text:
Q: Format DataGridView Cell without changing underlying value? I have an unbound DataGridView (in VS 2008), of which one column contains a file path. I'd like to format the string using the TextRenderer class on the ColumnWidthChanged event without actually modifying the underlying value. The problem is that the contents of the table are saved when the form is closed and I don't want to save the formatted value. I think I'm just in too deep to see the obvious solution so I'm depending on you guys to point it out :-).
The idea is to display this:
C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\SDK\v2.0\Bin\gacutil.exe
...as this (depending on the width of the column):
C:\Program Files\Microso…\gacutil.exe

It appears I spoke too soon. I'm getting some very strange results from TextRenderer.MeasureText(). If I hardcode the path value as "C:\Documents and Settings\jluce\My Documents\Downloads" it comes ends up as
C:\Documents and Settings\jluce\M...\Downloads\0wnloads". If I don't hardcode it (like below) it gets further corrupted each time I resize the column.
Here's what it looks like after a couple resizes:
Screenshot
Here's what I'm currently doing.
  if (e.ColumnIndex == 1)
  {
    foreach (DataGridViewRow Row in mappingsDataGrid.Rows)
    {
      string Path = (string)Row.Cells[1].Value;
      Path = Path.Trim();

      TextRenderer.MeasureText(Path, e.CellStyle.Font,
        new Size(mappingsDataGrid.Columns[e.ColumnIndex].Width, Row.Height),
          TextFormatFlags.ModifyString | TextFormatFlags.PathEllipsis);

      e.Value = Path;
    }
  }

This just keeps getting weirder!!
I managed to fix the problem of the mangled string by iterating through each char and removing the bad ones. However, now I've got an even crazier problem. A local variable I'm assigning in the event handler is retaining its value between calls.
Here's the relevant code:
     string Path = ""; // <-- #1
     Path = "C:\\Documents and Settings\\jluce\\My Documents\\Downloads"; // <-- #2

      TextRenderer.MeasureText(Path, Row.Cells[1].Style.Font,
        new Size((mappingsDataGrid.Columns[e.Column.Index].Width), Row.Height),
          TextFormatFlags.ModifyString | TextFormatFlags.PathEllipsis);

      // Left out code that strips invalid chars

      Row.Cells[1].Value = Path; // <-- #3
      Path = null;

First time resizing column (refer to #'s in the comments above):

*

*After this line Path contains "".

*After this line Path contains string just as it appears above.

*Path contains truncated file path as it should (i.e. "C:\Documents and Setti...\Downloads")

Second time resizing:

*

*After this line Path contains "", as it should.

*After this line Path contains "C:\Documents and Set...\Downloads\0 Documents\Downloads", which was the invalid value from the previous iteration before I stripped out the invalid characters (seen here as '\0')!!

*Now the path is FUBAR because I started with a screwed up string and it just keeps getting worse.

Why would Path be assigned the invalid value from the previous function call (after correctly assigning an empty string!) when I'm explicitly assigning a value to it?!!!!!

A: You need to use CellFormatting event to CHANGE the given value before it's printed (the original object value won't be modified). In your case, you could check if it's the right column by verifying e.ColumnIndex variable and change the e.Value text as I did below:
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
    public Form1()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
    }

    private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        dataGridView1.DataSource = new List<Person>(new Person[] { new Person() { Name = "André", Adress = "Brazil" } });
    }

    private void dataGridView1_CellFormatting(object sender, DataGridViewCellFormattingEventArgs e)
    {
        e.Value = e.Value + " modified";
    }
}

class Person
{
    public String Name { get; set; }
    public String Adress { get; set; }
}

A: TextRenderer.MeasureText method is a nasty one -- it changes the actual string passed as parameter, so it's changing the actual string referenced by the DataGridView. It actually makes a .Net string mutable.
It also seems that this ridiculous method doesn't change the actual Length of the string, but merely overwrites one of the characters with \0 to indicate the end of the string (like null-terminated strings in plain C). That's some funny stuff!
This can have a serious impact on the stability of your app. If you take into account that .Net uses string interning, you can start getting all sorts of weird results, as you did notice that your string constants no longer seem constant.
First step is to create a copy of your string (a new instance with same characters):
string Path = String.Copy(e.Value as string ?? "");

instead of
string Path = (string)Row.Cells[1].Value;

This will ensure that no matter what TextRenderer does, original string will remain unchanged.
After that, you need to get rid of the null-character in the modified string.
By doing this:
if (Path.IndexOf('\0') >= 0)
   e.Value = Path.Substring(0, Path.IndexOf('\0'));
else
   e.Value = Path;

you will create a new instance of a clean, modified string (leaving our temporary Path copy unreferenced for garbage collection).


How to Better Understand Your Target Market - Coach & Grow R.I.C.H.
This is especially true when marketing coaching.
Coaches who try to be all things to all people, struggle.
are not interested in what you have to offer.
well you know your target market.
1. How well can you describe your target market?
Write at least one paragraph and be as specific as possible.
2. What are their biggest problems?
3. How are they currently addressing these problems?
4. What are their most important goals and desires?
their big problems and achieve their most important goals?
7. How can you find your target market?
both in person and online?
9. How would your target market search for you?
understand your market pays huge dividends!
them, they will tell you exactly what you need to know.
2. Do personal interviews with current and past clients.
other, enabling you to get even deeper information.
business model and started offering group coaching!
interviewed as part of his market research.
strategic alliance and joint venture partners.
you more easily reach your ideal clients.
7. Immerse yourself in your target market.
Read magazines, books and articles.
but it sure can't hurt!
shoes in order to really understand them.
enroll and serve your ideal clients.
in a pair of stolen shoes! Ha ha ha ha ha.


text:
https://www.waxeloquent.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Shane-Reeves-About-Me.mp4
Christian Family Man.
Business Leader. Senator.
The journey to become the State Senator from the 14th District of Tennessee was a hard road for Senator Shane Reeves. After years building a business, raising a family, and serving his church and community, Shane Reeves was ready to pursue his life-long dream of public office.
It all began with gathering a campaign team versed in the needed areas of campaign strategy, fundraising, mail, and digital marketing. Wax Eloquent was brought on to be the campaign's digital team. Our first step began with creating a visual identity for the candidate- logo, photography, and videography- all woven together to tell Shane Reeves' story of being a Conservative business owner and family man.
Next came the creation of his official website at ReevesForTN.com. The site was built to let people learn about the candidate and his stance on the issues and to be a collection point for information to rally the troops. Each page pointed to an email collection point for voters to volunteer, request a yard sign, sign up for an event, or pledge their vote. The result was an engaged audience that was ready to be mobilized.
Shane Reeves approached the campaign differently than his opponents. His vision was to run a strong digital campaign that reflected his professionalism and commitment to the office. Wax Eloquent developed a digital strategy to target likely voters in the district with the most relevant message.
Get out the vote.
Through early voting to election day, the time came to push the voter audience into action. Wax ran five social channels for the candidate, developed social advertisements, crafted email campaigns, and regularly released new content on the website. Between Wax's digital efforts and the campaign team's field efforts and advertisements, voters were consistently reminded that it was time to vote.
The results speak for themselves.
Shane Reeves won the primary election against a well-known opponent with a decisive 65% to 35% victory and again in the general election with 71% of the vote. On March 15, 2018, the first-time candidate was sworn-in to become Senator Shane Reeves, representing the 14th District of Tennessee.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Washington State rejects five insurers from the exchange; Sebelius warns about ACA disinformation;
> Washington State rejected five insurers to provide coverage within its health insurance exchange, drawing criticism that it would curb consumer choice. Article
> Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius warns that disinformation about healthcare reform in red states makes implementing the Affordable Care Act more difficult. Article
> A hospital technician who deliberately infected dozens of patients with hepatitis C will receive at least a 30-year prison sentence. Article
> The length of time it takes to hire nurses and allied health staff is having a negative effect on healthcare organizations, particularly overworked employees who suffer from low morale and patients who don't get attention when they need it, according to a new Career Builder study. Article
Healthcare IT News
> Affinity Health Plan will pay more than $1.2 million for HIPAA violations, according to the Health and Human Services Office of Civil Rights. A photocopier it previously leased was sold to television network CBS--the CBS Evening News discovered that the copier had protected health information on its hard drive. Affinity estimated that the breach affected 344,579 individuals. Article
And Finally...Grandmother gives birth to twin granddaughters. Article


text:
Q: Failed to compile haskell source using GHC, link error I'm new to Haskell. with GHC, I tried to compile:
trace.hs, a simple ray tracer (content may doesn't matter):
import System.IO
import System.Process
import Linear.V3
import Linear.Metric
import Linear.Vector
import Control.Applicative
import Control.Monad

type Scalar = Double
type Vector = V3 Scalar
type Distance = Scalar
type Position = Vector
type Direction = Vector
type Arrow = Vector
type Color = Vector
data Ray = Ray Position Direction

trace :: Ray -> Color
trace (Ray origin direction) = direction

colorToInt x = round $ 255 * sqrt x

main = do
  let image = "image.ppm"
      (nx, ny) = (40, 40)
      eyepos = V3 0 0 0
      genRay dir = Ray eyepos $ normalize dir
      rayGen sx sy = genRay $ V3 sx sy 1
      rayOf x y = let fi = fromIntegral in
                      rayGen (fi x / fi nx + 0.5)
                             (fi y / fi ny + 0.5)
      rays = rayOf <$> [0..nx-1] <*> [0..ny-1]
      result = map (fmap colorToInt) . map trace $ rays

  handle <- openFile image WriteMode
  let put = hPutStrLn handle

  put "P3"
  put $ show nx ++ ' ' : show ny
  put "255"

  forM_ result $ \(V3 r g b) -> do
    put $ show r ++ ' ' : show g ++ ' ' : show b

  hClose handle
  system $ "display " ++ image
  return ()

but error occurred:
bate@archbin:~/hsrt/vuee$ ghc --make trace.hs
Linking trace ...
/usr/local/bin/ld: cannot find -lHSlens-4.15.4-L23zn92GAPI1hUmidWzY63
/usr/local/bin/ld: cannot find -lHSvector-0.12.0.1-692PQMDMB6pIQ1uGwefDcQ
/usr/local/bin/ld: cannot find -lHSth-abstraction-0.2.5.0-IQJC3onXzKuCarhyL6pEOQ
/usr/local/bin/ld: cannot find -lHSreflection-2.1.2-1Oix9U9tVVU4sCEhxeh8Kr
/usr/local/bin/ld: cannot find -lHSparallel-3.2.1.1-KQJHWCcq2Ka569Stb10nhx

...

