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Tribe Spotlight: Create an Online Community for Your Brand
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Building an online community in conjunction with your ecommerce store can be one of the best moves you make for your brand. A community keeps like-minded people interacting with one another, engaged with your brand, and easily accessible when other community members need guidance or when your brand has something to offer them. Tribe is helping ecommerce stores (and virtually, anyone) harness the power of communities with their platform and in this Tribe review, we'll cover everything that it can do and how it can help you grow your business, no matter where you're starting from.
What Tribe Does
It's your customer base that keeps your business alive and in today's online world, it can be challenging to create that busy-store feeling that customers get when they shop in-person. That sense of community is a big part of the shopping experience and it gets mostly lost when we all shop from the comfort of our own homes. That's why Tribe's community-building platform is so important—it helps create that busy-store feeling while also maintaining the advantages that online forum platforms contribute with its carefully considered features.
In a nutshell, Tribe is a fully-hosted community platform that you can integrate into your website—or run autonomously—and customize to match your brand aesthetics. It's like the Shopify of forums and online communities. Tribe has created the software and you just have to use it—it's simple, straightforward, and they've really thought of everything that online communities need in order to flourish.
With Tribe, you can create public or private online communities so your customers can interact with you and other customers, and there's a social aspect to it that makes it interactive and engaging because users can explore content, follow threads and people, ask questions, start discussions, upvote, comment, and share content. You have the option to make it a community that's integrated into your website or you can create a stand-alone, unique community website—the option is yours!
Although you can build a community on social media platforms like Instagram and Facebook, Tribe offers other functionalities that you can't get from just using a social media platform to build and grow your community. First of all, you don't own social media platforms and they can shut down or remove your account at any time which can leave you in the lurch if you're relying on it to engage with your clients and customers, whereas with Tribe, you have much more ownership over your own community.
On social media platforms, you also have to play by the platform's rules and share the type of content that's best suited to the platform whether it's images or text content, and instead, Tribe gives you more freedom when it comes to the type of content that can be shared. You can customize your community so users can share all types of different content whether it's images, polls, Q&As, discussions, videos, reviews, and more.
Using Tribe, you also put your community members in the driver's seat and they have the ability to share the content they want to share, start discussions, answer questions and more, which they can't do on social media platforms outside of leaving comments on your posts.
When it comes to the social forum platforms that already exist like Reddit, you can't necessarily create an entire subreddit about your brand because it could be against Reddit's policies, so that's why it's important to use a community platform like Tribe. With Reddit as well, you don't own the platform so you could be removed at any time and you also have to play by their rules, which is again why it's so important to create a community somewhere you have more control over its future.
Who Tribe is For
One of the best things about Tribe is that basically anyone can start their own community with it. You don't have to have an online store to connect it to, and in fact, it can be a powerful way to build an audience of like-minded people around a niche you're passionate about if you do eventually want to build a business related to it in the future.
So many businesses nowadays create a community first and then create products to sell to them later, so use Tribe to build that community first before you get a business up and running. This is something we cover in our How to Start an Online Business When You're Not Ready article, so check that out if you want to learn more about why building an audience before you have products to sell them is so important.
Tribe can also be used to create a community for brands that already exist. If you already have an online business, you can congregate your current and prospective customers in your Tribe community to get them discussing and sharing and interacting so you can keep them engaged with your brand and connecting with like-minded individuals.
Brands are already doing this! And they're doing it because it works. It keeps their customer-base active and coming back to their website and their brand top-of-mind. It also keeps customer support queries down because people can ask and answer questions amongst each other instead of always reaching out to the customer service team.
Some of the companies using Tribe to build communities around their niche include Decathlon, the largest sporting goods retailer in the world. Their Indian branch has created a community to bring sports enthusiasts closer together, sharing their tips, wins, experiences, and asking questions. Check out the Decathlon Sports Community here.
Another company, Smart Nora, which sells anti-snoring products, started using Tribe to improve their marketing efforts. They were spending the majority of their budget on social media ads and search engine advertising and they needed a solution to get them a better return on investment, so they reached out to Tribe. This was their results:
In nine months their organic traffic grew five times (500%) helped them save thousands of dollars in ads. Instead of spending money on social media ads, they had the search traffic for questions related to wellness, sleep and snoring. –Smart Nora Case Study by Tribe
They also saw a reduction in customer support emails by 28% in six months which not only alleviated their team but also their budget as each support email costs the company $8.
Other Tribe users include Skyscanner and ConvertKit—check out Tribe's Customer Showcase for more details on who's using Tribe and what kind of communities they're building with it.
Why Use Tribe
The question isn't really why use Tribe, it's why not use Tribe.
You really have nothing to lose when it comes to building a community around your brand, product or niche. Consumers crave that community feel and people look for online destinations where they can interact with people who are as passionate about their interests as they are, so if you have a brand or you want to have a brand in the future, create a place where the people that are interested in your niche can come to hang out with others who are just as passionate about it.
Your community doesn't have to be big to make an impact, either. Start small—it's a great way to encourage people to get involved because they'll really feel like their voice is being heard and not getting lost in the crowd. Small communities can make a big difference for your brand too because they'll likely be your most loyal customers and brand evangelists that you can ask for feedback and reviews and share your new launches with.
In short, use Tribe to:
Connect customers
Curate knowledge
Get user-generated content
Improve customer lifetime value
Reach your core customers more easily
Lessen customer support tickets
Get product reviews and feedback
Showcase social proof
Grow organically with word of mouth
Build brand authority with the active community to back it up
Develop a stronger and closer connection with your customers
Plus, you can use Tribe whether you're a sole brand owner or if you're part of a larger team. Tribe has created dedicated pages to helping team members understand how they can use Tribe to reach their specific goals. If you're a:
Product Manager: Use your Tribe community to increase user engagement, drive retention, and boost customer lifetime value.
Community Manager: Use your Tribe community to engage your audience, recruit brand advocates, and increase product use.
Marketer: Use your Tribe community to build an organic user channel, reduce acquisition costs, boost organic growth, and establish your brand as a thought leader in your industry.
Developer: Use your Tribe community to minimize development time, save resources, improve user experience, and go live with a cutting-edge technology infrastructure.
Customer Support Team: Use your Tribe community to meet service level agreements, reduce churn, decrease customer support tickets, and build a knowledge base.
And that's just a glimpse into how Tribe is effective at all levels of a brand's team objectives. No matter what your role is or whether you're running your business on your own, creating a Tribe community will give a lot back to you just as much as it gives a lot back to your users.
And again, what do you have to lose by creating your own community? You really only have something to gain.
Tribe's Features & Services
Overall, Tribe offers three main components with its community-building platform: The actual platform, the widgets and API, and their app store.
Community Platform & Features
This is Tribe's bread and butter and it's where the magic happens—it's what you use to actually create your community! Tribe's community platform is super well thought out and it's clear that Tribe really knows what functionalities online communities need so their users can get the most out of them.
Have a look at all of the features that Tribe has outlined on their Community Platform page which you can use to make your community awesome. Click on each link to learn more about that particular feature:
Activity Feed: Use the machine-learned activity feed to deliver a personalized content experience that continuously improves.
Multiple Content Types: Allow users to write articles, ask questions, submit answers, participate in polls, and post images and videos.
Gamification: Leverage badges, points, and a leaderboard system to increase engagement.
Analytics: Focus on key metrics and take proactive actions using their powerful reporting features.
Virtual Currencies: Incentivize users to take targeted actions and allow them to redeem the coins for your services.
Smart Suggestions: Detect the most relevant members to answer your questions using Tribe AI, and give users the option to send requests.
User Management: Easily tag users, perform a bulk import, send invitations to join, and manage roles with their intuitive interface.
Moderation: Efficiently manage your community with their moderation tool and maintain the quality of the community while scaling user growth.
Behavioral Targeting: Track activity, user behavior, and create profiles to target members via contextual communication and increase conversions.
Integrations: Automate processes, seamlessly merge your online community into your existing workflow, and create robust data flow with direct integrations, webhooks, and API.
Groups: Enable users to create groups within your community to operate their private spaces, priority user groups, micro-interest groups, and everything in between.
Fully White-Label: Build your community with your own branding to deliver a white-label experience. Change everything from colors and logos to widgets and domains.
Public/Private Access: Build a public or private community and set registration rules for membership. Enable single sign-on to allow existing users to log in smoothly.
Onboarding: Onboard community members by telling your story, introducing key elements, and presenting a set of action items.
Custom Domain: Use your own domain name to retain your brand.
Notification Tools: Precisely target your members with segmentation via newsletters, emails, and more.
Compliance: Create a secure community with regulatory compliance like GDPR and data protection regulations.
Content Categorization: Categorize content and enable seamless knowledge discovery with topics.
Announcement Banner: Showcase a prominent message with a call-to-action on top of the homepage feed.
Member Profile: Member information, networking options, and all the community activities are displayed beautifully here.
Internationalization: Create your community with the language of your choice. Select from a list of 20 different languages.
SEO Boost: Advanced SEO settings to precisely control how search engines crawl and index your community site.
See—they offer a lot of features to make running your online community powerful and unique to what you need.
Widgets & API
Tribe also offers ready-to-use widgets so you can add valuable parts of your community to your product or website. This means that you can add social proof from your community onto product pages or you can even add community discussions, user polls, and product reviews onto your website.
Tribe also offers an extensive API so pretty much anything you can visualize on your community can be accessed via API. Get an introduction to Tribe's API docs here.
Tribe also has an app store so you can integrate your favorite apps into your community!
It also means that you can connect it to your Shopify store with the Tribe Shopify App if you're using Shopify (Shopify Review) to run your ecommerce business. You can also integrate your community directly to your Shopify store so your users can log in seamlessly with their existing credentials. Plus, you can also promote your products right inside your community and your community members can use the virtual currency they've earned by interacting in your community towards their purchases on your Shopify store—so it's like having a reward program for your high-value community members!
Their app store essentially helps extend the capabilities of your community, plus it can even help automate some aspects of it! Here are some examples:
Facebook Messenger Integration: Members can receive community notifications on Messenger and interact directly there.
HubSpot Integration: Automatically send leads to HubSpot and sync member information.
Google Translate Integration: Automatically translate content posted in other languages to the primary language of the community.
Slack Integration: Receive notifications and react directly from Slack.
Plus they have so many other integrations on their app store including MailChimp, Zapier, Google Analytics, Telegram, Google Calendar, Intercom, Stripe, and more.
In true community spirit, Tribe also has their own forum where the public can view their product roadmap! Here you'll see what's on the horizon in terms of the features and functionalities they're adding.
Some of the things we're excited about include:
A WordPress integration
Broadcasting a post by admins or moderators
Bookmarking or saving posts
Private inboxes
Post scheduling
And much more! It's clear that the Tribe team really listens to their own community and wants to make their product as functional and flexible for their members.
Tribe's Pros & Cons
Tribe has a good thing going—take a look at what we think their main advantages and disadvantages are:
Anything you need to create a community of people in your niche, Tribe offers. It's flexible and adaptable to your needs
Create public or private online communities
Use widgets & their API to bring aspects of your community onto your website
Their app store integrations create more functionalities for your community
Tribe is for everyone—use it whether you're a sole founder or part of a team, or whether you have a business or not
Members can write articles, ask questions, submit answers, participate in polls, and post images and videos—nothing is off-limits
Use Tribe's virtual currencies and gamification to incentivize member interaction and reward their engagement
Integrate with Google Analytics so you can stay informed about your community and track the metrics that are important to you
You can white-label your Tribe community so it stays true to your branding and you can even use your own custom domain
Create a community in any of the 20 different languages that Tribe offers
Tribe's product roadmap is publicly available and they're open to improving their platform to suit their users
Tribe is GDPR compliant
At the moment, there's no built-in feature to charge members a monthly subscription fee if you want to set up a premium, paid-for community. It's possible to create it through Zapier at the moment, however, they're planning to make this feature built-in to Tribe towards the end of this year.
Not all features, apps, and functionalities are available at every pricing level. It's important to have a thorough look through their detailed pricing page to understand what's available at each pricing level and what's not.
Tribe's Pricing
Tribe offers a 14-day free trial and also a free plan, which offers a fair but limited amount of functionality. Here's a look at Tribe's pricing:
Free: $0/month
Theme control
Groups or sub-communities
Plus: $85/month
The Free plan, plus:
White-label branding
Plus apps
Premium: $249/month
The Plus plan, plus:
Enterprise: Contact Tribe
The Premium plan, plus:
You really have nothing to lose and everything to gain when it comes to building an online community around your niche, brand, or business and the good news is that it's relevant to anyone—whether you already have a business or not! Get building a community within your niche if you don't have a product to sell yet, and if you are selling products then get your customers involved and interacting in one place—your online community. Tribe has all of the nitty-gritty details figured out so you can get set up easily and actually take part in your community.
Note: This is a sponsored post in collaboration with Tribe.
The A Better Lemonade Stand Content Team focuses on writing comprehensive, actionable, practical and resourceful content for our audience of ecommerce entrepreneurs wherever they are in the process of building, launching and growing their own ecommerce businesses.


