Medical geneticists are giving genome sequencing its first big test in the clinic by applying it to some of their most baffling cases. By the end of this year, hundreds of children with unexplained forms of intellectual disability and developmental delay will have had their genomes decoded as part of the first large-scale, national clinical sequencing projects.
These programs, which were discussed last month at a rare-diseases conference hosted by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute near Cambridge, UK, aim to provide a genetic diagnosis that could end years of uncertainty about a child's disability. In the longer term, they could provide crucial data that will underpin efforts to develop therapies. The projects are also highlighting the logistical and ethical challenges of bringing genome sequencing to the consulting room. "The overarching theme is that genome-based diagnosis is now hitting mainstream medicine," says Han Brunner, a medical geneticist at the Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre in the Netherlands, who leads one of the projects.
About 2% of children experience some form of intellectual disability. Many have disorders such as Down's syndrome and fragile X syndrome, which are linked to known genetic abnormalities and so are easily diagnosed. Others have experienced environmental risk factors, such as fetal alcohol exposure, that rule out a simple genetic explanation. However, a large proportion of intellectual disability cases are thought to be the work of single, as-yet-unidentified mutations.
Scientists estimate that about 1,000 genes are involved in the function of the healthy brain. "There are so many genes that can go wrong and give you intellectual disability," says André Reis, a medical geneticist at Erlangen University Hospital in Germany. Reis's group, the German Mental Retardation Network, has already sequenced the exomes — the 1–2% of the genome that contains instructions for building proteins — of about 50 patients with severe intellectual disability.
Joining the hunt is a UK-based program called Deciphering Developmental Disorders, which expects to sequence 1,000 exomes by the year's end, with an ultimate goal of diagnosing up to 12,000 British children with developmental delay. A Canadian project called FORGE (finding of rare disease genes) aims to sequence children and families with 200 different disorders this year. And in the United States, the National Human Genome Research Institute in Bethesda, Maryland, recently funded three Mendelian Disorders Sequencing Centers that will apply genome sequencing to diagnosing thousands of patients with a wider range of rare diseases, including intellectual disability and developmental delay.
Early results are coming in from Brunner's team, which has already sequenced about 100 exomes of children with intellectual disability. By comparing the children's exomes with those of the parents, the researchers have identified new mutations — potential causes of the disorder — in as many as 40% of the cases. The other programs are having similar success at making possible genetic diagnoses.
In most cases, identifying mutations will not point to medical treatments, let alone cures. But scientists say the importance of a diagnosis should not be discounted. "Parents have been struggling with the delay of their children for years. They have gone from one doctor to the next, had all kinds of tests done on their children looking for an explanation," Reis says. Knowing that the mutation causing a child's intellectual disability is new rather than inherited can also reassure parents that other children they conceive are unlikely to have the same disease.
Treatments could eventually follow. The projects are guiding research in mice, zebrafish and fruitflies, with the goal of unpicking the mechanisms of mental disorders. But it will undoubtedly be a long time before any potential therapies are tried in humans: an early-stage clinical trial of a drug to treat fragile X syndrome, for example, was published last year (S. Jacquemont et al. Sci. Transl. Med. 3, 64ra1; 2011), some two decades after the gene underlying the condition, FMR1, was identified.
The work is also throwing up a fresh challenge: how can scientists be sure that a specific mutation is the cause of a particular form of mental disability? "It's not clear what is the threshold of evidence at which you can say this is the causal variant in this patient," says Daniel MacArthur, a geneticist at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. In a recent Science paper, his team estimated that the average healthy genome contains about 100 gene-disabling mutations. Such 'background noise' could lead scientists astray in their hunt for causal mutations.
Brunner says that about half of the mutations his team has identified have previously been seen in other patients with similar forms of intellectual disability, offering enough assurance to make a diagnosis. Circumstantial evidence, such as indications that the mutation disrupts a gene expressed in the brains of animals, ties the other half of the mutations to intellectual disability. But making a solid case often requires identifying second, third and fourth patients with similar mutations and symptoms.
Scientists are already forging these connections on an informal basis. At the Sanger Institute meeting, several groups reported mutations in a gene called ARID1B in patients with intellectual disability. James Lupski, a medical geneticist at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas, says that when his team identifies a potentially disease-causing mutation in a patient genome, he e-mails other scientists to see whether they have found similar mutations.
But researchers agree that they need a more formalized way to make these connections. To that end, the US National Center for Biotechnology Information in Bethesda is developing a database, ClinVar, to integrate clinical and genetic data; others, such as DECIPHER, run by the Sanger Institute, handle genetic data such as chromosome rearrangements that can disrupt genes.
The first clinical sequencing projects are also grappling with what they should or shouldn't tell patients. "We don't want people coming into our clinic for intellectual disability and coming out with a cancer gene; this is not what they came for," says Reis.
Brunner's team once had to face just that situation. The researchers identified a mutation in a gene in one patient that could increase the risk of colon cancer as an adult. The project's ethical review board had determined that if families wanted to know of mutations potentially underlying a child's intellectual disability, they must also be willing to receive such incidental findings, and so the child's parents were told. But clinical sequencing projects vary in their approach to incidental results. For the time being, Deciphering Developmental Disorders will not inform families about such findings. For FORGE Canada, the policy varies from province to province.
A working group convened by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics in Bethesda recently suggested drawing up a list of gene mutations that ought to be routinely reported back to patients. The list would include mutations strongly linked to conditions for which a medical intervention is available.
Scientists and clinicians hope that the lessons learned in these initial large-scale clinical sequencing projects will inform genomic medicine as it reaches more patients and moves to other specialties, such as neurology and cardiology, and even to routine health care. "If in five years time this project hasn't catalyzed the adoption of genomic technologies which have been shown to be useful, in some degree we will have failed," says Hurles.


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Jing Zeng
Jean Burgess
Axel Bruns
Home > ir16 >	Zeng
THE CHALLENGES OF WEIBO FOR DATA-DRIVEN DIGITAL MEDIA RESEARCH
Jing Zeng, Jean Burgess, Axel Bruns
Data generated via user activity on social media platforms is routinely used for research across a wide range of social sciences and humanities disciplines. The availability of data through the Twitter APIs in particular has afforded new modes of research, including in media and communication studies; however, there are practical and political issues with gaining access to such data, and with the consequences of how that access is controlled.
In their paper 'Easy Data, Hard Data', Burgess and Bruns (2015) discuss both the practical and political aspects of Twitter data as they relate to academic research, describing how communication research has been enabled, shaped and constrained by Twitter's "regimes of access" to data, the politics of data use, and emerging economies of data exchange. This conceptual model, including the 'easy data, hard data' formulation, can also be applied to Sina Weibo.
In this paper, we build on this model to explore the practical and political challenges and opportunities associated with the 'regimes of access' to Weibo data, and their consequences for digital media and communication studies. We argue that in the Chinese context, the politics of data access can be even more complicated than in the case of Twitter, which makes scientific research relying on large social data from this platform more challenging in some ways, but potentially richer and more rewarding in others.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I once joked with my boss at a fairly well known management consulting firm that I would call it quits, retire early and hie off to a coconut plantation in the middle of nowhere. I was speaking figuratively, or so I thought. Karma has a way of getting back at you when you least expect it. My two-day trip to Bicol was to return to my grandfather's neighborhood of 80 years ago. He grew up there and as he got more successful as a lawyer, he purchased more and more farmland in the neighborhood where he grew up, a town just 20-25 minutes out of Legazpi, though he never intended to move back there. Much of that land was eventually given up to several phases of land reform programs (generally huge failures, I might add) by several different administrations, but a tiny portion of the land remained in the family.
I agree with you that generally land reform is a huge failure and a waste of arable land.
Did anyone catch how tragic colonialism (more currently known as globalization) could be? Encourage the growing of one crop in one era and yanking off the carpet from under the feet of entire economies in the next by condemning tropical oils as health risk wholesale. But besides that, your pix Marketman are glipses of paradise.
Who Shall Inherit the Earth???


