It happens quite often. A seed gets deposited – from the air, or by a bird or passing chipmunk – in the centre of a pot and a plant starts to grow proudly, looking for all the world as if I had put it there… until it reveals itself to be an imposter and is yanked out and consigned to the compost heap. But while I couldn't put a name to this particular plant, it wasn't one of my familiar weeds and it was so perfectly centred and so healthy looking I decided to keep it until I figured out what it was.
A week or so ago, it flowered. A lovely lavender blue, and I recognized it immediately as the Monkey-flower. What excitement! I had seen it on occasion at Tiny Marsh and thought it quite charming. In fact, it charmed its way onto the flyer for the recent Tiny Marsh BioBlitz. The corolla (which is the name for all the petals of a flower) has an upper and lower lip and a yellowish centre that, apparently, looks like a monkey's face – though I can't see it. No offence to monkeys, but it's much prettier than the image that conjures up.
Its genus, Mimulus, used to have 150 species, but DNA-driven reclassification reduced the number to seven, of which two are native to eastern North America, both quite common in wetland areas. The one that magically appeared in my nursery is the Square-stemmed Monkey-flower (M. ringens); the other is the Winged Monkey-flower (M. alatus), which looks very similar. Both have opposite leaves, but the leaves of the winged version have short stalks, whereas those on the square-stemmed one do not. And the winged's flowers grow close to the central stem, while the square-stemmed's flowers each have their own little stalk.
After checking for its preferred habitat, I bore it off to its new home in my bog garden where it has settled in with other moisture lovers like Cardinal Flower, Royal Fern, Buttonbush, Swamp Milkweed, White Turtlehead and Blue Vervain.
The Monkey-flower is the latest in a series of gifts from heaven – volunteers, as gardeners call them when they emerge unbidden and, if they are lovely or otherwise desirable, are greeted with delight and encouraged to grow on. Another recent arrival in my garden is the native Wild Mint – Mentha arvensis. It also is common, having a circumboreal distribution, but still, not something I've come across every day. I had a request for it last year. Imagine my surprise when a couple of weeks ago, among the weeds around the picnic table, suddenly, there it was! I recognized it immediately because I had recently looked it up in Newcomb's Wildflower Guide, thinking I might scout around and try to find some. Its pale purple flowers grow in whorls on the square stem at the base of opposite leaves.
These chance discoveries are a reason I am careful in my weeding. My paths always offer up plentiful quantities of Joe Pye Weed, Anise Hyssop and White Baneberry, but the surprises are what makes the exercise worthwhile. A few years ago, the field that I am naturalizing threw up a White Turtlehead (Chelone glabra), its spikes of lovely white hooded flowers emerging above a sea of goldenrod. I collected some seed and left the rest to spread naturally. Each year, the field had a few more plants, and now there are more than I can count.
I emptied my birdfeeders a few days ago and left everyone to forage for themselves for a couple of weeks. I normally feed right through the summer, feeling that we as a species have removed so much in the way of other species' feeding grounds, replacing them with gardens of alien plants, pesticide-laced crops, invasive species and hard surfaces, that any help is more than warranted.
But there's a bird disease emerging in the Maritimes. It's called trichomonosis. The birds get an inflammation of the mouth and esophagus so they can't swallow their food, and they regurgitate it. Their feathers look matted and wet and they are lethargic. The culprit is a parasite, transmitted through the regurgitated seed. Sterilizing the feeders is a first step, dealing with possible contamination below the feeders is another.
The federal Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative advises that "in order to avoid facilitating the transmission of the disease during known outbreak of trichomonosis, it is suggested that you remove bird feeders and baths for at least two weeks to disperse birds and reduce the likelihood of transmission." We don't have a known outbreak here in Ontario but we should take this as a reminder of how important it is to keep the feeders clean. And it may only be a matter of time before the disease reaches us.
There's a new boss in town. Squirrels and chipmunks that had become so bold we almost tripped over them have faded discreetly away because we have a puppy. An energetic four-month Golden Labrador/Husky cross, a rescue from Attawapiskat on the James Bay coast. I have visited that community and like to think of Ami, as we have named him, as a link to the people there, whose efforts to work out a sustainable future in the face of government obstacles I fully support. Ami is delightful and energetic and learning not to pull plants out of pots and not to race across beds trampling seedlings.
Welcome Ami! Linda C. told us about you, says you are a cutie. I hope to meet you some day.
Be a good girl & stay out of that garden.!
love to read your information on plants, thanks for sharing your knowledge. And a warm welcome to Ami, I have a golden retriever puppy who loves to "harvest" the carrots in my garden.
My previous dog Clyde loved to dig up carrots and beets! Ami has shown a passing interest in beans - so I make sure I don't go near any edibles when he's around... He is being quite good at accepting the string boundaries as a barrier, because he could easily barrel through them.


Docket 20040359 (CLOSED) -- Application for authority to operate under fictitious name, Aqua Utilities Florida, Inc., by AquaSource Utility, Inc., holder of Certificates 268-S, 503-S, 585-W, 371-S, 441-W, and 424-W; Arredondo Utility Company, Inc., holder of Certificate Nos. 549-W and 479-S; Crystal River Utilities, Inc., holder of Certificate Nos. 441-S, 507-W, 510-S, 594-W, 396-W, 123-W, and 053-W; Jasmine Lakes Utilities Corporation, holder of Certificate Nos. 110-W and 083-S; Lake Suzy Utilities, Inc., holder of Certificate Nos. 514-S and 599-W; and Ocala Oaks Utilities, Inc., holder of Certificate No. 346-W.
Represents: AquaSource Utility, Inc. et al.
AquaSource Utility, Inc. et al.
Represented By: Rose Law Firm/Aqua America, Inc.
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Hyderabad-based aerospace company partners with Boeing - Indica news
Hyderabad-based aerospace company partners with Boeing
Biz August 2, 2021August 2, 2021 indica
An Indian aerospace firm from Hyderabad has announced that it has won a contract with the American aerospace giant Boeing to manufacture and supply precision components.
The company Raghu Vamsi manufactures highly critical parts and sub-assemblies for commercial airplanes, defense and space systems for international and domestic OEMs, announced Monday, August 2, that they will be setting up a facility dedicated to Boeing's requirements in Adibatla, Hyderabad with an initial investment of $15 million. The unit will employ more than 300 people over the next three years.
This manufacturing work will lead to the availability of a pool of skilled workforce in support of the growing aerospace and defense industry in Telangana.
"This is a significant milestone not just for Raghu Vamsi, but for the state of Telangana. The contract is a testimony to our precision manufacturing, consistent delivery, and first-time quality," said Vamsi Vikas Ganesula, Managing Director at Raghu Vamsi.
"This is an important step in our commitment to the Government of India's Aatmanirbhar Bharat vision. As a company with over seven decades of presence in India, Boeing is focused on supporting the development of aerospace and defense capabilities in India," said Ashwani Bhargava, Director, Supply Chain Management, Boeing India.
For over a decade, Raghu Vamsi has been dedicated to manufacturing and supplying high-end and high-quality precision parts to the A&D industry in India and abroad. The company has several strategic partnerships with world-class companies for its technological advances and business growth.
The Hyderabad-based company has been a significant contributor to the developing A&D ecosystem in Telangana and is poised to grow as India becomes a major global aerospace market.
It has been supplying to international and domestic A&D majors like GE Aviation, Honeywell, Rolls Royce, Collins Aerospace, Eaton, Halliburton, DRDO, BDL, HAL and ISRO for the last 15 years.
Chak De India! Women's hockey team storms into Olympic semis
Ola CEO disagrees with Elon Musk's opinion

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Q: Is normalizing the features always good for classification? I always read in books that when we do classification or machine learning tasks it's always better to normalize the features so to make them in one range like 0-1. Today I used weka to play with Iris dataset. First I just built a J48 classifier without normalizing the values, and the it made perfect performance. However when I normalized all the features to be in the range 0-1, the classifier made so much mistakes. Why is that? Shouldn't normalization be used always?