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New Data Finds Biden's Lead Shrinking Significantly, Trump Within Striking Range
By Hank Berrien
Aug 6, 2020 DailyWire.com
One new poll and another survey find that the lead that former Vice President Joe Biden has held over President Trump has significantly shrunk recently.
The Hill-HarrisX poll surveying respondents between August 2-5 found Biden garnering 47% of the national vote versus 43% for Trump, a lead of four percentage points. The previous Hill-HarrisX poll, conducted between July 17-20, found Biden with 45% of the vote and Trump with 38%.
In the latest Hill-HarrisX poll, 9% of respondents said they had not decided yet, 5% of respondents said they wanted another alternative, and 3% said they had no intention of voting, The Hill reported.
Two key demographics surged for Trump: Midwestern voters voting for Trump rose from 38% to 42% while that same group plummeted for Biden from 45% to 39%. Independents also surged for Trump from 31% to 35% while Biden fell behind at 33%.
Trump has been climbing steadily in the Hill-HarrisX poll. At the beginning of June, Biden led Trump by 10 points; 47% of respondents chose Biden while 37% chose Trump. At the time, Terrance Woodbury, Democratic pollster and founding partner at Hit Strategies, pointed out to Hill.TV that numbers showed 24% of black voters approving of Trump. He stated, "I'll tell you right now, if he can get half of those 24 percent of people to vote for him, then he is reelected."
CNN reported in late July:
If the race for president tightens, Trump's small gain with Black voters could make a difference. It could cost Biden 0.5 points nationally on the whole compared to where Clinton ended up. That may not seem like a lot, though it could make the difference in a close election. And, of course, Biden's margin with Black voters may tighten further if the margin with other voters also shifts. Historically, Trump is doing as well and probably even a touch better than Republicans normally do among Black voters.
Writing of the vote in Pennsylvania, a key swing state in the presidential election where Trump eked out a victory over Hillary Clinton in 2016, Monmouth University noted:
Most registered voters (54%) say they were surprised in 2016 when Trump ended up winning Pennsylvania's electoral votes. They are evenly divided on whether they expect Trump (46%) or Biden (45%) to win the commonwealth this time around. One reason for this seems to be that most voters (57%) believe there are a number of so-called secret voters in their communities who support Trump but won't tell anyone about it.
The three-point margin between Biden and Trump that the Hill-HarrisX poll found accords well with findings from Rasmussen Reports, which stated on Wednesday:
Likely Democratic nominee Joe Biden still holds a slight lead over President Trump in the latest Rasmussen Reports' weekly White House Watch survey. The new national telephone and online survey finds Biden with 48% support among Likely U.S. Voters to Trump's 45%. Three percent (3%) prefer some other candidate, while another three percent (3%) remain undecided. A week ago, Biden had a 48% to 42% advantage.
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How do you refresh a stalwart hotel destination for an eco-conscious target audience? Belmond wanted to re-engage their 'The Sanctuary Seekers' audiences at Michelin-starred Le Manoir Aux Quat'Saisons, tucked away in the Oxfordshire countryside, through it's Chef-Patron Raymond Blanc and his philosophy of sustainable fine dining.
Studio Black Tomato worked with Belmond to create a first-class video for audiences to discover how Raymond Blanc's passion for sustainable homegrown produce is translated into fine dining at the hotel's two-Michelin-starred restaurant. This video formed part of 'The Art of Gastronomy'; Belmond's content series focussed on exclusive culinary experiences across their hotel portfolio.
The result was an exclusive view behind the scenes of the Michelin-starred kitchen, the world-famous gardens offering the freshest produce, the Raymond Blanc Gardening school, and Raymond Blanc himself whose infectious passion informs his culinary vision. The aim was to immerse the audience into his sustainable world and encourage audiences to share in his fine dining philosophy.
To truly showcase the vision of Raymond Blanc and his culinary excellence, the film was also created using our signature BlackWire interactive service to further immerse audiences and highlight the hotel's key products. Interactive content included the gastronomic story of Raymond from his past to present day vision, more on the Raymond Blanc Gardening School and Raymond Blanc Cookery School, and a step-by-step video recipe for the audience to create his signature dish in the film 'The Assiette Anne-Marie'.
Finally, the hero content was further brought to life through paid media social edits created for Belmond to distribute on their Instagram, YouTube and Facebook channels.


When you find yourself worrying and are constantly feeling uneasy, you are probably suffering from anxiety. If you feel nervous about the outcome of an uncertain situation, then chances are you are not feeling your normal 'balanced' self.
How can I tell I have anxiety?
There are many symptoms such as excessive worrying, which can interrupt the working memory and make it difficult for the person concerned to concentrate. Agitation is another sign, which sends your nervous system into overdrive. This in turn, increases the heart rate and creates a heightened arousal. Both of which lead to perfuse sweating. If you are someone who is always feeling restless then your body will be releasing a lot of adrenaline and cortisol, at the same time, in response to the 'stress' of life. This is completely normal, and a typical response that of any life event (moving house, divorce). However, when these symptoms are larger than the event that triggered it then it can debilitating on your life.
Is there more than one type of anxiety?
Yes, because if the symptoms above go unchecked, it may lead to either an anxiety disorder and/or social anxiety disorder.
What are the pitfalls to having anxiety?
If you suffer anxiety then you may either have trouble falling or staying asleep. This can be a type of insomnia that can affect concentration and productivity at work. Anxiety can, at its worst, take away the balanced functional life that you have worked so hard to create and reduce you to a bumbling wreck, scared of even your own shadow.
How can I, as an integrated therapist, help you to alleviate the anxiety you may be suffering?
Anxiety can be debilitating but it can be managed with the right help, and I am here to help.
During sessions together, I am able to identify any presenting anxiety symptoms, and to suggest how we deal with them; using a concise 'bespoke' action plan of self-healing.
I can use muscle relaxation therapy to help reduce worry within a person with anxiety.
I may choose to use a combination of my therapies to treat sleep issues/anxiety that may be presenting itself. In turn this will improve the sufferers sleep quality, and their overall mental health and wellbeing will be gradually restored.
I also discuss dietary needs, to see how I can help nutritionally. Making the necessary changes to your diet, can in effect, help to alleviate certain symptoms of anxiety.
Changing any lifestyle habits, that may be a contributing factor to symptoms of anxiety, will be looked at too. Decreasing caffeine and alcohol consumption, alongside implementing an exercise regime, is scientifically proven to reduce the symptoms of an anxiety sufferer.
Discussing 'mindfulness' – how it works, and how to implement it into your daily life will also help to combat anxiety and reduce it to more manageable levels (if not eradicating it completely).
If any of what you have read resonated with you and you are willing to seek help to overcome your anxiety, then please do not hesitate to contact me for further information and help. I honestly speak from my own personal experience of suffering anxiety, so badly in the past, that it was debilitating and robbed me of a balanced functional life for well over a year. Don't allow yourself to 'suffer in silence', take a step of faith forwards to improve your current situation and make contact.


