WOW. Can we just say it; how gorgeous is Downton Abbey's Anna (Joanne Froggatt) looking on this particular Monday morning? Last week, with Lady Edith, we photographed an upstairs character in a downstairs situation, and this week we did the opposite. We're evolving, stepping into a newer more modern age, which is the theme of the show this season, so yeah, we're pretty on the nose.
My ideal food day would be a yogurt and banana smoothie with seeds for breakfast, sushi for lunch, and a kale salad with roasted root vegetables, beetroot, and goat cheese for dinner with some dark chocolate for a treat.
I try to eat healthily. I drink plenty of water and try to drink vegetable juices and/or eat plenty of vegetables. Like most people, I have good days and bad days. If I'm busy or traveling, it's sometimes hard to eat the right things, but I do feel better when I'm getting lots of vitamins and nutrients in my diet. I go to the gym on average three times a week and if I'm tired, I get an early night. I think we all struggle with the work life balance no matter what the job; the main thing I try and do is to pay attention to what my body needs. If I'm feeling tired, then maybe an early night is more beneficial than forcing myself to go to the gym.
What's been your most memorable scene to shoot thus far on Downton Abbey and why?
One of the most memorable scenes I've shot on Downton was the scene with Mrs. Hughes directly after Anna was attacked by Mr. Green. I felt a huge responsibility to give the most honest performance I could. It was a very sensitive storyline, which I knew viewers would be shocked by, and I wanted to portray the scenes to the best of my ability.
Well, I couldn't possibly give away my castmate's secrets! However, many of the cast have other talents as well as acting. Elizabeth McGovern has a band called Sadie and The Hot Heads and people who haven't seen her sing before are always very surprised to see "Lady Grantham" on stage. Michelle Dockery has a beautiful singing voice, as do Sophie McShera and Lesley Nicol, who have both starred in musicals. And Jim Carter is a brilliant juggler and magician.
My biggest discovery about playing Anna would be the lack of choice women had in those times.
Did anything surprise you reading the script and coming into this season?
There are so many surprises in the script for this season, but I can't tell as it would spoil it!
Are you similar to your character? Why or why not?
I always say Anna is the type of person we would all like as a best friend, so I hope I share her loyalty and empathy.
Any pre and post shoot routines? What are they?
My pre shoot routine is just to do my homework and concentrate on my lines and any research I may need to do. My post shoot routine is to go and get my nails done, have my hair colored and have a spray tan!
Go to snacks on set….
I take oat cakes or raw nuts and fruit for an on set snack. I do sometimes cave in and have some chocolate though.
Do you like to cook? What are some of your go-to recipes?
I can put a meal together but I'm not a great cook. I do like to eat nutritious meals. I'm always giving my husband weird green juices that I've concocted which are "good for him." I do love making homemade soups too.
I do love to travel and I'm lucky because I get to travel a lot with work. I love to go to new countries and experience different cultures (and sample the cuisine!). I never travel without sunscreen (even in the snow, the sun can be strong).
What are your favorite cities for food? What restaurants do you like in each?
Some of my favourite cities for food are Sydney; Sydney rock oysters are the best. In Budapest, I went to a lovely Russian restaurant called Arany Kaviar. In Bilbao, Spain I went to a wonderful restaurant called Restaurante Etxanobe. I love Paris, London, New York, and Los Angeles. Nobu in Malibu is the best sushi I've ever had.
Marilyn Monroe, Marlon Brando, Winston Churchill, Stephen Fry and John Lennon. I'd get someone else to cook (so it was edible) and if it was a summer evening we'd sit outside.
*Joanne Froggatt, photographed at Ladurée in New York, NY by Danielle Kosann.


What Happened to Medicare in 2015?
Medicare is the financial cornerstone of how tens of millions of American retirees handle their healthcare costs, and 2015 brought some challenges to the Medicare system that initially threatened to have a huge financial impact on a large group of Medicare participants. Let's take a closer look at some of the key things that happened to Medicare in 2015 as well as the effects they'll have on your Medicare benefits in the future.
A last-minute deal lessens the blow of 2016 premium increasesMedicare participants pay a monthly premium for Part B medical coverage, and those premiums are tied to the costs that the Medicare program incurs in providing for its participants. During 2015, the Medicare Trustees Report announced that a substantial increase in Medicare costs would require a larger than normal increase in premiums to take effect at the beginning of 2016.
The problem, though, is that another law prevented the majority of Medicare participants from paying higher premium costs. Medicare law prohibits increases in premiums when there is no cost-of-living adjustment to Social Security benefits, and low inflation during the appropriate measuring period led to the elimination of the COLA for 2016. Because this law only covers about 70% of Medicare participants, the other 30% faced a premium increase that could have raised costs by more than half from 2015 levels.
The Medicare deal still includes a sizable premium increase, with those participants who aren't protected under the cost-of-living adjustment rule seeing a 16% rise in their costs from $104.90 per month in 2015 to $121.80 per month in 2016. In the future, Medicare participants will slowly pay back the cost of the foregone premium revenue that the government gave up by raising premiums by a smaller amount than the law otherwise called for.
Repeal of the sustainable growth rate formula for Medicare ends annual budget woesFor years, lawmakers have struggled with the budget implications of Medicare. In April, the repeal of what was known as the sustainable growth rate formula finally put an end to an annual practice on Capitol Hill of implementing stopgap measures to prevent the formula from taking effect.
The sustainable growth rate formula was passed about 20 years ago and sought to limit the amount of money that Medicare could spend. How it worked was that if total payments to doctors went over a set amount, the law required Medicare to cut reimbursement rates to doctors across the board.
Over time, Congress chose to take temporary action to prevent the provision from taking effect. As a result, the gap between actual doctor payments and what the reimbursement rules technically called for widened dramatically. If lawmakers hadn't come to a solution in 2015, then reimbursement rates would have had to fall by 21%.
Instead of doing a temporary measure, the reforms that lawmakers passed sets a new baseline. Moreover, although the potential for lower reimbursements still exists, most expect pay for doctors to rise under the new program. Incentive bonuses will also allow doctors to increase their compensation under certain circumstances.
Medicare turns 50Finally, the Medicare program celebrated its 50th anniversary during 2015. Since the mid-1960s, the program has seen some major changes, including the inclusion of younger Americans with disabilities, the establishment of the Medicare Advantage health maintenance organization program, and the creation of a prescription drug benefit under Medicare Part D that dramatically expanded the coverage of the program.
Looking ahead, Medicare's future remains uncertain. Medicare's trust fund for hospital care is expected to run out of money in 2030, according to this year's report from the Medicare trustees. Yet the Affordable Care Act has already had a huge impact on Medicare and could continue to do so in the future. In particular, as hospitals have fewer uninsured losses to deal with, their ability to weather potential future reductions in reimbursements should increase. Although the aging of the U.S. population will pose a short-term demographic problem, structural changes in healthcare have already gone a long way toward ensuring Medicare's viability well into the future.
Medicare is a key element of financial survival for its participants, and changes this year will have a dramatic impact not just now but for years to come. By understanding the importance of these Medicare reforms, you can prepare for your own healthcare needs in your retirement years.
The article What Happened to Medicare in 2015? originally appeared on Fool.com.


The lead detective on the hit CBS series "CSI: NY," Mac Taylor, is a pretty conventional television hero: like his colleagues on the two other "CSI" franchises, he uses science to follow the evidence and catch the bad guys.
But in the episode for Oct. 24, Taylor, played by Gary Sinise, finds himself entering the computer-based virtual world known as Second Life, walking (and sometimes flying) around three-dimensional, animated Manhattan landmarks, recreated by a technique called machinima, and pursuing not a suspect but an avatar.
Avatars and machinima? Virtual worlds? Is this really going to be on CBS, the network with a reputation as the somewhat stodgy older sibling of the broadcast-television family?
It is. CBS executives, aware of their need to attract a younger generation of viewers interested in interacting with television rather than just watching it, hatched the notion of a story line that involves Second Life, the virtual world in which members create fantasy characters for themselves — known as avatars — and engage in simulated adventures in a highly stylized animated environment populated by other enthusiasts.
It was an amorphous notion at best, but they knew exactly whom to call to execute it.
When Mr. Smith and several other CBS executives brought up the concept of working Second Life into "CSI: NY," Mr. Zuiker said he leapt at the chance, even though, at that point, all he knew about Second Life was what he had read about it in an article in Spirit, the in-flight magazine of Southwest Airlines, aboard a flight from his home in Las Vegas to his working base in Los Angeles. But he quickly got an introduction to Second Life from some technicians at Electric Sheep, the company that builds the fantasy worlds that the Second Life avatars inhabit.
Second Life, which claims almost 10 million members, but rarely has more than 40,000 present in the computer world at any one time, defines itself as "a 3D virtual world entirely built and owned by its residents," according to its Web site. It encourages members to explore, to meet others and then build a business or residence. The world has its own exchanges of business and even currency, which is "an in-world unit of trade, the linden dollar." Second Life has dabbled just slightly in television, with only the Showtime series "The L Word" having previously set up shop there with its characters.
The basic story for the "CSI: NY" episode was the easy part. Mr. Zuiker asked his writers to create a plot in which a young woman who looks like an avatar brought to life (as Mr. Zuiker put it: "Green hair, garish outfits, she looks kind of odd") becomes the target of a jealous competitor. The victim is the most popular character in the virtual world—"the Paris Hilton of Second Life" as Mr. Zuiker described her — and her killer sets out to assume her faux identity.
Mr. Zuiker said the plot would have Mac Taylor introduced to this new world by the younger members of his crime team. But then Taylor, using electronic clues to track the killer, would enter Second Life to chase the avatar. The tougher part was finding a way to extend the experience for the many viewers who, Mr. Zuiker knew from his work on several previous episodes, would be willing to follow the episode with some kind of interactivity online.
That challenge amounted to the briar patch for Mr. Zuiker, who spent his youth making up games of every description.
With all that gaming experience, Mr. Zuiker found the ideas flowing for how to inject some game-play into the Web site follow-up of the Second Life episode. He devised three levels of additional experiences for viewers of the episode to try, depending on how serious they want to be.
Mr. Zuiker said the first level of participation, the simplest, will allow viewers to walk around the representations of New York buildings and then visit a CSI lab, where they can play basic forensic games, like facial recognition.
The final stage of game play will allow "CSI" fans to become CSI investigators. They will receive a field kit and tools, get a chance to interview suspects and be given the opportunity to solve the murder featured in the episode. The final gimmick of that episode is that it will end in a cliffhanger: it will not be resolved until an episode in February.


