text:
Programs & Campaigns /
Programs & Initiatives /
Dental Health /
Report of the National Advisory Council on Dental Health
Outcomes and Impact of Oral Disease
The National Advisory Council on Dental Health (the Council) was established as a time-limited group to provide strategic, independent advice on dental health issues, as requested by Minister for Health and Ageing, to the Government. The Council's priority task was to provide advice on dental policy options and priorities for consideration in the 2012-13 Budget.
The start of this Chapter defined oral health − this section provides details on why good oral health is important. Oral disease is very common and its impact on individuals and society is significant. We believe these impacts can be underestimated for both the individual and the health system. It is important to understand that for those who find access difficult, the delay in dental treatment can often result in serious infection and pain with poor oral health outcomes. Beyond the individual, the broader cost to the health system is also a concern, with costs focused on the treatment of pain and infection, rather than access to a dental practitioner for the treatment of the underlying cause.
Impacts on Individuals
The National Oral Health Plan 2004–13 highlights the importance of oral health and the impact of oral disease:
"Oral health is fundamental to overall health, wellbeing and quality of life. A healthy mouth enables people to eat, speak and socialise without pain, discomfort or embarrassment. The impact of oral disease on people's everyday lives is subtle and pervasive, influencing eating, sleep, work and social roles. The prevalence and recurrences of these impacts constitutes a silent epidemic."31
31 Healthy Mouths, Healthy Lives: Australia's National Oral Health Plan 2004–13 (2004). Prepared by the National Advisory Committee on Oral Health.
Oral diseases and disorders create short term and prolonged physical discomfort. Pain, infection and tooth loss are the most common consequences of oral disease, causing difficulties with chewing, swallowing, speaking, and can disrupt sleep and productivity. The National Survey of Adult Oral Health 2004–06 indicates that of the Australian population: 17.4 per cent avoid foods due to dental problems; 15.1 per cent experience toothache; and 22.6 per cent experience orofacial (jaw) pain.32 Dental disease can also lead to destruction of soft tissues in the mouth, leading to lasting disability and, in rare cases, death.
32 Harford, J. and Spencer A.J. Chapter 7 – Oral Health Perceptions, In Slade, G.D., Spencer, A.J., Roberts–Thomson, K.F. (editors) (2007), Australia's Dental Generations: The National Survey of Adult Oral Health 2004–06, AIHW Dental Statistics and Research Series No. 34, pp.173–184.
Oral health is integral to general health. Tooth loss is directly associated with deteriorating diet and compromised nutrition,33 which can impair general health and exacerbate existing health conditions. Further, the mouth is often an entry point for infections, which may spread to other parts of the body.34 International research indicates there are associations between chronic oral infections and heart and lung diseases, stroke, low birth–weight and premature births. Associations between periodontal disease and diabetes have also been noted in international literature.35
33 Locker, D. (1992), 'The burden of oral health in a population of older adults', Community Dental Health, June; 9(2), pp.109–24.
34 US Department of Health and Human Services (2000), Oral health in America: A report of the Surgeon General, Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, pp.104–109.
35 ibid, pp.109–123.
Dental disease negatively impacts general quality of life, affecting not only physical wellbeing but also psychological and social wellbeing.36 The US Department of Health and Human Services notes these impacts include: "a tendency to avoid social contact as a result of concerns over facial appearance... [and]… persistent pain has similar isolating and depressing effects". Further: "given the importance of the mouth and teeth in verbal and non–verbal communication, diseases that disrupt their functions are likely to damage self–image and alter the ability to sustain and build social relationships".37 Dental disease can affect the way a person looks and sounds, with a significant impact on wellbeing – a person whose appearance and speech are impaired by dental disease can experience anxiety, depression, poor self–esteem and social stigma which in turn may inhibit opportunities for education, employment and social relationships.
36 "The World Health Organization defined health as the 'complete state of physical, mental, and social well–being and not merely the absence of infirmity'. Physical well–being assumes the ability to function normally in activities such as bathing, dressing, eating, and moving around. Mental well–being implies that cognitive faculties are intact and that there is no burden of fear, anxiety, stress, depression, or other negative emotions. Social wellbeing relates to one's ability to participate in society, fulfilling roles as family member, friend, worker, or citizen or in other ways engaging in interactions with others." ibid, p.133.
37 ibid, p.137.
The financial impact of oral disease for individuals includes the out–of–pocket costs for private care, estimated to be $4.698 billion per annum as at 2009–10. Acute dental conditions also can restrict the participation of adults in the workforce, including restricted duties and lost work days due to dental related illness.38
38 US Department of Health and Human Services (2000), Oral health in America: A report of the Surgeon General, Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, pp.7 and 147.
Children face the additional challenge of poor oral health and/or poor oral health habits having far reaching effects into their adulthood. Dental conditions in childhood can restrict children's participation in schooling and education through days lost to illness. Impaired physical appearance due to dental disease can further limit children's ability to socialise with confidence and develop social norms and relationships.
For some Australians, the impacts of dental disease are magnified and prolonged because they are unable to afford private treatment and opt to go on public sector waiting lists for treatment. These people may wait significant periods for care, thereby worsening their oral health outcomes. Problems which could have been fixed relatively easily become more complex and costly to the individual. There are up to approximately 400,000 patients on public dental waiting lists; a figure which has been decreasing since 2004.39 However, the waiting time has been increasing – in South Australia, preschool children are waiting an average of over two years for general anaesthetic for dental treatment in public hospitals.
39 Given inconsistent definitions and measures of waiting lists numbers across the states and territories, the estimate of 400,000 currently on public dental waiting lists is based on the best available data as gathered by the state and territory public dental services through the National Dental Directors Committee.
Membership of the National Advisory Council on Dental Health
Chapter One - Scoping the Problem
What is Oral Health?
Oral Health and Visiting Patterns of Australian Adults
Oral Health and Visiting Patterns of Australian Children
Broader Impacts on the Health System
Cost to Government and Society
Chapter Two - The Dental System
The Dental System
Overlap of Commonwealth and State and Territory Government Responsibilities and Services
Dental Workforce
Chapter Three - Who Misses Out?
Chapter Four - Causes of Poor Oral Health
Access (Availability of Services)
Chapter Five - Long-Term Aspirations
Chapter Six - Options for Reform
Options for Children
Options for Low Income Adults
Integrated Adult and Child Options
Future of Government Dental Programs
Foundational Activities
Basic Preventiive and Treatment Services
Appendix A - Terms of Reference
Appendix B - Principles
Appendix C - Service Delivery Options
Appendix D - Adult Dental Services Provided by the States and Territories
Appendix E - Child Dental Services Provided by the States and Territories
Appendix F - Current Commonwealth Government Dental Programs
Appendix G - A List of Centrelink-supportedf Pensions and their Eligibility for Concession Cards121
Appendix H - National Advisory Council on Dental Health Consultation Process
Appendix I - Letter from the Minister for Health and Ageing regarding the Interim Report
Appendix J - Pro-Bono Services Provided by Dental Practitioners
Appendix K - Schedule of Dental Services
Abbrieviations and Acronyms


To develop the legal services, alternative dispute resolution and intellectual property sectors.
To regulate and license all law practice entities and register foreign-qualified lawyers in Singapore.
The Ministry of Law's Community Legal Services Group handles matters relating to insolvency, public trustee, moneylending, pawnbroking, legal aid and community mediation..


text:
Q: Can we dynamically pass JSON object Key into a function Let's say I have a function which returns the value of a key I pass into it as a variable.
$scope.data = {"name":"Mayur","Age":25,"Location":"Pune"}

