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Related Issuers
Bayerische Hypotheken-und Wechsel Bank A.G.
Bayerische Landesbank
Bayerische Landesbank, (New York Branch)
Bremer Landesbank Kreditanstalt Oldenburg GZ
DekaBank Deutsche Girozentrale
DEPFA BANK plc
Deutsche Apotheker- und Aerztebank eG
Deutsche Hypothekenbank (Actien-Gesellschaft)
Deutsche Pfandbriefbank AG
Dresdner Bank AG
Dresdner Bank AG, New York Branch
Dresdner Funding Trust IV
DVB Bank S.E.
DZ BANK AG
Eurohypo AG (Old)
Hamburg Commercial Bank AG
Hypo Real Estate Bank International AG
Hypothekenbank Frankfurt AG
Hypothekenbank in Essen AG
HypoVereins Finance N.V.
HypoVereinsbank Overseas Finance N.V.
IKB Deutsche Industriebank AG
Landesbank Baden-Wuerttemberg
Landesbank Baden-Wuerttemberg, New York
Landesbank Baden-Wuerttemberg, Singapore Br
Landesbank Berlin AG
Landesbank Berlin, London Branch
Landesbank Hessen-Thueringen GZ
LANDESBANK SACHSEN AG
LRP Landesbank Rheinland-Pfalz
Muenchener Hypothekenbank eG
Norddeutsche Landesbank GZ
Portigon AG
RHEINHYP Rheinische Hypothekenbank AG
Sparkasse KoelnBonn
Unicredit Bank AG, Hong Kong Branch
Unicredit Bank AG, Singapore Branch
Volkswagen Bank GmbH
Westfaelische Hypothekenbank AG
Credit Opinion: Hamburg Commercial Bank AG: Update to credit analysis
Credit Opinion: Landesbank Berlin AG: Update to credit analysis
Credit Opinion: Sparkasse KoelnBonn: Update to credit analysis
Credit Opinion: Muenchener Hypothekenbank eG: Update following outlook change to negative
Credit Opinion: Bayerische Landesbank: Update to credit analysis
Rating Action:
Moody's downgrades German banks' subordinated debt
Approximately EUR24 billion of subordinated debt affected
Frankfurt am Main, February 17, 2011 -- Moody's Investors Service has today downgraded the ratings of 248 subordinated debt securities, together with the subordinated tranches of the relevant debt programs issued or guaranteed by 23 German banks and one Irish subsidiary of a German bank. This follows the introduction of the German Bank Restructuring Act, which in Moody's opinion increases the risk of losses being imposed on subordinated debt outside of liquidation. Moody's has therefore decided to link the subordinated debt ratings for Lower Tier 2 and Tier 3 securities closer to the stand-alone financial strength of the issuers by withdrawing its assumption of systemic and regional government support for subordinated bank debt. The exceptions to this are the ratings of the subordinated debt issued by Bayerische Landesbank and Sparkasse KoelnBonn, for which Moody's has decided to remove all systemic support, while maintaining some degree of regional government support because of high regional-government ownership stakes.
The removal of regional government and systemic support from the subordinated debt ratings triggered by the new German Bank Restructuring Act has resulted in average downgrades of two and a half notches and a maximum change of seven notches. A detailed list of the affected ratings is available at the end of the press release and on Moody's website, which may be accessed here http://v3.moodys.com/viewresearchdoc.aspx?docid=PBC_131308
Today's rating action concludes Moody's review for possible downgrade of German banks' Lower Tier 2 ratings initiated on 16 December 2010. These rating actions have no impact on the ratings of the affected banks' senior debt, grandfathered debt or hybrid debt ratings.
For more information on Moody's assessment of the German Bank Restructuring Act, see the special comment "German Bank Restructuring Act Reduces Systemic Support for Subordinated debt-holders" which is available on moodys.com and may be accessed here http://v3.moodys.com/viewresearchdoc.aspx?docid=PBC_131128
RATINGS RATIONALE
"The new law allows for broader burden-sharing in a distress scenario with implications potentially for both senior and subordinated debt. However, Moody's considers subordinated debt to be most at risk under the new law and has therefore adjusted its ratings accordingly," says Mathias Kuelpmann, Senior Vice President at Moody's in Frankfurt.
According to the Bank Restructuring Act, it will now be possible to (i) impose losses on debt-holders of a going-concern entity under a reorganisation "bail-in" plan; or (ii) separate classes of debt into 'going concern' and 'gone concern' legal entities. Previously, debt was likely to suffer permanent losses only in the scenario of the liquidation of a bank . The new regulatory tools allow authorities to impose losses on debt-holders without necessarily placing the entire bank into liquidation.
With these tools available, the rating agency believes that government support -- including support from public-sector owners -- for subordinated debt instruments has become far less certain than in the past, given its characteristic as regulatory capital and its reduced systemic importance as an asset class. Accordingly, the reduction of support assumptions for subordinated debt is necessary to better align these ratings with the stand-alone financial strength of the issuer versus the financial capacity of the regional or systemic support providers. To reflect the higher immediate risk arising for subordinated debt from the more flexible bank resolution regime introduced by the Bank Restructuring Act, Moody's has changed the anchor for subordinated debt from the Bank Deposit Rating to the Adjusted Baseline Credit Assessment (Adjusted BCA), which is an assessment of the issuer's financial strength and the existing anchor for all hybrid ratings. The Adjusted BCA results from adding any parental support and co-operative support (where applicable) to a bank's Baseline Credit Assessment (BCA) and excludes systemic and regional government support.
The regulatory tools provided by the Bank Restructuring Act are broad enough to allow the imposition of losses on senior unsecured and subordinated bondholders. Moody's immediate focus is on subordinated debt which, in its estimation, is unlikely to benefit from German government support in future. For senior debt, losses are unlikely to be imposed at present because (i) in the current market environment, there is a possibility that haircuts on senior unsecured debt would severely disrupt the financial markets; and (ii) there is a consequent absence of any clear consensus in Germany (and in other jurisdictions) on the feasibility of imposing losses on senior unsecured creditors at systemically important institutions. However, Moody's will continue to monitor relevant developments -- such as the recent EU proposal for a unified framework of bank resolution regimes -- in order to anticipate any developing consensus in Germany on the implications of reduced systemic support for bank funding and financial stability and on the potential for losses to be imposed across the entire credit hierarchy, up to senior debt.
Following the downgrades announced today, subordinated bank debt ratings in Germany are positioned one notch below the anchor Adjusted BCA, apart from two exceptions, Bayerische Landesbank and Sparkasse KoelnBonn. These two banks maintain some degree of regional government support as detailed further below. The approach taken is in line with the methodology "Moody's Guidelines for Rating Hybrid Securities and Subordinated Debt", published in November 2009.
Following the downgrade of the program rating of WestLB's subordinated debt to (P)B1 from (P)A2, Moody's has withdrawn the program rating of WestLB's subordinated debt for business reasons as no outstanding debt under this particular program is currently rated by Moody's. Please refer to Moody's Investors Service's Withdrawal Policy, which can be found on our website, www.moodys.com.
REGIONAL GOVERNMENT SUPPORT
Regarding regional government support, Moody's continues to acknowledge both the position of regional governments as partial owners -- in particular in the case of the Landesbanken -- and the importance of these banks as major credit providers in their respective region. "Despite this, we have removed regional government support uplift for the subordinated debt ratings as this can no longer be taken for granted for this type of debt under the new Bank Restructuring Act," says Mathias Kuelpmann. "We also believe that, in cases of repeated distress in the Landesbanken sector, the central government may exert heightened pressure to downsize and consolidate, making the situation less predictable for subordinated debt given the new tools available under the act," adds Mr Kuelpmann.
However, Moody's has decided to recognise two specific cases where some regional support remains included in the newly positioned subordinated debt ratings:
For Bayerische Landesbank, Moody's downgraded the subordinated debt to Baa3 from A2, which continues to include some regional government support. Moody's decision is underpinned by (i) the high amount of capital provided during the financial crisis, including a ?10 billion equity injection; and (ii) the high 94% stake that the regional government of Bavaria (rated Aaa) owns in the bank. The ?10 billion capital injection has led the rating agency to believe that the regional government will provide further support in case of need, in order to protect that region's recent investment in the bank. At the same time, the regional government has stated its intent to divest part of its stakes over time and hence Moody's has decided to include only partial regional government support. Moody's will reconsider its support assumptions for subordinated debt ratings once the plans to divest become more concrete.
For Sparkasse KoelnBonn, Moody's decided to fully include local government support in the bank's subordinated debt rating. Moody's considers that a savings bank's break-up or unwinding as result of a transfer order is not an option. Sparkasse KoelnBonn is 100% owned by the Cities of Cologne and Bonn with ownership not being transferable outside of the public sector. "Given the strong cohesion of the savings bank sector -- and with the municipalities being members of the regional savings bank associations -- we believe a solution, if ever needed, would be found within the savings bank sector," explains Mathias Kuelpmann.
SELECT CHANGES IN ADJUSTED STAND-ALONE RATINGS (Adjusted BCAs)
Moody's has changed the support assumptions for Bayerische Landesbank, increasing its expectation of regional government support to very high from high, while decreasing cooperative support to moderate from high. These support assumptions better reflect the bank's increased ownership by the Free State of Bavaria after its capital injection during the financial crisis. Over the same period, the local savings bank association reduced its share to 6% from 50%. As a result, the A1 long-term debt and deposit rating of the bank remains unchanged, but the eight notches of uplift from the Ba3 Baseline Credit Assessment (BCA) now includes only two notches of rating uplift for cooperative support, moving the Adjusted BCA one notch lower to Ba1 from Baa3. The A1 senior debt rating also includes three notches for regional government support and another three notches for systemic support.
The Adjusted BCA for Deutsche Postbank includes two notches of parental support, as Moody's expects Deutsche Bank to exercise control over Deutsche Postbank. However, the ratings of Deutsche Postbank's hybrid securities continue to exclude parental support, but have a positive outlook. As stated in Moody's press release of 1 December 2010 affirming the A1/D+ ratings of Deutsche Postbank AG, Moody's expects to include parental support for hybrid securities once Deutsche Bank demonstrates its commitment further by establishing a profit-and-loss transfer agreement.
The Adjusted BCA for UniCredit Bank AG is Baa1, which is also the anchor for the bank's hybrid securities. The Adjusted BCA of Baa1 represents a correction of the information in Moody's press release of 16 December 2010.
OUTLOOK ON SUBORDINATED DEBT HAS CHANGED FOR SOME BANKS AS IT NOW FOLLOWS THE OUTLOOK ON THE BANK FINANCIAL STRENGTH RATINGS (BFSRs)
Since Moody's is using the Adjusted BCA as the new anchor for subordinated debt, the outlooks for the subordinated debt ratings have changed in several instances to reflect the outlooks for the stand-alone bank financial strength ratings, which map to the BCA used in determining the Adjusted BCA. Previously, the subordinated debt outlooks were determined by the outlooks for a bank's long-term debt and deposit ratings, which were previously the anchor for subordinated debt ratings.
The principal methodologies used in this rating were Bank Financial Strength Ratings: Global Methodology published in February 2007, Incorporation of Joint Default Analysis into Moody's Bank Ratings: A Refined Methodology published in March 2007, and Moody's Guidelines for Rating Bank Hybrid Securities and Subordinated Debt published in November 2009.
DETAILED LIST OF RATING ACTIONS
Please find below the list of rating actions for the 24 banks affected. In the following section, subordinated debt typically describes Lower Tier 2 securities. Rating changes on Tier 3 are listed separately if rated by Moody's.
The subordinated debt rating of Bayerische Landesbank (BayernLB) was downgraded to Baa3 from A2, moving the rating to one notch above the bank's Adjusted BCA of Ba1, because it includes two notches of regional government support. The outlook is stable, in line with the outlook on the BFSR.
The subordinated debt rating of Bremer Landesbank was downgraded to A3 from Aa3, moving the rating to one notch below the bank's Adjusted BCA of A2. The outlook is negative, in line with the outlook on the BFSR.
The subordinated debt rating of Commerzbank AG (Commerzbank) was downgraded to Baa2 from A1 and remains on review for downgrade following Moody's announcement on Commerzbank group of February 17. This rating applies to both Lower Tier 2 and Tier 3 securities.
The subordinated debt rating of DekaBank Deutsche Girozentrale (DekaBank) was downgraded to A3 from Aa3, moving the rating to one notch below the bank's Adjusted BCA of A2. The outlook is stable, in line with the outlook on the BFSR.
The subordinated debt rating of DEPFA Bank plc was downgraded to B3 from Ba1, moving the rating to one notch below the bank's Adjusted BCA of B2. The outlook is stable, in line with the outlook on the BFSR.
The subordinated debt rating of Deutsche Apotheker- und Aerztebank eG (apoBank) was downgraded to Baa2 from A3, moving the rating to one notch below the bank's Adjusted BCA of Baa1. The outlook is negative, in line with the outlook on the BFSR.
The subordinated debt rating of Deutsche Bank AG was downgraded to A3 from A1, moving the rating to one notch below the bank's Adjusted BCA of A2. The outlook is stable, in line with the outlook on the BFSR. This rating applies to both Lower Tier 2 and Tier 3 securities.
The subordinated debt rating of Deutsche Hypothekenbank was downgraded to Baa1 from A2, moving the rating to one notch below the bank's Adjusted BCA of A3. The outlook is negative, in line with the outlook on the BFSR.
The subordinated debt rating of Deutsche Pfandbriefbank AG was downgraded to B2 from Baa1, moving the rating to one notch below the bank's Adjusted BCA of B1. The outlook is positive, in line with the outlook on the BFSR.
The subordinated debt rating of Deutsche Postbank AG was downgraded to Baa2 from A2, moving the rating to one notch below the bank's Adjusted BCA of Baa1. The outlook is negative, in line with the outlook on the BFSR.
The subordinated debt rating of DVB Bank S.E. was downgraded to A3 from A2, moving the rating to one notch below the bank's Adjusted BCA of A2. The outlook is negative, in line with the outlook on the BFSR.
The subordinated debt rating of DZ Bank was downgraded to A3 from A1, moving the rating to one notch below the bank's Adjusted BCA of A2. The outlook is stable, in line with the outlook on the BFSR.
The subordinated debt rating of Eurohypo AG (Eurohypo) was downgraded to Ba1 from A2 and remains on review for downgrade following Moody's announcement on Commerzbank group of February 17. This rating applies to both Lower Tier 2 and Tier 3 securities. Regarding Tier 3 instruments, this is a correction of the Ba2 rating mentioned in Moody's Press Release earlier today.
The subordinated debt rating of HSH Nordbank was downgraded to Ba3 from Baa1, moving the rating to one notch below the bank's Adjusted BCA of Ba2. The outlook is developing, in line with the outlook on the BFSR.
The subordinated debt rating of IKB Deutsche Industriebank AG was downgraded to Caa2 from Ba2, moving the rating to one notch below the bank's Adjusted BCA of Caa1. The outlook is stable, in line with the outlook on the BFSR.
The subordinated debt rating of Landesbank Baden-Wuerttemberg (LBBW) was downgraded to Baa1 from Aa3, moving the rating to one notch below the bank's Adjusted BCA of A3. The outlook is negative, in line with the outlook on the BFSR.
The subordinated debt rating of Landesbank Berlin AG was downgraded to Baa2 from A2, moving the rating to one notch below the bank's Adjusted BCA of Baa1. The outlook is stable, in line with the outlook on the BFSR.
The subordinated debt rating of Landesbank Hessen-Thueringen GZ was downgraded to Baa1 from Aa3, moving the rating to one notch below the bank's Adjusted BCA of A3. The outlook is stable, in line with the outlook on the BFSR.
The subordinated debt rating of Muenchener Hypothekenbank eG was downgraded to A3 from A2, moving the rating to one notch below the bank's Adjusted BCA of A2. The outlook is negative, in line with the outlook on the BFSR.
The subordinated debt rating of Norddeutsche Landesbank GZ was downgraded to A3 from Aa3, moving the rating to one notch below the bank's Adjusted BCA of A2. The outlook is negative, in line with the outlook on the BFSR.
The subordinated debt rating of Sparkasse KoelnBonn was downgraded to Baa2 from A2, moving the rating to one notch above the bank's Adjusted BCA of Baa3 because it includes two notches of regional government support. The outlook is stable, in line with the outlook on the BFSR.
The subordinated debt rating of UniCredit Bank AG was downgraded to Baa2 from A2, moving the rating to one notch below the bank's Adjusted BCA of Baa1. The outlook is stable, in line with the outlook on the BFSR.
The subordinated debt rating of Volkswagen Bank GmbH was downgraded to Baa1 from A3, moving the rating to one notch below the bank's Adjusted BCA of A3. The outlook is stable, in line with the outlook on the BFSR.
The subordinated debt rating that forms part of an EMTN program of WestLB was downgraded to (P)B1, with a stable outlook, from (P)Baa1, moving the rating to one notch below the bank's Adjusted BCA of Ba3. The issuer has decided to no longer issue subordinated debt under its EMTN program and there is no subordinated debt outstanding under the program. As a result, following this rating action, the rating will be withdrawn at the current level of (P)B1 with a stable outlook.
PREVIOUS RATING ACTIONS
Moody's last rating action on Bayerische Landesbank (BayernLB) was on 2 March 2010, when Moody's downgraded BayernLB's hybrid ratings.
Domiciled in Munich, Germany, BayernLB reported total assets of EUR332 billion as of 30 September 2010 and a pretax profit for the first nine months of EUR669 million.
Moody's last rating action on Bremer Landesbank was on 22 September 2009, when Moody's affirmed Bremer Landesbank's Aa2/C/Prime-1 ratings.
Domiciled in Bremen, Germany, Bremer Landesbank reported total assets of EUR35 billion as of 30 June 2010 and a pretax profit for the first six months of EUR34 million.
Moody's last rating action on Commerzbank AG (Commerzbank) was on 17 February 2011, when Moody's placed the senior debt and deposit ratings of several Commerzbank group entities on review for possible downgrade.
Domiciled in Frankfurt, Germany, Commerzbank reported total assets of EUR848 billion as of 30 September 2010 and a pretax profit for the first nine months of EUR1,097 million.
Moody's last rating action on DekaBank Deutsche Girozentrale (DekaBank) was on 19 November 2009, when Moody's Investors Service affirmed DekaBank's BFSR C (Aa2) with a stable outlook.
Domiciled in Frankfurt, Germany, DekaBank reported total assets of EUR137 billion as of 30 September 2010 and a pretax profit for the first nine months of 2010 of EUR543 million.
Moody's last rating action on DEPFA Bank plc was on 1 October 2010, when Moody's Investors Service downgraded DEPFA Banks plc's ratings to Baa3/E+/Prime-3.
Domiciled in Dublin, Ireland, DEPFA Bank plc reported total assets of EUR240 billion as of 30 June 2010 and a pretax loss for the first six months of EUR303 million.
Moody's last rating action on Deutsche Apotheker- und Aerztebank eG (apoBank) was on 18 February 2010, when Moody's downgraded apoBank's Tier 1 hybrid securities rating.
Domiciled in Duesseldorf, Germany, apoBank reported total assets of EUR43 billion as of 30 June 2010 and a net profit for the first half year of EUR25 million.
Moody's last rating action on Deutsche Bank AG was on 4 March 2010, when Moody's downgraded Deutsche Bank to Aa3/C+ from Aa1/B.
Domiciled in Frankfurt, Germany, Deutsche Bank AG reported total assets of EUR1,906 billion as of 31 December 2010 and a pretax profit for the year of EUR3,975 million.
Moody's last rating action on Deutsche Hypothekenbank was on 22 October 2010, when Moody's Investors Service assigned a final Baa3 rating to the capital notes issued by Charlottenburg Capital International S.àr.l. & Cie SECS (CCI).
Domiciled in Hannover, Germany, Deutsche Hypothekenbank reported total assets of EUR37 billion as of 30 June 2010 and a pretax profit for the first six months of EUR12 million.
Moody's last rating action on Deutsche Pfandbriefbank AG was on 1 October 2010, when Moody's affirmed the A3 long-term debt and deposit ratings as well as the Baa1 rating for the senior subordinated debt.
Domiciled in Unterschleißheim, Germany, Deutsche Pfandbriefbank AG reported total assets of EUR226 billion at 30 September 2010 and a pretax loss for the first nine months of EUR233 million.
Moody's last rating action on Deutsche Postbank AG was on 19 February 2010, when Moody's downgraded Postbank's ratings to A1/D+ from Aa3/C.
Domiciled in Bonn, Germany, Deutsche Postbank AG reported total assets of EUR231 billion as of 30 September 2010 and a pretax profit for the first nine months of EUR296 million.
Moody's last rating action on DVB Bank S.E. was on 28 September 2009, when Moody's downgraded DVB's BFSR to D+ from C- (Baa3).
Domiciled in Frankfurt, Germany, DVB Bank S.E. reported total assets of EUR20 billion as of 30 June 2010 and a pretax profit for the first six months in 2010 of EUR140 million.
Moody's last rating action on DZ Bank was on 19 February 2010, when Moody's downgraded DZ Bank's hybrid securities ratings.
Domiciled in Frankfurt, Germany, DZ Bank reported total assets of EUR404 billion as of 30 June 2010 and a pretax income for the first half year of EUR616 million.
Moody's last rating action on Eurohypo AG (Eurohypo) was on 17 February 2011, when Moody's placed the senior debt and deposit ratings of several Commerzbank group entities on review for possible downgrade.
Domiciled in Eschborn, Germany, Eurohypo reported total assets of EUR257 billion as of 30 June 2010 and a pretax loss for the first half year of EUR215 million.
Moody's last rating action on HSH Nordbank was on 4 May 2010, when Moody's downgraded HSH Nordbank's long-term debt ratings to A3.
Domiciled in Hamburg, Germany, HSH Nordbank reported total assets of EUR176 billion as of 30 June 2010 and a pretax loss for the first half year of EUR427 million.
Moody's last rating action on IKB Deutsche Industriebank AG was on 17 September 2009, when Moody's confirmed IKB's Baa3/P-3 ratings.
Domiciled in Dusseldorf, Germany, IKB Deutsche Industriebank AG reported total assets of EUR36 billion as of 30 September 2010 and a pretax loss for the first six months of EUR241 million.
Moody's last rating action on Landesbank Baden-Wuerttemberg (LBBW) was on 23 July 2009, when Moody's downgraded LBBW's BFSR to C- from C, the senior unsecured debt and deposit ratings to Aa2 from Aa1 and the subordinated debt rating to Aa3 from Aa2.
Domiciled in Stuttgart, Germany, LBBW reported total assets of EUR417 billion as of 30 June 2010 and a pretax loss for the first half year of EUR321 million.
Moody's last rating action on Landesbank Berlin AG was on 27 October 2010, when Moody's affirmed the D+/A1 ratings.
Landesbank Berlin AG domiciled in Berlin, Germany, reported total assets of EUR140 billion as of 30 September 2010 and a pretax profit for the first nine months of EUR220 million.
Moody's last rating action on Landesbank Hessen-Thueringen GZ was on 2 February 2011, when Moody's downgraded Helaba's grandfathered debt.
Landesbank Hessen-Thueringen GZ domiciled in Frankfurt, Germany, reported total assets of EUR175 billion as of 30 September 2010 and a pretax profit for the first nine months of EUR284 million.
Moody's last rating action on Muenchener Hypothekenbank eG was on 8 December 2009, when Moody's downgraded MünchenerHyp to A1/C- from Aa3/C+, concluding review.
Domiciled in Munich, Germany, Muenchener Hypothekenbank eG reported total assets of EUR36 billion as of 30 September 2010 and a pretax profit for the first three quarters of 2010 of EUR30 million.
Moody's last rating action on Norddeutsche Landesbank GZ was on 25 February 2010, when Moody's downgraded Nord/LB's hybrid ratings.
Norddeutsche Landesbank GZ domiciled in Hannover, Germany, reported total assets of EUR237 billion as of 30 September 2010 and a pretax profit for the first nine months of EUR154 million.
Moody's last rating action on Sparkasse KoelnBonn was on 15 March 2010, when Moody's downgraded Sparkasse KoelnBonn's ratings to A1/D- from Aa2/C.
Domiciled in Cologne, Germany, Sparkasse KoelnBonn reported total assets of EUR30 billion at 31 December 2009 and a pretax loss for 2009 of EUR120 million.
Moody's last rating action on UniCredit Bank AG was on 11 March 2010, when Moody's downgraded UniCredit Bank's hybrid securities ratings.
Domiciled in Munich, Germany, UniCredit Bank AG reported total assets of EUR412 billion as of 30 September 2010 and a pretax profit for the first nine months of EUR1,686 million.
Moody's last rating action on Volkswagen Bank GmbH was on 23 September 2010, when Moody's downgraded Volkswagen Bank's BFSR to C-; A2 long-term rating confirmed.
Volkswagen Bank GmbH domiciled in Brunswick, Germany reported total assets of EUR34 billion as of 30 June 2010 and a pretax profit for the first half year of EUR188 million.
Moody's last rating action on WestLB was on 4 May 2010, when Moody's downgraded WestLB's senior unsecured debt and deposit ratings to A3 from A2 and its subordinated debt ratings to Baa1 from A3.
Domiciled in Dusseldorf, Germany, WestLB reported total assets of EUR220 billion as of 30 September 2010 and a pretax loss for the first nine months of EUR33 million.
Information sources used to prepare the credit rating are the following: parties involved in the ratings and public information.
Moody's Investors Service considers the quality of information available on the issuer or obligation satisfactory for the purposes of maintaining a credit rating.
The rating has been disclosed to the rated entity or its designated agents and issued with no amendment resulting from that disclosure.
The lead analyst names for each of the ratings affected is available on the issuer/entity page on www.moodys.com. and information on the MIS office that has issued the rating is available on the ratings tab of the issuer/entity page. The contact and office listed above is generally different from the Lead Analyst and the rating office.
Moody's Investors Service may have provided Ancillary or Other Permissible Service(s) to the rated entity or its related third parties within the three years preceding the Credit Rating Action. Please see the ratings disclosure page www.moodys.com/disclosures on our website for further information.
Moody's adopts all necessary measures so that the information it uses in assigning a credit rating is of sufficient quality and from sources Moody's considers to be reliable including, when appropriate, independent third-party sources. However, Moody's is not an auditor and cannot in every instance independently verify or validate information received in the rating process.
Please see ratings tab on the issuer/entity page on Moodys.com for the last rating action and the rating history.
The date on which some Credit Ratings were first released goes back to a time before Moody's Investors Service's Credit Ratings were fully digitized and accurate data may not be available. Consequently, Moody's Investors Service provides a date that it believes is the most reliable and accurate based on the information that is available to it. Please see the ratings disclosure page on our website www.moodys.com for further information.
Please see the Credit Policy page on Moodys.com for the methodologies used in determining ratings, further information on the meaning of each rating category and the definition of default and recovery.
Mathias Kuelpmann
Moody's Deutschland GmbH
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Carola Schuler
MD - Banking
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text:
Q: Trouble understanding portion of derivation of relative motion in two-body problem I'm doing some self study using Prusing and Conway's Orbital Mechanics. In the first chapter there is a derivation of r for relative motion that I'm having a little difficulty following. Specifically, this equation:
$$\ddot{\bf{r}} \times \bf{h} = \frac{-\mu}{\it{r^3}} \bf{r} \times \bf{h} = \frac{-\mu}{\it{r^3}} \bf{r} \times (\bf{r} \times \dot{\bf{r}})  $$
$$ = \frac{\mu}{\it{r^3}} [\dot{\bf{r}}({\bf{r}} \cdot {\bf{r}}) - {\bf{r}}({\bf{r}} \cdot {\bf{r}}) ]$$
If anybody could point me in the right direction for materials related to working through equations and flipping between cross products and dot products (as this equation seems to do?), I would be very appreciative. It's difficult for me to see how one obtains the bottom result from the rightmost side of the first equation. Is there some sort of identity relating cross products and dot products that I should know offhand?