P/Invoke wrappers for Wintab functions.
See Wintab_v140.doc (Wintab 1.4 spec) and related Wintab documentation for details.
This function closes and destroys the tablet context object.
hctx_I Identifies the context to be closed.
The function returns a non-zero value if the context was valid and was destroyed. Otherwise, it returns zero.
A This function copies all packets with Identifiers between pktIDStart_I and pktIDEnd_I inclusive from the context's queue to the passed buffer and removes them from the queue.
hctx_I Identifies the context whose packets are being returned.
pktIDStart_I Identifier of the oldest tablet event to return.
pktIDEnd_I Identifier of the newest tablet event to return.
pktBuf_O Buffer to receive the event packets.
numPkts_O Number of packets actually copied.
The return value is the total number of packets found in the queue between pktIDStart_I and pktIDEnd_I.
This function copies all packets with serial numbers between pktIDStart_I and pktIDEnd_I inclusive, from the context's queue to the passed buffer without removing them from the queue.
hctx_I Identifies the context whose packets are being read.
This function enables or disables a tablet context, temporarily turning on or off the processing of packets.
hctx_I Identifies the context to be enabled or disabled.
enable_I Specifies enabling if non-zero, disabling if zero.
The function returns true if the enable or disable request was satisfied.
This function retrieves any context-specific data for an extension.
hctx_I Identifies the context whose extension attributes are being retrieved.
extTag_I Identifies the extension tag for which context-specific data is being retrieved.
extData_O Points to a buffer to hold retrieved data (WTExtensionProperty).
This function sets any context-specific data for an extension.
hctx_I Identifies the context whose extension attributes are being modified.
extTag_I Identifies the extension tag for which context-specific data is being modified.
extData_I Points to the new data (WTExtensionProperty).
This function returns global information about the interface in an application-supplied buffer.
Different types of information are specified by different index arguments. Applications use this function to receive information about tablet coordinates, physical dimensions, capabilities, and cursor types.
wCategory_I Identifies the category from which information is being requested.
nIndex_I Identifies which information is being requested from within the category.
lpOutput_O Points to a buffer to hold the requested information.
The return value specifies the size of the returned information in bytes. If the information is not supported, the function returns zero. If a tablet is not physically present, this function always returns zero.
This function establishes an active context on the tablet.
On successful completion of this function, the application may begin receiving tablet events via messages (if they were requested), and may use the handle returned to poll the context, or to perform other context-related functions.
hWnd_I Identifies the window that owns the tablet context, and receives messages from the context.
logContext_I Points to an application-provided WintabLogContext data structure describing the context to be opened.
enable_I Specifies whether the new context will immediately begin processing input data.
The return value identifies the new context. It is NULL if the context is not opened.
This function sends a tablet context to the top or bottom of the order of overlapping tablet contexts.
hctx_I Identifies the context to move within the overlap order.
toTop_I Specifies sending the context to the top of the overlap order true, or to the bottom if false.
The function returns true if successful.
This function fills in the passed pktBuf_O buffer with the context event packet having the specified serial number.
The returned packet and any older packets are removed from the context's internal queue.
pktSerialNum_I Serial number of the tablet event to return.
pktBuf_O Buffer to receive the event packet.
The return value is true if the specified packet was found and returned. It is false if the specified packet was not found in the queue.
The return value is the number of packets copied in the buffer.
This function returns the identifiers of the oldest and newest packets currently in the queue.
hctx_I Identifies the context whose queue is being queried.
pktIDOldest_O Identifier of the oldest packet in the queue.
pktIDNewest_O Identifier of the newest packet in the queue.
This function returns bool if successful.
This function returns the number of packets the context's queue can hold.
hctx_I Identifies the context whose queue size is being returned.
The number of packets the queue can hold.
This function attempts to change the context's queue size to the value specified in nPkts_I.
hctx_I Identifies the context whose queue size is being set.
nPkts_I Specifies the requested queue size.
The return value is true if the queue size was successfully changed.


text:
North AmericaUSAKailua-Kona
Kailua-Kona attractions
Top Choice Beach in Kailua-Kona
Magic Sands Beach
This small but gorgeous beach (also called White Sands and, officially, Laʻaloa Beach) has turquoise water, great sunsets, little shade and possibly the best bodysurfing and bodyboarding on the Big Island. Waves are…
Wildlife Reserve in Kailua-Kona
Three Ring Ranch Exotic Animal Sanctuary
Dr Ann Goody runs this animal sanctuary on five lovely acres in upland Kona. This isn't a zoo, or even a conventional sanctuary; instead, Dr Goody cares for and genuinely communicates with her charges, which include…
Historic Building in Kailua-Kona
Huliheʻe Palace
This palace is a fascinating study in the rapid shift the Hawaiian royal family made from Polynesian god-kings to Westernized monarchs. Here's the skinny: Hawaiʻi's second governor, ʻJohn Adams' Kuakini, built a sim…
Beach in Kailua-Kona
Old Kona Airport State Recreation Area
Visitors often overlook this quiet park, located a mile from downtown. The swimming isn't great but it's a grand spot for a picnic. The beach area is studded with lava rock and tide pools, the latter occasionally oc…
Church in Kailua-Kona
Mokuʻaikaua Church
Completed in 1836, this church is a handsome building with walls of lava rock held together by sand and coral-lime mortar. The posts and beams, hewn with stone adzes and smoothed with chunks of coral, are made from …
Temple in Kailua-Kona
Ahuʻena Heiau
After uniting the Hawaiian Islands in 1810, Kamehameha the Great established the kingdom's royal court in Lahaina on Maui, but he continued to return to the Big Island. After a couple of years, he restored this sacr…
Gallery in Kailua-Kona
Herb Kane Paintings
Step inside King Kamehameha's Kona Beach Hotel, just next to to Ahuʻena Heiau, to view historical paintings and a mural by legendary artist and Hawaiian historian Herb Kawainui Kane. Each image depicts an element of…
Honl's Beach
If you're an avid bodyboarder, Honl's, also known as Waiʻaha ('Gathering Water'), may feel like a historical pilgrimage. It was here, in 1971, that Tom Morey tested the Boogie Board (the brand-name version of the mo…
Archaeological Site in Kailua-Kona
Keolonahihi State Historical Park
While largely overgrown with jungle and scrub brush today, this was once a major religious complex for Native Hawaiians. A heiau (temple) here was once dedicated to surfers, and tradition holds Kamehameha the Great …
Kamakahonu Beach
Kailua-Kona's only swimmable in-town beach is this teeny-tiny strand between Kailua Pier and Ahuʻena Heiau, where ocean waters are calm and usually safe for kids. Concession stands rent all kinds of beach gear. This…

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


For our Client, the fastest growing and largest independent energy supplier in Kraków, due to further development of IT structures we are looking for Senior Front End Developer.
Working as part of a highly experience team consisting of developers, designers, UX specialists and cross platform testers across multiple sites you'll develop new and innovative interactive experiences that strive to improve the way customers understand energy. Ultimately helping us to deliver the knowledge our customers need to help them save money.
■ An eye for design and/or UX would be very advantageous.
The company offers unique opportunity of professional development, stable work position in recognized company, additional benefits: private medical care, multi-sport card and work, internal training, fresh fruit.


