What did I take away from hearing the Dalai Lama speak at Western Connecticut State University in October, 2012? I first should mention that the theme of his talk centered on the factors that are involved in moving away from anxiety and moving toward a happier life. I feel drawn to attend lectures which span a broad range of disciplines and ideas. On an individual and professional level, I am curious about diverse experiences and mindsets. I truly enjoy gathering different perspectives and then integrating them into my own life, sharing them professionally with my clients in my private practice, and in presentations in front of groups.
The afternoon of the lecture was exquisite day weather wise and the crisp, fall colors were exceptionally vibrant as a result of the cloudless sky. I attended with my husband and teenage daughter, and we three had the sense that we were going to see someone elusive, someone important, and someone who had tremendous compassion for others. I have attended many conferences and never before was there such a palpable energy prior to a lecture's beginning. From my perspective, the lecture hall was literally buzzing.
After an introduction by Richard Gere and soulful chanting by monks, the Dalai Lama took the stage. He was accompanied by his interpreter who did a fine job of filling in the blanks when there were words that eluded him. The Dalai Lama oozed humanity, what I mean by that is that he was the essence of humility while also being filled with laughter and smiles for all.
I took as many notes as I could while he spoke, my pen jotted furiously to capture things which caught my attention. One of those things was that people today remain more isolated, and that most of the problems we are facing today are connected to our own behavior, and is a result of how we view ourselves in terms of our differences instead of our commonality. Another point which struck me is his statement that, "… all hope through prayer is not realistic, and that all prayer should lead to action, "… and that real peace does not come through prayer alone". I was both surprised and pleased by this and it really struck a chord within me. As a therapist and fellow human being, action is something that makes sense to me, small steps that slowly progress one forward are my comfort zone. This reminds me of the saying, "slow and steady wins the race". In this case, winning would be having compassion for oneself and others, and through this compassion one would reap the benefits of lower anxiety and depression and a deeper acceptance of oneself.
I felt electrified toward the end when he said, "Buddha taught different philosophical views that were contradictory at times, and that this was not due to his own confusion; this modeled the different views that exist in society". I thought this paired nicely with the varying models of psychology and philosophy, while also touching on basic principles of communication. I thought of how I often hear clients and people in my own personal life discuss communication breakdowns that have occurred in a negative way with someone; what would it be like if we all viewed such conflict as engagement? Engagement that occurs daily and not as a result of a defect in yourself or others. Having differences with others would then be expected and then the ancillary anger and cognitive shut-downs would occur less frequently. Another unexpected part was when he answered a question with, "I don't know". Well, that just put it all into perspective for me. How humble he remains, it was so powerful to witness that.
Lastly, I wanted to touch on his statement surround "… knowing the limitations of material values". Being happy is based on a felt sense of well being, where you feel you are enjoying your life (for the most part); and this is not based on how much or little you possess but an unending belief that you are loved and that you love. Strengthening one's mind to develop deep inner confidence shifts that locus of control from the external to the internal; this is what we mean when we say, "healthy self-image". The Dalai Lama was so at ease in front of a crowd at capacity, it was as if he was just sitting across from us. A gift to see someone so comfortable in his own skin, with a glint in his eye when he shares his thoughts with the world.


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The Westralian Worker was a newspaper established in Kalgoorlie, Western Australia in 1900 and published until its demise in 1951 in Perth, Western Australia.

History
It was established as the Official organ of the Western Australian Labor Party — with the subtitle of "A journal devoted to the interest of trade unionism, co-operation and labour in politics".

In April 1912 it was moved to Perth and was published by the Westralian Worker Printing and Publishing Company.  The company also published union books and pamphlets as well as the Westralian Worker.  It was also known as the People's Printing and Publishing Company.

The newspaper attempted to balance views between conscriptionists and anti-conscriptionists in World War I, but eventually became a mouthpiece for the anti-conscriptionists.

The editorial policy included tackling perceived biases of other Western Australian newspapers.

The newspaper was based in Holman House.

Notable editors
Thomas Bath (1901-1902)
Wallace Nelson (1902-1903)
Julian Stuart (1903)
John Curtin (1917-1928)
Fred Gates (1928-1937)

Publishing details
 Vol. 1, no. 1 (7 Sept. 1900)-no. 2219 (Friday, 22 June 1951)

Notes

External links

Publications established in 1900
Newspapers published in Perth, Western Australia
Defunct newspapers published in Western Australia
1900 establishments in Australia
Publications disestablished in 1951
1951 disestablishments in Australia
Newspapers on Trove
Newspapers published in Goldfields-Esperance

