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Chelsea M. DeGlopper
User Experience Research & Design
Making Sense of Visual Stimuli: Preattentive Processing and Soundboard Design
October 30, 2017 November 5, 2018 Chelsea DeGlopperWriting
Behringer Europower PMP6000
In response to the overwhelming amount of stimuli taken in by the retina, the early stages of visual processing are centered around grouping, clustering, segmentation, and finding patterns. This initial process of turning an array of individual signals into packets of information to be further processed at later stages of vision is commonly referred to as preattentive processing, and refers to only the information that can be gleaned from a single fixation of the eye. Since eye movements take approximately 200-250 msec.s to execute, anything processed under that threshold is considered preattentive. "Examples of preattentive features include colour, orientation, intensity, size, shape, curvature, and line length" (Healey, Booth & Enns, 1993, p. 1).
In order to create designs that can be understood quickly and effortlessly, it is important to understand how the perceptual system is neurologically tuned to create patterns, in order to coordinate rather than compete with these processes. Preattentive principles can be leveraged to improve the efficiency and accuracy of common visual tasks including boundary detection and grouping, target detection, and estimation (Healey, 1999, p. 209).
To illustrate some of these grouping principles, evaluation of the preattentive attributes of a sound mixing board will be used as an example. A sound board is an example of a product that looks incredibly complex to the uninitiated; however, a basic understanding of its function can render it significantly more simple to navigate. While preattentive groupings are of course no replacement for domain knowledge, effective employment of proximity, similarity, and other principles may increase its learnability and reduce cognitive load even for experienced users.
The common principles that seem to govern grouping of visual elements were first codified by Wertheimer and other Gestaltists in the early 20th century. The patterns that they observed included grouping by similarity of color, shape, size, or orientation, proximity, continuity, closure, symmetry, and common fate (moving the in the same direction). More recently, Palmer and colleagues have identified additional powerful grouping principles of common region (1992) and element connectedness (Palmer & Rock, 1994), which holds that elements within an enclosure or linked by lines establishes a preferred grouping, even when in conflict with proximity or similarity cues. Although these principles have been acknowledged and studied since their inception, "the neural correlates that govern them have yet to be entirely clarified" (Sasaki, 2007, p. 132). Increasingly sophisticated understanding of the neuroscience of vision and "recent neuroimaging techniques…have revealed brain activity related to Gestalt laws and perceptual organization" (Sasaki, 2007, p. 132).
In the process of identifying objects from an array of visual stimuli, proximity is a natural and essential, yet not sufficient, first step in object discrimination (Loffler, 2008, p. 2106). In lower visual areas, neurons are organized retinotopically, preserving this important location information (Stone, 2010, p. 103). Investigation of the precise role of attention in early visual processing has led Trick & Enns (1997) to differentiate 'clustering' of nearby elements, a pre-attentive process, from complete shape-formation, which may rely on top-down feedback, which their research indicated are separable operations.
The identification of enclosure and boundaries is another key step in this process.Edge detection, which results from combinations of zero-crossings from excitation to inhibition in retinal ganglion cells (Marr & Hildreth, 1980), is essential to establishing both shapes and boundaries. Palmer & Rock characterize edge detection as "an early step in perceptual organization, one that begins the process of partitioning the image into connected regions of uniform sensory properties," (1994, p. 33). Elder & Zucker suggest that textures can create regions not due specifically to areas of textural differences but rather the distinct boundary created where two textures meet, due to the fact that "the 'filling-in' of region information follows the neural grouping of the bounding contour by between 50 and 150 msec." making texture segmentation a subset of bounding contours (1998, p. 151).
Similarity is another fundamental grouping principle, although recent research indicates that it may involve slightly higher areas of the visual cortex (Sasaki, 2007, p. 132). Grouping by color, size, luminance, and orientation are all supported by specifically tuned cells along the visual pathway. Cells that transmit visual information from the retina along the optic tract to the lateral geniculate nuclei and into the visual cortex are "each tuned to a specific pattern," and "a neuron can detect the presence of its preferred pattern in the midst of a complex retinal image" (Stone, 2012, p. 33-34). Livingstone & Hubel describe the differences between the magnocellular and parvocellular pathways in the lateral geniculate nuclei, which "differ physiologically in four major ways-color, acuity, speed, and contrast sensitivity" (1988, p. 741). The magno pathway is sensitive to achromatic contrast and contributes to motion detection and analysis, while the parvo pathway is involved in encoding static form and color (Stone, 2012, p. 87-88). This differentiation continues into the visual cortex.
Other Groupings
In addition to these main principles, a number of others have also been observed. For example, Wolfe & Friedman-Hill (1992) found that a symmetrical background texture aids in target recognition while symmetry between distractors and the target hinders recognition. Some aspects of depth can be processed preattentively, including stereopsis and elements of occlusion and positioning (Livingstone & Hubel, 1988, p. 746). Other recognized factors include motion, curvature, and shadow among others (see Healey, Booth, & Enns, 1996, p. 112).
Luna & Montoro (2011) differentiate between intrinsic grouping principles, such as shape, position, or color, and extrinsic principles, such as common region or connectedness, as by lines or abutment. They found that when intrinsic and extrinsic principles are used redundantly, the grouping effect is reinforced, but when they are in conflict, grouping becomes unclear or fluctuates (p. 1475). Similarly, preattentive just-noticeable-differences (JND), including color and orientation, are coarser than the JND of foveal, attentive vision (Wolfe, 1994, p. 207). Gori & Spillman (2009) also found that "the threshold for perceiving stimuli as irregularly spaced or dissimilar in size or brightness is much smaller than the threshold for grouping" (p. 1194). Therefore, in design terms, just because a subtle difference can be perceived when examining two elements does not necessarily mean that it will be a useful differentiation during preattentive processing.
Theories of Visual Search
A number of theories of visual processing have been proposed to provide a working model of vision and visual search to bridge the gap between known neurological processes and observable phenomena. Perhaps the most influential is the Feature Integration Theory (FIT), first proposed by Treisman & Galade in 1980. The basis of FIT is that there are certain elements of a visual scene that are processed pre-attentively. These preattentive elements were organized into 'dimensions', like color or orientation, which corresponded to proposed separate perceptual subsystems, and individual 'features' or particular values in a dimension (red, vertical), a terminology which has endured (1980, p. 89). These features will tend to 'pop out' such that they may be searched in parallel. Parallel searches are characterized by a very fast response time which does not increase as the number of distractors increases. When the target of a search is characterized by more than one feature, referred to as a conjunction however the search is likely to be processed serially and requires directed attention in which each item is evaluated for a match one after another (Treisman & Galade, 1980; Quinlan, 2003). Although FIT and its later incarnations have received criticism on a number of levels, it has had an enduring impact.
Duncan & Humphreys' (1989) similarity theory of visual search built on FIT but instead of upholding a distinction between parallel and serial search or feature vs. conjunction targets, posited a continuum of search difficulty as function of the similarity between targets and non-targets (greater similarity increases RT) and well as similarity among non-targets (greater similarity decreases RT). This too has been complicated by more recent research, but it does provide a solid common sense guidance for understanding what features are most likely to stand out and how to manipulate their salience. A slightly different conception is provided by Huang & Paschler's Boolean map theory (2007). This model stipulates that "the visual system can select one feature at one time (feature-by- feature selection), and the process yields a map of the spatial distribution of the feature (obligatory encoding of location) with the option of combining this map with a preexisting map (Boolean operations)" (p. 603). Other models include Wolfe's theory of guided search (1994) and Itti, Kock & Neibur's model of saliency-based visual attention (1998).
Conceptions of preattentive visual processing have traditionally been associated exclusively with feedforward, or bottom-up, information processing. Recent research indicates that this is most likely a somewhat artificial distinction (Khorsand, Moore & Soltani, 2015), yet it remains helpful for basic understanding and design applications. For example, in regard to accurate estimation of small numerical values without serial counting, this process ('subitizing') has been assumed to be preattentive due to its conformance to parallel search patterns in testing. Recent research suggests that this process may indeed depend on attentional resources (Hesse, Schmitt, Klingenhoefer & Bremmer, 2017), however for design purposes, all that is necessary to know is that this process happens very quickly, accurately, and effortlessly.