text:
Migration in the Federated States of Micronesia: A Country Profile 2015
mp_micronesia.pdf
Micronesians have been migrating for more than a millennium. The first Micronesians moved into the islands by canoe, some from the East and some from the West. They settled throughout the 100 or so inhabited islands in what became the Federated States of Micronesia, subsisting on small-scale agriculture and food from the ocean. They developed about 10 languages and many dialects over time. The population increased throughout the 1900s to about 107,000 in 2000, doubling since 1980; after that, it has been decreasing.
The land area of the Federated States of Micronesia is remarkably small compared to vast ocean surrounding. The density is about 150 per km2. The total fertility rate increased from about 6 in 1950 to 8 in the early 1970s, before decreasing to about 3.5 in 2010. The life expectancy at birth is about 69 years. Migration is becoming a continuous flow because of lack of economy in the Federated States of Micronesia and free entry into the United States.
Micronesia does not experience immigration. Instead, it gets foreign workers – generally about 3,000 of them at any particular time – who come for varying periods of time and then leave, to be replaced by others. The foreign workers are more educated and have better skills than the indigenous population. About 20 per cent of those born in the Federated States of Micronesia were in the paid labour force in 2010 compared to about 60 per cent of the foreign workers. They tend be highly skilled, but are mostly in the small private sector.
Once settled, Micronesians do not traditionally migrate. While young men often went off the islands for several years as seamen or workers, they inevitably returned to their own islands and married local women. The first recorded Federated States of Micronesia-wide censuses were taken by the Japanese between 1920 and 1935 and showed almost no State-to-State migration. The early United States administered censuses showed similar results within Micronesia and to Guam, Saipan and the United States itself. And, the Federated States of Micronesia has experienced almost no immigration – either internal or international – at any time during the century of census activity. The United States conducted censuses in the Federated States of Micronesia from the 1950s, with the Government of the Federated States of Micronesia itself taking over, starting in 1994, and continuing with the 2000 and 2010 censuses. All of these show little internal migration and immigration.
While internal migration and immigration are minimal, emigration is not. Until the 1970s, very few Micronesians left the country at all. However, in the late 1970s, basic education grants became available, so a first wave of migrants went for schooling. Most came back. Almost all emigration was – and continues to be – to the United States and its insular areas of Guam and the Commonwealth of the Mariana Islands.
The Compact of Free Association was implemented in the late 1980s, and with it, free entry into the United States and its territories. The first wave of migration was primarily to Guam, but later migrations continued on to Hawaii and the United States Mainland. A series of surveys shows the growing numbers of emigrants in the receiving areas. About 1,000 born in the Federated States of Micronesia were outside the country in 1980, and a flow started about then. However, the immigration continued and became rapid a few years after the implementation of the Compact, to about 50,000 in 2012. The population pyramid of the migrants shows the beginning of a second generation, with the first migrants now having or bringing children, compared to a continuing traditional pyramid among those remaining. Fertility of emigrants is about 1.5, as many of the women join the labour force and put off having children, or having fewer. However, most of the migrants tend to continue speaking their native languages at home and about two out of every three remain citizens of the Federated States of Micronesia. A Micronesian-ness index created based on the 2012 survey showed that the farther away physically from Micronesia, the more attachment to traditions. Hence, those farthest away may be the most likely to be enticed back if economic development takes place. Half the emigrant adults are in the labour force, and almost all are in the private sector. But like many immigrants, their hourly wage is low, at about USD 10 an hour, and the average worker makes about USD 17,000 a year. Unlike many other migrants, Micronesians tend not to remit; because of the unique relationship with the United States, they tend to save funds to bring out the next generation of migrants. It is clear from the data that the Federated States of Micronesia is experiencing a severe brain drain. In fact, from the point of view of potential economic development, even more than the brain drain is simply the numbers of young men and women leaving and not coming back.
The main reason so many Micronesians are emigrating is the almost complete lack of economic development within the Federated States of Micronesia. As long as the economic climate remains dismal, migration becomes the safety valve for Micronesians wanting more than a subsistence lifestyle. The government has not been able to provide jobs, adequate health facilities, as well as secondary and tertiary education needed to attract investment and keep young graduates on the islands. Already about one in every three born in the Federated States of Micronesia (and first-generation descendants) are outside the islands. The emigration is most likely going to continue apace.
Migration Profiles
IOM Resources
Migrants as Messengers: The Impact of Peer-to-Peer Communication on Potential Migrants in Senegal - Impact Evaluation Report
Handbooks and Manuals Booklet
The Migration of Culinary Traditions in the Region
Migration Research in IOM 2017
Étude qualitative d'évaluation de l'impact socioéconomique et des besoins des libyens en Tunisie


Hey everyone this is Ryan with Best Insurance and what a beautiful day it is outside. It's a good time to get outside and drive around, but make sure you have plenty of insurance to cover yourself and your loved ones. Here at Best Insurance We like to provide you with the Cheapest Auto Insurance Tulsa available. Come check out our four locations from 18th and garnett, admiral and sheridan, 41st and garnett and 43rd and sheridan for all of your insurance needs. Also come check out our website at bestinsurancetulsa.com and check out what all lines of insurance we offer. Also Give us a call at any one of those locations listed at 918-576-7000.
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text:
Harley Quinn är en superskurk och före detta flickvän till Jokern som förekommer i olika DC Comics publikationer. Hon dök först upp i en episod av TV-serien Batman: The Animated Series, 1992, skapad av Paul Dini och Bruce Timm, där hon agerade hantlangare till Jokern i clownkostym.

Känd för den bredare publiken blev hon i sin filmdebuten i filmen Suicide Squad, Warner Bros, 2016, spelad av Margot Robbie och hennes uppföljare Birds of Prey, 2020.

Hennes fullstänidiga namn är Dr. Harleen Frances Quinzel.

Hon lider av osjälvständig personlighetsstörning. Tidigare var hon en psykiatriker som försökte hjälpa Jokern, men han lyckades göra henne galen istället.

Mia Sara framställde karaktären i TV-serien Gothams änglar (2002). Näst kommande film The Suicide Squad (2021).

Historik
Harley Quinn debuterade i avsnittet "Joker's Favor" av Batman: The Animated Series (som ursprungligen sändes 11 september 1992), där hon medverkar som en komisk kvinnlig hejduk till Jokern. Hon har därefter dykt upp i andra avsnitt, samt blivit introducerad i serietidningarna och andra medier. I samtliga serier av DC Animated Universe så var det Arleen Sorkin som gjorde hennes röst.

Fiktiv biografi
En bakgrundshistoria kopplas till Harley Quinn i novellen The Batman Adventures: Mad Love, som också nämns i avsnittet "Mad Love" av The New Batman Adventures. Harleen Quinzel var en psykiatrisk praktikant på Arkham Asylum. När hon undersöker de intagna psykopaterna på Arkham blir hon särskild fascinerad av en viss patient, Jokern. Hon blir ambitiöst frivillig om att få analysera honom. Efter att ha fått hennes sympati under deras sessioner börjar Jokern förföra henne, vilket får henne att bli hopplöst förälskad i honom. Efter att ha hjälpt honom att fly från Arkham flera gånger blir Harleen misstänkt av myndigheterna, som återkallar hennes licens och placerade henne i en egen cell.

Under en jordbävning i Gotham rymmer hon och blir Harley Quinn. Hennes dräkt är röd och svart och påminner om en narrdräkt. Quinns relation till Jokern är en av de mest komplexa och vridna kärleksaffärer i DC Universe. Han misshandlar henne ofta, både fysiskt och mentalt, ett faktum som hon helt verkar missa. Jokern har vid vissa tillfällen försökt att döda henne. Trots detta förblir hon hopplöst förälskad i honom. Det har dock vid vissa tillfällen visat sig finnas en del kamratskap, lekfullhet och äkta kärlek i deras relation.

Vid ett tillfälle sänder han iväg Harley på en raket som kraschlandar i Robinson Park i centrala Gotham. Hon hittas av Poison Ivy, som initialt planerar att döda henne så fort Harley återfår medvetandet. Harley konstaterar dock att hennes död endast skulle befria henne, och Ivy frågar varför. Hon övertalar Harley att berätta sin historia, och känner snart ett frändskap med henne. Ivy erbjuder sig att hjälpa Harley att ta hämnd på både Batman och Jokern.  Hon tar med sig Harley till sin lya i en giftig soptipp och behandlar hennes skador, samt injicerar henne med ett serum mot diverse gifter, vilket även ökar Harleys styrka och snabbhet. Ivy avser att ge sin nya vän en kant på Batman och Jokern. Quinn och Ivy slår ihop sig och genomför ett antal framgångsrika kap.

Krafter och förmågor
Trots att Harley Quinn inte besitter några övermänskliga krafter är hennes vighet och kampsportsfärdigheter över genomsnittet, och är tillräckligt erfaren med dessa för att segra över de flesta angriparna. Hon är även en mycket skicklig akrobat. Tack vare Poison Ivys injektioner har hon även blivit immun mot olika slags gifter, bakterier och virus, samt utvecklat något förbättrad smidighet, snabbhet och styrka.

Harley Quinn brukar vanligtvis beväpna sig med en stor pistol som är laddad med en boxhandske på en stålfjäder. Andra pistoler kan innehålla serpentiner som snärjer in den hon skjuter på. Ett annat vapen hon ofta använder är en överdimensionerad trähammare.

I andra medier
 Harley Quinn dyker upp i TV-serien Gothams änglar, spelad av Mia Sara. I denna TV-serie framställs hon som en äldre, mycket mer beräknande och illvillig karaktär än hennes komiska, tecknade motsvarighet.
 Harley Quinn dyker upp i The Batman, med röst av Hynden Walch.
 Harley Quinn dyker upp i Batman: Den tappre och modige, med röst av Meghan Strange. Denna version är modellerad efter en flapperkvinna från 1920-talet, och bär inte sin traditionella dräkt.
 Harley Quinn medverkar i Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker, återigen med röst av Arleen Sorkin. Hon syns först under en tillbakablick där Jokern bedriver onda experiment på Robin (Tim Drake) och omvandlar honom till ett jokerbarn. Hon syns även till i slutet av filmen, då som en gammal kvinna som läxar upp sina barnbarn Dee Dee.
 Harley Quinn dyker upp i Batman: Arkham Asylum, återigen med röst av Arleen Sorkin. Hon använder då en ny dräkt, baserad på en sjuksköterskeuniform. Hon tar kontroll över Arkham, vilket gör att Jokern kan fly, och kidnappar Warden Quincy Sharp. Efter att Batman räddat Warden konfronterar han henne och låser in henne i en cell. Hon återkommer i Batman: Arkham City, då med röst av Tara Strong. Hon bär då en biker-girl-baserad dräkt. Hon får även rollen som huvudskurken i en spin-off till spelet med namnet Harley's Revenge.
Harley Quinn dyker upp i The Suicide Squad där hon är spelad av Margot Robbie.
Harley Quinn dyker upp i Birds of Prey där hon är spelad av Margot Robbie.