$scope.showValue = function(key) {
  return  data.key
}

showValue('name')  // it should return Mayur

I have sent key from html view and expecting it to return me its corresponding value.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Appeals Work
Setting Up Your Business Entity
WINTER & RHODEN
Our staff has over 15 years experience combined working in the legal profession to include but not limited to Family Law, Real Estate, Wills, Personal Injury, Social Security Disability, and Criminal Law. They are there to help from the initial consultation until the close of your case.
The Law Firm of Winter & Rhoden was established in December of 1991 by William E. Winter, Jr. and William G. Rhoden. The law firm was operated as a partnership until Mr. Winter's untimely death in July 2008. After Mr. Winter's death, Mr. Rhoden chose to keep the name of Winter & Rhoden in honor of his law partner. The firm operates now as Winter & Rhoden, LLC under the direction of attorneys William G. Rhoden and Anna-Karina Parker. We are a general practice law firm with a staff of three in addition to Mr. Rhoden & Mrs. Parker.
William G. Rhoden
Mr. Rhoden is a native of the State of South Carolina, being born and raised in Aiken. Mr. Rhoden graduated from Aiken High School in 1973. While at Aiken High, Mr. Rhoden served on Student Council and played varsity tennis for 3 years. During his senior year, he was selected the Most Valuable Player of the tennis team. Mr. Rhoden then attended the University of South Carolina at Aiken where he was elected Student Body President. He was selected twice as Student of the Year and was included twice in the Who's Who Among Students in American Universities and Colleges.
After college, Mr. Rhoden enrolled at the University of South Carolina School of Law. While attending law school, Mr. Rhoden received an internship through the United States Department of Justice and interned at the U.S. Attorney's office in Columbia, S.C. Mr. Rhoden received the degree of Juris Doctor in December 1980. Mr Rhoden was admitted to practice in May of 1981.
After graduating from law school, Mr. Rhoden went to work at the Office of the S.C. Attorney General as a staff attorney. Mr. Rhoden was promoted to Assistant Attorney General and served in the child support enforcement section and later in the Post-Conviction Relief section. Mr. Rhoden left the S.C. General's Office in December 1983 and joined the staff of the Seventh Circuit Solicitor's Office as an Assistant Solicitor in January 1984. In November 1986, Mr. Rhoden entered private practice and opened his office in Gaffney. Mr. Rhoden is also involved in the community. He previously served on the Board of the Cherokee Children's Home. He is a member of the Gaffney Rotary Club. Mr. Rhoden currently serves on the Board of Trustees of Limestone College. Mr. Rhoden has been listed in Who's Who in America and Who's Who in American Law. Mr. Rhoden as received the AV Preeminent peer rating from MARTINDALL-HUBBELL.
Bachelor of Science, University of South Carolina Aiken
Juris Doctor, University of South Carolina School of Law
South Carolina Supreme Court
South Carolina Court of Appeals
U.S. Federal District Court
Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals
PROFESSIONAL & CIVIC ACTIVITIES
Limestone College, Board of Trustees
Gaffney Rotary Club
Who's Who in American Law
Anna-Karina Parker
Mrs. Parker is a native of the State of Michigan, born and raised in Grand Rapids. Mrs. Parker graduated from New York Military Academy in 1992 and received her bachelors in 1996 and her Masters in 1999. After graduating with her Masters, Mrs. Parker worked with area churches in youth ministry and began a non-profit organization for inner city youth in Grand Rapids called Home of Agape. This organization worked with youth in the juvenile system between the ages of 16 – 21. After which Weed & Seed took over much of the outreach. Mrs. Parker spent sometime in Montana also working with the Cheyenne and Crow Indian Reservation at St. Labre Indian School.
Relocating to South Carolina in 2003, Mrs. Parker worked at Department of Social Services in Child Protective Services before attending law school at Charlotte School of Law. While attending law school, Mrs. Parker received an internship through the Charlotte Mecklenburg District Attortney's Office as well as in-house counsel for Family Dollar. She graduated with honors and has published a piece dealing with the Fourth Amendment & GPS searches.
Mrs. Parker continues advocating for children, families, and disabled or injured through her practice in Child Custody and Divorce in Family Court as well as representing claimants for Social Security Disability, Workers' Compensation, or Personal Injury; and those who find themselves out of luck in the Criminal Court System.
Bachelor of Arts, Grand Valley State University
Master of Theological Studies, Calvin Theological Seminary
Juris Doctor, Charlotte School of Law
MEMBERSHIPS & CIVIC ACTIVITIES
National Organization of Social Security Claimants' Representatives
Phi Delta Phi, International Legal Honor Society
Cherokee County Department of Juvenile Justice, Volunteer
Crossroad Bible Institute, Volunteer Instructor
Boots on the Ground Mentoring Initiative
The Law Firm of Winter & Rhoden was established in December of 1991 by William E. Winter, Jr. and William G. Rhoden. The law firm was operated as a partnership until Mr. Winter's untimely death in July 2008. After Mr. Winter's death, Mr. Rhoden chose to keep the name of Winter & Rhoden in honor of his law partner. The firm operates now as Winter & Rhoden, LLC.
The practice is located ½ block from the Cherokee County Courthouse at the street address of 221 E Floyd Baker Blvd in the heart of the City of Gaffney. We are a general practice law firm with a staff of three in addition to Mr. Rhoden & Mrs. Parker. We offer legal services in the areas of Divorce, Child Custody, and Family law, Criminal Defense, Personal Injury, Social Security Disability, Workers' Compensation, Appeals to all state courts, Probate, Wills and Powers of Attorney.
Lisa M. Carroll
Bernadette Swayngim
Paralegal Civil
Cecilia Moore
"My "Go to people"! AK (everyone in the office as well) is always ready to answer any question or help with any situation. Always puts my mind at ease.
Leslie Dills, via Facebook Reviews
WINTER & RHODEN, LLC
221 E Floyd Baker Blvd (near the courthouse) Gaffney, SC 29340 – USA
https://www.facebook.com/winterandrhoden/
221 E Floyd Baker Blvd (near the courthouse) Gaffney, SC 29340 Phone: (864) 489-8128
Made with ♡ and Southern hospitality by The Zigs Creative Co.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We traipsed around the country meeting hopeful prospective Oliners. We survived reading season, squirreled away in our homes or offices pouring over applications. We gathered as the Admission Committee around a big conference table to decide whom we will meet at Candidates' Weekends. We laughed and we argued. We teased each other the way siblings interact at the family dinner table. We made tough- really tough- decisions, both positive and negative. But most importantly: we marveled.
We marveled at your leadership, your ability to motivate your peers.
We marveled at your worldliness, despite your tiny town.
We marveled at how you kept your grades up while life was falling apart around you.
We marveled at how much you love books or building or backpacking.
We marveled at how much your teachers love you.
We marveled at your talents and skills and hope and desire to do good in the world.
We marveled at the number of mentions of Iron Man (or we marveled at how much you love Marvel!).
We marveled at your strength when your community doesn't understand you.
We marveled at the beauty and ache and comfort and boredom and joy in your everyday.
We marveled at the futures you dream for yourselves.
We marvel each day at the depth and breadth of our applicant pool and at the lives that live out before us in your applications.
We are lucky to work in admission and lucky to be a part of your stories. Thank you for showing us your world.


Oh! and to top it all off Kate Moss finished the show wearing white just like a blushing bride..
I do, I review, I attend, I buy, I eat, I watch, I think, I experience and I write about it all!
A blog by a person who's greatest pleasure in life is to soak up, in every way possible, the best the internet has to offer.


Good afternoon Bobrisky lovers !!!! Quick one have any one of u notice that is only people who are not doing good that cal others names ? Would Dj cuppy or paddy Adenuga these are billionaires children have time to insult anyone on Ig ? No they won't. Is only the broke ones that share data with their friends phones that come to Ig to insult people.


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Q: How to manipulate context - attach function to context or wrap dispatch in hook? I'm wondering what the recommended best practice is for manipulating and exposing the new React Context.
The easiest way to manipulate context state seems to be to just attach a function to the context that either dispatches (usereducer) or setstate (useState) to change its internal value once called.
export const TodosProvider: React.FC<any> = ({ children }) => {
  const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(reducer, null, init);

  return (
    <Context.Provider
      value={{
        todos: state.todos,
        fetchTodos: async id => {
          const todos = await getTodos(id);
          console.log(id);
          dispatch({ type: "SET_TODOS", payload: todos });
        }
      }}
    >
      {children}
    </Context.Provider>
  );
};

export const Todos = id => {
  const { todos, fetchTodos } = useContext(Context);
  useEffect(() => {
    if (fetchTodos) fetchTodos(id);
  }, [fetchTodos]);
  return (

{JSON.stringify(todos)}

  );
};

I was however told exposing and using the react context object directly is probably not a good idea, and was told to wrap it inside a hook instead.
export const TodosProvider: React.FC<any> = ({ children }) => {
  const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(reducer, null, init);

  return (
    <Context.Provider
      value={{
        dispatch,
        state
      }}
    >
      {children}
    </Context.Provider>
  );
};

const useTodos = () => {
  const { state, dispatch } = useContext(Context);
  const [actionCreators, setActionCreators] = useState(null);

  useEffect(() => {
    setActionCreators({
      fetchTodos: async id => {
        const todos = await getTodos(id);
        console.log(id);
        dispatch({ type: "SET_TODOS", payload: todos });
      }
    });
  }, []);

  return {
    ...state,
    ...actionCreators
  };
};

export const Todos = ({ id }) => {
  const { todos, fetchTodos } = useTodos();
  useEffect(() => {
    if (fetchTodos && id) fetchTodos(id);
  }, [fetchTodos]);

  return (

{JSON.stringify(todos)}

  );
};

I have made running code examples for both variants here: https://codesandbox.io/s/mzxrjz0v78?fontsize=14
So now I'm a little confused as to which of the 2 ways is the right way to do it?

A: There is absolute no problem with using useContext directly in a component. It however forces the component which has to use the context value to know what context to use.
If you have multiple components in the App where you want to make use of TodoProvider context or you have multiple Contexts within your app , you simplify it a little with a custom hook
Also one more thing that you must consider when using context is that you shouldn't be creating a new object on each render otherwise all components that are using context will re-render even though nothing would have changed. To do that you can make use of useMemo hook
const Context = React.createContext<{ todos: any; fetchTodos: any }>(undefined);

export const TodosProvider: React.FC<any> = ({ children }) => {
  const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(reducer, null, init);
  const context = useMemo(() => {
    return {
      todos: state.todos,
      fetchTodos: async id => {
        const todos = await getTodos(id);
        console.log(id);
        dispatch({ type: "SET_TODOS", payload: todos });
      }
    };
  }, [state.todos, getTodos]);
  return <Context.Provider value={context}>{children}</Context.Provider>;
};

const getTodos = async id => {
  console.log(id);
  const response = await fetch(
    "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos/" + id
  );
  return await response.json();
};
export const useTodos = () => {
  const todoContext = useContext(Context);
  return todoContext;
};
export const Todos = ({ id }) => {
  const { todos, fetchTodos } = useTodos();
  useEffect(() => {
    if (fetchTodos) fetchTodos(id);
  }, [id]);
  return (

{JSON.stringify(todos)}

  );
};

Working demo
EDIT:

Since getTodos is just a function that cannot change, does it make
  sense to use that as update argument in useMemo?

