text:
Duplex ultrasound scanning in the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis: A prospective evaluation
David C. Taylor, Mark D. Kettler, Gregory L. Moneta, Ted R. Kohler, Andris Kazmers, Kirk W. Beach, D. Eugene Strandness
Since ultrasonic energy can be used to interrogate vessels at great depth, it is only natural that it should be applied to deeply placed arteries in the abdomen. Early studies suggested that high-grade stenoses of the renal artery could be detected by this approach as long as the peak systolic velocity in the renal artery was normalized by that measured in the abdominal aorta. A retrospective study comparing the peak velocity in the renal artery to that from the adjacent abdominal aorta (the renal aortic ratio) showed that if this value exceeded 3.5, it is likely to be associated with a greater than 60% diameter-reducing stenosis. To test this hypothesis, we used duplex scanning to prospectively evaluate 58 renal arteries in 29 patients in whom arteriograms were available. There were 39 renal arteries with 0% to 59% stenosis, 14 with 60% to 99% stenosis, and five occlusions by angiography. Renal duplex scanning accurately diagnosed 38 of 39, 11 of 14, and four of five of these, respectively, giving a sensitivity of 84%, a specificity of 97%, and a positive predictive value of 94% for the detection of a greater than 60% diameter-reducing stenosis. The overall agreement with angiography was 93%. These data show that renal duplex scanning can be used to diagnose renal artery stenosis in patients with hypertension or renal dysfunction, thus providing a rational basis for the selection of patients for angiography.
Journal of vascular surgery
Dive into the research topics of 'Duplex ultrasound scanning in the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis: A prospective evaluation'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Renal Artery Obstruction Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Pathologic Constriction Medicine & Life Sciences 63%
Abdominal Aorta Medicine & Life Sciences 44%
Kidney Medicine & Life Sciences 31%
Renal Hypertension Medicine & Life Sciences 24%
Ultrasonics Medicine & Life Sciences 20%
Taylor, D. C., Kettler, M. D., Moneta, G. L., Kohler, T. R., Kazmers, A., Beach, K. W., & Eugene Strandness, D. (1988). Duplex ultrasound scanning in the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis: A prospective evaluation. Journal of vascular surgery, 7(2), 363-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/0741-5214(88)90156-5
Duplex ultrasound scanning in the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis : A prospective evaluation. / Taylor, David C.; Kettler, Mark D.; Moneta, Gregory L.; Kohler, Ted R.; Kazmers, Andris; Beach, Kirk W.; Eugene Strandness, D.
In: Journal of vascular surgery, Vol. 7, No. 2, 02.1988, p. 363-369.
Taylor, DC, Kettler, MD, Moneta, GL, Kohler, TR, Kazmers, A, Beach, KW & Eugene Strandness, D 1988, 'Duplex ultrasound scanning in the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis: A prospective evaluation', Journal of vascular surgery, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 363-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/0741-5214(88)90156-5
Taylor DC, Kettler MD, Moneta GL, Kohler TR, Kazmers A, Beach KW et al. Duplex ultrasound scanning in the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis: A prospective evaluation. Journal of vascular surgery. 1988 Feb;7(2):363-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/0741-5214(88)90156-5
Taylor, David C. ; Kettler, Mark D. ; Moneta, Gregory L. ; Kohler, Ted R. ; Kazmers, Andris ; Beach, Kirk W. ; Eugene Strandness, D. / Duplex ultrasound scanning in the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis : A prospective evaluation. In: Journal of vascular surgery. 1988 ; Vol. 7, No. 2. pp. 363-369.
@article{ffa1c2fa9d4d47378add0b21fc8f2cd5,
title = "Duplex ultrasound scanning in the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis: A prospective evaluation",
abstract = "Since ultrasonic energy can be used to interrogate vessels at great depth, it is only natural that it should be applied to deeply placed arteries in the abdomen. Early studies suggested that high-grade stenoses of the renal artery could be detected by this approach as long as the peak systolic velocity in the renal artery was normalized by that measured in the abdominal aorta. A retrospective study comparing the peak velocity in the renal artery to that from the adjacent abdominal aorta (the renal aortic ratio) showed that if this value exceeded 3.5, it is likely to be associated with a greater than 60% diameter-reducing stenosis. To test this hypothesis, we used duplex scanning to prospectively evaluate 58 renal arteries in 29 patients in whom arteriograms were available. There were 39 renal arteries with 0% to 59% stenosis, 14 with 60% to 99% stenosis, and five occlusions by angiography. Renal duplex scanning accurately diagnosed 38 of 39, 11 of 14, and four of five of these, respectively, giving a sensitivity of 84%, a specificity of 97%, and a positive predictive value of 94% for the detection of a greater than 60% diameter-reducing stenosis. The overall agreement with angiography was 93%. These data show that renal duplex scanning can be used to diagnose renal artery stenosis in patients with hypertension or renal dysfunction, thus providing a rational basis for the selection of patients for angiography.",
author = "Taylor, {David C.} and Kettler, {Mark D.} and Moneta, {Gregory L.} and Kohler, {Ted R.} and Andris Kazmers and Beach, {Kirk W.} and {Eugene Strandness}, D.",
journal = "Journal of Vascular Surgery",
T1 - Duplex ultrasound scanning in the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis
T2 - A prospective evaluation
AU - Taylor, David C.
AU - Kettler, Mark D.
AU - Moneta, Gregory L.
AU - Kohler, Ted R.
AU - Kazmers, Andris
AU - Beach, Kirk W.
AU - Eugene Strandness, D.
N2 - Since ultrasonic energy can be used to interrogate vessels at great depth, it is only natural that it should be applied to deeply placed arteries in the abdomen. Early studies suggested that high-grade stenoses of the renal artery could be detected by this approach as long as the peak systolic velocity in the renal artery was normalized by that measured in the abdominal aorta. A retrospective study comparing the peak velocity in the renal artery to that from the adjacent abdominal aorta (the renal aortic ratio) showed that if this value exceeded 3.5, it is likely to be associated with a greater than 60% diameter-reducing stenosis. To test this hypothesis, we used duplex scanning to prospectively evaluate 58 renal arteries in 29 patients in whom arteriograms were available. There were 39 renal arteries with 0% to 59% stenosis, 14 with 60% to 99% stenosis, and five occlusions by angiography. Renal duplex scanning accurately diagnosed 38 of 39, 11 of 14, and four of five of these, respectively, giving a sensitivity of 84%, a specificity of 97%, and a positive predictive value of 94% for the detection of a greater than 60% diameter-reducing stenosis. The overall agreement with angiography was 93%. These data show that renal duplex scanning can be used to diagnose renal artery stenosis in patients with hypertension or renal dysfunction, thus providing a rational basis for the selection of patients for angiography.
AB - Since ultrasonic energy can be used to interrogate vessels at great depth, it is only natural that it should be applied to deeply placed arteries in the abdomen. Early studies suggested that high-grade stenoses of the renal artery could be detected by this approach as long as the peak systolic velocity in the renal artery was normalized by that measured in the abdominal aorta. A retrospective study comparing the peak velocity in the renal artery to that from the adjacent abdominal aorta (the renal aortic ratio) showed that if this value exceeded 3.5, it is likely to be associated with a greater than 60% diameter-reducing stenosis. To test this hypothesis, we used duplex scanning to prospectively evaluate 58 renal arteries in 29 patients in whom arteriograms were available. There were 39 renal arteries with 0% to 59% stenosis, 14 with 60% to 99% stenosis, and five occlusions by angiography. Renal duplex scanning accurately diagnosed 38 of 39, 11 of 14, and four of five of these, respectively, giving a sensitivity of 84%, a specificity of 97%, and a positive predictive value of 94% for the detection of a greater than 60% diameter-reducing stenosis. The overall agreement with angiography was 93%. These data show that renal duplex scanning can be used to diagnose renal artery stenosis in patients with hypertension or renal dysfunction, thus providing a rational basis for the selection of patients for angiography.
JO - Journal of Vascular Surgery
JF - Journal of Vascular Surgery


