A recent paper published in the academic journal Cogent Environmental Science presents the results of a multi-stakeholder exercise aimed at identifying conservation priorities in Peninsula Malaysia. The paper ranks 35 conservation priorities and according to the authors this list is, "expected to influence the work of policy-makers and others in Peninsula Malaysia and can be used as a model to identify conservation priorities elsewhere".
By 2025, at least 20% of terrestrial areas and inland waters, and 10% of coastal and marine areas, are conserved through a representative system of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures.
The authors explain that "there is a lack of clear priorities for conservation" in Malaysia, and add that the lack of funds allocated for the environment and related sectors in the 2016 Federal Budget could be interpreted as an example of the low priority given to the environment and biodiversity.
a prioritisation exercise would be useful to guide conservation policy and practice, optimising the limited available resources, especially if it involves the participation of key stakeholders such as government agencies, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), academics and the private sector.
not all relevant stakeholder groups were invited to participate in this prioritisation exercise. Farmers, indigenous communities and poachers were not involved and their views are likely to differ compared with those of the four groups involved.
The multi-stakeholder process involved two workshops held at the University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus and co-hosted by the Malaysian Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment. The themes were identified in the first workshop. Then an online survey was used to identify priority issues. Then another workshop, and another online survey.
The chances of indigenous peoples having any say through this process, let alone having any influence over decisions that will affect their territories and livelihoods, was approximately zero.
Not surprisingly, issues such as the rights of indigenous peoples and land rights do not appear anywhere in the list of conservation priorities produced through this process. No doubt, there are other issues that are crucially important to indigenous peoples in Peninsula Malaysia, but multi-stakeholder processes such as these are designed to exclude their views.
Far from being "a model to identify conservation priorities in other countries", this process is an example of how not to identify conservation priorities.
Tagged Indigenous Peoples, Malaysia, WWF.


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text:
Banner Slides
Press Conference on The Great Green Wall of the Sahara and the Sahel Initiative
Invitation to Representatives of the Media
When: Tuesday 31st July 2018
Time : As from 10 am
Venue: African Union Headquarters, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Who: High level African Union officials on climate change,
Betty G, an Ethiopian pop star and UNHCR ambassador and Malian musician and activist Inna Modja.
What: The African Union and United Nations Convection to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) have partnered to film a documentary on the Great Green Wall of the Sahara and the Sahel Initiative (GGWSSI).
The African Union officials, during the press conference, will provide key insights on where the Great Green Wall stands today, what it will take to achieve this urgent African dream and how this Continent-wide movement to combat desertification. Betty G and Inna Modja, will be recounting their experiences across the Sahel, as well as hopes and ambitions for the future of the Great Green Wall.
A meeting to present the event will hold in the Nelson Mandela Hall, New Conference Center, AUC followed by the Press Conference.
The Great Green Wall of the Sahara and the Sahel Initiative is a pan-African initiative launched in 2007 by the African Union (AU) and UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). The initiative aims to grow an 8,000km-long line of trees and plants across the entire Sahel, from Atlantic coast of Senegal to the east coast of Djibouti in order to; reverse land degradation and desertification in the Sahel and Sahara region, boost food security and support local communities to adapt to climate change.
The initiative bringing together more than 20 countries from the Sahelo-Saharan region including Algeria, Burkina Faso, Benin, Chad, Cape Verde, Djibouti, Egypt, Ethiopia, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Somalia, Sudan, the Gambia and Tunisia.
JOURNALISTS ARE INIVITED TO COVER MASSIVELY AND TO ATTEND THE PRESS CONFERENCE TOMORROW
Esther Tankou | Head of Information Division | Information and Communication Directorate | African Union Commission | Tel: (251) 11 551 77 00 | Fax: (251) 11 551 78 44 | E-mail: YamabouE@africa-union.org | Web: www.au.int|Addis Ababa | Ethiopia
Janet Faith Adhiambo Ochieng, Email: OchiengJ@africa-union.org
Carol Jilombo | Communications officer- CAADP | African Union Commission I E-mail Jilomboc@africaunion.org Directorate of Information and Communication | African Union Commission I E-mail: DIC@african-union.org I Website: www.au.int I Addis Ababa | Ethiopia
For further information: Directorate of Information and Communication | African Union Commission I E-mail: DIC@african-union.org I Website: www.au.int I Addis Ababa | Ethiopia
Follow us –Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/AfricanUnionCommission Twitter - @_Africanunion @Africacdc YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/AUCommission
Media Advisory (EN)
Agriculture, Rural Development, Blue Economy and Sustainable Environment (ARBE)
Menu: DP REA
Rural Economy & Agriculture
Land Governance Strategy
Outlines the principles for protecting rights to the land of Africans and ensures that land is put to good use for sustainable development.
Biennial Review Report: Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP)
This is the Second Biennial Review Report of the African Union Commission — on the Implementation of the Malabo Declaration on Accelerate
Decisions and Declarations
Declaration on Food Security and Nutrition During the COVID-19 Pandemic

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Temflakes403's obnoxiously self-centered blog posting delusions
Watched Ghost in the Shell.
Temflakes403
, October 8th, 2021 at 11:31 PM (758 Views)
It was pretty good. I understand why people were pissed that the 2017 movie sucked balls.
It wasn't too ambitious with its commentary, but the concepts of ghost, hacking, memories and the like were done in a simple yet tasteful way, and the conclusion was rather solid. However, the plot felt not necessarily rushed, but like the climax was not truly palpable. I don't know if it's just too subtle, but it didn't feel like an arc in the biggest sense of the word.
The best part was easily the visuals and the OST, illustrating insanely well everything that was put forth, and ridiculously influencing the next decades of anime and manga. I could even see where some of KATE's Tsuki tracks showed up originally, and a lot of the techier, abstract codespace visuals seemed like the basis for all of Hideo Kojima's tech stuff in Metal Gear. The animation was great too, and the background art was amazing.
Overall, if I had to give it a score, a solid 8.5. Left me wanting in the story department, but it was more out of a lack of key positives than any negatives whatsoever. Everything else though, it did beautifully, no lacks and no negatives.
RS, Brasil
MY BIRTHDAY!!!!!!!!!!!111111 111111111111111
by Sesto
I finally finished a fucking song.
by Temflakes403
Saw Blade Runner
by aldeayeah
Re-reading Stay Night
I got vaccinated.
July 19th, 2022 11:04 PM
January 27th, 2022 02:32 AM
January 16th, 2022 11:48 PM
November 5th, 2021 10:27 PM
October 8th, 2021 11:31 PM
Dullahan,
ItsaRandomUsername,
Kirei_fucker69,
Kubera,
Leftovers,
MuramasaMachII,
Rafflesiac,
Sapos1,


text:
Intentional Peer Support Newsletter June 2020
by Male Survivors Aotearoa | Jun 12, 2020 | News
IPS Statement of Support
Intentional Peer Support stands with all marginalized peoples, especially those of color experiencing harm at the hands of police and those with system and institutional power. We stand shoulder to shoulder with fellow organizations who condemn and are outspoken in their fight against white supremacy in the U.S. and throughout the world. This disregard of basic human rights is ubiquitous, malicious, and must be challenged at every turn. The death of George Floyd – at the hands of police – is yet another graphic reminder of the systemic racism and violence that is increasingly pervasive and incompatible with basic human rights and the values we uphold.
Published in Intentional Peer Support
PS understands that white supremacy is endemic and is expressed in all of the systems that white power has been instrumental in creating. The mental health sector is one such system. IPS is committed, as an organization working primarily in mental health, to confront and eradicate systemic injustice wherever encountered.
There are many lists circulating intended to educate, stimulate and encourage. We'd like to share a couple that have come our way. We acknowledge their US-centric nature and welcome additional resources from other places in the world. We will work to incorporate them into our material.
Support BlackLivesMatter
Take Action with the NAACP
Support Protests with TESA Collective
The IPS Team
By The IPS Team


I received an ARC for this book and voluntarily read and reviewed it. Kimberly Loth continues to tug at heart strings in the finale of her Stella and Sol Series. She continues to surprise us with the twists and turns around every corner. I found myself going into this one a bit heartbroken from the ending of the last, but found myself turning around as things progressed. For being so young, Zwaantie has handled a huge amount and most of it within a year span. She has matured over the course of the books and it really shows in this final installment. She's not the only one though, Leo has matured too. Though we didn't see it the same way we saw Zwaantie's, it was still there. Queen of the Dawn proves that life doesn't always go how we plan it. Things are thrown at us from every angle and it's up to us to sit back and take it or stand up and change it. The only thing I found myself missing / wishing for was some type of epilogue. I wanted to know if things remained the same, if things changed. But overall, Queen of the Dawn was a fantastic wrap up to an amazing series.
"...Once Ari decided he had to have her, every action he had was for her, and when she was in the room, he saw no one else."


