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The Masquerade and Zero Mile Present...
Silverstein: 20 Year Anniversary Tour
Heaven at The Masquerade
Buy Tickets FB Event
This show has been rescheduled for December 3rd, 2021 – all previously purchased tickets will be honored at the new date. More details will come as we receive them. Thank you.
Longevity is a rare feat for any band, especially one rooted in a foundation of punk and hardcore. Aggressive music is often fueled by youthful fire and sustaining a career without completely abandoning that urgent sound is almost impossible for most bands. But what's possible for "most bands" has never been a concern for post-hardcore…


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Puerto Peñasco is een stad in de Mexicaanse staat Sonora. Puerto Peñasco heeft 44.647 inwoners (census 2005) en is de hoofdplaats van de gemeente Puerto Peñasco.

Puerto Peñasco is gelegen aan de Golf van Californië. De belangrijkste bronnen van inkomsten zijn de visserij en het toerisme. De plaats is vooral geliefd onder bezoekers uit de Verenigde Staten, dat niet ver weg ligt.

Stad in Mexico
Plaats in Sonora

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Cannot fault him. The best carpet fitter I've has ever had! He always does an excellent job. He has fitted a few carpets for me over the years. Wouldn't have anyone else do the job.
We had several rooms fitted with carpet and some vinyl laid. The carpets were great and we are really pleased, however we have had problems with the vinyl. However they are happily coming back to sort the problem. We would still recommend.


L 8", H 10", W 8".
THIS LOVERLY AND BEAUTIFUL JADE GRAPES VINES TREE IS MADE OF REAL JADE. THE LEAVES AND POT ARE MADE OF GREEN TAIWAN JADE. IT IS AN IDEAL DECORATION FOR YOUR LIVING ROOM, DINNING ROOM, OFFICE AND KITCHEN.


When I look back at my career, with the exception of two projects, I've almost exclusively worked for startups. Today, while examining the Enron email dataset and validating that my tools were working correctly, I came across a gem of an email that just brought everything into perspective, and I thanked my lucky stars.
How is this for a prime example of an insecure, pushy, crazies bit of communication?
I thought Dilbert was a bit of imaginative caricaturing, but it does appear that the spirit of cubicle-nation lives on in firms like Enron.
the way I sense he did, so I'll be coming to you to discuss, OK?
For reference, this email was in maildir/arnold-j/all_documents/3.


Rainbow Accommodations offers you accommodation in apartments and studios situated in residential buildings in downtown Bucharest. All our apartments are very clean, well equipped, modern design, have apropiate standard and they are located in the same area between University Square , Romana Square, Palace Hall (Revolution Square) and Victory Square.
Every touristic point as Historic Town, Parliament Palace, Cismigiu Garden, National Museum Of Art, Romanian Athaeneum and the best clubs,pubs and restaurants as Caru cu Bere, La Mama, Hanul lui Manuc are very close from your place and you do not need any public transportation or taxi because you walk less than 10 minutes.
All Rainbow Accommodations apartments and studios have fully furnished kitchens with refrigerators, laundry machine, coffee machine, plates and utensils, range with oven and microwave and also FREE internet connection 24 h.
Guests staying longer than 9 nights will receive 1 free airport transport service.


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This is a list of television, radio and print media operations in Shreveport, Louisiana.

Television

Notes:
 KPXJ was the first station in the U.S. to convert its broadcast signal to digital-only in September 2005..
 In 2004, KPXJ became a UPN affiliate. It was originally an affiliate of PAX (now known as Ion). Shreveport is now one of a few markets which the Ion network does not have an affiliate station. Ion's national feed can be seen on Cox Communications in Bossier City and on Comcast in Shreveport.
Previously, UPN was broadcast on KSHV, sharing an affiliation with The WB network. UPN programming aired from 9 to 11 p.m. Syndicated programming currently airs at that time on channel 45.
KTBS broadcasts newscasts for KPXJ on Monday through Friday mornings at 7 a.m. and nightly at 9 p.m. Before becoming a UPN affiliate in 2004, KPXJ aired rebroadcasts of KTBS 3 News daily at 5:30 p.m. (rebroadcast of the 5 p.m. newscast) and 11 p.m. (rebroadcast of the 10 p.m. newscast).

Radio
AM stations

FM stations

Newspapers

The major daily newspaper serving the Shreveport-Bossier and Ark-La-Tex area is The Shreveport Times. Its headquarters are located in downtown Shreveport.

Other smaller non-daily newspapers

Caddo Citizen
Daily Legal News
The Shreveport Sun
The Inquisitor

Bossier City is served by the daily Bossier Press-Tribune.

The Bombardier is the weekly newspaper of record for the Barksdale Air Force Base.

Alternative publications

The Best of Times
The Christian Times
City Lights
SB Magazine

Specialty publications

American Classifieds / Thrifty Nickel
LA Health
LA Parenting
Make & Model
Move On In
Real Estate Book

See also
 Louisiana media
 List of newspapers in Louisiana
 List of radio stations in Louisiana
 List of television stations in Louisiana
 Media of locales in Louisiana: Baton Rouge, Lafayette, Monroe, New Orleans, Terrebonne Parish

Shreveport
Mass media in Shreveport, Louisiana


Between 6 and 3 years ago, when we were pitching HPC accelerators to VCs, trying to convince them that it was inevitable that supercomputing was going this route, we (optimistically) predicted that the worlds fastest machine would be Accelerator Processing Unit (APU) based in 2012.
Well, we were wrong. November 2010 is the correct answer.
My expectation is that many HPC systems (probably most) will have some sort of APU technology (GPUs, vector extensions, Larabee like things, Tilera like things). Programming them efficiently is going to be hard. Very hard. Happily I know some groups working on this problem, who have IMO, exactly the right approach.
I'll be back with more writeups, including things on Lustre, Ceph, Bright Computing Manager, GlusterFS, and some bits on the state of the market. One particular article at InsideHPC needs some commentary … I disagree with a number of things in it, and I want to get into that in depth. Not a fisking, but a detailed analysis.
Your scare quotes around "fastest" are appropriate as I'm quite fuzzy as to the performance of any of the top-n machines on non-linpack workloads. My fear is that sustained application performance is a mere fraction of the linpack numbers; especially for anything communication or bandwidth intensive.
Any insights on where we really stand?
The scare quotes are there because the meaning of "fastest" is dubious at best. Fastest at running a program that is not in use as a day-to-day research tool, other than for ranking systems? Well, that tells you about how useful it is for real world scenarios (it isn't).
Many folks argue that the code is a reasonable replacement for real tests (it isn't), and some (quite blindly) use the numbers for comparison.
Speed only matters on your app, and what you have to pay to double/treble/… that speed. If a machine 10x the price is "10x faster" on some benchmark, but 1.5x faster on yours, was it worth the extra cost?
Thats the real question, and thats why there are scare quotes.
As for being able to use only a fraction of the performance, this is true in general. I've observed compilers generation not simply suboptimal code, but outright terrible code on very simple cases (loops). I don't anticipate that most of the languages today are going to break this model/mold correctly going forward … their design is one to enable abstract representation of a language and a machine, hiding the dirty secrets of NUMA, of multi-cores, of memory hierarchies in general, of networks with real bandwidths and latencies. Until this is addressed intelligently, our compilers are going to keep generating crappy code.


