text:
package javaFlacEncoder;

/**
 * Class to calculate a CRC16 checksum.
 * @author Preston Lacey
 */
public class CRC16 {
    /** For Debugging: Higher level equals more debug statements */
    public static int DEBUG_LEV = 0;

    /** CRC Divisor: 0x18005 */
    static final int divisorCRC16 = 0x18005 << 15;

    /** working checksum stored between calls to update(..) */
    protected int workingCRC16;

    /** number of valid bits stored in workingCRC16(valid bits are packed towards
     * high-order side of int) */
    protected int workingCRC16Count;

    /**
     * Constructor. Creates a CRC16 object that is ready to be used. Next step
     * would be to call updateCRC16, or getCRC16, with appropriate data.
     */
    public CRC16() {
        reset();
    }

    /**
     * Add data to the crc. Immediately creates checksum on given data. Can be
     * called multiple times as it won't finalize the checksum until the method
     * checksum() is called.
     *
     * @param inSet Array holding data to checksum.
     * @param start Index of array holding first element
     * @param end Index to stop at. Last index used will be end-1.
     * @return intermediate result of checksum to this point. This is *not* a
     * finalized result, as non-summed data must remain in workingCRC16 until
     * checksum() is called.
     */
    public short updateCRC16(byte[] inSet, int start, int end) {

        //we need at least two bytes to work on. And cache result between calls.
        //  Follow md5 style, updating many times, finalizing once.

        //Copy in saved value(starts out zero).
        //Shift value, and divisor to top end of int. When we drop below 17 in
        //  working int, "OR" it with another byte, or save and return.
        //  I won't do this, just "assume" it's already there and use instance
        //  variables.
        //While bits available is more than 16:
            //while top bit is zero, and >16 bits in buffer. Shift Left.
            //if >16 bits remain in working int, divide
            //else if 2 bytes remain, "OR" in another byte.
        //store working int, return;
        int current = start;
        int topBit = 0;
        int topMask = 1<<31;
        int shiftMask = 0x0000FF00;
        while(current < end) {//this should leave 16 bits in workingCRC16.
            topBit = workingCRC16 & topMask;
            while(workingCRC16Count > 16 && topBit == 0) {
                workingCRC16Count--;
                workingCRC16 = workingCRC16 << 1;
                topBit = workingCRC16 & topMask;
            }

            if( workingCRC16Count > 16 ) {
                workingCRC16 = workingCRC16 ^ divisorCRC16;
            }
            else {//workingCRC16Count <= 16(strictly speeking, count will == 16)
                int temp = inSet[current++];
                //temp = temp << 24;
                temp = temp << 8 & shiftMask;
                //temp = temp >>> 16;
                workingCRC16 = workingCRC16 | temp;
                workingCRC16Count+=8;
            }
        }
        return (short)(workingCRC16 >>> 16);
    }

    /**
     * Finalize the intermediate checksum, and return the value. After this is
     * called, you must call reset() before attempting a new checksum.
     * @return finalized checksum.
     */
    public short checksum() {
        //add 16 to the count,
        //call update with a byte constructed to add no more.
        byte[] fake = {0};
        workingCRC16Count += 16;
        short val = updateCRC16(fake, 0, 1);
        //short val = updateCRC16(fake, 0, 2);
        return val;
    }

    /**
     * Resets all stored data, preparing object for a new checksum.
     */
    public void reset() {
        workingCRC16 = 0;
        workingCRC16Count = 16;
    }

    /**
     * Add data to the given crc. Immediately creates checksum on given data.
     * Can be called multiple times as it won't finalize the checksum until the
     * method checksum() is called. This is a static version supplied for
     * potential speed improvement(simple tests showed this was about 15% faster
     * than the above non-static version when used in this Class's getCRC16
     * method)
     *
     * @param inSet Array holding data to checksum.
     * @param start Index of array holding first element
     * @param end Index to stop at. Last index used will be end-1.
     * @param crc16  CRC16 object to use.
     * @return intermediate result of checksum to this point. This is *not* a
     * finalized result, as non-summed data must remain in workingCRC16 until
     * checksum() is called.
     */
    public static short updateCRC16(byte[] inSet, int start, int end, CRC16 crc16) {
        //**NOTE: the static and non-static version of this function should, in
        //general, be altered together, as they share similar code

        //we need at least two bytes to work on. And cache result between calls.
        //  Follow md5 style, updating many times, finalizing once.

        //Copy in saved value(starts out zero).
        //Shift value, and divisor to top end of int. When we drop below 17 in
        //  working int, "OR" it with another byte, or save and return.
        //  I won't do this, just "assume" it's already there and use instance
        //  variables.
        //While bits available is more than 16:
            //while top bit is zero, and >16 bits in buffer. Shift Left.
            //if >16 bits remain in working int, divide
            //else if 2 bytes remain, "OR" in another byte.
        //store working int, return;
        int current = start;
        int topBit = 0;
        int topMask = 1<<31;
        int shiftMask = 0x0000FF00;
        int shiftMask2 = 0x000000FF;
        int workingCRC16 = crc16.workingCRC16;
        int workingCRC16Count = crc16.workingCRC16Count;
        while(current < end) {//this should leave 16 bits in val.
            topBit = workingCRC16 & topMask;

            while(workingCRC16Count > 16 && topBit == 0) {
                workingCRC16Count--;
                workingCRC16 = workingCRC16 << 1;
                topBit = workingCRC16 & topMask;
            }

            if( workingCRC16Count > 16 ) {
                workingCRC16 = workingCRC16 ^ divisorCRC16;
            }
            else {//workingCRC16Count < 16
                int temp = inSet[current++];
                temp = (temp << 8) & shiftMask;//must mask in case temp is negative
                workingCRC16 = workingCRC16 | temp;
                workingCRC16Count+=8;
                if(current < end) {
                    temp = inSet[current++];
                    temp = temp & shiftMask2;//must mask in case temp is negative
                    workingCRC16 = workingCRC16 | temp;
                    workingCRC16Count+=8;
                }
            }
        }
        crc16.workingCRC16 = workingCRC16;
        crc16.workingCRC16Count = workingCRC16Count;
        return (short)(workingCRC16 >>> 16);
    }

/**
     * This method is provided to conveniently calculate the CRC16 checksum of
     * all data stored by an EncodedElement. It uses static functions to allow
     * for potential speed improvements. It calls crc16.reset(), so mustn't be
     * used on a running checksum.
     *
     * @param header Element storing data to be used.
     * @param crc16 CRC16 object to use. This object's reset() method will be
     * called by this method before calculating checksum.
     * @return CRC16 result
     */
    public static short getCRC16_noninlined(EncodedElement header, CRC16 crc16) {
        if(DEBUG_LEV > 0)
            System.err.println("Frame::getCRC16 : Begin");
        crc16.reset();
        //calculate CRC16
        int offset = 0;
        EncodedElement currentEle = header;
        int currentByte = 0;
        byte[] unfullByte = {0};
        byte[] eleData = null;
        int usableBits = 0;
        int lastByte = 0;
        while(currentEle != null) {
            eleData = currentEle.getData();
            usableBits = currentEle.getUsableBits();
            currentByte = 0;
            //if offset is not zero, merge first byte with existing byte
            if(offset != 0) {
                unfullByte[0] = (byte)(unfullByte[0] | eleData[currentByte++]);
                //----updateCRC begin!!!!
                CRC16.updateCRC16(unfullByte, 0, 1, crc16);
                //crc16.updateCRC16(unfullByte, 0, 1);
            }
            //checksum all full bytes of element.
            lastByte = usableBits/8;
            CRC16.updateCRC16(eleData, currentByte, lastByte, crc16);

            //save non-full byte(if present), and set "offset" for next element.
            offset = usableBits % 8;
            if(offset != 0) {
                //System.err.println("usablebits: " + usableBits);
                unfullByte[0] = eleData[lastByte];
            }
            //update current.
            currentEle = currentEle.getNext();
        }
        if(offset > 0) {
            System.err.println("ERROR: frame was not properly bit padded");
            System.exit(0);
        }
        short crc16Val = crc16.checksum();
        if(DEBUG_LEV > 0) {
            if(DEBUG_LEV > 10)
                System.err.println("Frame::getCRC16: crc16 : "+
                        Integer.toHexString(crc16Val));
            System.err.println("Frame::getCRC16 : End");
        }
        return crc16Val;
    }

    /**
     * This method is provided to conveniently calculate the CRC16 checksum of
     * all data stored by an EncodedElement. It uses static functions to allow
     * for potential speed improvements. It calls crc16.reset(), so mustn't be
     * used on a running checksum.
     *
     * @param header Element which stores the data to checksum.
     * @param crc16 CRC16 object to use. This object's reset() method will be
     * called by this method before calculating checksum.
     * @return CRC16 result
     */
    public static short getCRC16(EncodedElement header, CRC16 crc16) {
        if(DEBUG_LEV > 0)
            System.err.println("Frame::getCRC16 : Begin");
        crc16.reset();
        //calculate CRC16
        int offset = 0;
        EncodedElement currentEle = header;
        int currentByte = 0;
        byte[] unfullByte = {0};
        byte[] eleData = null;
        int usableBits = 0;
        int lastByte = 0;
        while(currentEle != null) {
            eleData = currentEle.getData();
            usableBits = currentEle.getUsableBits();
            currentByte = 0;
            //if offset is not zero, merge first byte with existing byte
            if(offset != 0) {
                unfullByte[0] = (byte)(unfullByte[0] | eleData[currentByte++]);
                //----updateCRC begin!!!!
                //CRC16.updateCRC16(unfullByte, 0, 1, crc16);
               int end = 1;
               byte[] inSet = unfullByte;
               int current = 0;
               //int topBit = 0;
               //int topMask = 1<<31;
               int shiftMask = 0x0000FF00;
               int shiftMask2 = 0x000000FF;
               int workingCRC16 = crc16.workingCRC16;
               int workingCRC16Count = crc16.workingCRC16Count;

               boolean process = true;
               //while(workingCRC16Count > 16) {
               while(process) {
                   int max = workingCRC16Count - 16;
                   int leading = Integer.numberOfLeadingZeros(workingCRC16);
                   if(leading > max)
                      leading = max;
                   workingCRC16Count -= leading;
                   workingCRC16 = workingCRC16 << leading;
                   if(workingCRC16Count > 16) {
                       workingCRC16 = workingCRC16 ^ divisorCRC16;
                   }
                   else if(current < end) {//workingCRC16Count < 16
                      int temp = inSet[current++];
                      temp = (temp << 8) & shiftMask;//must mask in case temp is negative
                      workingCRC16 = workingCRC16 | temp;
                      workingCRC16Count+=8;
                      if(current < end) {
                          temp = inSet[current++];
                          temp = temp & shiftMask2;//must mask in case temp is negative
                          workingCRC16 = workingCRC16 | temp;
                          workingCRC16Count+=8;
                      }
                   }
                   else {
                       process = false;
                   }

               }
               crc16.workingCRC16 = workingCRC16;
               crc16.workingCRC16Count = workingCRC16Count;
                //----updateCRC end!!!!!!!!