It makes sense to pass getTodos to dependency array in useMemo if getTodos method is changing and is called within the functional component. Often you would memoize the method using useCallback so that its not created on every render but only if any of its dependency from enclosing scope changes to update the dependency within its lexical scope. Now in such a case you would need to pass it as a parameter to the dependency array.
However in your case, you can omit it.

Also how would you handle an initial effect. Say if you were to call
  `getTodos´ in useEffect hook when provider mounts? Could you memorize
  that call as well?

You would simply have an effect within Provider that is called on initial mount
export const TodosProvider: React.FC<any> = ({ children }) => {
  const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(reducer, null, init);
  const context = useMemo(() => {
    return {
      todos: state.todos,
      fetchTodos: async id => {
        const todos = await getTodos(id);
        console.log(id);
        dispatch({ type: "SET_TODOS", payload: todos });
      }
    };
  }, [state.todos]);
  useEffect(() => {
      getTodos();
  }, [])
  return <Context.Provider value={context}>{children}</Context.Provider>;
};

A: I don't think there's an official answer, so let's try to use some common sense here. I find perfectly fine to use useContext directly, I don't know who told you not to, perhaps HE/SHE should have pointed for official docs. Why would the React team create that hook if it wasn't supposed to be used? :)
I can understand, however, trying to avoid creating a huge object as the value in the Context.Provider, one that mixes state with functions that manipulate it, possibly with async effects like your example.
However, in your refactor, you introduced a very weird and absolutely unnecessary useState for the action creator that you simply had defined inline in your first approach. It seems to me you were looking for useCallback instead. So, why don't you mix both like this?
  const useTodos = () => {
    const { state, dispatch } = useContext(Context);
    const fetchTodos = useCallback(async id => {
      const todos = await getTodos(id)
      dispatch({ type: 'SAVE_TODOS', payload: todos })
    }, [dispatch])

    return {
      ...state,
      fetchTodos
    };
}

Your calling code doesn't need that weird check to verify that fetchTodos indeed exists.
export const Todos = id => {
  const { todos, fetchTodos } = useContext(Context);
  useEffect(() => {
    fetchTodos()
  }, []);

  return (

{JSON.stringify(todos)}

  );
};

Finally, unless you actually need to use this todos + fetchTodos combo from more components down the tree from Todos, which you didn't explictly stated in your question, I think using Context is complicating matters when they're not needed. Remove the extra layer of indirection and call useReducer directly in your useTodos.
It may not be the case here, but I find people are mixing a lot of things in their head and turning something simple into something complicated (like Redux = Context + useReducer).
Hope it helps!


text:
Q: Should a file header be a class or a struct? I'm parsing a file format with a header.
(Note: I don't write any files, I only read and parse)
Because it won't be changed, its header can be passed by value.
So I would guess a struct would be the best choice but I'm not sure because I almost never use them.
Is there any reason why I should (not) make it a class or a struct?
Edit: It's hard to provide an example at the moment.
You can compare it to any basic file header.
It includes the signature ('magic number'), the version and the 'sub-type'.

A: The "won't be changed" part is an indicator for immutable, not for value-type.
You probably want a class, but it's impossible to be sure without an example.

A: If you are going to use Serialization then I suggest class.


Stockholders invest billions of dollars in the purchase of new corporate coffee stock while producers of these commodities exist in poverty of developing nations. Corporate managers may miss the opportunities for offering humanitarian aid if potential stockholders do not know of corporate social change initiatives. Little research in the influence of socially conscious initiatives exists in the coffee sector and none concentrating on socially conscious initiative announcements. If a relationship exists between socially conscious initiative announcements and stock investments, then managers could justify funding social change initiatives. This quantitative study used a 5 day pre and post event study methodology including t tests, ANOVAs, and regressions examining five companies with 138 individual announcements from 5 coffee companies between 2011 and 2015. The independent variables were socially conscious initiative announcements regarding separate initiatives in the Wall Street Journal and differing socially conscious initiatives in the Washington Post. The dependent variables were abnormal changes in the Standard and Poor coffee corporate closing prices. This study used the Weighted Average Cost of Capital, the Capital Asset Pricing Model, and the Fama-French 3 Factors Model to demonstrate abnormal positive stock abnormalities. resulting in statistically significant positive findings pre and post publication in the five companies examined. Further research could use different time periods or media outlets. Similar findings could support advantages for investors and managers for aiding struggling coffee producers enticing other corporations to follow suit leading to beneficial worldwide social good development.


text:
HomeTechnologyHow Many Projectors Do You Need for a Projection Dome?
How Many Projectors Do You Need for a Projection Dome?
By Grace January 16, 2023 January 16, 2023
Are you looking to create an immersive projection dome experience? If so, the first step is understanding how many projectors are necessary for your desired effect. Surprisingly, this number can vary greatly depending on the size and specifications of your dome. In this blog post, we'll uncover just what goes into calculating projector needs for various domes, as well as talking about some other hardware considerations such as specialized mounts and lens attachments. By understanding these details, you'll be able to determine exactly which type of setup will work best instructions for your unique situation.
Projectors at the World's Largest Projection Dome at Miami Super Bowl by Lumen and Forge
What is a projection dome and what are its uses?
A projection dome is a curved screen designed to serve as an immersive canvas for large-format images and visuals. This type of setup often requires special equipment and software to project the content onto the dome's surface. These domes can be put in place for both public and private use, offering unique and exciting possibilities for users. Projection domes are becoming increasingly popular in entertainment venues such as museums, planetariums, theme parks, educational facilities, in business and more. With 360° visuals projected on their surface, these structures create a captivating atmosphere capable of drawing viewers into whatever image is being presented on the screen. There is no limit to the kind of content that can be projected on a projection dome. From cosmic imagery to art projects or interactive gaming scenarios – even for marketing and brand activations. Anything imaginable can be conveyed with amazing clarity through this technology.
Projection domes can have anywhere between one and even up to fifty projectors. To take your projection dome to the next level, it's recommended to have at least two projectors. Having two or more interconnected projectors can improve the quality of visual resolution and provide stunning visuals with seamless coverage across a large area. The bigger the viewing space, the higher resolution, and more projectors are needed for a larger impactful experience. It's also important to consider mounting location, projector brightness, and technical maintenance when planning out your projection dome event. Ultimately, understanding your space requirements will help determine how many projectors you need to ensure your viewers get a spectacular immersive experience.
Capital One Venture Dome by Lumen and Forge
What factors should you consider when choosing projectors for a projection dome?
When selecting projectors for a projection dome, it is important to consider several factors. The first factor is resolution: ensure the projector has enough brightness and contrast levels to display high-definition images in a large space. The second factor is size: choose a projector that will fit onto any available mountings or trusses in the dome. Additionally, you should think about connectivity options; if your presentation requires sound, you'll need an amplifier or sound system with multiple inputs for audio devices. Finally, look for advanced features that can enrich your presentation; these may include motion compensation for smooth images across curved surfaces, keystone correction to minimize distortions on oblique surfaces, and eco-friendly modes to reduce maintenance costs over time. Whether you are projecting video streaming technologies or analog source material, carefully considering these four elements will ensure the perfect fit when choosing projectors for a projection dome.
Do You Need for a Projection Dome How many projectors do you need for a projection dome?
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So, you need a word you don't already know? Rejoice, for the resources waiting to provide you with the word you desire are beyond imagining, especially in this computerized age. If you're willing to take the time there's no word, English or otherwise, that you can't find.
Unless you're a fantasy writer seeking to construct a world.
What's the word for those gigantic platforms suspended between massive trees in Forstava? You know, the ones the ora'ean construct entire cities upon, some at different heights and overlapping others?
Keep walking, the next arboreal isn't far.
Not only isn't Google bringing up the word I'm looking for, but Google is telling me there aren't any ora'ean living in Forstava because there aren't any ora'ean and Forstava doesn't exist.
Nice word. I like it. Works for me and it's grounded (whoops, pun) rooted (whoops, another…) derived from the real word arboreal, which is of or relating to living in trees. That wasn't too hard.
What's the word for the trees they suspend arboreals from? You know, the ones they train to extend branches to others and then weave together? You know, the ones they teach to supply water to the ora'ean (that don't exist) living on those arboreals? You know, the trees with the black bark and trunks that are often fifty feet in diameter?
And on it goes. After awhile you're screaming at fictitious gods and uttering newly invented swear words because you've forgotten what that word was that you used in an earlier chapter.
Perhaps you've given new meaning to existing words (gargoyle, practitioner, seer)?
Time for a glossary (or whatever you want to call it). Time to create a record because our overworked brains aren't going to remember everything, and inspiration doesn't always coincide with the moment the word is needed.
You don't want to lose inspiration.
Too, because you have that glossary you become braver and more willing to expand your fantasy vocabulary, to journey deeper into that land of words where your world becomes ever richer. Yes, as you may have guessed, I created a glossary and it's been invaluable, especially because I was away from my WIP for several years. It's also another aid for keeping your spelling consistent (so is saving words to your computer's library).
Anyone else have any successes, horror stories, or insights when it comes to managing world building language in a glossary? Please share.
This entry was posted in Main Blog, Ontyre and tagged alternate world, creative writing, fantasy, fiction, glossary, insight, inspiration, literature, novel, reference, words, world building, writing by Christina Hawthorne. Bookmark the permalink.
I think a glossary is a great idea. For a world I created, I made not just a glossary but an encyclopedia so I could keep track of words, major historical events, legends, etc. Until then my world's history was just bouncing around in my head and randomly distributed between parts of stories all over my hard drive. It was hard to compile, but it really made things easier. Great post!
An encyclopedia? Excellent! What matters is that the author comes up with an organization that works for them and you've clearly done that. I, too, have a history (The History Notebook post), so there's some overlap with the glossary. From the way you describe what you've done I get the impression that your organization has made it easier for you to build upon what you've already created. Thanks for the comment.
When Creating Fantasy Worlds, I also find it helpful to write an Encyclopedia full of histories, country/kingdom information, ecology, customs, anything world-related. When coming up with words for a Fantasy World, I like to come up with a "psuedo-language" or just a brief set of words in each language to maintain consistency and a sense of realism. One thing you may want to avoid is just coming up with cool-sounding words off the top of your head. One, too many made-up words can only serve to confuse the reader and Two, if there is no consistency with the construction of the language/words, then the made up words don't seem "real". For instance, in Lord of the Rings, Minas Tirith is The White City, while Minas Morgul is the Dead City. Without having Tolkien explain anything, I know that Minas = City.
I'm not sure how much help that is. I just recently found your blog and I find it quite interesting. I look forward to reading more about your journey of writing a fantasy novel!
You make a very good point—and you're absolutely correct. I'm no genius when comes to languages like Tolkien was and so make it a point to recognize my limitations. That's why the story focuses on a country where my language is spoken. The ora'ean, who border their lands, also speak their language while also having an ancient language that surfaces from time-to-time. I've a limited vocabulary I created for them based on rules I formulated with their culture. For consistency I adhere to that vocabulary, but limit its use…it's for adding color only. Your warning about "made-up words" is well taken and one that heartens me, for I sensed early on that random creations exposed the language's randomness. These days I develop most words utilizing existing lexicology. I want to thank you for your comment, for it's comments like this one that help make me and everyone who reads the comment section better writers.