1992-08-21 Assigned to BATTELLE MEMORIAL, A CORP. OF OHIO reassignment BATTELLE MEMORIAL, A CORP. OF OHIO ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: WICKRAMANAYAKE, GODAGE B.
A method for treating soil contaminated by organic compounds wherein an ozone containing gas is treated with acid to increase the stability of the ozone in the soil environment and the treated ozone applied to the contaminated soil to decompose the organic compounds. The soil may be treated in situ or may be removed for treatment and refilled.
This is a divisional of copending application Ser. No. 07/561,474 filed on Aug. 1, 1990, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,205,927; which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 07/101,049 filed on Sep. 25, 1987, now abandoned.
This invention relates to a method for treating soil contaminated with organic compounds. The method has utility in treating the soil in situ without having to remove the soil from the site. The treatment results in degradation of the organic compounds to less hazardous compounds or compounds that are more readily biodegradable than the parent compound. The method is of particular utility in degrading organic compounds comprising unsaturated aliphatics, some alkanes and aromatics, and some of their halogenated compounds.
Ozone is an allotropic form of oxygen containing three oxygen atoms per molecule. It is an extremely powerful oxidizing agent with the oxidation-reduction potential being 2.7 volts. Ozone reacts with a large number of organic compounds in aqueous and nonaqueous environments. Since ozone decomposes rapidly, its application in the destruction of organic waste is limited unless it is introduced continuously. The stability of aqueous ozone, however, can be improved by several methods which include lowering the solution pH or increasing the concentration of base in high pH environments. Ozone half-life values in 0.05 M phosphate buffer solutions at pH 4 and 10 are approximately 10,000 and 10 seconds, respectively. Hoigne and Bader; Hoigne, J., and Bader, H., 1983, Rate Constants of Reactions of Ozone with Organic and Inorganic Compounds in Water-I, Water Research, Vol. 17, pp. 173-183; reported that the addition of sodium bicarbonate and dimethyl mercury increased the stability of ozone at high pH. An increase in base (NaOH) concentration from 1 N to 20 N also results in the extension of the half-life of ozone by more than three orders of magnitude. However, such high base concentrations or application of chemicals such as methyl mercury are not practical for on-site treatment of contaminated soil.
In most of the previous work, ozone has been used to destruct or treat organic wastes present in aqueous media (U.S. Pat. Nos.: 2,703,247; 3,920,547; 4,029,578; 4,076,617; 4,098,691; 4,487,699; 4,537,599; 4,619,763; Japanese Patents: 4,500; 43,304). Application of aqueous ozone solutions to treat contaminated soil is difficult because of the relatively slow liquid permeation through soils and rapid decomposition of ozone. For example, if aqueous ozone is applied at a 2-atm/m pressure gradient to a soil having a permeability of 0.1 m/day (e.g., clay-loam soil), the liquid front will move only at a velocity of 0.16 m/hr. Because of these low flow velocities, practical value of aqueous ozone treatment of contaminated soils is very limited.
According to Hazen-Poiseulle's approach, if the pressure gradient is constant and the fluid compressibility is neglected, the velocity of a Newtonian fluid under capillary flow conditions is inversely proportional to the dynamic viscosity of the fluid. Then, under capillary flow conditions and ambient temperatures, air flow velocity is about two orders of magnitude (100 times) faster than that of water. The flow velocities of an ozone-oxygen or an ozoneair mixture are similar to air flow velocity. Because of rapid penetration, ozone gas, can be effectively used in soil decontamination provided the gas phase reactions can be established with organics in soils. To the knowledge of the inventor, there are no studies on the application of ozone gas to treat soils contaminated with hazardous organic wastes. According to a recent report published by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1985, Remedial Action at Waste Disposal Sites (Revised), EPA/625/6-85/006, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC pp. 9-53; "Ozone is used in the treatment of drinking water, municipal wastewater, and industrial waste, but has never been used in the treatment of contaminated soils or groundwater". This indicates that ozone, either in aqueous or gas phases, has not been used for soil decontamination. In the present invention, a pretreated gas-ozone mixture was used to decontaminate soils containing hazardous organic wastes.
It is an object of the present invention to stabilize gaseous ozone in the soil environment. It is a further object of the invention to stabilize the gaseous ozone in an efficient and cost effective manner. A further object of the invention is the efficient and expeditious decontamination of soil. Another object of the invention is to allow the in situ treatment of contaminated soil.
The invention provides a process for the treatment of soil contaminated with organic pollutants. The process includes the steps of providing a supply of a gas-ozone mixture, treating the gas-ozone mixture with acid in a manner to promote the stability of ozone in the mixture, and applying the stabilized gas-ozone mixture to soil contaminated with organic compounds that are susceptible to reaction with ozone. Preferably the acid is a strong inorganic acid having a pH of about one (1) or less.
The soil may be treated in situ or excavated and treated in a chamber. If in situ application is contemplated one or a plurality of wells may be drilled in the contaminated soil and the gas-ozone mixture injected in the wells. A final neutralizing step may be included where a neutralizing chemical reacts with residual ozone remaining in the gas mixture prior to allowing the gas to vent to the atmosphere.
FIG. 1 illustrates in block diagram form the major steps of the invention.
FIG. 2 illustrates several embodiments of the invention useful in decontaminating soil.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the destruction of an organic contaminant (phenol) according to the invention.
The invention presented herein was discovered in the search for a soil treatment technique. First, the low stability and rapid decomposition of ozone in the soil environment was observed. Second, since ozone decomposes rapidly in soils, a method was developed to promote its stability. This method involves the pretreatment of ozone gas. Pretreatment of ozone gas is preferred to soil treatment because the former can be cost effective. Pretreated ozone was found to be capable of decontaminating soils containing hazardous organic wastes.
Referring to FIG. 1 that illustrates in block diagram form the essential steps of the invention. A source of gas, gas supply means 101, is required that contains oxygen. The gas may be from oxygen tanks, air tanks or the atmosphere. Depending on the source of the gas, the gas may need conditioning such as purification and pressurization. Purification removes constituents of the gas that may be harmful to the process or equipment. For example, if air is used moisture may need to be removed so that the ozonator 103 is not adversely affected. The gas may need to be further pressurized to provide sufficient pressure and flow at the eventual point of distribution. Pressurization ahead of the ozonation unit is preferred to avoid ozone decomposition in the process of pressurization. The use of conditioning means 102 is optional. After ozonation the gas now containing ozone is treated in stabilizer 104 to stabilize the ozone by contacting the gas with acid. Finally, the stabilized gasozone mixture is distributed to soil contaminated with organic pollutants by distribution means 105. Soils not saturated with water, i.e. above the saturated zone, are contemplated for treatment by the invention herein.
Referring now to FIG. 2. A source of gas, gas supply means 101, is required. The gas must contain oxygen and can be obtained from a tank 110 or the atmosphere 111. The gas flows to a conditioning means 2 via valved pipes 112, 113, and 114. On-off valving in FIG. 2 is designated as a circle labeled with a V. These may be arranged as needed to control gas flow. The conditioner optionally comprises a gas purifier 120 and/or a pump 121.
The gas conditioning means 102 provides gas purification and/or pressurization to the levels needed by the subsequent equipment and to provide proper flow. Gas purifier 120 removes unwanted materials from the gas (e.g., moisture and suspended matter such as dust) that would interfere with subsequent processes. Pump 121 is useful when additional gas pressure for distribution of treating gas to the soil is needed. After purification the gas flows by pipe 122 to three way valve 123 and thence to either pump 123 by pipe 124 or around the pump by pipe 125.
Thereafter, the gas flows to ozonator 103 by pipe 130. The ozonator converts a portion of the oxygen in the gas to ozone to obtain a gas-ozone mixture. The higher the oxygen concentration of the gas the greater the ozone concentration that is obtained and the faster the soil treatment. The gas used in the experiments herein was over 99.9 percent oxygen, yet resulted in only a small amount of ozone formed as discussed later. A high ozone concentration is preferred; however, economics may dictate that air be the starting material rather than oxygen.
The gas-ozone mixture flows from ozonator 103 by pipe 131 to the ozone stabilizer means 104. The stabilizer means 104 may comprise a container with a spray system or a like device that can contact acid with the gas-ozone mixture in a manner to stabilize the mixture. Alternatively, bubbling the gas-ozone mixture through acid is another way to contact the acid. FIG. 2 shows the actual embodiment used in the tests for the stabilizer 104. The embodiment comprises an isolation container 140 coupled to an acid container 142 by pipe 141. The acid container 142 is then coupled to another isolation container 144 by pipe 143. The function of the isolation containers 140, 144 is to prevent acid from spilling into pipe 131 or pipe 149. Acid 146 in container 142 may be any acid capable of stabilizing the ozone to an acceptable level. Presently the preferred acid useful in this invention is nitric acid because of its relatively high vapor pressure. Other strong acids such as sulfuric and hydrochloric may be used as long as they do not produce harmful by-products after reacting with organics in soils. Whether diluted (with water) or undiluted the acids must be present at a concentration that provides sufficient protons for ozone stabilization. The concentration is generally sufficient at a pH of about one (1) or less. Strong inorganic acids are preferred.
The term stabilized gas-ozone mixture includes an oxygenozone mixture, air-ozone mixture, and ozone mixed with other gases that are expeditious in the method of the present invention and have been treated by contact with an acid so as to increase the stability of the ozone in the gas when contacted with soil.
After stabilization in stabilizer 104 the stabilized gasozone mixture flows by pipe 149 to distribution means 105. The distribution means includes piping 151 that delivers the gas-ozone mixture to the soil in situ where it is further distributed by wells (not shown). Alternatively the gas-ozone mixture flows by pipe 152 into pipes 153, 153A and then to one or both chambers 156, 156A, respectively that contain contaminated soil 154. Three way valve 150 may be used to discharge the off gas to the proper pipe 151, 152 from pipe 149.
After passing through the soil in situ the stabilized gas-ozone mixture is depleted completely or partially in ozone content. The gas may remain totally or partially in the soil with no adverse effects as any excess ozone will completely decompose in a few days or less. Any ozone remaining in the gas-ozone mixture that reaches the surface of the soil and discharges to the atmosphere may be discharged as such or treated by ozone neutralizer means (not shown). One method of neutralization includes the spreading of an ozone neutralizer over the soil. This is further discussed below.
After passing through contaminated soil 154 in chambers 156, 156A the gas-ozone mixture may also be partially or completely depleted of ozone. Pipes 157, 157A carry gas from the chambers to outlet pipe 163 from which the gas may be vented directly to atmosphere through valved pipe 159. If needed the gas can be piped to neutralizer means 164 by pipe 163. Neutralizer means 164 neutralizes residual ozone in the gas prior to discharge to atmosphere at pipe 165. The neutralizer means 164 may comprise an ozone quenching material such as Na2 S2 O3 in a tank through which a gas-ozone mixture is passed or as a blanket when soil is treated in situ as further discussed below. Analyzer 162 may be used to analyze the gas for ozone content through pipe 161. The design of analyzer 162 is not critical and may be any known apparatus for determining ozone levels as for example the use of KI solutions.
Ozone was generated by passing pure oxygen (10 psi-gauge and 5 ft3 /hr) through an ozonator (Purification Science, Inc., Model LOA2). These conditions were maintained through all the experiments conducted in the present study. Concentration of ozone in the gas stream (ozone/oxygen mixture) was measured by trapping the ozone in potassium iodide (KI) solutions and titrating the liberated iodine with sodium thiosulfate (Na2 S2 O3); American Public Health Association, 1985, Standard Methods for the Analysis of Water and Wastewater, APHA-AWWA-WPCF, Washington, DC. The average ozone concentration in the gas stream is 11.1 mg(O3)/g(O2) with a relative standard deviation of ±5 percent.
During these experiments, the ozone/oxygen mixture was passed through a soil column continuously for one hour. The column was about 6 cm deep and 4 cm in diameter for Examples 1, 2, 3, and 4. Gas leaving the column was analyzed for ozone content every ten minutes. The results presented in Table I indicate that the ozone concentration in the ozone/oxygen mixture leaving the soil column (i.e. soil column off-gas) increased during the first 20 minutes and gradually decreased during the subsequent 40 minutes.
TABLE I.______________________________________Effects of Continuous Ozonation for One Hour on Off-gasOzone Concentration.Ozonation Time         Off-gas Ozone Level.sup.aMinute        mg(O.sub.3)/g(O.sub.2)______________________________________10            2.720            3.330            2.940            2.450            1.160            0.77______________________________________ a. Each value is an average of two analyses.
Results of Example 1 show that the ozonation period may be inadequate to establish the steady state conditions. Consequently, another test was conducted to see how long it will take to reach the steady state and the corresponding steady state ozone concentration in off-gas stream. The results of these experiments are presented in Table II. The steady state ozone level approached to undetectable levels after three hours of continuous ozonation.
TABLE II.______________________________________Steady State Time-Concentration Data for ContinuousOzonation.Ozonation Time         Off-gas Ozone Level.sup.aMinute        mg(O.sub.3)/g(O.sub.2)______________________________________15            5.330            4.645            2.160            1.275            1.090            0.56105           0.5120           0.34180           ND.sup.b a. Results reported are average of two values. b. Not detected.
Another set of experiments were conducted to investigate whether intermittent ozonation (e.g. ozonation for a few minutes, leaving the column without ozonation for some time and so forth) could improve the off-gas ozone levels. Results presented in Table III show that such intermittent treatment would not maintain high ozone levels in the soil column off-gas.
TABLE III.______________________________________Effects of Intermittent Ozonation on Off-gas Ozone Level.Treatment Treatment Elapsed   Off-gas Ozone Level.sup.aType      Time, Min.               Time, Min.                         mg(O.sub.3)/g(O.sub.2)______________________________________Ozonation 40         40       0.07Oxygenation      5         45       NA.sup.bNo treatment     60        105       NAOzonation  5        110       0.2Ozonation 10        120       0.14Oxygenation      5        125       NANo treatment     60        185       NAOzonation  5        190       0.36Ozonation 25        215       0.11______________________________________ a. Each reported value is average of 2 analyses. b. Not analyzed (NA).
Results from Examples 1, 2 and 3 indicate that soil ozonation by-products either exert increasing ozone demand or act as ozone-decomposing catalysts. Since the extended or intermittent ozonation did not result in higher ozone levels in soil column off-gas, it appears that ozone scavengers are formed during the soil ozonation process. Thus, long-term treatment of soils to remove contaminants with untreated ozone is not feasible since the ozone decomposes too rapidly. The off-gas ozone levels further indicate that ozone penetration of soils is not adequate to assure decomposition of contaminants more than a short distance from the point of application.
If ozone scavengers are formed during the treatment process, their effects may be reduced by pretreatment of soils or pretreatment of the ozone gas stream. In this example, ozone gas was pretreated by passing it through a 5 percent HNO3 solution (pH=about 0.1). The same soil sample used in Example 3 was treated for 45 minutes using acidified ozone. This soil sample was selected assuming that it would give the greatest amount of decomposition since it had been treated with ozone previously. The results are presented in Table IV. Acidification of the gas stream increased the stability of ozone so that ozone levels soil column off-gas increased with time.
TABLE IV.______________________________________Effect of Gas Stream Acidification on Off-gas Ozone Levelsin Small Soil Columns.Treatment   Soil ColumnPeriod      Off-gas Ozone Levels.sup.a(min)       mg(O.sub.3)/g(O.sub.2)______________________________________ 0          0.1115          0.5645          6.5______________________________________ a. Average of 2 samples.
An increase in the stability of ozone (O3) in a soil environment can be explained by two hypotheses: (i) the introduction of protons to soils can reduce the formation of radical scavengers, and/or (ii) the formation of protonated ozone (O3 H+) which is a more stable species than O3. These mechanisms are explained below.
Reaction of ozone with metal species in soils results in the formation of metal oxides. Some metal oxides can readily form their bases in the presence of moisture. The hydroxide ions (OH-) generated during this process greatly accelerate the decomposition of ozone. Highly reactive secondary oxidants, such as OH.sup.· radicals, are thereby formed. These radicals and their reaction products further increase the decomposition of ozone; Hoigne, J., and Bader, H., 1976, The Role of Hydroxyl Radical Reactions in Ozonation Processes in Aqueous Solutions, Water Research, Vol. 10, pp. 377-386. In the present invention, addition of protons to the ozone stream preferentially reduced the formation and/or concentration of OH- in the soil environment. Consequently, formation of OH.sup.· will also be reduced. The net effect of all these reaction paths is to minimize the rate of ozone decomposition in soils.
Although not wishing to be bound by any theory, it is presently believed that the mechanism of action is that, by acidifying ozone, an intermediate species of the formula O3 H+, which is known as protonated ozone, is formed. Perhaps, protonation promotes the stability of cyclic ozone. The role of protonated ozone in acid-catalyzed oxygenation of alkanes with ozone in aqueous media has been explained in an article by Yoneda and Olah; Yoneda, N., and Olah, G.A., 1977, Oxyfunctionalization of Hydrocarbons, 71a Oxygenation of 2,2 - Dimethylpropane and 2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane with Ozone or Hydrogen Peroxide in Superacid Media, Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 99(9) pp. 3113-3119; as an electrophilic insertion of O3 H+ to form a hydrocarbon-O3 H+ complex. In another article by Kausch and Schleyer; Kausch, M., and P. R. Schleyer, 1980, Isomeric Structures of Protonated Ozone: A Theoretical Study, Journal of Computational Chemistry, Vol. 1(1) pp. 94-98; molecular orbital calculations were used to determine the structure of protonated ozone and four stable minima were found on the O3 H+ singlet potential energy surface. All four forms of protonated ozone are stable with respect to dissociation into O3 and H+. Whatever the mechanism, the advantages of the present invention are obtained by the method herein where a gas-ozone mixture is passed through an acid prior to application to soil.
In the experiments conducted so far (Examples 1, 2, 3, and 4) the amount of soil used was only 300 g. Protonation of the ozone gas stream appeared to leave high levels of residual ozone (60 percent of incoming ozone) after passing through 300 g of soil for 45 minutes. In order to test the effectiveness of protonation to treat large quantities of soil, further experiments were conducted using larger soil samples (up to 900 g).
The experimental setup was modified to include two larger soil columns (6 cm in diameter and 40 cm in height) and a gas washing bottle containing 5 percent HNO3 in the ozone influent line to the columns. The test unit is shown in FIG. 1. A continuous flow ozonation experiment was conducted using 900 g of soil for 3 hour periods. The soil column off-gas was analyzed at 1, 2, and 3 hour time intervals.
When the ozone gas stream was first bubbled through an acid solution, higher ozone concentrations in the soil column off-gas were observed during the three hour ozonation period (see Table V). The data also indicate that ozone concentrations were increasing gradually over the three hour period. In order to achieve 6.6 mg (O3)/g(O2) in off-gas stream, it took about three hours for 900 g of soils whereas the off-gas ozone level approached the same value in 45 minutes when the soil sample was only 300 g (c.f. Tables IV and V).
The preliminary investigations indicated ozone in a gas-ozone mixture, that was not subjected to acidification, was very unstable in soil environment. Ozone decomposed rapidly and the residual leaving a column with 300 g of soil decreased gradually (see Examples 1 through 3). Therefore, ozone that was not acidified was not expected to be useful especially for the treatment of larger quantities of soils. Thus, the soil decontamination studies were conducted using acidified ozone which was more stable than untreated ozone.
A final set of tests involved ozone treatment of soils contaminated with phenol and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. Approximately 330 mg of phenol was dissolved in 300 ml of acetone and thoroughly mixed with 1.5 kg of silt-loam soils to yield an approximate concentration of 200 ppm of phenol in soil. The soil sample was air dried to remove acetone by volatilization. Each glass column was packed with 740 g of phenol contaminated soil. The compacted soil column was 21 cm high. One column was used in the ozonation experiment and the other was used as a control where pure oxygen was used in place of the oxygen-ozone mixture. The soils were treated with the respective gases and soil samples were removed after 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes from the initiation of the experiments. Each sample was removed from upper 3 to 4 cm of the soil column and weighed approximately 10 g. Soil was sampled from the uppermost layers since the decontamination is expected to be lowest in this zone. All the soil samples, including one without phenol, were mixed with 30 ml of 90 percent methanol for phenol extraction. Phenol extracts were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This method is known to have a good linearity in the range from 100 ppb to 100 ppm.
A stabilized oxygen-ozone mixture appears to be very effective in removing phenol from soils. FIG. 3 generated from the chromatograms shows that the passage of oxygen without ozone through the soil column (control experiments) did not result in a significant reduction of phenol levels. In contrast, soils treated with the stabilized gas-ozone mixture had very low levels of phenol left after one hour of treatment. Removal of phenol by ozone at the uppermost soil layer where the decontamination is expected to be the lowest was about 97 percent in one hour.
Stabilized ozone also was found to be effective for decontamination of soils containing halogenated organic compounds such as 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB). In this set of experiments, a 30-cm soil column was used. The TCB concentration in ozonated column was reduced by 67 percent during 1.5 hour treatment. The fraction of TCB removal is low as compared to phenol. Comparatively low TCB destruction can be attributed to its low reaction rate constant. The other reason could be that the TCB soil column is larger than the phenol soil column.
The variation of soil column decontamination at different depths was also examined. After treatment with protonated ozone for 1.5 hours, the TCB levels were decreased by 84, 92 and 93 percent, respectively, at depths of 5, 12 and 19 cm. These results show that the decontamination efficiency gradually decreased with the increase in the distance from the source of ozonation.
Ozone, in the aqueous phase, reacts with a large number of organic compounds. Some of these compounds include aromatics in general (e.g. benzene and halogenated benzenes, toluene, xylene, anisole, phenol, chlorophenols, and naphthalene), some unsaturated aliphatics (e.g., ethylene, halogenated ethylenes, fumeric acid, and styrene), some substituted alkanes (e.g., ethanol, butanol, cyclopentanol, and acetaldehyde), and other compounds such as chloroform, bromoform, methylene chloride, and dioxane; Hoigne, J. and Bader, H., 1983, Rate Constants of Reactions of Ozone with Organic and Inorganic Compounds--I and II, Water Research, Vol, 17, pp. 173-183 and 185-194. Ozone prepared with the method of the present invention will similarly react with the cited compounds.
The following discussion applies to field applications of the protonated ozone. Protonated ozone is to be applied to soils contaminated by accidents or intentional release of hazardous organic compounds. Some examples of unintentional releases or accidents include spills and leaks from underground storage tanks, pipelines, tank car derailments, etc. Intentional releases include field application of pesticides or herbicides and land disposal of hazardous organic wastes. For most applications in situ treatment is preferred over treatments requiring excavation. The advantage of in situ treatment, when compared with other on or off site treatment, is that soil does not have to be excavated, transported, or refilled. The in situ ozone treatment involves injecting of a stabilized gas-ozone mixture at pressures above atmospheric pressure into one or more injection wells in contaminated areas. The distribution of the well bank is to be determined by the effective ozonation zone in the subsurface. The effective ozonation zone depends on the ozone concentration in the gas stream, pressure, flow rate, reactivity of the chemical with ozone, and soil properties such as permeability, porosity, and organic matter content. Once knowing the teachings of the invention this can readily be determined by those skilled in the art. If desired, ozone that could be released to the atmosphere during this process can be trapped by using an ozone neutralizing material such as sodium thiosulfate (Na2 S2 O3) or the like. One of the possible neutralizing means is the use of a spread blanket wetted with Na2 S2 O3 solution over the ozonation zone. If the release of volatile organic matter is possible as a result of stripping action, those compounds will be retained by a layer of activated carbon lying on top of the Na2 S2 O3 wetted blanket. After the decontamination process, if the soil is found to be too acidic, the pH may be increased to a required level by applying unacidified gas-ozone mixture for some time.
While the forms of the invention herein disclosed constitute presently preferred embodiments, many others are possible. It is not intended herein to mention all of the possible equivalent forms or ramifications of the invention. It is to be understood that the terms used herein are merely descriptive rather than limiting, and that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
c. applying the stabilized gas-ozone mixture to the soil as a gas, whereby the soil is decontaminated.
2. The method of claim 1 whereby step c further comprises treating the contaminated soil in situ.
3. The method of claim 2 whereby step c further comprises drilling one or more wells into the contaminated soil and injecting the gas-ozone mixture into the wells.
(iii) generating ozone in the gas to produce a gas-ozone mixture.
conditioning the gas to remove impurities before pressurizing the gas.
6. The method of claim 1 whereby the gas-ozone mixture is contacted with the acid by bubbling the mixture through the acid.
7. The method of claim 1 whereby the gas-ozone mixture is contacted with the acid by passing the mixture through a spray of acid.
8. The method of claim 1 whereby the acid is selected from the group consisting of nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and hydrochloric acid.
9. The method of claim 1 whereby the acid has a pH of about 0.1 or less.
d. neutralizing excess ozone remaining in the gasozone mixture after application to the soil.
11. The method of claim 10 whereby the residual ozone in the gas-ozone mixture is neutralized by contacting the mixture with sodium thiosulfate prior to discharge to the atmosphere.
13. The method of claim 12 whereby step c further comprises treating the contaminated soil in situ.
14. The method of claim 13 whereby step c further comprises drilling one or more wells into the contaminated soil and injecting the gas-ozone mixture into the wells.
18. The method of claim 17 whereby the residual ozone in the gas-ozone mixture is neutralized by contacting the mixture with sodium thiosulfate prior to discharge to the atmosphere.
19. The method of claim 12 whereby the acid is selected from the group consisting of nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and hydrochloric acid.
20. The method of claim 12 whereby the acid has a pH of about 0.1 or less.
NL1003787C2 (en) * 1996-08-12 1998-02-20 Blue Fish Chemicals & Consulta A method for cleaning in situ of contaminated soil.


