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7 Things Trainers Wish Their Clients Would Stop Doing Already
by Penelope Rose Morrison Published: Nov 30, 2015
Getting yourself to the gym is only half the battle (although it can feel like the whole battle, especially on frigid mornings). It's what you do once you're there that determines how successful you are in achieving your goals. And who better to give advice than the people who see workout mistakes firsthand? We asked personal trainers how their clients most commonly sabotage their own efforts—and how they could get on the right track. (Lose up to 15 pounds WITHOUT dieting with Eat Clean to Get Lean, our 21-day clean-eating meal plan.)
Rushing through your warm-up
It's tempting to dive right in to your workout (and, let's be honest, begin the process of getting it over with), but you really do need to warm up. Before introducing the body to more intense physical movement, it's important to increase blood flow to your muscles (which ups your core temperature) and stretch out muscle fibers, says Jessica Luepke, a certified strength and conditioning specialist and co-owner of a personal training studio. More blood flow means that your muscles are better prepared to move quickly, efficiently, and safely, she explains. Try this routine to ramp up your heart rate and warm up your muscles.
Doing a full cardio workout before your training session
While it's important to warm up, you don't want to overdo it. If you run for an hour before you start a training session, your body is going to be too fatigued for what your trainer has planned, says Kathy Kaehler, an ACE-certified trainer and fitness author. She recommends limiting your cardio to 10 minutes if you're heading to a training session.
(And if you think a super-quick run won't yield any benefits, think again: A 2014 study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology found that people who ran for just 5 minutes a day at a leisurely pace gained an additional 3 years of lif, compared with those who never ran.)
MORE: 10 Exercises That Burn More Calories Than Running
Using the scale as your only indicator of success
If you're working hard but the numbers on the scale aren't going down, don't despair. Many clients lose body fat and gain muscle, Luepke says. It's much more important to pay attention to the way that clothes fit and how you look, feel, and move, she explains. Focus on what you're newly capable of doing—like owning hills during your run, walking up and down stairs without pain, or hauling grocery bags out of the car with ease.
You should also avoid weighing yourself every day, says Jamie Atlas, a certified trainer and fitness studio owner. Your weight is going to fluctuate depending on what you may have eaten that day or where you are in your menstrual cycle. Stepping on the scale once a month is a better bet, he says.
MORE: 15 Teeny Tiny Changes To Lose Weight Faster
Showing up hungry
Afraid you'll get sick if you eat before a sweat session? Arriving at the gym with an empty stomach isn't a great idea. "Your body can't perform without gas in the tank," Kaehler says. She recommends eating some carbs and a little bit of protein, like a piece of whole grain toast with almond butter. It's enough to give you energy without filling you up too much. (Check out the best snacks to eat before every type of workout.)
And try to avoid overeating after you exercise. Perhaps not surprisingly, a 2009 study in Physiology & Behavior found that some people have an enhanced desire for food after exercise and may overcompensate. A good bet? One of these 10 smoothies, all packed with the protein you need to build muscle plus carbs to restore the glycogen you burned during exercise.
Showing up sleep deprived
If you truly couldn't catch any winks the night before, sleeping in might be a better bet than forcing yourself to show up at the gym. Your body needs time to repair and rejuvenate, Kaehler says. One study published in Physiology & Behavior showed that not getting enough shut-eye can lead to impaired reaction times. Risk of injury goes up due to response time slowing down.
Cranking the elevation on the treadmill too steep
If you've ever cranked the treadmill elevation so high that you have to hold on to the bar, you've gone too far. The extreme angle puts too much pressure on the back, hips, and knees, Kaehler says. Instead, bring the elevation down so you can comfortably move without hanging on to the bar, then increase your walking or running pace, she says.
MORE: Your 10 Biggest Walking Pains, Solved
Squating with improper form
Of all the exercises, why single out squats? Because it's one of the most functional movements we do in everyday life, says Mike Luepke, a certified personal trainer and co-owner of a personal training studio. We reach for something on the lowest shelf at the grocery store, bend down to pick something up, and sit on the toilet regularly. That's why it's important to get your body in the habit of doing it right. It's common for people to shift their weight toward their toes, jutting their knees out. Instead, shift your weight to the heels and stick hips back, he says. (Electrify your squat with this variation.) This will distribute weight and keep excessive pressure off your knees, safeguarding you against pain and injury. Plus, it will help strengthen your glutes—an underdeveloped backside can lead to knee and low back pain, because these muscles try to compensate, he explains. Properly developed glutes will take on the load, protecting the knees and back.
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I had three important realizations recently.
First: True friends are the ones you have two completely unrelated conversations with at the same time. Next time I'll have to try to add a third On Voxer.
Second: I clearly have a love of chocolate and peanut butter when Pinterest begins suggesting chocolate peanut pins and nothing else.
Third: Injury prevention is my latest jam. I was super excited to try out the new SLS3 Plantar Fasciitis Compression Foot Sleeves because I wake up almost every morning with tight, sore plantar fascia on both feet. These have definitely helped. I also keep a hard rubber ball next to my bed for days when they are especially bad.
I have also been adding more epsom salt baths to my routine, don't skip stretching after my strength workouts, and take the hubs up on his almost nightly offers to massage my legs.
I already knew I have no self-control. Especially where ice cream is concerned.
Email me at ihaverun@gmail.com to claim your entry!
You is broke. You is tired. You is a parent (recovering from spring break).
Last week was spring break, so that means this week is recover-from-spring-break week. Mostly, it just means this week will go as slowly as last week went quickly.
In other words, how is it only Tuesday? One good thing about it being Tuesday is that you still have time to enter to win a race entry to the Spartan Race of your choice in the United States! Head on over to THIS POST to enter!


Commitment, where has it gone? It looks like in the day we are living, commitment is a thing of the past. People used to be committed To God, To the church, To their husband or wife, and To their friends and family. But that is no longer true. All it takes in this day and time is to let a little hiccup, or setback come by and it's over. What has amazed me as a pastor in the last twenty three years of preaching is how many people I have seen start their walk with Christ only to turn back and return to their old life. I asked myself why is that? As I studied over that question, God begin to speak to my heart. He said, Steve do you not remember how you use to play with your relationship with Me. He reminded me how close I would get to Him and then how quick I would be fall away. He also showed me how my commitment to Him was like a thermometer, up and down, rather than the continual relationship He desired to have. He showed me that commitment has a price. The price is not cheap, and the payment is not easy. God showed me that the problem I had when I first started my journey with Him was that I failed to "Burn the ship." What are you saying? I don't understand. You have to forget the things that are in your life, that keeps pulling you back from being committed to God. I'm not saying it's wrong to have hobbies and do things, but when they become more important that your relationship with God you have to make some important choices.
The Bible says in Philippians 3:13-14 "Brethren, I count not myself to have apprehended: but this one thing I do, forgetting those things which are behind, and reaching forth unto those things which are before, 14 I press toward the mark for the prize of the high calling of God in Christ Jesus." Paul is talking about his relationship with God. If Christians would just work on this one thing and that is their relationship with God. The rest of the things that will come along in our lives God will help us deal with, and even have victory over. See– commitment is extremely important in our Christion relationship.
I believe if you look back into history the Vikings can show us what truly being committed is. When they would raid countries, they would burn their ships on the shore. The theory behind this is thought to be threefold. First, it would strike fear and panic in the hearts of their opponent. Second, the burning ship was a strong signal to the enemy that the Vikings were serious and committed. Given that they had destroyed their only way home, the enemy must have taken that a sure sign that this was going to be an extremely tough battle. Third, it was a signal to the Vikings themselves. The burning of their ship clearly made the point that the only possible way home was to win the battle. It reinforced their own level of commitment. See what happens when we fail to burn our ships, it makes it easy for us to return to them and sail off again. In my walk with God I have had to burn a lot of ships in my life. I had to let go of a lot of things that had a hold on me. But the moment that I started burning ships my commitment to God became stronger. When you get saved it is going to be a constant battle to be committed to God. The reason I say that is, I still find myself having to burn other ships along the way, so that I can remain committed in my walk with God. If you don't believe that being committed to God is a battle, just look at how easy it is for people to turn their back on their commitment to God and just walk off.
The two thousand member church was filled to overflowing capacity one Sunday morning. The preacher was ready to start the sermon when two men, dressed in long black coats and black hats entered thru the rear of the church.
PreviousTossed on the Seas of Life by Tim Tron is a different boat ride!!
NextThe Backyard Creeper by Christy Lowman isn't who you might think!!


The 28.7m Fipa Group/Maiora motor yacht 'Aubrey' was built in 2012 with a cosmetic refit in 2017.
MY Aubrey is excellent condition after having her teak sanded and re-caulked, paint polished and new carpets fitted throughout.
The tender garage holds a Williams 445 jet tender.
Two 27 kW Onan diesel generators sets with wet exhausts with separators.


text:
package org.gradle.api;

import java.util.Map;

/**
 *
An {@code AntBuilder} allows you to use Ant from your build script.

