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Review article: diagnosis and management of mesenteric ischaemia with an emphasis on pharmacotherapy
P. L. Kozuch, L. J. Brandt
Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics SCI(E) SCOPUS
Volume 34, Issue 11‐12
Volume 11, Issue S1
Volume 9 Suppl 2
Wiley in 2005
WILEY MEDLINE®/PubMed® British Library Crossref
꽃동네대학교 서울대학교 남서울대학교 settings
Medicine > Internal Medicine , Medicine > Pharmacology
Antioxidants, therapeutic use, Humans, Ischemia, diagnosis, drug therapy, Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion, Mesenteric Veins, Mesentery, blood supply, Thrombolytic Therapy, Thrombosis, Vasodilator Agents
Summary Mesenteric ischaemia results from decreased blood flow to the bowel, causing cellular injury from lack of oxygen and nutrients. Acute mesenteric ischaemia (AMI) is an uncommon disorder with high morbidity and mortality, but outcomes are improved with prompt recognition and aggressive treatment. Five subgroups of AMI have been identified, with superior mesenteric artery embolism (SMAE) the most common. Older age and cardiovascular disease are common risk factors for AMI, excepting acute mesenteric venous thrombosis (AMVT), which affects younger patients with hypercoaguable states. AMI is characterized by sudden onset of abdominal pain; a benign abdominal exam may be observed prior to bowel infarction. Conventional angiography and more recently, computed tomography angiography, are the cornerstones of diagnosis. Correction of predisposing conditions, volume resuscitation and antibiotic treatment are standard treatments for AMI, and surgery is mandated in the setting of peritoneal signs. Intra‐arterial vasodilators are used routinely in the treatment of non‐occlusive mesenteric ischaemia (NOMI) and also are advocated in the treatment of occlusive AMI to decrease associated vasospasm. Thrombolytics have been used on a limited basis to treat occlusive AMI. A variety of agents have been studied in animal models to treat reperfusion injury, which sometimes can be more harmful than ischaemic injury. Chronic mesenteric ischaemia (CMI) usually is caused by severe obstructive atherosclerotic disease of two or more splanchnic vessels, presents with post‐prandial pain and weight loss, and is treated by either surgical revascularization or percutaneous angioplasty and stenting.
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Father Louis Hartman at the ruins near Teileilât Ghassûl, 1959.
It is now almost two months since I sent you my last circular letter which was largely devoted to a description of my Christmas celebration in the Holy Land. I also told something in that letter about the archaeological excavation at Ghassûl in the Jordan Valley, where I had been working since the beginning of December. I ended by saying that I doubted if I would have the stamina to continue on this work till its scheduled conclusion on Feb. 20. Actually, this "dig" ended on Feb. 13, but I had already given up my job there on Jan. 22. Various reasons contributed to my decision to quit before the end of the "campaign." (Archaeologists use that term, as if their field work were a sort of military undertaking.) But the main reason was a matter of health. I was catching one cold after another in the changeable climate of winter near the Dead Sea, so that my intermittent absence of a few days here and few days there from the work made my presence rather useless. One must really stay put on such a job to be of any genuine service.
The weather, I must admit, was very good on the whole. The region where we were working, with its tremendous depth of 1200 feet below sea level, has a climate not unlike that of southern Florida. And what Yankee would not like to be in Florida during January? Most days were calm and sunny, with the thermometer going well up in the eighties around noontime and the nights just comfortably cool. I used to love to go out at night, when the full moon would plate the whole desert with unearthly silver or when on moonless nights the countless army of the stars would march across the sky in most brilliant array. But about once a week a fierce storm would hit us, that might last only a few hours or might continue for two or three days--not a storm of rain, for we never got more than a slight sprinkle, but one of wild wind and blinding sand. A sandstorm in the desert is a most frightening experience, and I lived through a half dozen of them at Ghassûl. The big clouds that start such a storm rolling are not just dark gray; they are positively black. No wonder Hebrew had a special word for them. Then when the first strong winds come, they don't merely howl; they roar. And the air is filled with driven dust and sand, just as it is with snow in a blizzard. This fine dry dirt piles up in drifts and puts a layer of dust on everything in the house. No window or door is tight enough to keep it out. You eat it and drink it and sleep in it. After my first sandstorm down there, which lasted from sunset to midnight, I learned to have more respect for the tents of the beduins. Though our own strongly built adobe house of four small rooms stood like a fortress against the attack of the gale, I expected to find in the morning that half of the beduin tents had been blown away. Actually, I saw at the dawn's late light that they were all still there, every one of these sprawling structures, mere low awnings and side-flaps made of black goat-hair cloth. Much sand had drifted against them, but their long strong ropes and deeply driven pegs had held fast against the fury of the wind.
For me, the most interesting thing about Ghassûl were its beduins. Almost all of our fifty to sixty workers were recruited from among them. The nearest town was too far away. There were two different tribes or clans of beduins here, one camped to the northeast of the dig, the other to the southwest. (Our own house was directly east of the dig, about a ten-minute walk in between, and behind this house, further to the east, the desert had been irrigated into a verdant garden of tomatoes and bananas by water pumped from not too deep below the valley floor.) Though these two beduin tribes had both been driven out of the Beersheba region of southern Palestine by the invaders from "the other side," they hardly lived on very friendly terms with each other. Occasionally an inter-tribal fight would flare up among our workers, who would thereupon pull out their daggers and wave their clubs. But these quarrels seldom got beyond the use of loud language. Only once did anyone get hurt, when one of our best foreman got hit in the back by a pickax that had been aimed at his head. The culprit, who belonged to tribe A, while the foreman belonged to tribe B (I forget the real names of the tribes), was promptly fired. That evening his sheikh, who had all the noble bearing of an American Indian chief, came to our house and pleaded for the rehiring of his tribesman. His excuse was that his men at times get "nervous." After much palavering, an indemnity was agreed on, peace was patched up, and a bloodfeud avoided. Only then did the sheikh accept our proffered demitasse of black coffee.
I myself got along almost too well with the beduin workers in my section. They became embarrassingly friendly and occasionally would use more of their time in trying to teach me Arabic or in mere horseplay than in working. In fact, this was one of the contributing reasons for my decision to quit before the end: I was gradually losing all control of my men. They were great moochers of cigarettes. Though they rolled their own smokes with some kind of vile-smelling weed, they much preferred my cheap "store" cigarettes. Their regular approach was: "Abúna, énte kuwáiyes; eddíni sigára--Father, you're a swell guy; give me a cigarette." Sometimes when I refused, as I usually did, the beggar would grab me and hold his sharp dagger to my throat, while the rest laughed in great glee. All in good clean fun, of course, and I joined in the spirit. I knew no one would ever harm me. In fact, they would have stabbed to death anyone who really hurt me. I was too valuable a source of free cigarettes.
I became quite an expert in telling time in Arabic. About every ten minutes one of the workers would ask me: "Gaddésh es-sá'ah--How much the hour?" So I knew how to answer: "It's nine less a quarter," or "three plus five-and-twenty," and so forth. Not that it mattered much to them what time it was. This was merely a way to pass the time. It was no use for me to show them my wristwatch; very few of them could tell time from it.
