text:
26 Best Places to Go Snowmobiling in Wisconsin [Video]
Written by ppguide in Snowmobile,Trails
Wisconsin offers some of the coldest weather in the U.S., making it one of the best places to ride a snowmobile. With trails that are maintained well, you can take in the scenery the state has to offer without worrying something will happen along the way. Go as fast or slow as you want, taking in the sights of these trails all winter long.
The state offers a plethora of snowmobile trails to check out, but there are 26 best trails to go on. These trails often intersect with each other and are well-cared for by volunteers and local clubs. Which trails should you consider for your next Wisconsin snowmobile riding adventure?
Let's see the most popular snowmobile trails in Wisconsin!
1 Where Can You Snowmobile in Wisconsin?
2 26 Best Snowmobile Trails in Wisconsin
2.1 1. Ahnapee State Trails
2.2 2. Barron Snowmobile Trails
2.3 3. Bayfield/Hayward Snowmobile Trails
2.4 4. Blue Ox Trail
2.5 5. Boulder Junction Snowmobile Trails
2.6 6. Burnett Snowmobile Trails
2.7 7. Door County Snowmobile Trails
2.8 8. Douglas Snowmobile Trails
2.9 9. Eagle River Snowmobile Trails
2.10 10. Governor Knowles State Forest
2.11 11. Hodag Sno-Trails
2.12 12. Hurley Snowmobile Trails
2.13 13. Marathon County Snowmobile Trails
2.14 14. Minocqua Snowmobile Trails
2.15 15. Mountain-Bay State Trail
2.16 16. Nicolet State Trail
2.17 17. Racine County
2.18 18. Rock County
2.19 19. St. Germain Snowmobile Trails
2.20 20. Three Lakes Snowmobile Trails
2.21 21. Tomahawk Snowmobile Trails
2.22 22. Townsend/Lakewood Area
2.23 23. Vernon County Snowmobile Trails
2.24 24. Vilas County Snowmobile Trails
2.25 25. Walworth Snowmobile Trails
2.26 26. Wild Rivers State Trails
Where Can You Snowmobile in Wisconsin?
Without further ado, here is our list of the best 26 snowmobile trails in Wisconsin:
Ahnapee State Trails
Barron Snowmobile Trails
Bayfield/Hayward Snowmobile Trails
Blue Ox Trail
Boulder Junction Snowmobile Trails
Burnett Snowmobile Trails
Door County Snowmobile Trails
Douglas Snowmobile Trails
Eagle River Snowmobile Trails
Governor Knowles State Forest
Hodag Sno-Trails
Hurley Snowmobile Trails
Marathon County Snowmobile Trails
Minocqua Snowmobile Trails
Mountain-Bay State Trail
Nicolet State Trail
Racine County
St. Germain Snowmobile Trails
Three Lakes Snowmobile Trails
Tomahawk Snowmobile Trails
Townsend/Lakewood Area
Vernon County Snowmobile Trails
Vilas County Snowmobile Trails
Walworth Snowmobile Trails
Wild Rivers State Trails
Let's take a closer look at each of them!
26 Best Snowmobile Trails in Wisconsin
1. Ahnapee State Trails
In northwest Wisconsin is the 45-mile path known as the Ahnapee State Trails. It's located between Kewaunee and Sturgeon Bay and includes many bodies of water adjacent to the Door Peninsula. Here, you will find the Ice Age Trail, a 1,200mile-long hiking route that includes the National Scenic Trail.
2. Barron Snowmobile Trails
The Barron Snowmobile Trails are well-maintained thanks to the Barron Area Nordic Trail Association members. The trails nestled among the maple and oak tree forests are called Rockman's Woods. They include the Wild Rivers Trail, Cattail Trail, and Tuscobia Trail – all of them connecting to nearby counties.
3. Bayfield/Hayward Snowmobile Trails
Snowmobilers that come to the Bayfield area can get a lot of enjoyment out of this winter wonderland. Southern Bayfield County has hundreds of miles of wilderness trails that offer tours that showcase the area's natural splendor. As such, many people tend to come back every year, unable to get enough of the scene. Here, you can enjoy the forests, hills, lakes, and pine stands that comprise the trail system.
4. Blue Ox Trail
There are 200 miles' worth of unspoiled rivers and rolling hills along with the Blue Ox Trail system, which includes Florence County. The Blue Ox Trail Riders comprise of various clubs coming together, taking care of and maintaining the trails. Half of the trails go through private property, which means there are strict laws about the snowmobile trails.
5. Boulder Junction Snowmobile Trails
130 miles into the Lake Superior Snowbelt is the Boulder Junction Snowmobile Trails. Snowmobilers can take in the sights the Manitowish Rivers have to offer while enjoying the foods and drinks of various cafés and restaurants after their ride.
6. Burnett Snowmobile Trails
There are more than 300 miles of snowmobile trails that the state takes care of, bringing Burnett together various Minnesota counties. Six snowmobile clubs have come together to ensure the trail system is cared for, using the money from the membership dues and money raised through their fundraising events.
7. Door County Snowmobile Trails
Wisconsin has many stunning areas, and Door County is no exception. And, when the snow begins to fall, the best way to experience the county that the public generally doesn't get to see is by snowmobiling it. Most of the trails go through private land and are open only during the winter season. Over 250 miles of snowmobile trails give riders views of the woods, lakes, farmland, and countryside. Two favorite spots for snowmobilers are Peninsula State Park and Potawatomi State Park.
8. Douglas Snowmobile Trails
This 300-mile trail system offers breathtaking scenery you are sure to fall in love with. One of the trails is Trail 27, which envelopes many lakes and Solon Springs. The rest of it is an open area that goes in and out of forests and gives you picturesque views of St. Croix Lake.
9. Eagle River Snowmobile Trails
This area is regarded as Wisconsin's big Kahuna of snowmobile trail systems. There are more than 500 miles' worth winding through the gorgeous landscape of lakes and the Nicolet National Forest. Avid snowmobilers love the area, calling it the Snowmobile Capital of the World. It's also the home of many well-known snowmobile races and the World Snowmobile Headquarters museum.
10. Governor Knowles State Forest
There are just 16 miles of this state forest situated in Burnett County's southwest region. The trail links northwest Polk County to the Grantsburg village. Although it's state-funded, the trails are taken care of by both the Sno-Neighbors Snowmobile Club and Phantom Trail Riders.
11. Hodag Sno-Trails
There are 140 miles of trail that brings the best north Wisconsin snowmobile areas together. If you want an extended tour of Northwoods' snowmobile country, this is the trail to check out. The trail is a connection to the best spots such as Eagle River, Hurley, Minocqua, and St. Germain trails.
12. Hurley Snowmobile Trails
One snowfall season can bring more than 200 inches of snow in Hurley. As such, the more than 500 miles of snowmobile trails expand from Iron County to other nearby counties' trails that also include Michigan's Upper Peninsula. You can also enjoy the rivers and waterfalls as well as the forests and meadowlands that make up the scenery.
13. Marathon County Snowmobile Trails
Wisconsin's largest county is Marathon County, and it's home to nearly 30 snowmobile clubs and has more than 790 miles of splendorous central Wisconsin trails. Many of the trails pass through private property, so it's imperative for snowmobilers to ride responsibly through their land and respect the clubs' work in maintaining the trails.
14. Minocqua Snowmobile Trails
This is Minocqua's most extensive snowmobile trail system, which means you are sure to find something new along with it. The more than 1,700 trail miles are taken care of by volunteers and snowmobile clubs. Here, you can see thousands of lakes and public forests that are sure to be worth remembering. Snowmobilers love the Bearskin State Trail (also along the way) because it's a connection to a vast number of trails (whatever direction the adventure will take you). You are sure to have fun throughout the time you are here.
15. Mountain-Bay State Trail
This trail is roughly 80 miles long, going through Brown, Marathon, and Shawano Counties, and is primarily a wooded trek. Despite the length, there are a plethora of parking and restroom amenities.
16. Nicolet State Trail
90 miles; that's how long the Nicolet State Trail spans three counties and goes into various small communities. It also reaches the Nicolet National Forest of northeast Wisconsin. The trail used to be a railroad route the timber industry used during the latter half of the 1800s. Nearby sits the 107-mile State Line Trail of Michigan.
17. Racine County
This is a county well-known for its supper clubs, but it's best known for the snowmobiles that ride along the 188 miles of well-maintained trails during the winter. The Racine snowmobile trails are located two hours from Chicago and just 40 minutes from Milwaukee. The trails are flat and smooth, allowing any level snowmobiler to feel the snow at whatever speed they feel comfortable.
18. Rock County
There are a multitude of snowmobiling groups in the Rock County area, including but not limited to: Janesville Snow Chiefs, Marshall Sno-Drifters Snowmobile Club, Orfordville Country Riders Snowmobile Club, and Rock County Snowblowers. Each one takes time out to ensure the trail is safe and teaches riders how to ride safely. A great place to turn for more information is the Rock County Snowmobile Alliance. Here, you can learn about the various local trails and get in touch with others to find the best trails.
19. St. Germain Snowmobile Trails
The snowmobile trails that make up the St. Germain trails are a favorite for both locals and visitors. It's located in a relatively remote area of northern Wisconsin, including the Bo-Boen Snowmobile trails that Bo-Boen Club regularly maintains. This club is regarded as the largest snowmobile club, with volunteers offering on-trail help for those who need it.
20. Three Lakes Snowmobile Trails
Three Lakes is a small quiet town known for its stunning lakes and old-school charm. It also has more than 80 miles of trails the state funds and maintains, allowing snowmobilers to enjoy the various routes from Nicolet National Forest to the 28 interconnected lakes that run to Eagle River.
21. Tomahawk Snowmobile Trails
This area includes 400 miles of trails that three snowmobile clubs take care of. 120 miles of the 400 miles is the Knight Owl snowmobile trail that connects north Lincoln County to south Lincoln County. The trail also includes pit stops and hotels for those who want to really be a part of the culture. You can learn more about this trail by visiting the Chamber and reading the online trail report.
22. Townsend/Lakewood Area
The trails of this region have been maintained and marked, which is why people tend to come here. The best area to snowmobile near Fox Valley is Oconto County. It's connected via a snowmobile highway that extends north from Gillett to Carter.
23. Vernon County Snowmobile Trails
This county is unique in its offerings, with its mountainous terrain, assorted forestry, constricted elevations, and picturesque views. It's home to the well-known counties of Juneau and Sauk, which offer some of the best snowmobile trails. Each trail, which spans nearly 250 miles, gets great attention from the seven highly-respectable snowmobile clubs. The clubs are in touch with landowners since the trail systems tend to run through private property.
24. Vilas County Snowmobile Trails
There are 100 miles within the Vilas County Bo-Boen snowmobile trail system, including the Eagle River snowmobile trail. This area is extremely popular with the tourists because of the plethora of snow it gets and the hospitality of the locals. It's also the home of the state's second-longest snowmobile trail. There are more than 1,000 club members who take care of the trail at any given time. Couples looking for a getaway can rent themselves a cabin with a hot tub. Heated garages are offered to receive maintenance on the bikes.
25. Walworth Snowmobile Trails
These trails span nearly 400 miles in southwest Wisconsin, providing ample exploration possibilities. There are plenty of open spaces with windy forests and cattail-surrounded marshes. About four miles from the center is Lake Geneva, a great place to get some food and rest for the night (many beds and breakfasts to try). Although much of the trail is owned by private landowners, people are permitted to use them.
26. Wild Rivers State Trails
The 104 miles that comprise the Wild Rivers State Trail run through three counties – Barron, Douglas, and Washburn. It's adjacent to the old railroad route between Rice Lake and Superior. In Barron and Washburn counties, the surface is gravel, while Douglas County is made up of rough ballast. With these surfaces, the trails are great for snowmobiles, cross-country skiing, and snowshoeing in the winter, and mountain biking, hiking, and horseback riding during other seasons.
Wisconsin is a great place to go snowmobiling. Where are the best places to snowmobile in Wisconsin? Our list of snowmobile trails in Wisconsin can help you find the best trails which meet your needs. So let's go and visit one of the best places to ride a snowmobile in Wisconsin!
https://www.travelawaits.com/2560315/best-wisconsin-snowmobile-trails/
https://www.traillink.com/
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Related Posts of "48 Remington 700 308 Magazine"


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Q: What's the Haskell way of using the same name for two different value constructors? Let's say I want to model to-dos agreed upon between a manager and an employee in a one-on-one. A to-do might have to be realized by either the manager or the employee. Let's say I want to process some data about an employee, so I model the employee like this:
data Employee = Employee
  { id :: Int
  , name :: String
  }

Let's further say I'd model my to-dos like this:
data Todo = Todo
  { id :: Int
  , text :: String
  , realizedBy :: RealizedBy
  }

I'd find it most elegant to model the RealizedBy-type like this:
data RealizedBy = Manager | Employee

Of course, this is will not compile, as there are Multiple declarations of `Employee'.
A solution I came up with would be to not define a RealizedBy-type, but to model it like this:
data TodoContent = TodoContent
  { id :: Int
  , text :: String
  }

data Todo = ManagerTodo TodoContent | EmployeeTodo TodoContent

To me, this seems a bit over-engineered. To me, having to repeat TodoContent is not that elegant. Also, I can't think of better names than Employee for either the type or the parameterless constructor (or whatever that's called) that would model the data as well. I can't shake the feeling that I might be missing something obvious that would solve this more elegantly. Am I, or is this really the way it's meant to be modeled in Haskell?