 */
public abstract class AntBuilder extends groovy.util.AntBuilder {
    /**
     * Returns the properties of the Ant project. This is a live map, you that you can make changes to the map and these
     * changes are reflected in the Ant project.
     *
     * @return The properties. Never returns null.
     */
    public abstract Map<String, Object> getProperties();

    /**
     * Returns the references of the Ant project. This is a live map, you that you can make changes to the map and these
     * changes are reflected in the Ant project.
     *
     * @return The references. Never returns null.
     */
    public abstract Map<String, Object> getReferences();

    /**
     * Imports an Ant build into the associated Gradle project.
     *
     * @param antBuildFile The build file. This is resolved as per {@link Project#file(Object)}.
     */
    public abstract void importBuild(Object antBuildFile);

    /**
     * Returns this AntBuilder. Useful when you need to pass this builder to methods from within closures.
     * @return this
     */
    public AntBuilder getAnt() {
        return this;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


We sell a wide range of industrial solutions and protection materials.
We are a benchmark brand in the country's central region for delivering hydraulic solutions.
We are a benchmark brand in the country's central region for delivering pneumatic solutions.


text:
Tag Archives: fujoshi
Girls Who Like Boys Who Like Boys…
Posted on May 27, 2013 by ixarette
There is a great deal of cogent sense and thoughtful sensibilities to be found over at Kathryn Hemmann's long piece about "Boys' Love" manga, singling out something I wrote last August for NEO 107 for "articulating a common sentiment extraordinarily well," although she doesn't necessarily mean that in a good way. WARNING: the words "Not Safe For Work" do not come close to describing some of the pictures accompanying the article, so do not click unless you are ready for an eyeful. Or possibly a fistful.
The Manga Snapshot column is just about to reach its 100th chapter, marking more than seven years rifling through the magazine shelves of the Japanese comics business, picking out a different magazine anthology every month. Over the years, I have covered manga for boys, manga for girls, manga for girls who like boys who like boys, manga for old men, manga for old men who wish they were boys again, manga for boys who like boys dressed as girls, manga for boys who like girls, manga for boys who think they probably would like girls but haven't actually talked to one and hence regard them with all the realism of glow-in-the-dark unicorns, manga for women who are ridiculously obsessed with their cats, manga for housewives who love their husbands, manga for housewives who love other people's husbands, and coming up in NEO 113 (which I just finished writing last week), manga for women who are quite miserable, but love hearing about women who are even more miserable.
I always try to follow a formalist perspective, teasing out suggestions of the implied readerships, not only from the manga themselves, but also from the peripheral content — the editorial asides, the letters pages, the horoscopes, and the adverts. Where available, I also use reader statistics from the Japanese Magazine Publishers Association, which often supplies illuminating data about who actually reads a title — as noted in my essay, "Living Happily Never After in Women's Manga" (find it here), such details can often be intriguingly counter-intuitive. Sadly, in the relatively small niche of "Boys' Love" publishing, such statistics are less freely available — I would suggest, at least in part, this is in order to allow the magazines to hide financially counter-productive data regarding the size or composition of their readerships. This, in turn, allows certain sectors of the readership to perpetuate "the stories they tell themselves about themselves," for good or ill.
Every time the Amazon Japan order thunks onto the doormat, I think that's it, there can't possibly be any more titles left to cover. But there's always another few lurking in the shadows. I have yet to get to the in-law appeasement sub-genre, and I'm still poking around in search of a legendary title for military housewives. Only a tiny handful of early Manga Snapshots were reprinted in Schoolgirl Milky Crisis, so the other 150,000 words or so can only be accessed by buying Neo magazine. There's very rarely any evidence, at least in the postbag, that anybody reads the Manga Snapshot at all, which is why it was so pleasing to read such a considered and assiduous appraisal.
Posted in News	| Tagged BL, boys' love, fujoshi, Kathryn Hemmann, manga, manga snapshot	| 2 Replies
Towards a New Horizon (1939)
The Devil General
Kang Youwei (1858-1927)
Millennium Actress and Film
Best Book 2020
Millennium Actress and History
Rich Girl (1939)
Summer Days with Coo
My Heart Sutra
Empress Wu
An Introduction to Eromanga
Wasn't me!
Foundation of the Anime Nation
Lapatossu and Vinski in Olympic Fever (1939)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The search continued Friday (Feb 1) for a missing diver off the coast of Puuhonua O Honaunau National Historical Park.
The missing diver was last seen on Wednesday (Jan 30) at the park at about 4 p.m. The man's keys, wallet and cellphone were found in his truck at the park.
The two Hawaii County Fire Department helicopters, rescue boat and ground personnel were joined by the Coast Guard using a C-130 aircraft, a Dolfin helicopter and the cutter Kiska to search for the missing diver. Private boats also joined in the search. The air search extended two miles North and South of the shoreline and 1/4 mile into open ocean.
Crews used search patterns based upon Coast Guard drift buoy data tracking ocean conditions. There were no reports of any findings.
Police identified the missing diver as Jeremiah Nathan of Kealakekua. Nathan is described as Caucasian, 5-foot-10, 150 pounds, green eyes, short brown hair and has a tattoo across his chest with Arabic-like lettering.
Police ask anyone with information on his whereabouts to call Officer Bradden Kimura of Kona Patrol at (808) 326-4646, extension 253. Callers may also call the Police Department's non-emergency number at 935-3311.


'Star Trek Into Darkness' Premieres In U.K. One Week Before U.S.
Trekkies in the U.S, you might as well start packing your bags and start booking tickets to the U.K. because it looks like our friends across the pond will be seeing 'Star Trek Into Darkness' a week before it premieres here in America!
Seems like our British counterparts are having all the luck when it comes to big blockbuster releases. Last year, 'The Avengers' and 'Prometheus' both premiered in the U.K. one week before opening here in the U.S. and now it's been announced that 'Star Trek Into Darkness' will debut in U.K. theaters on May 9th (instead of the original date of May 17th) while us Yanks have to wait until May 15th when it's released in IMAX and May 17th everywhere else.
Looks like Star Trek Into Darkness will land in the UK first. Release date May 9th. That's about 8 weeks away. Not long considering.
So what is the hope that Paramount will also move the U.S. premiere date to May 9th? So far the studio has not addressed this but it seems unlikely as many fans had already obtained early movie screening tickets for May 15 via the 'Star Trek Into Darkness' app. What will become of them if the film is moved up a week?
With such a highly anticipated film and a big reveal of Benedict Cumberbatch's role to be had once the film premieres, it seems that U.S. Trekkies may have to avoid the internet and social media sites for a week if they don't want the film spoiled for them.
After all, it would really be sad to find out Cumberbatch was really a rogue Jedi Knight sent back in time by the New Republic to help the ancestor of Princess Leia… oh wait. That's the other Abrams movie!


An early morning drive. Starbucks. Sunshine and a breeze in Omaha. Beautiful new building at UNO. Registration and donuts. 160 eager educators gathered together for a day of professional development....on a Saturday?
The fifth EdCamp Omaha took place on March 21, 2015 at a new location at the University of Nebraska-Omaha. The Barbara Weitz Community Engagement Center was the perfect setting as the day did not fall short in engaging the participants who gave up the first Saturday in spring to attend this free opportunity. Free is one of the requirements of an EdCamp, but in this case, "you get what you pay for" does NOT apply!
EdCamps are a unique type of conference sometimes called an "unconference." A typical day of learning doesn't exist, because the learning opportunities are based on the needs of its participants and are not determined until that day. Starting with a blank session board, participants build the schedule together as they socialize over donuts. The result is a board of 20 sessions based on the passion and interest of the people in attendance.
The EdCamp movement started in Philadelphia in 2010 when a group of educators gathered together to discuss promising practices and technology integration. As those first edcampers shared their experience on social media over the next year, EdCamps started to pop up all over the country. They are powerful because they honor the expertise of teachers rather than bringing in expensive outside experts. Today there are over 600 EdCamps each year around the world.
Sessions at EdCamp Omaha 2015 included Creativity and Innovation in the Classroom, Formative Assessment. The Maker Fair, Creating Classroom Culture and Environment for 1:1, Empowering Teachers in Professional Development and many more. In every session that I attended, the facilitator started the conversation, but then involved the rest of us in the dialogue. I was required to think, discuss, listen and communicate all day long, while never being forced to just listen to a "presenter" lecture. Of course the learning continued over our pizza lunch, in between sessions in the halls and on the Twitter feed #edcampomaha all day and through the weekend.
So who gives up a sunny Saturday in spring, often traveling hundreds of miles to get to an EdCamp? Experienced teachers, first-year teachers, pre-service teachers, social workers, technology coordinators, integration specialists, principals, superintendents, university professors, and staff development coordinators to name a few! Many of them were from the Omaha-Lincoln area, but ESU 10 schools had quite a few faculty make the trip. While there were some edcampers from South Dakota, Iowa, Minnesota and Missouri, the farthest distance traveled that day was from Chadron! No matter where they were from or what their role in education was, the attendees at EdCamp Omaha all exemplified professionalism, dedication and passion for student learning.


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The questionnaire will be open until Monday August 6th at 4 pm. Thank you!