Do you want to have an extra special vacation in Dublin? At Apex Luxury Car Hire, we take pride for offering our clients the best experience possible in their trips to major cities across the globe. Using our luxury car hire, you can rent a Pagani in Dublin and have the opportunity to cruise around town in your dream car. Dublin serves as the capital city of Ireland. Despite its small size, the city is home to one third of the total population of the country. You can only imagine how busy every nook and corner of the city is with such a great number of residents.
What's great is that the local folks are some of the friendliest people you will ever meet. You can feel comfortable striking a conversation with them and even enjoying a drink or two at a local bar. Kilmainham Gaol is one of the most interesting places you can visit in the city. Situated just outside the city center, this building is the largest unoccupied jail in Europe. This is also the setting for the execution of the rebels during the 1916 Easter Rising.
Merrion Square should also be in your must see list. It is one of the biggest squares you can find in all of Ireland. Boasting of vast green areas with the 3 iconic Georgian style houses, this is an ideal location for spending a usually afternoon with your friends and family. You can also find a statue of Oscar Wilde, the famous Irish writer and dramatist. Some of the most popular tourist attractions you should also visit here include the Castle, National Museum of Ireland, Jeanie Johnston Famine Ship Museum, General Post Office, Christ Church Cathedral, and the Writers Museum.
In order to introduce a breath of fresh air to your travel experience, consider renting a sports car in your trip to Ireland. A Pagani rental in Dublin can instantly improve your vacation, allowing you to visit to the multitude of different attractions all over the city in style. Surely, you will turn heads wherever you go. In 1983, Horacio Pagani went to Italy in a quest to achieve his dreams of building a supercar. Through persistence, hard work, and dedication, he eventually fulfilled his lifelong dream. The Pagani started to make waves in the automotive industry in 1999, when the Zonda C12 highlighted the Geneva Motor Show.
At Apex Luxury Car Hire, we offer several models from this prestigious car brand. Among the favorite picks of our clients are Zonda, Huayra, and C9. All of these cars are powered by a V12 engine. You will certainly have a thrilling driving experience, as each time you step on the pedal provides loads of power. Getting to enjoy a luxury driving experience doesn't entail shelling out a boatload of money to purchase one of its models. At Apex Luxury Car Hire, you can hire a Pagani in Dublin and experience traveling a remarkable city in an elegant, distinctive, and powerful sports car.


We are delighted to hold Connection Camp 2019 at beautiful Camp Louemma, nestled into a charming lakeside in Sussex, NJ. Located under two hours from New York City and under three from Philadelphia, Camp Louemma boasts a nostalgic summer camp feel, with open fields, hiking trails, and private lake access as the perfect environment to retreat from the hustle and bustle of the daily grind and dive deep into exploration and play with the Connection Camp community.
Buses #196 and #197 are available from the Port Authority Bus Terminal to Warwick, New York. Taxicabs are available in Warwick for transportation to camp. As Camp approaches, you'll be connected to a coordinator who can help you with transportation.
Driving and have extra seats in your car? Coming to camp but don't have wheels and would rather skip the bus? Why not help reduce your environmental impact and make some new friends before you even get to camp by ride-sharing!
Once you are registered for camp, visit our event page on Facebook where you can reach out to fellow campers to offer a seat in your vehicle or request a carpool.
Take Route 80 West to the Butler-Verona exit (Route 23). Follow signs to Route 23 North (In the direction of Butler). Continue northbound on Route 23 past the town of Hamburg (approximately 33 miles) until you see the Sussex Queen Diner. Make the next right turn onto Route 565 North at the traffic light right after the diner. Take Route 565 North approximately 7 miles until you reach Glenwood Mountain Road and turn left. Make a right turn onto Louemma Lane and follow signs to Camp Louemma. Please drive slowly on dirt road into camp.
Take the New Jersey Turnpike North to Route 80 West. Follow directions above.
Take the Harriman exit to route 17 West to Exit 124-Goshen. Take Route 17A South and follow signs to Pine Island. Be sure to make a right turn onto Pulaski Highway (small street sign, so look carefully). After stop sign in Pine Island, continue straight. Road becomes Route 517 in New Jersey. Continue on Route 517 to Route 565, turning right onto route 565. After passing Vernon Township High School, make the next right turn onto Glenwood Montain Road. Make another right turn onto Louemma Lane. Follow signs to Camp Louemma. Please drive slowly on dirt road into camp. (It is approximately 13 miles from Route 17 to Camp Louemma).
Take Route 287 North to Route 23 North (In the direction of Butler). Continue northbound on Route 23 past the town of Hamburg until you see the Sussex Queen Diner. Make the next right turn onto Route 565 North at the traffic light right after the diner. Take Route 565 North for approximately 7 miles until you reach Glenwood Mountain Road and turn left. Make a right turn onto Louemma Lane and follow signs to Camp Louemma. Please drive slowly on dirt road into camp.


text:
Five Basic Needs of Infants and Toddlers
By: Kathryn Walsh
From a helpless newborn to an active toddler, your child covers a great deal of developmental ground in the first few years of life.
Encouraging and supporting his growth is a big job, and it can feel overwhelming. Focus on tending to his five biggest needs first -- and take pride in the fact that you're probably already meeting them.
Adequate Sleep
Sleep is crucial for a young child's development. By 2 years old, the typical child will have spent more than half his life asleep, according to the National Sleep Foundation (NSF). A newborn needs anywhere from 10 1/2 to 19 hours of sleep every 24 hours, consisting of chunks of sleep lasting from a few minutes to several hours, advises the NSF.
An older infant may sleep between nine and 12 hours each night and take several naps during the day. Between the ages of 1 and 3, a child typically needs 12 to 14 hours of sleep per day, including one or two naps.
Nutritious Food
The 6 Behavioral States of a Newborn
During the first six months of life, a baby's nutritional needs are best met through breastfeeding or, if breastfeeding isn't an option, formula. She will need to eat every few hours as a newborn and then gradually less frequently. Introduce solid foods when she can hold her head up and can move food from a spoon into her throat, according to HealthyChildren, but continue feeding her breast milk or formula until at least 12 months. A toddler requires between 1,000 and 1,400 calories per day, made up of the same food groups you require, advises KidsHealth. Toddlers are at risk for iron deficiency and should be served iron-rich foods such as fortified cereal.
In order for a young child to grow and explore safely, he needs a safe environment. His home should have sturdy baby gates at the top of each staircase and childproof locks on cabinets. Weapons and choking hazards such as window cords must always be kept out of reach.
A baby needs a crib free of pillows, stuffed animals and other suffocation risks.
Infants and toddlers also need regular medical care, including vaccinations to protect them from illness. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends children receive 10 different types of immunizations before they are 23 months old.
Why Do Toddlers Wake Up Crying?
Though your infant may not appear to do much as she sits in her car seat, she's constantly learning. The "wiring system" of your baby's brain is forming during this period, explains the California Childcare Health Program, and stimulation is how the brain makes and strengthens connections.
Your child needs to touch different textures, smell and taste new things, hear music and voices and see new sights in order to learn and understand the world. She also needs to be allowed to crawl, walk, run and climb in order to build physical strength.
Your child needs to feel strongly bonded to his primary caregiver in order to feel secure. Having that bond can also positively affect a young child's self-esteem and social and cognitive development, according to KidsHealth.
Making eye contact, snuggling and speaking to your child with a calm and loving voice will strengthen your bond. Responding quickly to his signals -- such as picking him up when he starts to cry -- will also show him that he can depend on you.
Development of Your 14-Month-Old
What to Expect from a 3-Week-Old Baby
Should You Put Cereal in a Baby's Bottle?
How to Interact With a Newborn
How Much Sleep Should a 17-Month-Old Baby Get?
What Does a Baby Look Like at 23 Weeks Gestation?
The Best Foods for a 1-Year-Old
Advice for a One Year Old Baby Who Won't Sleep
National Sleep Foundation: Children and Sleep
HealthyChildren.org: Switching to Solid Foods
KidsHealth.org: Nutrition Guide for Toddlers
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: 2014 Recommended Immunizations for Children from Birth Through 6 Years Old
California Childcare Health Program: Building Baby's Intelligence: Why Infant Stimulation Is So Important
KidsHealth.org: Bonding with Your Baby
Cooking, travel and parenting are three of Kathryn Walsh's passions. She makes chicken nuggets during days nannying, whips up vegetarian feasts at night and road trips on weekends. Her work has appeared to The Syracuse Post-Standard and insider magazine. Walsh received a master's degree in journalism from Syracuse University.


A miniature water heating system offering variable heat output. Incorporates automatic heat regulation, minimising fuel and power consumption.
For pre-heating cars, central heating for boats, where it can also be used to provide hot water via an indirect tank for washing, etc.


There are many other things that we do outside that can help our environment.
Pick up your pet's waste when you're in your backyard, at the local park, or on a walk in your community. When it rains, water runs along the ground picking up your pet's waste and the bacteria found in it and goes directly into our storm drains that flow untreated into our waterways.
When washing your car, take your car to a car wash because they collect and recycle the water to use again. If you want to wash your car at home, wash it on your grass so that the water can be absorbed by the ground and not run off into storm drains.
Disconnect your downspouts by positioning them to drain onto a grassed area where it can soak into the ground instead of running off into storm drains.
Create a compost pile in your backyard to recycle your kitchen scraps and leaves into nutrient-rich topsoil.
Learn about rain barrels, how to make one and there benefits here.
Check out our interactive house to learn more ways to help our environment.