The little children of the beduins were especially lovable. Some of the pre-school-agers used to play "excavations," making a small "dig" of their own and carrying off the dirt in all seriousness. Or they would use the hill of soft dirt at our "dump" for a slide, having great fun in skidding down this on their bare bottoms. They looked so comical because in dress they were tiny copies of their papas and mamas. About a dozen boys (no girls!) of seven or eight years old had their "school" near our dig, right out on the open floor of the desert. The kindly young man who was their teacher always carried a switch, merely as the traditional symbol of his office, I think. The little fellows sat around in a perfect circle, each one swaying back and forth as he sung the Arabic alphabet out loud, while keeping his finger on one letter after another in his book: "Ah, ah, ah; bah, bah, bah; tah, tah, tah;" and so forth. Every boy, of course, was singing something different in a great bedlam of noise. One boy must have been in the second grade; the teacher proudly showed me how he could read whole sentences in his primer. The Government wants its future citizens to be literate and not like our workers, very few of whom could read or write. These men signed the receipt for their bi-weekly pay by putting an inky fingerprint after the amount of wages they received.
The real thing that all the children, girls as well as boys, were learning was the beduin way of life. Even the youngest of them, a few years after they could walk, became expert camel-riders. I once saw a girl, who could not have been more than ten years old, scramble up on the back of a camel, after she had made the proud beast kneel down at her command, and then use it to round up some other camels that were grazing a little way off from the encampment. Merely by tapping her mount in the right way with her stick, she made him nudge the other animals back to the camp. Whole families would start out in the morning with their donkeys and camels for some far-off region in the Jordan Valley, and then come trudging back in the evening with their beasts almost hidden under mountains of dry thornbushes--the only fuel these beduins used.
When our dig was half over and while I was still there, the director, Father North, threw a big party for all the workers. This was a mensif, held at the end of that days work. A mensif (I'm not sure of the spelling, but it sounds like that) is a special kind of beduin banquet. For our affair we used two whole sheep and some thirty pounds of rice. I don't know how Abu Sa'id, our cook, did it on his three "primus" burners, but the mutton was delicious and the boiled rice, soaked in hot leben (something like cottage cheese, but semi-liquid), melted in your mouth. Our "guests" sat on the ground in circles of about a dozen men or boys apiece, with an immense platter of rice and mutton in the middle. I squatted in the circle with the dignitaries, including a couple of sheiks and their sons. There is a special etiquette to be observed at a mensif. There are no knives, forks or spoons. You eat with your hand. Only the right hand! You tear off a piece of mutton and throw it into your mouth. Or you make a small ball of the steaming-hot rice and throw it into your mouth. That's right: you "throw" it. The hand should not come in contact with the mouth. Needless to say, I had no skill at all in this way of eating. The rice was too hot for me to squeeze into a neat ball, and my aim was not very good. My face and lap were soon well sprinkled with the sticky rice. However, a large sheet of very thin Arab bread is used as a napkin, and with this you wipe your face and retrieve and consume the stray rice. After the sheiks had given the customary belches to show their gratitude for having had more than enough to eat, bowls of water were passed around for washing face and hands, and then the usual muddy black coffee was served with cigarettes. The pleasantries that were now passed and the stories that were now told as the evening twilight settled down were almost completely lost on me, though Father North could hold his own quite well in Arabic.
There was a shepherd in the neighborhood who had a flock of about fifty sheep. All day long he had them grazing on the scanty growth that can be found here and there in the Jordan Valley. At evening he would lead (not drive) them back to the pump house near our rented house, where he watered his flock. Shortly before this, his fellow shepherd would bring about two dozen little lambs here, to wait for the return of the sheep. As the sheep came near our house, the lambs were let loose from the fold where they had been penned up, and it was a delight to see how each lamb ran towards its own mother. How a lamb can tell one sheep from another or how a ewe can tell her own lamb from the others, only lambs and ewes know. The meeting was accompanied with much bleating and gamboling about, and while the big sheep drank their full of water, the lambs worked away for dear life on their private milk fountains. Whatever flocks the beduins had were made up mostly of goats. These black goats somehow can find something to nibble on in even the driest-looking desert. Their kids do not have to stay home, but go all over with their mother goats. These long-haired black kids may not be quite as cute as the white woolly lambs, but they are more comical as they frisk about in crazy leaps.
Wild animals roam this region only at night. Several times in the evening we saw Foxes sneaking down the wady (gorge) in front of our house, and sometimes the howl of a jackal would get the vicious dogs of the beduins barking and so break the dead stillness of the desert night. I was told that there were also hyenas in the neighborhood, but to my disappointment I never saw one of these odd looking animals. One morning the workmen tried to sell me a hedgehog they had caught near the dig. They said it made good eating. I said, "No thanks." All I could see was a ball of short prickly spines, as the little beastie played possum. The workmen also caught several scorpions at the dig. These men, who generally went barefoot or at most wore only sandals on their feet, always kept their eyes open for a scorpion, which can give a painful, though not fatal sting with its flailing tail.
The main scientific purpose of our dig was to find whether there had been any change in the type of pottery at the various occupational levels of the site. Now that the dig is finished it's up to Father North to study the records and draw his conclusions in this matter. There was plenty of broken pottery at every level, though seldom a whole niece intact. Most of the pottery was very coarse stuff, none of it made on a wheel. It was an exasperating job trying to unravel the maze of different occupational levels. Since this town had been hit by frequent earthquakes, fallen walls of sun-dried bricks and layers of black ashes from the accompanying fires lay at all kinds of confusing angles. It was more interesting when we came upon the skeleton of a little baby buried in a jar beneath the floor of a house (as an infant sacrifice?), or upon a house wall with some fantastic design painted on its plaster. Those primitive people of about 3500 B.C. were rather remarkable artists. Father Mallon, who conducted the first campaigns here in the early 1930s, thought that this was the site of Sodom or Gomorra. Perhaps it is. The Bible is rather hazy about the location of these wicked cities of the lower Jordan Valley. The only trouble is that Abraham and Lot, who witnessed the destruction of Sodom and Gomorra, lived about two thousand years after the final destruction of our excavated city. Does the Bible do a little telescoping of a couple of millennia here? Whatever the ancient name of the place now called Ghassûl may have been, it was no insignificant village. This ancient unwalled city sprawled out to a much wider extent than the average walled city did in later Chanaan and ancient Israel.
We first marked off a few rectangles on certain still unexcavated parts of the site, and then gradually dug down into these spaces in such a way that their sides were left as straight walls from which the stratification could be read. It may surprise you to hear that, though such an operation is commonly known as a "dig," not a single shovel is used in the process. Besides pickaxes for breaking the harder ground, such as fallen brick walls, the ordinary tool is a sort of heavy triangular hoe. With the pointed end of this instrument the dirt is loosened, and with its side the dirt is pulled into "baskets" laid on their side. The "basket" is a sort of two-handled bucket made out of one ply of an old auto tire. The "pick men" are grown men who use the pickax (in Arabic, fass) and the pointed hoe (Arabic, kazma), and they generally acquire much skill in discerning stamped-clay floors and mud-brick walls, which must first be kept intact. The basket (Arabic, guffa) is handled by the "basket boys," teen-ages, who carry away the excavated dirt to the "dump" outside the area of the ancient inhabited site. The pick-men get 30 piastres (84 cents) a day, the basket-boys 20 piastres (56 cents) a day as their wages. (American labor unions, please do not note.) All I had to do as supervisor was to see that the men cleared the floors and walls correctly, to lend a hand myself with a trowel or small hand-broom when more delicate objects showed up, and to put in a separate basket, with the proper note marking the place and level, all the "artifacts"--pieces of broken pottery and various kinds of worked flints. No metal of any kind was found on the site while I was there. We worked on the tell (the ancient site) for three periods each day: 6:30-9:00 a.m.; 9:30-12 n,; 1-4 p.m. The evenings were spent in "recording" our finds at the house. As far as I care, Ghassûl can now be covered over forever with the sand of the desert of sunk eternally beneath the water of the Dead Sea.