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Where Are the Nation's Captains?
By John Horvat|2019-06-27T11:39:31-05:00May 2nd, 2017|Categories: American Republic, Featured, John Horvat, Leadership, Virtue|
In our confusing and chaotic times, we do not need technocrats, economists, and politicians to craft their complex programs to solve our problems. We need captains who selflessly dedicate themselves to defending the common good…
Traveling by air these days can be stressful. It is increasingly difficult to go on a trip without some incident happening like the recent tussle on United Airlines Flight 3411. More often, however, flights are being canceled or delayed due to mechanical or weather problems. This can lead to hours of waiting at the gates compounded by the constant uncertainty about what is going on. However, enduring these incidents can be a real lesson about society in general.
I experienced two flights during a recent trip that displayed opposite ways of dealing with problems. It got me thinking about what is needed in times of crises on a larger scale.
A Slight Delay Becomes a Nightmare
The first incident was a short one-hour flight that would generally present few problems. This particular six o'clock flight was due to arrive at its destination at seven. The trouble began with a short half-hour delay. Apparently, there was a small mechanical problem that needed to be fixed and would only take a short while to remedy.
The short while soon became a long delay as problems compounded. One hour, two hours, three hours passed and we waited. Waiting is always difficult, but the worst thing was the unknown. No one seemed to know what was going on or at least would not tell us. We were left in the dark. The personnel at the desk, although polite, were hardly reassuring.
The situation started to get ugly when the captain and crew inexplicably walked out of the plane and left the scene. We did not know why they left but later figured out they had timed out their hours and by law could not fly. It was later announced that another plane had been found and that all were instructed to scramble over to another gate in the next terminal.
There was no plane at the next terminal. Passengers started to get angry and confront the poor airline representative left at the desk. People began to make problems and create scenes. No one seemed to be in charge. A plane finally arrived, but then we were told that the pilots and crew had been called to the airport and not arrive for another hour. After a time of chaos and confusion, the plane took off after midnight. An hour later, we landed, and our nightmare was over.
A Similar Situation Develops
I would have typically dismissed the incident as just another misadventure that has become part of traveling in these times. However, my next flight a few days later provided such a marked contrast that it helped me see a larger picture.
On this second occasion, the three-hour flight was slightly delayed because of weather problems. However, we soon boarded the plane, and everybody took their seats. We were all ready to leave the gate when the captain announced that there would be a delay because the tower at the destination would not give him permission to land.
Such an announcement hardly pleased the passengers that were cooped up in the plane. Everyone started to get a bit edgy with the news and the prospect of spending an hour or more at the gate.
But then something unexpected happened. It astonished me.
A Commanding Presence Reassures
As I looked down the aisle, I saw the figure of the captain. He was slowly making his way to the back of the plane explaining to everyone what was happening. He would stop and answer any questions and reassure everyone that he was doing his best to get this plane in the air. He was clearly in charge.
After returning to the cockpit, everyone waited. The pilot then made another announcement that the plane would be even further delayed. For a second time, he went down the aisle answering questions and reassuring passengers. The atmosphere aboard the plane was calm. People were not upset or angry. The captain's prompt actions and commanding presence put them all at ease.
Later the captain made an announcement that by law everyone had to leave the cabin and stretch their legs, which everyone considered absurd. He apologized for the inconvenience yet firmly insisted that all comply. Everyone left without problems or complaint.
Finally, we took off, and the plane landed without incident. As I was leaving the plane, I could not resist asking one of the stewardesses if the captain's going down the aisle was airline policy. She replied that it was not, but it was the way this particular captain operated. "Everyone likes to work with him. We love him," she concluded.
A Tale of Two Flights
The contrast between the two incidents could not be more glaring. Here were two crisis situations that demanded leadership. In the first instance, no one seemed to care that all protocol was being followed. In the second case, everyone felt reassured that the situation was under control. The first flight had a pilot; the second had a captain.
The captain's job is not merely to fly the plane. His role is to coordinate and harmonize the flight, dealing with whatever problems might arise, and deliver his passengers safely to the destination. The captain must connect with those under him and reassure them.
Searching for Captains
I cannot help but think that society is missing many captains today. So many go about the business of piloting and doing what is technically correct. They stay in their cockpits, so to speak, performing the task at hand. They do not go the extra mile to reassure those desperately looking for direction. Too few want to assume the responsibility of showing themselves in authority—for fear of offending others by asking people to do what they might not want to do.
We need captains everywhere today. They are sadly lacking in the family, schools, industry, politics, and religion. This is largely because people do not have a proper notion of what captains are. They think authority consists only in ordering people to do things. They do not realize it also involves unifying, reassuring and harmonizing.
Saint Thomas Aquinas defines authority as an animating and ordering intelligence, the vis regitiva that overcomes the resistance of the individual tendencies in men, organically directing and coordinating many wills toward the common good.
Thus, captains respect order and do not violate the rules, however difficult or absurd such rules might appear. Captains do not pander to those under them to please them. They do not make grand promises yet fail to mention the sacrifices needed to get the job done. Captains recognize that people need direction and act accordingly.
Above all, captains need to connect with those working with them to distil the best from them. Contrary to our egalitarian times, captains are not just "ordinary guys." They need to appear as key representative figures, visibly and reassuringly, so as to secure the cooperation and confidence of those under them. Captains selflessly dedicate themselves to defending the common good to the point that they sacrifice themselves for, and serve, those whom they command.
Indeed, in our confusing and chaotic times, we do not need technocrats, economists, and politicians to craft their complex programs to solve our problems. We need to ask: Where are the nation's captains?
Republished with gracious permission from Crisis Magazine (April 2017).
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About the Author: John Horvat
John Horvat II is a scholar, researcher, educator, international speaker, and author of the book Return to Order, as well as the author of hundreds of published essays. He lives in Spring Grove, Pennsylvania, where he is the vice president of the American Society for the Defense of Tradition, Family and Property.
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keith petersen May 3, 2017 at 11:13 am - Reply
What a great article, John. I've worked in varied engineering disciplines in electronics for the past 25 years. Your descriptions of leaders is spot on. The leader doesn't have to be a senior manager to lead. This is especially true in effective development teams. The differences is leadership are often the difference between success and failure.
I think Admiral Rickover's comment below is especially true for our government at state and federal level.
"A manager must instill in his people an attitude of personal responsibility for seeing a job properly accomplished. Unfortunately, this seems to be declining, particularly in large organizations where responsibility is broadly distributed. To complaints of a job poorly done, one often hears the excuse, 'I am not responsible.' I believe that is literally correct. The man who takes such a stand in fact is not responsible; he is irresponsible."
Adm. Hyman G. Rickover 1982
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text:
Q: Finding extremas Finding this quite tricky.
$$e^{x}(\cos(x)-\sin(x))=0$$
Solve for $x$.
This is an derivative of the original function: $$f(x)=e^x\cos(x)$$ And I am trying to find the extremas.

A: HINT $$f'(x)=0 \Leftrightarrow \cos x=\sin x \quad (\because e^x \neq 0) \Leftrightarrow \tan x =1$$ANSWER

 Realize $$\tan x=1 \Leftrightarrow x=n\pi+\frac{\pi}{4}$$

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The return of one of the Auckland game's most-storied rivalries headlines week six of the SAS Fox Memorial Premiership, with Otahuhu taking on Mt Albert for the first time in over a year.
With the Leopards having spent 2017 down in the second division, these sides didn't meet last season, but return in this week's livestreamed game which has coverage from 2pm tomorrow (Saturday) and kick-off at 2.30pm.
The game will also mark the first time Mt Albert Lions stalwart John Ackland has coached against his junior club at first division level, with the veteran mentor helping Otahuhu to a 3-2 start to the season which has them fifth on the ladder.
Out in east Auckland, the Howick Hornets will look to bounce back from their first loss of the season last week, when they play host to a Papakura Sea Eagles side who picked up their first points of the year in Round 5.
Glenora host the winless Richmond Bulldogs, who were denied by a last-minute penalty goal against Mt Albert last week, while Pt Chevalier head over to Walter Massey Park to take on Mangere East.
The Marist Saints sit dead last on the ladder, and are desperate for a victory at home against the Northcote Tigers, who themselves will be hurting from a 42-0 drubbing at the hands of Pt Chevalier last up.
South Auckland bragging rights go on the line this Saturday when the Otara Scorpions host the Manurewa Marlins at Ngati Otara Park.
The Marlins jumped into the Crown Lift Trucks Sharman Cup top eight with a gritty 30-24 victory over Ellerslie last week, while Otara suffered their second-consecutive defeat, going down to Bay Roskill.
This week the livestreamed second division game will see Papatoetoe take on Ellerslie at Bert Henham Park, with coverage from noon and kick-off at 12.20pm.
Papatoetoe sit dead last after three weeks, and face the 10th-placed Eagles in a match which shapes as being pivotal to their chances of turning things around in 2018.
The Mt Wellington Warriors take on the undefeated Franklin Storm, while the Northern Brothers play Waitemata, a week on from picking up their first win of the season.
Top-of-the-table Bay Roskill play host to Manukau, Hibiscus Coast are up against Ponsonby, while Pakuranga meet fourth-placed New Lynn at Ti Rakau Park.
Two of the early pacesetters in the 2018 Farrelly Photos Women's competition meet in week four, with undefeated Mt Albert and Manurewa to do battle at Fowlds Park.
Both sides come into the match fresh from a week off in Round 3, with Manurewa yet to concede a single point in 160 minutes of football this year.
Mangere East face a newly-formed Mt Wellington side, while Manukau and Ponsonby clash at Moyle Park.