COPENHAGEN (Reuters) - Denmark passed a law on Thursday that could allow it to ban Russia's Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline from going through its waters on grounds of security or foreign policy.
The measure amends Denmark's regulatory framework to allow the authorities to cite security or foreign policy as reasons to block a pipeline. Previously these were not valid grounds for objection.
Denmark has been caught in a geopolitical conflict as Russia's Gazprom and its European partners have sought to build Nord Stream 2, a giant pipeline to pump natural gas to Germany through the Baltic Sea, bypassing existing land routes over Ukraine, Poland and Belarus.
The proposed route goes through Danish waters, but the pipeline consortium is investigating an alternative route north of the Danish island Bornholm which would run in international waters and therefore not be impacted by a potential Danish ban.
Nord Stream 2 has already applied for permission in Denmark and its application is being assessed at the Danish Energy Agency. The change to the law will take effect from Jan. 1 but apply to applications that have already been submitted.
In June, Danish energy and climate minister Lars Christian Lilleholt said he expected the agency to have completed its assessment during early 2018.


A Monster Calls is a beautiful novel written by Patrick Ness based on a story idea by the late author Siobhan Dowd. Mr. Ness also wrote the screenplay for the film adaptation that's in theaters now! (Watch the trailer here). I read the book a couple of months ago for the kids' book club I host and was so moved by it. Patrick Ness' words with Jim Kay's illustrations are a perfect combination.
I met Mr. Ness last year at the National Book Festival where I was able to ask him my go-to question, "If your book was a food, what would it be?" He was thoughtful for a moment, and then said "moss cake" (well, I didn't realize that's what he said at the time, I only made out the "m" sound). I was confused, so he said, "peat cake", to help clarify. I thanked him and walked on my way, still not entirely sure what food he had said. A few pensive moments later and it dawned on me; "peat moss". I imagined something like mud pies, because I'm familiar with peat moss from gardening. I googled "peat moss cake" to see if it was truly a thing (an edible thing), and lo and behold, it is and it's perfect for A Monster Calls (well, of course! The author said so😊).
Note: Turbakook/Peat Cake is typically made with farmer's cheese, or farm-style cottage cheese, which is somewhat like regular cottage cheese but pressed and drained so it becomes drier and crumbly. Farmer's cheese as such is not readily available where I live so I determined to come up with a comparable recipe (based on this recipe from SBS) using alternate ingredients, such as queso fresco and ricotta. BUT if you have farmer's cheese, please do substitute it in for the cheeses used in the recipe below (you'll need 800g).
1. Heat your oven to 325ºF & grease an 8" springform cake pan. In a food processor, pulse the cookie crumbs, cocoa, & 2 Tbsp. sugar. Add in the butter & pulse until completely combined. Press a little more than half of this crumb mixture into the bottom of the cake pan using the bottom of a measuring cup, & then set the pan aside. Transfer the remaining crumb mixture to a bowl & clean out the food processor.
2. In the food processor, pulse the quest fresco, ricotta, sour cream, cornflour, & optional honey until well combined, & then scoop out into a large bowl. In a mixing bowl, whisk the eggs, sugar, & vanilla extract until pale & thick. Fold the sugar/egg mixture into the cheese mixture. Pour the resultant mixture over the pressed crumbs in the pan, tapping to settle & release any bubbles. Layer the rest of the crumbs on top & spread evenly, right up to the edges of the pan.
3. Bake for about 50-60minutes, or until there's only a gentle wobble in the center of the cake. Turn off the oven & open the oven door slightly & let the cake cool completely. Remove from the oven, remove the springform ring, & then wrap tightly in plastic wrap & place the cake in the fridge to chill overnight. To serve, simply slice & dust the a little extra cocoa if desired.
Just FYI for the kids' book club: For a snack, I used a small amount of almond extract mixed with black gel food coloring to paint the Monster on ginger cookies (you can see the cookies here). For an activity, the kids and I did little black and white monster watercolor paintings (group shot here) while discussing the book and the artwork. And since the movie just came out, we'll get together this month to go see it as a group!


text:
Reserves/Academy
Off Field/Non United
SeoDevilz season preview
Manchester United started the new season on a positive note as we claimed our first piece of silverware, the Community Shield. The match showed and convinced fans like me why Ferguson is right to stick with the squad that he has.
The eleven players that started the game were all regular players from last season, except for maybe John O'Shea due to his injury and maybe Fabio. Chelsea too used the same players that they had last season, except for perhaps Essien, Ferreira and Hilario. But what was different was the confidence that I had after seeing the team sheets at the start of the game.
It was practically the same teams that played against each other last season (Chelsea vs. Man United) but last season, I had always felt that it was Chelsea who was going to win whenever we meet. This time round, it was different. Chelsea's players are soon going to be using walking sticks to move around the pitch while our squad is being infused with youngsters with massive potential.
Looking back at the various games we played in pre-season plus the Community Shield, I believe we are well equipped to go into the new season firing on all cylinders. The reason being: The Players.
We have such a variety of players. Some are the constants, others are pushing on from last season, a crop of youngsters are trying to claim a starting berth in the team and lastly, inspired signings made by Alex Ferguson once again. Constants such as Rooney and Scholes, are expected to have another stellar season. The likes of Nani and Valencia will be hoping to quiet any remaining critics and justify their positions as starters in the United team. With promising youngsters such as Cleverley coming into the squad, it's plain to see why United fans are feeling positive for the future and last but not least, the two signings that were made in Chicharito and Smalling. These two 'unproven' signings might just turn out to be the difference makers in our season, especially 'The Little Pea'. Sound and impressive performances from both in the pre-season have raised fan's optimism. With them on board, United's defense will only get sturdier and our offense will be nothing short of devastating, two areas that were major factors in our performance last season.
With the Community Shield in the bag and a much improved squad despite only two summer signings, many have already marked Manchester United as favorites for lifting the Premiership crown come May. And when that happens, don't say we did not warn the rest of the EPL!


text:
Animal Rescue Busy as New York City Becomes Wild Kingdom
NEW YORK – A hawk down in midtown Manhattan? Another bird of prey grounded across town? A sheep loose in the Bronx?
It wasn't shear fantasy.
The odd series of animal adventures began 10 a.m. Wednesday when a former parks commissioner, Gordon Davis, reported spotting a hawk that had crash-landed near the Ziegfeld movie theater. At about 11:30 a.m. several blocks away came a report of another wounded bird, this time an American kestrel.
The birds were rescued by the Department of Parks and Recreation, which determined they were 7-week-old fledglings shaken up while testing their wings. Both were expected to recover and be returned to the wilds of Manhattan, where a growing population of birds of prey nest on high-rises and feast on squirrels, rats and pigeons, said the current parks commissioner, Adrian Benepe.
"It's the season when birds are learning to fly, which is not easy to do in midtown," Benepe said.
Finally, there was the 11 a.m. report of a sheep running around the Bronx. Police captured the female lamb and turned it over to an animal rescue organization, Animal Care & Control of New York City.
Shelter manager Liz Keller said the 7-month-old lamb caught a break: It apparently escaped from a live animal market, where it would have been sold for food. Now it's bound for a farm sanctuary upstate.
"The staff named her Lucky Lady," Keller said. "She's adorable."


text:
Sovana  (Svea) ist eine italienische Fraktion der Gemeinde Sorano in der Maremmaregion in der Provinz Grosseto in der Toskana und ist Mitglied der Vereinigung I borghi più belli d'Italia (Die schönsten Orte Italiens).