Since the time that I quit the dig for good I have been on a week's visit to Egypt and on several one-day trips to various parts of Jordan. We had some interesting experiences on these one-day trips, but I an afraid it would take me too long to tell about them, at least in this letter, which is getting too long already. Suffice it to say a few words about my trip to Egypt. A visit to the land of the Pharaos was considered part of my "study" here in the Near East. But I preferred not to make the journey all by myself. Most of the people at this School had visited Egypt on their way to Jerusalem last summer or fall. So when John Marks of Princeton, N.J., but now living here, invited me to go along with him and his wife and two small children (a boy of five, and a girl of three and a half), I was happy to go in their company to Egypt. These children were real troopers and never complained of any long walks or delayed meals. All the long legs of the journey between Jerusalem, Cairo and Luxor we made by air, on the two-engine planes of Misr-air, the Egyptian Air Line.
Cairo, with its three million inhabitants, is on the whole quite a modern city, the largest city in Africa and the largest Arabic-speaking city in the world. Its main attraction for us was its large Museum, stuffed to overflowing with all kinds of antiquities from the time of the Pharaos. But we also visited a few of its famous mosques, as well as its medieval citadel, that overlooks the whole city. The old souk or section of medieval shopping streets here is not nearly as interesting as the souks of Jerusalem, Damascus or Aleppo. We stayed overnight and had our meals at the Hotel Semiramis, a big establishment that has kept everything in the same plush style it had when it was erected at the beginning of the century. It faces on the avenue that runs along the eastern bank of the Nile, just as the brandnew, super-deluxe Hotel Hilton does a couple of blocks away. One whole day we spent going with a hired auto and guide out of Cairo to visit the well-known pyramids at Giza, as well as the tombs and other monuments at Saqara, ancient Memphis. It's quite a long drive to Saqara, about a dozen miles, I think, south of Cairo. We passed one farmer village after another as we drove along the canals that parallel the Nile and bring its water to irrigate the black soil of the Nile Valley and fill it with luxuriant crops all year round. Life here is still practically the same as it was during the three-thousand years of Egyptian history before the time of Christ. These dark-skinned fellahin or farmers look the same and work the same as they always did. The only difference is that once they spoke Egyptian and worshipped many queer-looking gods, then later they spoke Coptic (a development of old Egyptian) and worshipped Christ, and now they speak Arabic and worship Mohammed's Allah--except for a small Christian minority of Arabic-speaking Copts.
The three-hour plane ride "up south" from Cairo to Luxor, with a short stop half way at Assiut, gave us a good view of the Egyptian landscape, where all the country is barren rock and sand except for the green ribbon, from one to a dozen miles wide, of the Nile Valley. It may seem odd to you to be speaking of "up south" and "down north," but that's the way things are in Egypt. The Nile, you see, rises in the high mountains of Ethiopia, with their heavy winter rainfall, far in the south, and runs through the desert to the Delta of the Nile at the Mediterranean in the north. "Upper Egypt," therefore, is in the south, and "Lower Egypt" is in the north. Cairo is in Lower Egypt, Luxor in Upper Egypt. Luxor is a relatively small town, though surprisingly quite Christian. There is a very large Catholic Coptic church, a much smaller Schismatic Coptic church, a Latin Catholic church (in charge of the Franciscans, where I said Mass), and even a Coptic Presbyterian church. Luxor's only claim to fame is that, together with its neighboring village of Karnak, it occupies the site of No, which the Greeks called Thebes, the capital of Egypt from the l6th to the 12th century B.C., when the Pharaos ruled over a far-flung empire. Like all tourists, we duly gaped and gasped at the immense temples at Karnak, where the largest of their many halls is bigger than St. Peter's in Rome. The Pharaos were the spiritual ancestors of the movie-producers of Hollywood: they did everything in a truly colossal way. We also crossed the Nile here in a large launch (filled with natives carrying chicken coops and farm produce) to visit the Valley of the Tombs of the Kings with its many underground sepulchers, including that of King Tut, and all the other famous sights on this side of the Nile.
In Cairo it had been warm, but in Luxor it was really hot. The flies here were as pesty as the men who everywhere tried to sell us fake antiquities. At the old-fashioned but comfortable "Hotel Luxor" I needed the canopy of mosquito netting that was over my bed, for the screenless windows let in too many of these bloodthirsty insects. Sitting in the warm shade under the palm trees and watching the white ibises stalk through the green fields while the buzzards circled overhead, I found it hard to believe that just at that time, the end of January, you might have been having a snowstorm in America.
On the flight out, from Jerusalem to Cairo, we had had clouds between our plane and the land below almost all the way, but on the return journey we were blessed with a cloudless day. Since our plane had to avoid Israeli territory, our two-and-a-half-hour flight from Cairo to Jerusalem went on almost the same course that the ancient Israelites followed on their Exodus from Egypt and their entrance into the Promised Land, when they too had to skirt the Land of Chanaan. The Cairo airport is northeast of the city, near ancient Heliopolis, the traditional place where the Holy Family went on their Flight into Egypt. From there we flew straight east to the swampy lake where the ancient Israelites had probably made their crossing. To the north of us was the continuation of the Suez Canal, to the south of us the port of Suez. The many ships that were waiting there at the head of the Dead Sea looked like little toy boats from the air. Then as we flew over the Sinai Peninsula we could see to the south of us the rugged peaks of the Sinai Range, where the Lord gave Moses the Ten Commandments. Below us lay "the vast and terrible desert" where the children of Israel roamed for forty years. Before long we reached the Gulf of Aqabah, the eastern arm of the Red Sea. The dark-eyed Egyptian stewardess pointed out the four countries below us: Egypt with its Sinai peninsula to the southwest, Saudi Arabia to the southeast, Jordan to the northeast, and Israel to the northwest--all meeting at a common point at the head of this gulf. The Jordanese port of Aqabah and the Israeli port of Elath--both only little towns--looked dangerously near each other from the air. Then we turned and flew up north over the high granite mountains of Edom with the desolate valley of the Araba (south of the Dead Sea) to the west of us. Flying at a low altitude over the plateau of ancient Moab with the deep pit of the Dead Sea now to the west, we got some wonderful views of the little farming towns on this high fertile plain, especially a magnificent view of Kerak with the ruins of its great Crusader castle perched on the brink of the cliff that towers over the Dead Sea abyss. After circling over the city of Amman, the capital of Jordan, we turned west over the Jordan Valley and passed high above Jericho. Good old Ghassûl was too far to the south to be visible. We did not have to lose much altitude to land. Only a couple of minutes after the plane reached the highlands on the western side of the Jordan Valley it rolled down along the rolly-coaster runway at the Jerusalem airport, a dozen miles north of the Holy City.
This would hardly be a real letter unless it had something to say about the weather before coming to its end. According to all the old-timers here, this has been one of the driest winters so far on record. During December and the first half of January we had many bleak, cloudy days with some slight drizzles, but with no good downpours. And ever since then--for a whole month now in the middle of the "rainy season" ! --we have had nothing but dry, sunny weather. Unless the "latter rains" of March are good and heavy, Jerusalem is in for a fearful drought this year. Though the fields are now green with winter wheat, it is not as high as it should be at this time of the year. A good month ago, earlier than usual, the almond trees began to bloom. On the hillsides around here there are a surprisingly large number of these trees, which for weeks were completely covered with their lovely white or light-pink blossoms. The charming anemones are now blooming on the fields. With their brilliant crimson petals these are most likely the flowers that Christ referred to when He pointed out the "lilies of the field" and said that Solomon in all the glory of his robes of royal crimson was not arrayed like one of these.