/usr/local/bin/ld: cannot find -lHSStateVar-1.1.0.4-8WOljMLP9CI2EkNoKyIopY
/usr/local/bin/ld: cannot find -lHSstm-2.4.4.1-iSYwp3RMY11sHCifJ3gtR
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
`gcc' failed in phase `Linker'. (Exit code: 1)
bate@archbin:~/hsrt/vuee$
bate@archbin:~/hsrt/vuee$ ghc --version
The Glorious Glasgow Haskell Compilation System, version 8.0.2
bate@archbin:~/hsrt/vuee$
bate@archbin:~/hsrt/vuee$ ls /usr/lib/libHS*
/usr/lib/libHSadjunctions-4.3-IiXaMJ9VhRwGggTqHGtSLU-ghc8.0.2.so
/usr/lib/libHSaeson-1.1.2.0-8R262j8BseM7FTnCfGfbwu-ghc8.0.2.so
/usr/lib/libHSaeson-compat-0.3.7.1-BegDnMRPSO7KSvclD5A4Lc-ghc8.0.2.so
/usr/lib/libHSansi-wl-pprint-0.6.8-442hsaqSoAVL7JUQ0ogC39-ghc8.0.2.so

...

I'm on Arch Linux, i686, with package ghc, ghc-static installed.
The error occur since I've reinstalled GHC using
sudo pacman -S ghc ghc-static
the error seems to be caused by Linear.*
I've tried remove /usr/local/bin $PATH, but nothing well.
In /usr/lib, I found libHSghc-8.0.2.so.
It seems ghc didn't tell ld to -lHSghc-8.0.2, why?
How should I fix this?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Pliomeridae is a family of phacopide trilobites, containing the following genera:

Anapliomera
Benedettia
Canningella
Colobinion
Coplacoparia
Cybelopsis
Ectenonotus
Encrinurella
Evropeites
Gogoella
Guizhoupliomerops
Hawleia
Hintzeia
Humaencrinuroides
Ibexaspis
Josephulus
Kanoshia
Leiostrototropis
Liexiaspis
Ngaricephalus
Obliteraspis
Ovalocephalus
Parahawleia
Parapliomera
Perissopliomera
Placoparia
Pliomera
Pliomerella
Pliomeridius
Pliomerina
Pliomerops
Protoencrinurella
Protopliomerella
Protopliomerops
Pseudocybele
Pseudomera
Quinquecosta
Rossaspis
Strotactinus
Tesselacauda
Tienshihfuia
Tzuchiatocnemis

References

Trilobite families
Paleozoic life of Newfoundland and Labrador
Fossil taxa described in 1913

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Myths and Facts of the COY Program
Collegian of the Year Award Winners
The Collegian of the Year Award is presented annually to the one outstanding collegiate member of Delta Sigma Pi who has exemplified the values and ideals of the Fraternity, and is presented on the regional, provincial, and national levels based on nominations from collegiate chapters.
The award recognizes an individual for their contributions, achievements, participation, and personal character. The member selected as the National Collegian of the Year represents all collegians by serving a two-year term on the Board of Directors. The National Collegian of the Year Award is the highest honor Delta Sigma Pi can bestow on one of its collegiate members.
Review Collegian of the Year winners - including national, provincial, and regional recipients—along with their chapter and school affiliations.
Being nominated as your chapter's Collegian of the Year (COY) is one of the highest honors a collegiate members can be presented. Watch this webinar, where we provide tips on how to fully represent yourself in the application process to maximize your chances to be recognized as a Regional, Provincial, or even the National Collegian of the Year.
Regional Collegian of the Year winners receive a cash award from the Delta Sigma Pi Leadership Foundation, made possible by the Mr. and Mrs. Sydney A. Sparks and Clyde Kitchens/Thoben Elrod Endowments, a pearl and ruby badge, and recognition at national events and in The Deltasig magazine.
Provincial Collegian of the Year winners receive an additional $500 academic scholarship from the Delta Sigma Pi Leadership Foundation, made possible by Mr. and Mrs. Sydney A. Sparks.
National award winners are eligible to receive a $5,000 academic scholarship from the Delta Sigma Pi Leadership Foundation, made possible by Mr. and Mrs. Sydney A. Sparks.
Board Role
The National winner serves as voting members of Delta Sigma Pi's Board of Directors, representing the collegiate voice, for a two-year term. With great recognition also comes great responsibility—much of which can occur when the winner is transitioning from campus to career life. Board responsibilities can require several hours of time per week and sometimes requires travel that may be partially self-funded. It is important for members to know these responsibilities of the National Collegian of the Year before applying:
Engage and seek feedback, thoughts, and ideas from collegiate members and communicate those viewpoints to the Fraternity's governing bodies
Attend and actively participate in National Fraternity events, including LEAD events, GCC and regular Board meetings
Serve on the National Organizational Development Committee and other committees and task forces as assigned
Assist in the development and implementation of an annual plan to educate members about the Collegian of the Year program and encourage their participation in the program


