text:
What Are Three Examples Of Civil Rights?
Frances Bott answered
Three examples of civil rights are: Freedom of speech, press and assembly; freedom from involuntary servitude; and the right to vote.
There has been a variety of laws that have been passed to make sure that these rights are not violated based on things such as a person's religion, sex, age, race, physical ability, national origin, previous state of servitude, and sexual orientation.
• Freedom of speech, press and assembly
This particular civil right is based on the idea that people have the right to voice their opinions without fear of any retribution. It is not restricted to speaking in public, and includes other forms of representation, such as the freedom of the press and assembly. Naturally, there are other laws in place that make sure that individuals are not allowed to make slanderous or libelous comments, or incite hatred without being punished for it.
Most countries recognize the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, but there are some dictatorial countries that are overtly repressive and inflict strict censorship. Breaking these laws brings swift and harsh punishments.
• Freedom from involuntary servitude
This is legal and constitutional terminology in the United States that makes it illegal for someone to be forced into working for somebody else against their will and under coercion. There are some exception to this, such as if it is for the punishment for a crime, or for carrying out some public duties like jury service.
• The right to vote
In the United States, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 made it illegal for any discriminatory procedures, or for there to be any qualifying measures put in place that would prevent any adults from taking part in voting. This was to directly address the discrimination that was exercised in much of the US against African Americans.
The right to vote ,
Right to speech, right to vote, Freedom of press
What Was The Purpose Of The Freedmen's Bureau And Civil Rights Bills?
Freedmen's Bureau and Civil Rights bills were in effect meant to protect the various the rights of Freedmen....
What Is The Difference Between 'Civil Liberty' And 'Civil Right'?
Civil liberties are assured by a government. It restricts itself to protect its nation from bossy government....
What Are Some Examples Of The Three Types Of Solutions?
There are various types of solutions and I am giving the examples of all. Example are as follows:Solution...
What Does Civil Rights Mean?
References & Definitions
The term civil rights implies all the prerogatives, privileges, rights and facilities that a citizen...
What Are Three Examples Of Non-renewable Resources Beside Coal, Oil, And, Natural Gas?
What are three examples of nonrenewable resources beside fossil fuel...
What Are The Three Dimensions To Business Problems? Provide Examples Of Each.
What are the three dimensions to business problems? Provide examples of each....
What Are Three Examples Of Disaccharides?
Glucose + glucose = maltose glucose + fructose = sucrose glucose + galactose = lactose...
What Are Three Examples Of Fuel?
Gasoline kerosene methanol...
What Are The Contributions Of Egyptian Civilization?
Egypt is located in northeast and southwest Asia, Africa, Asia, Africa and Europe for the three states...
What Are The Contributions Of Asian Civilization To The World?
Chinese food....
What Does Servitude Mean?
When Did Civil Rights Become Part Of The U.S. Constitution?
What Is "Orientalism?"
Can You Describe The Role Civil Disobedience Played In The Civil Rights Movement.?
What Makes The Government Non Democratic?
How Did The "I Have A Dream" Speech Affect The Civil Rights Movement?
What gifted musician,was heavily involved in the 1960s civil rights movement with King and Caser Chavez?
How Do You Define An Activist?
Should I get a boyfriend?
When did you last show your Parents that you Appreciate them?,
Can You Name 10 Country Songs?
Do you think I am pregnant?I had s*x two days before my period was meant to start. My period didn't come at all.
How Many Inches Is 6'x3'?


text:
Labor Links
Other Cultural Links
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Bruce Ridge authors book on ICSOM
Last Year's Words, and Next Year's Voices: Essays and Speeches from a Decade as Chairman of the International Conference of Symphony and Opera Musicians, by former ICSOM Chairperson Bruce Ridge, is now available. This collection of writings serves as a remarkable journal of advocacy on behalf of one of the world's greatest cultural treasures: our symphony orchestras.
The book is available from the publisher here. It is available from Amazon here.
History of the Detroit Symphony
This new book details the history of the Detroit Symphony. Authors are Laurie Harris and DSO Emeritus member Paul Ganson.
The Arts from The Bottom Up
"The Arts From The Bottom Up" by Marsha Schweitzer, subtitled "Three Little Books about Labor, Management, and Mission in the Arts," is a collection of articles, letters, essays, and notes Schweitzer wrote between 1978 and 2017.
More Than	Meets the Ear - How Symphony Musicians Made Labor History
Learn more about this fascinating book by Julie Ayer.
These links are being provided as a convenience and for informational purposes only; they do not constitute an endorsement or an approval by ICSOM of any of the products, services or opinions of the corporation or organization or individual. ICSOM bears no responsibility for the accuracy, legality or content of the external site or for that of subsequent links. Contact the external site for answers to questions regarding its content.
Woodwind quintet playing for MaliVai Washington Kids Foundation
Photo credit: Photo by Laird, courtesy of Jacksonville Symphony Orchestra

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Ronaldo scored twice in the first 18 minutes to put his side 2-0 ahead against a rival struggling in the relegation zone.
Real Madrid opened up a seven-point lead over La Liga title holders FC Barcelona while remaining six clear of second-placed Sevilla as it rode its luck to defeat Sporting Gijon 2-1.
Although superstar striker Cristiano Ronaldo scored twice in the first 18 minutes to put his side 2-0 ahead against a rival struggling in the relegation zone, Madrid allowed Sporting to claw back into the game at the Santiago Bernabeu Stadium on Saturday.
Carlos Carmona pulled the visitors back before halftime and Duje Cop wasted a magnificent chance to take an unlikely point when he skied a penalty high and wide after a foul on Victor Rodriguez with just 15 minutes remaining.
Despite that miss, Sporting kept on pressing. It was Real Madrid, on a rainy afternoon, who was waiting for the final whistle to end the match.
Sevilla recovered from their midweek defeat in the Champions League with a 2-1 home win over Valencia thanks to an own goal from Ezequiel Garay and a shot from Nico Pareja following a corner 15 minutes from time.
Munir had scored for Valencia 10 minutes earlier to give them hopes of a draw but it remained only a fleeting glimmer of to their aspirations.
Malaga claimed its fifth successive home win as it won 4-3 at home to Deportivo La Coruna.
Deportivo look an early lead thanks to a Celso Borges penalty, but Michael Santos equalised from the penalty spot before Sandro Ramirez made it 2-1 with an excellent free kick.
Santos scored Malaga's third goal, 10 minutes after the break to extend the lead to 3-1. But Florin Andone scored a header to give Deportivo hope and an error from Carlos Kameni saw Borges equalise in the closing minutes.
The game looked destined for a draw, but youngster Ontiveros gave Malaga the win in injury time with an unstoppable 25-yard shot.
Pablo Piatti scored twice as Espanyol upped the pace to claim its first home with of the season with a 3-0 victory over Leganes.
A dull game sprang to life with Gerard Moreno's goal in the 46th minute. Piatti assured the points with his first goal six minutes later and his second with two minutes left on the clock.