A: This is in fact an identity. The statement is
$$
\mathbf{a}\times(\mathbf{b}\times\mathbf{c}) = \mathbf{b}(\mathbf{a}\cdot\mathbf{c}) - \mathbf{c}(\mathbf{a}\cdot\mathbf{b}).
$$
You can find a basic derivation of this identity on this wikipedia page under "Vector triple product."
Edit: If you'd like a somewhat more sophisticated derivation, here it is again with the Levi-Civita symbol, using the identity
$$
\epsilon_{ijk}\epsilon_{lmk} = \delta_{il}\delta_{jm} - \delta_{im}\delta_{jl},
$$
where $\delta_{ij}$ is the Kronecker delta.
Here, a vector $\mathbf{a}$ may be written as $\sum_i a_i\hat{x}_i$, so that
$$
\mathbf{a}\times\mathbf{b} = \sum_{ijk}\epsilon_{ijk}\hat{x}_i a_j b_k
$$
and
$$
\mathbf{a}\cdot\mathbf{b} = \sum_{ij}\delta_{ij} a_i b_j = \sum_i a_ib_i.
$$
If you're not familiar with this notation, don't worry about it. I'm just including this derivation because I don't know what your background is and I like this derivation better than the wikipedia derivation. You can consider this 'optional reading.'
In this notation, we see that
\begin{align}
\mathbf{a}\times(\mathbf{b}\times\mathbf{c}) &= \sum_i \hat{x}_i(\mathbf{a}\times(\mathbf{b}\times\mathbf{c}))_i\\
 &= \sum_{i}\hat{x}_i\sum_{jk}\epsilon_{ijk}a_j(\mathbf{b}\times\mathbf{c})_k\\
&= \sum_{ijk}\hat{x}_i\epsilon_{ijk}a_j\sum_{lm}\epsilon_{klm}b_lc_m\\
&= \sum_{ijk}\sum_{lm}\epsilon_{ijk}\epsilon_{klm}\hat{x}_i a_j b_l c_m\\
&= \sum_{ijk}\sum_{lm}\epsilon_{ijk}\epsilon_{lmk}\hat{x}_i a_j b_l c_m\\
&= \sum_{ij}\sum_{lm}(\delta_{il}\delta_{jm} - \delta_{im}\delta_{jl})\hat{x}_i a_j b_l c_m\\
&= \sum_{ij}\sum_{lm}\delta_{il}\delta_{jm}\hat{x}_i a_j b_l c_m - \sum_{ij}\sum_{lm}\delta_{im}\delta_{jl}\hat{x}_i a_j b_l c_m\\
&= \sum_{ij}\hat{x}_i b_i a_j c_j - \sum_{ij}\hat{x}_i c_i a_j b_j\\
&= \sum_i b_i\hat{x}_i\sum_{j}a_jc_j - \sum_i c_i\hat{x}_i\sum_j a_j b_j\\
&= \mathbf{b}(\mathbf{a}\cdot\mathbf{c}) - \mathbf{c}(\mathbf{a}\cdot\mathbf{b}),
\end{align}
and we achieve the desired result.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
APPEARS IN News Guns & Gear Ammo Videos
Federal Premium Wins Telly Award 'Collecting a Legacy' Short Film
by American Hunter Staff - Tuesday, April 12, 2016
Federal Premium Ammunition has received a "Telly" Award for the short film "Doc—Collecting A Legacy," which it launched last year at the NRA Annual Meetings & Exhibits in Nashville. The film achieved a bronze award in the competition's Promotional Branding category.
"Collecting A Legacy" highlights David "Doc" Frederickson's collection of historical ammunition, packaging and memorabilia—which largely centers around the Federal brand. Frederickson's never been a Federal employee, nor even an official historian. A lifelong collector of BB guns, medicine bottles and firecrackers, he made the Federal brand his new passion upon being introduced to hunting and the outdoors by his father. The company named him honorary historian last spring.
"This award highlights the outstanding reputation of our brand as a market leader," said Jason Nash, Federal Premium Ammunition Marketing Director. "The Federal Premium brand resonates with our customers for having a long history of quality and performance in any shooting discipline. But the fact that it highlights the life of Doc Frederickson—who is a fixture of our heritage, part of our culture and a member of the Federal Premium family—is what makes me most proud."
The Telly Awards honor film and video productions, web commercials, and outstanding local, regional and cable TV commercials and programs. The 36th Annual Telly Awards received more than 13,000 entries.
"Doc—Collecting A Legacy" can be viewed here.
For more information, go to FederalPremium.com.
federal ammunition federal premium jason nash doc frederickson telly awards videos video historian