Anyone from hipster stargazer to rocket-building engineer will appreciate the kooky timekeeping style of the Nooka Zub Zirc 20 Watch. This digital piece doesnt have hands, rather 12 dots that each fills in as the hours tick away. If youre really detailed, the horizontal bar on the bottom of the face fills in with every minute of the day and a small window to the right displays secondsand thats just watch mode. Set the alarm mode to wake up early and switch to the chronograph (stopwatch) to time your morning beach run. Not only do you have the time, you also have a fashionably hip wrist watch that doesnt fall into a specific lifestyle.


text:
Q: Google maps MarkerClusterer and spiderify integration I am new to google maps API. We already have a developed google maps API integration with markerclusterer and all the nodes are clustered. But the problem is with the nodes with same coordinates. They are overlapping and only the first node is visible.
I have gone through many threads with OverlappingMarkerSpiderfier solution. But the problem i'm facing is that i'm not able to integrate the same with existing code.
In current code we are actually looping through data and creating markers for the same with markerhtml as the marker message and then calling a function which inturn calls the addlistener method for click function which takes marker and markerhtml as input and setcontent into infoWindow. At last we add the marker into the markers array.
My explanation about the problem may not be appropriate as i'm new to this and learning. Can anyone please guide me with steps of integrating existing markerclusterer with spiderify.
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">

    <meta content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" http-equiv="content-type">

    <link href="main.css" charset="UTF-8" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all">
    <link href="map.css" charset="UTF-8" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all">
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="main.css">

map.js
// Show the overlay layered and popup div
  function showPopup(id) {
    var overlaypopup = document.getElementById('dialog-overlay');
    overlaypopup.style.display = 'block';
    var popup = document.getElementById(id);
    popup.style.display = 'block';
  }

  // Hide the overlay layered and popup div
  function hidePopup(id) {
    var overlaypopup = document.getElementById('dialog-overlay');
    overlaypopup.style.display = 'none';
    var popup = document.getElementById(id);
    popup.style.display = 'none';
  }

// Inventory file Path and inventory names variables
            var INVENTORY_FILE_PATH = '<inventory_Data>'
            var INVENTORY_TYPE_AB = 'AB';
            var INVENTORY_TYPE_MF = 'MF';
            var INVENTORY_TYPE_PF = 'PF';

            var RED_STATUS =2;
            var BLUE_STATUS =1;
            var GREEN_STATUS =0;

            // Default google map init variables
            var MAP_INIT_LAT =  22;
            var MAP_INIT_LNG =  80;
            var MAP_INIT_ZOOM = 4;
            //var MAP_INIT_MAX_ZOOM = 16;

            // Marker Cluster init params
            var MAX_MAP_CLUSTER_ZOOM = 13;
            var MAX_MAP_CLUSTER_GRIDSIZE = 50;

            // Link to icons for inventory
            var BLUE = './images/blue_oneLinkDown.png';
            var RED = './images/red_siteDown.png';
            var GREEN = './images/green_allLinkUp.png';

            var MARKER_INFO_WINDOW_WIDTH = 50;
            var MARKER_INFO_WINDOW_HEIGHT = 50;

            var REFRESH_TIME = 10000 * 1500;

            var markerSearch;  //
            var map;
            var oms;
            var markers = [];
            var filterMarker = [];
            //var markerWindowHtmls = [];

            var markerCluster = null;
            var mcOptions = {gridSize: MAX_MAP_CLUSTER_GRIDSIZE, maxZoom: MAX_MAP_CLUSTER_ZOOM};

            var searchedMarker;
            var idleMapZoomListener;

            // Bounds for United Kingdom
            var strictBounds = new google.maps.LatLngBounds(
                new google.maps.LatLng(8.13, 77.42),
                new google.maps.LatLng(33.04, 76.79)

            );
            // Marker information window
            var markerInfowindow = new google.maps.InfoWindow(
                    { content: '',
                      size: new google.maps.Size( MARKER_INFO_WINDOW_WIDTH, MARKER_INFO_WINDOW_HEIGHT)
                    });

            // Initilize and load the google map when page is loaded
            function initialize() {

                var center = new google.maps.LatLng(MAP_INIT_LAT,MAP_INIT_LNG);

                map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById('map'), {
                    zoom: MAP_INIT_ZOOM,
                    //maxZoom: MAP_INIT_MAX_ZOOM,
                    center: center,
                    mapTypeId: google.maps.MapTypeId.ROADMAP
                });

                alert("TEST");
                // Create OverlappingMarkerSpiderfier instsance
                oms = new OverlappingMarkerSpiderfier(map);
                alert(oms);

                microAjax(INVENTORY_FILE_PATH, processMarkers );

                // Listen for the dragend event
                google.maps.event.addListener(map, 'dragend', function() {

                    if (strictBounds.contains(map.getCenter())) {
                    return;
                    }

                    // We're out of bounds - Move the map back within the bounds

                    var c = map.getCenter(),
                    x = c.lng(),
                    y = c.lat(),
                    maxX = strictBounds.getNorthEast().lng(),
                    maxY = strictBounds.getNorthEast().lat(),
                    minX = strictBounds.getSouthWest().lng(),
                    minY = strictBounds.getSouthWest().lat();

                     if (x < minX) x = minX;
                     if (x > maxX) x = maxX;
                     if (y < minY) y = minY;
                     if (y > maxY) y = maxY;

                     map.setCenter(new google.maps.LatLng(y, x));

                });

                // This is necessary to make the Spiderfy work
                  oms.addListener('click', function(marker)
                  {
                    markerInfowindow.setContent(marker.desc);
                    markerInfowindow.open(map, marker);
                  });

            }

            function attachMarkerMessage(marker, message) {
                alert("Inside attachMarkerMessage");
                /*google.maps.event.addListener(marker, 'click', function() {
                    markerInfowindow.setContent(message);
                    markerInfowindow.open(map,marker);
                    });*/

            }

            // Reads the inventory file and creates all Marker for each item.
            processMarkers = function (markerdoc) {

            lines = markerdoc.split("\n");

                var lat;
                var lng;
                var marker;
                var markerHtml;
                var markerLatLng;
                var lineSplit = [];
                var currMarkerIcon;
                var option;
                var searchMarkerSelect = document.getElementById("markerSearchSelect");

                for (var i=0; i < lines.length; i++) {
                  if ( lines[i].length > 1) {
                     lineSplit = lines[i].split(",");

                        if ( lineSplit.length  == 16 ) {
                            lat = parseFloat(lineSplit[12]);
                            lng  = parseFloat(lineSplit[13]);

                                     if (lat != 'NaN' & lng != 'NaN')
                                    {

                                        if (lineSplit[14] == GREEN_STATUS)  {

                                                currMarkerIcon = GREEN;
                                        }
                                        else if (lineSplit[14] == RED_STATUS)
                                        {
                                            currMarkerIcon = RED;
                                        }
                                        else if (lineSplit[14] == BLUE_STATUS)
                                        {
                                            currMarkerIcon = BLUE;
                                        }

                                        markerLatLng = new google.maps.LatLng( parseFloat(lineSplit[12]), parseFloat(lineSplit[13]) );
                                        marker = new google.maps.Marker({
                                            position: markerLatLng,
                                            title: lineSplit[1],
                                            optimized: false,
                                            icon: currMarkerIcon
                                        });

                                        marker.set('LOCATION', lineSplit[0].trim());

                                        markerHtml = 'LOCATION: ' + lineSplit[0]+'';

                                        marker.desc = markerHtml;
                                        alert(marker.desc);
                                        //attachMarkerMessage (marker, markerHtml);
                                        oms.addMarker(marker);
                                        alert(oms);
                                        markers.push(marker);
                                    }
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ( markerCluster == null ) {
                    markerCluster = new MarkerClusterer(map, filterMarker, {imagePath: 'images/m', maxZoom: 15});

                } else {
                    markerCluster.clearMarkers();
                    markerCluster.addMarkers(filterMarker, false);
                    //markerCluster.redraw();
                }

            }

            function showMarkerInfo(index){

                hidePopup('popup');

                idleMapZoomListener = google.maps.event.addListener(map, 'idle', function() {
                         google.maps.event.trigger(filterMarker[index], "click");

                         google.maps.event.removeListener(idleMapZoomListener);
                    });

                if (map.getZoom() == 16 ) {
                    map.setZoom(17);
                } else {
                    map.setZoom(16);
                }

            }

            google.maps.event.addDomListener(window, 'load', initialize);

its not able to create instance
oms = new OverlappingMarkerSpiderfier(map);
Uncaught ReferenceError: OverlappingMarkerSpiderfier is not defined

