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Spring 2003 (11.1)
Medieval Secrets of Health
Farid Alakbarli: Researching Baku's Medical Manuscripts
by Jean Patterson
Left: Farid developed an early interest in animal and plant life. Here at age 11 with his parakeet.
At age 40, Dr. Farid Alakbarli is already the leading authority on medieval medical texts from Azerbaijan. In his research at Baku's Institute of Manuscripts, he has studied hundreds of rare texts - most of them written in the Arabic script - to learn how medieval doctors used traditional medicine to treat their patients. Many of these remedies have long since been forgotten.
Medieval physicians have much to teach us about medicine, Farid believes. Their traditional approaches have the potential to be used once again in modern medicine, once they have been properly investigated and scientifically analyzed. To restore and disseminate this lost knowledge, Farid has spent the last two decades reading and translating medieval medical manuscripts. His discoveries suggest that modern man still has much to re-learn about the human body and how to enjoy optimal health.
When it comes to Azerbaijan's Medieval Medical Manuscripts written in Arabic script, Farid Alakbarli has a lot of "firsts" after his name. He was the first to undertake serious, in-depth study of all the medical manuscripts that are housed at Baku's Institute of Manuscripts. This resulted in his compiling a catalog of 365 manuscripts. Among his discoveries were the manuscripts of two previously unknown Azerbaijani physicians: Abulhasan Maraghai (18th century), Murtuzagulu Shamlu (17th century).
He was the first person in Azerbaijan ever to study the concept of preventive medicine as it existed in medieval Azerbaijan, especially as it related to lifestyle, nutrition, sports, control of emotions, protection of the environment, medicine and pharmacology.
Left: The Institute of Manuscripts in downtown Baku. One of Oil Baron Taghiyev's buildings constructed at the turn of the 19th century.
Another of his "firsts" was the study of natural medicines as described in medieval Azerbaijani manuscripts. Before him, scholars such as I.
Afandiyev and Arif Rustamov had written descriptions about the ancient history of Azerbaijan's medicine, but none had approached this complex study by drawing upon both social and natural sciences.
Because one of his doctorates is in Biology, it enabled Farid to be the first person to study the species of herbs, minerals and animals as described in medieval Azerbaijani sources and analyze them from the biological, medical, philological and historical points of view. As such he has identified 256 species of medicinal herbs that had been forgotten. Once these natural substances have been tested experimentally and clinically, many can be included in the armory of modern medicine.
In addition, he found 866 types of complex medicines (such as tablets, pills, syrups), identifying their composition and describing their medical properties. Though found in medieval Azerbaijani manuscripts, they had never been analyzed scientifically before.
Farid was the first to propose that a new system of health protection should incorporate both traditional Azerbaijani medicine with modern scientific medicine. His ideas are summarized in various books and articles in Azeri, Russian and English. Thanks to his meticulous research, a new 1,400-term glossary (1992) exists of medieval Azeri pharmacological terms. Such a glossary had never been published before.
Below: Farid Alakbarli, 8, with his grandfather Aghabeyli Aghakhan (1904-1980) in 1971. Farid credits his grandfather with instilling in him a love of history by telling him stories about famous kings, writers and poets. Aghabeyli was a professor of biology, a geneticist, and a Corresponding Member of the USSR Agricultural Academy Of Sciences, an honor bestowed on only two Azerbaijanis during the Soviet period. He created a new breed of buffalos, the Caucasian Buffalo (now, called the Azerbaijan buffalo). His book "Buffalos" was published in Baku, Moscow and Vietnam (in Vietnamese language)
Prior to Farid's research, no medieval Azerbaijani medical books had been investigated, translated and published. In 1989, he and his colleagues published "Tibbname" (Book of Medicine by Muhammad Yusif Shirvani) which had originally been written in an old style of Azeri that was in use when it was first penned in 1712. This volume is now available both in modern Azeri and in Russian. This publication enabled readers for the first time to be able to access information about Azerbaijan's ancient medicine, as a primary source. The book has already been published twice - 50,000 copies each time - which is considered a very large print run for Azerbaijan.
Farid's most recent "first" comes this year, 2003, when he published for the first time a book about ancient Azerbaijani medicine in Russia (St. Petersburg). Along with his colleague, Akif Farzaliyev, the medieval treatise, "Tuhfat al-muminin" is now available. This was the third book that Farid had published together with his colleague in the Russian language.
The primary question that Farid has been dealing with for the last 20 years is how human beings, as revealed centuries ago in medieval manuscripts, learned to take care of their health. In the process, he has gained the perspective of early medical specialists to some of the major topics that scientists are interested in today, such as the secret to longevity. Today's doctors tell us to eat nutritious foods, exercise regularly and stay away from unhealthy habits like smoking or eating too many sweets. Medieval Azerbaijani doctors had their own theories about what constituted good health; some of their ideas align with the accepted advice of today, others differ radically. Did they know something that we don't?
Most definitely they did, says Dr. Farid Alakbarli, a medical historian who has studied hundreds of medical manuscripts written between the 9th and 18th centuries. These ancient manuscripts are housed at the Institute of Manuscripts in Baku.
Medieval doctors prescribed a wide variety of medicines made from plants, animals and minerals. In his research, Farid has identified 724 plants, 115 minerals and 150 animals that were once used for medicinal purposes in Azerbaijan. Of these, 256 species of medicinal herbs had completely been forgotten. Farid has also identified 866 types of complex medicines, such as tablets, pills and syrups, and described their medical properties.
Left: From the 13th century text: "The Book About Surgery and Surgical Instruments" by Andalusian (the Arabic name for Spain during Mauritanian rule) Arab scholar Abulgasim Zakhravi who was known in medieval Europe as Albucasis and whose books were translated into Latin and taught in medieval European Universities.
What do doctors from 600 or 700 years ago possibly have to tell us that we don't know already? Traditional medicine holds the key to untold advances in treating and preventing disease, Farid believes. "If we combine ancient knowledge with modern medical achievements, we can arrive at a new concept of preventive medicine.
"People often ask me why ancient medicine is so important, when we already have such strong modern preparations, like antibiotics and sulfonamides. First of all, natural medicine, if used correctly, doesn't have as many side effects as manufactured chemical preparations do. Secondly, in some cases, herbs may even be more effective than modern medicine. This is not to say that modern chemical preparations are weak. On the contrary, they are able to kill thousands of species of microbes. But an ax is less versatile than a surgeon's knife. Herbal medicine is like a surgeon's knife: it can be used precisely and gently because it is sufficiently sharp and effective at the same time
Left: The very informative pharmacology book, "Karabadin" (Pharmacy Book) by Nuh Afandi written in Turkish.
"People often ask me why ancient medicine is so important, when we already have such strong modern preparations, like antibiotics and sulfonamides. First of all, natural medicine, if used correctly, doesn't have as many side effects as manufactured chemical preparations do. Secondly, in some cases, herbs may even be more effective than modern medicine. This is not to say that modern chemical preparations are weak. On the contrary, they are able to kill thousands of species of microbes. But an ax is less versatile than a surgeon's knife. Herbal medicine is like a surgeon's knife: it can be used precisely and gently because it is sufficiently sharp and effective at the same time.
"Traditional medicine can be more effective than modern medicine, with fewer side effects. For example, some doctors treat urinary diseases with antibiotics and sulfonamides. However, almost all antibiotics can result in mycosis [an infection caused by a fungus] as well as many other diseases. Sulfonamides can concentrate in the kidneys and lead to the formation of kidney stones. On the other hand, herbal teas made of cypress cones, chamomile and other herbs may be used to treat urinary diseases without any negative side effects."
Left: Farid Alakbarli. The first time a medieval treatise about ancient Azerbaijani medicine has been published in Russia. Coauthored with Akif Farzaliyev. St. Petersburg, 2003.
Traditional medicine is still very much alive in countries like Iran, Pakistan, India and China. In some cases, healers treat diseases without the use of medicine at all. For example, yoga can be used to treat some nervous disorders through breathing and mental exercises. For example, standing on one's head improves blood circulation, enhancing memory and preventing sclerosis. Similarly, Chinese healers use acupressure and massage to treat nervous diseases.
"But what does modern medicine do?" Farid asks. "Doctors prescribe a lot of pills and infusions that aren't necessary. Gradually, the patient loses self-confidence and becomes completely dependent upon these drugs. He doesn't realize that he can help himself by pursuing a healthy lifestyle, eating a nutritious diet and getting regular exercise. Instead, he wakes up with a capsule and goes to sleep with a tablet. This kind of psychological dependence is very dangerous for the body and the soul.
"Many of the people who read my books try to use herbs for self-treatment. For example, a famous historian was recently complaining that modern medicine wasn't helping him. He asked my advice about herbal treatment, so I recommended several herbs. A week later, he called to thank me. His problems had been solved. As it turns out, the herbs I had recommended were very effective, whereas the enormous amount of antibiotics that he had taken before had only worsened his condition.
There are many such examples." Azerbaijanis have a long-standing tradition of using herbs as medicine. For example, many use chamomile flowers to treat urinary and intestinal disorders. Valerian root is well known as a sedative. "Unfortunately, people don't always know the correct dosage or how to combine these herbs with other herbs," Farid says. "Nor do they always know which herb is the most effective in specific situations. They drink the same herbs out of habit, without taking into account differences in age, gender, weight or other important factors. Therefore, the efficacy of the herb varies. In my books, I try to explain the correct way of using these herbs, as portrayed by medieval physicians."
Lifestyle for Longevity
Left: Last page of a medical manuscript where a copyist or reader added his own opinion or that of others in related fields. Such practice was quite common in that day.
Farid discusses medieval conceptions of health in his extensive volume, "A Thousand and One Secrets of the Orient," which was published in 2000 in Russian. This compendium of his work on traditional medicine features an exhaustive listing of medieval prescriptions. In ancient Eastern philosophy, he says, the emphasis was not so much on treating diseases as it was on preventing them from occurring in the first place.
One of most important sections of the book relates to diet. "Modern dietitians tell us not to eat animal fat because it contains harmful cholesterol," Farid says. "And yet, many Azerbaijanis who eat meat and animal fat live to be a hundred years old or more. How is this possible?
"According to ancient traditions, the secret is to eat meat in moderation along with fresh vegetables, in order to prevent the assimilation of fat. As a result, the organism gets all of the necessary elements and is not damaged. This proves that the recommendations of ancient traditions and medieval medicine are sometimes wiser than modern judgment."
Childhood Interests
How did Farid become interested in a field that was rarely studied, yet which holds much potential? He says his passion for scholarly work began in childhood. Farid grew up in Baku's Ichari Shahar (Inner City), the medieval walled city that foreigners often refer to as the "Old City." "I was surrounded by minarets, ancient fortress walls and towers," Farid says. "Maybe that's one of the reasons why I became so interested in history."
Farid's parents are both scientists who work in the field of genetics. Inspired by their example, Farid spent much of his childhood reading books from the family's extensive library, especially books on history and biology.
"I loved reading illustrated books about nature," he says. "I would spend a lot of time at the zoo and at the Baku Botanical Gardens, where I was fascinated by the various kinds of exotic palms, orchids and cacti. I also kept a variety of pets at home, such as parrots, fish, lizards and tortoises."
At age 11, he owned a parakeet - a little Australian Wavy parakeet, Farid says. "These birds are small like sparrows, mostly green, but sometimes blue or yellow. They are very common in Baku and very cheap. This particular parakeet had obviously flown away from its former owner and happened to land on my balcony. I managed to catch him with a colander from my mother's kitchenware. After a while, I realized that the parakeet seemed to miss the company of other birds, so I bought a friend for him from the ZooShop for 3 rubles (about $3). I ended up with a male and a female. I put them in a cage together and made a little nest, hoping that they would mate. But it seems they weren't interested, even though I had diligently read a book on raising parakeets and followed the instructions."
Farid's grandfather on his mother's side, Aghakhan Aghabeyli (1904-1980), was also an academic, specifically a biology professor and one of Azerbaijan's two corresponding members of the USSR Agricultural Academy of Sciences. "My grandfather inspired me because he was such a knowledgeable person," Farid recalls. "He developed a new breed of buffalo, the Caucasian Buffalo (now called the Azerbaijan buffalo). His book 'Buffalos' was published in Baku, Moscow and in the Vietnamese language.
"My grandfather was a biologist, but he also knew the Arabic script, Persian, German, literature, poetry, history and many other things. Besides, he had artistic ability and could draw and play the piano and tar. When I was young, he would often tell me stories about history and the famous kings, writers and poets of Azerbaijan."
When Farid was growing up, the official alphabet in Azerbaijan was Azeri Cyrillic, which had been imposed by Stalin in 1940. (Azerbaijan switched to the Azeri Latin script in December 1991. See Azerbaijan International 8.1 (Spring 2000). Search at AZER.com.
At that time, only the older generation knew how to read the Arabic alphabet, which had been used from the seventh century up until 1929. When Farid was nine or ten years old, his grandmother Ruhsara began teaching him how to read in Arabic. Soon he was able to read the older Azeri books in the family's library. Today, Farid is one of the few Azerbaijanis in the Republic who is able to read the Azeri handwritten manuscripts penned in the Arabic script though, of course, Azerbaijanis who live in Iran, which number approximately 25-30 million, would not have much difficulty in reading Azeri in Arabic script.
School and Komsomol
As a student at Baku's No. 134 Secondary Russian School, Farid excelled in subjects like biology, history and geography. However, during the Soviet era, good grades were not enough. All young people in the USSR between the ages of 14 and 29 were expected to join the Communist Union of Youth, or Komsomol. This was a prerequisite to joining the Communist Party.
"When I was in 10th grade, my classmates were all members in the Komsomol, that is, except me," Farid remembers. "I avoided it because I didn't want to attend those endless boring meetings and listen to contrived speeches, verses and songs about how great the Communist Party was and how wise and kind our 'grandfather' Lenin was. My teachers used to ask me why I hadn't joined the Komsomol like other 'good boys.' Usually, I would tell them that I didn't consider myself to be ready for such a great honor and responsibility. They would look at me in astonishment, suspecting that surely I was jesting.