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Eleftheria Tseliou Gallery
Eng Ελ
The gallery will be closed due to safety measures for public health.
David Sampethai
Work Bio Related exhibitions
No Regrets, 2013, acrylics, pen, rapidograph and ecoline ink on paper, 11 x 14.5 cm
Bully Regrets, 2013, oil Pastels on paper, 11 x 14.5 cm
Late Night Surf, 2013, acrylics, ecoline inks, pen and linseed oil on paper 11 x 14.5 cm
Sil Watching Game Of Thrones In Bed, 2015, acrylics and ecoline inks on paper, 36.5 x 25.5 cm
One Of Us, 2015, pen on paper, 25.5 x 18 cm
Lite Life, 2015, old markers, pen, ink and acrylic on paper, 36.5 x 25.5 cm
Midsummer Goth Dream, 2016, οil, glue and spray paint on canvas, 180 x 130 cm
David Sampethai is a Greek artist based in Athens. He studied Painting & Printmaking at the Glasgow School of Art. With painting at the core of his practice, Sampethai explores different ways of story-telling through the pairing of visual, written and musical/sound works. Upon graduation in 2012 he was chosen by the Royal Scottish Academy to exhibit at their 2013 New Contemporaries exhibition. His multimedia drawing installation Interzoned in collaboration with electronic music producer Benjha (Other People) won the Stevenston Painter of Merit Award.
An extended version of this installation constituted his first solo exhibition Interzoned at Eleftheria Tseliou Gallery in Athens (December 2013-February 2014). In 2015 he collaborated with fellow gallery artist Antonakis Christodoulou on Two Johns, an exhibition about a film not yet made. Its content was developed through paintings, drawings, writing, archive photographs and a soundtrack composed by the artist in collaboration with musicians Benjha and Irene Lyssari. The show was reviewed on ARTFORUM by Stephanie Bailey.
In 2017, he conceptualised and co-curated The Library Show at Eleftheria Tseliou Gallery. For its duration, the gallery was transformed into an artist book library, hosting a comprehensive and very diverse collection of artist books. His solo exhibition Key to the Kuffs followed up later in the year, consisting of a series of small gouache and ink diptych paintings and a large painting. The title of the exhibition carried a dual meaning, that of the guard that locks with a key and that of the guarding angel who uses it to unlock and set free. Through a fragmented narrative, various themes revolving around the title's idea and modern man's existential anxieties were explored.
The Still–Life Show
David Sampethai / Ill Winds
David Sampethai / Key To The Kuffs
The Library Show
David Sampethai & Antonakis / Two Johns
David Sampethai / Interzoned


