Professionals and students have everything to learn from each other. In the creative industry, we crave new impulses, young enthusiasm, idealism, and drive. We are looking for students who want to develop further, working in teamwork with experienced designers, and who would like to get hands-on experience working on innovation projects with our clients.
Our internships follow the school year where you can work in EGGS for one semester, either the fall semester or the spring semester. We do not have summer internships, and EGGS do not offer intern positions to designers who have completed their Masters.
For 2019, we are seeking interns within all design disciplines; product, service, digital and branding as well as developers.
You don't necessarily know yourself best. I got to take the lead on a project within the first month of my internship, because my closest leader saw that I could do it. People trust people in EGGS and with high power comes great responsibility.
Being a potato is an excellent way to learn. Whatever your degree is called there are loads of learning in doing all sorts of stuff. "I've never done that before so I'll probably nail it" is a great mindset to adapt!
We will review your applications shortly after the application deadline runs out and our recruitment team will contact qualified candidates if your profile stands out. If you make the cut, you will be invited to an interview to present your portfolio and motivation, as well as get a guided tour of our studio and learn more about our projects and visions. And since it's all about people, you will get to meet several of our designers and get to ask all the questions you may have.


Here are some of my favorite mountain adventure pics from last week! My family and I have been going to Cloudland Canyon State Park for years now and it has remained one of my all time favorite places. Even though I consider myself a city gal, I also crave to be surrounded my trees and mountains every now and then (okay, more like every day). I love this state park because it has some of the most diverse trails in the southern U.S. including two waterfalls! It's funny how man was actually designed to be attracted to nature, when you dissect it, all it really is are a bunch of rocks, dirt, and twigs yet somehow it evokes emotion.
This brings me to the title of this post, Waldeinsamkeit, which is a German word that really translates to a feeling rather than a literal definition. It consists of two words: "Wald" meaning forest, and "Einsamkeit" meaning loneliness or solitude. It is the feeling of being alone in the woods, but it also hints at a connectedness to nature. When I researched it further, I found a poem my Emerson with this as it's title and I fell in love with it.
What are some of your favorite places to get lost?
The souls that walk in pain."
Love this post. It brings back memories - all good =D!


Group of companies "Road City Building» (RCB) – an international holding company, founded in 2009 by experts in the field of construction, took part in the large-scale Russian and foreign construction projects.
Professional approach, coordinated work and experience of the team ensured RCB holding steady business communications and steady development of the Russian and European construction markets. Since its inception to the present day, a group of companies RCB provides a direct execution of works and technical support for construction projects.
"Road City Building" performs management of the group companies. Headquartered in St. Petersburg. In order to exit the company on the construction market of the northern territories of the branch was opened in Murmansk. At the moment, work is underway to open company «Road City Building Europe GmbH» with headquarters in Zug, Switzerland.
In August 2011, he opened a branch in Sochi, as well as in cooperation with the Dutch company Cofra are working together to introduce to the Russian market the following technologies: MtbraDrain – strengthening soils using vertical drains; BeauDRAIN – vacuum consolidation in soils with high compressibility and cohesive soils; AuG-e o – fast device mound.
Established and launched a concrete-production unit (Apatity), complete with mixer trucks that deliver concrete needs of the construction site in full. Work on obtaining licenses MOE, joining the United surveyors and designers.
The company is introducing and practicing new level and quality of construction, the approach to building business with a defined-term well-functioning and a high degree of sequence, which gives confidence in the future and allow a clear move forward.
In the entire history of the company existence, we have received many recommendations, awards, certificates and appreciation from our partners. All our partners celebrate our reliability, punctuality, openness to dialogue.


text:
Essex was launched in 1780 as an East Indiaman. She made six voyages for the British East India Company (EIC). On her first voyage she was present at an inconclusive battle with the French, and later at a second inconclusive engagement with a French frigate. In 1798 she was sold to be hulked or broken up.

Career
EIC voyage #1 (1781–1783): Captain Arthur Morris sailed from Portsmouth on 13 March 1781, bound for Madras and China as part of a convoy of Indiamen accompanying a British squadron under Commodore George Johnstone. At about the same time as the British sailed, a French squadron under the command of Bailli de Suffren left France. Both squadrons were en route to the Cape of Good Hope, the British to take it from the Dutch, the French aiming to help defend it and French possessions in the Indian Ocean, including Rodriguez Island, Ile Bourbon (Réunion), Île de France (Mauritius), and Pondicherry.

The British stopped at São Tiago to take on water, with Essex arriving on 9 April. The French squadron attacked the British on 16 April in the battle of Porto Praya. Due to the unexpected nature of the encounter, neither fleet was prepared for the engagement and the result was an inconclusive battle in which the French warships sustained more damage than did the British. Though the battle was inconclusive, it did enable the French to forestall the British attack on the Cape. The British sailed on to the Cape. At the Cape, Johnstone captured five Dutch East Indiamen at the battle of Saldanha Bay. The British Indiamen then sailed on, directly, or indirectly, to India.

Essex arrived at Madras on 24 August. She was at 19 Oct Tranquebar on 19 October, trincomalee on 4 January 1782, and Tellicherry on 13 February.

On 20 April a gale struck near Bombay. Several vessels were lost, and Essex lost masts. She arrived at Bombay on 24 April.

Essex left Bombay on 8 August in company with the Indiamen , , and , and the country ship Shah Byram Gore. As the squadron was sailing through the Strait of Malacca, on 9 September the ships encountered the 38-gun French frigate , which was under the command of Captain de Lannuguy-Tromelin. After an engagement the next day that lasted some two-and-a-half hours and in which Osterley had two men killed, and Locko and Essex had several men injured from exploding cartridges, Pouvoyeuse withdrew.

Essex arrived at Whampoa anchorage on 5 October, as did Asia and Osterley. Locko had arrived the day before.

Homeward bound, Essex crossed the Second Bar on 19 December, reached St Helena on 18 June 1783, and arrived at the Downs on 5 October.

EIC voyage #2 (1785–1786): Captain John Strover sailed from The Downs on 7 January 1785, bound for Madras and China. Essex reached St Augustine's Bay on 22 May, and arrived at Madras on 3 July. She arrived at Whampoa on 10 August. Homeward bound, Essex crossed the Second Bar on 3 February 1786, reached St Helena on 8 June, and arrived at the Downs on 14 August.

EIC voyage #3 (1788–1789): Captain Strover sailed from The Downs on 20 January 1788, bound for St Helena and China. Essex reached St Helena on 12 May and Batavia on 27 August. She arrived at Whampoa on 2 November.  Homeward bound, Essex crossed the Second Bar on 8 February 1789, reached St Helena on 4 May, and arrived at the Downs on 8 July.

EIC voyage #4 (1791–1792): Captain Strover sailed from Portsmouth on 17 May 1791, bound for Bombay. Essex reached Johanna on 28 September, and arrived at Bombay on 17 November. On 12 January 1792 she was at Surat, and she returned to Bombay on 22 January. Homeward bound, she was at Tellicherry on 27 February, and Anjengo on 8 March. She reached St Helena on 26 June and arrived at The Downs on 1 September.

EIC voyage #5 (1794–1795): War with France had broken out in 1793. Captain Strover acquired a letter of marque on 20 November.

The British government held Essex at Portsmouth, together with a number of other Indiamen in anticipation of using them as transports for an attack on Île de France (Mauritius). It gave up the plan and released the vessels in May 1794. It paid £1,500 for having delayed her departure by 72 days.

Captain Strover was at Portsmouth on 24 April, and sailed on 2 May, bound for Madras and Bengal. Essex reached Madras on 10 September and arrived at Diamond Harbour on 24 October. Homeward bound, she was at Saugor on 30 December. She reached St Helena on 24 May 1795 St Helena.

While Essex was at St Helena, the 64-gun third rate  and the Indiaman , together with the assistance of some other Indiaman, captured eight Dutch East Indiamen.

The convoy of British and captured Dutch East Indiamen arrived at Shannon on 13 September. Essex arrived back at The Downs on 15 October. Although Essex had not actively engaged the Dutch, she did share in the prize money.

EIC voyage #6 (1796–1798): Captain Strover sailed from Portsmouth on 29 March 1796, bound for Madras and Bengal. Essex reached Simon's Bay on 22 July.

While she was at the Cape Captain Strover became Commodore of the East Indiamen in False Bay. Some had come with Vice-Admiral Sir George Elphinstone's expedition to the Dutch Cape Colony. Elphinstone took his naval vessels to intercept a Dutch naval squadron in an action that resulted in the Capitulation of Saldanha Bay. He placed the merchantmen under Strover's overall command and charged him with organizing a defence should the Dutch evade the Royal Navy and attack Simon's Bay. After the capture of the Dutch squadron the Indiamen were free to proceed on their voyages.

Essex arrived at Madras on 17 November. On 2 December she was at Trincomalee, and she returned to Madras on 5 January 1797. She arrived at Kedgeree on 1 February. She sailed for Bombay and was at Saugor on 12 May, Anjengo on 12 April, and Tellicherry on 2 May. She arrived at Bombay on 8 June. She returned to Bombay on 12 August. Homeward bound, she reached the Cape on 22 October and St Helena on 3 December. She arrived at The Downs on 30 January 1798.

Fate
Essex was sold in 1798 to be hulked or broken up.