                //crc16.updateCRC16(unfullByte, 0, 1);
            }
            //checksum all full bytes of element.
            lastByte = usableBits/8;
            //---updateCRC16 START!!!!!!!!!!
            //CRC16.updateCRC16(eleData, currentByte, lastByte, crc16);
            int end = lastByte;
            byte[] inSet = eleData;
            int current = currentByte;
            int shiftMask = 0x0000FF00;
            int shiftMask2 = 0x000000FF;
            int workingCRC16 = crc16.workingCRC16;
            int workingCRC16Count = crc16.workingCRC16Count;

            boolean process = true;
            if(workingCRC16Count <= 16) {
               if(current < end) {//workingCRC16Count < 16
                  int temp = inSet[current++];
                  temp = (temp << 8) & shiftMask;//must mask in case temp is negative
                  workingCRC16 = workingCRC16 | temp;
                  workingCRC16Count+=8;
                  if(current < end) {
                     temp = inSet[current++];
                     temp = temp & shiftMask2;//must mask in case temp is negative
                     workingCRC16 = workingCRC16 | temp;
                     workingCRC16Count+=8;
                  }
               }
               if(workingCRC16Count <= 16)
                  process = false;
            }
            while(process) {
                int max = workingCRC16Count - 16;
                int leading = Integer.numberOfLeadingZeros(workingCRC16);
                if(leading > max)
                   leading = max;
                workingCRC16Count -= leading;
                workingCRC16 = workingCRC16 << leading;

                if(workingCRC16Count > 16) {
                    workingCRC16 = workingCRC16 ^ divisorCRC16;
                }
                else if(current < end) {//workingCRC16Count < 16
                   int temp = inSet[current++];
                   temp = (temp << 8) & shiftMask;//must mask in case temp is negative
                   workingCRC16 = workingCRC16 | temp;
                   workingCRC16Count+=8;
                   if(current < end) {
                       temp = inSet[current++];
                       temp = temp & shiftMask2;//must mask in case temp is negative
                       workingCRC16 = workingCRC16 | temp;
                       workingCRC16Count+=8;
                   }
                }
                else {
                    process = false;
                }
            }
            crc16.workingCRC16 = workingCRC16;
            crc16.workingCRC16Count = workingCRC16Count;
                //----updateCRC end!!!!!!!!

            //save non-full byte(if present), and set "offset" for next element.
            offset = usableBits % 8;
            if(offset != 0) {
                //System.err.println("usablebits: " + usableBits);
                unfullByte[0] = eleData[lastByte];
            }
            //update current.
            currentEle = currentEle.getNext();
        }
        if(offset > 0) {
            System.err.println("ERROR: frame was not properly bit padded");
            System.exit(0);
        }
        short crc16Val = crc16.checksum();
        if(DEBUG_LEV > 0) {
            if(DEBUG_LEV > 10)
                System.err.println("Frame::getCRC16: crc16 : "+
                        Integer.toHexString(crc16Val));
            System.err.println("Frame::getCRC16 : End");
        }
        return crc16Val;
    }
}