A: It depends on the algorithm. For some algorithms normalization has no effect. Generally, algorithms that work with distances tend to work better on normalized data but this doesn't mean the performance will always be higher after normalization.
Note that many algorithms have tuning parameters which you may need to change after normalization. What you are seeing may just be that the default parameter settings for J48 happened to work well for the unnormalized data.

A: If your attributes already have a meaningful and comparable scale then normalization can destroy important information.
Take e.g. data coming from a physical experiment. Coordinates are measure in x,y,z, each axis is in milimeters. Since the experiment is performed on a flat dish, x and y vary on the range of 0-100 (i.e. 10 centimeters), but the z axis only varies from 0-10 (i.e. a 1 cm high box).
Normalizing such data with greatly emphasize the z axis, which most likely is not supported by a physical interpretation of the results.
Key point of the story: understanding your data is essential.
Normalization is a hotfix if you don't understand the scales of your data.

A: Typically decision trees (for instance C4.5, implemented as J48 in Weka you used) are non parametric, that is they don't make any assumption regarding the distribution of the data. As long as the normalization doesn't change the ranks of the data (and I know of no normalization that does that), the results will be exactly the same (you will only get different splitting levels).
Of course this doesn't hold for algorithms making parametric assumptions (logistic regression, etc.) So you shouldn't always normalize, but you should decide to do it or not depending on your algorithm.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Maternal height associated with cesarean section. A cross-sectional study using the 2014–2015 national maternal-child health survey in Guatemala
Evelyn Roldán ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-9999-293X1,
Laura M Grajeda1 &
Wilton Pérez1
Socioeconomic status is associated with cesarean section (CS). Maternal height, however, may be another related factor to CS. In Guatemala, a quarter of women between 15 and 49 years of age are shorter than 145 cm. Therefore, this study aims to examine the association of maternal height with cesarean section in Guatemala.
We carried out a secondary analysis study using data from the 2014–15 Guatemalan national maternal and child health survey—9542 mothers aged 15–49 and 12,426 live births were analyzed. We obtained the prevalence ratio of the association between maternal height and CS based on three Poisson regression models. One model included all live births, another the first live birth, and a third model the last live birth. For each model, we accounted for covariates and sampling design.
The national prevalence of CS was 26.3% (95%CI: 25.0, 27.7). The adjusted prevalence ratio of CS, including all live births, was 1.63 (95%CI: 1.37, 1.94) more likely in mothers shorter than 145 cm compared with those equal or greater than 170 cm. This figure was 1.45 (95%CI: 1.19, 1.76) in the model with the first live birth. In the model with the last birth, maternal height was not associated with CS after accounting for previous CS as one of the covariates.
Prevalence of CS in this setting was high and above international recommendations. Further, very short mothers were more likely to experience CS compared to taller mothers after accounting for covariates, except when a previous CS was present. Maternal height should be included in clinical assessments during prenatal care.
Global health policy focuses on measurable improvements in maternal-child health outcomes. The past millennium development goals 1990–2015, for instance, included maternal mortality as a target. Subsequently, the sustainable development goals (SDG) suggested reducing the mortality rate to less than 70 per 100000 live births by 2015–2030 —implying an average annual decline of at least 7.5% [1]. However, in low- and middle- income countries (LMIC), attaining the SDG 3.1 is a challenge. In Guatemala, for example, the maternal mortality ratio decreased from 205 to 88 per 100000 live births, resulting in an average annual decline of 3.5% during 1990–2015 [1, 2]. Achieving universal and equitable coverage of life-saving interventions is imperative to improve maternal health and meet the SDG 3.1 [2]. In that regard, a properly indicated cesarean section (CS) is a maternal and offspring life-saving intervention implemented in most settings [3]. An ecological study –among 172 WHO member states– found an inverse correlation between country-level prevalence CS in live births and maternal and neonatal mortality [4].
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a prevalence of CS between 10 and 15% [5]. Although a low prevalence (< 10%) suggests inadequate access to this surgical procedure, a high prevalence (> 19%) has not shown improvements in perinatal outcomes [4]. A high prevalence of CS may indicate an overuse, and it is associated with adverse health effects for the mother and offspring [6, 7]—especially in settings with poor quality health care facilities [8].
In LMIC, the use of CS is growing and surpassing the WHO recommendation [5]. In a multicountry study, 18.6% of live births were by CS [9]. What is more, the global average rate of CS rose from 6.7 to 19.1% with an annual rate of increase of 4.4% between 1990 and 2014, where the Latin America and the Caribbean region registered highest absolute rate (19.4%) [9].
Previous studies reported medical and socioeconomic factors associated with CS. The medical factors may be determined by maternal, obstetric and fetal categories [8,9,10]. However, non-medical factors may be associated to CS. For instance, studies have found an association between increasing CS rate and socio-economic status [10, 11] and cultural factors [12, 13]. Another under-studied determinant in LMIC associated with CS is maternal height. Previous research has shown an association between short maternal height and adverse health effects at the time of delivery through labor complications [14,15,16]. Further, maternal height has been studied as an indicator of economic status and health [17,18,19]. Shorter women are more likely to experience poverty and social inequalities in access to health care throughout life than taller women [17]. Noteworthily, lower adult height has indicated poor nutritional and social childhood living conditions [20].
A few studies in European and African settings have analyzed the association between maternal height and CS [21, 22]. However, to the best of our knowledge, in Latin America, limited evidence exists on the study of maternal height and cesarean section in a large representative sample. In Guatemala, the mean women's height is 149.4 cm, the lowest figure worldwide, which contrasts to that reported in countries with taller women (168 cm mean) [23]. Therefore, we conducted secondary data analysis to examine the independent association between CS in live births and maternal height accounted for socioeconomic factors.
Study population and design
This study is a secondary data analysis based on a cross-sectional design. Data were gathered through the national demographic health survey (DHS) named VI Maternal and Child Survey of Guatemala 2014–2015 (http://www.dhsprogram.com/). The study population were women from 15 to 49 years of age who gave live births in the last 5 years before the survey. The participation rate was 97%. The analytical dataset of this study was constituted of 9542 mothers with complete information on height and type of delivery, which resulted in 12426 live births (Fig. 1).
Flow chart of observations used for the analysis, Guatemala 2014–2015
The sampling procedure is described elsewhere [24]. In brief, the survey used a stratified, two-stage cluster design. In the first stage, clusters were systematically selected with probability proportional to size. Then, in the second stage, households were systematically randomly selected. Each cluster had a mean of 26 households. All women aged 15–49 were interviewed in the selected household.
The 2014–2015 Guatemala DHS measured maternal height in centimeters. To ensure the quality of the body height measurements, trained examiners were standardized using the Habicht method [24, 25]. We adopted the height cut-offs by Arent and colleagues [21]: very short (< 145.0 cm), short (145.0–149.9 cm), short-average (150.0–154.9 cm), average (155.0–159.9 cm), average-tall (160.0–169.9 cm) and tall (≥ 170.0 cm). Type of delivery for each birth was reported by the mother, using the following question: "Was the birth of (name), by cesarean section, that is, did they have to cut your belly to get the baby out? (Yes/No)". For our analysis, the maternal height and CS were the independent and dependent variables, respectively.
We included covariates such as maternal age in years at childbirth (< 19, 20–29, 30–39, 40+), ethnicity (indigenous, nonindigenous), maternal education (no education, primary, secondary, higher), place of residence (urban, rural), prenatal visits (< 4, 4+), place of birth (public, private, home), skilled birth attendant (yes, no), multiple birth (yes, no), birth order (1, 2–3, 4+), and previous CS (yes, no). The Guatemala DHS computed household wealth index applying principal component analysis (PCA) on all household assets (e.g., TV, radio, mobile) and housing conditions (e.g., type of water, sanitation, wall, floor). Then, the Guatemala DHS categorized the household wealth index in quintiles as poorest, poorer, middle, richer and richest.
We calculated the prevalence of CS with its respective 95% confidence interval. To assess the association between maternal height and CS, we conducted multivariable Poisson regression models. The Poisson model allowed obtaining the adjusted prevalence ratio, recommended for binary outcomes with a prevalence greater than 10% [26]. Three Poisson models were analyzed. The first model included all live births, the second model included the first live birth and the third model the last live birth. We added a covariate into the regression model when the bivariate association with CS showed a p-value < 0.2 in the chi-square test [27]. We assessed the interaction between maternal height and covariates in each model using the "testparm" command. To facilitate interpretation, we dichotomized the maternal height (< 145 cm, ≤ 145 cm) for the interaction analysis. We found significant interaction (p-value < 0.05) with ethnicity for the model that included the first live birth. We reported the prevalence ratio, with its respective 95% confidence interval in the models. We did not include the place of birth in the first model as CS was not reported in at home births. A p-value < 0.05 was significant. The "svyset" commands were used to account for the complex sampling design. We found no evidence of multicollinearity in all models (VIF < 10). The analysis was done in Stata 14.2 (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX).
Ethical considerations
This study was a secondary data analysis using public dataset (www.dhsmeasure.com). We obtained consent from The DHS Program to use the dataset. Furthermore, we obtained ethical approval by the Institutional Review Boards at Universidad del Valle in Guatemala with the reference number 188–01-2019. Finally, for this analysis, the dataset is anonymous.
Figure 2 shows the distribution of maternal height categories. The mean (standard deviation) maternal height was 148.8 cm (6.17), and 25.4% were shorter than 145 cm. Table 1 shows that 58.7% of the deliveries occurred in mothers aged 20–29 and 51.3% in nonindigenous mothers. In half of the births, mothers had only primary education, and half the mothers were in the first (poorest) or second (poorer) wealth index quintile. Almost, two-thirds of live births were in rural areas, and 15.6% were home deliveries. Skilled birth personnel attended 65.4% deliveries, 85% of births had four or more prenatal visits, and 18.3% of mothers reported a previous CS.
Distribution of women's height, Guatemala 2014–2018
Table 1 Background characteristics of mothers and bivariate association between covariates and CS, Guatemala 2014–2015
Maternal and cesarean section association
The national prevalence of CS was 26.3% (95%CI: 25.0, 27.7). Among the first births and last births, the prevalence of CS was 36.1 (95%CI: 34.2, 38.0) and 29.3 (95%CI: 27.9, 30.6) respectively. All covariates were associated with CS with a p-value < 0.2, and therefore considered for the modeling (Table 2). Table 2 shows the adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) for the three models. For model 1 (all live births), the aPR of CS was 1.63 (95%CI: 1.37, 1.94) in very short mothers (< 145 cm) compared to taller (≥ 170 cm). In model 2 (first birth) this figure was 1.45 (95%CI: 1.19, 1.76), and in model 3 for the last birth, this association was not significant after accounting for previous CS which had an aPR of 11.75 (95%CI: 9.93, 13.91). Table 3 shows the interaction analysis in all first live birth. The aPR was significantly higher among shorter mothers (< 145 cm) than taller (≥ 145 cm) in indigenous and nonindigenous. Taller indigenous were less likely to experience cesarean section than taller nonindigenous.
Table 2 Unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratio modeling for the first and last birth, Guatemala 2014–2015
Table 3 Cesarean section prevalence ratio in relation to ethnicity and maternal height for the first live birth, Guatemala 2014–2015