Referenser

Externa länkar
Harley Quinn på Batman Wikia
Harley Quinn på DC Animated Universe Wiki

Seriefigurer i DC Comics
Seriefigurer introducerade 1992
Fiktiva mördare
Batman

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Home > Destinations > The Best Hotels in Vancouver's West End
The Best Hotels in Vancouver's West End
Last Updated on December 1, 2022 by Katrina
Photo credit: Westin Bayshore Vancouver
Vancouver's laid-back West End neighborhood is a sweet spot for anyone looking for a base in the city. Outside your hotel door, you'll have walkable access to both Stanley Park and Coal Harbor. While this area doesn't have a many hotels as downtown, there is a fun range of lodging options for every budget. Here are five excellent hotels in Vancouver's West End.
The Westin Bayshore Vancouver (1601 Bayshore Dr; 604-682-3377) West End
This 499-room Westin overlooking Coal Harbor and Stanley Park combines vacation-worthy scenery with the amenities that include a great spa. "The Westin Bayshore happens to have one of the city's most spectacular locations," says Travel+Leisure. "Watch seaplanes coming in for landing with the mountains in the background from a water-view suite." Online, reviewers love the free bike rentals. "We went out on the first day and the next morning," says one Google reviewer. "We cruised around the park, took some great photos and then returned to soak our bones in the indoor hot tub." >> Book this hotel for less
Shangri-La Vancouver (1128 West Georgia St.; 604-689-1120) West End
On the edge of the West End, this 119-room branch of the Asian brand is an attention-getter. It's located in Vancouver's tallest building, and has a restaurant helmed by the Michelin-starred chef Jean-Georges Vongerichten. "This is a luxury hotel for those who don't need to broadcast their wealth," says Condé Nast Traveler. "There's nothing grandiose, but rooms are large, and the sheer size of the suites makes you feel like you're hanging out in someone's home." Travelers regularly give it raves for being quiet, with attentive service. "Our room was immaculate, with a nice large balcony and super comfortable bed," says a Trip Advisor user. "And we appreciated the little touches, like power drapes and toiletries." >> Book this hotel for less
The Sylvia Hotel (1154 Gilford St.; 877-681-9321) West End
Located in a 1912 apartment building overlooking English Bay, this 120-room hotel has plenty of throwback charm. Frommers says that the Sylvia "is beloved by locals and many guests. Others are less impressed by its unpretentious, even plain, decor." Stay in the older high-rise section for personality, and in the newer low-rise wing for more modern ambience and bigger bathrooms. Some online reviewers love the less-than-trendy atmosphere—along with brunch or pub fare at the restaurant of the same name. "A beautiful older hotel with a lot of history and beautiful fixtures," says a Google reviewer. "Also VERY reasonable—cannot beat the location (right across from the beach) and the views from the room!" >> Book this hotel for less
The Listel Hotel (1300 Robson St.; 604-684-8461) West End
This 129-room boutique hotel is walking distance from Stanley Park, art galleries and theaters and has its own art collection. Fodor's calls it "an eco-and-artist-friendly hotel experience unlike any other in the Vancouver area," with many "interesting pieces that create an ambiance that feels more like a museum or gallery than a hotel lobby." On Tripadvisor, users are most impressed by the service and little amenities. "I couldn't believe they had a chilled and sparkling water dispenser on every floor," says one. "We were close to all shops, restaurants, spas and more! Best of all, the front desk staff was helpful for providing travel advice for places to visit and eat." >> Book this hotel for less
West End Guest House (1362 Haro St.; 604-681-2889) West End
This seven-room B&B set in a 1906 home is a nice reminder of the West End neighborhood's personality before high-rises arrived in the 1950s and '60s. "Expect old Victrolas and damask armchairs, swagged draperies and bow windows," says Frommers. "Breakfast is a feast, and there's sherry and iced tea to sip in the garden on a sunny afternoon." It's also about a 15-minute walk to the convention center. One Google reviewer calls it an "absolute treasure. Small, cozy, clean, full of character. Hosts were super responsive to questions I had and breakfast request. Parking out back was a real bonus." >> Book this hotel for less
9 Key Things To Know About Renting a Car in Canada
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text:
// The MIT License (MIT)

// Copyright (c) 2013-2022 Rapptz, ThePhD and contributors

// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
// this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
// the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
// use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
// the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
// subject to the following conditions:

// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
// copies or substantial portions of the Software.

// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
// FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
// COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
// IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
// CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

#include "sol_test.hpp"

#include "common_classes.hpp"

#include <catch2/catch_all.hpp>

inline namespace sol2_test_usertypes_overload {

	struct overloading_test {
		int print(int i) {
			INFO("Integer print: " << i);
			return 500 + i;
		}
		int print() {
			INFO("No param print.");
			return 500;
		}
	};

	class TestClass1 {
	public:
		TestClass1(void) {
		}
		~TestClass1(void) {
		}

	public:
		void* Get(const uint32_t) {
			return this;
		}
		void* Get(const std::string_view&) {
			return this;
		}
	};

	class TestClass2 {
	public:
		TestClass2(void) {
		}
		~TestClass2(void) {
		}

	public:
		void* Get(const uint32_t) {
			return this;
		}
		void* Get(const std::string_view&) {
			return this;
		}
	};

	sol::object lua_TestClass2_GetByIndex(const sol::this_state& s, TestClass2* tc, const uint32_t) {
		return sol::make_object(s, tc);
	}
	sol::object lua_TestClass2_GetByName(const sol::this_state& s, TestClass2* tc, const std::string_view&) {
		return sol::make_object(s, tc);
	}
} // namespace sol2_test_usertypes_overload

TEST_CASE("usertype/overloading", "Check if overloading works properly for usertypes") {
	sol::state lua;
	sol::stack_guard luasg(lua);
	lua.open_libraries(sol::lib::base);

	lua.new_usertype<woof>("woof", "var", &woof::var, "func", sol::overload(&woof::func, &woof::func2, &woof::func2s));

	const std::string bark_58 = "bark 58";

	REQUIRE_NOTHROW(
	     lua.safe_script("r = woof:new()\n"
	                     "a = r:func(1)\n"
	                     "b = r:func(1, 2)\n"
	                     "c = r:func(58, 'bark')\n"));
	REQUIRE((lua["a"] == 1));
	REQUIRE((lua["b"] == 3.5));
	REQUIRE((lua["c"] == bark_58));
	auto result = lua.safe_script("r:func(1,2,'meow')", sol::script_pass_on_error);
	REQUIRE_FALSE(result.valid());
	std::cout << "----- end of 7" << std::endl;
}

TEST_CASE("usertype/overloading_values", "ensure overloads handle properly") {
	sol::state lua;
	sol::stack_guard luasg(lua);
	lua.new_usertype<overloading_test>("overloading_test",
	     sol::constructors<>(),
	     "print",
	     sol::overload(
	          static_cast<int (overloading_test::*)(int)>(&overloading_test::print), static_cast<int (overloading_test::*)()>(&overloading_test::print)),
	     "print2",
	     sol::overload(
	          static_cast<int (overloading_test::*)()>(&overloading_test::print), static_cast<int (overloading_test::*)(int)>(&overloading_test::print)));
	lua.set("test", overloading_test());

	sol::function f0_0 = lua.load("return test:print()");
	sol::function f0_1 = lua.load("return test:print2()");
	sol::function f1_0 = lua.load("return test:print(24)");
	sol::function f1_1 = lua.load("return test:print2(24)");
	int res = f0_0();
	int res2 = f0_1();
	int res3 = f1_0();
	int res4 = f1_1();

	REQUIRE(res == 500);
	REQUIRE(res2 == 500);

	REQUIRE(res3 == 524);
	REQUIRE(res4 == 524);
	std::cout << "----- end of 8" << std::endl;
}

TEST_CASE("usertypes/overloading with transparent arguments", "ensure transparent arguments bound with usertypes don't change arity counts in overloads") {
	sol::state lua;
	lua.open_libraries(sol::lib::base);

	auto t1 = lua.new_usertype<TestClass1>(u8"TestClass1", sol::no_constructor);
	t1.set_function(
	     u8"Get", sol::overload(sol::resolve<void*(const uint32_t)>(&TestClass1::Get), sol::resolve<void*(const std::string_view&)>(&TestClass1::Get)));

	auto t2 = lua.new_usertype<TestClass2>(u8"TestClass2", sol::no_constructor);
	t2.set_function(u8"Get", sol::overload(lua_TestClass2_GetByIndex, lua_TestClass2_GetByName));

