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A Chinese wall or ethical wall is an information barrier protocol within an organization designed to prevent exchange of information or communication that could lead to conflicts of interest. For example, a Chinese wall may be established to separate people who make investments from those who are privy to confidential information that could improperly influence the investment decisions. Firms are generally required by law to safeguard insider information and ensure that improper trading does not occur.

Etymology

Bryan Garner's Dictionary of Modern Legal Usage states that the metaphor title "derives of course from the Great Wall of China", although an alternative explanation links the idea to the screen walls of Chinese internal architecture.

The term was popularized in the United States following the stock market crash of 1929, when the U.S. government legislated information separation between investment bankers and brokerage firms, in order to limit the conflict of interest between objective company analysis and the desire for successful initial public offerings. Rather than prohibiting one company from engaging in both businesses, the government permitted the implementation of Chinese-wall procedures.

A leading note on the subject published in 1980 in the University of Pennsylvania Law Review titled "The Chinese Wall Defense to Law-Firm Disqualification" perpetuated the use of the term.

Objections to the term Chinese wall
There have been disputes about the use of the term for some decades, particularly in the legal and banking sectors. The term can be seen both as culturally insensitive and an inappropriate reflection on Chinese culture and trade, which are now extensively integrated into the global market.

In Peat, Marwick, Mitchell & Co. v. Superior Court (1988), Presiding Justice Harry W. Low, a Chinese American, wrote a concurring opinion specifically in order "to express my profound objection to the use of this phrase in this context". He called the term a "piece of legal flotsam which should be emphatically abandoned", and suggested "ethics wall" as a more suitable alternative. He maintained that the "continued use of the term would be insensitive to the ethnic identity of the many persons of Chinese descent".

Alternative terms
Alternative phrases include "screen", "firewall", "cone of silence", and "ethical wall".

"Screen", or the verb "to screen", is the preferred term of the American Bar Association Model Rules of Professional Conduct. The ABA Model Rules define screening as "the isolation of a lawyer from any participation in a matter through the timely imposition of procedures within a firm that are reasonably adequate under the circumstances to protect information that the isolated lawyer is obligated to protect under these Rules or other law", and suitable "screening procedures" have been approved where paralegals have moved from one law firm to another and have worked on cases for their former employer which may conflict with the interests of their current employer and the clients they represent.

Usage in specific industries

Finance

A Chinese wall is commonly employed in investment banks, between the corporate-advisory area and the brokering department. This separates those giving corporate advice on takeovers from those advising clients about buying shares and researching the equities themselves.

The "wall" is thrown up to prevent leaks of corporate inside information, which could influence the advice given to clients making investments, and allow staff to take advantage of facts that are not yet known to the general public.

The phrase "already over the wall" is used by equity research personnel to refer to rank-and-file personnel who operate without an ethics wall at all times. Examples include members of the Chinese wall department, most compliance personnel, attorneys and certain NYSE-licensed analysts. The term "over the wall" is used when an employee who is not normally privy to wall-guarded information somehow obtains sensitive information. Breaches considered semi-accidental were typically not met with punitive action during the heyday of the "dot-com" era. These and other instances involving conflicts of interest were rampant during this era. A major scandal was exposed when it was discovered that research analysts were encouraged to blatantly publish dishonest positive analyses on companies in which they, or related parties, owned shares, or on companies that depended on the investment banking departments of the same research firms. The U.S. government has since passed laws strengthening the use Ethics walls such as Title V of the Sarbanes–Oxley Act in order to prevent such conflicts of interest.

Ethics walls are also used in the corporate finance departments of the "Big Four" and other large accountancy and financial services firms. They are designed to insulate sensitive documentation from the wider firm in order to prevent conflicts.

Journalism
The term is used in journalism to describe the separation between the editorial and advertising arms. The Chinese wall is regarded as breached for "advertorial" projects. In student journalism, maintaining a publication's independence from its associated educational institution can be a challenge.

Separately, the term can refer to a separation between a publication's news and opinions arms.

Insurance
The term is used in property and casualty insurance to describe the separation of claim handling where both parties to a claim (e.g. an airport and an airline) have insurance policies with the same insurer. The claim handling process needs to be segregated within the organisation to avoid a conflict of interest.

This also occurs when there is an unidentified or uninsured motorist involved in an auto collision. In this case, two loss adjusters will take on the claim - one representing the insured party and another representing the uninsured or unidentified motorist. While they both represent the same policy, they both must investigate and negotiate to determine fault and what if anything is covered under the policy. In this case, a Chinese wall is erected between the two adjusters.

Law
Chinese walls may be used in law firms to address a conflict of interest, for example to separate one part of the firm representing a party on a deal or litigation from another part of the firm with contrary interests or with confidential information from an adverse party. Under UK law, a firm may represent competing parties in a suit, but only in strictly defined situations and when individual fee earners do not act for both sides. In United States law firms, the use of Chinese walls is no longer permitted except within very narrow exceptions. The American Bar Association Model Rules of Professional Conduct (2004) state: "While lawyers are associated in a firm, none of them shall knowingly represent a client when any one of them practicing alone would be prohibited from doing so by Rules 1.7 or 1.9, unless the prohibition is based on a personal interest of the prohibited lawyer and does not present a significant risk of materially limiting the representation of the client by the remaining lawyers in the firm." Although ABA rules are only advisory, most U.S. states have adopted them or have even stricter regulations in place.

Government procurement
Chinese or ethical walls may be required where a company which already has a contract with a public body intends to bid for a new contract, in circumstances where the public body concerned wishes to maintain a fair competitive procedure and avoid or minimise the advantage which the existing contractor may have over other potential bidders. In some cases UK public sector terms of contract require the establishment of "ethical wall arrangements" approved by the customer as a pre-condition for involvement in the procurement process for additional goods and services or for a successor contract.

Computer science

In computer science, the concept of a Chinese wall is used by both the operating system for computer security and the US judicial system for protection against copyright infringement. In computer security it concerns the software stability of the operating system. The same concept is involved in an important business matter concerning the licensing of each of a computer's many software and hardware components.

Any hardware component that requires direct software interaction will have a license for itself and a license for its software "driver" running in the operating system. Reverse engineering software is a part of computer science that can involve writing a driver for a piece of hardware in order to enable it to work in an operating system unsupported by the manufacturer of the hardware, or to add functionality or increase the performance of its operations (not provided by the manufacturer) in the supported operating system, or to restore the usage of a piece of computer hardware for which the driver has disappeared altogether. A reverse engineered driver offers access to development, by persons outside the company that manufactured it, of the general hardware usage.

Reverse engineering
There is a case-law mechanism called "clean room design" that is employed to avoid copyright infringement when reverse engineering a proprietary driver.

It involves two separate engineering groups separated by a Chinese wall. One group works with the hardware to reverse engineer what must be the original algorithms and only documents their findings. The other group writes the code, based only on that documentation.  Once the new code begins to function with tests on the hardware, it is able to be refined and developed over time.

This method insulates the new code from the old code, so that the reverse engineering is less likely to be considered by a jury as a derived work.

Computer security
The basic model used to provide both privacy and integrity for data is the "Chinese wall model" or the "Brewer and Nash model". It is a security model where read/write access to files is governed by membership of data in conflict-of-interest classes and datasets.

See also
 Brewer and Nash model
 Conflict of interest
 Insider trading
 Glass–Steagall Act
 Global Settlement
 Mad Men: "Chinese Wall"

References

Investment banking
Informal legal terminology
Journalism standards
Conflict of interest mitigation
Data security
Metaphors referring to objects
Reverse engineering