A: Haskell has just one mechanism for namespacing of data declarations, its module system. You can use it here.
module Classifications where

data RealizedBy = Manager | Employee

module Entities where

import qualified Classifications as C

data Employee = Employee Int String
data Todo = Todo Int String C.RealizedBy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
\section{Introduction}

The ``Game about Squares''  \cite{gas} is an addictive game where unit squares
have to be moved on an integer lattice onto dots of the same color. It has been released by Andrey
 Shevchuk in July 2014.
In the meantime several clones of the game are available for different platforms.

The basic rules of the game are the following:

Let $\mathcal{D}=\{(-1,0),(1,0),(0,-1),(0,1)\}$ (left, right, down and up, respectively) be a set of directions.
The game is played on an infinite integer lattice $\mathbb{Z}^2$.
An instance $(S,p(S),f(S),d(S),A,p(A),d(A))$ of the game consists of
\begin{itemize}
\item A finite set of squares $S$ with different initial positions $p:S\rightarrow \mathbb{Z}^2$ on
 the lattice. In the game the squares are represented by unit squares of different colors.
\item A final position $f:S\rightarrow \mathbb{Z}^2$ for every square, marked by a
dot of the color of the corresponding square. No two squares have the same final position.
\item An initial direction $d:S\rightarrow \mathcal{D}$ for every square.
\item A finite set of arrows $A$ with distinct positions $p:A\rightarrow \mathbb{Z}^2$ and
 directions $d:A\rightarrow \mathcal{D}$.
\end{itemize}

The game is played in rounds.
In every round the player chooses a square $s\in S$ that is pushed. Let $d$ be the direction $d(s)$ of
the square. The square moves one position into direction $d$, that is, its new position is
$p(s)_{\text{new}}:= p(s)+d$.
If there is already another square $s_2$ at the new position, $s_2$ also moves into direction $d$,
independent of its own direction. If $s_2$ lands on the position of a third square $s_3$, $s_3$ also
moves into direction $d$ and so on. If a square $s$ lands on a position with an arrow
(that is, there exists an $a\in A$ with $p(s)_{\text{new}}=p(a)$), the square adopts the direction
of the arrow, that is, $d_{\text{new}}(s):= d(a)$.

The player wins the game if after a finite number of moves each square $s\in S$ is on its final
position $f(s)$.
A \emph{winning sequence} is a sequence $(s_1,\ldots, s_k)$, $s_i\in S$, such that if in each round
$i\in\{1,\ldots,k\}$ the player pushes the square $s_i$,  the game is won in round $k$.

The original game \cite{gas} consists of 35 levels with increasing difficulty.
Between Level 22 and Level 23 the author of the game, Andrey Shevchuk, asks ``Do you think
this game is hard?''.  We interpret this question in a mathematical way (even if this has not been the
 intention of Shevchuk).
We prove by a reduction from {\sc Satisfiability}, that the game is NP-hard.
Nevertheless, it remains an open question, if this game is in NP or if it is even PSPACE-hard.

\section{Reduction from SATISFIABILITY}

We prove that the game is NP-hard by a reduction from {\sc SATISFIABILITY},
which has been proven
 to be NP-hard by Cook \cite{Cook}. More precisely we prove, that it is NP-hard to decide if a given
 instance of the ``Game about Squares'' (in short GaS) can be won, that is, there is a finite number of
 moves such that all squares reach their final position.

Let $(X,\mathcal{C})$ be a {\sc Satisfiability} instance where $X=\{x_1,\ldots, x_n\}$ is a set of variables and $\mathcal{C}=\{C_1,\ldots, C_m\}$ is a set of clauses over $X$.
We construct an instance for the GaS that can be won if and only if there is a truth assignment
$\pi:X\rightarrow\{\mathtt{true},\mathtt{false}\}$ satisfying all clauses.

\begin{figure}[ht]
\begin{center}
 \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.8]
   \draw[draw=white,fill=lightgrayX] (1,-4) rectangle (2,2);
   \draw[draw=white,fill=lightgrayX] (3,-4) rectangle (4,1);

   \draw[dotted] (0.5,-4.5) grid (5.5,2.5);

   \Block{2}{0};

   \node at (1.5,2.2) {$x_i$};
   \node at (3.5,2.2) {$\overline{x_i}$};

   \SquareC{4}{1}{$p$}{colorA};
   \SquareLeft{4}{1};
   \FinalC{2}{1}{$p$}{colorA};

   \SquareC{3}{1}{\textcolor{white}{$\mathbf{x}$}}{colorB};
   \SquareDown{3}{1};
   \FinalC{1}{-4}{\textcolor{white}{$\mathbf{x}$}}{colorB};

   \Left{3}{-4};

  \end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
 \caption{Variable gadget for a variable $x_i$.
 A black triangle shows the position of an arrow and its direction. White triangles
 show the initial direction of a square.
   If the left column is
used by the square labeled with $x$ then $x_i=\mathtt{true}$. Otherwise we have $x_i=\mathtt{false}$.}
  \label{fig:variable}
\end{figure}

In our GaS instance squares can only be moved to the left and down. To this end, the
initial direction of each square and the direction of each arrow is either left or down.
With this restriction we observe, that a square can never be above or left of its initial position. If a
square if below or right of its final position, the game cannot be won.
For a given square $s$ we call a position infeasible, if it it left or below of the final
position of $s$ or if it is above or right of the initial position of $s$. Otherwise, we call the position
feasible for $s$.

Moreover, we use in our instance so called blockers, that are squares that are initially at their
final position.  Moving them from that position, they can never be moved back to their final position.
Thus in order to win the game, blockers are not allowed to be moved.

For every variable we insert a variable gadget as shown in Figure \ref{fig:variable}.
It consists of a variable square (labeled $x$), a decision square (labeled $p$), a blocker and two
columns. The decision square can push the variable square from the
right to the left column, where the blocker ensures that these are the only two columns
that can be used.  Depending on which column the variable square moves
to its final position, the variable is set to $\mathtt{true}$ or to $\mathtt{false}$.
 Accordingly we associate the  literal $x_i$ with the left and $\overline{x_i}$ with right column.

\begin{figure}[ht]
 \begin{center}
 \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.8]
   \draw[fill=lightgrayX,draw=white] (3,4) rectangle (10,5);
   \draw[fill=lightgrayX,draw=white] (2,6) rectangle (10,7);

   \draw[dotted] (1.5,2.5) grid (10.5,7.5);

   \SquareC{9}{6}{$C_j$}{colorC};
   \SquareLeft{9}{6};
   \FinalC{2}{4}{\tiny $C_j$}{colorC};

   \FinalC{3}{3}{\tiny $D_j$}{colorD};
   \SquareC{4}{4}{$D_j$}{colorD};
   \SquareDown{4}{4};

   \Down{2}{6};

 \end{tikzpicture}
 \end{center}
 \caption{Clause gadget for a clause $C_j$. The two rows are colored in gray.
 The clause squares has to go to its final position on the
 left.
 The square $D$ can only reach its final destination if the clause square
 uses the row at the bottom, that is, the clause is satisfied.
 }
 \label{fig:clause}
\end{figure}

For every clause $C_j$ we insert a clause gadget as shown in Figure \ref{fig:clause}.
It consists of two rows, a clause square $C_j$ and a square $D_j$ indicating if
the clause is satisfied or not.
Only if the clause square moves on the lower row the indication square $D_j$ can
reach its final position.

We build a lattice containing these gadgets such that each pair of variable columns
intersects with each pair of clause rows:
 For $i\in\{1,\ldots,n\}$ we place the variable gadget for $x_i$
in such a way that the variable square is at $(4(i+1),4(m+1))$ and its final position is at
 $(4(i+1)-2,1)$.
 For $j\in\{1,\ldots,m\}$ we place the clause gadget for $C_j$ such that the clause square
 is at  $(4(n+1),4(m-j)+6)$ and its final position is at $(1,4(m-j)+4)$.
 See Figure \ref{fig:all} for an example.
All gadgets are placed into a lattice of size $4(n+1)\times 4(m+1)$.
Note that each lattice point is feasible for one variable and one clause square.
It remains to specify the crossings of clause rows and variable columns.

\begin{figure}[ht]
\begin{center}
 \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.8]
   \draw[fill=lightgrayX,draw=white] (1,-0.5) rectangle (2,5.5);
   \draw[fill=lightgrayX,draw=white] (3,-0.5) rectangle (4,5.5);
   \draw[fill=lightgray,draw=white] (-0.5,1) rectangle (5.5,2);
   \draw[fill=lightgray,draw=white] (-0.5,3) rectangle (5.5,4);

   \draw[dotted] (-0.5,-0.5) grid (5.5,5.5);

   \node at (1.5,5.2) {$x_i$};
   \node at (3.5,5.2) {$\overline{x_i}$};

   \node at (6.5,3.5) {$C_j$ not sat.};
   \node at (6.5,1.5) {$C_j$ sat.};

   \Left{0}{1};
   \Left{0}{3};
   \Left{2}{1};
   \Left{2}{3};
   \Down{1}{0};
   \Down{1}{2};
   \Down{3}{0};
   \Down{3}{2};
 \end{tikzpicture}
 \end{center}
 \caption{A crossing between a variable $x_i$ and a clause $C_j$ that
 neither contains $x_i$ nor $\overline{x_i}$.}
 \label{crossing}
\end{figure}

Figure \ref{crossing} shows a crossing between the columns of a variable $x_i$ and a clause
$C_j$ that neither contains $x_i$ nor $\overline{x_i}$.
 Note that if a variable square pushed a clause tile ore vice versa, the pushed
square changes its orientation and cannot reach its final position.

\begin{figure}[ht]
\begin{center}
 \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.8]
   \draw[fill=lightgrayX,draw=white] (1,-0.5) rectangle (2,5.5);
   \draw[fill=lightgrayX,draw=white] (3,-0.5) rectangle (4,5.5);
   \draw[fill=lightgray,draw=white] (-0.5,1) rectangle (5.5,2);
   \draw[fill=lightgray,draw=white] (-0.5,3) rectangle (5.5,4);

   \draw[dotted] (-0.5,-0.5) grid (5.5,5.5);

   \node at (1.5,5.2) {$x_i$};
   \node at (3.5,5.2) {$\overline{x_i}$};

   \Block{2}{2};

   \Left{0}{1};
   \Left{0}{3};
   \Left{2}{1};
   \Left{2}{3};
   \Down{1}{0};
   \Down{1}{2};
   \Down{3}{0};

   \begin{scope}[xshift=8.5cm, yshift=0cm]
     \draw[fill=lightgrayX,draw=white] (1,-0.5) rectangle (2,5.5);
     \draw[fill=lightgrayX,draw=white] (3,-0.5) rectangle (4,5.5);
     \draw[fill=lightgray,draw=white] (-0.5,1) rectangle (5.5,2);
     \draw[fill=lightgray,draw=white] (-0.5,3) rectangle (5.5,4);

     \node at (1.5,5.2) {$x_i$};
     \node at (3.5,5.2) {$\overline{x_i}$};

     \draw[dotted] (-0.5,-0.5) grid (5.5,5.5);
     \Block{0}{2};

     \Left{0}{1};
     \Left{0}{3};
     \Left{2}{1};
     \Left{2}{3};
     \Down{1}{0};
     \Down{3}{0};
     \Down{3}{2};

   \end{scope}

      \node at (6.75,3.5) {$C_j$ not sat.};
   \node at (6.75,1.5) {$C_j$ sat.};

 \end{tikzpicture}
 \end{center}
 \caption{A crossing between a clause $C_j$ that contains $\overline{x_i}$ (left) or
 $x_i$ (right), respectively.}
 \label{fig:cross2}
\end{figure}

Finally, Figure \ref{fig:cross2} shows the crossing of a variable $x_i$ and a clause $C_j$ that
contains $x_i$ (on the left) and clause $C_j$ that contains $\overline{x_i}$ (on the right),
respectively. Note that in these cases, the clause square can be pushed to the lower row
by the variable square without changing its direction if and only if the corresponding
literal is satisfied, that is,
the variable square uses the column of the corresponding literal. Once again, the blockers
ensure that the clause squares can leave the crossing only on one of the two clause rows.