As a business, whether you are self employed as a one-man operation, or have more of a structure consisting of employees, your marketing efforts will consist of branding you as an individual as well as branding the business you stand behind.
Creating a brand that is one of being company centric rather than consumer centric can be considered self promotion and can lead to a poor reputation. Your reputation is the track record of your brand.
Quality and craftsmanship go into every product.
As you craft your branded profile, you want to identify with the demographics and psycho-graphics of your target market. Put out marketing pieces that are in alignment with those characteristics as you develop a brand.
Look at the larger corporations and how they brand themselves. Most associate their products with an aura — a mood or a feeling, often using symbolism or association to link their company and products with something that people identify with.
Advertisements of automobiles often show a middle aged man driving a convertible down a twisting highway. They are not saying how great the manufacturer is or how many colors the cars come in. Rather, they put the customer in the state of mind of owning a car, having fun driving one, havinga the sense of freedom and independence. They are not selling the horsepower of the car or other features, they are creating a feeling in the prospects mind that they want to associate with the car and the company.
So as you go about your marketing strategies, are you skipping the branding and going for the close all too often? Are you meeting people and turning your conversation into a sales presentation? If so, that is the brand that you are communicating. This is a complete turn off for most prospects.
Branding is part of the sales process. Ideally, a prospective customer will have heard of or seen some of your marketing tactics and formed an impression. It could be anything from being the "neighborhood expert" or hearing you as a guest speaker on a radio show or being the one people refer on message boards as the "go-to" guy.
In this next generation of Web 2.0, people are not responsive to blatant self promotion. Its like a walking billboard. Nobody wants to talk to you because their sense is that you are only interested in you, your product and getting them to buy something. People want to talk about them. The "what's in it for me" is so important. Banner ads are not as effective as text links because there is no branding (other than repetitive exposure of a logo).
People don't think they can "sell" or be in sales, but they actually are selling all the time. People constantly sell there ideas and need to be persuasive, convincing, etc. Just because they don't have a product to sell does not mean they are not engaging in the process of selling.
Before you can offer how your product or services can help someone, would not it be appropriate to find out how it could help them? To do that, you must engage them somehow, either through conversation or just sharing in general what are the benefits and allow them to decide if they have the need or want to learn more.
Inexperienced sales people often fail to go through the progressive steps in the sales process. one of the first being rapport building. If someone has not formed an impression of you or your brand, one that is favorable, trying to close them too soon will most often fail.
Part of the inexperience has to do with being impatient. They feel that if they don't pitch their product or service right away, the customer will disappear and the opportunity will be lost.
That is how a simple business card or brochure or website address can serve to maintain contact with someone you first meet, create a neutral first impression (not being pushy) so that you can follow up and build a relationship over time, all the while building up your brand.
If you create a brand around you as a "pushy salesperson" nobody will want to engage with you for fear of being sold to. They will also not refer you to their friends. You will not build a positive reputation.
There is a balance between letting your prospective customers know that you are in business having certain products and services that may help them and getting in their face from the start trying to get them to buy — right here, right now.
Most websites don't work. When we land on a website, we want to know immediately if we are in the right place. We look for a clear sign or message that we are on the right track. If a website's purpose is not conveyed within the first 7-8 seconds, the chances the visitor will click away is certain.
Most sites do not appear to have a clear focus that is communicated simply and directly. An effective website combines three things: provides what the user is looking for, is easy to find that information and provides a return on investment to the website creator. In other words, it works for both the visitor and the website creator.
Here are 10 of the most blatant website design mistakes or (sins if you prefer) to ponder. You may want to compare your website and see if you are making any of these website design mistakes. These mistakes do not necessarily apply to a sales website or a shopping website which is a single purpose, point of sale type of design.
Website serves more as an online brochure and does not solve the problems the user is looking to find on the site.
The site does not immediately explain what you do and what you can do for the visitor. In other words, the website name is vague and the tag line is either non-existent or is equally confusing as the website name.
Site does not show a clear view of how the site is organized with clear navigation and top level categories. Here, the visitor has to fish around for what they think may be hidden somewhere within the site.
The site must be aesthetically appealing and professional. Your brand image and the content subject matter should be reflected in the look and feel of the graphics. A photography site without any pictures on the home page would be a real turn off and would not meet the brand of the site. Further, graphical blunders like using giant font sizes with multiple color and a busy background will just appear very amateurish.
Website Mistake #5 — Failure to engage the visitor.
Leverage the fact that you have visitors by capturing their contact information so you can stay in touch with them and invite them back. Offer a free report or ebook or newsletter in exchange for their information.
Website Mistake #6 — Information Overload on Home Page.
Too much information crammed into too many tables or columns on the home page is the opposite of keeping it simple and uncluttered. Provide bits of information that will entice the visitor to "learn more". Always have a path for the visitor to follow and tell them what and where to go next.
Website content is not valuable nor relevant to what the visitor is searching for. Flashy graphics and flash intros are ignored by search engines and looking cool may not impress the visitor as much as the quality of the content you provide.
Website Mistake # 8 — Website is static.
Once a visitor gets a handle on what you have to offer and reads what they are looking for, why would they return? You must provide fresh content that makes the site new and compelling.
Website Mistake #9 - Has to many advertisements.
Banner ads and adsense and other cleverly disguised links to buy something are all just distractions to the visitor. Not only do they clutter the page, visitors ignore them and only hurt your first impression.
Website Mistake #10 — No contact page or About Me page.
You must make these pages easy to find. People want to know who is behind the site. People want transparency and authenticity. They also need to know how to contact you using a Contact page.
There are many more potential mistakes a website can possess including slow loading pages, dead links and outdated page width. Browse the other posts for more tips on proper website design and useability issues.
Of course it would be best if the other person actively pursued you instead of you being the one to presumptuously think that they are indeed interested in what you do for a living.
By focusing on the other person and asking them their name and what they do or where they live and so on, you are showing interest in them. This is how to start off a conversation. Allow them to go on about themselves. Just listen and don't be impatient for "your turn" to talk about you.
People will subconsciously start to develop a liking for you if you pay attention to what they say and genuinely listen to what they are saying. You will be deemed a good listener. Not because you heard what they were saying, but because you kept your mouth shut while they were talking.
Once we do get asked about our profession or business, we must be careful to not go into 'selling mode' where what you say is boilerplate. People have built in 'Bull Sh_t meters' and can sense when you are not being authentic.
This authenticity is what people value because it is a complex set of words, phrases, thoughts and feelings that you convey which gives the listener a deeper glimpse into your core being. This is a form of sincerity and honesty that can only be delivered from the heart.
People who have the reputation of being good liars or cons have the ability to pretend to be authentic and that is how they deceive people. Some people however, are just too gullible and don't have a sensitive radar. They don't pick up on the subtle signals or body language.
Knowing the idiosyncrasies of human psychology is powerful stuff. Not to be able to manipulate, but to become who you must be in order to win friends and influence people in a ethically based, principled manner that is intended to truly be helpful to the other person.


Immaculate Beautiful Custom built home with a $15K new roof in 2016! Double oven, wine fridge and granite in the kitchen. First floor Master bedroom and Laundry. Gorgeous Murphy bed upstairs in the loft area with built-in office desk and a sitting area. With custom stairs from the 3 car garage to the basement workshop the entire layout makes this a very well designed and comfortable home. Basement has extra high ceilings and is already plumbed for a Full Bath. Plantation shutters, Pella Windows as well as Piping already in place for Central Vac unit. Very nice screened porch off the kitchen, that walks out onto a patio. Two Zone Heating and cooling system.


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Small Business Law/
Incorporation and Legal Structures/
Shareholders, Dividends, and Taxes
Created by FindLaw's team of legal writers and editors | Last updated July 21, 2022
Shareholders, Dividends, and Taxes Overview
If your corporation has issued public shares of stock, you may offer cash distributions to shareholders from time to time. These are typically referred to as "dividends," which are taxed as income, although not all cash distributions technically are dividends. If your company is publicly traded, chances are you have a legal team helping you manage your company's stock and relationships with shareholders. But the following information is intended to give you a general overview of shareholders, dividends, and taxation.
We make business formation EASY. Learn about our DIY business formation services here.
Dividends at a Glance
A dividend is a distribution of cash or property by a corporation to a shareholder paid out of the corporation's current or accumulated earnings and profits. Although Congress has not provided a comprehensive definition of earnings and profits, it is essentially an economic measure of a corporation's ability to pay dividends without distributing any of the capital contributed by either its shareholders or creditors. Earnings and profits include all items of income, gains, losses, and deductions resulting from the economic activities of the corporation since the later of the date of the corporation's inception or February 28, 1913 (the date the federal income tax was enacted).
Is it a Dividend? Taxation of Shareholder Distributions
In order to determine if a distribution is a dividend, distributions to shareholders are first deducted from current earnings and profits and then from accumulated earnings and profits. If the amount of the distribution exceeds both current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distribution will not be taxed as a dividend but as a sale or exchange of property.
Dividends are taxable to a shareholder as ordinary income. Corporations issue shareholders an annual Form 1099 Dividend, which reports dividends paid during the year. The amount paid is reported by the shareholder as income on Schedule B of the shareholder's return. The shareholder is required to report the dividend amount as income even if the dividend is reinvested in corporate stock. If the dividend is reinvested, the amount reported as income is added to the shareholder's cost or basis in the stock.
If an individual receives a distribution from a corporation that does not qualify as a dividend, the amount received will be reported as a sale or exchange of an asset on Schedule D of the shareholder's return. The gain reported will be equal to the distribution received less the shareholder's cost or basis in the stock. The gain will be either long term or short term depending on whether the shareholder held the stock for a year or more.
Taxpayers often receive dividends from mutual funds. These dividends are categorized as ordinary dividends or capital gain dividends. The characterization of the dividends reflects the investment activity of the mutual fund. Ordinary dividends are reported on Schedule B as ordinary income. Capital gain dividends are reported on Schedule D as long-term capital gain income.
Certain credit unions report interest income as dividend income. Dividend income from credit unions should be reported as interest income on Schedule B.
Contact an Attorney to Learn More About Shareholders, Dividends, and Taxes
Even an honest mistake with regard to dividends or cash distributions to shareholders can have serious consequences. Luckily, you can contact an experienced tax law attorney who can help sort out your taxes and ensure that you're in compliance with the law.
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text:
Jeremy Renner shares photo from hospital bed after snowplow accident: 'Thank you all for your kind words'
Jeremy Renner shared a selfie on Instagram following a traumatic injury after an accident on New Year's Day.
"Thank you all for your kind words," he wrote. "Im too messed up now to type. But I send love to you all."
Deputies responded to reports of a traumatic injury at 9 a.m. near Mt. Rose Highway on the first day of the new year, located near the California/Nevada border.
Renner was then airlifted to a local hospital and had surgery after suffering blunt chest trauma and orthopedic injuries. He was reportedly the "only involved party in the incident."
MARK RUFFALO SENDS PRAYERS TO JEREMY RENNER, ASK FANS FOR WELL WISHES AFTER SNOWPLOWING ACCIDENT
Jeremy Renner shares selfie from hospital bed
(Jeremy Renner/ Instagram)
A post shared by Jeremy Renner (@jeremyrenner)
JEREMY RENNER EXITS SURGERY AFTER SUFFERING BLUNT CHEST TRAUMA AND ORTHOPEDIC INJURIES IN ACCIDENT: REPORT
Jeremy Renner was flown to a local hospital on Sunday after the accident.
(Tim P. Whitby)
"We can confirm that Jeremy has suffered blunt chest trauma and orthopedic injuries and has undergone surgery today, January 2nd 2023," a statement read, according to People. "He has returned from surgery and remains in the intensive care unit in critical but stable condition.
"Jeremy's family would like to express their gratitude to the incredible doctors and nurses looking after him, Truckee Meadows Fire and Rescue, Washoe County Sheriff, Reno City Mayor Hillary Schieve and the Carano and Murdock families," the statement continued. "They are also tremendously overwhelmed and appreciative of the outpouring of love and support from his fans."
In December, Renner showed his five million Twitter followers just how serious conditions can be on the mountain.
"Lake Tahoe snowfall is no joke #WinterWonderland," he tweeted and included a picture of a snow covered vehicle.
"The Avengers" in 2012 cemented him as part of Marvel's grand storytelling ambitions, with his character appearing in several sequels and getting its own Disney+ series, "Hawkeye."
Jessica Simpson shares photo after finding her 8th grade cheerleading letterman jacket
Tom Hanks and Rita Wilson, Goldie Hawn and Kurt Russell, and more real-life celeb couples who sizzle on screen


text:
package azkaban.executor;

import azkaban.Constants.ConfigurationKeys;
import azkaban.utils.Pair;
import azkaban.utils.Props;
import java.time.Duration;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import javax.inject.Inject;
import javax.inject.Singleton;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