Geographie
Sovana liegt auf einer Anhöhe aus Tuffstein beim Zusammenfluss der Calesine und Folonia. Die Anlage des Ortes besteht aus drei in Längsrichtung verlaufenden Straßen, die Obere Straße, Untere Straße und Mittelstraße heißen.
Bereits in der Etruskerzeit erlangte Sovana Bedeutung. Bis heute sind aus dieser Zeit wichtige Sehenswürdigkeiten erhalten geblieben. Im 11. Jahrhundert erlebte die Stadt eine weitere Blütezeit, während in den nachfolgenden Jahrhunderten ein Verfallprozess einsetzte. Dennoch verfügt Sovana auch heute noch über seinen ursprünglichen, mittelalterlichen Ortskern. 1833 lebten nur noch 64 Einwohner in der Stadt, heute leben ca. 120 Menschen in Sovana. Aufgrund der Wiederentdeckung der kulturellen Schätze Sovanas in den letzten Jahren ist der Ort nach Jahrhunderten des Vergessens in das Leben zurückgekehrt. Dennoch ist Sovana keine touristische Metropole.

Geschichte
Archäologische Ausgrabungen haben bewiesen, dass bereits von der Jungsteinzeit bis zur Bronzezeit Wohnsiedlungen auf dem Gebiet von Sovana existierten. Um das Jahr 1000 v. Chr. entwickelten sich die ersten anwachsenden Siedlungen. Auch in Sovana existierte eine größere Siedlung dieser Art, wie z. B. auch in San Giovenale. Mit Beginn der Eisenzeit wurden diese Siedlungen aufgegeben. Gegen Ende der Villanovazeit wurden die Siedlungen wiederbelebt, gleichzeitig tauchten die ersten etruskischen Siedlungen auf. Bei Ausgrabungsarbeiten fand man unterhalb des Plateaus der Kathedrale von Sovana eine frühgeschichtliche Siedlung. Sie bestand aus großen, elliptisch geformten Wohnstätten.

Antike
Das etruskische Sveama war ein Zentrum von mittlerer Bedeutung. Es bestanden Handelsbeziehungen mit Vulci und ein kultureller Austausch mit dem Gebiet des Bolsenasees. Seinen Höhepunkt hatte das etruskische Sovana im vierten und dritten vorchristlichen Jahrhundert, doch auch während der Romanisierung konnte es seine Blüte noch bewahren. Von der römischen Kolonisierung scheint die etruskische Kultur in Sovana unberührt geblieben zu sein; so zeigen zahlreiche etruskische Inschriften aus der Zeit der Kolonisierung, dass die etruskische Sprache und Kultur weiterhin praktiziert wurden. Trotzdem wurde Sovana in der Römerzeit Municipium.

Christianisierung
Bereits im 4. Jahrhundert n. Chr. wurde Sovana zum Bischofssitz. Dadurch erlangte es wichtige Bedeutung während des Christianisierungsprozesses in der südlichen Toskana. Zudem wurde das Gebiet bevorzugtes Ziel von Einsiedlern und Eremiten, die wesentlich zur Verbreitung des Christentums beitrugen. In Sovana selbst gab es auf vier Felsen Einsiedeleien.

Mittelalter
935 wählten die Aldobrandeschi die Stadt als Hauptort ihrer Grafschaft, die sich vom Monte Amiata aus über die gesamte Maremma erstreckte. Ausdruck ihres Machtanspruches ist noch heute die Ruine ihrer Burg, der Rocca Aldobrandesca am Ortseingang von Sovana.
Im 11. Jahrhundert (um 1020) wurde in Sovana der Kanoniker Hildebrand von Sovana geboren, der spätere Papst Gregor VII., der eine entscheidende Rolle im Investiturstreit spielte. Ab dem 13. Jahrhundert setzte ein Verfallsprozess in der Grafschaft ein, geprägt durch innere Kämpfe. Dieser Prozess fand seinen Höhepunkt in der Schlacht von Montaperti (1260) zwischen den Ghibellinen von Santa Fiora und den Welfen von Sovana.
Ab 1312 unterstand Sovana den Grafen von Orsini, welche die Stadt weiter herunterwirtschafteten, bis sie 1410 durch die Republik Siena erobert wurde. Durch den Verfallsprozess wurde die verarmte Bevölkerung erheblich dezimiert. Kriege, Plünderungen und Malariaepidemien führten schließlich dazu, dass Sovana ein verlassener und dem Verfall naher Ort war.

Neuzeit
In der Renaissance versuchten die Medici, Sovana durch Ansiedlung eingewanderter Griechen wiederzubeleben. Dieser Versuch scheiterte jedoch ebenso wie ein späterer Versuch unter den Großherzögen der Habsburg-Lothringer, weil eine weitere Malaria-Epidemie die Bevölkerung dezimierte.
Erst die Wiederentdeckung der zahlreichen Sehenswürdigkeiten Sovanas in der Gegenwart hat die Stadt aus ihrer Vergessenheit gerissen.

Mittelalterliche Sehenswürdigkeiten

Rocca Aldobrandesca

Direkt am Eingang des Ortskernes liegt die Ruine der Rocca Aldobrandesca. Die Burg wurde im 11. Jahrhundert erbaut und zwischen dem 12. und 14. Jahrhundert mehrmals erweitert und restauriert. Seit dem 17. Jahrhundert wurde sie dem Verfall überlassen. Erbaut wurde die Burg auf einer schon in der Etruskerzeit behauenen Felsfläche. Durch die Burg sollte das einzige mittelalterliche Stadttor, die Porta della Rocca verteidigt und somit der Ortskern geschützt werden. Zudem war die Burg ursprünglich von einem Graben umgeben. 1558 wurde unter Cosimo de' Medici ein weiteres Stadttor (Porta da Passo) an der Südseite der Stadt eröffnet.

Piazza del Pretorio (Amtsgerichtsplatz)
Rund um den Platz ist das vollständige mittelalterliche Stadtmodell erhalten. Die niedrigen zweistöckigen Häuser stehen auf Fundamenten aus dem 12. bis 15. Jahrhundert. Die Piazza del Pretorio ist der einzige Platz des Ortes und umgeben von den wichtigsten historischen Gebäuden Sovanas. Das Pflaster aus Backsteinen mit Fischgrätmuster ist zum Teil original, zum anderen Teil restauriert.

Palazzo Pretorio (Amtsgerichtpalast)
An der rechten Seite der Piazza del Pretorio steht ein Gebäude aus dem 12. Jahrhundert, dessen Vorderfront durch eine Reihe großer Wappen geschmückt ist. Diese Wappen stammen von den senesischen und den Medici-Kommissaren, die den Ort vom 14. bis zum 16. Jahrhundert verwalteten. An der Eckmauer des Gebäudes ist eine Säule angebracht, an der vermutlich in der Vergangenheit Ankündigungen gemacht wurden. In diesem Palazzo befindet sich heute ein Archäologisches Museum. Dort werden etruskische Fundstücke ebenso ausgestellt wie Steingut aus dem Mittelalter.

Loggia del Capitano (Loge des Hauptmannes)
Auf den gleichen Stützpfeilern erbaut wie der Amtsgerichtspalast ist die Loge des Hauptmannes. An der Außenwand befindet sich ein Wappen der Medici, das Cosimo I. dort zum Ende des 16. Jahrhunderts anbringen ließ. In diesem Gebäude residierte der Regent der Stadt.

Palazzo dell'Archivo (Archivpalast)
Zwischen der Via di Mezzo und der Via di Sotto in der Mitte der Piazza del Pretorio steht der Archivpalast aus dem 13. Jahrhundert mit einem schlanken Glockenturm. Hier befanden sich der Sitz der Gemeinde und das Archiv. Heute wird der Palazzo dell'Archivo nicht mehr in diesem Sinne genutzt, da Sovana inzwischen zur Gemeinde Sorano gehört. An der Fassade ist eine alte Uhr mit einem komplizierten Mechanismus angebracht.

Kirche Santa Maria
Auf der linken Seite des Platzes steht die Kirche Santa Maria aus dem 12. Jahrhundert. Über dem Hauptaltar erhebt sich hier ein seltenes vorromanisches Ziborium aus dem 8. Jahrhundert, einzigartig in der gesamten Toskana. Es ist aus weißem Marmor und besteht aus vier Säulen mit Kapitellen im korinthischen Stil, die eine achteckige Pyramide tragen. Vermutlich wurde das Ziborium nach Renovierungsarbeiten im Dom von Sovana, wo es sich bis zum 11./12. Jahrhundert befand, in die Kirche gebracht. Im Inneren der Kirche gibt es einige wertvollere Fresken. Zudem befinden sich in einer Ecke der Kirche einige römische Marksteine aus der spätrepublikanischen Epoche mit Grabinschriften.

Palazzo Bourbon del Monte
Direkt neben der Kirche steht der Palazzo des Markgrafen Bourbon del Monte mit einer hohen offenen Halle im Erdgeschoss. Die Fassade stammt aus dem 17. Jahrhundert.