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Newly appointed Supreme Judicial Court Justice Elspeth Cypher '80, talked to Emerson students about her time at the College, the challenges of law school, and about the importance of facts in communications and in life.
Cypher spoke at the Emerson Visitors Center on Thursday, March 23, in a conversation moderated by Spencer Kimball, senior scholar-in-residence in Communication Studies, and Assistant Professor of Journalism Michael Brown.
While answering a question about expanding the curriculum of Communication Studies, Cypher said that it should go on to stress the indelibility of facts.
"We have to agree there are facts, there are no 'alternative facts' in the world," Cypher said, referring to presidential advisor Kellyanne Conway's infamous defense of the administration's false inauguration numbers claims. "We have to be in agreement of the rules and that we are all playing by the same rules. We have to have respect for all the players in all branches [of the government] and make sure that we understand each other," she said.
Cypher, a communication studies major at Emerson who later earned her J.D. from Suffolk University School of Law, said being back at Emerson reminded her of her time at the school.
Her degree from Emerson and the skills she acquired here, she believes, helped her greatly in her career.
She also spoke about the challenges of being in law school.
"What is challenging is that a ball of material is thrown at you in an intense competitive environment, and you have to be able to not focus on the competition and not be unnerved by it. You have to focus on learning," she said.
Kimball, who facilitated the discussion, said that this was a great opportunity for his students to speak in front of an SJC Justice.
Cypher was nominated to the state's highest court by Gov. Charlie Baker and Lt. Gov. Karyn Polito on February 8, and confirmed by a unanimous vote of the Governor's Council on March 8. She will be sworn in on April 3.
Cypher was appointed to the Massachusetts Appeals Court in 2000; prior to that, she was chief of the appellate division of the Bristol County District Attorney's Office.


text:
Q: How to choose good tags for a site I wonder how to choose good tags on a new Stack Exchange site.
On the one hand, this is very much a community thing: askers should tag their questions with the tags they'd expect to see if they were searching for the question.
On the other hand, tags classify, which is hard to do if you don't have a good idea of the whole picture. So it's up to more experienced people to pick good tags. Also, having a small group pick tags helps reduce the number of near-synonyms that can't be sorted out automatically.
On the gripping hand, that sometimes leads to tag names that many askers or searchers simply don't understand or think of.
I wonder what people's experience is on the various SE 2.0 betas (or from the early days of the trilogy sites). How do you come up with good tags (beyond the obvious like programming language names on SO)? Do you create very specific tags early on wait until later to split large, imprecise tags? Are tags mostly chosen by a small experienced group (so you get better consistency) or by the wider community (so tags may reflect people's expectations better)? Any tips for burgeoning SE 2.0 sites?
I've done a lot of tagging on Unix, some on SF&F, and I still don't really have an answer to offer. Any advice? please?

A: I've been doing a lot of retagging on UX lately. I don't claim to have any expertise* on the matter, but here are some thoughts:

*

*Coming up with good tags isn't hard, since lots of people participate in that process. The majority of tags are introduced by someone asking a question.

*The most popular tags will tend to be "meta tags" that are too general to be useful.  Lately, we've been eradicating the meta tags from our site, which has left us with a bunch of untagged questions.

*We probably waited a bit too long to start killing meta tags. Retagging hasn't been hard, since we now have a long list of useful tags from which to choose. I think you should identify and ban meta tags once replacing them with existing (non-meta) tags becomes easy.

*I rarely create a new tag myself. I won't do it unless I can match it with at least three questions.
* Although along with English, UX is one of the best places to find true experts.

A: So I'm going to ramble about my experience with tags on two sites so far. TL,DR: yeah, probably.
First, I see two and a half uses for tags:

*

*People who're interested in answering (or more generally seeing questions) about certain topics can ignore or favorite certain tags.

*People who're searching for something can narrow their search.

*Tag wikis (but do people actually read them)?