text:
BREAKING: Big Pharma blood pressure drugs found laced with cancer-causing chemical; but FDA says don't stop taking them
Tuesday, June 18, 2019 by: Mike Adams
Tags: badhealth, badmedicine, Big Pharma, blood pressure, cancer, cancer causes, FDA, goodscience, medications, Prescription drugs
(Natural News) For years, we've warned that Big Pharma's business model is a "repeat business" racket that profits from sickness and disease. We also know that cancer is a multi-billion-dollar industry that generates huge profits from the repeat business of cancer "therapies" such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Now comes news that a popular blood pressure drug sold by Novartis has been found to be laced with a cancer-causing chemical known as "dimethylformamide."
"A pharmacy warned the Food and Drug Administration that it found a chemical believed to cause cancer in a widely used blood pressure medication, according to a filing from the federal agency," reports CNBC.
The drugs are part of a popular class of prescription medications the FDA has been quietly recalling after finding them to be laced with cancer-causing chemicals. Those drugs reportedly include valsartan, losartan and irbesartan.
Even more astonishingly, this chemical contamination was discovered by Valisure, an online pharmacy that operates across America. Valisure is apparently running contamination tests on the various medications it sells, and it found that valsartan, the blood pressure medication manufactured by Novartis, contains DMF (dimethylformamide), a chemical known to cause cancer.
A pharmacy that tests the products for contaminants before retailing them… shouldn't the FDA be doing this?
Here's what else is fascinating: Valisure is to pharmaceuticals what the Health Ranger Store is to nutritional supplements and superfoods. Both organizations run in-house laboratories that use mass-spec analysis to ensure the clean nature of the products being sold. Valisure says about itself, "We're the only pharmacy that chemically tests every batch of every medication we sell, at no additional cost." This is exactly what we do for superfoods at HealthRangerStore.com, too. In fact, Valisure's lab and our lab use the same instrumentation. In our case, we use ICP-MS for heavy metals tests and HPLC-MS-MS for glyphosate, AMPA, atrazine and pesticide tests. Valisure is using GC-MS, which is a gas chromatography version of mass spec analysis.
Both Valisure at our own in-house lab (CWC Labs) are ISO-17025 accredited laboratories. This is why when Valisure issues this announcement about a cancer-causing chemical in blood pressure medications, it gets my attention.
In a March 15 press release, Valisure described how it's testing medications for cancer-causing chemicals:
Valisure, the first online Analytical Pharmacy, announced it has expanded its testing capabilities to screen samples from all batches of medications it dispenses for the cancer causing contaminants N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), and N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), the chemical solvent that has been implicated in the production of these impurities.
If you take prescription medications, you might be giving yourself cancer right now
Valisure has filed documents with the FDA, requesting the agency recall the contaminated drugs. Yet right at this moment, pharmacies all across America are dispensing these drugs to patients whose doctors have told them they have a "blood pressure problem" that requires "treatment."
Is it any surprise that once you start taking prescription medications for one condition, you quickly develop another condition that also requires treatment? In this case, blood pressure drugs cause cancer. Many diabetes drugs cause liver disease, and cancer drugs promote more cancer tumors. Statin drugs cause metabolic disorders, hormone drugs cause cancer, and osteoporosis drugs actually cause skeletal disorders. In fact, repeat business is the entire business model of the pharma cartels: Not only do their drugs almost never solve the underlying condition they claim to "treat," they actually cause your body to develop entirely new health problems that require additional (high-profit) prescription medications.
This is how people end up on a dozen prescription drugs while getting worse every day with metabolic disorders, heart conditions, cancer, Alzheimer's and fatigue. The drugs are destroying their health, but that's the business model because it brings people back to their doctors to ask for more drugs. Amazingly, we now have a drug-selling pharmacy that's demanding a high level of safety for drug consumers. As CNBC reports:
Valisure asked that the medication be recalled and requested that the FDA review and significantly lower the acceptable intake of DMF from its current level of 8,800,000 nanograms to less than 1,000 nanograms. The online pharmacy said it found the cancer-causing chemical in valsartan produced by five companies.
Yes, that's five companies. The the FDA's current "allowable" exposure to this cancer-causing chemical is 8,800 times higher than what this pharmacy thinks is appropriate. That is not a trivial difference. I'll bet most people taking these drugs had no idea the FDA openly allows 8,800 times higher concentrations of cancer-causing chemicals than what might be safe.
To protect the lucrative prescription drug market, FDA spokesperson Jeremy Kahn said, "Patients should continue to take their blood pressure medication even if it is recalled until their doctor provides a replacement or alternative treatment… Abruptly discontinuing a medication is risky."
But taking a cancer-causing chemical seems risky, too, and why isn't the FDA testing drugs for contaminants anyway? For the exact same reason that the Health Ranger Store has taken on the job of the FDA when it comes to food safety testing, Valisure is doing the FDA's job in the realm of medications. We should all find this astonishing. Why has it come down to private companies doing the job the FDA is supposed to be doing?
Dirty, filthy raw materials from India and China — this is what's in your high-priced medications
Novartis doesn't even deny the fact that the chemical is present in its products, by the way. Via CNBC:
In a statement to CNBC, a spokesperson for Novartis said in general the company's manufacturing process does not use DMF but it cannot currently fully "exclude the possibility that traces of DMF (within applicable limits) may have been present in materials of other Drug Substances suppliers."
What Novartis means by "Drug Substances suppliers" is chemical supply companies in China and India, which is where most pharmaceutical raw materials come from. (Coincidentally, it's also where most synthetic vitamin chemicals come from, which is why consuming synthetic vitamins is just as toxic as taking synthetic medications.)
With a few rare exceptions, China's quality control systems are practically non-existent. This is a country where infant formula suppliers substituted melamine powder for milk powder, effectively murdering thousands of innocent babies by destroying their kidneys. China executed the CEO of that company, but only because the fiasco was too loud and made international headlines. Behind the curtain, thousands of small chemical suppliers provide synthetic molecules to the pharmaceutical industry, and quality control is so horrible on anything coming out of China that the entire country has a reputation among pharmaceutical and food manufacturers as producing the most contaminated, polluted bulk materials in the world. In fact, even organic certifiers don't trust China, and many believe that "organic" from China is a total fraud.
Contaminants are widespread in bulk materials from China and India alike, which is why we have found very few raw materials from China that can be considered safe or clean. What makes the situation even worse is that pharma companies only check the bulk material for the target molecule they think they purchased, typically using GC-MS or LC-MS. If your target molecule has a mass of, say, 186, then you run the sample and look for 186. If it's present, the material usually passes. The problem with this approach is that the bulk material may be contaminated with unknown chemicals, and if you don't know in advance to scan for those chemicals in your mass spec system, you will have no idea they are present.
Mass spec instruments have to be set up in advance to detect each specific chemical, and this requires running the instruments against chemical standards while optimizing ion fragmentation, ionization, flow rates and other factors. As an apt example, on my newest LC-MS-MS instrument, I'm currently scanning food samples for both glyphosate and AMPA (a breakdown molecule of glyphosate). In order to detect these two chemicals, I have to set the instrument to scan for two parent masses (168 for glyphosate and 110 for AMPA) in negative mode, plus two ion fragment transitions / daughter ions for each. The glyphosate daughter ions, for example, are 63 and 80. If you don't have all this information — and the proper chemical column for your GC or LC system — you won't be able to see the contaminant chemical at all, especially when it's only present in concentrations of nanograms per ml (the same as parts per billion).
Thus, pharma companies are running bulk materials all day long without seeing the chemical contaminants because they aren't looking for them. (A "don't ask / don't tell" approach to "medical science.") It's only in the rare instances when an independent company like Valisure makes a point to look for specific chemicals that the real truth becomes known.
Is Big Pharma intentionally lacing blood pressure medications with cancer chemicals?
You might think it would be impossible for a company like Novartis to fail to conduct the necessary tests to clear their products of cancer-causing chemicals. Surely Novartis has mass spec instruments in their own quality control lab, right?
Of course they do. And it is very difficult to imagine Novartis accidentally letting this chemical slip through their screening effort. So it raises the obvious question: Do Big Pharma companies deliberately lace their prescription medications with cancer-causing chemicals in order to increase repeat business?
The very question will be derided as a conspiracy theory, but what if it's just their business model? Big Tobacco used addiction to hook people on their products in order to generate repeat business. Ironically, the tobacco companies also purchased full-page ads in the Journal of the American Medical Association, touting how "Doctors recommend Camels more than any other cigarette." Is it really much of a stretch to think that pharmaceutical corporations might do almost anything to boost their profits at the expensive of their own customers' long-term health?
Remember: Healthy people don't use pharmaceuticals. Repeat business in the pharma industry depends on keeping people sick. Can you think of a better way to accomplish that than lacing your product with chemicals that promote sickness? What is drug companies have been lacing their products with disease-promoting contaminants for years?
If blood pressure medications made by Novartis and approved by the FDA are laced with cancer-causing chemicals, what other toxic chemicals might be lurking in other pharmaceuticals that are also approved by the FDA?
Truth be told, even though I don't take any medications at all, if I did, I would buy through Valisure.com just because I know they're testing for contaminants. This is the first pharmacy I actually applaud for their efforts to use good science to confirm clean products. (A "clean" pharmaceutical doesn't necessary mean it's 100% safe, of course, since the drug itself can be quite toxic depending on what it is.)
If you'd rather avoid being sick and pursue health and longevity instead, get your superfoods, food-based supplements, essential oils, organic storable foods and ultra-clean home living products through HealthRangerStore.com, where we test everything we sell at no additional cost to you. In fact, we use the same instruments as pharmacies and pharma companies. We just use them for a higher purpose.
Sources for this story include:
Valisure.com
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About the author: Mike Adams (aka the "Health Ranger") is a best selling author (#1 best selling science book on Amazon.com called "Food Forensics"), an environmental scientist, a patent holder for a cesium radioactive isotope elimination invention, a multiple award winner for outstanding journalism, a science news publisher and influential commentator on topics ranging from science and medicine to culture and politics. Follow his videos, podcasts, websites and science projects at the links below.
Mike Adams serves as the founding editor of NaturalNews.com and the lab science director of an internationally accredited (ISO 17025) analytical laboratory known as CWC Labs. There, he was awarded a Certificate of Excellence for achieving extremely high accuracy in the analysis of toxic elements in unknown water samples using ICP-MS instrumentation. Adams is also highly proficient in running liquid chromatography, ion chromatography and mass spectrometry time-of-flight analytical instrumentation. He has also achieved numerous laboratory breakthroughs in the programming of automated liquid handling robots for sample preparation and external standards prep.
The U.S. patent office has awarded Mike Adams patent NO. US 9526751 B2 for the invention of "Cesium Eliminator," a lifesaving invention that removes up to 95% of radioactive cesium from the human digestive tract. Adams has pledged to donate full patent licensing rights to any state or national government that needs to manufacture the product to save human lives in the aftermath of a nuclear accident, disaster, act of war or act of terrorism. He has also stockpiled 10,000 kg of raw material to manufacture Cesium Eliminator in a Texas warehouse, and plans to donate the finished product to help save lives in Texas when the next nuclear event occurs. No independent scientist in the world has done more research on the removal of radioactive elements from the human digestive tract.
Adams is a person of color whose ancestors include Africans and American Indians. He is of Native American heritage, which he credits as inspiring his "Health Ranger" passion for protecting life and nature against the destruction caused by chemicals, heavy metals and other forms of pollution.
Adams is the author of the world's first book that published ICP-MS heavy metals analysis results for foods, dietary supplements, pet food, spices and fast food. The book is entitled Food Forensics and is published by BenBella Books.
In his laboratory research, Adams has made numerous food safety breakthroughs such as revealing rice protein products imported from Asia to be contaminated with toxic heavy metals like lead, cadmium and tungsten. Adams was the first food science researcher to document high levels of tungsten in superfoods. He also discovered over 11 ppm lead in imported mangosteen powder, and led an industry-wide voluntary agreement to limit heavy metals in rice protein products.
In addition to his lab work, Adams is also the (non-paid) executive director of the non-profit Consumer Wellness Center (CWC), an organization that redirects 100% of its donations receipts to grant programs that teach children and women how to grow their own food or vastly improve their nutrition. Through the non-profit CWC, Adams also launched Nutrition Rescue, a program that donates essential vitamins to people in need. Click here to see some of the CWC success stories.
With a background in science and software technology, Adams is the original founder of the email newsletter technology company known as Arial Software. Using his technical experience combined with his love for natural health, Adams developed and deployed the content management system currently driving NaturalNews.com. He also engineered the high-level statistical algorithms that power SCIENCE.naturalnews.com, a massive research resource featuring over 10 million scientific studies.
Adams is well known for his incredibly popular consumer activism video blowing the lid on fake blueberries used throughout the food supply. He has also exposed "strange fibers" found in Chicken McNuggets, fake academic credentials of so-called health "gurus," dangerous "detox" products imported as battery acid and sold for oral consumption, fake acai berry scams, the California raw milk raids, the vaccine research fraud revealed by industry whistleblowers and many other topics.
Adams has also helped defend the rights of home gardeners and protect the medical freedom rights of parents. Adams is widely recognized to have made a remarkable global impact on issues like GMOs, vaccines, nutrition therapies, human consciousness.
In addition to his activism, Adams is an accomplished musician who has released over fifteen popular songs covering a variety of activism topics.
Click here to read a more detailed bio on Mike Adams, the Health Ranger, at HealthRanger.com.
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https://www.naturalnews.com/2019-06-18-big-pharma-blood-pressure-drugs-laced-with-cancer-causing-chemical-fda.html
BREAKING: Big Pharma blood pressure drugs found laced with cancer-causing chemical; but FDA says don't stop taking them

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Copper leaves the scene of a chat with young Skywalker.
"Ms. Toad" had quite a "wild ride" getting out of Spring Creek Basin yesterday afternoon – when it RAINED!
A BLM seasonal employee, a Southwest Conservation Corps intern and I were monitoring vegetation in the basin when the sprinkles started. Pretty soon, the rain sprinkles were sprinkled with ice pellets. We pulled up stakes (literally) and headed for the vehicles. A long, muddy walk later, we were soaked and slip-sliding down the road in a truck and Jeep.
A long, muddy, river-road drive later (spraying water everywhere), we were kicking up dust on the road outside the basin. Fortunately, that area got rain later in the evening.
We're pretty ecstatic still this morning. 🙂 Thanks for the rain dances. We sure needed this wonderful shower!
Do the talents of mustangs ever end – now "rain dances!":) Glad you and your companion and the mustangs got to experience that elusive phenomenon called rain…and escaped unscathed!
Not a drop on the other side of the mountain, but so great we got rain out there! I think Skywalker is moonwalking in this pic :-). And Copper–maybe he's flying to the moon? He best hightail it back to his Shadow-side or another young buck might take advantage of the situation….
RAIN, wonderful!! Young Skywalker continues to lighten up – I cannot believe how light his head has become – TJ, you said he would be a Grey – in my home office, each day I see the beautiful photo of Black Skywalker with his white blaze snuggling with Mom Raven – my Sister took it when she visited. This was our reason for coming out three years ago was to meet Skywalker, Raven and Sundance. Thank you TJ for sharing the growing up years of Skywalker.


I use this beautiful program on my HTC and LG phones as well as on my Nextbook 3 (no android market). I use it to download and install apps on my Nextbook. Works wonders.
I'd love to be able to set the title tag for the page on the devices so I can tell them apart when dealing with them in tabs. I almost always have more than one device with AirDroid connected to.


A short time ago, they were 14% higher at $0.041.
The company is buying Healthnotes, a healthcare technology company specialising in medication management, for $5.5 million, made up of 60% cash and 40% in shares.
MedAdvisor, which runs software connecting patients to their local pharmacy, says the deal brings together the two leaders in medication adherence management.
"With the integration of Healthnotes into MedAdvisor, we are able to substantially extend the connections to our platform from key stakeholders in patient health including pharmacies, GPs, and nursing homes," says CEO Robert Read.