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Responding with alarm to Hitler's rise, the Jewish community sought to defend their rights as Germans. For those Jews who felt themselves fully German and who had patriotically fought in World War I, the Nazification of German society was especially painful. Zionist activity intensified. "Wear it with pride," journalist Robert Weltsch wrote in 1933 of the Jewish identity the Nazis had so stigmatized. Religious philosopher Martin Buber led an effort at Jewish adult education, preparing the community for the long journey ahead. Rabbi Leo Baeck circulated a prayer for Yom Kippur (the Day of Atonement) in 1935 that instructed Jews on how to behave: "We bow down before God; we stand erect before man." Yet while few, if any, could foresee its eventual outcome, the Jewish condition was increasingly perilous and was expected to worsen.
Around one in six Jews killed in the Holocaust died in Auschwitz.[195] By nation, the greatest number of Auschwitz's Jewish victims originated from Hungary, accounting for 430,000 deaths, followed by Poland (300,000), France (69,000), Netherlands (60,000), Greece (55,000), Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (46,000), other camps (34,000), Slovakia (27,000), Belgium (25,000), Germany and Austria (23,000), Yugoslavia (10,000), Italy (7,500), and Norway (690).[6] Fewer than one percent of Soviet Jews murdered in the Holocaust were killed in Auschwitz; German forces had already been driven from Russia when the killing at Auschwitz reached its peak in 1944.[196] Of the 400 Jehovah's Witnesses who were imprisoned at Auschwitz, 132 died there.[197]
I visited in 1991 with a bus full of young people partying around Europe. When we got back on the bus - there was silence and sobbing for an hour or more as we drove off to our next destination. It is a traumatic experience seeing the depths of evil that mankind can descend to - every human should see this place and think twice about how you treat your fellow man. The sheer scale of the place is amazing -I am so lucky to live in a free multicultural country where racial discrimination is not tolerated and where we learn history about the rest of the world - not just our own. But nothing can prepare you for the horrors of this place - it makes you wonder how such hatred can infest the mind and you can then treat fellow humans - including children and babies - as less than animals like stamping on ants. Here I am writing about it 20 years later when out of interest I was browsing the subject on the internet and came across this site - and it saddens me that ignorant people who havent been there can make some of the disgusting comments that are on this page.
British theorists John Frederick Charles Fuller and Captain Basil Henry Liddell Hart have often been associated with the development of blitzkrieg, though this is a matter of controversy. In recent years historians have uncovered that Liddell Hart distorted and falsified facts to make it appear as if his ideas were adopted. After the war Liddell Hart imposed his own perceptions, after the event, claiming that the mobile tank warfare practised by the Wehrmacht was a result of his influence.[142] By manipulation and contrivance, Liddell Hart distorted the actual circumstances of the blitzkrieg formation, and he obscured its origins. Through his indoctrinated idealisation of an ostentatious concept, he reinforced the myth of blitzkrieg. By imposing, retrospectively, his own perceptions of mobile warfare upon the shallow concept of blitzkrieg, he "created a theoretical imbroglio that has taken 40 years to unravel."[143] Blitzkrieg was not an official doctrine and historians in recent times have come to the conclusion that it did not exist as such.[a]
Historians are divided about the motivations of the members of these mobile killing units. American historian Christopher Browning described one such unit, Police Battalion 101, as ordinary men in extraordinary circumstances in which conformity, peer pressure, careerism, obedience to orders, and group solidarity gradually overcame moral inhibitions. American writer Daniel Goldhagen viewed the very same unit as "willing executioners," sharing Hitler's vision of genocidal anti-Semitism and finding their tasks unpleasant but necessary. The diversity of the killers has challenged Goldhagen's view that the motivation was a distinct form of German anti-Semitism. Yet both Browning and Goldhagen concurred that none of these killers faced punishment if he asked to be excused. Individuals had a choice whether to participate or not. Almost all chose to become killers.
This is the true story of one remarkable man who outwitted Hitler and the Nazis to save more Jews from the gas chambers than any other during World War II. It is the story of Oscar Schindler who surfaced from the chaos of madness, spent millions bribing and paying off the SS and eventually risked his life to rescue 1200 Jews in the shadow of Auschwitz. In those years, millions of Jews died in the Nazi death camps, but Schindler's Jews miraculously survived.
Blitzkrieg tactics often affected civilians in a way perceived by some to be negative — sometimes intentionally, and sometimes not. Whereas more traditional conflict resulted in a well-defined, slow moving front line, giving civilians time to be evacuated to safety, the new approach did not provide for this luxury. As a result, civilian casualties, as a percentage of the total, increased substantially. Furthermore, in the total war doctrine, civilians were explicitly targeted (as in the Allied bombing of Dresden), in an effort to break the morale of the citizenry of a country in order to frustrate attempts at production, and ultimately support for the cause over which the war was fought.
Throughout the spring and summer of 1940, the German army expanded Hitler's empire in Europe, conquering Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and France. Beginning in 1941, Jews from all over the continent, as well as hundreds of thousands of European Gypsies, were transported to the Polish ghettoes. The German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941 marked a new level of brutality in warfare. Mobile killing units called Einsatzgruppenwould murder more than 500,000 Soviet Jews and others (usually by shooting) over the course of the German occupation.
In order to gain a more personal perspective on the film, Spielberg traveled to Poland before principal photography began to interview Holocaust survivors and visit the real-life locations that he planned to portray in the movie. While there, he visited the former Gestapo headquarters on Pomorska Street, Schindler's actual apartment, and Amon Goeth's villa.
Medical experiments conducted on camp inmates by the SS were another distinctive feature.[51] At least 7,000 prisoners were subjected to experiments; most died as a result, during the experiments or later.[52] Twenty-three senior physicians and other medical personnel were charged at Nuremberg, after the war, with crimes against humanity. They included the head of the German Red Cross, tenured professors, clinic directors, and biomedical researchers.[53] Experiments took place at Auschwitz, Buchenwald, Dachau, Natzweiler-Struthof, Neuengamme, Ravensbrück, Sachsenhausen, and elsewhere. Some dealt with sterilization of men and women, the treatment of war wounds, ways to counteract chemical weapons, research into new vaccines and drugs, and the survival of harsh conditions.[52]
After the selection process was complete, those too ill or too young to walk to the crematoria were transported there on trucks or killed on the spot with a bullet to the head.[168][169] The belongings of the arrivals were seized by the SS and sorted in an area of the camp called "Canada", so called because Canada was seen as a land of plenty. Many of the SS at the camp enriched themselves by pilfering the confiscated property.[170]
The train station of Oświęcim is about 2 km from the museum and there are public town buses connecting them (2.70 zł). There are several local trains each day, both from Kraków and from Katowice, about each 1.5-2 hours. The trip to or from Kraków central station takes a leisurely 2 hours, as the train goes slowly and stops frequently. It costs 9.50 zł.
Guderian argued that the tank would be the decisive weapon of the next war. "If the tanks succeed, then victory follows", he wrote. In an article addressed to critics of tank warfare, he wrote "until our critics can produce some new and better method of making a successful land attack other than self-massacre, we shall continue to maintain our beliefs that tanks—properly employed, needless to say—are today the best means available for land attack." Addressing the faster rate at which defenders could reinforce an area than attackers could penetrate it during the First World War, Guderian wrote that "since reserve forces will now be motorized, the building up of new defensive fronts is easier than it used to be; the chances of an offensive based on the timetable of artillery and infantry co-operation are, as a result, even slighter today than they were in the last war." He continued, "We believe that by attacking with tanks we can achieve a higher rate of movement than has been hitherto obtainable, and—what is perhaps even more important—that we can keep moving once a breakthrough has been made."[154][l] Guderian additionally required that tactical radios be widely used to facilitate coordination and command by having one installed in all tanks.
The German invasion of France, with subsidiary attacks on Belgium and the Netherlands, consisted of two phases, Operation Yellow (Fall Gelb) and Operation Red (Fall Rot). Yellow opened with a feint conducted against the Netherlands and Belgium by two armoured corps and paratroopers. Most of the German armoured forces were placed in Panzer Group von Kleist, which attacked through the Ardennes, a lightly defended sector that the French planned to reinforce if need be, before the Germans could bring up heavy and siege artillery.[85][h] There was no time for such a reinforcement to be sent, for the Germans did not wait for siege artillery but reached the Meuse and achieved a breakthrough at the Battle of Sedan in three days.[86]
New arrivals to the Auschwitz camp complex were immediately sorted into two groups, those on the left and those on the right. The few in the right-hand group would be sent to one of the various camps within Auschwitz to become forced labourers. The remaining majority were sent to Birkenau, otherwise known as Auschwitz II, where they were gassed and cremated. Birkenau, the death camp of Auschwitz, was also one of the few places where, historians confirm, music regularly accompanied selections and mass murder. Former inmate Erika Rothschild remembered this macabre accompaniment:
After some time off to recover in Zwittau, Schindler was promoted to second in command of his Abwehr unit and relocated with his wife to Ostrava, on the Czech-Polish border, in January 1939.[13] He was involved in espionage in the months leading up to Hitler's seizure of the remainder of Czechoslovakia in March. Emilie helped him with paperwork, processing and hiding secret documents in their apartment for the Abwehr office.[14] As Schindler frequently travelled to Poland on business, he and his 25 agents were in a position to collect information about Polish military activities and railways for the planned invasion of Poland.[15] One assignment called for his unit to monitor and provide information about the railway line and tunnel in the Jablunkov Pass, deemed critical for the movement of German troops.[16] Schindler continued to work for the Abwehr until as late as fall 1940, when he was sent to Turkey to investigate corruption among the Abwehr officers assigned to the German embassy there.[17]


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The Profiler: Comedienne Nina G
Patti Cary
Photo by by Josh Denault.
In the mid-1950s, Alameda was home to the great comedienne Phyllis Diller. Diller, known for her brazen, self-deprecating style of wit, once said she became a comic because "I wanted to become me, totally me. The more me the better."
Fast forward to present day and meet Alameda gal, stand up comic, activist and motivational speaker Nina G. Over the past six years, Nina has found a funny way to blend her art with her activism. Self-billed as America's only stuttering female comedian, Nina knows what it's like to stand up and also take a stand.
Stuttering, a communication disorder that affects about three million people in the United States, is a learning disability that is often misunderstood. Her one-person show, "Going Beyond Inspirational" (which she performed at the Pacific Pinball Museum in April), explores growing up in the '80s and her early challenges with Catholic schools and their inability at that time to accommodate children with disabilities.
"I had some terrible teachers but I had some great ones, too," she said. "I left Catholic school with pretty low self-esteem but when I got to Alameda High they created a place where I could get help and it put me on a path."
Nina went to community college, then to the University at California, Berkeley, "then I went on to get my doctorate at another school," she said, flashing a dynamite smile.
Despite her early struggles – or quite possibly because of them – Nina discovered her love of comedy at a young age. When she was 9, her mom let her cut school and took her to see Richard Pryor's "Live at the Sunset Strip."
With the help of supportive parents and early influences such as Gilda Radner and Dick Gregory, her appreciation for comics and comedy blossomed. Because of her stuttering, though, Nina didn't think a career in stand up comedy was something she could ever pursue.
Fortunately, that perception changed in 2008 when she attended a conference of the National Stuttering Association that offered her a fresh perspective on her life and future. Six months later, Nina was working on jokes and getting herself out there – there being where aspiring comics just "go to open mics and sweat it out."
Nina knew from the start she would use comedy as a way to communicate and educate her audiences on the realities of what it means to be disabled. She was inspired to represent people with disabilities in a funny yet non-denigrating way. "Overcoming stuttering since N-N-N-NEVER" is one of Nina's taglines.
"I think the perception people have, being a stand-up comedian who stutters, is (that there are) issues around the speech," she said. "That is what makes comedy so great, is that other comedians and bookers just see you and not your disability once you get to be part of the community."
In addition to her work as a comedian, Nina's written a book for kids and adults with disabilities, Once Upon an Accommodation: A Book about Learning Disabilities. The book features a character based on her former Alameda High School resource teacher, Ms. Ramsey.
She's also produced an album, Disabled Comedy Only, which features Nina and a group of like-minded comics known as the Comedians with Disabilities Act. In the coming weeks, Nina will also be doing a motivational TED talk on how to be an effective ally for people with learning disabilities.
"It is really rewarding to get messages from all around the world, as far as India and England, from people who stutter. From what they have said, I have helped to reframe how they think of stuttering," she said.
One of her proudest moments, she said, was when she heard that attendees at the British Stammering Association convention, were quoting her jokes.
"I feel very fortunate to be doing comedy in the age of YouTube and social media and to have a platform for these kinds of (international) interactions," she said.
For more info on Nina G, visit her website at ninagcomedian.com.
Submitted by Mark Irons on Mon, Jun 8, 2015
This article makes me feel great for a number of reasons. I love that Nina has come from Alameda and has triumphed over being "different" since this town has so many weird angles, having reputation for being stuck in the past but also innovative, with many great firsts ( Home of Truth, Diller, etc.). Also, I took our nine year old son to see Kevin Smith's Dogma, and it had a similar impact on him. We aren't religious family and in fact his mom is Jewish and didn't approve, but I took him anyway. Bravo for Nina's mom for having the vision and to being brave enough to take her kid to see Prior. Being indoctrinated with conformist ideologies can become it's own kind of disability, but they are usually easier to over come than anything physical or physiological. Congrats on yer PhD Nina! I'm just reading Oliver Sacks autobiography, On the Move, so there is yet another layer of serendipity.
Nina G