Las Vegas, U.S.A., January 7, 2013: HUAWEI, a leading global information and communications technology (ICT) solutions provider, unveiled the HUAWEI Ascend D2 at the 2013 Consumer Electronics Show (CES) today. The latest hero product in HUAWEI's Ascend series of smartphones, the HUAWEI Ascend D2 runs on Android 4.1 and features a 5-inch FHD IPS+ 443 PPI Super Retina LCD display, HUAWEI's K3V2 1.5 GHz quad-core CPU and a 13 MP BSI camera. With its 3000 mAh battery and HUAWEI's proprietary Quick Power Control (QPC) and Automated Discontinuous Reception (ADRX) battery efficiency technology, the Ascend D2 has a stand-by time of six days on WCDMA .
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
Q: Update values dynamically in MongoDB I'm working on an inventory management app, and I need to update inventories according to a value provided by the user. Let's say we have 5 of one item, the user adds 3 on the front-end form, the updated value should be 8.
I've been unable to make mongo update the number.
router.put('/show/:id', isLoggedIn, catchAsync(async(req, res)=>{
const {id} = req.params;
const qty = parseInt(req.body.cantidad)
if(qty>0){
    const item = await Inv.findById(id)
    const update = parseInt(req.body.cantidad) + item.cantidad
    const updateInv = await Inv.findOneAndUpdate({ item: {cantidad:{$in: update}}}, {new :true})
    res.redirect(`/inv/show/${item._id}`)
} else {
    req.flash('error', 'Revise la cantidad')
    res.redirect('/inv/show')
}}));

