text:
Iran frees 157, thousands remain jailed on protest anniversary
Iran's judiciary has pardoned dozens of prisoners arrested during last year's deadly anti-government protests, but thousands more are still behind bars, reportedly facing torture and other forms of mistreatment.
Iranian protesters hold flowers as riot police fire tear gas during a demonstration in front of Tehran's Amir Kabir University on Jan. 11, 2020. Photo by AFP via Getty Images.
One year after Iran was rattled with deadly unrest over a contentious government fuel subsidy plan, the country's judiciary said 157 protesters have been released. According to judiciary spokesperson Gholam-Hossein Esmaeili, the pardon was granted by Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei to the "security convicts," a term Iranian officials apply to most political dissidents and prisoners of conscience.
Every year on different religious occasions, Khamenei issues similar pardons for thousands languishing in Iranian jails. Yet the order has always left out political prisoners. A newspaper run by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) praised the pardon as a sign of "Islamic compassion" on the anniversary of the "riots."
The IRGC was at the helm of the violent crackdown on last year's protests, in which at least 220 Iranians were killed in the streets of over 100 cities nationwide. The bodies of many of those killed were buried under tight security, with families barred from holding public mourning ceremonies. In some cases, according to families and local activists, corpses were recovered from rivers and lakes.
The November rallies were triggered by gasoline price hikes introduced by President Hassan Rouhani's government and approved by the supreme leader. However, with the protests gathering steam, the slogans turned radical, including calls for the overthrow of the Islamic Republic, as many protesters raised demands that had piled up unaddressed over decades.
The 157 pardoned protesters leave behind thousands more who are still held in inhumane conditions and suffer various forms of torture, ranging from lashing and electric shocks to sexual abuse, according to an Amnesty International report.
An unspecified number of those protesters are on death row. The case of three inmates, Amir-Hossein Moradi, Mohammad Rajabi and Saeed Tamjidi, came under the spotlight back in July amid social media campaigns that ultimately forced the Iranian authorities to order a retrial.
Families of the detainees and the victims have also complained about immense pressure from the Islamic Republic's intelligence apparatus. Pouya Bakhtiari, 28, was shot in the head in the city of Karaj, at a protest he attended along with his mother. The circumstances surrounding his death and his family's relentless outcries for justice turned Bakhtiari into an icon of dissidence. His parents were imprisoned by the Iranian intelligence forces and held incommunicado for over a month. One of Bakhtiari's uncles has disappeared and is still unaccounted for.
One year on, despite calls from opposition activists and even from moderate figures within the ruling elite, the Islamic Republic is still refusing to investigate the killings and continued abuse of the detainees. Instead, weeks before the anniversary, the IRGC came up with a fresh project involving "neighborhood security patrols" in the flashpoint cities, a plan widely seen as a precautionary measure aimed at nipping any new protests in the bud.
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It seems appropriate that the table toppers come together on the final game of the year for both clubs.
The two most entertaining teams could provide a little classic.
Here's hoping for plenty of goals in an end to end encounter.
Forecast for this one, Bristol 3 Wolves 4.
With Costa showing the confidence to match his considerable ability.
Happy new year folks. In Nuno we trust.
Post subject: Re: Bristol City v Wolves.
Blimey, that would be some humdinger. High in confidence, and playing in front of their home crowd, I'd like to think Brizzle will take the game to Wolves, allowing Costa and Jota to hit them on the break. My concern is our defence as both goals conceded at Millwall were poor, so hopefully Nuno and his team are working on this ahead of Saturday. Boly OUT, will be a big miss.
Bristol City could well be 4th by the time the game starts.
This is the first time Wolves can "correct" a failure to beat a team this season.
This game aside mate, we have just come off a history making run of clean sheets. Our defence is OK.
I thought Millwalls first goal was excellent. Superb run by Wallace and then he threaded a brilliant pass for Gregory, very good goal. Their equaliser was Keystone Kops stuff.
Can't believe Ruddy was being blamed for both goals on the media and given ratings between 0-3 by some. Idiots. he had no chance with the second with four of our lot in the way and they should have dealt with it.
How can we win this game?
Hope I am wrong but I have a bad feeling about this one.
Bristol 2 - 1 Wolves.
Bristol are on the rise and I have had a feeling for a while now that they are serious contenders for automatic promotion.
I hope we win this - but either way we need a striker in this January to provide more options up front.
Wolves will go to Bristol and impose their game on them, which in many respects is easier than against Millwall.
Bristol like to play through areas of the pitch that Wolves enjoy so Wolves players will always feel involved. At it as they say.
By dominating Bristol with their system its then a question of taking your chances because Bristol will get chances when they break.
Wolves right flank will be very important as it was in the reverse fixture.
If Doherty ups his quality on the ball that could prove crucial, likewise Costa coming strong like Cavaleiro did in the home fixture.
"Can't believe Ruddy was being blamed for both goals on the media and given ratings between 0-3 by some. Idiots. he had no chance with the second with four of our lot in the way and they should have dealt with it."
First was a good move from Millwall and suppose the critisism of Ruddy comes from him stopping as he came out but that goal I think is more about credit to Millwall.
The second on the other hand I think you have to be critical of him. We have struggled defending corners all season so teams will try to exploit that and marking zonally dosn't help but there weren't 4 of our players in his way when the corner came in, Millwall simply did what every sunday morning pub side does and put a player on the keeper which he didn't deal with. Whats the betting that Bristol put a man on him at corners next game?
Games like Millwall there may be an argument for Norris playing.
It was the second ball he couldn't get to as there was a ruck of players on his right hand post. I take your point about the big bugger standing on his toes, though.
It looks bad on him for the 2nd goal. He comes out but kinda just stays in no mans land and doesn't do anything. But looking at it he wouldn't have been able to do much with the 2nd header even if he had stayed on his line. So not at fault.
Should be a Christmas Cracker!
Historically, we don't do well on TV, but this year all the customary historical negative thoughts have been confirmed to the bin of history - remember the Villa game?? I still have it saved as a reminder!!
Looking for a fast open game. I am going for us to sneak a 3-2 win in a game that shows up the tawdry nonsense of Newcastle v Arsenal served up from the "Premiership" for what it is! Why do teams 'fear' the Championship? It is a great league with many excellent clubs playing good football.
As long as clubs have SENSIBLE contracts with players, so that they are not bankrupted by relegation, then a spell in the second tier can rejuvenate the juices!!
The top Prem clubs are a delight to watch, but too many others have lost the will to 'entertain' because of 'fear'.
If we go up - and I of course believe we will (tipped us as Champions at START of campaign!!) - then let us do so and ATTACK teams - not rashly and wantonly, but play with style .... the Nuno way!!!!
Tomorrow evening should be a prime example. No defensive 'park the bus' nonsense - just go and PLAY YOUR FOOTBALL and trust in Nuno!!!
Boly and Cav are fit to play.
Last edited by SELWolf on Fri Dec 29, 2017 5:42 pm, edited 1 time in total.
Cheers, matey. The girls and myself are going to the pub whilst the missus cooks dinner.
I'm feeling happier now that I know Boly is fit. I suspect Cav will be on the bench with Costa and Bonatini starting.
I'd still take a draw, it'll be tough.
Yep, I'm not feeling confident either. Bristol are on a high.
FOUR points from the next TWO games, and we'll dump the Swans out of the cup to boot.
Cardiff lose 0-1 v Preston. Things slowly but surely turning our way. A draw will do v Bristol.
And Lolloway had a dart thrown at him (it hit the wall) when he was getting off the bus. It'll be interesting how the authorities will handle the two incidents.
Just look at the idiot goading Millwall fans. They obviously don't like him for some reason.
Well I hope it does go in our favour.
A win and we are at the minimum ten points clear.
Tonights just one of those games that you sit down to enjoy, no tension, just fun.
Wolves have gone missing a few times this season. QPR/Cardiff/Sheff Utd games spring to mind. We need to be fully on this from the first minute till the last. Bristol at home especially will really come for us.
We had 10 men from 15 mins onwards v Sheff Utd so that's one explanation. Cardiff stopped us from getting going, QPR were in our face, Brentford played decent football, Sunderland had an effective game plan as did Millwall. I was told that Bristol pushed us all the way but the ref was on their side...we can't win 'em all.