The example considered here is a Behringer Europower PMP4000 16-channel mixer, however the basic layout and many of the design components of this model are common to a variety of similar products. The organization and design of the numerous components provide a range of preattentive grouping cues, drawing on shape, color, proximity, orientation, common region, and others, some helpful, and others less so. At the highest level, similarity in shape and size help to group like with like according to function and affordance (fig. 1), from XLR (a) and ¼" jack inputs (b) to knobs (c) and sliders (d).
In some places, however, such groupings compete with one another. The spacing of the knobs in the center console (e) taken alone would result in a vertical grouping due to a greater distance between the columns compared to the rows. The color-coding of individual knobs, as well as the variation in the intensity of the background color, however, suggest horizontal groupings of differing sizes. On this level too, in some places, these two factors coordinate, as in the section of blue knobs, while in others they compete, as where the pink vs. orange knobs may suggest segregation but the common area established by the dark gray background supports unity. These competing grouping indicators may reflect the complex relationships among these elements, but in general the conflict will weaken preattentive processing cues, reducing efficiency in comprehension.
In fact, the overall horizontal orientation of this layout, while not without logic, significantly impairs understanding of the basic system structure in terms of physical architecture as well as user control. The audio channels are actually organized vertically, from an individual audio input connected at the top of the board, the signal from which then travels down through various modifications, before reaching the final volume fader at the bottom the board. A vertical orientation is also the preferred grouping in the user manual, likely for this reason (fig. 2). While there is some suggestion of this underlying structure in the boundaries created by the fine white vertical lines in addition to proximity, the visual weight is not sufficient to compete with the strongly horizontal color and shape groupings. This is a basic understanding that is fundamental to console operation, and yet it is mostly obscured the preattentive elements of the design.
Color is used effectively (fig. 3) to signal the relationship between the individual and master controls in pink (Monitor 1 & 2; f & l) and orange (FX; g & k). The same is true for the pink monitor controls between the main bank and the corresponding controls in auxiliary stereo controls to the right (i). An undesirable correspondence exists however between the bottom row of black knobs (L-R Balance/Pan) and the black knobs to the right (Level). Due to their identical shape and color, as well as similar positioning and small size, they are likely to be confused.
Enclosure is used throughout to indicate related sets of controls. An example of this can be seen in the inputs at the top right (fig. 4). Here the vertical orientation suggested by proximity is reinforced by line enclosure. Although the lines used to create common regions do not connect, the principle of continuation suggests that these will be perceived as complete bounding boxes. This is beneficial to the left of the image area (m) as it provides separation for the individual channels. On the right (n), conversely, the columns are pairs of inputs with each row acting as a separate unit (electronically), again introducing conflict between the spacing and other cues. Instead of equal spacing between the three right-most columns, a smaller gap between the first two and a larger gap before the third would clarify their functional relationship preattentively.
The relatively light weight of these lines means that they are best used redundantly rather than to drive preattentive grouping. Palmer & Rock's principle of element connectedness comes into play to link the "voice canceller" button to the input to which it can be applied (p). The line that connects the two elements provides a clear indication of their relationship even in the absence of similarity or any particular proximity clue when examined closely, but it is possible that it would not be a strong enough signal to act preattentively.
In the center of this section (fig. 4), alignment creates another false impression in areas 9/10 and 11/12 (o). In reality, the top white & red inputs and the bottom two silver inputs in each "column" serve the same purpose but simply provide alternative sockets for two different types of connectors. While this equivalence is disguised by the offset positioning of these pairs of inputs to the left, on the right, the top four white & red inputs are indeed a separate system from the inputs below. In styling these two sections the same way in the pursuit of symmetry (another preattentively processed feature but misused here) and perhaps to make room for the voice canceller button, the appearance of similarity belies the very different relationships in these two sets of connectors. The only indication of this difference is the horizontal separator to the right, but again, its relative strength, especially at a distance or in the low-light conditions often associated with the context of use, it is unlikely to predominate.
The exact nature of the visual pathways in the brain the best way to represent them in a userful, cohesive model of visual processing are very much ongoing questions. While modern vision science has increasingly blurred the line between pre- and post-attentive processes in early perception, the basic insights into how visual elements are grouped and organized at this nearly instantaneous and subconscious level commonly termed preattentive provide valuable guidance for interface design and information visualization. Understanding the biological evidence for why certain design principles and best practices, as well as quantitative guidance from research in terms of perceptible differences, can help designers make informed and effective choices.
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design reviewhcipreattentive processingresearch-based
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There's more to a Farmers' Market than just fruit and veggies.
At the Clunes Farmers Market, we feature everything from locally grown greens to delicious fudge, which is one of the reasons that we were featured by Bupa Travel Insurance for being one of Australia's best farmers markets to visit.
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Report: Carlos Correa Declined $285M Twins Offer Before Signing $350M Giants Contract
Mike Chiari@@mikechiariTwitter LogoFeatured Columnist IVDecember 14, 2022
David Berding/Getty Images
Shortstop Carlos Correa reportedly turned down an offer to return to the Minnesota Twins before signing with the San Francisco Giants on Tuesday night.
According to Jon Heyman of the New York Post, Correa declined to sign a 10-year, $285 million deal with the Twins. Instead, he agreed to a 13-year, $350 million pact with the Giants, per ESPN's Jeff Passan.
At $350 million, Correa's contract is the richest ever for a shortstop, surpassing the $341 million deal Francisco Lindor signed with the New York Mets in 2021.
Last year's free-agent market was unique since free agency was interrupted by a lockout, which forced some top free agents to take lesser deals than they typically would have.
Correa was among them, as he signed a three-year, $105.3 million deal with the Twins after spending the first seven seasons of his career with the Houston Astros.
The contract included an opt-out clause after the first year, and rather than taking a $35 million salary for 2023 in Minnesota, Correa decided to test the market.
That decision paid off, as the 28-year-old star secured the long-term deal he was unable to get last offseason.
While his annual salary of nearly $27 million is less than what he was making in Minnesota, Correa now has long-term security and likely won't have to test the free-agent market again during his career.
The Twins' final offer, as reported by Heyman, would have paid Correa more per year than the Giants' as well, but the extra three years the Giants were willing to add conceivably helped to seal the deal.
In Correa, the Giants are getting a hugely accomplished shortstop who was the No. 1 overall pick in the 2012 MLB draft and went on to earn two All-Star nods, one Gold Glove Award and one World Series championship in his seven seasons with the Astros.
Correa remained productive in his only season with the Twins, hitting .291 with 22 home runs, 64 RBI and 70 runs scored, but Minnesota missed the playoffs with a 78-84 record.
The Twins have not been overly active in free agency with catcher Christian Vázquez being their only notable signing thus far. The only splashy signing still potentially available to them is likely that of shortstop Dansby Swanson.
Like Correa, Swanson was a No. 1 overall draft pick, and he went on to have a great run with the Atlanta Braves, securing one All-Star selection, one Gold Glove Award and one World Series win in seven seasons.
Swanson is coming off a career-best offensive season that saw him hit .277 with 25 homers, 96 RBI, 99 runs scored and 18 stolen bases, and he is the last of the big-name shortstops remaining in free agency.
Heyman noted that the Twins will "consider" signing Swanson, although they likely won't be the only team vying for his services.
Minnesota could potentially salvage its offseason by signing Swanson, but if he goes elsewhere, it will essentially be impossible to replace what Correa brought to the table.