We can assume w.l.o.g. that no clause contains both $x_i$ and $\overline{x_i}$ as such clauses are always satisfied.

\begin{figure}[ht]
  \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.6]

    \foreach \i/\p in {0/4,4/3,8/2,12/1} {
     \draw[fill=lightgray,color=lightgray] (0,5+\i) rectangle (19,6+\i);
     \draw[fill=lightgray,color=lightgray] (1,3+\i) rectangle (19,4+\i);
     \Down{0}{5+\i};
     \SquareC{2}{3+\i}{\tiny $D_\p$}{colorD};
     \SquareDown{2}{3+\i};
     \FinalC{1}{2+\i}{\tiny $D_\p$}{colorD};

     \SquareC{19}{5+\i}{\tiny $C_\p$}{colorC};
     \FinalC{0}{3+\i}{\tiny $C_\p$}{colorC};
     \SquareLeft{19}{5+\i};
    }

    \foreach \i/\p in {0/1,4/2,8/3,12/4} {
      \draw[fill=lightgray,color=lightgrayX] (4+\i,0) rectangle (5+\i,20);
      \draw[fill=lightgray,color=lightgrayX] (6+\i,0) rectangle (7+\i,19);

      \FinalC{4+\i}{0}{\tiny \textcolor{white}{$\mathbf{x_\p}$}}{colorB};
      \Left{6+\i}{0};

      \SquareC{6+\i}{19}{\textcolor{white}{$\mathbf{x_\p}$}}{colorB};
      \SquareDown{6+\i}{19};

      \FinalC{5+\i}{19}{\tiny $p_\p$}{colorA};
      \SquareC{7+\i}{19}{$p_\p$}{colorA};
      \SquareLeft{7+\i}{19};
      \Block{5+\i}{18};
    }

     \foreach \x in {0,4,8,12,16} {
       \draw (3,2+\x) -- (19,2+\x);
       \draw (3+\x,2) -- (3+\x,18);
     }

    \foreach \x/\y in {0/0,4/8, 8/4, 8/12, 12/12} {
        \Left{\x+3}{\y+5};
        \Left{\x+3}{\y+3};
        \Left{\x+5}{\y+5};
        \Left{\x+5}{\y+3};

        \Down{\x+4}{\y+4};
        \Down{\x+4}{\y+2};
        \Down{\x+6}{\y+4};
        \Down{\x+6}{\y+2};
    }

    \foreach \x/\y in {0/12,4/12, 0/8, 12/8, 4/0, 12/0 } {
        \Left{\x+3}{\y+5};
        \Left{\x+3}{\y+3};
        \Left{\x+5}{\y+5};
        \Left{\x+5}{\y+3};

        \Down{\x+4}{\y+2};
        \Down{\x+6}{\y+4};
        \Down{\x+6}{\y+2};
        \Block{\x+3}{\y+4};
    }

    \foreach \x/\y in {8/8, 0/4, 4/4, 12/4, 8/0} {
        \Left{\x+3}{\y+5};
        \Left{\x+3}{\y+3};
        \Left{\x+5}{\y+5};
        \Left{\x+5}{\y+3};

        \Down{\x+4}{\y+4};
        \Down{\x+4}{\y+2};
        \Down{\x+6}{\y+2};
        \Block{\x+5}{\y+4};
    }

    \end{tikzpicture}
    \label{fig:all}
  \caption{GaS instance for the Satisfiability instance
  $(x_1\vee x_2)\wedge(x_1\vee\overline{x_3}\vee x_4)\wedge(\overline{x_1}\vee\overline{x_2}\vee\overline{x_4})\wedge(x_2\vee\overline{x_3}\vee x_4)$.}
\end{figure}

\begin{lemma}\label{lemma1}
  GaS is NP-hard.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
 For a given {\sc SATISFIABILITY} instance $S$ with $n$ variables and $m$ clauses
  we construct a GaS instance as shown above.
 Obviously, this is a polynomial transformation: the GaS instance is placed on a grid of total size $O(nm)$ and contains $O(n+m)$ squares and $O(nm)$  arrows.

 We have seen that each variable square has to use either its left or right column
 in order to win the game. Once such a square has left the uppermost row it cannot be moved
 to the left until it has reached the lowermost row. Otherwise, the square would change its direction
 and cannot reach its final position.

 Assume that there exists a truth assignment $\pi$ satisfying $S$. Using the decision squares we push
  each variable square $x$ to the columns corresponding to $\pi(x)$.
 As the truth assignment is satisfied, for each clause $C$ there exists a literal $l\in C$ that is
 set to $\mathtt{true}$ by $\pi$. Now we push the clause square $C$ to the left
 until we reach the column assigned to $l$. Moving the variable squares down they can be used to
 push the clause square into their lower rows. Now they can be used to push the squares $D$ by one
 position to the left so that they can reach their final destination. Finally, all remaining squares can
 reach their final position without problems and the game is won.

 Now assume, that we have an instance of the game that can be won. We define a truth assignment
 $\pi$ by setting $\pi(x_i)=\mathtt{true}$ if the variable square $x_i$ uses its left column when
  moving down and $\pi(x_i)=\mathtt{false}$ otherwise.
  Now consider the sequence $Q$ of pushes that is used to win the game.
  As for all $i\in\{1,\ldots, m\}$ the square $D_i$ reaches its final position, it must be pushed
  by the square $C_i$ by one to the left in one of the rounds. But then $C_i$ has been pushed
  to its lower row, which can only be done by a variable square $x_i$ such that the corresponding
  literal $x_i$ or $\overline{x_i}$ is in $C_i$ and is satisfied by $\pi$. Thus each clause is satisfied by $\pi$.
\end{proof}

\begin{note}
  First note that each instance of the game can be restricted to a grid of size
 $O(|S|(|S|+|A|)\times O(|S|(|S|+|A|)$. If there are more than $|S|$ succeeding rows or columns
 that neither contain squares, final positions nor arrows, we can delete all but $|S|$ of them.
 Thus the size of the grid is polynomially bounded in the size of the input.
 For the problem to be in NP, we have to show that for every instance that can be won there exists
  a certificate verifiable in polynomial time. Such a certificate could be a winning sequence.
   Unfortunately, it is not known if there always exists a winning sequence of polynominal size.

 Nevertheless, the restricted version of the ``Game about Squares'' with instances,
 where only one horizontal and one vertical  direction are allowed, is in NP: Every square can be
 pushed  at most $O(|S|(|S|+|A|))$ times and thus the game ends after a polynomial number of
 rounds.
 By the proof of Lemma \ref{lemma1}, this restricted version is NP-hard.
\end{note}

\section*{Acknowledgment}

The author likes to thank Andrey Shevchuk for this addictive game and Jan
Schneider
for valuable discussions.

\nocite{*}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Die Ruder-Weltmeisterschaften 1981 wurden auf der Regattastrecke Oberschleißheim in München, Deutschland unter dem Regelwerk des Weltruderverbandes (FISA) ausgetragen. In 18 Bootsklassen wurden dabei Ruder-Weltmeister ermittelt. Die Finals fanden am 5. und 6. September 1981 statt.

Der Deutsche Peter-Michael Kolbe sorgte im Männer-Einer für Aufsehen, indem er ein Boot mit Rollauslegern einsetzte und souverän Weltmeister werden konnte. Bereits bei den Ruder-Weltmeisterschaften 1982 waren Rollausleger-Einer weit verbreitet, da sie biomechanische Vorteile boten. Der Weltruderverband verbot das Rollausleger-Konzept nach der Saison 1983 aus Gründen der Chancengleichheit.

Ergebnisse

Hier sind die Medaillengewinner aus den A-Finals aufgelistet. Diese waren mit sechs Booten besetzt, die sich über Vor- und Hoffnungsläufe sowie Halbfinals für das Finale qualifizieren mussten. Die Streckenlänge betrug in allen Läufen der Männer 2000 Meter, in allen Läufen der Frauen 1000 Meter.

Männer

Frauen

Medaillenspiegel

Einzelnachweise

1981
Sportveranstaltung 1981
Weltmeisterschaften 1981
Regattastrecke Oberschleißheim
Weltmeisterschaften 1981

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Skyler Fulton is a Comedy filmmaker and writer. He earned his degree in Screen Arts and Cultures from the University of Michigan. Since then, he has been in New York City filming people doing weird things because the internet.


Marques Houston is planning to do it big in 2013. Besides preparing his sixth solo album, Famous, the singer, songwriter, and actor will also embark on a thirteen-city tour this summer with his all-female backing band and star in a new role on the UP TV movie, "The Love Letter" (August 2013).
The forthcoming album is led by the single "Give Your Love A Try," featuring L.A. rapper Problem. The album, dropping on Silent Partner Entertainment/Shanachie Entertainment, will continue to showcase the former Immature crooner's artistry "with a sensual, evocative Marvin Gaye meets D'Angelo feel."
Marques upcoming thirteen-city tour will coincide with the album's release, and will see him rocking clubs around the country with "UnPlugged"-style jam sessions.


text:
Abigial
Southern Estates was started in 1982 and was known as Southern Lifestyle. In September of 2003, Southern Lifestyle became Southern Estates. In the first month of that change, 6 single-section units and 46 multi-section units were built.
In October of 2006, Clayton Homes acquired SE Homes, which included Estates. This gave Clayton Homes a great range of product in a strategic distribution location, while it provided Estates with the sturdy structure and availability of resources from a large corporation.
Since then, Estates has found a niche market and has built and distributed an average of 1,162 floors per year.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Outdoor Benches – Recycled Plastic Furniture Maintenance free outdoor living with furniture made from recycled material!
The buddy bench is a simple idea to eliminate loneliness and foster friendship on the playground. Let's spread the message of inclusion and kindness!
Personalize your bench with an engraved message to remember a loved one, commemorate an event, or add a logo to advertise your company.
This flat bench is ideal for a variety of settings from a sophisticated mall to a quiet garden.
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Our maintenance-free outdoor furniture line includes a wide selection of benches with various designs for beauty and comfort. PlasTEAK benches are made of heavy-duty, commercial grade, maintenance-free recycled material and we offer Memorial Benches that can be engraved or personalized; "In Memory of," "Donated By," "Property of," or create your own message.


text:
Un village est une subdivision d'une des  de Mayotte. Au nombre de 72, les villages correspondent aux grands quartiers utilisés par l'INSEE, notamment lors des recensements de population.

Les municipalités de certaines communes y ont créé des mairies annexes accueillant des services déconcentrés, notamment d'état civil ; c'est notamment le cas des villages de Poroani (Chirongui), Combani (Tsingoni), Mangajou (Sada), Mtsahara (Mtsamboro) et Barakani (Ouangani).

Liste

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi
 Liste des communes de Mayotte

Géographie de Mayotte
Liste en rapport avec Mayotte
Type de quartiers en France


text:
Španjolsko osvajanje Iberskog dijela Navare je započeo Ferdinand II. Aragonski (Ferdinand Katolički),  a završio Karlo I. od Španjolske u nizu vojnih pohoda su razdoblju 1512. – 1524., dok je rat u Donjoj Navari trajao sve do 1528.

Ferdinand Katolički je 1512. bio i kralj Aragona i regent Kastilje. Kada je papa Julije II. proglasio Svetu ligu protiv Francuske krajem 1511., Navara je pokušala ostati neutralna. Ferdinand je to iskoristio kao izgovor za napad na Navaru, osvajivši je dok je njezin potencijalni zaštitnik Francuska bila opsjedana od strane Engleske, Venecije i Ferdinandovih talijanskih vojski.

Bilo je nekoliko pokušaja za oslobađanjem iberijske Navare od kastilske vlasti nakon invazije (1512.),  osobito neodlučni pokušaj rekonkviste godine 1516. i punopravni francusko–navareški pohod godine 1521. Svi su bili poraženi od Španjolaca, a sukobi su zaustavljeni na sjeveru Pirineja godine 1528., kada su se španjolski vojnici povukli iz onoga što je danas Donja Navara. Sporazumom iz Cambraia između Španjolske i Francuske 1529. Zapečaćena je podjela Navare duž Pireneja, dok je neovisna Kraljevina Navara preživjela u Donjoj Navari gdje su nastavili vladati nasljednici Albreta ujedinjeni sa svojom kneževinom Béarn, pokazujući bliske veze s Francuskom. Kraljevstvo se integriralo u Francusku godine 1620. (iako nominalno tek 1790. nakon francuske revolucije i ukidanja starih feudalnih entiteta).