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Forensic Nursing Schools
Forensic Nursing Schools in New Hampshire
Forensic Nursing Schools in Laconia, NH
Laconia has a general population of 16,411 and an overall student population of 1,310. Approximately 1,171 of Laconia's students are enrolled in schools that offer forensic nursing programs.
The largest forensic nursing school in Laconia, by student population, is Lakes Region Community College. In 2010, Lakes Region Community College graduated approximately 22 students with credentials in forensic nursing.
A reported 22 students graduated with credentials in forensic nursing in Laconia in 2010. In 2009 tuition at forensic nursing schools in Laconia was $6,066 per year, on average.
In addition to tuition costs, you should plan on spending an average of $1,200 for books and supplies each year, while enrolled in a forensic nursing program in Laconia.
Forensic Nursing Salaries and Career Outlook in Laconia
If you plan on staying in Laconia after graduating from forensic nursing school, you should know that job prospects for forensic nurses in Laconia, which is the most popular forensic nursing profession, are good. In 2010, 1 out of every 7 forensic nurses in New Hampshire were working in the greater Laconia area. By the year 2018, the number of forensic nurses is expected to increase by 17% in Laconia. This anticipated change is faster than the projected nationwide trend for forensic nurses.
The average salary you can expect to earn as a forensic nurse in Laconia is $89,030 per year, which is higher than the average for forensic nurses state-wide.
Forensic Nursing Degree in Laconia
Associates Degree in Forensic Nursing
Bachelors Degree in Forensic Nursing
Forensic Nursing Classes
Forensic Nursing Courses
Forensic Nursing Training
Forensic Nursing schools in Concord, New Hampshire
Forensic Nursing schools in Manchester, New Hampshire
Forensic Nursing schools in New London, New Hampshire
Forensic Nursing schools in Durham, New Hampshire
Forensic Nursing schools in Portsmouth, New Hampshire
Forensic Nursing schools in Claremont, New Hampshire
BSN Schools in Laconia
Forensic Nursing Schools in Laconia, New Hampshire
1 Lakes Region Community College
379 Belmont Road, Laconia, New Hampshire 03246


An 8-game In-Play menu for this week's football action is highlighted by some key tussles for NFL divisional supremacy.
The slate opens on Thursday night, when the 3-6 Buffalo Bills host the 4-5 Miami Dolphins at 5:20 p.m. PT. The Dolphins have recently hit a 2-game skid, but if they can right the ship now, a run to a wild card berth in the AFC playoffs is not out of the question with the conference significantly weaker this season than in recent years.
On Sunday, off of a bye week, the Green Bay Packers are out for their fifth straight win, while the Detroit Lions hit the most important stretch of the season. Sitting at 4-5, there is hardly any turnaround time between Sunday's 10 a.m. PT home kick-off against Green Bay, then Thursday's Thanksgiving showdown at home against the NFL's best team – the Houston Texans. The Sunday In-Play schedule concludes with the Baltimore Ravens hitting the road to take on the Ben Roethlisberger-less Pittsburgh Steelers with first place in the AFC North on the line at 5:30 p.m. PT.


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Ohio Man Informed That He's Legally Dead
Doug Mataconis · Thursday, October 10, 2013 · 26 comments
An Ohio man has been told by a local judge that, as far as the law is concerned, he's dead:
Donald Eugene Miller Jr. walked out of Hancock County Probate Court on Monday as legally dead as ever.
In 1994, the court ruled that Miller was legally dead, eight years after he disappeared from his Arcadia rental home.
The same judge, Allan Davis, ruled Monday that Miller is still dead, in the eyes of the law. Miller's request for a reversal came well after the three-year legal limit for changing a death ruling, Davis said.
Miller, 61, now of Fostoria, spoke softly in court and offered few details about his past.
Miller said he was an alcoholic who was unsure what to do after losing his job.
"My paycheck was being taken away from me and I had nothing left," he said.
"It kind of went further than I ever expected it to," Miller said. "I just kind of took off, ended up in different places," he said.
He said he briefly worked odd jobs in Atlanta and Marathon, Fla., after leaving Hancock County sometime before 1990.
His parents informed him of his "death" upon his return to Ohio in about 2005, he said.
Miller told Judge Davis he neither sought alcohol treatment nor contacted his children in the time after he left.
Miller said he would like to start his life again, or "whatever's left of it." He asked the court to reverse its 1994 death ruling so he can reinstate his canceled Social Security number and driver's license.
The court said no.
Hey, the law is the law.
FILED UNDER: Law and the Courts, Quick Takes
rodney dill says:
Thursday, October 10, 2013 at 07:54
Does this mean he doesn't have to sign up for Obamacare?
Jenos Idanian #13 says:
Sounds like a pass to go on a crime spree. Can you charge a dead man with a crime?
"Dead man gives cop wedgie, walks free"
"Local walking corpse defecates on pigeon, declares it 'payback'"
@rodney dill: Does this mean he doesn't have to sign up for Obamacare?
Since "death" is a pre-existing condition, he can't be denied coverage.
The real surprise for him was when he discovered he'd been voting Democratic for almost 20 years…
James Pearce says:
@rodney dill:
Probably not, but if he moves to South Carolina, he can probably still vote.
Ultimate casting stunt: give him a cameo on "The Walking Dead."
@James Pearce: Jinx! Beat you to it.
By less than a minute, but seconds count…
@James Pearce: Heh, or Chicago.
I found a couple of links that discuss this sort of issue, but none yet that explain (satisfactorily to me) how his new legal identity (or non-identity as the case may be) are handled by the law.
http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2253/what-happens-when-someone-legally-dead-shows-up-alive
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declared_death_in_absentia
@Jenos Idanian #13:
Jinx! Beat you to it.
Yeah, you did. We should send both jokes to Jay Leno and whichever one he uses on the Tonight Show…..
That guy loses.
He should sneak into Mexico, then sneak back into the US as an illegal immigrant, Then he'd be able to get health care, vote, get a drivers license, get EBT….
I've worked with plenty of people who showed no signs of brain activity but never with one who was legally dead.
Death becomes him.
He died before he got old. He did not leave a pretty corpse.
He regrets all the time wasted worrying about things he could not change.
rod mantia says:
time to sue the state for wrongful death…
Robert in SF says:
OK, serious legal question here, for Doug or any other lawyer in the group:
If a Judge issues an order for a executive office to do something, does the executive office have to appeal the order somehow in order to not do it?
In other words, if the Judge had just ignored the law in this case, which isn't so much criminal law I guess but organizational law about time-frames, and told the Office of Whatever Deals with This, "Hey, register this guy as alive and reinstate him in all the systems that deal with live people", would they pretty much have to do it (or face contempt of court charges I suppose)?
If the person who actually enters the keystrokes that updates the systems (or stamps a form…the actual physical actions to register him as alive) went ahead and did it, and no one had really disagreed with the order in actual execution, couldn't it just be done regardless?
So, if a Judge orders an agency to do something that is "illegal" but the Agency is fine with it, how could it be stopped, legally speaking? Someone would have to appeal the order right?
Okay, then. Did the court have any suggestions about, you know, getting a new SS# or anything? Or did they just leave it hanging? "You don't exist, have a nice day."
al-Ameda says:
And what's even more remarkable, is that he already has more power among House Republicans than does John Boehner.
Rick Almeida says:
I don't care if you're liberal or conservative, this comment thread is genuinely funny. Well played, Rodney and Jenos.
@Robert in SF: @Franklin: Those were the kind of questions that made me look up links for my one serious comment above. There seem to be references to precedents where insurance companies have won back money from 'legally dead' individuals, but I didn't find anything on what does the individual do from that point on to address issues like a new SS#, license, record of education, etc..
@rodney dill: Thanks. I had skipped your earlier post, but yeah, the links don't seem to address my question. I did a couple other quick searches – some people are asking the same questions, but no answers yet.
Gromitt Gunn says:
If he was able to discharge his student loans, I'll be pissed!
grumpy realist says:
The reason for declaring someone legally dead is to put a line under their estate, sale of property, etc. No backsies, in other words. Otherwise property rights could be in a constant state of confusion. (One of the reasons that post-mortem accusations of treason/excommunication dropped out of favour in Renaissance Europe–they were wrecking havoc with property rights.)
I'm still surprised about the Social Security stuff, however. I guess the court was looking at what happened with his estate and carried over the effects to his SS payments.
It's sort of the financial equivalent of adverse possession/laches: you can't wait on your rights for too long–if you do, you lose them.
Does anyone know if Ohio is one of those states that has statutory limits on when someone is declared dead?
It might have also depended on the legal argument that was made–supposedly declaring someone dead is proceeded by providing notice to the individual. Since most of the people in this situation don't leave behind addresses, the courts deal with it by publication in a newspaper. (All of this is well-founded in standard civil procedure, by the way.) After publication, the individual has a grace period of time to pop up and say "hey, I'm not dead!" The best argument I can think of that this guy should have used is that there was no possible way for him to have seen any of the publications or been informed about them; in other words, sufficient notice was not given.
If he just tried to argue by popping up and saying "hey! I'm not dead!", that's an insufficient legal argument.
Note it's not like that the guy is getting killed–it's just that any property he had under his old name has been disbursed through what seems to be due process, so it's not like he's got a good Fifth Amendment argument here, either.
Your thoughts, Doug?
P.S. There doesn't seem to be any reason why he couldn't apply for another driver's license or another social security card.
Friday, October 11, 2013 at 06:23
@grumpy realist: I agree that your P.S. post is probably along the line of what would be done, I just couldn't find any precedent or stories along the line that that is how it would be done.
…and as you covered in the previous comment curtailing all the legal entanglements by declaring someone legally dead is a necessary mechanism for long term missing persons to let the rest go on with their lives.
Reading the original article, it looks like the whole situation came about because the guy vamoosed in order to not pay child support payments, so after a while his ex-wife petitioned the court to declare the guy dead so she could access the $$ available under Social Security payments to children of deceased parents. Now that the gentleman in question is near the age of being eligible for Social Security, he wants to re-establish his existence, far after the statutory deadline of 3 years.
Basically, all the court is saying is "you screwed up and no, no backsies on this. You've lost your Social Security credits and you've lost whatever property you had. Get lost."
Negrodamus says:
So if he was to commit a crime he would not be entitled to legal representation or would he be considered a God amongst men and truly be above the law.
Its not like physical death is going to bother this guy.
Sunday, October 13, 2013 at 17:58
@grumpy realist: But he is still legally dead and it would be illegal for him to get Social Security or any benefits. When they run a check he will show up as dead. But then a dead person can't be charged with a crime.
Kentucky Clerk Loses Another Argument Over Refusal To Issue Same-Sex Marriage Licenses
Despite Controversy And Doubt, Troy Davis Was Executed In Georgia Last Night
Kentucky Clerk Found In Contempt And Jailed For Refusal To Issue Same-Sex Marriage Licenses
Kentucky Clerk Kim Davis Released From Jail, But She May Not Be Free For Long
'Democrat' Artur Davis Speaking at Republican Convention