In both model 1 and model 2, mothers over 30 were more likely to have a CS compared to the other younger age groups of mothers. However, in the model with the last birth, CS was significantly higher in mothers aged 30–39 compared to mothers under 19. By socioeconomic status, CS was most likely in mothers in the richest quintile compared to those in the poorest quintile. Regarding ethnicity, indigenous mothers had less chance than nonindigenous of CS, although, in model 2, it was not significant. In the model of all live births, multiple births had 2.7 more chance of CS than single births. Those births of higher-order were more likely to experience a CS compared to a birth of first order. (Additional File 1).
This large representative national study included live birth deliveries from mothers of reproductive age, examined the frequency of cesarean sections and its relationship with maternal height. We found a prevalence of cesarean section above the WHO recommendation. Lower maternal height independently associated to cesarean section, except when the model accounted for previous cesarean delivery.
Our findings show that the prevalence of CS is increasing in Guatemala. In 2002, the national prevalence of CS was 11.2%, less than half of the reported in this study (26.3%) [24]. This finding is in line with previous studies from low-income settings where vaginal delivery is becoming a less utilized mode of delivery and CS is becoming more common [28]. Notably, the evidence has shown no further health benefits for the mother and offspring with a prevalence of CS above 19%, and thus, overuse of this surgery may be occurring [4]. A Guatemalan study carried out from 2010 to 2016 included more 30000 deliveries and reported that out of the 18% CS only 10% were for life-saving indications [29].
The association between maternal height and CS analyzing all live births and the first birth was consistent with the findings of a study in sub-Saharan Africa settings, where mothers whose height was less than 145 cm had twice the probability of CS compared to mothers with a height of 145 cm or above [21]. An explanation is that maternal height may represent an obstetric risk during delivery. Mothers of very short (< 145 cm) stature have elevated risk of labor obstruction attributable to cephalopelvic disproportion [14,15,16, 30].
Another potential factor that contributes to the association between short maternal stature and cesarean is the nutritional status. In Brazil, shorter women were more likely to be overweight or obese than those taller [19], and excess weight has been found to increase CS [31]. Furthermore, a systematic review showed increased odds of newborns with large size for gestational age, higher birth weight and macrosomia in offspring whose mothers were overweight/obese before pregnancy than in those whose mothers' weight was normal [32]. Thus, overweight and obesity previous to or during pregnancy in short/very short mothers may prolong labor and therefore indicate a CS [33]. The former has public health implications in Guatemala as overweight and obesity in 2014 affected 85% of women aged 15–49 [34] and half of the non-pregnant women with the intention to conceive [35].
Maternal height has been studied as a socioeconomic indicator for social and health inequalities [20]. Short mothers are more likely to experience barriers to access to high-quality health care services [36]. In our study sample, the percentage of very short mothers (< 145 cm) was higher in rural, primary/non-educated, poorer/poorest and indigenous compared to their counterparts (Additional file 2). The lower socioeconomic position of women reduces access to health and reproductive health-seeking behavior [36, 37]. Therefore, mothers with short/very short height may have experienced socioeconomic, physical and cultural barriers to access to delivery facilities. The delay for seeking healthcare may motivate medical staff to recommend a CS to prevent adverse maternal and offspring outcomes during labor [37]. However, further studies are needed to document the extent of the association between healthcare-seeking delay for delivery and CS.
For the last birth model, after accounting for previous CS, the association between maternal height and CS was not significant. In our study, 68.4% of CS (data not shown) reported in the most recent singleton birth were performed on mothers who had had a previous cesarean delivery. The lack of association reported in this study was not a surprise, as, in many settings, CS is indicated when the mother has had a previous CS [38, 39].
We found 15.6% of births were home deliveries. Among these deliveries, 36.9% were from very short mothers, as compared to 10.6% in taller mothers. Further, a higher proportion of mothers were indigenous (75.0%) in this group of home deliveries. According to a 2013 survey by Salud Mesoamerica Initiative (SMI), Guatemalan indigenous women were less likely to have an institutional delivery compared to nonindigenous [40]. SMI also found that partial and complete prenatal care was associated with higher odds of in-facility delivery compared to those who did not receive any prenatal care [41]. We found that complete prenatal care (4 or more visits) was higher in taller mothers compared to very short—although it was not significant (Additional file 2). Therefore, further research is needed to analyze the social circumstances experienced by very short mothers delivering at home and the health maternal and offspring outcomes.
Strengths and limitations
This study has strengths and limitations. One strength is the large sample with national representation. The participation rate was 97%, which reduces the potential for selection bias. The proportion of missing information was very low (< 0.5%).
There is a potential to recall bias in terms of self-reporting of CS as reported elsewhere [42]. We try to overcome this issue by constraining our analysis using the first and last birth. There are several variables related to CS not collected during the survey due to the cross-sectional design. For instance, gestational age at the time of delivery, information regarding whether the CS was an elective or emergency procedure, maternal nutrition during pregnancy (e.g., obesity), onset of labor, cephalic circumference and fetal presentation. As we used the data from a cross-sectional survey, we only reported the association between maternal height and CS without assuming a causal relationship.
In Guatemala, the prevalence of CS deliveries is high and above international recommendations. Besides, CS was used more frequently in very short mothers. However, this association lost significance when previous CS was accounted for. One implication from our findings is that the health system needs to explore the reasons for this association and the social circumstances experienced by the mother.
Furthermore, our study findings reinforce -indirectly- the importance of implementing comprehensive and cost-effective health and nutrition intervention policies as short adult height represents the accumulated effect of social, health and nutrition deprivations across generations [43,44,45,46].
Requests for the data must be made to The DHS Program at https://dhsprogram.com.
95% CI:
CS:
DHS:
Demographic Health Survey
LMIC:
Low- and middle-income countries
SDG:
SMI:
Salud Mesoamerica Initiative
VIF:
Variance inflation factor
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Mogren I, Lindqvist M, Petersson K, Nilses C, Small R, Granåsen G, et al. Maternal height and risk of caesarean section in singleton births in Sweden—a population-based study using data from the swedish pregnancy register 2011 to 2016. PLoS One. 2018;13:e0198124.
NCD Risk Factor Collaboration. A century of trends in adult human height; 2016. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.13410.
MSPAS. VI Encuesta Nacional de Salud Materno Infantil 2014–2015 (ENSMI); 2014. https://www.ine.gob.gt/images/2017/encuestas/ensmi2014_2015.pdf. Accessed 10 Oct 2018.
Habitcht JP. Standardization of quantitative epidemiological methods in the field. Reimpreso del Boletin de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana. 1974; http://iris.paho.org/xmlui/handle/123456789/10766. Accessed 18 Jul 2019.
Martinez BAF, Leotti VB, de S e SG, Nunes LN, Machado G, Corbellini LG. Odds ratio or prevalence ratio? An overview of reported statistical methods and appropriateness of interpretations in cross-sectional studies with dichotomous outcomes in veterinary medicine. Front Vet Sci. 2017;4:193.
Maldonado G, Greenland S. Simulation study of confounder-selection strategies. Am J Epidemiol. 1993;138:923–36.
Harrison MS, Pasha O, Saleem S, Ali S, Chomba E, Carlo WA, et al. A prospective study of maternal, fetal and neonatal outcomes in the setting of cesarean section in low- and middle-income countries. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2017;96:410–20.
Belizán JM, Minckas N, McClure EM, Saleem S, Moore JL, Goudar SS, et al. An approach to identify a minimum and rational proportion of caesarean sections in resource-poor settings: a global network study. Lancet Glob Health. 2018;6:e894–901.
Bohlmann MK, Luedders DW, Beyer D, Kavallaris A, Baumann K, Diedrich K, et al. Nulliparous patients with small stature delivering at term have an increased risk of secondary cesarean section. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2010;282:241–4.
Poobalan AS, Aucott LS, Gurung T, Smith WCS, Bhattacharya S. Obesity as an independent risk factor for elective and emergency caesarean delivery in nulliparous women - systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Obes Rev. 2009;10:28–35.
Yu Z, Han S, Zhu J, Sun X, Ji C, Guo X. Pre-pregnancy body mass index in relation to infant birth weight and offspring overweight/obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2013;8:e61627.
Chu SY, Kim SY, Schmid CH, Dietz PM, Callaghan WM, Lau J, et al. Maternal obesity and risk of cesarean delivery: a meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2007;8:385–94.
Mazariegos M, Kroker-Lobos MF, Ramírez-Zea M. Socio-economic and ethnic disparities of malnutrition in all its forms in Guatemala. Public Health Nutr. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980019002738.
Hambidge KM, Krebs NF, Garcés A, Westcott JE, Figueroa L, Goudar SS, et al. Anthropometric indices for non-pregnant women of childbearing age differ widely among four low-middle income populations. BMC Public Health. 2018;18:45.
Ishida K, Stupp P, Turcios-Ruiz R, William DB, Espinoza E. Ethnic inequality in Guatemalan Women's use of modern reproductive health care. Int Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2012;38:99–108.
Akter S, Davies K, Rich JL, Inder KJ. Indigenous women's access to maternal healthcare services in lower- and middle-income countries: a systematic integrative review. Int J Public Health. 2019;64:343–53.
Getahun D, Oyelese Y, Salihu HM, Ananth CV. Previous cesarean delivery and risks of placenta Previa and placental abruption. Obstet Gynecol. 2006;107:771–8.
Ananth CV, Smulian JC, Vintzileos AM. The association of placenta previa with history of cesarean delivery and abortion: a metaanalysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997;177:1071–8.
Colombara DV, Hernández B, Schaefer A, Zyznieuski N, Bryant MF, Desai SS, et al. Institutional delivery and satisfaction among indigenous and poor women in Guatemala, Mexico, and Panama. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0154388.
McNellan CR, Dansereau E, Wallace MCG, Colombara DV, Palmisano EB, Johanns CK, et al. Antenatal care as a means to increase participation in the continuum of maternal and child healthcare: an analysis of the poorest regions of four Mesoamérican countries. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019;19:66.
Stanton CK, Dubourg D, De Brouwere V, Pujades M, Ronsmans C. Reliability of data on caesarean sections in developing countries. Bull World Health Organ. 2005;83:449–55.
Stein AD, Barnhart HX, Wang M, Hoshen MB, Ologoudou K, Ramakrishnan U, et al. Comparison of linear growth patterns in the first three years of life across two generations in Guatemala. Pediatrics. 2004;113:e270–5.
Imdad A, Sadiq K, Bhutta ZA. Evidence-based prevention of childhood malnutrition. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2011;14:276–85.
Ramakrishnan U, Martorell R, Schroeder DG, Flores R. Role of intergenerational effects on linear growth. J Nutr. 1999;129:544S–9S.
Perkins JM, Subramanian SV, Davey Smith G, Özaltin E. Adult height, nutrition, and population health. Nutr Rev. 2016;74:149–65.
We thank The DHS Program for granting us access to analyze data on maternal and child health in Guatemala.
This study was not funded.
Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, 18 Avenida 11-95 Zona 15 Vista Hermosa III, 01015, Guatemala, Guatemala
Evelyn Roldán, Laura M Grajeda & Wilton Pérez
Evelyn Roldán
Laura M Grajeda
Wilton Pérez
WP conceived the article. ER prepared the initial draft of the manuscript and carried out the statistical analyses. WP and LG interpreted and edited. The authors read and approved the manuscript.
Correspondence to Evelyn Roldán.
The secondary data analysis received ethical approval from the Institutional Review Boards at Universidad del Valle in Guatemala with reference number 188–01-2019. Procedures and questionnaires for standard DHS surveys were reviewed and approved by the ICF Institutional Review Board (IRB). Additionally, country-specific DHS survey protocols were reviewed by the ICF IRB and typically by an IRB in the host country.
Adjusted prevalence ratio for the three models.
Live birth distribution by maternal height and social and obstetric characteristics.
Roldán, E., Grajeda, L. & Pérez, W. Maternal height associated with cesarean section. A cross-sectional study using the 2014–2015 national maternal-child health survey in Guatemala. Int J Equity Health 19, 95 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-020-01182-8
Inequities in health and health systems in Latin America and the Caribbean