text:
Jamaica's Toni-Ann Singh crowned Miss World 2019
LONDON: Jamaica's Toni-Ann Singh has bagged the Miss World 2019 at an annual beauty pageant held here, with India's Suman Rao becoming second runners-up.
The 23-year-old Jamaican was declared the winner at a televised event, hosted by British television personality Piers Morgan, held at ExceL London here on Saturday.
Born to her Indo-Caribbean father Bradshaw Singh and African-Caribbean mother Jahrine Bailey, Singh is a student of women's studies and psychology at Florida State University and she aspires to be a medical doctor.
During the competition, she earned a resounding applause from audiences for singing Whitney Houston's hit "I Have Nothing".
The Jamaican was crowned by last year's winner, Vanessa Ponce de Leon of Mexico.
Singh celebrated her win on Instagram, expressing gratitude to her fellow Jamaican's for "believing in me".
"My heart is filled with love and gratitude. Thank you so much for believing in me.You pushed me to believe in myself. I am not only honoured but humbled to be the 69th Miss World. Thank you to my family and to my friends. The love and support you poured into me now allows me to pour into the world. My mother @jahrinebailey, I love you I love you I love you. I wish to become even half the woman you are.You are my strength, my number one supporter/cheerleader/fan and my absolute best friend," she said.
My Jamaica, sweet Jamaica
China defends raising Kashmir issue at UNSC to de-escalate Indo-Pak tensions
BEIJING: Stoutly defending its decision to raise the Kashmir issue at the UN Security Council as an attempt to de-escalate Ind .....
UV Creations have shared details about Prabhas 20th Film
One movie changed the fate of Tollywood hero Prabhas… It didn't come with luck, but instead, this young rebel sta .....
Sri Lanka ex-minister held over phone calls recording scandal
COLOMBO: Sri Lankan authorities have arrested a former minister who allegedly recorded 100,000 phone calls, the sometimes lewd .....
Russia to deliver five S-400 air defence systems to India in 2025
NEW DELHI: Russia on Friday said that five S-400 air defence systems will be delivered to India in 2025, as per schedule. .....
Donald Trump is 'clown' who pretends to support Iranian people: Iran's top leader
TEHRAN: Iran's supreme leader said President Donald Trump is a "clown" who only pretends to support the Iranian people, as he .....
'Pattas' review: Dhanush and Sneha strive to lift this predictable film that lacks soaring highs
A wronged warrior woman has been held captive for many, many years, and she's been biding her time, collecting leaflets .....