"Finally, they issued a stern warning that I would not be accepted into the university if I didn't join the Komsomol. Despite my aversion to things political, I had little choice if I wanted to pursue an academic career. So I agreed. My acceptance was granted on the last day before I graduated from high school. However, I still tried to avoid attending the Komsomol meetings as much as possible. Eight years later in January 1990 [Black January], when the Soviet Army entered Baku and killed hundreds of civilians, I took advantage of the opportunity, as did many others, to protest the massacre by leaving the Komsomol officially."
In 1980, Farid graduated from high school and began studying biology at Baku State University. In addition to science, Farid focused on learning foreign languages, especially Persian and Arabic. He had already studied Russian, Azeri and English and was studying the Arabic alphabet and the Persian language on his own.
"I used to open the dictionary and memorize the Persian words by heart," he says. "I also had an Arabic textbook by Alasgar Mammadov that I studied step by step. I would bring the textbook with me to the university so I that could read and translate during my breaks between biology classes. Unfortunately, the textbook was filled with Bolshevik propaganda about Revolution in Arabic countries, Azerbaijan and Russia. So I read additional books like the Koran. Along with my study at the Biology Department, I also attended the two-year Persian courses at the Institute of Foreign Languages. I successfully completed the course and qualified as a Persian language teacher."
At that time, Azerbaijanis who were interested in religion or foreign languages were under strict surveillance by the KGB. "I was no exception," Farid says. "The situation became even worse when some students and I formed an informal club to discuss political and cultural issues. One of my classmates was an informant for the KGB and I soon found myself in trouble. Our group did hold lively discussions about the possibility of independence of Azerbaijan from the USSR. [Azerbaijan did succeed in gaining their freedom from the USSR in December 1991].
"In 1982, I was called in and interrogated. They threatened me and told me to put an end to my anti-Soviet activity. I realized that the situation was becoming dangerous not only for me, but also for my parents and relatives. I felt like I had no right to put them at such risk, so I immediately went home and burned my diaries and notebooks in which I had written down my thoughts about scientific, cultural and political issues. I was 22 at the time."
Institute of Manuscripts
After graduating from the university, Farid decided to specialize in the History of Science. Combining his education in Biology and his knack for reading ancient scripts, he began working at the Institute of Manuscripts that is under the umbrella of the Academy of Science. Farid refers to the Institute as a "sacred temple of science" because of its enormously rich historical archive of about 40,000 works in Azeri, Turkish, Uzbek, Persian and Arabic. Many of the manuscripts date back to the Middle Ages.
"I was only 22 years old when I began working at the Institute, but I knew that I wanted to devote my life to serious research," Farid says. "I became the first person there to focus on studying medieval medical manuscripts."
Farid approaches his research from a multi-disciplinary point of view, which gives him a broader understanding of the medieval texts. He has a well-rounded education, with a Candidate of Science degree in Biology (1992) [equivalent to a doctorate] and a Doctor of Science in History (1998) [equivalent to a post doctorate degree]. When he studies manuscripts, he is able to analyze them from the point of view of a historian, botanist, biologist, physician, dietitian and linguist. At the Institute, Farid received advice and guidance from a number of mentors, including Dr. Mohsun Naghiyev, Nasib Geyishov and Muzafaddin Azizov. "Dr. Mohsun Naghiyev was head of the Persian department when I first started working at the Institute," Farid says. "He was such a kind, rare person. He knew Persian fluently and helped me from a linguistic point of view by explaining the meanings of words and teaching me how to read the various styles of cursive Arabic script."
Nasib Geyishov, a specialist in poetry and Sufism, shared his immense knowledge of how to translate accurately. "Geyishov was the only person at the Institute who really understood how to read the medieval medical texts," Farid says. "He told me which manuscripts were the most important and advised me on the best medieval and modern dictionaries and catalogues to use. Despite that medicine was not his field of expertise, he helped me read and translate many medical manuscripts."
Calligraphy expert Muzafaddin Azizov taught Farid the essentials of Arabic calligraphy. "Studying the art of calligraphy helped me learn to appreciate the beauty of medieval Eastern culture," Farid says. "Calligraphy is an integral part of Muslim culture, just as it is for the Chinese and Japanese. In the Middle Ages, any educated person had to know how to read calligraphy. I didn't set out to be a professional calligrapher; I simply wanted to learn how to read and write the various Arabic script styles. Thanks to Azizov's help, I can now read the medieval texts written in various calligraphy styles more easily."
Political Stirrings
For many scholars, delving into manuscripts that were written hundreds of years ago can be a welcome distraction from contemporary political issues. But for Farid, the world outside was rapidly changing. "It was the era of Gorbachev's Perestroika, and we felt the fresh air of freedom," he says. "Nearly all of the scientists from the Institute, including me, participated in meetings of the Popular Front, which was demanding independence and a solution to the Karabakh question. In fact, Dr. Abulfaz Aliyev (Elchibey), the chairman of the Popular Front and the future president of Azerbaijan, worked at our Institute. His workspace was right next to my table.
"At the time, some of my friends and elderly relatives warned me: 'be careful! You're working in a very dangerous place - the Institute of Manuscripts. This institution is comprised of an array of anti-Soviet elements, starting with Abulfaz Aliyev himself, whose desk is next to yours!' But I wasn't afraid. On the contrary, I was proud to work beside such a courageous person, even though I often disagreed with the ideas and methods of the Popular Front."
Soviet Censorship
Before Farid started his research, none of the medieval Azeri medical treatises had been investigated, translated or published. Then in 1988, Farid translated Muhammad Yusif Shirvani's "Tibbname" (1712) from old Turkish into both Azeri and Russian. Shirvani had been a palace physician for the Shirvan Shahs.
Once the translation of "Tibbname" was ready for publication, Farid encountered a major problem: the Soviet censors were not giving their approval for publishing it.
"The editor cautioned us: 'this book begins with the words, "Bismillahi rahmani rahim" (In the name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate). Such an invocation is politically and ideologically incorrect because we live in an atheist Soviet state. You must delete all references to Allah from the book. You may retain it in only one or two places, if you agree to type it, not in upper case, but in lower-case letters.'
"My colleagues Akif Farzaliyev and Mammadagha Sultanov and I all felt that this kind of censorship was utter nonsense. How could we possibly modify an historical text? Even though we were not traditional Muslims ourselves, we were scientists and as such, we were not willing to accept alteration of the text.
"Then the editor crossed out part of the book and said: 'We can't publish these chapters because they deal with astrology, alchemy and magic, not about medicine. These are ridiculous superstitious beliefs. We can't mislead our readers.' He still did not seem to grasp the idea that as ancient text this was a historical monument that should not be tampered with.
"The next day, the editor found even more shortcomings with the book. 'We have to remove all of the offensive, crude words from the text,' he announced. 'This medieval author was a shameless person. What terrible words he uses to identify sexual organs! How could you use retain such expressions in the text? Take all of them out. Yes, the Russians in Moscow are used to such vulgar words in their books, but we are still not as "civilized" as they are.'
"After all these corrections, 'Tibbname' became a much smaller book. We were still hoping that it would be published, but it turns out that we were mistaken. Six months later, the editor called us again and said: 'you must exclude these 10 chapters from the book. All of them are about sex. We are a Muslim nation, and we should not read such amoral things. If you want the book to be published, you'll have to remove them.'
"By this time, we were fed up. We told him: 'First of all, if we really are Muslims, why did you remove the word "Allah" from the book? Half a year ago, you said that we lived in an atheist Soviet state. What are you saying now? Secondly, Ibn Sina, Razi and other medieval authors were also Muslims, and they wrote about the treatment of sexual diseases. Furthermore, Prophet Muhammad said many things about sex in his hadiths [collections of wise sayings attributed to Muhammad by his friends after his death]. Are we greater than the Prophet and these writers?' However, the editor did not want to listen to us. Obviously, he was afraid of pressure from his own bosses, both in Baku and Moscow."
As it turns out, the "Tibbname" translation was eventually published, more or less intact with its full text. But not until 1990. Since then, the book has become very popular among the Azerbaijani public, selling more than 50,000 copies in its first edition. This is considered a very large print run for Azerbaijan with its population of 7.5 million at the time. But we succeeded and it marked the first time that Azerbaijanis could read firsthand about their own ancient traditional medicine.
During his research at the Institute of Manuscripts, Farid has uncovered several other rare medical manuscripts that had long been forgotten. These texts were not included in the treasury of books related to Azerbaijan's history; in fact, Farid was the first person ever to include them in the scientific literature of Azerbaijan.
One such text is "Mualijati-munfarida" (Treatment of Separate Medicines) by 18th-century physician Abulhasan Maraghai. In his book, Maraghai describes the treatment methods that were used for all of the commonly known diseases of his time. The title "Separate Medicines" refers to simple medicines that are comprised of only use one compound. Similarly, 17th-century physician Murtuza Gulu Shamlu wrote the book "Khirga" (Apparel of the Sufi) to describe how to treat reproductive disorders. A "khirga" is a humble cloak that was worn by traveling dervishes. Shamlu was the only medieval Azerbaijani author to devote much discussion to this topic (although such books in neighboring Muslim countries were quite common).
Farid has also discovered two Persian medical manuscripts that are not known to exist anywhere else in the world: "Arvah al-ajsad" (Souls of Bodies) by Kamaladdin Kashani (possibly 14th century) and "Zakhira-i Nizamshahi" by Rustam Jurjani (13th century). Both texts are very extensive books on pharmacology, with hundreds of formulas and descriptions of plants. "Zakhira-i Nizamshai" imitates the well-known Eastern pharmaceutical book "Zakhira-i Krarazmshahi" (12th century).
Reading these medieval texts is never easy, even for someone who grew up reading the Arabic script. For one thing, much of the specific medical terminology can be difficult to translate. In order to decipher a certain word, Farid may need to consult a number of different dictionaries, both modern and ancient. "I must be very responsible and precise," he says, "because my readers may try to use these ancient recipes for self-treatment." To help other medical historians decipher the texts, Farid has compiled and published a dictionary of more than 1,400 medieval Azeri pharmacological terms.
Any mistranslation could lead to disastrous results. Farid recalls one colleague who mistakenly translated the phrase "recipe for a depilatory" (getting rid of unwanted hair) as "recipe against baldness." "One day when I was working at the Institute," Farid says, "I heard a scream coming from the corridor. When I stepped outside, I saw a completely hairless man grabbing the throat of the translator. As it turns out, he was someone who did research at the Institute and who had only a mild case of baldness. He had bought the book, prepared the formula and applied it to his head before falling asleep. The next morning, all of his hair had fallen out! He was so enraged that he came to our Institute with the book in his hands so he could hit the translator with it."
Right now, one of Farid's goals is to gradually reintroduce the findings of medieval doctors. "Unfortunately, we have no laboratory at our Institute to really investigate the potential of these plants and substances," Farid says. "Medical institutions in Azerbaijan are still facing an economic crisis so they are unable to collaborate. So, not all of these herbs have been tested scientifically yet.
"We can benefit from the wisdom of our ancestors," he continues. "The secret is to find out what they were thinking and then to test it out. Once these substances have been clinically tested, we can start to include them in the armory of modern medicine."
To read articles by Farid Alakbarli in English and Azeri Latin, visit AZERI.org, which includes more than 20 of his articles plus six "Scientific Tales for Children". Farid currently has an article, "Aromatic Baths of the Ancients," published in the U.S. journal HerbalGram (No. 59). See HerbalGram.com.
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How Do You Spell Hanukkah? There's Way More Than One Correct Answer So It's All Good!
Dec. 18 2022, Published 12:57 p.m. ET
There are a lot of fun facts some folks may not know about Hanukkah. For instance, Jews enjoy fried food during the eight-day celebration on purpose, to commemorate the oil that lasted that amount of time back when the temple was rededicated in Jerusalem.
Also, there are many, many ways to spell Hanukkah correctly. And the reason behind this is super interesting. Let's dive into why you're in the clear if you spell Hanukkah in over 20 — yes, you read that right — different ways.
How do you spell Hanukkah? Here's why the answer isn't as straightforward as you'd imagine.
Hanukkah is the Jewish holiday that commemorates the rededication of the Second Temple of Jerusalem, per Britannica. The occasion is celebrated by lighting a menorah after sundown on eight nights, and exchanging money or gifts — as well as eating fried foods like potato latkes.
As far as the spelling of Hanukkah, believe it or not, according to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 24 different versions of the holiday's name are actually correct. How is that possible?
Well, the reason has to do with the Hebrew alphabet, which is not based on Latin characters like we use in English. The Hebrew spelling of the holiday is חֲנֻכָּה. That first letter of the alphabet is called chet and is pronounced more like an "h" sound than a "ch" sound — which is why the spelling Hanukkah, based on transliteration of the Hebrew alphabet, has become popularized, versus Chanukah, which is also correct.
In fact, you can spell the holiday in the following ways, and still be right, based on historical spellings: Hanukkah, Chanucha, Chanuchah, Hanuca, Hanucka, Chanuca, Chanucah, Chanucca, Chanuccah, Chanuka, Chanukah, Chanukka, Chanukkah, Hanucah, Hanucca, Hanuccah, Hanucha, Hanuckah, Hanuka, Hanukah, Hanukka, Hanukkah, Khanukah, Khanukka, and Khanukkah, per Merriam-Webster.
The bottom line is that most experts agree the most important thing is not how you spell the holiday, but how it is pronounced, with a more guttural sound like clearing the throat at the beginning of the word. And, according to Chabad.org, that the holiday is observed and enjoyed by families each and every year is more significant than anything else.
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La Reliance Infrastructure, nata con il nome di Bombay Suburban Electric Supply (BSES) e rinominata Reliance Energy Limited nel 2002, al momento dell'entrata in borsa. La società appartiene al gruppo Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group e lo stesso Anil Ambani (uno degli uomini più ricchi del mondo) l'amministra personalmente. L'azienda si occupa di produrre e vendere energia elettrica ed è una delle maggiori aziende del paese nel suo campo.