Notes, citations, and references
Notes

Citations

References

1780 ships
Age of Sail merchant ships of England
Ships of the British East India Company

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Vex é uma comuna da Suíça, no Cantão Valais, com cerca de 1.388 habitantes. Estende-se por uma área de 13,0 km², de densidade populacional de 107 hab/km². Confina com as seguintes comunas: Hérémence, Les Agettes, Mase, Nax, Nendaz, Saint-Martin, Sion, Vernamiège.

A língua oficial nesta comuna é o Francês.

Comunas de Valais


text:
News Forum - German's one-man protest against the government of Thailand
September 1, 2022 in Thaiger News
A foreigner held a one-man protest against the government of Thailand today in the central province of Rayong. The German man, Moritz Pfoh, was spotted walking on an island in the middle of Sukhumvit Road in Tapong sub-district, Mueng district, holding a portrait of acting Prime Minister Prawit Wongsuwan with a red cross on his face. The 35 year old, who has a Thai name, Fuk Thong, which means pumpkin, said Prawit and the former PM Prayut Chan-o-cha did not work for the people of Thailand. The foreigner raised the picture of Prawit above his head and walked around the […]
The story German's one-man protest against the government of Thailand as seen on Thaiger News.
palooka
And thus because he wants to help the "wrong thai people" (according to Pnut and Co) he will probably be leaving on a jet plane in the near future. They can revoke visas for much less.
DoUKnowWhoIAm
Bored expat, I suggest he start looking for a hobby.
HolyCowCm
Well guess he wasn't around back when for the foreigners who protested in the Red Shirt protests near World Trade Center. Now Central World renamed. If I remember correctly, they hunted each foreigner down and either deported them depending on the severity or were made to publicly say sorry and they were wrong in order to stay.
He has alot of guts.... but leave it to the Thais instead
Off-topic post and replies removed.
Moderator.
Deport this Left Wing German Lunitic ASAP and give him a 10 year ban from re-entry to Thailand.
If he wants to protest there's plenty of problems in Germany right now to protest about.
TheDirtyDurian
Did he break any laws?
If not, then let him do what he wants.
He's aware of what may happen.
23 hours ago, DoUKnowWhoIAm said:
Have to be in Germany i'm thinking.
But then he could take up bike riding and take his protest to a higher authority. (maybe)
7 hours ago, 23RD said:
Appalling comment.
12 minutes ago, palooka said:
I'd suggest building a Märklin railway model in the basement
1 hour ago, Totoro said:
Why are you a left wing German???
He's a bit schizophrenic it would seem... He chooses to live in a different country (1 of 100s available to him), knowingly selecting a kingdom run by a military dictatorship, and then decides to protest the very country he himself decided to live. If he really wanted to protest he'd make more of an impact if he simply refused to live here, and take his money (assuming he has any) elsewhere.
Sorry but Thai politics is none of our business. It's up to the Thai people to decide what kind of government they want. We are just visitors. If you don't like it you can always go back to that efficiently run German government. Lol

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Match Preview: Crew vs. Dynamo
August 17, 20121:46PM EDT
HOUSTON DYNAMO vs COLUMBUS CREW
BBVA COMPASS STADIUM, Houston, Texas
August 19, 2012 (WEEK 24, MLS Game #234)
8 p.m. CT (FS-Hou/MultiM; FS-OH)
The Houston Dynamo will play host to the Columbus Crew on Sunday evening at BBVA Compass Stadium is a match that will have massive implications on the Eastern Conference race. The Dynamo find themselves in third place in the East, after their five-game winning run came to an end last weekend in a loss to New York. The Crew are now seven points out of the final playoff spot in the conference – but with games in hand – after their emotional 1-1 home draw at midweek with the LA Galaxy.
REFEREE: Drew Fischer. AR1 (bench): Chris Strickland; AR2 (opposite): Jeff Muschik; 4th: Ted Unkel
MLS Career: 2 games; FC/gm: 27.0; Y/gm: 2.5; R: 0; pens: 0
DOWNLOAD FULL GAME GUIDE HERE (PDF)
INJURY REPORT:
HOUSTON DYNAMO -- PROBABLE: FW Calen Carr (L knee swelling) … COLUMBUS CREW -- OUT: FW Tommy Heinemann (L knee surgery); GK William Hesmer (R hip surgery); MF Bernardo Anor (L knee ACL tear); DOUBTFUL: DF Nenamja Vukovic (L ankle sprain); DF Rich Balchan (sports hernia rehab); QUESTIONABLE: MF Danny O'Rourke (L ankle sprain)
INTERNATIONAL ABSENCES: none
SUSPENDED NEXT YELLOW CARD: none
SUSPENDED AFTER TWO YELLOW CARDS: HOU: Calen Carr, Corey Ashe, Macoumba Kandji … CLB: Bernardo Anor, Chris Birchall, Tony Tchani, Sebastian Miranda
ALL-TIME (13 meetings): Dynamo 2 wins, 13 goals … Crew 4 wins, 17 goals … Ties 7
AT HOUSTON (6 meetings): Dynamo 1 win, 5 goals … Crew 1 win, 5 goals … Ties 4
The teams are meeting for the second time this season. Goals from Will Bruin and Brian Ching canceled out a two-goal night from the Crew's Eddie Gaven, leaving the teams in a 2-2 draw, April 21 in Columbus.
The Crew have a six-game unbeaten streak alive against the Dynamo, over the last three seasons, with three wins and three draws in that time. Houston's last victory in the series came Aug. 2, 2008.
The Crew's win at Robertson Stadium last year was their first ever. The teams had played to draws in four of the first five encounters there; the Dynamo won 2-0 on Aug. 2, 2008.
Coaches record: Dominic Kinnear vs. CLB: P17 W4 L6 D7 … Robert Warzycha vs. HOU: P7 W3 L0 D4
LAST MEETING (MLS)
4/21: CLB 2, HOU 2 (Gaven 63, 74 – Bruin 59; Ching 81)
The Dynamo woke up the match with a 59th-minute opener. From a corner kick, Will Bruin nodded home Adam Moffat's in-swinging ball inside the back post.
The Crew tied the score four minutes later. From a long clearance, Dynamo defender Geoff Cameron pushed the ball back to goalkeeper Tally Hall, but his headed clearance went only as far as Eddie Gaven. He hit a soft shot toward goal that Dynamo fullback Andre Hainault helped further along in an effort to steer it away from the Crew's Emilio Rentería.
In the 74th minute, Gaven doubled his tally and gave the Crew the lead. Second-half substitute Aaron Schoenfeld chested a ball down just outside the box to an onrushing Gaven, who one-timed a left-footed shot into the back of the net.
But the Dynamo pulled even nine minutes from the end. Bruin found space on the right side of the box and placed a perfect pass between Crew defenders that enabled Ching to redirect just inside the left-hand post.
COLUMBUS CREW (4-1-3-2): Andy Gruenebaum - Sebastian Miranda, Josh Williams, Chad Marshall, Nemanja Vukovic (Shaun Francis 83) - Danny O'Rourke - Milovan Mirosevic, Tony Tchani (Ethan Finlay 72), Eddie Gaven - Emilio Renteria (Aaron Schoenfeld 67), Olman Vargas.
HOUSTON DYNAMO (4-4-2): Tally Hall - Andre Hainault, Geoff Cameron, Bobby Boswell, Jermaine Taylor - Je-Vaughn Watson (Calen Carr 79), Adam Moffat, Luiz Camargo, Corey Ashe (Macoumba Kandji 91+) - Will Bruin, Brian Ching (Cam Weaver 84).
The Houston Dynamo saw their five-game winning streak come to an end, dropping the back half of a home-and-home series with the New York Red Bulls in a 2-0 loss Friday at Red Bull Arena. The Dynamo are in third place in the Eastern Conference with 40 points from 24 games.
The Red Bulls took the lead in the 61st minute. Tim Cahill got on the end of a Roy Miller cross and nodded the ball down to a wide-open Markus Holgersson, who had the easiest of finishes in front of goal for the opener.
As Houston tried to pour on late pressure, New York to hit back on the counter to seal the result in stoppage time. Thierry Henry was freed on the left flank with no defenders ahead of him save goalkeeper Tally Hall, and slid a square pass to Jan Gunnar Solli for a tap-in into an empty net.
Dynamo head coach Dominic Kinnear made no changes to the team that defeated the Red Bulls at BBVA Compass Stadium.
HOUSTON DYNAMO (4-3-3): Tally Hall - Andre Hainault, Jermaine Taylor, Bobby Boswell, Corey Ashe - Boniek Garcia, Adam Moffat (Ricardo Clark 75), Brad Davis - Calen Carr (Luiz Camargo 66), Will Bruin (Brian Ching 70), Macoumba Kandji.
The Dynamo saw not only their five-game winning streak come to an end, but also their eight-game unbeaten run, in the loss at the New York Red Bulls, the teams splitting their home-and-home series over successive Fridays.
"[The team's] upset we lost the game, especially considering we had some opportunities to get back and get something out of it, but we don't get too high or too low," head coach Dominic Kinnear said. "We weren't boasting when we were winning and we're not going to hang our heads because we lost a game. We've got an important game against Columbus next Sunday and that's the most important thing right now."
The Dynamo also saw their defensive shutout streak snapped at 379 minutes by the Red Bulls – the fourth-longest in MLS this season – following three consecutive clean sheets. Houston allowed more than one goal in a game for the first time since a 4-2 loss in Montréal, June 23.
"I thought we could have defended it a little better," goalkeeper Tally Hall said. "I think I need to organize better. … It didn't happen, and so I got to look at myself as responsible party of not organizing the defense as well."
The Dynamo were also shut out for the first time after scoring multiple goals in five consecutive matches, netting 13 since the scoreless draw with Sporting KC on July 7.
"We're staying level headed," said forward Will Bruin. "Early on in the season we weren't winning every game, but we stayed confident and then we got on a roll. We're not losing confidence, we know we're a good team and have good players and can make our goal. We're going to have a good week of training and look forward to next week."
The goal scored by New York's Markus Holgersson just after the hour was the first conceded in open play by the Dynamo since June 30, when Keon Daniel scored for Philadelphia Union. The only goal allowed by Houston in the 735 minutes in between came on a penalty kick (July 18 vs. Sporting KC).
"I still think we're one of the most difficult teams to break down and score on," Hall said. "We still have the momentum that we've built in the last month-and-a-half. That's where we are going forward, with the confidence that we can start a run all over next weekend."
Ricardo Clark made his first appearance for the Dynamo since 2009, after more than two years in Germany and a stint in Norway, coming on for the final 15 minutes in place of Adam Moffat.
"He's been with this team for a while, the guys all know him and he's a good player," Kinnear said. "As far as the integration into the team, I think that's been going day-by-day and that the guys are happy to have him."
The Columbus Crew came away with a point on an emotional night at midweek, reaching a 1-1 draw with the LA Galaxy on Wednesday at Crew Stadium. The Crew sit in seventh place in the Eastern Conference with 29 points from 21 games.
The Crew took the lead when Jairo Arrieta made something out of nothing just two minutes after the second-half restart. Arrieta took the ball on the right wing and cut toward the middle past several Galaxy defenders before firing with his left foot from the top of the arc, the shot rolling just inside Josh Saunders' left post.
But the Galaxy pulled even in the 64th minute. Sean Franklin ran onto a ball down the right flank, nutmegged Crew midfielder Dilly Duka then sent his pass past a pair of defenders for Robbie Keane to tap into the net with an easy finish.
Crew head coach Robert Warzycha made one change to the team that fell 1-0 to D.C. United at RFK Stadium. Cole Grossman came back from suspension, in place of Justin Meram.
COLUMBUS CREW (4-2-3-1): Andy Gruenebaum - Sebastian Miranda, Carlos Mendes, Chad Marshall, Josh Williams - Cole Grossman (Emilio Renteria 70), Chris Birchall (Danny O'Rourke 86) - Eddie Gaven, Milovan Mirosevic, Dilly Duka (Justin Meram 74) - Jairo Arrieta.
The game was the first following the death of Crew midfielder Kirk Urso, who was honored in a prematch ceremony. Following the match, his parents visiting the team in the locker room.
"For them to watch the team their son played for made me want to win the game that much more for him," midfielder Eddie Gaven. "If we work with that kind of spirit, if we fight like that throughout the year, not only are we going to win more games than we lose but we're going to be honoring Kirk's memory pretty well."
Said Crew head coach Robert Warzycha: "We talked about focusing on the game and that it will be something we won't forget. Obviously, the three points were not the most important thing today. I think there was a bigger thing we were playing for."
After the trip to Houston, the Crew will return home for games vs. Toronto and New England next week, their last back-to-back home games this season. They do not have any back-to-back road games remaining.
"I was happy with the overlapping, with the commitment and the tackles and with the passing. That was good," said Warzycha. "In the second half it was a little bit different. We scored a goal early and then they pushed us very hard and to be honest, before we figured out how to act, it was 1-1. They pushed us to the end of the game."
Jairo Arrieta scored his third goal in the last three games, after netting twice in the July 28 win vs. Sporting KC. He's scored each of the last three goals the Crew have hit for.
"I feel more comfortable. Scoring goals gives more confidence. As a forward, you want to be able to help the team and score more goals," said Arrieta.
With the exception of the return of Cole Grossman from suspension, the remainder of the team remained the same from the D.C. United victory – meaning Chris Birchall faced his former club for the first time.
"It was always going to be an emotional game because of Kirk (Urso), but personally, for me, it was one that I was looking forward to. I was just trying to do myself and the team justice by playing well," said Birchall.
On Thursday, newly signed Designated Player Federico Higuain was introduced to the media in Columbus. He could be available for this weekend's match, though might not play until the Aug. 22 rescheduled game with Toronto FC.
"[Federico] does a lot of things Guillermo [Barros Schelotto] did in his prime when he was in his late 20s," Columbus technical director Brian Bliss said. "Scoring goals is a bonus in terms of what he does. That's why we used the terms, 'He's going to chip a few in,' or, 'He's going to contribute.' He's not going to be a prolific goalscorer. That's not who he is."