text:
package com.vaadin.tests.components.tree;

import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.containsString;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;

import java.util.List;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

import com.vaadin.testbench.By;
import com.vaadin.tests.tb3.MultiBrowserTest;

public class SelectItemAfterRemoveTest extends MultiBrowserTest {

    @Test
    public void selectedItemIsSelected() {
        openTestURL();

        getSecondSpan().click();

        assertThat(getNodes().size(), is(2));
        assertThat(getFirstNode().getAttribute("class"),
                containsString("v-tree-node-selected"));
    }

    private WebElement getFirstNode() {
        return getNodes().get(0);
    }

    private List<WebElement> getNodes() {
        return findElements(By.className("v-tree-node-caption"));
    }

    private WebElement getSecondSpan() {
        for (WebElement e : getSpans()) {
            if (e.getText().equals("second")) {
                return e;
            }
        }

        return null;
    }

    private List<WebElement> getSpans() {
        return findElements(By.tagName("span"));
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The City is grateful for the donations we receive throughout the year from residents, non-profit organizations, and community groups. If you are considering making a donation to the City or to one of our departments such as Police, Fire/EMS, or Parks, you may now do so online. Please click below to use a credit card or electronic check.


text:
50 Cent Has Hilarious Reaction to Tyler Perry's Fancy, Electronic Invitation: 'Cancel My Schedule'
Posted byBy Daryl Nelson | Published on August 2, 2019 CommentsComments (0)
On the weekend of Oct. 5, Tyler Perry will be celebrating the "grand opening" of his Tyler Perry Studios in Atlanta, and he invited 50 Cent.
But Perry just didn't send any old invite, he sent 50 an electronic invitation that showed his image.
"Mr. 50 Cent, Tyler Perry here," he said on screen, which 50 posted on Tuesday. "Sending you this personal invitation to 'Imagine This.' It's the celebration of the grand opening of the brand new Tyler Perry Studios."
Fif was clearly blown away.
"Damn, I want my invitations like this," the rapper stated, as he opened a burgundy case that also held a printed gold invitation.
The G-Unit leader then addressed some of the people who were standing in his office and told them they all need to step it up as far as bringing in more business opportunities. 50 said he'd definitely be going to the event as well.
"What the f–k," he yelled. "We need to make more money. Get the f–k out of my office. I'm coming to that sh–. I don't care what I got to do. Cancel my schedule."
https://www.instagram.com/p/B0i9z9SHJ_z/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=embed_video_watch_again
50's followers seemed to get a kick out of his reaction to the elaborate invitation.
"You are so funny, didn't realize how fun you are until IG ," someone wrote on Instagram.
"Lmfaooo get the f–k out my office lmaoooo I'm in tears lmao."
Perry gave details about the new studio in a July 27 Instagram post and revealed how he transformed the property once he purchased it — although a lot of people told him to leave it alone due to its bad condition.
"When I first saw the land that is my new studio it had been abandoned for years. 10 foot tall grass, snakes, coyotes, etc.," wrote Perry. "But where others saw dilapidation, I saw hope. I saw promise. Several advisors told me not to do it."
Tags50 centTyler Perry
'I Would Gladly Buy The Buildings at a Premium': Tyler Perry Fuming Over Proposed FDA Lab and Its 'Smokestacks' Near His Studios
50 Cent Calls Gabrielle Union's Reasoning for Cheating on Ex-Husband as 'Hoe Sh–'
Tyler Perry Buys More Land to Expand His Atlanta Studio and Develop an Entertainment Complex That Boasts Theaters and Restaurants


RICHMOND, VA (September 20, 2016) –As the 2016-2017 ECNL Texas Conference competition gets underway, we quickly reviewed the 2015-2016 season and have taken a look at the upcoming season and what each team is looking to accomplish, with special attention given to the players to watch in the 2016-2017 season. To read the 2016-2017 Texas Conference Preview click here.
The remaining five Conference Previews will be released in the coming weeks.


This Soviet rifleman is firing his rifle while advancing through the snow covered field, as he and his countrymen use the advancing tank ahead of them as cover.
This particular figures wears a winter coat, but you can also find in summer tunic with helmet or cap.
Find him and his countrymen in the Soviet WWII Section of the Victory Store.
He is one of over 1000 figures you can find in the Victory Store.
This entry was posted in Spotlight and tagged 28mm, soviets, spotlight, WWII. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
How long until September 09, 2021 ?
There are 224 days until September 09, 2021
Famous birthdays of September 09
(2009) Sparrow Madden: American noted family, the second child...
(2008) Peyton Edmonds: American child of noted parent, her dad...
(2006) Monkey: Vine Star.
(2002) Elliott Stephanopolis: American noted family, the daughter of...
(2001) Giulia Violati: Italian noted family, the first daughter...
More celebrities born on September 09
Holidays and feasts of September 09
North Korea - Republic Day (1948)
Eastern Orthodoxy - Synaxis of the Theopatores Joachim and Anna
California - Admission Day (to commemorate the state's admission to the USA)
Japan - Chrysanthemum Day (Kiku no Sekku)
Tajikistan - Independence Day (from USSR, 1991)
Facts of September 09
(2015) Syrian Civil War: Islamic Front rebels seize Abu al-Duhur military airport while taking control of Syria's northwestern Idlib province. (BBC), (Reuters via Sydney Morning Herald), (Al Jazeera English Online)Russian forces reportedly begin combat operations in Syria in support of the Bashar al-Assad government. (Reuters)
(2017) 2017 US Open (tennis): In tennis, Sloane Stephens of the United States wins the women's singles final defeating fellow American Madison Keys 6–3, 6–0. (Reuters via Yahoo!)
(1991) Tajikistan declares its independence from the Soviet Union.
(2013) In tennis, Rafael Nadal wins the Men's Singles at the 2013 US Open defeating Novak Djokovic 6-2, 3-6, 6-4, 6-1. (The New York Times)
(2006) Taliban insurgency (Operation Medusa):: NATO-led forces in Afghanistan say they have killed 40 more Taliban rebels in the ongoing offensive in the south. (BBC)
September 09 over the years: how did the world look like on September 09 in the past 120 years ?
Select your date below
2010s 2000s 1990s 1980s 1970s 1960s
09 September 2009 09 September 1999 09 September 1989 09 September 1979 09 September 1969
09 September 2018 09 September 2008 09 September 1998 09 September 1988 09 September 1978 09 September 1968


text:
package com.everypay.sdk.inter;

import com.everypay.sdk.api.EveryPayError;
import com.everypay.sdk.api.responsedata.EveryPayTokenResponseData;

public interface EveryPay3DsConfirmListener extends ServiceListener {

    void onEveryPay3DsConfirmSucceed(EveryPayTokenResponseData responseData);

    void onEveryPay3DsConfirmFailure(EveryPayError error);
}


It's time for your swing to shine at Mohegan Sun Country Club at Pautipaug. Nestled in scenic southeastern Connecticut, our world-class 18-hole course features plush greens, top-of-the-line bunkers and the exceptional guest service you've come to expect from our impeccable staff.
Afterwards, let the non-stop fun continue at our three world-class casinos and 10,000-seat arena that's home to the world's top performers. Pamper yourself in luxury at either our Elemis Spa or 1,200 rooms & suites. And to top it all off, choose from 40 retail shops, 25 delicious restaurants and 20 bars & clubs that will make every moment at Mohegan Sun truly unforgettable.