Collegamenti esterni

Aziende indiane

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Delivering Cyber Technology Excellence and Innovation to Protect the Homeland.
Cyber threats, today, are more complex and more sophisticated than ever before. Cyber attacks pose risks to homeland security and nation's economy that have far-reaching impact and implications that may not currently be realized. We need the best and the brightest cyber experts to support the mission to protect and defend the country against cyber warfare.
Information Security Solutions provides world-class cyber security, information security, and cyber intelligence services and solutions that enable clients to detect and defend against cyber threats to their critical network infrastructures, and establish network stability and resilience that will endure.
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Our cyber security professionals are highly trained and empowered to deliver the most advanced cyber security services and solutions to clients.
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Need help navigating RL earnings?
Ralph Lauren (NYSE: RL) is projected to report its Q4 earnings at $1.63 per share on revenue of $1.83 billion.
The E. W. Scripps Company (NYSE: SSP) is estimated to report a Q1 loss at $0.13 per share on revenue of $201.55 million.
Sirona Dental Systems (NASDAQ: SIRO) is projected to report its Q2 earnings at $0.78 per share on revenue of $274.37 million.
Alcatel-Lucent (NYSE: ALU) is expected to post a Q1 loss at $0.07 per share on revenue of $4.30 billion.
TETRA Technologies (NYSE: TTI) is estimated to report its Q1 earnings at $0.05 per share on revenue of $217.56 million.
Bloomin' Brands (NASDAQ: BLMN) is projected to report its Q1 earnings at $0.47 per share on revenue of $1.16 billion.
Ebix (NASDAQ: EBIX) is expected to report its Q1 earnings at $0.36 per share on revenue of $51.50 million.
UCP (NYSE: UCP) is estimated to post a Q1 loss at $0.01 per share on revenue of $19.73 million.
EchoStar (NASDAQ: SATS) is projected to report its Q1 earnings at $0.03 per share on revenue of $838.44 million.
Stratasys (NASDAQ: SSYS) is estimated to report its Q1 earnings at $0.40 per share on revenue of $143.31 million.
South Jersey Industries (NYSE: SJI) is projected to post its Q1 earnings at $1.82 per share.
Wausau Paper (NYSE: WPP) is expected to post a Q1 loss at $0.01 per share on revenue of $81.92 million.
William Lyon Homes (NYSE: WLH) is projected to report its Q1 earnings at $0.15 per share on revenue of $124.42 million.
Magnum Hunter Resources (NYSE: MHR) is expected to report a Q1 loss at $0.16 per share on revenue of $96.43 million.
Chiquita Brands International (NYSE: CQB) is estimated to report its Q1 earnings at $0.14 per share on revenue of $773.40 million.
Progenics Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ: PGNX) is expected to post a Q1 loss at $0.15 per share on revenue of $2.88 million.
Lentuo International (NYSE: LAS) is projected to report its Q1 results.
Broadridge Financial Solutions (NYSE: BR) is expected to report its Q3 earnings at $0.40 per share on revenue of $593.31 million.
ArcelorMittal (NYSE: MT) is estimated to report its Q1 results.
Horizon Pharma (NASDAQ: HZNP) is projected to report its Q1 earnings at $0.01 per share on revenue of $42.69 million.