The first words that come to mind are "sweat box". Yes, do they have air conditioning in this place? I know Don Hill's and expect plastic cups, even a broken glass (if they have glasses) and always expect loud vibrant bands. But a party without air conditioning on a HOT twilight of summertime night, not good.
Ok, enough complaining. There was an attractive downtown crowd on hand. Supermodel Hilary Rhoda managed to position herself quietly in the corner. Door traffic was jammed with the overwhelming response (riot) of confirmed and unconfirmed attendees. "Don Hill's, I'm at Don Hill's", I heard someone saying on their I-Phone, "come down I can get you in, just tell the door girl you are with me." One thing is for sure about this party, there wasn't any shortage of alcohol (or plastic cups). I think this is what also exemplifies Don Hill's because if you hear about a party at this space, you know it's going to get fairly wicked (and sweaty).


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Inclusivity at Work: The Heart of Hard Conversations
Brené Brown with Aiko Bethea Part 1
Dare to Lead by Spotify Originals, 2020
Brené Brown and Aiko Bethea engage in a passionate and urgent discussion about how to instigate transformational change in the workplace.
In the wake of George Floyd's death, Aiko Bethea wrote a powerful exhortation on Medium.com that went viral, imploring corporate leaders to push forward with racial justice initiatives. In this provocative and poignant podcast episode of Dare to Lead with Brené Brown, Bethea and Brown discuss concrete actions that companies can take to promote diversity, equality and inclusion, along with the systemic barriers that remain in their way. Bethea and Brown's deep exchange of ideas will inspire any leader who wants to create a more just workplace.
To make meaningful progress, workplaces need to embrace a shared definition of diversity, equity and inclusion.
When an institution commits to meaningful change, it should embrace a shared definition of important terms. Diversity means including people of different races, genders and nationalities, but a group is not meaningfully diverse if everyone in it has the same level of privilege. That's where equity comes in. Equity means addressing historical and systematic disparity by including marginalized people. Diversity extends to people with disparate sexual orientations and mental health statuses.
One can only tap the full power of diversity by joining it together with inclusion, when individuals in a group feel free to express their unique views.
Compliance...
Dare to Lead is a podcast based on Brené Brown's best-selling playbook for leaders. Brown is an influential researcher, author and TEDx speaker. Her guest Aiko Bethea is the founder of RARE Coaching & Consulting.
By the same author
Reverse Mentoring with Patrice Gordon
Creating Transformative Cultures
Why Your Critics Aren't the Ones Who Count
In our Journal
On purpose, leadership and empathy. Simon Sinek is a British-American leadership author and speaker. He is the author of five books, including Start with Why and The Infinite Game. Sinek is also an instructor of strategic communications at Columbia University, and is an adjunct staff member of the RAND Corporation. Sinek became famous for the "Golden Circle" leadership model: […]
On vulnerability, psychological safety and other leadership skills. Brené Brown is a research professor at the University of Houston, where she holds the Huffington Foundation Endowed Chair at the Graduate College of Social Work. Brown also teaches management at the University of Texas at Austin McCombs School of Business. Brown studies courage, vulnerability, shame, and empathy; […]
Well-Being Is About More than "An Apple a Day"
It also means managing your time and energy wisely and practicing emotional intelligence.
People Will Only Leave Their Comfort Zone from a Safe Place
You don't want your team to "play it safe." You want people to feel safe to play – as in pitching their ideas, performing to their potential and challenging the status quo. Companies navigating a rapidly changing environment depend on an agile, innovative workforce. But team members won't volunteer their ideas, challenge outdated work processes […]
What to Say?
A reading list about all kinds of conversations: light, naked, difficult and otherwise. Conversations are the building blocks of business, because all business starts with relationships. Most common is small talk, but at the highest levels, companies seek to engage with their customers, employees and shareholders in large, purposeful conversations. Small Talk Is a […]
9 Practices to Help Maintain Mental Health During the Coronavirus Lockdown
Building Belonging for a More Diverse and Inclusive Workplace
How to Be an Inclusive Leader
Leadership Lessons with Shellye Archambeau and Sheryl Sandberg
Business Writing Tips
Elevating Equity


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Relax to the sound of beach waves and discover how the herb tulsi can help you adapt to stress.
This is part 6 of a 7-Part Getting Unstuck, Episodes 1269-1275.
Spark your creativity by connecting to your life purpose.
This is part 5 of a 7-Part Getting Unstuck, Episodes 1269-1275.
To become fearless, feel as though what you seek is already a reality.
This is part 3 of a 7-Part Getting Unstuck, Episodes 1269-1275.
Feeling grateful is a powerful way to make progress when you're feeling stuck.
This is part 2 of a 7-Part Getting Unstuck, Episodes 1269-1275.
Tap into your heart's emotions when you're feeling stuck.
This is part 1 of a 7-Part Getting Unstuck, Episodes 1269-1275.
Accept the day exactly as it is.
This is part 7 of a 7-Part How to Practice Gratitude, Episodes 1262-1268.
This is part 6 of a 7-Part How to Practice Gratitude, Episodes 1262-1268.
This is part 5 of a 7-Part How to Practice Gratitude, Episodes 1262-1268.
Nothing opens your heart quite like gratitude.
This is part 3 of a 7-Part How to Practice Gratitude, Episodes 1262-1268.
Clarity is the key to gratitude.
This is part 2 of a 7-Part How to Practice Gratitude, Episodes 1262-1268.
Gratitude begins with the present moment.
This is part 1 of a 7-Part How to Practice Gratitude, Episodes 1262-1268.
Spending time in nature is one of the best ways to enhance your inner beauty.
This is part 7 of a 7-Part Inner Beauty series, Episodes 1255-1261.
Compassion is the key to inner beauty.
This is part 6 of a 7-Part Inner Beauty series, Episodes 1255-1261.
Love is best experienced when shared.
This is part 5 of a 7-Part Inner Beauty series, Episodes 1255-1261.
Confidence makes you feel beautiful.
This is part 4 of a 7-Part Inner Beauty series, Episodes 1255-1261.
Inhale and exhale your inner beauty.
This is part 3 of a 7-Part Inner Beauty series, Episodes 1255-1261.
If you'd like to receive fresh daily fully guided meditations 7 days a week you can subscribe to Slow Down Nation, a monthly subscription membership site and app. Not only do you receive a brand new daily fully guided meditation, you also receive access to over 1,000 meditations customized around weekly themes.
This episode is sponsored by Hello Fresh a meal kit delivery service that shops, plans, and delivers your favorite step-by-step recipes and pre-measured ingredients so you can just cook, eat, and enjoy. For $30 off your first week of Hello Fresh enter the promo code meditation30.
Cultivating inner beauty is a process of awareness.
This is part 2 of a 7-Part Inner Beauty series, Episodes 1255-1261.
Practicing the qualities of love, joy, gratitude, and compassion cultivate inner beauty.
This is part 1 of a 7-Part Inner Beauty series, Episodes 1255-1261.
Nature provides awareness for inner healing.
This is part 7 of a 7-Part Radical Acceptance series, Episodes 1248-1254.
Acceptance isn't passive. Rather, it draws from the strength of your inner wisdom. Explore the heart benefits of hawthorn tea.
This is part 6 of a 7-Part Radical Acceptance series, Episodes 1248-1254.
Acceptance gives your life deep meaning.
This is part 5 of a 7-Part Radical Acceptance series, Episodes 1248-1254.
Acceptance is about discovering the deeper meaning of your life.
This is part 4 of a 7-Part Radical Acceptance series, Episodes 1248-1254.
Breathing technique for Mindfulness by Thich Nhat Hanh.
This is part 3 of a 7-Part Radical Acceptance series, Episodes 1248-1254.