Unix & Linux
Most tags are names of applications or technologies. They're what people naturally use when they want help on a particular technology, which is what most questions are about. A question about using KDE? tag it kde. Some of these tags have lots of questions (for example linux is the biggest tag by far), others have very few (sco isn't exactly popular), but it's pretty clear that these are desirable tags. There's the occasional name coincidence hurdle (e.g. is ports about TCP or BSD?) but nothing we can't easily solve on a case by case basis.
Then there are topic tags, such as security or networking. Those have mostly arisen naturally as well. They're what people tend to use when they want to do something but don't know what the right tool is. I'm still sometimes undecided as to how precise to go; for example networking is pretty wide, and I'm still undecided as to whether it should be used when more specific tags apply (firewall, ethernet, …).
Sometimes the distinction between tags is subtle. For example, what's the difference between shell, command-line and terminal? Beginners will often use shell and terminal indiscriminately, but at the level of U&L, we do want to make the difference (shell is our second-biggest tag, and bash (a kind of shell) is close behind). Since the difference useful but subtle, we don't expect askers to always get it right. In general, though, I don't know where to stop caring about differences that are only apparent to experts (should x11 be separate from xorg? packaging from package-management?).
Hyphenated tags — tags about a frequent combination of two distinct concepts — arise rarely, but in high-profile topics. Should Linux kernel questions be tagged linux-kernel or linux kernel? (we settled on two tags). Should shell scripting questions have their own shell-script tag, or do we combine shell and scripting (you can shell without a script and script without a shell, so they're not synonyms in any way)? we haven't been able to make up our mind.
Meta-tags haven't been a problem. There are borderline cases, like software-rec, which characterizes the nature of a question rather than its topic (but I find it useful: it marks the nature of a question succinctly in search results or in a feed). And each site seems doomed to have its own debate about homework. But no major issue there.
All in all, tagging for Unix seems to have worked reasonably well, with just a few hurdles.
Science Fiction & Fantasy
Most questions are about a specific work, author or universe. And most of these questions have just one tag: the name of the work/author/universe. Sometimes with variants such as lotr j-r-r-tolkien. We're still undecided as to whether that's generally useful: after all, the name should be in the body and so the question will turn up in searches anyway. For popular works, and especially universes spanning multiple works, these tags are useful (a star-wars question might only contain the name of one of the movies in the series, and that's a tag fans subscribe to). But at the other end of the spectrum, who's going to subscribe to <obscure author name>?
These names tend to lead to near-synonyms that aren't actually synonyms. Discworld is Terry Pratchett's best-known work,
so I expect most questions about him will be tagged discworld. Does that mean terry-pratchett should be used on all Discworld questions? or only on non-Discworld questions? We haven't yet had enough volume in a tag to need to decide.
We've just started to encourage topic tags. If your question is about spaceships in Star Trek, tag it star-trek spaceship. I hope it'll catch on. That would leave only questions about specific plot points or characters tagged solely with a work or author name.
It's been suggested to use subgenres as tag names — similar to English Language & Usage's broad tags (word-choice, verbs, …), I suppose. We practically haven't been doing that. I think the reason is that subgenre classification is awfully vague and subjective. Can tags still work if people don't agree on what they cover? Are subgenre names meta-tags for us?
Or is the proper analogy with EL&U to use tags like character, plot and setting? While these are objective, I don't see what value they bring to our site. Is it really useful to quickly sort between Harry Potter character questions and Harry Potter setting questions?
We have a couple of meta tags. The ones that remain are list and recommendation, both marking types of questions that have been rules off-topic and are all closed (and that we might delete en masse at some point).
I don't feel we've settled on good tagging practices for SF&F.
Conclusion
I find it interesting that Patrick McElhaney's experience on UX is pretty different from mine, and mine is different on U&L and on SF&F. My impression so far is that different communities face different problems when choosing tags. So, can you, gentle reader, find common patterns and come forth with good advice?

A: My guidelines are simple.

*

*No meta-tags.

*Each tag must potentially work as the only tag on a question, if necessary. If it cannot, it is a bad tag.

*Each tag must have a clear, unambiguous definition within the context of that community, plus or minus 10 percent. If a reasonable group of community members can't agree on what the tag means, it is a bad tag.

*Tags should be a meaningful categorization of content. If you cannot imagine another human being ever wanting to browse in or subscribe to that tag ... it is a bad tag.

*We do not support tag hierarchies. If you are attempting to ghetto-hack hierarchy into our engine with your tag, it is a bad tag.

*Tags are for categorization of broad topics, not minutiae. If your tag is duplicating the work someone could do with a trivial search or tag + search, it is a bad tag.