Just when I was on the threshold of belief in the revolution,you come up with this.
As my wife is from Bristol and supports City and I want peace and quiet,I'm going for a 1-1.
I do believe the result will tell much about where we are.
Opposition now know how we play,and,must have worked out how to combat that.
Can Nuno come up with a winning formula,I believe he can.
Agree - this month would be a good time to give Jota and Bonatini a REAL break of about 2-3 weeks after Brentford - have 2 weeks in sunshine, and come back raring to go for last 18 games.
We can do it - if we get another striker early in January.
We don't want a worn-out 1st XI and a bored second string!


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Statement from Alkan Air regarding the tragic aircraft accident
Alkan Air Press Release | August 8, 2019
Estimated reading time 1 minute, 9 seconds.
At 12:08 on Aug. 6, an aircraft transiting to Mayo, Yukon crashed and both the air crew member and the passenger on board perished.
The Transportation Safety Board is arriving in Whitehorse, Yukon on Thursday, Aug. 8 and will initiate a full investigation.
Everyone at Alkan Air is devastated by the tragic loss of both the Alkan Air pilot and the passenger on board. The pilot was 24-year-old, Shawn Kitchen. He has been with Alkan Air for over four years and is deeply respected and loved by everyone here. The passenger was an incredible individual and will be sadly missed by so many people. Our priority right now is the family, friends and loved ones of the two deceased and all of our family at Alkan Air.
We are a very tight knit company, and family, and it has hit us all of us very hard. We know that it has impacted many Yukoners and people across Canada.
Our sincerest condolences to everyone that has been impacted, we will provide further updates as we are able to.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Last edited by Faejind
6 edition of The history of western painting found in the catalog.
The history of western painting
a young person"s guide
by Juliet Heslewood
Published 1996 by Raintree Steck-Vaughn in Austin, Tex .
Painting -- History -- Juvenile literature.,
Painting -- History.
Presents an overview of Western painting from ancient caves to the modern world and includes information on artists.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 63) and index.
Statement Juliet Heslewood.
LC Classifications ND50 .H52 1996
It's a succinct review of the History of Western Art. It is fairly extensive in covering the traditional western canon, while being on the shorter side for this type of book. Good if your looking to refresh. Gardner's Art Through the Ages is an American textbook on the history of art, with the edition by Fred S. Kleiner and Christin J. edition was awarded both a McGuffey award for longevity and the "Texty" Award for current editions by the Text and Academic Authors Association. No other book has received both awards in the same year. The first edition published in was.
The history of the American West, like the art of the American West, isn't what it used to be. No doubt, many lament the changes and pine for the myths that western histories (and western art. Western art history – or at least mainstream Western art history – really does very little to address the artistic traditions of non-Western countries. Many people find this perfectly acceptable, arguing that Western art history is about Western countries and shouldn't have to .
In the s, as a response to segregation in the United States, the influential art patron Dominique de Menil began a research project and photo archive called The Image of the Black in Western , fifty years later, as the first American president of African American descent serves his historic term in office, her mission has been reinvigorated through the collaboration of Harvard. The Guerrilla Girls' bedside companion to the history of Western art by Guerrilla Girls (Group of artists), , Penguin Books edition, in English.
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The history of western painting by Juliet Heslewood Download PDF EPUB FB2
The History of Western Painting: A Young Person's Guide Library Binding – January 1, Author: Juliet Heslewood. Mostly enjoyed this retrospective on western art save the end when the author has a kind of death of God the end of western art lament.
The past is always comforting because we can select what is pleasing from it however the good old days weren't all that rosy nor the present all that terrible/5. Appropriate for one-semester art history surveys or historically-focused art appreciation classes, "A History of Western Art, Fourth Edition", offers an exciting new CD-ROM, additional color plates, and a number of new features.
Focusing on the Western canon of art history, the text presents a compelling chronological narrative from prehistory to the present/5. Summary: Just as the great artists of history illustrated the eras in which they lived, this comprehensive guide paints for today's reader a picture of the history of painting, from its earliest manifestations through the present day.
Addeddate Identifier A_History_of_Western_Art Identifier-ark ark://t3hx56k4h Ocr ABBYY FineReader Pages Ppi Scanner. Comprehensive and accessible account of history of painting (as distinct from a range of art forms) by Sr.
Wendy Becket. Was intended it as a gift but on discovering the proposed recipient already has a copy will probably keep it myself as a reference by: 7. CA Workers Party. Party. Home. Why I Wrote A History of Western Art All art history books attempt to help readers appreciate artistic expression, the meaning of images, and the development of style.
While A History of Western Art achieves these goals, it also accomplishes something else. The book provides active learning tools to support the needs of college students. Western painting is in general distinguished by its concentration on the representation of the human figure, whether in the heroic context of antiquity or the religious context of the early Christian and medieval world.
The Renaissance extended this tradition through a close examination of the natural world and an investigation of balance, harmony, and perspective in the visible world, linking painting to the. A Brief History of the Books Depicted in Western Painting The Art of Reading: An Illustrated History of Books in Paint explores centuries of symbiosis between the visual and literary arts through.
First published inthis book deals with Byzantine art, not as an isolated province, but as one intimately connected with the subsequent history of European painting. The history of Western painting represents a continuous, though disrupted, tradition from antiquity until the present time.
Until the midth century it was primarily concerned with representational and Classical modes of production, after which time more modern. Western painting - Western painting - Fantasy and the irrational: The identity of a work of art as a thing in itself, independent of representation, was on the way to general recognition when the outbreak of war in interrupted artistic life throughout most of Europe.
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Presents an overview of Western painting from ancient caves to the modern world and includes information on artists. Beginning with cave paintings, this large-format book gives a cursory overview of Western painting, with several pages devoted to contemporary artists & movements.
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Developments in Eastern painting historically parallel those in Western painting, in general a few centuries earlier. African art, Jewish art, Islamic art, Indian art, Chinese art, Korean Art, and Japanese art each had significant influence on Western art, and, vice versa.
A History of Western Art: Instructor's Manual and Test Item File and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at Book Description. Just as the great artists of history illustrated the eras in which they lived, this comprehensive guide paints for today's reader a picture of the history of painting—from its earliest manifestations through the present day.
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Pastor Kipp came to Westside Chapel in May, 2016. He fondly refers to himself as a "military brat" and grew up all over the U.S. and overseas. He graduated with a Bachelors of Science from Moody Bible Institute ('01) and a Master of Divinity from Columbia International University ('05) where he met and married his lovely wife Jenny while they were both attending seminary. They have three amazing kids. Both Pastor Kipp and Jenny have a passion to see Christ followers enjoy God and make Him known through the power of missional community.
Interests: Hanging out with friends, playing guitar, writing songs, reading the Bible, listening to books on CD, keeping up with Premier League soccer, playing with his three kids, and doing just about anything with Jenny.


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Does Batman Really Have a 'No Killing' Rule?
Tracing the origins of Batman's moral code.
By Rosie Knight
Updated: 30 Mar 2019 12:02 am
Posted: 29 Mar 2019 9:51 pm
The question of whether Batman kills or not is one of the key moral quandaries in comics. Though it feels like his "No Killing" rule is a concrete part of his character it's actually something which has shifted, evolved, and changed since the earliest days of his creation.
The debate has been reignited thanks to Zack Snyder's recent profanity-filled comments about superheroes which included the line, "Someone says to me: Batman killed a guy. I'm like, 'F**k, really? Wake the f**k up.'" As Snyder here implies Batman has and will always kill, we thought it would be a good time to look back at the history of the Caped Crusader and his stance on killing.
Over the years Batman has killed many superbeings, like when he murdered Darkseid with a Rhodium bullet in Final Crisis, or when he impaled the Prince of Darkness himself in the Elseworlds Batman & Dracula trilogy. But fans seem to be most divided over his choice of whether or not to kill the more human of his villains like the Joker, the Penguin, and their many henchmen.