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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A world of fascinating…train stations?
Kid Free Travel October 19, 2013 July 31, 2014 Travel Essentials No Comments
I know, I know…when you think of train stations "fascinating" probably isn't the word that comes to mind. If you happened to check out CNN's site today they agree that there are some AMAZING train stations in the world. To check out there list go HERE.
I have to say that I never thought of a train station as being spectacular or fascinating until I went to Grand Central Station a few years ago. It sounds cliche, but I was amazed when I finally saw the station in person. The architecture, the amazing ceiling, the light streaming in from the windows…it all added to a surreal almost old world effect that was gorgeous.
image via Mike_fleming (flickr)
Grand Central Terminal (aka Grand Central Station) is located in the heart of New York City at 89 East 42nd Street at Park Avenue. Grand Central Depot, as it was named in its original form, was opened in 1871 and served three main rail lines in the city. The station has undergone several rebuilds over its history and the most recent incarnation turned 100 years old just this year.
I was reading up on Grand Central Terminal today and the history surrounding something that most think is rather mundane, a train station, is quite fascinating. Some of the fun facts about the station:
With its official opening at 12:01am on Sunday, February 2, 1913 Grand Central Terminal welcomed over 150,000 visitor on that first day
The terminal has 44 platforms and 67 tracks
The stars painted on the terminal ceiling are oddly painted backwards, some think this is because it was painted as being from God's point of view.
There was so much tar from nicotine smoke that it took cleaners over a year to remove all of the grime
It was the first all-electric station (when the original station opened in 1871 it serviced steam locomotives)
The clock in the main concourse has an opal face that is valued at over $10 million.
There is a secret sub-basement known as M42 under the terminal which does not appear in maps
Travel and Leisure magazine recently named Grand Central Station as #6 in a list of the World's Most -Visited Tourist Attractions, with an astounding 21.6 million annual visitors.
The Oyster Bar is the oldest restaurant in the terminal and opened with it in 1913
I'd love to take a tour of the station at some point and get the details on more of the history of the station.
Of the train stations you have visited in your travels, which have been the most memorable? Share your favs in the comment section below!
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Read the Document That Condemned a Woman to Death in the Salem Witch Trials
An original, extremely rare document from one of the Salem witch trials in 1692 just went up for auction at Christie's in New York
Sarah Pruitt
"I was taken very ill again all over & felt a great pricking in ye soles of my feet, and after a while I saw apparently the shape of Margret Scott, who, as I was sitting in a chair by ye fire pulled me with ye chair, down backward to ye ground, and tormented and pinched me very much." So swore Mary Daniel, the teenager whose deposition was submitted on September 15, 1692 to the court in Salem, Massachusetts, during the infamous witch trials of that year.
The rare original manuscript of Daniel's statement against accused witch Margaret Scott went up for auction at Christie's in New York on June 15, 2017, and was quickly snapped up in the auction's opening minutes for $137,500, setting a new record price for any Salem-related document or artifact. Before the sale, Christie's had estimated the deposition would go for between $50,000 and $80,000.
The deposition of Mary Daniel against Margaret Scott, auctioned by Christie's in June 2017. (Credit: The Eric C. Caren Collection Catalogue/Christie's)
The 77-year-old Scott was the only person from the town of Rawley, Massachusetts, to face charges of witchcraft during the Salem witch trials, which gripped the Massachusetts colony starting in the spring of 1692. One of 19 men and women executed, her case is much less well known than some of the other accused witches, largely due to the fact that so few documents relating to her trial have survived to the present day.
"The fact that we only have nine documents in her case is really remarkable," said Margo Burns, a historian specializing in the Salem witch trials.
Speaking before the auction, Burns said she wouldn't be surprised if the deposition caused more excitement on the auction block than even the original indictment, which sold for $31,200 back in 2012. "The indictments are interesting because that shows exactly what the charges were that she was tried on," Burns told HISTORY. "The depositions are far more interesting because you start hearing actual voices of the people accusing her."
According to Mark Rice, writing for the University of Virginia's Salem Witch Trials Documentary Archive, the combined documents from Margaret Scott's trial suggest her neighbors had pegged her as a possible witch for nearly 20 years. Like other women accused of witchcraft, she was a poor, elderly widow who had been reduced to begging, and a longtime outsider in the community. Several of Scott's children had also died very young, which was true of many accused female witches.
Though not much is known of her accuser Mary Daniel, she may have worked as a servant to Rowley's minister at the time, Reverend Edward Payson. Among the other witnesses who testified against Scott were Frances Wicom, the 17-year-old daughter of a prominent leader in the Rowley community, and Sarah Coleman, who accused Scott of torturing her by "pricking, pinching and choaking of me." Frances' father, Captain Daniel Wicom, appeared as Scott's chief accuser, claiming the widow cast a spell that immobilized his oxen, making it impossible to harvest his field.
Painting depicting the Salem witch trials. (Credit: Pictorial Press/Alamy Stock Images)
On September 22, a week after the court heard Daniel's deposition, Scott was hanged on Salem's Gallows Hill, along with seven other accused witches. It would be the last day of executions that year, as public opinion had begun to turn against the trials, which would end for good in 1693.
Burns, who was the associate editor of 2009 book "Records of the Salem Witch-Hunt," told HISTORY that of the nine original documents to have surfaced from Scott's trial, two are in the Essex County Court Archive (housed at the Peabody-Essex Museum), and four were discovered at the Boston Public Library in 2012. The original of one court document, transcribed by Thomas Gage in an 1840 history of Rowley, has yet to surface.
According to Burns, the two remaining documents—Daniel's deposition and the original indictment against Scott—had been circulating among private collectors until they were both purchased by the Eric C. Caren Collection in the 1980s. The deposition was among over 100 items from the Caren Collection in the Christie's auction; a second Salem-related item, an advertisement for Cotton Mather's account of the trials published in The Athenian Mercury in December 1692-January 1693, went for $1,375.
Here's the full text of the Mary Daniel deposition, courtesy Christie's:
I was taken very ill again all over & felt a great pricking in ye soles of my feet, and after a while I saw apparently the shape of Margret Scott, who, as I was sitting in a chair by ye fire pulled me with ye chair, down backward to ye ground, and tormented and pinched me very much, and I saw her go away at ye door, in which fit I was dumb and so continued till ye next morning, finding a great load and heaviness upon my tongue …
There appeared to me the shape of some woman, who seemed to look and speak most fiercely and angrily, and beat, pinch'd and afflicted me very sorely telling me I should not have said so, or told such things & to yt purpose … In some of ye fits yt I had afterwards, I was senseless and knew not yt I saw who it was yt afflicted me. In one fitt (upon ye beginning it) I thought I saw Goodw Jackson, and widow Scott come walking into the chamber with yr staves, one of ym came & sat upon me so yt I could not stir … In another fitt I saw ye appearance of sd Scott in ye room who afflicted me, and being speechless, I continued so, untill I went to ye sd Scott, who taking me by ye hand, I had ye liberty of speech again as formerly. The last fitt I had was upon ye last Sabbth day, in which I saw ye shapes of four women or five, of whom widow Scott was one, ye rest I knew not, nor knew yt any did hurt me, unless sd widow Scott.
5 Notable Women Hanged in the Salem Witch Trials
Beyond Salem: 6 Lesser-Known Witch Trials
Women Weren't the Only Victims of the Salem Witch Trials
Were witches burned at the stake during the Salem Witch Trials?
Before Salem, the First American Witch Hunt
7 Bizarre Witch Trial Tests


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Latest in 24: Legacy
Lee Daniels EP'd 'The Spook Who Sat By The Door' Names '24: Legacy' Producer To Develop For FX
EXCLUSIVE: The final season of Empire debuts tonight on Fox, but co-creator Lee Daniels is planning for the post-Lyons future with a new version of a seminal satire and thriller for FX. Having optioned Sam Greenlee's spy novel The Spook Who Sat By The Door in the summer of 2018 for a potential TV series, Lee Daniel's…
By Dominic Patten
CAA Signs '24' And 'BlacKkKlansman' Star Corey Hawkins
EXCLUSIVE: CAA just signed Corey Hawkins, who starred in Fox's 24: Legacy after a breakout turn as Dr Dre in Straight Outta Compton. Hawkins made the move from ICM Partners after starring as civil rights leader Stokley Carmichael in BlacKkKlansman, the Spike Lee-directed film that just won the Grand Prix at Cannes and…
Circle Of Confusion Signs '24: Legacy' & 'House Of Lies' Director-EP Stephen Hopkins
Emmy winner Stephen Hopkins has inked with Circle of Confusion. The multihyphenate most recently directed and exec produced Fox's 24: Legacy and Showtime's House of Lies and also directed and produced the 2016 Jesse Owens biopic Race for Focus Features. The filmmaker's next project is producing Against All Enemies,…
'24: Legacy' Canceled By Fox After One Season, '24' Franchise May Continue
We have seen the last 24: Legacy but maybe not the last of the 24 franchise. Fox has opted not to renew the latest installment in the 24 franchise for a second season. Meanwhile, the network, producing studio 20th TV and producers Howard Gordon and Brian Grazer are exploring a potential new, more anthological/event…
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Only rarely do Broadway plays and musicals, analogs of entertainment in a digital world, break into the larger culture as they once did. In 1990, however, John Guare's Six Degrees of Separation broke through. Capturing a particularly delicious moment of anxiety among the privileged denizens of Manhattan's Upper East…
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There will be no more 24: Legacy or Prison Break on Fox in the immediate future, execs announced today, though there may be a chance of escape to another revival eventually for the latter. There are "no plans rights now" for more of the Wentworth Miller– and Dominic Purcell-led Prison Break after its latest event…
'24 Legacy' Finale Ratings Even, 'Dancing With The Stars' Up With Disney Night
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One week into Season 24 of Dancing With the Stars (1.7/6) and the ABC competition series already had a hard elimination last night and a ratings fall as rival The Voice (2.3/8) held steady. Although it was the most watched show of the night with 10.98 million viewers, DWTS went down 24% among adults 18-49 on Monday…
'Dancing With The Stars' Ratings Return Up, CBS Comedies & 'Taken' Hit Lows
There were certainly awkward moments and some less than smooth moves, but with Olympic champion Simone Biles, the legendary Charo, Nancy Kerrigan, just-engaged Bachelor Nick Viall and Mr. T among the celebs, the latest season opener of Dancing With The Stars (2.0/7) had a sure step last night. Now, the two-hour DWTS…
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So this summer's vacation has been canceled because of work, or there is no trip to a tropical paradise planned this year, or maybe the weather is just really blah. Well, no matter what's in store for you this season, you shouldn't have to pass up on a healthy-looking tan! Here are a few tips to get your skin glowing without sun exposure.
The market is flooded with great sunless tanning products. Their benefits are plenty: no sunburns, no sun damage, and no premature aging!
Sunless tanning products come in a many different varieties as well as skin color shades. For example there are lotions and creams, the benefit of which comes by way of the ease of application. Another bonus is that it's easy to spot where you have applied the cream or not, where spray products might make it more difficult to see and missed spots.
A sunless tanning spray must often be evened out, which can make them a bit messier. Some women find the application process is simpler overall. Try out different products to get a feel for what works best for you.
You can also now buy sunless tanning wipes — a personal favorite of some of the SheKnows editors. Why? They leave your hands clean and are very practical to carry along in your purse!
The best way to apply the cream is to put a small amount on your palm and work from the feet up. Shift from the left to the right side as you are working your way up. The back can be tricky if your hands are not super extended; the easiest solution is to ask someone for help.
Try to go easy on the elbows and knees. You won't want to reapply the self-tanner here as much; the skin is thicker on these areas and the tan might end up looking a lot darker than the rest of your body.
Nowadays, most self-tanning products don't leave any stains on your clothes. Still, give it at least a few minutes before putting your clothes on to make sure the cream or spray has dried properly. Some experts say you should wait up to 30 minutes, but again, it depends on the particular type of sunless tanner you're using and how cautious you want to be.
Of course this varies from product to product, but normally a sunless tan should last for at least 3-4 days. For the best and longest-lasting results, a good idea is to reapply every other or third day.
It's also good to remember that a lot of sun tanning creams do not contain sun protection. So if you are heading out into the sun, make sure to use some sunscreen too.