A: I've been thinking about this recently and wondering if perhaps the role Area 51 has to play in the "definition" phase might be able to help with this.
Perhaps when questions are proposed as a "great on-topic example", and "great off-topic example" Area 51 could request tag suggestions for said question? This would then feed into the site if and when it reaches the Private Beta. Good tags could be pre-populated, to help build-out the tag set and provide a starting point for people to work from. Bad tags could be "soft-blocked" so if a question is tagged with one during the private beta, the system flags up that this was considered to be a bad tag and therefore recommends against using it.
Area 51 provides a great way to try and define the initial scope/feel of the site, and this would be a fairly simple (says the person who wouldn't have to code the changes! =) way of helping guide a sites taxonomy from an earlier stage.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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THERE was none of the usual slamming of the inept coach that one would normally see in the aftermath of a disastrous football campaign. Neither was there much of the blame game among players which one would expect to see the morning after a debacle that saw Singapore's SEA Games football hopes end in the group stage.
Instead, in the aftermath of the team's surprise exit and the shock resignation of national Under-23 coach Aide Iskandar on Thursday night, fingers point to an implosion from within the Football Association of Singapore (FAS), caused by infighting among coaching staff and a lack of clarity on key objectives.
While player injuries and wrong tactics ultimately contributed to the team's failure, it was problems from within, or as Aide hinted on Thursday, "a lot of challenges", that precipitated the Young Lions' demise.
Players and backroom staff The Straits Times spoke to talked about how the constant changing of coaches created an unsettling atmosphere within the side.
The bulk of the players had trained under fitness coach Aleksandar Bozenko in the build-up to the Games last year, only to face a new trainer late last year in Juergen Raab.
The replacement was then replaced when former national player Kadir Yahaya was roped in to help get the team fighting fit just months before the Games.
Said a senior player who declined to be named: "We found it puzzling that although a bronze medal (at the 2013 Games) was won with one trainer and we were working well with him, another was brought in.
"Then, yet another came in."
Sources said that Aide had preferred Bozenko but was forced to work with Raab.
The coaching merry-go-round continued right up to one month before the Games when goalkeeper coach John Burridge, who had worked with the goalkeepers in the build-up to the tournament, did not actually feature when the Games started.
Insiders in the team said that the Englishman had asked to be excused to work with the senior squad for the World Cup qualifiers, forcing the SEA Games outfit to scramble for a last-minute replacement.
Added a source close to the team: "It was strange that a coach could be allowed to leave so soon before a tournament. Perhaps what could have been made clear was which tournament was the main priority."
The blurred lines also meant players were not clear about what their key objectives were for the year - the SEA Games team or the LionsXII.
Despite the FAS publicly announcing that the SEA Games had top priority, key attackers Sahil Suhaimi and Faris Ramli were released for LionsXII duty in the build-up to the Games, dealing a blow to Aide's final preparations.
Both Sahil and Faris scored in the Malaysian FA Cup win, but failed to show such form during the SEA Games.
"The SEA Games team should have taken top priority as we believe the talent, if harnessed properly, was there to get the gold," said a Young Lions official.
"The FA Cup win was good for Singapore football but certain players came back to us with inflated egos, which made them harder to coach."
The lack of clarity also surfaced just before the tournament, when attacker Iqbal Hussain was dropped on the eve of the event for disciplinary reasons, only to be called up by national team coach Bernd Stange for the World Cup qualifiers.
The move infuriated the Young Lions squad, who felt the German was undermining Aide and creating unnecessary drama at a crucial time. The reserve players on the SEA Games team were also unsettled, wondering if perhaps it would have been better for them to have been excluded from Aide's team so they could also feature in the senior side.
Said an insider: "The team lost the bench after that. Players weren't convinced that being in the SEA Games squad was the best move for them."
The off-field problems, in turn, led to problems on it.
Whether he was fickle or forced to do so because of injuries, Aide switched between route-one football and short but not always decisive passing - often in the same match.
"We were playing long balls to a 1.7m striker (Sahil) - Aide always had a game plan but sometimes, it didn't make sense," said a player who declined to be named.
Another added: "When we did have a big guy (1.87m-tall Irfan Fandi) up front, the crosses were not in sync with his runs."
Despite overseas trips to Turkey, Austria and Japan and their public avowal of overall unity, there were divisions within the squad. Since coming together two years ago, tensions have existed between the "veterans" with international caps and the younger players.
"Some senior guys knew they were undroppable so they didn't bother to train hard, eat well or follow the rules," said one player.
The team did not have luck with injuries either. Key midfielder Shahfiq Ghani, instrumental in the build-up to the Games as the team beat Laos 5-1 and Timor Leste 2-0, missed the whole tournament with injury. For Thursday's must-win against Indonesia, Faris and striker Irfan were only half-fit.
But as Aide continues to bear the brunt of criticism from a disappointed public dreaming of an elusive football gold, defender Amirul Adli best summed up the team's feelings.
He said: "Why blame the coach? He had his own issues to deal with behind the scenes.
"The players just didn't perform to their standards."


text:
Q: Edit texts not working properly android Hi I am trying to do a list view with edit text where the user can enter the numbers he wants however my code keeps jumping between editboxes after I add the first character is there a way to stop that? I have tried removing get focus and removing the addTextWatcher. However when I delete the addtextwatcher non of the text is recorded. Please let me know if you need more info since im kind of new to this android life. here is my code for the adapter:
public CreateWKOAdapter(Context context, ArrayList items, ListView listview)
    {
        inflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
        this.mContext = context;
        this.items = items;
        this.listview = listview;
    }
@Override
public int getCount()
{
    return items.size();
}

@Override
public CreateWKOItem getItem(int position)
{
    return items.get(position);
}

@Override
public long getItemId(int position)
{
    return position;
}

@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent)
{
    ViewHolder holder = null;
    if (convertView == null)
    {
        holder = new ViewHolder();

        convertView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.create_wko_layout_item, null);
        holder.name_text_view = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.text_name);
        holder.header = convertView.findViewById(R.id.relativeLayout1);
        holder.input = convertView.findViewById(R.id.oclick_layout);
        holder.image_view = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.foto_createwko);
        holder.sets_edit_text = (CustomEditText) convertView.findViewById(R.id.sets_edit_text);
        holder.reps_edit_text = (CustomEditText) convertView.findViewById(R.id.rep_edit_text);
        holder.checkbox = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.image_chk);

        holder.header.setTag(holder.input);

        convertView.setTag(holder);
    }
    else
    {
        holder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();

    }

    if (visibleindex == position)
    {
        holder.input.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
        if(holder.sets_edit_text != null)
        {
            final EditText clone = holder.sets_edit_text;
            holder.sets_edit_text.postDelayed(new Runnable()
            {
                @Override
                public void run()
                {
                    clone.requestFocus();
                    Log.i("su", "Request focus");
                }
            }, 300);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        holder.input.setVisibility(View.GONE);
    }

    CreateWKOItem item = getItem(position);

    if(item.isShouldShowCheckBox())
    {
        holder.checkbox.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
    }
    else
    {
        holder.checkbox.setVisibility(View.GONE);
    }
    String image_drawable_str = item.getName().toLowerCase().replace(" ", "_");
    Drawable drawable = getImageFromDrawableByString(image_drawable_str);
    if (drawable != null)
    {
        holder.image_view.setImageDrawable(drawable);
    }
    else
    {
        holder.image_view.setImageResource(R.drawable.bg_count);
    }

    holder.sets_edit_text.removeTextWatcher();
    holder.reps_edit_text.removeTextWatcher();

    holder.name_text_view.setText(item.getName());
    holder.sets_edit_text.setHint("" + item.getSets());
    holder.reps_edit_text.setHint("" + item.getReps());

    holder.header.setTag(holder.input);
    holder.header.setTag(R.id.tag_id, position);
    holder.header.setTag(R.id.view_id, holder.reps_edit_text);

    holder.sets_edit_text.setTag(item);
    holder.reps_edit_text.setTag(item);

    holder.sets_edit_text.addTextWatcher();
    holder.reps_edit_text.addTextWatcher();

    holder.header.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener()
    {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v)
        {
            final EditText editText = (EditText) v.getTag(R.id.view_id);

            final int a = (int) v.getTag(R.id.tag_id);
            visibleindex = a;

            View input = (View) v.getTag();
            if (input.getVisibility() == View.VISIBLE)
            {
                input.setVisibility(View.GONE);
                visibleindex = -1;
            }
            else
            {
                //input.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);