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Victoria County History - Yorkshire
A History of the County of York North Riding: Volume 1
Parishes: Kirklington
A History of the County of York North Riding: Volume 1. Originally published by Victoria County History, London, 1914.
KIRKLINGTON
Cherdinton (xi cent.); Kyrtelyngton (xiii cent.).
In 1831 the ecclesiastical parish of Kirklington included the townships of Kirklington with Upsland, Howgrave, Sutton (Howgrave) and East Tanfield. These are now civil parishes. Kirklington lies low, the height above ordnance datum varying generally from 125 ft. to 150 ft., but the ground rises in a few places to 175 ft. The soil is strong loam on a subsoil of either Keuper Marl, Magnesian Limestone, or alluvium.
The area of the whole ecclesiastical parish is about 4,164 acres. The chief crops are barley, seeds and turnips, about two-fifths of the area being respectively arable and pasture land, while about one-fifth is woodland. (fn. 1) There is a railway station at Sinderby on the North Eastern railway. Leeming Lane forms the eastern boundary of the parish.
Kirklington with Upsland lies in the north of the parish. The village of Kirklington is built about an oblong green shaded by a number of fine chestnuts and sycamores and entered at each corner by lanes. The houses are generally two-storied, brick built and tiled. At the south-west end stand the church of St. Michael and the rectory, and further up the green to the north is a Primitive Methodist chapel built in 1877. The lane at the north-western extremity of the green is lined with trees, and leads a short distance down-hill and then across Healam Beck to Kirklington Hall, the residence of Mr. Wandesford, uncle of the present owner, and formerly the seat of the Wandesford family.
The house is of rubble with dressed quoins, two stories high with attics, and stands within a moat now largely filled in. The gardens are inclosed by a massive red brick wall of the 17th century, containing numerous niches, the purpose of which is uncertain. The north gable of the house fell in at the end of the 18th century, and that part has been rebuilt in an unsatisfactory manner, but the external walls are largely intact and the southern end remains untouched. It is rectangular on plan, with wings projecting to the westward at the north and south ends. The entrance, however, is in the centre of the side opposite these projections and fronts east. This side is fitted with modern sash windows and retains no ancient features. The original south wing dates from about 1570, and is finished with a gable with moulded copings and pinnacles at the apex and bases. The pinnacles have octagonal wreathed shafts and moulded capitals and bases. A similar gable rises at the south end of the house. The windows to the wing are of three lights each, with stone mullions, that in the gable being transomed. The west or garden front with the exception of this wing has been much altered, but retains two stone chimney stacks resting on corbels, one of which is original to the top, having a square shaft of ashlar and an embattled capping. Another chimney stack of two coupled shafts and similar character remains on the south wing. The northern wing has been despoiled of its parapets and stone windows, and is now bare and uninteresting.
The interior of the house contains two rooms of interest. The drawing room at the south-east angle of the first floor is an exceedingly handsome example of Elizabethan work. Round the room runs a richly modelled plaster frieze with escallops, pomegranates and grotesque animals in great variety. It bears also the initials [W C E] with a fleur de lis for Sir Christopher Wandesford (died 1590) and Elizabeth (Bowes) his wife. Below the frieze the walls are panelled and divided into bays by fluted pilasters, each panel having an arched enrichment. The fireplace has an elaborately carved overmantel, flanked by fluted pilasters, and having a large shield in the centre encircled with the garter with supporters on either side. It bears the quartered coat of Hastings Earls of Huntingdon, and is probably that of Henry third earl (died 1595). The rich plaster ceiling is divided by moulded ribs into geometrical panels, with five pendants. Each panel is enriched with pomegranates, salamanders, escallops and other designs, with four coats of arms which have been recently coloured. There are two shields of Wandesford impaling Bowes. The other two are the arms of Wandesford quartering Musters, Colvile, Norton, Fulthorpe and Bland. The crest is a church proper, the spire azure. Opening out of this room is a small closet. The smoking room to the north of the drawing room is fitted with panelling of the time of Charles II with a deep wooden cornice. The fireplace is flanked by Jacobean Ionic pilasters. The small staircase leading to these rooms has a solid newel wall and early 18th-century balusters.
North of Kirklington Hall is Yarnwick Garth, in which is the southern extremity of earthworks connected with the series round Camp Hill in Carthorpe (q.v.). The barrow known as Stapley Hill, half a mile east of the village, was opened in 1903, and the arms and other objects recovered are preserved in the village reading-room. (fn. 2) The Healam Beck flows through the parish in an easterly direction towards the village and forms the mill race, then flowing northwards it forms the boundary line between Kirklington and Carthorpe. Upsland is in the southwest corner of the parish and consists of one or two farm-houses, near which are the remains of a moat.
Howgrave Hall, the former home of the Bendlowes, stood on the north-west of Sutton Howgrave hamlet, which lies to the south-west of Kirklington. The existing house is a fragment only of the original late 17th-century building, and has been lowered in height and covered with rough-cast. The southern end, however, retains its moulded string-course and rusticated angles, and an old round-headed doorway is refixed in the east side. To the north-west of the house stands a red brick two-storied building, now a barn, of similar or earlier date. The gable ends are shaped and pedimented, and were formerly ornamented with stone balls. The brick cornice to the eaves is five courses high, and between the stories is a moulded string. The upper floor was lighted by four windows on the south side with eared brick architraves, and the building appears to have once served as a banquetinghouse. Old red brick and stone walls inclose a considerable garden area, and on the north are two handsome rusticated gate piers. The field to the south of the house also shows traces of extensive terraces and gardens in that direction.
To the south lies the small village of Sutton Howgrave, consisting of a Wesleyan Methodist chapel and a few houses. The village is connected with the road to Kirklington by Lythe Bank, which passes Brunskay pond.
The villages of Yarnwick and East Tanfield have been long depopulated. The former had disappeared before the reign of Henry VIII (fn. 3); the 'Towngate' of East Tanfield is still marked by well-defined banks in a field near the Ure. North of the site is the most southerly of the line of circular earthworks that stretch into the parish of West Tanfield ; there are several tumuli in the neighbourhood, and north of the earthworks is Chapel Hill, where are old marl-pits and the site of what is said to have been a chapel.
Le Utterest Exgang, Overams and Ruffy Hills occur among the early place-names found in the parish. The 'Newefelde' was among the lands of St. John of Jerusalem. (fn. 4)
In the time of Edward the Confessor Roschil had at KIRKLINGTON a 'manor' and 9 carucates; they passed at the Conquest to Count Alan, (fn. 5) with whose successors the overlordship remained. In 1086 the count's tenant was Robert de Musters, whose sons Lisois and Geoffrey succeeded him in turn. Robert son of Geoffrey confirmed grants of his grandfather to St. Mary's Abbey, York. (fn. 6) Geoffrey, (fn. 7) probably his son, was succeeded by another Robert, patron of the church in 1231. (fn. 8) John de Musters, the next lord, had a son Robert, (fn. 9) who held Kirklington in 1286–7. (fn. 10) His son William de Musters was lord of Kirklington in 1316. (fn. 11) In 1330 a dispute arose between William de Musters and Philip de Stowe and his wife Maud, widow of Robert de Musters, father of William. (fn. 12) Philip and Maud claimed the manor, which they said had been granted by William to Maud and her issue by Robert de Musters. They pleaded that Maud had been seised of the manor in the time of Edward II, but that William held it in 1329, and he replied that he only held part of the manor, as John de Musters, son of Robert, and two other tenants also held land there. William de Musters died without heirs, and his nephew John eventually succeeded as lord of Kirklington. (fn. 13) His son Henry had an only daughter Elizabeth, through whom the manor passed to the family of Wandesford. Elizabeth, who held Kirklington in the reigns of Edward III and Richard II, married first Alexander Mowbray and secondly John de Wandesford, (fn. 14) whose grandson John was in possession of Kirklington in 1436. (fn. 15) He died in 1463 and was succeeded by his son Christopher Wandesford of Kirklington. (fn. 16) Christopher's heir, Sir John Wandesford, kt., died without issue, (fn. 17) and was succeeded by his brother Thomas, who was seised of the manor at his death in 1518 and left a son and heir Christopher, then fourteen years old, but already married to Anne daughter of Sir John Norton, kt. (fn. 18) Christopher died in 1540. (fn. 19) Francis his son, a minor at his father's death, (fn. 20) died in 1559, leaving a son Christopher, (fn. 21) knighted by Elizabeth. (fn. 22) Christopher died in 1590 and was succeeded by his son George, (fn. 23) who was knighted by James I (fn. 24) and died in 1612. (fn. 25) Sir George's son Christopher is the most noted of the Wandesford family. Born in 1592, he succeeded his father just after he left Cambridge. He sat in Parliament from 1621 to 1628, became an intimate friend of Sir Thomas Wentworth, afterwards Earl of Strafford, and like him passed from resistance to the service of the Crown about 1629. He was appointed Master of the Rolls in Ireland and sworn of the Privy Council in 1633, and in 1640, when Strafford left Ireland, he became lord deputy, but died in the same year. (fn. 26) His eldest son George was drowned in the Swale unmarried, (fn. 27) and the manor of Kirklington afterwards passed to another son Christopher, who was created a baronet in 1662 and died in 1686–7. (fn. 28) His son Sir Christopher Wandesford was advanced by Queen Anne to the peerage of Ireland as Viscount Castlecomer in March 1706–7, (fn. 29) but dying in September of that year was succeeded by his son Sir Christopher Wandesford, second Viscount Castlecomer. (fn. 30) He was succeeded at his death in 1719 first by his only son Christopher, who died unmarried in 1736, and afterwards by his brother George, who was holding the manor of Kirklington in 1745, (fn. 31) and died in 1751. His son Sir John, fifth Viscount Castlecomer, was created Earl Wandesford in 1758, but the earldom expired at his death in 1784, his only son having died before him. (fn. 32) The manor descended to Lord Wandesford's daughter and heir Ann, who married John Earl of Ormonde in 1769. (fn. 33) Their fourth son Charles Harward Butler-Clarke-Southwell-Wandesford held Kirklington in 1830 (fn. 34) and died in 1860 (fn. 35); the manor descended through his third son Walter to his grandson Charles, who died unmarried in 1881. Kirklington then passed to Sarah the sister of Walter Butler - Clarke - Southwell Wandesford; she had married the Rev. John Prior in 1836, and was authorized to take the additional surname of Wandesford in 1882. (fn. 36) Mr. Richard Henry Prior-Wandesford, her grandson, now owns the manor.
Musters. Argent a bend in a border engrailed gules.
Wandesford. Or a lion azure with a forked tail.
Prior. Vert a bend ermine with three cheverons gules thereon.
In 1086 (fn. 37) Count Alan was in possession of a 'manor' and 5 carucates of land in EAST TANFIELD (Tanefeld, xi cent.; Estanfeld, xiv cent.) that had belonged to Archil; the overlordship remained with the Earls of Richmond, (fn. 38) although Eustace de Vesci claimed either the overlordship or the mesne lordship of part of East Tanfield in 1215, (fn. 39) and John de Vesci is said to have held 2 carucates there of the king in 1286–7. (fn. 40) This lordship was held by Sir Henry Clifford in the reign of Henry VII. (fn. 41) The tenant of Count Alan was Gospatric. (fn. 42) In 1243 Avis Marmion, lady of West Tanfield (q.v.), obtained a grant of free warren in her demesne lands in Tanfield, (fn. 43) and in 1286–7 she is said to have held in demesne 2 of the 8 carucates in the vill of John de Vesci, and to have exercised a mesne lordship over the remaining 6, which she held presumably of the Earl of Richmond. (fn. 44) John Marmion, grandson of Avis, obtained a charter of free warren in his demesne lands of East Tanfield in 1292. (fn. 45) The Marmion holding descended with Carthorpe (q.v.) to Elizabeth the wife of Sir Henry Fitz Hugh, kt., who was seised of the manor at her death in 1427, (fn. 46) and after this time East Tanfield followed the descent of West Tanfield (q.v.) until 1885 or 1886, when it was purchased by Mr. Thomas Nussey from the third Marquess of Ailesbury. His son Sir Willans Nussey, bart., D.L., J.P., is now the chief landowner, but does not exercise any manorial rights. (fn. 47)
Cleasby. Gules two bends argent and a quarter ermine.
In 1286–7 the 6 carucates over which Avis Marmion had a mesne lordship were held by her tenant Robert de Cleasby, (fn. 48) apparently as inheritance from his grandfather Robert de Cleasby. (fn. 49) Emma daughter of the later Robert married Robert de Hastings, (fn. 50) who had a grant of free warren in his demesne lands here in 1314, (fn. 51) and was said to be holding part of Carthorpe and East Tanfield with John Marmion in 1316. (fn. 52) Robert de Hastings died without issue, and his part of East Tanfield came with Cleasby (q.v.) into the hands of Emma's second husband Henry Fitz Hugh of Ravensworth. James de Cleasby, who claimed to be the son and heir of Robert, with John son of Thomas Laton and his wife Christine, released it to Sir Henry Fitz Hugh, kt., in 1348. (fn. 53) This part of the vill was evidently re-united with the Marmion manor through Sir Henry's great-grandson Sir Henry Fitz Hugh, kt., who married Elizabeth, the representative of the Marmions. (fn. 54)
Bishopric of Durham. Azure a cross or between four lions argent.
The 'manor' and 4 carucates in SUTTON HOWGRAVE (Sudtone, xi cent.; Sutton Holgrave, xiv cent.) held before the Conquest by Floteman had become by 1086 demesne of Count Alan. The soke of 3 of these carucates belonged to the Bishop of Durham. (fn. 55) The overlordship continued with the Earls of Richmond.
Savage, Earl Rivers. Argent six lions sable.
Egerton, Duke of Bridgewater. Argent a lion gules between three pheons sable.
The manor belonged in the middle of the 13th century to Gilbert de Rougemond, or Richmond, whose son Ralph was the principal tenant here in 1286–7. (fn. 56) In 1333 Peter de Richmond, who was evidently acting on behalf of the family of Rougemond, conveyed the manor to Henry le Scrope, (fn. 57) who died seised of it in 1336. (fn. 58) Richard son of Ralph and grandson of Gilbert de Rougemond claimed the manor against Hugh Mortimer and Margery his wife, who was the widow of Sir Henry le Scrope (fn. 59); she vouched to warranty Richard le Scrope, (fn. 60) the son of Sir Henry. While the plea was pending the manor was taken into the king's hands, but Richard de Rougemond evidently did not make good his claim, as Sutton Howgrave is afterwards found with the Scropes. In 1358 Sir Richard le Scrope held the custody of all lands and tenements there. (fn. 61) His son Sir Roger was seised at his death in 1403 of the manor of Sutton Howgrave, (fn. 62) and it followed the descent of Castle Bolton (q.v.), with which it was divided in 1646 among the illegitimate daughters of Emmanuel Lord Scrope of Bolton: Mary, who married first Henry Cary Earl of Monmouth, and then Charles Paulet afterwards Marquess of Winchester, Elizabeth, who married Thomas Savage Earl Rivers, and Annabella, who married John Grubham Howe. (fn. 63) How long each of these families retained their share it is difficult to determine. All three were parties to a fine concerning the manor in 1653. (fn. 64) In 1676 Thomas Savage, the eldest son of Lord Rivers and Elizabeth, seems to have been in possession of the manor of Sutton Howgrave. (fn. 65) He died before his father, and his brother Richard, who succeeded to the earldom, held the manor in 1706, and died without children in 1712. Their cousin, who became Lord Rivers, was ordained a priest of the Roman Church before 1712, and at his death soon after 1735 all his honours became extinct. (fn. 66) Francis Duke of Bridgewater, who was the grandson of the fourth Earl of Bridgewater and Jane daughter of the Earl of Sunderland's eldest daughter Mary, was in possession of the manor of Sutton Howgrave in 1760. (fn. 67) He died unmarried in 1803 and the manor passed to his cousin and heir John William Earl of Bridgewater, who died without children in 1823. (fn. 68) After the death of his widow in 1849 his estates went to his great-nephew John Hume Home-Cust, son of Lord Brownlow, (fn. 69) but it is uncertain whether Sutton Howgrave was included amongst them. An estate in Sutton Howgrave has been lately acquired by Mrs. John George Oddy of Holt, Norfolk, from I. and W. Lutin, then owners, but there are no manorial rights attached to it. (fn. 70)
At the time of the Domesday Survey there were 5 carucates in HOWGRAVE (Hogrem, Hograve, xi cent.; Holgrave, xv cent.) belonging to Count Alan. Of these the earl had 1, the Archbishop of York 2, and the Bishop of Durham 2. (fn. 71) In 1316 the vill of Howgrave was reckoned as within the Bishop of Durham's liberty of Northallerton, (fn. 72) and to this it still belonged in the 17th century. (fn. 73) Robert de Conyers held Howgrave under the Bishop of Durham in 1316, (fn. 74) and shortly afterwards he granted a messuage, land and rent in Hutton Conyers and Howgrave to a chaplain in the church of St. John the Baptist, Hutton Conyers. (fn. 75) In the 16th century, when Howgrave seems to have been first called a manor, it was in the hands of the Wandesfords of Kirklington. Francis Wandesford died seised of it in 1559, (fn. 76) and after this time it followed the descent of Kirklington (q.v.) until at least 1830. (fn. 77) Howgrave Hall Farm, where there is an old tithe-barn, is now the property of Sir Willans Nussey, bart., D.L., J.P., who purchased it from the executors of Mr. Other soon after 1900. (fn. 78)