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Enhancing Assets, elevating communities
What is an Owners Corporation?
An Owners Corporation is a body that collectively manages a multi-occupancy subdivision of a building or land. An OC is created when subdividing any property into two or more lots. This includes properties classed as residential, retail, commercial, industrial or mixed use.
The term Owners Corporation is the new term for the old familiar Body Corporate. The Owners Corporations Act 2006 (Vic) came into effect on the 1st January 2008. The Act introduced a new framework for the management of multi-occupancy subdivisions and introduced the term 'Owners Corporation.' The change of name was intended to bring the Victorian legislation into line with the terminology used in other states and to emphasise that an OC existed to represent the interests of lot owners.
Guide to Owner Corporations
Please see this useful download publication which summarises the rights and duties of residents under the Owners Corporation Act 2006. 'Guide to Owners Corporations' –published by Consumer affairs Victoria
Learn more about the role of a Committee Chair
An owners corporation committee must elect a chairperson.
Your committee may not be legal if it fails to elect a chairperson.
The chairperson also becomes the owners corporation chairperson.
The chairperson's role is to run meetings in a way that encourages decisions. The chairperson should allow fair and open discussion of matters and stick to the agenda, so that decisions can be made.
If there is no committee, the owners corporation chairperson must be a lot owner.
The chairperson:
does not have any decision-making powers unless delegated in writing by the owners corporation or committee. Delegated powers recorded in the minutes and set out in an Instrument of Delegation.
can prepare or supervise preparation of notices, agenda, ballot papers and minutes.
A chairperson must:
be the chairperson of both the committee and the owners corporation
act on the directions of the owners corporation
act on the directions of the committee
act honestly and in good faith, exercise due care and diligence and not make improper use of his or her position
if there is a committee, present its report at the annual general meeting
be a financial member of the owners corporation.
The chairperson has the power to:
convene the annual general meeting
convene a special general meeting
arrange a ballot
make the casting vote at a general or committee meeting when the count is equal.
The chairperson does not have any special powers to make decisions on behalf of the owners corporation, committee or lot owners. But the owners corporation can choose to delegate powers to the chairperson.
The role of a chairperson requires significant care and skills including:
time management (for example, starting and ending a meeting on time)
people management (for example, keeping control of meetings)
a high level of organisation.
The chairperson should also have a sound knowledge of the Owners Corporations Act 2006, the Owners Corporations Regulations 2018, and any other relevant legislation.
Tips to be an effective owners corporation chairperson
Always have all relevant documents at the meeting. This includes a copy of the Owners Corporations Act 2006, Owners Corporations Regulations 2018, the rules of your owners corporation, a copy of the plan of subdivision and the minutes of previous meetings.
Make rules or set clear, mutually agreeable guidelines for conduct before the meeting.
Be prepared and keep to the agenda.
Place reasonable limits on discussions.
Break large tasks down into smaller tasks, for review at a later meeting.
Who can chair a general meeting?
The chairperson of the owners corporation is required to chair a general meeting, but if this person:
is absent, then your owners corporation can elect a lot owner or the owners corporation manager to chair that particular general meeting
does not wish to chair the meeting, another lot owner or the manager may be elected by the lot owners present to run proceedings.
The owners corporation can also authorise the manager or a lot owner to assist the chairperson. But responsibility still rests with the chairperson.
Decisions to authorise a lot owner or the manager to assist or act as the chairperson must be recorded in the minutes.
Who can chair a committee meeting?
If the committee chairperson is absent or unable to act, the:
committee members may appoint another lot owner to act as the chairperson
owners corporation manager can assist the chairperson.
Such a decision must be recorded in the minutes.
Removing the chairperson
Where there is no committee, the chairperson of an owners corporation can only be removed by an ordinary resolution at the annual general meeting or a special general meeting.
Where there is a committee, the chairperson can be removed by a majority vote of the committee. Removal of the chairperson does not affect their committee membership.
Learn more about the role of a Committee Secretary
Your owners corporation may have a secretary.
The secretary is responsible for tasks including managing correspondence and organising meetings.
If an owners corporation has a committee, the secretary of the committee is also secretary of the owners corporation. If there is no committee, a lot owner can be elected as secretary of the owners corporation.
Owners corporation committees must have a secretary. This can either be a member of the committee or the manager of the owners corporation. The secretary can also be chairperson.
Your owners corporation manager can assist the secretary. The owners corporation can nominate others to assist the secretary. This must be decided at the annual general meeting and recorded in the minutes.
The title of secretary identifies the person who is legally responsible for specific duties.
The secretary:
organises meetings and acts on the owners corporation or committee's instructions
sends notices, minutes and other correspondence within deadlines. Failure to do this could mean important decisions are open to challenge
receives petitions against an interim special resolution
receives ballot forms at general meetings or via post, telephone or electronic means consistent with the owners corporation rules
receives proxies from lot owners
prepares the notice and the agenda for committee meetings
gives three days' notice of committee meetings
does not have any decision making powers unless delegated by the owners corporation or committee. Delegated powers must be recorded in the minutes and set out in an Instrument of delegation.
The secretary must:
keep minutes of committee meetings
collect records and funds from a manager if the manager has been removed
certify and record rules with Land Use Victoria
act honestly and in good faith, exercise due care and diligence and not make improper use of his or her position.
The secretary has the power to:
arrange a ballot.
The role of secretary requires detailed knowledge of the Owners Corporations Act 2006, the Owners Corporations Regulations 2018 and other relevant legislation.
The role requires:
strong organisational and administrative skills
good interpersonal skills
sound writing skills (for taking minutes and correspondence).
Tips for being an effective secretary
Make sure minutes are settled and distributed within 14 days.
Keep accurate minutes.
File past minutes for easy reference.
Prepare agendas for meetings with the committee and the manager.
Keep and file correspondence.
Inform the committee and owners corporation about correspondence, issues, complaints and actions taken.
Maintain accurate contact details of the committee and have these handy.
Always have necessary documents at meetings, including a list of financial and non-financial members, lot numbers and previous minutes.
Bring all other relevant documents to meetings, including the Owners Corporations Act 2006, Owners Corporations Regulations 2018, Subdivision Act 1988, owners corporation's rules and a copy of the plan of subdivision.
Ensure you have received and checked all proxies, and allocated responsibility for taking minutes and supervising ballots.
Ensure that members know well in advance when the next meeting will be held. It is helpful to set the time and date for the next meeting, and the closing date for submitting items for the next agenda, before the meeting closes.
What if the owners corporation secretary is not available?
If the secretary is absent, or there is no secretary, the chairperson or the manager can act as secretary.
Removing a secretary
If the owners corporation has a committee, it may remove the secretary by majority vote. However, if that person is a lot owner, removal as secretary does not affect their committee membership.
If there is no committee, the secretary can only be removed by an ordinary resolution at a general meeting of the owners corporation.
General Information For Owners
As an owner you are responsible for:
Your apartment, and, if relevant, your balcony, courtyard, car park or storage unit. On the plan of subdivision, the apartment, flat, car park or storage unit is described as a "lot". The boundaries of your apartment are also set out in the plan of subdivision.
You also own a share of the common property, as a tenant in common with all other lot owners.
As an owner you have the right to:
Be involved in your Owners Corporation by attending general meetings.
Vote at general meetings and in postal ballots, unless you are ineligible to vote due to unpaid fees.
Inspect Owners Corporation records at any reasonable (and agreed) time.
Your obligations include:
Pay all owners corporation fees and charges.
Maintain and repair your apartment, balcony, courtyard, car park and, if relevant, your storage unit.
Comply with the Owners Corporation Act 2006, Owners Corporation Regulations 2007, the Rules and other laws.
Obligations of the Owners Corporation include:
Manage and administer the common property.
Repair and maintain the common property.
Take out required insurances.
Comply with and take any action necessary to ensure compliance with the Owners Corporation Act 2006, Owners Corporation Regulations 2007, the Rules and other laws.
Owners Corporation Rules:
For your information, please refer to the rules of your Owners Corporation. If you need a copy, please contact us. We also remind you to please:
Report immediately to the manager any damage to the building.
Report any risks to safety and security to residents and the building to your manager.
Ensure the entrance gates are kept closed at all times.
Advise your manager if you are going to be away from your apartment for a long period of time.
Law requires that you notify the Owners Corporation if you are going to be away for more than three months.
Keep clean the entrances and walkways. Owners and tenants must clean up any mess or rubbish they have caused or caused by their visitors. Do not leave it to others.
Notify the manager 14 days prior to the making of an application for a building permit or planning permit.
Also notify the manager 14 days prior to the commencement of renovations as some renovations cause disruption or have the potential to affect the security of other residents.
Do not make unreasonable noise between the hours of midnight and 8.00am. Please consider your neighbours.
Copies of the plan of subdivision and an Owners Corporation's rules can be obtained from Land Victoria:
570 Bourke Street, Melbourne 3000 (03)8636 2010 or www.land.vic.gov.au.