text:
Clarksonian Mega-Challenges for Canada and North America Michèle Rioux
March 3, 2018 Marjorie Griffin Cohen Leave a comment
Stephen Clarkson
This is the final essay in the PEF series to commemorate the life of Stephen Clarkson. It is fitting that it is written by Michèle Rioux, a colleague in Quebec. Stephen worked closely with many in Quebec and the relationship between Quebec and Canada was an important part of his analysis of North America.
Michèle Rioux is a Professor in the Department of Political Science, UQAM and Research Director at the Center for research on integration and globalization (Centre d'études sur l'intégration et la mondialisatieon). Stephen loved Quebec and Montreal and was frequently invited to the Centre to speak, including attending the event to mark the 20th anniversary of NAFTA at la Maison du Développement Durable.
Clarksonian Mega-Challenges for Canada and North America
by Michèle Rioux
The Neoliberal Trade Agenda @ Bay
North America has been an experimental model of trade and integration for at least the last 25 years. Stephen spent his life understanding North America and how the region shaped the Canadian political economy and society. An excellent, innovative researcher, he kept asking questions, many without clear-cut answers that led to a dozen high impact publications. Always kind and generous, intellectually challenging, he had an engaging personality and a very contagious smile. In this short article, remembering his critical influence he had on my research and in the field of Canadian political economy, I will specifically explore three topics that are central to his many contributions:
• The singular importance of the world economic system and the emergence of powerful multinational corporations as pivotal actors in diminishing the role of state everywhere.
• The asymmetrical growth in social inequality from new market access and free trade in North America and their "capture" of the public policy process.
• The transformative impact of regional economic integration models on the dynamics of state sovereignty and comparative international political economy.
Burned At The Stake Of International Competition
Stephen's first major influence is to be found in his contribution to the most important debate on the highly controversial role of US MNCs and their impact on Canada's economic sovereignty. Stephen had a leading role along with other experts stressing the dangers of a globalization process in Canada that left unchecked, would lead to economic domination by the US capitalism and the eventual loss of Canadian sovereignty through what Kari Polanyi has called a "silent surrender" in her book with the same title.
The debate on trade and industrial policies took place in the 1970s under the government of Pierre Trudeau and did not lead to a very successful interventionist state- centered Canadian policy 'independentiste' model. What was called the Third Option never went anywhere as a policy idea requiring Canada to reduce its dependence on the American market through targeted diversification. Instead, successive Liberal governments did exactly the reverse and opted for closer integration with the United States, along with an aggressive policy of deregulation and privatization of the Canadian economy, its primary policy orientation of the 1980s and 1990s.
Nowadays, the dangers of this economic domination are still significant for the Canadian state and a range of public policies. As Clarkson stated at the end of his book Uncle Sam and Us:
Rather than proposing yet another big idea to achieve still further leaps of integration with the United States on the dubious assumption that erasing the economic border will magically increase the standard of living, the Canadian state needs to recommit itself to its historical task of strengthening its own democracy.
The issue of the role and rights of foreign investors in Canada is still of great significance and has played a central role in the debates surrounding the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) and the renegotiation of NAFTA. Foreign investors are powerful agents in the world economic system, They have gained economic, political and legal authority with few binding obligations in terms of protecting the public interest. This can be viewed as the continuation and exacerbation of the 'silent surrender syndrome' .
The globalization process has undermined national and international regulatory frameworks and in their place supported the emergence of new 'globalist' institutional and normative frameworks. Such frameworks are much more complex than those from the past since they deal with issues like investment, competition, services, public procurement and intellectual property; all of these areas that were outside of international negotiations in the past. This structural shift from national economic space towards a global economy has enormous implications on societies and on the behaviour of international relations. A long-term momentous shift in competitive strategies between global corporations for market share in regional markets the world over has given them unprecedented leverage to control where production is located and investments are made to support the unprecedented growth in global value chains, one of the key organizational principles of the crisis-ridden global economy. Stephen was one of the early Canadian researchers to analyze the important role of free trade agreements in the shift from Keynesian to a globalized economic policy model.
NAFTA, Neoliberalism and The Trouble with Bad Ideas
Clarkson did not agree with orthodox trade policy. He labelled them as 'economic constitutions' and described how they shape societies economically and politically. In an article entitled Apples And Oranges: Prospects For The Comparative Analysis of the EU and NAFTA as Continental Systems, he develops the idea of NAFTA as a comprehensive constitution setting the rules and regulations of state-market relations and as an American mode of regulation.
This is a very powerful idea and was highly provocative at the time. Nowadays, it is very clear that if trade agreements are not constitutions, they have great implications not only at the border but also behind borders. We now understand that these trade deals have developed into a very powerful intrusive legal instrument that affect policy and regulatory systems at different levels of the political order. The relation between states and markets, for Stephen, was at the very core of his perspective.
He critically understood the North American integration model as a reflection of changes in the relationship between states and markets in the region and compared with integration models elsewhere (see, for instance, his article Apples and Oranges). Indeed, North America emerged in the 1990s as a strong and influential regional model of integration. As such, it brought about new regulatory and strategic instruments deployed at multiple and diversified levels of governance. From the US point of view and, to a lesser extent from that of Canada, one of the initial and most important objectives of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was to improve the competitiveness of the region by relocating in Mexico, especially in the area of border production, where production functions were low-tech and labour intensive in auto assembly, light manufacturing and other industries that benefited the American consumer at the checkout counter. It was the 'trump card of the United States' both before and after negotiations (Rioux et Deblock, 1993). NAFTA has spread beyond North America, and we can agree with Stephen's most important insight that neoliberal trade governance has entertained a complex relationship with globalization.
One very important factor and structural element shaping governance and regulation of economic integration in North America is the importance of Asia and more specifically of China for the region. The now defunct Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), was to meant to transform NAFTA beyond the original three countries involved. This would have been a de facto renegotiation of NAFTA. The last time I met Stephen was at a conference on "NAFTA at 20" and the TPP negotiations were perceived as a way to 'modernize' NAFTA on the Trans-Pacific front. The TPP allowed the three countries to negotiate new trade related regulatory issues with the strategic goal in mind to deal with inter-regional issues linked to the development of new global value chains. It meant that, instead of being a ménage à trois, North America was immersed into an intense model of coopetition shaped by global value chains across the Pacific.
In this new context, the conference participants saw emerging transnational regulatory responses accelerating the disappearance of the boundary between the public and private spheres at various levels ?local, national, international and global? giving way to a complex system of networks between authorities endowed with overlapping rights and obligations from the perspective of the trade deal. The exact relationship between national sovereignty and transnational trade governance was never clear in a third generation of regional/interregional trade agreement. Does this contribute to the convergence of regulation and governance models or to the hegemonic diffusion of the US regulation model? Of course, once Donald Trump scrapped the TPP, challenged NAFTA and TTIP, the US regulatory model was no longer in the driver's seat even have it remains a powerful force in its own right. Yet, this might also be a strategic move to ensure that the contested US model is accepted in exchange for access to the US market. Since the 1930s, the United States always promoted trade liberalization based on a system of legal rules and principles "organizing" the trading system and their relations with trading partners.
I want to quote from the preface of the conference proceedings to emphasize this point:
"The tragic misrule in North America's three-state space and in most of Latin America over the last few decades has undermined the significant achievements of the post-World War II Keynesian state which achieved high rates of economic growth while developing publicly financed education, health, employment, and pension policies and consequently reducing the inequality between rich and poor. Neo-liberalism's populist, anti-government rhetoric has blinded public consciousness to the costs of empowering market actors freed of responsibility for the destructive environmental and social consequences of their corporate actions." (Préface in English, Rioux & al. 2016).
North American trade deals have increasingly shaped our societies and they can, as Clarkson suggested, be considered like new global trade constitutions empowering multinationals and constraining governments.
The Contradictory Impacts of Regional Economic Models
The third Clarkson narrative concerns regional integration models. He compared regions mostly North America with Europe and how both regions differed in their approach to integration processes. As regions are increasingly negotiating trade agreements with one another, he contributed to the development of the concept of inter-regionalism to explain both the dynamics of convergence and divergence across highly dissimilar regional economies.
When comparing the North American regionalism with the broader European model, Stephen was evidently disappointed. In North America, regional integration is a less ambitious project. It has developed as a mainly contractual and essentially strategic model, oriented on economic issues. In North America, there was no plan for a gradual and incremental process leading to a single market or to a monetary and political union. The goal is primarily opening up markets and adopting rules for markets in an attempt to boost competitiveness. Partners work to eliminate restrictive policies and regulations rather than to build a common and supranational approach in a multidimensional perspective; i.e. taking into account the public good in economic governance as part of a wider social and political integration project. Nowadays, the European Union is an economic, legal, monetary and political reality, even though an imperfect and contested one. Fiscal and social policies and the pressures linked to the 2008 economic crisis and the management – or the lack of – of the migration issues in the recent past have paved the way for new risks of institutional implosion such as Brexit, which is underway, and in the recent past, the forced upon departure of Greece or Grexit.
Clarkson was pragmatic about how far he could take this comparison. Even though, he liked the European model, he also knew that it could not be adopted in North America. He distinguished between the two models of regionalisms, the first developed in Europe and a second generation type emerging in North America in the late 1980s and early 90s. In the European case, the economic dimension would be completed by adding a very elaborate supranational legal and political institutions evolving over time. There is a strong sense of community and identity that speaks volumes about the national and sub-national layers of governance in the European Union. Like Robert Pastor who, in the United States, deployed much time and energy to define and promote the concept of the importance and value of an emerging North America community that existed beyond the free trade ideal, Clarkson also pushed the idea that a sense of community could and should emerge in North America.
More recently, CETA, the negotiations of TPP and the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership involving the United States and the European Union, have launched a new process of inter-regionalism that would incorporate and articulate a developed regional integration models of regionalisms. Stephen also sought to grasp these new realities of integration processes in his later writing and research.
When Canada and the EU negotiated an ambitious agreement like CETA, how does this agreement compare to the regional integration processes underway on both sides of the Atlantic? What does it mean for their respective lives of citizens and for their interactions with government and nonstate actors that will increase over the next years as the Agreement become a living experiment and eventually take a life of its own. For some, this indicates the emergence of a third generation of integration processes that is increasingly interregional in nature. Recent trade agreements are very ambitious, more ambitious than NAFTA, but there are no plans or possibility of creating a single unit like the EU. New words, like comprehensive and partnership, combine to define what Christian Deblock depicted as an 'interconnection' model that is essentially geared towards regulatory cooperation and governance. He writes that:
In the current decade, two trends closely related to the new issues of globalisation have begun to emerge. First, trade negotiations increasingly revolve around cross-border trade, digital trade and value chains. Second, they are characterised by their interoperability. Today's globalisation does not so much integrate as connect. And with interconnection, the problem of international regulatory cooperation arises. This issue is now at the core of discussions within the OECD, APEC or new trade agreements, according to terms and principles very different from previous negotiations. (Deblock, 2016, p. 9)
CETA involves regulatory co-operation in many domains and certainly has the potential of significantly changing national regulations. The intent of the TPP also placed emphasis on regulatory co-operation across the Pacific. The Transatlantic Partnership (TTIP) negotiations between Europe and the United States also involved such far reaching regulatory cooperation. The EU negotiator for the TTIP made no secret of it. Important issues are the investor-state dispute mechanism, electronic commerce, norms and standards, including labour standards and rights. Undoubtedly, this interconnection model does not imply loss of sovereignty, but it certainly will have a great impact on many policies and regulations. This raises several questions, including that of the democratic legitimacy of a new and further shifts of power and regulatory authority between states and markets.
Pessimist or Eternal Sceptic?
Building on the fundamental complex relationships between states, markets and North American integration, Clarkson identified the powerful and often dangerous dynamics unleashed by globalization, Clarkson always paid attention to power relationships and asymmetries in the light of Canada's relations with its continental global neighbour. He was critical but never pessimistic about North America. Yet, I think he wished for more cooperation and more balanced relations between countries and between states and markets. At that time of pessimism and national retreat, we will miss his insights but we are lucky to have such a rich legacy of scholarship and intellectual research to draw on.
It is hoped that trade deals will also strike new balances between states and markets. Transparency, more participatory process during negotiations and enforcement, and more balanced agreements taking into account the social and environmental dimensions are key elements for the future of globalization. North America has to invent new types of cooperation and governance, regulatory schemes in this world of transnational and global networks. In my view, this is the biggest challenge we have before us and one that Stephen was always motivated to undertake with boundless energy. He believed that Canada would find a way to provide answers to the complex challenges of North American integration. Perhaps the trump card of NAFTA is the Trump Presidency which has triggered a wider discussion on North American regional integration. Canada is now promoting a new progressive trade agenda in North America with its trading partners around the world. Last May, Ed Broadbent challenged the perspective and its depth in these words:
"One part of a response to growing inequality is to change the rules of the game in international trade. The Liberal government has suggested it wants such change. It claims to believe in "progressive trade." However, in the recent negotiations with Europe, the government signed on to a pact, the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement, that pays only lip service to labour rights."
It is also the case that Canada is intent to negotiate several new trade agreements, particularly with China and Mercosur, and has started NAFTA re-negotiations. The interaction between globalization and social progress is becoming increasingly important in the public debates. Many international instruments exist; however, they remain largely ineffective to produce a socially responsible globalization process. More ambitious social and environmental clauses in trade agreements might be elements of a wider solution, but significantly there is a deeper questioning of the social and political significance of what states are attempting to achieve while multiplying trade agreements.
In these new conditions unquestionably Canadian political economy will be subjected to powerful and volatile structural forces determined by the wider North American political economy. But there is no doubt that Clarkson also believed in Canada and its potential in playing a key role within the international system as well as in the world economy. Yet, for this to occur, one must learn from history and understand how to steer collective action nationally and internationally towards a better life in North America. In this regards, it is important to end with the one more quote from Clarkson:
Whatever label one uses to describe the centrality of the past in limiting the options available in the present which determine the shape of the future, it is important to keep it in mind since, because world power relations are in such a constant flux, so much analysis has focused on immediate happenings that "change" is typically presented with little attention being paid to the historic roots of the reality experiencing change. (Préface in English Alena conjugué au passé, présent et futur. Rioux &al. 2015.)
It is in this context that Canada faces numerous challenges. Not only regional integration has changed, but Canadian economic productivity has also lost ground to American industries and lags further behind the US commanding presence in new global value chains and digital trade. Clearly, Canada also needs to move towards a more innovative and progressive trade agenda. In this new setting, Stephen Clarkson's contribution to the study of political economy of North American regionalism and globalization has much to teach us
Ed Broadbent, « Let's make human rights central to a new NAFTA » The Globe & Mail, May 5th, 2017.
Stephen Clarkson, Uncle Sam and Us: Globalization, Neoconservatism, and the Canadian State. Toronto; Washington: Toronto UP and Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 2002
Christian Deblock, "From regionalism to cross-regionalism", Great Insights, December 2016, p. 8-9.
Michèle Rioux, Christian Deblock et Laurent Viau, L'Aléna conjugué au passé, au présent et au futur, PUQ, 2015.
Michèle Rioux, Mathieu Ares and Ping Huang (2015), Beyond NAFTA with Three Countries: The Impact of Global Value Chains on an Outdated Trade Agreement. Open Journal of Political Science, 5, 264-276. doi: 10.4236/ojps.2015.54028.
Michèle Rioux and Christian Deblock "NAFTA: The Trump Card of the United States?", Studies in Political Economy, no. 41, 1993, pp.7-44.
Douglas A. Ross, "Clarkson, Stephen. Uncle Sam and Us: Globalization, Neoconservatism, and the Canadian State", International Journal, October 1, 2004.
"Nationalism versus Continentalism: Clarksonian Perspectives"
February 27, 2018 Marjorie Griffin Cohen
The Clarkson Story up until Now and the Uncertain Future of The WTO
January 10, 2018 Marjorie Griffin Cohen
When Will the Fiesta Start? Mexico-Canada Relations in a New North America
November 25, 2017 Marjorie Griffin Cohen
Louis Pauly on Clarkson's Great Transformation


