatically and requires an electrical source. This type is also ideal for grinding other types of foods such as chili and pepper. A manual meat grinder does not require electric power to operate. It is not ideal for huge quantities because it is labor intensive.
The durability of any kitchen appliances depends on the maintenance that the homeowner takes. Meat grinders come in either plastic or metallic material. Stainless steel is the ideal material because it is easy to clean and does not rust.
You have to evaluate the price of various meat grinders against their features. You can compare the price in different stores to make an informed decision. Standalone grinders are usually the most expensive while manual ones are the least expensive. You can read various reviews when comparing different brands with the same features.
Just as http://preppingmeat.com indicates, some meat grinders are fit for home use while others are for commercial use. A Standalone grinder is the most ideal for those who want to grind large quantities of meat. A Manual meat grinder is somehow slow and fit for those that are not in a hurry. The size of your family is an important consideration when selecting this kitchen tool.
This appliance has several parts that make grinding realistic. You have to check the material that makes parts such as the blades, cover, plate, and hopper. A blade with small holes guarantees you of small minces of meat. Wide plates can hold large pieces of meat which make the process efficient.
Understanding the above considerations ensures that you select a meat grinder that suits your needs. These appliances need regular cleaning and maintenance to make them long-lasting.


Marketing is all about communication. Everything - the product, price, channels, people, processes as well as promotion - says something about a brand. The biggest challenge - as in life - how to communicate to ensure our audience's complete understanding.
Chris Anderson, Editor in Chief of Wired magazine and author of The Long Tail is about to release his new book 'Free'. Due out in July, the book has developed from his article which appeared in Wired "Free! Why $0.00 Is the Future of Business in 2008 which describes a viable business model of building revenue by giving away most of your services. It posits that 'freeeconomics' is not just 'a marketing gimmick' but a 'fundamental strategy' changing the way the world does business. The business model is underpinned by digital technology and consumers seeking value.
As companies increasingly utilise the technology to build revenue and engage with their customers, there is certain to be more consideration of this strategy. The Long Tail which described companies operating successfully by selling lots of quirky products in small quantities has oft been cited as a paradigm shifting. It seems Free is set to shift another.
And there has been some discussion if Free will be indeed Free. Apparently some if it will be free.
Link to Chris Anderson's blog. Links to : related interesting articles.
A well designed and interesting postcard arrived the other day from our local Mini dealership. The marketing piece invited test drives timed to suit their busy customers' timetable. It also provided details of something extra - a gourmet food and refreshment package to suit the time of the drive. For example if you were taking a breakfast drive, you would receive croissants, other pastries, orange juice and coffee.
The mailer demonstrates some aspects of services marketing. The dealership was aware and mindful of their customers' needs - in this case - their time constraints; and addressed these needs in not only the timing of their test drives but by providing the food package. They 'augmented' their service to make it a better experience overall resulting in a nice and more likely successful promotion.
In this current economic climate companies should be seeking ways to provide something extra for clients and integrate this focus into every marketing plan and activity. By doing this, companies will be creating more value - something their customers are seeking more than ever. It also provides an opportunity to solidify customer relationships. A win/win all round.
The marketing possibilities of social media are endless. It is also interesting to consider the way offline and online communications are integrating. Once, it might have been considered that the old way of connecting with customers (offline media) was being replaced by the newer cyberspace communication.
However this week I've heard several stories of businesses making contact with other businesses or customers through cyber connections and building relationships which have resulted in non cyber conversations (!) and business transactions. It seems offline and online - the old and the new - are working very well together in building relationships.
With the huge numbers of people using social media, businesses can't ignore this phenomena in their marketing media mixes. Facebook alone has 100 million users worldwide and is ranked the 4th most trafficked website in the world. And its not just being frequented by the very young. Facebook's fastest growing demographic is the 25-35 year olds.
Social media is a great opportunity for business - particularly in building relationships, and is made even more powerful when combined with the 'old'.


Anyone know what went down at the Upshur dog park earlier in the week?
Anyone know where I can get foie gras?
Looking for recommendations for Thanksgiving meal delivery.
Dear PoPville – Thanksgiving Takeout Recommendations?


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