Along with the standard water, electric and / or gas meter, I propose that every home should have a scale for determining the weight of its contents.
This could be fairly easily implemented in new construction, and retrofitted at a cost, using strain gauges / load cells. Vertical apartments could subtract the weight of apartments above them.
Simply a gauge/meter which displays the home's actual weight above the foundation. Could be logged by a PC, or just displayed on a readout in the home. Alarms could be triggered when you have accumulated too much stuff!
Anyone have a notion of the weight of an typical house / apartment / flat ? I'm too tired research that tonight!
Similar techniques could be used on vehicles, storage units, and practically anywhere stuff collects!
my home contents insurance is due - I'm wondering if this would affect the cost. also, worrying that my council tax might be inflated by the amount of stuff I have acquired over the years.
It would be a very dedicated insurance company that attempted to calculate the value of your belongings against how much a thief could carry or pack into a van.
I once proposed this as a method for determining if cars had been booby trapped... ie fit them with weight monitoring devices. It was at a time when under car booby-trap bombs were being used frequently to kill members of the security forces where I live.
for [xenzag]---yes the Dollar Trees are coming to a town near you, but you were in Chelsea, Ma and didn't call me? I'm an hour or so away from there!
Just think.... we could have fought over who would get the last Chuck E. Cheese's Play Food Set, currently tipping the scales into overload in my studio room.
Why didn't I think of this! I suffer from packratitis that my parent's both have (my mom's case is more severe).
okay, I was tired last night. [+] to this idea becasue it would intresting to know exactly how much your house weighed. I imagine looking at the numerical readout when I have a party, and seeing how many people are there.
"Hey I need at least 300 lbs of you guys to leave right now!, And who left 2 lbs in the bathroom?"
I suppose there should be a "tare" function, in order to subtract out the current weight, and just display the difference since you last measured.
Added a couple of [links].
My sympathies, [csea], my mother has a similar affliction. Oh, and she collects stray dogs as well.