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Teen Girls? Poor Diets Are Worrying Doctors
May 7, 2021 sportsmedicineweekly Blog, KarenMalkin, Nutrition, Performance, Prevention, Science, Youth Comments Off on Teen Girls? Poor Diets Are Worrying Doctors
Doctors and nutrition experts are increasingly alarmed by the widespread low intake of key nutrients among preteen and teen girls, and are warning that poor diets are likely to cause both immediate issues such as poor school performance and long-term health problems like osteoporosis.
?This is the stuff that keeps me up at night,? says Regan Lucas Bailey, a nutrition science professor at Purdue University. Dr. Bailey and others are worried not only about the health effects of poor diet on the girls themselves but also on the health of any children they might have in the future. ?Going into reproductive age at nutrition risk can cause intergenerational effects,? Dr. Bailey says.
Adolescent girls aren?t getting enough of a host of important vitamins and minerals, including vitamin D, calcium, folate and iron. About 80% of adolescent girls consume less calcium a day than recommended, according to a report produced by a federal committee that provided recommendations for an update to the?Dietary Guidelines for Americans?released in December. And about 20% of girls are anemic, a condition that can be caused by low iron consumption and can affect cognitive function and mood. The committee, composed of 20 doctors and academics, warned about the low intake of important nutrients among adolescents several times?in its scientific report, calling it ?a public health challenge.? Meanwhile, doctors say that teens? eating habits have worsened during the pandemic.
Iron-rich meat, poultry and eggs are among the foods doctors recommend to help adolescent girls avoid anemia, a condition that can affect cognitive function and mood.
Girls?and?indeed most Americans?are also consuming too much sodium, which can raise blood pressure and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, and added sugar, which?is contributing to rising rates of obesity, doctors and nutrition experts say.
During the pandemic, Ellen Rome, head of the Center for Adolescent Medicine at Cleveland Clinic Children?s Hospital, says she is seeing bored teens who are eating too much and gaining weight, and stressed-out teens who are eating too little, losing weight and being admitted to the hospital with ?low heart rate and no periods.? The Center of Excellence in Eating and Weight Disorders at Mount Sinai Health System in New York saw 520 new families in 2020, up from about 300 in 2019, according to Tom Hildebrandt, the center?s chief.
Most Americans of all ages don?t come close to meeting the dietary guidelines. But adolescents fall the most short. For example, 98.8% of 14- to 18-year-old girls and 98.5% of 14- to 18-year-old boys?eat less than the recommended amount?of vegetables, according to an analysis of government data by the scientific committee and scientists at the U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. By comparison, 76.6% of 51- to 70-year-old women and 85.6% of 51- to 70-year-old men do. The analysis was based partly on interviews conducted by USDA and HHS with a sample of Americans of all ages in which participants were asked to recall everything they ate and drank during two 24-hour periods. The government conducts these interviews with about 5,000 people each year.
Adolescent boys aren?t getting enough of many important nutrients, too: Like girls, they don?t consume enough phosphorus, magnesium and choline. But girls face particular diet-related health issues, such as anemia and poor bone health that can lead to osteoporosis in later life. ?Adolescent girls gain 40% to 60% of their bone mass between 11 and 14 years of age,? notes Dr. Rome, which is why calcium, vitamin D and magnesium are so critical during this time. But 94.3% of 14- to 18-year-old girls eat less than the recommended amount of dairy foods, which are good sources of calcium and vitamin D. And 53.6% eat less than the recommended amounts of iron-rich meat, poultry and eggs, according to the analysis of government data.
About 21% of U.S. 12- to 19-year-olds are obese,?according to 2017-2018 figures?from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. That is up from about 18% in 2007-2008. Teens can have low intakes of important nutrients and be overweight, says George Fuchs, vice chair for clinical affairs in the department of pediatrics at the University of Kentucky College of Medicine and Kentucky Children?s Hospital. ?They are getting excess calories and not sufficient amounts of micronutrients,? he says, noting that junk foods such as sodas, sweets and fast food are often low in important vitamins and minerals. Almost all, or 95.2%, of 9- to 13-year-old girls get more than the recommended amount of calories from added sugars and solid fats, according to the analysis of government data. Obesity during adolescence often leads to obesity in adulthood, which raises the risk of Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and several types of cancer.
Doctors are concerned about the potential health impacts of adolescent girls? eating patterns on their future children. Teens? eating habits often continue into adulthood. And children born to women who are obese while pregnant have a higher risk of obesity and Type 2 diabetes themselves. Part of the risk is behavioral: Children pick up eating habits from their parents. Also, being exposed to deficits of some nutrients and excess calories in utero?particularly from fats and carbohydrates?can cause changes in gene expression that ?trigger all sorts of pathogenic pathways including promoting obesity,? says Dana Dabelea, a professor of epidemiology and pediatrics at the Colorado School of Public Health, Anschutz Medical Campus. These epigenetic changes can affect the development of children?s fat tissue and when they feel full, she says.
While toddlers are assumed to be the pickiest eaters, Dr. Bailey says actually adolescence is ?the life stage characterized by the lowest dietary diversity.? Teens ?eat a limited number of foods and it is a time where there is often dieting and restrictive eating behaviors,? she says. Teens also have the lowest use of dietary supplements. They also tend to skip breakfast, a meal that often features nutrient dense foods such as yogurt, eggs and fortified cereals, says Dr. Bailey, who was a member of the federal scientific committee that provided recommendations for the update to the dietary guidelines. And they opt instead to eat more of their calories at night, when fast food, sodas and chips are more likely to be chosen.
Dr. Hildebrandt notes that many high schools have short lunch periods?and socializing and eating compete with each other. ?You go to the thing you can eat the quickest and most conveniently. Those foods tend not to have the full, adequate nutrition,? he says.
Sometimes teens? efforts to be healthy can backfire. Dr. Rome says she has seen problems with teens using diet and fitness apps ?telling them incorrect information for their actual age and stage? and leading children into a cycle of undereating and then bingeing. Some teens who follow vegan or vegetarian diets have difficulty getting adequate amounts of iron and vitamin D, she says. They also may not get enough protein, fat and carbohydrates.
Many teens don?t get enough sleep. And not sleeping enough is linked to eating foods that are high in sugar and fat, says Marie-Pierre St-Onge, associate professor of nutritional medicine at Columbia University Irving Medical Center in New York. Because of changes in circadian rhythm, teens tend to naturally fall asleep later and get up later. Early school start times can interfere with that. A study published in 2018 in the Journal of Adolescent Health found that later school start times?were linked to lower body-mass index?in a group of more than 29,000 Canadian students aged 10 to 18.
The most powerful single move parents can make to improve their teens? diets is not to buy sugary drinks, says Elizabeth Mayer-Davis, chair of the department of nutrition at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. And it is even better if you can replace those drinks with healthy foods such as fruits and vegetables that contain important nutrients, says Dr. Mayer-Davis, who was also a member of the federal scientific committee. Even though your teen may still buy sodas when they are away from home, a no-sugary-drinks-in-the-house rule will still help. ?You?re modeling good behavior and you?re demonstrating alternatives,? Dr. Mayer-Davis says.
By Andrea Peterson for The Wall Street Journal
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Exchange Rate Assessments : CGER Methodologies
Jaewoo Lee, Jonathan Ostry, Alessandro Prati, Luca Ricci, and Gian Milesi-Ferretti
The rapid increase in international trade and financial integration over the past decade and the growing importance of emerging markets in world trade and GDP have inspired the IMF to place stronger emphasis on multilateral surveillance, macro-financial linkages, and the implications of globalization. The IMF's Consultative Group on Exchange Rate Issues (CGER)--formed in the mid-1990s to provide exchange rate assessments for a number of advanced economies from a multilateral perspective--has therefore broadened its mandate to cover both key advanced economies and major emerging market economies. This Occasional Paper summarizes the methodologies that underpin the expanded analysis.
Exchange Rate Assessments
I Overview
II Macroeconomic Balance Approach
III Equilibrium Real Exchange Rate Approach
IV External Sustainability
V Conclusions
Theoretical Background and Variable Definitions
Estimation Results
Equilibrium Real Exchange Rates
Econometric Methodology
The reduced-form equilibrium real exchange rate (ERER) approach to exchange rate assessment consists of three steps. First, panel regression techniques are used to estimate an equilibrium relationship between real exchange rates and a set of fundamentals. Second, equilibrium real exchange rates are computed as a function of the medium-term level of the fundamentals. Third, the magnitude of the exchange rate adjustment that would restore equilibrium is calculated directly as the difference between each country's actual real exchange rate and the equilibrium value identified in the second step.
Since 2003, the IMF's CGER assessments have used the ERER approach for 11 advanced economies. This section presents an updated methodology for estimating equilibrium real exchange rates for 48 countries over 1980–2004, which, as discussed below, also includes factors specific to emerging markets. For a more extensive presentation of the methodologies, see Ricci, Milesi-Ferretti, and Lee (2008).18
The literature on the determinants of real exchange rates is very extensive (see, for example, the surveys by Froot and Rogoff, 1995; Rogoff, 1996; and, for developing countries, Edwards, 1989; Hinkle and Montiel, 1999; and Edwards and Savastano, 2000).19 Empirical analyses differ in the choice of underlying real exchange rate fundamentals, in part because of data availability considerations. In the econometric analysis of this section, the CPI-based real effective exchange rate, defined as the ratio of domestic consumer prices to a weighted index (exchange-rate-adjusted) of consumer prices in trading partners, is expected to depend on the following six fundamentals:20
Net foreign assets. Standard intertemporal macroeconomic models predict that debtor countries will need a more depreciated real exchange rate to generate the trade surpluses necessary to service their external liabilities. Conversely, economies with relatively high NFA can "afford" more appreciated real exchange rates—and the associated trade deficits—while remaining solvent.21 The stock of net foreign assets is scaled by each country's trade (the sum of exports and imports).
Productivity differential. According to the so-called Balassa-Samuelson effect, if productivity in the tradables sector grows faster than in the nontradables sector, the resulting higher wages in the tradables sector will put upward pressure on wages in the nontradables sector, resulting in a higher relative price of nontradables (i.e., a real appreciation). The productivity differential used in the specification below is the difference in output per worker in tradables and nontradables production (relative to trading partners), and is expected to have a positive effect on the ERER.22
Commodity terms of trade. Higher commodity terms of trade should appreciate the real exchange rate through real income or wealth effects.23 The variable used below is a weighted average of the main commodity export prices (where country-specific weights reflect the share of particular commodities in a country's overall exports) divided by a weighted average of the main commodity import prices. All commodity prices are calculated relative to the price of manufacturing exports of advanced economies.
Government consumption. Higher government consumption (as a ratio to GDP) is likely to appreciate the real exchange rate to the extent that such consumption falls more on nontradables than tradables, thereby raising the relative price of the former (Ostry, 1994; and De Gregorio, Giovannini, and Wolf, 1994).
Trade restriction index. Trade restrictions may lead to higher domestic prices and more appreciated real exchange rates (Edwards and Ostry, 1990; Ostry, 1991; and Goldfajn and Valdes, 1999). The trade restriction index used below is a dummy variable that takes a value of 1 before liberalization and a value of 0 after liberalization, according to the liberalization years coded by Sachs and Warner (1995) and Wacziarg and Welch (2003).24
Price controls. The share of administered prices in the consumer price index (CPI) basket is a proxy for the deviation of prices from their market value in transition economies. As price controls are removed, the rise in administered prices toward market levels—and hence the rise in the consumer price index— would tend to be accompanied by a real appreciation. A lower share of administered prices in the consumer price index is thus expected to be associated with a more appreciated real exchange rate in transition economies.
The first column in Table 3 reports the estimated equilibrium long-run (cointegrating) relationship between the real exchange rate and the aforementioned set of explanatory variables, including a set of country-specific constant terms (the estimation methodology and robustness tests are described in Appendix 3.1).25 The specification in column 2 also includes a parsimonious set of coefficients and dummy variables, which help control for country/region-specific factors or structural breaks (see Appendix 3.1 for details).
The estimated coefficient on the net foreign asset variable scaled by trade is about 0.04. A deterioration of the ratio of net foreign assets to trade of about 50 percentage points (as experienced by the United States between 2001 and 2005) would imply a depreciation of the equilibrium exchange rate by about 2 percent.