As a mom, balancing my obligations and commitments is harder than ever. I've never had so much on my plate all at once, and what makes it harder is that I have a daily case of mom brain… Which, news flash, studies say lasts YEARS after having a baby-so there's that to look forward to. In any case, trying to keep everything organized is hard for moms. Trust me, I can attest to that first hand-not that I was very good at it before having a kid, but that's another story. So, here are some awesome mom life planner stickers to help busy moms keep it all together.
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The invention relates to external hanging screen-type VR glasses, a screen display adjustment method and a screen display device. Two display pictures are displayed on the display screen of the external hanging screen device of the external hanging screen-type VR glasses, a contact point capable of being detected by the external hanging screen device is arranged on the VR glasses, the external hanging screen device detects the position of the contact point, and the positions and/or the sizes of the two display pictures are adjusted according to the detected contact point position. The method of the invention is used to ensure the two display pictures of the VR to be right in front of optical glasses, the display sizes are proper, and the VR glass display effects can be improved.
本发明涉及虚拟现实设备领域,用于改善外挂屏式VR眼镜的显示效果,进一步涉及外挂屏式VR眼镜及调整屏幕显示的方法和屏幕显示装置。  The present invention relates to the field of virtual reality device for improving VR glasses plug-screen display, and further relates to a method of screen-screen plug VR glasses and adjust the screen displayed on the display device.
 VR眼镜即"虚拟现实眼镜"(Virtual Real ity Glasses)。  VR glasses known as "virtual reality glasses" (Virtual Real ity Glasses). 通过光学装置将小显示屏上的内容放成大场景,并通过相关硬件和软件实现虚拟现实的功能。 By optical means to put content on the small screen larger scenes, and virtual reality features through the relevant hardware and software.
根据显示屏是否内置一体化来区分,目前VR眼镜主要有两个类型:一体化显示屏VR眼镜和外挂屏式VR眼镜;前者集成处理系统和显示屏,后者需要外挂屏装置来实现处理和显示功能,例如,将手机作为外挂屏装置,通过将手机放入VR眼镜内实现处理和显示功會K。  The built-in integration to distinguish whether or not the display, there are currently two main types of glasses VR: VR glasses and plug integrated display screen formula VR glasses; former integrated processing system and a display screen, which requires screen plug means implement the processing and display functions, e.g., as a plug-in phone screen apparatus, which processes and displays the phone function will pass into the VR glasses K.
虽然一体化显示屏VR眼镜的显示效果较好,但其价格较高,且一般需要连接电脑端,另外,如果显示屏技术升级后观看者想更换更高级的显示屏,就需要更换整体VR眼镜,所以其使用成本和升级成本都较高。  Although the integrated display VR glasses looks good, but its price is higher, and generally need to connect the computer end, in addition, display technology upgrade if the viewer want to change more advanced display, need to be replaced overall VR glasses, so its cost and upgrade costs are higher. 而外挂屏式VR眼镜由于自身不带显示屏,其结构简单、价格便宜,随着显示屏技术的进步,直接将更高级的外挂屏装置放入VR眼镜内即可实现VR眼镜显示屏的升级,所以其使用成本和升级成本都较低,且无需连接电脑端,使用方便,便于普及,有着广泛的应用前景。 The plug-screen VR glasses due to their own without display, its structure is simple, cheap, with advances in display technology, more advanced plug directly into the screen device VR glasses can upgrade the VR glasses display , so its cost and upgrade costs are low, and no need to connect the computer end, easy to use, easy to spread, with a wide range of applications.
但目前的外挂屏式VR眼镜技术不能保证画面位置与眼镜位置一致,也不能保证显示画面的大小和眼镜的视域匹配,所以导致观看效果不佳,甚至佩戴起来容易引起头晕。  However, the current VR eyeglass plug-screen picture can not be guaranteed position coincides with the position of the glasses, the viewing area is not guaranteed to match the size of the display screen and glasses, resulting in poor viewing, cause dizziness and even easier to wear.
 3、不同观看者的瞳距可能不一样,当前的VR眼镜可以调节两组镜片的瞳距,但还不能根据瞳距自动调节两个画面之间的距离。  3, IPD different viewers may be different, the current VR glasses lens groups may be adjusted IPD, but can not automatically adjust the distance between the two screens according to the IPD.
因此,现有外挂屏式VR眼镜技术还有待于改进。  Thus, the conventional plug-screen technology is still room for improvement VR glasses.
 一种外挂屏式VR眼镜调整屏幕显示的方法,在所述外挂屏式VR眼镜的外挂屏装置的显示屏上显示有两个显示画面,在VR眼镜上设置有能被外挂屏装置检测到的触点,所述外挂屏装置检测所述触点的位置;根据检测到的触点调整两个显示画面的位置或大小,或同时调节位置和大小。  A method for adjusting glasses VR Plug-screen display screen, a display screen displayed on the two-screen display device of the plug-in plug-screen glasses VR, VR is provided on the glasses can have a plug-screen device detected contact, the plug-in position of the contact detecting panel unit; adjusted according to the detected contact position or size of two display screens, or while adjusting the position and size.
所述的外挂屏式VR眼镜调整屏幕显示的方法,所述外挂屏式VR眼镜还包括瞳距调节器,所述触点随所述光学镜片移动且与所述光学镜片的相对位置固定不变,所述外挂屏装置检测所述瞳距调节器确定瞳距后的所述触点的位置。  The method of the plug-screen display adjustment screen VR glasses, said plug further comprises shield glasses IPD formula VR regulator, said moving contact with said optical lens and the relative position of the optical lens fixed, said plug means detects said interpupillary distance adjustment panel determines that the contact position of the IPD.
 所述的外挂屏式VR眼镜调整屏幕显示的方法,所述外挂屏式VR眼镜还包括分别与两个光学镜片相对应的两个光学镜片构架,两个所述光学镜片构架上或任意一个所述光学镜片构架上设置有所述触点。  The method of the plug-screen display adjustment screen VR glasses, the glasses VR plug platen further includes two optical lens with two optical lenses corresponding to the frame, said two optical lens or frame any of a lens disposed on the optical contact with said frame.
所述挂屏式VR眼镜调整屏幕显示的方法,每个光学镜片构架上设置一个所述触点。 The  method for adjusting Guabing formula VR glasses screen display, one of said contacts is provided on each optical lens frame.
所述外挂屏式VR眼镜调整屏幕显示的方法,一共有三个或四个所述触点,其中两个所述触点位于一个光学镜片构架上,另一个或两个所述触点位于另一个光学镜片构架上。  The glasses method VR Plug-panel screen display adjustment, a total of three or four of the contacts, wherein two of said contacts located on an optical lens frame, the other or both of the touch point is located on another optical lens frame.
所述外挂屏式VR眼镜调整屏幕显示的方法,所述一个光学镜片构架上的两个所述触点按光学镜片的中心呈对称布置。  The plug-panel screen display VR glasses method adjusting said one of said two optical lens frame contacts the center of the optical lens according to symmetrical arrangement.
所述外挂屏式VR眼镜调整屏幕显示的方法,只有一个光学镜片构架上设置有所述触点,同时在所述外挂屏式VR眼镜固定的位置上设置有固定触点,所述方法还包括:所述外挂屏装置检测所述固定触点的位置;调整所述两个显示画面的位置和/或大小的步骤具体为:根据所述固定触点的位置与所述一个光学镜片构架上的触点调整所述两个显示画面的位置和/或大小。  Method for a VR glasses adjust the plug-screen display, only one of the contacts provided on the optical lens frame, while the fixed contact provided at a position of the plug-screen VR glasses fixed on the the method further comprising: detecting a position of the plug-in screen means the fixed contact; adjusting the position of the two display screens and / or size of the steps specifically comprises: the position of the fixed contact a of the optical lens contacts the two adjustment on the display position of the screen frame and / or size.
所述的外挂屏式VR眼镜调整屏幕显示的方法,所述触点为可被电容式触摸屏识别的电容触点或可被电阻式触摸屏识别的压力触点。  The method of the plug-screen display adjustment screen VR glasses, contact the contact pressure which may be identified by a capacitive touch screen or capacitive contacts can be identified resistive touch screen.
所述外挂屏式VR眼镜调整屏幕显示的方法,所述外挂屏式VR眼镜上设置有能够将外挂屏装置进行定位的定位结构,所述触点可拆卸。  The glasses method VR Plug-panel screen display adjustment, the plug can be provided with a plug panel positioning device positioning structure, said removable upper platen contacts VR glasses.
所述外挂屏式VR眼镜调整屏幕显示的方法,外挂屏装置可以根据所述触点在屏幕上显示出当前瞳距大小。  The glasses method VR Plug-panel screen display adjustment screen plug IPD device may display the current on-screen size according to the contact.
本发明还提供了一种外挂屏式VR眼镜的屏幕显示装置,用于执行上述任意一种外挂屏式VR眼镜调整屏幕显示的方法。  The present invention also provides a plug-screen VR glasses screen display apparatus for performing any of the above glasses VR Plug-screen display screen adjusting method. 该装置可以通过软件程序实现,也可以通过硬件电路实现或者通过软件程序结合硬件电路的方式实现,本申请对此不作限定。 The apparatus may be implemented by a software program, may be realized by a hardware circuit or a combination of hardware circuits implemented by a software program embodiment, the present application is not limited to this.
本发明还提供了一种外挂屏式装置,包括上述任意一种外挂屏式VR眼镜的屏幕显示装置,该外挂屏式装置可以为手机或其他具有显示屏的终端。  The present invention further provides a plug-screen device, comprising any of the above glasses VR-panel screen display device plug, the plug-screen or other device may be a mobile phone terminal having a display screen.
本发明还提供了一种外挂屏式VR眼镜,包括触点以及用于放置能够根据检到的所述触点的位置而调整显示画面的位置和/或大小的外挂屏装置的外挂屏固定结构。  The present invention also provides a plug-in position of the picture screen device and plug and / or the size of a plug-screen VR glasses, and includes a contact for placing the subject can be adjusted according to the position of the contact display screen fixed structure.
所述触点只要能被外挂屏装置检测到即可,不一定需要接触到屏幕,例如对于电容式触摸屏的外挂屏装置而言,触点虽然不接触屏幕但只要离触屏较近也可能被检测到。  The contact plug means can be as long as the screen can be detected, not necessarily need access to the screen such as the screen for a plug means of a capacitive touch screen, although not in contact with the contacts from the touch screen as long as close it may also be detected.
外挂屏式VR眼镜的外挂屏装置包括但不限于手机,但为了便于说明,以下均以手机为例进行说明。  Plug-panel screen VR glasses plug means including but not limited to mobile phones, but for convenience of explanation, the following are the mobile phone as an example.
 将手机放入VR眼镜的卡槽里,手机在一个屏幕上分左右显示两幅画面,这两幅画面分别通过两组光学镜片被观看者的两只眼睛看到。  The VR glasses phone into the slot, the mobile phone displays left and right two screens on one screen, pictures which are seen by the two sets of the optical lens of the viewer's two eyes. 在未经画面调整的VR眼镜上,观看者需要先根据观看效果(比如重影等)或自己的已知瞳距值手动调整两个镜片的瞳距;在调整镜片瞳距过程中,固定在光学镜片架构上的触点也相应移动,手机便可根据所述触点确定当前两组镜片的位置,从而根据镜片的位置调整两个画面的显示位置,而两个显示画面的中心距离即为当前的瞳距。 On the screen without glasses adjustment VR, or their viewers need to manually adjust the value of the interpupillary distance IPD known lenses according to two viewing (such as ghosting, etc.); lens IPD adjustment process, the fixed contact lens on the optical architecture moves accordingly, the current position of the phone can be determined based on the two sets of contact lenses, to adjust the position of the display screen according to the position of two lenses, and two of the display screen is the center distance the current IPD. 在手机比较大的情况下,如果按照手机屏幕大小显示两组画面可能导致显示的画面超出视域,这时手机还可以根据所述触点提供的信息将画面缩小以达到更好的观看效果。 In the case where the mobile phone is relatively large, if the size of the display screen of the phone in accordance with the two-screen display screen may cause beyond sight, then the phone can also be provided according to contact information of the picture will be reduced in order to achieve a better viewing experience.
外挂屏装置可以选择性地将当前的瞳距和其他画面信息显示在屏幕上。  The plug means can selectively screen the current IPD and other picture information displayed on the screen.
当VR眼镜的壳体上或者VR眼镜的外挂屏固定结构上设置有能够将手机进行定位的定位结构时,所述两幅画面的位置和大小信息,对于同一型号的手机和VR眼镜是不变的,这时所述触点还可以做成可拆卸式的(例如,卡接连接),在需要自动调整时安装上,调整完保存参数后也可以拆下来。 When  When the plug housing on the screen VR glasses fixing structure VR glasses or the phone can be provided with a positioning structure for positioning, the position and size of the two picture information, for the same type of mobile phone and VR glasses is constant, the contact time may also be made removable (e.g., snap connection), mounted on the automatic adjustment when required, after storage after adjustment parameters may also be removed.
本发明外挂屏式VR眼镜调整屏幕显示的方法,可以自动调整外挂屏幕显示的两幅画面的位置和大小,使得屏幕显示的两幅画面位于两个镜片的正前方,并且可以控制显示区域的大小,从而获得更好的观看效果。 The position and size of the  method of glasses VR Plug-screen display adjustment screen of the present invention, the plug can automatically adjust screen display of two pictures, so that the two screen display screen directly in front of the two lenses, and may control the display size of the area, in order to get a better viewing experience.