Pozadina

Navara je zaglibila u nestabilnosti oko prijestolja od sredine 15. stoljeća. Istodobno Navara je bila podijeljena na dvije glavne i zaraćene strane: na Beaumonte i Agramonte, s posljedicama kako unutar tako i izvan Navare te je podlijegala vanjskim uplitanjima.

Kad se Katarina I. od Navare udala za Ivana III. Albreta, mnogi u Navari su osporavali ovaj aranžman. Počevši 1474. kralj-pratitelj Kastilje, Ferdinand II. od Aragona pokrenuo je kombinaciju saveza i vojnih pritisaka s ciljem zauzdavanja susjednih kraljevstava, de facto pretvarajući Navaru godine 1476. u protektorat Kastilje. Međutim, sljedeće desetljeće, aragonski kralj i kraljica Izabela I. od Kastilje usmjerili su svoju vojnu inicijativu na definitivno pokoravanje Granade nakon desetogodišnjeg rata (1492.), tako da je Kastilja pripojila emirat i privela kraju rekonkvistu. Nakon pada Granade, pritisak na Navaru se intenzivirao.

Nakon smrti Izabele I. od Kastilje godine 1504., Ferdinand II. od Aragona neočekivano se oženio francuskom princezom Germaine od Foixa, kćeri potražitelja na prijestolje Navare, Ivana Foixa, vikonta od Narbonne, tako da je bilo koje od djece iz Ferdinandova braka moglo zahtijevati krunu Navare. Od godine 1507., s Ferdinandom opet u ulozi regenta Kastilje, prkosni grof od Lerína Louis Beaumont, Ferdinandov ključni saveznik u Navari, pobunio se, zajedno s drugim velikašima iz stranke Beaumont, ali kraljevska vlast – Katarina i Ivan III. – upozorila je Ferdinanda da ovaj put zahtjevi od grofa od Lerina ne će biti prihvaćeni. Nakon godine primirja, godine 1508. kruna je pokrenula ofenzivu da uguši grofov ustanak. Lerín je bio okupiran, a grof teško poražen. :20 – 21

Navareške vlasti su se borile za postizanje diplomatske ravnotežu na dva fronta, ali su nepovoljni novi vjetrovi puhali i iz Francuske. Ferdinand i kralj Luj XII. su se slagali nakon Ferdinandove ženidbe s Germaine od Foix. Francuski kralj je vršio pritisak na Albretse da odustanu od svojih kneževina izvan Navare - Béarna, Bigorre, Foix, itd. - ali je naišao njihovo jako odbijanje. Godine 1507. Sabor Navare je imenovao diplomatsku radnu skupinu za Francusku na čelu s Juanom de Jaso - predsjednikom kraljevskog vijeća Navare i ocem sv. Franje Ksaverskog i biskupom od Lescara, ali su taj i drugi diplomatski pokušaji bili od slabe koristi. : 21 Luj XII. žudio je za teritorijima Albretsa i sazvao Sabor u Toulouseu, gdje su njegove ambicije uobličene u ukaz o zapljeni. Kada su Sabor Navare (tri države) i Béarna bili suočeni s mogućnošću francuskog osvajanja godine 1510., proglašena je vojna mobilizacija i izglasan je zakon o stvaranju Béarnsko-Navarske konfederacije osiguravajući trajnu zajedničku obranu odredba protiv bilo kakvih vanjskih napada. Ferdinand II. je čekao i gledao, zabilježio njihove strahove, i opet tražio saveznike za svoje planove u navareškoj stranci Beaumont stranci. : 21, 87

No, u ljeto 1510. međunarodnoj sceni izbio je oštar zaokret u talijanskim ratovima. Papa Julije II. bio je jedan od najambicioznijih papa tog doba. On je proglasio "Svetu ligu"  protiv Venecije godine 1508. i uspješno je porazio. Nekad saveznice Papinska država i Francuska ušle su međusobno u rat, a Julije II. proglasio novu "Svetu ligu" protiv Francuske 4. kolovoza 1511. nakon stavljanja na stranu kralja Ferdinanda u francusko-španjolskoj borbi za vlast u Italiji. Navara se odbila pridružiti i zadržavala je neutralnost u drhtavoj ravnoteži. Međutim,  Ferdinand II. je objavio rat Francuskoj u ožujku 1512. Samo mjesec dana kasnije, Gaston Foix je umro, pa je tako potpuni zahtjev za prekopirinejske teritorije Albretsa pao u ruke Ferdinandove supruge Germaine od Foixa.

Kralj Luj je tada počeo pokazivati pomirljivi ton s kraljicom Katarinom i kraljem Ivanom III., priznavajući odustajanje od svojih teritorijalnih zahtjeva. Katarina i Ivan III. nastavili su pregovore i s Ferdinandom, koji je ispreplitao prijedloge, pritiske i prijetnje sa stvarnom kretanju vojnika ispred vanjskih granica Navare. :. 23. veljače 1512. Ferdinand se udružio s Engleskom u pokretu koji je doveo do hitre vojne intervencije u francuskom kraljevskom teritoriju Guyenne, današnja regija Akvitanije, ali je jedva mogao prikriti svoje namjere da na neodređeno vrijeme zauzme nezgodno kraljevstvo za svoje ambicije.:. 18 Navareške vlasti su dogovarale obranu Navare, dok je Ferdinand osmišljavao plan napada na kraljevstvo, uključujući i propagandnu shemu u kojoj će Navara biti označena kao heretična zemlja papinskom bulom Julija II. : 23 U tu svrhu, kastiljanski diplomati su mjesecima pregovarali s Rimom.: 18

Kastilsko-arangonska invazija iz 1512.

Napad na Navaru

U lipnju 1512., nastala je napetost kad je Sveta Liga službeno zatražila slanje engleskih i kastiljanskih vojnika kroz Navaru u Francusku. Istodobno navareško diplomatsko izaslanstvo je poslano u Francusku održavši rundu pregovora s Lujom XII. koja je trajala mjesec dana, dok je Ferdinand prijetio da će prijeći granicu, ako se ne postigne sporazum. Razgovori su doveli do 4. Ugovora iz Bloisa 18. srpnja 1512., koji predviđa uzajamnu pomoć za održavanje neutralnosti Navare, a obraća i pozornost na predstojeću englesku prijetnju Francuskoj nakon iskrcavanja u Hondarribiji, Gipuskoa (na granici baskijskog teritorija podložnog feudalni Kruni Kastilje ) :. 23, 88-91 Sutradan je Ferdinand poslao svoje trupe preko granice Alave u Navaru, pod zapovjedništvom generala Don Fadriquea de Toleda, vojvode od Albe, koji je sudjelovao u osvajanju Granade (1492.) Međutim, do tog vremena gipuskoanske paravojske su provalile u Navaru sa sjeverozapada i zauzele Goizuetu, naselje i utvrdu na granici s Gipuskoom (10. srpnja 1512 ) :. 17

U nekoliko dana kastiljanski vojnici su napredovali bez otpora do periferija Pamplone, gdje je Ferdinandov saveznik grof Ivan Beaumont bio domaćin napadačkim vojnicima u svom utvrđenom dvorcu Arazuri. Jurišne trupe ekspedicije imale su 6.000 veterana, ali je cijela karavana uključujući zaštitnicu iznosila 15.000. Stanovništvo Pamplone nije prelazilo 10.000 stanovnika. Katarina i Ivan III. ostavio otišli su za Tudelu/Tuteru u potrazi za vojnicima među vjernim velikašima, ali su uspjeli dobiti samo 500  :. 18 Pod navalom daleko brojnije španjolske ekspedicije, lojalisti su skrenuli na istok do Lumbiera (Irunberri), i prema Donjoj Navari. Katarina, Ivan III. i njihovi vojnici povukli su se Orthez u Béarnu.

Obrambeni zidovi Pamplone bili su krhki, a opasnost od pljačke koju je proglasio vojvoda od Albe nadvila se nad gradom. S obzirom na povlačenje kraljevske obitelji u Lumbier, lokalne su se vlasti predale 25. srpnja 1512. Bez odgađanja, Kastilijanci su poslali glasnike po glavnim utvrdama diljem širom Navare sa zahtjevom da slijede taj primjer. Većina njih se predala, osim Amaiura (Baztan), Estelle-Lizarre, Tudele i St-Jean-Pied-de-Port. :21 - 22 Od vlasti u Pamploni se zahtijevala prisega na odanost Ferdinandu, ali su oni tvrdili da ne mogu mogli zato što su već prisegnuli na odanost kralju Ivanu III., svom prirodnom gospodaru koji je bio živ. Španjolski kralj je tvrdio da je on kralj Navare de jure propio(kasni kolovoz 1512.)

Tudela opet je bila pod opsadom i opirala se aragonskim pritiscima pod vodstvom Alfonsa od Aragona, nezakonitog sina Ferdinanda II.,  i nadbiskupa od Zaragoze, koji je zapovijedao vojskom od 3000 pješaka i 300 konjanika :. 29 Odlučna odanost lokalnih vlasti kruni Navare krunu nije mogao sakriti svoj nizak moral na račun Papina bule i beznadnost njihovog otpora. Predali su se 9. rujna 1512., kako bi se izbjegle daljnje pljačke i po gradu i uzaludno krvoproliće. Alfonso je prisegnuo taj dan da će poštovati navareške zakone po uputama svog oca Ferdinanda. :30 – 31

Do kraja kolovoza 1512. gotovo sva Iberijska Navara je bio pod španjolskim utjecajem. Vojvoda od Albe, zapovijedajući snagom od 3000 pješaka i 300 konjanika podržanih s 400 topnika, zauzeo je pirinejske doline Aezkoa, Salazar, i Roncal, a preuzeo je prelaze na sjeveru, zauzevši kapelu Roncevalles na iznenađenje i zapalivši selo. Kastilijske snage predvođene brigadirom Villalbom (ili knezom Martinom od Ursue Beaumont stranke, ovisno o izvorima) stigle su u St-Jean-Pied-de-Port 10. rujna 1512 samo da bi otkrile da je njegova posada pod knezom Miossensom (Albretom) bila napustila uporište  :. 43 Nezadovoljne s preuzimanjem položaja i grada, kastiljanske snage su započele s pljačkom, paležom i širenjem terora po selima Donje Navare, taktikom koju je kastiljanski zapovjednik pokušao opravdati u svojim pismima. Katolička Crkva je, čini se, odobravala porobljavanja i ponižavanja navareških stanovnika.:44

Kastilijanci su zahtijevali podređivanje svih kneževa u Donjoj Navari (Ultrapuertos, Deça-Ports), dok je vojvoda od Albe naredio rušenje svih tornjeva u području. Voćnjaci u području St-Jean-Pied-de-Port ( Donibane Garazi) su posječeni, ostavljajući lokalno stanovništvo u borbi za opstanak  :. 44. U tom trenutku, Ferdinand je zahtijevao kapitulaciju Katarine i Ivana III., ali je ponudio pregovare oko njihova zadržavanja na prijestolju, uz uvjet da pošalju svog nasljednika Henrika na odgoj na dvor Kastilije. Taj prijedlog je odbijen.

U međuvremenu francuska vojska je bila stacionirana u Bajoni (Guyenne) pazeći na moguće engleske ili kastilske poteze na terenu. Ferdinand se još uvijek držao plana o napadu Guyenne, dom i Albretsovih posjeda i francuskih kraljevskih zemalja, ili barem Bajonu, stratešku luku za Navaru. Međutim, vrijeme je istjecalo za Kastilijance u Donjoj Navari, s nedostacima hrane, pomagala i u nepovoljnim vremenskim uvjetima. Nezadovoljni veterani u St-Jean-Pied-de-Port, njih oko 1000, su se pobunili, ali su uspjeli ispregovarati s vojvodom od Albe njihovo uklanjanje u manje neprijateljsku zaštitnicu od Burguia i Salazara i tako prekinuli pobunu. :. 47-48

Navareški protunapad

Do sredine listopada Ivan III. je podigao vojsku od 15.000 ljudi iz Navare, Gaskonje i švicarskih plaćenika (landsknechts) spreman na protunapad. Tri stupa su napredovala u Gipuskou i u srce Navare. Prvo su opsjedali Hondarribiju i Donostiju, i zauzeli određeni broj manjih gradova na području kako bi preusmjerili pozornost Kastilijanaca koji su opsjedali Pamplonu. Do tada, umorni od nepouzdanih namjera Ferdinanda II., Englezi su odlučili napustiti poprište ratovanja i vratiti se u Englesku nakon pljačkanja nekoliko sela i gradova (Errenteria)  :. 48 Druga ekspedicija pod zapovjedništvom vojvode od Longuevillea bila je sastavljena od 8.000 Gaskonaca, 1000 Navareza, 1500 landsknecths i odgovarajućeg topništva. Ona je krenula iz Peyrehorade, susrela se s Kastilijancima Ainhizeu i pobijedila ih 19. listopada 2012.:.49

Treći stup je prešao Pireneje iz Roncalesa (Erronkari) i dosegao Burgui. Bojeći se prekida svoje komunikacijske linije s Pamplonom, vojvoda od Albe povukao se u glavni grad, ali ne prije nego što je ostavio dobro opremljen odred u St-Jean-Pied-de-Portu. Navareška kolona je napredovala prema jugu, preko Pirineja iz Salazara prema Pamploni. Na vijest o dolasku navareške vojske, Estella-Lizarra i tvrđava Monjardin pored pobunili su se protiv okupatora :.38.