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Failure of Narmada canal to cause basmati rice shortage in Gujarat, good aroma in new varieties
Gandhinagar, 9 May 2021
With the onset of monsoon, this time in 2021-22, rice cultivation will be the highest among the cereal crops in Gujarat. Last year, in 2020-21, the Agriculture Department estimated production of 19.44 lakh tonnes of rice in 8.37 lakh hectares. Which was 2322 kg production per hectare. In summer, rice-paddy is cultivated in Gujarat, but it is about 8% as compared to monsoon. Productivity in summer comes to 3 thousand kg. Gujarat has a total yield of 21.50 lakh tonnes of rice. In which basmati share is very less. Now farmers are searching for Basmati rice seeds.
After the arrival of the Narmada Canal, the area under rice has grown by barely 2 lakh hectares. In the monsoon of 2000-01, rice was cultivated on 5.90 lakh hectares. If the canals had been built, the cultivation and production of basmati rice in Gujarat would have been better. But that did not happen. In 2009-10, monsoon – kharif rice was planted in 4.24 lakh hectares.
Considering the possibility of good rains earlier this year, rice cultivation maybe around 9 lakh hectares. Based on the possibility of a good monsoon, the production is likely to be 22 to 22.50 lakh tonnes. However, the total grain sowing in Gujarat was expected to be 26.87 lakh tonnes in 13.47 lakh hectares in the monsoon last year. The highest yield of 19.44 lakh tonnes of rice was declared by the Department of Agriculture. Jowar, millet, maize, ragi, and small grains were 7.43 lakh tonnes. Thus 35 percent of other grains and 65 percent of rice are harvested.
Therefore, farmers of Gujarat are now trying to get new varieties of Basmati rice.
The kamod and winged varieties of Gujarat are fragrant. The length of grain and the length after cooking is not the same as that of Dehradun basmati. If the length increases from 2 to 2.50 times after cooking, it can be exported.
Gujarat's aromatic rice varieties include GR101, Kamod 118, Resham Basmati, Pusa Basmati and GAR14 which have very good aroma. It is believed to be from the Navagam Main Rice Research Center (K phone number 02694284278) of Anand Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya.
Scientists at Navgam Rice Research Center have discovered a new variety of fragrant rice, GAR14. The yield is 6 thousand kg per hectare. The scent is good.
There are about 33 improved varieties of rice and rice in Gujarat. Of which GR 101, Narmada 1984 and 1991 belong to Navagam.
Endangered varieties of indigenous varieties like Lal Kada, Sathi, Raj Bengal, Dudhamalai, Ambor are being discovered by the main paddy research center at Navsari Agricultural University.
Black rice has been planted in South Gujarat since last year. On which research is also being done. In Sankhej village of Kheda, Shivram Haresh Patel ordered black rice seeds from Mizoram.
Sale of various varieties of Basmati has started at Basmati Export Development Foundation, Modipuram and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University, Agriculture and Technology, Meerut. From there, farmers can buy seeds and prepare them for the cultivation of Dharu. However, districts of North India are preferred for this rice. The helpline number 8630641798 has been started for farmers with Aadhaar cards. The farmer can come here and buy seeds by depositing money in the bank.
Varieties can take Pusa Basmati 1121, Pusa Basmati 1509, Pusa Basmati 1, Pusa Basmati 1637, Pusa Basmati 1728, Pusa Basmati 1718. One thousand quintal seed was donated last year by the Basmati Export Development Foundation.
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel can also buy seeds from the University of Agriculture and Technology. In which you can take seeds of Pusa Basmati 1509, Pusa Basmati 1121, Pusa Basmati 1718, Pusa Basmati 1937, and Pusa Basmati 1. The price of the original seed will be Rs 70 per kg and that of the certified seed will be Rs 65 per kg. The seeds are available in ten kg packets. Decide to buy only after talking to Dinesh Kumar 9897609022, Suresh Chand: 9456262925 for seeds as the first seeds are given to the farmers of North India. Despite being the Minister of State for Agriculture in Gujarat, Basmati rice seeds are not provided. Unlike the 63 million tonnes of basmati rice produced in the country, farmers in Gujarat grow very little basmati rice.
So far 29 varieties of basmati have been discovered by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research out of which Pusa Basmati 1 and 1637 Basmati varieties are good. Yields range from 22 to 25 quintals.
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गुजरात में बासमती चावल
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Failure of Narmada canal
basmati rice shortage in Gujarat
good aroma in new varieties
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The swan song for peaches is upon us.
It's always sad to see the season go. Now is the time if you are going to preserve peaches via canning or freezing that you better pencil in some time to do so. Soon peaches will be gone – on the bright side there will be plenty of apples!
This summer, here at Eat Like No One Else HQ we have been enjoying delicious peaches shipped directly to our front door. What a treat that has been to have a steady supply of one of the greatest fruits ever created.
Even when peach season is over Person Farm has got plenty of good still to sell. They are known for their high quality pecans just as well as for peaches. Pearson has been growing them for over 130 years. Head on over to their website for a wonderful section of pecan products from chocolate covered pecans to to their signature bag of in-shell pecans.
The August Prince variety is the newest addition to the Prince peach series. It was only released in 2006.
I actually didn't like the August Prince as much as the Early August Prince (the peach I reviewed last week). That is not to say that it wasn't a good peach because it certainly was. The flavor was balanced well between the sweet and the tart. The pit was easy to pop out of the peach.
The peach was a firm peach. It didn't turn mealy even as it softened up. No one likes a mealy peach.
August Prince is a great peach that I more than happy to enjoy during the dog days of summer.
I always roll my eyes when I go to a grocery store and I find they have peaches that are being refriergated on the sales floor.
Peaches do not belong in the fridge unless they are perfectly ripe/about to go overripe. Never ever put a peach that is not ripe in the fridge. This will lower the quality of the fruit and gave it an off taste. Plus it won't ripen that way, you want a ripe peach, right?
One of the main problems with grocery store peaches it that they spend too much time being kept cold. They are picked (usually too green) and then stored in the cold until they go onto a truck to a distributor center. Usually the truck is refrigerated. They wait at the distribution center until they head off to a store while on a refrigerated truck. They then go to the cooler at the store until ready to be placed on display.
I have worked in the retail produce industry. Boxes of peaches that come in, list the day they were packed. Sometimes it can be 2-3 weeks afterward and I can bet most of that time was spend under refrigeration.
That doesn't mean I never put a peach in the fridge. I only do so when they have been sitting out ripe for a couple days. I want to get a little more time out of them, so I would then put them in the fridge. At this point you only have a few days of life out of them before they start to get wrinkly and taste off.
Always bring a ripe peach to room temperature before eating. The cold of the fridge tends to mute the flavor of the fruit.
Our single peach recipe for the week is for a peach granita.
What is a granita, you ask? It is the simple combination of fruit, sugar, and water. It's kind of a more sophisticated slushy.
To make a granita you combine your pureed fruit or fruit sugar, with equal parts water and sugar. You place in the freezer and then every 30-45 mintues, you scrape the whole thing with a fork. The goal is to create as small of ice crystals as you can. If you don't scrape it you end up with one big blob of fruit flavored ice that will taste like such.
What I love about granitas is that they are easy to make than ice cream or sorbet. You don't neeed an special equipment and you can turn out a batch pretty quickly.
Since you don't eat up the fruit in the process you end up with a fresh tasty product.
Granitas are best eaten the day they are made. So only make the morning or afternoon if you are having it for dessert that night. I also recommend making it in a metal pan as metal will help the liquid freeze faster than glass would.
The peach granita recipe below makes 1 good sized serving or 2 smaller kid servings. Got more peaches? Just add another 1/4 cup of water and 1/4 cup of sugar per peach.
For real treat, get yourself a bowl of good vanilla ice cream and top it off with the granita. It's my take on the classic Cream Slush from Sonic.