WASHINGTON — It is rare that a leader takes the bull by the horns and corrals support for a cause in which all Americans have a steak.
I'm not referring to Democratic presidential candidate Andrew Yang's cutting-edge decision to oppose circumcision, though voters may reward his foresight in defense of foreskin.
No, today I celebrate Rep. Devin Nunes of California, top Republican on the Intelligence Committee and close Trump ally, who has just shown the world that he has the chops to sue a cow.
Not just any cow: Nunes's defamation lawsuit names his own cow — "Devin Nunes' cow" is its name on Twitter — and a couple of other Twitter users, as well as Twitter itself, seeking $250 million in compensation because mean things were said about him on Twitter.
Nunes tells Sean Hannity this is "the first of many" lawsuits to come, and Trump signaled support by tweeting about it. We must hope that Nunes' bovine broadside won't end until he sues cows into extinction.
My friend Jonathan Chait at New York Magazine calls this "bonkers," and The Washington Post's Aaron Blake sees "ridiculousness" in the lawsuit, particularly given Nunes's co-sponsorship of a bill called the Discouraging Frivolous Lawsuits Act.
That's a bunch of bull! Nunes' naming of a cow as a "defamer" in his lawsuit substantially beefs up the GOP policy stable in otherwise lean times.
People are only beginning to understand the threat posed by cattle, a docile-looking but murderous beast that tramples, gores or otherwise kills, in cold blood, 20 people a year, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found — way more than are killed in shark attacks. Cattle burps and flatulence are the largest component of livestock's 14.5 percent share of global greenhouse-gas emissions, according to the United Nations —as much as the entire transport sector. And then there are all the dangerous illnesses cows spread, such as lactose intolerance.
These animals — yes, I am not afraid to call them animals — invade our country from Asia ("wagyu," they are called) and from Mexico in menacing herds. This is why we need to build a wall, or at least a 1,500-mile emergency cattle guard.
Some suppose that Devin Nunes' cow is not really a cow, in the same way they suppose another account the congressman sued, "Devin Nunes' Mom," is not his real mom. No?
Anybody who has read Doreen Cronin's illustrated work "Click, Clack, Moo: Cows That Type" knows that cows used a typewriter to organize a socialist collective, forcing Farmer Brown to give them electric blankets.
Ruminate on that for a moment.
Cows were an obstacle to Nunes before this week's tipping point. Esquire's Ryan Lizza reported last year that the Nunes family dairy farm quietly moved from California to Iowa.
Predictably, the cows went mad in response to the Nunes lawsuit (these black-and-white supremacists dominate the dark Web). Devin Nunes' cow, which had only 1,204 followers when the lawsuit was filed, had bred a herd of 119,000 followers by Tuesday afternoon. Spoof accounts proliferated: Devin Nunes Mom's Cow. Devin Nunes's Cow Psychiatrist. Devin Nunes's Mullet. Devin Nunes is a Whiny Baby.
"In 2014, Peter Jakeman, 62, from Callington, was trampled to death by a herd of stampeding cows while walking his dogs through a field in Derbyshire."
"In 2009, Liz Crowsley, 49, from Warrington, was walking the Pennine Way in the Yorkshire Dales, when she too was trampled to death. … Police believed that the cows had become aggressive after feeling threatened by Ms. Crowley's spaniel and collie."
The BBC offered tips for "Avoiding a cow attack."
But Nunes, a patriot, will stop the vicious cow in its tracks. So gird your loins, congressman. I've got your flank. And, before long, a grateful nation will say: Well done.


Whenever people say they don't like opossums or they want to get rid of them, what they're unknowingly saying is that they'd rather have more ticks around.
An opossum's abundant consumption of ticks is a well-documented, but seldom-mentioned benefit this unique mammal provides to humans. It's one of several characteristics of an animal that is more interesting than many humans realize.
Of all the feelings opossums evoke in humans, fascination usually isn't one of them. Most people find an opossum's sneering facial expression disgusting, its lumbering gait clumsy and its overall appearance repulsive. However, the next time you want to hate on a 'possum, remember the number 5,000. That's the number of ticks it's estimated one opossum consumes over the course of a year.
Are you suddenly feeling a little more love for that animal you despised a moment ago?
To say opossums "eat" ticks is technically correct, but "consume" is probably a more accurate word because ticks don't seem to be a targeted food item. They're just consumed in the process of an opossum's personal hygiene regimen. Like any wild mammal, an opossum picks up an abundance of ticks over the course of spring and summer. Because opossums are very meticulous groomers, most ticks that attach themselves to an opossum are soon picked off and swallowed. That's the end of that tick and, more importantly, it's the end of any problems that tick — and the offspring it would have produced — may have caused for humans, dogs or any other hosts down the road.
Opossums won't be picking ticks out of their fur at this time of year, but this is an important time for them. From late February through March is when females have the first of two annual litters (their second litter is born late May to early June). Newborn opossums have well-formed claws on their front legs that they use to climb up their mother's body into a pouch called a marsupium. Female opossums normally have 13 teats but often have litters of more than 13. To compound this problem, some teats are smaller than others and don't get used. As a result, the average number of young an opossum ends up carrying in her pouch is nine. When young become too large for their mother's pouch, they frequently ride on her back for approximately three weeks.
Opossums are one of the world's oldest mammals. Fossil records show they've been around for approximately 70 million years and date back to the time when dinosaurs were still common.
As stated above, opossums have a pouch called a marsupium, which means they are marsupials. They are North America's only marsupials and, thus, are the New World's closest relatives to kangaroos and koalas.
Opossums are also the only North American mammals with prehensile tails. To add yet another interesting trait, they are immune to the venom of copperheads, rattlesnakes, cottonmouths and a number of other venomous snakes.
Perhaps the opossum's most interesting trait is its habit of "playing possum." This self-defense mechanism involves a cornered opossum feigning death by rolling on its side, becoming limp and shutting its eyes. Its heart rate also slows. It's not certain if this is an intentional response or an uncontrolled reaction — a wildlife version of fainting. Either way, it recovers quickly and is able to take the first opportunity to escape.
Opossums are omnivores, so ticks aren't the only items they swallow. Insects and carrion are common food items, but they also eat small mammals, worms, snails, slugs, bird eggs, fruits and some grains.
Opossums are classified as game animals in Missouri and are included in the winter furbearer season (see the Wildlife Code of Missouri for hunting and trapping details). Opossum fur is used chiefly to trim inexpensive cloth coats. Opossums can also be hunted in season for table fare, although few people do this anymore.
More information about opossums can be found at mdc.mo.gov.


text:
American, Burgers & Po'Boys
Diners, Donuts & Pastries
New Orleans Style & Seafood
Campground/RV Park
Fishing Lodge
Chalmette Battlefield
Los Islenos
Nature Watching & Birding
Old Arabi State
Order Your Guide
Jean Lafitte National Historical Park - Chalmette Battlefield
8606 West St. Bernard Highway Chalmette, LA 70043
Visit the site of the January 8, 1815 Battle of New Orleans, the last great battle of the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain. The resounding American victory at the Battle of New Orleans became a symbol of a new idea: American democracy triumphing over the old European ideas of aristocracy and entitlement. General Andrew Jackson's hastily assembled army had won the day against a battle-hardened and numerically superior British force. Americans took great pride in the victory and for decades celebrated January 8 as a national holiday, just like the Fourth of July. Learn about the War of 1812 at the interpretive center featuring film and exhibits, or catch one of the daily ranger chats. Kids can earn a badge with the Junior Ranger program. The center's bookstore has books, period music, reproductions of items from the period, and children's books. The park is operated by the National Park Service and admission is free. Daily riverboat cruises aboard the Paddlewheeler Creole Queen depart the French Quarter and travel downriver to the Battlefield.
The anniversary of the Battle of New Orleans is commemorated every January on the weekend closest to the battle. History truly comes to life when over 100 living history experts, dressed as 1815 troops and civilians, set up camp at the site of the battle. Cannons roar, muskets fire, campfires crackle, and Amercan history changes forever on a Louisiana sugarcane field. The commemorations include period crafts and cooking, reenactments of one of the skirmishes leading up to the battle, War of 1812 military drills and tactics, and an evening lantern tour of "the night before the battle".
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text:
January 30, 2023 | NASA's Record-Breaking Lucy Spacecraft Has a New Asteroid Target
Home Biology News
Triassic-Period Protozoan Preserved in Cocoon for Over 200 Million Years
TOPICS:Microbial LifePaleontologyProtozoan
By SciTechDaily December 5, 2012
(Left) Teardrop-shaped protozoan trapped in the wall of an egg case produced by a leech between 200 million and 215 million years ago. (Right) Vorticella, an extant genus of protozoans. (Inset) Egg case produced by Hirudo medicinalis, the medicinal leech. Credit: Benjamin Bomfleur; (inset) Hans Kerp/Muenster University
Cocoons form to protect eggs and larvae, but they can also help preserve fossils for hundreds of millions of years. This 25-micrometer-long protozoan was trapped in the wall of an egg case produced by a leech between 200 million and 215 million years ago, during the Triassic Period.
The scientists published their findings in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. This relic, with its coiled stalk and large, horseshoe-shaped nucleus is reminiscent of the modern-day Vorticella, a genus of protozoa. Vorticella have stalked, inverted bell-shaped ciliates that are placed among the peritrichs. Each cell has a separate stack anchored onto the substrate that contains a myoneme, a contractile fibril. Once stimulated, it shortens, causing the stalk to coil like a spring. Many Vorticella species live in freshwater ponds and streams. The specimen is unknown in the fossil record.
Soft-bodied organisms, like protozoans, aren't usually well preserved as fossils. Egg casings of leeches and their kin are another matter. The walls quickly harden from a protein and sugar-rich mucus secreted by invertebrates. This egg, produced by Hirudo medicinalis, the medicinal leech, can trap soft-bodied organisms that would quickly degrade.
Although a few teams have previously described small fossils stemming from spores and microorganisms entombed in egg cases, the cocoons have been largely ignored by paleontologists and could source as a source of microbial fossils.
Reference: "Triassic leech cocoon from Antarctica contains fossil bell animal" by Benjamin Bomfleur, Hans Kerp, Thomas N. Taylor, Øjvind Moestrup and Edith L. Taylor, 3 December 2012, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Paleontologists Provide New Perspective on Triassic Period, Emergence of Dinosaurs
Scientists Crack Egg Forging Evolutionary Scandal Two Million Years in the Making
Bloody Good Look by Scientists May Have Profound Effects on the Use of Medicinal Leeches
Scientists Have a Powerful New Tool to Investigate Triassic Dark Ages
Egg Experiment Reveals Scrambling of the Brain on Impact to Find Answers About Concussions
Evidence of "Hibernation-Like" State Discovered in Early Triassic Creature
"The Thing" – Analysis of Mysterious Giant Egg, the First Ever Found in Antarctica
Evidence of Hibernation-Like State Discovered in Tusks of Strange 250-Million-Year-Old Antarctic Creature
Be the first to comment on "Triassic-Period Protozoan Preserved in Cocoon for Over 200 Million Years"
NASA's Record-Breaking Lucy Spacecraft Has a New Asteroid Target