/**
 * Periodically checks the health of executors. Finalizes flows or sends alert emails when needed.
 */
@SuppressWarnings("FutureReturnValueIgnored")
@Singleton
public class ExecutorHealthChecker {

  private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ExecutorHealthChecker.class);
  // Max number of executor failures before sending out alert emails.
  private static final int DEFAULT_EXECUTOR_MAX_FAILURE_COUNT = 6;
  // Web server checks executor health every 5 min by default.
  private static final Duration DEFAULT_EXECUTOR_HEALTHCHECK_INTERVAL = Duration.ofMinutes(5);
  private final long healthCheckIntervalMin;
  private final int executorMaxFailureCount;
  private final List<String> alertEmails;
  private final ScheduledExecutorService scheduler;
  private final ExecutorLoader executorLoader;
  private final ExecutorApiGateway apiGateway;
  private final AlerterHolder alerterHolder;
  private final Map<Integer, Integer> executorFailureCount = new HashMap<>();

  @Inject
  public ExecutorHealthChecker(final Props azkProps, final ExecutorLoader executorLoader,
      final ExecutorApiGateway apiGateway, final AlerterHolder alerterHolder) {
    this.healthCheckIntervalMin = azkProps
        .getLong(ConfigurationKeys.AZKABAN_EXECUTOR_HEALTHCHECK_INTERVAL_MIN,
            DEFAULT_EXECUTOR_HEALTHCHECK_INTERVAL.toMinutes());
    this.executorMaxFailureCount = azkProps.getInt(ConfigurationKeys
        .AZKABAN_EXECUTOR_MAX_FAILURE_COUNT, DEFAULT_EXECUTOR_MAX_FAILURE_COUNT);
    this.alertEmails = azkProps.getStringList(ConfigurationKeys.AZKABAN_ADMIN_ALERT_EMAIL);
    this.scheduler = Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor();
    this.executorLoader = executorLoader;
    this.apiGateway = apiGateway;
    this.alerterHolder = alerterHolder;
  }

  public void start() {
    logger.info("Starting executor health checker.");
    this.scheduler.scheduleAtFixedRate(() -> checkExecutorHealth(), 0L, this.healthCheckIntervalMin,
        TimeUnit.MINUTES);
  }

  public void shutdown() {
    this.scheduler.shutdown();
    try {
      if (!this.scheduler.awaitTermination(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
        this.scheduler.shutdownNow();
      }
    } catch (final InterruptedException ex) {
      this.scheduler.shutdownNow();
      Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Checks executor health. Finalizes the flow if its executor is already removed from DB or
   * sends alert emails if the executor isn't alive any more.
   */
  public void checkExecutorHealth() {
    final Map<Optional<Executor>, List<ExecutableFlow>> exFlowMap = getFlowToExecutorMap();
    for (final Map.Entry<Optional<Executor>, List<ExecutableFlow>> entry : exFlowMap.entrySet()) {
      final Optional<Executor> executorOption = entry.getKey();
      if (!executorOption.isPresent()) {
        final String finalizeReason = "Executor id of this execution doesn't exist.";
        finalizeFlows(entry.getValue(), finalizeReason);
        continue;
      }

      final Executor executor = executorOption.get();
      try {
        // Todo jamiesjc: add metrics to monitor the http call return time
        final Map<String, Object> results = this.apiGateway
            .callWithExecutionId(executor.getHost(), executor.getPort(),
                ConnectorParams.PING_ACTION, null, null);
        if (results == null || results.containsKey(ConnectorParams.RESPONSE_ERROR) || !results
            .containsKey(ConnectorParams.STATUS_PARAM) || !results.get(ConnectorParams.STATUS_PARAM)
            .equals(ConnectorParams.RESPONSE_ALIVE)) {
          throw new ExecutorManagerException("Status of executor " + executor.getId() + " is "
              + "not alive.");
        } else {
          // Executor is alive. Clear the failure count.
          if (this.executorFailureCount.containsKey(executor.getId())) {
            this.executorFailureCount.put(executor.getId(), 0);
          }
        }
      } catch (final ExecutorManagerException e) {
        handleExecutorNotAliveCase(executor, entry.getValue(), e);
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Finalize given flows with the provided reason.
   *
   * @param flows
   * @param finalizeReason
   */
  private void finalizeFlows(List<ExecutableFlow> flows, String finalizeReason) {
    for (ExecutableFlow flow: flows) {
      logger.warn(
          String.format("Finalizing execution %s, %s", flow.getExecutionId(), finalizeReason));
      ExecutionControllerUtils
          .finalizeFlow(this.executorLoader, this.alerterHolder, flow, finalizeReason, null);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Groups Executable flow by Executors to reduce number of REST calls.
   *
   * @return executor to list of flows map
   */
  private Map<Optional<Executor>, List<ExecutableFlow>> getFlowToExecutorMap() {
    final HashMap<Optional<Executor>, List<ExecutableFlow>> exFlowMap = new HashMap<>();
    try {
      for (final Pair<ExecutionReference, ExecutableFlow> runningFlow : this
          .executorLoader.fetchActiveFlows().values()) {
        final Optional<Executor> executor = runningFlow.getFirst().getExecutor();
        List<ExecutableFlow> flows = exFlowMap.get(executor);
        if (flows == null) {
          flows = new ArrayList<>();
          exFlowMap.put(executor, flows);
        }
        flows.add(runningFlow.getSecond());
      }
    } catch (final ExecutorManagerException e) {
      logger.error("Failed to get flow to executor map");
    }
    return exFlowMap;
  }

  /**
   * Increments executor failure count. If it reaches max failure count, sends alert emails to AZ
   * admin and executes any cleanup actions for flows on that executors.
   *
   * @param executor the executor
   * @param flows flows assigned to the executor
   * @param e Exception thrown when the executor is not alive
   */
  private void handleExecutorNotAliveCase(final Executor executor, final List<ExecutableFlow> flows,
      final ExecutorManagerException e) {
    logger.error("Failed to get update from executor " + executor.getId(), e);
    this.executorFailureCount.put(executor.getId(), this.executorFailureCount.getOrDefault
        (executor.getId(), 0) + 1);
    if (this.executorFailureCount.get(executor.getId()) % this.executorMaxFailureCount == 0) {
      if (!this.alertEmails.isEmpty()) {
        logger.info(String.format("Executor failure count is %d. Sending alert emails to %s.",
            this.executorFailureCount.get(executor.getId()), this.alertEmails));
        this.alerterHolder.get("email")
            .alertOnFailedExecutorHealthCheck(executor, flows, e,
                this.alertEmails);
      }
      this.cleanupForMissingExecutor(executor, flows);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Perform any cleanup required for an unreachable executor.
   *
   * Note that ideally we would like to disable the executor such that not further executions are
   * 'assigned' to it. However with the pull/polling based model there is currently no direct way
   * of doing this other than the hitting the corresponding ajax endpoint for the executor.
   * That endpoint is most likely not reachable (hence the repeated healthcheck failures).
   * Updating the active status or removing the executor from db will not have an impact on any
   * executor that is still alive and was unreachable temporarily.
   * For now we limit the action to finalizing any flows assigned to the the unreachable executor.
   *
   * @param executor
   * @param executions
   */
  private void cleanupForMissingExecutor(Executor executor, List<ExecutableFlow> executions) {
    String finalizeReason =
        String.format("Executor was unreachable, executor-id: %s, executor-host: %s, "
                + "executor-port: %d", executor.getId(), executor.getHost(), executor.getPort());
    finalizeFlows(executions, finalizeReason);
  }
}


text:
L'arteria oftalmica è la prima diramazione intradurale dell'arteria carotide interna, responsabile dell'irrorazione sanguigna del globo oculare e dei suoi annessi.

Struttura
L'arteria oftalmica emerge dall'arteria carotide interna dopo che questa è uscita dal seno cavernoso; in alcuni casi può emergere prima. Essa origina medialmente rispetto al processo clinoideo anteriore e si dirige anteriormente, nel canale ottico, occupando una posizione inferolaterale rispetto al nervo ottico.

In una minoranza dei casi l'arteria oftalmica può anche trovarsi superiormente rispetto al nervo ottico.

Nel terzo posteriore del cono dell'orbita, l'arteria diventa mediale e decorre medialmente fiancheggiando la parete mediale dell'orbita.

Percorso
L'arteria oftalmica si dirige verso la parte orbicolare anteriore andando a fornire varie diramazioni più piccole fino alle arteriole, fiancheggiando prima la faccia laterale della cavità orbitaria e successivamente la superiore e la mediale del nervo ottico.

Dopo essere passata al di sopra nel nervo ottico, raggiunge la parete mediale della cavità orbitaria portandosi sino al muscolo obliquo superiore e dividendosi infine in due rami terminali che fuoriescono dall'orbita stessa: l'arteria sopratrocleare e l'arteria dorsale del naso.

Diramazioni
L'irrorazione del globo oculare è garantita dalle numerose collaterali (ben undici) che dall'arteria oftalmica si dipartono a livello inter-orbitario e che sono, in dettaglio:
 arteria lacrimale
 arteria centrale della retina
 arteria sopraorbitale
 arterie ciliari posteriori brevi
 arterie ciliari posteriori lunghe
 arteria muscolare superiore
 arteria muscolare inferiore
 arteria etmoidale anteriore
 arteria etmoidale posteriore
 arteria palpebrale superiore
 arteria palpebrale inferiore

Dalle arterie etmoidali si diramano le arterie meningee anteriori che vanno a distribuirisi sulla dura madre, mentre l'arteria della retina è importante per la sua irrorazione della retina appunto, raggiunta dopo che il vaso sanguigno ha percorso il nervo ottico in tutta la sua lunghezza.