And here's my model:
const InvSchema = new Schema({
nombre: {
    type: String,
    required: true,
    unique: true
},
cantidad: Number
});

A: You didn't change your update statement right. You shouldn't remove the first argument. As I said {new: true} should be the third input.
Anyway I think there is a better solution for what you want to do. As you already find the record with findById, you can use mongo/monoose save command instead of another findOneAndUpdate:
router.put('/show/:id', isLoggedIn, catchAsync(async(req, res)=>{
  const {id} = req.params;
  const qty = parseInt(req.body.cantidad)
  if(qty>0){
    const item = await Inv.findById(id)
    item.cantidad = parseInt(req.body.cantidad) + item.cantidad // Change this line to change item's property directly
    await item.save() // Save the item in database
    //const updateInv = await Inv.findOneAndUpdate({ item: {cantidad:{$in: update}}}, {new :true}) // Remove this line
    res.redirect(`/inv/show/${item._id}`)
  } else {
    req.flash('error', 'Revise la cantidad')
    res.redirect('/inv/show')
  }
}));

I think this is a cleaner approach.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Bruce Lindley McCormack (born 1952) is Charles Hodge Professor of Systematic Theology at Princeton Theological Seminary. His work focuses on the history of modern theology. McCormack has proposed that Karl Barth's view of Scripture has been misinterpreted, and has proposed a "Neo-Barthian" interpretation.

Background and career
After graduating from Point Loma Nazarene University and earned the bachelor degree in economic/business administration and religion in 1976, McCormack began his journey of theological education in the Covenant Theological Seminary (Missouri) in the late 1970s. In 1978, he transferred his studies to his original denominational seminary, Nazarene Theological Seminary and earned his M.Div. degree there in 1980. He recalled being moved from a Wesleyan-Arminian perspective to a Reformed one in Nazarene Theological Seminary after he was disappointed by John Wesley's doctrine of prevenient grace.

In 1980, he got married with Mary Schmidt McCormack who is now serving as the director of women's ministries in Stone Hill Church of Princeton.

He received his Ph.D. from Princeton Theological Seminary in 1989.

He was awarded the international Karl Barth Prize by the Board of the Evangelical Church of the Union in Germany in 1998. This was given to his publication Karl Barth's Critically Realistic Dialectical Theology (1995), in which a paradigm shift of reading Barth was proposed in the studies of Karl Barth. He also holds an honorary doctorate of theology awarded by the Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena in Germany in 2004.

Teachings

McCormack served as the Lecturer in Reformed Theology in the University of Edinburgh from 1987-1991. He later returned to his
alma mater, Princeton Theological Seminary and took the role of Weyerhaeuser Associate Professor of Systematic Theology from 1991-1998, and became the Weyerhaeuser Professor of Systematic Theology starting from 1998 onwards. Since 2009,
McCormack served as the Charles Hodge Professor of Systematic Theology until now.

He was also invited to be the speaker of The T.F. Torrance Lectures (2008, titled "The Humility of the Eternal Son: A Reformed Version of Kenotic Christology") in the University of St. Andrews, The Croall Lectures (2011, titled "Abandoned by God: The Death of Christ in Systematic, Historical, and Exegetical Perspective") in the University of Edinburgh, and The Kenneth Kantzer Lectures (2011, titled "The God Who Graciously Elects: Seven Lectures on the Doctrine of God") in the Trinity Evangelical Divinity School.