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Iran to Shift Focus to Africa?
The identity of the new Quds boss could indicate a significant shift in Iran's terrorist strategy.
By Warren Reinsch
ATTA KENARE/AFP VIA GETTY IMAGES
From the January 2020 Watch Jerusalem Print Edition
On January 3, just hours after the assassination of Cmdr. Qassem Suleimani, Brig. Gen. Ismail Qaani was installed as the new commander of Iran's elite Quds Force.
Who is this man, and what does his appointment mean for Iran's foreign policy?
The 62-year-old Qaani was born in Mashhad, Iran's second-largest city and an important pilgrimage site for Shiite Muslims. Like Suleimani, Qaani joined the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (irgc) when he was 20 years old. Qaani has referred to himself and Suleimani as "children of war."
During the Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), Qaani served in various divisions of the irgc. In December 1982, he was appointed commander of the newly established Fifth Nasr Division, and later of the 21st Imam Reza Division. As Qaani's star rose, he developed close relations with Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.
In August 1988, as a reward for his heroic actions in the war, Qaani was appointed the new deputy commander of the irgc Ground Forces in Mashhad. Four years later, in June 1992, he managed the brutal crackdown on Kurdish protesters in the province. Qaani was made deputy commander of the Quds Force in 1997, the same year Suleimani was made commander.
Close Relations With Africa
Much of Qaani's role revolved around overseeing the distribution of funds and military shipments to Iran's proxies across the region. While the charismatic and Arabic-speaking Suleimani focused on expanding Iranian influence in Syria and Lebanon, Qaani focused on doing the same in Afghanistan and
across Africa.
Qaani traveled to Africa regularly, often with top Iranian politicians, including a November 2009 trip with then President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. According to the Jerusalem Post, Qaani "was responsible throughout the years for the distribution of funds to proxy groups such as Hezbollah and other terrorists
in Africa" (January 6).
A March 2012 U.S. Treasury Department statement said that Qaani oversaw the "financial disbursements to [Quds Force] elements, including elements in Africa." The Treasury Department held Qaani responsible for a 2010 weapons shipment—which included grenades, rockets, mortars and ammunition—bound for Gambia but intercepted in nearby Nigeria.
According to a 2012 biography by the American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, Qaani considered the Arab Spring "as continuity of 'the path of Iran's Islamic revolution.'" The Arab Spring took root throughout North Africa, causing thousands of anti-government protests to erupt across the continent, toppling regimes in Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia and Yemen.
Qaani saw the Arab Spring as an important opportunity for Iran in Africa. "[B]ased on this information … while Suleimani attends to the security concerns in western Iran, such as developments in Iraq, Syria and Lebanon," the 2012 biography concluded, "Qaani may oversee the [Quds Force] activities in … more distant countries in Africa."
Qaani's long history directing Iran's interests in Africa may suggest a shift in Tehran's future strategic emphasis. In a January interview translated by Iran analyst Will Fulton, Brig. Gen. 2nd Class Rasoul Sanaei Rad discussed Qaani's selection and what it could portend. The general noted Qaani's "close relations" with resistance groups in Africa. Fulton concluded, "More importantly, the elements of Qaani's career that the irgc and Office of the Supreme Leader choose to highlight (e.g. ties in Africa) are indicators of what might be expected from Qaani's leadership."
The day after Suleimani's assassination and Qaani's appointment, Islamist militants from the al-Shabaab terrorist group conducted their first attack against a U.S. base in Kenya, resulting in the deaths of three Americans. The attack was hastily organized and poorly executed, and was retribution for Suleimani's death.
The al-Shabaab militants are believed to have received training from Iran in Afghanistan; training likely coordinated by Qaani in his former role.
This potential shift in focus to Africa is significant not only strategically, but also prophetically.
In our November-December 2019 issue, we explained in detail the prophecy in Daniel 11:40, which describes an epic end-time clash between the "king of the south" and the "king of the north." For nearly 30 years now, Watch Jerusalem editor in chief Gerald Flurry has identified radical Islam, led by Iran, as the king of the south, and a German-led European superpower as the king of the north.
This prophecy in Daniel 11 indicates that Iran and its radical Islamist allies will "push" at Germany and Europe and provoke full-scale war. Verses 42-43 show that when Europe finally confronts Iran, it will war with the king of the south in Egypt, Libya and Ethiopia. Why these nations? Because Iran will have a strong presence there, and perhaps other North African nations.
The reference to these North African nations in this prophecy, as Mr. Flurry has explained, reveals that Iran has a "Red Sea strategy." The Red Sea is one of the world's most important trade routes. Billions of dollars' worth of oil and goods travel through it every year. Tehran knows this; and it knows that it will gain enormous leverage over America and the West if it can control this vital trade artery.
"All you need to do is get a good map of the Middle East, with the emphasis on the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea," Mr. Flurry wrote. "Then you can see why the king of the south, or radical Islam, is so interested in an alliance with or control over [Libya and Ethiopia] (as well as Egypt and Tunisia). They are on the two seas that comprise the most important trade route in the world!"
Iran already has extensive influence in North Africa. It has a firmly established position in Yemen via its Houthi proxy. Iran-backed radical Islamist groups now run rampant in Libya. The Muslim Brotherhood is strong in Egypt. Tehran's tentacles stretch as far south as Kenya.
With Ismail Qaani in charge of the powerful Quds Force, expect Iran's Red Sea strategy to become even more obvious and for Iran to become even more influential, and dangerous, across North Africa.


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Volkswagen Details 5-Passenger Atlas
Photo of Atlas Cross Sport concept courtesy of Volkswagen.
Volkswagen will produce a five-seat version of its Atlas midsize SUV called the Atlas Cross Sport that will begin production at the same assembly plant in Chattanooga, Tennessee, in 2019, according to the company.
The Atlas Cross Sport will arrive 7.5 inches shorter than its seven-passenger relative and retain the same wheelbase length (117.3 inches). It will be built on Volkswagen's MQB architecture. Volkswagen is showing a concept version at the New York International Auto Show.
The Cross Sport is powered by the 276-horsepower 3.6-liter V-6 that's fitted to the Atlas, but the concept version adds a pair of electric motors to enable plug-in hybrid drivetrain that makes 355 horsepower and provides 26 miles of all-electric range.
A conventional mild hybrid with the same powertrain would make 310 hp.
Volkswagen has been adding utility vehicles to its lineup in an effort to transform itself from a mostly car-based manufacturer in North America. The 2018 model-year brought a second longer-wheelbase Tiguan and the Atlas. In February, 54% of U.S. buyers chose one of those two vehicles, according to the company.
In addition to the Atlas Cross Sport, Volkswagen will also produce the battery-electric I.D. Crozz crossover for 2020.
Related Photos: Volkswagen's 2018 Atlas
Read more about Volkswagen Midsize SUVs Volkswagen Atlas Volkswagen Atlas Cross Sport
Mazda Offers 2020 CX-30 Fleet Incentive
Mazda has expanded its 2020 model year incentives list to include the CX-30, bringing its 2020-MY incentive program to a total of eight vehicles.
Audi Expands 2020-MY Fleet Incentives
Audi of America is increasing fleet incentives across its lineup and has introduced an incentive for its E-tron battery-electric crossover and Q8 flagship SUV, according to the company.
Nissan Prices Refreshed 2020 Rogue Sport
Nissan's refreshed 2020 Rogue Sport will retail for at least $24,335, which is $100 less than the outgoing model, Nissan has announced.
Mercedes-Benz Adds 2020 Fleet Incentives
Mercedes-Benz has rolled out fleet incentives for its 2020-model-year GLA and GLC compact SUVs to round out incentives for its 2020 SUV lineup.
Hyundai Prices 2020 Sonata, Venue
Hyundai's 2020 Sonata will increase $750 for the base model, while its new 2020 Venue subcompact SUV will retail for just over $18,000 as the automaker's new entry into a growing segment of smaller entry crossovers.
Mercedes-Benz Offers First 2020 Fleet Incentives
Mercedes-Benz has begun offering fleet incentives on vehicles in its 2020 model-year lineup, including the GLE and GLS luxury SUVs, the company has announced.
Commercial Fleet Sales Jump 17% in September
Sales of vehicles to commercial fleets surged in September even as several automakers reported sharply lower overall sales during the month.
Nissan's 2020 NV Cargo Van Starts at $31,285
Nissan's 2020 NV Cargo full-size van has gone on sale and retails for at least $31,285, which includes a $1,395 delivery fee, according to the company.
Kia Announces 2020-MY Fleet Incentives
Kia Motors America will offer dealer-based commercial fleet incentives on nine of its nameplates for the 2020 model year, according to the company.
FCA Offers 2020-MY Fleet Incentives
Fiat Chrysler Automobiles has announced fleet incentives for 18 nameplates in its 2020 lineup of Ram, Dodge, Chrysler, Jeep, Fiat, and Alfa Romeo vehicles.


What a night Tuesday, 19 June, 2018 proved to be. Derek Nash arrived at The Talking Heads in Southampton to entertain the audience of Southampton Jazz Club, and entertain us he did. I had only previously heard Derek on CD but have been fortunate enough to hear his rhythm section live in other settings. Put the two together on stage at The Talking Heads and you get one of the best live gigs I have heard in some time.
The evening started with a Geoff Gasgoyne penned tuned entitled "Keep It To Yourself" – which you really shouldn't. Derek Nash took the lead before solos from Dave Newton and then the composer himself all the while being supported by the wonderful drumming of Sebastiaan de Krom. Next was the Oscar Peterson tune "Hallelujah Time" with Derek on alto. This was a very lively tune with Dave's fingers flying over the keys, what we might expect from a Peterson tune. Derek was ducking and diving as he played, really getting into the music, and we got our first drum solo of the evening from Sebastiaan. This really was a tune to lift the spirits.
The Yellow Jackets recorded the tune "Homecoming", which this evening was led by Dave on piano with a very simple but beautiful opening melody. Derek then came in on alto sax and we were treated to a stunning jazz waltz, which I had heard on the "You Got To Dig It To Dig It, You Dig?" album but live really as something else: CDs good, live music better! We then got "Swing Thing" with Sebastiaan leading form the drum kit using brushes. The tune is aptly named with wonderful call and response playing between the drummer and each member of the band; great to listen to and watch. The set finished with the title track form the album "You Got To Dig It To Dig It, You Dig?", a phrase once uttered by Thelonious Monk. This was a great example of blues/soul groove fusion and a fitting end to a very good first set.
The second set opened with the Gerry Mulligan tune "Five Brothers". Dave Newton played melody while Derek Nash played counterpoint on the baritone sax. The band really played around with this one and looked like they were thoroughly enjoying doing so. Derek mentioned a couple of times a new album yet to be released, no album title given, and on that album will be a jazz ballad "October" featuring Derek on tenor sax. There was no showboating on this track, just wonderful sax playing and piano accompaniment. The quartet playing this evening recorded the album "Joyriding" in 2011and we heard, from that release, the New Orleans feel "Voodoo Rex", complete with Bo Diddly style hand clapping. The audience joined in with this one, though some of the hand clapping did go off beat a few times. This was party time and party we did!
Two tunes left to go. The first was the Neal Hefti number "Li' Darlin'", which opened with a Sebastiaan de Krom drum solo. A good tune played mid tempo, often slowed down by the big bands of the past. The final number of the evening was the Hank Mobley tune "Soul Station", a great jazz standard with which to finish a fantastic evening of live jazz at Southampton Jazz Club. Derek Nash is a very amiable musician and an excellent sax player and band leader. He spent time during the interval, and after the show, talking to the audience and engaged with the club on social media before and after the gig: an all round good egg I would say. Thank you Derek!