Forget (almost) everything you've been told about how to pick the right pair of running shoes.
Typically when you go into a running store to buy a pair of shoes, they first ask you to hop on the treadmill and perform a quick gait analysis to see what your feet are doing while you run. Do they roll inward just slightly (neutral)? Do they roll inward more than normal (over-pronation)? Or do they roll outward (supination)? And what do your arches look like—are they flat, high, rigid and/or flexible? The salesperson watching you then uses that information to "prescribe" a running shoe that could help "correct" your pronation issues.
"Pronation is a natural movement that helps distribute the force of impact when you strike, and if you pronate normally [or have a neutral gait] your loading system acts like a rubber band—it has an elastic effect and improves efficiency," says Nike Performance Council Member Lance Walker, MS, PT, global performance director at Michael Johnson Performance (MJP).
So the theory behind the in-store gait analysis originally was that if you were either an over-pronator (many runners fall into this category) or a supinator, then specific shoes could theoretically help guide your feet back into a more neutral pattern, better aligning your feet with the rest of your body as you run and thereby reducing your risk of injury in the process. The problem with this practice is that shoes do not automatically change your pronation patterns (additional foot strengthening and mobility exercises are often needed as well), so using that info alone to determine the style you select isn't always accurate. Plus, every runner's stride is his/her own.
"The best predictor of staying healthy as a runner is choosing a shoe that's comfortable, not a shoe that's prescribed specifically for you and uncomfortable," says Walker. "The science is supporting that now. If you forget the subjective (what feels good), it could create more problems." In other words, you should opt for preference over prescription. Every time.
"Ultimately, if you had an expert analyze your whole body's biomechanics, going up the entire kinetic chain, while you ran at various speeds in various shoes, and he/she could tell you what (comfortable) pairs made you run the most efficiently overall, that would be amazing," adds Walker. But just looking at your arch and/or pronation patterns doesn't paint the whole picture.
We now know that figuring out one piece of a giant puzzle and then prescribing a solution for it is not an exact science. When opting for extra cushioning over stability or flexibility in a shoe, there are a lot of variables to consider—whether your feet are flexible or rigid, whether you're running 10 miles a week or 60 miles a week, whether you're prone to injury or not, etc.—and that information varies from person to person. So you might as well try what seems like a good fit and feels best for you first (based off your own personal preference), see how it goes and then take it from there.
Pronation (when your foot rolls inward slightly upon landing) is a natural movement that helps distribute the force of impact when you strike. If you pronate normally, you have a neutral gait.
Over-pronation is when your foot rolls inward more than normal; supination is when your foot rolls slightly outward when you strike.
For best results, use the information you have about yourself as a runner to select shoes based on preference, or what feels the most comfortable while you run, instead of just going off of a prescription.