	TestClass1 test1;
	TestClass2 test2;
	lua["testObj1"] = test1;
	lua["testObj2"] = test2;

	sol::optional<sol::error> maybe_error = lua.safe_script(R"(
        local test1 = testObj1:Get(0);
        local test2 = testObj1:Get('test');
        assert(test1 ~= nil, 'test1 failed');
        assert(test2 ~= nil, 'test2 failed');
        print('test1 ok!');

        local test3 = testObj2:Get(0);
        local test4 = testObj2:Get('test');
        assert(test3 ~= nil, 'test3 failed');
        assert(test4 ~= nil, 'test4 failed');
        print('test2 ok!');
	)",
	     &sol::script_pass_on_error);
	REQUIRE_FALSE(maybe_error.has_value());
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Modern Age & Contemporary History
On Judicial Lynching: The Tragic Farce at Nuremberg
Thread: On Judicial Lynching: The Tragic Farce at Nuremberg
Sunday, November 7th, 2004 #1
Chrom-Mangan
non-religious
Nuremberg Trials, Last Words Before Hanging
"I call the almighty Lord and plead mercy for the German people. More than two million German Soldiers already fell for the fatherland before me. I follow my sons. All for Germany!" - Wilhelm Keitel
"May god protect Germany. My last wish is that Germany unites again and the connection between the East and the West will be established. I wish for universal peace." - Joachim von Ribbentrop
"Long live the eternal Germany!" - Wilhelm Frick
"I have loved my German people and my fatherland from the bottom of my heart. I have done my duty according to the laws of my country....I fought honorable. Germany, Glück auf!" - Ernst Kaltenbrunner
"I hope this execution will be the final act of this tragedy of the Second World War and an example so that peace and understanding may rule among the peoples. I believe in Germany!" - Arthur Seyß-Inquart
"I die innocent, my sentence is unjust. May god protect Germany. May it live and one day become great again. God protect my family." - Fritz Sauckel
"I salute you, my Germany!" - Alfred Jodl
"Heil Hitler! Purim celebration 1946! I honor the American soldiers, but not the Jews of your country. You too will be hanged by the bolsheviks one day." - Julius Streicher
Tolerance is a proof of distrust in one's own ideals. Friedrich Nietzsche
Monday, November 15th, 2004 #2
friedrich braun
Monday, November 3rd, 2008 @ 04:04 AM
I am now reading David Irving's tome on the Nuremberg trials (Nuremberg, The Last Battle) and will post excerpts on a regular basis. The entire book can be downloaded free of charge from his web site: http://www.fpp.co.uk/books/Nuremberg/NUREMBERG.pdf P. 60 et seq.
One of the least palatable aspects of the coming trials was that there would be few crimes listed in the indictment of the German war criminals, as finally drawn up in October 1945, of which one or other of the four prosecuting powers was not itself guilty. In the cause of defeating Hitler, civilian populations had been – and were still being – burned and blasted, murdered, brutalised, intimidated, deported, and enslaved; aggressive wars had been launched, neutral countries had been occupied by pretext and deceit, and the unalterable paragraphs of the international conventions on the treatment of prisoners-of-war were still being flagrantly violated.In this respect the Americans were still, as the war in Europe ended,relatively well placed, the world having yet to feel the searing flash of the first atomic bombs.
True, in the fury of war American troops had committed a number of outrages in Sicily and on the Italian mainland, and even Lieutenant-General George S. Patton Jr, one of the war's most illustrious battlefield commanders, was found to have ordered and concealed the shooting of German prisoners. There had too been an unfortunate incident in Germany in the last weeks of the war when one hundred and thirty prisoners died of suffocation in a train of boxcars left standing at Frankfurt; but on that occasion General Eisenhower had ordered a personal apology telegraphed to the German High Command. And there had been one less than heroic moment on April 29, 1945, for which nobody was ever called to account, when the army personnel at Dachau concentration camp surrendered, most of them ordinary German soldiers who had taken over from the fleeing S.S. guards.
Of these 560 unarmed German prisoners, all but forty were put to death on the spot by the Allied liberators (or in a few cases by released inmates whom the Americans had temporarily armed); 358 of those killed, including a doctor carrying a Red Cross flag, were lined up against a wall by GIs of the 15th Regiment, 45th Infantry Division, and summarily put to death by one American army lieutenant, whose name is known, and his machine-gunner while former Hollywood film producer George Stevens and photographers of the U.S. Signals Corps recorded the scene in black and white and in colour.
Many of the details of the pre-war crimes committed by the Bolsheviks were still not fully documented in 1945. They were not properly crimes of war, but in 1939 Britain had procured the universal censure of the Soviet Union for launching her unprovoked attack on Finland; and – most embarrassing of all – Stalin had not only sanctioned Hitler's aggression against Poland, but by a secret annexe to the Ribbentrop–Molotov Pact of August 1939 he had secured the eastern part of that much injured country for himself; the Red Army had invaded Poland on a pretext in mid-September, and had thereafter deported large numbers of the Polish inhabitants into the Soviet interior.
The consequential horrors in the forest at Katyn need to be referred to, as does the subsequent Russian treatment of German captives
taken on the eastern front, although here, technically speaking, the Geneva Convention did not hold sway since the Soviet Union had
refused to become a party to it: each side had in consequence treated prisoners captured from the other with unbecoming barbarity. Of the quarter-million German soldiers taken prisoner at Stalingrad and forced into slavery, fewer than ten thousand would survive to return to Germany.
At Katyn and elsewhere in the spring of 1940, as is now known and commendably admitted by the Russian government, the Soviet secret police, the N.K.V.D., had liquidated fifteen thousand Polish officers and intellectuals captured during the Soviet invasion of Poland in September 1939 and recently removed from the prison camps at Kozielsk, Starobielsk, and Ostashkov. These men, their hands trussed in barbed wire and expertly shot with a single bullet in the back of the head, had been buried in mass graves.The British government was well aware of the truth about this atrocity. Discussing the early reports on Katyn with Eden, Sir Alexander Cadogan had cynically disagreed with the inference that it was wrong to continue to consort with the murderers, although his private diary showed that he still had qualms. 'I pointed out,' he recorded, 'that years before Katyn the Soviet Government made a habit of butchering their own citizens by the 10,000s, and if we could fling ourselves into their arms in 1941, I don't know that Katyn makes our position more delicate.
The blood of Russians cries as loud to heaven as that of Poles. But it's very nasty. How can Poles ever live amicably alongside Russians, and how can we discuss with Russians execution of German "war criminals," when we have condoned this?'
The French too had committed crimes, but on a paltry scale – individual murders by General Charles de Gaulle's followers of his opponents, and routine, and by comparison relatively petty, atrocities against prisoners-of-war both during the 1940 campaign and in . In May 1945 the – still undocumented – excesses of the épuration, the cleansing of liberated France of the tens of thousands of citizens alleged to have collaborated with the Nazis, had yet to start on a large scale. On a broader canvas, however, it is necessary also to take note of the joint planning by both Britain and France for the invasion of Norway and Finland in 1940, an 'aggression' which would fall well within the categories of crimes against peace as they were codified by the international lawyers who would meet in London in August 1945.
On Britain's 'war crimes' we are better informed since subsequent governments, and particularly that of John Major, have bared most of their predecessors' iniquities by opening the archives. Most of Britain's crimes were quite pointless, and provided for a needless sullying of the empire's otherwise immaculate escutcheon – of a record of unparalleled heroism by British troops fighting often against overwhelming odds. There were the questionable orders issued by Churchill in 1939 and 1940, as first lord of the admiralty, for unrestricted naval warfare, of which mention will be made later. These were orders of such criminality that the judges at Nuremberg, including the British members of the Tribunal, uniquely found them grave enough to mitigate the crimes committed by the Nazi admirals.* There were Churchill's 1940 orders for the invasion of Norway, which the British government successfully concealed from those same judges.
There were crimes committed in the heat of action by subordinates but sanctioned by superiors – for instance, British officers were given the Victoria Cross, the highest medal for valour, after machine-gunning the fleeing survivors of the German fleet auxiliary Altmark in April 1940 and those of the sinking minesweeper Ulm in September 1942. There were too Churchill's orders for the military occupation, on one pretext or another, of Iceland in 1940, of Persia in August 1941, only days after promulgating the Atlantic Charter, of Madagascar, or French North-West Africa, and of several other countries which were not belligerents. Churchill had planned the forcible seizure of the Portuguese Azores in May 1943 but had been overruled by Attlee and Eden.
Of questionable legality was the enforced return after the war by the British of tens of thousands of Russians captured with Hitler's troops, including not only the Cossacks but large numbers of White Russian pre-war émigrés whom the British sent back to the tender mercies of Stalin's secret police after the war, knowing what their likely fate would be. At the end of May 1945 officers of the British Eighth Army had turned over to Tito three captured Serb guards regiments which had fought against him along with eleven thousand Slovenian auxiliaries. All were murdered in the forests of Gottschee. The same fate awaited the eighty thousand Croatian soldiers and thirty thousand Croatian civilians, most of them women and children, who had surrendered to the British around Maribor in the second half of May 1945; the British turned them over to Tito's partisan army. As if the rain of fire, phosphorus – an illegal weapon – and slaughter by British bombers on cities like Hamburg, Dresden, and Pforzheim were not enough. In one senseless, horrific incident on May 3, 1945 a single British fighter-bomber had attacked and sunk the German liner Cap Arcona, moored as a refugee ship in the Gulf of Lübeck. Emblazoned with the Red Cross, the ship was carrying thousands of civilian refugees and concentration-camp prisoners back from the east. It went down within minutes, with the loss of 7,300 lives.
Throughout the summer of 1945 the bodies were washed ashore; they are buried in a single common grave on the beach at Neustadt, Holstein. That Churchill's scientists had also prepared for mustard-gas and anthrax warfare was arguably quite proper; he had ordered a quarter of a million four-pound anthrax bombs from the United States in February 1944. By the summer of 1944 Britain had 26,000 tons of mustard-gas and six thousand tons of phosgene already filled into bombs or in bulk storage, 'enough,' as he was briefed, 'to cover Berlin, Hamburg, Cologne, Essen, Frankfurt, and Cassel put together.'
But enraged by Hitler's 'indiscriminate' use of the V–I flying bombs, in a late-night Defence Committee session on July 6, 1944 Churchill had ordered his chiefs of staff, in an inebriated outburst, to prepare to 'drench' the six selected German cities with poison-gas attacks in violation of all treaties and conventions to the contrary (he dismissed these treaties as 'silly conventions of the mind,' and as a matter of changing morality, 'simply a question of fashion changing as she does between long and short skirts for women'). In a rare display of steadastness, his chiefs of staff finally overruled him.
In fact, Hitler had stockpiled thousands of tons of superior poison gases, the nerve gases Sarin and Tabun, but he had embargoed their use unless the Allies violated the convention first. It must not be forgotten either that Hitler's generals were often fighting an undeclared war against hidden armies of plain-clothes irregulars and francs-tireurs who considered themselves bound by none of the international treaties and conventions. Thus the Polish underground army had boasted to the Americans in 1943 that it was making successful use of both poison gas and typhus bacilli against the German occupation troops.
Tuesday, November 16th, 2004 #5
A reminder: Julius Streicher was a writer and newspaper publisher and NOT a so-called "war criminal."
They gave the gauleiter of Franconia and newspaper publisher Julius Streicher an even rougher ride after an American army officer, Major
Henry Blitt, found him at a house in Waidbruck in the Tyrol on May 22. Challenged as to his identity, the former gauleiter admitted: 'Julius Streicher.' He was driven off to the prison at Salzburg. There he was handcuffed – the manacles were not removed for the next five days. Still manacled and dressed only in a shirt and pants he was driven on May 22 to Freising in Bavaria, where he was thrown into a win dowless cell without either a bed or chair.
'Two or three times a day,' he wrote a few days later, ''I was made to stand against a wall with my handcuffed hands above my head while a Black or a military police officer beat me around the genitalia for up to one minute at a time with a leather whip. If I attempted to ward off the blows with my handcuffed hands they kicked me in the testicles. My private parts and testicles were badly swollen.' Scarcely more pleasant was to have 'the white police officer' and the GIs order him to open his mouth two or three times a day so they could spit into it. If he kept his mouth shut, they forced it open with a wooden baton. They forced him to drink out of the urinal. When he once refused to, they beat him with the whip. 'Each time he visited my cell the white police officer ripped hairs out of my nipples and eyebrows.'
Once when Streicher refused to eat the putrid leftovers that were dished out to him they threw him to the ground and forced him to lick the (Black) soldiers' feet.
On May 26 they finally told him to get ready for the drive to Wiesbaden. A couple of hours before that one of the GIs said to him with a smirk, 'Now you get "kill, kill"' – and he made the appropriate cut-throat motion across his neck. Then a Black soldier marched Streicher into the lavatories, tossed his clothing into the toilet and told him to get dressed – which was easier said than done, given his handcuffed condition. The manacles were removed only after he arrived at Wiesbaden.
Thursday, December 13th, 2007 #6
Ferryman
Tuesday, January 26th, 2010 @ 02:49 PM
Full Information about the "Nuremberg Trials"
I was searching for info about the Nuremberg trials and found this site by the university of Missouri-Kansas which seems to have great collection of info about the trials.
http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/proj.../nuremberg.htm
PS. There's a huge number of information about other famous trials at the site aswell.
Tuesday, April 8th, 2008 #7
Turul
Honestly, the only place to go is to read the primary source of the Nuremberg Trials.
The Avalon Project at Yale Law School
The Nuremberg War Crimes Trials
According to revisionist scholar and professional translator of German, French, Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese, Carlos Whitlock Porter:
"As far as I know I am the only person who ever read the Nuremberg Trial transcript all the way through, not once, but several times. I have three different versions of it. I also have the complete Tokyo Trial transcript, 52,000 pages."
http://www.cwporter.com/interview.htm
This is what the Carlos Whitlock Porter says on his website about the Nuremberg Trials and the Avalon Project:
"Carlos Porter's lengthy Made in Russia: The Holocaust... [is] a compilation of the dozens of allegedly incredible or implausible Holocaust claims advanced by the Allies - particularly the Soviets - at the International Military Tribunal... [the book] contains photocopies and photographs of hundreds of pages of the trial transcripts and documents accepted as exhibits, allowing the reader to see for himself just how irrational some of the claims were."
Joel S.A. Hayward, THE FATE OF THE JEWS IN GERMAN HANDS, p.197
"Porter is humorous, sarcastic and bitter..." "The site is cleverly constructed..."
" Collection of Holocaust sources from 'eye witnesses' and otherwise 'proven' accounts that are now considered absurd and false..."
"Steaming, mass electrocution, atomic bombs, 'spanking machines', human lampshades/soap/etc, shrunken heads, cannibalism, poisoned soft drinks are just some of these absurdities tried before the final version of the story..."
NOTE: The Nuremberg Trial transcript is on-line at the Yale University Avalon Project, but arranged by "days" (up to 60 + pages per day); it does not go beyond volume 22 of the 42 IMT volumes. The trial volumes in book form ("Trial of the Major War Criminals", all 42 volumes IMT, 15 volumes NMT, 8 volumes "Nazi Conspiracy and Agression") are available from http://www.wshein.com/, reprinted, on acid-free paper, complete, hardcover. Please note that the NMT are extracts only, and that "Nazi Conspiracy and Agression" is more or less worthless. For the complete NMT trials, one should contact the National Archives and purchase the microfilm: National Archives and Records Administration, 8601 Adelphi Rd., Room 2400, College Park, MD 20740-6001 USA, tel.: 001-301-713-7250, fax: 001-301-713-7482. The Nuremberg Trial Commission transcript (which has otherwise disappeared) is contained in ten bound volumes at the Dodd Collection, University of Connecticut.
How to verify what we say using the Avalon Project web site:
There is a Table on the Avalon Home Page, about half way down, with numbers from 1 to 22 in little boxes. For example, to find "IMT XVI 529" (the incredible atomic Hoaxocost), click on "16", and you get another long table with a list of all the "Days" appearing in Volume 16. Click around on the "Days" absolutely at random, till you find out where page "529" is likely to be, then use the Microsoft "Search" function, fifth down under "Edit", enter "529", and presto! You've got page 529 and the incredible atomic Hoaxoco$t.
The page numbers are very hard to see, and look like this:
The search engines do not work and it is a waste of time to try to use them.
George Bush is a Yale graduate. Maybe that should tell us something.
http://www.cwporter.com/two2.htm
Friday, January 19th, 2018 #8
Nachtengel
The 12 Legal Contraventions That Prove Nuremberg Proceedings Were Warfare On A Defeated 'Enemy'
From Wear's War
After Germany's defeat in WWII, the Nuremberg and later trials were organized primarily for political purposes rather than to dispense impartial justice. Wears War brings to you each week a quote from the many fine men and women who were openly appalled by the trials. All of these people were highly respected and prominent in their field, at least until they spoke out against the trials.
German historian Udo Walendy writes:
"…the distinguishing feature of the Nuremberg proceedings was the countless infringements of the law. It is in contravention of every legal norm
1) when the victor is also the judge and has nominated himself for this office;
2) when his function is world prosecuting attorney and lawmaker at the same time;
3) when he condemns actions which hitherto were neither provided for by statute nor were in contravention of international law (e.g. the preparatory planning of a campaign by a General Staff officer or the supplying of arms by a contractor);
4) when he repeals legal clauses and systems of values which were binding on the defendants and the entire defeated Nation and establishes arbitrarily new norms that fulfill his purposes: "Crimes against Peace", "Crimes against Humanity", "Support of an unlawful State" etc., and then will interpret these norms dialectically;
5) when he declares German reprisals in partisan warfare retroactively as crimes and punishable as criminal acts, while the causes provoking them are disregarded;
6) when he withholds documents from the defence while serving other documents at short notice, refuses witnesses for the defence and rejects the motion to hear evidence, and when the defence is threatened also with arrest and, indeed, is taken into custody just as soon as they make a protest against some breach of the law;
7) when he distorts the meaning of documents by means of shortening, by falsifying or by shifting of emphasis, and when he then adjudges as authentic these papers so badly mangled or totally falsified;
8) when he trivializes or conceals decisive interconnections and contexts;
9) when witnesses are being kept in long-term imprisonment and are put under pressure with threats of handing them over to the GPU or bringing charges against them, thus coercing them into making false statements and committing perjury;
10) when he allows agents of the Victor Power to appear as witnesses;
11) when he brings in procedures that label just about everybody as members of a "criminal organization" and, therefore, can be treated as a criminal offender;
12) when he, after having availed himself of his newly created "legal clauses" for his vengeful purposes, cancels them again immediately, thus denying them to all other nations—and, consequently, to future international law.
Source: Walendy, Udo, Truth for Germany: The Guilt Question of the Second World War, Washington, D.C., The Barnes Review, 2013, pp. 442-443.
See Wear's War for more and consider purchasing Germany's War by John Wear.
http://www.renegadetribune.com/12-le...efeated-enemy/
Photographs and postcards of lynching
By Frans_Jozef in forum The United States
Last Post: Tuesday, April 13th, 2004, 07:01 AM