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19-07-2012 | Surgery | Article
Breast-conserving surgery carries high reoperation risk
MedWire News: Women who undergo breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer may be at an increased risk for reoperation, research suggests.
One in five women with breast cancer who underwent breast-conserving surgery in England between 2005 and 2008 had a reoperation, say David Cromwell (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK) and team in the BMJ.
It is therefore important that clinicians inform women of this reoperation risk when deciding on the best type of surgical treatment for their breast cancer, they stress.
In particular, the team found that reoperation was significantly more common among women with a carcinoma in situ component recorded at the time of the primary breast-conserving surgery than in those without, at 29.5% versus 18.0%.
The increased risk for reoperation among women with a carcinoma in situ component coded persisted after adjustment for age, comorbidities, and socioeconomic factors, at an odds ratio of 1.9 compared with those who did not have a carcinoma in situ component.
"The problem partly relates to difficulties in identifying the extent rather than just the presence of carcinoma in situ, because many tumors are multifocal," the authors explain.
"Greater use of imaging techniques, such as whole breast ultrasonography, may help to reduce this problem."
Of the 55,297 women who had primary breast-conserving surgery in the UK from 2005 to 2008, 11,032 (20.0%) had at least one reoperation within 3 months.
Of these, 10,212 (18.5%) had one reoperation only - 5943 (10.7%) had a further breast-conserving procedure and 4269 (7.7%) had a mastectomy. The remaining 820 (1.5%) women had two or more reoperations.
This means that of the 5943 women who had a second breast-conserving procedure, 13.8% had inadequate margins and needed at least one more reoperation, the authors note.
Among women who had just one reoperation, the proportion who had mastectomy rather than another breast-conserving procedure was not significantly associated with whether or not their tumor had a carcinoma in situ component coded.
Further analysis revealed that the reoperation rate among women who had breast-conserving surgery varied significantly across the 148 UK National Health Service (NHS) trusts included in the study.
After adjusting for patients' characteristics, "some English NHS trusts had adjusted reoperation rates below 10%, whereas for others it was above 30%," the authors note.
"This raises questions about the uniformity of the selection criteria for both primary breast-conserving surgery and reoperation," they say.
MedWire (www.medwire-news.md) is an independent clinical news service provided by Springer Healthcare Limited. © Springer Healthcare Ltd; 2012
By Piriya Mahendra
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Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Qatar on Syria
Kilic Bugra Kanat Posted On March 7, 2015
The tragedy in Syria necessitates Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Qatar to leave aside these disagreements and deal with this issue together.
The recent visit by President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan to Saudi Arabia and rather cordial meetings with the Turkish delegation and Saudi officials can open a new page in bilateral relations between Turkey and Saudi Arabia. Especially the positive messages from the two leaders, Erdoğan and King Salman, with the potential support of Qatar can also influence regional politics, especially the crisis in Syria. The situation in the Middle East, especially the conflicts in Syria and Iraq, demonstrated that regional actors need to play a more coordinated and pro-active role in the resolution of conflicts. Although some of the issues in the Middle East necessitate an international engagement and enterprise, the regional contributions for the solution of regional problems can become very instrumental in the achievement of long-term security and stability in the Middle East. This need for a regional collective enterprise by regional countries is to achieve the same goal in Syria more than anywhere else in the region. For the last four years the negligence of the Western world concerning the increasingly worsening humanitarian situation on the ground and the lack of meaningful support for opposition groups has demonstrated that there is a very serious need for and a vacuum of coordinated action by the regional actors to pursue a free, independent and stable Syria.
In regard to the conflict in Syria the main principles have already been set forth. Despite some reports that the U.S. is increasingly more inclined to accept a solution with Syrian President Bashar Assad after the rise of the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS), there was no follow up of the statement by U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry in which he avoided asking Assad to step down. Now the U.S. and the Western world might understand in order to degrade and destroy ISIS, the real partners have to be strong regional actors that can appeal to the people in the region. The position of the main opposition groups in Syria also did not change with regard to the future of Syria and Assad. Neither a meeting in Moscow nor a conference in a regional capital can easily change the position of the opposition groups. So far, none of the major opposition groups are expressing a willingness to agree to a future Syria with Assad as its president. Instead, these groups are repeatedly expressing that it would be unacceptable to pressure the Syrian people, who sacrificed their lives and families in order to fight the regime, for a solution that includes the survival and/or leadership of the Assad regime.
Under these circumstances it falls to the regional actors that endorse the same goal as the Syrian opposition to bring together their efforts and to strategize a way to end the rule of those who have "blood on their hand" and build a safe and secure Syria. This needs to be a long-lasting partnership since the end of the Assad regime will be only the first step toward a solution of social, economic, political and infrastructure problems in Syria. All of these three countries have different capabilities and have outreach with different groups and actors on the ground. Their collective action can also help them to not waste their resources and channel them for reaching effective and meaningful goals.
It is true that these actors do not agree on every issue in the region. It is not a secret that there are serious disagreements between these actors regarding the conflict in Gaza and about the situation in Egypt. However, the tragedy in Syria necessitates these actors to leave aside these disagreements and deal with this issue together. The transition in leadership in Saudi Arabia provides an important opportunity in this realm. With the new king and power configuration in the country and with increasing dialogue among these three countries, they can establish a new and strong bloc in Syria. This partnership and cooperation can provide a more effective channel of assistance to the Syrian opposition and increase the influence and clout of this bloc in the international sphere in regard to the Syrian war. All of these three countries have reached a point of understanding that without a solution in Syria it would be quite difficult for them to pursue their individual foreign policy goals and deal with the threats to their own national security.
This article was originally published in Daily Sabah on March 7, 2015.
Erdoğan's quest for trilateral Syria diplomacy