S. Mamiliano
An der Piazza del Pretorio befinden sich zudem die verfallenen Mauern der Kirche von S. Mamiliano. Hierbei handelt es sich um das älteste Gebäude von Sovana. Vermutlich stand hier die erste christliche Kirche des frühen Bischofssitzes, die auf den Resten eines heidnischen Tempels erbaut worden war. Die Kirche war dem Schutzpatron des Ortes geweiht. Das Gebäude wurde wieder gedeckt, weil Grabungen unter dem Fußboden durchgeführt werden (2007).

Kloster St. Benedikt
In der Nähe des Parkplatzes von Sovana sieht man die Reste des Klosters aus dem 12. Jahrhundert. Einige Forscher ordnen das Kloster dem Templerorden zu. Die Anwesenheit der Templer in Sovana ist durch ein Originaldokument belegt, in dem von einer lokalen Kommandantur die Rede ist. Allerdings konnte diese Tatsache bisher noch nicht weiter lokalisiert werden.

Der Dom
Der St. Peter und Paul geweihte Dom befindet sich am westlichen Ende von Sovana. Der Dom stellt das bedeutendste Monument des Mittelalters in Sovana dar. Es handelt sich um ein seltenes Exemplar einer Kathedrale im romanisch-gotischen Stil von hohem künstlerischem Wert. Verziert ist der Dom durch dekorative Steinmetzarbeiten. Der Innenraum ist durch einzigartige, jedoch harmonische architektonische Formen geprägt. Eine erste Bauphase setzte vermutlich bereits im 9. Jahrhundert ein. Im 11. Jahrhundert stand die Kirche bereits, wie eine päpstliche Bulle von Nikolaus II. zeigt. Im Laufe des 12. bis 14. Jahrhunderts wurde der Dom in seinem Aussehen verändert. Das Portal an der Längsseite der Kirche ist aus Marmor und besteht aus einem ersten, äußeren Bogen, in dessen oberen Hälfte die Seele eines Menschen, die zum Himmel aufsteigt, dargestellt ist. In der Mitte des Bogens befinden sich zwei stilisierte Löwenköpfe, die den Dom bewachen sollen und im unteren Teil verschiedene symbolische Motive. Das Innere des Doms ist durch eine Reihe massiver, kreuzförmiger, zweifarbiger Säulen geteilt, auf denen das Kreuzgewölbe des Mittelschiffes ruht. Besonders interessant sind die Skulpturen am oberen Teil der Kapitelle, die der lombardischen Schule des 11. Jahrhunderts zugeschrieben werden. Es sind dort biblische Szenen dargestellt.
In einer Urne auf dem Altar befinden sich die Gebeine von S. Mamiliano, dem Schutzpatron Sovanas.
An der Stelle, wo heute der Dom steht, befand sich vermutlich auch die etruskische Akropolis.

Antike Sehenswürdigkeiten

Tomba Ildebranda
Bei der Tomba Ildebranda handelt es sich um das einzig erhaltene Exemplar eines etruskischen Tempelgrabes. In den 1920er Jahren wurde die Grabanlage wiederentdeckt. Zu Ehren von Ildebrando aus Sovana wurde sie Tomba Ildebranda genannt. Das Monument wurde aus einem riesigen Felsblock geschlagen, aus dem ein traditioneller etruskischer Tempel der hellenistischen Epoche (vermutlich 3. Jahrhundert vor Christus) wurde. Die Fassade des Tempels besteht aus zwölf Säulen, die auf die etruskische Dodekapolis verweisen. Die Kapitelle liegen im Museum von Sovana. Sie zeigen vier männliche und weibliche Götterantlitze und große Akanthusblätter. Insgesamt war die gesamte Tempelfläche verputzt und in lebhaften Farbtönen bemalt. Es gibt insgesamt zwei Grabeingänge. Der Haupteingang führt zu einer kreuzförmigen Grabkammer, die direkt unter dem Mittelpunkt der darüberliegenden Tempels führt. Vermutlich wurde sie für eine sehr hochstehende Person aus Sovana geschaffen. Der seitliche Dromos führt zu einem Grab, das vermutlich aus dem 4. vorchristlichen Jahrhundert stammt. Die Decke des Grabes stellt die Decke eines etruskischen Hauses dar. Neben der Tomba Ildebranda ist vor einiger Zeit ein weiteres Felsplateau entdeckt worden, auf dem neben Treppen zwei hohe Ädikulä stehen, von denen eine die vereinfachte Form einer Tempelfassade wiedergibt. Allerdings werden diese Entdeckungen noch erforscht.

Hand des Orlando
An der Landstraße von Sovana nach Sorano befindet sich an der Abzweigung nach Pitigliano ein großer Felsblock, der wie eine Hand aussieht. Der Legende nach ist die Hand auf magische Weise bei der Belagerung Sovanas durch Karl den Großen entstanden, während der Ritter Orlando (der rasende Roland) den Felsblock mit seiner Hand umklammerte. Wahrscheinlich ist der Felsblock jedoch noch viel älter. Möglicherweise stärkte man hier Hanfseile, indem man sie durch die Fingeröffnung zog oder man benutzte die Hand als Beobachtungsposten. Eine letzte Erklärung ist die Möglichkeit, dass die Hand auf die Megalithzeit zurückgeht. In dieser Zeit war es üblich große Steine aufzustellen, die eine magische sakrale Funktion hatten.

Cavone
Hierbei handelt es sich um einen in den Felsen geschlagenen Hohlweg mit verschiedenen etruskischen Spuren. Direkt hinter dem Eingang sind links oben in der Wand etruskische Grotten, die im Frühmittelalter von Einsiedlern genutzt wurden. Unterhalb davon befindet sich eine Nische mit den Überresten eines Freskos der Madonna mit Kind. Weiter im Inneren des Hohlweges findet man in der Felswand einige Gräber sowie verschiedene Zeichen aus diversen Epochen. Unter anderem sind hier auch christliche Kreuze zu finden, mit deren Hilfe man die heidnischen Götter vertreiben wollte. Im Mittelalter hieß dieser Weg "Straße des Teufels" und man glaubte, es sei gefährlich, den Weg nachts zu gehen.
Auf halbem Wege ist eine etruskische Epigraphik "Vertne", die vermutlich auf den höchsten etruskischen Gott verweist (Vertumno oder Veltha).

Weitere etruskische Sehenswürdigkeiten: Nekropole an der Folonia, Grab des Silen, Nekropole von Sopraripa, Tomba Pisa, Tomba del Tifone, Tomba Pola, Nekropole von Pian Casale etc.

Persönlichkeiten
Im Dorf Sovana wurde Hildebrand von Soana, der spätere Papst Gregor VII. um 1020 geboren. Er spielte eine bedeutende Rolle im Investiturstreit (Gang nach Canossa).

Literatur
Baedeker Allianz Reiseführer, Toskana, 11. Aufl., Ostfildern 2003.
Feo, Giovanni de, Die Tuffsteinstädte im Fioratal, Pitigliano 1996.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Fraktion in der Toskana
Sorano

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Jack William 12 Jul 2018 Billed as a " mango milkshake" which was rather offputting. A pleasant fruity flavour.
Magnus Greel 07 Jul 2018 I was expecting this warm sweet flat hazy beer to be bursting with flavours instead had a slight honey taste.


After five years of waiting, Damon Troy is back with his fourth album. Troy brings new life to great songs of the past that have nothing to do with his Cajun heritage, and makes them have a sound all his own. Released in May 2007, 12 tracks.


The Minnesota Wild had a quiet NHL Draft, completely void of the big trades we'd thought they might make- and certainly not the types of deals other teams swung at the Draft.
Tony sat down on Wednesday night to recap the Draft weekend, set the stage for Free Agency, and answer a ton of your questions about jerseys, potential trades, and more!
Are the Wolves now a more interesting team than the Wild?
Will the Wild avoid Cap Recapture with Zach Parise and Ryan Suter?
Could a Nino Niederreiter or Mikael Granlund trade be beneficial?
You can support the podcast by subscribing on your preferred podcast app, taking a few moments of time to leave us an iTunes Review, and telling your friends about our show. Thanks for your support, and we'll see you next week!


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One third of Irish who have worked in UK entitled to tax rebate – but may not know it
Large numbers of people who have worked in Britain are entitled to a tax refund, but many are unaware of it.
Tax specialists Taxback.com said the rebates could be worth more than €1,000.
An estimated one in three Irish people who have worked in the UK are entitled to a tax rebate.
But many are not aware of their eligibility or the length of time they have to claim.
A crash-out Brexit could see thousands of Irish people returning home from the UK, which will mean they will be entitled to claim tax refunds.
Taxback.com commercial director Eileen Devereux said the UK has remained a popular destination for Irish workers in recent years.
She said the most recent Central Statistics Office statistics show a total of 12,100 Irish people migrating to the UK in the last year.
This figure was closer to 20,000 in 2011 when the numbers were at their peak.
"While people are still leaving our shores to work in our nearest neighbours, it is not unlikely that Brexit could see an influx of Irish workers return home," Ms Devereux said.
She said many of these people end up coming home for one reason or another.
"Our experience is that many don't know they have left valuable tax refunds behind them, effectively giving the UK tax authorities their hard-earned cash."
The Taxback.com expert said that people who have worked in the UK and paid tax in the last four years could be due a tax rebate.
"Figures from the UK's Office for National Statistics estimate that there were 149,000 people who were born in Ireland, aged 16 to 64 living and employed in the UK between 2013 and 2015.
"Any of those people who may have already returned home, or may be thinking of it, would do well to check their eligibility for a rebate, which could be as much as a huge £963 [€1,095], which is our average UK tax rebate."
Taxback.com has created what it calls a "no-nonsense" guide to income tax in the UK, which is aimed at helping Irish people who have worked or are currently working in the UK, to sort out their tax affairs and avail of any refunds that may be due.