The two 'manors' and 3 carucates which Archil and Torfin had held at UPSLAND (Opsala, Upsale, xi cent.; Uppeslunde, xiii cent.) were held in demesne in 1086 by Count Alan, (fn. 79) whose successors retained the overlordship. In or before the 13th century the mesne lordship of Upsland was divided between the lords of Tanfield and Middleham. (fn. 80) Hugh son of Gernegan had rights there (fn. 81) which his successors, the Marmions and Fitz Hughs, retained until the 16th century. (fn. 82) The Nevills' share formed part of a knight's fee belonging to their manor of Crakehall. (fn. 83) In 1286–7 William de Holteby held 2 carucates in Upsland under Mary de Nevill, lady of Middleham, and 1 carucate under Avis Marmion, (fn. 84) but part if not all of Upsland seems to have passed shortly afterwards to Thomas Colvill, who held 2 carucates of Ralph and Mary Nevill (fn. 85); his successors are later also found holding of the Fitz Hughs. (fn. 86) The heirs in this family were called Thomas Colvill for four generations and were tenants in Upsland until 1405, when Sir Thomas Colvill, kt., was seised at his death of the manor, held of Sir Henry Fitz Hugh, kt. (fn. 87) His heir was John Percy of Kildale, (fn. 88) to whom he was second cousin once removed, (fn. 89) but in consequence of his forfeiture a certain William Yearsley, said to be the brother of Thomas Colvill, obtained from the king in that year a grant of Upsland Manor for life, with reversion to the Crown. (fn. 90) John Percy of Kildale, however, was restored in 1417, and at his death in 1442 he was seised of the manor of Upsland. (fn. 91)
Upsland is next found in the possession of William Bulmer in the reign of Henry VII. (fn. 92) He had probably acquired it by marriage with one of the daughters and heirs of the last John Percy of Kildale (q.v.). The lands of both William Parr Marquess of Northampton, the descendant of the Fitz Hughs, and Charles Nevill Earl of Westmorland, escheated to the Crown in the reign of Elizabeth, (fn. 93) and their right in Upsland was granted by her, among others, to William Cecil Lord Burghley, (fn. 94) of whom a William Bulmer held it at his death in 1575. (fn. 95) William Bulmer had settled half the manor on his wife Margery and leased the other half to Francis Haggeston for twenty-four years in 1571. (fn. 96) His son and heir Christopher was a year and a half old in 1575, (fn. 97) but does not seem to have succeeded his father in Upsland. He must have sold the manor to Lord Burghley, who was seised of it at his death in 1598 (fn. 98); from this time Upsland followed the descent of the manor of West Tanfield (q.v.) until the 19th century. When the Yorkshire property of the third Marquess of Ailesbury was dispersed in about 1886 Upsland was broken up amongst several small proprietors. Mr. Alnwick, Mr. Thompson and Sir Willans Nussey are now the chief landowners. (fn. 99)
YARNWICK (Gernuic, xi cent.; Marnewyk, xiv cent.), where Gernan previously had a 'manor' and 3 carucates, was among the lands granted to Count Alan after the Conquest (fn. 100); it afterwards became a member of the honour of Richmond. In 1086 Yarnwick was held by Robert de Musters, whose descendant Robert held a mesne lordship at the beginning of the 14th century. (fn. 101) Under him Robert de Tateshall was returned in 1286–7 as another mesne lord of 1 carucate which was held of him by Roger de Ingoldsby. (fn. 102) Robert de Tateshall's successors, (fn. 103) the Nevills of Raby, retained rights of overlordship in Yarnwick until at least the end of the 14th century. (fn. 104) One of the tenants in the latter part of the 13th century was Hugh son of Thomas de Yarnwick; in 1294 he conferred his lands and tenements there upon William le Scrope, (fn. 105) who had a grant of free warren in his demesne lands of Yarnwick in 1296. (fn. 106) His younger son Geoffrey le Scrope (fn. 107) 'acquired the rights of several different holders in Yarnwick, rendering to William de Musters as chief lord of the fee a barbed arrow for all his services.' (fn. 108) Geoffrey received a grant of free warren there in 1317. (fn. 109) In 1340 he granted the manor of Yarnwick to Thomas de Nevill and Cicely his wife in exchange for the manor of Watlass. (fn. 110) Sir William de Nevill of Pickhill, their son and heir, was in possession in 1389, (fn. 111) and the manor descended with this family of Nevill (fn. 112) to Thomas Nevill of Holt, (fn. 113) who sold it to Anne Wandesford in 1544. (fn. 114) Her son Francis Wandesford was seised of the manor at his death in 1559, (fn. 115) and from that time it followed the descent of Kirklington (q.v.), with which it became united.
Tateshall. Checky or and gules a chief ermine.
Nevill. Gules a saltire argent.
The church of ST. MICHAEL consists of a chancel measuring internally 43 ft. by 19 ft. 8 in., north vestry, nave 51 ft. 8 in. by 22 ft. 4 in., north and south aisles, west tower 12 ft. by 12 ft. 7 in. and north and south porches.
The angles of the original aisleless nave, which was probably built early in the 12th century, show at the north-east, south-east and north-west, and there is a piece of cheveron ornament in the east wall of the south aisle. The chancel dates from about a hundred years later, but appears to have been remodelled and partly rebuilt about 1340, when the aisles were added. The west tower and clearstory of the nave are of the late 15th century. The vestry and porches are modern, but have replaced old ones.
The chancel has a large 15th-century east window of five cinquefoiled lights, having on its sill the marks of the fitting of a contemporary reredos, and on each side a trefoil-headed locker rebated for a door. In the north wall are three 13th-century lancets, one looking into the vestry, and at the west end a 14th-century window of two trefoiled lights with a quatrefoiled spandrel; its jambs are splayed, but the head is not and sets forward on shaped corbels. There are two doorways in the wall—a blocked one of the 13th century, with nail-head on its abaci, and a 14thcentury doorway to the vestry of two continuous moulded orders. In the south wall are two 14thcentury windows similar to that opposite, and beneath the sill of the eastern one is a double piscina; the third bay is taken up by a modern organ recess, and in the fourth bay is a two-light 14th-century window of more elaborate detail with leaf tracery. The chancel arch is two-centred and of two chamfered orders, of which the outer dies into the wall, and the inner springs from half-octagonal moulded capitals of a rather coarse section resting on splayed corbels.
The nave has north and south arcades of four bays with octagonal columns and two-centred arches of the same date and detail as the chancel arch, but having labels stopped with a rather unusual set of carvings, those in the south aisle being particularly notable. One is a large human head from whose mouth two lizards crawl and bite smaller heads on each side, and another shows two lizard-like monsters on the shoulders of a man. The late 15th-century clearstory has three two-light windows a side having trefoiled lights under flat heads. The aisles have 14th-century windows in their side walls like that in the north wall of the chancel, those in the east walls being similar to the south-east window of the chancel. There is a small recess to the north of the east window of the north aisle and a plain bracket to the south of the corresponding window in the other aisle. The north and south doorways, also 14thcentury work, are in two continuous wave-moulded pointed orders interrupted at the springing by small moulded capitals. The tower arch is in two chamfered orders dying out at the springing; the west window of the ground stage is of three uncusped lights with tracery and at the south-east is a stair turret entered from the inside of the tower and having over the doorway a small two-light window. The stages of the tower are unmarked by external stringcourses and there are diagonal buttresses running the full height and ending at the embattled parapet in disproportionately small pinnacles. The belfry windows are square-headed, and have two trefoiled lights divided by a transom. There are very few other openings except the west window already noted, those that do exist being plain square-headed lights.
The font is modern and has a circular bowl with elaborate ornament; it stands at the west end of the south aisle. In the lancet window looking into the vestry is some old glass; in the top part are three heads of saints, in the centre is the crest of the Wandesfords, a church. In the south wall of the south aisle are two ogee-arched tomb recesses with trefoiled heads with good 14th-century mouldings and finials. In one of these is the effigy of a knight in plate armour with a mail hauberk and a pointed bascinet; the material is fine limestone and the execution is extremely good. On the left arm he bears a shield with a beautifully carved rampant lion. In the second recess is the companion figure, that of a lady in mantle and close-fitting gown ; both effigies lie on parts of a now destroyed altar tomb decorated with blank shields. To the east of these effigies is a fine tomb to Sir Christopher Wandesford, 1590, with his recumbent effigy, and behind it a scrolled inscription panel with obelisks and heraldry. On the base of the tomb are four fine shields unusually good for the time: (1) Wandesford, a lion rampant double queued; (2) the same impaling a cross moline, for Fulthorpe; (3) the same impaling ermine three bows in pale, for Bowes; (4) a bend within a border engrailed, for Musters. The shield above is of six quarters: (1) Wandesford, (2) Musters, (3) Colville, (4) Norton, (5) Fulthorpe, (6) Bland. In the floor close by is a brass inscription to John Wandesford, 1463, and Eleanor his wife. Above the tower arch is a painted hatchment for Christopher Wandesford, who died in February 1686–7, and there is a grave cover within the tower incised with a plain cross and a chalice.
The screens to the tower and chancel are modern, but there is a 17th-century lectern with a chained 'Companion to the Temple' by Dean Comber of Durham; the hexagonal pulpit is a fine piece of Jacobean carved woodwork. Its appearance is damaged by a band of carving fixed on the top of its cornice to heighten it. A helm with the curious Wandesford crest, two gauntlets and two banners are fixed on the south wall of the nave above the arcade. The east end of the south aisle, formerly the Wandesford chapel, is now provided with sittings for the Hall.
There are three bells : the first inscribed '1617 Jesus be our speed'; the second, 'Christopher Wandesford baronet, Ri: Tatham recktor,' and bearing an ornamented band including three flagons impaling a cheveron between three bells; the third, 'Thomas Walker & Ro: Jobling churchwardens. Gloria in supremis deo 1725.'
The plate includes a cup with a cover paten with the London date mark 1632, a large paten of 1718, a flagon of 1721, a cup of 1782 and a large almsdish of 1720.
The registers begin in 1568.
Robert de Musters was seised of the advowson in 1231, (fn. 116) and from him it descended to his great-grandson William, who granted it to his brother Robert for life in 1332. (fn. 117) William de Musters afterwards granted the reversion to Robert's son John and his wife Alice and their heirs. (fn. 118) From John and Alice the advowson descended to their son and heir Henry, and from him to his daughter Elizabeth, first the wife of Alexander Mowbray and afterwards of John de Wandesford. (fn. 119) In 1384 a dispute arose between John and Elizabeth de Wandesford and Michael de la Pole. The latter claimed the advowson, which he said had been granted him by John de Musters in 1352. Although he produced a charter to this effect, he was unable to substantiate his claim. (fn. 120) The advowson has followed the descent of Kirklington Manor (q.v.) until the present day. (fn. 121)
At the Dissolution there was a chantry dedicated to St. Mary in Kirklington. (fn. 122) An obit, endowed by the ancestors of the Wandesfords, and a lamp maintained in the quire of the church by the farmers of 'Sexton Lands,' were mentioned in 1546. (fn. 123)
The Poor's Land consists of 18 a. in the parish of Pickhill, purchased in 1732 with moneys belonging to the poor and £50, the gift of the Rev. John Wandesford, then rector, for the use of the town and parish.
In 1718 Richard Stoney, by will, devised 4 a. known as the Ings Close, the rents to be distributed yearly among the poor of the township of Kirklington. The charities are administered together. In 1903–4 the net rents amounted to £27 10s., which was applied in the distribution of coal among the poor of the parish and townships.
Townships of Sutton Howgrave and East Tanfield: Poor Lands.—These townships are entitled to a moiety of one-third of the rents of the 18 a. above mentioned.
Philip Benlowe alias Bendelow, at a date unknown, left £50, which was laid out in the purchase of land and cottages thereon, now producing £8 15s. a year, which is distributed in coal.
1. Statistics from Bd. of Agric. (1905).
2. An account of the excavations made is given by Mr. McCall (Hist. of the Wandesford Family, 1).
3. L. and P. Hen. VIII, xiv (1), p. 311.
4. Ibid. xix (1), g. 812 (45).
5. V.C.H. Yorks. ii, 240.
6. Harl. MS. 236, fol. 29.
7. Gale, Reg. Honoris de Richmond, 27.
8. See advowson.
9. McCall, op. cit. 5.
10. Kirkby's Inq. (Surt. Soc.), 183.
11. Ibid. 339; De Banco R. Mich. 8 Ric. II, m. 312.
12. De Banco R. Mich. 8 Ric. II, m. 312; Trin. 4 Edw. III, m. 27.
13. De Banco R. Mich. 8 Ric. II, m. 312.
14. Ibid. 519, m. 111.
15. McCall, op. cit. 189; Cal. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Com.), iv, 169.
16. McCall, op. cit. 25, 346.
17. Chan. Inq. p.m. (Ser. 2), lxii, 2.
18. Ibid. xxxiii, 24.
19. Ibid. lxii, 2.
20. L. and P. Hen. VIII, xvi, g. 947 (70).
21. Chan. Inq. p.m. (Ser. 2), cxx, 59.
22. Shaw, Knights of Engl. ii, 84.
23. Chan. Inq. p.m. (Ser. 2), ccxxvii, 223.
24. Shaw, op. cit. ii, 142; Chan. Inq. p.m. (Ser. 2), cccxxxii, 158.
25. Cal. S. P. Dom. 1611–18, p. 400; Chan. Proc. (Ser. 2), bdle. 328, no. 12.
26. Dict. Nat. Biog.; Chan. Inq. p.m. (Ser. 2), dcxi, 130.
27. Chan. Inq. p.m. (Ser. 2), dcxi, 130; McCall, op. cit. 88.
28. Dict. Nat. Biog.; Recov. R. East. 26 Chas. II, rot. 152.
29. G.E.C. Complete Peerage, ii, 178.
30. Recov. R. Hil. 6 Anne, rot. 139.
31. G.E.C. loc. cit.; Recov. R. Mich. 19 Geo. II, rot. 287.
32. G.E.C. loc. cit.
33. Ibid.; Recov. R. Trin. 35 Geo. III, rot. 428.
34. Recov. R. East. 11 Geo. IV, rot. 267.
35. G.E.C. Complete Peerage, ii, 178 n.
36. Burke, Peerage, under 'Ormonde.'
37. V.C.H. Yorks. ii, 239.
38. Kirkby's Inq. (Surt. Soc.), 339; Chan. Inq. p.m. 3 Hen. VI, no. 27.
39. Rot. Lit. Claus. (Rec. Com.), i, 215b.
41. Rentals and Surv. R. 754.
43. Cal. Chart. R. 1226–57, p. 276; Gale, op. cit. App. Gen. Table, iv.
45. Cal. Chart. R. 1257–1300, p. 421.
46. Chan. Inq. p.m. 6 Hen. VI, no. 45.
47. Inform. kindly supplied by Sir Willans Nussey, bart.
49. De Banco R. 125, m. 81.
50. See Barforth manor, Forcett parish.
51. Cal. Chart. R. 1300–26, p. 242.
53. Feet of F. Yorks. 22 Edw. III, no. 44; see Barforth.
54. G.E.C. Complete Peerage, iii, 364; Whitaker, Richmondshire, ii, 167.
55. V.C.H. Yorks. ii, 217, 240.
56. See below; Kirkby's Inq. (Surt. Soc.), 186.
57. Feet of F. Div. Co. 6 Edw. III, no. 115.
58. Chan. Inq. p.m. 10 Edw. III (1st nos.), no. 7.
59. De Banco R. 349, m. 160; Foster, Yorks. Ped.
60. Sir Richard Lord Scrope.
61. Abbrev. Rot. Orig. (Rec. Com.), ii, 249.
62. Chan. Inq. p.m. 5 Hen. IV, no. 25.
63. G.E.C. Complete Peerage, i, 372; vii, 88 n.; Recov. R. Trin. 23 Chas. I, rot. 61; Feet of F. Yorks. East. 1650; Div. Co. East. 1651.
64. Feet of F. Div. Co. Hil. 1653.
65. Ibid. Yorks. Mich. 28 Chas. II.
66. Recov. R. Trin. 5 Anne, rot. 125; G.E.C. Complete Peerage, vi, 373.
67. G.E.C. op. cit. ii, 21; Recov. R. East. 33 Geo. II, rot. 310.
68. Recov. R. East. 44 Geo. III, rot. 269.
69. G.E.C. Complete Peerage, ii, 40.
70. Inform. kindly supplied by Mr. J.G. Oddy.
72. Kirkby's Inq. (Surt. Soc.), 340. In a note this is identified as Sutton Howgrave (q.v.), but it is more probably Howgrave.
73. Ct. R. (Gen. Ser.), portf. 211, no. 91; Chan. Inq. p.m. (Ser. 2), cxx, 59; cccxxxii, 158.
75. Inq. a.q.d. file 121, no. 17; Abbrev. Rot. Orig. (Rec. Com.), i, 257.
80. Kirkby's Inq. (Surt. Soc.), 183. The heirs of Ranulph de Middleton are said to have held the lordship between the Earl of Richmond and Avis Marmion in 1286–7.
81. Gale, op. cit. 87; see Tanfield.
82. Chan. Inq. p.m. 33 Edw. III (1st nos.), no. 38; 6 Hen. IV, no. 43; Rentals and Surv. R. 754, m. 43. For pedigree see West Tanfield.
83. Gale, op. cit. 71; Chan. Inq. p.m. 12 Ric. II, no. 40; 21 Hen. VI, no. 17.
85. Gale, op. cit. 73; cf. Holtby in Hornby parish.
87. Ibid. 41 Edw. III (1st nos.), no. 47; 12 Ric. II, no. 40; 6 Hen. IV, no. 43. Mr. H. B. McCall has found several references to the 'grange' of Upsland among the evidences belonging to the family of Wandesford, and a document of 1575 (Chan. Inq. p.m. [Ser. 2], clxx, 44) alludes to a manor or grange, which leads to the conclusion that Upsland was never a real manor, although frequently called so during the 15th and 16th centuries.
88. See V.C.H. Yorks. N. R. ii.
89. Wrottesley, op. cit. 250.
90. De Banco R. Mich. 8 Hen. IV, m. 316; Cal. Pat. 1405–8, p. 38.
91. Cal. Pat. 1416–22, p. 107; Chan. Inq. p.m. 21 Hen. VI, no. 17.
92. Rentals and Surv. R. 754, m. 43; Whitby Chartul. (Surt. Soc.), 706.
93. G.E.C. Complete Peerage, vi, 69; viii, 113.
94. Chan. Inq. p.m. (Ser. 2), cclvii, 91.
95. Ibid. clxx, 44.
96. Ibid.; Yorks. Fines (Yorks. Arch. Soc.), ii, 4.
97. Chan. Inq. p.m. (Ser. 2), clxx, 44.
98. Ibid. cclvii, 91; Christopher Bulmer had tenements in Upsland in 1621 (Chan. Proc. [Ser. 2], bdle. 332, no. 53).
99. Inform. kindly supplied by Mr. R. H. Prior-Wandesford and Mr. H. B. McCall.
100. V.C.H. Yorks. ii, 240.
101. Gale, op. cit. 71.
102. Kirkby's Inq. (Surt. Soc.), 183.
103. See Well and Middleham.
104. Chan. Inq. p.m. 41 Edw. III (1st nos.), no. 47; 12 Ric. II, no. 40.
105. McCall, op. cit. 110.
106. Cal. Chart. R. 1257–1300, p. 465.
107. Visit. of Yorks. (Harl. Soc.), 278.
108. Gale, loc. cit.; McCall, op. cit. 110.
109. Cal. Chart. R. 1300–26, p. 363.
110. Cal. Pat. 1422–9, p. 220. Sir Henry le Scrope of Masham, the son of Geoffrey, was still said to hold land in Yarnwick in 1367 (Chan. Inq. p.m. 41 Edw. III [1st nos.], no. 47; G.E.C. Complete Peerage, vii, 89).
111. Chan. Inq. p.m. 12 Ric. II, no. 40.
112. For pedigree see Pickhill.
113. See Pickhill.
114. McCall, op. cit. 204–5.
115. Chan. Inq. p.m. (Ser. 2), cxx, 59.
116. Archbp. Gray's Reg. (Surt. Soc.), 40.
117. De Banco R. Mich. 8 Ric. II, m. 312.
118. Ibid.
119. Ibid.; Feet of F. Yorks. Mich. 41 Edw. III, no. 38.
120. De Banco R. 491, m. 444; Mich. 8 Ric. II, m. 312.
121. For the admission of a perpetual vicar 'with the consent as well of the parson as of the patron thereof,' in 1231 see Archbp. Gray's Reg. (Surt. Soc.), 40; and cf. McCall, op. cit. 180.
122. Valor Eccl. (Rec. Com.), v, 248. The certificate for it is missing.
123. Yorks. Chant. Surv. (Surt. Soc.), ii, 506.