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Background and Purpose
Enforcement and Reporting
Policy History
The purpose of this policy is to ensure that University faculty and staff are provided adequate and relevant information about information security risks and best practices associated with accessing and using University computing systems.
General Information Security Awareness Training
All users of University computing systems will be required to participate in information security awareness training on at least an annual basis. MSU Denver IT Services will ensure that this training is made available to all users, and will ensure that all users employed by the University are provided training materials and that all employees pass a basic test of information security awareness skills. MSU Denver IT Services is responsible for reviewing the content of this training on an annual basis, and for notifying users and their supervisors of minimum awareness training requirements.
Access to sensitive systems and permissions is dependent on completion of appropriate security awareness training. VPN access, ad-hoc access to Banner, and extended password aging require completion of the basic annual security awareness training.
Area-Specific Information Security Awareness Training
Users of sensitive systems, such as those containing confidential or regulated data, may require training specific to the system or the type of data that is contained in the system.
Background: MSU Denver's Information Security Policies were created by the IT Strategic Oversight Committee (ITSOC) Information and Instructional Technology Policies Subcommittee and reviewed by the University's Policy Advisory Committee. Review of these policies will be made on an annual basis, with any changes or additions being submitted through the University's policy review and approval process.
Purpose: MSU Denver's Information Security Policies are focused on protecting critical data and information systems of Metropolitan State University of Denver from loss, damage or inappropriate modification or disclosure. The policies contained in this document are designed to ensure that the University adheres to security standards commensurate with the data and systems referenced, while maintaining appropriate functional access for students, faculty, and staff.
Scope: These policies apply to all individuals, including students, faculty, and staff, provided access to university data and information technology systems. Contractors and otherwise affiliated individuals must agree to abide by the Information Security Policies before accessing university systems and data. Role-based policies and procedures that apply to specific groups of users will be provided where applicable, in accordance with functional requirements and data classification.
Responsible Executive: Chief Information Officer
Responsible Administrator: Chief Information Security Officer
Responsible Office: Information Technology Services
Policy Contact: IT Services, msudenver.edu/technology, 303-352-7548
Adherence to Information Security Policies is mandatory and may be based on State or Federal statute, contract language, or information security standards. These policies are not intended to unreasonably interfere with system utilization. Individuals should contact the IT Services Help Desk to report security risks, violations of policy, or to make requests for exceptions or amendments to the policies. The Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) and other IT Services staff will respond to all reported security issues and will work with the policy subcommittee to allow for development of appropriate updates to policies. Violations of these policies may result in fitting administrative action up to and including revocation of system privileges, employee termination, or student expulsion.
Information about the Information and Instructional Technology Policy subcommittee is available on the IT Governance website.
Effective: July 1, 2017
Approved by: President
CRS 24-37.5-404.5. Institutions of higher education - information security plans. Information security awareness training for employees of the institution of higher education to inform the employees, administrators, and users at the institution of higher education about the information security risks and the responsibility of employees, administrators, and users to comply with the institution's information security program and the policies, standards and procedures designed to reduce the security risks.
Information and Instructional Technology Policy Subcommittee
President's Operational Policies
Provost's Academic Policies


text:
\section{Introduction}
Multichannel measurement systems have become more popular in scientific communities because of the reduced cost of digitizers, sensors, and signal processors.
In a multichannel system, sensitivity and noise amplitude variations over channels are important calibration parameters.
Usually, these parameters are evaluated by separate calibration experiments.
However, achieving a highly accurate calibration is sometimes difficult because of the calibration principle or temporal variation of these parameters.
If the sensitivity uncertainty exceeds the signal uncertainty by random statistics,
then the signals will suffer from scatters that are not independent in multiple measurements.

The data observed by a measurement system contains information about the system itself \cite{GPR_application_calibration}.
The upper panel in Fig. \ref{fig:Example-TS} (a) shows two examples of the data observed by one of multichannel systems, specifically,
the electron density ($n_\mathrm{e}$) spatial distribution measurement in the high-temperature plasma (the details of which are provided below).
Some data points have larger or smaller values than those in the vicinity for the two measurements.
This dependent scatter is likely due to the miscalibration of the system sensitivity, and it significantly reduces measurement accuracy.
Humans can clearly distinguish this dependent noise quantitatively by finding the correlation in multiple observation results.
In this study, we demonstrated the machine learning of such dependent noise using the Gaussian process regression (GPR) framework \cite{Rasmussen_GP, Bayesian_analysis}.

GPR is a statistical model that can handle the probability distribution on functions.
The main advantages of GPR are as follows:
\begin{enumerate}
	\item GPR is non-parametric, i.e., a specific function form is not assumed.
	\item GPR is fully based on Bayesian statistics, i.e., if the model complexity is appropriately parameterized, then over- and under-fitting can be avoided.
\end{enumerate}
Given the above advantages, GPR is being adopted in a wide range of fields that involve scientific data analysis,
such as life sciences \cite{GPR_application_life_science1, GPR_application_life_science2},
chemistry \cite{GPR_application_chemistry1, GPR_application_chemistry2},
and
astrophysics \cite{GPR_application_astrophyscis1, GPR_application_astrophyscis2}.
GP has also been used to infer the latent function and its derivatives from data generated by the Thomson scattering (TS) system, which will also be analyzed in this work \cite{TSGP_MAST, TSGP_CMOD}.
However, simple noise has been often assumed for the analysis, e.g., independent homoscedastic Gaussian noise or Poisson noise.
Few works have been reported regarding dependent noise inference \cite{GPR_application_calibration}, which is important for the real-world measurement systems.

In this work, we modeled the statistical properties of dependent noise such as sensitivity variation or channel-dependent noise amplitude into the kernel of Gaussian process (GP).
Using these statistical models, we show that the inference of these noises is straightforward in the GPR framework.
We also applied this technique to the TS system for $n_\mathrm{e}$ spatial distribution measurement in the Large Helical Device (LHD-TS system) \cite{RSI_LHDTS, JINST_LHDTS}, an example of which is shown in Fig. \ref{fig:Example-TS}(a).

\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.4]{figs/Example-TS}
\caption{
\label{fig:Example-TS}
(a) Two sets of the data provided by the LHD-TS system.
Green points show the data observed for shotnumber \#120725 at $t$ = 4.2 s and blue ones show that for \#120763 at $t$ = 5.6 s.
Some measurement points have a smaller or a larger value than the vicinity points for both results.
The left panel is in the original coordinate (major radius $R$), whereas the right panel is in the mapped coordinate (minor radius $r$).
To clarify the detector channel positions, we show the data points measured by the detector $i$ = 50 and 100 in red markers.
(b) Calibrated results with a miscalibration factor $\Delta$ are inferred in this work. Most scatters were removed after the calibration.
}
\end{figure}

The rest of this paper is organized as follows.
In the next section, we briefly describe the fundamental usage of GPR for the latent function and noise inference.
The essence of the inference is based on the statistical difference between the latent function and noise. Therefore, their statistical modeling is important.
We slightly extended the theory in order to treat the dependent noise for the multichannel measurement systems.
In section \ref{sec:application}, we apply this method to the experimental data obtained by the LHD-TS system.
An overview of the system and the statistical model of the noise are described in this section.
The application results are  shown in subsection \ref{subsec:results}, and the effect of this method is presented in section \ref{subsec:applications}, in particular, in the spatial derivative inference.

\section{Dependent Noise Estimation based on GP}

\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{figs/test_120725}
\caption{
\label{fig:application1}
Analyzed results for the test data (shot number = 120725, $t = $4.2 s).
(a) The left panel shows the original data measured by the LHD-TS system. The green markers are outliers that are chosen manually and removed for the inference.
The right panel shows the post-calibrated data.
The posterior median of the inferred latent functions by MCMC are shown by black curves.
The horizontal bar in each panel shows the length scale in the RBF kernel that maximizes the marginal posterior.
(b) First and (c) second spatial derivatives of the latent functions.
The range within 95\% intervals of the posterior is shown with shadows in each panel.
}
\end{figure}

\begin{comment}
\section{Theoretical perspective \label{subsec:GP_theory}}
In this section, we briefly present some mathematical perspective of the noise evaluation and a limitation of our method.