A 10 percent increase in the domestic productivity of tradables relative to nontradables (relative to the corresponding variable for trading partner countries) tends to appreciate a country's equilibrium exchange rate by about 1 to 2 percent in most countries, and up to 13 percent in Central and Eastern European countries.26
A 10 percent increase in the commodity terms of trade implies an equilibrium appreciation of about 4 to 6 percent. As an example, between 2001 and 2005 Venezuela's terms of trade improved by about 50 percent, implying an appreciation in its equilibrium real effective exchange rate of about 20 to 30 percent.
An increase in the government consumption to GDP ratio of 1 percentage point is associated with an appreciation of the equilibrium real exchange rate of 2½ to 3 percent.
A move to a liberalized trade regime, as in the example of Brazil around 1990, would depreciate the equilibrium real exchange rate by 12.14 percent.
The elimination of administered prices in 7 percent of the price basket (one unit of the index on the share of administrative prices) is associated with an appreciation of the real exchange rate by about 2 to 4 percent. As an example, the Slovak Republic experienced a liberalization of prices accounting for about 20 percent of the price basket between 1997 and 2004, which would be associated with an equilibrium appreciation of the real exchange rate of about 6 to 12 percent.
Table 3.Equilibrium Real Exchange Rate Approach: Regressions
Net foreign assets 0.04*** 0.04***
Productivity differential
All countries 0.19*** 0.12*
Central and Eastern … 1.30***
Commodity terms of trade 0.55*** 0.39***
Government consumption 2.91*** 2.65***
Trade restriction index 0.12*** 0.14***
Price controls −0.04** −0.02
Observations 861 861
Adjusted R2 0.6 0.62
Note: Column (2) includes a parsimonious set of coefficients and dummy variables, which help control for country/region-specific factors or structural breaks (see Appendix 3.1 for details).*,**, and *** indicate significance at the 10, 5, and 1 percent level, respectively, based on standard errors robust to serial correlation.
Equilibrium real exchange rates are computed by evaluating the relationship between the real exchange rate and the fundamentals at an appropriate level of those fundamentals. The ERER approach computes twosets of equilibrium real exchange rates based, respectively, on the current value of fundamentals and their projected medium-term value (WEO projections).27
Equilibrium real exchange rates also reflect the estimated value of the country-specific constants, which are equal to the average of each country's real exchange rate over the sample period. Whenever the sample period is short, as in the case of the Central and Eastern European countries, or there is a "peso problem" (i.e., systematic overvaluation or undervaluation for a prolonged period of time), caution is warranted in interpreting the estimates of the country-specific constants as the average value anchoring each country's equilibrium real exchange rate.
The magnitude of the exchange rate adjustment that would restore equilibrium is calculated directly as the difference between each country's current real exchange rate and two possible equilibrium values, corresponding to current or medium-term fundamentals. A final step in the ERER approach—like in the MB approach—is to impose multilateral consistency of the estimated exchange rate adjustments by applying a common correction factor, as explained in Section II.
The ERER approach does not yield in and of itself any indication of how quickly the exchange rate would adjust to restore equilibrium. To gain some insight into this issue, the long-run model was estimated with an error-correction specification. The results suggest that, on average, two and a half years are enough to halve the gap between actual and equilibrium exchange rates for both advanced and emerging economies (or, equivalently, the gap closes by about one-fourth within a year).
While the econometric model captures the broad trends in real exchange rate behavior, estimates of equilibrium real exchange rates are unavoidably subject to significant uncertainty. In particular, the forecast standard error of the real exchange rate is about 12 percent, which is reduced to 7–8 percent if one accounts for factors driving the real exchange rate in the short run through an error-correction specification.
Appendix 3.1. ERER Approach: Data and Methodology
The sample includes 48 countries for the period 1980 to 2004. From the 54 countries used in the MB approach, the following six countries were excluded from the ERER approach owing to data availability: Algeria, Croatia, Egypt, Israel, Luxembourg, and Tunisia. This subsection describes in detail the construction of the variables used in the ERER approach.
Real effective exchange rate is based on consumer price index (CPI) and new competitiveness weights constructed from 1999–2001 data (Bayoumi, Lee, and Jayanthi, 2006). The nominal exchange rate and CPI were obtained from IFS, and the euro area aggregate exchange rate (prior to 1999) was obtained from the European Central Bank.
Productivity of tradables and nontradables relative to trading partners. Productivity, measured as output per worker, is calculated on the basis of a newly constructed data set for output and employment for a six-sector classification (or three-sector when the six-sector data were not available). In the six-sector classification, the tradable sector includes agriculture, hunting, forestry, and fishing; mining, manufacturing, and utilities; and transport, storage, and communication, whereas the nontradable sector includes construction; wholesale and retail trade; and other services. In the three-sector classification, the tradable sector includes agriculture and industry. The sources are the United Nations Statistics Division, International Labor Office Bureau of Statistics, Eurostat, World Bank, Groningen Growth and Development Centre, CEIC database, IMF country desks, and national authorities.28A few missing observations were filled using the sectoral shares for adjacent years and aggregate data. Series for trading partners were constructed by applying the competitiveness weights to productivity series that were extended when data were missing for a few early or late years (using the trends over the adjacent three-year period). Robustness checks were undertaken using relative productivity measures that either exclude the volatile agricultural sector for some countries (Chile, Colombia, Morocco, Peru, South Africa, Turkey, Poland, Thailand, Malaysia, Mexico, and New Zealand) or are constructed from employment series smoothed with a Hodrick-Prescott filter.
Commodity-based terms of trade is the ratio of a weighted average price of the main commodity exports to a weighted average price of the main commodity imports. The index is constructed from the prices of six commodity categories (food, fuels, agricultural raw materials, metals, gold, and beverages), measured against the manufacturing unit value index (MUV) of the IMF's World Economic Outlook. These relative commodity prices of six categories are weighted by the time average (over 1980–2001) of export and import shares of each commodity category in total trade (exports and imports of goods and services). The terms of trade index is the ratio of aggregate indexes of commodity exports and imports, as follows:
where i represents the six commodity categories; Xji is the share of exports of commodity i in country j' s total trade, averaged over 1980–2001; and Mji is the share of imports of commodity i in country j' s total trade, averaged over 1980–2001.
The prices (Pi) of the six commodity categories are obtained from the database of the RES Commodities Unit. Exports and imports by commodity category are obtained from the United Nations Common Format for Transient Data Exchange (COMTRADE) data at SITC two-digit level; South Africa's gold export series is obtained from national sources.
Trade data are obtained from the IFS and extended using WEO data. Pre-1998 merchandise trade for the euro area are constructed on the basis of COMTRADE data.29 Singapore's exports are adjusted for re-exports.
Net foreign assets to trade is the ratio of net foreign assets at the end of the previous period to the average exports and imports (in goods and nonfactor services) of the previous period. The net foreign asset data are from Lane and Milesi-Ferretti (2007b).
Government consumption—to-GDP ratio is defined as the ratio of government consumption (purchases of goods and services plus government wages) to GDP. The main source is OECD, Annual National Income Accounts, and missing observations are spliced using the IFS or WEO data.
Trade restriction index takes the value of 0 during years of liberalization and 1 during years of restriction. It is constructed on the basis of the liberalization years suggested by Sachs and Warner (1995), and extended for recent years by Wacziarg and Welch (2003).
Share of administered prices (for transition economies only) is constructed by the EBRD as the number of categories with administered prices out of a basket of 15 categories (EBRD, 2005). Hence a unit increase in this variable corresponds to an increase in the share of administered prices corresponding to about 7 percent of the CPI basket. This variable is available for the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Russia, Slovak Republic, and Slovenia, and takes a value of 0 for the other countries.
Additional terms in Table 3 regressions. The regression in column 2 includes coefficients and dummy variables that help control for several country/region-specific factors or structural breaks. In particular, it includes four additional dummies to account for significant breaks in the real exchange rate series that are not captured in the Sachs and Warner index as episodes of major liberalization: three dummies (equal to 1 before 1986 and 0 otherwise) for Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand; and one dummy (equal to 1 in 1991–2001 and 0 otherwise) for Argentina. It also allows for an heterogeneous slope for China for the Balassa-Samuelson effect (with an estimated coefficient of about 0.5). Finally, the government spending variable is dropped for Central and Eastern European countries. The regression in column 1 accounts only for the 1982 devaluation in Indonesia (associated with import liberalization) and for the Argentina dummy.
The set of real exchange rate fundamentals of this analysis is broader than that used in previous studies, and includes novel measures of productivity differentials and net foreign assets. Nevertheless, most variables capture the underlying economic effect only imperfectly. For example, the split between tradable and nontradable sectors is bound to be arbitrary to some extent. Similarly, the net external position is the appropriate measure of the "transfer problem" only to the extent that rates of return on external assets and liabilities are broadly the same (Lane and Milesi-Ferretti, 2002). Finally, commodity terms of trade are calculated for a given (fixed) composition of a country's exports and imports, which is likely to have changed during the sample period. However, data availability issues prevent us from addressing some of these concerns. For example, while interest payments on net foreign assets are available, the appropriate measure of the "transfer effect" requires the calculation of rates of return (which include capital gains and losses). These calculations are fraught with measurement problems, especially for the early years of the sample.
This appendix describes the estimation of the long-run relationship between the real effective exchange rate and macroeconomic fundamentals. Given the limited length of the sample (25 years), estimating separate real exchange rate equations for each country gives very imprecise results. This shortcoming can be reduced by pooling the data. Over the sample period the variables exhibit unit root behavior, when tested via the Levin, Lin, and Chu (2002) and Im, Pesaran, and Shin (2003) panel unit root tests. We find evidence of panel cointegration among our variables using the Kao (1999) test—there appears to be a long-run relationship between the real effective exchange rate and the set of fundamentals.30
The estimation is thus undertaken using the dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) methodology developed by Stock and Watson (1993), applied to a panel of countries with fixed country effects. Fixed effects are necessary because the real effective exchange rate measures are index numbers, making their levels not comparable across countries. They also account for timeinvariant country-specific factors, thus reducing the omitted variable bias. The DOLS methodology has been widely used in panel analysis with nonstationary data. The results were also checked with an alternative panel cointegration estimation procedure (FMOLS; see Kao and Chiang, 2000; Pedroni, 2000; and Phillips and Hansen, 1990) and results were similar.31
The estimated cointegrating relationship is imposed in an error-correction formulation, to assess the speed of adjustment of the real exchange rate toward its long-run equilibrium relation. The long-run relationship should be interpreted as an equilibrium relationship rather than a causal one. One might expect the presence of reverse causality, particularly between the real exchange rate and the productivity or the net foreign asset indicators.
The forecast standard error of the real exchange rate is estimated at about 12 percent (mostly due to the standard error of the regression at about 11 percent, hence with little variation across countries and years). This is mainly because the real exchange rate estimation is tailored to capturing the long-run relationship between the real exchange rate and the fundamentals and neglects short term exchange rate dynamics, which are notoriously volatile. If one accounts for short-term effects, for example when imposing the cointegrating vector in an error-correction mechanism, the forecast standard error of the real exchange rate is estimated at about 7–8 percent.
Several robustness tests were performed and yielded similar estimation results. First, alternative series were employed for the net foreign assets ratio (to GDP, to imports, and to exports), the relative productivity measures (see the data description subsection in this appendix), and the government consumption ratio (from IFS rather than OECD). Second, OLS regressions were performed on three-year averages of the data. Third, different slopes of the relative productivity variable were allowed during crisis times (as defined by a 20 percent depreciation): the coefficient during crisis times were larger, but the coefficients during noncrisis times were overall unaffected.