My name is Samanda Davis and I am the Social Worker for Thomas Jefferson High School. I have worked at Thomas Jefferson High School for 18 years and feel that it is my home away from home. I grew up in Arizona and the heat is where my heart is. You will never hear me complain about how warm it is outside. Stay away from me during the winter! I attended Northern Arizona University for my undergraduate and Arizona State university for my Masters in Social Worker. My experience prior to entering the school systems has been working with the elderly. I received my Licensed Clinical Social Work in 2003 and realized that adolescents and school social work is my passion.
I have been married for 13 years, have three children and three dogs. Life is busy and crazy but would not have it any other way. My hobbies are reading, I have been in a book club for 18 years which originally started with my TJ cohorts. I love to travel and have been to more than 50 countries. I spent a year abroad in England and anther year backpacking through South East Asia and Australia where I lived off a strict budget of $10 a day including accommodations and transportation. I love Colorado and proud to be raising my children here.


Creatures you control have double strike.
Vengeance is a dish best served twice.
5/1/2008 If a creature loses double strike after assigning damage in the "first strike" combat damage step (due to Rage Reflection leaving the battlefield, for example), that creature won't assign damage in the "normal" combat damage step.


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Category Archives: 100 Not Out Podcast
By Marcus Pearce | 100 Not Out Podcast, Featured | No Comments
http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/thewellnesscouch.com/wp-content/uploads/podcasts/100no/100no-328-victor-hugos-clue-to-massively-exceeding-life-expectancy.mp3Podcast: Play in new window | Download | EmbedSubscribe: Android | RSSWhen Victor Hugo was born, life expectancy at the time hovered between 30 and 40 years of age. How then, did people like Hugo go on to live to age 83? The author of Les Miserables and The Hunchback…
http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/thewellnesscouch.com/wp-content/uploads/podcasts/100no/100no-327-conservative-courage-resisting-the-urge-to-be-reckless.mp3Podcast: Play in new window | Download | EmbedSubscribe: Android | RSSWe have both had family members make some brave, bold decisions recently, and they are in the third act of life (aka they are not our children, but instead our parents). Both examples of this conservative courage are on…
http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/thewellnesscouch.com/wp-content/uploads/podcasts/100no/100no-326-a-gps-perspective-nutrition-is-not-the-answer-to-successful-ageing.mp3Podcast: Play in new window | Download | EmbedSubscribe: Android | RSSWe've discussed many times before on this podcast just how important nutrition is for successful ageing, and also how it's not the everything. To dive deeper into this topic we bring on respected medical doctor Dr Alice, who featured…
http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/thewellnesscouch.com/wp-content/uploads/podcasts/100no/100no-325-mcdonalds-wont-kill-you-extremism-will.mp3Podcast: Play in new window | Download | EmbedSubscribe: Android | RSSDamian is due to give a presentation out the front of a McDonald's Restaurant. We discuss how he feels about this and talk more broadly how extremism exists in the wellness community. Talk of "unfriendly" extremism and the pros…
http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/thewellnesscouch.com/wp-content/uploads/podcasts/100no/100no-324-kale-brock-on-okinawan-longevity-and-the-longevity-film.mp3Podcast: Play in new window | Download | EmbedSubscribe: Android | RSSGood friend of the podcast Kale Brock joins us shortly after returning from Okinawa and shortly before venturing to Ikaria and the USA. His travels are the basis of his upcoming documentary The Longevity Film. What has Kale learnt in…
http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/thewellnesscouch.com/wp-content/uploads/podcasts/100no/100no-323-do-we-need-science-to-explain-longevity.mp3Podcast: Play in new window | Download | EmbedSubscribe: Android | RSSThere seems to be no end in sight of humanity's commitment to finding a "cure" for ageing. Anti-ageing continues to dominate the psyche of many, and there continues to be a determination from within science to "defeat" ageing and…
http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/thewellnesscouch.com/wp-content/uploads/podcasts/100no/100no-322-damo-has-had-flu-like-symptoms-heres-what-he-did-to-heal.mp3Podcast: Play in new window | Download | EmbedSubscribe: Android | RSSDamo has had flu like symptoms for the past fortnight and has gone to all lengths in order to heal. In this episode you'll learn – ** Why it can be a really good thing for the body to…
http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/thewellnesscouch.com/wp-content/uploads/podcasts/100no/100no-321-seasonal-affective-disorder-change-of-seasons.mp3Podcast: Play in new window | Download | EmbedSubscribe: Android | RSSHow do you go with a change of season? With a change just around the corner, we discuss what you can do at each season in order to transition well – particularly mentally, emotionally and physically. We discuss Seasonal…
http://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/thewellnesscouch.com/wp-content/uploads/podcasts/100no/100no-320-nature-v-nurture-genes-v-environment.mp3Podcast: Play in new window | Download | EmbedSubscribe: Android | RSSMany people feel like they can change anything – from hair colour to body shape, even to baby gender. In this world of bespoke anything, what is the role of the environment? And how much weight can we give…
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6 years ago… We found out we were Pregnant!
ABOUT 6 YEARS AGO.. Holy crap.... our Frozen IVF Transfer worked!!! I will never forget where i was when they called me with our HCG numbers... I was like in SHOCK and was like OMG those are HIGH!!! Like super high like are we having triplets???? I immediately called Lance and said we are pregnant.… Continue reading 6 years ago… We found out we were Pregnant!
Hey all! I know the holidays are literally right about the corner!! EEEEEk!!! And some of you travel and some don't. We are lucky to have family close by and have everyone at our house for Thanksgiving 🙂 YES Everyone! lots of cocktails involved!!! But if you do travel I wanted to share one of… Continue reading Packing Cubes???