The Early Days of Batman
Though "Batman doesn't kill" has become a contemporary comics mantra, his early canon betrays this with multiple examples of him murdering criminals, hailing from his very first issue. In 1939's Detective Comics #27, during his very first appearance Batman kicks a man into a vat of acid and calls it "a fitting end" -- this bit was famously reimagined in The Killing Joke to explain the origins of the Joker and, of course, inspired the backstory Jack Nicholson's iconic performance in 1989's Batman. In Detective Comics #29, Batman kills his first supervillain known as Doctor Death by trapping him in a burning building and chillingly stating, "Death... to Doctor Death!" In one of his most famous murders, he snaps a man's neck whilst swinging on a rope in Detective Comics #30. And in what is most likely his most brutal crime, he hangs the Monster Man from the batcopter in the debut issue of his solo title, Batman #1.
Actors Who Almost Played Batman
His penchant for guns -- which often saw him wielding the weapons in early issues like Detective Comics #35 or on the cover of Batman #15, sometimes to shoot a silver bullet at a vampire or to help a war effort -- and killing makes sense when you look at the inspirations for the man who would become Batman. In his original form he is Bill Finger and Bob Kane's riff on pulp heroes, private detectives who take on the jobs that the police won't, ne'er-do-well do-gooders who are happy to kill if and when it's necessary. It's a far cry from the moral hero he would soon become, but it's still a notable part of his early life.
The Origin of Batman's "No Killing" Rule
The first issue (we could find) where Batman states that he never kills is Batman #4, which was released as the series' "Winter Issue" in January 1941. He makes the statement which would define the rest of his career during a fight with some nefarious pirates in the story "Blackbeard's Crew and the Yacht Society" and the exact wording is pretty interesting: "Use only the flat of your sword, Robin! Remember, we never kill with weapons of any kind!"
Image Credit: DC Entertainment
This was a clear delineation that his days of stabbing criminals with swords -- like he did in Detective Comics #37 -- or giving them very public hangings were over. So what encouraged this moral shift? Allegedly one of Batman's creators Bill Finger was at one point forbidden from writing the character with a gun by National Periodical Publications (A.K.A) DC Comics' editor Whitney Ellsworth. His notorious collaborator Bob Kane wrote about the shift in his autobiography Batman and Me. "The whole moral climate changed in the 1940-1941 period," Kane said. "You couldn't kill or shoot villains anymore. DC prepared its own comics code which every artist and writer had to follow."
It was likely a way to appeal to a young market that was at the time the biggest demographic spending money on comics. Similar titles like Fawcett's Captain Marvel would soon begin to outsell the pulp-inspired adventures of Batman. But on a moral and narrative level there's a relatively simple answer: it makes sense for Batman to oppose killing and specifically the use of guns because of his parents' murder on that fateful night in Crime Alley.
Speaking of Batman, here's your first look at him as he'll be appearing in Gotham:
The Impact of Batman '66
Though as the years went by Batman would become more family friendly -- especially with his post-war Golden Age and subsequent Silver Age comics which featured multiple wacky adventures and iconically zany covers featuring aliens, rainbow Bat-suits, Bat-gorillas, and the introduction of Bat-Mite -- that was by no means the end of Batman's ultimate moral quandary.
The next era of Bruce's life, career, and moral compass was defined by the popular 1966 Batman television series. Though the technicolor tone of the show was all about humor, puns, and family friendly fun editor-in-chief Julie Schwartz became so tired of the camp and comedic Bat that he decided to take the Bat-line of comics back to their dark and brutal roots.
A vital moment of this new regime was Denny O'Neil and Neal Adams' reimaging of the Joker as a devastatingly violent threat after years as a canny trickster in 1973's Batman #251. Though this issue was not specifically focused on Bruce committing murder, they established a bleak world where fans could perhaps empathize with why Batman would kill, which he would begin to do again with an alarming frequency in the '80s.


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Rent Range (p.a.) Min. Rent $5,000 p.a. $10,000 p.a. $20,000 p.a. $25,000 p.a. $30,000 p.a. $35,000 p.a. $40,000 p.a. $45,000 p.a. $50,000 p.a. $60,000 p.a. $70,000 p.a. $80,000 p.a. $90,000 p.a. $100,000 p.a. $200,000 p.a. $300,000 p.a. $400,000 p.a. $500,000 p.a. $1,000,000 p.a. $2,000,000 p.a. $3,000,000 p.a. $4,000,000 p.a. $5,000,000 p.a. $10,000,000 $15,000,000 $20,000,000 $30,000,000 $50,000,000 $100,000,000
Max. Rent $5,000 p.a. $10,000 p.a. $20,000 p.a. $25,000 p.a. $30,000 p.a. $35,000 p.a. $40,000 p.a. $45,000 p.a. $50,000 p.a. $60,000 p.a. $70,000 p.a. $80,000 p.a. $90,000 p.a. $100,000 p.a. $200,000 p.a. $300,000 p.a. $400,000 p.a. $500,000 p.a. $1,000,000 p.a. $2,000,000 p.a. $3,000,000 p.a. $4,000,000 p.a. $5,000,000 p.a.
Floor Area Min. Floor Area 20m² 40m² 50m² 75m² 100m² 150m² 200m² 250m² 300m² 350m² 400m² 500m² 600m² 700m² 800m² 900m² 1,000m² 1,500m² 2,000m² 3,000m² 4,000m² 5,000m² 7,500m² 10,000m² 20,000m² 50,000m²
Max. Floor Area 20m² 40m² 50m² 75m² 100m² 150m² 200m² 250m² 300m² 350m² 400m² 500m² 600m² 700m² 800m² 900m² 1,000m² 1,500m² 2,000m² 3,000m² 4,000m² 5,000m² 7,500m² 10,000m² 20,000m² 50,000m²
Land Area Min. Land Area 20m² 40m² 50m² 75m² 100m² 150m² 200m² 250m² 300m² 350m² 400m² 500m² 600m² 700m² 800m² 900m² 1,000m² 1,500m² 2,000m² 3,000m² 4,000m² 5,000m² 7,500m² 10,000m² 20,000m² 50,000m²
Max. Land Area 20m² 40m² 50m² 75m² 100m² 150m² 200m² 250m² 300m² 350m² 400m² 500m² 600m² 700m² 800m² 900m² 1,000m² 1,500m² 2,000m² 3,000m² 4,000m² 5,000m² 7,500m² 10,000m² 20,000m² 50,000m²
Sale Type Any Auction Tender Deadline Sale Expressions of Interest
NBN Availability Any NBN Available
Retail For Lease found in INNER NORTH (METROPOLITAN), VIC
Showing 1 - 10 listings of 67
Featured Newest Rent (Low-High) Rent (High-Low) Suburb (A-Z) Suburb (Z-A)
View: List Map
Cayzer Real Estate
YOU CAN FEEL THE VIBE! ABSOLUTELY PRIME LYGON STREET LOCATION
390 Lygon Street, Carlton, VIC 3053
Contact agent for details
Offices | Retail
Floor Area: 66m²
Morley Commercial
Prominent Retail Opportunity 241 Lygon Street,
Carlton, VIC 3053 For Lease Contact Agent Retail
Prime Ground Floor Retail 68-70 Queensberry Street,
Floor Area: 166m²
Medical/Retail/Office 445 Lygon Street,
Brunswick East, VIC 3057 For Lease Contact agent Offices | Retail | Medical
Office/Retail Opportunity 445A Lygon Street,
Brunswick East, VIC 3057 For Lease Contact Agent Offices | Retail
High Exposure Preston Opportunity 616 Bell Street,
Preston, VIC 3072 For Lease Contact Agent Offices | Retail | Medical
Land Area: 165m²
Prominent Two Storey Retail/Office 123-125 Sydney Road,
Brunswick, VIC 3056 For Lease Contact Agent Retail | Showrooms | Medical
Thornbury, VIC 3071 For Lease $350 Weekly Negotiable Retail | Industrial
Land Area: 95m²
2, 220 Elgin Street,
Carlton, VIC 3053 For Lease $60,000 p.a. Offices | Retail | Medical
1/508 Queensberry Street,
North Melbourne, VIC 3051 For Lease Contact Agent Offices | Retail | Medical
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WANT TO SAVE LONDON'S BLACK TAXIS?
Oh, woe! London's iconic, black taxis are in peril. Yes, due to Uber. I suspect that Uber may inevitably be the wave of the future, for technology has indelibly changed society and the way we conduct business. But I ask you, if we face a threat of losing something near and dear to our hearts, should we not fight for it? I know there are two sides to this issue, but if you fall into the camp that supports London's black taxis and would like to sign a petition to help save them, just click the button below!