text:
Howell officials expected to OK assessment of 2 to 3 mills for police department
No vote is necessary for a public safety assessment of 2 to 3 mills that can be renewed annually and would generate between $570,000-$850,000.
Howell officials expected to OK assessment of 2 to 3 mills for police department No vote is necessary for a public safety assessment of 2 to 3 mills that can be renewed annually and would generate between $570,000-$850,000. Check out this story on livingstondaily.com: http://ldpaa.com/2HwYmAL
Susan Bromley, Livingston Daily Published 6:00 a.m. ET Feb. 20, 2018 | Updated 7:43 a.m. ET Feb. 20, 2018
Howell police officer Brooke Briggs works to open a vehicle Friday, Feb. 16, 2018, one of the many public services that are part of the job.(Photo: Livingston Daily file photo/Gillis Benedict)Buy Photo
Howell officials are planning to implement a 2 to 3 mill tax increase for police services this year, a move that does not require taxpayer approval.
"Howell is experiencing the same fiscal stresses as most municipalities," said City Manager Shea Charles. "Instead of a Headlee override, we are considering a public safety assessment. It functions as a millage and is a tool with our population size we are looking at."
The city has obtained a legal opinion regarding Public Act 33 of 1951 which allows an assessment for police and fire protection without a vote for cities with a population under 15,000.
The move, which would raise $570,000 to $850,000 yearly, has been proposed as a "solution to stabilize the budget, preserve city services and invest in infrastructure."
The proposal would cost the owner of a home with a taxable value of $100,000 about $200 to $300 a year. The millage could be renewed annually by the council.
"We are definitely going forward with this," said Charles.
The assessment would take effect July 1 for the fiscal 2018-19 budget. Steps necessary before that happens include two public hearings, the first of which is set for April 23 to set the assessment district as the city limits, and a second, as yet unscheduled, to set the millage amount. The council must also vote to approve, but has been in discussions regarding budget shortfalls for several months.
Mayor Nick Proctor said the council initially looked at taking a Headlee override to voters to restore the city to levying the full 20 mills it is allowed under state law.
However, he said the council determined that might be a hard sell to voters who see clean streets, regular trash pick-up, police on patrol, and low vacancy rates in a city that on the surface appears to be thriving.
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"Selling the Headlee override would fail, and leave us in the position of where do we cut?" said Proctor. "Our guesstimate is most people don't want to cut services, but the general fund is taking such a hit we need to invest in infrastructure. We need a million to a million and a half to invest per year… In talking to citizens, an assessment (for police funding) is more palatable than any other form of taxation."
The assessment is expected to generate between $570,000 and $850,000 yearly depending on the mills levied. Three mills would fund about a third of the $2.5 million police budget.
Currently, in the total $7.5 million city general fund budget, police service is one of the biggest line items. An assessment for police would free up funds to maintain infrastructure and other city services.
City officials plan to kick off an education campaign in March to help citizens understand the need for the assessment.
Blame for the city's financial woes lies with the state, Charles and Proctor say. They explain that the state has balanced their budget on the back of municipalities which have seen a reduction in revenue sharing starting as far back as former Gov. John Engler's administration.
"The state is underfunding from statutory limits," said Proctor. "It puts municipalities in a box and we are struggling to get out. Everyone is looking at different mechanisms to recover."
In Brighton, officials are seeking voter approval for a Headlee override which will result in a more than 4.3 mill increase for funding street improvements and maintenance.
Howell has seen a 35% drop in taxable values since the recession. A number of steps to balance the budget were taken as a result, including a 25% reduction of workers employed by the city, including the layoff of a police officer and not filling two other positions on the force. There was also a seven-year wage freeze, adjustment in benefits and partnership with Brighton for shared information technology services.
Infrastructure projects in Howell have also been deferred.
In 2009, the 14.9 mills levied for city operations generated about $6.3 million. An addition mill was levied in 2010 in which the city was able to improve 30 percent of infrastructure, said Charles, and two years later, an additional 1.3 mills was levied for garbage collection. Today the city levies 16.8 mills, but it generates only $4.3 million due to the loss in taxable property values.
Although property values are on the rise again, the Headlee Amendment keeps them from recovering faster than the rate of inflation.
Charles said city officials have identified a structural deficit for core city operations of $150,000 to $250,000 per year, which does not include significant capital improvements. He notes that roads do not get better with age and Proctor adds the city "can't keep kicking the can down the road."
While residents don't like to see tax increases, Proctor believes they will comprehend the need for one.
"Once they understand the problem, and that this assessment goes to policing, most will understand and begrudgingly support it," he said. "A small vocal minority against any taxing will voice their opinions too, but a preponderance (of residents) are smart and get it. Once they know it's a dysfunctional system, most will understand and support the assessment."
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Exclusive: Cyprus sold passports to 'politically exposed persons'
A huge leak of confidential Cypriot government documents obtained by Al Jazeera's Investigative Unit called The Cyprus Papers reveals that dozens of high-level officials and their families bought so-called "golden passports" from Cyprus between late 2017 and late 2019.
Among those who bought the passports, worth a minimum investment of $2.5m each, were elected politicians of several countries, board members of state enterprises and the brother of a former Lebanese Prime Minister.
These officials, known as politically exposed persons (PEPs), are internationally recognised as a category of individuals who are at higher risk of corruption because they or their family members hold some form of government position.
The revelation comes one day after Al Jazeera's Investigative Unit revealed that Cyprus sold passports to convicted criminals and fugitives from the law.
Following that news on Sunday, the Cypriot Ministry of Interior put out a statement saying it is reviewing the released information, adding that it has already made substantial changes to the investment programme in recent years.
Do you have more info about golden passport sales or want to share another tip? Find out how to get in touch with us on our Tips page.
One of the people who bought a passport is Mir Rahman Rahmani, speaker of Afghanistan's Lower House of Parliament, who not only bought Cypriot citizenship for himself, his wife and three daughters, but also provided the family passports for St. Kitts and Nevis, one of several Caribbean states who sell citizenship.
Rahmani is a former general who became a highly successful businessman handling fuel and transport contracts between the Afghan government and the US military.
His election as speaker of the House provoked fighting on the floor of the House as opponents claimed vote-rigging.
Fighting breaks out in protest at Rahman Rahmani's election as speaker of Afghanistan's Lower House of Parliament [Al Jazeera]
Two other officials who bought golden passports are Pham Phu Quoc, who represents Ho Chi Minh City in the Vietnamese Congress, and Russian national Igor Reva, once a deputy minister for economic development.
PEPs like Rahmani, Quok and Reva often hold keys to vast sums of taxpayer money, senior policy officer Laure Brillaud from anti-corruption NGO Transparency International told Al Jazeera.
"They have access to public resources, they can be sitting on a government contract and be in a position to make decisions, so it presents a high financial risk they are being corrupted or corrupting others," Brillaud told Al Jazeera.
The documents do not prove wrongdoing by any individual PEP and it does not follow from the identification of risk that PEPs are involved in corruption.
The government of Cyprus won't reveal who they grant #goldenvisas to. #CyprusPapers show why. https://t.co/8kHOXIYgEo
— Transparency Int'l (@anticorruption) August 23, 2020
However, they do raise serious questions about why someone who has been entrusted with a public position in their home country would want to buy a second citizenship for themselves or their family.
In addition, in several cases, it begs the question of how these officials obtained the money to invest at least $2.5m in Cyprus's economy, one of the requirements to obtain a golden passport.
Who are the rich that buy so-called 'golden passports'?
"In many countries, it's only possible to acquire great wealth through illicit connections and relationships," said Nigel Gould-Davies, a senior fellow at the UK's International Institute of Strategic Affairs.
According to Gould-Davies, the reason these officials then choose to obtain a second or even third citizenship is to protect the assets obtained over the years.
"Once they have acquired those sums of money through those sorts of connections we regard as very problematic, they want to make those assets safe by squirrelling away their assets in countries that enjoy the rule of law," he added, referring to Cyprus.
EU criticism
A Cypriot passport is a coveted possession in many countries as it grants access to free travel, work and banking across the European Union, which has criticised the programme several times for being a security risk since its incarnation in 2013.
As a result, the EU regards Cyprus as a back door into the rest of the EU for politically influential people from potentially hostile states.
Under pressure from the EU, Cyprus changed its rules in 2019, but Al Jazeera's research revealed many PEPs had already secured their place as Cypriot citizens before the rule change came into force.
That list includes Mohammed Jameel, who sits on the Saudi Arabia General Investment Authority, Tang Yong, president of part of a state-owned energy conglomerate China Resources Power Holding, and Apurv Bagri, former deputy chairman of Dubai's Board of Financial Services.
It also includes former member of the Russian Upper House of Parliament Vadim Moskovitch, former member of Ukraine's National Legislature Volodymyr Zubky, and billionaire Taha Mikati, brother of former Lebanese Prime Minister Najib Mikati, who are both among Lebanon's richest men.
Taka Mikati, right, with his brother, former Prime Minister of Lebanon Najib Mikati [Facebook/Al Jazeera
In July 2020, Cyprus passed a new law enabling them to strip citizenship sold to anyone who was now considered damaging to Cyprus's national interest.
But although PEPs are now deemed unfit to become citizens, the new law leaves many existing "high-risk" cases untouched. Anyone who has already paid their $2.5m can hang onto their golden passport.
In reply to questions by Al Jazeera, Cypriot Minister of the Interior Nicos Nouris did not respond as to why the new legislation enabling the country to revoke citizenship does not apply to PEPs.
Nouris did say that there was now "an independent three-member committee which studies and evaluates all the information regarding persons that have been granted Cypriot citizenship".
Over the coming days, Al Jazeera will reveal more details from The Cyprus Papers about the people who bought Cypriot citizenship.
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Jean-Baptiste Barol (* 1873 in Vallauris, Frankreich; † 1966) war ein französischer Keramiker.