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Home » Business » Finance
Long lines at Indian banks after reopening
Source: AFP | November 11, 2016, Friday | Print Edition
LONG queues formed outside banks in India yesterday as they reopened for the first time since the government's shock decision to withdraw the two largest denomination notes from circulation.
Some banks in the capital New Delhi had received the new 2,000 rupee (US$30) bill and a number of ATMs were working again, two days after Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced the 500 and 1,000 rupee notes would no longer be legal tender in a blitz against tax evasion and corruption.
Modi's Tuesday evening bombshell prompted a late night rush on cash machines as customers withdrew smaller notes from ATMs before they closed at midnight in preparation for the turnaround.
"I have only come here to check if I can change my old notes for a new currency even if I don't have an account with the bank," R.P Singh, a newspaper vendor, said outside a bank in New Delhi.
"The real worry is how we will get essential daily supplies in the next few days as most people are short of those smaller denomination or new currency notes," he added.
The government said customers would be able to exchange their old bills for new notes or deposit them in their accounts from yesterday.
However, it was unclear how many banks across the country — particularly in rural areas — had received the new 2,000 rupee note.
Newly designed 500 and 1,000 rupee bills will be rolled out at a later date.
"The country has around 125,000 bank branches and an extensive network of post offices in rural areas, which should be enough. Let the exchange process begin and we will see if more is required," India's Finance Minister Arun Jaitley said yesterday.
Queues formed outside banks across the country, with some people complaining that banks and post offices, where old notes can also be exchanged, hadn't opened on time.
The government has said that only tax dodgers will lose out from the move, the latest in anti-corruption measures introduced by Modi.