Pittsburgh Rapper "J-Haze" Releases New Single "Thinking Of You"
Recently signed to Nashawn Carter's Iconic Music Group, J-Haze has been turning things up.
First was the release of the hard-hitting track "Hussein on Cocaine" which reached the 400,000 stream mark recently and now comes the smooth riding "Thinking of You" from J-Haze.
Produced by Maserati Sparks, "Thinking of You" is a mixture of love and gangster attitudes - something that both the ladies and the fellas can relate to.


text:
London News
Thames Valley News
Manchester News
National Development Squad launched
Bristol franchise hosts their first TagFest
Great Britain train-on squads named
Men's & Women's Tournament at London Big Day Out
Coral Challenge Cup Announced as Tournament Partner
Try Tag Rugby put on a men's and women's tournament on Saturday 15th June as part of London Big Day Out.
Turtles won the men's cup with Llamas winning the plate competition. In the women's tournament, cup winners were Turtlettes with plate winners This Girl Can Tag.
Individual player of the tournaments went to Matt Fitzgerald and Anita Snowden.
Thanks to PSS International Removals our official referee partner, Stoke Travel, hosts of London Big Day Out and the Rugby League Coral Challenge Cup for being our event partner.
Action, teams and awards https://buff.ly/2XjenVN
Men's Cup Winners: Turtles
Men's Plate Winners: Llamas
Women's Cup Winners: Turtlettes
Women's Plate Winners: This Girl Can Tag
Male Player of the Tournament: Matt Fitzgerald
Female Player of the Tournament: Anita Snowden
Coral Challenge Cup with TTR @Wembley
The Coral Challenge Cup Final takes place at Wembley Stadium on Saturday 24th August. As part of our partnership with the Coral Challenge Cup for the Men's and Women's Tournament at the London Big Day Out, tickets to the final at Wembley, with a face value of £50, can be bought for the discounted price of £25 by both Try Tag Rugby players and friends. Seats will be situated in the lower bowl at the side of the pitch towards halfway.
Join your fellow Tag players and enjoy the carnival atmosphere for what will be a great social day out at one of the World's most iconic stadiums, watching one of British sport's most prestigious tournaments!
TTR's MASSIVE Rugby Weekend Offer – Combine the Challenge Cup and London 9's in one amazing weekend!
Make it a MASSIVE weekend of Rugby this August bank holiday weekend! Sign up to play at the Try Tag Rugby tournament at this years London 9's on Sunday 25th August as well as a ticket for the Coral Challenge Cup Final on the Saturday 24th August and you will receive a further £10 discount of the overall cost of the ticket and the entry to the tournament! Click here for more information and to register for the Try Tag Rugby Tournament at this year's London 9's.
on 19th June, 2019


text:
Essays & Papers Social Issues Society Social Evils
Social Evils
Social Evils Pages: 2 (344 words)
Social Problems of India Pages: 2 (358 words)
Marriage is in decline due to changing social attitudes Pages: 4 (803 words)
Women Empowerment and Discrimination in India Pages: 2 (318 words)
Role of Women in Modern India - Pages: 2 (330 words)
The social evils and superstitions that had crept in the society over the centuries made social reforms imperative for the development of the society and the masses. In the 19th century, the newly educated persons increasingly revolted against rigid social conventions and outdated customs. They could no longer tolerate irrational and de-humanising social practices. Moreover, the backward features of Indian society, such as the caste system or inequality of the sexes had religious sanctions in the past. Therefore, it was necessary to reform religious practices as well.
The condition of women was pathetic. The various religions practised in India as well as the personal laws based on them consigned women to a status inferior to that of men. Polygamy, Purdah system, sort, ban on widow remarriage, no education for female child, female infanticide, child marriages were some of the evils that had vice—like grip over the society. It thus became necessary to take the women out of this degraded position and help her to realise her true potential.
The problems of female feoticide, sexual harassment at workplace, education are so diverse that they need sound financial backing, all these social evils centre around the petty and marginalized conditions of women in the society. We need to combat evils like the glorification of sati places as pilgrimages, dowry system, girl feoticide, decline in sex ratio, harassment of women etc. This can be achieved by educating the woman and making her financially independent.
Rajasthan has been in the news recently and for all the wrong reasons. First, it was tigers disappearing, then it was a guidebook that referred to sati-sites as tourist destinations, and then it was child marriages.
The legal age for marriage in India is 18 years for women and 21 years for men. Any marriage of a person younger than this is banned in India under the Child Marriage Prevention Act of 1929. But child marriages still take place in India; particularly.
Cite this Social Evils
Social Evils. (2018, Aug 16). Retrieved from https://graduateway.com/social-evils-3/
Topic: Social Evils


Durable and affordable, mechanical balances and scales are the top choice weighing equipment for laboratory applications out in the field when a power supply is unavailable.
Mechanical balances are useful within a variety of lab applications due to their portability, long life and ease of use. Spring balances can be kept inside a lab coat pocket and provide an easy and convenient weighing option. Triple beam balances can be used as an alternative to digital scale models for precise scientific field experiments, or for teaching students and young scientists concepts of mass measurement.
The Adam TBB and Kern 281 spring balance offer excellent value for mechanical weighing tasks. Contact us for help choosing a triple beam balance or hanging scale to suit your needs.
Q: What is the difference between a mechanical spring balance and a digital force gauge?
A: The main difference between a mechanical spring balance or force gauge and a digital force gauge can be found in their construction. Mechanical gauges, similar to spring scales or a strain gauge, operate on a spring component that can be used to measure the weight of an object only. A digital force gauge uses a load cell component rather than a spring, and makes use of a variety of smart features including peak hold and statistical analysis, but tends to be used for the same overall purpose as a mechanical force gauge.


New England Home Magazine May/June 2015 | Campo de' Fiori | Naturally mossed terra cotta planters, carved stone, forged iron, cast bronze, distinctive lighting, zinc and more for your home and garden.
Campo de' Fiori was featured in the May/June issue of the New England Home Magazine. See the article here.


At SEDI, we would like to assist Entrepreneurs and Business Owners take their businesses to the next level using Lean Principles.
Access our client portal to view online training courses.
Are you a business owner or would like to become one? It's a difficult, challenging but exciting road, with amazing possibilities. However, as many of us have discovered, it's also a road that is fraught with peril. A very small percentage of businesses are still around after 10 years. Nobody gives up the security of a job, financial security and time, to fail in business. Yet, that's what happens to the majority of Businesses, not only in South Africa, but internationally as well. After starting up, running and assisting numerous businesses, some successful and some not; I've come to realize the Lean Start Up approach is the best way to start and scale a business.
Our team includes Vuyisa Qabaka, one of Sedi's Directors and a business leader in the SME field (he also writes an article every Monday for the Cape Times, Business Times) and also a leader in the area of Lean Startups, Renstan White (a director of Sedi), a business coach and mentor, Dean Cannel, CEO of Entrepreneur Traction (which is a Shareholder in Sedi) and John Volkwyn (CEO of SEDI, SEAT Academy; CFO of Banting Xpress, Good Better Best Tuition Services, Thembani FFH Solutions and Starz English Academy). We work from Cape Town, but also nationally and internationally. We have a practical understanding of the challenges, eco-systems and funding challenges (and opportunities) SME's have; in Cape Town and South Africa. All our businesses apply the Lean Startup approach.
If you are not from Cape Town, we are able to offer the entire programme online (except the 2 day workshops), including Skype appointments for those interested in the R3 000 per month one-on-one programme. You cannot go beyond the level of the knowledge you acquire and apply. You cannot approach new challenges with an old mindset. And...some things, you cannot achieve on your own.
Professionally delivered classroom based training courses.
On-going consulting to maintain & sharpen your skills.
Providing innovative ERP software to improve your business.
based on your specific needs assessment.
to provide an ideal learning experience for you and your staff.


Introducing the SINGER® LEGACY™ C440 sewing machine - loaded with great features, while still easy to use! There are 200 built-in stitch patterns including satin stitches, stretch stitches, decorative stitches, quilting & heirloom stitches. Your selected stitch displays on the large LCD Touch Screen.