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POMPANO BEACH, Fla., April 10, 2018 (SEND2PRESS NEWSWIRE) — FL Limoride (http://fllimoride.com) is a new, yet experienced, limo service covering Fort Lauderdale and the South Florida area – offering bespoke service packages. This combination of a new business model with experienced chauffeurs makes it one to watch and a quickly expanding and growing business.
The company launched early in 2018 to meet a growing need for a new type of limo service in the Fort Lauderdale area. It's already making a big name for itself because of its unique service.
Increasingly, limo users were being forced into a particular category, which fed through to every aspect of their experience, from their generic quote to their generic service. FL Limoride has been launched to put the customer experience back at the heart of the limo service industry in South Florida.
FL Limoride has brought together some of the most highly experienced chauffeurs, an exceptional fleet, and a new approach to business. Based in Pompano Beach, they cover the entire South Florida and Atlantic Coast region including Fort Lauderdale, Miami, all airports, ports, and beaches.
With five carefully selected and individually excellent vehicles making up their fleet (http://fllimoride.com/our-fleet/), they are able to customize the customer experience in a way most other limo companies can't. This means that if you need a family airport transfer, a corporate business event or a prom limo you won't simply experience the same service. Rather, you will get the right vehicle, the right chauffeur and the right price for exactly your needs. This tailoring process puts the customer at the heart of the experience.
Bespoke limo packages are available whatever your needs including: bachelorette and bachelor parties; airport transfers; seaport transfers; party rides for Sweet Sixteen, Proms and other events; corporate and business transfers and travel arrangements; and adventure expeditions and tourist trips. The customized approach enables immensely competitive prices for the exact limo service you actually require. This is a limo company that recognizes the different needs and expectations of different clients.
The FL Limoride reliable service is made possible by combining a customer-orientated business approach with highly experienced local chauffeurs. The vetted drivers appreciate the importance of a punctual service tailored to the specific client. Their professional 'meet and greet' service is second to none and they are knowledgeable on all local routes. All this is offered within 24-7 operating hours, ensuring the customer doesn't need to compromise.
There's no doubting that FL Limoride is a quickly expanding and growing business. To find out for yourself about their bespoke limo packages call them on 954-715-7444 or fill in the contact form here: http://fllimoride.com/contact-us/.
"We focus on the customer. Whereas other limo services try to make their customer fit a particular package, we make the package unique to our customer," says Tina Colna, Head of Marketing at FL Limoride.
FL Limoride is a new, yet experienced, limo service covering Fort Lauderdale and the South Florida area - offering bespoke service packages. This combination of a new business model with experienced chauffeurs makes it one to watch and a quickly expanding and growing business.


Sprouts Farmers Market has appointed Rick Kaiser as senior vice president of operations and Joe Dobrow as vice president of marketing. Kaiser, who has spent 32 years in retail, most recently was senior vice president of operations at Raley's Supermarket.
Phoenix, Ariz. — Sprouts Farmers Market here has appointed Rick Kaiser as senior vice president of operations and Joe Dobrow as vice president of marketing. Kaiser, who has spent 32 years in retail, most recently was senior vice president of operations at Raley's Supermarket.


