text:
Kick off of REAL HISTORY Series: First up, The Texas Revolution and Mexican-American War
I am a big history buff, and am one of those strange people who are able to read a history book and call it a pleasant experience. Most people read history books, nod their heads and agree inwardly that whatever the history book wrote is all 100% true. After all, it is a history book, it is non fiction and so ipso facto must be true.
But not everybody is an discerning idiot like myself.
And so I am kicking off a new series on the blog, called Real History. Because, when I read a history book, I have a 180 degree different attitude than most people - prove to me that what is written there is not bullshit.
After all, isn't believing that a history book is all true the same as believing that everything you see on TV "news" is true? Isn't that similar to religious faith? And since religious faith is bullshit.... Catch my drift?
Example. When two countries make war on each other, inevitably history books of both will be written about that. Make an effort and try to read history books of both nations about those events - you will be surprised that, although they describe the same battles and events, probably using the same documents as sources, the tone of them will be very different. An apocryphal example, but a truism never-the-less.
So - onward to XIX Century Texas.
The typical American schoolbook will describe the Texas revolution thusly: Texas was a Mexican territory at first, American folks (who immigrated to Mexico from USA -imagine that!) lived there peacefully and all was hunky dory. Then the evil Mexican president Santa Ana got uppity and the brave Texans had to revolt and fight for freedom, liberty and the American way. Even back then there were a lot of Mexicans, and so at Alamo the brave Texas folk got wiped out. See the glowing description here, from www.lone-star.net. From the webpage: "For many Americans and most Texans, the battle has become a symbol of patriotic sacrifice. Traditional popular depictions, including novels, stage plays, and motion pictures, emphasize legendary aspects that often obscure the historical event."
The Texas Revolution and the Alamo was tailor made for Hollywood, and the entertainment industry duly obliged and pumped out tens of blockbuster war movies, where white Texas colonists fight heroically the Mexican army.
After Alamo, the Texans did the impossible and actually won their independence, after defeating Santa Ana in a battle of San Jacinto. Basically the idiot Mexican president was captured, a knife was stuck to his throat, and he was gently asked told that if he wanted to live, he better grant Texas a nationhood separate from Mexico.
Santa Ana, the president of Mexico, graciously and enthusiastically agreed to Texas independence.
Shortly after, the white Texans, who as you remember immigrated to Mexico from USA, voted to rejoin USA. The evil Mexicans got uppity again and so the heroic American troops had to kill them. Here is the official version again.
Texas joined the American Union after Yoo Ess Ey's victory and everybody was happy.
That is the official version. Now sit down, grab a hot tea, hot coffee, or better yet some alcoholic beverage and get ready for the no bullshit zone of history.
Look up the wardata.net Mexican-American War Timeline. Take your time. I would gently ask you to pay attention to the word slaves as you read the timeline.
See something interesting? That's right, in the official US History version the slave issue is almost non existent.
What follows is the unofficial (and true) history of the Texas Reolution and the Mexican-American War.
Let's start in the beginning then. Mexico was a colony of Spain, and fought a War of Independence to become a nation. One of the first issues it dealt with oddly enough was American immigration into Mexico. A American business man, named Moses Austin, swindled a deal with the then Spanish (as in Spain, the colonial country) authorities and got their permission to bring 300 American immigrants to Mexico. This Moses fellow led a very interesting life, as he pursued the ancient American dream of making big $$$ for himself. He moved from place to place, never letting anything stop him, even swore allegiance to the Spanish Crown (as an American citizen!) to establish his business in Spanish controlled parts of America.
He failed several times in his business dealings, alas, and was bankrupt twice. First time the state of Virginia confiscated his businesses, and second time the War of 1812 again bankrupted him and again he had to sell his businesses at very bad prices.
But he was a very persistent fella.
Moses made his way to Texas (then a Spanish possession), and that's when he swindled the deal to bring 300 white Americans into Texas. Alas, unluckily for Moses, he met some bandits on a road back into the US, and was so severely beaten that he died.
And that would be the end of the story except this nutter asked his son to continue his dream of making money in Texas. Gotta hand it to Moses, he was one persistent son-of-a-bitch.
His son, Austin, took Spanish citizenship, and moved into Texas with the assorted riff raff. Funnily enough, meanwhile the Mexicans revolted and won their independence. Imagine the surprise of a just installed Mexican governor as a bunch of white guys came in and said that they have a treaty with the (previous, now gone) Spanish government of Texas stating they have a right to settle there.
The Mexican governor, one Senor Martinez, shrugged his shoulders and basically said "Whatever, fella, go fuck yourself and leave me alone." The incredible true story is here, in the glorious Wikipedia
And lo it was, that the Americans came to live in Texas. And Austin, son of Moses, was a smart fella, went back to USA and "offered land at 12.5 cents per acre, only 10% of what comparable acreage sold for in the United States. Settlers would pay no customs duties for seven years and would not be subject to taxation for ten years. In return, they would be expected to become Mexican citizens."