You can mirror image, as well as adjust stitch length, width and density, providing even more creative options. Also included are alpha-numeric stitch patterns, which can even be used in combination with decorative stitches to create unique stitch sequences, then saved in one of the machine's built-in memories. 3 STAYBRIGHT™ LED Lights illuminate the sewing area.
The Top Drop-in Bobbin is not only easy to use, it has a clear cover so you can monitor your thread supply while sewing. Sew up to 800 stitches per minute or set the maximum sewing speed you want with the Speed Control feature. An Extra-Large Sewing Space makes it easy to sew quilts and other larger projects. Drop Feed allows you to lower feed teeth for free-motion sewing like stipple quilting, free-motion monogramming and more. Trim threads with a touch, using the conveniently located Thread Cutter Button.
The right stitch for any project! Basic Stitches, Stretch Stitches, Decorative Stitches, Satin Stitches, Elongation Stitches, Quilting Stitches, Heirloom Stitches and a variety of Buttonhole styles.
Most basic stitch patterns are selected with a simple touch of a button.
Personalize projects with built-in lettering. You can even combine lettering and decorative stitches to create custom stitch sequences.
Your selected stitch is displayed on the LCD screen. Stitch adjustments can be viewed on screen while you make them, so you can preview your edits before you sew. Screen brightness can be adjusted as desired.
Buttonholes are sewn in one easy step. Place your button in the foot, and the machine sews a buttonhole perfectly sized for your button. The Underplate holds your fabric securely in place. Consistent results every time!
A wide selection of buttonhole styles from which to choose: Bartack, Keyhole, Round End, Decorative, Stretch and more.
Conveniently located, press this button to cut the top and bobbin threads - a great time saver.
Operate the machine easily without the foot control, if desired.
Sew at your own speed! Set it to sew slower for more detailed work or faster for long seams or free-motion sewing. Maximum sewing speed is 800 stitches per minute.
See your sewing and embroidery area more clearly.
Set the machine to have the needle stop in either the up or down position. A must-have for applique, quilting, topstitching and more.
Customize your selected stitch pattern via the LCD touch screen.
Easily thread the eye of the needle.
Stitch patterns can be mirrored side to side or top to bottom.
Wide needle-to-tower area makes it easier to manage larger projects. Work area measures 7 7/8 inches (200mm).
Easily insert the bobbin and monitor your thread supply while sewing.
Select the size of twin needle you want to use from the Settings Menu on the LCD screen, and the machine will automatically adjust stitch width of your selected stitch for you.
Disengage feed teeth for free-motion sewing such as stipple quilting or thread painting, as well as for button sewing.
Introduction to SINGER® LEGACY™ C440 Sewing Machine - Your Machine. Watch a brief introduction of the new SINGER® LEGACY™ C440 sewing machine.
Owners Guide for SINGER® LEGACY™ C440 Sewing Machine - Your Machine. Watch a brief introduction of the new SINGER® LEGACY™ C440 sewing machine.
Flip UP Top for Stitch Display and Threading. 200 BUILT-IN STITCHES/ The right stitch: easier sewing with better results.
Singer is Sewing and Quilting! EXTRA LARGE SEWING SPACE. Wider needle-to-tower area makes it easier to manage projects.
Plenty of Quilting Stitches to choose from.
AUTOMATIC FEATURES. Adjust sewing speed, program needle up/down, automatically tie off a line of stitching, and cut your thread all with the touch of a button.
3 STAYBRIGHT LED LIGHTS See your sewing and embroidery area more clearly.
9 SNAP-ON PRESSER FEET. A foot for almost any project is included! Change from one foot to another effortlessly.
AUTOMATIC NEEDLE THREADER Sewing's biggest timesaver!


text:
2016 - "The Holy See's Higher Education Policy from St. John Paul II to Pope Francis"
Remick Commons, Visitation Hall
Rev. Friedrich Bechina, F.S.O., undersecretary of the Congregation for Catholic Education, was invited to give the 2016 Keeley Vatican Lecture. He delivered a lecture entitled "The Holy See's Higher Education Policy from St. John Paul II to Pope Francis." Father Bechina has since 2005 managed the Congregation for Catholic Education's international activities in the area of higher education and represented the Holy See in relevant organizations and international initiatives.
A native of Vienna, Father Bechina served as in officer in the Austrian army and studied economics, philosophy and theology in Vienna and later at the Gregorian Pontifical University in Rome, from which he earned a doctoral degree in 1997 for his prize-winning doctoral thesis, "The Church as the Family of God."
After years serving in parishes in Austrian Diocese of Feldkirch, Father Bechina was appointed to the Congregation for Catholic Education, and in 2013 became its undersecretary. Jointly responsible for more than 2,500 Catholic institutions of higher education, Father Bechina has since 2005 managed the congregation's international activities in the area of higher education and represented the Holy See in relevant organizations and international initiatives.
Deepening Notre Dame's connection to the Holy See, the annual Terrence R. Keeley Vatican Lecture provides the Notre Dame community with the opportunity to interact with distinguished representatives from the Holy See and significant dioceses of Europe. Past lecturers have included Cardinal Angelo Amato, Cardinal Walter Kasper, Cardinal Reinhard Marx, Archbishop Jean-Louis Bruguès, Archbishop Salvatore Fisichella and Archbishop Charles J. Brown, Apostolic nuncio to Ireland. The lecture is sponsored by the Nanovic Institute for European Studies, an integral part of the new Keough School of Global Affairs.
Event details | Photo gallery | Press release


text:
Gas-fired overhead luminous radiant heaters for non-domestic use - Safety and energy efficiency
M/BC/CEN/89/6
This European Standard specifies the requirements and test methods for the construction, safety, rational use of energy, classification and marking of non-domestic gas-fired overhead luminous radiant heaters for environmental comfort, referred to in the body of the text as "appliances".
This European Standard is applicable to Type A1 and Type A3 appliances only (see 4.2.2) intended for use in other than residential dwellings:
a) low gas pressure appliances operating at pressures up to and including 50 mbar;
b) medium gas pressure appliances operating at pressures above 50 mbar and up to 2 bar.
This European Standard is not applicable to:
- appliances designed for use in domestic dwellings;
- outdoor appliances;
- appliances of heat input in excess of 120 kW (based on the net calorific value of the appropriate reference gas);
This standard is applicable to appliances which are intended to be type tested.
Gasbefeuerte Hellstrahlerheizgeräte für gewerbliche und industrielle Anwendungen - Sicherheit und Energieeffizienz
Dieses Dokument legt die Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren im Hinblick auf die Konstruktion, Sicherheit, rationelle Energienutzung, Klassifizierung und Kennzeichnung gasbefeuerter Hellstrahler für gewerbliche und industrielle Anwendung (im folgenden Text als "Geräte" bezeichnet) fest.
Dieses Dokument gilt nur für Geräte der Typen A1 und A3 (siehe 4.2.2) für die Anwendung in Räumlichkeiten, die keine Wohnungen sind:
a) Niederdruckgeräte mit Betriebsdrücken bis einschließlich 50 mbar;
b) für Mitteldruckgeräte mit Betriebsdrücken über 50 mbar bis zu 2 bar.
Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für:
- Geräte, die für eine Verwendung in Wohnungen gedacht sind;
- Geräte, die für eine Verwendung im Freien gedacht sind;
- Geräte mit einer Wärmebelastung über 120 kW (bezogen auf den Heizwert des jeweiligen Normprüfgases).
Dieses Dokument ist anwendbar für Geräte, die für eine Typprüfung vorgesehen sind.
Appareils surélevés de chauffage à rayonnement lumineux au gaz à usage non domestique - Sécurité et efficacité énergétique
La présente Norme européenne définit les exigences et les techniques d'essai relatives à la construction, la sécurité, l'utilisation rationnelle de l'énergie, la classification et le marquage des appareils surélevés de chauffage à rayonnement lumineux au gaz à usage non domestique pour le confort ambiant, appelés ci-après « appareils ».
La présente Norme européenne s'applique aux appareils de type A1 et de type A3 (voir 4.2.2) destinés à être utilisés ailleurs que dans les locaux résidentiels :
a) appareils à gaz basse pression fonctionnant à des pressions inférieures ou égales à 50 mbar ;
b) appareils à gaz moyenne pression fonctionnant à des pressions comprises entre 50 mbar et 2 bar.