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Buy through MusicWeb for £11.50 postage paid World-wide.
Robert STILL (1910-1971)
Symphony No. 3 (1960) [28:21]
Humphrey SEARLE (1915-1982)
Symphony No. 2 op. 33 (1957) [20.18]
London Symphony Orchestra/Eugene Goossens (3); Royal Philharmonic Orchestra/Myer Fredman (4); London Philharmonic Orchestra/Josef Krips
rec. Walthamstow Assembly Hall, 19 May 1962 (3); 6 January 1974 (4); 18 September 1972 (2). ADD
LYRITA SRCD.285 [69:22]
Rejigging has enabled Lyrita to issue these three symphonies on one disc. It ensures that the works of these two British composers, born five years apart, has fine representation on the revivified Lyrita rostrum. It might also serve to pique interest in works that are still for the most part completely overlooked in the symphonic pantheon.
Still's Third Symphony was written in 1960, in three movements. From its brassy fanfares and strongly ebullient rhythmic profile one begins to question its invisibility and indeed inaudibility in the musical landscape. The high spirited writing, the clever patterns Still unfolds are all indicative of a significant craftsman at work and one whom, as the Largo shows, can unveil a refulgent elegy without recourse to exaggeration or mordant self-pity. Burnished and wistful - do I detect hints of Elgar's A minor? - the movement may not plumb the most cavernous of depths but in its way it cuts deep. When the brass and percussion open the Moderato finale they do so in a much expanded and tougher mirror of the first movement. This symmetry thus set up Still works his mini magic with it. Tension is maintained, the writing is resourceful and not opaque - and those little moments of colourful reprieve add immeasurably to the schematic and emotive success of a fine work, unjustly overlooked.
The Fourth Symphony followed in 1964 but is cast in a single movement. There's an arresting, angular persistence to the opening that remains pretty well unremitting for much of the time. The strings bring their own layer of tension, and the flaring march themes are powerful, unavoidable and impressive. There's real vehemence here, real grip too. When, eventually, an Elgarian theme does emerge it is assailed and defeated. It's a less easy work than the Third to assimilate, but that's because the earlier work is, relatively speaking, the more conventional.
The two Still symphonies are coupled with the Second Symphony of Humphrey Searle, which was written in 1958. It shares with Still's Third a three movement schema and with the Fourth an implacable control, though it's couched in a more contemporary idiom. Searle exercises vivid control over his material and in the Lento he develops a musical profile that is at once stoic and yet organic. The taut outbursts and drama of the lucid finale are embedded in a schema that draws on earlier thematic material and the work ends, characteristically, with a Lento, solenne passage of power and authority.
The Searle was in the (unlikely?) hands of Josef Krips and the LPO. Lyrita hero Myer Fredman directed the Still Fourth with the RPO. And a third London orchestra, the LSO, was conducted by Eugene Goossens in the Third.
The engineering is really first class and the disc makes a strong kind of sense for all sorts of reasons, not merely exigency.
see also review by Rob Barnett


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Muncy Luminary
Crime, Fire and Accidents
Tri-Town
Tri-Town Locals
Community Info.
Engagement/Wedding Announcements
Peeks
Seniors Corner
Muncy organic farm featured in Penn College TV series
By Staff | Jan 25, 2011
Tewksbury Grace Farms located just outside of Muncy was featured in Penn College's latest episode series "degrees that work" on career awareness, titled "Going Green." The film was shown on WVIA-TV on Jan. 20.
"We have a serious problem with a dearth of young farmers," said Leah Tewksbury, owner of Tewksbury Grace Farms. Tewksbury and her husband, John, have been farming sustainably full time for 10 years. "When we are done in 10 to 15 years, who is going to be growing fine, quality food?"
From greenhouse seedling to restaurant plate, the effort of a committed sustainable farmer to produce lettuce is documented, and the viability of careers in sustainable agriculture is explored.
Green careers hold promise for the future in Pennsylvania — which is among the states with the highest number of green jobs — and across the nation.
The episode examined two of the five green-industry sectors identified by Pennsylvania in its Green Jobs Report: agriculture and resource conservation, plus pollution prevention and environmental cleanup.
The episode also featured a trip to the recycling center in Pennsylvania's largest county, revealing opportunities and challenges in the pollution prevention and environmental cleanup sector. An estimated 50 tons of recyclables enter the Lycoming County recycling center each day, but another 40 percent of the materials that enter the county landfill could be diverted to recycling centers, according to Jason Yorks, resource recovery manager and the Lycoming County recycling coordinator who also appears in the episode.
The show also included a look at how colleges are incorporating green concepts to better prepare students for an exciting future.
Among those interviewed, in addition to Tewksbury and Yorks, are Kim Seeley, president of the Pennsylvania Association for Sustainable Agriculture; Mary A. Sullivan, dean of natural resources management at Penn College in Allenwood, and Chef Michael J. Ditchfield, instructor of hospitality management/culinary arts at the college.
National Puzzle day is coming
A Carnegie funded organ may be in your community
Montgomery EMA monitored flood on Christmas day
Copyright © Muncy Luminary | https://www.muncyluminary.com | 1025 Route 405 Highway, Hughesville, PA 17737 | 570-584-2134 | Ogden Newspapers | The Nutting Company


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Steven eased himself into the chair. The comforting sound of birds put him at ease and exhaustion caught up with him after such a long day. The warm fire glowed its appreciation for his hard work. The logs burned splendidly, fighting the cold air and finally a good night's rest neared. Before drifting into a deep slumber Steven reached for the remote and turned the TV on. He preferred to listen to something while he slept; strangely the sounds didn't seem to have such an affect tonight.
The news was as boring as ever. Talk of a storm on the coast, talk of a death in a public place, talk of possible war. It was the same stories every day. He switched the channel to sports and placed the remote down. He knew he was about to fall asleep, so he might as well have dreams about football while he was out. His eyelids drooped and darkness fell over him.
The Steven woke up. It was late in the evening now. The room had fallen dark. The fire was out. However, the TV was still on. Steven rubbed his eyes and yawned. The sound that caught his attentions was grating. It was the sound of static from the TV. He wondered if this was what woke him up, but he doubted it. Still, he might as well turn the TV off and go sleep in his actual bed. He muttered to himself as he rubbed his eyes slowly till his eyes adjusted to the darkness.
He climbed out of the chair with great difficulty; he wasn't the lightest of men. With slow, unsteady steps he neared the TV and turned it off. The static disappeared and he was now in complete void. He knew his way back to his room like the back of his hand and soon he was climbing into the cool covers. His aching arms twitched with slight pain caused by the work he did at the lumber-mill. That being said, Steven did force himself to ignore it, or he would never sleep. The last thing he needed was physical pains.
Suddenly, a familiar sound returned before his head hit the welcoming pillow. It was the static of the TV, grating its sound softly through the living room and cutting straight to his eyes. There was nothing hypnotic about this static, otherwise Steven would have ignored it. The voice at the back of his mind beckoned for sleep, but he had to investigate. Did the TV remote fall of the side table and turn on the television? It was possible in a stranger world, but not in his home. Whatever the reason, he couldn't very sleep with it on. As Steven climbed out of the bed the static became louder than before. No longer low and grating, but loud and obnoxious.
He grunted his displeasure as he walked through the hallway back to the living room. A light flashed within the house for a blink of an eye. Darkness returned and the man counted the seconds before he heard the crack of lighting. It wasn't far but it didn't matter. He continued his journey ignoring the approaching storm, recalling the new mentioning it not too long ago. His large arms and clumsy feet bumped the sides of the walls and edges of furniture, making this walk more frustrating.
Entering the living room he noticed something that confused his very tired mind. The static sound reverberated around him, yet the TV was off. The TV was definitely off and the sound was not coming from the TV itself anyway. Something about this room was creating this noise He looked around the room for the source, but he didn't see anything. Another flash of light, this time the sound came sooner. This thought didn't cross his mind. He was far too concerned with the open window. Steven never opens this window, seeing it made fear manifest within his chest and spread towards his mind. The curtains floated on the frigid breeze and his originally calm mind was filled with aggravating thoughts.
The static grew louder as time passed. Steven was not moving. Something in him kept his feet bolted to the floor. The static blocked out all other sound. He stared at the blank window, although there was nothing he could see in the darkness. Another flash. His jaw dropped at a sudden, blood-freezing sight.
There wasn't anything in sight outside, but inside there were tendrils of darkness creeping from the window across the wall like shadows. They disappeared as soon as the flash of lighting vanished. His feet were free and he ran to his room. He didn't get far. When he entered the hallway he noticed the front door was open. More needles of fear pierced his being, some pinning his limbs to where they were. He was frozen in fear and there was no amount of courage within Steven that would free him.
The static vanished. All sound had left him. He stared into the pitch black outside through the very open doorway. No lighting, no sound of rain. Nothing. His eyes focused further outside. There was a dark sky, no stars, but enough light from the ghost of a moon to show off the silhouettes of the trees. Among these trees Steven noticed a blank, featureless shape the size of a football. It was white and in this darkness it stuck out like a sore thumb. All his mind focused on it and the faint sounds of steps. The pale shape was approaching, bobbing in the shadows and growing larger as it covered the distance.
Steven tried to turn his head and get his body in motion to runaway, but to no avail. Steven's head twitched sharply, as if pulled by a neck muscle in spasm. He was being forced to watch the figure, as if his body surrendered to the figure. It stared at him, he stared at it. He heard the legends, everyone had. It was there and then it wasn't. The pale face of the tall man was no longer in sight, gone in a blink.
Steven tuned his ears now to hear any sounds, but silence was all he heard. His world shifted, the house twisting in his vision as he collapsed, heart finally giving out.
The last sight Steven had burned into his now blackened eyes was that of dark formal shoes and the sound of crying.
Of course, Steven's disappearance was reported when one of his friends came over to visit the house. There wasn't anything unusual; all windows and doors were locked, no sign of entry. Nothing was stolen and absolutely no evidence to say fowl play was a possibility. The situation to most and the police was that Steven left home and walked away never to be seen again. However, a handful knew what happened to Steven, they knew the culprits name, but for fear of a padded cell, said nothing. Now you know too.


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Аеропо́рт Льє́йда — Алґуа́йра  (, ) — аеропорт, розташований у муніципалітеті Алґуайра за 15 км від центру міста Льєйда, Автономна область Каталонія, Іспанія та за 150 km від центру Барселони.

Опис
Аеропорт Льєйда — Алґуайра є регіональним пасажирським та вантажним аеропортом для західних районів Каталонії (Західна Баґарія) та прилеглих районів Західної смуги. Вартість будівництва аеропорту склала 130 млн євро. Він став першим аеропортом, побудованим Жанаралітатом (урядом) Каталонії, який зараз є його єдиним акціонером.

До аеропорту було збудовано два нові шосе — А-14 та А-22. Відкриття летовища відбулося 17 січня 2010 р.

Авіалінії та напрямки

Посилання
 Сайт аеропорту

Примітки

Каталонія
Аеропорти Іспанії


Olympia hotel is conveniently located in the downtown of Ulsan city and at a very close distance from the Ulsan Airport, Bus Terminal, and Ulsan Station.
StayResKorea.com provides complete information on Olympia hotel and also on Korea hotels, ranging from comfortable cheap hotels in Korea to luxurious five star hotels in Korea. Here you can get complete information on services and facilities offered by the Olympia hotel Ulsan, the best deal on discount Korea hotels, online hotel reservations service, and an easy to use hotel booking facility. Please check online availability and special discount on Korea Olympia hotel Ulsan.
Olympia hotel Ulsan enjoys a convenient location in the city center of Ulsan city. The hotel provides with all the comfortable facilities and services. The hotel rooms come equipped with all the amenities for a comfortable stay. The Hotel rooms are categorized in Western style 37 rooms and 6 in Korean style. The party lovers can have all the fun at the hotels nightclub with the latest music playing. The facilities for food and beverage at the coffee shop, main bar, Korean / Western restaurants serve the guests well. The hotel staff is friendly and provides with all the assistance to the guests.


text:
Q: How are Spark native functions routed to implementations? I'm looking at from_json
I see this function created as an expression here, where it's creating an instance of JsonToStructs via class loading the constructor here, and then finally loaded into the registry here.
From my understanding, this will allow from_json to be called in Spark sql like so:
SELECT from_json( '{"data":[{"id":123, "quantity":2, "price":39.5}]}',
'data array<struct<id:INT, quantity:INT, price:DOUBLE>>')
AS product_details;

However, the argument types shown in the spark docs (and what I used above) for from_json are different than any of the implementations. I don't know how they work with the JsonToStructs class, which has this constructor:
case class JsonToStructs(
  schema: DataType,
  options: Map[String, String],
  child: Expression,
  timeZoneId: Option[String] = None)

I'm obviously missing something basic here -- what is the link between from_json and JsonToStructs?

A: Think I found the answer:
The implementations I linked above for from_json are specific to using these functions in actual code like Java/Scala for spark.sql functionality and have nothing to do with being registered in the Spark catalog.
It looks like JsonToStructs is the only piece of code I have to look at. There are overloading constructors that take in expressions and can be processed as literals, which is why the from_json calls in the Spark docs are using Strings. JsonToStructs also defines how to parse the JSON data and convert according to the provided schema.
Feel free to correct me if I'm wrong.

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text:
CSE COVID-19 Updates
DEI Initiative
Minnesota Geology
Pebbles in Tills of Minnesota
Bedrock Geology
Paleozoic Geology
Mesozoic Geology
Common Minnesota Rocks
Caves and Karst
Ancient Meteorite Deposit in Minnesota
County Geologic Atlases
Geology of Minnesota Parks
Field Trip Guidebooks
Regional Hydrogeologic Assessments
Maps, Data & Publications
Map & Data Library
Field Notebooks Collection
Map Sales (In-Print)
Ask A Geologist
Data & Mapping Programs
County Well Index (CWI)
County Geologic Atlas (CGA)
STATEMAP Program
Water is arguably the most important resource on our planet. All life depends on it for survival. Approximately 71% of the surface of the Earth is water and of this, about 97% is saltwater. Where fresh water is present largely depends on geology, geographic location, global weather processes, and topographic variability.
The Water Cycle - This video uses animation, graphics, and video clips to illustrate and explain each of the "flow" and "storage" processes in the Hydrologic Cycle, more commonly known as the Water Cycle: precipitation, interception, runoff, infiltration, percolation, groundwater discharge, evaporation, transpiration, evapotranspiration, and condensation.
Video courtesy of NBC Learn & National Science Foundation
Water moves through the environment fairly predictably in a progression known as the water cycle (Fig. 1). It "starts" when surface water (such as rivers, lakes, or oceans) becomes a gas and enters the atmosphere through evaporation, evapotranspiration (the conversion of water from liquid to gas via transpiration of plants and evaporation from soil), or sublimation (the process by which solid water changes directly to gas); the gaseous water condenses in the air and forms clouds. As the clouds build and the amount of water increases, it precipitates out of the atmosphere (commonly as rain or snow), landing on the ground or in water. Frozen water can be stored as ice and snow for a significant period of time, but like rain, when it melts, it either infiltrates into the ground (becoming groundwater), or runs off the land surface into streams or lakes. Both streams and groundwater eventually recharge larger water bodies such as rivers, lakes, and oceans. Once at the surface, water "restarts" the cycle as it evaporates back into the atmosphere.
Figure 1. The water cycle. Arrows represent the direction of water movement though the cycle (Dengler, 2017, fig. 1, modified from Windows to the Universe, 2012).
Reservoirs and residence time
As mentioned above, there are numerous places, or reservoirs, where water is stored for varying lengths of time. The largest reservoirs are the oceans, which contain about 97% of the total water on the planet and are entirely saltwater. Fresh water comprises about 3% of total water, with the majority (69%) of that being stored as ice or snow (90% of which is in Antarctica). The next largest reservoir of fresh water, at 30%, is groundwater. Surface-water reservoirs, such as lakes and streams, make up 1% of fresh water, and the atmosphere stores only a tiny fraction.
How long water stays in each of these reservoirs (residence time) varies from days (the atmosphere) to thousands of years (oceans and some groundwater). Table 1 shows the average residence times for each reservoir. It is important to keep in mind that these are only averages and the actual range could be quite broad. For instance, though seasonal snow might last several months, depending on the location and conditions, some may sublimate within hours or days.
Table 1. The average residence time of water in reservoirs (modified from Windows to the Universe, 2012).
Residence time (average)
Oceans 3,000 to 3,230 years
Glaciers 20 to 100 years
Seasonal snow cover 2 to 6 months
Soil moisture 1 to 2 months
Groundwater—shallow 0 to 200 years
Groundwater—deep 10,000 years
Lakes 50 to 100 years
Rivers 2 to 6 months
Atmosphere 9 days
Groundwater is an extremely important resource because we rely on it for much or most of our consumable water. It is the second largest reservoir of fresh water on Earth (30%). Groundwater sources that yield a significant amount of water are called aquifers (Fig. 2A). Aquifers are permeable bedrock (typically sandstone, carbonate, or fractured rock) or subsurface sediments (sand and gravel); the more primary pore space (empty space between individual gains) and secondary pore space (empty space in rocks due to cracks and fractures) there is in these geologic units, the more water can be stored in them. Although the amount of pore space plays an important role in the amount of groundwater, subsurface water volume also varies depending on geographic location, precipitation amounts, season, or even human consumption; the water table (the upper surface of saturation) will rise and fall depending on these factors. Aquifers are recharged when precipitation or surface water infiltrates into the ground. There can be multiple aquifers that overlie each other in the subsurface that are separated by confining layers called aquitards; these are layers of clay-rich sediments or non-porous rock that restrict the vertical flow of groundwater. An aquifer in which water can seep directly into it from the ground surface is known as an unconfined aquifer; these are typically recharged by precipitation or stream and lake water infiltration. A confined aquifer is one that lies under an aquitard and cannot receive recharge directly from the surface; instead, confined aquifers are recharged by water that infiltrates into the ground many miles away and flows into it (Fig. 2).
Figure 2. Diagrams showing groundwater systems. Arrows represent the direction of groundwater flow. (A) Confined and unconfined aquifers, an aquitard, and water movement through the system. (B) Two wells show how water flow changes in the system once there is pumping from the aquifers. The well that ends in the unconfined aquifer represents the drawdown effect of pumping an aquifer (Dengler, 2017, fig. 2).
Groundwater is extracted from the subsurface by pumping from wells (Fig. 2B). These wells are constructed using large drills mounted on trucks. Depending on the type of material being drilled, reaching a productive aquifer can take a few hours to a few days. A pump is placed deep in the hole to force water up to the surface. When a significant amount of pumping occurs in one location and is drawing from a single aquifer, it can cause the water level surrounding the well(s) to lower, an effect called drawdown (Fig. 2B), which can affect the water level in nearby wells, ponds, or lakes. If high pumping rates continue, the water level in the well can drop below the level of the pump, and even nearby lakes and ponds can dry up. Once pumping ceases, the aquifer may recover through recharge.
Water in Minnesota
The location and climate of Minnesota drive the distribution of water throughout the state. Minnesota sits at a drainage divide for three continental-scale watersheds, meaning that almost all water in Minnesota flows out of the state; therefore, Minnesota derives all of its water from precipitation. Most moisture falls in the state during the spring and summer months when warm, humid air masses from the Gulf of Mexico can penetrate farther north. However, a large amount of groundwater recharge occurs in the spring and autumn when there is less water loss from evapotranspiration. For this same reason, snowmelt in the spring contributes to a significant amount of groundwater recharge. Located in the central United States, Minnesota sits between the semi-humid and semi-arid climates of the east and west. This means that there is a large gradient of water availability from west to east across the state. The western edge of the state experiences more evapotranspiration than is replenished by precipitation, leading to drier environments. The eastern half of the state is the opposite, with greater annual precipitation amounts relative to the amount of evapotranspiration; this creates an environment with large forests and extensive wetlands.
Water use in Minnesota
Here in Minnesota, we have an abundance of water; with our "10,000 lakes" we are no strangers to this important resource. But why is this so important? How do we use the water available to our community, and how much does everyone actually use? Figure 3 shows the primary water uses in the state, as well as the percentage of water consumed by each group.
Figure 3. Pie chart showing the percentage of water consumed by various uses in Minnesota in 2010. Numbers were compiled from U.S. Geological Survey (2016) (Dengler, 2017, fig. 3).
Domestic (personal) use may seem like the most obvious way we consume water, because we use it every day; however, it only makes up 8.1% of the total water usage in Minnesota. Of the total amount of water used domestically, about 70% is from groundwater and the remaining 30% is from surface water (the Twin Cities are the primary consumers of this surface water). While some domestic water use is self-supplied to consumers via private wells, the majority of the population, about 79%, relies on the public water supply for their everyday needs such as drinking, cleaning, bathing, and cooking. Watering yards and washing cars also account for a portion of this consumption. The average Minnesotan uses about 63 gallons of water per day; that's about the amount needed to fill a standard bathtub! An average family of four uses about 252 gallons of water every day. This may not seem like a lot, but when you consider how many people live in the state (about 5.5 million), it really adds up; that's 5.5 million full bathtubs, or over 345 million gallons of water used every day, just by people living their normal lives! Other uses of public-supplied water in Minnesota make up about 6.5% of total consumption, and include services such as public pools, parks, firefighting, wastewater treatment, municipal buildings, and some industrial use. About 3.5% of total water consumption is self-supplied by industries for uses including washing, processing, dilutions, cooling, and sanitation.
By far the largest consumer of water (65.7% of total water use) in Minnesota is thermoelectric power. Almost 100% of the water is from surficial sources and is used exclusively for cooling systems. About 62% of this is used for once-through cooling, is not consumed by the plant, and is returned directly to the withdrawal source; the remaining 38% is used in recirculation cooling systems, meaning it is recycled by the plant until it eventually evaporates and is returned to the environment as steam. In this way, though thermoelectric power uses the highest percentage of water, it does not actually consume the whole amount.
Mining practices use 7.4% of the total water Minnesota. Historically, mining has played a large role in the economic and cultural growth of the region. Today, large mines produce taconite and other materials that are sold and shipped across the globe, making the industry an important contributor to the Minnesota economy. Water is used for the extraction of ore through practices such as quarrying, milling, water injection, and dampening roads for dust control.
Irrigation accounts for 5.2% of the total water consumption in the form of sprinkler and surface irrigation, and about 87% of withdrawals for irrigation are from groundwater reservoirs. If there is a large amount of pumping on a single aquifer, then there could be a problematic water-level decline (Fig. 2B). The primary use of this resource is agriculture; however, golf courses and parks are also included in this category. Commonly, water used for irrigation is mixed with fertilizers, manure, and pesticides that are intended to nourish and protect crops or grasses. Any water (including these additives) that is not consumed by the plants either runs off into nearby streams or ponds, or re-enters the groundwater reservoir. This contaminated water is often high in nitrate, which if consumed by humans can lead to health problems, especially in infants and pregnant women. In areas with potentially high nitrate concentrations, the Minnesota Department of Health enforces federal regulations on preventing and treating nitrate contamination in drinking water (the Safe Drinking Water Act), and public water systems are routinely monitored and treated for contamination. Nitrate does occur naturally in small amounts when microorganisms in the soil break down organic matter; however, in these concentrations it is not considered harmful.
Livestock and aquaculture (raising organisms for food, conservation, or sport) account for 1.9% of total water consumption in Minnesota. The water is used for habitat, watering, sanitation, and cooling facilities.
Humans are not the only organisms that require water. Minnesota has numerous ecosystems that rely on the abundance of water present in the environment. The numerous lakes, lush forests, peat bogs, and aquatic habitats all require groundwater and surface water resources to maintain good health.
Lastly, though it can't be quantified, water is used for recreation. Minnesota is known for its "10,000 lakes," rivers, the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, boating, and fishing. Outdoor recreation is very popular among Minnesotans, and our water resources are a large part of that. Not only are these activities important to residents of Minnesota, but they also attract tourists from other states. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness alone attracted 146,177 total visitors in 2015; and in 2016 there were 1.6 million licensed anglers in Minnesota! Those who enjoy these types of activities know the value of Minnesota water resources and recognize the importance of protecting their quality and integrity.
Written by E.L. Dengler, 2017, Minnesota at a Glance: Water in Minnesota: Minnesota Geological Survey; modified for web by A.J. Retzler, June 2020.
Minnesota At A Glance: Water in Minnesota
Moth Spring in Fillmore County emanating from the lower Cummingsville Formation.
What is groundwater? by the Groundwater Foundation
Minnesota Drinking Water Annual Report for 2018 by the Minnesota Department of Health (May 2019)
Water Availability Assessment Report by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (September 2015)
The Water Cycle by the UCAR Center for Science Education
Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness Permit and Visitor Use Trends 2009-2015 by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (2016)
2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (2013)
Water Use in the United States by the U.S. Geological Survey
The Water Cycle—A climate change perspective (Windows to the Universe) by the National Earth Science Teachers Association
More About Minnesota Geology
Potential for Geologic Carbon Sequestration in Minnesota
2609 Territorial Road, St. Paul MN 55114
mgs@umn.edu


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Q: Java NullPointerException: Assign null I wrote a function to build a BTS from a unsorted array
public static TreeNode buildTree(int[] a){
    TreeNode parent=new TreeNode();
    TreeNode curr=new TreeNode();
    curr.e=a[0];
    TreeNode root=curr;
    int v;
    for(int i=1;i<a.length;i++){
        curr=root;
        v=a[i];
        A: while(curr!=null){
            if(v>=curr.e) {
                parent=curr;
                if(curr.right==null) break A;
                    curr=curr.right;
            }
            else{
                parent=curr;
                if(curr.left==null) break A;
                curr=curr.left;
            }
        }
        //parent is leaf
        if(v>=parent.e){
            System.out.println(parent.e);
            parent.right=new TreeNode();
            parent.right.e=v;
        }
        else{
            parent.left=new TreeNode();
            parent.left.e=v;
        }
    }
    return root;
}

If I didn't add these lines:
if(curr.left==null) break A;
if(curr.right==null) break A;

I got nullPointerException.
I don't understand why.
When curr.left is null, then I assign curr=curr.left, isn't I make curr=null, than the while loop will be break?
Is it illegal to assign null to a object like this?
Thanks!!

A: Oh... Sorry!!!
It works, the reason it didn't work before was I forgot the add else{} around
parent=curr;
    if(curr.left==null) break A;
        curr=curr.left;

That's why I had nullPointerException.
if(curr.left==null) break A;
if(curr.right==null) break A;

Are unnecessary.

A: The Application without exception when i Commented these lines:if(curr.left==null) break A; if(curr.right==null) break A;
my Code is buildTree(new int[]{1,0,1}); and result is 1,no error。Can you provide more detailed information


On July 1, China will cut most-favored-nation (MFN) tariffs for 1,449 taxable items, including several agricultural and seafood items. The tariff reductions include 388 food and agricultural related products such as seafood, processed meat, processed vegetable, sauces, and snack food products. The announcement will impact Chinese food agriculture related imports from the United States with an estimated value of $1.9 billion in 2017, and lower average tariff rates from 15.2 percent to 6.9 percent. U.S. exporters should be aware of the new tariffs and check with local importers to verify changes in their tariff rate.


text:
Caserta este un oraș în Italia de sud, capitala provinciei cu același nume.

Palatul Regal din Caserta, cu parcul, apeductul Vanvitelli și complexul San Leucio, au fost înscrise în anul 1997 pe lista patrimoniului cultural mondial UNESCO.