Note

Altri progetti

Oftalmica

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Incumbent Sherriff Ross Mirkirimi changed his stance of whether or not to accept the funds his office applied for at the beginning of his term, but he does hold his ground regarding Sherriff's department's cooperation with ICE and the Juan Lopez-Sanchez case. Vicki Hennessey, a likely candidate, and third runner John Robinson both say they would have handled the case differently. Pacifica's Claire Stremple has the story.


text:
Armel Nene | Enterprise Architect | Blockchain Architect | ICO Adviser | Speaker | Writer
Blockchain - Articles Whitepapers News
KODAKOne / KODAK ICO Blockchain Refuses to Pay Its Staff
20th November 2018 in Blockchain, Startups
I go straight to the point, this article details how Ryde, Wenn Digital and KODAK are using the blockchain hype to scam investors and employees of hundreds of thousands of euros.
In January 2018, KODAK made an announcement at CES that it would be venturing into the field of Blockchain and cryptocurrencies. All the media outlets jumped on the news and it like wild fire. I remember reading an article from Bloomberg about KODAK's planned ICO, which brought more credibility to the scam. After the announcement, Eastman Kodak shares went up by more than 500%.
At the time of the announcement, no one really understood the partnership arrangement between all the parties involved. Eastman Kodak was the company fronting the news and reaping the immediate benefit.
By the end of January 2018, an agency (IFindTech Ltd) which is working on behalf of KODAKOne contacted me to lead their blockchain project. At the time, I was consulting at Channel 4 in the UK. Like most people interested in blockchain, I was aware of KODAK's ambitions and was excited to be part of it.
In February 2018, Jan Denecke (CEO of Wenn Digital) and Matthew Walker (President of Wenn Digital) met me in a coffee shop in the Brick Lane area of East London. We discussed the project at length and this created even more excitement at what could be achieved. I had a couple more video conference calls with Volker Brendel (CTO of Ryde GmBH). Wenn Digital and Ryde GmBH were mentioned in the context of the agency building the platform for Eastman Kodak, what I came to find out later to be inaccurate.
March 2018, I travelled to Berlin to meet the team. I was employee number one for the blockchain team; well I was the only one until they recruited more people. The team grew from 0 to 4 within two weeks. Just like myself, the team was excited to work on the project and we started experimenting with various distributed ledgers. The team was made up of experienced developers. I tried to gather some requirements in the context of the blockchain application. I was working closely with Volker Brendel. It quickly become clear that blockchain was an afterthought as they were not real requirements at this time. I decided to go through some of the marketing documents which were produced to try to understand the business goals. As an experienced tech lead and architect, I was able to devise some requirements pertinent to blockchain. The management team quickly approved it. We then started building a more concise proof of concept which was demoed to and approved by management. We were then requested to demo the PoC to the investors which we did and it went smoothly.
We were now entering May 2018, I had been working on the project for 2 months and I hadn't received any remuneration as yet. I approached Volker Brendel as I was reporting directly to him. He told me that everything was in order regarding payment and that I should get in touch with iFindTech back in the UK, which I found out later to be a lie. They finally made a payment for the month of March. I did not pass on any of my expenses to them was only charging for my normal daily rate.
Volker Brendel requested that we prepare a user centric demo for the investors which would show how an end user would use the platform. As we did not have a user friendly front end, I asked a good friend of mine, Adebayo Dada, to help out. Within two weeks, we had a workable MVP product with a sleek user interface. The demo went down pretty well with the investors.
After the MVP, the blockchain development was no longer a priority for Ryde GmBH, Wenn or whatever name they go by. The company kept on hiring more stuff in admin and big data but invoices were going unpaid. My April 2018 invoice was still outstanding and that of May 2018 had already been sent to them. We are now in June 2018, and had only been paid once in the 4 months that I had been working for them.
It seemed that Ryde / Wenn / KODAKOne had a very unsuccessful ICO. Investors were not interested in the platform. KODAKOne had spent money buying celebrity names such as Fernando Alonso (the F1 driver). They initially had Lionel Messi (Barcelona) but this fell through as Messi's team asked for money. They also spent money by preferential deals with the likes of the Oak View Group without any clear business goals. After the failed ICO in the US, the team moved their focus to raising capital from South East Asia by flying the whole management team and staying in 5 star hotels while their employees' salaries and invoices remained unpaid.
July 2018, I received a payment for my May 2018 invoice. I was in constant contact with Volker Brendel about the arrears of the invoices. He always laid the blame on the CFO and he, Volker, kept giving me guarantees that I would be paid every single penny that they owed me. He also confirmed that the ICO was a shamble and no one subscribed to it. Therefore, they would try to open to all investors across the globe.
August 2018, I still hadn't received any more payments. My contract with Ryde / Wenn Digital / KODAKOne would be up by month's end. I decided not to renew until all is owed was paid in full. They offered me to go permanent on a reduced salary with bonuses and KODAK coins. I am the architect of the KODAK coins and I know they are yet to be released so, what exactly am I getting? I let my contract run out and I did not return to the project in September 2018. I was still in touch with them and providing guidance, why was I still providing them support? Because I had some good friends still working there.
September 2018, it came to light that I was not the only one in that situation. Ryde hadn't paid their permanent staff, their outsourcing agencies and other contractors since June 2018. I was still in direct contact with Volker Brendel who was still adamant payment would be made in the coming weeks.
October 2018, the full blockchain team had now resigned, the big data team left and the partner agencies had stop working with them. No one in the company was answering emails or calls.
There are rumours of multiple lawsuits against Ryde / Wenn Digital / KODAKOne, I have received confirmation of at least 3 of them. The lawsuits all have the same goal, to get their invoices paid.
November 2018, still no payment from Ryde to any of the invoices. Instead the company is publishing fake information on the internet that they are launching their platform in beta mode. This is a lie as the person working on it confirmed that he's keeping the code as a ransom to the money they owe him. The company is in free fall and they are publishing on LinkedIn that they are hiring. Why hire when you have not paid your current and previous members of staff? Which poor souls do they want to torment now?
The team at Ryde / Wenn Digital / KODAKOne do not care about their staff or the platform they are building. They are looking for a fast way to get rich and then bin the whole project. Nothing has been built there since August 2018. Volker Brendel, Jan Denecke, Philip Kohn, Cameron Chell and Matthew Walker should not be trusted to work or do business with.
In my follow up post to this, I will be publishing communications between Ryde / WENN Digital / KODAKOne and myself with regard to my invoices and all the rubbish about loyalty. I will publish the PR stunt that they are running in order to dupe investors and the threats they have been sending me.
5 Reasons Why UK Gov.UK Verify E-Identity Project Should Adopt The Blockchain
10th October 2018 in Blockchain
The UK government has announced that its struggling e-identity platform will close within 18 months. The government will invest in transitioning whatever they have built so far to the private sector. The suppliers which have won the contracts are Barclays, Digidentity, Experian, Post Office and Secure Identity.
I first came across Gov.UK Verify when I was working on the common platform project for the Ministry of Justice (MoJ) and later with London Borough of Enfield's council.
The move comes after the Cabinet Office's major projects watchdog, the Infrastructure and Projects Authority, recommended in July that Verify should be terminated because Whitehall departments had lost confidence in the system and were unwilling to fund further development.
What is Gov.UK Verify?
GOV.UK Verify is a secure way to prove who you are online.
It makes it safe, quick and easy to access government services like filing your tax or checking the information on your driving licence.
When you use GOV.UK Verify, you don't need to prove your identity in person or wait for something to arrive in the post.
Quick explainer video
So what are the 5 reasons why the program should be moved to the Blockchain?
Citizen should be in control of their personal data (self-sovereign)
There are Open Source initiatives well underway to help establish a cross-border standard such as Hyperledger Indy and Sovrin
£130 millions of tax payers' monies spent so far to be written off and handed to the private sector with additional cost for the transition. Companies are profit orientated and history has anything to tell us is that they cannot trusted with sensitive data
Self-sovereign identity platforms on the blockchain provide both security and privacy
Self-sovereign identity increases the trust that citizen puts into third-party applications. Citizen will also be in control of what data they want to share with third-party developers
Decentralized Identity (DID) standardization is currently a work in progress and the more governments can invest into it, the faster the adoption will be.
Here is good short video explainer of how a decentralized identity would work.
Why You Need a Centralized User Management For Your Blockchain Application
9th October 2018 in Blockchain
The first decentralized apps where built to prove the concept that application could be run in a decentralized manner without any central authority.
What would be the real purpose of such application?
If we build decentralized applications, how do we know the number of real (a user can have multiple addresses or wallets) users using it.
How does the application restrict certain functionalities from a group of users? Remember there isn't any central authority with a list of users and permission controls.
Let's take the popular example of electing our politicians through voting on the Blockchain. Let's have a simple list of requirements as follow:
First of all, only citizen of a country can vote
We have to make sure that they only voted once
They should be able to see their voting history
Other voters should not be able to see other people voting history
The above can be easily built using a centralised application but this is for another discussion.
If the above requirements where developed as DApps on Ethereum, everyone can see who voted based on their voting account address. By now we know that the address are not anonymous and they could be traced back to the actual owners. Anybody can create an account on Ethereum (or most public blockchains) as this is a very cheap. Malicious users can create multiple accounts and vote multiple times.
How do we stop people from voting multiple times without a central authority?
Simple answer is we cannot.
How can we guarantee that all voters are citizen of that country?
We cannot.
Basically, it is impossible to create a DApps which can handle our simple requirements. There are some solutions but none of them are decentralized. Let's not forget that blockchain networks have no idea of what's going on in the external world.
Oracles and side-chains are centralised
Any process which occurs outside the blockchain are controlled by a central authority; such as validating users, check the weather, polling stock quotes, etc…
How can we fix that issue?
First of all, we have to understand what role would the public chain play in our application. We need to step away from the Let's save the world through blockchain rhetoric. What value does the blockchain brings to the application? There are governments' laws and regulations on the use of people data. Also, not every transaction should be run in a trust less manner as in voting to elect our leaders.
In order to fix the issues with user management, a centralized user management authority needs to be put in place. Something that can allow for a seamless know your customer (KYC) process. In the context of election, the process can assign a PKI to each user which has no meaning to the outside world. The voting process can will be handled by the DApps on chain by recording users voting activities. In theory, the central authority will be able to tell who each voter voted for? Other measures can be put in place to prevent it.
Implementing a user management for the decentralized world is not a small feat. Stakeholders will spend more time about the security of their users' data for fear hackers compromising or stealing the data. Just as banks go to extreme measures to protect their users' data, applications with centralized user management should go through the same rigorous security testing process.
This is the subject of research we are currently conducting with the hope that a decentralized user management such as Hyperledger Indy can evolve to solve this issue in the future.
CIO Insight: Agility vs Adaptability in a Changing World
How HUAWEI Hacked the West
How to Take Screenshot of Websites Using Java and Firefox
Don A on How HUAWEI Hacked the West
Chrisini on How HUAWEI Hacked the West
Armel on KODAKOne / KODAK ICO Blockchain Refuses to Pay Its Staff
Amy Castor on KODAKOne / KODAK ICO Blockchain Refuses to Pay Its Staff
3 – The KodakCoin ICO failed, and now everyone wants their money | Traffic.Ventures Social on KODAKOne / KODAK ICO Blockchain Refuses to Pay Its Staff
Blockchain Architect | Enterprise Architect | ICO Adviser | Speaker | Writer