So very sorry for you loss. We will miss Ted's smile and especially his music in the halls at Woodhall!
Sue,, John and family and the Sparrow family, our sincere sympathy and condolence on the loss of your Father. Our thoughts and prayers are with you.
Very sorry to hear of your father's passing. Ted (& Joyce) were not only long-time neighbours and friends of my parents Lily (& John) in Bolton and when they spent winter months in Florida, up until the time he moved away. Regretably, we lost contact with one another.
Ted was very kind hearted person, a true gentleman. One who enjoyed sharing stories, his passion for music playing the piano and always up for a good game of golf!
May you all find comfort in the many wonderful memories your family has shared. Knowing he will be truly missed by all that knew him. On behalf of my mother and myself, our deepest heartfelt condolences to all of the Sparrow family.
So sad to hear that Edgar passed away.


Before the first phase of elections began in the country, a meeting took place between the prominent leaders of BJP at BJP's Lucknow office. The meeting got over by morning. Some of the names of the leaders, who attended the meeting are Sunil Bansal; CM Yogi; Deputy CMs Dinesh Sharma and Keshav P Maurya; and Mahendra Pandey. Led by Amit Shah, this meeting is considered as a serious meeting as after it got over, he said that he doesn't have energy to even go his room in the hotel and asked for arranging a bed for him there. It seems they are all betting on Ger-Jatav, Ger Yadav and Jaat Voters.


Stuart Drummond has been a wonderful fellow enthusiast as well as tremendously helpful as I ordered and picked up my recent Boxster GTS. I think I could spend all day learning from Stuart's experience and hearing the details about Porsche in it's many forms. Stuart makes the sales experience engaging and allows it to proceed at your own pace, and I never plan to buy a future Porsche from anyone else.
Vincent Ho, along with the entire Pfaff Porsche team, provided the ultimate sales and after sales experience! Thank You!
Fantastic cars, first class service, and above all, wonderful people who work as a team to ensure complete satisfaction.
Very welcoming, proffesional staff I could t say enough great things about everyone there! Overall a great place if your looking for a Porsche I wouldn't recommend anywhere else but Pfaff! I must say the younger staff such as Receptionist, sales assistants, parts deparement and so on are very great people and very proffesinonal! Always a great time at the dealer ship whether I'm getting a car serviced or just simply browsing everyone is very welcoming and great management team I would say as well! Over all if your gonna drive a high performance luxury automobile I would say to drive anything but PFAFF! Keep up the great work!
We enjoyed building our car with Jay-R Tamber. If it wasn't for him, we would have chosen the 18-way seats vs the 14-way and would have completely regretted that decision. Jay-R's insistence on trying out the different seats saved the day. He was patient throughout the process and gave useful expert advice. He knew the product extremely well and was extremely helpful and pleasant to deal with. I would definitely recommend Jay-R and Pfaff team. The entire experience was very pleasant.
What an exceptional service we received from Jay-R Tamber! So impressive! We had very bad experience with one of the sale person in same location, and Jay-R took over and did his very best to please us with incredible customer service. He went through each part of our sale agreement, explained everything and made very valuable suggestion. I am extremely happy with my Porsche Macan! Thank you dear Jay-R, you went above and beyond, very much appreciated!
Thank you so much to both Pfaff and Jay-R Tamber for the amazing Customer Service from the minute my husband and I reached out to inquire about a new Porsche to the day we picked it up. It was hands down the best experience we have had, the sheer knowledge of the vehicle, the patience to walk through all options and the follow up are why we will come back again!! Thanks again for an amazing experience.
I have had the pleasure and privilege to own several Porsche vehicles and without hesitation my go to salesperson has always been Jay-R Tamber. His knowledge, professionalism and integrity (yes that is correct "integrity") have been consistently exemplary. But then these adjectives are also representative of all departments at Pfaff Porsche. On all occasions I truly felt that Jay-R was more focused on cultivating a relationship with me rather than trying to ever force a sale upon me. Given all the choices one has with Porsches, which can be a daunting and overwhelming task, he really he took the time to get to know me and make the process easier and very pleasant. I always felt he has been candid and upfront in all our dealings. However, even more impressive, is the after sales experience that he provides even to this day. I still go to him with any and all queries, which he addresses with the same consistent courtesy and professionalism. An absolute pleasure to deal with and know Jay-R. Well done!
This letter is for the exceptional service Matt Arruda provided me on the purchase of my brand new Porsche 911. In my opinion, the level of service extended to me was far beyond my expectations. I was so impressed by the support and service provided by Matt that I felt compelled to go on record with my praise. He truly deserve it. Too often, superior service from associates go unrecognized and unrewarded. While dissatisfied customers are quick to complain, few happy customers take the time to offer praise. Appreciation letters, are for the most part the primary source of recognition for these outstanding employees. What particularly impressed me about the level of service provided by Matt was the willingness to go the "extra mile". Matt made every effort of accommodating my needs and wishes. Whatever was convenient for the customer - "consider it done". In your website, you state "it's never been about making quotas or moving metal.............it's about building relationships." It appears that he was simply following PFAFF commitment to excellence in customer service and support. PFAFF is a world class dealership with first class facility and exceptional people. You have much to be proud of.
This is the fourth vehicle I have purchased from Pfaff Porsche. Stuart Drummond has made every vehicle purchase incredible!! He goes out of his way to see that you get what you want and his attention to detail on a factory order vehicle is unlike anyone I have ever dealt with. This Macan S we just purchased is my 60th vehicle I believe he has won my business for all my future vehicles. Stuart thank you. Kurt in service has been great for all my service needs on my multiple visits with first my Cayenne S, then my 991 and he will be the one I contact for the new Macan when needed. Excellent dealership, all friendly people there. It is like they all know me and even though I deal with Stuart they all are happy to talk Porsche!!!!!!
Walked in for service without an appointment on a weekend. They accommodated and got the job done (reprogrammed keys and reset locks). Thanks Joe and Jerome .
Now that I'm ready for my first Porsche after having owned many other German made cars, I was fortunate to have met Jay-R Tamber. He thoroughly explained the advantages and benefits of purchasing from a well established company like Pfaff. Jay-R and I very patiently discussed my daily driving needs and performance requirements I longed for. I believed his natural keen sense of knowledge about Porsche and other high performance cars is of someone well beyond his years. Jays' honesty, commitment and professionalism are rare traits nowadays in our ever changing society. Thanks Jay-R!
The most exciting experience ever was going for a test drive with Porsche Sales John Nickleford!! I was so pleased with the performance and handling of the Boxster S and decided that day I want one, John did an amazing job to fulfill all my needs and requirements on my trade in and went ahead with Boxster S in the showroom. The next exciting moment was delivery of my new car from John Nickleford, he not only made it special with gifts, but by adding the service maintenance schedule was fantastic and made my day. I really appreciate everything John did from sales to delivery making it an unforgettable experience and I will be a long term customer as well as my family wife and boys.
I would like to thank Chris Redman for his fantastic service on the selling and deliverey of my car .You are a true pro. Also thanks to Manager John and Amanda.
I have wanted a Porsche since I was old enough to read Road & Track, Car & Drive and Automobile. The Boxster S is my first Porsche. Stuart Drummond made the entire experience an engaging one. Stuart is not only enthusiastic about Porsche and Pfaff but he has incredible product knowledge. I wouldn't consider purchasing a Porsche from anyone else. Thank you Stuart!
I do some of the maintenance on my Porsche myself and it can be tricky finding the parts I need online. I've started to realize that not only are Pfaff Porsche's prices pretty decent but the service is second to none. I emailed about some parts but getting there after work can be tricky. I just needed an oil filter for a Cayenne and Michael Romaniuk not only offered to stay late for me to pick it up but actually emailed me when he didn't see me to ask if I needed him to wait for me. That right there is small shop service from a big time dealer. Fantastic!


text:
Q: Displaying an UIViewController that is not present in UITabBarController's controller list Let me give an example what about what I want to do:
I have a tab that has 4 TabBarItems, so it contains 4 controllers. And there is a controller that must not get shown up in tab bar's icons, but it will get shown when a button inside one of these 4 controllers are touched. So when it get's shown, the tabbar must not have any selected tabs, every item must be deselected. It must be like a ghost controller that is not shown in tab icons but it's actually a controller that's in tab bar controller.
What's the best way to achieve this? Fyi, I don't want a modal dialog, the tabbar must always be visible underneath.

A: One thing which might help is knowing when a transition between tabs is happening.  If you display your ghost view as soon as the transition happens, you might have enough control to do what you want.
Here's how I do that: first, sub-class UITabBarController to TabViewController (for example).  In your TabViewController, include this method:
// Pass this message on to views so they know when transitions are occuring
- (void)tabBarController:(UITabBarController *)tabBarController didSelectViewController:(UIViewController *)viewController {

    UIViewController <UITabBarControllerDelegate> *obj;

    for ( obj in self.viewControllers ) {
        if ( [obj respondsToSelector:_cmd] ) {
            [obj tabBarController:tabBarController didSelectViewController:viewController];
        }
    }
}

Set each of your tabbed view classes to adopt the UITabBarControllerDelegate protocol.  Then, include a method like this in each class to "intercept" the transition events:
// This is called when a transition between tabs happens
- (void)tabBarController:(UITabBarController *)tabBarController didSelectViewController:(UIViewController *)viewController {

    if ( [viewController isEqual:self] ) {
        // Transitioning to me

        // Do stuff
   }

    else  {
        // Transitioning to someone else

        // Do stuff
    }
}

(note: there might be cleaner ways of implementing this, but it's been working fine for me...)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Apps have been around for a while now but it was interesting to read the BBC's article that "Banking by mobile App 'to overtake online by 2019." This is certainly a change in the way we are using software and relates to our tip "What is happening to Software?". In that tip we predicted that Apps and also Software as a Service (SaaS) would be the way forward for the future. It certainly seems from the BBC's report that this is the trend and it is likely to continue for some time ahead. Is your business ready to use or produce software in this way?