Place of Birth: Englewood, Colorado, U.S.
Logan Miller is an American actor and musician. He has starred in the films Scouts Guide to the Zombie Apocalypse and Escape Room.
Logan's paternal grandfather is Marshall Fields Miller (the son of Edward Richard Miller and Mary Elizabeth Fields). Marshall was born in Kansas. Edward was the son of Murphy Scott Miller and Pauline Mary Brecheisen.
Logan's paternal grandmother is named Sharon Kaye Ingraham. Sharon was born in Alabama.
Logan's maternal grandfather was Billy Gene Hubele (the son of Eugene George Hubele and Alberta A. Keith). Eugene was the son of William E. Hubele and Bertha Thiel. Alberta was the daughter of Chester Arthur Keith and Wilma Edith Harris.
Logan's maternal grandmother is Cholly King (the daughter of John Reid/Roberts King and Christiana Taylor). John was the son of William Edward King and Cora Linwood Maxwell. Christiana was the daughter of William Irving Taylor and Sarah Ellen Hunt.


With this scene I wanted to show another possible use of GOMap that's not GPS based.
This scene shows a car Avatar that you can move across the map using only a tap (click) gesture and a Search Bar in which you can search for places from all the world or input some coordinates in the lat,lng format.
is a Canvas in which some UI objects are placed together to make an adapting input field with a "dropdown" menu. I suggest you to take a look to the Canvas hierarchy to better understand how it's (few) components work.
The real job is done inside the GOToLocationDemo.cs component that uses the Mapbox or Mapzen (legacy) search API to reverse geocode addresses into GPS coordinates. It works like any other map search box, for example if you input "Telegraph Hill" and press GO (or enter key) the API will answer with just an address for "Telegraph Hill, San Francisco, CA, USA" and it's relative GPS position.
The component will manage to create a new tab under the search bar that will teleport to that location when clicked.
Where location.coordinates is a classic GOMap style Coordinates.cs object. You can use this line of code whenever you want to change map location by teleporting.
An important thing to say it's about how the LocationManager is set up. The "MotionMode" is set to Avatar and the "Avatar" field is linked with the GOCar Prefab.
This is a classic setup to use the position of a prefab wandering on the map instead of GPS to build the map around your character.
Basically in this way the Locationmanager will monitor the position of your character (car in this case) and accordingly destroy/build portion of map.
is a (very) simple gesture to move a car on the map by your finger. It works fine with the already known GOOrbit.cs allowing you to "steer".


Due to the overwhelming demands of ensuring the needs the person they care for are met, many caregivers find themselves having little time left to tend to their own needs. As stress increases overall physical well-being begins to fail. In times like these, professional counselors have proven beneficial.
The following article found in Caring.com provides caregivers excellent advice when seeking help in managing their stress and ensuring balance is maintained.


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A virtual tour of the Musée d'Antiquités in Algiers
The Library's Resource of the Month for November takes us to Algeria. There, we want to pay a virtual visit to the Musée des Antiquités in Algiers, or rather, to the former Musée Stéphane Gsell, during a series of events that were held between 1954 and 1958. Today, we will not just walk in the door (even if I am certain I'm not the only one who would very much like to do just that). As always in this column, we will move along the paths of the imagination, inspired by the books in the collection of the ICCROM Library.
This time we chose not just one book but a whole series of slim grey volumes packed tightly together, opening the classification XXVII A Algérie; the number 'XXVII' stands for museum catalogues.
This small collection is composed of 13 volumes of the so-called Conférences-Visites du Musée Stéphane Gsell. With their covers of grey cardboard, the 20-30 page long publications in this series were published in 1957-1958 by the Direction de l'Intérieur et des Beaux-Arts, Gouvernement Générale de l'Algérie. The authors were experts in the field of archaeology, university professors, or museum staff, such as Georges Marçais, a French expert on Islamic art and architecture at that time, or Marcel Le Glay, archaeologist and historian, as well as his colleague and friend Jean Lassus. Lassus, an expert on Christian monuments in Syria was active in the Résistance and as a result sent to the Dachau concentration camp where he ultimately survived. In 1967, he became the first director of the well-known journal Antiquités Africaines. After his death in 1990, his friend Le Glay stated in an obituary (Antiquités Africaines, Année 1991, N. 27, p. 7-9) that the two had worked together in Algiers since June 1955 "dans une atmosphère de cordiale et souriante amitié comme lui seul la savait créer d'emblée" (in an atmosphere of cordial and smiling friendship as only he knew how to create from the start).
The series can be seen as the result of a fruitful cooperation between different authors and personalities in the field of archaeology and antiquities, and also museology and heritage conservation. Each individual volume is interesting and worth reading in its own right. The topics of the individual numbers range from excursions on specific sub-collections in the museum, such as Volumes 1, 6 and 9, which Marcel Leglay dedicates respectively to eastern religions, and ancient sculpture and portraiture, or 4, 10 and 11, in which Jean Lassus writes about the art of the mosaic, reliquaries and parts of the museum's sculpture collection.
L'art de la tente, p. 15, Fig. 5 "Gfal, pl. Gfalat" and surrounding text.
We also owe perhaps three of the most interesting volumes to L. Golvin: 5, which deals with Islamic ceramics in the museum's collection, 8, on North African textile art in the Stephan Gsell Museum, and volume 12 on "L'Art de la tente", printed in 1957-58. Golvin, at that time professor at the Faculté des Lettres d'Alger, analyses here the tents of the nomads, their typologies and their construction (Ill. 1), going into great detail. The text is illustrated with drawings of particularities in construction, and to document accurately some of the components and materials, Golvin uses the terms in the language of the nomads (Ill. 2). At the end of the essay, the author dedicates some paragraphs to the intangible heritage of the nomads, their music and dance, which play an important role in their daily lives.
In this essay, we can clearly read the author's enthusiasm between the lines, not only for the complex art of the tent constructions, but above all, for the people who inhabited them. In my personal view, Golvin clearly understood the strong connection between place and heritage, without explicitly mentioning it, but simply by dedicating his studies to the places and homes where – only 70 ago – these nomad families lived their lives and celebrated their culture.
Regrettably, our journey ends here, but we invite you to embark on many more by visiting us in the library ... in person or virtually!
For any further information, please write us at library@iccrom.org.
L'art de la tente, p. 9, Fig 1, "Les formes et les couleurs"
Previous Resources of the Month


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Destination: Austria
Austria is a landlocked continental European state situated in the north-central part of the continent.
In the country people speak the German language, as a consequence of its Austro-Hungarian roots. Austria was first an empire, then an independent republic and, for a short period of time, a direct dependence of Nazi Germany; it regained its independence after World War II.
The country boasts beautiful and unspoiled landscapes, mountains, lakes and well-equipped walking and cycling routes. Basically, a holiday in Austria is perfect at any time of the year.
In Roman and medieval times, Austria was not a single territorial unit. In the 13th century, however, Austria became the heart of power of the Habsburgs, the imperial dynasty that, for over four and a half centuries, ruled first the Holy Roman Empire (from the 15th to the 19th century) and then the empire of Austria (from 1815 to 1918). Therefore, the Habsburgs firmly maintained their dominion over the region until the early twentieth century. The history of Austria is closely linked to the events of the Habsburg Empire. In the 16th and 17th centuries, Austria was one of the main bulwarks of the Catholic Counter-Reformation and also one of the most important bastions against the expansionism of the Ottoman Turks in Europe who, in 1683, reached the gates of Vienna but were rejected.
In the 18th century, with Maria Theresa and then with Joseph II, the empire was absolutist but reforming, giving life to one of the most significant experiences of enlightened despotism. After the French Revolution and the Napoleonic age (which put an end to the Holy Roman Empire in 1806 and from which the Austrian Empire was born in 1815), Austria, led by Chancellor Metternich, became one of the major protagonists of the Restoration in Europe. Various nationalities belonged to the empire, primarily Italians and Hungarians; however, any hope of emancipation was silenced and no liberal and constitutional reforms were implemented. Consequently Austria was hit by the revolutions of 1848, to which it responded with a ruthless repression. Defeated by France and Piedmont in 1859, and by Prussia and Italy in 1866, it lost its Italian provinces and any residual hegemony over the Germanic world.
Leading a fragile and multinational empire, Austria became more and more closely tied to Germany, with which it was allied in the First World War (1914-18). The defeat in the war marked the end of the Austrian empire and the birth of the Austrian Republic. In 1938 it was annexed to Nazi Germany and suffered tremendous devastation during the Second World War (1939-45). Austria was under the occupation regime of the victorious powers for over a decade and then, throughout the second half of the twentieth century, it was essentially governed by two political forces: the popular-Catholic party and the socialist party. In 1995, Austria joined the European Union.
The Austrian territory is largely mountainous with some less harsh, hilly and flat areas, to the east and north (where the Danube river flows). The Grossglockner (3,798 m.) is the highest peak in the country; however, there are numerous massifs over 3,000 meters high. Austria is very rich in lakes and rivers, most of the waters end in the Danube (350 km the Austrian stretch, total lenght 2.858 km), the second European river; the other main rivers are the Mur, the Inn, the Drava 261 Km (Austrian stretch, total 749 Km), the Enns and Salzach. Lake Neusiedl is the largest in the country, it has no emissaries and an average surface area of 285 km², with an average depth of only 1 meter and a maximum depth of 1.80 meters. A portion of 60 km² of Lake Constance is also Austrian; Attersee and Traunsee are the largest lakes, entirely in Austrian territory.
The climate of Austria is partly oceanic (in western Austria), with milder temperatures, and partly continental, with extremely hot and cold winters. During the hottest days the thermometer can reach 30 ° C. April and October are very cool months. In autumn, starting from October, mists and fogs are frequent. The intermediate seasons in Austria are less rainy than summer. In any case, the climate varies a lot according to the altitude and the local orography; on the hills, the climate is obviously alpine, characterized by heavy snow and cold temperatures in winter and cool temperatures in summer.
The cuisine of Austria is influenced by the different cultures that have inhabited its territories. With Sudtirol, Austria shares the passion for Knodel, gnocchi in both savory and sweet versions, that can be served with many different variations. In Austria, meat dishes are more common: let's think about the famous Viennese cutlet or wienerschniztel or at the zwiebelrostbraten, a beef steak with onions with a decidedly intense flavor. In addition, the beuschel, a dish based on veal offal, which in ancient times was the dish of poor people. Desserts deserve a separate mention, especially those based on chocolate, and especially the Sachertorte, the emblem of the Austrian confectionery industry. We also mention the delicious Biedermeier cake, Linz cake and topfenpalatschinken.
Austria is rich in art cities, unspoiled landscapes and genuine flavors.
There is so much to see, starting with its capital, Vienna, which has linked its charm to its role, the center of the Habsburg Empire for over 5 centuries. Vienna is a very interesting city from several points of view. It owes its charm to the Danube River that flows through it, to the many imperial palaces, including the Hofburg and Schönbrunn Palace.
Let's move to the Alps and discover a real gem: Innsbruck impresses with its Tyrolean charm and its truly unique and spectacular mountain chain: the Nordkette!
And, what about Salzburg … there are many reasons to visit it: from the baroque architecture of its historic center, declared a World Heritage Site, to the works of art preserved in its museums, to the extraordinary cultural and musical proposal.
Austria includes Carinthia, also known as the region of a thousand lakes. The big ones are about forty, but they are all beautiful and evocative in every season. One of the things to do absolutely in Austria is to cycle along one of the many cycle paths. Some are even rated with five stars for the quality of their services. Many are in Carinthia and the most famous is the Drava cycle path, a cycle path that joins three European countries: Austria, Slovenia and Italy. Over 366 kilometers long, 222 of which in Carinthia, this cycle path runs from Dobbiaco to Maribor in Slovenia.
Finally, Austria is a paradise for hikers. We mention the famous trekking Zillertaler Runde, along the Alte Vie di Berlin (Berliner Hohenweg), one of the most famous trekking routes in Tyrol and all of Austria.
Our Tours in Austria