text:
Digital Assassin 5
The bots were humanoid, made of a black metal alloy with fully articulated hands and fingers. They had identical featureless faces, with glowing red eyes and a rectangular slit for a mouth. Each carried a rifle and fired green bolts into the crates where the pirates crouched.
Thoop! Thoop! Thoopah!
They advanced from the doorway, shooting at the crates. Everybody kept their heads down.
Maxwell looked over at the twins crouched beside him and said, "Okay you two. This is why you're getting a larger share. Get to work!"
Samuel and Skylar nodded at him, and disappeared.
Samuel reappeared behind one of the bots, his pistol raised to its head. He squeezed the trigger.
Poom!
The bot's head disintegrated. He shot three more at close range before they could adjust and turn to aim at him.
Skylar appeared behind another one and executed the same maneuver, blowing off the head of the closest one and shooting two more.
While the bots were distracted with the twins popping up in different locations, Maxwell nodded at the others behind the crates. As one, they stood and began blasting into the crowd.
Thoop! Thoopah! Thoop! Thoop!
Moments later, Maxwell said, "Hold your fire!"
On the floor, smoking robot parts lay scattered about. Nothing was left to shoot back.
Maxwell said, "There went half a million credits' worth of robot, blown to smithereens. Maybe we can sell some spare parts out of that."
Skylar flickered into existence in front of them, making a couple of the men jump in surprise. She and her brother were both very attractive. Her white hair was tied back in a ponytail to stay out of the way.
Something about her skin seemed different from a normal person, though. Maxwell assumed it had to do with the Gemini experiments and their resulting abilities, because her brother's skin looked the same. It almost seemed to glow, in an eggshell-white sort of aura. Maxwell had very dark skin, and the pirates onboard the Mule and others on Lute came in all shades, just as elsewhere in the galaxy. But Skylar and her brother seemed to glow in a strange way that other humans do not.
The whole aura thing was odd and off-putting enough that no pirate ever bothered Skylar on any voyage, no matter how long they were in space with her. Never mind the fact she or her brother could kill them as easily as thinking about it. People generally obeyed the rules on voyages, since breaking them had very bad consequences. But the glowing skin thing freaked out most of the single men onboard to the point they never bothered to make any moves on her anyway.
Samuel flickered, then came into full sight next to his sister. Maxwell nodded at them and motioned toward the door.
He said, "Now get over to the other side and open it for us."
They nodded at him and disappeared.
Skylar flickered back into sight, blinking three times before becoming solid.
She said, "We've got about a hundred people in the main corridor behind the door. They're all armed, guns pointed this way, and they're just waiting for us to come in."
"Is that right?" Maxwell said. "No wonder their guy doesn't think he has to surrender. How many can you and Samuel take care of for us?"
"I don't think we can get them all before they figure out what's going on. We can take out a lot, though."
"Well, war is hell. Just remember, the more survivors we have, the higher the collective ransom we can get. Especially with officers."
Skylar nodded and said, "I don't think there will be many survivors."
She disappeared again.
The door slowly slid up, and behind it the pirates could hear the sounds of blaster fire as the duo popped up and down the corridor, shooting and killing the defenders.
By the time the door fully opened, the floor of the wide hallway behind it was littered with bodies. Maxwell made a motion and his men moved out from behind the crates, rifles ready.
They approached the doorway carefully. Several meters away, the twins continued popping up next to people, shooting them, then disappearing before anybody could line up for a clear shot.
One man groaned on the floor and rolled over, a blackened hole in his chest oozing blood. His eyes widened at the sight of the pirates walking up and he lifted his pistol in a shaking hand.
Maxwell shot him in the head, and his body slumped, the pistol clattering to the floor.
The men watched as the line of human destruction continued further down the corridor. Blaster fire and screams echoed ahead.
Maxwell lowered his rifle and said, "I don't want to hear any complaints about their bigger share. They're doing most of the work here."
Several of his men grunted in agreement, impressed at the carnage. They moved down the corridor, stepping between bodies.
This entry was posted in Pirates of the Milky Way. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
Galectin Blocker is Front Runner in Fight Against NASH-Cirrhosis
October 2, 2018 by Sultan Beardsley 2 Comments
GALT's phase 3 study inclusion criteria will be patients diagnosed with NASH-cirrhosis but without varices, and includes an interim analysis.
Competition in the NASH-cirrhosis space is lacking.
The FDA agreed to progression of varcies as a phase 3 primary endpoint. This was achieved in nearly all the patients without varices in phase 2b.
An interim analysis creates the opportunity for a New Drug Application (NDA) submission 18 months into phase 3.
GALT has a robust patent portfolio of novel Galectin blocking carbohydrates for autoimmune diseases, cancer, and fibrotic indications.
Only NASH-cirrhosis competitor CNAT hid that Emricasan failed to benefit cirrhotic patients in the POLT trial by combining F5 stage cirrhosis with F3-F4 stage patients.
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) is the result of untreated or unsuccessfully treated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a disease that afflicts millions of people worldwide and represents the next pharma gold-rush estimated to be worth between 35-40 billion dollars by 2025. In the later stages of NASH-cirrhosis patients can develop esophageal varices (bulging veins in the esophagus) and are the number one complication leading to death among NASH patients. In the USA alone, there is an estimated 1.5-3 million patients suffering from NASH-cirrhosis without varices. And therein lies one of Galectin Therapeutic's (GALT) key advantages.
From Galectin's Phase 3 NASH Press Release:
"The primary endpoint will be chosen from two endpoints that the FDA agreed may be acceptable: The change in hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG), which is a measure of liver blood pressure, or the progression to esophageal varices." Both of these endpoints were achieved unequivocally in the patients without varices in phase 2b. Importantly, 100% of patients in GALT's GR2 group from phase 2b met the endpoint of "progression to esophageal varices" (No patient (slide 15) in the GR2 group developed any varices while on the drug). Therefore the selection of progression to esophageal varices would represent a "slam dunk" endpoint for GRMD02. And using Intercept's PBC Pricing model for Ocaliva, sales could exceed 3 billion in first year. Obviously Galectin is not the only player in the NASH arena. Other companies such as Madrigal Pharma, Viking Therapeutics, Galmed, Intercept, and Gilead all want a slice of the NASH pie. However, Conatus Pharmaceuticals (CNAT) is the only other company specifically targeting the NASH-cirrhosis patient population. The thing the market has not realized yet though, is its really a one horse race and that horse is GALT. Here is why:
CNAT's lead candidate for NASH, Emricasan, failed to demonstrate efficacy for patients with cirrhosis in their POLT trial. It is worth noting that the Conatus' POLT trial was for post transplant patients. Yet, after 2 years of therapy both the F5 and F6-stage groups (the cirrhosis patients) still did not improve. While the company didn't separate out F5-stage results, when doing the math on the patient counts for each group starting with F3-stage patients and looking at the number of drug vs. placebo responders, only 1 F5 Cirrhosis patient responded compared to 2 placebo cirrhosis responders (the F3, F4-stage patients had 18/19 responders and of the F3, F4, F5-stage patients 19/20 responded.) The F6 treatment group failed to respond entirely!
Conatus' POLT trial represents the longest treatment for post-transplant cirrhosis patients with Emricasan. The drug did work, while not over the top, in the non-cirrhosis patient groups (F2-F4), but overall trial failed to achieve its endpoint. So, it appears that Emricasan may have a target population that differs entirely from Galectin Therapeutics. It will be necessary to evaluate the data from Conatus' phase 2 NASH-Cirrhosis trial due in the fourth quarter of 2018 to conclude the true treatment effect in cirrhosis patients. But, one could envision that even in the case of efficacy, due to different mechanisms of action, that both drug treatments (Conatus and Galectin) would be synergistic as a combination therapy.
When we look at the current standard of care for NASH and fatty-liver disease another advantage for GALT becomes apparent. Insurance companies are actually liable to pay for GRMD02.
Current Standard of care
Doctors at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIH) recommend maintaining a healthy diet and exercise regime to promote weight loss which lessens fat accumulation in the liver. No drug is approved to treat NAFLD or NASH but there is a screening method called FibroScan capable of detecting fatty liver disease. Unfortunately, in NAFLD and even non-cirrhotic NASH patients often do not exhibit symptoms until cirrhosis, so insurance companies won't cover it (FLF. 2018). The medical business is not structured to treat seemingly healthy patients and insurers do not want to pay for unprompted health screens (FLF. 2018). Considering this, it's not a stretch to assume insurers won't pay for preemptive drugs either. NASH-Cirrhosis is a different story. Serious symptoms emerge including; Easy bleeding/bruising, fatigue, nausea, slurred speech, confusion, and yellowing of the skin and eyes (Jaundice). Sadly, the only option is a liver transplant and life-time preventative organ rejection medication. That is why Galectin is further positioned advantageously. Its target patient population has liver-cirrhosis, but not yet esophageal varices. This means the patients will be at the later, symptomatic stages of NASH warranting treatment costs by insurers. However, it is still a good idea to take a look at other companies pursuing NAFLD and NASH treatments, their market caps, treatment approaches, and clinical trial data in order to solidify GALT as the leader in NASH-cirrhosis.
Companies in the NAFLD and NASH Space
Madrigal Pharmaceuticals (MDGL)
Madrigal is a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company primarily focused on a specific thyroid hormone pathway in the liver implicated in cardio-metabolic (fatty heart disease) and liver diseases. MDGL's lead drug candidate (MGL-3196) is beta-selective thyroid receptor agonist. What does all that jargon mean? Essentially, MGL-3196 is a synthetic thyroid hormone that selectively interacts with only a certain type of thyroid receptor (beta) specific to liver cells (Pramfalk et al. 2010). Binding by MGL-3196 at the receptor site initiates a chain of reactions that ultimately regulates fat metabolism in the liver. That is why people with thyroid hormone deficiencies are more susceptible to NAFLD (Eshraghian et al. 2014).
From a shareholders perspective, MDGL is doing phenomenal. Not only do they have a market cap (MC) of $4.27B and share price of $296 (Nasdaq), but the company also achieved its primary endpoint in a phase 2 trial testing MGL-3196 on patients with Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia (HeFH). The good news did not stop there. The company went on to announce in another press release on May 31st, 2018 that they achieved their liver biopsy endpoints in a 36 week phase 2 trial on ~150 patients with NASH. The PR does not mention what stage of NASH these patients were in at baseline, but It appears that none were cirrhotic. This is based on a statement made by the CEO Paul Friedman M.D. He stated "Further, considering what we have learned regarding drug exposure and dosing, we believe there is potential to resolve NASH in as little as 9 months in 30-40% of patients receiving only MGL-3196, a well-tolerated once a day oral therapy". Based on the fact that liver cirrhosis occurs when scar tissue begins to overcome healthy liver cells (Stanford Health Care) putting someone on the brink of liver failure and death, it is hard to conceive resolving the condition in 9 months.
Viking Therapeutics (VKTX)
VKTX is a clinical stage biotech company pursuing novel, first-in-class therapies for endocrine and metabolic disorders. A huge highlight for this company is their exclusive worldwide rights to a portfolio consisting of 5 clinical or preclinical studies based on drug candidates licensed from Ligand Pharmaceuticals Inc (LGND). All it takes is for one or two of these drugs to gain FDA approval for VKTX to start generating revenue. Currently, VKTX has a MC of $522.06M, 50.93M shares outstanding, and traded last at $10.25/share (Nasdaq). They have two clinical programs. One is the development of an oral drug, nonsteroidal selective androgen modulator (SARM) for development of selective thyroid hormone receptor activators involved in lipid disorders, one of which is NAFLD. Thus far VKTX has seen promising data in animal models. On June 5th, 2018 Viking announced completion of enrollment of a phase 2 study for patients with Hypercholesterolemia and NAFLD. On September 18th VKTX's share price doubled reaching a high around $23 per share on announcement of positive top-line data. The phase 2 study met its primary endpoint of significantly lower LDL-cholesterol in patients who took VK2809. Viking now represents a more significant threat to MDGL whos drug MGL-3196 does essentially the same thing but the company has over a 3X valuation ($1.06 and $3.29B respectively) while neither has an approved product.
Intercept Pharmaceuticals (ICPT)
ICPT focuses on developing drugs to treat non-viral , progressive liver diseases. They have market cap of 2.78B, 29.58M shares outstanding, and traded last at $94.50 (Nasdaq). Intercept's lead drug candidate is a compound called Obeticholic acid (OCA). It targets a key receptor (FXR) involved in regulating fibrotic and inflammatory pathways. Bile acids produced by catabolism of cholesterol inside the liver (Chiang. 2017) play a pivotal role in the metabolism of lipids, carbs, and fats by activating the FXR gene. So when bile acid biosynthesis gets out of whack people become prone to liver complications (Chiang. 2017). It appears that OCA upregulates FXR expression which combats fat accumulation in the liver, a driver of cirrhosis. In an April press release ICPT reported positive data from a phase 3 sub study supporting OCA's antifibrotic effects.