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How to Care for Anemone Plants
By Jackie Carroll
How to Care for a Miniature Marigold
How to Grow Indian Spring Hollyhocks From Seed
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How to Grow Dwarf Pak Choi
Anemones (Anemone spp.), commonly called windflowers, are a diverse group of flowers that are divided into two groups: spring-bloomers and fall-bloomers. Spring-bloomers range in height from 6 to 18 inches and most produce pure white flowers, although there are a few purple and pink types in the mix. Fall-bloomers are much taller, measuring in at up to 5 feet tall. The flowers are 3 inches or more in diameter and bloom in shades of pink or white. All anemones need full sun or partial shade and average, well-drained soil. The climate needed depends on the species, but most are hardy in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 4 to 8.
Water the plants regularly when it doesn't rain, keeping the soil lightly moist. Water slowly, allowing the soil to absorb as much water as possible. Wood anemone (A. nemorosa) dies to the ground in midsummer and doesn't need water until it regrows.
Spread a 2-inch layer of organic mulch around the plants in spring. This helps the soil retain moisture and makes it difficult for weeds and seeds from the anemone flowers to emerge.
Clip off the flowers with hand pruners as they fade or when the petals start dropping. This keeps the plant looking neat and prevents self-seeding. When windflowers are allowed to form seeds, they may fail to produce new blooms and the plants may begin to look ragged.
Fertilize the plants with a sprinkling of organic fertilizer or a shovelful of compost in late fall or winter.
The Flower Gardener's Bible; Lewis Hill, et al.
Perennial Care Manual; Nancy J. Ondra
Annual Flowers; Barbara Pleasant
Don't be alarmed if new fall-blooming transplants or divisions that you planted in spring don't show new growth right away. It's not unusual for them to show the first signs of new growth in late spring.
Think carefully about the location of your windflowers before planting. Moving them later is difficult because every small piece of root left in the ground result in new plants. Once the bed is established, it is difficult to get rid of them.
Jackie Carroll has been a freelance writer since 1995. Her home-and-garden and nature articles have appeared in "Birds & Blooms" and "Alamance Today." She holds a Bachelor of Science in medical technology from the University of North Carolina.
Do Self-Seeding Cosmos Come Up Every Year?
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How to Plant Sagina Subulata
1 Do Self-Seeding Cosmos Come Up Every Year?
2 How to Grow Mexican Hyssop
3 How to Grow Hyacinthus Orientalis
4 Lupine Sunrise Planting Instructions


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In Conversation With Jolene Pilat, an ACA Intra Oral Dental Assisting Program Grad
Have you ever wondered what it would be like to get your intra-oral dental assistant diploma? If you're seeking a hands-on career in the healthcare industry, this might be the career path for you. At Algonquin Careers Academy, Levels 1 and 2 of the Intra-oral Dental Assisting program can be completed in just 48 weeks, including a 2-week full-time practical placement. If you're interested in learning more about the process of becoming an intra-oral dental assistant, you'll find it helpful to hear about the firsthand experience of an intra-oral dental assistant student.
Today, we're speaking with Jolene Pilat, a recent graduate of ACA's Intra-oral Dental Assisting program, about her experience training to become industry certified. Jolene was recently awarded the Ottawa Dental Society Award of Recognition, about which she says: "It felt really great to be recognized for all the hard work I put into completing this program. It took a lot of help from family and friends, being a mom of three and homeschooling them myself, and driving four hours a day to the lab was exhausting. When I got the award and my diploma I knew all my sacrifices and long days had paid off!" Jolene, who has previously worked in the dental field, has been working as a dental assistant at her new office ever since the day of her placement. Below, discover more about her time at ACA.
Why Did You Choose to Pursue Intra Oral Dental Assistant Training?
For Jolene, the decision to get her intra oral dental assistant diploma was influenced by her previous experience in the field. "I took Dental/Medical Office Administration 11 years ago and really enjoyed the dental aspect of the program. I then got hired at a dental office to work in their front office and in the back helping with Sterilization," explained Jolene. "Within a very short time, I started helping more and more in the operatory and eventually started working as a chairside dental assistant. I LOVED my job but lacked the certificates for HARP and intra-oral. That is when I decided to go back to school to get my level 2."
With previous experience in the dental field, Jolene decided to enroll in an Intra Oral Dental Assisting program
When it came to choosing a school to complete her training, Jolene chose ACA for a few reasons. "I chose to study at ACA because I am already a graduate from the Dental/Medical Office Administration Program, so I was familiar with the college already. My biggest factor in choosing this school was that I was mostly online. I live a one-way, 2-hour drive from the school, and the commute was the biggest factor in getting my Intra Oral Level 2. With the class being online I was able to stay home and reduce my commute greatly," said Jolene.
What Was a Typical Day as an IODA Student Like?
As someone who began her training during the height of COVID-19, Jolene's experience in ACA's Intra Oral Dental Assisting program may look different than some. "I started my class during the pandemic, so I was online for the majority of my program with 1 or 2 days in Ottawa at the lab then gradually increased throughout our program. Every morning our teacher sent out a zoom invite, and we logged in at 830am. It was interesting at first as everyone tried to be online and have children at home as the schools were closed for children for in-school learning. All of our class got very familiar with each other's children as they made frequent appearances! Our lab days were really fun, being hands-on in class made the day go by quickly."
Jolene's practical training at ACA prepared her for work as a dental assistant
How Did the Program Prepare You for Your Current Role?
Jolene, who is currently employed as a dental assistant, found the intra-oral, patient hygiene, x-ray and impressions courses she took at ACA most helpful for her current role. As for her favourite thing about the IODA program, Jolene says it comes down to the flexibility permitted by the online delivery of the courses. "I was able to stay home with my kids, and have the afternoons to study," she said. "My teacher was also a big influencing factor. She was very knowledgeable and supportive as everyone tried to navigate being at home while online. She was always there when you needed and made sure she took her time to help the class understand and answer questions."
When it came to challenges, as a mother of three, Jolene had her fair share. "The most challenging aspect of the program was trying to balance home life and school life. Dedicating time out of my day to focus on studying and doing my assignments," said Jolene. "There were many times where I lost motivation, but knew how rewarding my career will be and was able to get back on track."
Are you interested in enrolling in intra oral dental assistant training?
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Twenty Three Years for Anchor House!
Thank you landing here on my Anchor House page! I am excited to be participating in my TWENTY THIRD Anchor House Ride for Runaways. The route this year starts in Auburn, NY - Finger Lakes Country! - and then heads southwest towards Corning, NY, Williamsport, PA before making a sharp turn towards home, but not before a few hundred more miles thru Hazleton, PA, Bethlehem, PA before our last pedal stroke at the Quakerbridge Mall.
It is a week of tremendous fun and camaraderie among some of my favorite people. (See the collection of clowns in the photo) We ride hard but we laugh harder and in a blink of an eye, the 500 miles of cycling pass by. Each of us is brought together for the common goal of raising much needed funds for Anchor House, Mercer Country's only shelter for area runaway and homeless teens.
Since 1978, Anchor House has been providing food, emergency housing, clothing - and hope - for hundreds of homeless teens. Please help to make the 41st Anchor House Ride for Runaways the very best ride ever!
Your compassionate engagement in my Anchor House experience has been integral to my successes year after year. Quite simply...I just couldn't do it without you...your kind words, your encouragement, your wooing on sunshine and keeping the clouds at bay. Those little questions you ask, the interest you take...it matters to me...a lot...together, we'll make a difference and help Anchor House to continue their mission.