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Join the Organising for Power Programme and you get not just high quality training but months of continued support with your campaigns for racial justice!
Are you involved in a social justice organisation with a high turnover of organisers? Want to consider how to make your organising more accessible and sustainable?
If so the "Organising for Power Programme" may be just for you!
To strengthen the movement against racism, xenophobia and the erosion of migrants' rights in Scotland.
"Organising for Power" is a comprehensive programme which aims to strengthen movements against racism and xenophobia and for migrants' rights in Scotland. Organising and campaigning for racial justice and for migrants rights can be very daunting with the number of challenges groups in these movements face. After listening to grassroots organisers and collectives like you, we understand the various vicious cycles that keep groups from strengthening their organisations and voice – for example, precarious circumstances surrounding organisers' lives mean it is hard to focus on strategic actions, a lack of rights, a lack of resources for organisations and a lack of knowledge about the legal system all burden organisers leading to fear, burn-out and hurt. We have also seen over several years of supporting such groups, that group process and decision making and campaign planning are often challenging.
Through Organising for Power we want to support you and your groups to work through some of these challenges, to share what works well, and to learn together. This programme will support you to develop your skills as organisers, to support your groups to grow, to increase participation, and to share responsibilities. Organising for Power will support you to develop campaign plans you can actually implement back with your own groups. We will support you to strategise and plan campaigns which have an impact, shift power relations and dismantle oppressive systems.
This will mainly be done through three high quality residential training weekends that will include modules on a variety of topics (see below) prioritised by groups we have met and listened to. In addition, the programme will include coaching with Tripod staff members, mentoring with other experienced campaigners and peer-to-peer support for campaign implementation, so that you can review your impact and make changes to your campaign plans accordingly. This will make the programme a living process, adaptive to the contexts you work in for maximum impact. We also envision creating a community of practice among organisers working in this area, where you can share experiences and skills and potentially collaborate with one another in future endeavours.
From September 2018 to March 2019, roughly around once a month of either face to face meetings, phone calls or on-line interaction.
Skills and tools for improving organisational processes including facilitation of decision-making and effective workload distribution.
Group building and developing sustainable group cultures which support active involvement from community members.
Skills for facilitating one-to-ones and supporting others to take a more active role in your organisations and campaigns.
Understanding power and how to effectively shift the balance of power in your favour.
Components of an effective campaign plan including choosing issues, defining aims, matching resources and skills within the group to tasks, identifying allies and building relationships, choosing targets and tactics, creating timelines, reviewing and adapting for increased impact.
Supporting disempowered groups and people in crisis.
Legal literacy and understanding of rights as refugees, asylum seekers and migrants.
How to access and apply for funding for campaign groups.
How to ensure personal and organisational sustainability, considering wellbeing and burnout.
You won't find us simply standing at the front of a training, telling you how to do things or what the answers are for we believe in experiential education and know that learning by doing has a strong, long-lasting impact. We centre what people know best: themselves and their own experiences. Organising for Power will include a diverse mix of activities, balancing heart (emotions and intuition), hands (practical experiences) and head (theory and analytical thinking). We will create spaces for you to develop your social change work and learn from each other. Organising for Power is designed to help maximize your learning experience which will empower you to find solutions that will work for you in your specific contexts.
Organisers or campaigners tackling the root causes of xenophobia and racism and promoting the rights of refugees and other migrants in Scotland.
Anyone involved with any groups fighting for these issues, who would like to learn how to organise their communities and/or campaign for systemic change.
This programme is free to participate but with very limited space. We will be prioritising organisers with lived experience of racism, xenophobia and immigration. As this programme will be run from June 2018 to March 2019, participants will need to commit to participate in the activities during the whole period. Creche services will be available at the residential trainings for those with children, just let us know in advance.
We would encourage 2-3 people from one organisation or group to come, but you would need to apply individually to be considered. To apply please fill out the application form here by 27 May 2018 or contact o4p@tripodtraining.org with any questions.


Frisco, Texas, April 17, 2018—ATX Networks today announced enhancements to its global sales and marketing team with the appointment of seasoned executives, including Ben Newell as Chief Strategy and Business Development Officer, John Ryan as Chief Sales Officer, Jeff Liening as Senior Vice President of North America Sales and Kim Lee as Executive Vice President of Marketing. These additions to the company's senior ranks represent steps ATX is taking to fuel aggressive growth plans across a variety of market sectors and align with the company's new vision and strategy to shape the future of media delivery.
Ben Newell, Chief Strategy and Business Development Officer. Since joining ATX in 2000, Newell has acquired extensive technical knowledge and developed valuable relationships within the cable television industry – influencing ATX's direction and strategy, fostering strategic customer and OEM partnerships, and leading to multiple acquisitions over the past decade. Today's appointment is a culmination of Newell's deep understanding of ATX's product suite, his proven leadership abilities and his demonstrated success facilitating long-term business relationships. Newell will be working closely with the CEO to accelerate and execute the company's vision and strategy while pursuing new partnerships and a variety of growth initiatives.
John Ryan, Chief Sales Officer. With 32 years of sales and customer support experience and a history of developing successful, dynamic sales organizations and delivering results, Ryan joins ATX as its global sales leader. Throughout his career, Ryan has been a growth-focused leader recognized for fostering strong client partnerships centered on innovation and expectations. As Chief Sales Officer, Ryan is tasked with expanding the reach of the company's optical access and media distribution portfolio through ATX's global sales and services resources. Prior to joining ATX, Ryan served as Vice President of Americas Sales with GENBAND, now Ribbon Communications, where he was instrumental in the growth of the company's IP infrastructure and enterprise software solutions.
Jeff Liening, Senior Vice President of North America Sales. Liening brings to ATX more than 27 years of customer-facing sales experience from the communications service provider and media & entertainment business sectors. Liening will lead the company's largest region, developing new business opportunities and delivering solutions customized to customer needs. Prior to joining ATX, Liening led North America Sales and Services for Imagine Communications, where he was instrumental in the growth of next-generation ad management, networking and media access solutions with multichannel video programming distributors (MVPDs), and satellite and media broadcasters. Liening has held a variety of sales leadership roles with GENBAND, Sycamore Networks, Lucent Technologies, Ascend Communications and Cascade Communications. He began his career with the U.S. Department of Defense (US Air Force).
Kim Lee, Executive Vice President of Marketing. A marketing and communications leader for more than 25 years, Lee is recognized for enabling growth and transforming global brands for IT, telecommunications and media broadcasting companies through high-impact messaging and customer-focused marketing programs. In this role, Lee is responsible for implementing global marketing strategies that will elevate the company's brand and build stronger connections between ATX and its customers, partners and employees. Lee brings deep technical understanding to the role, having worked in the advanced wireless, optical, IP and signaling technology fields. Prior to joining ATX, Lee led the extensive corporate re-brand of Harris Broadcast, launching two new brand identities – Imagine Communications and GatesAir – and held strategic leadership positions with GENBAND, Santera Systems and Ericsson.
ATX is a technology leader of optical and media access platforms, connecting smart devices to intelligent networks. With more than 7 million products deployed in 75 countries, ATX solutions deliver 2,500 terabytes of mission-critical content every second of every day for the world's most admired cable, satellite, fixed telecom, wireless and media broadcast service providers. ATX has development and support facilities in Ontario, California, Texas, Florida, Germany, and Taiwan. For further information, visit ATX at www.atxnetworks.com.