La présente Norme européenne ne s'applique pas :
- aux appareils conçus pour des locaux domestiques ;
- aux appareils utilisés en plein air ;
- aux appareils dont le débit calorifique dépasse 120 kW (sur le pouvoir calorifique inférieur du gaz de référence approprié).
La présente norme s'applique aux appareils qui sont destinés à subir des essais de type.
Stropna plinska sevala z zgorevanjem na površini za gretje nestanovanjskih prostorov - Varnost in energijska učinkovitost
Ta evropski standard določa zahteve in preskusne metode za izdelavo, varnost, racionalno rabo energije, razvrščanje in označevanje stropnih plinskih seval z zgorevanjem na površini za gretje nestanovanjskih prostorov (v telesu besedila imenovanih »aparati«).
Ta evropski standard se uporablja samo za aparate tipa A1 in tipa A3 (glej 4.2.2), ki so namenjeni za uporabo v nestanovanjskih prostorih:
a) aparate z nizkim tlakom plina, ki delujejo pri tlakih do vključno 50 mbar;
b) aparate s srednjim tlakom plina, ki delujejo pri tlakih nad 50 mbar do vključno 2 mbar.
Ta evropski standard se ne uporablja za:
– aparate, zasnovane za uporabo v stanovanjskih prostorih;
– aparate za uporabo na prostem;
– aparate, pri katerih nazivna moč presega 120 kW (na podlagi neto kalorične vrednosti ustreznega referenčnega preskusnega plina).
Ta standard se uporablja za aparate, predvidene za tipski preskus.
97.100.20 - Gas heaters
CEN/TC 180 - Non-domestic gas-fired overhead radiant heaters
CEN/TC 180/WG 1 - Non-domestic gas-fired overhead radiant tube and luminous heaters
2015/1188 - Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/1188 of 28 April 2015 implementing Directive 2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to ecodesign requirements for local space heaters
2016/426 - REGULATION (EU) 2016/426 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 9 March 2016 on appliances burning gaseous fuels and repealing Directive 2009/142/EC
M/550 - [C(2016) 7772 final] Ecodesign and energy labelling of local space heaters
M/BC/CEN/89/6 - Standardization request to CEN concerning appliances burning gaseous fuels
SIST EN 419:2020 - Gas-fired overhead luminous radiant heaters for non-domestic use - Safety and energy efficiency
EN 419-2:2006 - Non-domestic gas-fired overhead luminous radiant heaters - Part 2: Rational use of energy
EN 419-1:2009 - Non-domestic gas-fired overhead luminous radiant heaters - Part 1: Safety
SIST EN 419:2020
01-januar-2020
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 419-1:2009
Stropna plinska sevala z zgorevanjem na površini za gretje nestanovanjskih
prostorov - Varnost in energijska učinkovitost
Gas-fired overhead luminous radiant heaters for non-domestic use - Safety and energy
Sicherheit und Energieeffizienz gasbefeuerter Hellstrahlungsheizgeräte für
nichthäusliche Einsatzbereiche
Appareils surélevés de chauffage à rayonnement lumineux au gaz à usage non
domestique - Sécurité et efficacité énergétique
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 419:2019
97.100.20 Plinski grelniki Gas heaters
SIST EN 419:2020 en,fr,de
ICS 97.100.20 Supersedes EN 419-1:2009, EN 419-2:2006
Gas-fired overhead luminous radiant heaters for non-
domestic use - Safety and energy efficiency
Appareils surélevés de chauffage à rayonnement Gasbefeuerte Hellstrahlerheizgeräte für gewerbliche
lumineux au gaz à usage non domestique - Sécurité et und industrielle Anwendungen - Sicherheit und
efficacité énergétique Energieeffizienz
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 August 2019.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 419:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
EN 419:2019 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword ............................................................................................................................... 5
1 Scope ............................................................................................................................................ 6
2 Normative references ............................................................................................................ 6
3 Terms and definitions ........................................................................................................... 7
3.1 Appliance and its constituent parts .................................................................................. 7
3.2 Adjusting, control and safety devices .............................................................................. 9
3.3 Operation of the appliance ............................................................................................... 11
3.4 Gases ......................................................................................................................................... 14
3.5 Conditions of operation and measurement ................................................................ 15
3.6 Energy efficiency .................................................................................................................. 18
3.7 Country of destination ........................................................................................................ 19
3.8 Symbols .................................................................................................................................... 19
4 Classification of appliances .............................................................................................. 22
4.1 Classification of gases and categories ........................................................................... 22
4.2 Classification according to the mode of evacuation of the combustion products
..................................................................................................................................................... 22
5 Constructional requirements .......................................................................................... 23
5.1 General ..................................................................................................................................... 23
5.2 Requirements for adjusting, control and safety devices........................................ 27
5.3 Ignition devices ..................................................................................................................... 31
5.4 Main burner ........................................................................................................................... 32
5.5 Pressure test points ............................................................................................................. 32
5.6 Injectors ................................................................................................................................... 32
6 Operational requirements ................................................................................................ 32
6.1 Test methods.......................................................................................................................... 32
6.2 Soundness of the gas circuit ............................................................................................. 38
6.3 Heat inputs ............................................................................................................................. 39
6.4 Pressure regulator ............................................................................................................... 41
6.5 Limiting temperatures ....................................................................................................... 41
6.6 Ignition, cross-lighting and flame stability ................................................................. 43
6.7 Combustion............................................................................................................................. 47
6.8 Determination of electrical power consumption ..................................................... 53
7 Radiant Efficiency ................................................................................................................ 54
7.2 General principle of the measurement and calculation of radiant factor ....... 54
7.3 Test room ................................................................................................................................ 54
7.4 Test equipment ..................................................................................................................... 55
7.5 Test procedure ...................................................................................................................... 58
7.6 Calculation of radiant factor ............................................................................................ 60
7.7 Test report .............................................................................................................................. 63
8 Requirements of energy efficiency (rational use of energy) ................................ 63
8.2 Seasonal energy efficiency ................................................................................................ 64
9 Risk assessment .................................................................................................................... 66
10 Marking and instructions .................................................................................................. 67
10.1 Marking of the appliance and the packaging ............................................................. 67
10.2 Instructions ............................................................................................................................ 69
10.3 Presentation ........................................................................................................................... 73
10.4 Information Requirements of Local Space Heaters ................................................. 73
Annex A (informative) National situations ................................................................................ 74
A.1 General ..................................................................................................................................... 74
A.2 Gas rate adjusters, aeration adjusters and regulators ........................................... 74
A.3 Conversion to different gases .......................................................................................... 74
A.4 Gas connections in the various countries .................................................................... 74
Annex B (informative) Equivalence rules ................................................................................... 76
B.1 Conversion to categories within a restricted Wobbe index range ..................... 76
B.2 Conversion to categories within an identical Wobbe index range ..................... 76
B.3 Conversion to categories within a wider Wobbe index range ............................. 77
Annex C (informative) Identification of the types of gas in use in the various countries
Annex D (normative) Special national conditions .................................................................. 80
Annex E (normative) Calculation of conversions of NO ....................................................... 81
E.1 NO emission conversion factors .................................................................................... 81
E.2 NO conversion calculation ............................................................................................... 82
Annex F (informative) National situations of countries whose national bodies are CEN
associate members .............................................................................................................. 84
Annex G (informative) Radiometer design ................................................................................ 85
G.1 Principle radiometer design features ........................................................................... 85
G.2 Radiometer technical design ........................................................................................... 86
G.3 Pyro-electric detector ......................................................................................................... 86
G.4 Ulbricht Sphere ..................................................................................................................... 86
Annex H (informative) Radiometer calibration ....................................................................... 89
H.1 Radiometer calibration procedure ................................................................................ 89
H.2 Black body calibration equipment and procedure .................................................. 89
H.2.1 General ..................................................................................................................................... 89
H.2.2 Temperature calibration at reference condition ..................................................... 90
H.2.3 Temperature calibration at higher temperatures ................................................... 91
H.2.4 Calibration calculation ....................................................................................................... 92
H.3 Calibration procedure in detail, presented as a worked example ..................... 93
H.3.1 Calibration Measurements ............................................................................................... 93
H.3.2 Selecting the average readings ........................................................................................ 94
H.3.3 Determination of the 1/S sensitivity per temperature .......................................... 94
H.3.4 Determining the 1/S sensitivity of the radiometer .................................................. 95
H.3.5 Documentation of calibration results ........................................................................... 95
Annex I (normative) Correction of measured radiant output for absorption by H O
and CO ..................................................................................................................................... 99
I.1 General ..................................................................................................................................... 99
I.2 Calculation method ............................................................................................................101
Annex J (informative) Radiant heat output data - Recording of results ........................102
J.1 General information to be recorded ...........................................................................102
J.1.1 Test and appliance data ...................................................................................................102
J.1.2 Radiometer technical data ..............................................................................................102
J.1.3 Measuring plane technical data ....................................................................................102
J.1.4 Measurement results ........................................................................................................103
J.1.5 Test information .................................................................................................................103
J.1.6 Test ambient conditions ..................................................................................................103
J.1.7 Gas/heat input data ...........................................................................................................103
J.1.8 Flue gas data .........................................................................................................................104
J.1.9 Absorption of water vapour and CO ..........................................................................104
J.1.10 Irradiation measurement data ......................................................................................104
Annex K (informative) Worked example ..................................................................................105
K.1 General information ..........................................................................................................105
K.2 Radiometer technical data ..............................................................................................105
K.3 Measuring plane technical data ....................................................................................105
K.4 Measurement results ........................................................................................................106
K.4.1 Test information .................................................................................................................106
K.4.2 Test ambient conditions ..................................................................................................106
K.4.3 Gas/heat input data ...........................................................................................................106
K.4.4 Flue gas data .........................................................................................................................107
K.4.5 Absorption of water vapour and CO data .................................................................107
K.4.6 Irradiation measurement data ......................................................................................107
Annex L (normative) Product information required ...........................................................108
Annex M (normative) Accepted heat input deviation ..........................................................109
M.1 General ...................................................................................................................................109
Annex N (normative) Uncertainty of measurements ...........................................................110
Annex O (informative) Different types of heat input control ............................................112
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the
ecodesign requirements of Commission Regulation (EU) No 2015/1188 aimed
to be covered ........................................................................................................................113
Bibliography .......................................................................................................................................114
European foreword
This document (EN 419:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 180
"Decentralized gas heating", the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2020, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2020.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the
subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
This document supersedes EN 419-1:2009 and EN 419-2:2006.