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New Venezuela Opposition CITGO Board Meets, Appoints New Corporate Officers
HOUSTON -- CITGO Petroleum Corporation has confirmed its newly appointed Board of Directors after the Opposition-dominated National Assembly.
The Board includes Luisa Palacios as Chairwoman, Rick Esser, Edgar Rincón, Angel Olmeta, Luis Urdaneta and Andres Eloy Padilla.
"Together with CITGO senior leadership, the Board will work to guarantee the company's financial and operational stability; enhance its corporate governance; and protect its assets," Citgo reported.
"CITGO is a historic brand that provides enormous value to the American economy and the communities in which it operates," said Luisa Palacios, newly appointed Chairwoman of the CITGO Board. "With highly complex refineries and, more importantly, best-in-class employees that keep this company running smoothly, CITGO is – and will remain – a major player in the energy industry. This Board will be working hard to provide the stability, leadership and protection that ensures it remains so."
Friday's meeting included an intensive review of the company's business units, which provided ample opportunity for the Board to interact with the internal management team. The meeting included an in-depth discussion of the company's finances, operations and immediate challenges so the Board can quickly develop and implement its vision going forward.
Additionally, the Board nominated and elected several corporate officers, including unanimous approval of Rick Esser as Executive Vice President.
"With the full support of the Board, Rick will immediately assume responsibility for the day-to-day strategic decisions and operations of CITGO while the company conducts an intensive internal and external search for a chief executive officer," Citgo reported.
The following corporate officers were also confirmed on Feb. 22:
Vice President of Refining – Art Klein
Vice President and General Manager Lake Charles Refinery – Jerry Dunn
Vice President and General Manager Lemont Refinery – Dennis Willig
Vice President and General Manager Corpus Christi Refinery – Trina Martinez
Vice President of Supply and Marketing – Karl Schmidt
Vice President of Finance – Curtis Rowe
Vice President of Shared Services – Glenn Hilman
General Counsel and Assistant Secretary – Judith Colbert
Corporate Treasurer – Gina Coon
Corporate Controller – Barry Treas
"These officers were chosen not only for their experience and knowledge, but also because of their demonstrated commitment to the company over the years," continued Palacios. "CITGO is a strong company and, working together as the corporate leaders, we will fortify it even further."
The extraordinary oil and gas industry experiences of the Board and Officers will enhance corporate governance and add significant depth to the Company's strategic decision making and long-term vision. Last year, CITGO achieved one of its strongest earnings results in the last ten years, providing a solid foundation from which the new leadership team will operate.
About the Board of Directors
Luisa Palacios is the newly appointed Chairwoman of the Board of CITGO Petroleum Corporation. Prior to her appointment, Ms. Palacios was a Senior Managing Director and member of the Management Committee of Medley Global Advisors where, during her career, she also served as head of Emerging Markets Research and Latin America Research. She previously worked at Barclays Capital, Society Generale and the Japan Bank for International Cooperation. She graduated from Universidad Católica Andrés Bello and received a master's degree in international affairs from Columbia University's School of International and Public Affairs, and a Ph.D. in international affairs from The John Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies. She is a non-resident fellow at the Center for Energy Policy at Columbia University and a Visiting Professor at the Energy Center of Caracas-based IESA's School of Management.
Rick Esser is the newly appointed Executive Vice President of CITGO Petroleum Corporation. Prior to this appointment, Mr. Esser served as Vice President of Compliance and Chief Strategy Officer. With more than 28 years of refining industry experience, he joined CITGO in 1997, and has served in numerous roles, including General Manager Pricing; General Manager Product Supply, Distribution and Trading; General Manager Crude Supply; Assistant Vice President Supply & Marketing; and Vice President of Supply & Marketing. Prior to joining CITGO, he spent seven years at the UNO-VEN Company before it became part of CITGO with the acquisition of the Lemont Refinery. Mr. Esser holds a master's degree in business administration from Keller Graduate School of Management and a bachelor's degree in business administration, marketing and management from the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Edgar Rincón is the Senior Vice President of Operations for the Western Hemisphere for Nabors Drilling. During his career with Nabors, Mr. Rincón also worked as Senior Vice President of Operations for the United States, Chief Procurement Officer and Vice President of Supply Chain. Prior to joining Nabors, Mr. Rincón worked at Pacific Drilling and McKinsey & Company in various leadership positions. He holds a master's in business administration with distinction from the Stephen M. Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan and a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering from the Universidad Simón Bolívar.
Angel Olmeta had a long career in Petróleos de Venezuela S.A. (PDVSA), occupying various positions in strategic and corporate planning and corporate acquisitions, where he oversaw the purchase of CITGO by PDVSA. He also served as Executive Vice President of CITGO, Chief Operating Officer and a member of its Board. At the time of his retirement in 1998, he was a member of the Board of Directors of PDVSA. Mr. Olmeta received a bachelor's degree from the United States Military Academy (West Point) and graduate degrees from Columbia University, New York University and the University of Colorado.
Luis Urdaneta is a former Vice President of PDVSA, former President of the CITGO Board and PDV America. He also served as Executive Vice President of an oil exploration and development company in Colombia and Chief Executive Officer of a coal company in Colombia. He spent more than 30 years in the Venezuelan oil industry. He graduated from the University of Zulia and received master's degrees in petroleum engineering and computer science from Pennsylvania State University.
Andres Eloy Padilla is a Finance and Logistics Control Analyst at INABLO LLC, a full-service food import and export company. Prior to his current position, Mr. Padilla held finance-related positions in various Venezuelan companies. He received Bachelor of Business Administration and Master of Business Administration degrees from Florida International University.
About the Board Secretary
Fernando Vera is an attorney and the current Board Secretary of CITGO Petroleum Corporation. His practice specializes in energy project development and financial and corporate matters, including the restructuring and implementation of infrastructure projects and investments in hydrocarbons projects. Mr. Vera previously served as a member and corporate secretary of the boards of various oil and gas companies in Latin America. He is a retired counsel of Gámez & Vera Abogados and also served as an attorney in an affiliate of The AES Corporation: C.A La Electricidad de Caracas until 2005 and in The Third Party Unit of the Exploration and Production Division of PDVSA until January 2003. Mr. Vera graduated from Universidad Católica Andrés Bello in 1997 and holds a Master of Law (LL.M) degree from The Washington College of Law, The American University, and a Master of Business Administration from IE Business School, Madrid, Spain.
About CITGO
Headquartered in Houston, Texas, CITGO Petroleum Corporation is a recognized leader in the refining industry with a well-known brand. CITGO operates three refineries located in Corpus Christi, Texas; Lake Charles, La.; and Lemont, Ill., and wholly and/or jointly owns 48 terminals, nine pipelines and three lubricants blending and packaging plants. With approximately 3,400 employees and a combined crude capacity of approximately 749,000 barrels-per-day (bpd), CITGO is ranked as the sixth-largest, and one of the most complex independent refiners in the United States. CITGO transports and markets transportation fuels, lubricants, petrochemicals and other industrial products and supplies a network of approximately 5,000 locally owned and operated branded retail outlets in 30 states and the District of Columbia. CITGO Petroleum Corporation is owned by CITGO Holding, Inc.