U Estelli-Lizarri, pobunjenici na čelu s Ivanom Ramirez de Baquedano i Jaime Velaz de Medrano ubrzo su se suprotstavili snagama Petra Beaumonta, podržanog od strane kastilijanaca vojvode od Najere i markiza od Comaresa. Navareški lideri zauzeli su zadnji položaj kod tvrđave Monjardin, ali je na kraju potpisana kapitulacija.  :. 39 Pothvat u Pamploni je trajao mjesec dana, ali dolazak zime i novih pojačanja iz Kastilje osujetili su bilo kakve izglede za uspješno zaključenje operacije. Lojalisti su se povukli a kastiljanske trupe su napravile svoj put natrag preko Pirineja u St-Jean-Pied-de-Port i Donju Navaru, držeći kontrolu nad položajom, ali sudjelujući u redovitim okršaja s knezom od Luxea (Lukuze) iz stranke Beaumont.

Dana 7. prosinca 1512, odred desetkovanih navareških landsknechts u povlačenju je čuvao dvanaest komada artiljerije kod prolaza Belate, kad su naišli na patrolu na čelu s guvernerom Gipuzkoe Juanom de Silvom. Gipuskonska paravojska je napala landsknechts, koji su se povukli u neredu, bili gonjeni i uglavnom pobijeni. Okršaj je kasnije preuveličan u bitku širokih razmjera, a topovi zaplijenjeni u bitci su dodani 1513. na službeni grb Gipuskoe.  : 54

Ponovna španjolska okupacija i naknadna događanja
Od prosinca 1512., sukob je bio ograničen na St-ean-Pied-de-Port i njegovo zaleđe, još uvijek okupirano. Gore spomenuti Diego Fernandez de Córdoba je imenovan prvim potkraljem Navare, a od 13. – 23. ožujka 1513. Sabor Navare, uvelike smanjen na predstavnike stranke Beaumount koji su stali uz kastiljansko osvajanje, bio je sazvan i prihvatio Ferdinanda kao svog "prirodnog gospodara i kralja." Ferdinand je za uzvrat pristao zadržati navareške institucije i identitet. U isto vrijeme, prvi potkralj Kastilje, Diego Fernández de Córdoba, položio je prisegu da će poštovati navareške zakone (fuerose) :. 36

U početku kraljevstvo je bilo pridano Ferdinandu, dakle, kruni Aragona – kao štečeno dobro, pozivajući se na papine bule. Aragon je bio pirinejsko kraljevstvo carstvo slično konfederalnim institucionalnim tvorevinama, za razliku od autoritarne Kastilije, ali je kasnije je pritisak prešao u korist prenošenje Navare kastiljanske kraljice Izabele, kćeri Ivane Kastilske i pripojenju baskijskog kraljevstva Kastilji 1515. :35 – 41 Aneksija je potvrđena nakon polaganja zakletve da će se poštovati navareški zakoni i ustanove (pactum subjectionis), jer je to bila volja Ferdinanda II. Sabor Burgosa  (11. lipnja 1515.) nisu pohodili nikakvi navareški predstavnici. Čak je i navareški grof od Lerina, Louis od Beaumonta, Ferdinandov suučesnik do tog trenutka, prosvjedovao ovom pripojenju Kastilji i bio zatvoren.

Bez obzira na formalne zahtjeve oko zakletve, oba kraljevstva su imala različite institucionalne i pravne sustave i prilično različit društveni i etnički sastav. Nakon što su kastilska i aragonska vojska zauzele sva uporišta, utrto je tlo za progresivno institucionalno preuzimanje obilježeno centralizmom španjolsko-kastiljanske krune, izvor čestih trvenja i napetosti. 1513. i 1514. bile su u znaku kastilske vojnom kontrole Navare, s diplomatom i piscem  Machiavellijem koji je predviđao brzi i laki dogovor Ferdinanda II. s Francuskom "oko jedinog uvjeta za zadržavanje Navare, odustajanja od Milanskog vojvodstva zbog blizine blizine Helvećana". : 32

Izgradnja slučaja za osvajanje

Ferdinand je pokazivao duboku zabrinutost oko prikaza svoje vojne intervencije bez pravne osnove. On je brzo naručio izvješće kvalificiranih pravnih stručnjaka  Antonija de Nebrije i Juana Lopeza de Palacios Rubiosa kako bi opravdao svoje postupke širokom lepezom svojih prava na teritorije baskijskog kraljevstva. : 26 Tijekom sljedećih desetljeća i stoljeća izvješća su postala uvjerljiva referenca u slučaju rasprava o (ne)moralnosti španjolskog osvajanja Navare. U svakom slučaju, oba učenjaka su djelovali kao sluge svojih gospodara kralja Ferdinanda II. i vojvode od Albe kada su prihvatili ovaj propagandni zadatak, kako je istaknuo povjesničar Alfredo Floristan :. 49 López de Palacios će dizajnirati kasnije doktrinu opravdavanja za osvajanje Zapadne Indije.

Krajem kolovoza 1512. kada je postignuto osvajanje srca Navare, Ferdinand je objavio priopćenje braneći svoje pravo napada na Francusku preko Navare prema iure im belli ili "pravu rata" što je proglasila Rimska crkva godine 1511. : 27 S Pamplonom u rukama i kraljevskom obitelji u Béarnu, Ferdinand je to koristio ovaj dobitak na terenu kako bi dodatno opravdao svoja potraživanja nad kraljevstvom Navare, inzistirajući na svom pravu kralja Navare de iure propio.

Druga tvrdnja se pozivala na tzv. "pravo puta" preko Navare za postizanje vojnih ciljeve u Guyenne, uz potporu Ferdinandovog "božanskog i prirodnog prava". Osim toga, Ferdinand bi "vodio računa o međunarodnim ugovorima", što bi dopuštalo napad na Navaru kako bi pomogao svom savezniku Engleskoj:28 Pored toga, svojstvena argumentacija sastojala se od tvrdnje da je navareška dinastija koju je osnovao Eneko Aritza (824 - .. 851.)  uzurpacija prijestolja koje je trebalo pripasti Kastiliji, navodnom nasljedniku vizigotskog kraljevstva (preko Kraljevine Asturije), nositelja mandata rimskog cara Honorija u Hispaniji : 28 Konačno, Ferdinand je izrekao niz zahtjeva za navareško prijestolje vezanih za njegov brak s Germaine od Foix, i svoga oca, Ivana II. od Aragona.

Ferdinand je bio obaviješten od strane špijuna oko napretka u pregovorima između navareških diplomata i Luja XII. u Bloisu. Uoči početka invazije, 17. srpnja 1512., Ferdinand je krivotvorio nacrt ugovora iz Bloisa (potpisan 18. srpnja) i dao ga raširiti.:. 19 Papinska presuda Pastor Ille Caelestis izdana je 21. srpnja, samo 3 dana nakon početka invazije, ovlašćujući vođenje rata protiv crkvenih neprijatelja i pravo na udio njihovih posjeda pod uvjetom da se nalaze izvan Italije, što će se primjenjivati na Luja XII. Francuskog i "heretičku" krunu Navare. Ova odredba je upisana na nagovor samog Ferdinanda u prosincu 1511. : 23

5. lipnja 1512, Ferdinand je uputio pismo papi Juliju II. pozivajući ga da izda bulu o izopćenju "svakog u kraljevini Navari i Kneževini Béarn" te da mu dodjeli Navaru, ili u nedostatku toga, pravo da je preuzme, i pozivajući se na papine vlastite interese u Španjolskoj ("Trebate samo svitak i tintu", dodao je on) :. 23 7. lipnja 1512. španjolski kralj je uputio još jedan dopis svom veleposlaniku u Rimu pozivajući ga na osiguravanje bule što je prije moguće, jer "naša vojska i artiljerija su spremni" napasti Navaru :. 23

Međutim, navareška kruna nije navedena izričito u buli Pastor Ille Caelestis. Ponavljajući Ferdinandovu tvrdnju krajem kolovoza 1512. bula  Exigit Contumatium je izdana pola godine kasnije (18. veljače 1513.) Ovaj put Katarina I. i Ivan III su označeni kao razdornici vjere i stoga nedostojni nositelja kraljevskog naslova, namećući im izopćenje i oduzimanje svih posjeda : 24 Prisutni članovi sjednice Sabora Navare održanog u Pamploni na 13. – 24. ožujka 1513. prihvatili su Ferdinanda II. kao kralja.

Unatoč svoj papinskoj podršci za svoje postupke, Ferdinanda (i njegove nasljednike) progonile su optužbe za uzurpaciju i tiraniju, i to je ostavilo traga u status Navare nakon invazije. Španjolski kralj napravio sve potrebne mjere kako bi predstavio invaziju kao puku dinastičku promjenu, pokušavajući prikriti činjenicu vojnog zauzimanja. Unatoč činjenici da je Navara smatrana "zarađenim dobrom" za slobodno raspolaganje Ferdinandu, primijenjeni su određeni ustupci - davanjem prisege za poštovanje navarskih zakona i identiteta. Navara nije bila poput Granade, koja se smatrala ne samo legitimnim osvajanjem po rimskim kršćanskim standardima, već i "nanovo osvojenim" vizigotskim kraljevstvom. :. 48. S druge strane, Navara je smatrana starokršćanskim kraljevstvom, sa svjetovnim institucijama i ukorijenjenom identifikacijom stanovništva s domaćim društvenim poretkom. :. 34  Prior tempore, potior iure, ili "ranije u vremenu, jači u pravu", kraljevstvo je bilo jače od same krune.

Pokušaj preotimanja godine 1516.

Do 1516. Ferdinand bio je mrtav, a njegov šesnaestogodišnji unuk po Isabeli, Karl od Ghenta, je uzašao na prijestolje i Kastilije i Aragona. Međutim, godine 1516. on je još uvijek živio u Burgundskoj Nizozemskoj. Ivan III. od Navare je tu vidio priliku za rekonkvistu iberijske Navare. Kralj podigao vojsku u Sauveterre-de-Béarn sastavljenu od dva stupca, jedan po zapovijedništvom njega samog i drugi pod Petrom, maršalom Navare.  :. 49 Mala vojska je težila doseći Sangüesu i Lumbier, i tamo potaknuti ustanak protiv Kastilijanaca.

Prva kolona na čelu s Ivanom III. nije uspjela doći za pete kastiljanskog garnizona koji je zauzimao St-Jean-Pied-de-Port, dok ni drugi nije bilo sretniji. Petar je napredovao prema Roncevallesu 12. ožujka 1516., ali je kardinal Cisneros bio obaviješten o navareškim namjerama i imao pukovnika Villalbu koji ga je čekao kod Roncevallesa. Petar je pak odlučio izbjeći Roncevalles pošavši prema Salazaru i Roncalu, ali vrijeme i slabe simpatije stanovništva tog područja (osim u Roncalu) srozali su postrojbu od 600 ljudi.:.60 Postrojba je bila uvučena u borbu i poražena od pukovnika Villalbe u blizini Isabe, u dolini Roncal, a borci su postali zarobljenici. Petar je ubijen godinu dana kasnije, dok je bio u pritvoru u Simancasu, današnja pokrajina Valladolid (što je predstavljeno kao samoubojstvo).