Aspects of safety and energy efficiency of appliances are brought together. Significant changes of
the new document compared to the earlier standards are: incorporation recent state of the art of
luminous heaters, incorporation of medium gas pressure appliances for industrial use, unique
and more detailed description of method to determine radiant factor, incorporating terms and
calculation scheme of Ecodesign Regulation (EU) No. 2015/1188.
The test gases, test pressures and appliance categories given in this European Standard are in
accordance with those specified in EN 437:2018.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of
EC Directive(s).
For relationship with EC Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
1 Scope
This document specifies the requirements and test methods for the construction, safety, rational
use of energy, classification and marking of non-domestic gas-fired overhead luminous radiant
heaters for environmental comfort, referred to in the body of the text as "appliances".
This document is applicable to Type A and Type A appliances only (see 4.2.2) intended for use
in other than residential dwellings:
This document is not applicable to:
— appliances designed for use in domestic dwellings;
— outdoor appliances;
— appliances of heat input in excess of 120 kW (based on the net calorific value of the
appropriate reference gas);
This document is applicable to appliances which are intended to be type tested.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
EN 88-1:2011+A1:2016, Pressure regulators and associated safety devices for gas appliances - Part
1: Pressure regulators for inlet pressures up to and including 50 kPa
EN 88-2:2007, Pressure regulators and associated safety devices for gas appliances - Part 2:
Pressure regulators for inlet pressures above 500 mbar up to and including 5 bar
EN 125:2010+A1:2015, Flame supervision devices for gas burning appliances - Thermoelectric
flame supervision devices
EN 126:2012, Multifunctional controls for gas burning appliances
EN 161:2011+A3:2013, Automatic shut-off valves for gas burners and gas appliances
EN 298:2012, Automatic burner control systems for burners and appliances burning gaseous or
EN 437:2018, Test gases - Test pressures - Appliance categories
EN 1057:2006+A1:2010, Copper and copper alloys - Seamless, round copper tubes for water and
gas in sanitary and heating applications
EN 1106:2010, Manually operated taps for gas burning appliances
EN 10226-1:2004, Pipe threads where pressure tight joints are made on the threads - Part 1: Taper
external threads and parallel internal threads - Dimensions, tolerances and designation
external threads and taper internal threads - Dimensions, tolerances and designation
EN 12067-2:2004, Gas/air ratio controls for gas burners and gas burning appliances - Part 2:
Electronic types
EN 13410:2001, Gas-fired overhead radiant heaters - Ventilation requirements for non-domestic
EN 13611:2019, Safety and control devices for burners and appliances burning gaseous and/or
liquid fuels - General requirements
EN 14459:2015, Safety and control devices for burners and appliances burning gaseous or liquid
fuels - Control functions in electronic systems - Methods for classification and assessment
EN 14800:2007, Corrugated safety metal hose assemblies for the connection of domestic appliances
using gaseous fuels
EN 60335-1:2012, Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Part 1: General
EN 60335-2-102:2016, Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Part 2-102: Particular
requirements for gas, oil and solid-fuel burning appliances having electrical connections
EN 60529:1991, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
ISO 7-1:1994, Pipe threads where pressure-tight joints are made on the threads — Part 1:
Dimensions, tolerances and designation
EN ISO 228-1:2003, Pipe threads where pressure-tight joints are not made on the threads - Part 1:
Dimensions, tolerances and designation (ISO 228-1:2000)
EN ISO 3166-1:2014, Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions -
Part 1: Country codes (ISO 3166-1:2013)
EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration
laboratories (ISO/IEC 17025:2005)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1 Appliance and its constituent parts
overhead luminous radiant heater
gas-fired appliance intended for installation at a height above head level, which is designed to
heat the space beneath by radiation and in which the heat is produced by means of burning the
fuel at or near the outer surface of a material such as a ceramic plaque or gauze, or by means of a
burner heating a gauze or similar material
atmospheric burner
aerated burner in which the air for combustion is entrained at atmospheric pressure
inlet connection
part of the appliance intended to be connected to the gas supply
mechanical joint
means of ensuring the soundness of an assembly of several (generally metallic) parts without the
use of liquids, pastes, tapes, etc
Note 1 to entry: For example the following:
a) metal to metal joints;
b) conical joints;
c) toroidal sealing rings ("O" rings);
d) flat joints.
gas circuit
part of the appliance that conveys or contains the gas between the appliance gas inlet connection
and the burner(s)
restrictor
device with an orifice, which is placed in the gas circuit so as to create a pressure drop and thus
reduce the gas pressure at the burner to a predetermined value for a given supply pressure and
gas rate adjuster
component allowing to set the gas rate of the burner to a predetermined value according to the
supply conditions
Note 1 to entry: Adjustment can be progressive (screw adjuster) or in discrete steps (by changing
restrictors).
Note 2 to entry: The adjusting screw of an adjustable regulator is regarded as a gas rate adjuster.
Note 3 to entry: The action of adjusting this device is called "adjusting the gas rate".
Note 4 to entry: A factory sealed gas rate adjuster is considered to be non-existent.
Note 5 to entry: Immobilizing a gas rate adjuster by means as e.g. a screw is called "setting an adjuster".
Note 6 to entry: Arrangement in respect of the adjuster such that any attempt to change the adjustment
breaks the sealing device or sealing material and makes this interference apparent is called "sealing an
adjuster".