text:
LW Committee
Organisation of LW in France
History of LW in France
Missions of the Live Working Committee
Composition of the Committee
Commissions for reviewing regulations
SERECT missions
Training of LW operators
Qualification of LW operators
Certified bodies
LW Tools qualification
History of LW in France (read more)
Statistically, in 1957, service interruptions were split broadly in two between power cuts for work and those due to operating incidents. These power cuts were inconvenient for customers, whose awareness to the quality of supply would increase. In France, the growing concern about quality of service and reducing the number of power cuts for work to be carried out as well as the safety of operators are the main issues that led EDF to undertake studies and then develop Live Working (LW). EDF therefore decided to begin exploratory missions in countries that already use this technique, particularly the USA, USSR and Sweden. The purpose was to examine under what conditions this work is carried out and to study the way it could be transferred to France.
Initially, EDF reproduced the techniques used in other countries but the experience gained rapidly enabled EDF to develop a different technique, unique in the world, based on risk analysis and defining a corpus of safety rules to be better suited to the operation to be carried out. The French method was born. LW in France has been structured around an LW Committee responsible for approving rules and methods and an expert body, SERECT (Design, Execution and Experimentation Section of the Live Working Committee); both were very quickly found to be effective.
LW developed very rapidly in the three voltage levels: LV, HV-A and HV-B. SERECT develops its own tools and invests in research. The behaviour of the air gap is dissected, analysed then turned into rules. This work, which has continued for many years, will give France a head start in LW, particularly working in a damp environment, behaviour of the air gap when a conductive part is inserted (concept of fractionation) or helicopter-based work.
Nowadays, when it comes to electricity, it is no longer considered possible to deprive customers of service continuity. Avoiding power cuts, maintaining a high level of availability for networks, ensuring the safety of operators and third parties, continuously adapting to technical developments: these are the issues in Live Working (LW). Invisible to users, this technique is now essential and forms an integral part of the design of electricity transmission and distribution networks.
Launching the approach in France
The development of methods and tools for carrying out LW at the beginning of the 1960s was made possible by setting up an efficient and responsive organisation with:
a Technical Committee responsible for summarising work and authorising operating procedures as they were developed and then the rules to be followed when performing LW. This Technical Committee was renamed the Live Working Committee (CTST) in 1966
an assessment unit supporting the Technical Committee, responsible for drafting these operating procedures then technical working rules, as well as the tools necessary for carrying out LW operations. The assessment unit is SERECT (Design, Execution and Experimentation Section of the Live Working Committee), based near Mulhouse at Wittelsheim (Haut-Rhin).
The Technical Committee is made up of representatives from Distribution, Production, Transport, Research & Development and Occupational Training, which was already considered to play the most important role. Subsequently, the Ministry for Energy was very interested by the approach and appointed a representative to this Committee.
The first studies were based on examining regulations, working methods, standards, conditions for checking equipment and conditions for training operators. Many documents were translated, coming mainly from the United States. The approach was gradual and the first step consisted of transposing methods already used in the countries visited during the exploratory missions, adapting them to the French networks. For some operations on high voltage lines, SERECT ensured the participation of demonstrators sent by American equipment manufacturers such as Chance, Kearney or Holan.
In addition, an experimental network was set up on the island of Ottmarsheim, not far from SERECT. It was used both to develop operating procedures and train personnel. A 63/90 kV network comprising 6 towers, 2 concrete poles, 2 wooden poles with stays and a concrete gantry were completed in June 1964. The ten towers to support 220 kV and 380 kV lines were erected in the same year.
From 1965, two sets of operating procedures were drawn up by SERECT and approved by the Committee:
A first set of 12 operating procedures covering a standard range of LV connection operations.
A second set of 28 operating procedures covering an extended range of standard operations on the VHV network.
In parallel, training was undertaken, based on approved operating procedures, at Ottmarsheim for 10 LV distribution centres and at two CRTT (Regional Transmission and Telecommunication Centres) for HV.
Teams are then trained to carry out LW systematically on operated networks. Bringing these new methods into use aroused great interest from all personnel. Health and Safety Committees (HSC) were fully involved in these broader experiments and the HSC coordination commission itself contributed to drafting the basic documents.
The regulatory framework in the history
In 1960, labour regulations regarding electricity distribution in France referred to a ministerial decree established in 1927; the provisions had been developed by the Union Technique de l'Électricité (UTE) and published as UTE 513. This publication prohibited Live Working on installations at voltage greater than 433 V between phases and only permitted restricted Live Working on installations at voltages below this limit.
Decree 62-1454 dated 14 November 1962 relating to protection of workers in establishments using electric currents specified, in article 50, Live Working as the exception and recommended de-energised working.
From 1963, the Technical Committee began to consider a 'Live Working charter' that quickly took the name of Temporary General Instruction (IGP). In 24 June 1965 the Minister for Electrical Energy approved this document, the first regulations opening the way to widespread LW. It came into force on 1 October 1965 for a period of 1 year.
On 29 April 1966, when the IGP was renewed, the Industry Ministry wrote to the UTE, asking it to submit for approval a general IGP no longer restricted to EDF, taking into account the experience gained since application of the first IGP. This update was more difficult than expected, because the first document had been drafted for EDF, a hierarchical company, and not for local distribution companies.
On 1 May 1966 the Technical Committee for Studies in LW became the LW Committee (CTST). This change of name showed the desire to undertake development of LW and progressive generalisation of the practice. The new committee's missions were stated to be: to summarise information gathered in other countries, to direct studies of operating procedures related to LW, to approve operating procedures and special LW equipment, as well as employee training programmes, to draw up drafts of regulatory texts that would appear necessary, as well as general EDF internal instructions.
In 1970, the Live Working Committee completed the regulations known by the title of General Instruction for Live Working; this was then converted to Publication 520 by UTE and approved by the Ministry for Industrial and Scientific Development on 26 October of the same year. From then on, it was no longer restricted solely to EDF use. These regulations were based on the following three fundamental points:
The use of approved tools and equipment complying with approved operating procedures and the Working Conditions.
Staff training by an organisation or body approved by the Ministry responsible for electrical power, following approved programmes.
Inspection and monitoring by management.
From 1974, SERECT was approved to provide training for its operators and for operators seconded to it for experiments in the operation of new live working methods.
In 1982, decree 82-167 of 16 February 1982 relating to special measures intended to ensure the safety of workers against electrical hazards during construction, operation and maintenance of electrical power distribution equipment, confirmed the regulatory framework applicable to live working.
In article 8, it states that a body jointly designated for this purpose by the Minister for Labour and the Minister for Electrical Power approves training programmes, training centres, working methods and tools and safety equipment specially designed for live working. Furthermore, work that could not be carried out according to these working methods should not be performed 'live', unless it is experimental work carried out by a body approved by the Minister for Labour and the Minister for Electrical Power to develop new methods.
The inter-ministerial decision issued on 1 July 1983, designates the LW Committee as the body responsible for approving training programmes and equipment and working methods. SERECT itself is appointed as the body responsible for carrying out experimental work.
Today it is the 1982 decree that governs working conditions on electricity distribution grids, for Live Working or lockout working.
Key dates in the development of LW in France can be found on the timeline.
The LW Committee
The principles of LW
LW timeline in France
The Committee's missions
Examination commissions
Committee newsletter
Working Conditions for LV work
Technical Data Sheets and LV SERECT Data Sheets
LV recommendation
The LW book
Authorised training organisations
Authorisation procedure for training centres
Inspection laboratories
List of authorised inspection laboratories
Authorisation procedure for periodic inspection laboratories
Contact the Committee Deputy
Site on the history of LW
Access reserved
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For the past 25 years, Kristin Muller Transcription Services (KMTS) has been Los Angeles' premier medical transcription service. With the advancements of technology allowing us to transcend space, we offer our medical transcription services to medical institutions big and small across the United States. Our team of professional transcriptionists, including on staff RNs, is dedicated to providing you with fast, accurate, flexible, and cost-effective medical transcription. KMTS is proud to offer off-site medical scribes as well for direct EMR/EHR integration.
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OETA and PBS KIDS are jumping into summer with a new, one-hour event of ODD SQUAD, which includes an encore of the finale of season one, and the premiere of season two. When Olive and Otto set off to run their own Odd Squad bureau, Ms. O must find two new recruits who can fill their shoes. Odd Squad: Agents of Change premieres on Monday, June 20 at 3:30 p.m. on OETA-HD, followed by new, season 2 episodes that and the following week.
ODD SQUAD is a live-action media property designed to help kids ages 5-8 learn math. The show focuses on two young agents, Olive and Otto, who are part of the Odd Squad, an agency whose mission is to save the day whenever something unusual happens in their town. A math concept is embedded in each of their cases, as Olive and Otto work together to problem-solve and correct the oddity du jour in each episode. The series airs weekdays (check local listings).
ODD SQUAD is created by Tim McKeon (Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends, Adventure Time, The Electric Company) and Adam Peltzman (The Electric Company, The Backyardigans, Wallykazam!) and produced by Sinking Ship Entertainment and The Fred Rogers Company.
ODD SQUAD is funded in part by the U.S. Department of Education through the Ready To Learn Initiative, a program that supports the development of innovative educational television and digital media targeted to preschool and early elementary school children and their families, and by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB).