Marketo is a big investment in both money and time, but once you get it up and running, it has the power to generate a big ROI.
In order to get the most out of it, there are a few details you need to be aware of when you're setting up your instance. Let's dig into them so that you don't miss out on anything that Marketo has to offer.
A CName is basically an alias for your website's URL that ties your Marketo landing pages to your website. So instead of your landing page being www.marketo.com/why_eat_grapes, It will be www.go.mycompany.com/why_eat_grapes. "Go", in this case, is the CName.
What is a good CName?
The trick is to keep the CName short, sweet, and to the point–like go.yourwebsite.com, pages.yourwebsite.com, and info.yourwebsite.com.
What is a bad CName?
There are a few CNames to avoid using in Marketo such as Marketing.mycompany.com, sales.mycompany.com. While these may seem like reasonable CNames, they look a little spammy and can turn leads away quickly.
What's the benefit of a CName?
CNames ensure consistent branding while also helping to improve your traffic and conversions. As a potential customer, would you be more willing to fill out a form on a page that's name was randomly generated by Marketo, or would you feel better if the name was associated with the website?
How soon should you create your CName?
You should set up the CName when you first get Marketo. The CName is set up in Admin → Landing Pages → Domain Name.
It's already tough enough to stand out in leads' inboxes, and sending out emails from the wrong address makes it even harder to convince people to open them. That's why it's so important to update your default email address when you first activate your Marketo account.
What email address is listed in the beginning?
Right out of the box, your Marketo default email address is the email address that you used to create the account. However, in the vast majority of cases, this is not the address that you actually want your emails to be sent from. Luckily, changing your default to a different email address is easy to do in the Admin section.
In addition to making sure your recipients see the proper email address in their inboxes, updating your default email address means you don't have to fill in a sender address every time you send an email. Not only will this save you time, it will also help reduce the risk of errors. However, if you have a one-off email that needs to be sent from a different email address, it's easy to change.
It's a way to categorize your Marketo programs for reports. Specifically, you can use them to organize your Program Performance Report. With tags, you can pull a report to see how Product A is performing vs. Product B, or you can see how different sales regions are performing, etc.
What are the most useful tags?
Campaign Owner, Product, and Region are all common tags used to categorize programs.
What's the biggest benefit of using tags?
Tags will take your Marketo Reports to the next level and provide you with the data you need to make sound business decisions.
Where are the Tags in Marketo Setup?
Taking some extra time to set up these details will pay off in the long run. Not only will you get a more customized Marketo experience, you can also dramatically improve your reporting, prevent errors, and boost your conversion rates.


Coowor.com is a professional media website dedicated to HVACR industry.
Coowor.com has become the official media partners for CRH China, ISH China, China Refrigeration, Air-conditioning and Heat Pump Expo, Chengdu HVAC and Indoor Environment Expo, International Boiler Exhibition, Guangzhou International Electric Heating Technology & Equipment Exhibition, IVPC Shanghai and Climate Abu Dhabi. And we are very contributive to these exhibitions' promotion and communication.
Coowor.com is the only specialized and professional B2B platform for global HVACR trade, with over 500 registered members and 20,000 customer database resources. We provide live reports and promotion services for many well-known enterprises, and also powerful data support for exhibition organizers.
We provide free press releases for the media partners and member enterprises.
We extend one-month free advertising space on Coowor.com for media partners. The space is A1, A2 and A3 as below. The size of A1 should better be 800*119 px; A2 should better be 1140*150 px and A3 should better be 300*210 px. And all these photos should not exceed 100Kb.
3.3 Display the logo of Coowor.com as official media partner on exhibition official website.
If you intend to establish our partnership, please contact us as soon as possible. Coowor.com is willing to share with you all the resources we have and deepen our cooperation.
Coowor Network Technology Co., Ltd.