图1为本发明的结构示意图。  FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
图2为每个光学镜片构架上设置一个触点时的外挂屏装置示意图。  FIG. 2 is a schematic view when a plug is provided a screen device contacts on each optical lens frame.
图3为两个光学镜片构架上均设置有触点时的外挂屏装置示意图。  FIG. 3 is a schematic view of two plug-optical panel device when both contacts are provided on the lens frame.
图4为只有一个光学镜片构架上设置有触点,同时在VR眼镜固定的位置上设置有固定触点时的外挂屏装置示意图。  FIG 4 is provided with a contact on only one optical lens frame, while a schematic view of the plug when the screen device fixed contact provided at a fixed position on the VR glasses.
图5为全景显示模式下的外挂屏装置示意图。  FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the screen device plug panning mode.
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明的进行详细的描述。 Drawings and embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail  below in conjunction.
 本发明为了解决由于外挂屏式VR眼镜的显示画面位置和眼镜位置不一致,以及显示画面大小不能和VR眼镜视域相匹配,而导致的显示效果差的问题,通过在VR眼镜上设置有能被外挂屏装置检测到的触点,并且通过外挂屏装置检测所述触点的位置,然后根据检测到的触点调整两个显示画面的位置或大小,或同时调节位置和大小。  In order to solve due to inconsistencies plug-screen VR glasses display screen position and glasses position, and a display screen size can not and VR glasses viewing zone matches, but shows poor results in the problem caused by setting on the VR glasses there are plug contacts can be detected screen means, and by means for detecting the position of the plug contact screen, then the display screen in accordance with the position or size of the two adjusting contacts detected, or while adjusting the position and size. 本发明通过外挂屏装置检测所述触点的位置,即能够检测到两组光学镜片的位置,根据光学镜片的位置信息,外挂屏装置就能够调整两个画面的显示位置和/或大小,从而能够解决显示画面位置和眼镜位置不一致,以及显示画面大小不能和VR眼镜视域相匹配的问题。 The present invention detects the position of the plug contact screen device, i.e., the position can be detected two sets of optical lenses, optical lens position information, plug the screen apparatus can adjust the display position of the two screens and / or size, whereby You can solve the display screen position and the position inconsistent glasses, and a display screen size can not issue sight glasses and VR match.
其中,触点设置的位置和触点的个数不同,外挂屏装置根据检测到的所有触点的位置确定显示画面的大小和位置的方法不同,具体如下述各个实施例,但本发明的保护范围并不限定于此,本领域技术人员可依据常规技术手段实施其他触点个数和位置的实施例,均在本发明的保护范围之内。  wherein, different numbers of contacts and the contacts set position, the plug means according to the detected screen position of all the contacts of different methods to determine the size and position of the display screen, each of the specific embodiments described below as examples, but the present the scope of invention is not limited thereto, those skilled in the art can implement other embodiments of the number and location of the contacts according to conventional techniques, it is within the scope of the present invention.
实施本发明提供的用于外挂屏式VR眼镜自动调整屏幕显示的方法可以采用各种适当的结构。 Method  VR-screen embodiment of a plug according to the present invention provides glasses automatically adjusting screen display may employ various suitable structures.
3、两组光学镜片4、两组镜框5、触点7、外挂屏托板8、铰链9和固定挡板10。 3, two sets of optical lens 4, two frame 5, the contacts 7, 8 pallets screen plug, the hinge 9 and the fixed baffle 10. 所述两组光学镜片4分别固定在两个镜框5上,所述镜框5上安装有能被外挂屏装置100检测到的触点7。 The two sets of optical lenses 4 are fixed on the two frame 5, the mounting means 100 with a contact plug 7 can be detected on the panel frame 5.
需要说明的是,本发明并不限定于触点7设置在镜框5上这种实施例,在另一种实施例中,触点7也可设置于与光学镜片连接的、用于调节瞳距的结构上,只要满足外挂屏装置通过检测到触点的位置即可获取到光学镜片的位置的要求,触点可设置于外挂屏式VR目艮镜的任意位置,均在本发明的保护范围之内。  Incidentally, the present invention is not limited to the contact 7 is provided on the frame 5 of this embodiment, in another embodiment, it may be provided on the contact 7 is connected to the optical lenses for High adjustment on the structure, can be obtained as long as required by the position of the optical lens satisfies the detected position of the contact plug-screen device, the contact plug may be disposed at any position VR-screen mesh Gen mirror, in the present invention are within the scope of protection.
 本发明中所述的瞳距调节器3可以采用现有的各种适当结构。  In the invention of claim 3 interpupillary distance adjustment may take various suitable conventional structure. 例如,可以通过螺纹螺杆或齿轮的结构与VR眼镜的两组光学镜片结构连接,通过驱动螺杆或者齿轮转动,即可调节两组光学镜片的距离。 For example, the two may be connected through an optical lens structure as glasses and VR threaded screw or gear, or the gear is rotated by the drive screw, to adjust the distance of the optical lens groups. 在图1所述的优选实施例中,通过驱动螺杆或者齿轮,可以实现两组光学镜片的同时调整,即实现两组光学镜片同时相向移动或者反向移动。 In a preferred embodiment according to FIG. 1 embodiment, by a screw or gear drive may be achieved simultaneously adjust the optical lens groups, i.e., two sets of optical lenses to achieve simultaneously moved towards or reverse movement. 但本发明不限于此,在本发明的其他实施例中,可以通过螺杆或者齿轮分别调整每组光学镜片的位置,以适应不同的需要。 However, the present invention is not limited thereto, in other embodiments of the present invention, can be adjusted by a screw or a gear position of each of the optical lenses, respectively, to accommodate different needs.
上述实施例提供了一种较优的实施本发明的用于外挂屏式VR眼镜自动调整屏幕显示的方法的结构,但本发明并不以此为限,实施本发明的方法的外挂屏式VR眼镜,只要在VR眼镜的光学镜片构架上设置有能被外挂屏装置检测到的触点即可,外挂屏式VR眼镜的其他结构可以采用现有的任何结构,例如,固定挡板1可以卡接在壳体I上。 Plug  The embodiment provides a superior method for the plug embodiment of the structure of formula VR glasses to automatically adjust screen displayed on the screen of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto, embodiments of the present invention is a method of VR-screen glasses, as long as the plug can be provided with a screen means on the optical lens glasses frame VR detected contact as described, other structural formula VR glasses screen plug may take any conventional configuration, e.g., a fixed baffle 1 may be connected to the card housing I.
首先,将外挂屏装置100放在所述外挂屏托板8上,然后扣上所述固定挡板10即可固定外挂屏装置。  First, the screen device 100 on the plug the plug tray on the screen 8, and then fasten the bezel 10 to the fixing device fixing the plug panel. 在未经画面调整的VR眼镜上,观看者需要先根据观看效果(比如重影等)或自己的已知瞳距值利用所述瞳距调节器3调整两个镜片的瞳距;在调整镜片瞳距过程中,固定在所述镜框5上的所述触点7也相应移动,所述外挂屏装置100检测触点7的位置,根据检测到的所述触点7的位置确定当前两组镜片的位置,从而根据镜片的位置调整两个画面的显示位置和大小。 On the screen without glasses VR adjusted, according to need to the viewer viewing (such as ghost and the like) or their known IPD value by using IPD the regulator 3 to adjust IPD two lenses; lens adjustment IPD process, fixed to the frame 5 of the contact 7 moves accordingly, the screen device 100 detects the position of the plug contacts 7, according to the detected position of the two contacts 7 determines the current lens position to adjust the position and size of the display screen according to the position of two lenses. 而此时两个显示画面的中心距离即为当前的瞳距,所述外挂屏装置可以选择性地将计算出的瞳距和其他画面信息显示在屏幕上。 Two at a time from the center of the display screen is the current IPD, the plug means can selectively screen the calculated IPD and other picture information displayed on the screen.
需要注意的是,针对个人特别制定的VR眼镜,不需要调整瞳距,这类VR眼镜上也无需设置瞳距调节器;针对个人之前已经调节好瞳距的VR眼镜,由于该VR眼镜的瞳距与佩戴者的瞳距完全相符,因此也不需要重新调整瞳距。  It should be noted, in particular, the development of personal VR glasses, no need to adjust the IPD, the type of VR glasses without setting IPD regulator; for good before the individual has been adjusted IPD VR glasses, since the VR IPD IPD glasses entirely consistent with the wearer, and therefore do not need to re-adjust the IPD. 对于这两类VR眼镜,在使用时,只需要将外挂屏装置100放在所述外挂屏托板8上,然后外挂屏装置100根据触点7确定当前两组镜片的位置,从而根据镜片的位置调整两个画面的显示位置和大小即可。 For these two types of VR glasses, when in use, only need to plug the screen apparatus 100 is placed on the pallet screen plug 8, and then plug the screen apparatus 100 according to the current position of the contacts 7 determines two sets of lenses, so that the lens according to the adjusting the position of the two screens to display position and size.
在本发明中,所述触点可以具有不同的设置方式,下面以以下实施实例为例进行具体说明,需要说明的是,图2与图4中外挂屏装置100的显示画面均为长方形,实际上,由于镜片能够优化的参数极其有限,在满足提高清晰度,增强视野的情况下,很难同时满足消除畸变的目的,因此,手机上的显示画面的形状依镜片的不同而不同,可能显示为枕形(显示画面的四个边内凹)或者桶形(显示画面的四个边外凸),也可能长方形,本申请对显示画面的形状不做限定。  In the present invention, the contacts may have a different arrangement, the following embodiments in the following examples will be specifically described as an example, to be noted that, in FIG. 2 and FIG. 4 shows the screen of the screen device 100 are plug a rectangle, in fact, is very limited because the parameters of the lens can be optimized, while meeting improve clarity, enhanced vision, difficult to satisfy the purpose of eliminating distortion, and therefore, the shape of the display screen on the phone varies according to different lenses , may appear as pillow-shaped (four sides of the display screen is concave) or barrel (four sides of the display screen is convex), may also be rectangular, the shape of the display screen of the application is not limited.
对于显示画面为上述枕形或桶形的情况,在确定显示画面的高度和宽度时,以上下最大的纵向距离记为高度,以左右最大的横向距离记为宽度。  For the case where the display screen as pincushion or barrel of the above, in determining the height and width of the display screen, above the maximum height referred to as the longitudinal distance to the left and right lateral distance referred to as the maximum width.
如图2所示为每组光学镜片构架上设置一个触点时的外挂屏装置100示意图。  Plug panel 100 is provided a contact means is a schematic diagram of the optical lens 2 during each frame as shown in FIG. 左边光学镜片构架上设置第一触点701;右边光学镜片构架上设置第二触点702。 Left optical lens frame 701 is provided on the first contact; a second contact 702 disposed on the right side of the optical lens frame. 虚线框101为眼镜通过光学镜片所能看到的范围,即视域。 By dashed box 101 for the glasses you can see the range of the optical lens, i.e., the viewing area. 两个所述触点离视域边界有一定的安全距离E,这样就不会因为设置的触点及触点连接装置挡住观看者的视线。 The two contacts from the viewing area at a safe distance from the boundary E, so that will not contact the contact and connecting means provided to block the line of sight of the viewer.
对于指定型号的VR眼镜,其所述视域101的大小是由光学镜片自身的参数和光学镜片至显示屏之间的距离参数,也即物距确定的,本实例中可以事先在所述外挂屏装置100中输入具体数据或选择预置好参数的VR眼镜型号来确定视域大小,也即确定显示画面的大小。  For the Model VR glasses, the size of the field of view 101 which is an optical lens and its optical parameters of lens to a distance between the display parameters, i.e., the object distance determined in the present example may be previously the plug-specific data input screen apparatus 100 or select the preset parameters VR glasses good model to determine the size of the viewing area, i.e. to determine the size of the display screen.
需要说明的是,本申请中提到的视域是指对应于显示屏幕观看效果较为理想的显示画面大小,并不是VR眼镜的全部视域。  Incidentally, mentioned in this application refers to a field of view corresponding to the display screen is viewing the display screen size is preferable, not all VR sight glasses. VR眼镜的全部视域形状与光学镜片的形状有关,例如光学镜片的形状为圆形时,其实际视域通常也为圆形,但在显示时,一般显示为长方形或类长方形(例如上文提到的桶形或枕形)。 VR sight glasses all shapes related to the shape of the optical lens, such as the shape of the optical lens is circular, the actual field of view is also generally circular, but in the case, generally shown as rectangular or almost rectangular (e.g. above mentioned barrel or pincushion).
 优选地,当外挂屏式VR眼镜工作于全景模式时,在显示屏的显示范围之内,显示画面的大小可以比非全景模式大,以提高沉浸感。  Preferably, when the plug-screen VR glasses operating in panoramic mode, the display range of the display screen, the display screen size may be larger than the non-panoramic mode, to increase the sense of immersion. 因此可以同时设置全景模式和非全景模式两组独立的视域大小参数和安全距离E值。 Panorama mode and can be set independently of the size of field of view and safety parameters from the non-E-value in both groups panorama mode.
下面要确定两幅画面的位置。  To determine the position of the next two pictures. 本实例中每个所述触点都设置在所述视域101的下侧的中间位置,以左侧画面为例,其横向中点与所述触点701的横向位置相同,其纵向位置的下边缘为所述触点701的纵向位置加上所述安全距离E,同理可根据所述触点702来确定右侧画面的位置。 In the present example each of the contacts are disposed in an intermediate position on the lower side of the field of view 101 to the left side of the screen, for example, the midpoint of the transverse contacts 701 of the same lateral position, its longitudinal position the lower edge of the longitudinal position of the contact 701 plus the safety distance E, the same way may be determined according to the position of the right side of the screen 702 contacts.