The statistical property of GP is fully determined by kernel.
The kernel measures the similarity between data points.
Any stationary kernel $\mathrm{K}(\tau)$, which only depends on position through $\tau = |x-x'|$, relates to the autocorrelation.

\mathrm{K}(\tau) = \int{\mathrm{S}(s)e^{2\pi i s^\mathsf{T} \tau} \mathrm{d}s}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\mathrm{S}(s) = \int{\mathrm{K}(\tau)e^{-2\pi i s^\mathsf{T} \tau} \mathrm{d}\tau}
\end{equation}

Therefore, the total kernel in Eq. \ref{eq:GP_data}, $\mathrm{K} = \mathrm{K_f} + \mathrm{K_n}$ can be transformed into the spectral density,
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:GP_spectral_density}
\mathrm{S} = \mathrm{S_f} + \mathrm{S_n}
\end{equation}
where both the

We note that the independent assumption of $\mathbf{f}_j$ is too strong because there is usually some similarity among latent functions in multiple experiments.
To avoid the artifact from the strong assumption, it is necessary to limit $M$ to small number.
The appropriate value of $M$ depends on problem, therefore $M$ is also an implicit hyperparameter.
\end{comment}

\section{Summary and Future prospects}
We developed a method to infer the miscalibration factor and channel dependent noise amplitude for multichannel measurement systems based on GPR.
In this method, the dependent noises are statistically modeled in the kernel that is hierarchically parameterized.
These hyperparameters were estimated so that they jointly maximize the marginal posterior.
The posterior distributions of the miscalibration factor were inferred with these hyperparameters.
We applied this method to the TS system for $n_\mathrm{e}$ measurement in LHD.
We showed that the post-calibration with these miscalibration factors and channel-dependent noise amplitude
significantly decreases the uncertainty, especially, for spatial derivative estimation.

In the present stage of analysis, we adopted the mini-batch calculation with
$M = 6$, to avoid the artifact due to the too simple assumption, Eq.\ref{eq:K_f}.
Equation \ref{eq:K_f} is not valid for analyizing many sets of data,
since this assumes that $M$ sets of the data are random samples from
$\mathcal{N}(0,\mathrm{K_f})$, while there are some clear similarities
(or correlations) among them,
e.g. all the $n_\mathrm{e}$ profiles are positive-valued and
have larger values in the plasma axis than that at the edge region.
In the future analysis, it is necessary to adopt more appropriate models that
distinguishes the correlation among latent functions and the dependent noise.
A possible model that takes the correlation of the latent function
 into account is the coregionalized model \cite{MultitaskGP}, which models non-diagonal covariance matrix.

Another future improvement is to consider the $T_\mathrm{e}$ dependence of
the noise variance, which we neglected in this work.
Due to the spectroscopic configuration of the LHD-TS system,
the measurement accurary for $n_\mathrm{e}$ decreases in very low or high $T_\mathrm{e}$ plasmas.
The measurement accuracy for $T_\mathrm{e}$ also depends on both
$T_\mathrm{e}$ and $n_\mathrm{e}$ values.
Such correlation should be taken into account to infer the latent functions
in wide range of plasma parameters.

\begin{acknowledgements}
The authors thank the development team of pyGPs, the Python implementation of GP.
The authors would also like to thank the LHD Experiment Group for the smooth LHD operation. Part of this work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant number 26610191, the National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS14KLPH023, NIFS13KLPF032).