ICPT has a diverse pipeline with an MMA/NDL filed for Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC), and OCA in phase 3 for NASH. But for fibrotic and metabolic diseases they are still in phase 1. In May of 2018 ICPT released another positive PR announcing Q1 2018 financial results, Ocaliva sales guidance, and business update. In April of 2018 there was an offering in which 2,695,313 shares of common stock were sold for $64 a piece. Currently, Ocaliva is approved for one indication (PBC) in combo with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) which generated $36M in revenue.
Conatus Pharmaceuticals (CNAT)
CNAT is a clinical stage biotech company focused on treating liver diseases. They have a MC of $142.08M, 30.06M shares outstanding, and last traded at $4.75 (Nasdaq). Their lead drug candidate 'Emricasan' is an orally administered pan-caspase inhibitor. The scientific rationale is that because caspase enzymes are involved in regulating cell inflammation and apoptosis (cell death) inhibiting them will interfere with NASH progression to liver-cirrhosis. The latest evidence supporting Emricasan's efficacy was preclinical data in mice showing increased survival rates, decreased fibrosis, and decreased blood pressure in mice liver.
Arguably one of CNAT's biggest successes came in December 2016 when they entered into an "Exclusive Worldwide Option, Collaboration and License Agreement Covering Development and Commercialization of Emricasan" with pharma giant Novartis (NVS). This was great news for CNAT shareholders because NVS has the cash to support CNAT in bringing Emricasan through clinical trials and into commercialization, providing its effective. Mice is one thing but what works in lower level mammals does not always translate equally in humans. The results from three randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 clinical trials testing the efficacy of Emricasan will be a make or break for CNAT. The remainder of the data is expected in Q4 of 2018. Shareholder sentiment is optimistic but as an outsider looking in it is hard not to be concerned about the trial design. The study is being conducted in several locations across the U.S. and E.U. and consists of ~240 patients with a mixture of compensated and decompensated liver-cirrhosis. The latter is what's most concerning. Decompensated liver-cirrhosis is the end of the line and associated with liver failure, jaundice, and fluid accumulation from ruptured cells (Thornton. 2018). Given Emricasan did not demonstrate efficacy on F5/F6 stage patients in the POLT Trial (cirrhosis patients), there is reason to doubt it's performance in patients with decompensated liver-cirrhosis. Compensated liver-cirrhosis on the other hand is more or less asymptomatic although high liver blood pressure and varices may occur (Thornton. 2018). The mixture of these two conditions in the patient population puts a lot of pressure on Emricasan to perform and achieve statistical significance while combating the worst NASH has to offer. Admittedly, the experimental patient criteria does have an important difference that may be favorable for Emricasan. Patients in POLT had liver transplants prior to treatment while patients in the phase 2 trial did not.
GILD is a researched based biopharmaceutical company that strives to commercialize innovative medicine and fulfill unmet medical needs. Compared to clinical stage biotech companies like CNAT, VKTX, and GALT Gilead is well established with ~30 products approved since 1987. They have a MC of $97.79B, 1.3B shares outstanding, and traded last at $75.30 per share (Nasdaq). Their pipeline has many drug candidates for a variety of indications such as HIV/AIDS, Hematology/Oncology, and Liver Diseases. Under the umbrella of Gilead's liver disease clinical research program, 3 of its molecules are directed at treating NASH. One is an FXR agonist (induces greater FXR activity), the same receptor targeted by ICPT's lead molecule OCA, and is in phase 2 of development. FXR is a protein which activates genes that maintain a healthy balance of bile acids, fats, and cholesterol in the liver (Zhu et al. 2011). The second compound is an Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK-1) inhibitor. ASK-1 belongs to the MAP3K protein family that mediates cell growth and death (Fiedler et al. 2014). Inhibition of ASK-1 by knocking out the gene responsible for its production reduced liver fibrosis and cell death in mice (Schuster et al. 2017). In October of 2016 Gilead announced top-line results from a phase 2 trial testing the efficacy of ASK-1 inhibition at treating NASH in humans. Gilead scientists determined that GS-4997 (the ASK-1 inhibitor) demonstrated antifibrotic activity and warranted advancement to phase 3. From reading the PR it appeared few to none of the patients had liver cirrhosis and were still in the earlier stages of NASH when symptoms may not be present. Gilead's third NASH candidate is an Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACC) inhibitor.
Fatty-acid (FA) synthesis and degradation is stringently controlled in our body based on physiological demands (NCBI. 2002). For example, when carbs are plentiful and FAs are low biosynthesis of FAs is maximized (NCBI. 2002). The rationale is that because ACC plays a central role in the biosynthesis of FAs (NCBI. 2002) inhibiting them will prevent fat accumulation and thus liver fibrosis/cirrhosis. In an October of 2017 PR Gilead announced the drug (GS-0976) significantly reduced liver fat and fibrosis. The study was a randomized, placebo-controlled trial with two dosage groups (5mg and 20mg) administered once daily orally for 12 weeks. The study included 126 patients diagnosed with NASH stages 1-3. None were cirrhotic (Stage 4).
Galmed Pharmaceuticals (GLMD)
GLMD is a biopharmaceutical company developing a once daily oral drug (Aramchol) for NASH but also other liver disorders. First let's break down the science behind Aramchol and see just how this thing works. Aramchol is a targeted SCD-1 modulator with dual action by both decreasing liver fibrosis AND a promoting positive effect on Hepatic Stellate Cells (HSC's), aka collagen cells. SCD-1 stands for stearoyl-CoA desaturase and catalyzes the rate limiting step in biosynthesis of fatty acids. So it is only logical that if GLMD wanted less fat accumulation in the liver then they should knock out or at least knock down the gene encoding SCD-1. Well that is essentially what they did in mice and saw that it decreased obesity, increased energy expenditure, and increased the expression of genes promoting fatty acid oxidation and reducing fibrosis.
On 06/12/2018 GLMD more than doubled (~$7-$27) in value during the pre-market on news of positive results from its Global Phase-2b ARREST 52-week Study in NASH patients. A statistically significant reduction in liver fat was detected in patients via Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) compared to a placebo group. In another treatment group given a higher dosage they found significantly more patients compared to the placebo groupp had NASH resolution without worsening of fibrosis. This was a huge win for the company no doubt, but it appears the market overreacted. Since its spike to a high of $27.06/share (Nasdaq)the price has come down substantially as investors took profits and the reality of the results set in. And the reality is not a bad one. The thing is these patients were not cirrhotic and likely not showing symptoms, therefore falling into the category of 'ineligible for NAFLD detection/preventative measures like FibroScan. The next stock up has a reasonable likelihood to surpass the recent performance of Galmed in the authors opinion, but when this one moves, there won't be any coming back down. And if you have not guessed already, it is Galectin Therapeutics.
Galectin Therapeutics (GALT)
GALT is in a clinical stage biotech company leveraging their scientific understanding of galectin proteins to treat chronic liver diseases, skin diseases, and cancer. Galectin's lead drug candidate (GR-MD-02) is a carbohydrate isolated from apples that inhibits galectin proteins, specifically Galectin-3 (Gal-3) implicated in fibrosis/cirrhosis (Li et al. 2014). The rationale for advancing GRMD02 through phase 1, 2, and now into phase 3 is thus easy to follow: Galectin-3 is implicated in causing fibrosis/cirrhosis of the liver, GR-MD-02 inhibits galectin-3 activity and patients with liver-cirrhosis without varices who took the drug had substantial, statistically significant, decreases in liver blood pressure compared to placebo patients (liver blood pressure is considered a good bio-indicator of NASH severity/progression/status) and none of the patients in the GR2 (2mg) and only one patient in the GR8 (8mg) treatment groups respectively developed varices compared to 6 in the placebo group in the phase 2b study.
The data clearly supports GR-MD-02's efficacy on patients with NASH-cirrhosis without varices, a criteria that half of the 3-5 million patients in the United States with NASH-cirrhosis meet. Furthermore, there have been zero concerns regarding safety. Considering the favorable choice of endpoints (change in liver blood pressure OR progression of varices) and safety profile for GRMD02, GALT is positioned to blow phase 3 out of the water and gain FDA approval within 18 months. Big pharma will surely express interest in engaging GALT once the phase 3 study design and cost is finalized. Something else that is impressive about GALT is the strength of their patent portfolio of novel carbohydrates and the seemingly versatility of GR-MD-02, as demonstrated in refractory melanoma and head and neck cancer patients.
Galectin is engaged in 'Keytruda' combo study with Merck Pharmaceuticals (MRK) and treated patients with refractory melanoma and head and neck cancer that did not respond to Keytruda alone. What's so impressive is that patients considered 'out of options' responded to treatment in a phase 1b study designed to show safety, not efficacy. Doctors at Providence Medical Center in Portland conducting the studying were encouraged by these positive preliminary results and enrolled more patients with melanoma and head and neck cancer. The response rates from the third cohort supported the read-outs from cohorts 1 and 2 and identified 4 mg/kg as the probable optimal dosage. Furthermore, biomarker data corroborated the findings that Keytruda supplemented with GRMD02 significantly increased the treatment benefit for patients with melanoma and head and neck cancer.
How much is it to buy into a company with such a promising outlook? The answer may or may not surprise you. At the time of writing this article (July 8th, 2018) GALT had a market cap of $253.22M, 37.57M shares outstanding, and traded last at $6.84 per share. Given the 8k filed 5/29/18 stating 'transaction incentives' up to 300% for top execs base salary, 'retention bonuses' 75% of base salary, hiring of Back Bay Life Sciences Advisors, appointment of billionaire Richard Uihlein as board chairman, receiving of a patent for GR for method and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, and replacement of CEO Dr. Traber with COO Dr. Shlevin known for making deals happen, the time is now to accumulate shares of GALT in the authors opinion before a buyout, partnership, licensing agreement, sends the share price soaring.
I am/we are long GALT
This article expresses my own opinions and I wrote it myself. I was not compensated to write it and have no business connections with Galectin Therapeutics.
MS Money Move and its Chief Operating Officer who is a scientist and individual investor, as well as its affiliates are not registered financial advisors. Our posts should serve as educational material to help you conduct due diligence research. Posts and articles are not directives or recommendations to invest in any security. We reserve the right to buy or sell any security for ourselves without any notification except when required by law. We are not responsible for the action of our affiliates. Investment theses may change due to the variable nature of the securities market. Because of this there is great risk when investing in stocks and options which can result is capital loss. Additionally, past performance by MS Money Moves or any security is not a predictor of future performance. Everyone should conduct their own research and due diligence before making an investment decision. We recommend you consult a financial advisor regarding any investment action.
The biotech sector is especially volatile. Stock prices may fluctuate substantially based on material or nonmaterial developments. We encourage everyone to familiarize themselves with clinical trial processes, relevant terminology, FDA/SEC rules and regulations, and the general processes of drug & therapy development/approval. Always do independent research in a security prior to investing.
Filed Under: Equity Analysis Tagged With: $CNAT, $MDGL, $MRK, $NVS, ACC inhibitor, Aramchol, Back Bay Life Sciences, binary catalyst, biotech stocks, buyout, Cancer, Cirrhosis, Conatus pharmaceuticals, day trading, Dick Uline, Emricasan, Fibroscan, Fibrotic diseases, FXR, Galectin 3, Galectin-3 inhibition, Galetin Therapeutics, Galmed Pharmaceuticals, GALT, GILD, Gilead, GLMD, head and neck cancer, ICPT, immunotherapy, Intercept Pharmaceuticals, investing, investors, Keytruda, licensing agreement, Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, melanoma, Merck, MGL-3196, money, NAFLD, NASH, Novartis, Ocalvia, Oncology, partnership, PBC, pdufa, personal finance, POLT trial, providence medical center, Richard Uihlein, SARM, SEC filings, stanford healthcare, stock market, stocks, swing trading, technical analysis, Thyroid, Trevena Inc, TRVN, Uline, Viking Therapeutics, VK2809, VKTX
Andrey says
Great article, but what about GALT finances? Do they have enough money?
Sorry for the late reply! Thanks for your comment 🙂
The company has enough money for operations through June of 2019. Although, a popular sentiment floating around is they will be bought out before then. As I have said in most my articles on GALT there is certainly a good chance of a BO. IMO the only missing puzzle piece is the finalization of a phase 3 design and protocol that is approved by the FDA. Any big pharma company is going to want to know this information before buying GALT. This could be part of discussions behind closed doors.