            }
            notifyDataSetChanged();

        }
    });

    holder.sets_edit_text.setiOnTextChanged(new CustomEditText.IOnTextChanged()
    {
        @Override
        public void onTextChanged(View v, String newText)
        {
            CreateWKOItem it = (CreateWKOItem) v.getTag();
            int value = 0;
            try
            {
                String str = newText.toString();
                Log.i("su", "Sets text change to: " + str);
                if (str.length() > 0)
                    value = Integer.parseInt(str);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                ex.printStackTrace();
            }
            if (it != null)
            {
                it.setSets(value);
                Log.i("su", "Current item set sets to: " + value);
            }
            notifyDataSetChanged();
        }
    });

    holder.reps_edit_text.setiOnTextChanged(new CustomEditText.IOnTextChanged()
    {
        @Override
        public void onTextChanged(View v, String newText)
        {
            CreateWKOItem it = (CreateWKOItem) v.getTag();
            int value = 0;
            try
            {
                String str = newText.toString();
                Log.i("su", "Reps text change to: " + str);
                if (str.length() > 0)
                    value = Integer.parseInt(str);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                ex.printStackTrace();
            }
            if (it != null)
            {
                it.setReps(value);
                Log.i("su", "Current item set reps to: " + value);
            }
            notifyDataSetChanged();
        }
    });
    return convertView;

}

Thanks

A: Easy solution: keep your TextBox listener, and leave the brackets empty. Maybe it's Android? You could be looking at a bug.

A: What I had to do is to comment out the notifyDataSetChanged(); but only on the set reps.


Christian Meditation with Children as recommended by WCCM.
Christian Meditation has so far been adopted by hundreds of schools in more..
The first Meditatio Journal includes the presentations and discussions held..
Meditation with children is a significant outreach of WCCM. S..
A Cd which enables primary school teachers to run Christian Meditation sess..


text:
layout: post
title:  "User namespace"
date:   2017-11-18 17:01:01 +0800
categories: linux
---

User namespace

## Overview
(This flag first became meaningful for clone() in Linux 2.6.23, the current clone() semantics were merged in Linux 3.5, and the final pieces to make the user namespaces completely usable were merged in Linux 3.8.)

If CLONE_NEWUSER is set, then create the process in a new user namespace.  If this flag is not set, then (as with fork(2)) the process is created in the same user namespace as the calling process.

Before Linux 3.8, use of CLONE_NEWUSER required that the caller have three capabilities: CAP_SYS_ADMIN, CAP_SETUID, and CAP_SETGID.  Starting with Linux 3.8, no privileges are needed to create a user namespace.

This flag can't be specified in conjunction with CLONE_THREAD or CLONE_PARENT.  For security reasons, CLONE_NEWUSER cannot be specified in conjunction with CLONE_FS.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


astronauts can now do away with oxygen cylinders. Scientists at the agency of industrial science and technology's National Institute for Resources and Environment have developed a battery that generates not only electricity but also oxygen. And the thing that makes it possible is common algae. During photosynthesis, like other plants algae releases oxygen. When the electrons that are passed around inside a plant cell during photosynthesis are directed outside to an electrode, you have a 'microbial battery'.
The prototype battery consists of a small culture tank filled with water, algae and an electron-transfer molecule that transports electrons from algae cells to one electrode. The battery also generates electrical energy in the dark as well as in the light. This special ability comes with a species of algae that not only photosynthesises, but also derives energy from sugar in its environment when there is no sunlight for photosynthesis. With the aid of 40 millilitres of water, 50 milligram of algae and 80 milligram of electron-transfer molecules, the battery produces 0.3 milliwatt of power in the presence of sunlight.


Download and Install Stock ROM On DO Mobile S2 [Official Firmware]: The DO Mobile S2 official stock firmware file is DO_Mobile_S2_180122_7.0_CPB.zip. The firmware file is around 1.36 GB in size so a good stable connection is recommended. The File is shared by the firmwarefile website. The firmware is based on Android 7.0 Nougat and only compatible with DO Mobile S2 so don't flash this on any other Comio device or you may end up bricking your device. This CPB stock firmware can be flashed with YGDP Flash Tool.
The DO Mobile S2 Stock Firmware Flash file is now made available for download and now users can download it and flash it manually. Like most of the entry and mid-range devices, DO Mobile S2 is powered by a MediaTek CPU so users need to use the YGDP Tool to Install the Stock Firmware on the device. The YGDP Tool is very easy to use and this is the perfect solution for MediaTek devices.
We are sharing a step by step guide to install the DO Mobile S2 Official Firmware. Don't try to skip any step because every step has it's own importance in this guide if you don't follow the guide correctly you may end up bricking your device. We have collected more information about DO Mobile S2 Stock ROM down if you want you can read it from down.


text:
« Armed Man Attempts to Rob Raytown Bank
Raytown High School wins recognition in Debate & Forensics »
City Administrator's Report for 6/22/2012
By Michael Downing, on June 22nd, 2012
City Administrator's Report
FROM: Mahesh Sharma, City Administrator
The Raytown Arts Council has announced their 2012 Summer Musical "CINDERELLA" based on the book and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II and the music of Richard Rogers. Performances are at 7:00pm on both July 13th and 14th and a 2:00pm matinee on July 15th at the Robert B. Atkin Performing Arts Center, 6019 Blue Ridge Boulevard (Raytown High School – South Door). Ticket sales begin Monday, June 25th, at the Raytown Hy-Vee Store; prices are $8 in advance, $10 at the door, and $5 for children 12 and under.
Staff (Community Development and Public Works) submitted applications this week for 2013-2014 Congestion Mitigation & Air Quality (CMAQ) and Surface Transportation Program (STP) grants. The applications submitted concern the Downtown Streetscape Phase 2 (Blue Ridge Blvd. from 60th Terrace to 63rd Street); 59th Street Sidewalks (From Blue Ridge Blvd. to Woodson Avenue), Highway 350 Bicycle-Pedestrian Trail Phase 2 (from immediately east of Maple Avenue to Raytown Road) projects, and replacement of the 83rd Street bridge. Each of the grant applications requires a twenty percent (20%) local match. The City will find out which, if any, of the grant applications are approved later this year.
The Construction Permit for interior finish of the planned Chipotle restaurant (located at the intersection of Gregory Boulevard and Highway 350) has been issued and inspections for the underground plumbing were completed this week. Rough-in plumbing, framing and electrical inspections for the other two tenant spaces within the building were also performed this week.
After completing seven interviews with two external and five internal candidates and then contemplating the decision for several weeks Bryan Holt was promoted to the position of Public Works Operations Supervisor this week. The position was vacated by Steve Wright who retired earlier this year. Bryan's former position was that of a crew leader. Congratulations Bryan!
An example of how simple things can make a big impact. This week public works repainted the islands downtown in an effort to address the little details before the all-star game. It is surprising how much impact a little yellow paint can have. The Public Works crews will be working to repaint the islands on Raytown Road between 350 Highway early Saturday morning to avoid heavy traffic.
The minor renovation at city hall to provide more court records storage is nearly complete. Heating and air conditioning vent revision and carpet is all that will remain next week.
Board, Committee and Commission Meetings, and Events
June 26 – Fire Board Meeting; Station 1, 9:00am
June 22nd, 2012 | Category: City Government