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Tackling the wide ranging and complex problem of alcoholism in the society
A literary analysis of yuki chan in a journey to topaz
Various styles of writing alphabets letter
Fascism and communism
On the other hand, in Fascism, the state has control over everything. From toMussolini was the Che Guevara of his day, a living saint of leftism.
Advisers to Government are picked by merit rather than election. Mussolini and Hitler were put into power by Big Business, because Big Business was challenged by the revolutionary working class.
Nkrumah and friends face the camera The logic underlying their shifting position was that there was unfortunately going to be no working-class revolution, Fascism and communism in the advanced countries, or in less developed countries like Italy.
Fascism introduced a form of state which was claustrophobic in its oppressiveness. Earliest Remnants Theorized by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels in the midth century as an alternative to capitalism and feudalism, communism was not tried out until after the revolution in Russia in the early s.
And if my nation demands that I betray truth and beauty, then I should betray truth and beauty. As the paramount figure of the Italian left, Mussolini had it made.
Definitions of fascism Historians, political scientists and other scholars have long debated the exact nature of fascism.
An extremely nationalistic, authoritarian state usually led by one person at the head of one party a dictator. Everything is owned by the government.
The Fascists came to associate the term with the ancient Roman fasces or fascio littorio [23] —a bundle of rods tied around an axe, [24] an ancient Roman symbol of the authority of the civic magistrate [25] carried by his lictorswhich could be used for corporal and capital punishment at his command.
Fascists argued that equality was impossible and hierarchy ineluctable.
But now, the enemies of democracy are using this very method to sell us fear and hate and vanity. The late professor Rudolph J. Unitarianism repudiates all the distinctive tenets of Christianity, yet is still clearly an offshoot of Christianity, preserving an affinity with its parental stem.
Wars during the 20th century cost an estimated 71 million to million lives. Socialism is the ideology that comes after liberalism and conservatism. Mussolini states that the corporations were the most important part of a country and that the government should work with them to make a better country.
Both reject other forms of socialism despite themselves evolving from it, both reject liberalism and democracy despite evolving from them. Fascism became popular between and and the term has become an epithet for all bad things. An elementary implication of this position is that leftist-initiated strikes and violent confrontations are not merely irrelevant pranks but actual hindrances to progress.
Stalin was a paranoid tyrant who cared nothing for philosophy. Traditional Marxists had believed that much government interference, such as protective tariffs, should be opposed, as it would slow down the development of the productive forces technology and thereby delay the revolution.Blackshirts and Reds: Rational Fascism and the Overthrow of Communism [Michael Parenti] on cheri197.com *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers.
Blackshirts & Reds explores some of the big issues of our time: fascism, capitalism, communism, revolution. This comment came from Jeff after commenting was closed: I read your article about the differences of fascism, socialism and communism.
You might want to do some research on what fascism really is. Progressive Labor Party (PLP) fights to destroy capitalism and the dictatorship of the capitalist class. We organize workers, soldiers and youth into a revolutionary movement for communism.
Main Difference. The Communism is basically a financial framework that stands for a class-less, state-less and a populist society. The Fascism, on the other side, is. The Devil in History is a provocative analysis of the relationship between communism and fascism.
Reflecting the author's personal experiences within communist totalitarianism, this is a book about political passions, radicalism, utopian ideals, and their catastrophic consequences in the twentieth century's experiments in social engineering.
In communism, totalitarian thinking was completely enthralled to the party line, whereas in fascism, all ideas stemmed from the magnetic personality of the infallible leader.
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Kaim – obszar Krakowa wchodzący w skład Dzielnicy XII Bieżanów-Prokocim.

Wieś dóbr prestymonialnych kapituły katedralnej krakowskiej w powiecie szczyrzyckim województwa krakowskiego w końcu XVI wieku.