如图3所示为每组光学镜片构架上均设置有两个触点时的外挂屏装置100示意图。  Figure 3 a schematic view of the plug means has screen 100 when the two contacts are provided on the optical lens to each frame. 左边光学镜片构架上设置第一触点701和第二触点702;右边光学镜片构架上设置第三触点703和第四触点704。 Optical lens disposed on the left frame 701 on the first contact and the second contact 702; a third contact and fourth contact 703 on the right side of the optical lens 704 architecture. 虚线框101为眼镜通过光学镜片所能看到的范围,即视域。 By dashed box 101 for the glasses you can see the range of the optical lens, i.e., the viewing area. 四个所述触点离视域边界有一定的安全距离E,这样就不会因为设置的触点及触点连接装置挡住观看者的视线。 The four contacts from the viewing area at a safe distance from the boundary E, so that will not contact the contact and connecting means provided to block the line of sight of the viewer.
本实例中每组所述触点都设置在所述视域101的上下两侧的中间位置,以左侧画面为例,所述外挂屏装置100检测到所述第一触点701和第二触点702,计算两点连线的中点即为所需要显示画面的中心点。  In the present example the contacts are each provided at an intermediate position of the upper and lower sides of the field of view 101 to the left side of the screen, for example, the plug-in screen apparatus 100 detects the first contact 701 and a second contact 702, the midpoint of the two connections is the calculation of the center point of the picture to be displayed. 而所述第一触点701和第二触点702的距离再减去两倍的所述安全距离E即为显示画面的高度H,再根据画面的显示比例即可确定画面的长度L。 And the distance between the first contacts 701 and second contacts 702 minus twice the safety distance H E is the height of the display screen, and then to determine the ratio of the length of the screen according to the display screen L. 同理利用所述第三触点703和所述第四触点704确定右侧画面的位置和大小。 Similarly with the third contacts 703 and the fourth contact 704 to determine the location and size of the right screen.
[0059 ]优选地,可以同时设置全景模式和非全景模式两组独立的安全距离E值。  Preferably, panorama mode, and may be provided separate from the non-safety value E panorama mode in both groups.
[0061 ]本实施实例和实施实例2相似,只是没有所述第四触点704。  The examples and embodiments of the present embodiment is similar to Example 2, but without the fourth contact 704.
根据实施实例2中描述的所述第一触点701和所述第二触点702确定左侧画面的位置和大小,直接设置右侧画面大小等于左侧画面大小,然后根据所述第三触点703和所述第一触点701的距离D确定右侧画面的位置。  702 determine the position and size of the left screen according to the embodiment example 2 described in the first contact and the second contact 701, is equal to the size of the right screen disposed directly left side of the screen size, and according to the a third contact 703 and the first contact 701, the distance D determines the position of the right side of the screen.
如图4所示为只有一个光学镜片构架上设置有触点,同时在VR眼镜固定的位置上设置有固定触点时的外挂屏装置示意图。  FIG. 4 shows only a contact provided on the optical lens frame, while a schematic view of the plug when the screen device fixed contact provided at a fixed position on the VR glasses.
对于指定型号的VR眼镜,其所述视域101的大小是由光学镜片参数和VR眼镜几何尺寸确定的,本实例中可以事先在所述外挂屏装置100中输入具体数据或选择预置好尺寸的VR眼镜型号来确定视域大小,或者也可以先根据所述触点701和所述固定触点802的纵向距离D2来确定显示画面的高度H = D2-Kd,对于确定的VR眼镜,H是确定的,触点701和固定触点802之间的纵向距离D2也是固定的,因而Kd为固定值,Kd可以提前输入到所述外挂屏装置100中或选择预置好数值的VR眼镜型号。  For the Model VR glasses, depending on the size of the field 101 which is determined by the optical parameters and VR glasses lens geometry, the present example can be pre-selected or pre-specific data input in the screen device 100 in the plug VR glasses facing the sized model to determine the size of the viewing area, or may be based on the first contact 701 and the longitudinal distance D2 from the fixed contact 802 to determine the height of the display screen H = D2-Kd, for certain VR glasses, H is determined, the longitudinal distance D2 between the contacts 701 and the fixed contact 802 is fixed, the Kd of a fixed value, can be entered in advance into the Kd value of said preset the plug means 100 or the screen selected VR glasses models. 然后只需要根据所述固定触点802和所述触点701确定两幅画面的显示位置即可。 701 then only needs to determine the position of the screen in accordance with the two fixed contacts 802 and the contacts.
 所述固定触点802为固定在所述VR眼镜壳体I上的触点,在调节所述瞳距调节器3的过程中,所述固定触点802的位置是固定不变的。  The fixed contact 802 is fixed to the spectacle case I contact VR in the process of adjusting the interpupillary distance adjustment device 3, the position of the fixed contact 802 is fixed .
本实例中调节瞳距过程中所述触点701只是随着所述光学镜片4左右移动,所以所述固定触点802和所述触点701的纵向距离D2是固定不动的,横向距离Dl是变化的。  In the present example the High adjustment process 701 only contacts with the movement of the left and right optical lens 4, the fixed contact 802 and the longitudinal distance D2 of the contact 701 is stationary, lateral distance Dl varies. 将所述触点701设置在左侧画面的中点,用所述触点701的纵向位置减去安全距离E即为左右两侧画面的上边沿位置,从而确定了左右两个画面的纵向位置。 The contact 701 is provided at the midpoint of the left side of the screen, by subtracting the distance E is the safety position of the left and right sides of the upper edge of the screen with the longitudinal position of the contact 701 to determine the longitudinal position of the left and right two screens . 所述触点701的中点即为左画面的横向中点,这样左画面的横向位置即可确定。 Lateral midpoint of the contact 701 is the midpoint of the left screen, so that the left lateral position of the screen can be determined.
 在确定右侧画面的横向位置时,一种情况下,若需要通过所述瞳距调节器3调节瞳距时,也即本实施实例还需要调节所述瞳距调节器3时,两个所述光学镜片4呈对称运动,这样移动过程中两幅画面视域的间距D的变化距离为Dl变化距离的2倍。  In determining the lateral position of the right side of the screen, in one case, if the pupillary distance by adjusting the required 3 IPD regulator, i.e. the present example embodiment further necessary to adjust the regulator 3 the IPD, the two symmetrical moving optical lens 4, such movement changes the distance D during two picture field of view is two times the distance Dl change in distance. 即D = K-2XDUK为固定触点802至两个镜片之间横向中心点的横向距离的2倍,对于确定的VR眼镜,固定触点802至两个镜片之间横向中心点距离为常量,因而K为常量。 I.e., D = K-2XDUK 2 times the lateral distance between the center point of the lateral fixed contact lenses 802-2, the transverse distance between the center point of the VR glasses determined fixed contact lenses 802-2 constant, thus K is a constant. 因此,D由所述固定触点802和所述触点701的位置及光学镜片的位置确定。 Thus, D by the fixed contact 802 and the position and the position of the optical lens 701 contacts determined. 另一种情况下,对于个人定制化的VR眼镜,VR眼镜的瞳距是与使用者的瞳距相匹配,因而个人定制化的VR眼镜的D值是不变的,所以可以依上述两种情况的不同,事先在所述外挂屏装置100中输入K值或D值的具体数据,也可以预先在外挂屏装置100中设置K值或D值与VR眼镜型号的对应关系,使用者选择预置好参数的VR眼镜型号即可。 In another case, for personalization of glasses VR, VR glasses IPD is IPD matches the user, and thus the value of D glasses personalization of VR is constant, it is possible according to the two different circumstances, specific data previously entered in the 100 K value or the value of the add-D screen apparatus 100 may be previously set in relation K values corresponding plug-screen device D value or VR glasses models, the user selects a pre- VR glasses to set a good model parameters.
I^E值。 I ^ E value.
如图5所示,本实施实例和实施实例I相似,只是本示例为全景显示模式下其部分显示画面超出了VR眼镜的光学视域102范围,所以虽然触点设置在了显示画面上(此时安全距离E值为负值)但并不影响观看视线,将触点的横向位置加固定参数De后即可根据实例I进行处理。  5, and examples of the present embodiment is similar to Embodiment Example I, except that the present example is a panning mode screen display section 102 outside the optical range VR sight glasses, so although a display screen provided on the contact processed according to example I after (E safety distance at this time is a negative value), but does not affect the viewing line of sight, the lateral position of the contacts plus fixed parameter De. De为VR眼镜的固定参数,也即触点701至其对应光学镜片的光学中心的横向距离,可以设置或选择预置好参数的VR眼镜型号。 De VR glasses of fixed parameters, i.e. lateral distance contacts 701 to its corresponding optical center of the optical lens may be set or selected preset the parameters VR glasses models.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施实例,不能因此而理解为对本发明专利保护范围的限制,凡依据本发明权利要求范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属于本发明权利要求的涵盖范围。  The examples above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention, where the basis of modifications and alterations made to the scope of claims of the invention and are claimed in the present invention should fall coverage requirements.
1.一种外挂屏式VR眼镜调整屏幕显示的方法,在所述外挂屏式VR眼镜的外挂屏装置的显示屏上显示有两个显示画面,其特征在于, 在VR眼镜上设置有能被外挂屏装置检测到的触点; 所述外挂屏装置检测所述触点的位置;以及根据检测到的触点位置调整所述两个显示画面的位置和/或大小。 1. A method of adjusting glasses VR Plug-screen display screen, a display screen displayed on the two-screen display device of the plug-in plug-screen VR glasses, characterized in that, there can be provided on the VR glasses detecting the contact plug panel means; means for detecting the position of said screen of said plug contacts; and according to the detected contact position adjustment of the two display position of the screen and / or size.
2.根据权利要求1所述的外挂屏式VR眼镜调整屏幕显示的方法,所述外挂屏式VR眼镜还包括瞳距调节器,所述触点随所述光学镜片移动且与所述光学镜片的相对位置固定不变。 Screen plug according to claim 1 of the formula VR glasses method for adjusting a screen display, the plug further comprising a platen VR glasses IPD regulator, said moving contact with said optical lens and the optical lens fixed relative position.
3.根据权利要求2所述的外挂屏式VR眼镜调整屏幕显示的方法,所述外挂屏式VR眼镜还包括分别与两个光学镜片相对应的两个光学镜片构架,两个所述光学镜片构架上或任意一个所述光学镜片构架上设置有所述触点。 The plug-screen VR glasses according to claim 2 The method of adjusting a screen display, the plug further comprising a platen glasses VR respectively corresponding to the two optical lens frame two optical lenses, said two optical lens on the frame or any one of the contacts provided on the optical lens frame.
4.根据权利要求3所述的外挂屏式VR眼镜调整屏幕显示的方法,其特征在于: 每个光学镜片构架上设置一个所述触点;或者在一个光学镜片构架上设置两个所述触点,在另一个光学镜片构架上设置一个或两个所述触点。 Plug-type screen according to claim 3, wherein said VR glasses method of adjusting a screen display, wherein: one of said contacts is provided on each optical lens frame; or the two contact disposed on a framework optical lens point, one or both of contacts provided on the other optical lens frame.
5.根据权利要求4所述的外挂屏式VR眼镜调整屏幕显示的方法,其特征在于:所述一个光学镜片构架上的两个所述触点按光学镜片的中心呈对称布置。 Plug according to claim 4, wherein the platen glasses VR method for adjusting a screen display, wherein: said contacts on one of said two optical lens frame by the symmetrical center of the optical lens arrangement.
6.根据权利要求3所述的外挂屏式VR眼镜调整屏幕显示的方法,其特征在于:只有一个光学镜片构架上设置有所述触点,同时在所述外挂屏式VR眼镜固定的位置上设置有固定触点, 所述方法还包括:所述外挂屏装置检测所述固定触点的位置; 调整所述两个显示画面的位置和/或大小的步骤具体为:根据所述固定触点的位置与所述一个光学镜片构架上的触点调整所述两个显示画面的位置和/或大小。 The plug-screen VR glasses according to claim 3, wherein the display screen adjusting method, wherein: only one of the contacts provided on the optical lens frame, while the plug-in fixed position on the platen glasses VR fixed contact is provided, the method further comprising: detecting a position of the plug-in screen means the fixed contact; adjusting the position of the two display screens and / or size of the step is specifically: the said fixed contact adjusting the position of contact with said one of said two optical lens frame display position of the screen and / or size.
7.根据权利要求1所述的外挂屏式VR眼镜调整屏幕显示的方法,其特征在于:所述触点为可被电容式触摸屏识别的电容触点或可被电阻式触摸屏识别的压力触点。 The plug-screen VR glasses according to claim 1 The method of adjusting a screen display, wherein: said contact is a capacitive touch screen can be identified or capacitor contacts may be identified resistive touch screen contact pressure .
8.—种外挂屏式VR眼镜的屏幕显示装置,其特征在于:用于执行权利要求1至7任一所述的外挂屏式VR眼镜调整屏幕显示的方法。 8.- kinds of glasses VR Plug-panel screen display apparatus, wherein: means for performing any of claims 1 to 7, a plug-screen of the VR glasses method for adjusting a screen display.
10.一种外挂屏式VR眼镜,其特征在于:所述外挂屏式VR眼镜包括能被外挂屏装置检测到的触点以及用于放置外挂屏装置的外挂屏固定结构,其中,所述外挂屏装置能够根据检测到的所述触点的位置而调整显示画面的位置和/或大小。 A plug-screen VR glasses, characterized in that: said plug-screen panel VR glasses comprising plug means can be detected by the contacts and plug-fixing structure for placement screen panel device plug, wherein said plug screen display apparatus capable of adjusting the screen position and / or size according to the position of the contact detected.