Works

Books

Articles and chapters

References

Princeton Theological Seminary faculty
20th-century Calvinist and Reformed theologians
21st-century Calvinist and Reformed theologians
American Calvinist and Reformed theologians
1952 births
Living people

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


In a long interview with NBC News on Wednesday, Donald Trump shared a privately held truth with the American public.
"I'm going to win the Latino vote," the reality TV star turned Republican presidential candidate said. "I love the Mexican people. I love their spirit. Many of them work for me right now."
But the pitch didn't stop there.
Trump came bearing "jobs" — "I will be the 'jobs president'," he said, before pledging to build an "impenetrable" border wall with the Mexican government's money. He also guaranteed that none of the Mexican-born men and women working on his properties were in the country without proper documentation.
When he paused from praising the fine character of immigrants — "not illegal immigrants!" — Trump set about roasting Democrat Hillary Clinton, declaring her the worst secretary of state in American history.
Trump and Clinton had been on friendly terms, at least in private, before the campaign began. By Tuesday, though, the relationship had taken a less chummy tone, as Clinton pronounced herself "very disappointed" in Trump for describing immigrants entering the U.S. across the Southern border as "rapists" and "killers."
Wrapping up their chat, interviewer Katy Tur thanked Trump. They shook hands. He called it a "great honor."
For Trump, the positives are in the Republican primary polls. In a crowded field that could swell to 16 candidates before the end of the summer, Trump trails only former Florida Gov. Jeb Bush in the latest CNN/WMUR 9 poll out of New Hampshire. Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker, another establishment favorite, leads in Iowa, home to the first nominating contest, with Trump and Dr. Ben Carson nipping at his heels, according to a recent survey by Quinnipiac University.
So what's next for Trump, who is all but assured a place on the Republican primary debate stage in Cleveland on Aug. 6?
The circus is heading west.