\end{acknowledgements}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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text:
Elders of the Universe members, Secret Identity, Male Characters,
Elders of the Universe
Virtual Immortals
Cosmic Beings
Black Eyes
Orange Hair
Purple Skin
Steve Englehart/Creator
Marshall Rogers/Creator
Cort Zo Tinnus (Earth-616)/Quotes
Cort Zo Tinnus (Earth-616)
Cort Zo Tinnus [1]
Single (presumed)[2]
Large nose
Elder of the Universe;
Alien of unknown species
Steve Englehart, Marshall Rogers
Silver Surfer Vol 3 #4
Well…there is only one thing I can think of in this realm with a value approaching that of these wondrous gems…!
-- Trader src
Like all the Elders of the Universe, Cort Zo Tinnus's origin is lost in the early history of the universe.[2] It is known that he is one of the oldest living beings in the universe. Like other Elders, he is the survivor of one of the intelligent races that evolved in one of the first galaxies to form after the "Big Bang", the cataclysmic event in which the universe was created. Although his race became extinct and even his native galaxy died as the ages passed, Cort Zo Tinnus, like the other Elders, lived on to become virtually immortal, surviving even his native galaxy. The Trader became obsessed with commerce and for millenia he travelled through the universe to negotiate with other beings. In his mind, it was this fixation that helped him survive indefinitely.[2][3]
Meeting Obliterator
There were a number of other survivors of these primigenial species.[2] These individuals met each other at some point between 4.5 and 3 billions of years ago.[4] As the relatively few survivors of the earliest period of the universe, the Elders regarded themselves as figuratively being brothers,[2] although they are not really close to each other[5] and share only the monomaniacal obsessive behavior and the longevity.[6] Elders nonetheless met and associate with other Elders at some times, and the Trader is known to have coincided with the Obliterator, watching the ridiculously short lifespan of mere mortals living in a civilization.[4]
As a master negotiator he became known as the Trader, taking great pride in the "art of the deal." He is at his best when he is trying to buy or sell something whether it is a planet or a personal service. A true victory for the Trader involves not only convincing his opponent to trade, but to do so at an exchange favorable to the Trader and for the opponent to be convinced that the opponent got the better end of the deal.[3]
The Plot to Murder Galactus
The Elders eventually discovered that Galactus, survivor from a previous universe, was the only[4] non-mystical[7] being in the cosmos older than them, which offended their pride. Galactus was also an anomaly in the universe, which would otherwise be perfectly balanced between Eternity and Death. Murdering Galactus would, theoretically, alter this balance and[7] destroy the whole universe,[1][3][4][7] by collapsing, then leading to a new big bang. Should the elders be able to survive this catastrophe, they would then became Galactus-like beings,[3][8] reigning powers in the new universe[7] and with powers similar to those of Galactus.[1]
The Elder known as Astronomer, known for his ability to contemplate events on a huge scale,[2] schemed a secret[5] strategy to achieve this ambitious goal, with fellow Elder Grandmaster helping in the implementation.[6] With a complex movement by losing a bet with the incarnation of Death, Grandmaster was punished by her so that neither Grandmaster nor any of the Elders would ever die - because Death would refuse them.[1][6] This, which Grandmaster claimed was his intent from the beginning of the game, would allow the Elders to survive the big bang. They only needed to murder Galactus,[6] in a conspiracy that the Trader joined.[2][3]
The chosen weapons would be the six Soul Gems, power objects[1][3][7][9] that many believed destroyed. Some Elders like the Trader knew this was false and started looking for them - although at that point not all the Elders had been informed of the scheme.[9] The Trader successfully transacted to get two of the gems,[3][9] up to a point where the Elders had collectively gotten five gems and intended to get the last one by sending one of the Elders, the Contemplator[9] -secretly a Skrull impersonating him-[10] to get it.[9]
The Elders decided to have a secret meeting to report both the details of the plot to all the purported Elder accomplices, and the progress of the plan to the already-knowing conspirators. The Trader met with the Astronomer, the Grandmaster, the Obliterator, the Contemplator impersonator, and fellow Elders the Champion, the Collector, the Gardener, the Possessor and the Runner on the surface of Ego the Living Planet -also an Elder[6] (the next meeting was already scheduled to happen on Earth during the Autumn Equinox, as Galactus had promised to never harm Earth).[4] On Ego, the Astronomer explained that the Silver Surfer, former Herald of Galactus, was a known threat and should be destroyed, a mission that the Runner claimed to have succeeded at. Ego then reported that he had just detected the Surfer and his new ally-friend-and-more Mantis secretly spying on them[6] -Mantis, a plant empath, had been notified of this meeting by vegetables in the Collector's hoard-.[5] The more physical Elders confronted the intruders, with Champion wrestling Mantis while the Trader and the Collector cheered on him. The Surfer then grabbed Mantis and escaped flying. The Collector tried to shot them down but he missed. The Trader reprimanded his aim, but he agreed that other Elders should fight the interlopers.[6] The Elders indeed sent the Obliterator after them, but the Obliterator was defeated[8] and, humiliated, he revealed the Elder plot and the location of the following meeting. As the Surfer had an urgent quest on his native Zenn-La, he left Mantis on a planet with plants from where she teleported to Earth, while he went on his original quest.[4]
This was not exactly casual. The cosmic entity Eternity later claimed that he/she/it had sent a Celestial to cause panic on the Skrulls, thus triggering a war between Skrulls and Kree, which would threaten the Surfer's home planet, motivating the Surfer to take sides, eventually stealing the last soul gem from its current owner, the Kree leader Supreme Intelligence, or die in the process.[11] Indeed, to protect Zenn-La and Earth, the Surfer stole the gem before the Contemplator could.[1][12]
The Trader acts in the Earth meeting
The Earth meeting was not attended by the Obliterator, stranded on a planet; the Contemplator, trying to get a gem; or Ego, for obvious reasons. The attending Elders contemplated whether the Obliterator could have been defeated; the Runner downplayed the Surfer's chances, but the Trader insisted that two Elders -Champion and Runner- had already failed to kill the Surfer. The Champion justified it because neither was a real killer, unlike the Obliterator. Later, during the meeting, the Gardener explained the importance of the six soul gems, and explained that they only had one left, currently in process. The Trader, who had gotten two, was worried that they may be being overconfident. The Grandmaster then explained that the meeting was on Earth in case Mantis would spy on them, as was the case, because the Gardener's flora-controlling power was stronger than Mantis and would allow him to capture her, again as was the case. [9] After capturing Mantis, the Gardener also kidnapped the Silver Surfer's previous paramour Shalla-Bal.[1][12]
The Trader then met with the Astronomer, the Champion, the Collector, the Gardener, the Grandmaster, the Possessor and the Runner in a spaceship in the Cone Nebula, near a six-planet star system.[13] The Elders intended to place a gem in each of the planets, then summon Galactus and use the gems to drain Galactus's energy in a process not unlike Galactus's own feeding on planets.[13][14] The Contemplator reported that the Surfer had stolen the gem from the Kree, but he was unaware of neither its capacities or the Elder's plan. The Trader feared that the Kree would chase the Surfer after he had hurted their leader, but the Contemplator explained that the Kree were in internal disarray, temporarily led by Chief Coordinator Nenora who, as the Possessor reported, was secretly a Skrull.[13]
The Gardener demanded the gem from the Surfer as a ransom for his two women.[1][13] The Surfer went to the Nebula through hyperspace, where the Trader insisted on him delivering. After the Surfer failed in an attempt to release the women,[13] he delivered the gem,[13][14] but the Grandmaster then threw the women to their probable death through space, thus sending the Surfer on a wild goose chase to try and rescue them.[1][13]
The Elders then forcefully summoned Galactus along with his ship and his herald, Nova.[13] The Elders used the gems in the planets to ingest Galactus's energy, to the point of dissipating him progressively.[13][14] Nova proved unable to stop them,[13] but the Surfer returned to help, interfering the ray with his own body to reflect it to the emitter, and commanding Nova to stop the threat by destroying the system's sun, a process that also shattered the planets. Nova did so and the sun became a black hole.[13][14] The Elders were flat-footed at this: The gems' powers were useless against a black hole, and the hole's extraordinary gravitational pull grabbed the gems, the Elders and the Surfer. Galactus recovered and stagnated the hole before it could eat up all of its victims.[13] By then, however, all the gems[1][11][13][14] and three Elders -the Astronomer, the Trader and the Possessor- were already lost beyond the point of no return.[1][13][14] With the Collector already on the run, Galactus, enraged, devoured five of the surviving Elders (Champion, Collector, Gardener, Grandmaster and Runner).[1][11]
Escaping from Another Universe, or the Plot to Murder Galactus, Part Two
The Trader and his two Elder peers had been not destroyed, instead having fallen to a different universe, the Realm of Magick - which was perceived differently by each being, and the Trader found it to be colorless.[15] Thanks to the Astronomer plotting a relatively safe path through the black hole,[16] they remained together, but they saw the gems getting away from them. The three Elders decided to join efforts to recover the gems and use them to return to their native universe, as they, not physically powerful, were afraid of the unknown dangers in this universe[15] - especially because this was not the universe were Death was supreme, meaning that perhaps they had become mortal again.[17]
The Possessor's knowledge suggested they were in a reality balanced by Lord Chaos and Master Order, instead of Eternity and Death, with the In-Betweener serving as their equilibrium executor. The Elders decided that the In-Betweener may be the ally they needed to not only return to their universe, but also, once there, murder Galactus and keep on with the original plan - another of the Astronomer's huge-scope plans. The three Elders went to a temple devoted to the In-Betweener and contacted him by praying on their knees. The In-Betweener agreed to their deal, as he wanted to reach a different universe where he could prompt equity,[16] and by killing Galactus he intended to usurp his role.[1] The Elders now needed the six gems and a way to go through the black hole.[16]
Starting a quest to find the gems, the three Elders visited the planet of the Sinalinas species. The Trader negotiated with them to get two gems they had - but the Elders had little to offer. They traded the gems for the Possessor - the only Elder whose skills were not strictly needed for their quest.[15]
The Trader and the Astronomer soon gathered the six gems,[15][3] also getting space suits and other gear in the process. The Trader, afraid of losing the gems, decided to use a bodycase to link the jewels to his own biological aura in a process that could only stop whenever the Trader himself died -which was not in his plan- or unless he could make a worthy deal for them.[15]
Meanwhile, Galactus was disabled because the Elders he had eaten refused to die, instead giving him a cosmic indigestion of sorts.[1][15][18] He reasoned that the Elder's souls could still be separated from their bodies, incapacitating them, so he recruited Silver Surfer,[1][15] the Invisible Woman and Mister Fantastic to recover the gems from the hole: The Surfer would navigate, Fantastic pilot a ship and the Invisible Woman could use her force field to touch the gems without losing anyone's souls.[15] The party tracked the Elders, finally finding them[15] - which was the Elder's plan from the beginning.[16]
The Invisible Woman, who had been influenced by her evil Malice personality, attacked the two Elders, who reacted using their hand weapons. The Invisible Woman's force fields blocked the bolt from the Trader's ray gun, making him fall back. Although the Astronomer defeated Mister Fantastic, she defeated the Astronomer. She then demanded the Trader to trade his gems off, manipulating him by making use of his obsession. The Trader agreed to give her the gems in exchange for the Silver Surfer's servitude. The Invisible Woman then point-blank shot the Surfer with an invisible laser gun, knocking him down. The Trader then game her the gems,[15] which she intended to use to return to her universe, but not to save Galactus.[17]
Escaping from a different universe!
Making use of his bodycase technology, Trader prevented the Surfer from escaping or even using his board unless the Trader allowed for it - which he would do so that the Surfer could take them back to the universe. Mister Fantastic recovered, claiming to have heard everything, deducing that obsessive Astronomer and Trader should be thrilled to find a new universe, and concluding that the Elders could be killed there - something that would happen if the Trader allowed him to use the board. The Trader tried to deny it, but the Astronomer confirmed it (keeping it with their original plan). Mister Fantastic offered a new deal: The Surfer's freedom in exchange for Mister Fantastic's promise of taking the Elders to their home universe, as soon as he could rescue his wife. The Trader pretended to consider it, but the Astronomer agreed quickly.[17] This would force the Surfer and his allies to bring the Elders back to their universe, where they could pit the In-Betweener against Galactus.[3]
When Mister Fantastic and the Surfer recovered the gems, they discovered that the In-Betweener had manipulated them,[17] so that he was released by their actions.[1][17] The three Elders then arrived, joined the In-Betweener and used the five gems -one of them was powering the In-Betweener-[16] to teleport to their native universe.[14][16] Once there, they started flying toward Galactus's ship, with the Trader carrying the gems. Nova sent Galactus's robot Punisher to stop the In-Betweener; but the In-Betweener easily dispatched the robot by summoning its polar opposite. The party then boarded the ship and, when Nova tried to stop them, the Trader defeated her using the power from the gems.[16]
The In-Betweener then tried to destroy the incapacitated Galactus, but he was unable to find any force that could counterbalance him. Unable to fully comply with the deal, and facing the Astronomer and the Trader's complains, the In-Betweener decided to throw Galactus to the black hole, so that there wouldn't be two middle forces in the same universe. The Astronomer and the Possessor tried to forbid this, because their Elder brothers were still within Galactus. The Trader threatened to use his five gems against the In-Betweener.[16]
Death kills Trader and other Elders
The In-Betweener reacted by summoning Death as the polar opposite of the Elders and compelling her to obliterate the three Elders, forcing Death to break her own vow. The Elders were disintegrated,[2][14][16] and Death retired, not forgetting the In-Betweener's crime.[16]
Galactus was eventually saved because the Surfer, Mister Fantastic and the Invisible Woman allied with Lord Order and Master Chaos, who were also angry at the In-Betweener's audacity.[16] Order and Chaos also helped Galactus regurgitate the other Elders.[1][16] Galactus confronted the In-Betweener to push him back to his own universe. The surviving Elders, angry at the In-Betweener having killed the Trader and his other brothers (except for the opposed voice of the Grandmaster), combined the power of their gems to push the In-Betweener back to the black hole.[1][19]
The Surfer's memories of his encounters with the Trader and the other Elders, along with many other of his remembrances, were publicly exhibited to the population of Dynamo City soon afterward.[20]
It is not completely confirmed whether the Trader was really killed.[2] Although he has not been seen again, the Possessor -killed at the same time and in the same conditions- was soon seen with other Elders around a cosmic fetus known as Origin.[21]
The Trader was shown to be living again when he took part in a contest of champions between the Elders of the Universe to decide who would keep the Iso-8 that was now abundant after the rebirth of the multiverse, the Trader's champions lost and he was eliminated from the contest.[22]
Like all Elders of the Universe, the Trader is connected to the energy of the universe due to his single-minded devotion to his "hobby," giving him cosmic awareness of the universe (although this manifests in precognitive flashes which may require long periods of meditation.) As with the Grandmaster's pact with Death, all Elders are unaffected by aging, disease, toxins,[2] or theoretically murder.[16]
The Trader can also tap into this "power primordial" to manipulate cosmic energies, including gravitational, electromagnetic, and light, the full extent of which remains to be revealed.[2] It is known that he can metamorphosize into other beings, read other beings' emotions -although, should this fail, he is also a good psychologist-[3] and survive in hostile environments, including the vacuum of space.[3][16]
The Trader has great intelligence and advanced knowledge of financial matters and of psychology.[3]
Unknown;[2] likely similar to the strength of a human in very good shape, to lift over 350 lbs. over his head with some difficulty.[3]
"Let's make a deal; I'm sure we can all get what we want."
When the Elders got the Soul Gems, the Trader was the one that manipulated these and held them personally. He was seen using the gems to project aggressive beams of force, strong enough to defeat Nova.[16]
The Trader was familiar with a technology named Bodycase that could be used to link one or several items to his person so that the item could only be removed by the Trader's choice or his death. These items could include the Soul Gems[15] or a person, in which case the person would be compelled to obey the Trader to a given extent, and was unable to ignore anything that the Trader forbid.[17]
The Trader has been seen using one-hand laser guns in personal combat, with variable success.[15]
Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe Vol 3 #7 lists his first appearance in Silver Surfer Vol 3 #5 (not specifying the volume), but the Trader is clearly seen in Silver Surfer Vol 3 #4.
The Trader's History text in Gamer's Handbook of the Marvel Universe #4 seems to imply that Death only declared the Elders undying after their first attempt on Galactus, and that Galactus forcefully threw the Trader and his two fellows to a black hole. It also says that, when Galactus defeated the In-Betweener, the Elders rescued the later, and that the Trader escaped that encounter with his life.
His real name was only revealed in the Gardener's entry in Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A-Z Update #4 (2010).
12 Appearances of Cort Zo Tinnus (Earth-616)
2 Minor Appearances of Cort Zo Tinnus (Earth-616)
Media Cort Zo Tinnus (Earth-616) was Mentioned in
10 Images featuring Cort Zo Tinnus (Earth-616)
1 Quotations by or about Cort Zo Tinnus (Earth-616)
Character Gallery: Cort Zo Tinnus (Earth-616)
Search this site for: Trader · Cort Zo Tinnus · Cort Zo Tinnus (Earth-616)
↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A-Z Update #4
↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe Vol 3 #7
↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 Gamer's Handbook of the Marvel Universe #4
↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Silver Surfer Vol 3 #6
↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Silver Surfer Vol 3 #3
↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 Silver Surfer Vol 3 #4
↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe Vol 3 #6
↑ 8.0 8.1 Silver Surfer Vol 3 #5
↑ Quasar #48
↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Silver Surfer Vol 3 #10
↑ 12.0 12.1 Silver Surfer Vol 3 #8
↑ 13.00 13.01 13.02 13.03 13.04 13.05 13.06 13.07 13.08 13.09 13.10 13.11 13.12 13.13 Silver Surfer Vol 3 #9
↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe Vol 3 #1
↑ 15.00 15.01 15.02 15.03 15.04 15.05 15.06 15.07 15.08 15.09 15.10 15.11 Silver Surfer Vol 3 #15
↑ 16.00 16.01 16.02 16.03 16.04 16.05 16.06 16.07 16.08 16.09 16.10 16.11 16.12 16.13 16.14 Silver Surfer Vol 3 #17
↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 Silver Surfer Vol 3 #16
↑ Silver Surfer Annual #1
↑ Silver Surfer Vol 3 #18
↑ Quasar #47-48
↑ Contest of Champions #6
↑ Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe Vol 3 #7
Retrieved from "https://marvel.fandom.com/wiki/Cort_Zo_Tinnus_(Earth-616)?oldid=5267665"
Elders of the Universe members