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Home | Street Talk
Tags: Ron Insana | Fed | Negative | Interest Rates
Ron Insana: US Inching Closer to Negative Rates, Farther From Hike Talk
Ron Insana (roninsana.com)
By F McGuire | Friday, 23 October 2015 06:00 AM EDT
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Ron Insana, a CNBC and MSNBC contributor and the author of four books on Wall Street, wonders if the tide isn't turning to actual negative interest rates from a rate hike.
"Investors have been holding their breath over the last several months, waiting for the Fed to raise official interest rates above zero, where they have been since the end of 2008, at the very depths of the financial crisis," he writes for CNBC.com.
"The Fed has held off raising them ever since, first to reflate the U.S. economy, and then later to avoid tightening the supply of money as the global economy stumbled in 2011 and, most recently, this past summer. The wait may prove longer than expected, given China's slowing economy, falling domestic and global inflation and market disruptions that have given the Fed pause," he wrote.
Meanwhile, Narayana Kocherlakota, president of the Minneapolis Fed, recently said the Fed should consider pushing rates below zero to help further improve the employment picture and to drive inflation back toward the Fed's stated two percent target, which it has missed for the past six years.
"So, how does the Fed get to negative rates? The central bank can undertake certain measures that would punish banks, for instance, for holding their excess reserves at the Fed," Insana wrote.
"Right now, the Fed pays banks a quarter point on the money they deposit at the Fed, of which there is more than $2.5 trillion sitting idle. If the Fed eliminated that payment, or more aggressively, charged banks to hold their money, the banks would withdraw it immediately in order not to lose money on their cash holdings and, hopefully find better things to do with it, like making more loans," Insana explained.
In extreme circumstances, the Fed could do the same to consumers, forcing them to spend rather than save, thereby juicing the economy, Insana warned.
"However, that would be a game-changing moment in the history of monetary policy that would likely have broad political implications and could provoke Congress to limit the powers of the central bank."
Meanwhile, other prominent economic experts say the government is to blame for placing the U.S. economy in the fast lane to disaster.
Newsmax Finance Insider Stephen Moore says that Washington doesn't understand what went wrong in 2007 and 2008, so the Fed, the White House and Congress are recreating the very same conditions for another financial bubble.
"If it pops, we could replay the same devastating effects as occurred during the first bubble in 1999 and 2000," he wrote.
"Government and politicians have no learning curve. All of the conditions of financial wreckage are reappearing. This is why congressional Republicans absolutely should put up a fight on the debt ceiling by requiring more budget discipline as a condition of higher debt levels," he advised.
But others disagree.
Billionaire hedge-fund manager Jim Chanos says economic improvement in the last eight years, mostly under the Barack Obama administration, has been "pretty amazing."
"Of all the major economies right now, we're the place to be," legendary short seller Chanos told CNN. "The strides we've made the last eight years are pretty amazing," said Chanos, founder of Kynikos Associates.
Chanos helped to raise more between $200,000 and $500,000, according to OpenSecrets, for Obama's re-election campaign, CNN reported.
CNBC's Ron Insana: It Ain't Over Until the Fed Lady Sings
Ron Insana: The World Economy Is the Fed's Problem
© 2023 Newsmax Finance. All rights reserved.
StreetTalk
Ron Insana, a CNBC and MSNBC contributor and the author of four books on Wall Street, wonders if the tide isn't turning to actual negative interest rates from a rate hike.
Ron Insana, Fed, Negative, Interest Rates
Friday, 23 October 2015 06:00 AM
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Why People Are Eating Mangoes Before Smoking Marijuana
And if it actually does anything.
Photo cred - lilytatiana
It may be time to skin some mangoes marijuana lovers, not for the fruity flavour and Vitamin C, but for the apparent ability of the fruit to heighten the effects of THC. Yellow mangoes and green bud apparently combine when consumed in succession, as described by Alternet.org, but before you buy a bundle mangoes, you may want to get the facts.
According to partakers of the new trend, eating a mango within an hour of smoking marijuana will speed up a body's THC-absorption rate while also strengthening the psychoactive effects of THC and the overall duration. Claims have been made stating THC will reach the brain twice as fast with effects lasting twice as long after eating a mango.
Mangoes and weed are said to go hand in hand thanks to myrcene terpenes, a chemical compound found in both that is responsible for each substance's strong fragrance, and is also said to influence the effects of THC. Ingesting the myrcene terpenes within a mango creates a "foundation" within one's body, and when coupled with the myrcene in cannabis, leads to more powerful smoking experience.
Sounds a little too good to be true, and that's probably because it is. We spoke to Adam Greenblatt, Executive Director of Santé Cannabis, Montreal's first and only medical marijuana clinic. Greenblatt pointed out that any "study" such as this should be taken with a grain of salt, then went on to confirm the mango-marijuana combo "is just not true."
Other researchers support Greenblatt's opinion. Michael Backes, author of Cannabis Pharmacy: The Practical Guide to Medical Marijuana points out to Dangerous Minds that, while myrcene can positvely influence the effects of THC, a human can't really absorb the compound simply by eating a mango. Myrcene, is a type of terpene, which is kind of like a natural pesticide, and humans evolved in a way to filter out such compounds, meaning next to no myrcene will actually enter your bloodstream post-mango.
So it seems like the mango theory is mostly just rumour and hearsay. Still, you could try yourself, and hey, maybe the placebo effect will be enough to make a marked difference in your smoking experience.
Are you looking for more? Click here for Montreal's First Marijuana Clinic Opens Downtown On Amherst Street >
For more on all things Montreal, follow Michael on Twitter @MDAlimonte


The Balvenie distillery is located in the burgh of Dufftown in Moray, Scotland — in the Speyside region at the north end of the country — and produces some of the most popular whisky on the planet. Both The Balvenie's delectable and pricey 21 Year Old Portwood and their more affordable DoubleWood are highly respected, much-enjoyed single malts. But if you're in the market for something a bit different, their newly released 15 Year Single Barrel Sherry Cask is richly rewarding aesthetically and on the palate.
This rendition of their 15 Year Old is a significant departure from their previous oak-matured version and a well-executed replacement that bears more character than its forbearer thanks to 15 years of aging in Oloroso Sherry casks. Oloroso Sherry is essentially a fortified Spanish wine whose character stems from years of aging in these toasted casks, which are heated just before the wine makes its way inside. These sherry casks do something truly wonderful to Balvenie's whisky during its 15 years of mellowing. The wine left in the pores of the wood, along with the toasting, gives the whisky a deep, rich mahogany brown coloring and more body than oak-casked whisky; next to a glass of DoubleWood, it's easily more visually tantalizing.
Pop the wood-topped cork and before the 15 Year hits the glass, the aromas of dry fruit, singed orange peel, spice and toasted sugar are unmistakeable. The more it's exposed to the air (and without even a small cut with water), the more prominent the nose. Sipped, the 15 Year Single Barrel landed with a wave of orange peel, cinnamon, toasted sugar and dried fruit. There's even a bit of brine mid-palate and a sherry finish so long it remains on the tongue for a half minute after sipping.
The whisky's balance is remarkable, with a beautiful progression of flavors from front to back. This second bottling in The Balvenie's Single Barrel line is a spectacular whisky iteration, easily eclipsing the first release from oak casks. It's the perfect complex whisky for after-dinner relaxation at the end of a busy day — at a reasonable price of around $100. If you can find a bottle, that is. Word on the street is that it's sold out nearly everywhere. Now that's cause for drinking.


Something new – AVAAZ encourages individual campaigns now . I started one. Click the link and read the proposal, and if you like the idea vote for it.
Family structures are changing for a variety of reasons. No use blaming parents and home-makers that are unable to cope. No good romanticising the past. Parents and carers need support in this time of flux. New structures are emerging, single parents or carers, for example, seek families of heart and mind. Our policy-makers don't seem to take note of this phenomenon. Think of independent units around a communal space that would allow socialising and the sharing of skills.
And why not use the psychological knowledge that has been available for decades? Why is this knowledge not disseminated to parents? Corporations require further training from their employees, offer courses that teach people skills, because they realise these skills improve business.
Parenting is important business, without question the most important one. Years ago, when I was involved with Parent-Link, sharing skills, I had an idea how to create more opportunities for parents and raise their status. You can read about it by clicking on the AVAAZ link above. And please vote, or come up with your own ideas.
Present social policies often force a mother or father to beg alms from the state, become unemployed. Is a parent ever unemployed? Children are the future and must concern us all. I meet many parents, who, even with heightened awareness, tenacity, creativity and sacrifice, struggle to stay sane.


1.	In small bowl, combine avocado and lime juice and smash roughly with potato masher or back of fork. Add cilantro and season.
1.	Combine all ingredients in small bowl and stir to combine.
1.	Warm or toast each bagel slightly.
2.	On bottom half of each bagel, place generous amount of cream cheese.
3.	Top with ham steaks followed by tomato and then smashed avocado.
4.	Place bagel tops on each.