Computer Sciences Corp. won a $25 million contract from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to continue developing and supporting the agency's national electronic disease surveillance system, the company announced Jan. 21.
The one-year task order contract also has one option year.
Under the contract, CSC of El Segundo, Calif., will support the full software development life cycle for the surveillance system's base system as well as support CDC's plans for its initial deployment to 20 state and local sites.
The surveillance system is part of a public health information network that will integrate a variety of activities at all levels of government while meeting confidentiality and security requirements. These activities include surveillance, analysis, communication and field investigations, and response and intervention.
The new task order, which was awarded through the General Services Administration's Answer contract, extends work the company began under a previous contract awarded in October 2000.
Emergint Inc. of Louisville, Ky., will assist CSC on the project. Emergint is a small business that develops and deploys clinical information systems, such as a health data system for medical and public health research.
CSC has more than 65,000 employees and annual revenue of $11.4 billion.


I have a new 8 & 20 up this week at WineSpectator.com: Braised Chicken Thighs in Mushroom Sauce. It's really perfect for these chilly winter nights.
I also have a very easy leftover makeover/non-recipe to accompany it—Saucy Polenta Stacks topped with an egg for a little extra decadence. These came together in a jiffy!
- If you have other leftover veggies in the fridge, you might as well throw them in too!
- Combine the remaining sauce with the can of diced tomatoes in a sauce pan on the stove and bring to a simmer.
- Season with any additional herbs and spices you're in the mood for. I went with seasonings in the Italian and Greek vein to switch things up, but use whatever you have/are in the mood for. Allow the sauce to thicken, then reduce to low and keep warm until ready to serve.
- Grease a non-stick pan. Fry eggs (again, use as many as you need for them number of eaters) over medium high heat until the reach the desired doneness.
- Top each polenta portion with the saucy chicken mixture followed by the eggs.
We enjoyed these we this Rioja Reserva from Marques de Riscal which worked quite well with the tomatoes, the mushrooms, and mixed seasoning. I think a Barbera would also make a nice match.