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Sega's disjointed hardware strategy: A story in pictures
November 4, 2009 by Tim · 2 Comments
It's no secret that Sega was all over the place towards the end of the 16-bit era in terms of their hardware strategy. There were two models of the base Genesis, two models of the basic Sega CD, the CDX combination system, third party hardware like the JVC X'Eye and other licensed devices, the Nomad, and, of course, the 32X. In other words, what a mess!
So, I always knew things had gotten complicated for Sega fans around the time of the 32X's release, but now that I've picked up a new-in-box console myself, it's really become clear how bad it really was. One of my favorite parts of getting an unopened gaming item from years past is looking through the stuff that comes in the box. Not just the game, systems, or manuals, but especially the advertising inserts. Opening these old games and systems is like a time capsule, and the 32X was especially interesting.
I figured a few other people out there might be interested in seeing some of the same things, so here are a few shots of what came in the 32X box, which really emphasize how much of a mess Sega's hardware strategy really was.
Let's start off a little easy. First of all, we have a flyer for the Genesis six-button controller. This controller did a nice job of segmenting the Genesis market. There were those who had the three button controller and couldn't make the most of the hottest games of the time: fighters. Mortal Kombat? Street Fighter II? Eternal Champions? Forget it, if you didn't have a six-button controller. Sure, you could play them, but why would you want to? I give Sega the benefit of the doubt on this one, though. The three-button controller was well past its prime and six buttons were practically required. Besides, controller changes are almost always for the better. This one was a fantastic upgrade, just like the NES dogbone controllers, and the Xbox S and Saturn revisions that would follow.
Six Button Flyer
Sure, an upgraded controller segments the market, but it was probably a good business decision in general, since the older controllers were so lacking. But this next one is odd. Did Sega really need to get into the business of making power strips? Well, they were kind of forced to. After all, if you had a Genesis, Sega CD, AND a 32X, then you'd have three separate AC adaptors. The best part? Most standard power strips can't fit three separate AC adaptors… So, Sega was there for its devoted fans:
Sega Power Strip
So, getting all your systems plugged in is a bit difficult, huh? Well, that's nothing compared to this next picture. Just think about all the different possible hardware combinations those power supplies were feeding. In fact, there were even different cords required for attaching the 32X to different base combinations! This picture sums it up nicely, but actually underestimates the problem. Where's the X'Eye? Where's the LaserActive?? Oh, and remember that the number of combos doubles once you add in the 32X!
Too many Sega combinations
The best part of all this? Even Sega themselves couldn't keep their different hardware combinations straight. As the next two pictures show, there was some definite confusion over the CDX. Was it supported or wasn't it? It seems they thought it was, but at the last second, decided it wasn't, so they slipped a warning card into the box and a sticker on its front to correct the out of date printed instructions. Oh, and how were people supposed to know that the 32X audio might not work properly for their model of Genesis if gamers only got to see this warning card after buying and opening the system?
32X Warning Card
Conflicting Information
Ahh, that was fun. I hope you get as much amusement out of all this as I did. It's sad to see Sega out of the hardware business, but when I see stuff like this, it's obvious they have nobody else to blame but themselves. Can you really hold it against consumers for being skeptical when Sega released the Saturn? As great as the system was (and really, the Sega CD and 32X aren't awful platforms, either), I can understand why things turned out the way they did.
Oh, and as for my Genesis/CD/32X setup? Yeah, it's a mess, too. To make matters worse, the system just ends up flat out freezing when I play anything on the 32X. Fun! Notice the extra A/V cord for the Model 1 Genesis, the otherwise useless piece of spacer plastic for the Model 2 Genesis, and the two totally different controllers. Plus the Sonic & Knuckles with lock-on Sonic 3! Maybe "disjointed hardware strategy" is an understatement…
Sega 32X'Eye
Filed under Collecting, Sega 32X, Time Capsule · Tagged with WTF
Time Capsule: The NES Network
July 16, 2007 by Tim · Leave a Comment
Back when I subscribed to gaming magazines, I always liked to hold onto them and look through them a few years later. It was always fun to read the old articles in a new light with the knowledge of what came true and what didn't. It seems I'm not the only one with that interest, as magazine scans seem quite popular in the retro gaming community. Unfortunately, I threw away all my old magazines while I was in college, so I can't partake in that pastime any longer.
But thanks to the internet, there's actually a whole new world of old game-related articles to explore — ones outside the gaming press. A lot of people look through old game magazines, but what about old newspaper articles, press releases, and trade magazines? All of them cover video gaming in some way, and I find them incredibly interesting to read through. What was the press saying about the release of the Game Boy? What were they saying about the heady days of the mid-90s when the market was flooded with various game platforms? What products and projects were announced but never saw the light of day? There are an interesting number of parallels between the industry of 15-20 years ago and the industry of today.
I'd like to kick this feature off with an article about a project that Nintendo and AT&T announced in 1989 that seemingly disappeared immediately afterwards: the NES Network.
Nintendo, AT&T to plug into the interactive field – Nintendo of America Inc. and American Telephone and Telegraph Co. form joint venture to enter computer shopping field
Discount Store News, Sept 4, 1989 by Arthur Markowitz
Nintendo, AT&T to Plug Into the Interactive Field
Two major corporations, American Telephone & Telegraph and Nintendo of America, last month charged up the interactive computer shopping and information service field when they announced plans to enter the nascent business.
The two companies are expected to form a joint venture to originate and deliver shopping, entertainment and information services, as well as pursuing separate endeavors in the interactive business.
This seems like it was a common concept, back in the day. But ultimately, the PC and the web proved to be the breakthrough technologies for electronic shopping and information services. Still, devices like the modern consoles are starting to realize this original vision — the Wii's news and weather channels, the Xbox 360's movie downloads, and the PlayStation Network's upcoming music service are all reminiscent of this old goal.
Nintendo, meanwhile, has set up an NES Network division to develop and market an information service by next year. It has named Jerry Ruttenbur, previously a senior vice president with Home Box Office, to the newly created post of vice president of network products to head up the NES Network.
The NES Network? Jerry Ruttenbur? What? Who?
Nintendo will use its game system now in about 20 million households as the base for the NES Network.
The control deck used to run the Nintendo game–which sells for about $100 in discount stores–will be the processor for the projected information system, with a keyboard, modem and a device that combines a computer disk reader and a facsimile machine as the other hardware. The other hardware together is expected to cost about another $300 to $400.
I can definitely see the logic behind Nintendo's strategy here. It was an era where PCs were still incredibly expensive and not many people owned them. But millions had NESes. Why not turn those millions of little gray boxes into networking capable machines for a fraction of the cost? It certainly seems to make sense. But then again, the WebTV probably made sense, too…
A Nintendo spokesman said the company was considering several different configurations for its system and hadn't decided on the exact technology or even marketing plan for the NES Network.
Ruttenbur is responsible for design, marketing and sales of products for the system. The company won't detail its plan until after he joins Nintendo in October, he said.
Hmm, now maybe we're getting some hints about why this never came to pass. Did the plan for Ruttenbur to join Nintendo fall through? Did he join but fail to design a compelling product? Actually, a little additional reading indicates that he did join Nintendo of America but wasn't given adequate support for designing the network and hardware. He ultimately resigned shortly thereafter, in 1991. It seems NOA was not that enthusiastic about the project, despite the existence of a similar service in Japan.
Nintendo's thrust into interactive information services is part of the company's efforts to change its game system from a toy into a computer, a move that will blur the merchandising distinction between toys, consumer electronics and computers.
The spokesman said Nintendo's strategy was to get its technology and basic system into as many households as possible and then provide other hardware that will turn what was first viewed as a toy into a multi-function device.
This is probably the most compelling section of the article. Convergence devices have been a hot topic for years, and apparently even Nintendo was on the bandwagon at one point. In fact, people in the tech industry are still talking about blurring the line between game systems, PCs, and other electronic devices. You don't need to look any further than the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 to see it. Interestingly, Nintendo seems to be the least ambitious of the modern game companies in this regard, despite their attitudes 18 years ago.
Nintendo strived to first "offer a non-intimidating and affordable device to consumers and bit by bit build into a computer." The NES Network's success would be based on the huge installed user base of the Nintendo game, he said.
But while their strategy to turn game systems into computers is long gone, their goal to create "non-intimidating" devices is as strong as ever with the DS and Wii…
I think this article leaves us with plenty to think about. What could have been? What would the internet look like today if efforts by Nintendo and others had succeeded in getting the masses online in the early 90s? What would game systems look like today if these project were actually seen through? Would the notion of a "game system" be completely obsolete? I kind of like the niche that game systems have established for themselves, but it's no doubt that a lot of people had much bigger ideas.
If you're interested in more details on AT&T's role or more information on what Nintendo's Japanese service was like, I'd recommend reading the full article.
Filed under NES, Time Capsule · Tagged with