Welcome to the seventeenth post in the Arm Chair Travel series. The Arm Chair Travel series is where I share with you, my favourite travel blog posts I have recently read. As Toddlers on Tour is now a co-host of #TheWeeklyPostcard (learn more about that HERE) I thought the Arm Chair Travel series would be a great way for me to introduce you to some enjoyable travel posts I found during the previous weeks link up.
Last week (21 July 2017) on #TheWeeklyPostcard along with quite a number of travel destination inspiration and travel guides were a few travel tips articles.
VeraVise offered five useful tips to help plan your holiday. I'm a big fan of travel tip number five.
However one of the hardest things to prepare for is changing time zones from home to your holiday destination. Eat Cheese Travel offer 14 tips to help you combat jet lag.
Another thing that is hard to prepare for is travel sickness – it happens to the best of us. Adventurous Trails shares nine travel bloggers tails of their experiences falling ill whilst travelling. It's one of the reasons why I recommend on my Family Travel Essentials page that you take out travel insurance and we use Cover More Travel Insurance.


text:
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CFDs are complex instruments and come with a high risk of losing money rapidly due to leverage. 65% of retail investor accounts lose money when trading CFDs with this provider.
CFDs are complex instruments and come with a high risk of losing money rapidly due to leverage. 65% of retail investor accounts lose money when trading CFDs with this provider. You should consider whether you understand how CFDs, FX or any of our other products work and whether you can afford to take the high risk of losing your money.
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Video length: 10 minutes
Morning Call: Europe, Brexit and the world
Clare MacCarthy
Senior Editor, Saxo Bank
Summary: Saxo's brand new Q2 Outlook is now available and contains a wealth of analysis and insight into the prospects of the European and global economies. Elsewhere today, the latest showdown in the UK parliament heightens the risk of a crashout Brexit in just 10 days time.
Click here to download your copy of our latest Quarterly Outlook.
Macro Dragon: The Number One Head Band...
Macro Dragon = Daily Cross-Asset Global Views
Today we touch on what it takes to wear the coveted Number One Head Band. As well as check in on the DollarYen break-out higher that is in progress, a higher USDPHP & the Swiss franc
Everybody Loves TINA
Equities continue to march higher and the ASX 200 has rocketed through 7000 for the first time as the signing of the long awaited Phase 1 trade deal emboldened risk sentiment.
Macro Dragon: Credit Its Due, Strong Swiss Franc + Bits & Bobs...
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text:
New tool to translate communications between the microbiome and the body
A new tool developed by scientists at the Quadram Institute and Earlham Institute is helping to translate the complex communication between the microbiome and the body. The tool will be valuable for researchers trying to understand microbes influence health, the changes that lead to disease, and point to potential drug targets.
The human gut microbiome has important roles in keeping us healthy. It's vital for obtaining nutrients from food, and it's becoming more apparent it plays a role in different chronic, terminal and lifestyle diseases. Changes in the composition of the microbiome have been associated with type 2 diabetes, obesity and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but it's not clear how those changes cause the onset of different conditions, or whether they are instead a symptom.
To start unpicking the mechanisms, researchers have been focusing on the communication between microbes and their host organisms, including humans. Microbes release a variety of metabolites, proteins and RNA molecules that allow them to communicate with other proteins from the host organism. This may elicit a response from the host networks resulting in turning on or off host genes that modulate various processes.
Translating these cross-kingdom communications between microbial and host proteins is vital if we are to understand the processes that affect health as well as disease. Such inter-kingdom communication studies have been done for some bacteria, mainly pathogenic species that trigger specific disease conditions. But the microbiome may contain thousands of different species, all potentially communicating with an array of different host proteins, linked to many different signalling pathways and physiological processes.
To get a handle on these complex communications, Dr Tamas Korcsmaros and Dr Padhmanand Sudhakar from the Quadram Institute and the Earlham Institute and colleagues developed an integrated computational pipeline called MicrobioLink. Published in the journal Cells, MicrobioLink connects microbial proteins with host proteins they are likely to interact with, and then infers how these interactions influence cellular processes in the host.
The MicrobioLink workflow. Cells 2020, 9(5), 1278; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9051278
Researchers can use Microbiolink to test a set of proteins, which for example might be the proteins secreted by an entire microbial community, against a relevant list of host proteins from experimental data or existing databases. The pipeline then predicts interactions between microbial and host proteins based on their respective molecular features such as domains and motifs. Protein-protein interactions represent potentially interesting communication channels between bacteria and host.
The power of Microbiolink comes in the next step that uses a principle,termed diffusion, in network science to trace the effects of the interactions between the microbial and host proteins on other host processes further downstream. This uses existing databases of validated molecular interactions to follow signals from host proteins (predicted to be bound by and hence modified by microbial proteins) through to other target genes or proteins in the host. With appropriate filtering, this can identify key nodes in networks and specific genes or proteins in the host that are affected by the original communication between the microbes and the host.
To test the pipeline, the research team carried out a case study using a compendium of bacterial proteins found only in patients with Crohn's disease, and another set of proteins found only in healthy people. They used MicrobioLink to compare how the different sets of proteins affected autophagy, which is an important cellular process that's known to be dysregulated in Crohn's disease. This revealed a network with clearly separated signalling paths exclusive to the disease and healthy contexts and, ultimately, influencing the expression of autophagy genes.
These findings would need to be confirmed experimentally but they point towards a potential mechanism linking the microbiome and Crohn's disease. The case study also demonstrates the potential for this integrated computational pipeline to translate communications between microbes and host so we can start to understand their effects on the body, and their implications on health and disease.
As well as studying the influence of the microbiome on other diseases, MicrobioLink could also be used to unpick the beneficial effects on the host of probiotic bacteria or communities of bacteria, and not just in humans.
"Basically, we are now providing a method for the scientific community to understand better how commensal or probiotic bacteria are influencing our health. It is a computational analysis tool, so the first step towards designing focused experimental studies but we hope it will already help colleagues to leverage the existing wealth of data from various patients, and result in new clinical intervention studies" Tamas Korcsmaros said.
"As MicrobioLink is versatile and agnostic to the organisms, it will have applications in livestock health, as well as in analysing how the soil microbiome affects plant health." – Padhmanand Sudhakar added.
More immediately, the team is looking to apply MicrobioLink to understanding the effects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus behind the COVID-19 pandemic.
Reference: MicrobioLink: An Integrated Computational Pipeline to Infer Functional Effects of Microbiome–Host Interactions Tahila Andrighetti, Balazs Bohar, Ney Lemke, Padhmanand Sudhakar, and Tamas Korcsmaros. Cells 2020, 9(5), 1278; doi: 10.3390/cells9051278
Code for the MicrobioLink pipeline is available at https://github.com/korcsmarosgroup/HMIpipeline under CC BY-NC licence
Read more on the Earlham Institute website
Dr Padhmanand Sudhakar
Dr Tamas Korcsmaros
Related Targets
Related Research Groups
Tamas Korcsmaros
Related Research Areas


The AmberLED Round Flat Top Bollards are available with cone reflector or louvers with 270° glare shield, and are certified by the Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) for wildlife applications that are directly visible from the shore requiring monochromatic AMBER light. LEDs operate between 585 and 595 nm, greater than 560nm required by FWC. Typical applications include retail centers, hotels, residential, parks, schools and universities, office buildings and medical facilities.
Extruded Aluminum Housing with Flush Mounting Base & Vandal-Resistant Screws, Flat Top, Internal Ballast Tray for easy maintenance. Includes 270° Shield Required to Maintain FWC Certification. Bollards Can Be Cut to Custom Lengths Upon Request.
Textured Architectural Bronze or Black Powdercoat Finish Over a Chromate Conversion Coating. Custom Colors Available Upon Request.
Specially Designed Aluminum Cone Reflector or Internal Louves.
Mounting Kit with 8" Anchor Bolts, Included.
Array: 14.5W, System: 17w (70w HID Equivalent).


Skyway Creations Flower Shop and Greenery has been your fresh flower experts in Colorado Springs since 1970. We are family owned and operated with one location serving the Colorado Springs area. Exquisite fresh flowers and quality of design are our trademarks. Our imaginative company may fulfill all your floral request. We are continually testing the boundaries by utilizing the best flowers available and creation a mood, if you will, no matter the occasion. As premier special event decorators, we are renowned for magnificence in every detail. Because all of our customers are important, our professional staff is dedicated to making your experience a pleasant one. That is why we always go the extra mile to make your floral gift perfect.
Let Skyway Creations Flower Shop and Greenery be your first choice for flowers.
*Our shop is open Monday through Friday from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., and from 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. on Saturday. We are closed on Sundays. To help assure on-time delivery during the busy holiday season, place your order at least one day prior to the following major holidays: Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day, New Year's Day, Valentine's Day, Easter, Administrative Professionals Week, Mother's Day, Memorial Day, Father's Day, Independence Day and Labor Day. Our shop will always be closed on the following holidays: Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day, New Year's Day, Easter, Mother's Day, Memorial Day, Father's Day, Independence Day and Labor Day.
If you have any questions or need more information, please contact us by e-mail at info@skywaycreations.com or call us toll free at 866-632-2661 or locally at 719-632-2661. We're always here to serve you and make your flower-sending experience a pleasure.