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
Note 7 to entry: A gas rate adjuster is considered to be non-existent if it has been factory sealed in a
position such that it is not operational in the range of supply pressures corresponding to the appliance
Note 8 to entry: Putting an adjuster or a control (of temperature, pressure, etc.) out of action and sealing
it in this position is called "putting an adjuster or a control out of service"; the appliance functions as if the
adjuster or control had been removed.
component that admits the gas into a burner
main burner
burner that is intended to ensure the thermal function of the appliance
Note 1 to entry: Main burner is generally called "the burner"
ignition burner
burner whose flame is intended to ignite another burner
ignition device
means (e.g. flame, electrical ignition device or other device) used to ignite the gas at the ignition
burner or at the main burner
primary aeration adjuster
device enabling the primary air to be set at the necessary value according to the supply conditions
low gas pressure appliance
appliance operating at gas pressures up to and including 50 mbar
medium gas pressure appliance
appliance operating at gas pressures above 50 mbar and up to 2 bar
3.2 Adjusting, control and safety devices
automatic burner control system
system comprising a programming unit and all the elements of a flame detector device
Note 1 to entry: The various functions of an automatic burner control system may be in one or more
housings.
programming unit
device which executes the programme reacting to signals from control and safety devices, gives
control commands, controls the start-up sequence, supervises the burner operation and causes
controlled shut-down, and, if necessary, safety shut-down and lock-out
Note 1 to entry: The programming unit follows a predetermined sequence of actions and always
operates in conjunction with a flame detector. Such a sequence of operations involving switching on,
starting up, supervising and switching off the burner is called "programme".
device by which the pre
Domestic and non-domestic gas-fired forced convection air heaters for space heating not exceeding a net heat input of 300 kW
This document specifies the requirements and test methods for the safety and efficiency of gas fired air heaters with or without a fan to assist the transportation of combustion air and/or flue gases, hereafter referred to as "appliances".
This standard also applies to warm air heaters having forced draught burners.
This European Standard applies to Type A2, A3 appliances, with an input not exceeding 300 kW (net CV basis), intended for non-domestic use.
This European Standard also applies to Type B11, B11AS, B11BS, B12, B12AS, B12BS, B13, B13AS, B13BS, B14, B14AS, B14BS, B22, B23, B41, B41AS, B41BS, B42, B42AS, B42BS, B43, B43AS, B43BS, B44, B44AS, B44BS, B52, B53, C11, C12, C13, C21, C31, C32, C33, C41, C62 and C63 appliances with an input not exceeding 300 kW (net CV basis), intended for domestic and non-domestic use.
Provision of the heated air may be by means of ducting.
This European Standard does not apply to:
a) dual purpose air conditioning appliances (heating and cooling);
b) appliances where the air is heated by an intermediate fluid;
c) portable or transportable forced convection appliances;
d) appliances fitted with manual or automatic means of adjusting the combustion products evacuation by means of flue dampers;
e) appliances having multiple heating units with a single draught diverter;
f) appliances fitted with more than one flue outlet;
g) appliances fitted with gas boosters;
h) C21 and C41 appliances for 3rd family gases.
NOTE For C41 appliances, see all requirements and test methods that are valid for C21 appliances, unless otherwise stated.
This European Standard is not intended to cover appliances projected for connection to gas grids where the quality of the distributed gas is likely to vary to a large extent over the lifetime of the appliance.
This European Standard is applicable to appliances which are intended to be type tested.
2009/142/EC
2016/426/EU
EN 416:2019(Main)
Gas-fired overhead radiant tube heaters and radiant tube heater systems for non-domestic use - Safety and energy efficiency
This European Standard specifies the requirements and test methods for the construction, safety, classification, marking and efficiency of non-domestic gas-fired overhead radiant tube heaters incorporating a single burner and multiple burner systems (referred to in the body of the text as the "system") with each burner unit under the control of an automatic burner control system.
For radiant tube heaters incorporating a single burner, this standard is applicable to Type A2, A3, B12, B13, B22, B23, B42, B43, B52, B53, C12, C13, C32, C33, C52 and C53 appliances intended for use in other than domestic dwellings, in which the supply of combustion air and/or the evacuation of the products of combustion is achieved by mechanical means located upstream of the draught diverter, if provided.
For radiant tube heater systems incorporating multiple tube heater segments, this standard is applicable to Type B52, B52x, B53 and B53x systems intended for use in other than domestic dwellings, in which the supply of combustion air and/or the evacuation of the products of combustion is achieved by mechanical means.
This standard also includes appliances incorporating a secondary heat exchanger in the flue system.
This standard is not applicable to:
a) appliances designed for use in domestic dwelling;
b) outdoor appliances;
c) appliances where the heat input of any individual burner unit is in excess of 120 kW (based on the net calorific value of the appropriate reference test gas);
d) appliances having combustion products evacuation ducts that are non-metallic in the flue system - except ducts downstream of a possible additional condensing exhaust gas heat exchanger.
In addition, for heater systems incorporating multiple tube heaters this standard is not applicable to:
e) appliances and systems that are designed for continuous condensation within the flue system under normal operating conditions - except downstream a possible additional exhaust gas heat exchanger.
This standard is applicable to systems which are intended to be type tested.
Gas-fired overhead radiant strip heaters and multi-burner continuous radiant tube heater systems for non-domestic use - Safety and energy efficiency
This document specifies the requirements and test methods for the construction, safety, classification, marking and efficiency of non-domestic gas-fired overhead radiant strips heaters and multi-burner continuous radiant tube heater systems (referred to in the body of the text as the "system") with each burner unit under the control of an automatic burner control system.
For radiant strip heaters incorporating a single burner, this standard is applicable to Type B22, B23, B52, B53, C12, C13, C32, C33 C52 and C53 appliances intended for use in other than domestic dwellings, in which the supply of combustion air and/or the evacuation of the products of combustion is achieved by mechanical means.
For multi-burner continuous radiant tube heater systems this standard is applicable to type B22, B52, and C52 appliances intended for use in other than domestic dwellings, in which the supply of combustion air and/or the evacuation of the products of combustion is achieved by mechanical means.
c) radiant strip heaters where the heat input is in excess of 300 KW (based on the net calorific value of the appropriate reference test gas);
d) continuous radiant tube heater systems where the heat input of any individual burner unit is in excess of 70 kW (based on the net calorific value of the appropriate reference test gas);
e) appliances having combustion products evacuation ducts that are non-metallic in the flue system – except ducts downstream of a possible additional condensing exhaust gas heat exchanger.
f) appliances that are designed for continuous condensation within the flue system under normal operating conditions – except downstream a possible additional exhaust gas heat exchanger.
EN 13410:2001/AC:2002(Corrigendum)
Gas-fired overhead radiant heaters - Ventilation requirements for non-domestic premises
SIST EN 13410:2002/AC:2004
TC - Foreword, 3rd paragraph to be slightly amended
English, French and German language
This European Standard specifies the requirements for the ventilation of non-domestic premises where gas-fired radiant heaters complying with EN 416-1:1999 or EN 419-1:1999 are installed and operated.
This European Standard is applicable to type A appliances (see 3.2).
Specification for dedicated liquefied petroleum gas appliances - Parasol patio heaters - Flueless radiant heaters for outdoor or amply ventilated area use
This European standard specifies the design, safety and marking requirements and test methods for flueless patio heaters for outdoor or amply ventilated area use only.
These appliances are for use exclusively with gases of the third family as defined in Clause 4.
This European standard applies to appliances that have a nominal heat input not exceeding 17 kW (based on the gross calorific value), supplied with a maximum inlet pressure of 50 mbar:
- fixed or,
- movable, including those which comprise a housing for a transportable and rechargeable liquefied petroleum gas cylinder.
This European standard does not apply to appliances equipped with a fan for either combustion or circulation of the convection air.
This European standard does not cover LPG containers for liquefied petroleum gas, their associated regulator, tubing and flexible hoses used for gas supply of appliances covered by this European standard. Regulator, tubing and flexible hoses are covered by others standards (EN 16129, EN 16436-1 and prEN 16436-2, etc.) and national regulations.
This European standard does not lay down any specific requirements for the thermal efficiency of this type of appliances, but the requirements relating to combustion, which is a safety matter, ensure that the gas fuel will burn efficiently. However a method to measure the performance is described in informative Annex B.
Safety and control devices for burners and appliances burning gaseous or liquid fuels - Control functions in electronic systems - Temperature Control function
This European Standard specifies the safety, design, construction and performance requirements for Temperature Control Function (TCF) and Combustion Product Discharge Safety Device (TTB) intended for use with burners and appliances using gaseous or liquid fuels.
It also describes the test procedures for checking compliance with these requirements.
This European Standard is applicable to AC and DC supplied TCF and TTB (for TCF and TTB supplied by stand-alone battery system, battery systems for mobile applications or systems which are intended to be connected to DC supply networks, see Annex I).
This European Standard is applicable to electronically based TTB and TCF only.
CEN/TC 58


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