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Maciej Kreczmer (* 4. April 1981 in Rajcza) ist ein polnischer  Skilangläufer.

Werdegang
Kreczmer startet seit 2000 im Skilanglauf-Weltcup, bei dem er vorwiegend Platzierungen im Mittelfeld belegt. Sein erstes Weltcuprennen lief er im Dezember 2000 in Brusson, welches er mit dem 78. Platz im Sprint beendete. Im Dezember 2002 holte er in Cogne mit dem 21. Platz im Sprint seine ersten Weltcuppunkte. Bei den nordischen Skiweltmeisterschaften 2003 im Val di Fiemme belegte er den 61. Platz über 15 km klassisch und den 36. Rang im Sprint. Seine bisher beste Platzierung bei einem Weltcuprennen erreichte er im Februar 2004 in Trondheim und im März 2007 in Stockholm mit dem zehnten Platz im Sprint. Seine besten Platzierungen bei den nordischen Skiweltmeisterschaften 2005 in Oberstdorf waren der 17. Platz im Sprint und der 13. Rang im Teamsprint. Bei den Olympischen Winterspielen 2006 in Pragelato kam er auf den 33. Platz im Sprint und den siebten Rang im Teamsprint. Seine besten Platzierungen bei den nordischen Skiweltmeisterschaften 2007 in Sapporo waren der 28. Platz im Sprint und der fünfte Rang zusammen mit Janusz Krężelok im Teamsprint. Bei den nordischen Skiweltmeisterschaften 2009 in Liberec erreichte er den 50. Platz im Sprint, den 40. Rang über 15 km klassisch und den 14. Platz im Teamsprint. Seine besten Resultate bei den Olympischen Winterspielen 2010 in Vancouver waren der 25. Platz im Sprint und der 12. Rang im Teamsprint. Bei der Tour de Ski 2010/11 erreichte er den 31. Rang in der Gesamtwertung. Bei den nordischen Skiweltmeisterschaften 2011 in Oslo belegte er den 55. Platz über 15 km klassisch, den 49. Platz im Sprint und den 18. Rang im Teamsprint. Die Tour de Ski 2012/13 beendete er auf dem 51. Platz. Seine besten Resultate bei den nordischen Skiweltmeisterschaften 2013 im Val di Fiemme waren der 32. Platz im Sprint und der 12. Rang im Teamsprint. Seine besten Ergebnisse bei den Olympischen Winterspielen 2014 in Sotschi waren der 29. Rang über 15 km klassisch und der 15. Platz mit der Staffel und im Teamsprint. Im August 2014 siegte er zum dritten Mal in Folge beim Merino Muster über 42 km Freistil. Bei den nordischen Skiweltmeisterschaften 2015 in Falun waren der 37. Platz im Sprint und der achte Rang im Teamsprint seine besten Ergebnisse.

Platzierungen im Weltcup

Weltcup-Statistik

Weltcup-Gesamtplatzierungen

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Skilangläufer (Polen)
Olympiateilnehmer (Polen)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 2006
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 2010
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 2014
Universiadeteilnehmer (Polen)
Teilnehmer der Winter-Universiade 2005
Teilnehmer der Winter-Universiade 2007
Polnischer Meister (Skilanglauf)
Pole
Geboren 1981
Mann


Where are the traffic wardens?
Illegal parking has been going on for years, and will carry on into the future.
However, I would like to point out an issue I have spotted over the past months. A caravan has been parked at the top of Havers Hill at Eastfield for at least six months and the tax disc ran out in February 2015.


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Author Richard Ford offers his observations and insight on the impact of Hurricane Katrina on New Orleans, his former hometown.
September 2005 September 2000 September 2000 July 1997 July 1997 May 1996 May 1996 June 1995 June 1995
Cokie Roberts; Richard Ford; Morgan Freeman
Entertainment, Politics, Society
Cokie Roberts on Hurricane Katrina; Richard Ford on Katrina aftermath; Morgan Freeman in "An Unfinished Life." 53:06
Wynton Marsalis talks about Hurricane Katrina and its affect on his family and his hometown New Orleans. 19:26
Rebuilding the Gulf Coast; Karen...
World, Politics, Books, Society, Religion
Rebuilding the Gulf Coast; Karen Armstrong's book, "The Great Transformation"; Walter Isaacson remembers George Crile. 51:31
David Remnick
Politics, Media
Editor of The New Yorker, David Remnick, reports on George W. Bush's political failings in Hurricane Katrina and Iraq. 26:19
Hurricane Katrina Panel
Politics, Society
New Orleans natives share what they experienced during Hurricane Katrina. 25:38


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Working on the script for 'a lady Singham': Rohit Shetty
The director said that in the recent wake of women empowerment and gender equality, he has been working on a fitting script.
Team Indulge Published : 11th April 2018 04:13 PM | Published : | 11th April 2018 04:13 PM
Rohit Shetty
Filmmaker Rohit Shetty, who is the maker of hit franchise and Ajay Devgn-starrer 'Singham' says he is working on a script for a 'lady Singham'.
The director and producer who launched an animation series called 'Little Singham' in Mumbai on Tuesday said that in the recent wake of women empowerment and gender equality, he has been working on a fitting script. The movie which is yet being worked out will be centred around a female cop, unlike earlier.
Rohit Shetty has primarily worked with Ajay Devgn, but is currently working on 'Simmba' with Ranveer Singh and Sara Ali Khan. The director has, however, confirmed that he will continue working with Ajay as they have two franchises 'Golmaal' and 'Singham' and are yet exploring the plots.
Rohit Shetty's 'Simmba' is another cop movie in which Ranveer Singh will be playing the lead. Notably, the movie has also been co-produced by Karan Johar.
Karan Johar Ajay Devgn Rohit Shetty Singham


A mismatch blessed by heaven… If your husband does not share your faith, you may feel like you are walking a tightrope of spiritual survival — guarding the flame of your belief in Christ, yet unable to share it with the person you love most in the world. But your spiritually mismatched marriage can be a vibrant, blessed relationship where you're free to grow in love with God and your man!
Winning Him Without Words, written by Lynn Donovan and Dineen Miller, both Christian women married to unbelieving husbands, is your invitation to thrive instead of survive.
In addition, Lynn and Dineen share prayers and Scripture verses that have brought comfort, healing and hope to friends in their online community, spirituallyunequalmarriage.com. You are not alone! God desires to bless your marriage and grow your faith . . . in other words, He wants you to thrive.
This Community Connection group is led by Janie Sims and meets Sunday mornings at 8:30am. To join this group, sign-up here or contact Janie for more information.


Does someone have the model number of the front and rear shocks for the RR ELKA shock what make and model of motorcycle .
They are made by Elka especialy for T-rex. Elka don t sell them, you have to get them through a dealer.
All shocks are custom built and you can get them in any finish - black, chrome, or a combination of both. You can go from a street shock all the way up to a competion racing shock.
These shocks are as good as Penske shocks but 1/2 the price. One of the things I really like about my shocks is it has a beefer piston. My choice of shock was a "sporty" shock. Love playing in the mountains.
Thank ya, thank ya . . .