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Q: Five child elements take up 100% of the container's width each has margin I'm relatively new with responsive design and I'm struggling with the below issue.
I am creating a search/filter bar that needs to have five filters per row with 1% margins on the edges and 2% margins in between.  I thought this would be easy; if I make the width of the filter 18% and give each one a 1% left and right margin, that would be 20% × 5 = 100%.  Unfortunately, this is causing the fifth filter to go to the next line.
Example:  https://jsfiddle.net/L3sd5qLo/

.search-bar {
  width: 100%;
  background-color: #aaa;
}
.search-bar__filter {
  margin: 0 1%;
  width: 18%;
}
<div class="search-bar">
  <select id="filter1" class="search-bar__filter">
    <option>Option 1</option>
    <option>Option 2</option>
    <option>Option 3</option>
  </select>
  <select id="filter2" class="search-bar__filter">
    <option>Option 1</option>
    <option>Option 2</option>
    <option>Option 3</option>
  </select>
  <select id="filter3" class="search-bar__filter">
    <option>Option 1</option>
    <option>Option 2</option>
    <option>Option 3</option>
  </select>
  <select id="filter4" class="search-bar__filter">
    <option>Option 1</option>
    <option>Option 2</option>
    <option>Option 3</option>
  </select>
  <select id="filter5" class="search-bar__filter">
    <option>Option 1</option>
    <option>Option 2</option>
    <option>Option 3</option>
  </select>
  <select id="filter6" class="search-bar__filter">
    <option>Option 1</option>
    <option>Option 2</option>
    <option>Option 3</option>
  </select>
</div>

EDIT I wanted to show that the sixth item should go to a new line, having the first five child items taking up 100% of the lines width.

A: The easiest way is to add float left to .search-bar__filter:
.search-bar__filter {
 margin: 0 1%;
 width: 18%;
 float:left;
}

A: This problem is much easier to solve using flex. It's supported by all modern browsers—older browsers can be supported by using prefixes or polyfills.
.search-bar {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: space-between;
  width: 100%;
  background-color: #aaa;
}

.search-bar__filter {
  flex: 0 auto;
  flex: space-between;
  min-width: x;
}

References

*

*Flex: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/flex

*Caniuse: http://caniuse.com/#feat=flexbox

*Poly fill: https://github.com/jonathantneal/flexibility

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Qwest Communications International Inc. is the first company to cross over from the General Services Administration's local telephone service program to its long-distance program.
The move came as a modification to the Denver company's Metropolitan Area Acquisition contract for Boise, Idaho. Qwest now can offer Web hosting nationwide to users of GSA's FTS 2001 program.
The company, which also holds MAA contracts for Albuquerque, N.M., Denver and Minneapolis, has long wanted into the FTS 2001 market held by Sprint Corp. and WorldCom Inc., said James F.X. Payne, Qwest's senior vice president for government markets.
Since telecom deregulation began, GSA has planned to offer agencies competitive, end-to-end local and long-distance service. MAA contracts for local service are now in place in 24 cities. GSA can approve contract modifications for three types of crossover: an MAA contractor entering another MAA market, an FTS 2001 contractor entering a MAA market, or an MAA contractor entering the long-distance market. Qwest's is the first crossover from MAA to FTS 2001.
Modification is not competitive; contractors submit proposed prices, and GSA negotiates terms of service. There are no revenue guarantees or value estimates for a crossover modification.
Once the crossover policy had been established, negotiating the modification with GSA took about six weeks, Payne said. Although Qwest could have offered the basic services specified in the FTS 2001 contracts or enhanced them, it opted instead for what GSA has called emerging service'a category with fewer requirements.
'Because you're the first, you get to define the landscape,' Payne said. Qwest will continue to focus on emerging services in additional contract modifications.
After Sept. 11, Payne said, many agencies re-examined their preparedness and decided they needed more than single lines to data centers or single points of operation for critical functions.


By a popular demand, we have just published a tutorial on how to load the data table into Orange. Besides its own .tab format, Orange can load any tab or comma delimited data set. The details are though in writing header rows that tell Orange about the type and domain of each attribute. The tutorial is a step-by-step description on how to do this and how to transfer the data from popular spreadsheet programs like Excel.
1. I am trying to load a couple .csv files using the FILE widget. The .csv's are about 700,000 KB apiece. I can't seem to load them. I can open the files with MS/Excel and truncate them to about 100,000 KB, and then can load them. My question is does Orange Data Miner have any file size limitation? Or could the problem be with limited resources on my PC? My PC has 4 GB RAM.
– provide a real data input FILE that I want to be scored by that algorithm.
Any help or suggestions you could give me would be greatly appreciated…Bill!


text:
AC130U Gunship targeting system deliveries completed by Lockheed Martin
ORLANDO, Fla., 16 2011. Officials at Lockheed Martin [NYSE: LMT] provided the final AN/AAQ-39 targeting system to officials of the U.S. Air Force. Air Force Special Operations Command AC-130U Gunships are the primary users of the Q-39 systems. The system improves on the Gunship Multispectral Sensor System (GMS2) by featuring a new solid-state, three-color laser designator and software enhancements for improving system performance and reliability. It shares a large-aperture, midwave infrared sensor, two image-intensified television cameras and a near-infrared laser pointer with the GMS2.
Posted by John McHaleORLANDO, Fla., 16 2011. Officials at Lockheed Martin [NYSE: LMT] provided the final AN/AAQ-39 targeting system to officials of the U.S. Air Force. Air Force Special Operations Command AC-130U Gunships are the primary users of the Q-39 systems. The system improves on the Gunship Multispectral Sensor System (GMS2) by featuring a new solid-state, three-color laser designator and software enhancements for improving system performance and reliability. It shares a large-aperture, midwave infrared sensor, two image-intensified television cameras and a near-infrared laser pointer with the GMS2.All of those components are housed in a highly stabilized.
Zero-knowledge proofs in trusted computing cryptography
More in Communications
Navy eyes new low-band component of aircraft jammer pod
Defense Executive
Raytheon stock dips; market second thoughts on UTC merger
Raytheon to provide shipboard MK 49 missile launchers
L3 Harris: communications, sensors, trusted computing


In the United States, the Republican Party declared on the 1st September 2012 its opposition to any lifting of the ban of online poker.
In the United States, in its political program, the Republican Party has indicated that it considered inadequate the decision of the Department of Justice adopted in December 2011, according to that the prohibition of poker does not apply when this game was played on line. Indeed, the Republican Party said that this game can be pathological, because it can destroy the players and their families. As such, the distorted interpretation that the previous administration that made of the Wire Act should be canceled for that to be restored, according to it, the outright prohibition of online poker. This program must be compared, in contrast with the court decision, which comes instead to ask that poker can be freely organized, because it is not even a gambling game.


The M'goo Project create music from true-life stories by fusing music, short film and contemporary dance. U.S.A hip-hop star Frank Ocean's brave "Coming Out" letter is the theme for their newest music story "Lets Fly To The Moon". This reaches out to anybody who is in the process of finding strength for the person they want to be and with the gay rights issues in Russia today, it has never been more pertinent.
A stunning video with real meaning. Take a moment to watch and share.
Previous articleFWD360.com Wreck Sessions Blog Remix 2.