Satisfy your curiosity about the workhouse system through tours, guides and exhibitions.
From plot to pauper plate, explore the recreated Victorian vegetable garden and admire the range of heritage varieties grown.
The 'Hands On or Hands Off?' project at The Workhouse involves the collaboration with local community groups as we carry out vital conservation work.
The Workhouse is re-opening after an extensive conservation and visitor experience project. Join us as we bring its themes and stories to a 21st-century audience, looking at how society currently manages poverty compared to the past.
Hands On or Hands Off? If Walls Could Talk.
This Workhouse exhibition is linked with the National Trust programme and is an exciting opportunity to see conservation in action focusing on how and why we conserve our wallpaper.
Visitors will have a chance to see the work in progress of a new significant contemporary art piece. Displayed and hosted at The Workhouse, this commission is through the lens of people with learning difficulties.
This inspirational installation at The Workhouse, aims to engage the audience with the voices of young people who are experiencing poverty and stigma in contemporary Britain.
An exhibition of historical costumes based on research about 6 women who were involved in nursing at The Workhouse.
Every Wednesday in the summer holidays step back in time at The Workhouse - find and help the inmates doing their daily jobs.
Browse our shop for Workhouse inspired gifts and souvenirs.
Take a break with a light snack and a hot drink.
From being a room guide to gardening, there's a role to suit everyone and we always welcome new faces to our friendly team of helpers.
One of our volunteers, Jane Bench, talks about her work as a key researcher for The Workhouse.
How the oral history from people who once lived and worked here has helped us to accurately recreate this special place.
Work with our award-winning education team to create a thought provoking session for your pupils in this atmospheric setting.
This group of volunteers brings the past to life with stories inspired by Workhouse records - find out how to book them for your visit.
Learn about The Workhouse's role and how it evolved through time, with the site providing shelter for those in need until the 1980s.
Take a look at what we can offer your group and how to make your booking.
The perfect English country house?
Walking up the paupers' path towards The Workhouse it is easy to imagine how the Victorian poor might have felt as they sought refuge here. This austere building, the most complete workhouse in existence, was built in 1824 as a place of last resort for the destitute. Its architecture was influenced by prison design and its harsh regime became a blueprint for workhouses throughout the country.
The stories of those who lived and worked here in the 1840s help bring the building to life and prompt reflection on how society has tackled poverty through the centuries.
SatNav: Please note, some services such as Google Maps will not send you to our front entrance. To help, please look for The Workhouse on 'Upton Road, NG25 0PT'.


Topical Corticosteroids are used directly on the skin. They are also known as topical steroids.
They are totally different from anabolic steroids, normally used by some athletes and body-builders. These are illegal and can have some serious side effects.
The steroids in eczema treatments effect the immune system.
People who have eczema tend to have an over-active immune system. This causes inflammation and itchiness. The treatment reduces the system's activity, so reducing the symptoms.
Topical steroids come in 4 strengths. The strength you use depends on the severity of your eczema.
If a mild treatment is not effective, a moderate one may be tried. Though your doctor or specialist will recommend using the lowest strength that works. This could change depending on the condition of your eczema.
The one negative thing you may hear about with regards to using topical corticosteroid treatment, is the side effects. Most side effects come from using stronger treatments over a long period of time. Anyone using stronger creams will be monitored by their doctor or specialist, so side effects are rare.
There are guidelines to the use of topical corticosteroids. These include the advised amounts to use on certain areas of the body.
I have always used topical corticosteroid treatments. Though only when I have needed to. I always have a tube of mild hydrocortisone in my bag. It doesn't get used too often....well not until the weather changes and the central heating comes on!
I am like anyone else with eczema. I succumb to the itch sometimes. I have had my fair share of infections over the years. I am normally prescribed Fucibet for it. Fucibet is a steroid cream combined with antibiotics.
It is more than often my hands that get infected. I know the signs of an infection well now so I visit the doctor as soon as I notice it. I can get the treatment started as early as possible. It stops it spreading, so making it easier to treat with a cream.
Another cream I have used is Eumovate. I used this when I needed a slightly stronger steroid. It is very handy to be able to buy this at the chemist. Though I recommend that you follow the pharmacist's directions of use.
I tend to use Eumovate for a maximum of 7 days. If my eczema is being stubborn, then I visit my doctor. My eczema tends to be infected if a moderate steroid does not improve it.
Even when using a topical corticosteroid I still use an emollient constantly. It helps to reduce the amount of hydrocortisone I use. It also helps reduce the itch so stops the scratching that promotes infection.
I used to worry about the side effects. As I got older I looked into it. I found that a lot of older reports on topical steroids seem to be over exaggerated. I follow the guidelines of usage. As well as the directions from my doctor or the pharmacist. But I still wanted to find out as much I could for myself.
I am very happy to use them now. They are a very important part of the treatment of my eczema. I just make sure I use them the right way.


text:
Weekend Bites: Brandon Taylor Interviewed, Sean Michaels, Amina Cain and Patty Yumi Cottrell, and More
In our weekend reading: interviews with Brandon Taylor and Sean Michaels, thoughts on how best to support musicians, and more.
Books, Books of the Month, Featured
Vol.1 Brooklyn's January 2020 Book Preview
New year, new books. January offers plenty of new titles to choose from, ranging from unsettling dystopias to thought-provoking works of nonfiction to boldly experimental literary works. Some of the books we're most excited to read this month are from old favorites of ours; others are from writers whose work we're eager to read for the first time. Here's a selection of some of the January books we're looking forward to.
Columns, tobyreads
#tobyreads: Fragmentary Lives, Transmitted Over the Air
In our latest week-in-reading column, we look at new novels from Ottessa Moshfegh, Sean Michaels, and Lynn Lurie.
Morning Bites: Bedhead Retrospective, John Darnielle Interviewed, Mira Gonzalez, Sean Michaels and Carey Mercer, and More
A look back at the music of Bedhead, Sean Michaels interviewed Carey Mercer, poetry from Mira Gonzalez, an interview with John Darnielle, and more.
Morning Bites: Atticus Lish, Sarah Gerard's Latest, A Charles D'Ambrosio Essay, Girlpool Interviewed, and More
Reviews of Atticus Lish's new novel and Cult of Youth's new album; an excerpt from Sarah Gerard's forthcoming Binary Star; Sean Michaels and Sofia Samatar on winning awards; and more.
Weekend Bites: "Belzhar" Reviewed, Elif Batuman on "Gone Girl," Sean Michaels Interviewed, New Alexander Chee Fiction, and More
Thoughts on new fiction from Meg Wolitzer and a new album from Ex Hex, short stories from some excellent NYC-based writers, Elif Batuman on marriage and Gone Girl, and more.
Art, Book Review, Books, reviews
Lessons in Collaboration and Inspiration: Notes on "You Are the Friction"
You Are the Friction foreword by Sean Michaels Sing Statistics; 216 p. The process of inspiration is something that never fails to grab my attention. By which I mean: wear your influences on your sleeve and it's liable to pique my interest. Years ago, I fell hard for Chris Eaton's novel The Grammar Architect, which he's described as a cover of Thomas Hardy's A Pair of Blue Eyes. More recently, John Darnielle's book in the 33 1/3 series took Black Sabbath's Master of […]
Weekend Bites: Rivka Galchen, Debut Novelists, Ariel Schrag's Latest, Julianna Barwick's Brewery Collaboration, and More
An interview with Rivka Galchen, and a review of her latest; thoughts on Julianna Barwick's new EP and Ariel Schrag's new novel; talking with debut novelists, a profile of Sean Michaels, and more.