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Alec + Hilaria Baldwin Show Off Baby Carmen Gabriela
Alec Baldwin and his wife Hilaria welcomed a new baby into their lives a couple of weeks ago, and despite some much-needed sleep, they could not be happier about their new addition -- and they've even shared a photo of her already.
10 Celebrities Who Just Can't Quit Twitter
Twitter is the celebrity oracle, allowing them to spout endless missives in 140-character lines. Some famous folk use it for good -- shameless self promotion, charity endeavors -- and others go on bizarre rants. Either way, a lot of celebs end up regretting some of their posts (or in some cases, all of them) and pulling the plug on the social media outlet entirely. But they almost always return. R
Jessica Sager
Alec Baldwin + Hilaria Baldwin Announce Birth of Baby Girl
It seems like Alec Baldwin's wife, Hilaria Baldwin, has been gestating her baby longer than Kim Kardashian and Kate Middleton combined, so it should come as no surprise that she finally gave birth on Friday (Aug. 23) to a daughter they named Carmen.
Alec Baldwin Returns to Twitter + Has Big Hashtag Plans For His Tombstone
Rejoice, citizens! After deleting his Twitter account in a fit of rage last month, Alec Baldwin is back. But don't expect another rant. From what we can tell, he's just been using it to retweet jokes about Anthony Weiner's press conference on National Hot Dog day.
Alec Baldwin Thinks Twitter Will Pretty Much Bring Upon the Downfall of Man
Alec Baldwin has issues with telecommunication. First there was the Words With Friends debacle on the plane, and now he's facing the fallout of his wife allegedly tweeting during James Gandolfini's funeral ... and of his subsequent Twitter rant following the accusations. His solution? He and Twitter are never getting back together. Like, ever.
Dumb Celebrity Quotes – Alec Baldwin
Alec Baldwin once thought daughter Ireland was ignoring his calls, so he left a scathing voicemail in which he also famously called her a "rude thoughtless pig." Primo parenting right there.
A Daily Mail article alleging that Alec Baldwin's wife Hilaria was tweeting during James Gandolfini's funeral has since been removed from the outlet's website. But not before it sent Baldwin into a homophoboic fit of rage and he deleted his Twitter account.
Alec Smash
Alec Baldwin pulled a total Chris Brown on Twitter late last night (June 27), ranting at Daily Mail writer George Stark before deleting his account after Stark wrote an article alleging that Baldwin's pregnant wife Hilaria was tweeting during James Gandolfini's funeral.
Heeere's ... Alec?
NBC, which has had a pretty bad rap as of late, has been juggling its late-night programs like so many chainsaws. First we found out Jimmy Fallon is moving into Jay Leno's 'Tonight Show' spot -- assuming Jay retires as promised this time -- and now it seems the network might be looking to bring Alec Baldwin into the fold.
Shia-ing Away
Back in February, Shia LaBeouf and Alec Baldwin allegedly had "creative differences" over their Broadway play 'Orphans,' which had Shia quitting and then sharing confusing and very personal emails about the entire situation on Twitter. But last night, Apr. 1, LaBeouf went on 'Late Night With David Letterman' and actually tried to make sense of it all. Sort of.
Baby beans have been spilled near Alec Baldwin. And no, we're not talking about Shia LaBeouf having a tantrum -- this time, it's actually about a real baby. Not to be outdone by the Duchess of Cambridge, Alec's wife Hilaria revealed that the couple is expecting a daughter.
Kathy Landin
WikiLeaks Would Be Proud
The saga of the Broadway play on which Shia LaBeouf bailed continues, as Alec Baldwin, hurt that LaBeouf would share his private emails, fires back -- and LaBeouf returns fire by making even more personal notes public. It's like our own little celebrity version of WikiLeaks.
Guessing Game
We love having fun with Alec Baldwin because it's clear he's a fun-loving guy. For all the hits he takes in the media, he's never lost his sense of humor. That's why, when we see on his Twitter page that he's had some sort of accident, we're at first concerned -- and then we wonder what sort of shenanigans he might be up to.
Shia LaBeouf recently walked out of what was going to be his Broadway debut, a play called 'Orphans' co-starring Alec Baldwin. While producers say he left due to "creative differences," LaBeouf is painting a different picture on Twitter, trying to prove through email screenshots that ... well, we're not entirely sure what he's trying to prove here.
Remember how Alec Baldwin used a bunch of racial slurs against a New York Post photographer and threatened to choke one of their reporters to death? Neither does he -- because apparently it never happened.
Baldwin's Beef
Hell hath no fury like Alec Baldwin scorned.
Alec Baldwin + Wife Hilaria Expecting Their First Unfairly Adorable Baby Together [VIDEO]
Congrats to Alec Baldwin! The '30 Rock' star and Words With Friends enthusiast and his wife, Hilaria, are expecting their first lil' one together. Alec has a 17-year-old daughter with ex Kim Basinger -- and she's flippin' gorgeous (see her in a bikini here, perv), so chances are this bambino will have awesome genetic material, too.
Mild-Mannered Alec Baldwin Eludes Prosecution for Photog Fight
Back in June, while engaging in the normally peaceful activity of acquiring a marriage license, Alec Baldwin got in a tussle with a pushy paparazzo -- but tabloid-friendly as the altercation was, it seems that Mr. Baldwin, the reigning king of zero-to-angry, won't be prosecuted for the shoving match.
Tina Fey + Alec Baldwin
When Tina Fey (aka the woman every other woman wants to be when she grows up), was creating '30 Rock,' she wrote the character of totally uncensored network executive Jack Donaghy with Alec Baldwin in mind. She never thought he'd actually accept the role, but was thrilled when he did...
Shauna W
Ireland Baldwin Tweets Bikini Pic as We Brace for Hurricane Alec — Photo of the Week
Alec Baldwin and Kim Basinger's 16-year-old daughter, Ireland, shared a revealing, sexy pic of her very shapely bikini body with her Twitter followers, and it's left us bracing for impact. Or least an expletive–filled tirade from dear old dad.