The first chapter of this dissertation analyzes the necessary and sufficient conditions for stability under recurring structural changes. Using a finite state Markov process to model stochastically evolving, state-dependent parameters I find that by employing the conditions unique to mean-square stability, the minimum state variable (MSV) solution, found in non-linear models of this reduced form, is also stable in the learning sense. However, the choice of parameter values limits the robustness of this result. Furthermore, to illustrate this outcome I develop empirical results for a model similar to Cagan's 1956 work on hyperinflation for Germany and the United States. I find that during the time of active currency market intervention, monetary policy was not mean-square stable for both the U.S. and Germany.
In the second chapter, I analyze if economic agents could have learned the policy decisions of the Plaza and Louvre accords. New techniques in Markov switching Adaptive Learning models (MSAL), shows that economic agents would not have learned the rational expectations outcomes of exchange rate interventions and therefore contributed to exchange rate overshooting and excess volatility during this time. These finding help to explain why forecasts of short-term exchange rates have historically been poor while long-run forecasts do much better at matching the data.
The third chapter analyzes empirical data from the forward exchange rate premium to interpret the puzzle, made famous by Fama, using Markov Switching Adaptive Learning (MSAL) techniques. This chapter addresses the need for using Mean-Square Stability as the criterion for stability rather than traditional stability conditions. Moreover this chapter observes the possibility for a self-referential solution to occur under specific conditions similar to what is found empirically. Furthermore, this chapter is able to replicate the results typically found during the analysis using a Markov-switching constant gain model, indicating that economic agents may posses some form of bounded rationality or information asymmetry which produces the observed bias. A central tenant of this chapter is that agents facing a regime which tend to produce the forward premium bias present in most empirical applications even in the face of highly persistent fundamentals.
Reed, Jason Robert, "Essays In Adaptive Learning And Mean-Square Stability In Regime Switching Models" (2015). Wayne State University Dissertations. 1363.


text:
At least one dead, dozens injured as Typhoon Nanmadol slams Japan
Typhoon Nanmadol brought ferocious winds and record rainfall to western Japan on Monday as one of the biggest storms to hit the country in years killed at least one person, disrupted transport and forced some manufacturers to suspend operations.
Prime Minister Fumio Kishida delayed his departure to New York, where he is due to deliver a speech at the U.N. General Assembly, until Tuesday to monitor the impact of the storm, local media reported.
"We need to remain highly vigilant for heavy rains, gales, high waves and storm surges," a Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) official told a news conference.
Japan's 14th typhoon of the season made landfall near Kagoshima city late on Sunday before battering the western island of Kyushu and then roaring onto the main island of Honshu on Monday morning.
A river in Kyushu's Miyazaki prefecture overflowed, flooding fields and roads, footage from state broadcaster NHK showed. Other video showed a riverside house half hanging over a torrent, the tin roof ripped off a gas station, and a toppled billboard leaning over a street from the top of a building.
NHK said one man was found dead inside his car, which was found submerged to the rooftop in the middle of a field.
Another man was found unconscious in an area hit by landslides.
At least 82 people have been injured, NHK said.
About 340,000 households, most of them in Kyushu, were without electricity early on Monday, the trade ministry said, while Kyushu Railway Co, said it had halted operations on Kyushu and Japan Airline Co Ltd and ANA Holdings cancelled about 800 flights, public broadcaster NHK reported.
The storm was centred off the coast north of Shimane prefecture in western Honshu as of 0700 GMT and was heading northeast at about 35 km per hour (22 miles per hour), the JMA said.
The storm would track the coast to the north of Honshu into Tuesday before crossing overland and moving northeast out into the Pacific, the agency projected.
Up to 400 mm (15.75 inches) of rain was expected in central Japan's Tokai region, the nation's industrial heartland, over the next 24 hours, it said.
Toyota Motor Corp was among manufacturers that said they would idle production at some factories due to the storm, but there were no reports of major damage to industry.
Intermittent bouts of heavy rain lashed Tokyo but businesses in the capital were largely operating as normal.
Most schools were closed on Monday anyway for a public holiday.
September 19, 2022 SledgeAsia, GlobalFumio Kishida, Global typhoon occurrences, Recent typhoon occurrences, Recent typhoons, Typhoon Nanmadol
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Children pray regularly during the school day. All classes pray two times a day, within Collective Worship and before lunch. All children are learning our recently written School Prayer.
We have a prayer tree within the school hall where children are invited to write a prayer of their choice. These are then used within our assembly times. Our School Prayer is on display in the Hall, in classrooms and in the Headteacher's office. On arrival at school visitors are greeted by our school values and mission statement, as interpreted by the children, staff, parents, governors and local church community. Within our school garden we have a memory tree for children to spend time with an adult of their choice designing a memory for a loved one and then displaying it on the tree, a reflective space.


The Lab LA is Mixmag and WAV's weekly reside stream and post-work unwind, powered by Void Acoustics, the place we showcase the best DJs direct from our downtown Los Angeles workplace. This Friday, we welcome Kyle Watson and J. Worra for a particular double header Lab LA!
South Africa's Kyle Watson has taken the world by storm along with his infectious spin on jacking home and techno. Supported by high names like Chris Lake, Pleasurekraft, Oliver Heldens and extra, Kyle's originals may be discovered on main labels like This Ain't Bristol, Dirtybird, Rising Music and extra. His debut album 'Into The Morning' launched in August of this 12 months, marking his arrival as a expertise that may't be ignored. He makes his debut in The Lab LA on Friday!
J. Worra is a Los Angeles-based, Illinois native who has gone towards the grain to share her highly effective and irresistibly enjoyable tackle bumping home music. She first discovered her inspiration out on the dancefloor in Chicago, constructing her profession up organically by way of onerous work and dedication. Now, she resides in Los Angeles, increase her discography whereas making her means by way of the pageant circuit at occasions like Lightning in a Bottle, Dirtybird Campout and extra. She's a part of Mixmag and WAV's Magnified program and joins us in The Lab LA this week.
To acquire entry to The Lab LA, patrons should be signed as much as WAV. All you must do is go to wav.mixmag.internet to obtain the app. We'll see you on the dancefloor!
to Mixmag TV and observe Mixmag on Facebook to observe Kyle Watson and J. Worra in The Lab LA on Friday at 7PM PST.
On WAV, followers can uncover new artists and observe their journeys by way of unique content material, interactive reside streams and behind-the-scenes clips. Aside from being an artist discovery hub, WAV is a producer of high quality unique sequence and live-streamed content material. Download WAV within the iTunes and Android app shops now.


I'm guessing this blog won't return to the days of July 2008 when you wrote 29 posts out of 31 days. But I'm rooting for something between that and the number you wrote last month.
I'm right there with you Warren. The inspiration just hasn't been there for me lately.
For your own pleasure, and because I am feeling like the lone goof blogger.


text:
Z-критерій - це будь-який статистичний критерій для якого розподіл значень статистики тесту при нульовій гіпотезі приблизно відповідає нормальному розподілу.

Приклад
Нехай в якійсь області результати ЗНО мають середнє значення 100 балів, а стандартне відхилення - 12 балів. Нас цікавлять бали 55 учнів школи які отримали середній бал 96. Нас цікавить чи це середнє значно нижче ніж середнє по області, тобто чи школярі цієї школи вписуються у випадкову вибірку з регіону, чи їхні бали незвичайно низькі?

Спершу обчислимо стандартну похибку середнього:

де  - стандартне відхилення.

Тепер обчислимо , яка є відстанню між середнім вибірки і загальним середнім в одиницях стандартної похибки:

В цьому прикладі, ми вважаємо що загальне середнє і загальна дисперсія відомі, що було б правильно якби всі студенти області пройшли тест. Якщо статистики всієї області невідомі, краще використати t-критерій.

Середній бал класу - 96, що на −2.47 стандартних похибок менше за середнє області 100. Якщо подивитись це значення z-оцінки в таблиці стандартного нормального розподілу, ми з'ясуємо, що ймовірність отримати стандартне нормальне значення менше за −2.47 приблизно дорівнює 0.5 − 0.4932 = 0.0068. Це одностороннє p-значення для нульової гіпотези, що 55 студентів порівнянні з простою випадковою вибіркою з набору всіх тих хто проходили тест. Двостороннє p-значення приблизно дорівнює 0.014 (вдвічі більше за одностороннє).

Виражаючи це в інший спосіб, з ймовірністю 1 − 0.014 = 0.986, проста випадкова вибірка з 55 студентів буде мати середній бал тесту в межах 4 одиниць від середнього сукупності. Ми також можем сказати що з ймовірністю 98.6% ми відкидаємо нульову гіпотезу що 55 учасників тесту порівняні з простою випадковою вибіркою з сукупності учасників тесту.

Результат Z-тесту говорить нам що 55 студентів до яких ми застосували цей тест мають незвичайно низький середній бал у порівнянні з більшістю простих випадкових вибірок з сукупності учасників тесту.

Статистичні критерії
Нормальний розподіл

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Dean Witter Reynolds, Inc. : e-Net, Inc.
Dean Witter Reynolds, Inc. : e-Net, Inc. Securities Litigation
The Complaint, filed in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida, alleges that Defendants manipulated, by means of deceptive acts, practices and contrivances, the market price of e-Net stock with the intent, purpose and effect of creating and maintaining artificially high market prices. The Complaint further alleges that Defendants accomplished the manipulation by engaging in unauthorized trading in the accounts of certain Dean Witter customers in order to stabilize the price of e-Net, creating and promoting a plan to withhold stock from short sellers to effect a 'short squeeze' and by making false statements to discourage clients from selling e-Net.
On January 23, 2003, the defendant Dean Witter Reynolds filed a motion to dismiss complaint for failure to state a cause of action. On March 17, 2003, the Court entered the Order denying the motion to dismiss, and on March 31, 2003, the Court entered the Amended Order denying the motion to dismiss. On May 22, 2003, a notice of interlocutory appeal was filed by Dean Witter Reynolds, Inc. in the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals. On July 5, 2005, the Court entered the Order from the U.S. Court of Appeals as to the notice of interlocutory appeal. According to the Order, the district court's order denying Dean Witter's motion to dismiss is vacated and remanded for reconsideration in accordance with the Eleventh Circuit's analytical directions for the limited purpose of determining the date that the plaintiff class had sufficient factual information of their financial loses being the result of fraudulent conduct by Dean Witter to constitute inquiry notice to enable the class-action complaint to be filed in this case.
According to a press release dated July 30, 2007, an appeals court has marked the fifth anniversary of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act by dismissing a securities fraud case against brokers Dean Witter Reynolds Inc., ruling the class action could not be revived even by today's more generous statute of limitations. In its decision published Friday, the Eleventh Circuit overturned a Florida district court's ruling and ordered the class action remanded back for dismissal, saying plaintiffs in the case had ample time in which to sue the firm before the 2002 Act. The circuit judges ruled that the amended statute of limitations under provisions of Sarbanes-Oxley did not save the class action from being fatally time-barred; the plaintiffs, they said, had been on notice since a newspaper report warned investors of a possible fraud as early as September 1998.
Defendant: e-Net, Inc.
Ticker Symbol: EENT
E. Paul Roberts, et al. v. Dean Witter Reynolds, Inc., et al.
COURT: M.D. Florida
JUDGE: Hon. Richard A. Lazzara
Finkelstein, Thompson & Loughran
The Alpert Law Firm
1 Securities Class Action Complaint for Violation of the Federal Securities Laws - Jury Trial Demanded 11/15/2002
1 Opinion From the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit 06/01/2005
2 From the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit 07/27/2007
3 U.S. Court of Appeals Docket for the Eleventh Circuit. 07/27/2007