text:
Featured Justia Resources: Social Security and Retirement Planning Center
Kara Simon and Chris Skelton
Did you know that Justia offers numerous free resources to make the law more accessible and help people better understand the foundations of a variety of legal areas? In this post, you can learn more about the information available in Justia's Social Security and Retirement Planning Center.
Among the many free resources that Justia provides to the public are Justia Legal Guides on dozens of diverse practice areas. In a series of posts, we will continue to explain how each of these guides may be used to understand the laws and procedures in a certain area of law.
This month marks the 87th anniversary of the Social Security Act, signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on August 14, 1935. The Social Security Act created a federal benefits program to address economic insecurity for elderly people and people with disabilities. Before 1935, elderly people relied upon largely inadequate economic security programs such as company pension programs, which were scarce, and state old-age pension programs, which were restrictive and ineffective. It is estimated that around this time, over half of all elderly people in America could not support themselves. The changes that the country was experiencing, including industrialization, urbanization, an increase in life expectancy, and the economic crisis of the Great Depression, highlighted the need for a more effective system.
Registration for the Social Security program began in November 1936, and over one million workers obtained Social Security numbers within the first eight days. Since then, many amendments have been made to the Act with the goal of making the program more helpful and accessible. In the 1950s and 1960s, the Social Security Act was amended to provide benefits for workers with disabilities and their dependents. Medicare was added in 1965.
People seeking to understand more about the benefits available to them today under the Social Security Act and other ways to effectively support themselves in retirement may find Justia's Social Security and Retirement Planning Center helpful. Its content covers Social Security benefits, Medicare and Medicaid, and planning for retirement.
As explained in Justia's Social Security and Retirement Planning Center, the Social Security Administration offers four main types of benefits: retirement benefits, disability benefits, benefits for dependents, and benefits for survivors. Most people probably think of retirement benefits when they think of Social Security. People are eligible for retirement benefits through Social Security if they have worked for at least 10 years in the private sector and are at least 62 years old. As Justia's page on when to claim Social Security benefits explains, people may start collecting retirement benefits at age 62, but they will receive a lesser benefit per month than if they wait until full retirement age at age 66 or 67. The page also notes factors to consider when deciding when to claim these benefits. For example, it may sometimes be advantageous for married couples to claim Social Security retirement benefits at different times.
The Social Security Administration also offers disability benefits and benefits for dependents and survivors. Disability benefits are available for people who have not reached full retirement age but who have worked in the private sector for a certain amount of time and who have a disability that meets the Administration's requirements. Even if someone's disability does not meet the criteria for a specific entry in the Administration's listing of impairments, they may be eligible if they can show that their disability prevents them from working in any job. Spouses and children of people who qualify for disability or retirement benefits may also be eligible for dependent or survivors benefits.
Importantly, as Justia's page on Social Security benefits points out, applicants cannot receive retroactive Social Security benefits. Therefore, the Administration allows people to apply for benefits up to three months before they will become eligible. Justia's page also reminds readers to apply for Medicare coverage three months before turning 65, since there is no advantage to waiting to claim Medicare benefits.
Some Social Security claims that are initially denied are eventually granted during the appeals process. In addition to outlining the steps in an appeal and the necessary forms and other documents, the Justia page on this topic notes that the benefit for which the claimant applied may affect the likelihood of success on appeal. For example, almost half of disability benefit denials are reversed on appeal because the eligibility standard is more complex and subjective than for retirement benefits.
The Social Security and Retirement Planning Center also contains information about Medicare and Medicaid. Medicare is a program that helps aging Americans with their health care costs. Anyone eligible for Social Security benefits is generally also eligible for Medicare coverage at age 65. Younger people may also be eligible if they receive Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) or if they suffer from permanent kidney failure. Medicaid, on the other hand, helps those with low income and assets afford health care. A person could potentially be eligible for both Medicare and Medicaid, but Medicaid eligibility varies by state.
People eligible for Medicaid may wonder if Medicaid would cover nursing home or assisted living costs. As Justia's page on the topic explains, the federal government requires every state to cover nursing home care and home health care costs for those who qualify for nursing home care, but assisted living facilities, housekeeping assistants, live-in nurses, and home health aides might not be covered. Additionally, not every nursing home or assisted living facility accepts Medicaid. The page explains how people might establish eligibility and receive Medicaid coverage for these costs.
Finally, the retirement planning section of Justia's Social Security and Retirement Planning Center contains information about investing, saving, and budgeting for retirement, as well as the laws that may affect retirement planning.
For example, many people plan to make charitable contributions in retirement. Potential donors should consider not only whether they can afford to donate cash or assets, but also whether their donation may qualify for a tax deduction and how they may properly claim that deduction. Cash donations to qualified charities are fully deductible so long as the donor does not receive anything of value in exchange. A donor must have a record of their donation and in some cases must have a written acknowledgment from the organization to claim a tax deduction. Property donations involve more complex rules, but they can benefit both the donor and the charitable organization so long as these rules are followed.
People may also consider how their family members will access their retirement benefits if they pass away or become incapacitated. In addition to keeping clear records of all available accounts, plans, or benefits, people should ensure that they have correctly named their intended beneficiaries. For instance, divorce does not always terminate an ex-spouse's rights to certain retirement benefits, so it may be best to have an ex-spouse waive their right to these benefits in writing.
The Social Security and Retirement Planning Center helps readers understand the benefits that may be available to support their loved ones and them, as well as the legal and practical considerations to take into account while planning for retirement. Although it may help to consult a lawyer for specific needs, the Social Security and Retirement Planning Center serves as a useful starting point. Like the rest of the Justia Legal Guides, this resource helps make the law transparent and accessible to all.
Featured Justia Resources: Products Liability Center
Featured Justia Resources: Intellectual Property Center
Featured Justia Resources: Maritime Law Center
Categories: Justia Free Resources
Tagged: Justia Legal Guides, Retirement Planning, Social Security Law
Kara Simon
Kara creates and edits content for the Justia Portal as a member of the Editorial Team. She earned her JD from Loyola University Chicago and is licensed to practice law in Illinois. Before joining the team at Justia, Kara worked as a litigation attorney in the Windy City.
Chris Skelton
As a member of the Editorial Team, Chris creates and updates content across the Justia Portal. He received his BA and JD from Stanford University, after which he received a license to practice law in California. Chris closely follows many professional and college sports, and he is a passionate fan of the Oregon Ducks.
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Panning a romantic lunch or dinner! St Kilda is the perfect location with it's eclectic restaurants, trendy locals, and beachside ambience. Popular St Kilda precincts, Fitzroy Street, Acland Street, Inkerman Street, Jacka Boulevard, The Esplanade & St Kilda Beach, a short trip from Melbourne's CBD. Public transport services are readily available from the City and surrounding bayside suburbs.


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Q: How to insert 3.5k ints to array in Oracle DB I have custom type:
create or replace type integer_varray as varray (4000) of int;

Then table which uses this array:
create table plan_capacities
(
  id       int generated by default as identity not null constraint plan_capacities_pkey primary key,
  line_id  int references lines (id) on delete cascade,
  model_id int references models (id) on delete cascade,
  plan_id  int references plans (id) on delete cascade,
  capacity integer_varray
);

And then some data I would like to insert in. The problem is that in Oracle I can't use more than 1000 items (I have 3 500 items) in the array "constructor" so simple statement
INSERT INTO plan_capacities ("model_id", "line_id", "plan_id", "capacity") VALUES (1,1,1,integer_varray(1,2,3.....35000))

Is not possible to use. (data are some capacities and the have to be in the specific order).
Data that should be inserted into array are in a string I have to put into script. -> {1,10,11,10,20,0,0,0,1,10 ....}
How can I insert that load of data?
I tried to insert them into temp table and then filling array with them - this works but that sql script has 3500 rows (to create just one records to plan_capacities) which is awful and big.

A: You can use your array as a table to insert its values into a table with a single SQL statement; for example:
declare
    vArray integer_varray;
begin
    -- some code to populate vArray

    insert into someTable(col)
    select column_value from table(vArray);
end;

If you can populate your array with a query, you don't need the array, simply using your query as a data source for the insert statement; for example:
insert into someTable(col)
select something
from someOtherTable

If you need a way to create a set of numbers, say 1, 2, ... 3500, this is a commonly used way:
select level
from dual
connect by level <= 3500

About a way to build a set of numbers from a string, this is a quite usual way:
SQL> create or replace type integer_varray as varray (4000) of int
  2  /

Type created.