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Description: Photo #: S-584-167 Preliminary Study # 2. ... Air Craft Carrier ... 32-3/4 knot, November 17, 1920 Preliminary design plan for an aircraft carrier for the Fiscal Year 1922 shipbuilding program (Preliminary Study # 2). This drawing was prepared by the Bureau of Construction and Repair in response to draft characteristics provided by the General Board on 6 November 1920 in order for the Bureau to be able to discuss design tradeoffs at a planned General Board hearing. This version met all the draft characteristics except for speed and provided much greater aircraft storage than Scheme # 1 (see Photo # S-584-169-A and Photo # S-584-169-B). No ships were built to this concept, which was superseded by new designs in 1921 (see Photo # S-584-179.) This plan provided sixteen 6-inch guns, electric drive machinery, and a speed of 32.75 knots in a ship 810 feet long on the waterline, 80 feet in beam on the waterline, and with a normal displacement of 35,000 tons. The original document was ink on paper (black on white). The original plan is in the 1911-1925 Spring Styles Book. U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command Photograph.


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The Young Marx
Scott McLemee
The Young Karl Marx is a nuanced and surprisingly accurate portrait of the revolutionary as a young man.
A still from The Young Karl Marx. Cineuropa
Released last year but receiving as yet very little English-language press coverage, Der Junge Karl Marx is a nuanced and surprisingly accurate portrait of the revolutionary as a young man. That said, I cannot vouch for the chase scene.
Regarding which, more anon. First a couple of circumstances that bode well for the film's chances of reaching a wider audience once The Young Karl Marx (the title I saw it under at a film festival recently) becomes available on DVD and via streaming. Its director is Raoul Peck, the Haitian filmmaker whose I Am Not Your Negro, a documentary about James Baldwin, was nominated for the Oscars last year. And the timing is good: this coming May 5 will mark the two-hundredth anniversary of Marx's birth. Add, say, the findings in World Bank report released this week, The Changing Wealth of Nations 2018, and the potential for interest in the film looks promising. Over the past two decades, global wealth grew "grew an estimated 66 percent," the report says, "from $690 trillion to $1,143 trillion in constant 2014 US dollars at market prices," while "per capita wealth declined or stagnated in more than two dozen countries in various income brackets."
If anything, those figures understate the gap. It was defined more starkly two years ago by Oxfam: "the richest 1 percent have now accumulated more wealth than the rest of the world put together. . . . Meanwhile, the wealth owned by the bottom half of humanity has fallen by a trillion dollars in the past five years."
As the middle-aged Marx put it when writing for the New York Tribune in 1859: "[t]here must be something rotten in the very core of a social system which increases its wealth without diminishing its misery." His understanding of that system identified tendencies toward economic crisis and breakdown as inherent in the normal functioning of capitalism itself. The tweaks and patches improvised to keep things moving become, in due course, sources of turbulence. (How to square stagnating wages with the need for constantly renewed household purchasing power? With more and more consumer credit — plus the chance for investors to wager on securities tied to mortgage failure! That'll fix it.) These are insights it is unfortunately necessary to recover from time to time.
Peck and his screenwriters have availed themselves of very few of the imaginative liberties usually permitted in the making of a biopic. The Young Karl Marx sticks closely to the record, with some of the dialogue adapted from correspondence or memoirs and the casting director clearly working from portraits of the original figures. It can be difficult to imagine that there was ever a young man beneath the iconic Marx, with his prophetic and imposing beard. But August Diehl bears a striking resemblance to a drawing of Marx in his early twenties, and depicts him with just the confrontational edge that comes through in his letters to Friedrich Engels. The latter is played by Stefan Konarske — and again the likeness to pictures of the young Engels, especially in demeanor, shows more attention to the biographical sources than the genre necessarily requires.
The film opens in 1842 with Marx and his fellow philosopher-journalists at the Rheinische Zeitung being arrested for Marx's scathing coverage of debates in the local parliament — in particular, his articles on new laws taking away the traditional right of peasants to gather deadwood on a landowner's property. Marx himself later wrote that reporting on such grubby matters had been his first push toward studying economic issues. On screen, it appears as Marx's breaking point with the Young Hegelians (not a circle I ever expected to see on film) and the beginning of a series of clashes with government officials and hurried moves from country to country with his wife and children — living the life of an impecunious political exile that continues long after the end of the movie, which coincides with publication of The Communist Manifesto in 1848. For the record, the final scene contains the only significant factual mistake I noticed: Marx tells Engels he will be writing for the New York Tribune, though in fact he was only offered the job in 1851.
Now, a film that begins with its hero writing for one newspaper and ends with him taking a position at another newspaper is going to need a lot more than verisimilitude going for it. And that is also true even — or perhaps especially — when intervening developments largely concern the shaping of a political doctrine. What The Young Karl Marx has working to its advantage is that the 1840s were an exceptionally lively decade. Cold War–era accounts sometimes made it sound like Marx was a misanthropic recluse, scribbling diatribes read mostly by other fanatics. Peck stands that myth on its head in the first scene of Karl and Jenny in Paris, attending a political banquet addressed by Pierre-Joseph Proudhon.
Such banquets were a big part of the oppositional political scene in France at the time. In reading about them, I've always imagined a big hall with waiters bringing food to large tables — nothing like the event depicted in the film. What we see is more like an open-air rally during the daytime, with booths for food and books for sale. Proudhon takes the stage to speak about the need for an economy that won't grind the people into the dirt. He's surrounded by what looks like an entourage of co-thinkers who don't look especially happy about it when Marx throws "the master" a hard question, though both he and the audience seem to enjoy the exchange. And it so happens that some of that audience is black — a nice touch and Raoul Peck's reminder that his ancestors were part of French history even if historians have sometimes written them out of it.
In short, we get a glimpse at a culture of political debate — the first of several. In later events, the audience consists more and more of working men and women, some of them devoted to Proudhon, others drawn to the religiously tinged radical vision of Wilhelm Weitling, a German tailor of great eloquence. In time, Marx and Engels find themselves both working and arguing with these comrades, with Marx in particular proving constitutionally incapable of politesse. Of course, he's even less diplomatic upon meeting a British industrialist who insists that if child labor is abolished, he won't be able to turn a profit.
Textbook boilerplate has it that the Manifesto launched an international revolutionary movement. But The Young Karl Marx shows what that truism leaves out: Marx and Engels were part of, and were shaped by, a movement from below of people who fought not for ideals but for survival. The point of the manifesto was to give that movement an analysis of some breadth and depth. Whatever the failings of Marx and Engels's shorter-term projections, the lines read in voice-over concern something closer at hand than nineteenth-century social conditions.
I failed to note down exactly which passage was used, but in looking over the text, I am struck once again by the lucidity and precision of what the authors saw:
All old-established national industries have been destroyed or are daily being destroyed. They are dislodged by new industries, whose introduction becomes a life and death question for all civilised nations, by industries that no longer work up indigenous raw material, but raw material drawn from the remotest zones; industries whose products are consumed, not only at home, but in every quarter of the globe. In place of the old wants, satisfied by the production of the country, we find new wants, requiring for their satisfaction the products of distant lands and climes. In place of the old local and national seclusion and self-sufficiency, we have intercourse in every direction, universal interdependence of nations. And as in material, so also in intellectual production. The intellectual creations of individual nations become common property.
This vision of hybridity applies to The Young Karl Marx itself — a film in German, French, and English, directed by a Haitian in a medium well suited to communicating across wide cultural differences. Which brings me back to how in the film, shortly after Marx and Engels meet and begin exchanging ideas, they soon run into police who are hassling immigrants. They try to escape, and the chase is on! I've checked the biographies and find no indication that this actually happened. But maybe the director is tipping his hat to American cinema by imagining Marx and Engels in a buddy movie.
Republished from Inside Higher Ed .
Scott McLemee has served on the board of the National Book Critics Circle and received its citation for excellence in reviewing. He writes the weekly column "Intellectual Affairs" for Inside Higher Ed.
Jenny Marx
Joseph-Pierre Proudhon
Released last year but receiving as yet very little English-language press coverage, Der Junge Karl Marx is a nuanced and surprisingly accurate portrait of the revolutionary as a young man. That said, I cannot vouch for the chase scene. Regarding which, more anon. First a couple of circumstances that bode well for the film's chances […]
Marx on the Silver Screen
Bruno Leipold
The Legacy of Eleanor Marx
Harrison Fluss
Subversive Beginnings
The Life of Jenny Marx