Među zarobljenim bilo je nekoliko knezova, uključujući i Valentina od Jasoa, rođaka Franje Ksaverskoga. Zatvorenici su provedeni na Atienzu (Kastilija) i držani u teškim okovima s ograničenom komunikacijom, grad je stavljen pod ekstremne mjere sigurnosti. Navarezima nije bio dozvoljen ulaz u grad a bilo koji stanovnik koji je ugostio Navareza ili nije prijavio njihovu prisutnost izlagao se globi od 1000 - maravedi i dvogodišnjoj kazni zatvora. Preživjelih 7 navareških kneževa iz stranke Agramont je na kraju pušteno uz prihvaćanje podložnosti, ali svi su se oni pridružili francusko-navarskoj ekspediciji pod zapovijedanjema generala Asparrose.  : 62

Pokušaj rekonkviste nije uspio, a 14. kolovoza 1516. potpisan je sporazum iz Noyona između francuskog kralja Franje I., imenovanog kao "najkršćanskiji", i kralja Karla V., pod nazivom "katolički", u kojoj se Karlo slaže u kontekstu šireg sporazum da će preispitati svoja prava oko Kraljevine Navare i saslušati izaslanike kraljice Katarine. Međutim, francusko-španjolske tenzije su ponovno izašle na vidjelo, Katarina je umrla početkom 1517. te Navari navedene odredbe u ugovoru vezane za Navaru nikada nisu izvršene. :.66 Ipak pregovori su se nastavili između navareških diplomata i Karla V. kako bi postigli dogovor oko braka između Karlove sestre Eleonore i novog kralja Navare Henrika II. U tom kontekstu, Sabor Navare u Pamploni, na kojem su prisustvovali samo članovi stranke Beaumont, zahtijevao ponovno pripajanje (Gornje) Navare "Priobalnoj Navari",:26 baskijskom okrugu poznatom kao Biskaja sve do početka 19. stoljeća.

Španjolski kardinal Cisneros je nastupao kao regent za nedavno proglašenog cara Karla. Kao takav, te godine je odredio rušenje svih navareških dvoraca kako bi se izbjegao bilo kakav otpor :. 66 I ne samo to, istaknute osobe u Navari koje su ustale za navarske vladare bile su zatočeni u Atienzi ili prisiljeni na progonstvo. "Podjarmljivanja i ograničavajuće mjere bile su uvedene kako se nitko u tom kraljevstvu" (po riječima kardinala Cisnerosa) ne bi usudio pobuniti. : 66

Oponašajući kraljevsku odluku iz Kastilje godine 1502. španjolske carske vlasti odlučile su prisilno obratiti ili protjerati navarske muslimane nastanjene u Tudeli i oko nje, najvjerojatnije 1. svibnja 1516. Međutim, oko 1516. mnogi od njih su emigrirali zbog nameta koji su trajali već desetljećima. Muslimansko stanovništvo je nastavilo napuštati Navaru do 1520., a mnogi od njih su se nastanili u Aragonu, gdje su našli privremeni zaklon do njihova protjerivanja 1526. : 47

Institucionalni okvir Navare je očuvan nakon invazije 1512. Nakon što je Ferdinand II. umro u siječnju, Sabor Navare okupljen u Pamploni, pozvao je Karla V. (u dobi od 16 godina) na krunidbenu svečanosti u gradu, prema običaju, ali izaslanici Sabora su se susreli s carevom posvemašnjom ravnodušnosti, ako ne i prezirom. On je odbio prisustvovati bilo kakvoj svečanosti odgovorivši kratko "recimo da sam sretan i [proglašavanje prijedloga] mi se sviđa." Na kraju se Sabor sastao 1517. bez Karla V. kojeg je zastupao vojvoda od Najere izrekavši niz obećanja male vjerojatnosti, a saborska nomenklatura je nastavila gomilati pritužbe i zahtjeve za naknadu štete caru, u ukupnom iznosu od 67- drugi potkralj Navare Fadrique de Acuña svrgnut je 1515. vjerojatno zbog pristajanja na slanje pritužbi. :39-40 Kontradikcije vezane za spomen careve nepostojeće prisege iz 1516. ukazuju na suvremenu manipulaciju s dokumentima.

Francusko-navareški pohod iz 1521.

Od 1520. – 1521., Kastilija bila zaokupljena pobunom Comunerosa. Kruna Aragona je također imala gospodarskih teškoća, kao i pobunu bratovština. Kao rezultat toga, Španjolska je za francuskog kralja Franju I. bila zrela meta.  U međuvremenu, mladi kralj Henrik II. od Navare, sa sjedištem u svojim domenama u Béarnu, vidio je tu put za vraćanje Navare  :. 81 Koristeći savez s Francuskom, Henrik je počeo podizati vojsku od 12.000 vojnika, uglavnom Gaskonaca i navarskih prognanika, kako bi preoteo Gornju Navaru okupiranu od strane Španjolaca. Velika francusko-navareška vojska pod zapovjedništvom generala Asparrose (ili Esparrea) prešla je Pirineje. Imala je točno 12.000 pješaka, 800 vitezova i 29 komada artiljerije.

Kastiljanski potkralj Navare, Antonio Manrique de Lara, 2. vojvoda od Najere,  uhvaćen je bez straže. Vojvoda je imao odgovornost za čuvanje navarskih posjeda osvojenih 1512., ali on je preselio većinu svojih vojnika iz Navare kako bi suzbio seljačke bune i pljačke po svom rodnom području u Kastilji, u kontekstu pobune Comunerosa. Velik dio njegova topništva i drugih postrojbi, otišao je u Kastilju u borbu protiv organizirane comunero vojske. Glasine su obilovale vijestima o "francuskoj" invaziji, s bivšim comunero plemićem Pedrom Gironom koji je upozoravao na predstojeću invaziju u travnju 1521.

Ljuti na kastiljansko preuzimanje crkvenih, administrativnih i pravosudnih institucija u Navari, Navarezi su brzo ustali diljem Navare u potporu Henriku II. i dinastiji Albret čuvši vijest o ekspediciji Henrika II. Nastajali su dobrovoljni odredi u mnogim mjestima kako bi izbacili Kastilijance. :81 -82 Kako je sila prilazila Pamploni, građani su se pobunili i opsjedali kastiljanskog vojnog upravitelja, Iñiga de Loyolu, u njegovom novoizgrađenom dvorcu. Garnizon se predao nakon nekoliko dana otpora krajem svibnja 1521. U manje od tri tjedna, sva Navara je bila ponovno osvojena:. 352

Ipak, nije bilo sve riješeno. Odsutnost mladog kralja Henrika II. bila je uznemirujuća za stanovništvo. Osim toga, francuski general se odnosio prema Navari kao osvojenoj zemlji, što je izazvalo da su se neki počeli pitati želi li francuski kralj Franjo teritorij za sebe. Francusko-navareška vojska se zatim preselila iz prijateljskom teritorija u Kastiliju, prelazeći Ebro i opsjedajući pogranični grad Logroño, gdje je bio stacioniran grof Lerin s 4.000 vojnika. Ovdje je vojska pod zapovjedništvom Asparrose naišla na prvi ozbiljan otpor.:. 353

Nažalost po kralja Navare i Francuze, ustanak comunerosa bio slomljen u bitci kod Villalare u travnju te godine. Sada, ne samo da je kastiljanska Vlada bila u mogućnosti poslati svoje vojnike kao odgovor, već je i veliki broj kastilskih plemića koji su podržavali comunerose ili balansirali između strana sada vidio priliku za dokazati svoju odanost Kruni Kastilje. Mnogi bivši pobunjeni gradovi također su poslali svoje vojnike u Navaru. Potpomognuta iznenada ujedinjenom Kastilijom,ogromna vojska od 30.000 ljudi prilazi Navari za ponovno zauzimanje. :.68 Dana 11. lipnja, Asparrosa je prekinuo svoju opsadu Logroña i povukao se natrag u Tiebas, u Navari. Asparrosa je očajnički tražio pojačanja iz Béarna, ali Henrik II. je odbio zahtjev, vjerojatno ne želeći riskirati šaljući ih u bitku koja je vjerojatno već bila izgubljena.:. 353

U blizini Pamplone, Francuzi (Gaskonjci) i Navarezi bili su potpunosti su poraženi u bitci kod Esquíroza (Noain) 30. lipnja 1521. Francusko-navareške snage nisu imale dovoljno topništva za obranu, te su brojčano bile dvostruko manje. Francuski i navareški gubici bili su više od 6000 mrtvih, a general Asparrosa je bio zarobljen, : 353 i pušten u zamjenu za otkupninu od 10500 dukata i predaju Pamplone. Kastiljanski ljudski gubitci bili su samo 50 do 300 smrtnih slučajeva. Pobjedu trupa Karla I. slijedila je okupacija u kojem su poraženi bili predmet zlostavljanja, pljački, marginalizacije i egzila.:85 Novi scenarij širio je očaj među mnogim Navarezima, a mnogi knezovi se prigodno opredjeljuju za prebacivanje na stranu pobjednika  :. 85. Kastilijanci nisu popuštali i nastavili su slati pojačanja na područje jer su Karlo V. i Francuska nastavili ratovati diljem Europe.

Hondarribia i posljednji položaj kod Amaiura

S još uvijek svježim odjecima poraza u Noainu, kraljevi Henrik II. od Navare i Franjo I. od Francuske ponovo su se udružilo kako bi uzvratili udarac, ovaj put na sjevernim rubovima Navare-vjerojatno očekujući da će Španjolci biti izmoreni od nemilosrdnog rata i financijski uništeni. Krajem rujna 1521., francusko-navarska ekspedicija se podijelila u dva stupca i napredovala prema Bidasoi. Prvi stupac, sastavljena od Navareza iz stranke Agramont, Normana i Gaskonaca, nalazio se u Lapurdiji (francuskom kraljevskom teritoriju), dok je drugi, sastavljen od njemačkog, gaskonskog i normanskog pješaštva, krenuo iz St-Jean-Pied-de-Port - tada u rukama vojnika lojalnih Henriku II. Ukupno su to bile snage od 27.000 vojnika pod zapovjedništvom Guillaume Gouffier, kneza de Bonnivet  :. 95 Većina vojnika nisu bili Francuzi već odrasli na posjedima dinastije Foix - Albret. Nakon preuzimanja Roncala, druga kolona je krenula prema zapadu duž Pireneja i osvojila Roncevalles.

Francusko-navareška sila se približila utvrdi Amaiur (Baztan, sjeverna Navara), opsjedajući tvrđavu koju su Kastilijanci upravo naoružali. Na kraju 3. listopada 1521. Kastilijanci su kapitulirali u zamjenu za svoje živote i otvoren putu natrag u Kastiliji. Tako je učinjeno, a tvrđava je bila zarobljena. Vojnici na čelu s Guillaumea Gouffiera tada su krenuli u Lapurdiju i na Behobiju, zauzevši utvrdu Urantzu i nastavljajući prema obalnom uporištu Hondarribiji (Fuenterrabía, Fontarabie) na rubu Gipuskoe. Uporište je zauzeto 12. listopada 1521. (drugi izvori ukazuju na 6. listopada)  :. 96 : 354 Francusko-navareške snage držale su područje od Belatea do ušća rijeke Bidasoa, ali mir nije dugo trajao.

Od svibnja 1522., uz Karla V. u Pamploni, španjolske snage počele su prikupljati sredstva i snage potrebne za napad. U srpnju 1522. s Amaiurom koji je trabao pasti, car se iskrcao u Santanderu i doveo 4.000 landsknechts. Mnogi Baski iz Biskaje, Gipuskoe, Alave, pa čak i Navare pristupili su Karlovima snagama u tom nastojanju, kao i Aragonci. Uoči kastilijanskog pohoda u Bidasou, kombinacije gipuskoanske paravojske i 1000 vojnika landsknechts kao pojačanjem uplelo se u bitku s francusko-navarskim snagama (Baskima iz Lapurdije i landsknechts) kod tvrđave Urantzu u slavnom bitci kod San Marciala. Carske (kastilske) snage su tu izašle kao pobjednicii zauzeli položaj 30. lipnja 1522.

Dok je Karlo V. pravio vojne aranžmane, habsburški car je izdao i ukaz o oprostu ciljajući na prognane članove stranke Agramont lojalne Henriku II., ne bez znatnog broja iznimaka. Karlo V. je izgleda slijedio taktiku Ferdinanda II., (djelomično) pomilovanje isprepleteno s izravnom represijom, poput odredbe o rušenju preostalih agramontskih utvrda u Navari, pored stavljanja Agramontskih vođa lojalnih kralju Henriku II. na suđenje za lese - majesté djela.

Dana 4. srpnja 1522. jaka kastiljanska ekspedicija od 7000 ljudi se uputila iz Pamplone, a do 15. srpnja stigli su u Amaiur. Utvrdu je branilo 200 navareških vitezova odanih Henriku II. kojima je zapovijedao Jaime Velaz de Medrano, pobunjenik iz Estelle-Lizarre godine 1512. Međutim, branitelji su bili nadjačani te u konačnici pali u ruke grofa od Mirande 19. srpnja 1522. :. 97 Na mjestu gdje je stajala tvrđava sada stoji komemorativni monolit. Nakon kapitulacije Amaiura izdane su drastične naredbe kastiljanskog biskupa od Pamplone Juana de Rena (rođenog u Mlecima) da se sruši tvrđava i broj kuća u vlasništvu simpatizera stranke Agramont, kao i spaljivanje opatije Urdazubi.  : 97 Kastilijanci su zatim nastavili širiti teror po susjednoj Donjoj Navari.