Etymologia nazwy
Nazwa Kaim najprawdopodobniej pochodzi od nazwy osobowej Kaja, Kajmir, również z  języka pruskiego: kaims – wieś, od  określeń indoeuropejskich caymis oznaczających wieś, osadę. Również germańskie keim, heim (staro-wysoko-niemiecki: kaim, haim) – osada.

Historia
Pierwotnie jedna część wsi Kaim stanowiła własność rycerską, druga należała do kapituły krakowskiej. W 1258 r. Chwalibóg, syn Dobiesława, zrzekł się praw do części wsi na rzecz kapituły krakowskiej. W 1464 r. Kazimierz IV Jagiellończyk przeniósł miejscowość z prawa polskiego na prawo niemieckie.

Atrakcje turystyczne
W pobliżu dawnej wsi na wzgórzu Kaim znajduje się obelisk, wzniesiony przez Austriaków podczas I wojny światowej, dla upamiętnienia odparcia ofensywy z 6 grudnia 1914 roku wojsk rosyjskich atakujących Kraków.

Wzgórze jest także atrakcyjnym punktem widokowym.

Przypisy

Bibliografia
 Encyklopedia Krakowa, 2000, PWN, Warszawa – Kraków,

Dzielnica XII Bieżanów-Prokocim
Wsie kapituły katedralnej krakowskiej (województwo krakowskie)


Late check out (after 11:00 AM and before 1:30 AM) may result in a fee.
All reservations made in person, here and on our website are final and non-refundable and when you submit a reservation you declare that you accept our policies. The full amount can be charged at any time after you make a reservation. In case of no-show or cancellation, the full price will be charged. Please be advised that our cancellation policy is 72 hrs before 2 pm of arrival day, and there are no refunds after check-in. Cancellations are accepted by e-mail only. Non-refundable rate bookings can be canceled at any time, with 100% penalty.
Check out before 10:00 am. Late check-out possible, for 70 pesos unti 12:59 pm, late check-ot fee is automatically charged at 1:00 pm in the value of the following night. Late check-out fee does not guarantee a new reservation in case of overbooking.
If you want to check in early you're welcome to leave your luggage here until your room is ready. Reception is open 24 hours.
We offer our best available rates on our website and such reservations made directly on divehostel.com are non-refundable.
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Taxes not included - 16% IVA/VAT + 3% city tax + 25.34 MXN environmental tax per night.
Breakfast not included. There are 10 different amazing breakfast places within 200 meters from our main entrance to chose from or feel free to use our kitchen. We provide some basic food ingredients as a courtesy, subject to availability.
No children. Minimum age 18 years.
Quiet hours: 10 pm - 8 am. Divers need to rest before diving and avoid a hangover. Go out or go to bed.
Cozumel's number one boutique hostel, 2tank Dive Hostel, offers a central location, just steps from the Main Square (1 minute from the ferry pier), affordable lodging and the best backpacker scuba diving packages, daily dive trips, try dives and PADI certification courses from our in-house dive shop and diving school. We offer clean and affordable accommodation options with AC in all rooms, fully equipped kitchen and free fast WiFi in our modern, unique designer hostel. We are in the very heart of the city, just a 1-minute walk from the ferry pier from Playa del Carmen being the closest accommodation for travelers. Our knowledgeable and friendly staff and our in-house dive shop are at your service to book a spot for our daily 2 tank scuba diving trips. With our in-house instructors, you can take the daily PADI Open Water Diver, Advanced, and other levels of dive certification courses.
Policies and Conditions: Check in from 14:00. Check out before 11:00 am. If you arrive early you're welcome to leave your luggage here until your room is ready.
Reception is open from 7 am - 11 pm.
Reservations on our website are final and non-refundable. The property may charge your card for the full price of your reservation at any time after your booking and before your arrival.
When you submit a reservation you declare that you accept our policies. In case of no-show or cancellation, the full price will be charged.
Flexible rates available on all major booking sites.
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No breakfast. Non-smoking. Zero drug tolerance. Silent hours between 10 pm and 8 am. Go out or go to bed.
No alcohol consumption allowed during silent hours. Our diver's safety is our first priority.


We have all you need to make your Bachelorette Party a night to remember!
Then choose your pampering with Antoinette DiMascio of Hildegardian Wellness.
A 90 minute gentle and restorative yoga class with hands on Massage with Linda Addario of the Bodyworks Wellness Center.
Maximum of 5 participants. $50 per person.
Enjoy a fun power yoga class that will energize you for a night out with your friends! Move and sweat to music and finish off with some light fare.


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Home / Books / Back from the Front: Combat Trauma, Love, and the Family (An update of Vietnam Wives)
Back from the Front: Combat Trauma, Love, and the Family (An update of Vietnam Wives)
This book helps veterans and their families understand how the trauma associated with war can cause problems with self-esteem, communication, sexuality, and parenting.
Back from the Front: Combat Trauma, Love, and the Family (An update of Vietnam Wives) quantity
By Aphrodite Matsakis
This book helps veterans and their families understand how the trauma associated with war can cause problems with self-esteem, communication, sexuality, and parenting. But, more important, it shows them what they can do to improve their lives. The book also helps veteran families recognize their strengths and appreciate the ways a veteran's combat experiences can enrich family relationships.
To write about the combat veteran is to write about fortitude, dedication and selflessness, and about experiences unfathomable to those who have never known the indescribable horrors of war. To write about you – the veteran's spouse or partner – is to write about another kind of loyalty and perseverance and yet another kind of pain and sadness.
The trauma of war can affect not only the warriors, but their partners and children as well. Often it is you, the veteran's partner, who helps sustain the veteran during his or her depressions, anxiety attacks, and post-traumatic reactions. It may also be you, and perhaps you alone, who has sustained your veteran's will to live during his or her most anguished moments. Unfortunately, some veterans vent their anger (at themselves or at others whom they felt betrayed them) on the people they love and who love them the most—their partners and children.
The purpose of this book is to help you (and your veteran) better understand combat trauma and its possible effects on intimate relationships and family life and to guide you to resources that can help strengthen every member of your family. The beginning chapters provide basic information about combat trauma and how it can lead to depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and other forms of emotional pain. The remaining chapters focus on some of the most common problems confronting families of combat veterans: emotional numbing, sexual difficulties, anger, and guilt.
There are also chapters on family violence, children, women veterans, and military couples and sections on how to cope with anger and depression, how to find helpful organizations and books, and how to communicate effectively on difficult issues.
In addition to describing the tensions that can result from combat trauma, this book emphasizes the many ways a veteran's war experiences can help enrich individual family members and the family as a whole. Just as one part of your family cannot suffer without that suffering affecting the entire unit, if your veteran has grown emotionally (or spiritually) as the result of combat, his or her growth can influence and inspire you and other family members. Keep in mind that the turmoil you and your veteran are experiencing can lay the foundation for more meaningful relationships and for an improved outlook on life.
This book is based on the available research on the impact of combat trauma on family life and on some thirty years of clinical experience with veterans (male and female) and their partners and children.
1. What Is Combat Trauma?
2. Common Traumatic Reactions
Post-traumatic Stress and other Anxiety Disorders
3. Questions and Answers about Combat Trauma
How many veterans really suffer from symptoms of combat trauma?
What effect can combat experience have on symptoms of combat trauma?
What effect can the atmosphere at home have on veterans?
How might war affect veterans spiritually and morally?
Why are some veterans more affected by combat than others?
How can war affect veterans physically?
How can war affect veterans' ways of thinking?
What are some of the positive benefits of combat duty?
4. Emotional Distancing
5. Combat Stress and Sex
6. Anger, Grief, and Guilt
7. The Reality of Multiple Roles
8. Battered Women
9. Women Veterans
Military-related gender harassment
Sexual and physical assault
10. Military Couples
11. Combat Stress and Children
12. Suicide and the Veteran Family
13. "I Believe in Love"—The Hope of Therapy
A. Coping with Anger and Depression
B. Help in Selecting a Therapist or Therapy Program
C. Resources and Suggested Readings
D. Couples Counseling
E. Guidelines for Effective Communication
F. Some Do's and Dont's for Significant Others
Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence – from Domestic Abuse to Political Terror


Torn Banner Studios is a small indie developer that got started making one of the most popular mods for Half-Life 2: Age of Chivalry. The mod featured a fast-paced first-person melee combat system and garnered praise for its accomplishments within the constraints of being only a free mod. Now, Team Chivalry expanded and formed their new studio for their first fully-fledged release: Chivalry: Medieval Warfare.
Chivarly is billed as an FPS (First-Person Slasher) that can also be played in third-person view. The game tasks you with competing against other players online (single player bot matches are available as well) to complete a series of objectives on various different maps. There are no "game modes" as each map has its own gameplay objectives and story to follow. You may be tasked with simply killing the other team in an Arena, or maybe you have to murder all the villagers in the other towns city, break down the castle door and eventually kill their king? Each map has its own unique set of objectives and features ensuring gameplay variety, or you can set it to free-for-all mode or team deathmatch, it's all up to you!
Combat consists of wielding one of the over 60 types of weapons and using your mouse to strategically attack and block incoming strikes from opponents. Combat is fast, fierce and brutal and you can easily be killed in a single blow if not careful. Complete with appropriately gory decapitation and dismemberment the game adequately captures the tone of the era in striking detail. I can't wait to stake my claim to fame and earn my share of blood and glory on the battlefield.
Chivalry: Medieval Warfare released today, October 16th on Steam, their official site, and other outlets available from their buy now page. Keep an eye on The Koalition for our incoming review and future coverage! Check out the launch trailer above and let us know what you think in the comments below.
Check out my full review right here!