Guinea pig adenovirus infection does not inhibit cochlear transfection with human adenoviral vectors in a model of hearing loss.
Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of guinea pig adenovirus hexon protein with that of other mastadenoviruses.
Pathogenesis of guinea pig adenovirus infection.


text:
Scientists to hold back time on June 30!
IndiatimesUpdated on Jun 29, 2012, 08:34 IST
The last minute of June 30, 2012 is destined to be 61 seconds long, as timekeepers will add a "leap second" to compensate for the wibbly-wobbly movements of our world.
The ever-so-brief halting of the second hand will compensate for a creeping divergence from solar time, meaning the period required for Earth to complete a day.
The planet takes just over 86,400 seconds for a 360-degree revolution.
But it wobbles on its axis and is affected by the gravitational pull of the Sun and Moon and the ocean tides, all of which stop the rotation by a tiny sliver of a second.
As a result, Earth gets out of step with International Atomic Time (TAI), which uses the pulsation of atoms to measure time to an accuracy of several billionths of a second.
The adjustments began in 1972. Before then, time was measured exclusively by the position of the Sun or stars in relation to Earth, expressed in Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) or its successor UT1.
This will be the 25th intervention to add a "leap second" to UTC.
"Today, time is constructed, defined and measured with atomic clocks that are infinitely more stable than astronomical time. This allows us to ensure that everyone on Earth is on the exact same time," the Telegraph quoted Noel Dimarcq, director of the SYRTE time-space reference system at the Paris Observatory as telling a foreign news agency.
TAI is kept by several hundred atomic clocks around the world, measuring fluctuations in the atom of the chemical element caesium that allows them to divide a single second into 10 billion smaller bits.
With such precision, "only one (atomic) second is lost every 300 million years," said Dimarcq.
Every time the discrepancy between TAI and UT1 becomes too big, the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) jumps into action and announces a "leap second" - usually several months in advance.
The extra second is added to UTC, also known as Zulu time, only ever at midnight, either on a December 31 or a June 30.
Time-catching is as irregular as the Earth' rotation itself. The last three adjustments were in 2008, 2005 and 1998.
The year 1972 saw two additions, followed the next seven years by a second every year.


Two major US allies in the Persian Gulf have apparently ignored Washington's advice about not using equipment from Chinese vendor Huawei in their 5G networks and signed deals with the company.
The company that is under the US gun, Huawei Technologies, has bitten back, saying it is ironical that while the US keeps flinging evidence-free charges of spying at the Chinese firm, Washington passed a law last year that makes it possible for it to access data in any branch of an American company located overseas.
NetComm Wireless director of Marketing and Communications Els Baert has told MWC 2019 in Barcelona that operators will need to deploy self-installation technology to deliver successful 5G fixed wireless services.


Come and enjoy a free concert of attractive new instrumental music featuring a variety of character works by well-known composers Janet Jennings and Ben Hoadley - performed by pianist Liam Wooding, flautist Luca Manghi, bassoonist Ben Hoadley, cellist Callum Hall, and vocalist Christina Wilson.
Some of Janet's compositions have been inspired by works from the Trust Waikato Collection at the Waikato Museum - Te Whare Taonga o Waikato, including Play-Pen by Jenny Dolezel (pictured). This is a free concert - all welcome!
Thanks to our sponsors and funders - Creative New Zealand, Trust Waikato, WEL Energy Trust and The Wallace Foundation.


Harold Alexander Jr. grew up in Houston, Texas. After graduating from college, he moved to a small town in southwestern Louisiana, along the banks of the Bayou Teche, where he now resides, along with his wife and sons. He has devoted his entire life to working with underprivileged and troubled youth. He is also a minister of the Gospel. In his spare time he enjoys reading, traveling, and collecting coins. Above all, he relishes in the priceless advice obtained from elderly people.
You can earn a 5% commission by selling Where the Old People Play on your website. It's easy to get started - we will give you example code. After you're set-up, your website can earn you money while you work, play or even sleep! You should start right now!


September 23rd. Centre Church: Wholeness Centre: (1 Thessalonians 5:23 Luke 17:19) (well NIV =sozo 'whole') This September we are reflecting on our call and purpose. What is Woodlands Church called to be? We are a local Church, but also a gathered Church and part of a city movement. It can be challenging to relate to a large Church and feel our place in it; a clarity of vision and purpose can help us.


Today I did a lot of running around about my phone. The backlight is deffo kaputskis. So the Apple store told me that he can replace the screen for one hundred beans. I do not have one hundred beans. AT&T told me that I can "upgrade" to the same phone I have for 50 beans but then I'd be shackling myself to them for another two years and we were gonna be free from their clutches in March. Honestly we're happy with AT&T's service so we're probably gonna stay with them regardless but it's tough because the iPhone is too expensive for us but even more expensive to cancel. So IDK. Maybe I'll just deal with it and see how long I can hold off doing anything about it.
Remember when you were a kid and you went to the park all day and went bananas playing with your friends? Kickball, bike riding, hide and go seek, tag, etc, etc, etc…and then you come home, eat dinner, your Mom puts you in the bath and then you're just totally totally D-O-N-E? A day full of frenzied activity and then the cozy sleepiness that follows? That's me right now.
Okay, gonna watch some X-Files. I'm all over the place with these tv shows. God I love Netflix Instant. (How did we live before Netflix Instant?!) G'nite!


text:
Northumbria University unveils its state-of-the-art Business Clinic in partnership with Santander
Press release • May 15, 2017 16:52 BST
L-R Matt Hutnell, Director of Santander Universities UK with Professor Andrew Wathey CBE, Chief Executive and Vice-Chancellor for Northumbria
Northumbria University's highly successful Business Clinic has taken on a new dimension with a relocation to purpose-built, state-of-the-art premises in the heart of the city and a £150k boost from Santander Universities UK.
The Business Clinic is part of Northumbria University's award-winning Business School; recognised as Business School of the Year in 2015 and more recently the first North East Business School to win the Small Business Charter for services to SMEs.
The Clinic is an education scheme where business students participate in a 'consultancy firm' to provide advice for clients. The free service is available to all types of businesses from SMEs and multinationals to charities, social enterprises and not-for-profit organisations. Students are encouraged to get to the root of the problem and deliver genuine solutions for real businesses.
Areas of focus include strategic operations or company expansion, human resources, finance, brand development, digital marketing and social media strategy, planning, logistics, IT and strategic marketing.
To date, the Business Clinic has helped more than 600 students advise over 145 organisations including the Dyspraxia Foundation, Northumbria Police, North West Ambulance Service, BALTIC Centre for Contemporary Art, Greggs plc, Helix Arts and Parker Hannifin.
The University has invested over £800,000 to move the Business Clinic into its own vibrant, 500 square metre premises on New Bridge Street. The building includes client briefing rooms, boardroom, reception area, a conferencing and event space and a state-of-the-art digital communications system.
The Business Clinic has also secured support from Santander Universities UK to play an integral role in maximising the positive impact of the Clinic's activities. Through an annual donation of £50,000 per year for three years, the partnership will fund student placements and internships with business clients.
Since its formation in 1996, Santander Universities has donated over €1 billion to more than 1,200 universities in 20 countries through scholarships, research grants and mobility awards designed to enable enterprise, employability, internationalisation and innovation.
In 2015, Northumbria joined the UK network of 82 participating universities, furthering its ambition to work with leading organisations to enrich students' educational experiences and enhance their employability skills.
The new Santander Universities UK partnership was announced by Javier Roglá, Global Managing Director of Santander Universities and Universia and Matt Hutnell, Director of Santander Universities, during a special launch event for the Business Clinic's new premises.
The Santander Universities Internships Programme will provide Northumbria students and graduates with the opportunity to secure a paid summer internship in a small to medium sized business.
Speaking at the event, Matt Hutnell, Director of Santander Universities UK said: "Our purpose at Santander is to help people and businesses prosper. Initiatives such as the Business Clinic at Northumbria University are excellent examples of how this can be achieved, with students gaining an insight into the working world whilst at the same time helping to drive growth in local SMEs.
"We are delighted to support the University on such a great initiative. The Santander Universities Internships Programme will provide more Northumbria students and graduates with new opportunities to secure valuable work experience and we also look forward to continuing this rewarding partnership."
Northumbria is one of the largest universities in the UK with almost 34,000 students from 132 countries. Newcastle Business School is in the top 1% of business schools worldwide with a double accreditation from AACSB (the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business) – an international hallmark of excellence.
According to the latest figures on higher education start-ups by the Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) for 2015/16, Northumbria is also the number one university for start-ups based on the turnover of graduate businesses (£69.2m).
Professor Andrew Wathey CBE, Vice-Chancellor and Chief Executive of Northumbria University, said: "Creating dedicated premises for the Business Clinic and re-affirming our partnership with Santander brings another dimension to the award-winning work of the Newcastle Business School at Northumbria University.
"The support that the University has received from Santander will help the Business Clinic's work with individual students, giving them skills informed by cutting-edge business research and improving their chances of securing highly-desirable jobs. It will help bring the University's talent, knowledge and expertise to bear in supporting a wide range of businesses and charities."
Nigel Coates, Director of the Business Clinic, said: "Few universities in the UK offer their business students the opportunity to work directly with business leaders but Northumbria is an exception. Since 2013, the Business Clinic has been supporting our final-year undergraduate and Masters' students to provide clients with a free-of-charge, full consultancy service under the supervision of experienced staff.
"The Business Clinic's new premises also offers the ideal venue for growing numbers of SMEs and social enterprises that are expressing their need to us for external engagement and networking opportunities.
"The scheme undoubtedly strengthens University-business collaboration and the Business Clinic's ethos embodies Northumbria's belief in effective partnerships as one of the most powerful drivers for business success, especially in today's fiercely competitive and constantly changing economic environment.
"In addition to the Clinic's consultancy service, our internationally renowned academics and energised students can be mobilised to support businesses through Knowledge Transfer Partnerships, Continuing Professional Development courses, Executive Coaching, Degree Apprenticeships, Intellectual Property advice, collaborative research and many other initiatives."
The launch event was attended by partners from the North East business community including the NELEP, NEECC, CBI and businesses the Business Clinic has previously worked with.
Catherine Hearne, Chief Executive, Helix Arts worked with the Business Clinic last year. She said: "I've been blown away by the energy, enthusiasm and ideas the team brought to our brief. They went far beyond our expectations. We'd asked them to explore the feasibility of Helix Arts diversifying into events management and were highly impressed that they went several steps further and were able to make a recommendation that not only is there a gap in the market, they even highlighted the specific areas we could target our expertise."
Newcastle Business School was the Times Higher Education magazine's UK Business School of the Year for 2015. Northumbria University is the number one university in the North East for 'good industry connections' according to the Times Higher Education Student Experience Survey 2015-16.
Northumbria is a research-rich, business-focused, professional university with a global reputation for academic excellence. To find out more about our courses go to www.northumbria.ac.uk
If you have a media enquiry please contact our Media and Communications team at media.communications@northumbria.ac.uk or call 0191 227 4571.
EducationUniversity, University College
Prior to publication, it must be approved by Northumbria University, Newcastle.
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£750,000 upgrade for interactive teaching facility
Press releases • Aug 30, 2017 16:47 BST
A fully interactive teaching facility at Northumbria University is getting a £750,000 make over which will see the facility become one of the biggest and best in the country.
Business leader Adam Serfontein honoured by Northumbria University
Press releases • Jul 10, 2017 14:29 BST
Adam Serfontein has received a Doctor of Civil Law from Northumbria University, Newcastle, for his vast contribution to the region's economy.
Business mentor shortlisted for major UK Higher Education award
A leader in enterprise at Northumbria University, Newcastle, has been recognised for his part in helping transform the lives of a wide range of students and graduates starting their own business.
Support for SMEs and students through Northumbria paid internship scheme
Businesses working in the creative and cultural sectors have been among the hardest hit by the Covid-19 pandemic, with many smaller organisations facing a massive loss of revenue.