3:1 Do you see (idete) of what fashion (potapēn) the (ho) Father (patēr) has given (dedōken) love (agapēn) to us (hēmin), in order that (hina) we may be called aloud (klēthōmen) ones born (tekna) of God (theou)?
And (kai) we are (esmen)!
Through (dia) this (touto) the (ho) cosmos (kosmos) absolutely does not know (ou ginōskei) us (hēmas), because (hoti) it absolutely did not know (ouk egnō) him (auton)!
3:2 Beloved ones (agapētoi), now (nun) we are (esmen) ones born (tekna) of God (theou).
And (kai) absolutely not yet (oupō) was it manifested (ephanerōthē) what (ti) we shall cause ourselves to be (esometha)!
3:3 And (kai) everyone (pas), the one (ho) holding (echōn) the (tēn) hope (elpida) [of] this (tautēn) over (ep') [the sake, AE] of him (autō), he himself (heauton) is innocent (hagnizei) down according to as (kathōs) that one (ekeinos) is (estin) innocent (hagnos).
and (kai) the (hē) lawlessness (anomian) is (estin) the (hē) sin (hamartia).
3:5 And (kai) you have seen (oidate) that (hoti) that one (ekeinos) was manifested (ephanerōthē) in order that (hina) he may lift (arē) the (tas) sins (hamartias).
And (kai) there is (estin) absolutely not (ouk) sin (hamartia) in (en) him (autō)!
3:6 The one (ho), everyone (pas), staying (menōn) in (en) to him (autō), he absolutely does not sin (ouch hamartanei)!
The one (ho), everyone (pas), sinning (hamartanōn), he has absolutely not gazed at (ouch heōraken) him (auton), but absolutely neither has he known (oude egnōken) him (auton)!
3:7 Little born ones (teknia), let not one [of you, AE] (mēdeis) cause you to wander (planatō humas).
The one (ho) doing (poiōn) the (tēn) righteousness (dikaiosunēn) is (estin) righteous (dikaios), down according to as (kathōs) that one (ekeinos) is (estin) righteous (dikaios).
because (hoti) from (ap') [the] beginning (archēs) the (ho) diabolical one (diabolos) does sin (hamartanei).
Into (eis) this (touto) the (ho) Son (huios) of the (tou) God (theou) was manifested (ephanerōthē), in order that (hina) he may undo (lusē) the (ta) works (erga) of the (tou) diabolical one (diabolou).
and (kai) he can absolutely not inherently power himself (ou dunatai) to sin (hamartanein), because (hoti) he has been generated (gegennētai) out (ek) of the (tou) God (theou)!
The one (ho), everyone (pas), not (mē) doing (poiōn) righteousness (dikaiosunēn), the one (ho) also (kai) not (mē) loving (agapōn) the (ton) brother (adelphon) of him (autou), he is (estin) absolutely not (ouk) out (ek) of the (tou) God (theou)!
3:12 absolutely not (ou) down according to as (kathōs) Cain (Kain), [who] was being (ēn) out (ek) of the (tou) evil one (ponērou) and (kai) slaughtered (esphaxen) the (ton) brother (adelphon) of him (autou)!
because (hoti) the (ta) works (erga) of him (autou) were being (ēn) evil (ponēra), but (de) [the works, RE] of the (tou) brother (adelphou) of him (autou) [were being, RE] righteous (dikaia)!
3:13 And (kai) do not be amazed (mē thaumazete), brothers (adelphoi), if (ei) the (ho) cosmos (kosmos) despises (misei) you (humas)!
3:14 We (hēmeis) have seen (oidamen) that (hoti) we have moved (metabebēkamen) out (ek) of the (tou) death (thanatou) into (eis) the (tēn) life (zōēn), because (hoti) we love (agapōmen) the (tous) brothers (adelphous).
The one (ho) not (mē) loving (agapōn) [the brothers, RE] stays (menei) in (en) the (tō) death (thanatō).
3:15 The one (ho), everyone (pas), despising (misōn) the (ton) brother (adelphon) of him (autou), he is (estin) [a] mortal killer (anthrōpoktonos).
And (kai) you have seen (oidate) that (hoti) everyone (pas) [being] [a] mortal killer (anthrōpoktonos) absolutely does not hold (ouk echei) ageless (aiōnion) life (zōēn) staying (menousan) in (en) him (autō)!
and (kai) we (hēmeis) owe (opheilomen) to put (theinai) the (tas) souls (psuchas) [of us, RE] over (huper) [the sake, AE] of the (tōn) brothers (adelphōn).
3:17 But (d') perhaps (an) whoever (hos) may have (echē) the (ton) living (bion) of the (tou) cosmos (kosmou), and (kai) may observe (theōrē) the (ton) brother (adelphon) of him (autou) having (echonta) need (chreian), and (kai) may have keyed-closed2808 (kleisē) the (ta) spleens4698 (splanchna) of him (autou) from (ap) him (autou), how (pōs) does the (hē) love (agapē) of the (tou) God (theou) stay (menei) in (en) him (autō)?
3:18 Little born ones (teknia), we should love (agapōmen) neither (mē) [in, RE] word (logō) but nor (mēde) [in, RE] the (tē) tongue (glōssē), BUT (alla), in (en) work (ergō) and (kai) Truth (alētheia)!
3:19 And (kai) in (en) this (toutō) we shall cause ourselves to know (gnōsometha) that (hoti) we are (esmen) out (ek) of the (tēs) Truth (alētheias), and (kai) we shall persuade (peisomen) the (tas) heart (kardias) of us (hēmōn) in front (emprosthen) of him (autou)!
3:20 Because (hoti) if perhaps (ean) the (hē) heart (kardia) of us (hēmōn) may denounce (kataginōskē) [us, v19, RE], [we shall cause ourselves to know, v19, RE] that (hoti) the (ho) God (theos) is (estin) [a] greater one than (meizōn) the (tēs) heart (kardias) of us (hēmōn), and (kai) he knows (ginōskei) all things (panta)!
3:21 Beloved ones (agapētoi), if perhaps (ean) the (hē) heart (kardia) of us (hēmōn) may not denounce (mē kataginōskē) [us, RE], we have (echomen) boldness (parrēsian) toward (pros) the (ton) God (theon).
3:22 And (kai) if perhaps (ean) whatever (ho) we may request (aitōmen) we receive (lambanomen) from (ap') him (autou), [it, AE] [is] because (hoti) we watchfully keep (tēroumen) the (tas) injunctions (entolas) of him (autou), and (kai) we do (poioumen) the things (ta) agreeable (aresta) in sight (enōpion) of him (autou).
and (kai) we should love (agapōmen) one another (allēlous) down according to as (kathōs) he gave (edōken) [an] injunction (entolēn) to us (hēmin).
3:24 And (kai) the one (ho) watchfully keeping (tērōn) the (tas) injunctions (entolas) of him (autou) stays (menei) in (en) him (autō), and (kai) he (autos) [stays, RE] in (en) him (autō).


Louisiana - it's like a separate country - but it is a state. This original design celebrates this amazing state from Lake Charles to Monroe to Tallulah to the Crescent City!!!
* Louisiana does not have counties, there are parishes which subdivide the state.
* The crawfish capital of the world is Breaux Bridge, Louisiana.
* The world's longest overwater highway bridge is the Lake Pontchartrain causeway (24 miles in length).
* The Louisiana state capitol building is the tallest state capitol building in the country (450' tall).
* The Saint Charles streetcar line is a national monument.
* The first Opera performance in the country was held in New Orleans in 1796.