– For companies planning to delist from the stock exchanges, Sebi has allowed promoters to make a counteroffer to shareholders.
– Shapoorji Pallonji Group is planning to raise around $1 billion by selling around 30% stake in its solar engineering arm to reduce debt.
– Acting on a complaint by Singapore's PSA International, Competition Commission of India has ordered a probe into alleged anti-competitive practices by Denmark's A.P. Moller-Maersk and Dubai's DP World at the terminals they operate at the Mumba container port.
– SoftBank may hire Sumer Juneja, currently a partner with Norwest Ventures, as its India head. SoftBank Group has invested in companies like Ola, Flipkart and Paytm.
– Crystal Crop Protection, a specialty chemicals company, shall be acquiring Tilt, Proclaim and Blue Copper brands of Syngenta India, all of which are leaders in their respective industries. The acquisition will enhance Crystal Crop's penetration in wheat, pulses, rice, cotton, vegetable and grapes markets in India.
– The board of RBI has decided to extend the timeline for full implementation of Basel III norms for bank capital by a year, a move which will free up around Rs.3.7 trillion for potential lending.
– DeTect, Chennai-based robotics startup, has raised $3.3 million from SAIF Partners and others in a series A round of funding. The funds will be used to hire more people and expand in UK and Europe. DeTect has two major products; Gumps, a sensor that detects leakages and corrosion in oil or gas pipelines, and Noctua, an industrial drone that inspects large-volume assets like boilers and stacks.
– CropIn Technology Solutions has raised $8 million in a Series B round of funding from Chiratae Ventures and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Strategic Investment Fund. CropIn provides SaaS-based services for agri-businesses. The firm had earlier raised $4 million.
– KKR backed Radiant Life Care is said to be in talks to take over operations and management of Mumbai's Jaslok Hospital. It had previously made an unsuccessful bid for Fortis Healthcare.
– SBICAP Ventures has announced the launch of two funds focussed on affordable housing and SMEs. It plans to raise ₹400 crore for the SME fund and ₹350 crore for the affordable housing fund.
– Supreme Court has asked Amrapali Group to reveal details of all its properties in the name of directors, their family members, relatives, CFO and statutory auditors in India and abroad by 3rd December.
– Gurpratap Boparai, MD of Skoda Auto, will also head the domestic subsidiary of Volkswagen AG, with effect from January 2019.


text:
Coprinopsis nivea is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Psathyrellaceae. It is commonly known as the snowy inkcap.

Taxonomy
It was first described in 1801 by the German mycologist Christiaan Hendrik Persoon who classified it as Agaricus niveus.

In 1838 it was reclassified as Coprinus niveus by the Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries.

In 2001 phylogentic analysis restructured the Coprinus genus and it was reclassified as Coprinopsis nivea by the mycologists Scott Alan Redhead, Rytas J. Vilgalys & Jean-Marc Moncalvo.

Description
Coprinopsis nivea is a small inkcap mushroom which grows in wetland environments.

Cap: 1.5–3 cm. Starts egg shaped expanding to become campanulate (bell shaped). Covered in white powdery fragments of the veil when young. Gills: Start white before turning grey and ultimately black and deliquescing (dissolving into an ink-like black substance). Crowded and adnate or free. Stem: 3–9 cm long and 4-7mm in diameter. White with a very slightly bulbous base which may present with white tufts similar to that of the cap. Spore print: Black. Spores: Flattened ellipsoid and smooth with a germ pore. 15-19 x 8.5-10.5 μm. Taste: Indistinct. Smell: Indistinct.

Etymology
The specific epithet nivea (originally niveus) is Latin for snowy or snow covered. This is a reference to the powdery white appearance of this mushroom.

Habitat and distribution
Grows in small trooping or tufting groups on old dung, especially that of cows and horses, Summer through late Autumn. Widespread and recorded quite regularly.

Similar species

 Coprinopsis pseudonivea.

References

Psathyrellaceae
Coprinopsis


Ah, New Year's Day. The day we celebrate the end of one year and the hopeful new beginnings of the next. It's the time of year where we make resolutions to do things we didn't do the year before and when we reflect on all the things we've truly accomplished.
I'm primarily a Transformers fan, so obviously my list will be biased towards the franchise. You know, budgets and adulting and all, so a collector must stay (at least a little) focused. So, without further delay here's my top 5 figures of 2017.
Downbeat brought the beat. When I was a child, Jazz was one of the coolest G1 characters. He spoke with a hip accent, reminding me of the Soul and Jazz musicians I listened to with my older family. He was a fast car, a smooth talker, and even managed to bust a move occasionally. Plus, he was voiced by Scatman himself. What's not to love?
Coming back into the fandom, I was introduced to the IDW comics. IDW took the Transformers franchise and expanded it greatly! Great, in-depth stories, fresh takes on background stories, and most of all, new characters! Chief among them for me was Megatron's team of ruthless Internal Affairs enforcers, the DJD. This group of psychopaths was led by the devilish and twisted Tarn. A sociopathic control freak with a penchant for talking victims to death, he was the evil the Decepticons needed. Hidden behind his Decepticon symbol mask was the true mind of a killer. Sinister and dangerous, he was even too much for Megatron to control.
I'll admit, I was late to the Beast Wars game. I was a G1 kid, and Beast Wars came out as I was graduating high school. I was far more interested in racing motorcycles, skateboarding, and picking up girls. It wasn't until my son started showing an interest in the line that I came back, and boy, am I glad I did! The early CGI animation was a little campy, but for the time I'd say it was well done! What caught me was the story. Beast Wars had a very solid writing team, which resulted in a very tight and integrated bit of fiction. The characters had strong personalities, and it was darker and grittier than G1. Plus, beast modes were cool. I had seen animal based designs in the TF world before, but they were always just styled to look like machine versions of those beasts. These guys were full on organic animals! The more I watch this show, the more I like it. It's edged G1 out of my second-place slot of favorite show, with TF Prime currently sitting at #1.
Trypticon holds a special place in my heart. It was my first G1 titan and one that my grandmother purchased for me. She and I spent many, many hours playing with Transformers when I was a kid, and Trypticon was always our centerpiece. He was big, chunky, and so much fun! My grandmother was one of the most important people in my life. She more or less raised me, and she is responsible for a lot of who I am today. Unfortunately, she passed away just before Christmas 2016 at the age of 95, so when I managed to score this big guy on release at my local Toys R Us, I was overrun with memories and emotions. I won't lie, I had a few tears in my eyes when I opened him up, remembering the same day I opened my original one with her at the kitchen table. The feels, man, the feels! TR Trypticon is a reminder to me why I'm in this hobby.
I've bought some stunning figures this year. I've bought more expensive figures, more detailed figures, and more highly revered ones, but my number 1 spot goes to this chunky little weirdo. I've always found Cosmos to be a silly character in G1. He's a UFO, he's fat, and he's a bit of a comedian. There is nothing about "robot in disguise" with this dude. As a kid, I had the original minibot toy, and he practically lived in my pocket. I took him everywhere! I picked up XTB Klaatu on a recommendation from the ROCfather himself and a few others. It was a close, near coin toss moment between XTB and the MMC offering. I'm very glad I chose Klaatu! He's chunky and hefty, and I can't stop flipping him back and forth between modes. He lives on my desk, always within reach. Sure, he won't fit in my pocket anymore, but he's the most fun figure I've purchased in a long time.
2017 was full of greatness. So many honorable mentions! I did spend a lot of the year buying backlog figures (I started collecting far later than most), and I'm switching from CHUG scale to MP/3rd Party. Toyworld Seaspray was hard not to put on the top 5 as was Badcube Huff 2.0. The Titans Return line gave us some cool renditions of Topspin and Twintwist that will be great until a 3rd party company does MP scale versions. There are also several figures I missed due to budget that I will pick up in 2018 if I can find them. Perfect Effect Beast Gorira, KFC Apeface and Snapdragon (I forget the KFC names), XTB Eligos and Andras, just to name a few. 2018 is looking to give us a proper Arcee from Fans Toys, some Aerialbot goodness from Zeta Toys, and of course, Takara Masterpiece Dinobot. Needless to say, I'll be looking for as much overtime as I can get this year!
Happy New Year to my ROC family, and I look forward to 2018 with you all!


text:
require 'rubygems/test_case'
require 'rubygems/source'

class TestGemSourceInstalled < Gem::TestCase

  def test_spaceship
    a1 = quick_gem 'a', '1'
    util_build_gem a1

    remote    = Gem::Source.new @gem_repo
    specific  = Gem::Source::SpecificFile.new a1.cache_file
    installed = Gem::Source::Installed.new
    local     = Gem::Source::Local.new

    assert_equal( 0, installed.<=>(installed), 'installed <=> installed')

    assert_equal(-1, remote.   <=>(installed), 'remote    <=> installed')
    assert_equal( 1, installed.<=>(remote),    'installed <=> remote')

    assert_equal( 1, installed.<=>(local),     'installed <=> local')
    assert_equal(-1, local.    <=>(installed), 'local     <=> installed')

    assert_equal(-1, specific. <=>(installed), 'specific  <=> installed')
    assert_equal( 1, installed.<=>(specific),  'installed <=> specific')
  end

end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub