text:
\subsection{Motivation and Idea}
We begin with some definitions and notation which we will use throughout the paper:
\begin{itemize}
    \item Let $X$ and $Y$ denote real Hilbert spaces and $A:X\to Y$ a continuous linear operator.
    \item For a given $x\in X$ we define $y := Ax$.
    \item Let further $\delta>0$ be a given \textbf{noise level} and $y^\delta := y + \eta$ be a noisy measurement, where the classical assumption is $\|\eta\| \le \delta$ with $\eta$ some random noise (\citet{engl1996regularization}).
    \item Let $U\subset X$ be a non-empty set, called the \textbf{set of plausible solutions} (e.g.\ sparse or smooth elements or even natural images). For all measurements we will assume $x\in U$.
    \item As discussed above, we informally define the \textbf{set of valid solutions} as the set $V\subset X$ such that the elements of $V(A, y^\delta, \delta)$ would ``explain'' the measurement $y^\delta$, given the operator $A$ and the noise level $\delta$. A formal discussion will follow in Section~\ref{ssec:set_valid_solutions}.
\end{itemize}
Given these definitions we can define the central object of this paper: the set $V\cap U$, which we call the set of \textbf{valid and plausible} solutions. The main goal of this paper is to find an element of $V\cap U$, which we assume to be non-empty.

If we assume $U$ and $V$ to be closed and convex or to have one of many much weaker properties, see \citet{GUBIN19671, Bauschke1993, lewis2008alternating, lewis2009local, drusvyatskiy2015transversality}, etc., we can use \textbf{von Neumann's alternating projection algorithm} (\citet{Bauschke1993}) to accomplish the task of finding an element in $V\cap U$. The algorithm is given by the alternating projections into the two sets $V$ and $U$ and returns in a point in their intersection, i.e.,
\begin{equation}
    U\cap V \ni P_V \circ P_U \circ P_V\circ P_U \circ \cdots \circ P_V x_0,
    \label{eq:alterating}
\end{equation}
for all $x_0\in X$, we always simply set $x_0=0$.
For a visual representation of the algorithm, see Figure~\ref{fig:projection_ball_square} in the appendix.
In this paper, we use this alternating pattern to tackle reconstruction problems. Therefore we rely on having the projections $P_V$ and $P_U$. Since $P_U$ is task-dependent, we begin by analyzing the set of valid solutions and its projection $P_V$.

\subsection{The Set of Valid Solutions}
\label{ssec:set_valid_solutions}
In this subsection, we motivate a definition of the set of valid solutions and analyze it. The classical assumption for inverse problems is that one has $\|\eta\| \le \delta$ for some noise $\eta$ and a noise level $\delta>0$. This could motivate the definition of the set of valid solutions as
\begin{equation}
    \overline V(A, y^\delta, \delta):= \{x\in X:\|Ax-y^\delta\|\le \delta\}.
\end{equation}
But, considering the fact that $\eta$ is usually assumed to be ``unstructured noise'' (e.g. Gaussian) and $X$ is usually assumed to be high- (e.g.\ images) or even infinite-dimensional (e.g.\ functions), we can utilize the principle of concentration of measure (\cite{talagrand1996new}) to conclude that $\|\eta\|\approx\delta$, with increasing accuracy for higher dimensions. This motivates us to define
\begin{equation}
    V(A, y^\delta, \delta):= \{x\in X:\|Ax-y^\delta\| = \delta\}.
\end{equation}
Note that this set is closed since $A$ is continuous. Furthermore, since $A$ is linear, $\overline V$ is also convex. This makes a projection onto $\overline V$ well defined, as well as onto $V$ up to a null set.

In our experiments, however, we found that we rarely had to deal with points in $\overline V$, which makes their projection into $\overline V$ and $V$ equivalent. In practice, we will therefore often simply calculate $P_{\overline V}$ in place of $P_V$, since this can be done very efficiently. We now discuss how to calculate $P_{\overline V}$ and turn it into a neural network layer.

\subsection{Projection into the Valid Solutions as a Layer}
\label{ssec:projection_valid_solution}
In this subsection, we first discuss how to calculate $P_V$ for an $x\notin\overline V$, i.e., $P_{\overline V}$, and then how to calculate its derivative. The calculation of its derivative is of interest since we want to use the projection within a neural network. It would not be feasible to calculate the derivative via some automatic differentiation package, since the calculation of the projection is iterative, which could quickly cause the process to exceed the memory of the machine. From now on, we will assume $x\notin\overline V$.

We begin by deriving an algorithm to calculate the projection into $V,$ i.e., how to solve the constrained optimization problem given by Expression~\eqref{eq:set_projection}.
We can use the method of Lagrangian multipliers to rewrite the expression as the optimization problem
\begin{equation}
    P_V x^* := \arg\min_{x\in X} L_{\mu(\delta, x^*)}(x^*, x),
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
    L_{\mu(\delta, x^*)}(x^*, x) := \frac{\mu(\delta, x^*)}{2} \|Ax-y^\delta\|^2 + \frac{1}{2} \|x-x^*\|^2.
\end{equation}
Since $\mu$ not only depends on $x^*$ but also on $\delta$ via the equality
\begin{equation}
    \|Ax-y^\delta\| = \delta,
\end{equation}
we propose the following alternating algorithm:
\begin{enumerate}
    \setcounter{enumi}{-1}
    \item Find $\mu_+$ s.t. $\varphi(\mu_+)\ge 0$ and $\mu_-$ s.t. $\varphi(\mu_-)\le 0$, set $\mu := \frac{\mu_+ + \mu_-}{2}$.
    \item Solve $x(\mu) := \arg\min_{x\in X} L_{\mu}(x^*, x)$.
    \item Adjust $\mu_+$ and $\mu_-$ via binary search step for root of $\varphi(\mu) := \|Ax(\mu)-y^\delta\|^2 - \delta^2$.
    \item Repeat 1. and 2. until some stopping criterion is reached.
\end{enumerate}
To solve step 1. we can calculate
\begin{equation}
    0 \stackrel{!}{=} F_\mu(x^*, x) := \partial_x L_\mu(x^*, x)^T
    = \left(\mathds{1} + \mu A^TA\right)x - (\mu A^T y^\delta + x^*)
    \label{eq:extrem_point}
\end{equation}
which leads to
\begin{equation}
    x = \left(\mathds{1} + \mu A^TA\right)^{-1}(\mu A^T y^\delta + x^*).
\end{equation}
This can be nicely solved via the efficient conjugate gradient method (CG-method) (\citet{hestenes1952methods}), which does not have to calculate $A^TA$ or even hold it in memory. This can, especially for short-fat matrices (like used in compressed sensing (\citet{eldar2012compressed})), be a significant computational advantage.

The above calculations can be used to flesh out the projection algorithm in more detail, see Algorithm~\ref{algo:ellipsoid_projection}. In practice we stop the computation for $|\|y^\delta - Ax^\dagger\| - \delta| / \delta$ being $\le10^{-2}$, where $x^\dagger$ the current reconstruction. For a complexity analysis of the algorithm see Figure~\ref{fig:complexity_analysis} in the appendix.

\begin{algorithm}[t]
    \SetKwInOut{Input}{Input}
    \SetKwInOut{Output}{Output}

    \underline{function Projection into $\overline V$} $(A,y^\delta, \delta, x^*, \mu_0)$:\\
    \Input{Matrix $A:X\to Y$, vectors $y^\delta \in Y$, $x^* \in X$ and scalars $\delta>0$, $\mu_0>0$}
    \Output{$P_{\overline V} x^*$}
    $\mu_- \leftarrow \mu_0$\\
    $\mu_+ \leftarrow \mu_0$\\

    // Find upper bound for $\mu$.\\
    \While{$\varphi(\mu_-) > 0$} {
        \If {$\mu_- > \mu_+$} {
            $\mu_+ \leftarrow \mu_-$
        }
        $\mu_- \leftarrow 2\mu_-$\\
    }

    // Find lower bound for $\mu$.\\
    \While{$\varphi(\mu_+) < 0$} {
        \If {$\mu_- > \mu_+$} {
            $\mu_- \leftarrow \mu_+$
        }
        $\mu_+ \leftarrow \mu_+ / 2$\\
    }

    // Increase lower bound and decrease upper bound for $\mu$.\\
    $\mu \leftarrow (\mu_- + \mu_+) / 2$\\
    \While{$|\varphi(\mu)| > \epsilon$} {
        \eIf{$\varphi(\mu) \le 0$}{
        $\mu_- \leftarrow \mu$\\
        }{
        $\mu_+ \leftarrow \mu$\\
        }
        $\mu \leftarrow (\mu_- + \mu_+) / 2$
    }
    return $x(\mu)$
    \caption{Projection of a point into the set $\overline V$}
    \label{algo:ellipsoid_projection}
\end{algorithm}

The algorithm allows us, given the projection $P_U$, to solve the inverse problem in the sense of finding a valid and plausible solution via Expression~\eqref{eq:alterating}.

To use $P_{\overline V}$ as a layer in a neural network and to incorporate it in a backpropagation training process, we have to be able to calculate its derivative. As already mentioned, using automatic differentiation may not be feasible, due to the possibly colossal memory requirements caused by the iterative nature of Algorithm~\ref{algo:ellipsoid_projection} (since this effectively would have to be realized via several subsequent layers).

To overcome this problem, we now utilize the implicit function theorem (\citet{krantz2012implicit}) to calculate the derivative of $P_V$ in a way that is also agnostic of the specific algorithm used to calculate the projection itself. This allows the backpropagation procedure to ignore the inner calculations of $P_V$ and treat it essentially as a black box procedure. To be more specific, given $x^*$ and $x := P_V x^*$, we want to calculate $\partial_{x^*}x$.

Since, due to Expression~\eqref{eq:extrem_point}, we have
\begin{align}
    0 &= F_\mu(x^*, x) := \left(\mathds{1} + \mu A^TA\right)x - (\mu A^T y^\delta + x^*)\\
      &= \mu \left(A^TAx - A^T y^\delta\right) + x - x^*,
      \label{eq:fix_point_lambda}
\end{align}
we can calculate the relevant $\mu$ via
\begin{equation}
    \mu = \|x - x^*\| / \|A^T\left(Ax - y^\delta\right)\|,
    \label{eq:mu_equation}
\end{equation}
completely agnostic of the specific algorithm used in the forward propagation to calculate $P_V$.

We can now use the implicit function theorem and, considering Expressions~\eqref{eq:fix_point_lambda} and~\eqref{eq:mu_equation}, obtain
\begin{align}
    \partial_{x^*}x &= -\left(\partial_x F_\mu\right)^{-1} \partial_{x^*} F_\mu\\
                    &= \left(\partial_x F_\mu\right)^{-1}\left(\mathds{1} - \frac{x^* - x}{\|x^* - x\|}\frac{(x^* - x)^T}{\|x^* - x\|}\right)\\
                    &= \left(\mathds{1} + \mu A^TA\right)^{-1}\left(\mathds{1} - \frac{x^* - x}{\|x^* - x\|}\frac{(x^* - x)^T}{\|x^* - x\|}\right)
                    = \left(\partial_{x^*}x\right)^T.
\end{align}
We are now able to calculate $\left(\partial_{x^*}x\right)^Tg^T$, which is necessary of the backpropagation, where $g$ is the gradient flowing downwards from the layer above again -- like in Algorithm~\ref{algo:ellipsoid_projection} -- this also can be done efficiently via the CG-method.

This allows us to implement $P_U$ as a layer in an end-to-end trainable network. We provide code for a PyTorch (\citet{pytorch}) implementation of the projection layer, see \citet{code_projection_layer}.

\subsection{Interpretation}
In this subsection, we discuss interpretations of the PM and its parts and how it relates to variations of the classical $L_2$-regularization
\begin{equation}
    x_{L_2}(\mu) := \arg \min_x \frac{\mu}{2}\|Ax-y^\delta\|^2 + \|Lx\|^2,
    \label{eq:l2_regularization}
\end{equation}
for some regularization parameter $\mu>0$ and some linear continuous operator $L$, often simply $L=id$ (\citet{engl1996regularization}).

We start by interpreting $P_V$ in the $L_2$ context. Usually the regularization parameter $\mu$ is chosen according to the Morozov's Discrepancy Principle (\citet{morozov2012methods}), which, in its classical form states that $\mu$ should be chosen such that (\citet{scherzer1993use})
\begin{equation}
\|Ax_{L_2}(\mu) - y^\delta\| = \delta.
\end{equation}

This leads to the nice interpretation that, for $L=\mathds{1}$, we have
\begin{equation}
    P_V0 = x_{L_2}(\mu(\delta, 0)),
\end{equation}
i.e., $\mu$ is \emph{chosen according to Morozov}.

A further similarity to the $L_2$-regularization becomes apparent when stating the PM via the expression
\begin{equation}
    x_{k+1} := \arg\min_x \frac{\mu(\delta, P_U(x_k))}{2} \|Ax-y^\delta\|^2 + \frac{1}{2} \|x - P_U(x_k)\|^2,
    \label{eq:PM}
\end{equation}
where $x_0 = 0$.
This looks similar to a non-linear version of the non-stationary iterated Tikhonov regularization which is given via
\begin{equation}
    x_{k+1} := \arg\min_x \frac{\mu_k}{2} \|Ax-y^\delta\|^2 + \frac{1}{2} \|Lx - Lx_k\|^2,
    \label{eq:iterated_tikhonov}
\end{equation}
where also $x_0 = 0$ and $\{\mu_k\}_k$ some predetermined sequence (\citet{hanke1998nonstationary}).

\section{Introduction}
\input{intoduction.tex}

\section{A Projectional Ansatz}
\label{sec:a_projectional_ansatz}
\input{a_projectional_ansatz.tex}

\section{Relation to Regularization by Denoising (RED)}
\label{sec:red}
\input{red.tex}

\section{Application to Deep Image Prior (DIP)}
\label{sec:dip}
\input{dip.tex}

\section{von Neumann Projection Architecture}
\label{sec:von_neumann_projection_architecture}
\input{von_neumann_projection_architecture.tex}

\FloatBarrier

\section{Conclusion}
\input{conclusion.tex}

\bibliographystyle{plainnat}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Q: NestJS Socket.io upload files So i have a socket.io server set up in NestJS, but i dont know how to upload files.
Can you help me? Thanks!
Heres the code:
    this.server.on("connection", async (socket) => {
      socket.on("newMessage", (data) => {
        this.server.emit("onMessage", {
          author: data.userid,
          username: data.username,
          pfp: process.env.CDN_URL + "pfp/" + data.pfp,
          message: data.message,
          sent_at: new Date(),
          chatid: data.chatid,
          frid: data.frid,
        });

        let messageData = new this.messagesModel({
          message: this.encrypt(data.message),
          chatid: new mongoose.Types.ObjectId(data.chatid),
          author: new mongoose.Types.ObjectId(data.userid),
          isEdited: false,
          sent_at: new Date(),
        });

        if(data.image !== ""){
          console.log("HAS IMAGE", data.image)
            console.log("upload")
        }

        messageData.save();
      });
})

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
← Austen vs. iPhone
Rockme Music Goes Online! →
"Now, Voyager" Revised
My wife is a huge Bette Davis fan and years ago she introduced me to one of Bette's best films: Now, Voyager.
Based on the popular romantic novel by Olive Higgins Prouty, Now, Voyager was released in 1942. Mega-star Bette Davis was Oscar-nominated for her performance in the film, which was selected in 2007 by the Library of Congress for preservation in the U.S. National Film Registry. Like all the great movies accorded that honor, Now, Voyager was deemed to be "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant."
Now Voyager may be a timeless classic – but there's one central aspect of the film that has not aged very well: all that smoking.
Of course, until the last 20 years or so, everybody smoked in the movies – and in the 40's and 50's, cigarette smoke filled nearly every romantic drama, gangster movie, western and film noir frame. But Now, Voyager made smoking a central character.
In the film's signature moment, Paul Henreid lights two cigarettes in his mouth at the same time and hands one to Bette. Henreid's ultra-romantic two-cigarette move was first used ten years earlier in the film, The Rich Are Always With Us – but when Paul Henreid did it in Now, Voyager — it caused a sensation. For years afterward, Henreid couldn't go anywhere without women begging him to pop two cigarettes in his mouth and fire them up.
Back then — unlike Bette and Paul's relatively chaste and unrequited lovers — Hollywood and the cigarette companies were in bed together. Check out this fine article for some eye-opening details on this unhealthy alliance, including Bette's contract with Lucky Strikes – and Paul Henreid's own radio promotion, using his role in Now, Voyager to flog cigarettes.
68 years later, Now, Voyager's smoky and sensual signature bit of dramatic business just wouldn't fly in today's more health conscious, socially and politically correct Hollywood.
So, while we were working on "The Vic & Paul Show" early this year, we asked ourselves, "What would happen if Now Voyager was re-made in 2010?"
Here's our answer to that question, performed puff by puff at the Push Lounge in Woodland Hills in June 2010.
Filed under Art, History
Tagged as Bette Davis, cabaret, cigarettes, comedy, film, Hollywood, improvisational comedy, movies, Now Voyager, Oscars, Paul Barrosse, Paul Henreid, Push Lounge, smoke, smoking, Steve Rashid, The Vic & Paul Show, Victoria Zielinski
3 responses to ""Now, Voyager" Revised"
Fask
A great item for my Related Arts class: the film segment. Thanks.
MME Corbett
VERY informative! I didn't know about the Henreid radio promotion for Chesterfields. Where did you find that?

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text:
RECRUITMENT ROUNDUP // GOOD PROSPECTS
MOVIE REVIEW OF ''THE MARKSMAN"
Strawberry Rhubarb Muffins
UA STUDENTS INSPIRED BY ANTHONY BRAXTON FUSE ART & MUSIC
University of Alabama art students will exhibit works inspired by the music of renowned jazz composer and musician Anthony Braxton Feb. 6-27 at The University of Alabama Gallery in the Dinah Washington Cultural Arts Center in downtown Tuscaloosa. The exhibit, "Anthony Braxton: Falling River Music Exhibition," coincides with Braxton's weeklong residency at UA Feb. 18-25.
An opening reception and concert will be held Friday, Feb. 6 from 5:30-7:30 p.m. at the gallery. A closing reception and concert will be held Monday, Feb. 23 from 6-8 p.m. at the gallery. Students in Assistant Professor Pete Schulte's advanced concepts in drawing class will exhibit works inspired by the musical scores and audio works of Braxton. Ausharea Adams, Mitchell Griest, Brittany Gunnells, Ali Hval, Patrick O'Brien, Jennifer Ocampo and Seth Saunders also curated the exhibition.
Braxton's musical career spans more than five decades. His many awards include a MacArthur fellowship, Guggenheim fellowship, 2009 honorary doctorate from the Université de Liège in Belgium, 2013 Doris Duke Performing Artist Award and 2013 New Music USA Letter of Distinction. He is also a 2014 National Endowment for the Arts Jazz Master. "Falling River Music is the name of a new structural prototype class of compositions in my music system that will seek to explore image logic construct 'paintings' as the score's extract music notation," Braxton writes about his current work. These scores consist of large, colorful drawings (reminiscent of the titles of Braxton's earlier compositions) alongside other notational symbols.
The students created artworks in response to Braxton's work. "Each of us has taken on one of Anthony Braxton's unique visual scores and one of his auditory compositions and are in the process of making work in response to it," said Mitchell Griest, a junior from Brighton, Michigan double majoring in computer science and studio art and minoring in math. "We are considering his larger body of work as well, but paying special attention to the pieces we were assigned individually as jumping off points." For the curating process, the students selected 35 of Braxton's visual scores to show alongside their own works.
The exhibit and weeklong residency are sponsored by the National Endowment for the Arts and The University of Alabama's New College, College of Arts and Sciences, Office of the Provost, School of Music, jazz studies program, Blount Undergraduate Initiative, Honors College, University Programs and departments of American studies and gender and race studies. For a full schedule of Braxton's weeklong residency at UA, visit http://www.sonicfrontiers.ua.edu.
SNAKE HANDLER // WARMS YOU UP // LOOSENS YOU UP
BLACK SAILS // A PIRATE'S LIFE FOR US
3 TAVERNS // WHITE HOPS IPA
Brett Reid
Ravage Cabernet Sauvignon Wine Review


text:
Departout
Why is a Cell Analogous to an Engineered Watch
by MithileshWordpress September 7, 2022
A cell is a living organism that has the ability to reproduce and grow. It is also analogous to an engineered watch in that it has a power source, which is its fuel. The fuel for the engine of a watch is the battery. A battery powers a watch and helps it run when you want it to work, but if you stop using it, then the watch will stop running as well.
1. The cell is the basic unit of life
All living organisms are composed of one or more cells, which are the basic units of life. Cells perform all the functions necessary for life, including taking in nutrients, producing energy, responding to stimuli, and replicating themselves.
2. Cells are very small
The average human cell is about 10 micrometers in diameter (a micrometer is one millionth of a meter). That means that a human cell is about 1/1000th of a centimeter across. To put that in perspective, a red blood cell is about the width of a human hair.
3. Cells are complex
Cells are complex structures that perform many specialized functions. They have a number of different parts, each with its own specific function. For example, cells have a membrane that separates them from their surroundings and helps to regulate what goes in and out of the cell. They also have a nucleus, which contains the cellufffds DNA (the genetic material that controls the cellufffds function).
4. Cells come in many different shapes and sizes
Cells come in many different shapes and sizes, depending on their function. Some cells, such as nerve cells, can be very long (up to several meters in length). Other cells, such as skin cells, are much smaller (just a few micrometers across).
5. Cells are organized into tissues and organs
Cells are organized into tissues and organs, which perform specific functions in the body. For example, muscle tissue is made up of cells that contract to produce movement; nerve tissue is made up of cells that send and receive signals; and connective tissue is made up of cells that hold body tissues together.
2. The cell is like a machine
The cell is like a machine because it is made up of many different parts that work together to perform specific functions. Just as a watch has gears, springs, and other components that work together to tell time, so too does a cell have parts that work together to carry out its many functions.
You can think of the cell as a tiny factory that is constantly working to produce the materials needed by the body. Like a factory, the cell has different "departments" (organelles) that are responsible for different tasks. And, just as a factory needs a source of energy to keep things running, so too does the cell need energy (in the form of ATP) to keep things moving.
3. The cell is like a factory
The cell is like a factory in that it takes in raw materials, processes them, and spits out finished products. Just as a watchmaker designs a watch to keep time, so cells are designed to carry out specific functions.
The cell is also like a watch in that it is composed of many small, specialized parts that work together. Each part has a specific function, and the function of the cell as a whole is determined by the way these parts are put together.
Finally, the cell is like a watch in that it runs on chemical energy. Just as a battery powers a watch, so cells use chemical energy to do their work.
4. The cell is like a computer
The cell is like a computer in that it uses various parts to perform various tasks. Each part has a specific function, and the whole system is controlled by a central processor. In the case of the cell, the central processor is the DNA.
5. The cell is like a city
Have you ever wondered how a cell is like a watch? If you think about it, there are several ways in which they are similar. Let's take a look at five of them:
1. Both watches and cells are composed of many different parts that work together to perform a specific function.
2. In order to work properly, both watches and cells need to be in a specific environment.
3. Watches and cells both use energy to function.
4. Watches and cells both have a system that helps regulate their internal environment.
5. Watches and cells both have the ability to repair themselves if they are damaged.
The cell is like a machine in many ways. It is composed of many parts that work together to perform specific functions. Just as a watch has gears and springs that work together to keep time, the cell has organelles that work together to keep the cell functioning.
The parts of the cell can be divided into two main categories: the organelles and the extracellular matrix. The organelles are the structures that make up the cell, and they are responsible for most of the cell's functions. The extracellular matrix is the material outside of the cell that helps it to maintain its shape and provides a scaffold for cellular growth.
The cell is like a factory in that it is full of discrete parts that work together to achieve a common goal. Just as a watch must have gears, springs, and a casing to work properly, so too must a cell have a variety of specialized parts working together. These parts are called organelles, and they each have a specific function to perform within the cell.
The cell is like a computer in many ways. It takes input (food, air, water), processes it (digestion, respiration, excretion), and produces output (energy, waste). It is also very organized; the various organelles within the cell are like the different parts of a computer (CPU, memory, hard drive). Just as a computer needs software (programs) to function, so does the cell need DNA (its genetic program) to function.
The cell is like a city. It has many different parts that work together to make it function. Just as a city has a mayor, a police force, and a fire department, the cell has a nucleus, mitochondria, and lysosomes. The cell also has a "membrane" that surrounds it and protects it from the outside world, just as a city has walls to protect its citizens.
The cell is like a machine
The cell is like a machine. Just as a watch is made up of many intricate parts that work together to keep time, the cell is made up of many different parts that work together to keep the organism alive. Each type of cell has a specific function, and all the cells in the body work cooperatively.
The "cell" is a living organism. It is an engine that has the ability to control and order its own activities, as well as others. Reference: the cell headquarters and inheritance; controls and orders the activities of the cell..
https://quizlet.com/45741069/parts-of-a-plant-cell-flash-cards/
https://www.answers.com/biology/Why_is_a_cell_analogous_to_an_engineered_watch
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-cells/hs-plant-vs-animal-cells/a/hs-plant-vs-animal-cells-review
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Silent Retreat Vol. 79 ~ Q&A Sessions European Online Retreat ~ August 2020 4 MP3 Download 7 hrs. 24 min. $40.00
Purchase Download
This 4-download set includes all of the Q&A sessions with Adyashanti and retreat attendees during the August 2020 European online silent retreat.
Please Note: The Talks and Guided Meditations from this retreat are available for purchase separately.
Q&A Session Topics Include:
Suffering—The Profound Motivator
Waking Up vs. Growing Up
Beyond Worthiness or Unworthiness
The Differentiating Function of Ego
The Dynamic Quality of Allowing Things as They Are
The Energetic Component of Awakening
The Spontaneous Arising and Passing of Everything
The Fear of Ego Annihilation
How Self-Kindness Opens Inner Doorways
How the Longing for Union Comes from Union
Where the Lover Disappears into the Beloved
Two Key Aspects of the Spiritual Instinct
The Paradox of Effort in Spiritual Practice
Being a Contribution to the World
"Spiritual practice eventually will checkmate your ego."
"Your mind is like an avoidance machine."
"Spirituality can be a segmented thing where you have your spiritual practice and your daily life. But your life is your practice."
"Your own awareness is always allowing every experience to be there, even the experience of repressing experiences. "
"Awareness is like the sun—it shines on the good and bad alike."
"Practice is the practice of rooting our attention into the immediacy of now, not orienting practice toward a goal somewhere outside of now."
"Each moment, each happening, each thought, each decision is actually a manifestation of the totality. There's not a little tiny 'me' in there deciding what to do or not to do. That decision itself—the impulse to make one decision as opposed to another decision—is coming from a greater totality."
"What if the whole world felt like your true body?"
"Allowing everything to be as it is isn't a goal; it's not an endpoint. It's a place from which a truly creative way of being, maybe even an awakened way of being, can arise out of that foundation."
"You accept the world as it is with all its craziness and its beauty and its violence and its peace and its love and everything that it is. But that's not an end point. That doesn't make you blind to seeing that there's a lot of help that is needed out there. The world needs us. It doesn't make us blind to that. We can accept something and still work to change it."
"So often fear is underneath our resistances. We don't feel the fear because the resistance is a covering emotion."
"Our longing for union comes from union, even though it doesn't feel like that. We only know that when we've completely returned to where the longing came from — from the point of origin. Then we discover a union that was always there, but we weren't conscious of it."
"If we're really going to be functionally clear and awake, we can't just rely on transcending the emotional body."
"The most transformative agents in the world are those people who are focused on what they're for and not obsessed with what they are against."
Recorded in San Jose, California on August 9-14, 2020.
Item #: DS-1161
Silent Retreat Vol. 79 ~ Talks Retreat: $40.00
Silent Retreat Vol. 79 ~ Meditations Retreat: $18.00


The E-Image MOKO DSLR deluxe shoulder support kit is equipped with a professional matte box. It comes with everything you need to help control light and flare using a matte box, flags and filters. Can be compatible with most video DSLRs including the Nikon D90, Canon 7D, Canon 5D Mark II and can be adapted for use with full size DSLRs such as the Canon 1D MKIV and Nikon D3s.
MOKO rig system can be attached to any tripod plate easily with MOKO-adpater plate.
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Revelation 101: Finding Jesus in the Book of Revelation. As we move into the holiday season at the end of this year, please mark your calendars for our January 25-February 2 intensive seminar on the Book of Revelation. This will take place over the span of just one week, with meetings from 7:00-8:30 each night beginning Friday evening, January 25. We'll make this part of our church service and continue from Sunday through the next Friday night for a week. Our wrap up will be on Sabbath, February 2, with the church service and final session after lunch. Please mark your calendar for January 25-February 2, 2019 as we find Jesus throughout the entire Book of Revelation.


UEA Chamber Choir is made up of students, staff, and members of the public and is conducted by Choirmaster, Tom Primrose. The choir rehearse on campus, every Monday (5.00pm-6.30pm), during the autumn and spring semesters, and perform either on campus or in the surrounding region, at least twice a year. Recent performances by the Chamber Choir include music by Rheinberger, Schütz, Poulenc, Kodaly, Charpentier, Vaughan Williams, Tchaikovsky, Stravinsky, Rachmaninov, Weir, Gibbons, Bryd, Grüber, Handl, Bruckner, Holst, Purcell, and Boyce.
Details of prevoius UEA Chamber Choir performances, can be found in our Concert Archive.
Details of forthcoming UEA Chamber Choir performances, can be found in our Events Calendar.
UEA Chamber Choir is open to singers of all voice types, with some vocal training and/or choral experience, and the ability to read and sight sing music with some fluency. The Chamber Choir are small and work to a high standard of music, in a wide range of periods, including a substantial amount of unaccompanied repertoire.
All UEA Chamber Choir members are auditioned. For your audition, you will be expected to sing exercises to test range, quality and intonation and to sing a short piece of sight-reading. You should prepare a song or other short piece to sing. You will be asked to sing without accompaniment, but the piece you choose does not have to be unaccompanied. The purpose of this is to encourage you to show the qualities of your voice in something you know.
Auditions for the 2019-20 concert season will take place on Friday 27 and Monday 30 September 2019. If you would like to audition to join UEA Chamber Choir, please either fill out an online application form or email musicevents@uea.ac.uk to request an audition (in your email, please state your: level of experience, voice type and availability for audition).
Please note that there is currently no subscription fee to join UEA Chamber Choir.
The 2018/19 concert season has now ended. The first concert of the 2019/20 season will take place in December 2019.
Below is a video of UEA Chamber Choir performing. More can be found on our media page or our YouTube channel.


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Ecola State Park – What to See and Do
10/1/2020 - Information Provided by justgotravelstudios.com Located just a short drive north of popular Cannon Beach, Ecola State Park stretches along nine miles of Oregon coastline. The 1,023-acre park is probably best known for its rugged beauty and scenic vistas—some of which have been featured in movies such as The Goonies, Point Break… SEE MORE
New England Aerial Photography
10/1/2020 - Maine Imaging is a photography company specializing in high resolution aerial photography. We have serviced Maine and New England for over 16 years, and have clients stretching from Northern Maine to New York City. With over 16,000 stock aerial images available online, Maine Imaging has the largest current collection of… SEE MORE
America's Great Loop: "The Last Great Adventure."
16/9/2019 - The Great Loop has been called "the last great adventure in North America", and it's gaining in popularity as hundreds of boats follow the 6,000-mile continuous waterway route every year. The Great Loop takes boaters up the Atlantic seaboard, through historic canals, across the Great Lakes, down the inland rivers… SEE MORE
Ways to Help People in the Bahamas Effected by Hurricane Dorian
3/9/2019 - The effects of hurricane Dorian were particularly devastating in the Bahamas. The communities in the Abaco and Grand Bahama Islands, where the eye of the storm passed -- and stayed for a protracted time, are only just beginning to be able to assess the impact of the category 5 hurricane. The… SEE MORE
Have Your Heard About Matlacha, Florida?
19/8/2019 - Think of Matlacha (pronounced MATT-luh-SHAY) as Mayberry meets Woodstock. Locals in town—and on the island that shares its name—offer the kind of warm welcome you'd expect from a small Southern town. But Matlacha's proximity to the Gulf of Mexico and its chill island vibe attract outdoor adventurers, as well as free-spirited artists… SEE MORE
"Best Harbor in the U.S." 2019 Winners Announced
28/4/2019 - As many of you know, over the past few months US Harbors has been on a mission to find out which community our 4 million users deem the "Best Harbor of 2019". It's been a tight race and the time has finally come to announce the winners! 2019 Winner – Best… SEE MORE
BEST HARBOR – In South Dartmouth, Where Life Slows Down
15/4/2019 - By Megan Lisagor Stoessell SOUTH DARTMOUTH – Moving back to New England last May, we arrived at the airport with suitcases stuffed with swimsuits and two temporary places to live while we looked for a lease. We'd spend the first half of summer in South Dartmouth and the second half… SEE MORE
Taking Better Photographs on the Water
11/2/2019 - Certain environments lend themselves as better photographic subjects than others. The waterfront is one such environment, whether it's the vast oceans, calm bays, lazy rivers or busy harbors. So the next time you find yourself and your camera on the waterfront—at a marina, pier or shoreline, follow a few simple… SEE MORE
Chris Craft is ready for its new owner, RV maker Winnebago, to accelerate its growth
6/2/2019 - Seven months after the acquisition from the private-equity firm that rescued it, the boatmaker is poised to leave rivals in its wake Sarasota's Chris-Craft Corp. and its owner, Winnebago Industries Inc., have big plans. The blueprint for increasing the number of boat models Chris-Craft offers, the size of its plant… SEE MORE
Dreaming of summer: New England Boat Show kicks off boating season
4/2/2019 - The professional football season might have ended with the Super Bowl this weekend, but another season is kicking off just a week later. For boat dealers, the New England Boat Show, held Feb. 9-17 in Boston, represents the start of the year's sales season. "The Boston Boat Show is kind… SEE MORE


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Back to the Gun Owner's Blog
The privileged candidate: Why do we let Gavin Newsom get away with this?
December 5, 2018 by
mbreton@sacbee.com
If Gavin Newsom is elected governor of California without so much as a speed bump on his political journey of entitlement, it may take future social scientists to explain why current California voters were so willing to give this guy a pass on all the things we know about him.
Can't you see this picture for what it really is?
The 50-year-old lieutenant governor and former mayor of San Francisco is the living embodiment of privilege, and people seem to be OK with that. He has white male privilege. Class privilege. Wealth privilege. The privilege of good looks.
All creates a Teflon exterior, protecting Newsom's horrendous lapses of judgment and character, excusing his questionable background. It is simply accepted without eliciting the negative scrutiny that would dog or even derail lesser mortals.
If one of Newsom's opponents – say, former Los Angeles Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa or State Treasurer John Chiang – were bankrolled by one of the richest men in California for most of their lives, as Newsom has been by oil heir Gordon Getty, they would be answering for it every day on the campaign trail. A Mexican American guy or an Asian guy having a rich, white sugar daddy greasing the skids for them at every critical turn of their adult lives would be viewed with suspicion. But that is what Newsom had with Getty.
Villaraigosa or Chiang would have been described as puppets. They would be described as being in the pocket of their patron.
But for Newsom, Getty is portrayed as a "family friend." Meanwhile, Newsom has gotten to call himself an "entrepreneur" for years.
Yeah, that's rich.
How much of an entrepreneur can you really be when one rich guy pumps huge money into just about everything you do?
Again, this isn't a new story. Back in 2003, the San Francisco Chronicle wrote that Getty helped Newsom become a millionaire by investing in every one of his ventures. A story in The Sacramento Bee a year ago chronicled Newsom's ties to Getty and his financial benefits from them. Where would Newsom's privileged portfolio be without Getty pumping money into his wine business, hospitality business, real estate business?
Getty was often the lead investor in Newsom businesses and, as it always does, money followed money. The picture of Newsom that has evolved over time is of a man who just naturally runs with the wealthy. He doesn't generate headlines because, say, institutional money flows his way.
But when Villaraigosa gets a $12.5 million expenditure from billionaire Eli Broad, Reed Hastings of Netflix and former New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg, it's a story for days. It's a story about evil charter school investors using Villaraigosa to take on public schools.
Villaraigosa was also criticized for working as a consultant for Herbalife, the L.A.-based nutritional supplements company targeted by the feds for deceptive business practices. Villaraigosa consulted for them after he was mayor of Los Angeles. Newsom's wealth, according to many accounts, has risen since he became an elected official.
But apparently Newsom's money is clean, and Villaraigosa's is dirty. When you're bankrolled by a rich patron, you don't have to humble yourself by having to earn a living after you leave office, as Villaraigosa did.
Don't take my word for it: "I think it's unfair to candidates who are of modest means and can't finance their own campaigns to assert or insinuate that every single entity they take campaign contributions from they're in debt to," Garry South, a political consultant who doesn't have a candidate in the governor's race, told the Los Angeles Times. "It just doesn't work that way."
Well, it doesn't work that way for Newsom. He's banked millions of dollars without the stain of patronage sticking to him. But Villaraigosa is accused of being in the pocket of charter schools or Herbalife.
Why is this? Why is it OK for one candidate to get rich while in office but another to get criticized for making money out of office?
The reasons go deeper than Villaraigosa's brown skin and Chiang's immigrant background creating bigger hurdles for them to clear.
If another gubernatorial candidate, Delaine Eastin, had slept with a subordinate while she was state superintendent of public instruction, and if the subordinate had gotten thousands of public dollars in a payoff not seen before or since, would the public even accept her as a candidate?
Before you answer that, consider Megan Barry, the now-disgraced ex-mayor of Nashville. Barry was the first female mayor of Nashville. She was a progressive star on the rise. She had an affair with the head of her security team. Barry and her lover were accused of misappropriating more than $11,000 in public money. Barry resigned, agreed to reimburse the money. Her lover will pay back more than $40,000 he banked in overtime while working for Barry.
OK, well, in 2007 Newsom had an affair with his appointments secretary. And she wasn't just his secretary. She was married to one of his top political aides and best friend. After the affair became public, Newsom's lover somehow landed a $10,000 payout in public money from a fund intended for city employees with catastrophic and life-threatening illnesses.
How can sleeping with Gavin Newsom be considered a catastrophic or life-theatening illness?
Minister of What? You have to be kidding… July 17, 2019
AMMO REGISTRATION: SEND US YOUR HORROR STORIES! July 11, 2019
$11 Million Lost in CalPERS Anti-Gun Political Correctness June 26, 2019
Big Daddy Unruh Was Right – Resolutions Are Worthless! June 14, 2019
Ready or Not: What You Need to Know About CA's New Ammo Registration Scheme May 29, 2019
Courts & Legal


This skin prep kit includes everything you need to maximize your tanning results for a competition tan or every day color! All at a discounted price! Coconut Body Scrub is a pre-tan body scrub that gently exfoliates by eliminating dead, dull skin. Formulated with Lemon Oil and Malakite, Pre-Tan Skin Prep Spray balances your skin's pH while gently exfoliating and removing excess oil. Re-hydrate with our Coconut Cream Moisturizer! This luxurious after-tan moisturizer is pH balanced and made with natural ingredients that soothe and heal your skin without feeling greasy. Our skin prep kit will help your tan look amazing and you'll love the way your skin smells and feels whether its a spray tan for competition or just a daily summer glow.
Directions for use: In the shower, apply a small amount of Coconut Body Scrub to wet skin and scrub paying careful attention to your hands, feet and knees. Towel dry. Spray Pre-tan Skin Prep spray all over your body, especially armpits and torso. Wait one minute, towel off or air dry and follow with Elite Tan color. Use Coconut Body Cream AFTER tan has 'set' to rehydrate your skin.
Use with Elite Tan Ultimate or Extreme Competition Bronze fake tan for bodybuilding or Everyday Colour products.


This image gallery named as Shaker Kitchen Cabinet Designs Ideas Handy Home Design might be ideal solution for your decoration. As the author has insert this image into Shaker Kitchen Designs post section, would ease you to find the perfect match of you decor desire.
Rustic flooring tile will bring a welcoming and comfortable atmosphere to your shaker kitchen design cabinet designs ideas handy home design. On the other hand, terracota tile includes a wide various shapes like hexagonal, square, and arabesque. Both floor tiles are also perfect for timeless design. This idea of floor tile will bring clean, contemporary, and sleek appearance to your kitchen. Finish contemporary block colour with glossy finishing such as glossy electrical blue or glossy black to acquire glamorous and elegant appearance. Or you could select vertical finishing getting a warm and soft look.


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The police warn: Parent trick as a new scam! | view
blue light Perpetrators pretend to be their own children via messenger app
icon image. Photo: Anke Brod
Leipzig.
Leipzig. In the past few days, fraud offenses via messenger service have become increasingly known in the area of the Leipzig police department. Because of the sophisticated and partly unknown scam (colloquially: "daughter trick"), the victims suffered financial losses.
The first case occurred on Thursday in the Liebertwolkwitz district of Leipzig. Police found out about 10:30 p.m. Accordingly, unknown persons contacted a couple (female 51 and male 57) via a well-known messenger app and pretended to be their son. A money transfer was requested several times in the chat, since "he" himself no longer had enough money. The "parents" complied with the request and transferred a medium, four-digit sum to the stranger. It was only when they called the "real son" that they realized that it was a scam and that they had been contacted by an unknown number. They informed the police. Fraud investigations are now underway.
"Real" daughter files a complaint
In Wiedemar, too, a 67-year-old received a message from her supposed daughter via the same messenger service. She was told that the daughter had a new number. Then she should delete their "old number". Because of a loss of data, she could not make any new transfers. Assuming that she would support her daughter in financial difficulties, the mother then transferred a low four-digit amount to the designated account. When she contacted her "real daughter" shortly afterwards, she noticed the fraud and filed a complaint. In this case, too, investigations into fraud were started.
Leipzig police sensitized
This scam primarily exploits the relationship of trust between parents and child, according to the warning. A simple trick can help. "So if you get a message from an unknown number from a supposed relative, just call him or her back and make sure that it's actually the person," advises the police. Fraudsters usually do not answer the phone or find excuses why a conversation is not possible at the moment. The bad thing: As a result, they would simply continue with the demands and apply pressure. "Then it's time to inform the police, back up the chat history and block the contact," the advice reads.
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It's been a long road for Michail Gkinis. The Greek designer has been resident in Japan for over a decade, after graduating from the London College of Fashion and interning at Issey Miyake. His first brand, aptform, had a cult following with artists and musicians, and even counted Oscar-winner Jared Leto as a devotee. After that came the Michail Gkinis brand, which has since morphed into Michail Gkinis Aoyama— a primarily unisex stole, scarf and cape brand that has been steadily gaining in popularity across the country.
Gkinis' corniche scarves are all handcrafted in Japan and can be seen as a form of wearable art. Ornate and adaptable, some of his work can be unzipped and wrapped in a variety of ways in order to create different silhouettes. A simple stole can be changed into a blouson or lightweight jacket depending on the wearer's preference. The designer is also keen to mix materials such as wool fused with leather to create a very original style.
The signature Gkinis look is based on his Greek heritage where draping and folds are a fundamental part of the sartorial culture. It ties in nicely with his love of Japanese artisanship and origami, which also involves an intricate series of folds and shapes. His latest work is available from his pop-up store at Shinjuku's Isetan until November 14th. The garments on offer are all "free-size" in order to suit all body types, and can also be customized if required. Selected items of the Isetan collection have been made in collaboration with Nuno textile firm, led by legendary designer and fabric innovator Reiko Sudo.
In addition to the pop-up store, the brand has its own space and atelier in Todoroki in Tokyo. Todoroki is renowned for its lush valley and bursts of seasonal hues, which have had a great influence on Gkinis' color palette. Renowned for his dark and brooding use of black for aptform, the Greek designer has since embraced the natural colors of Japan's seasons and the present collection is the most colorful and vibrant to date.


"Today Alpaca Sports releases their new single 'Telephone' on a split 7" with Acid House Kings!
In an attempt to escape the Swedish winter in 2011, Andreas Jonsson and Carl Jirestedt from Gothenburg started writing cute little pop songs to a project called Alpaca Sports. Four infectious pop singles later, accompanied by four cinematic music videos. With a mini album recently released in Japan, and plenty of gigs performed in countries like France, Italy, England and Peru, I think it's safe to say that Alpaca Sports have found their way to indiepop hearts all over the globe by now.
The new single 'Telephone' is released by Luxury and Dufflecoat Records on a split 7" with the classic Swedish pop group Acid House Kings. The single is limited to 300 copies and contains artwork by Ray Kimura from Tokyo. The single was sold out before the release, due to large numbers of pre-orders.
On the b-side, there is a classic Acid House Kings song, I just called to say Jag älskar dig, taken from the album Music sounds better with you.
Next to writing and recording songs for the upcoming debut album plenty of gigs and festivals are booked this spring. In May the band will cross the Atlantic and play at NYC Popfest."
The Telescopes - Black Eyed Dog E.P.
Weekender - Spanish Peaks E.P.
Teen Daze - The House On The Mountain E.P.
The Sweets - Montequilla E.P.


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Vira-Varman (IAST: Vīravarman, reigned c. 1245-1285 CE) was a king of the Chandela dynasty of central India. He ruled the Jejakabhukti region (Bundelkhand in present-day Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh).

Viravarman succeeded Trailokyavarman as the Chandela king. He bore the usual Chandela imperial titles Parama-bhattaraka Maharajadhiraja Parameshvara Kalanjaradhipati. Like his predecessors, Viravarman issued copper coins and gold coins featuring a seated goddess.

According to the 1311 VS Charkhari inscription, Viravarman's general Rauta Abhi defeated Dabhyuhada-Varman of Chandreshvar-anvaya at Sondhi (modern Seondha). Viravarman also invaded Nalapura (modern Narwar), the capital of the Yajvapala ruler Gopala. The Dahi copper-plate inscription of the Chandelas claims that the Chandela general Mallaya defeated the lord of Nalapura. On the other hand, the Bangla and Narwar inscriptions of the Yajvapalas claim that Gopala defeated Viravarman. It is possible that Viravarman achieved some initial successes, but was forced to retreat.

According to the Muslim historians such as Firishta, the Delhi Sultan Nasiruddin Mahmud subjugated the Bundelkhand area around 1251 CE. However, he could not eliminate the Chandelas, as evident by the Chandela inscriptions dated after this period. A 1260 CE inscription of Viravarman's queen Kalyanadevi records the construction of a well and a tank at Nandipura.

According to a Kalanjara inscription, Viravarman commissioned several temples, gardens and water bodies. He also installed images of the deities such as Shiva, Kamala and Kali. An Ajaygarh inscription records the installation of a Jain image during his reign.

Viravarman was succeeded by Bhojavarman.

References

Bibliography

Chandelas of Jejakabhukti
13th-century Indian monarchs

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Mr. Santora is a partner, and since 2004, the Chief Operating Officer of Milling Benson Woodward L.L.P. Richard Santora is engaged primarily in the Corporate and Health Law practice areas.
Mr. Santora is a member of the American Bar Association, the Federal Bar Association, the Louisiana State Bar Association, the Mississippi State Bar Association, the American Health Lawyers Association, the Louisiana Society of Hospital Attorneys, Louisiana Defense Counsel Association, and other groups.
Mr. Santora is admitted to practice before the United States District Courts in the Eastern and Middle Districts of Louisiana, the United States Court of Appeal for the Fifth Circuit, the United States Supreme Court, and the State Courts of Louisiana and Mississippi.
Mr. Santora has represented health care providers, including hospitals, physicians, physician practice groups, home health agencies, and independent diagnostic testing facilities, in the negotiation and preparation of physician recruitment agreements, medical director agreements, nurse staffing agreements, physician employment agreements, practice side Low-Income and Needy Care Collaborative agreements, physician hospital organizations, clinical integration and related agreements. He has represented health care providers and provided advice on compliance with The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, limitations on physician self-referrals under the "Stark laws," and the anti-kickback provisions of the Fraud and Abuse laws.
Mr. Santora has created various types of entities, including corporations, limited liability companies, professional medical corporations, and partnerships. Mr. Santora has also represented developers and owners in land acquisition, financing, negotiation, and preparation of architect's and contractor's contracts for multi-million dollar office buildings, and has represented automobile dealerships and heavy equipment dealers in the acquisition, sale, and merger of dealerships. He has experience negotiating and drafting cooperative endeavor agreements, special services agreements, value added reseller agreements, licensing agreements, master services agreements, and related business contracts.
Mr. Santora was appointed to the adjunct faculty of the University of New Orleans beginning in 2013, and teaches a course titled "Health Care Law and Ethics" within the College of Business Administration, Master of Science in Health Care Management.
Mr. Santora's litigation experience includes representing relators (plaintiffs) in Federal False Claims Action "Qui Tam" litigation, based upon Medicare false billing; and runs to defense of a premises owner from a claim that an employee contracted MAC (Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare) during the renovation of the property, and to representation of plaintiffs in review of an action for breach of fiduciary duty owed by a corporate officer and director. Richard Santora also has represented LIGA (the Louisiana Insurance Guaranty Association) and Gray Insurance Co. in general casualty defense litigation.
Mr. Santora is a Martindale-Hubbell Peer Review rated "AV Preeminent" attorney.


Hilarious: Housecat Meets New Kitten Member of the Family, and Is Not a Fan!
Our pets are parts of our families, and they really do bond with us as studies have demonstrated. But that doesn't mean they can't be just a bit…petty.
Watching the look on his face slowly unwind from curiosity to recognition to surprise and then to disapproval – almost a panicked Am I being replace!? – is the cutest thing you will see today.


Eastside Lutheran College Super Sale! Raising money to assist in our College Sustainability Project. Various items including books, clothing (including BNWT), brick-a-brac, toys and more. Multiple sellers on the day.
Eastside Lutheran College Sustainability Project.


Bravery, courage and gallantry - these qualities enable a person to remain steadfast in the face of danger or adversity. These characteristics typify this year's Highway Patrol recipients of the Governor's Medal of Valor awards. The highest honor bestowed upon a state employee, the Medal of Valor puts these men and women in a class by themselves.
They have gone above and beyond the normal call of duty with no regard for their own personal safety to perform feats of courage, and that is how heroism is defined. They have put their own lives on the line in order to save, or help save, another life. No one could ask more of them, and no award ceremony, however distinguished, could ever be thanks enough.
On August 31, 2013, at approximately 1:30 p.m., California Highway Patrol Officer Angel Arceo responded to a traffic collision on Mariposa Road, in an unincorporated portion of San Joaquin County, California. The traffic collision involved a fuel tanker truck and trailer carrying approximately 8,400 gallons of gasoline. As a result of this traffic collision, the fuel tanker trailer ruptured and the gasoline ignited as it spilled out onto the roadway. The fuel tanker truck and trailer also exploded and a fire quickly spread across the roadway and along the shoulder; igniting grass, structures, and four power poles. The fire to the power poles caused live power lines to fall to the ground, across the driveway and front yard of 22884 Mariposa Road.
Mrs. Shirley Ann Nimocks was in her home, recovering from recent hip surgery, when the traffic collision occurred. When she heard the fiery explosion and realized a fire had spread to her front yard towards her propane tank, she hobbled out onto the driveway in fear for her life. When she reached the end of her driveway, she became trapped by fire. The fire had spread throughout her front yard to both sides of her driveway and she was not able to cross the live power lines that had fallen across the driveway due to physical limitations from her hip surgery. Mrs. Nimocks could barely stand, let alone jump over live power lines which stretched across her driveway approximately two feet off the ground.
When Officer Arceo arrived on scene and observed Mrs. Nimocks standing at the end of her driveway, he quickly ran towards her and she explained to him that she could not jump over the power lines because of her hip surgery. With the fire quickly spreading throughout her yard and towards her propane tank, Officer Arceo feared for her life and jumped over the power lines to rescue her.
Officer Arceo grabbed Mrs. Nimocks and lifted her up and over the power lines. After jumping over the power lines himself, he quickly carried Mrs. Nimocks across Mariposa Road and over a four-foot-tall ranch fence to safety. The fire continued to spread across the front yard of the property, burning the entire front of the property and the east side of her house.
Mrs. Nimocks' life was ultimately saved due to the heroic actions of Officer Arceo. The State of California takes great pride in presenting Officer Angel Arceo this Gold Medal of Valor for his extraordinary act of heroism extending far above and beyond the normal call of duty.
On September 29, 2011, at approximately 7:39 a.m., California Highway Patrol (CHP) Lieutenant John Banister performed an extraordinary act of heroism by jumping over live arcing power lines and singlehandedly extinguishing a brush fire that threatened an unconscious driver.
Ms. Lydia Arredondo was driving a stolen vehicle and had just led CHP officers in a high speed pursuit when she lost control of her vehicle and struck a power pole. The collision with the power pole caused live power lines to fall down onto the car and onto the ground, which ignited a brush fire.
After the collision, two of the occupants riding in the stolen vehicle immediately exited and were taken into custody. Ms. Arredondo sustained a severe head wound and lay unconscious inside the vehicle. Lieutenant Banister and other CHP officers first attempted to extinguish the rapidly growing brush fire by deploying the fire extinguisher liquid up and over the downed power lines. However, they were unable to adequately reach the flames and their extinguishers had very little effect.
The fire rapidly grew and moved in and around the stolen vehicle and threatened Ms. Arredondo's life. Lieutenant Banister, without hesitation, jumped over the live arcing power lines and singlehandedly extinguished the fire, just as it began to burn part of the vehicle.
Once crews from Pacific Gas and Electric arrived on scene and deactivated the power lines, Cal Fire personnel extricated Ms. Arredondo, and she was subsequently transported to the hospital and treated for her injuries.
Lieutenant Banister's swift actions and exceptional courage saved the life of another. The State of California takes great pride in presenting Lieutenant John Banister this Gold Medal of Valor for his extraordinary act of heroism extending far above and beyond the normal call of duty.
On March 19, 2011, at approximately 5:00 p.m., California Highway Patrol Sergeant Michael Brush performed an extraordinary act of heroism by confronting and fatally wounding a man who was attempting to break into his neighbor's home. The man had recently assaulted Sheriff's Deputies and just escaped from the Doctors Behavioral Health Center in Modesto, California. He suffered from multiple mental illnesses and had an extensive history of violent behavior.
When Mr. Ricky Miranda attempted to break into a home at 3709 Densmore Lane, the home was occupied by one adult and two children. Sergeant Brush, who lives at 3704 Densmore Lane, was off-duty and inside his home when he heard his neighbor's audible alarm sounding. When Sergeant Brush was told by his wife that someone was attempting to break into their neighbor's house, he immediately retrieved his firearm, directed his daughter to call 911 Emergency, and proceeded to investigate. When Sergeant Brush opened his front door, he observed that Mr. Miranda had removed the front window screen, shattered the glass, and was attempting to remove the glass from the window. It appeared to him that Mr. Miranda was preparing to enter the home.
him in a threatening manner. Mr. Miranda was holding a large shard of glass in his left hand, pruning shears in his right hand, and was also covered in blood.
Sergeant Brush displayed his departmental identification and badge, withdrew his firearm, and gave Mr. Miranda commands to stop. Mr. Miranda ignored the commands and continued towards him. Sergeant Brush pushed him away and kicked his hand in an attempt to disarm him. However, Mr. Miranda continued to towards him. Fearing for his life, Sergeant Brush raised his firearm at Mr. Miranda and fired two rounds, mortally wounding him.
Sergeant Brush's swift actions saved the lives of his neighbors. By singularly confronting, without hesitation, a violent, armed, mentally ill man, Sergeant Brush demonstrated exceptional courage in the face of danger. The State of California takes great pride in presenting Sergeant Michael Brush this Silver Medal of Valor for his extraordinary act of heroism extending above and beyond the normal call of duty.
 On July 20, 2014, at approximately 9:35 a.m., California Highway Patrol Officer Michael Burton was off duty and traveling with his family when he encountered a traffic collision on 20th Street West, south of Colleen Drive, in the unincorporated City of Rosamond in Kern County,California. The traffic collision involved a Chevrolet S-10 pickup that traveled off the roadway and overturned onto its roof. As a result of the collision, the driver, Mr. Efrain Anaya, was trapped inside the vehicle and the vehicle began to smolder and ignite.
When Officer Burton pulled over to assist, he observed Mr. Anaya trapped inside the cab of the pickup and the engine compartment smoldering and beginning to ignite. Initially, Officer Burton was unable to get to Mr. Anaya because the roof of the pickup was crushed and the doors would not open. Believing the only way to gain access to Mr. Anaya was to relieve pressure from the roof, Officer Burton enlisted the help of Mr. Joseph Gallant and Mr. Damion Bitolas, who had also stopped to assist. Officer Burton, Mr. Gallant, and Mr. Bitolas rolled the truck upright and back onto its wheels. Officer Burton bore the brunt of the physical exertion.
For several minutes, as the fire increased and smoke filled the cab of the pickup, Officer Burton attempted to access Mr. Anaya. The smoke eventually became so thick he could no longer see Mr. Anaya. When Kern County Sheriff's Deputy J. Barnard arrived on scene to assist; he too used a portable fire extinguisher to try to put out the flames in the engine compartment, but was also unsuccessful.
Suddenly, Mr. Anaya reached through the shattered rear window and shouted for help. Officer Burton climbed into the bed of the pickup and grabbed Mr. Anaya's arm. He began pulling on his arm, while the flames continued to grow, eventually freeing Mr. Anaya's other arm, head, and shoulders. He was then able to pull the rest of his body through the window and into the bed of the pickup. With the assistance of Deputy Barnard, Officer Burton carried Mr. Anaya from the bed of the pickup and to safety, just seconds before the pickup became fully engulfed in flames.
The heat and smoke from the flames were intense as the fire continued to consume the pickup truck while Mr. Anaya was trapped inside. Mr. Anaya's life was ultimately saved due to the heroic actions of Officer Burton. The State of California takes great pride in presenting Officer Michael Burton this Silver Medal of Valor for his extraordinary act of heroism extending above and beyond the normal call of duty.
On September 4, 2012, at approximately 8:20 a.m., California Highway Patrol Officer Tyler Carlton performed an extraordinary act of heroism by approaching and fatally wounding the driver of a Jeep Wrangler who had just shot Officer Carlton's partner. Officer Carlton then rushed to his partner's side and courageously attempted to save his life.
Officer Carlton was traveling on Interstate 680, south of Rudgear Road, in heavy traffic. He was traveling behind a Jeep Wrangler and was about to initiate an enforcement stop for an observed infraction of the California Vehicle Code. Officer Kenyon Youngstrom was standing along the right shoulder just ahead of Officer Carlton and was clearing a traffic hazard from the lanes. Officer Carlton radioed Officer Youngstrom that he was approaching and intended to make an enforcement stop.
When Officer Youngstrom observed the Jeep, he directed the driver to pull over to the right shoulder, and the driver complied. As Officer Youngstrom approached the driver's window to make contact, Officer Carlton pulled in behind and exited his patrol vehicle. After a short conversation with Officer Youngstrom, the driver reached behind the right front seat, pulled out a handgun, and fired one shot at Officer Youngstrom. Officer Youngstrom immediately fell to the ground into the traffic lane.
Officer Carlton observed this attack on his partner and fired several rounds at the driver, while he tactically moved toward his partner.
As traffic came to a grinding halt, he vigorously performed CPR and rescue breathing in an attempt to save his partner's life. Officer Carlton continuously offered words of encouragement to help his partner in his fight to live. Officer Youngstrom was eventually transported to John Muir Medical Center and placed on life support.
On September 5, 2012, Officer Youngstrom succumbed to his injuries. However, due to Officer Carlton's heroic lifesaving efforts, Officer Youngstrom remained alive long enough for his family to gather at his side and say good-bye. His life-saving efforts also allowed Officer Youngstrom's ultimate wishes of becoming an organ donor to be met. Officer Youngstrom's tissue and organs were donated to over 100 desperately in need recipients.
The State of California takes great pride in presenting Officer Tyler Carlton this Silver Medal of Valor for his extraordinary act of heroism extending above and beyond the normal call of duty.
 On January 27, 2013, at approximately 8:27 p.m., California Highway Patrol Officer Adam Garcia responded to a call of an overturned Chevrolet 4X4 pickup on northbound State Route 29, north of Hofacker Lane, in an unincorporated portion of Lake County, California.
Mr. Dow Edwin Walton was driving his pickup and was attempting to pass another vehicle by using the southbound lane when he lost control. The pickup slid sideways off the road, overturned end over end, and landed in a creek bed. The pickup came to rest with the front wedged against an embankment. The creek bed was filled with icy cold, ankle deep water. The pickup was also occupied by Mrs. Regina Lee Walton and Mr. Andy Hopper.
Upon Officer Garcia's arrival, the passenger side engine compartment had just started to ignite. Mr. Hopper had climbed out the rear window and was standing next to the pickup but Mr. and Mrs. Walton were still trapped inside. Without hesitation, Officer Garcia climbed down a steep rocky embankment to reach the pickup. However, as Officer Garcia reached the pickup, the right front engine compartment became fully engulfed in flames.
The windshield was broken out, so flames quickly began to enter the right front passenger compartment where Mrs. Walton was seated. Both the driver and passenger doors were jammed shut. The heat was intense and the flames began to burn Mrs. Walton. Officer Garcia first attempted to pull Mr. Walton out through the driver's window but could not because Mr. Walton's right leg was in a cast and was pinned under the dashboard. Officer Garcia grabbed onto Mrs. Walton's left arm, pulled her over the top of Mr. Walton, out through the driver's side window, and dragged her to a safe location. Officer Garcia then returned for Mr. Walton and with persistent pulling, was able to free his leg from underneath the dashboard. He then pulled Mr. Walton out through the driver's window and dragged him to a safe location.
Mr. and Mrs. Walton's lives were ultimately saved due to the heroic actions of Officer Garcia. The State of California takes great pride in presenting Officer Adam Garcia this Gold Medal of Valor for his extraordinary act of heroism extending far above and beyond the normal call of duty.
On October 30, 2011, California Highway Patrol Officer Joseph Heightman performed an extraordinary act of heroism at great risk to his personal safety when he removed an unconscious driver from a burning vehicle.
At approximately 10:46 a.m., Officer Heightman was exiting northbound Interstate 15 at Del Lago Blvd. when he was flagged down by an individual who informed him of a traffic collision in the City of Escondido. Officer Heightman located the vehicle moments later and observed an unconscious male in the driver's seat. The driver appeared to be suffering from a seizure and was having difficulty breathing. Clearing away downed tree branches, Officer Heightman gained access into the vehicle's backseat area and immediately immobilized the driver's head and neck to protect his cervical spine and maintain his airway. After approximately four minutes, flames began to enter the passenger compartment through the center console. Officer Heightman began to remove the driver by reaching down to unlatch the seatbelt, but the seatbelt mechanism was not functioning. He used his pocket knife to cut the seatbelt, but soon realized that the driver's legs were trapped underneath the steering column. Although he could not see through the smoke, Officer Heightman reached in and found the steering wheel adjustment handle.
Due to the smoke inhalation he experienced during the rescue, Officer Heightman began suffering from difficulty in breathing, nausea, and vomiting. He was treated with oxygen at the scene by paramedics until his symptoms subsided.Officer Heightman's actions during this rescue were responsible for saving the life of another.
The State of California takes great pride in presenting to California Highway Patrol Officer Joseph Heightman this Silver Medal of Valor for his extraordinary act of heroism extending above and beyond the normal call of duty or service.
 On April 28, 2013, at approximately 2:15 p.m., California Highway Patrol Officer Wesley Jones responded to a traffic collision on State Route 118, west of Rocky Peak Road, in an unincorporated portion of Ventura County, California. The traffic collision involved Ms. Kathryn Colich, who intentionally drove her vehicle off the freeway in an attempt to end her life. As a result, her vehicle rolled down a steep embankment and she was ejected. Her vehicle caught fire and ignited the surrounding dense brush.
Several people witnessed the traffic collision and immediately pulled over to render aid. Mr. Ryan Burgess was one of the witnesses who pulled over and climbed down the embankment towards Ms. Colich. Once down the embankment, Mr. Burgess could hear her calling out, but could not initially locate her amongst the dense brush. Once he finally located her, he grabbed onto her and began pulling her away from the flames.When Officer Jones arrived on scene, he could hear Mr. Burgess calling out and immediately climbed down the embankment. As he traversed through the brush and around the flames, he eventually located Mr. Burgess and Ms. Colich. However, the brushfire had surrounded them and some of the flames were now over 100 feet high. In addition, Mr. Burgess had become extremely exhausted and was unsure of how he was going to be able to complete the rescue.
Officer Jones observed a small path clear of flames and ran through the opening towards Mr. Burgess and Ms. Colich. Suddenly, Ms. Colich's vehicle exploded and Ms. Colich. Suddenly, Ms. Colich's vehicle exploded and ignited even more of the brush. Officer Jones directed Mr. Burgess to move towards safety and grabbed onto Ms. Colich's arm. He then forcefully pulled her along, rushing back through the small opening in the brushfire.
Officer Jones then carried Ms. Colich out of the brush and to the bottom of the embankment where fire department personnel eventually carried her up the steep embankment to safety. However, Mr. Burgess had become extremely fatigued and disorientated from his strenuous rescue efforts. He could no longer continue on his own to a safe location, so Officer Jones immediately grabbed onto him and led him along until he could physically climb up the embankment to safety.
Ms. Colich's and Mr. Burgess' lives were ultimately saved due to the heroic actions of Officer Jones. The State of California takes great pride in presenting Officer Wesley Jones this Gold Medal of Valor for his extraordinary act of heroism extending far above and beyond the normal call of duty.
On May 14, 2013, at approximately 3:33 p.m., California Highway Patrol Officer Steven Lewis responded to a traffic collision on State Route 140, west of Old Highway North, in an unincorporated portion of Mariposa County, California. The traffic collision involved a vehicle that traveled off the roadway, down a steep embankment; where it overturned and caught fire. As a result of the collision, the driver, Mr. Gregory Allen Porter, was ejected and the fire quickly ignited the surrounding brush.
Officer Lewis arrived on scene shortly after Officer Brian Casey and when he looked down the embankment towards the vehicle, he suddenly observed Mr. Porter lying face down in the grass. Mr. Porter's hair and clothing were on fire, as well as the vehicle's engine compartment, and surrounding brush. Officer Lewis immediately ran back to his patrol vehicle, grabbed the fire extinguisher from his trunk, and began to look for a safe path down the embankment.
Once Officer Lewis found a safe path down the embankment, he worked his way to Mr. Porter, jumping over flames and running through charred grass and rock. When he reached Mr. Porter, he immediately extinguished the flames on his body, and noticed he was still alive, moaning with labored breathing. He then emptied the rest of his fire extinguisher on the flames in the vehicle's engine compartment to no avail.
 Officer Lewis looked around and noticed the brushfire had rapidly gown in size and a portable gasoline container lay nearby. He grabbed a hold of Mr. Porter's ankles and began pulling him away from the vehicle and container. As Officer Casey slid down the embankment to assist, a loud explosion rang out and the surrounding trees become engulfed in flames. Thick smoke filled the air which made it difficult to see or breathe.
Along with the assistance of Mariposa County Sheriff's Office Sergeant Kim Miller and Deputy Justin Sturm, Officers Lewis and Casey carried Mr. Porter towards the base of the embankment; where he was eventually secured to a backboard, carried up the embankment, and transported to the hospital. Despite the brave and heroic actions of Officer Lewis, Mr. Porter later succumbed to his injuries.
The state of California takes great pride in presenting Officer Steven Lewis this Silver Medal of Valor for his extraordinary act of heroism extending above and beyond the normal call of duty.
 On April 7, 2011, California Highway Patrol Officer Jacob Moniz performed an extraordinary act of heroism at great risk to his personal safety when he prevented a suicidal subject from running into a traffic lane, directly into the path of a passing big rig.
At approximately 5:35 p.m., Officer Moniz encountered a male subject walking on the right shoulder of eastbound Interstate 10, west of Holt Avenue. Using the patrol vehicle's public address system, Officer Moniz instructed the subject to stop. The subject initially stopped and then walked into the far right lane (the number six lane of traffic) as Officer Moniz walked to the right shoulder. Officer Moniz gave the subject several clear instructions to come to the right shoulder. The subject seemed to comply by taking a couple of steps towards the right shoulder. Suddenly, the subject turned and began to run into the number five lane of traffic. Without hesitation, Officer Moniz ran after the subject, grabbed the back of his clothing, and prevented him from running into the path of a passing big rig. Upon being detained, the subject indicated he was intentionally trying to run into the path of the big rig to commit suicide.
The State of California takes great pride in presenting to California Highway Patrol Officer Jacob Moniz this Gold Medal of Valor, for an extraordinary act of heroism extending far above and beyond the normal call of duty or service.
On October 25, 2012, at approximately 9:51 p.m., Officer Dane Norem responded to a call of a pedestrian crying, possibly suicidal, and climbing the overpass fence of La Sierra Avenue directly over State Route (SR) 91. Unknown to Officer Norem, the pedestrian, later identified as Javier Hernandez Rios, was under the influence of drugs and had been experiencing paranoid thoughts. Mr. Rios also had in his possession a utility knife.When Officer Norem exited from SR 91, he noticed Mr. Rios sitting on the sidewalk against the overpass bridge railing. When Mr. Rios observed Officer Norem approaching, he began to scale the fence in an attempt to jump from the overpass. Without any hesitation, Officer Norem exited his patrol vehicle and ran towards Mr. Rios, who was now near the top of the overpass fence.
Officer Norem believed if Mr. Rios fell onto SR 91, the fall would cause severe to fatal injuries and a probable collision with passing vehicles. Officer Norem was able to grab Mr. Rios' right leg as he straddled the top of the fence. In an attempt to free himself, Mr. Rios pulled a utility knife from his jacket and stabbed Officer Norem multiple times in the face, arm, and upper shoulder.
 the officers. The off duty officers attempted to stop Mr. Rios by using less-than-lethal force, but the physical struggle continued. Officer Norem was determined to save Mr. Rios' life and prevent harm to passing motorists on SR 91. He held onto Mr. Rios' right leg for over two minutes even though he was stabbed multiple times, which included a severe puncture wound to his right eye. When a second California Highway Patrol officer arrived on-scene to assist, the officer used a Less-Lethal Shotgun and Mr. Rios fell off the top of the fence and back onto the overpass where he was immediately taken into custody.
Officer Norem unselfishly risked his own life to save others. Had it not been for his strong determination to prevent Mr. Rios from jumping, he surely would have jumped to his death and quite possibly killed motorists traveling below on SR 91. The State of California takes great pride in presenting Officer Dane Norem this Gold Medal of Valor for his extraordinary act of heroism extending far above and beyond the normal call of duty.
 On December 14, 2009, California Highway Patrol Officer Joseph Urrea performed an act of bravery and heroism at risk to his personal safety while rescuing a victim from a burning vehicle.
At approximately 11:45 a.m., Officer Urrea heard radio traffic concerning a traffic collision on westbound Interstate 40, approximately 20 miles west of Needles, California. Officer Urrea responded to the scene and arrived within six minutes. Observing a burning vehicle with the driver trapped inside and three individuals attempting a rescue, Officer Urrea quickly joined the rescue effort. The driver's door was jammed, so Officer Urrea moved to the passenger side of the vehicle and attempted to pull the victim out of the burning vehicle through the front passenger door. The engine compartment of the vehicle was now fully engulfed and the flames were moving into the passenger compartment.
Officer Urrea was unable to pull the trapped, semiconscious party out of the front passenger side because the victim could not unbuckle his seat belt. At great risk to his own personal safety, Officer Urrea climbed into the vehicle through the front passenger door and unbuckled the victim's seatbelt. With assistance from the other individuals, Officer Urrea pulled the victim through the driver's door window and to safety. The heat and flames were so intense, the victim's socks were smoldering when he was pulled from the vehicle. The victim was later transported by air ambulance and survived his injuries. Without the heroic actions of Officer Urrea, the victim's survival would have been highly unlikely.
The State of California takes great pride in presenting Officer Joseph Urrea this Gold Medal of Valor for his extraordinary act of heroism extending far above and beyond the normal call of duty.


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Q: Hard disk default icons This is just a curiosity: what's the reason I ended up having two different icons for two external hard drives?
In my case in the Finder I have:

The information panels for these two are:

On what basis did OSX choose these icons differently?

A: Long story short: the white drive represents a "removable disk", and the orange drive represents an "external disk".
Think of a removable disk like a thumbdrive, something small that people would usually throw in their pockets or carry around on a regular basis, or in your case, an external SSD.
An external disk is usually the exact opposite of the removable disk: it's usually something that sits on your table that rarely ever gets moved like a hard drive bay or a RAID rack, or in your case, an archive HDD.
I'm not too sure how the system determines which one to associate with which file, though I am fairly certain the icon is chosen based on the drive's capacity. If you'd like to see where these icons come from (or their names which give clues on what they are associated with), you can find them in /System/Library/Extensions/IOStorageFamily.kext/Contents/Resources, or for your sidebar icons they can be found under /System/Library/CoreServices/CoreTypes.bundle/Contents/Resources along with many other system icons.