text:
The Best Attractions In Kinder
Coushatta Casino Resort
Kids Quest and Cyber Quest at Coushatta Casino
The Myrtles Plantation
Rosedown Plantation State Historic Site
Shangri La Botanical Gardens and Nature Center
Rip Van Winkle Gardens
Kinder is a small town in Allen Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 2,477 at the 2010 census.The Lieutenant Douglas B. Fournet Memorial Park, an American Legion enterprise, was dedicated on June 11, 1988, in Kinder to remember those who died in military service to the nation. Kinder was the birthplace of the late Mayor J. Rayburn Bertrand of Lafayette, who served from 1960 to 1972 and presided over the near doubling of the municipal population. Kinder is home to Coushatta Casino Resort, the largest casino resort in Louisiana. The resort includes Koasati Pines, an 18-hole par 72 championship layout golf course. Kinder is home to manufac...
Casino Entertainment Center Fun & Games Garden Historic Sites Landmark Nature The Best Tourist Spot Water Body Wildlife Area Zoos & Aquariums
1. Coushatta Casino Resort Kinder
The Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana is one of three federally recognized tribes of Koasati people. They are located in Allen and Jefferson Davis Parishes, Louisiana. The tribe hosts an annual pow wow during the second weekend in July.
2. Kids Quest and Cyber Quest at Coushatta Casino Kinder
3. The Myrtles Plantation Saint Francisville
This is a list of locations in the United States which have been reported to be haunted by ghosts or other supernatural beings, including demons. States with several haunted locations are listed on separate pages, linked from this page.
4. Rip Van Winkle Gardens New Iberia
5. Rosedown Plantation State Historic Site Saint Francisville
Rosedown Plantation State Historic Site is an 8,000-square-foot historic home and former plantation located in St. Francisville, Louisiana, United States. Built in 1835 by cotton planters Daniel and Martha Turnbull, it is one of the most documented and intact plantation complexes in the South and is known for its extensive formal gardens surrounding the house.
6. Lake Martin Breaux Bridge
7. Alexandria Zoological Park Alexandria Louisiana
The Alexandria Zoological Park is a 33-acre zoo located in Alexandria, Louisiana, United States. First opened to the public in 1926, it is owned by the City of Alexandria and operated by the Division of Public Works. It is home to about 500 animals. The zoo was started in 1926 in Bringhurst Park as a row of cages. When the United States Department of Agriculture threatened to close the zoo in the 1960s, the city created the committee that is now Friends of the Alexandria Zoo , the support organization for the zoo. The zoo is accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums and takes part in about 20 Species Survival Plans .
8. Shangri La Botanical Gardens and Nature Center Orange Texas
Shangri La Botanical Gardens and Nature Center are private botanical gardens and a nature preserve located in the center of Orange, Texas. H. J. Lutcher Stark began work on Shangri La in 1942. His azalea gardens first opened to the public in 1946, but in the mid-1950s they were destroyed by very cold weather. The area was subsequently closed to the public and maintained on a very limited scale. It was then bequeathed by Nelda C. Stark to the Nelda C. and H. J. Lutcher Stark Foundation , which has been working to restore the botanical gardens and create a nature center. Shangri La contains a mixed deciduous forest, cypress tupelo swamp, wetlands, and a large lake. Many of its trees were heavily damaged or destroyed by Hurricane Rita in September 2005. The formal Botanical Gardens contain mo...
Kinder Videos
Visit America - The DON'Ts of Visiting The USA
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Whether heading to New York, Washington, California or Chicago there are some general DON'Ts of visiting the USA. This video goes over the major things you should not do in the US. From touching the Americans, to not discussing certain topics, to how not to miss out on the food & culture the US has on offer.
This video is designed to teach travelers about the American culture and cultural differences and norms that may be found throughout the US. So if you are going to be visiting the USA, then this is a video you should watch so you better understand how Americans think, act and react in day to day settings.
Filmed in Mystic CT, USA - pictures from all over the United States.
Copyright Mark Wolters 2017
10 Things That Will SHOCK You About the USA
The Don'ts of Visiting Russia
The Don'ts of Visiting Germany
Tipping in the US Explained
Why Do Americans Ask How Are You? But Don't Want to Hear the Answer?
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Duafire Travel Adapter: helps you plug into most countries plugs around the world.
Travel Strip: One plug for your normal device, four USB plugs as well, it saves a lot of trouble and outlets when you travel.
Backup Battery Pack: Essential for travelers wanting to have a backup batter charge for their phones, cameras, and devices.
Hey There Fellow Travelers! Thank you for watching our honest travel vlogs from all over this wonderful world. If you would like to get in contact with us please follow us & send us a message via our social media channels below. Also, if you like our travel videos please feel free to share them with other fellow travelers.
6 Safety Tips for Visiting America - Visit The USA
The US is a safe country to visit for tourists, however there are some issues you may not have thought about when visiting New York, New Orleans or Chicago. This video focuses on safety advice for vacationers traveling around America.
#1. Watch out for taxi drivers that take tourists for a ride.
#2. Prescription Medicine Disappearing
#3. Being in the Wrong Place at the Wrong Time
#4. Aggressive Beggars
#5. Credit Card Scams
#6. Rental car break ins
Filmed in Savannah, Georgia
The Don'ts of Visiting The USA
10 Things That SHOCK Tourists When They Visit America
Sony Alpha a6000 Digital Camera. Great for Capturing Amazing Photos and HD Video.
GoPro Hero4: Digital Camera for On The Go Fun in 4K
SanDisk Extreme Pro 64 GB - SD Disk: For Saving All The Video Footage Without Having to Switch Chips
Video Editing Software: Sony Movie Studio 13 - Fast, Easy & Affordable to Make Great Videos at a Great Price
Tripod - Manfrotto Compact Travel Tripod - The Size to Travel, but the Sturdiness of a Professional Tripod
For More Travel Gear & Accessories Visit Our Amazon Travel Gear Shop
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American Inn of Kinder - Kinder Hotels, Louisiana
American Inn of Kinder 2 Stars Hotel in Kinder, Louisiana Within US Travel Directory This Kinder, Louisiana motel is 80 minutes' drive northwest of Central Lafayette and 40 minutes' from Louisiana State University.
It features spacious rooms with free Wi-Fi and serves a daily breakfast.
Cable TV and tea- and coffee-making facilities are standard in every simply furnished room at the American Inn of Kinder.
All rooms include air conditioning and a telephone with free local calls.
Fax and copy services are available at the 24/7 front desk.
Parking is free on site.
Coushatta Casino is 10 minutes' drive from the Kinder American Inn.
Koasati Golf Club is 11.
3 km away.
Location in : 14734 Highway 165 , LA 70648, Kinder, Louisiana
Booking now :
Hotels list and More information visit U.S. Travel Directory
USA Hotels List YouTube Channel :
#Kinder_Hotels #Louisiana #USTravelDirectory
Dallas Vacation Travel Guide | Expedia
Welcome to Dallas, also called "The Big D," part of the Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington metroplex of 6.5 million people.
Whether you're looking for arts, technology, or culture, a Dallas tour has a little bit of everything. Stroll through the Dallas Museum of Art and the Nasher Sculpture Center to take in their creative works, followed by a trip up to the top of the Reunion Tower for a breathtaking view of the city.
If you have an affinity for living beings, you Dallas sightseeing must include the underwater passages of the Dallas World Aquarium. Don't worry – it also has an entire section devoted to creatures of dry land, so make sure you check out the Jungle Walk. You can also scream your way through over 100 rides at Six Flags, or explore the history of the cowboy way at Pioneer Plaza.
A fine Texas day comes to an end with steak, dancing, and mingling with friendly locals who have hearts as big as the state itself.
Visit our Dallas travel guide page for more information or to plan your next vacation!
Follow us on our travel blog, Viewfinder:
Road Trip #354 - US-190 West - I-49, Opelousas to LA-13, Eunice Louisiana
We continue our US-190 series from 2+ years ago, heading west, beginning in Opelousas, Louisana, through the community of Lawtell, and finishing in Eunice. This entire video is in St. Landry Parish.
Music from the YouTube Audio Library.
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Facts and information in our videos come from Wikipedia and other sources, and may or may not be factual.
Inn at Coushatta in Kinder LA
Rates: . . .. .. ... . .. .. ... . .. .. .. Inn at Coushatta 777 Coushatta Drive Kinder LA 70648 The Inn at Coushatta features a full casino with table games and offers free Wi-Fi in all areas. This hotel is just off Highway 165 and features the Koasati Pines Golf Course on site. Tea- and coffee-making facilities are provided in every standard room of this Kinder hotel and casino. Cable TV is also included and guests will enjoy a work desk in all rooms. A business center is on site at the Inn at Coushatta and the hotel also provides a free shuttle service. Guests can access a 24-hour front desk or refuel with snacks and drinks from the vending machines. This hotel features 6 on-site restaurants, including the Big Sky Steak House and the Seven Clans Buffet. The Terrace Cafe is also on site and serves a lighter menu. Downtown Kinder and the Allen Parish Hospital are both a 10 minute drive from this hotel. Louisiana State University is 30 miles away.
Philadelphia Vacation Travel Guide | Expedia
Welcome to Philadelphia, considered the birthplace of the United States.
The Declaration of Independence was written and read publicly here in 1776. When you tour Philadelphia, you'll get a sense of the history that permeates the city through its numerous monuments, symbols, and other landmarks, such as the First Bank of the United States and the warship USS Olympia. Don't forget to stop by the Liberty Bell and the remains of the Eastern State Penitentiary, which housed notorious criminals like Al Capone.
You don't need a car to enjoy your Philadelphia sightseeing; take public transportation or rent a bike to explore the city streets at your leisure. Fairmount Park is the perfect place for a stroll, and if you've got kids, bring them to the Please Touch Museum, where they can enjoy interactive exhibits and displays that will educate and entertain. If you've still got some energy after that, visit the Philadelphia Zoo and make friends with some of the animals. Don't forget to sample some of the delicious food available in Philadelphia, particularly the fresh goods and cooked meals at the Italian Market.
From culinary delicacies to historical importance, Philadelphia truly has it all.
Visit our Philadelphia travel guide page for more information or to plan your next vacation!
Washington D.C. Vacation Travel Guide | Expedia
Take in the many splendors of the nation's capital when you arrive at Washington, D.C.
Your Washington, D.C. tour should start at the National Mall, where you'll find monuments, memorials, and government buildings instead of tons of shopping. If you'd like to get around town easily but don't want to rent a car, the Capital Bikeshare program will let you cruise around the city without wasting gas or getting stuck in traffic.
Check out the Watergate Hotel and Kennedy Center when you stop at Foggy Bottom, then move on to Georgetown, the oldest district in D.C. It's filled with 18th-century buildings and, of course, the university itself. After a stop at the National Cathedral, make your way to the Smithsonian National Zoo, the perfect stop for the young and the young at heart.
If you're feeling the need to channel your inner 007, go to the International Spy Museum, and learn about the covert operations and intelligence agencies that have shaped the world we live in. Of course, you can't enjoy any Washington, D.C., tourism without admiring the White House, so make sure that's on your list too.
Visit our Washington, D.C., travel guide page for more information or to plan your next vacation!
ACAPULCO, MEXICO - Hola amigos and welcome back! I'm taking a break from life in Mexico and I've headed to Acapulco, Guerrero on the south coast of Mexico for an actual vacation to celebrate 10,000 subscribers, one year in Mexico and most of all, my 37th birthday!
This video is a brief overview of my FIRST IMPRESSIONS of Acapulco after a couple of days of being there. It is not a comprehensive guide to Acapulco, so before you leave any retarded comments such as But you just walked down a street and left, or But you didn't do this/go there - this is the FIRST video of a series of videos in Acapulco so there will be more to come! Comprende?
Acapulco is often considered as one of the most dangerous cities in the world and the most dangerous city in Mexico, with tourists discouraged from visiting due to rising crime levels over the last decade. But let's see for ourselves shall we!
Coming up are videos from the Zocalo area some local seafood, La Laja and more! Don't expect typical tourist activities like boat trips and diving, that's not what I'm here for.
MUSIC - Playing at the Beach - Isobelle Walton (Epidemic Sound)
Alexandria Area
Arnaudville
Baton Rouge Area
Braithwaite
Charenton
Cloutierville
Dequincy
Dry Prong
Epps
Florien
Greater River Road
Houma-Thibodaux-Grand Isle Area
Keithville
Lacassine
Lafayette Area
Lafayette Parish
Lake Charles Area
Lake Providence
Monroe-Ruston Area
Napoleonville
Natchitoches-Winnfield Area
New Iberia-Morgan City Area
New Orleans Plantation Country
Northshore Area
Port Sulphur
Saint Francisville
Schriever
Shreveport-Bossier City Area
Toledo Bend-Lake Country Area
Attractions In Kinder
Casino Attractions In Kinder Entertainment Center Attractions In Kinder Fun & Games Attractions In Kinder Garden Attractions In Kinder Historic Sites Attractions In Kinder Landmark Attractions In Kinder Nature Attractions In Kinder The Best Attractions In Kinder Tourist Spot Attractions In Kinder Water Body Attractions In Kinder Wildlife Area Attractions In Kinder Zoos & Aquariums Attractions In Kinder