Through hard work and passion, you have built your business from the ground up, and are determined to see it continue to succeed. It's time to grow. Attracting and retaining customers while maintaining a steady cash flow is critical.
You're a small organization, yet you need to appear bigger to attract much larger and more lucrative business contracts. Can you take your business to the next level without overextending? How will you ensure that the investments made now will serve your business for many years? It's questions like these that make you realize you need help.
Wondering if your current IT investment can help you as your business evolves? Then you've come to the right place.
Mitel has created a suite of communications solutions made specifically for small business.
Interested in Voice for Small Business?


text:
Rudimentary Peni – No More Pain
Rudimentary Peni – No More Pain CD
Southern Records
When I was a young punker in the 1980s, I stuck mostly to the North American punk rock and never got super heavy into the British stuff with few exceptions. I remember all the "Crass punks" as I called them also seemed to be into Rudimentary Peni, due in no small part to Crass releasing at least one of the band's records on their label. I picked up a couple of their records out of curiosity and thought they were pretty good, but didn't really know much about the band at all.
The one thing I did find interesting over all these years was that the band seems to be in their own little bubble and seemed to avoid every musical trend in the past quarter century of their existence. They miraculously made it through the "metal years" without succumbing to it at all and just kept plugging away sticking with a sound that has worked for them since the beginning. While it could be argued that by doing so they sort of flew more under the radar than they should have, the result is that in 25+ years, the band never sucked, and you can count on their records to deliver what you expect from them.
No More Pain delivers 9 songs of '77 style British punk rock that sounds exactly how it should and is delivered in two minute or less bite sized chunks. The songs range from mid to fast tempo and have all the punch and energy as their early material, old age hasn't tamed these guys any. The tenth and final song is an instrumental song which is a cover of a classical music piece from 1680, but obviously done with guitars in the Rudimentary Peni style of sound.
One other thing that stayed consistent was the band's use of Nick Blinko who has done all the band's artwork since the start. Included with the CD is a small poster of additional artwork. It's nice to see that a quarter century later, a band from the old days can still put out enjoyable records without sounding like they are covering themselves. Sometimes change is not for the better, and Rudimentary Peni is living proof of that theory.
Asva – What You Don't Know is Frontier
Plan 9 – Manmade Monster


STORYBOARD PRO 4 - Find out about it!
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Broadside (album) a studio album by the 11-piece folk band Bellowhead, released 2012.
Broadsides is a 1983 videogame that simulated naval combat in the Age of Sail for the Atari 8-bit, Apple II, and Commodore 64. Giant warships circled each other, waiting for the best time to unleash a broadside upon the enemy. Cannons could be loaded with various types of ordnance; cannonballs to destroy the hull, chain shot to destroy the sails, and grape shot to kill the enemy crew.
One could also close with the enemy ship and attempt to board their ship. This aspect of the game played a lot like rock scissors paper, where the player controlled one crew member and which sort of attack he made with his sword. This was compared against the enemy attack, and the results were used to decrease the crew count on one side. Once one side's crew was all dead, the other side was the victor.
The game also offers a simplified, arcade-combat mode in which the player fights an endless number of enemy ships.
Computer Gaming World in 1983 stated that Broadsides "is an excellent depiction of ship-to-ship combat". It cited the "superb" combat display, good graphics, user-designed scenarios, and the choice of tactical or arcade combat as highlights. In 1990 the magazine gave the game five out of five stars, stating that it had "vast entertainment value" and "remains the standard". In 1993 the magazine gave it three-plus stars, stating that "it remains the standard ... this writer still plays it on an Atari 800".


text:
Q: User Lockout in SQL Server MS SQL Server 2012 and 2008 got installed as a by-product of VS2013 installation.
Here is the screen shot of my Control Panel.

and I have been trying to solve the following error with no luck.

I also see that a lot of questions regarding SQL Server on SO and other places on Internet are unanswered. Either by the luck a draw the problem went away or they gave up for answer.
Anyway, I have tried some solutions but in every case one step of the solution does not work for me.
If you know of a forum that I should take my question to please do not hesitate to give me your feedback.  Thanks


text:
Q: Create random string that can be used as query in a link I am trying to create a random string that will act as a token for resetting the password. Once generated, I will store the 'key' in my database and send the user a link via email to reset his password (e.g. page.com/?key=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx)
I have been trying to use the following code:
RandomNumberGenerator rng = RandomNumberGenerator.Create();
byte[] randomBytes = new byte[30];
rng.GetBytes(randomBytes);
string randKey = Convert.ToBase64String(randomBytes);

Which seems to create the random string quiet well, but the problem is that it sometimes uses the reserved characters (/, +, etc.) which break my key when trying to read it of the query string.
Is there any way to generate the key without above characters? I know I can use randKey.Replace() but I would have to do it for all the different characters and I am not so sure that would be the best approach.

A: You could use the Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.Base64UrlEncoder. It basically encodes to base64 in an url friendly format. You can find more info about it here.