Of the entire American divisions in global conflict I, the 4th Brigade of Marines, moment department (Regular Army), A. E. F. , suffered the main casualties, captured the second one so much territory, captured the main enemy prisoners and kit, and received the main for valor. Louis Linn, a tender Marine during this illustrious department, carried a sketchbook and pencil stub, drawing each time he may to keep up his sanity within the insanity of warfare.
Leonard Cordes, a Montreal-born chartered accountant who as soon as owned and operated 5 nursing houses in South Florida, has committed his existence to numerous charitable factors. he's a robust believer within the value of schooling and supporting increase the Jewish humans. the focal point of these types of efforts is investment scholarships for college kids attending the Hebrew collage of Jerusalem.
The "affectionate…charming" (Kirkus experiences) tale of Tim Shanahan's notable and little-known forty-year friendship with boxing legend Muhammad Ali, choked with tales by no means informed in addition to never-before-published own images. In 1975, Tim Shanahan was once a clinical tools salesman residing in Chicago and dealing with a charity that prepared for professional athletes to talk to underprivileged teenagers.


You want to buy a bicycle, but not sure what exactly you need? Below you can read a short description of each type, and choose yours.
NOTE: This list is not exhaustive, you can find more on Wikipedia!
Designed for travelling at speed on paved roads. It has narrow tires with high pressure. The absence of tire texture helps to reduce the rolling resistance. Along with a lightweight construction it makes easier climbing hills. Road bikes can be equipped with derailleur gears. Single-speed and fix-gear variants also exist.
A mixture of road, touring and mountain bikes. Due to their comfort and ease of use, they are popular among beginning cyclists, casual riders, commuters, and children. If you don't know what type of bicycle to choose - start from hybrid!
Mountain bike is created for off-road cycling: rocks, washouts, ruts, loose sand, loose gravel, roots, steep grades etc. It has knobby tires, more powerful brakes and suspension on the frame and fork.
Perhaps, the main advantage of this type of bike - you can take it for free in transport, e.g. cross-border trains. Being folded, it doesn't require much space and you can store it at home even if your flat is not large.
This type of bike is designed for transporting loads. Apart from carrying big and heavy objects, it can be used also for child transporting.
BMX, or bicycle motocross, is designed mainly for dirt and motocross cycling. On these bikes freestyle riders are jumping and doing other crazy things.
Designed for bike touring, this type of bicycle is sufficiently robust, comfortable and capable of carrying heavy loads. Touring bicycle may be in road, sport/touring, trail, recumbent, or tandem configuration.
It was was developed by Danish inventor Mikael Pedersen. This bike has unusual frame and hammock-style seat, which provides suspension from road imperfections much better than traditional saddles.
Thanks to a laid-back reclining position, the rider's weight is distributed comfortably over a larger area, supported by back and buttocks. Once you get used to it, riding becomes very comfortable.
Tandem is designed to be ridden by more than one person. In Luxembourg you won't see many of them, but if you can try in Northern Belgium!
It's equipped with electric motor and can easily accelerate up to 25km/h and faster. You don't need much efforts even climbing up the hill. The only minus - the accumulator has to be recharged every several hours.


Printer Driver HP LaserJet CP4525xh Review, The installation, which included installing the PCL driver, the fonts, and downloading the guide, went smoothly. We also had no trouble printing above the network. Even so, if you're applied to sharing your workplace by using a demure, quiet inkjet, you might be in for a rude shock: This unit can be a noisemaker. It's also loud to place anyplace you need to talk. Although printing, it whooshes, rattles, and in many cases clanks a bit. Even if idle, it hums except if idle to get a couple of hrs.
HP LaserJet CP4525xh Windows Xp Driver : Download (59.41MB) Operating Systems: Mac OS X 10.11, Mac OS X 10.10, Mac OS X 10.9, Mac OS X 10.8, Mac OS X 10.7, Mac OS X 10.6, Mac OS X 10.5.
Still, the output created the racket worth enduring. Form was sharp and clear, without any fuzzy edges we could see. Graphics were simply beautiful, without any fuzzy spots or dot patterns. A great deal brighter and clearer than you'd probably expect from a color laser, the colours looked in particular striking on glossy paper.
We also printed our common test photograph on glossy photograph paper, and, though the high-quality can not match that of the focused dye-sublimation or inkjet photo printer (our check photo was somewhat darker and duller than one printed on an Epson PictureMate Charm).
only someone comparing pictures in the two different kinds of printers would recognize a substantial distinction. The high-quality picture printing, paired with all the unit's excellence at other forms of output, tends to make this printer in particular beneficial for offices that routinely print photographs, including real-estate brokers.
The image good quality may be excellent, but the CP4025dn's results on our pace exams have been a mixed bag. Printing a document using a mixture of text and graphics is usually a task at which a shade laser need to excel. But the CP4025dn took one minute and 26 seconds to print our 10-page text-and-graphics test document, a occupation that two considerably less highly-priced SOHO shade lasers we tested, the Lexmark C546dtn ($699.99) and Xerox Phaser 6140 ($399.99), did pretty much a minute quicker at equivalent settings.
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Q: How to save data on Windows Store App Close? i have the following problem. When the user closes the Windows store app, i want a text file with data to be saved.
What method should i write so that when closing the app a file gets saved ?