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Kentucky public school teachers protest a controversial pension reform bill which Gov. Bevin signed into law. (Photo by Bill Pugliano/Getty Images)
The Pension Gamble
How States Have Tried To Close Their Pension Funding Gaps
by Marcia Robiou Abrams Journalism Fellow, FRONTLINE/Columbia Journalism School Fellowship •
Priyanka Boghani Digital Reporter & Producer
Teachers, firefighters, police and other government workers in states across America are facing a retirement crisis. Half of all states haven't saved enough to pay the benefits they promised through public pensions. The bill — now in the trillions — is starting to come due.
For more than a century, public workers accepted lower salaries on the promise of a safety net later in life. When their pension funds were flush with cash, some states cut back on payments. Then came the dot-com crash, the 2008 recession and state budget shortfalls, and those states suddenly found their pensions deep in the red.
"The most common reason these things don't turn out so well is because the state didn't make the contributions," said Richard Johnson, program director of retirement policy at the Urban Institute. States instead put that money into more immediate budget concerns, such as education, he said.
As a result, some retirees are already seeing smaller monthly checks and current employees and new hires may see their pensions slashed further. Nationwide, public pensions are roughly 70 percent funded, falling below what national standards consider to be healthy. Only one state – Wisconsin – has a fully funded pension.
"One of the reasons that we accept the low salary is that we won't have to despair of our retirement," Randy Wieck, a public school teacher in Kentucky, told FRONTLINE in The Pension Gamble. "It's a promise and a good chunk of our salary is taken out from day one and deposited into a retirement plan."
Public pensions are about a third funded in Kentucky, according to state annual reports in 2016 analyzed by Bloomberg — a yawning gap that led to large teacher protests in March 2018 and a controversial new pension law that is currently being challenged in the state supreme court. Kentucky is not alone: New Jersey, Illinois, and Connecticut are facing similar challenges, according to numbers by Pew and Bloomberg.
Since the recession, states have been scrambling to fix the problem — mostly by passing the shortfall on to their employees.
That usually means employees must contribute more toward their pensions and get fewer benefits. Since 2009, 35 states have passed legislation increasing what employees have to pay into their pension plan, according to research by the National Association of State Retirement Administrators, an organization that supports traditional pensions. This change affected both current and new employees in most situations.
More than half the states in the U.S. now require people to work longer or retire later before they can claim their benefit. For example Colorado, which overhauled its pensions earlier this year, raised the retirement age for new hires after 2020 to 64 years, from 60 and 58 for state employees and teachers, respectively. Plans in several states have also reduced how much they pay in pensions by changing how the pension benefit is calculated.
It's more difficult to alter payouts for people who have already retired, since those benefits are usually legally protected. But some states have reduced what's called the cost of living adjustment paid to retirees, an annual increase that is supposed to shield payouts from inflation. In 2013, for example, Kentucky's largest public pension plan, with more than 350,000 members, suspended all cost of living adjustments until the system is 100 percent funded — a date that's still in question — or money is set aside by the state.
At least 13 states have passed laws committing to bridging the financial gap. Some are taking creative approaches, like funneling earnings from cigarette taxes or state-owned casinos into their pension funds.
In the past decade, government contributions to pensions have increased dramatically — by about 76 percent, according to the Urban Institute's Johnson, who made the calculation based on census data.
Oregon, for example, passed a law in 2018 that earmarked taxes on alcohol and marijuana and lottery revenues, among other things, to help bankroll pensions. Last year, New Jersey dedicated all earnings from the state lottery to the public pension fund, a move that will generate $1 billion per year, according to a recent report by the state's independent pensions commission.
A handful of states have moved away from the traditional pension model altogether, toward a 401(k)-style plan. States find such models attractive because it can be cheaper. They contribute less toward an employee's retirement fund, and the financial risk is also passed to the employee in a 401(k) plan — as are the investment decisions. For employees, the plans have no guarantee: a person can save up a lifetime of earnings for retirement, only to lose it all in a stock market crash.
The few states that have experimented with the switch have faced considerable backlash from public sector employees.
When the Oklahoma governor pushed for a 401(k) pension plan in 2014, hundreds of teachers, firefighters, and other state employees took to the streets to rally against the proposed changes. Ultimately, new state employees would be moved to a 401(k) plan after November 2015. After Alaska switched to a 401(k) system in 2005, the state's public safety department said in recent report that prospective employees found jobs in other states more attractive because of the retirement benefits.
"In Alaska, for example, one of the things they found is they cannot recruit and retain public safety officers," Diane Oakley, executive director of the pro-pension National Institute on Retirement Security, told FRONTLINE. "So, there's almost a dozen trooper cars sitting outside the headquarters, with no trooper to fill them."
However, for the states that have the biggest funding gaps in their pension plans, the risk isn't just that they'll lose employees. "Long term, the biggest risk is to future taxpayers," said Johnson. "They're the ones who are either going to have to pay higher taxes… or going to have to accept fewer services, because a bigger share of their tax money will have to go to close this funding gap."
In order to foster a civil and literate discussion that respects all participants, FRONTLINE has the following guidelines for commentary. By submitting comments here, you are consenting to these rules:
Readers' comments that include profanity, obscenity, personal attacks, harassment, or are defamatory, sexist, racist, violate a third party's right to privacy, or are otherwise inappropriate, will be removed. Entries that are unsigned or are "signed" by someone other than the actual author will be removed. We reserve the right to not post comments that are more than 400 words. We will take steps to block users who repeatedly violate our commenting rules, terms of use, or privacy policies. You are fully responsible for your comments.
What You Need to Know About Trump's $8 Billion Saudi Arms Deal
Judge Orders Expanded Oversight for Mentally Ill New Yorkers In Supported Housing
On the 24th Anniversary of the Srebrenica Massacre, Bosnian Muslims Continue to Bury Their Dead
WATCH: How "Obamacare" Became a Symbol of America's Divide
Bitter Rivals: Iran and Saudi Arabia
February 27, 2018 // 2:51:27
FRONTLINE investigates how a dangerous rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia has plunged the Middle East into sectarian war.
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Business, Politics, History & Tea with the Mayor!
Rowing, climbing, netball, drama & more!
OV News- memories, awards & career inspirations!
OV Openings, Interviews, Articles…and Two Finals in our midst!
MBEs, Honours, STEM careers & more!
OVs climbing to the top!
Celebrating teachers, careers & OV awards!
OV debuts, visits, graduations & a cricket tour to remember!
Rowing, reunions, press & paperbacks!
OV Professions Group, tours, celebrations, cycling, music & more!
Wingwalking, new roles in television & property & a trio of OV Tours!
OV D of E Gold and CCF Awards, 1541 Society Dinner, Open the Door & the Royal Wedding!
A glorious OV Reunion Weekend & lots more OV news!
Racing, Art, Bursaries, Opera & even more!
OVs are on the rise, on school grounds, and on the telly!


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// Registerer is a factory register mechanism that make class registration at
// compile time and allow generating an object by giving the name. Example:
//
//     class BaseClass {  // base class
//       ...
//     };
//     REGISTER_REGISTERER(BaseClass);
//     #define REGISTER_BASECLASS(name) REGISTER_CLASS(BaseClass, name)
//
//     class Sub1 : public BaseClass {
//       ...
//     };
//     REGISTER_BASE(Sub1);
//     class Sub2 : public BaseClass {
//       ...
//     };
//     REGISTER_BASE(Sub2);
//
// Note that REGISTER_BASE(sub1) should be put in cc file instead of h file,
// to avoid multi-declaration error when compile.
//
// Then you could get a new object of the sub class by:
//    Base *obj = BaseClassRegisterer::GetInstanceByName("Sub1");
//
// This is convenient when you need decide the class at runtime or by flag:
//    string name = "Sub1";
//    if (...)
//      name = "Sub2";
//    Base *obj = BaseClassRegisterer::GetInstanceByName(name);
//
// If there should be only one instance in the program by desgin,
// GetUniqInstance could be used:
//    Base *obj = BaseClassRegisterer::GetUniqInstance();
// If multi sub classes are registered, this method will cause a CHECK fail.
//

#ifndef MODULES_PERCEPTION_LIB_BASE_REGISTERER_H_
#define MODULES_PERCEPTION_LIB_BASE_REGISTERER_H_

#include <map>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

#include "gtest/gtest_prod.h"

#include "modules/common/log.h"
#include "modules/common/macro.h"

namespace apollo {
namespace perception {

// idea from boost any but make it more simple and don't use type_info.
class Any {
 public:
  Any() : content_(NULL) {}

  template <typename ValueType>
  Any(const ValueType &value)  // NOLINT
      : content_(new Holder<ValueType>(value)) {}

  Any(const Any &other)
      : content_(other.content_ ? other.content_->clone() : NULL) {}

  ~Any() {
    delete content_;
  }

  template <typename ValueType>
  ValueType *AnyCast() {
    return content_ ? &(static_cast<Holder<ValueType> *>(content_)->held_)
                    : NULL;  // NOLINT
  }

 private:
  class PlaceHolder {
   public:
    virtual ~PlaceHolder() {}
    virtual PlaceHolder *clone() const = 0;
  };

  template <typename ValueType>
  class Holder : public PlaceHolder {
   public:
    explicit Holder(const ValueType &value) : held_(value) {}
    virtual ~Holder() {}
    virtual PlaceHolder *clone() const {
      return new Holder(held_);
    }