For customers with data volume requirements ranging from megabytes to gigabytes, such as real-time surveillance or high-volume metering and telemetry.
management, debugging and configuration options. Using robust and lightweight hardware, BGAN M2M enables a wide range of M2M applications.
BGAN M2M is accessible across the globe except in the extreme polar regions.
Send data using BGAN Standard IP at a rate of up to 448kbps with a low latency from 800* milliseconds, assuring real-time visibility of critical data.
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BGAN M2M is accessed through a range of certified terminals for mobile and fixed use, providing remote management and performance options to suit different operational needs.
Operates over our global satellite and ground network, with 99.9 per cent availability and an operational lifespan expected well into the 2020s.
Free firmware upgrade over the Inmarsat-4 network, so field personnel do not have to be deployed to visit remote sites to perform the task.
Low hardware costs with subscription-based price plans, no minimum connection fee and minimum billing increments.
* Please note latency is dependent on the end-to-end routeing and this figure cannot be guaranteed.


text:
Journal of Media Critiques [JMC]
• CALL FOR PAPERS
• User Registration
• Author Guidelines
• Manuscript Format
• Article Template
• Review Process
• Abstracting/Indexing
• Editor-in-Chief
• Editorial Team
Abstracting/Indexing
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of Organized Research (I2OR)
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Home > Vol 3, No 10 (2017) >	Benjamin
PRIVACY AS A CULTURAL PHENOMENON
Garfield Benjamin
Privacy remains both contentious and ever more pertinent in contemporary society. Yet it persists as an ill-defined term, not only within specific fields but in its various uses and implications between and across technical, legal and political contexts. This article offers a new critical review of the history of privacy in terms of two dominant strands of thinking: freedom and property. These two conceptions of privacy can be seen as successive historical epochs brought together under digital technologies, yielding increasingly complex socio-technical dilemmas. By simplifying the taxonomy to its socio-cultural function, the article provides a generalisable, interdisciplinary approach to privacy. Drawing on new technologies, historical trends, sociological studies and political philosophy, the article presents a discussion of the value of privacy as a term, before proposing a defense of the term cyber security as a mode of scalable cognitive privacy that integrates the relative needs of individuals, governments and corporations.
Privacy, information technology, digital culture, social media, communications.
Abadi, M. & Andersen, D. 2016. Learning to Protect Communications with Adversarial Neural Cryptography. Arxiv (Under review as a conference paper at ICLR 2017), 1-15. 21 October 2016. https://arxiv.org/abs/1610.06918
Assange, J. 2006. Conspiracy as Governance. Iq 3 December 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20070129125831/http://iq.org:80/conspiracies.pdf
Bambauer, D. 2013. Privacy versus security. The Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology 103(3), 667-683.
Blank, G., Bolsover, G. & Dubois, E. 2014. A New Privacy Paradox: Young people and privacy on social network sites. Global Cyber Security Capacity Centre: Draft Working Paper, 1-33.
Bard, A. & Söderqvist, J. 2012. The Futurica Trilogy: The Netocrats. Stockholm: Stockholm Text.
Barlow, J.P. 1996. A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace. 9 February 1996. https://w2.eff.org/Censorship/Internet_censorship_bills/barlow_0296.declaration
Choi, M.H.K. 2016. Like. Flirt. Ghost: A Journey into the Social Media Lives of Teens. 25 August 2016. https://www.wired.com/2016/08/how-teens-use-social-media/
DeCew, J. 2013. Privacy. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 9 August 2013. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/privacy
de Londras, F. 2014. Privatized counter-?terrorist surveillance. Constitutionalism undermined. In F. Davis, N. McGarrity and G. Williams, (eds.), Surveillance, Counter-?Terrorism and Comparative Constitutionalism. Abingdon: Routledge, 59–72.
Doctorow, C. 2007. Scroogled. Craphound (Radar October 2007) http://craphound.com/scroogled.html
Doctorow, C.. 2016. The Privacy Wars Are About to Get a Whole Lot Worse. Locus Online 4 September 2016. http://www.locusmag.com/Perspectives/2016/09/cory-doctorowthe-privacy-wars-are-about-to-get-a-whole-lot-worse/
Fenster, M. in Ellis, E.G. 2016. WikiLeaks Has Officially Lost the Moral High Ground. Wired. 27 July 2016. https://www.wired.com/2016/07/wikileaks-officially-lost-moral-high-ground/?mbid=social_twitter
Floridi, L. 1999. Information ethics: On the philosophical foundation of computer ethics. Ethics and Information Technology 1(1), 37-56.
Foucault, M. 1991. Discipline and Punish. London: Penguin
Fuchs, C. 2011. Towards an Alternative Concept of Privacy. Journal of Information, Communication & Ethics in Society 9(4), 220-237.
Guattari, F. 2013 [1989]. Schizoanalytic Cartographies. London: Bloomsbury.
Gunkel, D. 2009. Beyond mediation: thinking the computer otherwise. Interactions: Studies in Communication and Culture 1(1), 53-70.
Gunkel, D. 2012. The Machine Question: Critical Perspectives on AI, RObots, and Ethics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Halbert, D. 2016. Intellectual property theft and national security: Agendas and assumptions. The Information Society: An International Journal 32(4), 256-268.
Jameson, F. 2005. Archaeologies of the Future: The Desire Called Utopia and Other Science Fictions. London: Verso.
Johns Hopkins University. 2014. The Johns Hopkins Foreign Affairs Symposium Presents: The Price of Privacy: Re-Evaluating the NSA. youtube 7 April 2014. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kV2HDM86XgI
Kwecka, Z., Buchanan, W., Schafer, B. and Rauhofer, J. 2014. "I am Spartacus": privacy enhancing technologies, collaborative obfuscation and privacy as a public good. Artificial Intelligence Law 22, 113-139.
Lacan, J. 1977. The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psycho-Analysis. London: Hogarth.
Li, Y., Kobsa, A., Knijnenburg, B. & Nguyen, M.C. 2017. Cross-Cultural Privacy Prediction. Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2, 93-112.
Liang, H., Shen, F., & Fu, K. 2016. Privacy protection and self-disclosure across societies: A study of global Twitter users. New Media & Society, 1-22.
Liu, J., Ryan, M.D. & Chen, L. 2014. Balancing Societal Security and Individual Privacy: Accountable Escrow System. IEEE 27th Computer Security Foundations Symposium, 427-440.
Livingstone, S. & Sefton-Green, J. 2016. The Class: Living and Learning in the Digital Age. New York: NYU Press.
MacKinnon, C. 1989. Toward a Feminist Theory of the State. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Mamonov, S. & Koufaris, M. 2016. The impact of exposure to news about electronic government surveillance on concerns about government intrusion, privacy self-efficacy, and privacy protective behavior. Journal of Information Privacy and Security 12(2), 56-67.
McLuhan, M. 2001 [1964]. Understanding Media. Abingdon: Routledge.
Millham, M.H., & Atkin, D. 2016. Managing the virtual boundaries: Online social networks, disclosure, and privacy behaviors. New Media & Society, 1-18.
Ojanen, T. 2016. Rights-Based Review of Electronic Surveillance after Digital Rights Ireland and Schrems in the European Union. In D. Cole, F. Fabbrini and S. Schulhofer (eds.). Surveillance, Privacy and Trans-Atlantic Relations. Oxford: Hart, 13-30.
Proudhon, P.J. 2007 [1851]. The General Idea of the Revolution in the Nineteenth Century. New York: Cosimo.
Proudhon, P.J. 2014 [1840]. What is Property? An Inquiry into the Principle of Right and of Government. Createspace.
Safronova, V. 2015. On Fake Instagram, a Chance to Be Real. New York Times. 18 November 2015. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/19/fashion/instagram-finstagram-fake-account.html?smid=pl-share&_r=0
Sager, M. 2007. Andy Grove: What I've Learned. Esquire. 29 January 2007. http://www.esquire.com/entertainment/interviews/a1449/learned-andy-grove-0500/
Schneier, B. 2003. Beyond Fear: Thinking Sensibly About Security in an Uncertain World. New York: Copernicus.
Schneier, B. 2012. Liars and Outliers: Enabling the Trust that Society Needs to Thrive. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons.
Schneier, B. 2015. Data and Goliath: The Hidden Battles to Collect Your Data and Control Your World. New York: W.W. Norton.
Schneier, B. 2016. By November, Russian hackers could target voting machines. Washington Post 27 July 2016. https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2016/07/27/by-november-russian-hackers-could-target-voting-machines/?utm_term=.471a6a2c3dc1
Scholz, L.H.. 2016. Privacy as Quasi-Property. Iowa Law Review 101, 1113-1141.
Solove, D. 2006. A Taxonomy of Privacy. University of Pennsylvania Law Review 154(3), 477-564,
Solove, D. 2008. Understanding Privacy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Tapscott, D. & Tapscott, A. 2016. The Impact of the Blockchain Goes Beyond Financial Services. Harvard Business Review 10 May 2016. https://hbr.org/2016/05/the-impact-of-the-blockchain-goes-beyond-financial-services
van Schoonhoven, B., Roosendaal, A. & Huijboom, N. 2013. Privacy Versus Collective Security - Drivers and Barriers Behind a Trade-off. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology 421 Privacy and Identity Management, 93-101.
Warren, S. & Brandeis, L. 1890. The Right to Privacy. Harvard Law Review IV(5).
Weber, M. 2004 [1919]. The Vocation Lectures: Politics as a Vocation. Indianapolis: Hackett.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17349/jmc117204
Copyright (c) 2017 Journal of Media Critiques [JMC]


text:
#ifndef WebScriptWorld_h
#define WebScriptWorld_h

#include "WebKit.h"
#include <WebCore/COMPtr.h>

namespace WebCore {
    class DOMWrapperWorld;
}

class WebScriptWorld : public IWebScriptWorld {
    WTF_MAKE_NONCOPYABLE(WebScriptWorld);
public:
    static WebScriptWorld* standardWorld();
    static COMPtr<WebScriptWorld> createInstance();

    static COMPtr<WebScriptWorld> findOrCreateWorld(WebCore::DOMWrapperWorld&);

    virtual ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE AddRef();
    virtual ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE Release();

    WebCore::DOMWrapperWorld& world() const { return *m_world; }

private:
    static COMPtr<WebScriptWorld> createInstance(PassRefPtr<WebCore::DOMWrapperWorld>);

    WebScriptWorld(PassRefPtr<WebCore::DOMWrapperWorld>);
    ~WebScriptWorld();

    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE QueryInterface(REFIID, void** ppvObject);
    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE standardWorld(IWebScriptWorld**);
    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE scriptWorldForGlobalContext(JSGlobalContextRef, IWebScriptWorld**);
    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE unregisterWorld();

    ULONG m_refCount;
    RefPtr<WebCore::DOMWrapperWorld> m_world;
};

#endif // WebScriptWorld_h

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Bathroom Designing features the appropriate storage spaces to the exquisite bathing experience. It's not the last decade when you could survive with a mirror cabinet to hold all your stuff; now with all those latest hair gels, shampoo, feet scrubs one needs extra spaces to fit it all!
With overflowing items floating like clutter upon the countertops; one can simply attach a steel equipment to store numerous hair tools.
Bamboo paneling can surely relieve you through all pains and showcase its beauty through floor-to ceiling windows.
Warm shades and soft hardware can make your small bathroom look larger. Powder room can be tiled with extreme dark shades and embellish its beauty with the perfect vanity and mosaic tiles.
Wood floor can be authentic approaches however do not forget to choose the layered ones otherwise it'll get all soaked up!
Categorize a separate place in your bathroom with a subtle gliding mirror to see your appearance daily. The gliding approach can give you the opportunity to store tons of items.
Marble flooring can be an amazing way to add a feminine touch, complement this beauty with detailed accessories and flower vases. Another attractive design is to contrast black marble with apple green and yellow mixtures.


text:
Scripps College > Scripps Magazine > Fall > 2018 > From the Archives
Browsing Room
The Bessie Bartlett Frankel Collection of Travel and Early Los Angeles Music
This postcard from the collection, presumably sent to Frankel by a friend traveling in Italy at the turn of the 20th century, features an image of the Piazza del Duomo in Milan. On the reverse is written, "I guess it is a case of giving up the career. It is too hard for me. And better that I give it up now than wait and become gray over its many difficulties."
Born in 1884 in Los Angeles, Bessie Bartlett Frankel was a concert singer, composer, philanthropist and patron of the arts, and a founder of the Los Angeles Philharmonic orchestra. She established Scripps' Chamber Music Festival, and she was made an honorary alumna in 1931. Upon her death in 1959, she left a sizable gift to the College that was used to build Bessie Bartlett Frankel and Cecil Frankel Hall and establish the Bessie and Cecil Frankel Endowed Chair in Music. Because of her close ties to the College, Frankel also bequeathed a selection of personal papers to the Ella Strong Denison Library. The 16 boxes that comprise the Bessie Bartlett Frankel Collection of Travel and Early Los Angeles Music include photographs of her family life, programs from the concerts she attended, postcards from her travels throughout Europe and North America, scenic photographs from visits to Alaska and Mexico with Los Angeles city officials, and an extensive collection of autographed portraits and publicity images of classical musicians who performed in Los Angeles between 1910 and 1945.


text:
This is Python Bytes, Python headlines and news delivered directly to your earbuds: episode 15, recorded on February 27, 2017. [more]

**#1 Brian:**  **Packaging**
[**A Simple Guide for Python Packaging**](https://medium.com/small-things-about-python/lets-talk-about-python-packaging-6d84b81f1bb5#.b9ww4h4xt) ****by ****Jie Feng, [@flyfengjie](https://twitter.com/flyfengjie)

- very simple bare bones example and tutorial
- When you create a '.py' file, that is a module.
- One or more modules in a folder with add a __init__.py file is a package (named via the folder)

[**How To Package Your Python Code**](http://python-packaging.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) ****by Scott Torborg, [@storborg](https://twitter.com/storborg)

- The example from the previous article comes from this.
- The best mid level explanation I've run across so far to describe packaging and distribution.
- Read the whole thing in a very short time.

**#2 Michael:** [**elasticpypi by**](https://github.com/khornberg/elasticpypi) [**Kyle Hornberg**](https://github.com/khornberg/elasticpypi)

- A mostly functional simple pypi service running on AWS.
- Runs over Elastic Search and AWS Lambda
- Compare to
  - pypiserver: https://pypiserver.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
  - devpi: http://doc.devpi.net/latest/
  - pypiserver: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pypiserver

**#3 Brian:** **How to get Python new****s (our process)**

- [PythonBytes.fm](https://pythonbytes.fm), of course
* Twitter:
	* Brian: [https://twitter.com/brianokken](https://twitter.com/brianokken)
	* Michael: [https://twitter.com/mkennedy](https://twitter.com/mkennedy)
	* Talk Python: [https://twitter.com/TalkPython](https://twitter.com/TalkPython)
	* Python Bytes: [https://twitter.com/PythonBytes](https://twitter.com/PythonBytes)
- [http://planetpython.org/](http://planetpython.org/), check out the titles only link, as well as reading this feed with Feedly or some other feed reader
- Newsletters:
	- Awesome Python: [https://python.libhunt.com/newsletter](https://python.libhunt.com/newsletter)
	- Python Weekly: [http://www.PythonWeekly.com](http://www.PythonWeekly.com)
	- Pycoders Weekly: [http://www.pycoders.com](http://www.pycoders.com/)
	- Import Python: [http://importpython.com/newsletter/](http://importpython.com/newsletter/)
- Reddit: [https://www.reddit.com/r/Python/](https://www.reddit.com/r/Python/)
- Python Trending on GitHub: [https://github.com/trending?l=python](https://github.com/trending?l=python)

**#4 Michael:** [**Curio - The coroutine concurrency library**](https://github.com/dabeaz/curio)**, by** **David Beazley,** [**@dabeaz**](https://twitter.com/dabeaz)

- Curio is a library for performing concurrent I/O and common system programming tasks such as launching subprocesses and farming work out to thread and process pools.
- It uses Python coroutines and the explicit async/await syntax introduced in Python 3.5.
- Based on cooperative multitasking and existing programming abstractions such as threads, sockets, files, subprocesses, locks, and queues.
- Only works on POSIX systems
- The Big Question: Why?
	- Python 3.4 and 3.5 have added major new paradigms for async programming.Curio takes full advantage of these features and is not encumbered by issues of backwards compatibility with legacy Python code written 15 years ago.
		- Curio is a ground-up implementation that takes a different approach to the problem while relying upon known programming techniques involving sockets and files.
		- The implementation of Curio aims to be simple. The API for using Curio aims to be intuitive.

**#5 Brian:** [**Pandas switching to use pytest as testing framework**](https://www.reddit.com/r/Python/comments/5v6xsf/pandas_switching_to_use_pytest_as_testing/)

- Interesting look at the challenges and discussion of moving a large, highly visible project

[**#6 Michael: Talk Python #100: Python past, present, and future with Guido van Rossum**](https://talkpython.fm/episodes/show/100/python-past-present-and-future-with-guido-van-rossum)

- Excellent look back and forward with Guido
- Conversation [on reddit](https://www.reddit.com/r/Python/comments/5vmvtj/python_past_present_and_future_with_guido_van/)
- Conversation [on hackernews](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=13710803)
- We touch on
	- How he got started
	- Early influences on Python
	- Why Python succeeded
	- How are we doing with: Diversity and moving to Python 3?
	- His favorite features of Python 3
	- Converting legacy code via mypy: [http://mypy-lang.org/](https://github.com/trending?l=python)

**In other news (as in our news)**

- [Test & Code 27 is out, a great talk with Mahmoud Hashemi](http://testandcode.com/27) on different levels of testing, the role of testing in SW development, TDD, and what he's been up to lately. Test & Code migrating to [testandcode.com](http://testandcode.com), to separate writing and podcast into two sites. When it gets cleaned up a little, I'll forward podcast related links from [pythontesting](http://pythontesting.net) to [testandcode](http://testandcode.com).