text:
package com.stulsoft.dyn.option

import scala.collection.JavaConverters._

/** See README.md
  *
  * @author Yuriy Stul
  */
object Main extends App {
  println("Args:")
  args.foreach(println)

  println("")
  println("System environment variables (only started with my-prefix):")
  System.getProperties.asScala
    .filter(i => i._1.startsWith("my"))
    .toList
    .sortBy((i) => i._1)
    .foreach(i => println(s"name=${i._1}, value=${i._2}"))
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
The George Moore Scholars
One of the pillars of The Ireland Funds' mission is education.
The Ireland Funds invests in high-quality education by supporting programs that widen access to and participation in third-level education, and extend a broad range of learning opportunities for students of all ages.
It was such a pleasure to meet the George Moore Scholars, these are Ireland's brightest and best. I have no doubt every one of them will be successful in their various fields of study. George would have wished for them the happiest of futures.
— Angela Moore
Pursue your higher education dream.
In February 2020, The Ireland Funds launched the George Moore Scholars program, an ambitious all-Ireland scholarship program that offers extraordinary supports to academically talented students who wish to undertake a master's degree in the US, UK, or Canada to realize their full career potential.
The high-value scholarships will cover the cost of higher education fees, research, travel, visas, health insurance and other living costs associated with pursuing postgraduate education abroad.
By 2025, it is expected that the number of George Moore Scholars will grow to 50 per annum, supported from a fund of €2 million ($2.36m) annually.
View October 2021 webinar
The George Moore Scholars – Ruth Moore
The George Moore Scholars – Jack Cullen
The George Moore Scholars – Frances Logan
The George Moore Scholars – Celia Reynolds
The George Moore Scholars – Alex Fish
George Moore
George Moore grew up in County Louth, Ireland. George completed a Bachelor and Master's degrees at University College Dublin before emigrating in 1972 to undertake further study at George Washington University in the US, where he completed an MBA and a DBA. As the son of a shoemaker, George realized the transformative effect education had on his own life. He went on to become a serial entrepreneur and one of the founding fathers of the data analytics industry. The experience of studying abroad catalyzed George's potential. The George Moore Scholars program intends to honor the example of George's trajectory in the selection of George Moore Scholars.
Connect magazine article
George Moore Scholars website
Outstanding Opportunities for Outstanding Students


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GCSE grades warning from Ofqual board member after A-Level crisis
The government's under pressure to delay the release of GCSE results this week - as it tries to fix the crisis over A-level grades. Picture: PA
A member of the advisory group to Ofqual has warned of "another wave" of grades that do not reflect those given by teachers when GCSE results are published on Thursday.
Professor Tina Isaacs, who sits on regulator Ofqual's advisory group, warned that Thursday, when GCSE results are due to be released, could see "another wave" of grades that do not reflect those given by teachers.
She warned the Government and regulator Ofqual need to "claw back" public confidence after A-level results day.
The warning comes as Boris Johnson faces mounting pressure to intervene to end the deepening A-levels crisis in England, amid growing anger among pupils and teachers and warnings of unrest among Tory MPs.
The PM has also faced calls to delay publication of GCSE results, due this week, until the problems with A-levels had been resolved.
"Ofqual's role is to carry out Government policy. And when policy shifts every 12 to 24 hours, Ofqual then has to deal with it as best as it can," she Professor Isaacs said.
"Hence the changes to the appeals process, which now Ofqual has taken off the board so that it can give as much consideration to it as possible given the timeframe.
"The GCSE results are due out on Thursday, so we're going to have another wave of potentially, not marked down, but potentially student grades that do not reflect the grades their teachers gave them."
Shadow education secretary Kate Green said the option of awarding pupils their GCSE results based on teacher-assessed grades should be kept on the table.
Professor Isaacs said: "Right now what's happening is the public is losing confidence in the system."
She said the regulator and the Government needed to do something to get public confidence back.
She said: "And it is up to Ofqual, which I know is working very hard, it's up to Ofqual and especially the Government to try to put in place something that will claw back some of that public confidence.
"I'm afraid it will not be able to claw back all of it."
The Government announced last week that A-level and GCSE students will be able to use results in valid mock exams to appeal if they are unhappy with their results.
But universities, schools, teachers and students have been demanding clarity over how the process will work.
Almost 40 per cent of all A-level grades in England were marked down as a result of the standardisation process, and ministers are now braced for another backlash with GCSE results which are moderated using the same algorithm.