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President Benito Pablo Juárez García
March 21, 1806(1806-03-21,)
San Pablo Guelatao, Oaxaca
July 18, 1872 (aged 66)
Ignacio Comonfort
Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada
Margarita Maza
Benito Pablo Juárez García (March 21, 1806 – July 18, 1872) was a Zapotec Amerindian who served five terms[1] (1858–1861), (1861–1865), (1865–1867), (1867–1871), and (1871–1872), as President of Mexico.For resisting the French occupation, overthrowing the Empire, and restoring the Republic, as well as his efforts to modernize the country, Juárez is often regarded as Mexico's greatest and most beloved leader. He is the only full-blooded indigenous national to serve as President of Mexico, a not inconsequential achievement in a nation where the rights of the indigenous people have tended to be a low priority. He is mainly remembered for his radical reformist spirit, for his dedication to democracy and to securing equal rights for indigenous people, as well as for lessening the power the Roman Catholic Church held over Mexican politics. The period of his leadership is known in Mexican history as La Reforma (the reform), and constituted a liberal political and social revolution. These reforms brought major institutional consequences such as the expropriation of church lands, bringing the army under civilian control, and liquidation of peasant communal land holdings [2] and adoption of a federalist constitution.
2 Political career
Juárez was born in the small village of San Pablo Guelatao, Oaxaca to indigenous parents. His parents were peasants who died when he was three. He worked in the corn fields and as a shepherd until the age of 12. On December 17, 1818, he walked to the city of Oaxaca looking to educate himself and find a better life. At the time he was illiterate and could not speak Spanish, only Zapotec.
In the city he had a sister who worked as a cook and there, he took a job as a domestic servant and eagerly made up for his lack of education. A lay Franciscan, Antonio Salanueva, was impressed with young Benito's intelligence and thirst for learning, and arranged for his placement at the city's seminary. He studied there but decided to pursue law rather than the priesthood. He graduated from the seminary in 1827 and went on to get a law degree at the Instituto de Ciencias y Artes.[3]
Political career
Faced with growing opposition, Santa Anna resigned in 1855 and Juárez returned to Mexico. The liberales (liberals) formed a provisional government under Juan Álvarez, inaugurating the period known as La Reforma. The Reform laws sponsored by the puro (pure) wing of the Liberal Party curtailed the power of the Catholic Church and the military, while trying to create a modern civil society and capitalist economy on the North American model. The Ley Juárez (Juarez's Law) of 1855, for example, abolished special clerical and military privileges, and declared all citizens equal before the law. In 1857 the liberals promulgated a new federalist constitution. Juárez became Chief Justice and Vice-President of Mexico, under moderado (moderate) president Ignacio Comonfort.
The conservadores (conservatives) led by General Félix Zuloaga, with the backing of the military and the clergy, launched a revolt under the Plan of Tacubaya in December 1857. Juárez was arrested, but escaped to lead the liberal side in the Mexican War of the Reform, first from Querétaro and later from Veracruz. In 1859, Juárez took the radical step of declaring the confiscation of church properties. In spite of the conservatives' initial military advantage, the liberals, drawing on support of regionalist forces, turned the tide in 1860 and recaptured Mexico City in January 1861. Juárez was elected President in March for another four-year term, under the Constitution of 1857.
Faced with bankruptcy and a war-ravaged economy, Juárez declared a moratorium on foreign debt payments. Spain, Great Britain, and France reacted with a joint seizure of the Veracruz customs house in December 1861. Spain and Britain soon withdrew, but the French Emperor Napoleon III used the episode as a pretext to launch the French intervention in Mexico in 1862, with plans to establish a conservative regime. The Mexicans won an initial victory over the French at Puebla in 1862, celebrated annually as Cinco de Mayo (May 5). The French advanced again in 1863, forcing Juárez and his elected government to retreat to the arid northern city of Chihuahua. Meanwhile Maximilian von Hapsburg, a younger brother of the Emperor of Austria, was proclaimed Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico on April 10, 1864 with the backing of Napoleon III and a group of Mexican conservatives. Before Juárez fled, Congress granted him an emergency extension of his presidency, which came into effect from 1865, when his term expired, until 1867, when the last of Maximilian's forces were defeated.
In response to the French intervention and the elevation of Maximilian, Juarez sent General Plácido Vega y Daza to California to gather Mexican American sympathy for Mexico's plight. Maximilian, who personally harbored liberal and Mexican nationalist sympathies, offered Juárez amnesty, and later the post of prime minister, but Juárez refused to accept either a monarchy or a government imposed by foreigners. With its own civil war over, the United States invoked the Monroe Doctrine to give diplomatic recognition to Juárez' government-in-exile and supply weapons and funding to the Republican forces. Faced with this and a growing threat from Prussia, the French troops began pulling out of Mexico in late 1866. Mexican conservatism was a spent force and was less than pleased with the liberal Maximilian. In 1867 the last of the Emperor's forces were defeated and Maximilian was sentenced to death by a military court. Despite national and international pleas for amnesty, Juárez refused to commute the sentence, and Maximilian was executed by firing squad on June 19, his body was returned to Europe for burial.
Juárez was controversially re-elected President in 1867 and 1871, using the office of the presidency to ensure electoral success and suppressing revolts by opponents like Porfirio Díaz. Benito Juárez died of a heart attack in 1872 while working at his desk in the National Palace in Mexico City. He was succeeded by Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada, his foreign minister.
Benito Juárez park monument in Houston, Texas, U.S..
Juárez's famous quotation continues to be well-remembered in Mexico: Entre los individuos, como entre las naciones, el respeto al derecho ajeno es la paz, meaning "Among individuals, as among nations, respect for the rights of others is peace." It is inscribed on the coat of arms of Oaxaca.
When Maximilian proposed a meeting with Juarez and offered him the post of Prime Minister of the Empire, Juarez was fleeing with his wife and children from Maximilian's and French armies, and he replied to the Emperor's proposal as follows:
"You assure me that you have no doubt that if I accept this meeting, the peace and happiness of the Mexican nation will result from it, and that the Empire will reserve for me a distinguished position, seeking the help of my talents and patriotism. Certainly, sir, the history of our times registers the name of great traitors who have violated their oaths, their word and their promises; they have betrayed their own party, their principles, their ancestors and everything an honorable man holds sacred. Furthermore, in all these cases, the traitor has been guided by a vile ambition of power and a miserable desire to satisfy his own passions and even his own vices. However, the man currently in charge of the presidency of the Republic, a man that came out of the dark masses of the common people, will succumb - if such is the design of Providence - after fulfilling his duty until the end, in accordance with the trust of the nation that he presides over and having satisfied the requirements of his own conscience. I must conclude due to my lack of time, but I will add a last observation. It is given to men, sometimes, to attack the rights of others, to seize their goods, to threaten the life of those who defend their nation, to make the highest virtues seem crimes, and to give their own vices the luster of true virtue. But there is one thing that cannot be influenced either by falsification or betrayal, namely the tremendous verdict of history. It is she who will judge us."
Monument to Juárez, Mexico City
Today Benito Juarez is remembered as being a reformer dedicated to bringing his country a greater degree of democracy, equal rights for the nation's indigenous Indian population, lessening the great power that the Roman Catholic Church then held over Mexican politics, and defense of national sovereignty. The period of his leadership is known in Mexican history as La Reforma (the reform), and constituted a liberal political and social revolution with major institutional consequences: the expropriation of church lands, bringing the army under civilian control, liquidation of peasant communal land holdings, and adoption of a federalist constitution.
La Reforma represented the triumph of Mexico's liberal, federalist, anti-clerical, and pro-capitalist forces over the conservative, centralist, corporatist, and theocratic elements that sought to reconstitute a locally-run version of the old colonial system. It replaced a semi-feudal social system with a more market-driven one, but following Juárez's death, the lack of adequate democratization and institutional stability soon led to a return to levels of centralized autocracy and economic exploitation under the regime of Porfirio Díaz that surpassed anything from the colonial or conservative eras. The porfiriato (Porfirist era), in turn, collapsed in the Mexican Revolution.
The anniversary of Juárez's birth (March 21) is a national holiday in Mexico (See: Fiestas Patrias (Mexico)).
Juárez was given the title of "Benemérito de las Américas" ("the meritorious one of the Americas") by the government of the Republic of Colombia, on May 1, 1865. The Congress of Colombia proclaimed in such date: "The Congress of Colombia, in the name of the people it represents, and facing the unselfishness and the undeniable perseverance that Señor Benito Juárez, in his role of constitutional President of Mexico, has launched towards the defense of the independence and freedom of his Homeland, proclaims that citizen Juárez has deserved the title of Asset of the Americas, and as a homage to such virtues, and as an example to the Colombian youth, has ruled that the portrait of this eminent statesman will be displayed at the National Library with the following script:
Benito Juárez Mexican Citizen The Congress of 1865 dedicates, in the name of the Colombian people, this homage attesting his fortitude in defending the freedom and independence of México."
A Colombian citizen, Alejo Morales, supported the proclamation of Juarez in a letter to the Colombian Senate and Representatives, where he describes Juarez as follows:
"…Juárez is the upright statesman that makes a clear contrast with one too many traitors and betrayers; the man of good faith that chooses misery and death to shame, because the word "duty" is more flattering to him than the insignia of Great Marshall; he is the genius that will scare away, no question about it, the horrifying tempest that has blown so recently upon the New World; he is, gentlemen, Senators, the one that is being proposed that you honor through a decree. I would not believe there is a single Colombian Senator that would not want to hurry to support, through his vote, the consacration of such an act, than would honor more us than the immortal Juarez."
Italy's Fascist Dictator Benito Mussolini was named after Benito Juarez by his socialist parents. Note that Benito translates to Benedict, and the Italian for Benedict would have been Benedetto.
Warner Brothers produced a biographical film about Juarez, simply titled Juarez in 1939, with Paul Muni portraying the leader. American actress Bette Davis appeared in the film, which featured a powerful musical score by Erich Wolfgang Korngold.
Juárez has also been played in motion pictures by Jason Robards, Sr. (1940), Fausto Tozzi (1965), Helmut Schellhardt (1988), and Luis Valdez (1994).
A great number of cities, towns, streets, institutions, etc., are named after Benito Juárez; see Juárez for a partial list.
There are prominent monuments to Juárez in most or all American nations in addition to Mexico. Examples include:
The United States has statues of Juárez along Sixth Avenue in New York City's Bryant Park; in Washington, DC, across from the Watergate Building; at the "Plaza de las Américas" on North Michigan Avenue in Chicago, Illinois; and on Basin Street in New Orleans, Louisiana. Additional tributes include elementary schools in both Anaheim, California and San Diego, California named after Benito Juárez.
In Guatemala, there are monuments to Juárez in Quetzaltenango and Guatemala City.
In New Delhi, The Government of India named a major road as Benito Juarez Marg in his memory. The road is home to many institutes of higher education.
It has been said that Abraham Lincoln had great sympathy to the Juarista cause. When he could get no support in the U.S. Congress, he supposedly had the Army "lose" some supplies (including rifles) "near" (across) the border with Mexico.
History of Mexico
ΦΙΑ – A U.S. university fraternity that takes Benito Juárez as one of its "five pillars"
Statues of the Liberators
↑ México - Presidencia de la República, Biografías de los gobernantes de México, Biografías de los gobernantes de México Retrieved November 1, 2007.
↑ These communal properties were controlled by local elders and were often rented out to meet civic expenses frequently associated with religious festivals. However, the land was also unavailable for use by individuals. The liberal view was that by distributing this land among private landowners, it would create wealth and a new class of landed citizens who "freed from the constraints and obligations of communal life, would be inclined to invest their surplus rather than squander it on the rituals and fiestas associated with the religious cult," Jennie Purnell, "Popular Resistance to the Privatization of Communal Lands in 19th Century Michoacán," Prepared for presentation at the 19th International Congress of the Latin American Studies Association, (Washington, D.C., September 28-30, 1995) Popular Resistance to the Privatization of Communal Lands. Retrieved January 12 2008
↑ Mexicó para niños, Biography of Benito Juárez. History. Mexico, Biography of Benito Juárez Retrieved December 18, 2007.
Burke, Ralph. A Life of Benito Juarez, Constitutional President of Mexico. Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2007. ISBN 0548150907
México - Presidencia de la República. Biografías de los gobernantes de México. Biografías de los gobernantes de México Retrieved November 1, 2007.
Mexicó para niños. Biography of Benito Juárez. History. Mexico. Biography of Benito Juárez. Retrieved December 18, 2007.
Purnell, Jennie "Popular Resistance to the Privatization of Communal Lands in 19th Century Michoacán," Prepared for presentation at the 19th International Congress of the Latin American Studies Association, Washington, D.C., September 28-30, 1995. Popular Resistance to the Privatization of Communal Lands. Retrieved January 12 2008
Ridley, Jasper. Maximilian & Juárez. Troy, MI: Phoenix Press, 2001. ISBN 1842121502
Stein, R. Conrad. The Story of Mexico: Benito Juarez and the French Intervention. Greensboro, NC: Morgan Reynolds Publishing, 2007. ISBN 1599350521
Mexico's Lincoln: The Ecstasy and Agony of Benito Juarez
Juarez Photos
Benito Juarez at Find-a-Grave
Benito_Juárez history
History of "Benito Juárez"
Retrieved from http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=Benito_Ju%C3%A1rez&oldid=1001946
Politicians and reformers


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Ehsani Shakib hopes to win gold medal at 2020 Paralympic Games
Javid Ehsani Shakib hopes that his bronze medal in the 2016 Paralympic Games will be upgraded to gold medal in the next Paralympics.
Ehsani Shakib won a bronze medal in the men's shot put – F57 event at the Rio 2016 Paralympics Games.
"I suffered a shoulder injury at Paralympics but I will start my training soon. I want to show a better performance in 2016 Paralympic Games in Tokyo," Ehsani Shakib told Paralympic.ir.
"We have three events ahead of us. First, we will participate at the IPC Grand Prix FAZAA International Athletics Competition in Dubai in March.
"We will also take part at the 4th Islamic Solidarity Games in Baku in May and IPC World Championships in London next July," he added.
"I have to work very hard for IPC World Championships since so many athletes who failed to win a medal in Rio will partake in the competition to seize a medal," Ehsani Shakib said.
"I am satisfied with the bronze medal I won in Rio since my main event is discus throwing but I took part at shot put. I am going to win a gold medal in the event in 2020 Paralympic Games," Ehsani Shakib concluded.