The Long Journey: Religion, End of Life Care, and Medical Ethics.
Dr. Robert Potter is an esteemed medical doctor, medical ethicist, and pioneer in palliative care. And yet, he will be the first to claim that the patient—not the doctor—is the only expert in the room. Perhaps that is in part why Dr. Potter is an expert: he realizes his limitations as a care giver, and must defer to the patient as being better versed in the field of suffering. Please listen as Dr. Potter shares with students in my world religions course how they should affirm people's human dignity and attend to the needs of the dying, no matter the religion. A compassionate, holistic form of medicine and religion is on display, as he shares and interacts with my class. Enjoy!


text:
Solomon Paul, known as Dareysteel, he is also known as Golongolo Master, (sometimes stylized as DareySteel), is a Spanish rapper, singer-songwriter, recording artist,  performer, and Record producer .

Early life
He was born in Jesse, Delta State of Nigeria and lived in Anambra State before moving to Seville Spain later becoming a Spanish national. He started out with music at age 12, but has made a living being a musician and a producer in Spain since 1998.

Music career and success

Dareysteel released his debut single on promotional Mixtapes selections in Madrid in 2003, but has gotten most attention for his single "Boom Boom", released in January 2014 in the US and several European countries, and appearing in several charts. Dareysteel came into limelight following the release of his singles "Boom Boom", "Shake ya Booty", "Celebration", "Golongolo", and "Fly Higher", which received significant airplay. The "Celebration" song video was featured on Top40-Charts. Dareysteel has been described by Vanguard as "one of the world's most relevant singers". Upon releasing the single "Celebration" from the album Unstoppable, he announced that he will donate 50% of the income from his album sales to various charity organizations "in support of the homeless people and motherless babies".

In the first week of April 2015, Dareysteel released a new single, "Pump it Up", along with "Get Down on the Floor", "Hold On", "How Come", and "Murder", in which he talks against violence, war, and crime in Africa and the rest of the world. Dareysteel album singles were featured on Charts in France Pure Charts the first week of the album release.

In 2016, Dareysteel released the albums Unbreakable (March 2016) and Man of the Year (May 2016); both albums and songs were featured on Charts in France Pure Charts. Dareysteel equally sees music as a powerful tool that can be used to fight injustice and bring about positive change to society.

In the second week of July 2018, Dareysteel released the album, Untouchable.
On January 1, 2020, he released the singles "Invisible", "Mariana", and "I Love Your Body". On January 2, 2021, he released the album Uplifted.

Discography

Studio albums
 Dangerous (2012)
 Unstoppable (2015)
 Unbreakable (2016)
 Man of the Year (2016)
 Untouchable (2018)
 Uplifted (2021)

Singles

See also
 List of Spanish musicians
 Spanish hip hop
 List of bands from Spain
 Music of Spain
 List of hip hop musicians

References

External links
Dareysteel on AllMusic

Living people
1975 births
Spanish male rappers
Hip hop singers
Spanish songwriters
Nigerian emigrants to Spain
People from Delta State
Nigerian songwriters
English-language singers from Spain
Spanish male singers
Nigerian male rappers
People_from_Seville


Central air conditioning is installed in many new homes that lie in areas that see intense heat and or humidity. Stepping into an air conditioned home from a muggy 90-degree day is indeed a relief. If you have an older home and have been using window units, a central A/C unit would be big improvement, for both convenience and efficiency.
Central air conditioners are often more economical to run than many separate units installed in many rooms. The convenience comes with avoiding the seasonal installation and removal of these window units. If your home has a central forced air heating system, the installation of central air is a relatively easy task because the duct work and air handling fans that distribute the air are already in place. Adding a cooling coil into the existing air handling system saves the expense of a new or secondary air handler. Homes that have baseboard, radiant and other ductless systems will require a more involved A/C installation. If your home falls into this latter category, there are other options available that may prove less costly or intrusive to install.
Conditioned air is air that has been "conditioned" this usually means that it has been cooled down. When air is cooled it also loses a lot of its humidity or moisture by the process of condensation. Lower levels of humidity in conditioned air allow our bodies natural cooling process of perspiration / evaporation to be more effective, and therefore make us feel cooler. Basic laws of physics and thermodynamics control how this whole process happens.
Some people wrongly believe that air conditioners and refrigerators "make cold", while in fact, they move heat from one place to another. In a refrigerator you can feel the heat that is removed from the inside by placing your hand near the outlet vent. In air conditioning, an evaporator coil removes the heat from the air that flows through it, this heat is then released somewhere else by a condensing coil. In split systems this condensing coil is usually located outside the home. Locating the condensing coil outside also minimizes the noise that accompanies the compressors and fans that these systems require.
If your home is one that lacks a central forced air heating system, A/C can still be installed, it is just going to entail more work and expense. These costs will vary by the configuration of your home. Single story homes can be readily equipped from the attic, basement or crawlspace if present. Multi-story homes may need more complex ductwork to span the different levels or have redundant systems installed to be served from multiple areas. Obviously the more intrusive the work the greater the cost. The backs of closets often provide a "chase" that is used for running ductwork from a basement to a second floor. A large portion of the expense of these installations comes from new air-handling systems that are already present in existing forced air-heating systems.
Retrofitting an older home can be complex. One alternative to a central system may be installing fixed wall units in just a few rooms. These work much like a window unit but do not need to be installed and removed each season.
Cost for these systems run about $2500 per room, a central system can run $7000 to $8000 for a typical 3-bedroom home. Costs can vary by region so check with your local installers for your location. Designing your project based on costs, and impact to your home is something to do first. Ceiling fans by comparison are quite economical, with costs around $50 to $200. Home design can also play a role in heating and cooling, in the desert South West, adobe homes, which have been around for centuries, are naturally cool compared to other buildings. Super-insulated homes, earth sheltered and earth-bermed homes also have lower cooling requirements and may be completely passive in their cooling design. Evaporative coolers and whole house fans are other low cost options.
Should you retrofit this fall?
Ancient Romans ran cool water from aqueducts through the walls of some buildings to keep them cool. In more modern times people sat in front of fans and sipped iced lemonade to stay cool. When I was a kid growing up in the Midwest, we used to hide out in the basement in our home that lacked A/C to stay cool. Here in Colorado, at 8500 feet, it rarely gets so hot that AC is needed, so we get by with a few open windows and ceiling fans. The cooling choices you make should reflect your home, your budget, and your lifestyle.


Lawmakers held the impromptu demonstration the day after Trump's decision. They also burned a piece of paper representing the nuclear deal.
However, the demonstration reflected public anger in Iran after Trump's decision.
Parliament speaker Ali Larijani said Iran could return to its nuclear program but would hold off at first on withdrawing from the nuclear pact.
"With a national consensus, we will give the US and Zionists a response that they will regret," he said, according to the semi-official Mehr news agency.
Larijani also called Trump an "egotistical and amateurish politician," for exiting the deal.
"Trump does not have the mental capacity to deal with issues," Larijani said according to Reuters, citing Mizan, the website of the Iranian judiciary.
Several dozen deputies joined them in shouting "Death to America", a favoured slogan of Iranian conservatives.
"Be careful not to burn down the parliament," speaker Ali Larijani said from the podium.
Iranian officials have condemned Trump's decision to pull out of the 2015 deal, which had lifted sanctions in exchange for curbs to Iran's nuclear programme.


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Фла́вий Вале́рий Авре́лий Константи́н, Константи́н I, Константи́н Вели́кий (; 27 февраля 272, Наисс, Мёзия — 22 мая 337, Никомедия) — римский император с 306 по 337 год. После смерти отца, в 306 году, был провозглашён войском августом, после победы над Максенцием в 312 году в битве у Мульвийского моста и над Лицинием в 324 стал единственным полновластным правителем римского государства; сделал христианство господствующей религией, в 330 году перенёс столицу государства в Византий, в дальнейшем переименованный им в свою честь (Константинополь), организовал новое государственное устройство. С именем Константина I связано окончательное установление в Римской империи системы домината, то есть неограниченной власти императора. Монарх стал пользоваться невиданными до того почестями. Константин почитается некоторыми христианскими церквями как святой в лике равноапостольных (Святой Равноапостольный царь Константин). В то же время Римско-католическая церковь долго не включала его имя в список своих святых, но после Брестской унии имя Константина вошло в список святых Католической церкви, он почитается в настоящее время как святой в лике равноапостольных, память 21 мая или 3 июня в храмах, использующих восточный обряд.