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John Kavanagh: Talks Floyd Mayweather's Clinch Game and Strip Clubs
Tags: Boxing, MMA, Video
Coach John Kavanagh Talks Floyd Mayweather vs Conor McGregor
MMA coach John Kavanagh, head coach to UFC Lightweight Champion Conor McGregor speaks about Floyd Mayweather. Kavanagh discusses the clinch, which is one of Mayweather's go-to moves in a fight. He talks about how Floyd uses the tactic, especially if he gets hit with a shot. Using over hooks and undertook well in order to tie up his opponent.
John then goes into discussing Conor's clinch game and how it's something they have to constantly train. In MMA a fighter constantly has to deal with their opponents trying to clinch against the cage. With wrestlers who try to hold on to avoid strikes. He believes that Mayweather's clinch is completely novice when compared to Conor's. Because the clinching game is such an integral part of Mixed Martial Arts. And this he believes is a major advantage for their fighter.
Floyd's Lack Of Activity
Moving on to the next topic, Kavanagh points out the lack of activity by Floyd over the last 3 – 4 years. While Floyd has been away from the sport of boxing, Conor McGregor has been very busy. Just coming off the biggest fight of all time in MMA against Eddie Alvarez, where McGregor claimed the UFC Lightweight title. Now he is going into the biggest fight of all time in the boxing World.
"He seems mostly to be involved in strip clubs and night clubs and lawsuits and stuff like that. That is where his energy has been going." – John Kavanagh
He talks about how Conor is used to having a big build up's followed by a big performance. Then the next day he is already on the phone to Dana and Lorenzo and they have already made the next fight. And then that build upstarts.
Following Mayweather's career, he has had a few fights in the last few years. But he seems mostly to be involved in strip clubs and night clubs and lawsuits and stuff like that. That is where his energy has been going. Whereas their energy for the last four years has been a foot to the floor! Ready for high-level fights.