Demografie

Note

Vezi și
 Locuri din patrimoniul mondial
 Listă de orașe din Italia

Orașe din Italia
Patrimoniul mondial din Italia


Crop stage and uniformity. Is the crop close to swath timing? If some plants are at the target swath stage (ideally 60% seed colour change on the main stem, or later) but others are still too green, you probably want to wait to swath – especially if most of the yield potential is in those later plants. Potential losses from shelling out of most mature pods is likely more than offset by the yield gain of letting more of the seeds in later pods to reach maturity. If the variety has the pod shatter tolerance trait, the field could be left for three to four weeks before those first-maturity pods start to shatter. If still highly uneven after that time, farmers may opt to desiccate or swath the crop to dry down green stems for improve harvest efficiency. Read "Harvest timing for an uneven field".
Lygus. Count lygus and compare numbers to thresholds. Note that if swathing is a week away, pods may be too tough for lygus to penetrate. Lygus scouting, thresholds and timing. If choosing to spray, find a product that fits the pre-harvest interval.
Bertha armyworm. These big eaters can be in isolated patches. If only a small area is at threshold, a localized spray can be very effective. Also note that a few big worms on pods at the top of the canopy may look bad, but numbers could still be well below thresholds. Bertha armyworm scouting tips. If choosing to spray, find a product that fits the pre-harvest interval.
CSPW exit holes. Cabbage seedpod weevil larvae will eat some seeds inside a pod then dig out, leaving an exit hole. If 25% of pods or less have exit holes, one can assume that a spray did its job. Or, if you didn't spray, you made the right decision. If more than 25% of pods have exit holes, damage exceeded economic thresholds. A check strip would be especially helpful in determining whether a spray paid off.
Clubroot. Look for plants showing clear signs of stress – either wilting and yellowing while others appear OK. Clip the stems to check for blackleg and dig up the roots to check for clubroot galls. Also target plants without clear signs of stress. Check random plants in higher-risk areas near field approaches. Read more scouting tips. With clubroot showing up in new areas across the Prairies, the approach is to prove to yourself that you don't have clubroot. Manitoba Agriculture's Holly Derksen talks about clubroot in new areas. If unsure about clubroot ID, send samples away for DNA testing. When making field scouting notes, include the variety name.
Blackleg. Fields that started the season with moist soil conditions and fields that had hail early in the season could be at higher risk for yield-damaging blackleg. Fields in a tight canola rotation are also at higher risk. Clip stems to check for blackleg severity. Do 50 random stems (not just clearly damaged stems) to get a true picture of incidence (% of plants infected) and severity (average blackleg rating) for the field. If average severity is moving beyond 1.5 toward 2 or more, this is a clear sign that the blackleg resistance in the variety is no longer appropriate for this particular field. The blackleg pathogen population has shifted and R-gene rotation will be required the next time canola is grown on that field – unless the plan is to take a three-year break from canola. When making field scouting notes, include the variety name. Read more.
Weeds. Are those patches herbicide resistant and to what? Or are they just escapes?
—Herbicide resistant weeds tend to be in patches of all the same weed. Other weeds were controlled while this particular species-specific patch was not. Herbicide resistant weeds also tend to be in patches of irregular shape, starting off as one weed and going out from there as seeds shell out or the combine spreads them around. In the case of glyphosate-resistant kochia, plants are often in long lines as the resistant parent tumbled along dropping seeds. Wild oats will be in patches that spread out from the original resistant plants.
Stubble counts. Plant counts often drop 10-15% through the season. If more severe than that, check scouting notes and consider the most likely reasons – Insects? Weather? Disease? – and whether there's a profit-improving way to prevent this. Seed choice may be part of the solution. If counts increase, which is also possible, take a close look at all plants in the harvest count to see how many are actually contributing to yield. Small spindly plants that emerged well after all the others may not have that many pods, and should not be included in the count. Read more.


Helps reduce the absorption and availability of calories from complex carbohydrates from starchy foods when taken as part of a meal.
Starch stopper contains Phase 2, a patented and proven herbal extract of White Kidney Bean Phaseolus vulgaris shown to help reduce the absorption and availability of calories from complex carbohydrates from starchy foods when taken as part of a meal.
Reducing the carbohydrates in the diet can benefit weight management programmes and contribute to weight loss when used in conjunction with a balanced calorie-controlled diet and a sensible programme of exercise.
Studies have also shown that reducing carbohydrate calories, can have beneficial effects on blood triglycerides, blood sugar levels and body weight.
To assist weight management programmes when used as part of a calorie-controlled diet and a programme of sensible aerobic exercise.
Used in conjunction with a calorie-controlled low-fat diet and sensible exercise programme, Starch Stopper can help to reduce up to one third of the available calories from the starchy foods you love, and contains no harmful drugs or stimulants. Phase 2 will not totally eliminate the energy from starch foods, but your weight management programme will have a head start!
Adults: Take two to three Starch Stopper capsules with a large glass of water, immediately before each starchy meal.
Generally well-tolerated when used as directed. High intakes may be associated with some changes in bowel habits.
If you have a medical condition, or plan to lose a lot of weight, please consult your healthcare professional before undertaking any weight loss programme.
Do not use in pregnancy without medical advice.


Nominations are now open for Highline College's 2018 Distinguished Alumnus Award, which honors former Highline students who have made notable achievements in their profession or community.
The award's first recipient was Norm Rice in 1990, who was elected as Seattle's first African-American mayor in 1989. Other past recipients include Sandra Cravens Robinson, nurse and Army veteran, and Ezra Teshome, businessman and global humanitarian.
Eligible nominees are former students who attended Highline five or more years ago (prior to the 2013–2014 academic year). The college is looking for nominees who have made a significant contribution through community service, noteworthy professional achievement and/or recognized leadership.
Nominations may be submitted by faculty, staff, students, alumni and friends of Highline. Nominees will be asked to submit a résumé and personal profile questionnaire for review by a campus selection committee.
The person selected will be recognized at commencement exercises on June 14, 2018.
Nomination forms are available online through Highline College Alumni Relations.
To learn more, contact Asha Bhaga at [email protected].


Tapas bars in Torrevieja can be found on practically every street corner. They have been a tradition in Spain for centuries. They originated in the villages and countryside, mainly to serve farm workers and village labourers. Originally bartenders would place a crust of bread over their customers glasses to keep insects out. Being poor, the customers would eat the bread with their wine before returning to their labours. Thankfully nowadays tapas have evolved greatly. Visitors to the city will now find mind boggling selection of these tasty treats.
Visitors to Torrevieja are often put off eating in Spanish restaurants purely because they can't understand the menu. This really is a shame as the variety and quality of most Spanish food is excellent. This needn't be the case with tapas bars as most will have their tapas in glass display cases. It's then just a matter of pointing to whatever takes your fancy. Other more traditional tapas bars will just serve you a tapa with your drink order without asking. some bars provide these for free. Other tapas bars in the more touristy areas will charge for their tapas.
Torrevieja has a selection of lovely tapas restaurants. Here you select what takes your fancy and each tapa will come with a toothpick. At the end of your meal the toothpicks are counted and that is the amount of tapas you pay for (an indication of Spanish honesty). An excellent value tapas restaurant called 100 Montaditos can be found on Calle Ramon Galud. This is close to Domino's Pizza. Here the fantastic variety of tapas are super fresh. Most come in freshly baked little crusty rolls. They range from 1€ – 5€ depending on size and ingredients. They also do some great value food & drink combos. Two tostadas and a cup of coffee will cost just 1.80€.
We are classifying a bar as "Sports Bars" as one themed either as sports bar, the owner calls it one, or they show a lot of live sports at it.


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Pink is for Boys, Blue is for Girls
In a book about the Lusitania, I read of a young boy wearing a pink coat. A hand-me-down from an older sister? Not likely.
Traditionally, pink denoted strength and vigor, suitable for hearty boys growing up to be manly men. Blue was considered delicate and serene, perfect for dainty girls who would grow up into demure women.
Change came in the 1940s, when clothing manufacturers decreed that blue was for boys and pink for girls. Now parents would have to buy whole new wardrobes for their children.
The vast majority of people are said to prefer blue over pink, which is one of the least favorite colors among adults.
What about you? Do you prefer pink or blue?
Freedoms to Fight For
Norman Rockwell began his Four Freedoms painting in 1942. His aim was to portray the values we were fighting for in World War II. He offered the paintings to various government agencies, but none of them recognized the significance of this art.
The Saturday Evening Post, for which Rockwell created the cover art, published the paintings on inside pages in 1943. Public response was overwhelming. The 44" by 48" paintings went on a war bond drive to sixteen cities, raising more than $130,000,000 in bonds.
Reprints of these paintings found their way onto the walls of the same agencies that had failed to accept Rockwell's offer.
The First Shot of the War in the Pacific
The first shot of the war in the Pacific on December 7, 1941, may not have been fired at Pearl Harbor. A new book, Dawn of Infamy, traces the history of a lumber transport ship that may have been the first ship fired on by the Japanese. The Cynthia Olson was leased to the Army Transport Service to haul lumber to Hawaii for the military build-up in response to the threat of war with Japan.
A Japanese submarine spotted the freighter on December 6 and followed it, waiting to hear the attack on Pearl Harbor had begun before firing on it. Because the transport was unarmed, the Japanese commander made the humanitarian gesture of firing across its bow and allowing the 35 men to abandon ship into their lifeboats.
The men, mostly Scandinavian-born, naturalized Americans officers and Filipino merchant mariners, were never seen again.
The radio operator, Private Sam Ziskind, an enlisted army man, sent out a distress signal and communicated with a passenger liner, the Lurline, heading for the West Coast. The Lurline radio operator asked for their position and Ziskind responded, adding in a "steady hand" that they were being attacked by a surfaced sub. Their news was flashed to San Francisco and on to Washington, but the news of the attack on Pearl Harbor quickly eclipsed their ordeal. A Canadian coastal passenger liner requisitioned by the military did search for them, but found no trace of the ship, flotsam, or the two lifeboats.
It was a case of bad luck that the Cynthia Olson was found by the enemy. Nineteen other US-flagged ships were underway between the West Coast and Hawaii that day. Four were heavily laden troopships. Cynthia Olson made the least rewarding target. The ship, built by the Manitowoc Shipyard in Wisconsin, proved to be a rugged freighter that remained afloat for a few hours, despite having 40 rounds of high explosives fired on it.
Eleanor Roosevelt commented on the lumber ship in her regular Sunday evening radio address, and FDR made a veiled reference to it in his Day of Infamy address to congress. It received much coverage in the press, possibly because it occurred within three or four days steaming of the West Coast, but soon faded from attention and is today barely known.
Determining whether the Cynthia Olson was fired upon before bombs fell at Pearl Harbor is made difficult because of the variety of time zones. Besides Greenwich Mean Time, which the radio operators were to log their messages, the Japanese sub followed Japan's time, the Lurline advanced its clock one half hour at midnight while underway, and Hawaii at the time was at the half hour when the mainland was on the hour.
Speculation on what happened to the crew settles on them being adrift until they starved or swamped. They are now counted among the more than 73,000 service personnel not recovered following World War II. The two soldiers, Private Ziskind and Private Davenport, the medic, are listed among service member killed at Pearl Harbor and memorialized at the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific, known as the Punchbowl.
Labels: Cynthia Olson, Pearl Harbor
B-17s took a Lot of Punishment
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