Сам Константин принял крещение только на смертном одре.

Семья

Константин (Флавий Валерий Аврелий Константин) родился в провинции Верхняя Мёзия в городе Наиссе (современный Ниш в Сербии) 27 февраля около 272 года (точный год рождения не установлен). Отцом Константина был Констанций I Хлор (Флавий Валерий Констанций Хлор), впоследствии провозглашённый цезарем, а матерью — его сожительница (конкубина) — христианка Елена, происходившая из простой семьи (она была дочерью трактирщика из Вифинии). Согласно историку Евтропию, Констанций был «мужем великим и доброжелательности величайшей», поэтому отличался терпимостью к христианам. Впоследствии Констанцию Хлору пришлось разойтись с ней и жениться на падчерице императора Августа Максимиана Геркулия Феодоре. При этом Елена продолжала занимать видное место при дворе сначала своего бывшего мужа, а затем и сына. В результате этого брака у Константина оказалось три единокровных брата (Далмаций Старший, Юлий Констанций, Аннибалиан) и три единокровных сестры (Анастасия, Констанция I, Евтропия II). В ранней молодости Константин служил в армии при Диоклетиане в Никомедии, участвовал в походах в Персию и Египет.

Борьба за власть

В 285 году император Диоклетиан утвердил новую систему управления империей, согласно которой у власти находились не один, а сразу четыре правителя, двое из которых назывались августами (старшими императорами), а двое других цезарями (младшими). Предполагалось, что спустя 20 лет правления августы отрекутся от власти в пользу цезарей, которые, в свою очередь, также должны были назначить себе преемников. В том же году Диоклетиан выбрал себе в соправители Максимиана, при этом отдав ему в управление западную часть империи, а себе оставив восток. В 293 году августы выбрали себе преемников. Одним из них стал отец Константина, Констанций, бывший тогда префектом Галлии, место другого занял Галерий, ставший впоследствии одним из жесточайших гонителей христиан. В 305 году, спустя 20 лет после установления тетрархии, оба августа подали в отставку и Констанций I Хлор с Галерием стали полноправными правителями империи (первый на западе, а второй на востоке). К этому моменту Констанций был уже очень слаб здоровьем и его соправитель надеялся на его скорую смерть. Почувствовав приближение смерти, Констанций пожелал видеть своего сына Константина, находящегося в этот момент, практически на правах заложника, в столице восточного августа Никомедии. Галерий не желал отпускать Константина к отцу, так как боялся, что воины объявят его августом, что не входило в планы императора. Он хотел подчинить себе всю империю, поставив на место Констанция своего ставленника Флавия Севера. Галерий изначально разрешил отправиться к отцу, но быстро передумал и велел остановить Константина, однако Константин уже отправился в Британию к своему отцу. Армия провозгласила Константина императором после смерти его отца Констанция I в 306 г. под Эбораком (современный город Йорк, Великобритания).

Волей-неволей Галерию пришлось смириться с этим, но под предлогом, что Константин ещё слишком молод, он признал его только цезарем. Августом же он назначил Севера. Формально Константин занимал положение подчинённого по отношению к Флавию Северу, но на самом деле это было не так. В Галлии, где находилась резиденция Константина, стояли лично ему преданные легионы, население провинции, благодаря мягкой и справедливой политике его отца, доверяло ему. Флавий Север не имел такой прочной основы.

Восстание Максенция

В 306 году в Риме случилось восстание, в ходе которого Максенций, сын отрёкшегося Максимиана, пришёл к власти. Константин охотно пошёл на соглашение с ним, пытаясь использовать его для уничтожения Флавия Севера. Пытаясь подавить восстание, Север осадил Рим, но взять его не смог и отступил в хорошо укреплённую Равенну. Максимиан, вернувшийся к власти после провозглашения сына цезарем, пошёл на хитрость. Он убедил Севера, что среди его приближённых против него составлен заговор, и если он сдастся на милость Максимиану, ему сохранят жизнь. Когда Север сдался, его привезли в Рим и заставили покончить с собой. После его гибели сам император Галерий пытался подавить восстание. Он вторгся в Италию, однако ничего не смог сделать с неприступными твердынями Рима и Равенны. В 308 году взамен Севера он объявил августом Запада Лициния, который реально контролировал лишь балканские провинции. В этом же году цезарь Максимин Даза объявил себя августом, и Галерию пришлось присвоить Константину такой же титул (так как до этого они оба были цезарями). Таким образом в 308 году империя оказалась под властью сразу 5 полноправных правителей, каждый из которых не подчинялся другому.

Заговор Максимиана

Вскоре Максимиан, не желавший делить власть с сыном, покинул Рим и отправился в Арелат (современный Арль во Франции) к Константину, который приходился ему зятем. В 310 году Максимиан, живший на положении частного лица в Арелате, распустил слухи о его смерти и захватил власть. Но большая часть армии осталась верна Константину, который в этот момент был в походе против франков. Вскоре услышав о восстании, он быстро вернулся. Максимиан бежал в Массилию, но местные жители открыли ворота войскам Константина. Максимиан был приговорён к смерти, ему было разрешено выбрать способ самоубийства, и он повесился. После смерти Максимиана его имя было стёрто из всех надписей, а изображения уничтожены.

Война с Максенцием и видение креста

В 312 году теперь уже Константин двинул свои войска против Максенция, чья власть к тому времени выродилась в жестокую тиранию. Порочный и праздный, он задавливал народ непосильными налогами, доходы от которых тратил на пышные празднества и грандиозные строительства. Однако он обладал большим войском, состоящим из гвардии преторианцев, а также мавров и италиков. В нескольких сражениях Константин разгромил силы Максенция, который в этот момент давал в Риме игры в честь своего дня рождения. Когда войска Константина стояли уже у самого города Рима, он встретился с противником у Мульвийского моста, но войска того обратились в бегство, а сам он, поддавшись страху, бросился к разрушенному мосту и утонул в Тибре. Константин приказал выловить тело Максенция и отрубить ему голову. 28 октября 312 года Константин торжественно вступил в Рим с головой Максенция. В честь этой победы в столице была поставлена грандиозная арка Константина.

Согласно легенде, во сне перед битвой Константину было видение креста и он услышал голос произносящий «Hoc vince» (ст.-слав. «Сим победиши»). Константин впервые приказывает изготовить лабарум.

Но в империи оставалось ещё двое августов. Это были Максимин Даза и Лициний — ставленники Галерия (сам он к тому времени уже умер).

Война с Лицинием
В 313 году Максимин Даза был побеждён Лицинием, который присоединил его владения к своим. Таким образом Лициний стал правителем большей части империи, включающей в себя всю Азию, Египет и балканские провинции, Константину же оставались Галлия, Италия, Африка и Испания. В 314 году войска обоих августов встретились. Лициний потерпел поражение и по мирному договору отдавал победителю Паннонию, Далмацию, Дакию, Македонию и Грецию. Однако спустя 10 лет в 324 году их войска опять сошлись, и в решительном сражении у города Адрианополя во Фракии Константин опять одержал победу. Лициний бежал в хорошо укреплённую Никомедию. После побед в морском бою у Геллеспонта и в сухопутном у Хризополиса Константин предложил ему отречься от власти в обмен на сохранение жизни. Лициний согласился. 18 сентября 324 года Константин был официально объявлен единым правителем империи. Лициния выслали в Фессалоники. Иордан сообщает, что Лициния убили восставшие готы. Евтропий сообщает о том, что Лициний, являясь уже частным лицом, был убит в Фессалониках Константином, вопреки клятве последнего. Аврелий Виктор сообщает о том, что Константин приказал задушить Лициния и вместе с ним Мартиниана.

Правление Константина

Административная политика
Став полновластным правителем империи, Константин продолжил политику Диоклетиана по закреплению свободных земледельцев за их землёй, при этом сильно возросли налоги, так как государству нужны были средства на восстановление империи после 20 лет гражданских войн. Кроме того, Константин развил бурную строительную деятельность, что также требовало дополнительных затрат. Государство было разделено Константином на 4 округа: Восток, Иллирию, Италию и Галлию, которые делились на более мелкие административные единицы — диоцезы. Он также учредил государственный совет при императоре — консисторий. При Константине продолжилась дальнейшая варваризация армии.

Также Константин в 314—324 годах провёл монетную реформу, которая была усовершенствованием денежной реформы, проведённой в 296 году императором Диоклетианом.

Религиозная политика

В начале своего правления Константин, как и все предыдущие императоры, был язычником. По вопросу причин принятия христианства существуют разные версии.

Чудесные видения
В соответствии с версией Евсевия Кесарийского, во время войны с Максенцием Константину во сне явился Христос, который повелел начертать на щитах и знамёнах своего войска греческие буквы ΧΡ, а на следующий день Константин увидел в небе видение креста и услышал голос, говорящий: «Сим победиши!». Это знамя привело Константина к победе в сражении у Мульвийского моста и обратило его к новой вере.

Убийство Криспа и Фаусты
По версии византийского историка V века Зосима, автора «Новой истории», настроенного антихристиански, переход в новую религию был вызван желанием Константина избежать мести богов за убийство жены и сына. Уже будучи императором, Константин убил свою молодую жену Фаусту и сына от прежнего брака Криспа, заподозрив их в любовной связи (См. также ниже ). Мучимый совестью, Константин опасался мести богов Олимпа, подобной той, которая за подобное преступление постигла мифического царя Тантала. Созванные на совет языческие жрецы единодушно пришли к выводу, что такое преступление нельзя искупить. Исключение составил последователь христианства, заверивший императора, что христианский Бог прощает даже самые тяжкие грехи. По мнению Зосима, именно это обстоятельство послужило причиной отмены политики Диоклетиана, что положило конец гонениям на христиан и принятию христианства в качестве государственной религии Римской империи.