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Transcranial direct current stimulation reduces secondary white-matter degradation after stroke.


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'Dancing around the elephant in the room': Rep. Evan Low on the limits of California's gun laws
Chronicle Podcasts
Stricter gun laws than most states didn't stop the tragedies in Monterey Park and Half Moon Bay this week. What can?
Fifth & Mission Podcast
Jan. 25, 2023 Updated: Jan. 25, 2023 8:36 a.m.
Rich Pedroncelli/Associated Press
New to podcasts? Here's how to listen.
California has some of the strictest gun laws in the country, including background checks and bans on assault-style weapons, but mass shootings in Monterey Park and Half Moon Bay this week have left the state reeling.
On this episode of the Fifth & Mission podcast, Assembly Member Evan Low joins host Cecilia Lei to discuss the limits of state legislation — and the support that AAPI communities need now.
Plus: The Chronicle's Nora Mishanec, who was on the scene in Half Moon Bay, talks about covering her third mass shooting in her three-year career as a reporter.
You can listen by clicking the player above, or by downloading the episode on your favorite podcast app.
Below is a transcript, which has been edited for length and clarity.
Photo above: Rep. Evan Low in 2018
Cecilia Lei: As Americans, we've sadly become used to these tragedies. But the back-to-back Monterey Park and Half Moon Bay shootings have hit very close to home for our communities. What stands out to you about these latest events?
Rep. Evan Low: It's just a punch in the stomach. I can't help but be human [in response] to the senseless tragedies that are preventable. And why I'm not only just dumbfounded but with mixed emotions is that I think everyday Californians believe that we need to demand more from our government. And I'm telling you, specifically as a policymaker, that we have done everything that we can possibly can do in the state of California. As you know, California has the strictest laws on the books with respect to protecting our citizens from firearms. And yet, because of the Supreme Court and the courts and also the Republicans, we're not seeing the type of action that we need to see. I am hesitant to talk about it from being viewed or interpreted as a partisan issue, but I just need to speak facts. And the facts are such that we as policymakers and the Democratic Party believe in stricter firearm regulations. You don't see that from the rank and file in the Republican Party. So facts are stubborn, but that is the truth.
Cecilia Lei: To repeat what you said, California is known for being really tough to buy a gun. You're saying we've done everything we can. And just to list a couple of those things that we've done, we have mandatory waiting periods, background checks for firearms purchases. We're one of just eight states that bans military assault weapons, and we're one of the first to enact a red flag law. And yet, here we are. This shooter in Half Moon Bay obtained the semiautomatic handgun used in the shooting legally. It was registered in his name. As a policymaker, what's your call to action now? Is there anything more we can do?
Rep. Evan Low: There is always more that we can do. I would suggest that we are dancing around the elephant in the room and just trying to make changes around the periphery. We are the only industrialized country in the world who has this systemic problem. No other country has this problem. Why? Because firearms are not allowed, period. And at what point in time will we say, "Enough is enough"? The argument on the other side is the Second Amendment, and let's just protect it and we need to have the right to bear arms. But of course, as we evolve as a society, we need to be asking these key questions: Is there societal purpose and is this not devastating our country and the fabric of our society? Again, let's talk about facts. We're not even finished with the entire first month in the new year. And already more than 35 mass shootings, more than the amount of days that have passed in the month of January. So, when we're thinking about the type of society that we want to see, yes, there is more that we can do. We need to be demanding more from our government elected officials. And for those officials who haven't pledged their commitment to advocating for keeping our communities safe, we need to go to making sure that those elected officials who don't share that same ideology and that key principle of protecting everyday citizens, that we hold them to account.
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Cecilia Lei: Are there specific kinds of legislation that you're looking at at the moment?
Rep. Evan Low: I'll share with you just by the basics of Civics 101 with the three branches of government here in California — the administrative branch, which is the governor, the legislature and then the courts. So, in the governor and the legislature, we have done all that we can to help put the laws on the books with respect to even enhancing some of the key laws that you've talked about: age requirements of 21 years and necessary background checks on ammunitions, preventing those who have criminal history from possessing firearms as well. Those type of laws, unfortunately, have been also held up in the courts. So we need to look at other approaches and ensuring that other states are doing their parts, as well as putting pressure on our federal representatives who also hail from the state of California.
Cecilia Lei: Now, do you think we're doing a good enough job of enforcing the gun laws that we already have in place?
Rep. Evan Low: We can always be doing better with enforcement. We can also utilize technology with the National Registry of Ballistic Imaging, which is to track casings of ballistics used in criminal cases so that if the firearm used is used in one criminal case, we can track that and find out who the perpetrator and perpetrators were.
Cecilia Lei: Now, you've mentioned other state lawmakers and also the federal lawmakers as well. Are you having conversations with them? What would you like to see them do right now?
Rep. Evan Low: We are, of course, in conversations with the National Conference of State Legislatures. That is essentially the association of the 50 state legislatures within the United States. And oftentimes we're passing resolutions to help ensure that we can look at some type of other compact. There are, of course, opportunities for other states to pass what we refer to as compacts, agreements with other states, so that when you get, for example, two thirds of the states in the nation to pass this type of compact, you can see federal action. But when you think about how difficult it is to amend the United States Constitution, we need to look at it by state by state level as well.
Cecilia Lei: Now, because federal gun legislation basically feels impossible at the moment. Tell me more about how that makes California vulnerable. I mean, we hear a lot we can do what we can within the borders of our state, but guns are coming in from other states as well. Right?
Rep. Evan Low: Well, there's a number of things that we can do. It's not just simply looking at it from a state perspective and waiting for the cavalry to arrive and some magic thing will happen where policymakers will step in magically. But it's also to help effectuate change in the private sector. It's well known that Dick's Sporting Goods within the past few years rescinded its policy and is no longer selling significant firearms because of these circumstances. So, there's much that could be done in terms of the public outcry. It's also making sure that we hit their pocketbooks, ensuring that the type of investments, or frankly, the divestments in these pension funds in which they are focused on firearms. So, there's much that an individual can do outside of looking for the remedy from a public official or from government to be able to ensure that we are using the power of the purse to help direct accordingly.
Cecilia Lei: Assembly Member Evan Low, you mentioned how the Supreme Court was making gun legislation tough to pass in the country. The court recently set a new constitutional standard for gun restrictions, which means states like ours will have to fight to maintain our current gun laws. What's the message that California has to keep asserting right now?
Rep. Evan Low: Well, we cannot just simply say that we're going to throw our hands up because of the Supreme Court. The founding fathers talked about the equal — again, key word equal — branches of government with the executive, legislative and judicial branch. So, yes, it is unfortunate that the judicial branch has taken a look and stricken a number of laws, but we then will take a look at various other approaches to then amend the Constitution to making sure that we can protect everyday citizens in our lives. By the way, many of these laws on the books are sensible. Poll after poll, overwhelming amount of citizens support basic safety gun laws. In other words, the laws that we passed do not come in conflict to the Second Amendment, which is the right to bear arms. We have the right to bear arms, but with sensible regulations. Just as we understand that we would comply with sensible regulations of the searches when we go to board an airplane. There are sensible mechanisms in place that do not inhibit and are [not] mutually exclusive to the rights of everyday citizens, while also making sure that we protect individuals as well.
Cecilia Lei: Assembly Member Low, you are also the chair of the state's Asian-American Pacific Islander Legislative Caucus. Communities are really hurting right now, and this is supposed to be a time of joy and celebration because of Lunar New Year. What kind of support do you think needs to happen for these communities right now?
Rep. Evan Low: A number of things. Many ways to uplift the AAPI community. I first want to acknowledge AAPI community members in journalism and in media because it's about their perspective and lived experiences that they can also provide an important voice in the newsroom to making sure that this adequately gets covered. Number two, to help ensure that we provide a space for grieving and and solidarity. There are often times employee assistance programs to allow for those who are grieving to access those resources. Additionally, companies oftentimes provide matching funds to community-based organizations doing work in this space. And then finally, I also think it's important that we have opportunities to uplift the voices within various sectors of visibility. That's why it's important that we see more Asian-Americans in Hollywood in entertainment, we see more in journalism and in media, and in government and in business alike. So there are many things and opportunities for solidarity for us to work in this capacity, because while we think about the victims and the specific individuals impacted in these communities, whether it be Half Moon Bay or Monterey Park, it also hits the psyche — especially as we're coming out of COVID, the impact of Asian hate and now with these mass shootings.
Cecilia Lei: We now know that the shooters in both the Monterey Park and Half Moon Bay mass shootings were Asian elderly men. What does that highlight for you in terms of resources needed for the community?
Rep. Evan Low: Well, I think there's a complexity around these issues, too. And so many of us quickly are to jump to saying that this also potentially could be Asian hate. But I think it's important to, number one, acknowledge the issues specifically and the facts. The facts demonstrate that so much of the violence, whether it be domestic violence or otherwise, are due to that of the prevalence of firearms in our communities. So, what must we do to help ensure that these are not so readily available? And number two, how do we make sure that for the victims — we can't forget about the victims — that they are equally supported as well?
There is oftentimes a stigma also associated with mental wellness in the AAPI community, and we need to get around that. So many [people] feel like they don't believe they need the type of support and access because of the cultural norms that we are strong, that we don't need to access public services and/or frankly, it's not in [multiple] languages. So, we are doing all that we can to enhance those services and get the support where people need it the most.
And then thirdly, that of access and responsiveness from rank-and-file law enforcement. Because this is requiring cultural sensitivity, how do we make sure that we have Asian Pacific Islanders within the ranks of law enforcement, so that they too, can be part of the community and that they feel like they can be a good surrogate to be able to speak to these communities directly impacted?
Cecilia Lei: I also want to ask you this question, because you've been such a huge advocate for the community. Are you worried that because the shooter's identity is Asian, that it will divert attention away from the work that you've been doing around safety for the AAPI community and anti-Asian racism? These are such charged and emotional conversations that get very divisive really quick.
Rep. Evan Low: These issues are complex. I would say our community is also evolving. This is also part of the maturity of a community. We are the largest demographic of the Bay Area and in Monterey Park. And so with that maturity and with that growth, also comes these similar complex issues. And what's important is that we help dissect specifically these various components and not jump too quickly to make assertions and conclusions. So again, when we think about the facts, what is the overarching issue with respect to these two shootings and in Half Moon Bay and in Monterey Park? Firearms specifically. So how do we address that issue of violence and firearms? And of course, it comes with cultural sensitivity to be able to say, how do we make sure that we don't fall into the trap of having Asian on Asian violence and pitting communities against each other, but making sure that we're doing so with grace and also looking at the specifics of data.
Cecilia Lei: You know, it feels like we keep having the same gun debate over and over again. Everything feels really bleak. Is there anything around the subject of guns or gun violence that you feel encouraged by or hopeful about? I'm hoping we can end on some optimism, if we can find it.
Rep. Evan Low: Well, again, with the level of maturity, many communities have been the targets of violence, specifically with respect to firearms. The LGBT community, for example, in Orlando, was thrust right into the conversation. And now the LGBT community has prioritized that of firearm regulations similar to the Jewish community. And now that we're talking about our AAPI community, we are equally now thrusted. We do not have the luxury of standing on the sidelines. It's no longer not participating and being apolitical and apathetic. But this is our issue now, and we must use this opportunity to galvanize our community in talking about a cohesive message and which we all stand for. We are not monolithic by any means as a community — Chinese, Korean, Hmong, Laotian — but across the lines, we know that we can now say that we should stand up for the sanctity of life and standing up against the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction in our streets.
Fifth & Mission is The San Francisco Chronicle's flagship news podcast. Keep up with the biggest Bay Area stories of the day by subscribing to Fifth & Mission on Apple, Spotify or wherever you get your podcasts. You can find our full slate of podcasts at sfchronicle.com/podcasts.
Tech layoffs: Charts show biggest job cuts impacting Bay Area workers
Almost 100,000 workers have lost their jobs in mass layoffs from Google, Amazon and other major tech companies with Bay Area offices. Here's the latest.
By Sriharsha Devulapalli, Adriana Rezal


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UNCSA grad Jeff Nichols is nominated for an Independent Spirit Award for his. His 2012 release, "Mud. Truly Moving Picture Award" at the Heartland Film."Shuffle" Review: Facebook: Add to. closing night film for the 2011 Heartland Film Festival in Indianapolis. to disagree with Heartland's festival winners,.Indianapolis, IN (PRWEB) September 22, 2016. Tonight nonprofit Heartland Film announced the full lineup and event schedule for its 25th annual Heartland Film Festival.
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2012 | 93 min | Documentary Feature Directed by: Eric Geadelmann Dave is a great uplifting story of how a young, motivated man (Adam) puts his dreams on hold to help.


2014 saw the biggest 'Black Friday' in the UK so far, the post-Thanksgiving retail discount day import from the US. The phenomenon started to filter in around 2003, with some maintaining scepticism about the American tradition; this year, however, it effectively became a requirement for all major (and many smaller) retailers.
And what a Friday it was. Stores were forced to close, police were called to break up the crowds (in at least 16 Tescos around the country), fights broke out between the discount shoppers and injuries ensued. This Guardian article gives examples of the lengths shoppers went to in their desperation to nab bargains: a shopper buying a Dyson without even wanting one; another buying two of everything, unaware of the price but confident that they were all bargains. A comment from Michael Moran today on Twitter notes how many of the discount TVs bought in the Black Friday fever are now up for sale on eBay and attracting no bids.
Although the Black Friday madness no doubt was a great success for the retailers that have been exploring increasingly manipulative ways to encourage us to part with our money, it was akin to some dystopic parody demonstrating the extremes of our consumer culture. And yet it was no parody.
In the current framing of the SDGs, a Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP) goal has managed to remain in the programme. Whilst there is far more to SCP than changing 'consumer behaviour', this is quite often the focus in campaigns to move towards a more sustainable and equitable future – particularly those under the limited 10 Year Framework Programme for SCP. Clearly there is a need to change attitudes towards consumption, but placing responsibility unfairly and unrealistically at the feet of The Consumer will not get us far in tackling what is key issue in moving towards a safe operating space for humanity. The macro environment that has created and allowed such attitudes to flourish needs to be addressed in detail from the viewpoint of remaining within planetary boundaries and ensuring global equity, from all levels of governance arrangements, trade agreements and international investment, to the effects of our comparative social media culture.


"My day is busy from start to finish," remarks Debra Cook of Pampa, Texas. "So this quick and meaty main dish is one of my menu mainstays. With its lovely golden color, it's pretty enough to serve to company or as a special Sunday dinner."
In a large skillet, saute onion in butter until tender. Add broth and salsa; bring to a boil. Stir in rice and garlic powder. Place chicken over rice; cover and simmer for 10 minutes.
Turn chicken; cook 10-15 minutes longer or until a thermometer reads 165°. Remove from the heat. Sprinkle with cheese; cover and let stand for 5 minutes. Garnish with cilantro if desired.
1 each: 339 calories, 10g fat (7g saturated fat), 46mg cholesterol, 744mg sodium, 43g carbohydrate (5g sugars, 3g fiber), 15g protein.
This is easy, not expensive, and delicious. Mine was a little salty the first time I made it and I think it was because the broth was a bit salty, otherwise, perfect!
This is my families favorite dinner.
I have made this many times and everyone in the family likes it. Yummy and good for you! I make with brown rice and have to cook the rice a little before I put in the skillet so it softens up better.
This is a flavourful, easy recipe. I omitted the onions to speed it up a little more. I also used 10 minute rice. I've found that I usually have to add about a half cup of water halfway through the cooking time, but the chicken comes out really nice and juicy. Thanks for the amazing recipe!
Had this recipe several times. Makes a great meal for pot luck's at the office. Never had to bring home any leftovers.
This was just okay. I liked how fast this was put together and probably would have enjoyed the taste but some of the rice was hard still after 25 minutes. If I were to make it again, I might add more broth and cook a little longer so the rice cooks up. The chicken was nice and juicy, though.


To assist those seeking the IALEIA Criminal Intelligence Certified Analyst (CICA) designation, IALEIA provides the following recommended study materials. The majority of required information related to the examination can be found within these publications.
The CICA examination is specifically designed to evaluate an individual's overall knowledge and competency to advance to the CICA tier, therefore a combination of training and experience is the best formula for success.
Two components form the basis of the CICA examination. 1) Multiple-choice questions will determine the applicant's substantive knowledge; and 2) essay topics will gauge the applicant's comprehension of intelligence concepts. The following topics comprise the main focus areas for the CICA exam.
The examination is conducted at the annual IALEIA/LEIU conference, and regionally where we have proctors. Candidates will have four (4) hours to complete the examination and should plan to bring a laptop computer for writing the essay portions.


Who are the most vulnerable in your society? Do they have a voice in public policy discussions? How does your faith community go about listening to them?
Pressure on parents, especially single income families and fractured familes, to give their children a "catholic education" is affected by Board members of the Schools who're out of touch with what is happpening in the society. This is evidenced by the dramatic increase of fees without consultation with the parents, the incredible increase of people whose employment has been terminated and are needing assistance from groups like the SVdP, and the very hostile pathway in place in schools that suggests that the families can apply for fee relief.
The people at the top arte not listening, reading the signs of the times or allowing the voices of the poor to be heard and listed to.


New Funding Opportunities Available – Apply Now!
Through partnerships with the School District of Philadelphia, nonprofit organizations, and generous donations from private donors, the Urban Teaching Apprenticeship, M.S.Ed. program is proud to announce the availability of three new substantial scholarships for the incoming cohort of 2019.
The School District of Philadelphia's (SDP) Teacher Residency Program prepares educators in science, math, or special education fields to become certified Pennsylvania teachers through the Urban Teaching Apprenticeship Program at Penn GSE. This residency program offers teacher residents a salary of $38,611, plus benefits, and guarantees each resident a teaching position after successful completion of the Urban Teaching Apprenticeship Program.
Eligible candidates must have a recent passing Praxis score in either a math, science, or English language arts content area and be admitted to the Urban Teaching Apprenticeship Program. Applications to the Urban Teaching Apprenticeship Program must be submitted by April 15, 2019, to be considered for the SDP Teacher Residency Program.
The Penn GSE Humanities Teaching Fellowship is intended to support the preparation of teachers in high school English and/or history who are interested in teaching in schools that support students through student-centered approaches and use innovative tools for learning. The Humanities Teaching Fellows will be awarded a scholarship of $32,000. Eligible candidates must apply for admission to the UTAP M.S.Ed., Secondary Grades 7-12, English or Social Studies, by April 15, 2019; following an offer of admission the applicant must schedule an interview to be considered for the Fellowship.
The Weiss Woodrow Wilson Teaching Fellowship seeks to attract talented, committed individuals with backgrounds in the STEM fields—science, technology, engineering, and mathematics—into teaching in high-need Pennsylvania secondary schools. This Fellowship opportunity is open to students in Penn GSE's Urban Teaching Apprenticeship Program. Fellowship applications are due March 15, 2019. Read more about the Weiss Woodrow Wilson Teaching Fellowship at Penn GSE.


Interested in buying organic farmland in Arkansas? Browse Land And Farm for land, homesites and other rural acreage for sale in Arkansas, including organic farmland currently listed for sale in Arkansas. The total value of roughly 270 acres of organic farmland recently listed for sale in Arkansas was $975,000. Browse all organic farmland and other land and rural property for sale on Land And Farm to find the property that's right for your land-buying needs. Although not the state's largest farm export, Arkansas produces 40 percent of the country's rice crop. It is also a major producer of commercially farmed chickens and turkeys.


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2008 Olympic Qualifying Tournaments
I recently visited the NBC Olympics website to learn about developments in the volleyball competitions taking place later this summer. While there, I found this article (accompanied by extensive statistics) on the final women's Olympic qualifying tournament, which concluded recently.
Among the statistics listed in the final tournament standings, were each team's points scored and allowed, and games (or sets) won and allowed (the first reference to "Points" in the chart appears to refer to points in the standings, 2 for a win and 1 for a loss; points won and loss in the rally scoring are separate).
Volleyball, like tennis and perhaps other sports, uses an aggregative or hierarchical scoring system. First, a team wins points. Upon winning 25 points in a game (15 in a Game 5), with at least a two-point margin, a team would then win a game (also known as a set). Winning three games would then give a team the match.
Certainly there would be a positive correlation amon…
Preview of Penn State-Pepperdine NCAA Men's Final
In anticipation of tonigh't NCAA men's volleyball final between No. 1 Penn State and upstart Pepperdine (which only made the field via a late surge through the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation tournament), user "nomas" on the VolleyTalk discussion board offers this analysis of the match-up.
One of the salient issues is that Penn State has not played that tough of a schedule during the season, thus likely inflating the Nittany Lions' statistical prowess. As seen on Penn State's schedule, the Lions have played only a few matches against traditionally strong teams from the Pacific (Hawaii, UCLA, and Long Beach State), and two of those three matches were back in early January.


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Featuring a repeated pyramid pattern, this statement band represents a strong yet refined choice. Pictured in 14k yellow gold . Band width is 3mm. Made in Montreal, Canada. This model is made to order. Please allow 2 to 4 weeks for production. This model can be made in half and quarter sizes. If you require a half or quarter size, please specify your size during check out. For sizes exceeding 9 US, please contact us directly for pricing.