text:
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5 Things Product Teams Get Wrong About the Lean Startup
An honest account on how The Lean Startup is being implemented in practice and why 90% of the Startups still fail
Asaf Atzmon
Jan 14 · 9 min read
Photo by Daria Nepriakhina on Unsplash
In my previous post, I gave a brief overview of The Lean Startup theory of innovation by Eric Ries, and walked through its key concepts. As Ries describes in the introduction part to his book, his motivation to write it came mostly from his observation of the troublesome rate by which startups all around him were failing .
According to him, these are the two key reasons why startups fail:
Planning too much — what Ries calls "the allure of a good plan, a solid strategy, and thorough market research"; in a startup world of extreme uncertainty, this traditional thinking, he argues, will bring companies down.
Going to the other extreme of abandoning traditional "heavyweight" management mindset and adopting instead a "just do it" approach, leading to a chaotic management style that draws the startup into a death spiral.
The Lean Startup then aims to be the sliver-lining of these two approaches, with the aspiration to bring a process and a method to the subtle art of running a startup.
Given the high success and popularity of this book, one would expect to see a steep decline in the failure rate of startups. Not quite so. A quick survey on the Internet shows that we are very far from this goal. According to different sources (like here, here and here) > 90% of startups fails. The exact same rate was reported some 6 years ago too. The #1 reason startups fail (what has also been constant over the last 10 years or so), is a lack of market, or inadequate product-market fit — the very same problem The Lean Startup was looking to solve.
What's at work here? How come following almost a decade of a solid business theory and a set of best-practices, the core pathology that kills startups is still upon us? Might that be some software-based version of "Antennagate"? In other words " is it possible that we are 'holding it wrong'"?
I'd like to suggest this is exactly the case, and that despite its popularly, the key lessons of The Lean Startup have been time and again misunderstood, misused and abused, leading to a stagnant low productivity of growth through innovation. Let us count the ways:
"You're holding it wrong" (source: Apple)
#1 — Don't Sell, Learn
Reid Hoffman has famously said — "If you are not embarrassed by the first version of your product, you've launched too late". It is a controversial statement, but the way I read it is in the understanding that early versions of your products should not be optimized for customer satisfaction but for your own learning.
Ries defines the runway of a startup as the # of pivots it can have before it runs out of cash, but a better measure might be the # of experiments it has, hoping it doesn't actually run out of cash, but transitions at some point into a delivery organization. Either way, startups would do wise to consider the first stage of their lifetime as a learning phase, where the 'versions' of your product are not optimized for customer delivery but for market validation, and given the need to maximize runway, it, by definition, will de-prioritize quality, sleekness, delight and usefulness (unless these properties are in and on themselves part of the learning experience). In that sense, 'embarrassment' is actually not a bug, but a feature.
Early-stage companies must realize they are not in the business of selling, but rather in the business of learning.
What happens in practice however is that right from the start, startups are highly focused on building the product and then doubling down on sales to start booking revenues as quickly as they can. Even those adopting a 'lean' approach, regard product validation as an inherent outcome of their development process. This approach often proves to be futile, because once you confuse the objective of learning with the objective of delivery, you will find yourself optimizing to two different, and often conflicting, target functions at the same time.
Instead, early-stage companies need to realize that before they have a strong grasp on the market-product fit, they are not in the business of selling, but rather in the business of learning.
#2— Stop Confusing Products with Experiments
To recall, the goal of a lean startup is validated learning and the way of reaching that goal is via a set of experiments. Ries claims that 'An Experiment is a Product', but for the first stage of the company, I would actually suggest the reverse of words — 'A Product is an Experiment'.
What I mean by that is that if what you're producing is validated learning, then your entire planning needs to be focused on building experiments for the sole sake of learning, rather than building products for the sake of delivery to customers.
This approach has several non-conventional implications, that are rarely represented in the todays' most startup's processes and organization:
Not all 'outputs' have to be in the form of a software; some of the best learning experiments Ries provides are actually marketing initiatives or UX mockups with no code behind.
Your 'product team' should include people with a diverge set of skills, such that they can cater to the multi-disciplinary nature of your experiments, including members from marketing, design and even psychology. I wrote about it in the past in more details here.
Manage your experiments as part of your product roadmap; at early stages, it might be all what your roadmap is comprised of. As the company matures, that ratio between deliverable features and experiments is likely to become more balanced.
#3 — Just Because You're Agile Doesn't Mean You're Lean
Startups like to consider themselves as agile organizations; they change course quickly, deploy rapidly and respond fast to new situations and customers' requests. These are all indeed key characteristics of a startup, but that doesn't make them lean.
Lean is not about moving fast, but about learning fast; still, many startups fail to internalize the full cycle of the Build-Measure-Learn loop and focus mostly on the build without spending too many thoughts cycles to the objectives of what they build.
If you're heading towards a chasm, you might want to slow down a little.
In his book, Ries often advocates against the "let's ship a product and see what happen", suggesting that if this is your plan, you are 100% guaranteed to succeed in that that you will see what happens. Without a framework of reference, however, this will give very little value. Building things fast, tagging things as 'experimental' as an excuse for low quality, and shipping features with no real feedback loop attached to them may all guarantee you move fast, but they don't assure your'e moving in the right direction.
And honestly, if you're heading towards a chasm, you might want to slow down a little.
#4 — Allow Yourself To Be Wrong
Karl Popper, the famous 20th century science philosopher, has coined the term falsifiability to describe the key criteria that makes a theory be considered as scientific. A theory is falsifiable (and hence scientific) if there exists an experiment that can produce results that will make the theory false. (in other words, a theory is considered true, just as long as it withstands that test).
Ries, who draws much of his approach from the corpse of science, supports the same notion as part of his view on testing a hypothesis. If our experiment cannot produce a result that will refute our hypothesis, how would we even know we're on the right path.
Let's consider a simple example. Suppose we are looking to add to our product a certain option to automate a key of tasks that otherwise require the manual effort of a user. We are thinking to add a checkbox for users to state their preference; however, we are not sure whether that box should be checked by default.
Suppose that we decide to have it checked, and the majority of the users keep it intact, can we know for sure that it is because they are interested in this feature? maybe they just don't care (or maybe didn't even notice it exists). If it's the latter, that would be a poor signal to follow up on and expand the feature. If, on the other hand, the box is unchecked by default, users will explicitly be required to check the box in, proving a clear signal of validation for the feature. Even a better approach might be to force users to make the explicit decision, by popping up a window they have to go through and set their choice. Consider how in both cases, we are driven by soliciting feedback, and not necessarily by optimizing the user experience or doing "what's best" for our product goals.
Contrast that with the conventional thinking that is likely to suggest the box should be checked by default, as we want to encourage users to use our new feature. Such approach may improve our (vanity) metrics, but is more of a manipulation than a validated learning exercise. If you don't allow falsifiability to your design, you can't expect to get a real feedback.
#5 — Knowing When You Reached 'Minimum'
Let us now turn now to the last, and possibly most acute, abused practice of The Lean Startup— the Minimum Viable Product. To recall, Ries defines MVP as "that version of a new product which allows a team to collect the maximum amount of validated learning about customers with the least effort". Sadly, in so many observed cases MVP has taken the shape of "that pretty crappy, but not entirely terrible, implementation that will take the team the least effort to build and will keep the product manager only somewhat frustrated"; in other words, it become synonymous to 'quick and dirty'.
There's a popular drawing by Henrik Kniberg that captures that practice
Source: Henrik Kniberg
While I agree that the upper side of the picture is a fair depiction of a wrong, but common, interpretation of an MVP, I actually in a disagreement with the bottom half too. The idea behind MVP is not the delivery of fully usable high-quality products to customers, through iterations of an expanding scope, as the picture might suggest. Rather, it is about developing the essential product to support our learning experience and nothing else. It doesn't need to be complete, fully usable or of high quality. It mostly need not get in the way of what we're trying to learn. That's the true meaning of 'minimum viable', taking into account the two words that make the equation.
Expanding on our example from before, suppose that the product team contemplate two implementations of the feature:
(1) a single option that set automation as on or off at a system-level.
(2) 5 different sub-options, separated by the type of tasks they act upon, providing together a fine-granular control for the user.
The common application of MVP would likely to be option (1) as it is simpler and will take less time to build. Common, but wrong. If we build the system-level option, and most users choose not to use the feature, how can we tell whether it is because they are not interested , or is it merely because the granularity it provides is too coarse to be usable.
Given that specific hypothesis, option (1) turns out to actually be 'less than the minimum' to be considered viable to our learning objective. Minimum must be defined in the context of what we are aiming to validate; sometime it actually requires more effort than what our intuition may tell us.
Hopefully I managed to put a limelight on some of the key pitfalls startups should avoid; The theory of lean may come across as a straightforward one, but in fact, some of its ideas are more evasive than seems. Paying attention to details is key. Unfortunately, so many startups, including those who speak the lingo, fail to fully internalize the theory to its full impact, resulting in taking the wrong course of action.
Having said that, the common misuse of The Lean Startup is only half of the problem; the other half unfortunately lies within the theory itself. Despite being revolutionary in many ways, it is not without its flaws and shortcoming, In my next post, I will revisit the theory, this time from a more critical point of view.
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Amend end date of panel to 18/2/2016.
Include AUSTRAC as participating agency.
Add Department of Health as a participating agency.
Adding Australian Aged Care Quality Agency as a participating agency.
Add participating agencies to SON.
Add addiotional agency to SON ID.
Additional agency added to SON.
The following agencies may participate in this Standing Offer.


We at Barfoot Contracting are proud of the work we do for our clients in the Grey Bruce and Owen Sound areas, and we're happy to share their feedback with you.
If you'd like to tell us about your experience with Barfoot Contracting, contact us today.
"I am blessed for having met your family and seeing the great work they and your company as a whole does. Thanks so much."
"Incredible sons. Incredible job. I couldn't be more pleased."
"Hi there. I just wanted to thank your crew for being so respectful and careful as they build the house down the lane way. I have two boys. One is almost 4 and the other is almost 2. They love watching the trucks go by. Your crew is so friendly to them (always waving and smiling at them), and they are always extra careful when they drive by our cottage. I just wanted to say thank you and let you know that we really appreciate it!"
"Thank you for your courtesy and the professional manner in which you provided the septic system for our home. Linda, you worked in the front lines and demonstrated patience and the necessary coordination of other contractors to make this installation flow smoothly while answering many of my concerns.
"We know personally why you were so highly recommended by so many people. There is no one else we know that we can trust to do as good a job as you and your team. Your fairness, promptness and clean worksites make it a pleasure to hire your company."
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"Thank you for your work at our cottage. You did an excellent job."
"Thanks for the prompt and professional service."


text:
Empty Sky (LP)
Empty Sky is the debut studio album by British singer-songwriter Elton John, released on 6 June 1969. Recorded during the winter of 1968 and spring of 1969 in a DJM 8-track studio, Empty Sky is the only album in the early part of his career not produced by Gus Dudgeon, instead helmed by friend and DJM staffer Steve Brown.
Elton John plays harpsichord on several tracks, including "Skyline Pigeon", which John has described as being "the first song Bernie and I ever got excited about that we ever wrote." "Skyline Pigeon" is the most popular and best known song on the album, and is the only one which John, albeit infrequently, performs as part of his live shows. Although John has since called the album naive, he does have fond memories of making the record. These include walking home from recording at 4 a.m. and lodging at the Salvation Army HQ in Oxford Street, which was run by Steve Brown's father.
Empty Sky [Remastered 2017]
Val-Hala
Western Ford Gateway
Hymn 2000
Lady What's Tomorrow
The Scaffold
Skyline Pigeon
Medley: Gulliver / Hay Chewed / Reprise