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Science Gallery Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland –
The Science Gallery is a public science centre at Trinity College. Opened in 2008 and housed in Trinity's Naughton Institute, it holds various exhibitions and lectures with a view to science outreach and art-science collaborations. Unlike most science centres, it has no permanent collection, but rather a series of 4-6 temporary exhibitions each year. Science Gallery is a world first. A new type of venue where today's scientific issues are thrashed out and you can have your say. A place where ideas meet and opinions collide. Since opening in 2008, over one million of you have visited the Gallery. It had over 300,000 visitors in 2012
1. Science Gallery Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland -
The Science Gallery is a public science centre at Trinity College. Opened in 2008 and housed in Trinity's Naughton Institute, it holds various exhibitions and lectures with a view to science outreach and art-science collaborations. Unlike most science centres, it has no permanent collection, but rather a series of 4-6 temporary exhibitions each year. Science Gallery is a world first. A new type of venue where today's scientific issues are thrashed out and you can have your say. A place where ideas meet and opinions collide. Since opening in 2008, over one million of you have visited the Gallery. It had over 300,000 visitors in 2012
Book of Kells, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland - Top 10 Things to See and Do
National Botanic Gardens, Dublin
Tayto Park, Ashbourne, Co Meath, Ireland - Top Kids Things to See and Do
The National Gallery of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland - Things to See and Do
National Natural History Museum of Ireland, Dublin City, Ireland - Top 10 Things to See and Do
General Post Office, GPO Dublin City, Ireland - Things to See and Do
Dublinia, Heritage Centre, Dublin City, Ireland - Top 10 Things to See and Do
St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, Ireland - Top 10 Things to See and Do
Dublin Zoo, Phoenix Park, Dublin, Ireland - Top 10 Things to See and Do


2018 Anthology 2014-2016, Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington D.C.
Touret, Tarina. "Tony Lewis Reimagines 'Calvin and Hobbes' as Poetry." The Hoya, Apr. 5, 2018.
"Constructing Drawings With Chicago-Based Artist Tony Lewis." Bowdoin, Mar. 27, 2018.
2017 "With 'Plunder,' Tony Lewis deconstructs racial language, history." The Bay State Banner, Dec. 15, 2017.
Halio, Grace. "Tony Lewis Selected for Rose Art Museum Artist-in-Residence Award." Artnews, Oct. 4, 2017.
2016 Fort, Patrick. "Tony Lewis creates and destroys in new AAM show." Aspen Public Radio, July 7, 2016.
Mizota, Sharon. "At LAXArt, boundary-blurring drawing as a form of sculpture." Los Angeles Times, May 2, 2016.
2015 Fabricius, Jacob. "Tony Lewis: Pall." Mousse, No. 49, June 2015.
"Tony Lewis's Epigrammatic Abstractions." Inside \ Within, Jan. 2015.
Nelson, Solveig. "Tony Lewis." Artforum, Nov. 2015.
Yood, James. "Tony Lewis: 'Pall' at Shane Campbell Gallery." art ltd., Sept. 2015.
"Chicago." Kaleidoscope, Winter 2015: pp. 168-181.
2014 Loos, Ted. "A Biennial in the Making." Sotheby's Magazine, February 2014.
Young, Paul David. "Texting at the Whitney Biennial." Hyperallergic, March 15, 2014.
"Whitney Biennial 2014." Musemagazine.Blog, March 10, 2014.
Blake, Kevin. "Drawing Lines of Communication: A Conversation with Tony Lewis." Bad at Sports, April 2, 2014.
May 11." Gallerist NY, May 5, 2014.
Foumberg, Jason. "Eye Exam: Chicago Art News." Newcity, May 23, 2014.
Pechman, Ali. "Walls and Words." Artforum, May 2014.
"Nine Drawings for Charles." Black Visual Archive, No. 24, April 2013.
Nance, Kevin. "Chicago's Young Artists: What does the future hold?" Chicago Gallery News, May - August 2013.
Judd, Jason. "Tony Lewis." Make Space, April 15, 2013.
Goldstein, Andrew M. "10 Things the 2014 Whitney Biennial List Tells Us." Artspace, November 16, 2013.


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Corporate / Investor Relations
Pension Risk Transfer
Prudential Leadership
Prudential In the News
Prudential U.S. Business Research
Prudential Newsroom
Here is a selection of the latest press releases from Prudential. For more information from Corporate Public Relations at Prudential, please email GlobalCommunicationsMedia@prudential.com, or contact our communications staff.
Springfield Clinic partners with Prudential to oversee $300 million in retirement assets
Springfield Clinic, the second largest multispecialty clinic in Illinois, chose Prudential Retirement as record keeper for its defined contribution retirement plans.
Cameron Lochhead
PGIM names Cameron Lochhead global head of institutional relationships
Cameron Lochhead has been named global head of PGIM's Institutional Relationship Group, dedicated to deepening strong relationships with institutional clients and continuing to grow PGIM's reputation for superior client service.
Prudential Financial, Inc. 2019 Investor Day presentation materials and live webcast available
NEWARK, N.J., June 05, 2019 - Presentation materials for the Prudential Financial, Inc. (NYSE: PRU) conference for institutional investors and analysts are now available at Prudential's Investor Relations website, investor.prudential.com. The conference begins on Wednesday, June 5, 2019 at 1:00 p.m. ET.
Prudential Financial appoints Roger Putnam to lead U.S. customer service operations
Roger Putnam has joined Prudential Financial, Inc. (NYSE: PRU) as chief operating officer of the company's Enabling Solutions organization.
PGIM Real Estate Finance provides $200 million refinancing for Manhattan office building
PGIM Real Estate Finance has provided a $200 million refinancing loan to Jack Resnick & Sons for 315 Hudson St. in Manhattan.
Prudential Financial, Inc. to Hold 2019 Investor Day in Newark; Live Webcast to be Available
Prudential Financial, Inc. (NYSE: PRU) will hold a conference for institutional investors and analysts on Wednesday, June 5, 2019.
Aker Solutions and Reser's Fine Foods select Prudential to oversee retirement assets
NEWARK, N.J., May 29, 2019 - Aker Solutions, a global engineering company, and Reser's Fine Foods Inc., a national manufacturer and distributor of fresh and refrigerated prepared foods, chose Prudential Retirement as record keeper for their defined contribution retirement plans. Prudential Retirement is a business unit of Prudential Financial, Inc. (NYSE: PRU).
Prudential Plaza Building in Newark, NJ
Prudential names Stacey Goodman chief information officer
Prudential Financial, Inc. (NYSE: PRU) announced that Stacey Goodman will join the company as executive vice president and chief information officer, effective July 15. In this capacity, Goodman will lead a strategic, integrated enterprise-wide organization to deliver added value for customers, employees and shareholders through the optimal use of data, information, and digital and technology platforms.
Prudential Financial Declares Quarterly Dividend on Common Stock
NEWARK, N.J., May 14, 2019 - Prudential Financial, Inc. (NYSE:PRU) announced today the declaration of a quarterly dividend of $1.00 per share of Common Stock, payable on June 20, 2019, to shareholders of record at the close of business on May 28, 2019.
Prudential Financial, Rutgers-Newark partner to cultivate Newark change makers
NEWARK, N.J., May 7, 2019 – Rutgers University-Newark Chancellor Nancy Cantor announced today that Prudential Financial has committed $10 million to the Honors Living-Learning Community (HLLC) at Rutgers-Newark – the largest donation ever to Rutgers-Newark – to create the Prudential Scholars Program for Newark residents.
'Just Mercy' creates ripples far beyond the big screen
Para Español, marque el numero dos
Quincy Krosby's Q1 2020 Commentary: A Good Place
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Assurance IQ, LLC a wholly-owned subsidiary of Prudential Financial, Inc. matches buyers with products such as life and health insurance and auto insurance, enabling them to make purchases online or through an agent. Neither Prudential Financial, Inc. nor Assurance IQ offers, underwrites, or administers health plans or health insurance policies.
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Music, Baseball, and an Irish Fair- Explore Events Happening in Lowertown from August 8th-14th!
Grey Duck | 7pm | FREE!
Harriet Island | 3-11pm | FREE Admission | Live music, dance, and authentic vendors!
MN History Center | 9:15-10:15am | FREE!
Harriet Island | 10am-11pm | FREE Admission | Live music, dance, and authentic vendors!
CHS Field | 7:05pm | Best in Sow!
'Harriet Island | 10am-7pm | FREE Admission | Live music, dance, and authentic vendors!
CHS Field | 5:05pm | Jurassic Minnesota Pork!
CHS Field | 7:05pm | 40th Anniversary of Animal House!


The Chatswood Club is your local registered club located right in the heart of Chatswood's thriving business district. We have a great bar with a wide selection of drinks at competitive prices, a fantastic restaurant (perfect for the work lunch breaks), weekly promotions & a versatile function room: Level One.
Level One (Above The Chatswood Club) is the perfect venue for your next event. Whether it is a corporate or private function including, Weddings, 21st Birthdays, Reunions, Cocktail Parties, Sporting Events, Conferences, Sales Meetings, Product Launches or PR Functions, Level One is the place for your event. Click here to view the Level One website.
Each week The Chatswood Club is host to some great promotions Happy Hours, plus heaps more!!
Come in and see what's on today!
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