text:
Sports Cricket 12 Jun 2019 ICC Worldcup 2019: T ...
Sports, Cricket
ICC Worldcup 2019: Thumbs down
Published Jun 12, 2019, 1:29 am IST
Updated Jun 12, 2019, 1:33 am IST
Dhawan sustains hand injury, set to miss minimum three games.
Nottingham: In-form senior India opener Shikhar Dhawan was Tuesday ruled out of at least three World Cup matches after sustaining a hairline fracture on his left hand. While it is blow to the team ahead of India's third game against New Zealand, the good news is there is a chance that he will recover and therefore, the team management has not sought for any replacement.
"Team India opening batsman Shikhar Dhawan is presently under the observation of the BCCI medical team. The team management has decided that Dhawan will continue to be in England and his progress will be monitored," Indian team media manager posted on official WhatsApp group.
While earlier it was learnt that Dhawan had suffered a thumb fracture, it has been clarified that the injury is on the back of his left hand. "Dhawan sustained an injury on the back of his left hand in the region between the index finger and thumb during the CWC 2019 league match against Australia," the media manager further stated.
The left-hander along with physio Patrick Farhart, went to Leeds for consultation with specialists earlier Tuesday. Dhawan will miss the game against New Zealand on Thursday and the marquee clash against Pakistan on Sunday. It remains to be seen if he regains fitness for the match against Afghanistan of June 22 but the team is expecting that he will be fully fit by the business end of the tournament.
"As of now, no replacement is being sought. The team management belie-ves that Shikhar is a match winner and should be given every chance to get fit. In fact, his treatment and recovery can happen faster here and team expects him to be back in action," a senior BCCI official, currently in UK, said on conditions of anonymity.
It is learnt that at no point of time any replacement was sought. Even though the names of Rishabh Pant and Shreyas Iyer were doing the rounds, the senior official said that they were mere speculations. "The team management never asked for replacements. I don't know from where the news of Rishabh Pant joining the squad was making rounds. It was speculation by the media," the official added.
Since India play Afghanistan on June 22 in Southampton, which is six days after the Pakistan game in Manchester on June 16, Dhawan will get at least 11 days to recover. Even if Dhawan misses the Afghanistan game, the next match against West Indies in Manchester, which is on June 27, gives him another six days to recover.
The team management is thinking about taking a chance that will allow him to recover for the last three league games (against England on June 30, against Bangladesh on July 2 and Sri Lanka on July 6) before gearing for a semi-final, where India are almost certain to feature. Dhawan was the hero of India's win over Australia on Sunday with a knock of 117 off 109 balls.
His injury-forced ab-sence would be a massive blow for India given his stupendous record in ICC events. In the 10 World Cup matches he has played, Dhawan has amassed 537 runs at an average of 53.70 with a strike rate of 94.21. He batted through pain after being hit on his left thumb by a rising delivery from pacer Pat Cummins on Sunday but didn't field during the clash.
It has been learnt that the team management is not too keen on a replacement right now unless the doctors rule him out for more than a month.
Tags: shikhar dhawan, icc 2019 world cup, fracture, whatsapp
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text:
Russian state
Российское государство
Rossiyskoye gosudarstvo
Единая и неделимая Россия!
Yedinaya i nedelimaya Rossiiya!
"United and indivisible Russia!"
Anthem:
Коль славен
Kol' slaven
"If glorious!"
Common languages
Official: Russian
Supreme Leader
Alexander Kolchak (first)
Anton Denikin (last)
Pyotr Vologodsky (first)
• 1919-1920
Viktor Pepelyayev (last)
Provisional All-Russian Government
• Act of the Ufa State Conference
• Soviet Russia
Russian Democratic Federative Republic
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
History of Russia
Early Slavs/Rus' pre-9th century
Old Great Bulgaria 632–668
Khazar Khaganate 650-969
Rus' Khaganate 9th century
Volga Bulgaria 9th–13th century
Kievan Rus' 882–1240
Grand Duchy of Vladimir 1157–1331
Novgorod Republic 1136–1478
Golden Horde 1240s–1480
Grand Duchy of Moscow 1283–1547
Tsardom of Russia 1547–1721
Russian Empire 1721–1917
Russian Republic 1917
Russian SFSR 1917–1991
Russian state 1918–1920
Soviet Union 1922–1991
Russian Federation 1991–present
Russia portal
Russian state[1] (Российское государство, Rossiyskoye gosudarstvo) — is a state proclaimed by the Act of the Ufa State Conference of September 23, 1918 (the Constitution of the Provisional All-Russian Government) "on the formation of the all-Russian supreme power" in the name of "restoring state unity and independence of Russia" affected by the revolutionary events of 1917, the establishment of Soviet power and the signing of the Soviet government of the treaty of Brest-Litovsk.[2][3][4][5]
1 The act on the establishment of the All-Russian supreme power
2 Centralization of management
3 The November 18 coup
4 State symbols
4.1 The anthem
4.2 The coat of arms
4.3 State awards
5 State-political structure
5.1 Government
6 Economics and finance
7 Foreign policy
8 Military
8.1 September - December 1918
8.3 Relations with allies
9 International legal recognition
12 Literature
The act on the establishment of the All-Russian supreme power[edit]
The delegations from Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly, the Provisional Siberian Government, the Provisional Regional Government of the Urals, Cossack Troops governments, governments of a number of national-state entities, several all-Russian political parties that were present at the meeting formed the Provisional All-Russian Government (the so-called "Ufa Directory"), which was headed by Nikolai Avksentiev. It was found that the Provisional All-Russian Government "until the convening of the All-Russian Constituent Assembly is the sole bearer of the supreme power in the whole space of the Russian state".[2] The act provided for "the transfer to the Provisional All-Russian Government, as soon as it requires it," "all the functions of the supreme power." Thus, the sovereignty of regional entities was abolished, which was replaced by the "wide autonomy of the regions", the limits of which were completely dependent on the "wisdom of the Provisional All-Russian Government".[2][3]
The All-Russian government was charged with helping to speed up the convocation of the Constituent Assembly and subsequently unconditionally submit to it "as the only supreme power in the country".[2]
The fundamentals of the national-state structure of Russia should have proceeded from federal principles: "the organization of liberating Russia on the basis of recognition of its individual areas of the rights of broad autonomy, due to both geographical and economic, and ethnic characteristics, suggesting the final establishment of a federal organization on federal principles by the full Constituent Assembly ..., recognition for national minorities that do not occupy a separate territory, the rights to cultural-national self definition.[2]
With regard to the Russian army, the Act spoke of the need to "re-create a strong, combat-ready, unified Russian army, delivered outside the influence of political parties" and, at the same time, "the inadmissibility of the political organizations of servicemen and the elimination of the army from politics".[2]
The following tasks were identified as urgent tasks for restoring state unity and independence of Russia:[2]
The struggle for the liberation of Russia from Soviet power;
The reunification of the rejected, fallen and scattered regions of Russia;
The non-recognition of Brest and all other treaties of an international character, concluded both on behalf of Russia and its separate parts after the February Revolution, by any authority other than the Russian Provisional Government, and the restoration of the actual strength of the treaty relations with the powers of accord;
Continuation of the war against the Central Powers.
Centralization of management[edit]
On October 9, 1918, the Provisional All-Russian Government moved from Ufa to Omsk in connection with the approach of the Red Army to Ufa.
On November 4, the Provisional All-Russian Government appealed to all regional governments with a request to immediately dissolve "all without exception Regional Governments and Regional Representative Institutions" and to transfer all powers to manage the All-Russian Government. On the same day, on the basis of the ministries and central administrations of the Provisional Siberian Government, the executive body of the Directory was formed - the All-Russian Council of Ministers, headed by Pyotr Vologdsky. Such centralization of state power was due to the need, first of all, to "recreate the combat power of the motherland, so necessary in the struggle for the revival of Great and United Russia", "to create the conditions necessary for supplying the army and organizing the rear on an All-Russia scale".
Thanks to this, it was possible to achieve the abolition of all regional, national and Cossack governments in the east of Russia and thereby consolidate the forces of anti-Bolshevik resistance.
The November 18 coup[edit]
On November 18, 1918, the members of the Directory who were in Omsk were arrested, the Council of Ministers announced the assumption of full supreme power and then decided to transfer it to one person, conferring on him the title of Supreme Leader.[6] Admiral Alexander Kolchak was elected by secret ballot to members of the Council of Ministers for this post. The admiral accepted the offer and announced the assumption of the rank of Supreme Commander. A new Russian government was formed, which went down in history as Omsk government, or the Kolchak government, which existed until January 4, 1920.
All commanders of the White armies in the south and west of Russia, as well as in Siberia and the Far East recognized the supreme ruler of Admiral Kolchak; at the turn of May — June 1919, the generals Anton Denikin, Yevgeny Miller, Nikolai Yudenich voluntarily submitted to Alexander Kolchak and officially recognized his Supreme Command over all armies in Russia. The Supreme Commander at the same time confirmed the powers of commanders. By order of the supreme leader Miller and Yudenich received the status of governor-general.[7]
From this point on, the Armed Forces of South Russia, the Northwestern Army, the Northern Army and the Eastern Front acted on the fronts of this united army.
The name "Russian army" was approved as the unification of all the white fronts, the status of the front commanders formally from the commander-in-chief was given to the commanders of the Northern and North-Western armies generals Yudenich and Miller.
Alexander Kolchak continued the economic and political course of the Provisional Siberian Government[8], the former head of which - Pyotr Vologodsky, who became for the supreme ruler a symbol of the legitimacy of his rule, was left as chairman of the Council of Ministers. In the very first statements after the "November 18 coup", both the Russian government, the supreme leader himself, and the white rulers and governments of other Russian regions that recognized his authority confirmed the need to convene a National Constituent Assembly, which was to become a truly unifying center, without any participation "Revolutionary radicals". For this, a new electoral law was developed.
State symbols[edit]
The anthem[edit]
On November 19, 1918, the Council of Ministers adopted a resolution at the suggestion of the Minister of Foreign Affairs Yury Klyuchnikov to consider the oldest spiritual anthem of the Russian Empire, "If our Lord is glorious in Zion" (by Mikhail Kheraskov, music by Dmitry Bortnyansky), to be the national anthem of Russia. The rules of the anthem repeated the order of the hymn "God Save the Tsar!".[1]
The coat of arms[edit]
One of the projects of the state emblem. 1918
In January - April 1919, in Omsk, on the initiative of the Society of Artists and Fine Art Lovers of the Steppe Territory, competitions were held to create a new text of the national anthem and a new state coat. It was announced that, under the terms of the competition, the state coat, "preserving the image of the two-headed eagle, should be compiled in more artistic forms, in the basics of the ancient Russian style, and should correspond to the modern understanding of decorativeness", and "instead of the removed emblems of the tsarist era (crowns, scepter and powers) the coat of arms should be decorated with emblems characteristic of the new reviving statehood".[1]
During the competition, 210 versions of the text of the anthem and 97 projects of the State coat were proposed. The most likely contender for victory was considered a project created by an artist from Kazan, Gleb Ilyin, a two-headed eagle, above which stood a cross with the motto "We will win with this!". The regional coats of the Russian Empire were removed from the wings of the eagle, but the Moscow coat of arms with Saint George was left, the crowns also disappeared, but the power remained, and the scepter replaced the sword. Although none of the submitted projects of the coat of arms was finally approved by the jury, the project of Gleb Ilyin was often met on stationery stamps, on the pages of the Siberian press and was used on banknotes.[1]
On May 9, 1919, the decree of the Council of Ministers of the Russian government approved the symbolism of the Supreme leader is a flag and a pennant with a double-headed eagle, but without signs of "imperial" authority.[1].
State awards[edit]
Simultaneously with the competition for a new anthem and emblem, a competition was held for new State Orders - "Revival of Russia" and "Liberation of Siberia". The submitted drafts Order of the Revival of Russia did not receive the approval of the jury. Only the draft of the Order of the Liberation of Siberia, approved by the same Gleb Ilyin, was approved.[1]