    ValueType held_;
  };

  PlaceHolder *content_;

  FRIEND_TEST(ObjectFactoryTest, test_ObjectFactory);
};

class ObjectFactory {
 public:
  ObjectFactory() {}
  virtual ~ObjectFactory() {}
  virtual Any NewInstance() {
    return Any();
  }

 private:
  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(ObjectFactory);
};

typedef std::map<std::string, ObjectFactory *> FactoryMap;
typedef std::map<std::string, FactoryMap> BaseClassMap;
BaseClassMap &GlobalFactoryMap();

bool GetRegisteredClasses(
    const std::string &base_class_name,
    std::vector<std::string> *registered_derived_classes_names);

}  // namespace perception
}  // namespace apollo

#define REGISTER_REGISTERER(base_class)                                        \
  class base_class##Registerer {                                               \
    typedef perception::Any Any;                                               \
    typedef perception::FactoryMap FactoryMap;                                 \
                                                                               \
   public:                                                                     \
    static base_class *GetInstanceByName(const ::std::string &name) {          \
      FactoryMap &map = perception::GlobalFactoryMap()[#base_class];           \
      FactoryMap::iterator iter = map.find(name);                              \
      if (iter == map.end()) {                                                 \
        for (auto c : map) {                                                   \
          AERROR << "Instance:" << c.first;                                    \
        }                                                                      \
        AERROR << "Get instance " << name << " failed.";                       \
        return NULL;                                                           \
      }                                                                        \
      Any object = iter->second->NewInstance();                                \
      return *(object.AnyCast<base_class *>());                                \
    }                                                                          \
    static std::vector<base_class *> GetAllInstances() {                       \
      std::vector<base_class *> instances;                                     \
      FactoryMap &map = perception::GlobalFactoryMap()[#base_class];           \
      instances.reserve(map.size());                                           \
      for (auto item : map) {                                                  \
        Any object = item.second->NewInstance();                               \
        instances.push_back(*(object.AnyCast<base_class *>()));                \
      }                                                                        \
      return instances;                                                        \
    }                                                                          \
    static const ::std::string GetUniqInstanceName() {                         \
      FactoryMap &map = perception::GlobalFactoryMap()[#base_class];           \
      CHECK_EQ(map.size(), 1) << map.size();                                   \
      return map.begin()->first;                                               \
    }                                                                          \
    static base_class *GetUniqInstance() {                                     \
      FactoryMap &map = perception::GlobalFactoryMap()[#base_class];           \
      CHECK_EQ(map.size(), 1) << map.size();                                   \
      Any object = map.begin()->second->NewInstance();                         \
      return *(object.AnyCast<base_class *>());                                \
    }                                                                          \
    static bool IsValid(const ::std::string &name) {                           \
      FactoryMap &map = perception::GlobalFactoryMap()[#base_class];           \
      return map.find(name) != map.end();                                      \
    }                                                                          \
  };

#define REGISTER_CLASS(clazz, name)                                            \
  class ObjectFactory##name : public apollo::perception::ObjectFactory {       \
   public:                                                                     \
    virtual ~ObjectFactory##name() {}                                          \
    virtual perception::Any NewInstance() {                                    \
      return perception::Any(new name());                                      \
    }                                                                          \
  };                                                                           \
  inline void RegisterFactory##name() {                                        \
    perception::FactoryMap &map =                                              \
        perception::GlobalFactoryMap()[#clazz];                                \
    if (map.find(#name) == map.end()) map[#name] = new ObjectFactory##name();  \
  }

#endif  // MODULES_PERCEPTION_LIB_BASE_REGISTERER_H_

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Degrowth in Bewegung(en)
Reordering the concept of well-being with Epicurus and the hierarchy of desires
By: Riina Bhatia
Photo taken by Riina Bhatia
With the publication of the 6th IPCC assessment report, it is clear that the consumerist lifestyle has caused serious damage to Earth's life-supporting systems. The report recognises degrowth and post-growth as alternative trajectories to the hegemonic developmentalism, that is, the idea of Western capitalist progress as synonym for development. Remarkably, the report also highlights that well-being and good life are not solely dependent on economic growth and material well-being. Yet, while the contemporary western definition of 'good life' has long been based on consumption and ever-increasing material wealth, we need not look far from our own historical heritage to find principles and philosophies for a healthier and more sustainable lifestyle.
Epicurus, an ancient Greek philosopher, argues that happiness in life can be found from simplicity and sufficiency, just like many advocates of degrowth would argue. His concept of the hierarchy of desires maintains that happiness and well-being are derived from satisfying our basic needs and having purposeful social relations. By adopting a Gramscian understanding of societal revolutions, we should focus on reordering modern societal common senses, or the "uncritical and largely unconscious way of perceiving and understanding the world that has become 'common' in any given epoch" , from ever-increasing material consumption as a source of happiness and well-being towards appreciation of fulfilling basic needs and finding meaningful social relations in society.
Well-being, happiness, and sufficiency
To transform our societies and enable a more sustainable future, we must ask ourselves: How do we define well-being and happiness?
In modern societies, well-being is often measured in ever-increasing material growth, exemplified by the way society measures "development" according to the growth of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, according to Epicurus, development, well-being, and happiness are all better measured through indicators on fulfilment of basic needs, such as maintaining meaningful social relationships and balanced socionatural relations—namely, having a solid and healthy relationship with the natural world, the web of life that supports and provides for all.
Epicurus' hierarchy of desires
Epicurus defined happiness as fulfilling one's desires. Yet fulfilling desires was not based on ever-increasing lust or desire for material things, as we might think about it today, but rather on providing for the very basic desires on his "hierarchy of desires". According to him, our desires can be ranked as follows:
Natural and necessary desires. These are the basic tenets of life, such as food, shelter, and companionship—without which humans could not survive. Fulfilling basic needs entails natural limits. For example, when one is hungry, eating satisfies the desire, and this is fulfilled by natural limits (i.e., the size of one's stomach). Similarly, socializing is a natural and necessary desire that can be satisfied with relationships with other people. While natural limits for this are hard to define, having social relationships is natural need, and thus necessary feature of happiness.
Natural and non-necessary desires. These are also natural, but harder to satisfy. Non-necessary desires are linked with natural desires, like food, but they are unnecessary in nature, such as luxurious foods or drinks, and recreational travel. For example, satisfying hunger is a basic desire and it does not matter whether you satisfy it with bread and water, or caviar and champagne. The latter is, perhaps, nice occasionally, but in the long run such items are not necessary to fulfil the natural and necessary desire.
Vain desires, such as power, fame, and extreme material and financial wealth, are hard to obtain and can never be fully satisfied or satisfying. Vain desires do not have natural limits. The more power one obtains, the more power one wants, Epicurus argues—which leads to a destructive, never-ending cycle.
Consider the real-life example of the desire to tame thirst. Based on the first, natural and necessary desire, one would be able to fulfil that by drinking water. According to the second, natural and non-necessary, one would fulfil thirst with wine. Lastly, based on vain desires, one would want to gain admiration and status by drinking a special branded wine, e.g., champagne, to prove one's self-worth. However, according to Epicurean philosophy, fulfilling vain and non-necessary desires can never truly fulfil one's satisfaction, thus they can never bring true happiness.
In addition, Epicurus argued that happiness comes from being free from anxiety and pain. He considered the drive to fulfil vain desires, such as riches and power, as the ultimate source of anxiety and mental pain. For Epicurus, the best way to achieve happiness is by fulfilling natural and necessary desires, because not only are they a source of great happiness, but they are easy to satisfy. Above all, Epicurus argues that living in harmony with nature is the basis of all happiness as nature can offer humanity everything it needs for fulfilling its natural and necessary desires.
As we know, modern society could not be further from this goal. We live in an era of great wealth, yet with the highest-ever record of mental illnesses, such as anxiety and depression. To cure this, I agree with D'Alisa and Kallis (2020) that a necessary societal transformation is predicated upon a shift in the societal common senses. We need to start appreciating sufficiency over abundance.
Gramsci and reordering the common senses towards non-material well-being
How do we use such Epicurean principles to guide us in our journey to a more sustainable future? One option is to adopt a Grascian approach to change, which focuses on reordering common senses to form a new hegemony. According to Gramsci's theory of cultural hegemony, societal change is a result of a struggle between divergent views and ideas that takes place within the predominant political regime. This is crucial, as Gramsci understands that the power of the ruling elite of a society does not reside in physical force, but in the power to disseminate and persuade people what is right and what is wrong. For this, Gramsci understands that a sustainable societal change is a gradual reciprocal process where divergent ideas and views of a desired society engage in conversation. Therefore, a revolutionary change, or "war of attack" cannot be successful without a broader and longer "war of position". However, as Gramsci argued, this "reordering of common senses", must take place both at the individual level and within the existing institutions, because that is the way in which counter-hegemonies are able to materialize new common senses in the society broadly (D'Alisa and Kallis, 2020: 6-7).
Following the Gramscian understanding of societal change, whether we manage to take a sustainable turn in our societies depends on the success of counter-hegemonies to reorder common senses to rethink happiness, well-being, and development as being sufficient fulfil our basic needs—allowing us more time for ourselves and our friends and families.
This must be done both on a discursive and practical level. Discursive level refers to the way in which we speak and formulate personal desires. Practical level implies the ways in which we aim to achieve our desires.
Contemporary counter-hegemonies in the making
With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and Russia's war on Ukraine, we not only see the detrimental effects of trying to fulfil vain and unnecessary desires, but also increasing difficulties of fulfilling basic and necessary needs. These developments have led to increasing questioning of the modern growth-based economies, as the inflation of energy and food prices—the cornerstones of our economies—has made and will make fulfilling basic needs more difficult for a large proportion of the population. These developments will have a detrimental impact on inequality, especially in regions in the Global South that are highly dependent on Ukrainian wheat and energy.
As many will struggle in fulfilling even their basic and necessary needs, others, those with greater resources, might suffer from fulfilling their natural but non-necessary desires. In this situation, it is more important than ever that we shift our economies towards a more equal sharing of resources, so that everyone can fulfil at least their basic and necessary desires. This should be done at the local and regional as well as global levels.
In the short term, this means that countries with high level of food stocks should help those with less. In the longer term, we need a form of global economic governance that is based on solidarity rather than competition: a global wealth tax, cancellation of the Global South's states debts, and setting such rules of trade that does not solely benefit those already in power.
Most importantly, we need to shift our personal and societal imaginaries of 'the good life' from that of ever-increasing consumption and material wealth to cherishing sufficiency, fulfilling basic needs, and respecting a vivid and vibrant web of life.
Riina Bhatia
Riina Bhatia is a researcher scientist at the Future-Proof Societies team at VTT, Technical Research Centre of Finland. She is also the chair and co-founder of Rethinking Economics Finland. She is interested in transformations, innovations for post-growth and political economy and ecology.
Embodying degrowth and turning the movement inside out
By: The EmboDegrowth Lab
The language of a 'degrowth transition' is useful for mobilizing people and their collectives around policy objectives, but it retains an image of expert political actors who will 'transition' us from one state to another. We offer an alternative theory of change that aims for a 'degrowth transformation', or deeper shifts in ideology and daily practices. It will not be enough to solely focus on changing policies and institutions; it is essential to embody the transition and its deeper meanings in a personal way as well.