A: This article describes the application lifecycle of a Windows Store App.
If you look at the very first figure, you can see that there are only 3 events related to application lifecycle:

*

*Activated - Raised when program first starts

*Suspended - Raised when program is suspended (i.e. the user returns to the Start Screen or another app)

*Resuming - Raised when the program is awakened from its suspended state.

The fourth transition - the one to the "Not Running" state - has no such notification event.  The reason is: you don't really know when the app will fully close.  Nor should you - Microsoft wants you to perform all of your state-saving logic in the transition from "Running" to "Suspended."  In this way, they can free up resources when they deem necessary.
Even if the user forces the program to terminate (by right-clicking it and selecting "Close" from the task menu), you will enter the "Suspended" state for exactly 10 seconds before the program is terminated.  So you can rest easy that your state-saving logic will always be executed.

A:
you don't really know when the app will fully close. Nor should you...

I don't agree with this - Microsoft are copying this from Apple, and I don't know why, I never liked Apple's implementation either.
If your user makes changes to your App, then closes it using the keyboard or gesture, then restarts it say after 6 seconds, all changes are lost.
I don't see any way as a developer to get around this. Whoever decided that closed events (and exit buttons for that matter) are evil is an idiot.


text:
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Alpha Andromedae – Star Facts
Alpha Andromedae is a binary star that shines the brightest in the constellation of Andromeda and is 200 times more luminous than the Sun. Before the 1930's this star was once a part of the constellation Pegasus and was actually considered the fourth brightest star there. Its Arabic name literally translates to "the Navel of the Horse."
Constellation Home
Alpha Andromedae is located in the constellation of Andromeda and is approximately 97 light-years in distance. Because of its close proximity to the constellation of Pegasus this star was once called, Delta Pegasi and is still referred to as the northeastern star of the Great Square of Pegasus. In fact, Alpheratz connects its home constellation to Pegasus.
Observers will be happy to know this star is visible to the unaided eye and can be seen from all latitudes north of 60 degrees. If you are in the midlatitudes, Alpheratz is best viewed in the evenings from August through October when it is high in the sky. To locate Alpheratz look for the Great Square of Pegasus. It is the star that connects the Andromeda constellation to Pegasus.
View Alpha Andromedae in 3D!
Star Characteristics and Features
Although, Alpha Andromedae appears as one star in the night sky it is actually a binary star. The primary component is a hot blue star with a classification of B8 subgiant. The brighter of the two stars shows high levels of mercury, manganese, gallium and xenon. It has 3.6 solar masses and also burns at a whopping 13,800 Kelvins; 24,380 degrees Fahrenheit or 13,526 degrees Celsius. The dimmer companion star is an early-type A star which has approximately 1.8 solar masses and burns with a surface temperature of 8,500 Kelvins; 14,840 degrees Fahrenheit or 8,226 degrees Celsius. The two stars do a complete orbit around each other every 96.7 days.
Brightness of the Star
Alpha Andromedae is the brightest star in its home constellation and also the brightest mercury-manganese star known today.. It shines (along with its close companion) at a combined apparent visual magnitude of +2.06. The primary star is 200 times more luminous than the Sun, while the dimmer of the pair is about 10 times that of the Sun. The primary star has also been found to have a slight variability to its brightness, which has been determined to be caused by the mercury line during the stars rotation. However, the change in brightness is not significant and is measured in at less than 0.01 magnitude.
History and Mythology
Before the 1930's Alpheratz was given the designation of Delta Pegasi (or the 4th brightest star in Pegasus). After that this star was given the designation as a part of Andromeda by the International Astronomical Union. Although, it did take some time for Alpheratz to be officially recognized as part of Andromeda, it is today. We do know early Arabians considered Alpha Andromedae to be a part of Pegasus because its name literally translates to the "navel of the horse." However, some ancient Arabic writings refers to this star as, rās al-mar'a al-musalsala, "the head of the woman in chains," referring to Andromeda, so we can conclude that even early stargazers were uncertain as to where to place Alpheratz. In China this star was called, Bi Su, meaning "the wall," and shared its designation name with y Pegasi with a Andromedae being, "the second star of the wall." In addition, it is also known as "the Three Guides," that gives blessings and riches to all those born under its guidance.
Alpheratz is not just another twinkling celestial object, it has some cold hard facts and true significance. So if you have a chance to view the brightest star in the Andromeda constellation be sure to take a peek at one of the most intriguing views you may ever experience.
Fly to Alpha Andromedae in 3D!
Alcyone – Star Facts
Aldebaran – Star Facts
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Online Star Register (OSR) believes that every person on earth should enjoy their very own star in the night sky. That's why we make it possible for you to name a star in the Online Star Register!
OSR has been naming stars for people all around the world since the start of this millennium and is now the number one star register service in the world. A personalized star registration in the Online Star Register is widely considered one of the most original, emotional, and personal gifts you can give to your partner, a friend, family member, or coworker.
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The tip that I keep thinking about, however, is one that a friend with three kids mentioned over lunch one day. "Speak to your new baby the way you'd speak to Maggie," she said. She explained that if I'm helping Maggie with something and the baby starts crying, I shouldn't just drop everything and rush over to him. Instead, I should say "You need to wait, baby" before switching tasks. The idea isn't that I should expect my newborn to grasp the concept of patience (because ha!)—rather, it's about showing everyone in the family that they're equally valued.
I plan to use this advice. While I fully expect there to be some jealousy, I'm hoping my daughter won't feel like she's being bumped down in the priority ranking during these early days with the new kid. I want her to know that in our house, every child is loved, but when it comes to getting Mom and Dad's attention, every child must wait in line.


Paw print jewellery is a fantastic way of keeping your special friend and companion with you, wherever you go. Captured in timeless silver, your treasured pet's print can be preserved forever – a beautiful reminder of the mark they have left on your life. I produce a range of personalised paw print jewellery, including paw print pandora charms and keyrings.
Cheeky Little Prints has so far captured paw prints from cats and kittens, dogs and puppies, rabbits and even a pet tortoise! Getting your pet's print is very simple with my easy to use, no mess, inkless paw print kit – contact us today and I will send you a kit to get you started. Whether you want your dog's pawprint as a cufflink, or your cat's print as a necklace, my custom-made pawprint jewellery is the ultimate personalised gift for pet owners and animal lovers.
Browse below for some inspiration or find out more about ordering paw print jewellery.