The main reason for the lack of competition results was considered the "ideological inopportunity" of such events. As a jury member, writer Sergei Auslender, recalled: "The main content of the overwhelming majority of projects was the idea of" Russia on the march ", which, of course, did not correspond to the task set - to create the sovereign symbolism of the updated Russian state". The jury also expressed doubts about the lack of monarchical symbolism in the submitted projects, which went against the principle of "non-denial" declared by the white government.[1]
State-political structure[edit]
The state consisted of 3 separate parts, only the Omsk and Arkhangelsk governments for some time were able to connect their territories.
The laws that were passed in Omsk became binding on all territories of the Russian State.
Omsk government provided financial assistance to the South. Miller's northern government, to address the issue of lack of bread, made purchases in Siberia.[9]
The structure of government consisted of temporary government bodies. These authorities were limited to the duration of the wartime and the restoration of the full order in the country.
The Supreme leader is the sole head of state, with full supreme legislative, executive and judicial powers.[6] According to the position he was the Supreme Commander of all land and sea armed forces of Russia. The only person holding this post was Admiral Alexander Kolchak. On January 4, 1920, he signed his last decree, in which he announced his intention to transfer the powers of the "Supreme All-Russian Power" to Anton Denikin. Pending receipt of instructions from Anton Denikin, "the full military and civilian authority throughout the Russian Eastern Fringe" was provided to Lieutenant General Grigory Semyonov. Anton Denikin did not officially enter this position, although he actually performed it.
The Council of Ministers is the highest legislative and executive authority of the Russian state, the guarantor of the supreme power of the head of state.
Chairman of the Council of Ministers;
Minister of Internal Affairs;
War Minister;
Foreign Secretary;
Minister of Colonization and Farming;
Maritime minister;
Minister of Education;
Minister of Food and Supply;
Minister of Railways;
Minister of Commerce and Industry;
Minister of Labor;
Minister of Finance;
Minister of Justice;
State Comptroller of the Supreme Ruler;
Managing the affairs of the Supreme Governor and the Council of Ministers.
The Council of the Supreme leader is an advisory and advisory body on the most important state issues under the Supreme leader of the Russian State.
Supreme leader - leads the position;
Chairman of the Council of Ministers - by appointment;
Minister of Finance - by position;
Minister of the Interior - by position;
Minister of Foreign Affairs - by position;
Head of the Supreme Governor and the Council of Ministers;
Advisor to the Supreme leader - any person appointed at the discretion of the Supreme leader.
The Emergency State Economic Meeting is a consultative body on economic issues at the Council of Ministers. Performed the functions of "industrial-cooperative" representation. It existed in the original composition until May 2, 1919.
Chairman of the State Emergency Economic Meeting - Sergey Fedosyev;
Minister of War;
The Minister of Food and Supply;
The Minister of Railways;
3 representatives of private and cooperative banks;
5 representatives of the All-Russian Council of Congresses of Trade and Industry;
3 representatives of the Council of Cooperative Congresses.
The State Economic Meeting is a special advisory body on major economic issues under the Council of Ministers, established on May 2, 1919 by transforming the Extraordinary State Economic Meeting. Developed projects to improve economic policy, which were subsequently submitted to the Supreme Governor for review and approval.
Chairman of the State Economic Meeting - George Hins;
ministers;
representatives of private and cooperative banks;
Representatives of the All-Russian Council of Congresses of Trade and Industry;
representatives of Zemsky assemblies and city councils;
representatives of the Cossack troops.
The Committee of the Council of Ministers on the observance of law and order in management is the control and deliberative body of the Council of Ministers, which has supervised control functions in the area of compliance with the law and the rules of order.
The Office of the Supreme Leader is a state body that performed functions in order to ensure the activities of the Supreme Leader as head of state in the exercise of supreme state power.
The Director of the Office of the Supreme Governor is Major General Martynov.
Economics and finance[edit]
Alexander Kolchak had Russia's gold reserves in the form of gold coins and ingots, as well as jewelry, platinum, silver and securities, captured by the People's Army of the Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly in Kazan in August 1918 and later transported to Omsk. Gold reserves were estimated at 650 million rubles in gold at the pre-war rate. The government of Kolchak spent 240 million gold rubles for the payment of the tsar's debts and for the supply of the allies.It was impossible to do without these supplies, because in an atmosphere of economic chaos during the Civil War, industrial enterprises reduced production several times.[7]
Foreign policy[edit]
In foreign policy, Alexander Kolchak steadily adhered to the orientation on Russia's former allies in the First World War. As the Supreme ruler and successor to the pre-October Russian governments (tsarist and interim) in a declaration of November 21, 1918, he recognized their external debts and other contractual obligations (by the end of 1917, Russia's foreign debt exceeded 12 billion rubles).[7]
The chief representative of the white governments abroad was the former tsarist foreign minister, an experienced diplomat Sergey Sazonov, who was in Paris. All Russian embassies abroad, remaining from the pre-revolution period, submitted to him, retaining their apparatus, property and functions.[7]
The Russian state was de jure recognized internationally by only one state - the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. At the end of June 1919, Chargé d'affaires of the Yugoslav Foreign Ministry Jovan Milanković arrived in Omsk. Vasily Strandman was appointed Ambassador in Belgrade[1].
The Russian state was de facto recognized by the countries of the Entente and the countries that emerged after the collapse of European empires - Czechoslovakia, Finland, Poland, and the Baltic Limitrophe states[1].
The declaration of the All-Russian Government of December 7, 1918 on the end of world war expressed the hope of Russia's participation in the Paris Peace Conference. The government created a special commission at its Foreign Ministry to prepare for a peace conference in the hope that Russia will be represented at Versailles as a great country that suffered huge losses and for three years held a second front, without which the final victory of the Allies would be impossible. This was assured by Russia, in particular, by the head of the French military mission, General Maurice Janin, speaking on his arrival in Vladivostok in November 1918. It was assumed that if prior to the convening of the conference, the new Russia's government is not legally recognized by the allies, then any of the diplomats of old Russia will represent its interests in agreement with the white governments. However, the position of the allies in this matter soon changed. The decisive argument was the absence of a legally recognized government of all Russia.[7]
As a result, the conference decided: to postpone consideration of the question of Russia, its international status and borders until the end of the Civil War, when a single government will be established throughout its entire territory, and then convene a special international conference on all issues related to it.[7]
IIn January 1919, US President Woodrow Wilson and British Prime Minister David Lloyd George launched an initiative to convene a special international conference on the Russian question on the Princes Islands, to which representatives of both opposing sides were invited: the Bolsheviks and the whites. The Soviet government responded to this proposal. Among whites, however, the proposal of the Allies to negotiate with the Bolsheviks caused a wave of indignation. Kolchak and Denikin refused to send their representatives to the Princes' Islands[7].
Military[edit]
Orenburg Independent Army
Czechoslovak Corps
September - December 1918[edit]
On September 28, 1918, Lieutenant-General Vasily Boldyrev, a member of the Directorate of the General Staff, was appointed commander-in-chief of all land and naval armed forces of Russia and took command of the combined Russian armed units of Eastern Russia (the Siberian army, the Orenburg and Ural Cossack units, the remnants of the People's Army of Komuch and the Czechoslovak Corps).
At first, the unification of the Siberian and Peoples Army did not lead to success: the new command could not properly use the available capabilities, and the units of the Peoples Army left to themselves continued the retreat that began as early as September. October 3, 1918 Syzran was left, October 8 - Samara.
In early October, General Boldyrev reorganized the command of the armed forces of the East of Russia, distributing all the troops subordinate to him on three fronts: Western, South-Western and Siberian. The structure of the Western Front included all Russian and Czechoslovak troops operating against the Soviet troops of the Eastern Front north of the line Nikolaevsk-Buzuluk-Sterlitamak-Verkhneuralsk-Kustanay-Pavlodar. The commander-in-chief of the Czechoslovak Corps, Major General Jan Syrový, was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Western Front, and General Mikhail Dieterikhs was appointed Chief of Staff of the Front. The front consisted of Russian, Bashkir and Czechoslovak military units in the Urals and in the Volga region: two divisions of the Czechoslovak Corps and the Yekaterinburg group (commanded by Radola Gajda), the Kama group (commanded by lieutenant-general Sergey Lyupov), the Samara group (all groups with rights armies), (commander - colonel (later Major General) Sergei Wojciechowski); Kama military river flotilla (commander - Rear Admiral Mikhail Smirnov). The Ural and Orenburg Cossack troops, as well as regular units operating to the south of this line on the Saratov and Tashkent directions, formed the South-Western Front, led by the ataman of the Orenburg Cossack army, Lieutenant General Alexander Dutov. All anti-Bolshevik troops operating on the territory of Siberia became part of the Siberian Front, whose commander-in-chief was appointed Commander of the Siberian Army, Major General Pavel Ivanov-Rinov.
Due to the transformation of the military ministry of the Provisional Siberian Government into the military and naval ministry of the Provisional All-Russian Government, on November 2, 1918, Pavel Ivanov-Rinov was relieved of his post as governor, but retained the post of commander of the Siberian army.
The reorganization of the management of the anti-Bolshevik armed forces of the East of Russia was completed by Admiral Alexander Kolchak, as Supreme Commander. On December 18, 1918, he ordered the elimination of the corps areas of the Siberian Army and the formation of military districts instead:
West Siberian with headquarters in Omsk (Tobolsk, Tomsk and Altai provinces, Akmola and Semipalatinsk regions);
Mid-Siberian with headquarters in Irkutsk (Yenisei and Irkutsk provinces, Yakutsk region);
Far East with headquarters in Khabarovsk (Amur, Primorsk and Trans-Baikal regions, northern part of Sakhalin Island).[10]
By the same order, Kolchak approved the Orenburg Military District with the headquarters in Orenburg (Orenburg province without Chelyabinsk district and Turgay region), which was formed by the order of the military circle of the Orenburg Cossack army.
In the autumn - winter of 1918, the situation on the front favored Kolchak's plans for uniting disparate anti-Bolshevik forces. On November 29, the Yekaterinburg group of the Siberian Army, having launched a decisive offensive, completely crushed the 3rd Army of the Red Army, took Kungur (December 21) and Perm (December 24), where it took huge trophies.
After the establishment in December 1918 of the Headquarters of the Supreme Commander Admiral Kolchak, the Siberian army was disbanded.
On December 24, a new Siberian army was formed from the Yekaterinburg Group of Forces (as part of the 1st Mid-Siberian Corps, 3rd Steppe Siberian Corps, Votkinsk Division and Krasnoufimsky Brigade), whose temporary command was entrusted to General Radola Gajda. For the formation of the army headquarters, it was proposed to use the headquarters of the former Siberian Army, which should be redeployed from Omsk to Yekaterinburg as soon as possible. General Boris Bogoslovsky, Chief of Staff of the Yekaterinburg Group, was appointed to execute the Chief of Staff of the Siberian Army.
The Western Army, led by General Mikhail Khanzhin, commander of the 3rd Ural Corps, was formed from parts of the Samara and Kama Group of Forces, the 3rd and 6th Ural Corps. Chief of Staff of the Samara Group, General Sergey Schepikhin, was appointed Chief of the Army Staff. On the basis of the troops of the South-Western Front, the Orenburg Separate Army was formed under the command of General Alexander Dutov. The troops of the Siberian Front were reorganized into the 2nd Steppe Siberian Separate Corps of General Vladimir Brzezovsky, which operated on the Semirechensky direction.
In January-February 1919, the reorganized Siberian Army repulsed the Red Army counter-offensive against Perm.
In early March, the Siberian and Western armies launched an offensive.
The Siberian army, advancing on Vyatka and Kazan, in April took Sarapul, Votkinsk and Izhevsk and entered the approaches to Kazan. The Western army occupied Ufa (March 14), Belebey, Birsk, Bugulma (April 10), Buguruslan, and approached Samara. The South Army group of the 4th Army Corps and the Consolidated Sterlitamak Corps, which was attacking Aktobe-Orenburg, which is under its operational subordination, entered the suburbs of Orenburg and together with the Orenburg Cossacks laid siege to the city in late April.
As a result of the general offensive, the whole of the Ural was occupied, and Kolchak's troops came very close to the Volga.
It was at that moment that the strategic miscalculation of the White Army command became obvious: the offensive that developed along concentric divergent directions was stopped by the troops of the Eastern Front of the Red Army, and on April 28 the Southern Group of the Eastern Front of the Red Army launched a counteroffensive against the Western Army. She defeated her near Buguruslan and Belebei and threw her across the White River. At the end of May, the troops of the Western Army were consolidated into the Volga, Ural and Ufa groups. In the battle for Ufa (May 25-June 19), the Western army was again defeated and retreated to Chelyabinsk.
The Siberian army was forced to stop its offensive and start a withdrawal due to the threat to its left flank. In June, due to the continuing retreat of the Western Army, parts of the Siberian Army were forced to begin a hasty retreat along the entire front and in July they withdrew to the Trans-Urals. Ekaterinburg and Chelyabinsk were left.
On July 22, 1919, the Siberian army was divided into the 1st (on the Tyumen direction) and the 2nd (on the Kurgan direction) Siberian armies, which together with the 3rd army (the former Western army) formed the Eastern Front under the command of General Mikhail Diterikhs .
The southern army group of the Western army did not manage to take Orenburg, and in August, after the beginning of the general retreat of the whites, it also retreated to the east.
The 1st and 2nd Siberian armies successfully participated in the Tobolsk offensive operation (August - October 1919), but after the collapse of the Eastern front, which took place in October-November 1919, their remnants retreated to Transbaikalia, where they continued to fight against the Bolsheviks until November 1920.
Relations with allies[edit]
At first, the governments of Britain and France believed that the whole struggle against the Bolsheviks in Russia should be conducted under Western leadership. Maurice Janin, the head of the Allied mission, who arrived in Omsk through Vladivostok at the end of 1918, presented a mandate signed by Georges Clemenceau and David Lloyd-George, according to which he was authorized to command all the troops in Siberia, both allied and Russian. Alexander Kolchak categorically rejected this mandate, saying that he would rather refuse foreign aid altogether rather than agree to such conditions. After the negotiations, the Allied governments made concessions, and a compromise was reached: Admiral Kolchak remained the Supreme Commander of the Russian troops, and Maurice Janin was appointed by the Kolchak order of January 19, 1919 as the Commander-in-Chief of the Allied forces, that is, the Czechs, as well as the smaller detachments of Serbs, Italians who arrived later, Romanians and Poles. Janin, however, did not forgive Kolchak of his decline in status. The British military mission under Kolchak was headed by General Alfred Knox, who was responsible for supplying the Kolchak army. He, unlike Janin, was loyal to Kolchak and showed a friendly attitude.[7]
The units of the Allied forces were located in the rear. On the front for a short time there were only a small French detachment and an English brigade, in which the rank and file was recruited mainly from the Russians. The Japanese and American troops stationed in the Far East did not submit to Janin. The Japanese kept in the territory from the Pacific Ocean to Transbaikalia a 40-thousand corps (originally even up to 70 thousand military men), the Americans - only 7-thousand brigade.[7]
The main assistance of the British and French allies was reduced to supplying the armies of Kolchak and Denikin with weapons and uniforms. The Czechoslovak Corps, despite the efforts of the Allied representatives, failed to return to the front. After the defeat of Germany and Austria-Hungary in the war, they sought to return home, not wanting to fight in a foreign country for goals they did not understand, especially after the Kolchak coup in Omsk, which the Czechs categorically did not support. With all the ostentatious "friendliness", the relationship between the Russians and the Czechs became increasingly strained. The only thing that the Czechs agreed to under pressure from representatives of the Entente was to carry in the rear security guards of the Trans-Siberian Railway from Novonikolayevsk to Irkutsk.[7].
As for the USA and Japan, they were limited mainly to maintaining political relations with Kolchak and the role of "friendly" observers in the Far East, waiting for the development of the situation, pursuing their economic interests and competing among themselves for the predominant influence in the region. At the same time, the American command was not inclined to actively intervene in Russian affairs, and even essentially hostile to the Kolchak regime because of its "undemocratic" nature and white terror. The Japanese, however, not only intervened, but also actively sought to subjugate the Far East to their influence. In the Far East, due to its remoteness, the small number of Russian troops and the presence of foreign troops, the power of the All-Russian government was almost nominal.
International legal recognition[edit]
The Russian state was recognized by the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (future Yugoslavia). On May 19, 1919, Prime Minister of the Kingdom Stoyan Protić issued an official note that he informed the All-Russian Government that the Kingdom recognized him as the legitimate Russian authority.[11] Russia also recognized this Kingdom. In Omsk, Jovan Milanković was appointed attorney in charge of the Kingdom, and the interests of the Provisional All-Russian Government in Belgrade were represented in 1919 by Vasily Shtrandtman[12].
^ a b c d e f g h i Цветков 2009.
^ a b c d e f g "№104. Акт об образовании всероссийской верховной власти, принятый на государственном совещании, имевшем место в городе Уфе с 8 по 23 сентября 1918 г. // Документы". www.scepsis.ru. Retrieved 2018-11-15.
^ a b Журавлев В. В. (2007-02-20). "Государственное совещание: к истории консолидации антибольшевистского движения на востоке России в июле — сентябре 1918 г." Сибирская Заимка. Retrieved 2018-11-15.
^ Г. К. Гинс, «Сибирь, союзники и Колчак. Поворотный момент русской истории 1918—1920 гг.», М., изд. Айрис-пресс, 2013, ISBN 978-5-8112-4563-5, стр. 148. (глава VIII: Уфимское Совещание — Ход работ в Уфе)
^ Мати Граф, «Эстония и Россия 1917—1991: Анатомия расставания», Таллинн, 2007 г., изд. Арго, ISBN 9789949415984, стр. 182
^ a b "№ 140. Положение о временном устройстве государственной власти в России, утвержденное советом министров 18 ноября 1918 г. // Документы". scepsis.ru. Retrieved 2018-11-15.
^ a b c d e f g h i j "СОЮЗНИКИ И БОРЬБА ЗА ПРИЗНАНИЕ". kolchak.sitecity.ru. Retrieved 2018-11-15.
^ Новиков П. А. Гражданская война в Восточной Сибири. — М.: ЗАО Центрполиграф, 2005. — 415 с. ISBN 5-9524-1400-1, стр.101
^ Зырянов П. Н. Адмирал Колчак, верховный правитель России / Павел Зырянов. — 4-е изд. — М.: Молодая гвардия, 2012. — 637[3] с.: ил. — (Жизнь замечательных людей: сер. биогр.; вып. 1356). ISBN 978-5-235-03375-7, С.463
^ 16 января 1919 года названия военных округов были заменены соответственно на Омский, Иркутский и Приамурский.
^ Москва — Сербия, Белград — Россия. Сборник документов и материалов. Т. 4. Русско-сербские отношения. 1917—1945 гг. — М., Белград: Б.и. — С. 116.
^ Москва — Сербия, Белград — Россия. Сборник документов и материалов. Т. 4. Русско-сербские отношения. 1917—1945 гг. — М., Белград: Б.и. — С. 116—117.
Цветков В. Ж. Белое дело в России. 1919 г. (формирование и эволюция политических структур Белого движения в России). — 1-е. — Москва: Посев, 2009. — 636 с. — 250 экз. — ISBN 978-5-85824-184-3.
Российское Государство с 1918 г. по 1920 г.
Государственные образования на территории России, 1917—1922
Десять мифов о Колчаке. Часть вторая
Retrieved from "https:/w/index.php?title=Russian_state&oldid=906740518"
Related to Russian state
The Russian Civil War was a multi-party civil war in the former Russian Empire immediately after the two Russian Revolutions of 1917, as many factions vied to determine Russia's political future. The two largest combatant groups were the Red Army, fighting for the Bolshevik form of socialism led by Vladimir Lenin, and the loosely allied forces known as the White Army, which included diverse interests favouring political monarchism, economic capitalism and alternative forms of socialism, each with democratic and anti-democratic variants. In addition, rival militant socialists and non-ideological Green armies fought against both the Bolsheviks and the Whites. Eight foreign nations intervened against the Red Army, notably the former Allied military forces from the World War and the pro-German armies. The Red Army eventually defeated the White Armed Forces of South Russia in Ukraine and the army led by Admiral Aleksandr Kolchak to the east in Siberia in 1919. The remains of the White forces commanded by Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel were beaten in Crimea and evacuated in late 1920. Lesser battles of the war continued on the periphery for two more years, and minor skirmishes with the remnants of the White forces in the Far East continued well into 1923. The war ended in 1923 in the sense that Bolshevik communist control of the newly formed Soviet Union was now assured, although armed national resistance in Central Asia was not completely crushed until 1934. There were an estimated 7,000,000–12,000,000 casualties during the war, mostly civilians.
White movement
The White movement and its military arm the White Army, also known as the White Guard, the White Guardsmen or simply the Whites, was a loose confederation of anti-communist forces that fought the Communist Bolsheviks, also known as the Reds, in the Russian Civil War (1917–1922/1923) and to a lesser extent continued operating as militarized associations insurrectionists both outside and within Russian borders in Siberia until roughly World War II (1939–1945).
Alexander Dutov
Alexander Ilyich Dutov (1879–1921) was one of the leaders of the Cossack counterrevolution in the Urals, lieutenant general (1919).
Siberian Intervention
The Siberian Intervention or Siberian Expedition of 1918–1922 was the dispatch of troops of the Entente powers to the Russian Maritime Provinces as part of a larger effort by the western powers and Japan and China to support White Russian forces against Soviet Russia and its allies during the Russian Civil War. The Imperial Japanese Army continued to occupy Siberia even after other Allied forces withdrew in 1920.
The Provisional All-Russian Government (PA-RG) was a short-lived government (1918–1920) centred in Omsk during the Russian Civil War of 1917–1922. It formed from the Komuch and from the Provisional Siberian Government, which consisted mainly of regional politicians and rightist officers and was based at Omsk. The two régimes had previously failed to work effectively together, with rivalry leading to a customs war and to numerous border disputes.
White movement in Transbaikal
The White movement in Transbaikal was a period of the confrontation between the Soviets and the Whites over dominance in Transbaikal from December 1917 to November 1920.
Sergei Wojciechowski
Sergei Wojciechowski was a Colonel of the Russian Army, Major-General in the White movement, and Czechoslovak Army general. Russian and Czechoslovakian military commander, Major-General and one of the leaders of the White movement in Siberia. Participant of the Great Siberian Ice March.
White Terror (Russia)
The White Terror in Russia refers to the organized violence and mass killings carried out by the White Army during the Russian Civil War (1917–23). It began after the Bolsheviks seized power in November 1917, and continued until the defeat of the White Army at the hands of the Red Army. The White Army fought the Red Army for power, which engaged in its own Red Terror. According to some Russian historians, the White Terror was a series of premeditated actions directed by their leaders, although this view is contested by others. Estimates for those killed in the White Terror vary, from between 20,000 and 100,000 people as well as much higher estimates of 300,000 deaths.
Siberian Army
The Siberian Army was an anti-Bolshevik army during the Russian Civil War, which fought from June 1918 – July 1919 in Siberia – Ural Region.
Spring Offensive of the Russian Army (1919)
The Spring Offensive of the Russian Army was an offensive of the White Army of the White movement led by Alexander Kolchak on the Eastern Front of the Russian Civil War, between March and April 1919.
Eastern Front counteroffensive
The Eastern Front counteroffensive was an episode of the Russian Civil War.
Alexander Kolchak
Alexander Vasilyevich Kolchak KB was an Imperial Russian admiral, military leader and polar explorer who served in the Imperial Russian Navy, who fought in the Russo-Japanese War and the First World War. During the Russian Civil War, he established an anti-communist government in Siberia—later the Provisional All-Russian Government—and was recognised as the "Supreme Leader and Commander-in-Chief of All Russian Land and Sea Forces" by the other leaders of the White movement from 1918 to 1920. His government was based in Omsk, in southwestern Siberia.
Vasily Flug
Vasily Yegorovich Flug was an Imperial Russian Army General of the Infantry. A career military officer, he served in the Boxer Rebellion, Russo-Japanese War, and World War I, before joining the White movement during the Russian Civil War. Like many other officers, he went into exile after the end of the Russian Civil War, initially moving to Yugoslavia. After World War II, Flug went to the United States, where he died.
Russian army (1919)
The Russian Army is the armed forces of the White movement, united on an all-Russian scale in 1919 under the sole formal command of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of all the armed forces of the Russian state Admiral Alexander Kolchak.


text:
Гняв () e роман на американския писател Стивън Кинг. Романът е издаден под псевдонима Ричард Бакман през 1977. Това е първият роман на Кинг, издаден под този псевдоним.

Историята разказва за момче, което убива учителката си и кара съучениците си да разкриват своите тайни.

Романи на Стивън Кинг
Книги от 1977 година

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Cacciotto, Carla and Addis, Maria Filippa and Coradduzza, Elisabetta and Carcangiu, Laura and Nuvoli, Anna Maria and Tore, Gessica and Dore, Gian Mario and Pagnozzi, Daniela and Uzzau, Sergio and Chessa, Bernardo and Pittau, Marco and Alberti, Alberto (2013) Mycoplasma agalactiaeMAG_5040 is a Mg2+-dependent, sugar-nonspecific SNase recognised by the host humoral response during natural infection. PLoS One, Vol. 8 (2), e57775. eISSN 1932-6203. Article.
In this study the enzymatic activity of Mycoplasma agalactiae MAG_5040, a magnesium-dependent nuclease homologue to the staphylococcal SNase was characterized and its antigenicity during natural infections was established. A UGA corrected version of MAG_5040, lacking the region encoding the signal peptide, was expressed in Escherichia coli as a GST fusion protein. Recombinant GST-MAG_5040 exhibits nuclease activity similar to typical sugar-nonspecific endo- and exonucleases, with DNA as the preferred substrate and optimal activity in the presence of 20 mM MgCl2 at temperatures ranging from 37 to 45uC. According to in silico analyses, the position of the gene encoding MAG_5040 is consistently located upstream an ABC transporter, in most sequenced mycoplasmas belonging to the Mycoplasma hominis group. In M. agalactiae, MAG_5040 is transcribed in a polycistronic RNA together with the ABC transporter components and with MAG_5030, which is predicted to be a sugar solute binding protein by 3D modeling and homology search. In a natural model of sheep and goats infection, anti-MAG_5040 antibodies were detected up to 9 months post infection. Taking into account its enzymatic activity, MAG_5040 could play a key role in Mycoplasma agalactiae survival into the host, contributing to host pathogenicity. The identification of MAG_5040 opens new perspectives for the development of suitable tools for the control of contagious agalactia in small ruminants.
© 2013 Cacciotto et al.


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The Finlander Forum > The Library > Obituaries > John Arnold Edwards 1924 - 2016
View Full Version : John Arnold Edwards 1924 - 2016
immortalmorpheu
Edwards, John Arnold John Arnold Edwards of Myrtle Beach South Carolina died on August 23, 2016 after a 2 year illness. Born January 31, 1924 in Brooklyn N.Y. to Finnish immigrants, John and Sophie (Westerholm) Edwards nee VViittikko, he was a graduate of Brooklyn Technical High School, the US Military Academy at West Point (class of '48) and the University of Michigan (1952). During his life he was a fighter and test pilot, NASA Director of Operations (Gemini and Skylab), Associate Administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration for R&D, Safety Planning Director for Ford Motor Company, Vice President of USAA Cardeal and Engineering Consultant for Vehicle accident and safety design. He was preceded in death by his wife Betsy Rice Edwards, 2nd wife Eunice Anderson Edwards and daughter Dr. Elizabeth Ann Edwards & survived by his son John Charles Edwards, his wife Jenny Burchett Edwards and step daughters, Elizabeth Mazart, Cynthia Masters and Kathryn Meehan. As a first generation Finnish American he was a modest, temperate and quiet man of deep intellect. For all his life he was a loving husband and father, a man of strong convictions and even deeper feelings. He maintained close friendships from childhood, military, public and private service throughout his life. Living in Myrtle Beach, for his last 25 years, he was an active member of NARFE, The Air Force Association, the Kiwanis, The Friends of the Library of North Myrtle Beach, donor to the Miracle League (Special needs) ball field and a proud member of the Order of Daedalians. Our deep gratitude goes to Dr. Trask and Dad's caregiver Erika for bringing dignity and some small quality of life to his last few years. Jenny and John Edwards would like to express that it was a great privilege to be able to care for and grow closer to such a good man. He will be missed. Viewing will be on Sunday Aug 28th from 2 to 4pm at McMillan-Small funeral home in Myrtle Beach. Interment Will be in San Antonio TX. - See more at: http://obits.mlive.com/obituaries/annarbor/obituary.aspx?n=john-arnold-edwards&pid=181207011&fhid=4143#sthash.6ELCJCIE.dpuf