This 24K Gold Plated Mother and Daughter necklace set is made to express love between mother and daughter.
they could be also for a grandmother and granddaughter, or even a big sister and little sister.
It is the perfect everyday complement and it also a beautiful and meaningful gift!
• All our jewelry is nickel free.


FORMED IN 1998, WE MAKE IT EASY FOR YOU TO PROMOTE YOUR BUSINESS OR SCHOOL. WE CAN ACCEPT MOST DIGITAL GRAPHICS AND WILL MAKE YOUR LOGO STAND OUT ON A VARIETY OF PROMOTIONAL PRODUCTS. NEED HELP WITH A DESIGN CALL OR E-MAIL WE WILL BE HAPPY TO HELP.


text:
package org.postgresql.benchmark.statement;

import org.postgresql.benchmark.profilers.FlightRecorderProfiler;
import org.postgresql.util.ConnectionUtil;

import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Benchmark;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.BenchmarkMode;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Fork;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Level;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Measurement;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Mode;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.OutputTimeUnit;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Param;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Scope;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Setup;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.State;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.TearDown;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Warmup;
import org.openjdk.jmh.profile.GCProfiler;
import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.Runner;
import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.RunnerException;
import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.options.Options;
import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.options.OptionsBuilder;

import java.sql.Array;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.sql.Types;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

@Fork(value = 5, jvmArgsPrepend = "-Xmx128m")
@Measurement(iterations = 10, time = 1, timeUnit = TimeUnit.SECONDS)
@Warmup(iterations = 10, time = 1, timeUnit = TimeUnit.SECONDS)
@State(Scope.Thread)
@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
public class BindArray {
  private Connection connection;
  private PreparedStatement ps;

  Integer[] ints;

  @Param({"1", "5", "10", "50", "100", "1000"})
  int arraySize;

  @Setup(Level.Trial)
  public void setUp() throws SQLException {
    Properties props = ConnectionUtil.getProperties();

    connection = DriverManager.getConnection(ConnectionUtil.getURL(), props);
    ps = connection.prepareStatement("SELECT ?");
    ints = new Integer[arraySize];
    for (int i = 0; i < arraySize; i++) {
      ints[i] = i + 1;
    }
  }

  @TearDown(Level.Trial)
  public void tearDown() throws SQLException {
    ps.close();
    connection.close();
  }

  @Benchmark
  public Statement setObject() throws SQLException {
    Array sqlInts = connection.createArrayOf("int", ints);
    ps.setObject(1, sqlInts, Types.ARRAY);
    return ps;
  }

  @Benchmark
  public Statement setArray() throws SQLException {
    Array sqlInts = connection.createArrayOf("int", ints);
    ps.setArray(1, sqlInts);
    return ps;
  }

  public static void main(String[] args) throws RunnerException {
    Options opt = new OptionsBuilder()
        .include(BindArray.class.getSimpleName())
        .addProfiler(GCProfiler.class)
        .addProfiler(FlightRecorderProfiler.class)
        .detectJvmArgs()
        .build();

    new Runner(opt).run();
  }
}


The enchanting image below, is other parts of Original Science Birthday Party article which is classed as within Birthday Party, great party ideas, and posted at June 7th, 2016 14:14:12 PM by .
Look for a science experiment birthday party kit to organize a lunch break. Basic and super party supplies have got plastic plates for lunch and dessert, cutlery, cups, tableware and napkins with printed images of science items. Shop for mixing tablets, snow powder, jelly crystals, glow powder, safety glasses, test tubes, and cups with lids. Powder and liquid ingredients can be mixed to create unusual colours and use them for drawing.
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text:
Year in review: The top stories of 2017
Written By Ken Paulman December 21, 2017
Abby / Creative Commons
Southeast Energy News is taking a short holiday break, and we want to pause briefly to thank you, our readers, for another great year.
From its launch in 2015, this site has grown into a widely recognized resource for coverage of the clean energy transition that might otherwise go unnoticed in other media outlets.
***Last chance! Donations to Southeast Energy News through December 31 will be doubled as part of the NewsMatch program. Click here to contribute!***
Starting next year we will be rebranding as the Energy News Network to reflect our nationwide expansion. But fear not! Our Southeast reporting and daily email digest will continue unchanged and uninterrupted. You'll hear more from us about this in January.
For now, without further delay, here are the top ten most-read Southeast Energy News stories from 2017. Thanks for reading, and we'll see you next year!
Controversy brews over new North Carolina wood pellet facility: Our top story this year explores a controversial facility that would produce wood pellets for export to European biomass plants, but also produce pollution that would disproportionately harm nearby African-American communties.
Critics say Duke-backed North Carolina bill will 'crush renewables': Legislation that critics dubbed "the Duke bill" would have changed the way utilities acquire energy from renewable projects; the bill remains in committee.
North Carolina delays decision on Atlantic Coast pipeline: The project's fate in North Carolina remains undecided.
Q&A: A Virginia lawmaker challenges utility over customer charges: State Sen. Chap Petersen has been a vocal critic of the state's largest utility.
Amid nuclear setbacks, Virginia utility pauses plans for new reactor: Overshadowed by nuclear controversies in Georgia and South Carolina, Dominion Energy quietly put plans for a new reactor in the state on hold.
Virginia utility under pressure from company seeking to offer 100% renewable electricity: Across the country, large corporate customers are demanding more clean energy options from utilities.
Why biomass remains a challenge, even in timber-rich Georgia: Critics have questioned the economics of this project.
Why Alabama still lags the rest of the Southeast on solar: A closer look at the unique obstacles to solar in a state that ranks near the bottom nationally for solar development.
Report: Duke Energy could save ratepayers money with more clean energy: A report produced by clean energy advocates projects billions in savings if Duke Energy pursues more solar instead of a nuclear plant.
Energy bill could see North Carolina join national fight over net metering: The bill eventually passed.
Southeast Energy News will return on January 2, 2018. Thanks for reading!
About Ken Paulman
Ken is the director of the Energy News Network at Fresh Energy and is a founding editor of both Midwest Energy News and Southeast Energy News. Prior to joining Fresh Energy, he was the managing editor for online news at Minnesota Public Radio. He started his journalism career in 2002 as a copy editor for the Duluth News Tribune before spending five years at the Spokesman-Review in Spokane, Washington, where he worked as a copy editor, online producer, features editor and night city editor. A Nebraska native, Ken has a bachelor's degree from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and a master's degree from the University of Oregon. He is a member of the Society of Professional Journalists and Investigative Reporters and Editors.
More by Ken
In Kansas and Missouri, critics say the "energy choice" legislation is in direct conflict with cities' commitments to transition from fossil fuels.
A proposal by the state's Public Utilities Regulatory Authority is designed to drive the deployment of 580 megawatts of energy storage capacity by 2030.
A group of clean energy, business, and public health advocates are pressing the state to adopt California's rules to cut auto emissions and boost electric vehicle sales.