Leben
Jean Barol wurde in jungen Jahren von Clement Massier in Golfe Juan, Vallauris im Süden Frankreichs als Keramiker ausgebildet. 1912 gründete Barol mit den drei Künstlern Marius Alexandre, Jean Carle und François Sicard die Keramikmanufaktur BACS in Vallauris. BACS war ein Anagramm aus den Anfangsbuchstaben ihrer Nachnamen. Barol war der Glasurkünstler, Alexandre der Maler, Carle der Dekorateur und Sicard der Töpfer. Hier perfektionierte Barol die kunsthandwerkliche Technik des Cloisonné beim Auftragen von Emaille auf metallisch glänzende Gefäße.

1917 verließ Barol mit Francois Sicard die Firma BACS. Die beiden gründeten die Manufaktur Montieres in Amiens im Norden Frankreichs, wo sie weiter irisierende und emaillierte Keramiken im Jugendstil produzierten. Barol fungierte hier bis 1920 als künstlerischer Direktor. Während seines Aufenthalts in Amiens unterrichtete Barol Keramiktechniken an der dortigen École supérieure d'art et de design d'Amiens.

1920 kehrte Barol zu BACS zurück, wo er bis zur Schließung des Unternehmens 1927 künstlerisch tätig war. Hier stellte er nun auch Keramikartikel im Stil des Art déco her. In den 15 Jahren, in denen BACS produzierte, hatte Barol regelmäßig Auszeiten genommen, in denen er für die Faïencerie Picard in Amiens tätig gewesen war.

1927 erhielt Barol die Auszeichnung Meilleur Ouvrier de France und unterrichtete darauf Keramiktechniken an der École Jules Ferry. Bis zu seinem Tod 1966 arbeitete Jean Barol in Cannes-La Bocca und in seinem Geburtsort Vallauris weiter mit Keramik.

Literatur
 Jean Declein: Céramiques art nouveau. De Clément Massier à Jean Barol. Musée Magnelli, Musée de la céramique (Vallauris, Alpes-Maritimes), Chateau-Musée, 1995, ISBN 2-91118-000-3, 136 S.
 Anne Lajoix: L'Age d'Or de Vallauris. Les editions de l'Amateur, Paris 1995.

Weblinks
 Jean Barol. In: artnet, mit Bildern von Arbeiten Barols.

Einzelnachweise

Keramiker des Art déco
Künstler des Jugendstils
Franzose
Geboren 1873
Gestorben 1966
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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He also faces misdemeanors in Clinton County, where no court hearing is scheduled until September, and in Ionia County, where Dunnings is scheduled to appear for a status conference later this month.
The Ingham County Sheriff's Office, tipped off last year by an FBI unit investigating a Lansing sex trafficking case, determined Dunnings had paid at least six women for sex since 2010, according to court records. Ingham County Sheriff Gene Wriggelsworth told the State Journal in April that rumors of Dunnings' involvement with prostitutes go back a decade, though police had been unable to confirm any rumors until the FBI tip. Current and former Lansing police chiefs, however, told the State Journal they'd never heard such rumors.
Ingham County Circuit Court judges have named former state senator Gretchen Whitmer as interim prosecutor for a term ending Dec. 31. The November election will determine who will replace Dunnings for the next four years.
Dunnings' brother, Lansing attorney Steven Dunnings, was also charged as a result of the sheriff's investigation. He faces two counts of engaging the services of a prostitute in 54A District Court. A court date has not been scheduled in Dunnings' case.
Both brothers could face the suspension or loss of their law licenses as a result of the criminal charges. Steven Dunnings does legal work for the Lansing Housing Commission.
State Journal criminal justice reporter Matt Mencarini contributed to this report. He can be reached at (517) 267-1347 or mmencarini@lsj.com. Follow him on Twitter@MattMencarini.
Ingham County Prosecutor Stuart Dunnings III, 63, faces 15 prostitution-related criminal charges in four district courts, including a 20-year felony, pandering, for allegedly coercing a woman to be paid for sex.
A preliminary hearing, which will determine if there's enough evidence for Dunnings to stand trial on the felony, is set for Aug. 2 in Jackson District Judge Michael Klaeren's courtroom. A pretrial conference for misdemeanors he faces in Ingham County will be held at the same time.
He also faces misdemeanor charges in Clinton County's 65A District Court, where a court hearing isn't scheduled until September, and in Ionia County's 64A District Court, where he's expected to appear in court later this month.
The prosecutor's brother, Lansing attorney Steven Dunnings, 60, faces two misdemeanor counts of engaging the services of a prostitute in 54A District Court. A court appearance in his case has not been scheduled.
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col_index The column number between 0 and sqlany_num_cols() - 1.
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1 on success or 0 if the column index is out of range, or if the statement does not return a result set.