The top-down system of the implication realization (IR) theory (Narmour, 1990; 2014) suggests that music experience influences melody expectancy. Listener rating studies have provided evidence for this (Krumhansl et al., 1999; Krumhansl et al., 2000; Vos & Pasveer, 2002). However, few have tested the theory by studying spontaneous melody production. The present study used data acquired through the AIRS Test Battery of Singing Skills (Cohen et al., 2009; Pan et al., 2012) to explore how western music training affects improvisational singing following a prior melodic context. Young adults (20 musicians; 20 nonmusicians) were presented with an 8-note melody and were asked to first repeat it and then continue singing and finish it. 34 participants (19 musicians) completed the task. The singing recordings were notated by two musicians together (including the first author). To start the improvisation, musicians tended to choose the dominant (G, 42.1%) and subdominant (E, 21.1%), while non-musicians tent to begin with tonic (C, 33.3%) and subdominant (E, 26.7%). All of the musicians (100%) ended the song at tonic (C), while less than half of non-musicians (46.7%) did so. Furthermore, the range of the composition covered by musicians (M = 8.11 semitones, SD = 2.49) was significantly larger than the range of non-musicians (M = 5.33 semitones, SD = 2.69), F (1, 32) = 9.67, p < .005. The number of diatonic scale notes used by musician (M = 4.73, SD =1.04) exceeded that used by non-musicians (M = 3.53, SD =1.25), F (1, 32) = 9.38, p = .004. The study provides direct evidence that: (a) music training shapes melodic expectancy when improvising; (b) music training expands materials one can comfortably use in on-the-spot melody creation. The role of music training – whether cognitive and/or vocal motor flexibility and vocal range – remains to be investigated.
Singing accurately, musically, and emotionally requires sensory, cognitive, motor and affective control. Yet the mental processes underlying performing on a musical instrument (rather than the human voice) more often attract the attention in both psychological work and the popular press. Does practice on the "flashy" instrument create that much more of a sensorycognitive-emotional workout than does practice on the hidden musical instrument of the human voice? Is ractice and performance on a musical instrument qualitatively better for you than practice and performance in singing? Are choristers necessarily less happy than instrumentalists? The present paper directs attention to the following: (1) articles in the press that extol the benefits of music, referring only to examples of playing a musical instrument; could their statements apply equally to serious vocal music study? (2) programs such as El Sistema provide music training primarily on musical instruments; could these programs work equally well if focused on the human voice? (3) obviously for the same cost more students can be engaged in music through singing than through playing a musical instrument (4) comparisons of test performance of singers vs instrumentalists are rare in the music-psychological or cognitive literature and warrant more studies to address the gap in knowledge about the relative benefits of singing. If it is shown that the so-called benefits of instrumental music training are equal to the benefits of voice training, then public efforts to provide musical training should consider the relative cost of instrumental teachers and musical instruments versus the cost of choral leaders and no instruments. In a world where resources are insufficient to provide music training for everyone, decisions to fund instrumental as opposed to choral programs deserve social scientific justification. The relevant literature will be reviewed. (supported by SSHRC AIRS).
Research in social experimental psychology has consistently shown that moving in synchrony with others can foster coordination and good will between individuals. Music provides a rich oscillatory framework to support synchronous movement, and may thus be a particularly powerful agent of group cohesion. In the current study we assess this hypothesis in a group of children with diverse ethnic and racial backgrounds. Children in three predetermined groups were assigned to one of three activity conditions: group singing, a group art project, or competitive games. Both the singing and art conditions involved collaboration. Following participation in these activities, children were randomly assigned to dyads and asked to play a children's version of the prisoner's dilemma game. Results showed that children who had engaged in group singing were more likely to choose cooperative strategies during the prisoner's dilemma game than the children who had engaged in group art or competitive games. These findings have important implications for intergroup relations and diversity promotion programs employed in the classroom.


Set your DVRs for a provocative new documentary showcasing the lives of three public defenders 50 years after Gideon's Supreme Court decision.
"Gideon's Army" is airing on HBO (schedule here) and is available on HBO Go.
As the Supreme Court wraps up this historic term, this insightful documentary (which premiered on July 1) takes us back to the 1961 landmark decision of Gideon vs. Wainwright, which made it a requirement for the state to provide legal representation for defendants facing jail time if they could not afford it. Director Dawn Porter follows the lives of three young, black public defenders who battle the criminal justice system and at times, their consciences as they passionately defend their clients: guilty or not.