Положение христианства после 313 года
Так или иначе, Константин настоял на принятии свободы вероисповедания (см. Миланский эдикт). Христианство стало обретать статус государственной религии: эдиктом 313 года на имя Анулина, проконсула Африки, он освободил от податей и повинностей «клириков кафолической церкви, в которой предстоятельствует Цецилиан», в том же 313 году он созвал собор в Риме под председательством папы Мельхиадa, чтобы решить спор донатистов с карфагенским епископом Цецилианом. На соборе было принято решение против донатистов, которые апеллировали к Константину; в результате по его указу епископы-донатисты были приговорены к изгнанию, их церкви — конфискованы.

Эдикт 313 года об освобождении от податей церкви Цецилиана был продолжен законом 319 года, которым он освободил церкви и клир от налогов и общественных повинностей. Законом 321 года утвердил за церквями право приобретать недвижимое имущество и владеть им. По всей империи возводились христианские храмы, подчас для их возведения разбирались храмы языческие, ряд известных языческих храмов был разрушен по велению Константина.

Предоставляя христианству особый статус и поддерживая церковь, Константин активно вмешивался в церковные дела, добиваясь единства кафолической (от  — всеобщей) церкви как условия единства империи и выступая арбитром в межцерковных спорах. Когда между александрийскими священником Арием и епископом Александром разгорелся тринитарный спор, грозивший церковным расколом, Константин созвал Никейский Собор 325 года, на котором поддержал сторонников Александра против ариан. На этом же соборе Константин заявил епископам «Вы — епископы внутренних дел церкви, я — поставленный от Бога епископ внешних дел» (). На соборе арианство было осуждено, указами Константина Арий и ряд арианских епископов были сосланы. Впоследствии Константин поддержал арианство, и Тирским Собором был осуждён Афанасий Великий.

Примерно в 332 году Константин издаёт эдикт о разрушении языческих храмов, который, судя по всему, не был приведён в исполнение.

Константин принял крещение перед смертью от арианского епископа Евсевия Никомедийского, при этом он сам уклонился в арианское учение, после чего начались расхищения храмов и церковные раздоры.

Возведение Константинополя

К IV веку город Рим перестал быть резиденцией императоров. В условиях постоянной опасности внешнего вторжения правитель должен был находиться ближе к границам империи. С этой точки зрения расположение столицы было неудобно. Поэтому, начиная с Диоклетиана, императоры располагали свои резиденции в городах более отвечающим стратегическим целям обороны государства. Такими местами были Трир в Германии, Никомедия в Малой Азии, Аквилея и Милан в Северной Италии. Константин не был исключением из этого правила. Первый раз он посетил Рим после победы над Максенцием, впоследствии побывав там только два раза. Константин загорелся мечтой создать новую столицу, которая символизировала бы начало новой эпохи в истории Рима. Основой для будущего города послужил древний греческий город Византий, расположенный на европейском побережье Босфора. Старый город был расширен и окружён неприступными крепостными стенами. В нём возводятся ипподром и множество храмов, как христианских, так и языческих. Со всей империи в Византий свозились произведения искусства: картины, скульптуры.
Строительство началось в 324 году, и спустя 6 лет, 11 мая 330 года, Константин официально перенёс столицу Римской империи в Византий и нарёк его Новым Римом (, ), однако это название вскоре было забыто и уже при жизни императора город стали называть Константинополем.

Казнь Криспа и Фаусты
В начале лета 326 года сын Константина Крисп (Флавий Юлий Крисп) был схвачен и казнён по приказу своего отца-императора, вместе с ним Константин казнил и своего племянника, юношу Лициниана. Причины этого достоверно не известны. Вероятно, это произошло из-за наветов мачехи Криспа Фаусты, пытавшейся расчистить дорогу к трону своим сыновьям: она обвинила Криспа в том, что он пытался её изнасиловать, и подкупила нескольких сенаторов, чтобы они подтвердили это. Но уже через месяц после казни сына Константин, видимо, раскрыв обман жены, велел запереть её в бане, где она задохнулась от жара. Как сообщает Евтропий, Константин казнил многих своих друзей в это время.

По мнению византийского хрониста Зосима, именно казнь Криспа и Фаусты послужила причиной перехода Константина в христианство(см. выше ).

Последние годы и смерть
5 июля 328 император лично открывает «Константинов мост» через Дунай в Суцидаве в Дакии, который стал самым длинным речным мостом древности. Его общая протяжённость составляла 2437 метров, из которых 1137 метров проходили над Дунаем. Ширина моста составляла 5,7 метров, а высота над уровнем реки — 10 метров. В планах Константина было возвращение Дакии, которая была оставлена ещё в 271 году при императоре Аврелиане.

В 332 году Константин провёл совместную с сарматами войну против готов. Вестготы под предводительством Ариариха вышли из Ойума и стали продвигаться на территории сарматов в Дакии. Сарматы попросили у Константина помощь, и 20 апреля 332 года римская армия под предводительством его сына Константина II разбила варваров, уничтожив «голодом и холодом» около 100 000 варваров. В 334 сарматы устраивают переворот против своих лидеров и тогда Константин начинает войну уже с сарматами. Разбив их войска Константин расселяет часть выживших в Иллирии в качестве крестьян, а других забирает в свою армию. Поселенные в определённых землях варвары, известные как колоны, стали прообразом крепостных крестьян, так как не имели права покидать обрабатываемую ими землю. В 336 году Константин получает титул Dacicus maximus.

После успехов в Дакии, Константин планирует начать войну с Сасанидской Персией. В 338 году заканчивал действие Нисибисский мирный договор и обе страны готовились к войне. Константин пишет письмо шахиншаху Шапуру II, в котором говорит о своём покровительстве персидских христиан и требует прекратить притеснения, которые начались после принятия Римом христианства как официальной религии. Константин планировал принять крещение в реке Иордан перед тем как войти на территорию Персии, но он заболел весной 337 года.

Видимо осознавая скорую кончину Константин тайно приготовил себе место для погребения в Храме Святых Апостолов. Но после пасхи 337 года он почувствовал себя хуже и отправился в Еленополис пользоваться ваннами. Вначале он лечился в банях Никомедии, затем прибег к горячим источникам Дрепана, после чего поселился на своей столичной вилле Анкирона, куда призвал нескольких арианских епископов, включая Евсевия Никомедийского, для принятия крещения. Собрав епископов, он признался, что мечтал принять крещение в водах Иордана, но по воле Божьей принимает его здесь. Но, почувствовав себя хуже, Константин велел перевезти себя в Никомедию, где его крестил Евсевий Никомедийский 22 мая 337 года. После смерти Константин Великий был похоронен в Храме Святых Апостолов.

Итоги правления Константина

Константина можно назвать первым христианским императором, при котором произошёл перелом в жизни христиан. Язычество отошло на второй план. Историки христианства, восхищавшиеся его деяниями, называют его Константином Великим, но, как бы ни был могущественен император, он не мог остановить упадок империи. Дальнейшая история Римской империи рассматривается как «христианская». При нём столицей стал город Византий, впоследствии переименованный в Константинополь.

Оценка личности Константина

«Константинов дар»

«Константиновым даром» именовалась грамота, якобы выданная императором Константином Великим папе Сильвестру, в которой император объявлял, что передаёт папе власть над всей западной частью Римской империи, сам же удаляется в Константинополь. Грамота была сфабрикована в папской курии около середины VIII века для обоснования возникшей светской власти пап и в особенности их притязаний на верховенство над мирскими властями на Западе. Первые сомнения насчёт подлинности документа возникли ещё в Средневековье. Окончательно доказал факт подлога итальянский гуманист Лоренцо делла Валла в сочинении «О даре Константина» (1440), опубликованном в 1517 году.

Память

Церковное почитание
За свою деятельность по распространению христианства Константин вместе со своею матерью Еленою канонизирован в лике равноапостольных.
Память святого равноапостольного Константина совершается:
 в православной церкви — , в поместных православных церквах, использующих юлианский календарь; 21 мая, в поместных православных церквах, использующих новоюлианский календарь;
 в католической церкви — 21 мая или 3 июня.

Отражение в искусстве

В кино
 Константин Великий (фильм) (1961)
 Древний Рим: Расцвет и падение империи (2006) (докудрама, мини-сериал, эпизод 5 «Константин»)
 Рим: Расцвет и гибель империи (2008) (докудрама, сериал, эпизод 10 «Константин Великий»)

В литературе
 Ивлин Во. «Елена», роман; ISBN 978-5-17-067865-6, ISBN 978-5-271-30295-4.

Примечания

Литература

 Буркхард Я. Век Константина Великого. М., 2003. ISBN 5-9524-0395-6.
 Гиббон Э. История упадка и разрушения Римской империи. Часть II. М., 1883. (Переиздание: СПб.: Наука, Ювента, 1997. Т. II. Серия «Историческая библиотека»; ISBN 5-02-026761-9), (Константину посвящены главы XVI—XXI).
 Бейкер Дж. Константин Великий. Первый христианский император. М., 2004. ISBN 5-9524-0842-7.
 Керенский В. А. Литература о св. Константине Великом. Казань, 1913.
 Бриллиантов А. И. Император Константин Великий и Миланский эдикт 313 года. Пг., 1916.
 Ведешкин М. А. Правовой статус язычников и языческих культов в Римской империи IV—VI вв.: законодательство и практика (рус.) // Император Юлиан. Полное собрание творений. Спб.: Квадривиум,. — 2016. — С. 751—754.
 Каждан А. П. От Христа к Константину. М., 1965.
 Евсевий Памфил. Жизнь блаженного василевса Константина. М., 1998.
 Скворцов К. В. «Константин Великий». Драма, история христианства в Византии. В кн. «Сим победиши», М., 2010. ISBN 978-5-8402-0206-7.

Ссылки

 Собрание материалов о Константине Великом, а также тексты его посланий
 Константин Великий — римский император (передача «Всё так» на Эхо Москвы, 18.07.2009)
 К. А. Филатов. Жизнь Константина Великого (биографический очерк)

Святые по алфавиту
Христианские святые IV века
Равноапостольные
Канонизированные императоры
Святые Единой Церкви
Династия Константина

Персоналии:Христианский антииудаизм


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