text:
Marilyn Henson
Marilyn Henson, age 87, born to Edward and Marcides Ackerman, laid at rest January 16, 2016. Beloved wife of the late Bernie Henson, Sr; Loving mother of the late Bernie Henson, Jr, Larry (Cindy) Henson, Gary (the late Laura) Henson, Dawn Haverman (the late Denny Turley), Terry (Pat) Henson, and Candie (John) Janicik; Devoted grandmother of thirteen, great-grandmother of eight and great-great grandmother of two; Cherished sister of the late Geraldine; Dear aunt to many nieces and nephews. Marilyn was the definition of love; warm in her frequent embraces, infectious with her laughter, and kind to all she touched. A social butterfly, Marilyn was a proud member of the Red Hats Society of Mayslake Village. Memorial visitation Thursday January 21st from 9:30 am until the time of Mass 10:30 am at Notre Dame Catholic Church 64 Norfolk Ave; Clarendon Hills, IL. Services will conclude at the church. Inurnment to be held at Valhalla Gardens of Memory 3412 Frank Scott Parkway West; Belleville IL with a service in the Mausoleum Chapel at 11:00 am on Saturday January 23rd. In lieu of flowers, memorials to Mayslake Village 1801 35th St; Oak Brook, IL 60523 or St. Thomas Hospice 119 E. Ogden Ave; Hinsdale, IL 60521 would be appreciated. Service information 630-325-2300 or www.adolfservices.com
Mildred Rose Marek
Mildred Rose Marek, age 88, (nee: Valvoda) at rest January 13, 2016. Beloved wife of Frank J. Marek for 66 years. Loving mother of Joanne (Bill) Iwinski and Linda (Tim) Belmont. Dear grandmother of Kimberly and Kelly Belmont. Fond sister of the late Joseph and Evelyn Valvoda. Mildred met her husband Frank, through their common interest in ballroom dancing. They frequently enjoyed dancing at Melody Mill and the Willowbrook Ballroom. They were married September 10th, 1949. Mildred was known as the family caretaker. She also enjoyed traveling with the family, special trips to Disneyland with the grandchildren, visiting relatives in the Czech Republic, doing needlepoint, reading and shopping. Visitation for Mildred will be held on Monday January 18, 2016 from 9:00 am. until the time of service 12:30 pm. at Adolf Funeral Home & Cremation Services, Ltd. 7000 S. Madison St. Willowbrook, IL 60527. Interment will be at Woodlawn Cemetery in Forest Park, IL. In lieu of flowers, memorials to The American Heart Association; 208 La Salle St. Suite #1500, Chicago, IL 60604 or www.heart.org would be appreciated. For funeral service information 630-325-2300 or www.adolfservices.com
Vincent J. Petrovski
Vincent J. Petrovski, age 93, U.S. Marine WWII Veteran, at rest January 10, 2016. Beloved husband of Ida D. Petrovski (nee:DiGrasse) for 50 years. Loving father of Janice (Andrew) MacLeod. Devoted grandfather of Katherine (J.P.) Glunz and Mary MacLeod. Dear brother of Charles (Julie) Petrovski and the late Helen (Stan) Mozelle and the late Yolanda (Bert) Moline. Fond uncle of many nieces and nephews. Visitation Friday January 15th from 9:00 am until time of service 10:30 am at Adolf Funeral Home & Cremation Services, Ltd. 7000 S. Madison St; Willowbrook. Interment: Bronswood Cemetery. In lieu of flowers, memorials to The Clarendon Hills Public Library 7 N. Prospect Ave; Clarendon Hills, IL 60514 (www.clarendonhillslibrary.org) or Semper Fi Fund 825 College Blvd; Suite 102; PMB 609; Oceanside, CA 92057 (www.semperfifund.org) would be appreciated. Service information: 630-325-2300 or www.adolfservices.com
Pat Essie Lee Aylward
Pat Essie Lee Aylward, age 91, beloved mother of Debra (Geoffrey, deceased) Callahan, Richard Chris (Maureen) Aylward, Ann (Tony) Cort, proud grandmother of six, great grandmother to one. Widowed in her mid 30s, she is an inspiration to her family as one who faced life's challenges with acceptance and persistence. Pat greeted everyone with her beautiful smile living a life of generosity and patience as she battled Alzheimer's disease for 11 years. Known for her knitting, quilting and needlepoint work, our family will cherish the many gifts of her handiwork. Our family is deeply grateful to the wonderful caregiving staff of King Bruwaert House. A memorial Mass will be celebrated on Thursday, January 14th, 10 AM, St. John the Baptist Church, S233 Church Street, Winfield, IL. Interment will be held at a later date. In lieu of flowers, donations to the Alzheimer's Association or King Bruwaert House are appreciated. Info at: 630-325-2300.
Josephine R Kucera
Josephine R Kucera (nee Majerik) age 97, at rest January 6, 2016. Beloved wife of the late George Sr. Loving daughter of the late George and Elizabeth Majerik. Dearest mother of George Jr., Elizabeth (Lee) Becvar and their children, Joshua (Kate) and Zachary, the late Kyle and grandson, Matthew Becvar, Thomas (Susan), and their children, Nicole and Thomas, Raymond (Anna) and their children, Matthew, Nathaniel and Jessica. Visitation Friday, January 8th from 3:00 pm to 8:00 pm at Adolf Funeral Home & Cremation Services, Ltd. 2921 S. Harlem Ave. Berwyn. Funeral Saturday, January 9th prayers 10:45am at the funeral home proceeding to St. Louise de Marillac Church 1144 Harrison Ave. LaGrange Park, for Mass at 11:30 am. Interment, Our Lady of Sorrows Cemetery. In lieu of flowers memorial donations can be made to the Salvatorians, Society of the Divine Savior, 1735 N. Hi-Mount Blvd. Milwaukee, WI 53208. For funeral info 708-484-4111 or www.adolfservices.com.
Mary Fleming Dempsey
Mary Fleming Dempsey, 80, longtime resident of Hinsdale, IL, passed away on January 3, 2016. She was born Mary Catherine Fleming on November 26, 1935, in Chicago where she attended grade school at St. Margaret of Scotland and high school at the Academy of Our Lady, also known as Longwood Academy. She graduated from St. Mary-of-the-Woods College, Indiana, in 1957 and taught grammar school in Chicago at Parker Elementary. In 1958, she married George F. Dempsey, an Air Force officer, and they subsequently lived in Tokyo, Anaheim, and Washington, D.C., before settling in Hinsdale.
Mary taught all levels at St. Isaac Jogues Parish Catholic School in Hinsdale spanning over 30 years before retiring in 2003.
She was an Active member of the Theatre of Western Springs (TWS), acting in The Man Who Came to Dinner, What Every Woman Knows and Cloud Seven, and others. She also designed costumes and served on the Board of Governors and was the TWS Chair during the 1995-1996 season. TWS recognized her with its highest honor, Active Laureate.
She is survived by her husband of 57 years, George, her children John, Mary Clare (Kevin Hitzeman), Joseph (Paula), William, and Patrick (Madhuri), and her sister Eileen Doherty (the late Patrick), and her sister-in-law, Mary Margaret Dempsey. She was preceded in death by her parents, John and Eileen Fleming.
Visitation will be at Adolf Funeral Home, Ltd., 7000 S. Madison St., Willowbrook, IL, (630) 325-2300, on Wednesday, January 6 from 4pm to 8pm. Reflections will be shared at 7pm.
Friends will meet for a Catholic funeral mass on Thursday, January 7th at 10am at St. Isaac Jogues Roman Catholic Church, 306 W. 4th St., Hinsdale, IL. Inurnment to follow at Queen of Heaven Cemetery, 1400 S. Wolf Road, Hillside, IL.
In lieu of flowers, donations are requested to the TWS Foundation, 4384 Hampton Avenue, Western Springs, IL 60558, http://www.theatrewesternsprings.com/how-to-support-our-theater-tws-foundation.Mary Fleming Dempsey, 80, longtime resident of Hinsdale, IL, passed away on January 3, 2016. She was born Mary Catherine Fleming on November 26, 1935, in Chicago where she attended grade school at St. Margaret of Scotland and high school at the Academy of Our Lady, also known as Longwood Academy. She graduated from St. Mary-of-the-Woods College, Indiana, in 1957 and taught grammar school in Chicago at Parker Elementary. In 1958, she married George F. Dempsey, an Air Force officer, and they subsequently lived in Tokyo, Anaheim, and Washington, D.C., before settling in Hinsdale.
Visitation will be at Adolf Funeral Home,Ltd., 7000 S. Madison St., Willowbrook, IL, (630) 325-2300, on Wednesday, January 6 from 4pm to 8pm. Reflections will be shared at 7pm.
Friends will meet for a Catholic funeral mass on Thursday, January 7 at 10am at St. Isaac Jogues Roman Catholic Church, 306 W. 4th St., Hinsdale, IL. Inurnment to follow at Queen of Heaven Cemetery, Hillside, IL.
In lieu of flowers, donations are requested to the TWS Foundation, 4384 Hampton Avenue, Western Springs, IL 60558, http://www.theatrewesternsprings.com/how-to-support-our-theater-tws-foundation.
August J. Russo
August J. Russo, age 64, at rest January 3, 2016. Beloved son of the late Michael and Gloria Russo. Loving brother of Michael (Linda), Maria (Alan) Pelc, Ronald and Jeffrey (Julie) Russo. Fond uncle of many nieces and nephews. Memorial visitation Thursday January 7th from 5:00 pm until time of prayer service 8:00 pm at Adolf Funeral Home & Cremation Services, Ltd. 2921 S. Harlem Ave; Berwyn. In lieu of flowers, memorials to the American Cancer Society would be appreciated. Information: 708-484-4111 or www.adolfservices.com
Timothy J. Moudry Sr.
Timothy J. Moudry Sr. age 67, at rest December 30, 2015. Beloved husband of Marie E. Moudry. Loving father of Kimberly (Jim) Quilty, Timothy Jr. (Amanda) Moudry, and Theresa (Brad) Deibert. Cherished Papa of Jack, James and Claire Quilty, Ellie and Cannon Moudry and Elliott Deibert. Loving brother of Colette (Don) Henley, Celeste (Dave) Inman, Claudia (Bob) Hunka, Chris (Don) Ernat and the late Thomas Moudry. Also survived by many nieces, nephews, great-nieces and great-nephews. Tim is preceded in death by his parents Mathias and Agnes Moudry. Tim will be remembered for his love of the White Sox, trains, kayaking, fishing and wood working. He will truly be missed by all of his friends and family. Visitation Sunday, January 3, 2016 from 1:00 - 8:00pm at Adolf Funeral Home & Cremation Services, Ltd. 2921 S. Harlem Ave. Berwyn. Funeral Monday, January 4, 2016 Prayers 9:15am at the Funeral Home proceeding to St. Leonard Catholic Church for Mass at 10:00am. Interment, Queen of Heaven Cemetery. In lieu of flowers memorial donations can be made to the Pancreatic Cancer Action Network, 1500 Rosecrans Ave. Ste. 200, Manhattan Beach, California, www.pancan.org. For funeral info: 708-484-4111 or www.adolfservices.com
Helen Mardula
Helen Mardula of Hinsdale, beloved wife of the late Edward. Loving mother of Steve (Patty) and the late David Mardula. Cherished grandmother of Catherine and Patrick.
St. Isaac Jogues Church is at the corner of 4th & Clay Streets in Hinsdale. Bronswood Cemetery is located at 3805 S. Madison St. in Oak Brook.
Ann G. Diedrich
50 year resident of Hinsdale. Beloved wife of the late Elmer M., Loving mother of Catherine (Alan) Weiss, Michael (Rosamond) Diedrich, Bridget Diedrich and Theresa Diedrich. Grandmother of Nicholas (K.C.) Diedrich and Amanda (Robert) Grapenthien. Great-grandmother of Grant, Jack, Brynn, Anna, Mesfin, Yeabsira, Bob and George. Sister of Lynn D. (Gary) Buffington. In lieu of flowers, memorials to charity of choice.