text:
Proposed airline crew restrictions unlikely to be supported
Proposed airline crew restrictions unlikely…
FEDERAL Member for Leichhardt Warren Entsch is confident proposed law changes that would restrict the use of foreign-based cabin crews will be rejected.
Major carriers Jetstar and Qantas have already warned the draft legislation would increase their operating costs and reduce their ability to compete with other airlines, forcing them to withdraw connecting services from Europe and Asia into Cairns and Darwin.
Mr Entsch met with Senator Nick Xenophon today to discuss the consequences of his proposed amendments to the Air Navigation and Civil Aviation Bill on the Far North's economy, particularly tourism.
"I understand Senator Xenophon's argument, particularly in relation to improving conditions and managing crew fatigue, however I express serious concerns about the impacts," he said.
"He appreciated my position and understood my argument against the amendments.
" I made it very clear to him that we can't afford to take the risk of losing Jetstar. Jetstar has been critical to the region's economy and losing their services is something we don't need right now.
"It was a very productive meeting."
Mr Entsch said he understood the proposal had received very little support in Parliament.
"Senator Xenophon had already been advised he would receive no support for the amendments from the Opposition or the Government, only the Greens," he said.
"I expressed my concerns in the Joint Party Room this morning and it was confirmed that the Opposition would not be supporting the amendments. I'm confident the amendments would not receive support in Parliament and that the Far North will be able to breathe a sigh of relief."
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Capture different with HERO5 Session. With its stunning 4K video, one-button simplicity and voice control, HERO5 Session may be the ultimate combination of performance and small size. Liquid-smooth image stabilization, waterproof design and go-anywhere durability help capture life as you live it. And when it's time to edit and share, HERO5 Session can automatically upload footage to your GoPro Plus cloud account, providing easy access on your phone. Then you can use Quik, the GoPro editing app, to automatically create videos that wow. HERO5 Session—your life, from a new perspective.
Stunning 4K video, 10MP photos in Single, Burst, and Time Lapse modes.
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The GoPro Hero5 Session is a great camera for people who love to go outdoors and want to capture every moment of it in crystal clear 4k resolution. I bought this product to record my outdoors adventures wherever I go because of four unique details that makes this GoPro one of the best.
The camera itself is waterproof up to 30ft of water, which means there is no external case needed to take it under water safely. This is the first generation of GoPros that has that waterproof casing already built in and it worked great.
The second capability is the 4k resolution allows you to take some of the clearest videos and pictures imaginable. This also is the first generation of GoPros that captures 4K videos and pictures. You are not only limited to 4K, you can easily change the setting down to different resolutions if needed.
Furthermore, this GoPro connects to your phone and allows you to live stream the video being captured and you can also transport pictures and videos wirelessly to your phone for storage. This helps save space on the SD card and is an easy way to transport the media captured.
The fourth capability is how easy it is to operate the GoPro. There are only two buttons on the GoPro that you use to change settings and start recording. The menus are also set up in a logical and simple order that allows even the amateur users to become experts quickly. This is also the smaller version of the big GoPro but has all the same capabilities so it saves space and is more compact.
I would recommend two things upon purchase of this item, one is the SD card and another is about the many attachments for the GoPro. Unless the SD comes in a certain bundle, you need to buy the SD card separately which can be inconvenient. It is important that you buy an SD MINI. A NORMAL SD CARD WILL NOT FIT. SD MINI is the only card that will fit for this GoPro. Finally, it is cheaper to buy the attachments separately on Amazon because it saves money and you can get many attachments which is one of the great things about this product.
Overall I recommend this product because of the waterproof case, 4K resolution, Bluetooth capabilities and how easy it is to operate. Hope you enjoyed this review and it proved helpful.
5.0 out of 5 starsVery happy I bought this little camera... frustration free experience! - Read my hints if it is your first rodeo.
Vey good camera. Frustration free experience. Just remember to have a phone right at the moment you unbox it to configure. If you have not seen one before and you are buying online without grabbing one on your hands, this is to you: It is small.
It is waterproof, don't be concerned! I dropped on the pool, aquarium and other places... it works... don't be afraid to get it wet!
Here is a hint I believe you will like: Most of the people that get the gopro at the first time get annoyed with the "edging" of the image. That rounded image on the sides like a barrel or fish eye. Ok, I hate that too! So good news: you can fix that on the settings and improve it.
Also, remember this camera uses USB Type-C. It is a new standard cable, not the same 100 android phone standard cables you have at the house. If you lose this cable, bye-bye... you won't charge the camera! So tell your kids: do. not. mess. with. this. cable. Label it because it will mix with the other USB Type Mini-B cables at the house for sure!


text:
Scarlett Moffatt bravely opens up about cancer scare and reveals she may need to have abnormal cells removed
Kate McCusker July 30, 2020 12:50 pm
Scarlett Moffatt urged fans to get regular smear tests, after revealing she may have to get abnormal cells removed following a cervical cancer scare.
Scarlett Moffatt appeared on Lorraine to reveal a cervical cancer scare, as she urged fans not to skip out on regular smear tests.
The Gogglebox star told presenter Christine Lampard that she may have to have abnormal cells removed from her cervix following the discovery.
Doctors found the abnormal cells during a smear test last September, leading Scarlett to need testing every six months.
'If I hadn't went, I don't know what situation I would be in.'@ScarlettMoffatt is urging women to attend their smear tests after her own test showed she had abnormal cells.
Watch in full ➡ https://t.co/vn8NeFi106 pic.twitter.com/a8hFz6H7tv
— Lorraine (@lorraine) July 29, 2020
Opening up to Christine, who is filling in for Lorraine over the summer, Scarlett said, "My journey is that I had abnormal cells, I have to go every six months rather than every three years."
"If they haven't removed themselves by the next appointment, I will have to get them removed. If I hadn't went, I don't know what situation I would have been in."
Scarlett then assured viewers that the consequences of not getting tested are much worse than the test itself. "There's stigma around it being scary, but it's none of that," she said.
Scarlett outlined the things women can do to make a smear test more comfortable.
"A lot of people don't know you can request a woman to do the procedure. You can ask them to insert a smaller object too," she said.
READ MORE: Cancer symptoms: Lesser-known cancer signs you might be missing
"My friends thought it was just to test cervical cancer, but it's to also prevent cancer. You get asked to go when you're 24 and a half, so maybe you haven't had anyone look at that area."
She added, "You don't have to feel embarrassed."
Scarlett also opened up about her own first smear test. "It is just the unknown. I remember not being as scared as one of my friends was a little bit older so told me about it," she said. "But now you can watch videos on YouTube and book a double session if you're really nervous."
Around 3,200 UK women are diagnosed with cervical cancer every year. But symptoms can go undiagnosed because women are missing regular smear tests.
A survey carried out last year by Jo's Cervical Cancer Trust last year found that in some areas of the UK smear test attendance is as low as one in two among young women. The survey of around 2,000 women aged 25-35 also found that a primary reason for these missed smear tests was embarrassment.
Asda to become first supermarket to offer coronavirus vaccine in store
Police issue urgent warning over scary Covid-19 vaccine scam
How did Gregg Wallace lose weight? This is the MasterChef star's diet plan


The 14 pattern scenes of the whole machine can be switched, tripod.
Lighting distance: about 5 meters.
Flashlight use: projection, holiday lighting.
Body material: engineering plastic shell.
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The wave of pitching talent the Rangers believe they have at the lower level of the minor leagues is starting to trickle upwards to Double-A.
On Friday, the Rangers promoted right-handed starter Edgar Arredondo and left-handed reliever from Class A Down East C.D. Pelham to Double-A Frisco. Arredondo is scheduled to start Friday at Corpus Christi of the Houston organization. The Rangers promoted right-hander Johnathan Hernandez from Down East to Frisco earlier this month.
Also, highly-regarded left-hander Joe Palumbo is scheduled to make his return to competition from Tommy John surgery on Sunday for the Arizona Rookie League Rangers. Palumbo had Tommy John surgery in April, 2017.
Arredondo, 21, was 5-2 with a 2.88 ERA at Down East. Before a rough last start on June 12, he had allowed just three runs over 30 innings in his previous five starts. He was signed as an international free agent on July 2, 2013 out of Mexico.
Pelham, 23, was the Rangers selection in the 33rd round of the 2015 draft. He has 11 saves and a 1.95 ERA at Down East this season. Left-handers are batting just .147 against him for the year.
Also Friday, Major League Baseball announced a 72-game suspension for right-hander Yosiel Serrano, a 21-year-old reliever from Cuba, for testing positive for Stanozolol, a steroid. Serrano had not appeared in a game for the Dominican Summer League Rangers this season.


text:
* Fix broken examples.
* Forward declarations.
* Potential GC bugs related to optimizations resulting in local variables
  not having space on the stack. See boehm's GC & others:
  https://github.com/ivmai/bdwgc/
  http://timetobleed.com/the-broken-promises-of-mrireeyarv/
* Use CHIMP\_SUPER(self) to invoke super class slots for e.g. init, dtor, etc.
* Allow (de)serialization of custom types to allow these objects to be sent
  as messages between tasks where safe (e.g. net.socket).
* Interesting note: because closures may capture parts of their execution
  environment & thus dependendent upon the state of the heap, it's
  rarely kosher to send closures to other tasks. (n.b. we can't send any
  kind of method between tasks atm -- perhaps best to keep it that way?)
* Constants/read-only vars: accessible between tasks without message passing.
* Partial application.
  * For a function "foo a, b, c, d" we can partially apply fn arguments with
    syntax like "var f = foo(1, 2, _, 4);", where f is a fn with arity 1.
    Then we can call `f` using "f(3);" to evaluate "foo(1, 2, 3, 4)".
  * The wildcard syntax (`_`) is already used for pattern matching.
* Verify scoping rules using the symtable.
  * Identifiers should not be used/referenced before declared ('var' keyword)
  * Ensure variables in the outer scope are not accessible inside spawn blocks
  * If we can determine a variable has been used without being initialized,
    complain.
  * Scope rules for vars bound during pattern matching? Scoped to inner block?
    Scoped to the function like other declared variables?
  * How should we deal with duplicate declarations? Thinking errors ...
* Implementing OOP (specifically: user classes) properly:
  * (meta: drop user classes for now?)
  * PUSHTHIS opcode.
  * setattr support (useful even if we ditch user classes)
  * chaining methods/constructors (e.g. "super" or "inner" from chimp,
macro from C?) -- we *should* be doing this already.
  * "super" keyword? "inner" keyword?
  * chain existing methods/constructors.
* setitem opcode for hash/array element mutation syntax (arr[1] = 10)
* Line number info for code objects.
* slice syntax for arrays (arr[1:2])
* Error handling. Differentiate between runtime/compile errors & chimp bugs.
* Unit testing API.
  * Don't die during assertions (exceptions? Other method for prematurely
    returning from a test method?)
  * Show stacks on failure
* More tests.
* 'use foo.bar;'
* Less semicolons.
* Revisit the bytecode format.
  - Variable length instructions? 8-bit args are limited (also, 24-bit jumps :()
* The task API is sucky and inconsistent with the rest of the codebase
  (sometimes ChimpTaskInternal, sometimes ChimpTask)
* Bitwise operators.
* Modulo operator.
* In-place operators for integers: +=, -=, /=, \*=, etc.
* Unary operators ++, --
* Array slices.
* File I/O (part of the os module?)
* Sockets
* Expose methods on more classes.
* Rubyish symbols?
* Annotations?
* Module definitions.
* VM stacks are made roots on VM creation, but are not removed from the root
  set at destruction. Either figure out a way to let VMs mark themselves, or
  provide a means of clearing elements from the root set.
* Are we rooting all the core classes correctly?
* Arbitrary precision for ChimpInt.
* ChimpFloat?
* Hash & array literals containing only constants can be optimized at compile time.
* Unicode! (lol)
* Cache bound methods on first access, or at object construction time if
  that makes more sense. Er. Do we even need 'em at all?
  Implicit "self" on call?
* Generational GC one day. Erlang-style GC algorithm switching another.
* Modules, code objects, builtins, etc. (read-only global data) probably
  belongs somewhere other than the 'main' task heap. Alternatively, don't
  bother spinning up a modules hash for non-main tasks.