- [The pytest book](http://pythontesting.net/book/pytest) got sent out to a few reviewers, and we have a title and some cover art options. It's getting exciting. The rest of the reviewers will get the book when all chapters have gone through at least one editor iteration.


text:
void
CGPOptimizer::TouchLibraryInitializers()
{
	void (*gpos)(gpos_init_params*) = gpos_init;
	void (*dxl)() = gpdxl_init;
	void (*opt)() = gpopt_init;
}

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
//	@function:
//		CGPOptimizer::PlstmtOptimize
//
//	@doc:
//		Optimize given query using GP optimizer
//
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
PlannedStmt *
CGPOptimizer::PplstmtOptimize
	(
	Query *pquery,
	bool *pfUnexpectedFailure // output : set to true if optimizer unexpectedly failed to produce plan
	)
{
	GPOS_TRY
	{
		return COptTasks::PplstmtOptimize(pquery, pfUnexpectedFailure);
	}
	GPOS_CATCH_EX(ex)
	{
		if (GPOS_MATCH_EX(ex, gpdxl::ExmaDXL, gpdxl::ExmiWarningAsError))
		{
		  elog(ERROR, "PQO unable to generate plan, please see the above message for details.");
		}
		if (GPOS_MATCH_EX(ex, gpdxl::ExmaGPDB, gpdxl::ExmiGPDBError))
		{
		  elog(ERROR, "GPDB exception. Aborting PQO plan generation.");
		}
	}
	GPOS_CATCH_END;
	return NULL;
}

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
//	@function:
//		CGPOptimizer::SzDXL
//
//	@doc:
//		Serialize planned statement into DXL
//
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
char *
CGPOptimizer::SzDXLPlan
	(
	Query *pquery
	)
{
	return COptTasks::SzOptimize(pquery);
}

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
//	@function:
//		InitGPOPT()
//
//	@doc:
//		Initialize GPTOPT and dependent libraries
//
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void
CGPOptimizer::InitGPOPT ()
{
  // Use GPORCA's default allocators
  struct gpos_init_params params = { NULL, NULL };
  gpos_init(&params);
  gpdxl_init();
  gpopt_init();
}

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
//	@function:
//		TerminateGPOPT()
//
//	@doc:
//		Terminate GPOPT and dependent libraries
//
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void
CGPOptimizer::TerminateGPOPT ()
{
  gpopt_terminate();
  gpdxl_terminate();
  gpos_terminate();
}

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
//	@function:
//		PplstmtOptimize
//
//	@doc:
//		Expose GP optimizer API to C files
//
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
extern "C"
{
PlannedStmt *PplstmtOptimize
	(
	Query *pquery,
	bool *pfUnexpectedFailure
	)
{
	return CGPOptimizer::PplstmtOptimize(pquery, pfUnexpectedFailure);
}
}

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
//	@function:
//		SzDXLPlan
//
//	@doc:
//		Serialize planned statement to DXL
//
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
extern "C"
{
char *SzDXLPlan
	(
	Query *pquery
	)
{
	return CGPOptimizer::SzDXLPlan(pquery);
}
}

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
//	@function:
//		InitGPOPT()
//
//	@doc:
//		Initialize GPTOPT and dependent libraries
//
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
extern "C"
{
void InitGPOPT ()
{
	return CGPOptimizer::InitGPOPT();
}
}

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
//	@function:
//		TerminateGPOPT()
//
//	@doc:
//		Terminate GPOPT and dependent libraries
//
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
extern "C"
{
void TerminateGPOPT ()
{
	return CGPOptimizer::TerminateGPOPT();
}
}

// EOF


text:
Prashant Kishor Supports Caste-based Reservation After Criticising Bihar Govt's…
Bihar Shocker: Youth Falls Into Well While Talking on Mobile Phone in Siwan District,…
Congress misleading tribals, says BJP
Meet Jean-Paul Danneberg, Germany's 20-year-old goalkeeping hero in the shootout
Barrett Strong, Motown hitmaker and co-writer of I Heard It Through The Grapevine,…
The Most Popular Movies On Netflix Right Now Besides 'You People'
Olivia Culpo Pens Note to Boyfriend Christian McCaffery Amid NFL Loss
"Puppet" Tommy Fury only pretends to be a tough fighter to live up to…
Wall Street is worried about one chipmaker following Intel's disaster
Shell launches shake-up under new chief Wael Sawan
Over nine lakh government vehicles to retire from Indian roads. Here is why
Microplastics can be recycled to make electrodes for lithium batteries
Shortest pulse of electrons ever created lasts just 53 attoseconds
A record-breaking short pulse of electrons just 53 billionths of a billionth of a second long has been generated – it is so fast it could allow microscopes to grab images of electrons jumping between atoms
By Matthew Sparkes
The shortest pulse of electrons to date has been recorded, lasting just 53 billionths of a billionth of a second
Eleftherios Goulielmakis/University of Rostock
Researchers have broken the record for the shortest pulse of electrons created, producing a signal just 53 attoseconds long – or 53 billionths of a billionth of a second. The achievement could lead to even more accurate electron microscopes that can capture sharp, stationary images at the atomic level rather than being just a blur. It could also speed up data transmission in computer chips.
Pulses of electrons are used to represent data inside computers or to capture images in electron microscopes. The shorter the pulses, the higher the rate at which information can be transmitted.
Eleftherios Goulielmakis at the University of Rostock in Germany and his colleagues have been working to reduce the length of such pulses as much as possible.
Pulses of electrons created by electrical fields inside ordinary circuits are limited by the frequency that electrons can oscillate inside matter. Goulielmakis says a pulse needs to last at least half a cycle of these oscillations because it is that cycle which creates a "pushing force" for electrons.
Light oscillates at a much higher frequency, so his team has been using a short burst of light to trigger a pulse of electrons.
In 2016, Goulielmakis's team created a flash of visible light that lasted just 380 attoseconds. Using the same technique, the team has now focused lasers to knock electrons off the tip of a tungsten needle and into a vacuum.
The 53-attosecond pulse of electrons they detected was even shorter than the pulse of light that initiated it. Goulielmakis says it lasted for a fifth of the time it would take an electron in a hydrogen atom to orbit its nucleus, in Bohr's model of a hydrogen atom.
A pulse of electrons this short could enable electron microscopes to focus on a shorter slice in time, akin to reducing the shutter speed of a camera, to reveal the movement of particles more clearly.
"Sometimes [in electron microscope images] you see that the atoms are not very confined, they're a little bit blurry. It's not necessarily that they don't have good resolution, it's because the electron is not sitting still at a specific point, right? It's just making a cloud around the atoms. The attosecond electron pulse will help the resolution to be fast enough to capture electrons in motion."
"If we create electron microscopes using our attosecond electron pulses, then we have sufficient resolution not only to see atoms in motion, which would be already an exciting thing, but even how electrons jump among those atoms," says Goulielmakis.
Varun Dhawan-Natasha Dalal Celebrate Second Anniversary With Pet Dog Joey, Anil Kapoor Sonakshi Sinha and More Wish the Couple (View Pic)
'Sesame Street' Co-Creator Lloyd Morrisett Dead At 93
Barrett Strong, Motown hitmaker and co-writer of I Heard It Through The Grapevine, dead at 81
"Puppet" Tommy Fury only pretends to be a tough fighter to live up to family legacy
Bihar Shocker: Youth Falls Into Well While Talking on Mobile Phone in Siwan District, Dies
Over nine lakh government vehicles to retire from Indian…
Prashant Kishor Supports Caste-based Reservation After…
Wall Street is worried about one chipmaker following…


I do not have the path "/apps/panel/applets/clock_screen0/pref" .
The most similar ones I can find are "/apps/panel/default_setup/applets/clock"; and there is no "format" field there.
There is no clock in "/apps/panel/applets".
I am using ubuntu 10.04 64 bit.
Maan: That is strange! Sorry, I have no idea why the entry is not there for you.


text:
Q: Representing triangular matrix in VB.NET? I have an assignment which says I have to read from file the distances between 20 citys each. I wonder how to handle that data in the application. I thought of multidimensional array, something like Distances(0, 1, 0)=500 which means that the distance between city0 and city1 is 500 miles. Also I think this is a waste of memory because Distances(0, 1, 0) and Distances(1, 0, 0) is the same thing. My mentor told me to use triangular matrix to save the  data into the app. Can you show me an example of a similar data handling or some other idea of how to handle the data? I just can't imagine it. Thank you!

A: What I think he means is something like this:
http://www.arenalogisticsinc.com/images/chart4.jpg
Basically a 2-D array - And if you want to save space, just remove the top half of the array since it will have repetitions.
Hope this helps.

A: You want an array of arrays. A multidimensional array is useful if you have a consistent array size for each of the inner arrays, but you want your first array to have length=0, the second to have length=1, etc... So, actually, you don't even need the first array - as it is just empty.
Dim triangle As Array(19)

For i = 0 To 18

    Dim innerArray(i+1) As Integer

    triangle(i) = innerArray

Next


Dialogue isn't just about creating direct quotations from different characters. Sometimes dialogue is best when it's put into a summarized form, rather than the drawn-out form of an actual conversation.
Keep the character's voice in mind but keep it readable. Dialogue doesn't have to be grammatically correct; it should read like actual speech. However, there must be a balance between realistic speech and readability.
Don't use too much slang or misspelling in order to create a character's voice. Also remember to use speech as a characterization tool. Word choice tells a reader a lot about a person: appearance, ethnicity, sexuality, background, and morality.
Tension! Sometimes saying nothing, or the opposite of what we know a character feels, is the best way to create tension. If a character wants to say 'I love you!" but their actions or words say 'I don't care,' the reader cringes at the missed opportunity.
Format and style are key to successful dialogue. Correct tags, punctuation, and paragraphs can be almost as important as the actual quotations themselves.
The first thing to remember is that punctuation goes inside quotations.
"But I don't want to go to sleep yet," he whined.
While these types of tags are acceptable and even necessary at times, they should only be used sparingly. The dialogue and narration should be used to show the emotion or action stated in the tag. One of the most important rules of writing fiction is: show, don't tell.
Paragraphs are very important to the flow and comprehension of the dialogue. Remember to start a new paragraph each time the speaker changes within the dialogue. This helps the reader know when someone new is speaking (and who it is).
If there is action involved with a speaking character, keep the description of the action within the same paragraph as the dialogue of the character engaged in it.


this box is definitely the only one I'd have subbed for - I love natural products! The bodywash looks nice, and F&R balms are lovely :)!
I did too!! Blue-who wears blue?!
I got the same box as you except for the bodywash which I got in Coconut and Jasmine. I was pretty pleased with it, the balm is gorgeous!
I received exactly the same products in my box! The scent is potent though, I agree! :/ Lovely blog!
You got better stuff than me lucky duck!!! No fair.
I'm actually not familiar with this concept, but it's quite interesting. What a great way to sample products!