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Roberto Gesta de Melo (né le  à Manaus) est un dirigeant sportif brésilien, président de la Confédération brésilienne d'athlétisme (CBAt) et de la Confédération sudaméricaine d'athlétisme (Consudatle) ainsi que membre du Conseil de l'IAAF.

Liens externes

Dirigeant sportif brésilien
Naissance en mars 1945
Naissance à Manaus

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Louise Casey is to lead a review into improving the integration of Britain's minorities as part of a broader effort to tackle extremism. Why do prime ministers keep coming back to this most unorthodox of civil servants?
Call Casey - that's the cry that seems to go up in Downing Street whenever there is a hot button social issue to be tackled.
For nearly two decades now, she has blazed a trail through Whitehall, charming Labour and Conservative leaders alike with her blunt, no-nonsense approach to complex problems.
She is the social worker who doesn't sound like a social worker, the policy expert who doesn't send you to sleep.
As a result, she has collected more titles than a member of the Russian royal family.
She was Tony Blair's Anti-Social Behaviour tsar, and then his Respect tsar and then - as the Labour government gave way to the coalition - the first Independent Commissioner for Victims and Witnesses for England and Wales (or Victim's tsar).
She gave up that role to take charge of an inquiry into the 2011 London riots. Then, in September last year, she was appointed by former local government secretary Eric Pickles to head the independent inspection of children's services at Rotherham Council in the wake of the child sexual exploitation scandal and examine whether it covered up information about the abuse.
Since 2011, her main job has been director general of the government's "troubled families" unit.
She has her critics - she was once branded the "punitive face of Tony Blair" by probation officers' union boss Harry Fletcher, who took exception to her work on anti-social behaviour.
But politicians seem to value her because, in the words of former Labour Home Secretary Jacqui Smith in a 2010 Radio 4 profile, she can "really cut through the bureaucracy and Blarney" and get things done.
In a world of cautious, politically correct, hedge-betting civil servants, 50-year-old Casey has always stood out.
Casey was born in Cornwall and grew up in Portsmouth in a working class household - she and her brother were the first members of her family to go to university.
She studied history at Goldsmith's College, London, and threw herself into student activism, marching against student loans and becoming a member of Amnesty International.
Friends recall a big character, funny and charismatic, who loved making speeches and could not resist a karaoke night (Billie Holiday and The Beatles were favourites apparently).
Her first job was as a benefits clerk for the DHSS but she soon moved into the charity sector, with the London Homeless Network. By 27, she was deputy director of homeless charity Shelter.
She was drafted into government in 1999 as the head of Labour's Rough Sleeper's Unit and ran into immediate controversy by suggesting that homeless charities were making it too easy for people to sleep on the streets by providing soup runs and top-of-the-range sleeping bags.
In 2002, Tony Blair made her head of the government's Anti-Social Behaviour Unit, with a brief to tackle "yob culture".
She almost came unstuck three years later when she was secretly recorded making an expletive laden speech to police officers and senior civil servants in which she appeared to mock her own department's stand on alcohol abuse.
"I suppose you can't binge drink any more because lots of people have said you can't do it. I don't know who bloody made that up; it's nonsense . . . Doing things sober is no way to get things done," she told her audience.
She also took a swipe at one of the favourite Whitehall obsessions of the era: "If No 10 says bloody 'evidence-based policy' to me one more time, I'll deck them."
She came close to being sacked over that incident but was cleared by an internal civil service investigation. She became a little more guarded in her public statements after that but still managed to grab headlines on a regular basis.
"The Daily Mail don't like me 'cos I'm female and fat and lefty. Other people on the left think I sleep with the devil," she told The Guardian in 2013.
The problems Casey has been asked to tackle during her career are often hard to define and even harder to measure.
Is there less anti-social behaviour in Britain and more "respect" as a result of Casey's work?
Anti-Social Behaviour Orders were hugely controversial, with critics claiming they were too punitive and arbitrary. Casey claimed they transformed lives and they have survived, in modified form, to the present day.
The troubled families unit was meant to "turn around" the lives of 120,000 families by May this year.
"We are not running some cuddly social workers programme," Casey told The Daily Telegraph when the scheme was launched.
"We should be talking about things like shame and guilt...we have lost the ability to be judgmental because we worry about being seen as nasty to poor people."
The idea was to ditch the patchwork of different agencies in favour of a single, dedicated intervention worker, who would effectively take over the chaotic lives of those identified to be causing the most problems in their area. Casey ordered them to go where other social workers feared to tread.
"Some of these women are on child protection plans because of the men they insist on living with. Family intervention is about getting in there and saying 'actually, you know your kids are going to be taken away if you don't do something about this fella - I'll help you do it'. And they do," she told BBC News in 2013.
Local authorities were paid by results, such as getting a child back into school, reducing crime or a family member getting, and keeping, a job.
In November last year, Eric Pickles said that more than 69,000 families had turned around their lives according to this criteria and the government was well on the way to meeting its target - but some wondered whether the improvements to the families in the programme would last.
Perhaps Casey's real value to politicians - and the reason she keeps being asked to produce reports on difficult social problems - is that she say is able to say things in public that they think privately (that social workers are too "soft" for example).
She has the authority of someone who has got her hands dirty - she would go down a "crack alley" to find out why someone was taking drugs, a friend told a BBC Radio 4 profile - and the sort of drive to get the job done that is highly prized in the civil service.
But she also appears to have a handle on the emotional lives of those she is trying to help.
"They've got trouble in their souls, trouble in their heart, troubles in their head," she said of the young single mothers who were the focus of the troubled families unit, arguing that their problems stemmed from "not having enough love or of having too much pain".
Her latest role - to produce "a comprehensive review into boosting opportunity and integration to bring Britain together as one nation", which David Cameron hopes will lead to more people from ethnic and minority backgrounds feeling they have a stake in society - must be her toughest, most wide-ranging and politically sensitive challenge yet.
One thing is certain though - she won't sugarcoat her conclusions.


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"Отбор Гуфи" () е американски анимационен ситком, продуциран от Walt Disney Television Animation. Сериалът фокусира във връзката между самотния баща Гуфи и неговия син, Макс, както и неговите съседи Пийт и неговото семейство. Създаден е от Робърт Тейлър и Майкъл Пераза младши, сериалът се състои от 65 епизода.

Уолт Дисни Пикчърс пусна два филма, които послужиха като проследяване на сериала – "Гуфи" (A Goofy Movie), който е пуснат по кината на 7 април 1995 г., както и продължението му "Екстремния филм на Гуфи" (An Extremely Goofy Movie), пуснат директно на видео на 29 февруари 2000 г.

"Отбор Гуфи" В България
В България е излъчен по Канал 1 през 2005 г. с български дублаж. Дублажът е насинхронен в студио Александра Аудио и продуцент на българската версия е Disney Character Voices International. Екипът се състои от:

Източници

Външни препратки

 Официален сайт

Сериали на Дисни
Анимационни сериали


When Can Texas Employees Utilize Intermittent Leave Under the FMLA?
In certain situations related to an employee's spouse, child, or parent who has been called to active duty.
Many employees are aware of the basic rules of the FMLA, but intermittent leave is a topic that is not widely understood. Intermittent leave can be taken in situations in which it is medically necessary to take leave in separate blocks of time or to reduce a work schedule for a single qualifying medical reason. However, intermittent leave is not guaranteed under the FMLA.
There are many situations in which intermittent leave may be necessary. For example, intermittent leave may be taken in cases in which an employee needs to take several half-days to tend to a chronically ill child's medical appointments. Another example would be when an employee is undergoing dialysis and must take certain days off for treatment and the accompanying fatigue.
Under federal regulations, employees must provide their employer with notice of their need for intermittent leave "as soon as practicable." In the same vein, employers must have written policies that outline their leave policies. Moreover, employers are not permitted to require employees to use their personal time off, vacation, or sick time before utilizing FMLA leave.
Although employees may be terminated while they are on FMLA leave, the reason for the employee's termination cannot be based on the fact that they took FMLA leave. If an employee suspects that they were terminated because they took FMLA leave, they should consult with an attorney.
Have You Been Subjected to Discrimination Because You Took Leave Under the FMLA?
If you have faced discrimination because you took leave under the FMLA, or have been denied leave under the FMLA, you should contact the Dallas FMLA lawyers at Rob Wiley, P.C. The attorneys at Rob Wiley, P.C. have decades of experience litigating complex employment discrimination cases. We make every effort to make sure that our clients get the relief they deserve. Contact the law firm of Rob Wiley, P.C. at 214-528-6500 to schedule your free initial consultation today.