# Windows
* Bison & Flex are a pain with MSVC under windows. Options: MinGW? Lemon?
* Some CMake quirks under Windows, too.
* Working directory in path for module lookups on startup


Good news for all of you Gremlins fans out there — Chris Columbus has officially signed on to write, direct and produce a screen adaptation of the popular video game Five Nights at Freddy's.
Five Nights at Freddy's — if you've somehow gone this long without ever hearing about it (which I imagine is impossible at this point) — is a light-horror game aimed at tweens that lets players take on the role of a security guard in a Chuck E. Cheese-like restaurant, only to have various animatronic robots come to life and pop out of you. Easy premise and gameplay, yes, but it was able to gain a huge following through it's simplicity and atmosphere.
Blumhouse — the studio behind some of the better horror movies in the past decade, like Get Out, Insidious, Sinister and Split — picked up the movie rights last March, only after producer Jason Blum won the good favor of the game's creator, Scott Cawthon. Prior to Blumhouse, New Line sat on the rights for a couple of years, having had Monster House and Poltergeist (2015) Gil Kenan attached.
Now, they've announced Columbus has been brought on to the project — which is actually great news. Yes, he's had a couple of misses in later years — his Percy Jackson movie wasn't amazing, and there's no overlooking 2015's Pixels (although the blame on that one should definitely fall on Adam Sandler and company).
But Columbus has a long history of creepy and fun movies that are aimed at a similar Five Nights at Freddy's audience — like Gremlins, Home Alone, the first two Harry Potter movies. He's also helped write The Goonies and executive produce The Witch.
All of this to say that Columbus is more than qualified to take on Freddy's, and this might just be the film that puts him back in goodwill with all of Hollywood.
No release date for Five Nights at Freddy's has been announced yet. Let us know, in the comments below, do you think Chris Columbus is the right choice for this property? (Hint: he is). Who would you have chosen instead?


KawaiiPunk - Kawaii Mascot Blog: Grumpy Garden Gift!
It's a paper flower I created using your chronically grumpy face for petals. I thought it would be a good idea to create something for you, as I'm pretty sure you won't be getting any Valentine gifts whatsoever on February 14th - on account of you being so miserable and all that! I also don't expect you to thank me for this gesture, although I would be interested in hearing you thoughts on the whole topic of Valentine's Day.
Hmmm… what are my thoughts on Valentine's Day? Here's a clue for you Blanche… I'M THE GRUMPY MASCOT! What do you think my thoughts on Valentine's Day are?


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Home » Steve Jobs' Tech Predictions That Came True
Steve Jobs' Tech Predictions That Came True
In the 1980s and 1990s, Steve Jobs predicted virtual assistants like Siri and e-commerce giants like Amazon long before these services existed. His biggest prediction of all was that the Web would be ubiquity and everyone would have ability to connect at any time online.
Anne Sandburg August 21, 2019 No Comments 0 views 1 like
In addition to one of the leading roles in the technical product revolution, Jobs was recognized for his ability to predict the future. One of his favorite sayings is: "The best way to predict the future is to invent it."
However, looking back, many of Jobs' predictions hit the bull's eye.
"We will all be connected through the computer"
In the same interview, Jobs explained that the most mesmerizing reason why people would buy computers for private use was they were "connected to a worldwide communications network."
His prediction came four years before Tim Berners-Lee lead the development of the World Wide Web, and five years before the first web page became available for public inspection.
"It's much faster to do all kinds of functions, such as cutting and pasting, with a mouse"
Before Jobs released the Lisa computer in 1983, most personal computers required all instructions to be entered through the keyboard. When Jobs presented his mouse he made all these commands visually simple even for those who barely know how to use a computer.
Today, a computer mouse is something that we all take for granted, it now becomes a kind of quirk due to advances in touch-screen technology, popular on mobile phones and tablets from Apple and other companies.
"We'll be using computers at home, for fun"
In 1985, Steve Jobs told Playboy that the use of personal computers would expand. At that time, computers were mostly used only in companies, schools, and by several innovators who started their business at home.
In 1984, only 8% of American households owned computers, according to the US Census Bureau. By 2015, this figure reached 79%.
As Jobs predicted, today, computers are a source of relaxation for millions of people, whether watching movies or television, video games, or chatting with friends.
"There will be web dial tone everywhere"
In an extensive interview with Wired in 1996, Jobs predicted that the Internet would be received and used by consumers around the globe.
Jobs was able to accurately predict the ubiquity of the Internet. As of April 2019, approximately 4.4 billion people worldwide use the Internet. This is approximately 56% of the world's population, and 81% of the adult population.
"You may not have to manage your own storage"
Jobs emphasized the need to provide consumers with ways to distribute storage long before we all started storing photos, videos and data in Apple's Cloud or on Google Drive. Here is what he told Wired magazine in 1996:
"[Managing storage is] a very big thing in a desktop world. And that may go away. You may not have to manage your own storage. You may not store much before too long."
He added: "I don't store anything anymore, really. I use a lot of email and the web, and with both of those I don't have to ever manage storage. As a matter of fact, my favorite way of reminding myself to do something is to send myself email. That's my storage."
Apple's strategy is to "put an incredibly great computer in a book"
In 1983, most personal computers were huge, heavy boxes in workshops and laboratories. However, in his speech at the International Design Conference in Aspen, Jobs predicted that computers would become more mobile.
He talks about "an incredibly great computer in a book that you can carry around with you that you that you can learn in five minutes."
In his interview for Newsweek's Access, he added: "I've always thought it would be really wonderful to have a little box, a sort of slate that you could carry along with you."
All this sounds like a description of a tablet, Kindle or smartphone that fits in your pocket.
"It will be as if there's a little person inside that box who starts to anticipate what you want"
In the same interview for Newsweek, Jobs described computers as "agents" storing our information, learning our interests, interacting with us, and learning to anticipate our every need, becoming what Jobs called "a little friend inside this box."
Today Alexa and Siri became indispensable digital assistants for millions of people.
"People are going to stop going to a lot of stores. And they're going to buy stuff over the web"
In 1995, at the Computerworld Information Technology Awards Foundation, Jobs highlighted the tremendous impact of the Internet that commerce would soon experience. He foresaw how the web would allow small startups to reduce expenses on distribution and compete with larger corporations by trading directly with customers.
Today, millions of companies trade on the Internet, from tiny specialized vendors to giants like Amazon.
Jobs also predicted the price of not getting on board with e-commerce.
He told Wired magazine in 1996: "People are going to stop going to a lot of stores. And they're going to buy stuff over the web. Large companies not paying attention to change will get hurt."
Now we see Walmart closing its stores while Amazon continues to make billions of dollars in online sales, Walmart can't say they weren't warned.
"You'd get one of these things when you were 10 years old"
In an interview with Newsweek's Access, Jobs said: "You'd get one of these things maybe when you were 10 years old, and somehow you'd turn it on and it would say, you know, 'Where am I?' And you'd somehow tell it you were in California."
An Influence Central study reports that the average age at which an American child receives his / here first cellphone is 10.3 today.
"People will get more information than they can assimilate"
In 1996, when consumers were still experimenting with sending and receiving their first emails, it seemed inconceivable that we would be juggling more information than we could handle, despite Steve Jobs's warnings about information overload, delivered in his Wired magazine interview in 1996.
Cut to 2019, and the average American now checks their phone 52 times a day, according to a consumer survey conducted by Deloitte.
However, not all of Jobs predictions came true.
In 1983, he said: "I believe that we are waiting for a lot of innovations in the world of software, and not in the field of hardware"
When Jobs talked to Playboy in 1983, IBM was the biggest Apple's competitor in computer manufacturing.
Therefore, in those days, his words did not seem so far from the truth: "I don't think there are going to be a lot of third- and fourth-place companies, much less sixth- or seventh-place companies. Most of the new, innovative companies are focusing on the software. I think there will be lots of innovation in the areas of software but not in hardware."
In fact, Microsoft soon pulled ahead, seizing the market with such an iron grip that the US government had to investigate its anti-competitive behavior.
Today, three companies — Microsoft, Google, and Apple — are the key software manufacturers, while the battle for hardware supremacy is between Samsung, Dell, HP, Acer, and other companies. Here, Jobs was wrong.
He was also wrong when he said, 'Is the web going to be a life-changing event for millions of people? No.'
Perhaps Jobs just showed modesty when he told Wired in 1996:
"The web is going to be very important. Is it going to be a life-changing event for millions of people? No. I mean, maybe. But it's not an assured yes at this point. And it'll probably creep up on people.
"It's certainly not going to be like the first time somebody saw a television. It's certainly not going to be as profound as when someone in Nebraska first heard a radio broadcast. It's not going to be that profound."
Given how many people today use the Internet on a daily basis for their business needs, social interaction, entertainment, knowledge and for news, it seems that Jobs was completely wrong in this prediction.
Tags: predictions, Steve Jobs, Technologies
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