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Home » Action/Drama » Actors/Actresses » A bit of Scott & Bailey brilliance on both sides of the pond in April!
A bit of Scott & Bailey brilliance on both sides of the pond in April!
On: April 3, 2013, By: Bill Young
A bit of a two part post today, both having to do with a brilliant series from ITV1, Scott & Bailey.
Starting west of the Atlantic, Scott & Bailey has begun or is getting ready to premiere on a number of public television stations in the States this April (Heads up, North Texas. KERA Channel 13 premieres the series this coming Saturday, April 6 at 9:00pm). This is brilliant telly. This is neither Luther nor Cagney & Lacey. This is authentic, pure and simple. It's dark, gritty and humorous, at times, but overall, it's real.
Written and co-created by Sally Wainwright, who also wrote BBC's Last Tango in Halifax, Scott & Bailey stars Suranne Jones (A Touch of Cloth) and Lesley Sharp (Starlings, Afterlife) and follows two female detectives who are part of the Major Incident Team (i.e. murder investigation, etc.) in Manchester.
Scott and Bailey series 1 trailer
*****MAJOR SPOILER ALERTS BELOW IF YOU ARE ANYWHERE BUT THE UK*****
East of the Atlantic and beginning tonight (3 April) on ITV1, series 3 of Scott & Bailey returns on ITV1 with both Suranne Jones and Lesley Sharp reprising their roles as the crime-fighting duo, DC Rachel Bailey and DC Janet Scott. They are joined by Tracie Bennett (Coronation Street), Nicola Walker (Spooks), Danny Miller (Emmerdale) and George Costigan (Homefront). The new series also sees the return of Amelia Bullmore (Ashes to Ashes) as Detective Chief Inspector Gill Murray. Interestingly, Bullmore has also written episodes 6 and 7 of the new series. Tonights episode, which will air at 9pm on ITV1, begins when a worried neighbor knocks on Janet's (Lesley Sharp) door concerned about a smell coming from a 'creepy' house down the street, she can only guess at the horrors to come. Meanwhile, newly wed Rachel (Suranne Jones) longs to be single while Janet realizes her own marriage to Ade is over.
Scott and Bailey series 3 trailer – premieres 3 April on ITV
Everytime a series like this comes along the temptation is to cry marketing and promotion wolf one more time and say "…if you watch one new series this year, make it Scott & Bailey". This time, I mean it.
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Many people think their dental hygienist is just a professional tooth cleaner, but we are MUCH more than that! While that is an important role we play, there is a lot more that we do.
At your routine cleanings your hygienist removes all traces of both tartar and plaque, which are major causes of gum disease, dental decay, and tooth loss.
No one is perfect and there are a lot of nooks and crannies that you may be missing every time you brush and (hopefully) floss. At each routine hygiene appointment your hygienist will go over tips and techniques to reach the areas you may be missing to help you reduce the risk of tooth decay, gum disease, bone loss.
This can save you a great deal of money at the dentist by helping you keep your teeth healthy and prevent gum disease. You can thank us later!
The truth is, the average person visits their dentist and hygienist more often than they go in for a preventative medical check-up. We now know there is a direct connection between oral health and overall health.
Your dental visit and hygiene appointment is one you do not want to miss. It's important for you to know that what gets discovered at your routine dental cleaning can also save your life.
Many people believe dental hygienists only look at the teeth and gums, but we are trained to look for indicators for many different health concerns. At each hygiene appointment we perform a head and neck examination, evaluate your gums and bone level and examine your mouth for any indications of oral cancer, diabetes or vitamin deficiencies.
Hygienists have been trained to spot suspicious lesions on the head and neck. The head and neck exam is done to look for any out of the ordinary, bumps, lumps or lesions. If we spot something we may refer you to have a biopsy to determine if it is abnormal. We will also evaluate the jaw joints to see if there is any abnormal movement or popping.
You may know when we are examining your gums (you know, the "poking" instrument), but we are also checking for loose teeth, inspecting the tissues inside of your mouth, checking your bite, looking for visual evidence of tooth decay and checking for broken teeth or damaged fillings. Everyone`s favorite gum exam allows us to determine if there has been changes in the gums or bone levels.
This exam allows the hygienist and the doctor to diagnose if the patient has gum disease or bone loss and the proper procedures can then be done to keep the disease from progressing further. Sometimes we are able to detect broken and decayed teeth prior to the patient feeling pain and needing a root canal.
Oral cancer is a very common cancer that can develop anywhere on the lips, tongue and at the back of the wisdom teeth. It can also occur in the throat, the roof of the mouth and on the tonsils. How often are you inspecting your throat and tongue for oral cancer?
Probably not as often as your hygienist is! Hygienists are trained to inspect the oral cavity for suspicious lesions. If we suspect something we will refer you out to a specialist for a biopsy.
As long as oral cancer is detected in the early stages it has a resolution rate of over 90%.
There are some diseases that will manifest themselves in the oral cavity. Your hygienist can sometimes be the first person to notice these indicators. Diabetes is a disease that can show in the oral cavity. Signs of diabetes are chronic dry mouth, gum inflammation, poor healing of oral tissues, thrush, and burning mouth and/or tongue.
Diabetic patients are more likely to develop periodontal disease, which in turn can increase blood sugar and diabetic complications. Many people who are at risk for diabetes visit a dental office regularly, the dental hygiene or dental visit could be a useful opportunity to conduct an initial diabetes screening.
This is an important step in identifying those patients who need follow-up testing to diagnose the disease. Do you ever wonder why we ask you so many medical history questions? Hygienists can use all of this information to piece things together.
Your mouth is a window to your overall health.
Nutrition plays a critical role in your oral and overall health. The oral cavity may exhibit early signs and symptoms of systemic disease or nutritional deficiencies. If your body doesn't get the proper nutrition, it can show up in various places in your mouth – your tongue, your gums, and the soft and hard tissues of the mouth.
Very often, when something flares up, or simply looks different within your mouth, it's your body's way of asking for some type of nutrient it is lacking. Your hygienist may be the first person to detect nutritional deficiencies and offer you healthy, safe ways to incorporate them back into your system.
Preventive care saves the patient from potential pain, complicated procedures and expensive services.
Have additional questions about seeing your hygienist? Don't hesitate to Contact Us or leave a reply below and we will be happy to try and answer them for you!


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[ July 16, 2019 ] Iran Foreign Minister: Iran Considering Talks With US On Ballistic Missiles	World
[ July 16, 2019 ] Trump's Immigration Deal With Mexico Is Working	Politics
HomeNationWashington man severely burned saving 8-year-old niece from fire says 'I'd run back in there and do it again'
July 9, 2019 @TheUnitedFree Nation 0
A Washington man, who has been hospitalized with serious burns all over his body after he rushed into a burning home to save his 8-year-old niece, told reporters from his hospital bed that he would do it again.
Derrick Byrd, 20, of Aberdeen, which is about a two-hour drive from Seattle, told KOMO News, "I'd do it again, I really would."
He added, "I'd run back in there and do it again even if I got burned worse or died."
Byrd was airlifted to a nearby hospital with second and third-degree burns on his face, back and arms after the Thursday morning fire in his home, the station reported.
Byrd said when the fire broke out he immediately tried to help his sister get her three young children out of the home through the second-floor window.
"I ran downstairs even though I got burned, started catching the kids," he said.
Derrick Byrd spoke out from his hospital bed. (KOMO)
Byrd told the station he caught his 6-year-old nephew and his sister's baby but her 8-year-old daughter, Mercedes, was too afraid to jump.
He said when his sister fell off the roof, Mercedes fell back into the burning room.
"She was screaming my name," Byrd told the station. "So, I wasn't just going to let her sit there. I wasn't going to let my niece die."
He said he ran upstairs, "pushed right through the fire" all while he could feel it burning him.
"Then, I got her, I took my shirt off and put it around her face so she wasn't breathing any smoke and then I just carried her out, as fast as I could," Byrd told the television station.
He added, "Even though I got burned, I really didn't care though. I'd rather me get burned than her. She's young, you know. She's still got a lot of stuff going for her. She's a good kid."
Crews also airlifted Byrd's niece and 6-year-old nephew to a local hospital.
When asked what his reaction was to people calling him a "hero" Byrd told the station, "I can't say a hero. I just say I care for my niece and nephew. I wasn't going to let them die."
The house appeared to be a total loss and firefighters reportedly were just thankful nobody died.
The cause of the fire remained under investigation.
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It can effectively isolate part of its property, which dictates the management and success of specific assets. Needless to say, this is very important from international property, which can not simply be purchased under a conventional will and will.
The key to this work is the selection of beneficiaries. Let's say you want to share your assets equally between your two children – simply designate these two people as beneficiaries. You can choose to tell your heirs or not as you wish.
Of course, secrecy can only exist for one point. While you may decide to hide the entire Foundation completely, it is very important from a practical point of view to leave some details that someone will be informed by the beneficiaries after his death. For example, you can leave detailed deaths in a sealed envelope with a trusted friend or attorney. The best idea, however, is probably to designate a trusted third party for the "Protector" of the Panama Foundation. Remember to designate more Protectors or to make a Corporation more protective.
However, as always, I do not suggest solely relying on purely legal protection. are completely unknown and invisible to all those of the Foundation Council or the Registered Agent, who may be appealing to the court. What they do not know can not be forced to tell – even in the illegal case where a Panamanian tribunal attempts to enforce a judgment contrary to Panama's laws.
The only exception to this rule is that creditors have the right to challenge a Panama foundation within 3 years of the claim of the foundation. It is important to note that this period starts from the date when the assets were transferred to the foundation and not since the foundation's registration.
The financial affairs of the foundation are no business, but they have to decide who is to talk about the existence of the Foundation. So, in order to increase security, I typically suggest what I call strategic geographic diversification. when establishing a long-term structure for land-use planning.
This simply means you have to open a bank account where most of the Foundation's assets are held outside Panama. European banks are perfectly aligned with the bill, and when it comes to founding a foundation, you need to find the introduction and recommendations of famous European banks that understand the Panama legal documents. Banking outside of Panama provides extraordinary protection.