39 preživjelih navarskih knezova iz Amaiura su dovedeni u Pamplonu i držani u zatočeništvu u tvrđavi sv. Nikole. Osim gore navedenog Jaime Velez de Medrana, tu je bio i i Miguel de Jaso, knez Xabiera i najstariji brat Franje Ksaverskog. Oni su bili zatočeni u Pamploni, a Jaime i njegov sin su otrovani. Miguel uspio pobjeći odjeven u žensku odjeću, i požurio se pridružiti svom bratu Ivanu i francusko-navareškim snagama u Hondarribiji koje su imale 3.000 branitelja - 1000 Navareza i 2000 Francuza. Osim gore navedenog Guillauma Gouffiera, vojna sila je imala Clauda Lorraina kao jednog od zapovjednika.

Na vrhuncu Franjinog i Henrikovog pohoda, Henrik je donio odluku visoke simbolične vrijednosti: sazvao je Sabor Navare u Saint-Palais (Donapaleu), prisegnuo da će poštovati navarske zakone zakone (fuerose), i reorganizirati navarsku upravu u skladu sa stvarnom teritorijalnom kontrolom. Karlo V.  jeosjećao da se njegovom autoritetu u Navari prkosi, i osmislio plan kako ukrotiti kraljeve Henrika II. i Franju, i suzbiti sav navareški otpor. Njegov ambiciozni plan bio je usmjeren na invaziju Donje Navare, Toulousea, Strasbourga i Hondarribije nakon osvajanja Amaiura.  : 104

Potkralj Aragona napredovao je prema Oloronu u Béarnu i opkolio grad, dok vojska princa Oranje Philiberta od Chalon, međutim, nije uspjela zauzeti Bajonu. Frustriran zbog svog neuspjeha, na svom povlačenju prema jugu Philibert je devastirao Ustaritz te opljačkao Biarritz i St-Jean-de-Luz (Donibane Lohizune). Ostali gradovi i sela u unutrašnjosti omotani u navarsko-bearnsku granicu pretrpjeli su ozbiljne štete u ljudstvu i imovini. Na kraju, carske su snage usredotočile svu svoju snagu na zauzimanje Hondarribijeu. 15. prosinca 1523., Karlo V. je izdao novi oprost, ovaj put uključujući i većinu od navareških vođa iz stranke Agramont, osim za 152 ugledne osobe, od kojih su se neke i dalje borili u Hondarribiji. :. 69

Bitka kod Fuenterrabije (Hondarribije) će trajati do travnja 1524. 29. veljače 1524. navarske snage pod zapovjedništvom Petra od Navare kapitulirale su pred vrhovnim zapovjednikom od Gipuskoe Iñigom Fernandezom de Velasco, njegovim stricem. Oni su obećali povrat njihove imovine, ali tek nakon što su prisegnuli na vjernost Karlu V. Konačno, neki od branitelja u položaju, čak su dodijeljeni u različite položaje u monarhiji Karla V., ali daleko od Navare i posjedi su im djelomično ili potpuno vraćeni - ne bez problema. Ovom predajom navareškem je otporu dan konačni udarac.

Lokalizirani vojni sukobi na kraju su bili ograničeni na južne rubove Donje Navare. Godine 1525., španjolski upad ponovno je potresao Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port, koji su zatim gotovo Španjolci držali dvije godine, ali godine 1527. knez od Luxea (Lukuzea) i Esteban de Albret, knez od Miossensa ga je preoteo. Osim španjolske predstraže u Luzaideu/Valcarlos regija je napuštena 1528. zbog Karlovog gubitka interesa i teškoća u obrani. Francuski gubitci u širem ratu, s uhićenjem kralja Franje i Henrika II.  u bitci kod Pavije u veljači 1525. zapečatili su podjelu Navare. Dok se Henrik II. uspio osloboditi iz zatvora, Sporazumom iz Madrida 1. siječnja 1526.  i Sporazumom iz Cambraya. (1529.) potvrđena je španjolska kontrolu nad iberijskom Navarom. Franjo I. se obvezao da će uskratiti pomoć Henriku II. u daljnjim nastojanjima.

Naknadna događanja i posljedice

Postupno pomilovanja koja je proglasio Karlo V. bile su geste visoke kohezivne vrijednosti za uklapanje Navare u Habsburšku Španjolsku. Također je proglašen i niz pomilovanja kleru koji se udružio s legitimnim vladarima, s prvim pomilovanjem tek nakon invazije 1512. Međutim, nepovjerenje prema lojalnosti Navareza je ostalo na mjestu cijelo vrijeme tijekom 16. stoljeća dok su postojali reformisti i neovisna Navara sjeverno od Pirineja do apsorpcije u Francusku 1620. Zaplijenjeni posjedi osoba lojalnih Henriku II. počeli su se vraćati, ali postupci su bili prepuni problema, u pratnji neumoljivog pravosudnog progona i primjerenih kazni za čelnike stranke Agramont.

Iako nema svjedočanstava o spaljivanju knjiga, kao što se dogodilo po osvajanju Granade u Oranu (po nalogu kardinala Cisnerosa), nedostaje začuđujuće veliki broj knjiga, evidencija i arhiva vezanih za sudske postupke, računovodstvo, carinu, parlament i sjednice kraljevskog vijeća, kao i imovinski naslovi iz razdoblja prije invazije 1512. (sredina kasnog 15. do početka 16. stoljeća), s evidencijom koja se nastavlja godine 1512. :34 - 35 Zapisi koji se odnose na prethodno razdoblje su izgleda bili donirani španjolskim vladarima ili oduzeti na neki način od novoimenovanih vlasti. Velika većina stanovništva bili su govornici baskijskog jezika i uglavnom nepismeni, oslanjajući se na dvojezične bilježnike koji su mogli pisati na romanskom jeziku (Navareško-aragonskom koji se spojio kastilijanskim) ili latinskom jeziku, ali bio je nametnut uvjet za ponovnim upisom vlasništva naslova pred kastilskim dužnosnicima. U nedostatku registracije, vlasništvo nad nekretninama i posjedima bilo je poništena a roba bila predmet oduzimanja od strane okupatora. :34 - 35

Navara je ostala stanju vojne okupacije najmanje do 1530. :. 71 Sve relevantne pozicije u rukama domaćih službenika u kraljevstvu preuzeli oni imenovani od Kastilijanaca, kao biskupi, potkraljevi i administrativno osoblje kraljevskog tribunala, kraljevsko vijeće, računovodstvena komora (Comptos), i kurija, a da se ne spominje garnizon u Pamploni, : 184 poput onih stacioniranih u drugim gradovima Navare. Na isti način, navareški crkveni ljudi su izopćeni iz opatskih pozicija, : 24, ali ponekad su i lokalni ljudi koji su pokazivali pokorničko ponašanje bili zadržani ili imenovani za dužnosnike.

Od kritičnog razdoblja španjolskog osvajanja, svaki put kad je biskupsko mjesto bilo upražnjeno, bilo Kaptol Pamplone ili kasnije Diputacion bi zatražili imenovanje navarskog biskupa, no bez uspjeha. Na primjer, u bujnom izviješću iz 1539. inzistiralo se na izboru domaćeg klera za crkvene položaje velik broj puta, uz jedan od uvjeta da mogu govoriti baskijski pa će im njihovi podanici biti poslušni, "bog svog podrijetla i zato što baskijski narod, najbrojniji u kraljevstvu, voli kao nijedna druga nacija vlastitu prirodu i jezik." Izvješće je odbijeno bez obrazloženja i imenovan je kastilski biskup. Povjesničar Crkve José Goñi Gaztambide  (Historia de los Obispos de Pamplona, 1985.) je odlučan u svojoj kritici, prozivajući "kastiljansku asimilaciju navarske Crkve na svim razinama", do mjere kolonije. : 72

Navarezi su nastavili okretati oči prema svom (reformističkom) alter egu na sjeveru, neovisnoj Navari s Béarnom na čelu Henrikom II. Navarskim je (kao i Gipuskoa) postala vruća točka za prodor za reformacijskih zamisli već 1521., kada je inkvizicija zaplijenila i spalila nekoliko knjiga. Nametnuta je zabrana njihovog čitanja, pa čak i pisanja ili propovijedanja protiv reformacijske doktrine, kako bi se izbjeglo privlačenje pozornosti na njihove tvrdnje : 71

Godine 1525., nakon dvaju propalih pokušaja rekonkviste Henrika II. (vidi gore), niču prve optužbe za vještičarenje na poticaj diplomata Balanze, člana kraljevskog vijeća i povjerenika za pitanja vještica duž Navare, vlasnika također palače u Unzuéu (baskijski:Untzue,  u središnjem dijelu gornje Navare). U pismima kastiljanskom biskupu od Pamplone Juanu de Reni (vojnom upravitelju koji u stvari nije ni bio zaređen za vjersku funkciju), Balanza tvrdi da postoji "toliko zla" u brojnim dolinama južno od Pireneja-počevši od Salazara i Roncala, do Burguetea (Auritz), Baztana, Bortziriaka, Malerreka (do Pamplone) – smještenog na zaštitnici St-Jean-Pied-de-Porta u Donjoj Navari, i aktivnom bojištu samo nekoliko godina ili mjeseci prije, to "ne bih trebao samo ja biti taj koji je svjestan toga", dodaje on. Nakon njegove istrage i suđenja koja su proizašla (siječanj - kolovoz 1525.), 30-40 ljudi, većinom žena, osuđeni su i živi spaljeni od strane kastilskih vlasti, dok drugi izvori ukazuju na 200. Još 43 njih su oduzeti njihovi posjedi.

Dana 15. kolovoza 1532.,  umrla je sestra kralja Henrika II., Ana od Albreta. Izrazila je u svojoj oporuci želju da se pokopa s roditeljima Katarinom I. i Ivanom III. u Pamploni, kao i prenošenje svojih posjeda kao princeze od Viane svom bratu kralju Henriku II., no želja joj nije bila uslišena. Sumnje oko okupacije Navare nastavile su proganjati Karla V. do smrti, koji je pokušao pronaći kompromis koji bi odgovarao njegovim ambicijama i kraljevima Navare. U tom smislu, on je pokušao da oženiti svog sina i nasljednika Filipa II. očitom nasljednicom kraljevstva Navare Jeanne d'Albret (1539.), naglašavajući njezinu visoko obrazovanje i inteligenciju. Ovi pokušaji u konačnici nisu uspjeli, ali je Karlo V. ostavio upute Filipu II. u svojoj oporuci da vrati Navaru vratiti "po svojoj savjesti" (1548., 1556.) : 27 To se, međutim, nikada nije dogodilo.

Izvori

Literatura

Kraljevina Navara
Povijest Francuske
Španjolska vojna povijest


text:
Q: Unable to reduce an array of objects based on string value So I have this array of objects which I need to reduce based on each object's prop value as well as count the total.
What I mean to say is, suppose I have this array of objects:
[
     { dateTime: '2021-07-30', count: 4 },
     { dateTime: '2021-07-31', count: 1 },
     { dateTime: '2021-08-01', count: 2 },
     { dateTime: '2021-08-02', count: 1 },
     { dateTime: '2021-08-03', count: 2 },
     { dateTime: '2021-08-04', count: 3 }
]

I want to reduce it to something like this:
[
     { month: '2021-07', count: 5 },
     { month: '2021-08', count: 8 }
]

Here's the snippet:

const data = [{
    dateTime: '2021-07-30',
    count: 4
  },
  {
    dateTime: '2021-07-31',
    count: 1
  },
  {
    dateTime: '2021-08-01',
    count: 2
  },
  {
    dateTime: '2021-08-02',
    count: 1
  },
  {
    dateTime: '2021-08-03',
    count: 2
  },
  {
    dateTime: '2021-08-04',
    count: 3
  }
];

const stackedMonths = data.reduce((acc, curr) => {

  return [{
    month: curr.dateTime.slice(0, 7),
    count: acc + curr.count
  }];

}, []);

console.log(stackedMonths);

After trying the code, I'm getting this which doesn't make any sense:
[ { month: '2021-08', count: '[object Object]2' } ]

What am I doing wrong here? Please note that I'm new to reduce and I'm still learning it.