A: You can use Html encode and decode method
Refer this link
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.web.httputility.htmlencode


text:
DKK kr.EUR €
New Order - Technique
Vendor: Qwest Records
RARE/2HAND VINYL LP ON FACTORY RECORDS1989
Factory 275 made in UK with original innersleeve.
Vinyl VG+. Cover VG.
Tastes and sounds were changing quickly in the late '80s, which prompted New Order's most startling transformation yet -- from moody dance-rockers to, well, moody acid-house mavens. After the band booked a studio on the island hotspot of Ibiza, apparently not knowing that it was the center of the burgeoning house music craze, New Order's sure instincts for blending rock and contemporary dance resulted in another confident, superb LP.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Order
Tracklist
A1 Fine Time 4:42
A2 All The Way 3:22
A3 Love Less 2:58
A4 Round & Round 4:29
A5 Guilty Partner 4:44
B1 Run 4:26
B2 Mr. Disco 4:20
B3 Vanishing Point 5:14
B4 Dream Attack 5:13
Request next avaible copy
‹ See more Rara/2hand.
Vinyl info
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text:
Q: Why is every prime number ($5$ and higher) divisible by $24$ (into a whole integer) when you square it and subtract $1$? I asked this question on puzzling.se and someone suggested I post it here:
I discovered this by accident, when trying to create a formula that generates prime numbers (an impossible task, I know).
But, I find it very interesting that you take any prime number 5 and greater, then you square it and subtract 1, dividing it by 24 always results in a whole integer.
For example:
5 x 5 = 25 - 1 = 24 / 24 = 1
7 x 7 = 49 - 1 = 48 / 24 = 2
11 x 11 = 121 - 1 = 120 / 24 = 50

The result is always a whole number, regardless of how high the prime number is.
Can someone explain why this is so, mathematically? This does not seem possible (to me). And if this is really true, why can I find nothing written about it?
I have never heard of this theorem before, and nothing is mentioned on Wikipedia or other sources. But perhaps this could be a helpful in reducing $33\%$ of the possibilities when trying to find or prove large prime numbers, computationally.
UPDATE: lab made the observation that all resulting numbers are apparently also divisible by $24$ ..  interesting
UPDATE: following lab's observation , I tried $24 \times 24 = 576 + 1 = 577$  ( a prime number)  .. interesting  and..  $576 \times 576 + 1 = 331,777$ which is also a prime
Further extrapolating in the gap of numbers between $2$ and $50$:
primes:
24 x 3 = 72 + 1 = 73  72 - 1 = 71  72 + 7 = 79
24 x 4 = 96 + 1 = 97   96 + 5 = 101  96 + 7 = 103
24 x 5 = 120 - 7 = 113  120 + 7 = 121
24 x 6 = 144 - 7 = 137  144 + 7 = 151
24 x 7 = 168 - 1 = 167  168 + 5 = 173
24 x 8 = 192 - 1 = 191  192 + 5 = 197
24 x 9 = 216 + 7 = 223

Not a perfect formula for finding primes, but seems to be effective :-)

A: I'll use Fermat's little theorem:
"If $a \in \Bbb N$ is any natural number, and $p$ is a prime number, such that $gcd(a,p) = 1$, then $a^{p - 1} \equiv 1 \ (mod \ p)$".
We have that $3$ is prime, and every prime $p > 3$ is coprime with $3$. Consequently:
$$\forall \ prime \ p > 3, \ p^{3 - 1} \equiv 1 \ (mod \ 3), \ i.e. \ p^2 \equiv 1 \ (mod \ 3)$$
This means that for any prime number $p > 3$, $p^2$ leaves remainder $1$ upon division by $3$, i.e. $p^2 - 1$ leaves remainder $0$ upon division by $3$.

A: This answer walks through some simple math, and pulls the answer out in the last paragraph:
Squaring n and subtracting one gives n²-1, which can be rewritten as (n+1)(n-1).
If n doesn't divide by 3, then one of n+1 and n-1 divides by 3 (because of the three consecutive numbers n-1, n and n+1, exactly one of them must divide by 3).
If n doesn't divide by 2, then both n+1 and n-1 divide by 2, and (exactly) one of those divides 4.
This means that if n doesn't divide 2 or 3 (for example, if it's a prime number that's 5 or higher), then (n+1)(n-1) divides by 2, 3, and 4 (or to put it more clearly, it divides by 3 and 8), and hence divides 24.

A: Your observation holds for any integer that is not divisible by $3$, not just primes. Indeed, $n^2-1=(n+1)(n-1)$ and one of the numbers $n+1$, $n-1$ is a multiple of $3$ unless $n$ is a multiple of $3$.

A: Any integer can be expressed as $6n,6n\pm1,6n\pm2,6n+3$ where $n$ is any integer
Observe that, any prime number $>3,$ can be expressed as $6n\pm1$
Now, $(6n\pm1)^2=36n^2\pm12n+1=24n^2+24\dfrac{n(n\pm1)}2+1\equiv1\pmod{24}$
So, any integer of the form $6n\pm1$ will satisfy the proposition, we don't even need primes


Thailand's popular boutique airline, Bangkok Airways, the main operator of flights to Koh Samui was recently included in a list of Top 20 airlines around the world that successfully integrate colours and designs into their overall branding.
The list was released by upcoming U.S. travel intelligence media company SKIFT, which provides news, information, data, tools and services to professionals in the travel industry, as well as to travellers in search of information on the latest travel trends.
The study compared a wide range of aircraft wraps, also known as livery, now used around the globe and included a detailed assessment of which specific designs stand out as exceptional in terms of their appeal and brand identity.
Bangkok Airways was one to the first airlines in Asia to adopt distinctive, colourful livery on its aircraft fleet. The designs feature beach scenes, colourful fish, palm trees, and even cityscapes and festive decoration to suit particular seasons. The planes are also marked with the names of various destinations across the Asia region where the airline flies.
Other Asia based airlines have since added their own memorable designs, including Thailand's Nok Air, with distinctive bird faces painted on the noses of its planes, Air Asia and Singapore Airlines' long-haul, low-cost subsidiary, Scoot, which uses its name both at the front and rear of the aircraft to ensure passengers recognise the brand.
In order to stay ahead of the field, Bangkok Airways last year redesigned its cabin attendants' uniforms. They assigned leading Thai fashion designer Polpat Asavaprapha of the popular ASAVA brand to create colourful, contemporary but practical pieces that were quickly recognised as by Condé Nast Traveler Magazine as one of seven flight attendant uniforms around the world that made fashion statements.
Asavaprapha used blue stripes to reflect the blue waves and sky, using the paintings on the aircraft as a starting point. He then developed a striped pattern with shades of blue and turquoise using silk-poly fabric to provide a feeling of lightness and comfort.
With such an innovative approaches to branding and design, visitors to the most popular destinations in Thailand enjoy a choice of original elements to their journey, which highlight and complement the unique experience on offer once they arrive.


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Oops!... I Did It Again World Tour to światowa i już trzecia trasa koncertowa Britney Spears,                             promująca jej nowy album Oops!... I Did It Again (2000). Trasa rozpoczęła się od koncertu w Kolumbii, Maryland 20 czerwca 2000 roku, Britney przejechała Stany Zjednoczone i Europę, w tym listopadowe koncerty w UK, skończyła się 18 stycznia 2001 roku w Rio de Janeiro w Brazylii. Trasa  przyniosła artystce ponad  45 milionów $ zysku.

Materiały specjalne
Britney nagrała trzy specjalne koncerty. Pierwszy z 2000 roku to There's No Place Like Home filmowany na koncercie w Nowym Orleanie i puszczony przez telewizję FOX. W brytyjskiej telewizji puszczony został materiał Britney Spears: Live in London nagrywany na Wembley Arena. Ostatni nagrała pod koniec trasy na koncercie w Rio – Britney Spears: Live from Rock in Rio Brazil, puszczany przez brazylijską telewizję Multishow. W czasie trasy Britney miała zaledwie 18 lat.

Setlista
 Video Introduction
 "(You Drive Me) Crazy"
 "Stronger"
 "What U See (Is What U Get)"
 "From the Bottom of My Broken Heart"
 Video Interlude: What Would You Do to Meet Britney?
 "Born to Make You Happy"
 "Lucky"
 "Sometimes"
 "Don't Let Me Be the Last to Know"
 Band Interlude
 "The Beat Goes On"
 "Don't Go Knockin' on My Door"
 "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction"
 Dancers Interlude
 "…Baby One More Time"
 "Oops!...I Did It Again"

Czas pobytu
 Ameryka Północna
 20 czerwca – 20 września 2000
 Europa
 8 października – 21 listopada 2000
 Ameryka Południowa
 18 stycznia 2001

Trasy koncertowe Britney Spears
Trasy koncertowe w 2000
Trasy koncertowe w 2001

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Johnny Marr U.S. Fall Tour Dates plus new song available at iTunes
Christopher Anthony | September 3, 2015 August 6, 2013 | News
Johnny Marr is releasing his newly recorded song "The It-Switch" on iTunes today HERE. The song will be available as the b-side to the radio edit of "New Town Velocity," the new single from his solo debut The Messenger (TFN Review HERE) out earlier this year. The single is also available as a limited edition 7-inch in the UK.
Tickets are on sale now for Marr's upcoming nationwide headlining tour. Kicking off on the West Coast on October 31, the tour includes a stop at Austin's Fun Fun Fun Festival. The 4-week trek builds upon Marr's well-received spring tour that included a show-stopping set at Coachella and a performance on Late Night With Jimmy Fallon where he performed his single "The Messenger" before launching into a thrilling rendition of The Smiths' classic "How Soon Is Now."
Johnny Marr U.S. Tour Dates
Oct 31 – Anaheim, CA @ House of Blues
Nov 01 – San Francisco, CA @ The Fillmore
Nov 02 – Los Angeles, CA @ The Fonda Theater
Nov 03 – Los Angeles, CA @ Hollywood Forever Cemetery
Nov 08 – Austin, TX @ Fun Fun Fun Festival
Nov 09 – Dallas, TX @ The Granada Theater
Nov 11 – Indianapolis, IN @ The Vogue
Nov 12 – Pittsburgh, PA @ Mr. Smalls Fun House
Nov 13 – Cleveland, OH @ Grog Shop
Nov 16 – New York, NY @ Webster Hall
Nov 17 – Baltimore, MD @ Rams Head Live!
Nov 19 – Carrboro, NC @ Cat's Cradle
Nov 20 – Asheville, NC @ The Orange Peel
Nov 22 – Nashville, TN @ Marathon Music Works
Nov 23 – Atlanta, GA @ Center StageStage
Nov 24 – Jacksonville, FL @ Freebird Live
Nov 25 – Orlando, FL @ The Beacham Theatre
Nov 26 – Fort Lauderdale, FL @ Culture Room
Tags Johnny Marr
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