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Board of Ethics to Jack Young: You can't vote on some issues
Young's vote could cost him council seat, garner fine, nullify city contracts
Jack Young
Baltimore's City Council president and member of the Board of Estimates can't legally or ethically vote on many important issues, the WBAL-TV 11 News I-Team reported.Jack Young has one of the most powerful positions in city government. As City Council president, he serves on the five-member Board of Estimates, which decides how city taxpayer money is spent.Since coming into office, Young maintains that he abstains out of an abundance of caution to avoid even the slightest appearance of a conflict of interest -- an argument that let him off the hook on a number of tough issues, WBAL-TV 11 News I-Team reporter David Collins said.In September, the 11 News I-Team challenged Young's explanation. Since then, Young sought an opinion from the city's Board of Ethics, and some feel the ruling severely limits his ability to effectively serve.The 11 News I-Team has learned that Young could lose his powerful seat, be fined and cause city contracts to become null and void by simply voting on issues related to three city agencies and two private entities. Referring to Young, Crenson said the ruling "basically handcuffs him.""I think this is one of those cases where the law parts company with common sense," said Matthew Crenson, professor emeritus of political science at Johns Hopkins University.According to the Board of Ethics opinion, Young must recuse himself from voting on all matters involving the following entities:Department of Public WorksBaltimore Housing AuthorityThe Mayor's Office of Information TechnologyJohns Hopkins Hospitala local head start centerAn 11 News I-Team examination of five months of Board of Estimates minutes found that Young abstained 201 times out of 279 items up for a vote -- 72 percent of the time.Baltimore Mayor Stephanie Rawlings-Blake abstained 48 times, and Comptroller Joan Pratt abstained 45 times during the same period.Young has to abstain because he has a brother who works as a DPW laborer; another brother who handles human resources grievances for the Housing Authority; a sister who answers 311 calls; his wife, who schedules patient appointments at the Johns Hopkins Hospital Department of Pediatrics; and a relative who teaches at a local head start center."One of the gaps in the ethics board ruling, although it is perfectly legal, is that they haven't made the case that the City Council president's relatives are actually going to be affected in any way by the votes that he makes," Young said.Through a spokesman, Young declined to comment, at least not until after the Board of Ethics responds to his appeal to reconsider. That letter of appeal reads, in part, "My constituents demand that I seize the opportunity to weigh in on all matters impacting health, safety and growth of this city. I believe your decision is in direct opposition to the wishes of the people.""I don't think you can be an effective leader if you are recusing yourself on material matter after material matter," said Richard Vatz, professor of rhetoric and communication at Towson University.Among his options, Young could challenge the opinion in court, vote anyway or offer full disclosure before each vote and hope no one makes a big deal out of it.Should the council president cast a vote, the consequences could cost him. According to Article 8, Sections 9-4 and 9-8 of the Baltimore City Code, a violation of ethics rules could garner fines of up to $1,000 per violation -- or, per vote -- per day."A City Council president's vote is generally quite important in legislation," Vatz said. "If you have to serially recuse yourself, are you sufficiently effective that you should be serving at all?"Some at City Hall said they consider the Board of Ethics' decision a cover to avoid making tough decisions. They question why the ethics ruling doesn't apply to Young lobbying for or against legislation behind the scenes to influence a vote he can't cast.The city's Board of Estimates includes the mayor, City Council president, the comptroller, the city solicitor and the Public Works director. The City Council president serves as president of the Board of Estimates, and the comptroller serves as secretary to the board.
Baltimore's City Council president and member of the Board of Estimates can't legally or ethically vote on many important issues, the WBAL-TV 11 News I-Team reported.
Jack Young has one of the most powerful positions in city government. As City Council president, he serves on the five-member Board of Estimates, which decides how city taxpayer money is spent.
From tough to mundane, Jack Young abstains
Since coming into office, Young maintains that he abstains out of an abundance of caution to avoid even the slightest appearance of a conflict of interest -- an argument that let him off the hook on a number of tough issues, WBAL-TV 11 News I-Team reporter David Collins said.
In September, the 11 News I-Team challenged Young's explanation. Since then, Young sought an opinion from the city's Board of Ethics, and some feel the ruling severely limits his ability to effectively serve.
The 11 News I-Team has learned that Young could lose his powerful seat, be fined and cause city contracts to become null and void by simply voting on issues related to three city agencies and two private entities. Referring to Young, Crenson said the ruling "basically handcuffs him."
"I think this is one of those cases where the law parts company with common sense," said Matthew Crenson, professor emeritus of political science at Johns Hopkins University.
According to the Board of Ethics opinion, Young must recuse himself from voting on all matters involving the following entities:
Baltimore Housing Authority
The Mayor's Office of Information Technology
Johns Hopkins Hospital
a local head start center
An 11 News I-Team examination of five months of Board of Estimates minutes found that Young abstained 201 times out of 279 items up for a vote -- 72 percent of the time.
Baltimore Mayor Stephanie Rawlings-Blake abstained 48 times, and Comptroller Joan Pratt abstained 45 times during the same period.
Young has to abstain because he has a brother who works as a DPW laborer; another brother who handles human resources grievances for the Housing Authority; a sister who answers 311 calls; his wife, who schedules patient appointments at the Johns Hopkins Hospital Department of Pediatrics; and a relative who teaches at a local head start center.
"One of the gaps in the ethics board ruling, although it is perfectly legal, is that they haven't made the case that the City Council president's relatives are actually going to be affected in any way by the votes that he makes," Young said.
Through a spokesman, Young declined to comment, at least not until after the Board of Ethics responds to his appeal to reconsider. That letter of appeal reads, in part, "My constituents demand that I seize the opportunity to weigh in on all matters impacting health, safety and growth of this city. I believe your decision is in direct opposition to the wishes of the people."
"I don't think you can be an effective leader if you are recusing yourself on material matter after material matter," said Richard Vatz, professor of rhetoric and communication at Towson University.
Among his options, Young could challenge the opinion in court, vote anyway or offer full disclosure before each vote and hope no one makes a big deal out of it.
Should the council president cast a vote, the consequences could cost him. According to Article 8, Sections 9-4 and 9-8 of the Baltimore City Code, a violation of ethics rules could garner fines of up to $1,000 per violation -- or, per vote -- per day.
"A City Council president's vote is generally quite important in legislation," Vatz said. "If you have to serially recuse yourself, are you sufficiently effective that you should be serving at all?"
Some at City Hall said they consider the Board of Ethics' decision a cover to avoid making tough decisions. They question why the ethics ruling doesn't apply to Young lobbying for or against legislation behind the scenes to influence a vote he can't cast.
The city's Board of Estimates includes the mayor, City Council president, the comptroller, the city solicitor and the Public Works director. The City Council president serves as president of the Board of Estimates, and the comptroller serves as secretary to the board.


Collaborative Youth Concerts bring together high school choruses from different districts to master challenging repertoire and perform together in concert.
Collaborative Youth Concerts bring together high school choruses from different districts to master challenging repertoire and perform together in concert with H+H's Associate Conductor and members of its Period Instrument Orchestra and Chorus. The concerts are in the students' own schools for their peers, teachers, families, and community members.
For more information, please contact Emily Reed, Vice President of Education and Community Engagement, [email protected] or 617 262 1815 x117.
COLLABORATIVE YOUTH CONCERTS ARE A COMPONENT OF THE KAREN S. AND GEORGE D. LEVY EDUCATION PROGRAM.


Kumasi, Dec 02, GNA - A pastor on Thursday told the minority political parties to stop wasting resources and energy fighting next week's general election since none of them would be able to unseat the incumbent New Patriotic Party (NPP).
Prophet Paul Boakye-Asiamah, Founder and Leader of Abednago Incarnation Ministry, said the minority parties "are fighting a losing battle.
''The NPP, under President John Agyekum Kufuor has been ordained to retain political power."
Prophet Boakye-Asiamah told the Ghana News Agency that this was a divine message given to him by God.
"I will be incurring the wrath of the Living God if I fail to tell Ghanaians what He has revealed to me".


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The confidence of businesses within the economy, as measured by the periodic survey of business owners and managers has yet again fallen – for the third consecutive time running this year. This is according to Bank of Ghana's (BoG) latest Business Confidence Survey data released on Friday.
The survey, which forms part of the real sector indicators, revealed that the central bank's business confidence index as at October this year, had dropped to 95.1 percent from the 99.9 percent recorded in August and 101.4 percent in the first six month of the year.
The survey showed a sharp decline in confidence from August to October, represented by a 4.80 percentage points decline in the index which was considerably steeper than the decline recorded from June to August which stood at -1.4 percentage points.
This economic indicator measures the amount of optimism or pessimism that business managers feel about the prospects of their companies, as well as providing an overview of the state of the economy.
Corresponding to this data is the Association of Ghana Industries (AGI) business barometer for the Third Quarter of 2018, which also showed a correlating sharp decline in business confidence from 104.8 percent to 95 percent, representing a 9.35 percentage points drop.
This development, according to the AGI is a clear indication that business are suffering.
The Association indicates that the cedi's significant depreciation against major international trading currencies which continued into the second half of the year, has created some uncertainties in the business arena regarding the stability of the cedi. Indeed it has led to both significant increases in business operating costs, especially for enterprises that are largely import dependent and has complicated product pricing decisions, with some businesses opting for inventory replacement pricing which tends to be self-fulfilling with regards to fanning inflationary expectations.
Consumer confidence as measured by the BoG's consumer confidence index, as at October this year has also eased consistently to reach 92.3 percent down from 98.1 percent and 102.2 percent recorded for August and June, respectively.
The Consumer Confidence Survey reflects prevailing consumer sentiments as expressed by households and likely developments in those sentiments for the months ahead. Consumers are worried both by fears of rising inflation in the face of cedi depreciation and fuel price increases, and by perceptions of illiquidity at the household level which is adversely affecting their perceived purchasing power.
Both business and consumer confidence, as measured by the BoG's index's rose dung the second half of 2017.
Instructively, the consistent falls in both business and consumer confidence through this year reflect both lower economic activity and slower actual economic growth as compared to last year.. The BoG's Composite Index of Economic Activity increased, in real terms by 4.2% year on year up to September this year, compared with a 7.0% increase over the previous 12 month period. Similarly real Gross Domestic Product growth was 5.4% year on year as at June 2018, down from 11.1% over the previous one year period, while excluding oil it was 5.0%, down from 6.7% over the previous 12 month period.


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Tag: Hagia Sophia
Lost Voices of Hagia Sophia: More Relevant Than Ever
News | Jul. 13
This week media outlets across the world thrust Hagia Sophia into the limelight, reporting the action by current authorities to clear the way for the UNESCO World Heritage Site to be changed from a museum to a mosque. Cappella Romana's Lost Voices of Hagia Sophia is more relevant than ever: to shine a light on Hagia… Continue reading Lost Voices of Hagia Sophia: More Relevant Than Ever
Smithsonian Magazine Features Icons of Sound
News | Dec. 28
Our "Icons of Sound" concert and collaboration with Stanford University gets a fantastic feature in the Smithsonian Magazine: "Hagia Sophia, a former church and mosque, is an important part of Istanbul's long history. Who knew its sublime sound could be transferred to Stanford? Twice in the past few years, Stanford scholars and scientists have worked… Continue reading Smithsonian Magazine Features Icons of Sound