A: You can use Array#reduce with an object to store the sum for each month.

const arr = [
     { dateTime: '2021-07-30', count: 4 },
     { dateTime: '2021-07-31', count: 1 },
     { dateTime: '2021-08-01', count: 2 },
     { dateTime: '2021-08-02', count: 1 },
     { dateTime: '2021-08-03', count: 2 },
     { dateTime: '2021-08-04', count: 3 }
];
const res = Object.values(arr.reduce((acc, curr)=>{
  const month = curr.dateTime.slice(0, -3);
  (acc[month] ??= {month, count: 0}).count += curr.count;
  return acc;
}, {}));
console.log(res);

If the value of month does not yet exist as a key on the accumulator, it is set to {month: month, count: 0}. Then, the count is incremented by the current object's count.


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In this project we are going to use long-term pollen records from different parts of the world – Colombia, Greece, and Northeast Russia - to compare different interglacial and glacial periods during the Quaternary and to investigate how ecosystems have changed over time. We are interested in finding out how and how quickly an ecosystem and its biodiversity are restored after glacial periods. For ecosystem restoration, it is important to know the past states of the ecosystem and what determines the long-term ecosystem assembly, composition, structure, biodiversity and turnover, and we aim to test various hypotheses that concern this.
Vivians education includes a bachelor degree in biology, a master degree in Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology, and a PhD about pollen and vegetation diversity from the University of Bergen. Her research interests include biodiversity patterns and trends at different scales in space and time, vegetation history, ecosystems and ecosystem changes, alpine ecology, and numerical and statistical methods in ecology and palaeoecology.


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text:
Icaro è un singolo dei Gemelli DiVersi, pubblicato il 3 settembre 2007. È il secondo estratto dall'album BOOM!.

Il disco
Il tema principale del videoclip parla della forza di rialzarsi subito dopo che si cade. Il protagonista del singolo è appunto Icaro, personaggio alato della mitologia greca.


A loan offered by a bank, mortgage company or other financial institution for the purchase of a primary or investment residence. In a home mortgage, the owner of the property (the borrower) transfers the title to the lender on the condition that the title will be transferred back to the owner once the loan has been fully paid and all other terms of the mortgage have been met.
The person borrowing the mortgage money, who either has or is creating an ownership interest in the property.
Any organization lending the mortgage money, but usually a bank or other financial institution (Lenders may also be investors who own an interest in the mortgage through a mortgage-backed security. In such a situation, the initial lender is known as the mortgage originator, which then packages and sells the loan to investors. The payments from the borrower are thereafter collected by a loan servicer.).
The original dollar amount of the loan, which may or may not include certain other costs; as any principal is repaid, the principal amount will decrease.
A financial charge for use of the lender's money.
The two basic types of amortized loans are the fixed rate mortgage (FRM) and adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) (also known as a floating rate or variable rate mortgage).
In a fixed rate mortgage, the interest rate, remains fixed for the life (or term) of the loan. In case of an annuity repayment scheme, the periodic payment remains the same amount throughout the loan. In case of linear payback, the periodic payment will gradually decrease.
In an adjustable rate mortgage, the interest rate is generally fixed for a period of time, after which it will periodically (for example, annually or monthly) adjust up or down in relation to a market index. Adjustable rates transfer part of the interest rate risk from the lender to the borrower, and thus are widely used where fixed rate funding is difficult to obtain or prohibitively expensive. Since the risk is transferred to the borrower, the initial interest rate may be, for example, 0.5% to 2% lower than the average 30-year fixed rate; the size of the price differential will be related to debt market conditions, including the yield curve.
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text:
Munroe should mambo
By Edison Jefford
It is a known fact that the absence of Godfrey Munroe from the National Senior Men's team in August when
Godfrey Munroe
Guyana hosted the Caribbean Championships did not help the team's chances of getting past third place in the premier regional competition.
Munroe is arguably the best player in Guyana. The evidence of three consecutive national titles with the last two being attainted when he is in the twilight of his playing career, is enough to support the view that Munroe's ability is superior in 83,000 square miles.
Before the Caribbean Championships, the administrative responsibilities he had as the General Secretary of the Guyana Table Tennis Association (GTTA) in helping to plan the event, took an untoward toll on him. He had no time to prepare for competition.
At least that was what Munroe said. So, with another National Championships looming in a few days' time, the big question is: will Munroe defend the title he won for a third time last year? He has not officially said so, and refuses to clearly indicate whether or not he will.
Munroe has a number of distinguished local and regional credits to his name, but became distant from competing owed to the fact that he single-handedly kept the competitive aspect of the sport in the mainstream media through several years of finding a suitable President.
Kaieteur Sport has tried on several occasions to ascertain from the extremely talented player that comment on whether or not he will pick up his racquet next week. Given the fact that he won the Championships last year with just about two weeks of preparations, it is quite easy to suppose that Munroe often needs very little time to whip himself into shape.
It is worth mentioning that when Munroe won the title last year, Guyana's highest placed player in the singles competition at the Caribbean Championships this year, Idi Lewis, did not compete, and was based in the United States of America at the time.
However, Lewis was in Guyana up to last week and with the National Championships beginning in about 10 days, the best players in and out of Guyana are expected to compete since the contest is one of the primary bases for the selection of national teams.
Idi Lewis competes in Venezuela earlier this year.
Noticeably, Lewis did not compete at a Power16 competition a few weeks ago at the Malteenoes Sports Club. Lewis inadvertently said, then, that he decided to step back from competing at that event since he was one of the persons who helped organise the competition.
The question marks hovering over Munroe and Lewis's participation in the upcoming National Championships ought to be removed with both top players clearly clarifying whether or not they will be competing at the highest ranked competition in Guyana.
For the sake of the competition, however, both players should compete with Munroe being the defending Men's champion and Lewis being the highest ranked player at the last Caribbean Championships. Munroe should mambo, with mambo of-course being used colloquially to say that Munroe should play.


Do you have the items that you need to stay safe and prepared during a disaster or emergency? If you completed the food and water challenges, then you are almost there!
Gather your emergency food and water and get ready to complete your disaster/emergency kit! Add other items to your kit that you might need during a disaster or emergency. An easy way to do this is think about what you would take with you camping in the woods.
Add items such as a first aid kit, sturdy shoes, a change of clothes, list of medications, copies of important documents, flashlight, batteries, hand-crank, battery or solar powered radio, and other such items. Gather all of the items and put them in a convenient location in a container that is easy to transport.
Did you build a disaster / emergency kit this month? If so, take a picture of your kit and post it to our Facebook page (Kansas Division of Emergency Management) to be entered into a prize drawing!


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Why WS-X6248A-TEL Cisco Catalyst 48 Ports is the best?
Part Number#: WS-X6248A-TEL
WS-X6248A-TEL Catalyst 6000 Series 48 Ports 10/100BASE-TX Auto-sensing Ethernet Switching Module | Made by Cisco | Refurbished
We are giving specifications below, why one should consider procuring Cisco 48 Port Switch Networking features, a general overview, description, performance specification, relevant images, a competitive price infographic, and technical information about the WS-X6248A-TEL model with compatibility.
Scalable and High-Performance
The WS-X6248A-TEL Cisco Catalyst 6000 48 Ports Ethernet Switching Module is a high-performance and scalable switch module that is designed for use in enterprise networks. It provides 48 10/100/1000 Ethernet ports, which allow for high-speed data transfer and support for a large number of connected devices. The module supports advanced features such as Quality of Service (QoS), which allows for prioritization of different types of network traffic, and VLANs, which enable the creation of virtual networks within a single physical network. Additionally, the module supports Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP), which allows for the bundling of multiple physical links to form a single logical link, providing increased bandwidth and redundancy.
The module also supports the Cisco IOS Software, which allows for easy management and configuration of the switch. This software provides a wide range of features such as security, network management, and troubleshooting tools. The module also supports a variety of protocols, including IPv4, IPv6, and MPLS, which makes it versatile and adaptable to different network environments.
Quality of Service (QoS) Support
The WS-X6248A-TEL Cisco Catalyst 6000 48 Ports Ethernet Switching Module supports Quality of Service (QoS) features that allow network administrators to prioritize different types of network traffic. This ensures that critical traffic such as voice or video is given priority over less important traffic such as file downloads. This helps to ensure that important applications and services have the necessary bandwidth and low latency to function properly.
The module supports a variety of QoS features such as:
Class-Based Weighted Fair Queuing (CBWFQ) - This allows for the configuration of different queues for different types of traffic, with each queue having a specific bandwidth allocation.
Low Latency Queuing (LLQ) - This feature allows for the configuration of a priority queue for critical traffic such as voice or video.
Weighted Random Early Detection (WRED) - This feature helps to prevent network congestion by randomly dropping packets when the network becomes overloaded.
Traffic Shaping and Policing - This feature allows for the control of the rate at which traffic is sent, ensuring that the network is not overwhelmed with traffic.
IPv4 and IPv6 Quality of Service (QoS) - The module supports both IPv4 and IPv6 Quality of Service (QoS) which makes it versatile and adaptable to different network environments.
These QoS features can be configured through the Cisco IOS software, which allows for easy management and configuration of the switch.
The WS-X6248A-TEL Cisco Catalyst 6000 48 Ports Ethernet Switching Module provides a variety of security and management features to help protect and manage enterprise networks.
In terms of security, the module supports features such as:
Access Control Lists (ACLs) - This allows network administrators to create and implement rules that restrict access to specific network resources based on the source and destination IP addresses, ports, and protocols.
Virtual Private Network (VPN) - This feature allows for secure remote access to the network through the use of encryption.
IEEE 802.1X Network Login - This feature allows for the authentication of devices before they are allowed to access the network.
Secure Shell (SSH) - This feature provides secure remote access to the switch's command-line interface (CLI) through the use of encryption.
In terms of management, the module supports features such as:
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) - This allows for the monitoring and management of the switch through the use of network management systems.
Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) - This allows for the automatic discovery of Cisco devices on the network.
Remote monitoring (RMON) - This feature allows for the monitoring of network traffic and statistics.
Cisco IOS Software - This provides a wide range of features such as security, network management, and troubleshooting tools, allowing for easy management and configuration of the switch.
Manufacturer Part Number: WS-X6248A-TEL
Brand Name: Cisco
Product Model: WS-X6248A-TEL
Product Name: 48-Port Ethernet Switching Module
Product Type: Switching Module
Application/Usage: Switching Network
Interfaces/Ports: 48 x 10/100Base-TX
Interfaces/Ports Details: 48 x RJ-21 10/100Base-TX Auto-sensing
Interfaces/Ports Details: 4 x RJ-21 Connector
Connectivity Media: Category 5 or higher UTP 10/100Base-TX
Connectivity Media: Category 3 UTP 10Base-T
Connectivity Media: FTP
Data Transfer Rate: 10 Mbps Ethernet Half/Full-duplex
Data Transfer Rate: 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet Half/Full-duplex
Compatibility: Cisco Catalyst 6500 Chassis
Cisco Catalyst 6000 Chassis
J9152A HPE X132 SFP+ LC 10Gbps Transceiver Module | Brand New 3 Years Warranty
ASR1006 Cisco ASR 1000 Aggregation Services Router Chassis | New Factory Sealed
WS-C3750X-48P-L Cisco Catalyst 3750X 48 Ports Ethernet Switch | New Factory Sealed
SFP-10G-SR= Cisco 10GBPS Multi-Mode Fiber 850nm SFP+ Transceiver | New Bulk Pack
WD6400BPVT Western Digital 640GB 5.4K RPM SATA 3GBPS Internal Hard Drive | Refurbished
ST31000520AS Seagate Barracuda 1TB 5.9K RPM SATA Form Factor Internal Hard Drive | Refurbished
HPE JC772A 5900AF 48XG 4QSFP 52 X 48 Ports Switch | New Bulk Pack
E10G42BFSR Intel X520-SR2 PCI Express 2.0 X8 Ethernet Dual Port 10 Gigabit Base Server Adapter | Refurbished


WAR ARTIST seems in good form for his bid to win the Group 3 Al Quoz on World Cup night at Meydan this Saturday. The race is over a straight 6 furlongs on the turf which should really suit him. He ran a little below par in his last race and it seems he had a slight respiratory problem. He coughed a few times after the race and his blood was slightly wrong. He also lost quite alot of weight but he has put that back on now. 10 days ago James Eustace was rather pessimistic about his chances but he has really come back to himself now and can hopefully run a big race on Saturday. It is obviously a very competitive race and on ratings he comes out joint 5th. He has the advantage of already being a winner at Meydan and with a bit of luck in running he should be thereabouts. It is just great for all the connections of the horse to have a runner on this big night in Dubai. Having already won a race the trip has been worthwhile, to finish in the frame on Saturday would be the icing on the cake.