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TalkToTheManager
Businesses Seek To Revive Lawsuit Against Yelp
06 May 2012 on legal, yelp
A group of business owners are asking an appellate court to revive their "extortion" lawsuit against Yelp.
They alleged in a case dating to 2010 that Yelp tried to extort them by promising to bury bad reviews and promote favorable ones in exchange for ad buys. Last year, U.S. District Court Judge Edward Chen in the Northern District of California threw out the potential class-action lawsuit, ruling that the Communications Decency Act immunizes Yelp from liability for reviews authored by users. Chen also ruled that Yelp isn't liable for decisions about how to display those reviews - regardless of the company's motives for highlighting particular content.
However, the business owners say that they should be able to proceed with their claim that Yelp unfairly summarized the reviews, as well as the allegation that Yelp "manipulated" the reviews by removing some and highlighting others.
The Communications Decency Act "does not give protection to internet service providers who manipulate reviews for their own profit, and based on such manipulation, publish their own misleading star rating and information about a particular business knowing it is not accurate," they argue in papers submitted to the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals.
Yelp, which denies the extortion allegations, counters that it doesn't lose its immunity for user-generated content by deciding which reviews to weed out and which to display. "Plaintiffs are a group of disgruntled business owners who seek to suppress this legitimate, protected online commentary and to prevent Yelp from exercising its right to screen reviews which may be false or unreliable," the company says in papers filed with the 9th Circuit late last week.
In 2010, Yelp was hit with a flurry of lawsuits alleging that it pressured businesses to purchase ads. The lawsuits were later consolidated into one potential class-action - which Chen dismissed last year.
One company that sued, the Cats and Dogs Animal Hospital in Long Beach, Calif., said in court papers that a Yelp salesperson offered to move two bad reviews to the bottom of its results, to ensure they didn't appear in search engine results. It would also allow the hospital to decide in which order reviews would appear on the site, in exchange for a one-year, $300-a-month ad buy.
Yelp CEO Jeremy Stoppelman
Yelp CEO Jeremy Stoppelman has denied that the site ever offered to bury bad reviews for advertisers. The company has said that it filters reviews that it believes violate its terms of service, including ones by business owners. After the lawsuits were filed, Yelp began allowing Web users to access reviews that had been filtered, but those reviews aren't counted toward the site's overall ranking.
Yelp also previously allowed business owners to pay to have a favorite review highlighted at the top of their page. The company discontinued that practice in 2010.
Thanks to Wendy Davis at MediaPost for the story.
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The Good and Bad of Angie's List
You may have heard of Angie's List on the radio or in TV commercials. Angie's List is an online…
Reactions to Inadequate Customer Service
Today's press release from American Express sheds light on how customers react to bad or below-par customer service. Customers…
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Home / Inspiring / Good News
NASA Mathematician Katherine Johnson Is Honored With a New Spacecraft Named After Her
By Madeleine Muzdakis on February 12, 2021
Mathematician Katherine Johnson at work in 1966. (Photo: Wikimedia Commons [Public domain])
As a pivotal figure in the Space Race between the United States and the U.S.S.R during the 1960s, Katherine Johnson had an incredible life but only received the national attention she deserved in recent years. She was one of the central characters in the book (and the 2016 movie) Hidden Figures. Her mathematical genius and barrier-breaking research as a Black woman at NASA are now widely recognized as crucial to putting the first American in orbit, landing on the moon, and many other space developments. In honor of her achievements, the aerospace and defense company Northrop Grumman has named a new NG-15 Cygnus cargo craft the S.S. Katherine Johnson. The craft carrying her name will travel to the International Space Station in February 2021.
Northrop Grumman traditionally names its spacecrafts after pivotal figures in space exploration history. The company cited Johnson's pioneering mathematical work, saying, "Her work at NASA quite literally launched Americans into space, and her legacy continues to inspire young Black women every day." The new craft named in her honor is far from the first STEM-related development that bears her name. In 2019, NASA renamed one of its West Virginia facilities the Katherine Johnson Independent Verification and Validation Facility. In November 2020, a satellite was also named "Katherine Johnson" in her honor.
Johnson, who was born in 1918 in West Virginia, showed exceptional math prowess from an early age. Beginning college at age 15, she particularly excelled in geometry—which would later lead to her work on orbital paths in space. After graduating, she worked as a teacher and started a family. In 1952, she heard news that the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) was hiring Black female mathematicians as "human computers" to crunch numbers for flight data. In 1953, she was hired and began working in the West Area Computing group at NACA. At the time, an increasing number of women were being hired to run numbers, but the workers were still segregated due to the Jim Crow laws in effect in Virginia.
In 1958, NACA became NASA in pursuit of space flight. The Russians had launched their satellite Sputnik the year earlier, and the U.S. was determined to make it to the Moon before the Soviets. Under NASA, segregated work spaces were integrated; the women collectively would be awarded a Congressional Gold Medal in 2019 for their decades of under-appreciated work running equations and data until the advent of sufficient computers in the 1980s. In 1961 aboard Freedom 7, Alan Shepard became the first American in space—his flight trajectory was analyzed by Johnson. The next year, her orbital calculations were critical to the first American orbit by a manned craft. The astronaut aboard, John Glenn, was said to have only trusted the finicky early computers once Johnson had done the math herself.
Like many of the female computers, and particularly her Black colleagues, Johnson's work remained relatively unrecognized by the public until recent years. In 2015, Johnson was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama. Her career at NASA lasted 33 years, during which she authored or coauthored 26 research reports and worked on critical NASA projects. Her work helped bring space travel from its earliest iterations into the computer age.
In February 2020, Johnson passed away at the age of 101. Her name is finally recognized as the brilliant, pioneering, once-"hidden" figure that she was. The space shuttle bearing her name will launch this month.
Pioneering, brilliant Black mathematician Katherine Johnson made history for her mathematical work on space flight over a 33 year career at NASA. Now, a new spacecraft named after her will launch this month.
Former NASA mathematician Katherine Johnson received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama in 2015. (Photo: NASA/Bill Ingalls via Wikimedia Commons [Public domain])
h/t: [Mental Floss]
Jeanette Epps Will Be the First Black Woman To Join Fellow Astronauts on the ISS
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Madeleine Muzdakis
Madeleine Muzdakis is a Contributing Writer at My Modern Met and a historian of early modern Britain & the Atlantic world. She holds a BA in History and Mathematics from Brown University and an MA in European & Russian Studies from Yale University. Madeleine has worked in archives and museums for years with a particular focus on photography and arts education. When she isn't writing, she enjoys hiking, film photography, and reading while cuddling with her cat Georgia.
Read all posts from Madeleine Muzdakis
Katherine Johnson's work Is finally being recognized! Share
Katherine Johnson's work Is finally being recognized!
Jungle Slotted Spoon
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Caring Mall Santa Goes Above and Beyond to Comfort a Girl Feeling Heartbroken Over the Holidays


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Discrimination against loved ones harms health, too
December 29th, 2016 Posted by Stephenie Livingston-Florida
(Credit: Getty Images)
Discrimination interacts with certain genetic variants to change blood pressure, report researchers.
In addition, discrimination experienced by close friends and family had a more significant impact on study participants than did firsthand experiences, according to Connie Mulligan, a professor with appointments at the University of Florida's anthropology department and Genetics Institute.
"We've been missing a huge factor in explaining racial disparities in disease."
The researchers developed a novel measure of unfair treatment to study the effects of discrimination on health, particularly with respect to racial disparities in complex diseases, which are illnesses resulting from both genetic and environmental factors. They used the measure to investigate hypertension, which is more prevalent among African Americans.
"We've been missing a huge factor in explaining racial disparities in disease," says Mulligan, coauthor of the new study in PLOS ONE. "Our finding of an interaction between genetics and environment could explain why it's been so hard to identify all the risk factors for complex diseases, particularly those that have racial disparities.
Kids suffer when discrimination stresses out mom
"You have to look at genetics and environment in the same study if you're investigating complex diseases like hypertension, certain kinds of cancer, and psychological disorders."
The researchers combined anthropological analysis, including in-depth, ethnographic interviews with 157 AfricanAmericans, with measurements of 30,000 genetic variants and measures of genetic ancestry.
Mulligan and colleagues identified eight significant genetic variants in five genes that were previously associated with cardiovascular disease. They added sociocultural data collected by study coauthor Lance Gravlee, an associate professor of anthropology at the University of Florida, and community partners in Tallahassee, Florida, and their novel measure of vicarious unfair treatment, and tested for interactions between genetic variants and unfair treatment.
This let them identify associations with blood pressure and a new class of genes that previously had been associated with psychosocial distress and mood disorders.
Test suggests North Carolina police target black drivers
The researchers suggest genetic variants that predispose some people to depression, anxiety, or suicide might also make them more sensitive to the effects of discrimination and lead to higher blood pressure. The role of these genes with blood pressure regulation may only become relevant when dealing with the effects of discrimination and could help explain why it's been so difficult to understand racial disparities in disease, Mulligan says.
As for the finding that vicarious discrimination causes greater stress, Mulligan says people may feel they have more control over things experienced personally than acts of discrimination happening to people close to them.
"People may also be reluctant to report personal experiences of discrimination to avoid the stigma, and denial may itself be a coping mechanism," Mulligan says. "It's also likely effects of vicarious unfair treatment may be even greater, since the study did not include events that one hears through the news, such as an act of racial violence."
Mulligan was inspired by the personal history of the study's lead author Jacklyn Quinlan, a former postdoctoral researcher, who tackled the project after the loss of her Caribbean-American husband to a heart attack.
She hopes the new study will broaden the way both the academic and medical fields approach disease. "We're quick to say that racial disparities in disease are due to poverty or access to good healthcare. Or that there might be a genetic basis. Our research suggests it's even more complicated," Mulligan says.
Additional coauthors are from Health Equality Alliance of Tallahassee (HEAT) and the Florida Department of Children and Families Substance Abuse and Mental Health Program, the University of Florida's department of anthropology, Greater Frenchtown Revitalization Council in Tallahassee, and Pennsylvania University's department of anthropology.
Source: University of Florida
Original Study DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167700
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