SQL> create table someTable(n number);

Table created.

SQL> declare
  2      vString     varchar2(32000) := '1,10,11,10,20,0,0,0,1,10';
  3      vArray      integer_varray;
  4  begin
  5      insert into someTable(n)
  6      select to_number(regexp_substr(vString, '[^,]+', 1, level))
  7      from dual
  8      connect by instr(vString, ',', 1, level - 1) > 0;
  9  end;
 10  /

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> select * from someTable;

         N
----------
         1
        10
        11
        10
        20
         0
         0
         0
         1
        10

10 rows selected.

SQL>

A: So my final solution is following:
create or replace type integer_varray as varray (4000) of int;
/

create or replace type varchar_varray as varray (10) of varchar(32767);
/

declare
  data_to_be_stored varchar_varray := varchar_varray(
    '0,0,0,0,.....',
    '0,0,0,0,0,0....',
    '0,0,0,0,0,0....'
  );
  array_to_store    integer_varray := integer_varray();
begin
  for i in 1 .. data_to_be_stored.COUNT loop
    for j in (select to_number(trim(regexp_substr(data_to_be_stored(i), '[^,]+', 1, LEVEL))) value
              from dual
              connect by LEVEL <= regexp_count(data_to_be_stored(i), ',') + 1
    ) loop
      array_to_store.extend;
      array_to_store(array_to_store.count) := j.value;
    end loop;
  end loop;
  insert into table_with_that_array (array) values (array_to_store);
end;
\

I had to you use varchar_varraybecause my data/strings are bigger than max capacity of varchar2so I split it into multiple strings in array.