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text:
Getting in the win column: Men's lacrosse grabs first victory of the season
Jason Sands '17 fights off the Lehigh defender. (Courtesy of Athletic Communications)
Peyton Joseph
After nearly a month after playing in their season opener, the men's lacrosse team finally notched their first victory of the year.
The Leopards grabbed their first win of the season on March 11 against the Navy Midshipmen with a score of 9-8 to bring their record to 1-5. They jumped out to a quick start and managed to top Navy, which ranked in the top 10 at the beginning of the season and 28th in the country in late February.
Junior Luke Smith led the Leopards in the first half getting a hat trick in the first 30 minutes of the game and providing the men a 6-3 lead heading in halftime. It was Navy who took control out of the locker room and brought the Midshipmen within two goals. Lafayette answered with three goals of their own and extended their lead to 9-5 heading into crunch time. The Midshipmen fought back and brought the game to within one goal, scoring three goals in the final quarter, but were unable to secure the comeback.
This gave Lafayette their first win of the year, with sophomore goalie Jonathan Anastos having 11 saves throughout the day.
"I thought it was a great effort in all facets of the game, the guys really understood and executed the game plan very well, and I'm proud of them and their effort to get the win," said head coach Jim Rogalski.
The Leopards then moved onto their next game against rival Lehigh with a bit of confidence from their previous victory. Unfortunately for the Leopards, the confidence didn't translate into results and they fell to the Mountain Hawks 15-7. The Leopards struggled to find the net for most of the game and found themselves in a 5-1 hole after the first quarter and a 7-3 deficit heading into the break.
Sophomores Conor Walters and Connar Dehnert were the only Leopards to tally multiple goals on the day with two goals apiece. Anastos let 15 goals slip by on the afternoon. The Mountain Hawks led in most categories including ground balls, 39-36, and won 15 of the 26 face-offs.
The Leopards return to action after spring break to prepare for a Patriot League tilt against Boston University on Saturday March 25, where they will look to take their second conference victory.
Freshman Peter Lehman named Patriot League Rookie of the Year; Men's lacrosse standout led the team in scoring this spring
'Just keep plugging away': The future is bright for the men's lacrosse team despite winless spring
Cunningham shines in a rough season for women's lacrosse
Men's lacrosse drops two non-conference games to open season
Men's lacrosse remains winless after loss to nationally-ranked Army
Men's lacrosse still searching for first win after dropping triple overtime thriller to Binghamton
Men's lacrosse begins season with loss to top-ranked Penn State
Lax lacks in Patriot League play: Lacrosse records combine for one conference win
Second half strength: Men's lacrosse battles for comeback win in HEADstrong Classic


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