text:
Lina Ghotmeh (geboren 1980 in Beirut, Libanon) ist eine libanesisch-französische Architektin, die das Pariser Architekturbüro Lina Ghotmeh – Architecture leitet. Weltweite Beachtung bekam sie mit dem ehemaligen Architekturbüro Dorell.Ghotmeh.Tane / Architects für das preisgekrönte Estnische Nationalmuseum. 2021 stellte sie ein Modell ihres Beiruter Projektes Stone Gardens auf der Architekturbiennale Venedig aus.

Beruflicher Werdegang

Jugend und Ausbildung
Lina Ghotmeh wuchs gegen Ende des libanesischen Bürgerkriegs in Beirut auf und entwickelte nach dessen Ende, das Bedürfnis zu reparieren und Geschichte zu erforschen. Ghotmeh sieht Beirut auch heute noch als eine "Landschaft, die sieben Mal verschüttet wurde". Sie studierte Architektur an der Amerikanischen Universität Beirut und schloss das Studium im Jahr 2003 mit diversen Preisen ab.

Nach ihrem Studienabschluss verließ Ghotmeh den Libanon und arbeitete zunächst bei Jean Nouvel und Norman Foster in London.

Dorell.Ghotmeh.Tane / Architects (DGT)
2006 gründeten Dan Dorell, Lina Ghotmeh und Tsuyoshi Tane das Architekturbüro Dorell Ghotmeh Tane / Architects (DGT), nachdem Lina Gothmeh 2005 den Wettbewerb für das Estnische Nationalmuseum gewonnen hatte. 2016 gewann das Büro den Grand Prix Afex 2016 für die Realisierung dieses Projektes.

Neben Architektur gestalteten Dorell Ghotmeh Tane / Architects (DGT) auch Ausstellungen, darunter 2015 die Pariser Ausstellung des japanischen Großmeisters Katsushika Hokusai im Grand Palais.

Mit seinem begrünten Stadion-Entwurf kam das Architekturbüro unter die zehn Finalisten für den Wettbewerb um die Realisierung des neuen Nationalstadions in Tokio.

Im Rahmen der Ausschreibung "Réinventer Paris" 2016 entwarf das Architekturbüro das Projekt Réalimenter Masséna. Dabei wurde ein Mehrzweckgebäude mit Werkstätten, Wohnungen, Büros, Kantine, Markt und Veranstaltungssaal in einem Holzturm entworfen. Das Projekt erhielt eine Auszeichnung im Rahmen der Ausschreibung.

Lina Ghotmeh – Architecture (LG-A)
2016 gründete Ghotmeh ihr eigenes Architekturbüro Lina Ghotmeh – Architecture (LG-A) im 11. Arrondissement von Paris. Es hat ungefähr 30 Mitarbeiter mit kosmopolitischen Profilen.

2017 gestaltete sie die Ausstellung Wonder Lab in Tokio, deren Auftraggeber das Nationalmuseum Tokio war. Darin präsentieren 15 zeitgenössische französische Handwerker und Designer außergewöhnliche Produkte in der Auseinandersetzung zwischen Vergangenheit und Gegenwart. Die Ausstellung wurde 2019 im Auftrag des Chinesischen Nationalmuseums in Peking gezeigt und soll rund um die Welt wandern.

Ghotmeh engagiert sich für ökologisches Bauen und das Bauen mit Holz. Ein nächstes ökologisches Projekt ist der Bau von Wohnungen mit niedrigem CO2-Ausstoß für das Athletendorf der Olympischen Spiele 2024 in Paris.

2018 wurde das Projekt Stone Gardens in Beirut fertiggestellt.

Seit 2019 ist das Architekturbüro zusammen mit Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners stadtplanerisch tätig bei der Neugestaltung des Quartiers Maine Montparnasse. Die Arbeiten werden voraussichtlich 2030 abgeschlossen sein.

Lehrtätigkeiten, Positionen und Vorträge
Von 2008 und 2015 unterrichtete Ghotmeh als Gastdozentin an der Ecole Spéciale d'Architecture in Paris und erwarb im selben Zeitraum das französische Architekturdiplom durch Gleichwertigkeitsprüfung.

Ghotmeh hält Vorträge über ökologische Architektur, wie z. B. bei der französischen Tageszeitung Le Monde und der schweizerischen Tageszeitung Le Temps organisierten Podiumsdiskussion zur Frage "Kann die Natur die Stadt humanisieren?" oder über die "Archäologie der Zukunft", einem Leitgedanken, den sie zusammen mit Tsuyoshi Tane ins Leben gerufen hatte und weiterentwickelt.

An der Yale School of Architecture hatte sie den Louis I Khan Lehrstuhl inne und an der University of Toronto den Gehry Lehrstuhl.

Im Jahr 2021 wurde sie zur Co-Präsidentin des wissenschaftlichen Netzwerks für Architektur in extremen Klimazonen RST arches ernannt. Im selben Jahr wurde sie als unabhängiges Mitglied in den Vorstand von Saint-Gobain berufen: Sie möchte die Spezialisten für Baumaterialien bei den Zielen zur Erreichung der Kohlenstoffneutralität unterstützen.

Projekte und Preise (Auswahl)
Eine Auswahl von fertiggestellten Projekten wird in der Reihenfolge des Fertigstellungsdatums aufgelistet:

Mit Dorell Ghotmeh Tane Architects
 2009: Erweiterungsbau des Geologischen Museums Kopenhagen, Dänemark.
 2010–2017: Gestaltung des Renault-Standes – The Bump
 2012: Annual A+Award des Architizer Magazine, New York City
 2013: Red Dot Design Award
 2012: Nuit Blanche: Illuminations stellaires, Lichtinstallation
 2014: Vitrine d'Hermès, Tokio, Japan.
 2015: Installation für das Éléphant Paname, ein Kunst- und Tanzzentrum in Paris.
 2015: Toraya, japanische Pâtisserie in Paris.
 2015: Une maison pour Oiso, ein Wohnhaus in Oiso, Japan.
 2016: Estnisches Nationalmuseum, Tartu, Estland.
 2016: Grand Prix Afex
 2017: Estonian Architecture Award für das Estnische Nationalmuseum
 2017: Nominierung für den Mies van der Rohe Award
Mit Lina Ghotmeh – Architecture
 2017: Restaurant Les Grands Verres im Palais de Tokyo im 16. Arrondissement von Paris
 2017: Greenhouse, ein Konservatorium auf der Domaine du BoisBuchet
 2018: Boutique Patrick Roger
 2019: Installationen und Tischlampen im Hotel Okura Tokyo: Wisteria's Shadow (Lichtinstallation im Okura Heritage-Flügel, 2.400 lila getönte Kristalle, die im Treppenhaus Stimmung erzeugen), Pyramid of Light (Lichtinstallation im Eingangsbereich des französischen Hotelrestaurants Nouvelle époque, die aus 766 pyramidenförmigen Kristallen besteht) und Paper Blue (Zylindrische Tischlampen aus blauem Washi-Papier, die in der VIP-Bar des Hotel aufgestellt wurden).
 2020: Stone Gardens, einem begrünten Wohnturm mit Galerie und Café in Beirut, Libanon.
 2021: Ghotmeh war mit einem Modell von Stone Gardens auf der 17. Architekturbiennale Venedig vertreten.

Projektunabhängige Auszeichnungen
Für Dorell Ghotmeh Tane / Architects (DGT)
 2008: Prix AJAP (Albums des jeunes architectes et paysagistes = Alben junger Architekten und Landschaftsgestalter) des französischen Ministeriums für Kultur
 2016: Prix Dejean der Académie d'Architecture für ihre Forschungsarbeiten
Für Lina Ghotmeh – Architecture (LG-A)
 2018: European Museum of the Year Award (EMYA)
 2019: Prix Pierre Cardin der Académie des Beaux-Arts
 2020: Schelling-Architekturpreis
 2020: Prix Tamayouz, Preis für eine Frau mit herausragenden Leistungen

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Einzelnachweise

Architekt (Libanon)
Architekt (Frankreich)
Libanese
Geboren 1980
Frau

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