text:
CDRLabs.com
HDD/SDD
DVD Writers
Millenniata Celebrates Completion Of 25GB M-DISC Blu-ray
U.S.-based Millenniata today announced the completion of its new 25GB M-DISC Blu-ray, with mass production to begin in early August 2013.
RITEK Corporation, the leading manufacturer of optical storage media in the world, will begin production of the new M-DISC Blu-ray as part of its manufacturing agreement with Millenniata. Imation and RITEK will distribute and market the M-DISC Blu-ray through their established distribution and reseller channels. Imation will distribute under the TDK, Memorex and Imation brands, and RITEK will distribute under the RITEK, Ridata and Traxdata brands.
With the addition of the new 25GB M-DISC Blu-ray to its products, Millenniata has significantly expanded the breadth of the market addressed by its permanent data storage solution, greatly increasing the storage capacity, ease-of-access and usability of the M-DISC. The M-DISC Blu-ray offers five times the storage capacity of the standard 4.7GB M-DISC DVD, and is writable and readable on any Blu-ray drive – an enormous step for Millenniata and the convenience of this permanent storage technology.
One-Blue Sues Imation Over Blu-ray Patents
One-Blue, LLC, the one-stop shop for patent licenses from the leading providers of Blu-ray Disc technology, today announced that One-Blue and certain One-Blue patent owners have filed suit against Imation Corp. for infringing patents essential to manufacture Blu-ray Disc products.
The complaint, filed in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware, asserts that Imation Corp., a seller of Blu-ray Disc products under the Imation, TDK and Memorex brands, has infringed six (6) U.S. patents: 7,290,272; 7,389,520; 7,292,509; 7,123,567; 7,349,309; and 7,158,472. These patents are included in the portfolio offered for license by the One-Blue licensing program.
"The One-Blue patent pool provides companies with a fair and cost effective mechanism for obtaining Blu-ray Disc product licenses," said Mr. William J. Lenihan , Director IP Licensing, One-Blue. "We filed this patent infringement suit in order to maintain a level playing field for the members of the One-Blue patent pool—licensors and licensees alike who manufacture and sell Blu-ray Disc products. We have a duty to ensure that all companies selling Blu-ray Disc products honor the essential patents in the One-Blue pool."
RITEK Launches M-DISC DVD
RITEK recently launched RITEK M-DISC DVD, increasing the lifetime of discs up to 1,000 years. M-DISC was researched and developed by Millenniata, Inc. in U.S.A. M-DISC can preserve and protect your information by laser etching data into a rock-like material that is not available in any other recordable media. Because information is etched into a rock-like material it is resistant to the deteriorating effects of light, temperature, humidity and time. M-DISC's ability to survive extreme conditions has been tested and proven by the U.S. Department of Defense.
A leading manufacturer of storage media, RITEK is the only strategic partner of Millenniata in Taiwan. For storage media that demand high technology and quality to manufacture, only RITEK, a leading storage media manufacturer in the world, has the professional capability to pull that off. RITEK will also produce the new M-DISC BD as the only partner cooperating with Millenniata. M-DISC BD will be on the market soon.
Florida Attorney General Sues HLDS Over Price Fixing
Attorney General Pam Bondi's Office has sued an optical disc drive (ODD) maker over price-fixing allegations. The complaint alleges that Hitachi-LG Data Storage, Inc. and its subsidiary, Hitachi-LG Data Storage Korea, Inc., participated in meetings, discussions, and communications to share competitively sensitive information, such as prices, sales, production, and bidding information in order to rig bids for ODDs sold to Dell Inc., Hewlett-Packard Company, and Microsoft Corporation. ODDs are used to read and record data on optical disks, such as CDs and DVDs. ODDs are commonly found in computers and video game consoles. Additionally, some ODDs are designed to be attached externally to devices, such as computers.
"Price-fixing hurts healthy business competition and costs Florida's businesses, consumers, and governmental agencies by requiring them to pay higher prices for products," stated Attorney General Pam Bondi. "My office is committed to protecting Floridians, and we will work to obtain relief for those affected by this alleged price-fixing scheme."
Hitachi-LG Data Storage, Inc. was charged with a 15-count felony charge by the United States Department of Justice in the United States District Court in San Francisco in September 2011. Hitachi-LG Data Storage, Inc. subsequently paid a $21.1 million criminal fine and pleaded guilty to bid-rigging and price-fixing of ODDs.
Sony And Dalet Digital Media Systems Collaborate On Optical Disk Archive Solutions
Today, Sony announces its strategic partnership with Dalet Digital Media Systems (based in France) as part of the ongoing mission to develop extensible high-capacity archiving solutions, named Optical Disc Archive for the video and broadcasting industries. Optical Disc Archive offers file-based solutions by storing data in a compact cartridge with 12 optical discs. Dalet is a highly respected developer and supplier of media asset management (MAM) applications, with a strong customer base in video production and the broadcasting markets worldwide.
Sony is working towards solutions that integrate the Dalet Media Life MAM software with the Optical Disc Archive product line. Moving forward, Sony and Dalet will jointly propose archiving solutions for a wide range of areas, including News and Sports production, Media Digitization, and Disaster Recovery. The two companies will also collaborate in Solution Selling, System Integration/Delivery and Contract Services in order to provide customers with total efficiency, benefitting from both application system to service & support.
"Sony continues to be a leading manufacturer of products that have contributed greatly to the broadcast industry," said Stephane Schlayen, COO, Dalet. "We are very pleased to provide the Dalet MAM platform as an integral part of Sony's advanced archive system. MAM plays a critical role in managing media and metadata. Our combined best-of-breed technologies bring a versatile and sophisticated solution to the market."
ASUS Introduces Ultra-Slim SDRW-08U5S-U External DVD Writer
ASUS today announced the SDRW-08U5S-U external DVD writer, a highly portable optical drive with the thinnest form factor in its class at just 13mm. Its design includes a built-in hidden stand that saves space and reduces clutter while enabling dual-stance horizontal and vertical placement. For data protection, ASUS integrates multiple security measures, with password controls and encryption alongside encoded file name functionality. The SDRW-08U5S-U ships in Mellow Metallic, Dusty Rose, and Bright Berry color options.
The SDRW-08U5S-U employs intricate engineering to achieve a very slender 13mm side profile. In addition to making it highly attractive, the form factor contributes to easy mobility and greater usability as the SDRW-08U5S-U can be effortlessly transported and placed, making it a perfect companion for Ultrabooks and other mobile devices.
Pioneer Announces Small And Thin Slot-Loading Blu-ray Disc Writer For Macs
Pioneer Japan sent out a press today, announcing a Mac version of its latest slot-loading Blu-ray Disc writer. Thanks to a magnesium alloy case, the BDR-XU02JM weighs in at a mere 245g and measures only 133 × 133 × 12 mm. This stylish, USB powered drive is capable of 6x BD-R, 6x BD-R DL, 6x BD-R LTH, 2x BD-RE and 2x BD-RE DL writing speeds and a maximum BD-ROM read speed of 6x. The BDR-XU02J also writes to triple- (100GB) and quad-layer (128GB) BD-R media at 6x and triple-layer (100GB) BD-RE media at 2x.
The BDR-XU02JM does not ship with any software. However, it includes support for Pioneer's PureRead2+ technology as well as a new feature called RealTime PureRead which reduces the occurrence of interpolation data during playback of audio CDs. The BDR-XU02JM is scheduled to ship in late March and is expected to retail for about 20,000 Yen ($208US).
Millenniata To Offer Blu-ray M-DISCs In Spring 2013
U.S.-based Millenniata (www.mdisc.com) today announced it will offer Blu-ray M-DISCs in the second quarter of 2013, increasing both the storage capacity and the accessibility of the M-DISC.
The announcement, made at the Storage Visions Conference in Las Vegas, marks a major step forward in permanent data storage solutions for businesses and consumers by making the M-DISC available in all the standard optical disc formats.
The other major advance in the growing world-wide acceptance of the M-DISC DVD and the forthcoming Blu-ray M-DISC is the marketing and distribution partnership with Imation Corp. announced at the Storage Visions Conference by Millenniata. Millenniata and Imation, the leading world-wide distributor of data storage products, have agreed to co-brand and distribute both the M-DISC and Blu-ray M-DISC under Imation's TDK, Memorex and Imation brands.
RITEK Corporation, the leading manufacturer of optical storage media in the world, will produce the new Blu-ray M-DISC as part of its manufacturing agreement with Millenniata. In addition, RITEK has signed a license agreement with Millenniata to distribute and co-brand both the DVD and Blu-ray M-DISCs through its established distribution and reseller channels as a secondary distribution channel for the M-DISC products behind Imation.
The new Blu-ray M-DISCs will be writable and readable on any Blu-ray combo drive – an enormous step for Millenniata and the convenience of this permanent storage technology. The Blu-ray M-DISCs will also offer at least five times the amount of storage as the standard 4.7GB M-DISC.
Millenniata Signs Agreement With Imation To Deliver M-DISC DVD And Blu-ray Technology
U.S.-based Millenniata and Imation, a global, scalable storage and data security company, announced today a strategic, marketing and co-branding agreement. Imation will co-brand and distribute Millenniata's DVD M-DISC and the newly developed Blu-ray M-DISC. The M-DISC uses a proprietary process of engraving information into a patented inorganic rock-like layer, resistant to light, temperature and humidity, making it an ideal storage solution for valuable digital data such as photos, videos, music and business records.
According to the agreement, Imation, whose optical portfolio includes the Imation™, Memorex™ and TDK Life on Record™ brands, will co-brand the Blu-ray and DVD M-DISCs, which will then be marketed and distributed through Imation's worldwide sales channels.
"We are very excited to gain Imation as a global partner. Imation is the world's leading optical media provider and their strength and expertise is unparalleled in the digital storage market," said Paul Brockbank, Millenniata president and CEO. "This new partnership will be vital in continuing to promote M-DISC as the only permanent storage solution to a growing consumer base around the world."
Samsung Introduces Ultrabook Friendly Optical Disc Drive With Smart Power And Archive Technology
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., a global leader in digital media and convergence technologies, announced today its newest ultra-slim portable DVD writer, the SE-218CB optical disc drive (ODD) with a sleeker design and mobile size for Ultrabook users on-the-go.
Featuring a compact size that is approximately 18 percent thinner, and 8 percent lighter than Samsung's entry level DVD writer line-up, the SE-218CB is built to accommodate the growing need for external ODDs that can be easily transported for today's mobile lifestyle. Measuring 148x14x143mm, the SE-218CB is an ideal companion for Ultrabook users that need to access optical media.
With the SE-218CB, consumers not only benefit by having easy access to stored documents, photos and multimedia content. With its Smart Power Technology the drive's low-power consumption and ability to connect using a single USB port ensures consumers will have a flexible solution that does not overly tax Ultrabook's battery while outside the home or office. With the help of Samsung's Smart Power Technology, SE-218CB can also act as a portable hard disk drive for tablets with available USB connections. Coupled with Samsung's innovative AV Connectivity, this ensures tablet users can now enjoy stored multimedia content.
Acer To Offer M-DISC Compatible DVD And Blu-ray Drives In Laptop And Desktop Computers
Optical Disc Prices To Rise Nearly 50% In 2H13
Pioneer Announces World's Smallest And Lightest Slot-Loading Blu-ray Disc Writer
I-O Data Announces Two New 16x Blu-ray Disc Writers
Buffalo Announces Industry's First 16x Blu-ray Disc Writers
Silicon Power Superior Pro 256GB microSDXC Memory Card
Western Digital WD_BLACK SN850 1TB NVMe PCIe 4.0 Solid State Drive
Silicon Power US70 1TB M.2 PCIe 4.0 Solid State Drive
ADATA XPG GAMMIX S50 Lite 1TB PCIe 4.0 M.2 Solid State Drive
SecureUSB BT Encrypted Flash Drive
Silicon Power UD70 2TB M.2 PCIe Solid State Drive
Samsung PRO Plus and EVO Plus SD Memory Cards
Crucial P2 500GB PCIe M.2 Solid State Drive
Gigabyte Announces AORUS Gen4 7000s SSD
Synology Introduces Ultra-compact RackStation RS1221+ And RS1221RP+
Patriot Launches EP series High Endurance microSD Cards
Apacer Launches AS340X And AS350X SATA III SSDs
PNY Launches XLR8 CS3140 M.2 NVMe Gen4 x4 SSD
Kingston Digital Introduces Workflow Station And Readers
Phison Showcases High-Performance Storage Designs At CES 2021
Kingston Previews New NVMe SSD Lineup At CES 2021
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Our Executive Director, Dr Wanda Wyporska, took to the stage at the LSE in April, alongside other global leaders, speaking passionately about the importance of grassroots movements in the fight against inequality.
"We welcome the report, which provides even more evidence of the stark divide between the rich and the poor and we support calls for a more redistributive approach. It is a national disgrace that in affluent areas, poor people are still denied access to decent jobs with decent pay, good education and efficient transport.
"While we welcome additional conversations and publicity about racial disparities and discrimination, we also need to see more action. It's good to see the Government start to take racism and discrimination seriously, but this audit tells us what we already know - that social and economic inequality are rife across the country.