No taxes! Cheap land! And all you have to do is become a Mexican citizen!
Deal.
Joyful Americans poured into Mexico, establishing a pretty prosperous society. Some of them just happened to be slaves though, as many Americans came from the South of the country, and so brought their slaves with them.
This was a problem - (please see Slavery in Texas Wiki article here).
You see, "in 1823, Mexico forbade the sale or purchase of slaves and required that the children of slaves be freed when they reached fourteen".
In 1829 Mexico outlawed slavery altogether, making it illegal to own slaves in the country.
This made the American immigrants in Texas justifiably angry, as these terrible Mexican anti slavery laws were extremely anti business and anti Texan. They interfered with Moses', his son's, and now the Texans' dream of making big $$$.
So, quoting Wikipedia: "To circumvent the law, many Anglo colonists converted their slaves into indentured servants for life. Others simply called their slaved indentured servants without legally changing their status.[16] Slaveholders wishing to enter Mexico would force their slaves to sign contracts claiming that the slaves owed money and would work to pay the debt. The low wages the slave would receive made repayment impossible, and the debt would be inherited, even though no slave would receive wages until age eighteen."
But the evil Mexicans again interfered with American god given right to make money, as "This tactic was outlawed by an 1832 state law which prohibited worker contracts from lasting more than ten years."
This could not be allowed.
Big business was affected.
This meant war.
And so the "glorious" Texas Revolution for freedom (snicker), liberty (hahahaha) and American way (that for sure) happened.
After the glorious fuck up that was The Alamo, Sam Houston and his army of Texan riff raff surprised Santa Ana's Mexican Army. By surprise I mean that they moved in silently as close to the Mexican army tent camp and then charged, killing the surprised Mexicans, who were trained to fight in European style, make ranks and fire. None of that bullshit in the slaughter of San Jacinto, as the dumbass Mexicans were killed in their tents. Only nine Texans died, which make calling this a "battle" a slightly dubious proposition. Slaughter fits better. Or perhaps massacre.
Santa Ana, then the Mexican president was duly captured by the Texans, who then gently posed him a question regarding Texas independence from Mexico.
If you want to see how the question was posed, here is a scene of Santa Ana in Texan custody.
Needless to say, Santa Ana enthusiastically agreed to all the demands put to him. And squeeeeeled like a pig.
Incidentally, Sam Houston personifies the type of people who left the United States voluntarily and settled in Mexican Texas. The reason why he left the USA: he beat a man with a cane on a street in our nation's capital. US Congress ordered his arrest, and he was found guilty in his trial even though he pleaded self defense. Being friends with a then US president James K. Polk, allowed a wink wink nod nod settlement of the case and Sammy boy was "reprimanded". For almost killing a man in broad daylight in our nation's capital. That man who was beat up happened to be a Congressman - hence the outrage of Congress and its involvement in the case.
American history is just gloooooorious ain't it?
Sam was ordered to pay a $500 fee after the beaten up Congressman sued him for assault in a civil court (pansy! girly man!) but, Sam being Sam, he elected to move to Texas and beat up people there, I guess, and not to pay.
The whole reason for the karate street fight of the Congressman and Sammy boy was the Indian Removal Act of 1830.
You see, Yoo Ess of Ey had large pieces of its territory occupied by native American tribes, and so President Andy Jackson wrote a law in which the natives were to be "voluntarily" moved to less desirable laws. Like the Dakotas. If you ever been to Dakota, South or North, you know that it sucks and that there ain't nothing there - but Wall Drug.
And Wall Drug, even though it is the chief Dakota (both north and south) attraction, sucks donkey balls.
Anyway, old Sam bid on a government contract to supply the Indians with ... stuff...as they were ethnically cleansed from their lands and moved to Wall Drug country. If you find it strange, imagine Halliburton supplying American troops overseas, how lucrative it is to do so, and your admiration for ole Sam Houston will go up a notch. Here we have a precursor of Halliburton (no bid wink wink nod nod) contract.
So we have Moses Austin - the swindler... Sam Houston, the criminal and swindler ...Don't forget the legendary Bowie, who is chiefly famous for his big knife...
These people should not have been settling in Texas, they should have been in jail!
Anyway, sorry for the break in the historical narrative...Where was I? Oh yeah, the glorious Texas revolution was won and Texas won its independence from Mexico.
Everybody in Texas was happy, and much drinking, whoring and celebrating ensued.
Except for the slaves, but fuck them. The war was fought for business reasons, and won. People like Sam Houston and the Moses folk could finally make their money in peace, as they whipped the "negroes" to work harder. In fact, see this article on slavery in Texas - after the "glorious" revolution,
The Texas Revolutionqv assured slaveholders of the future of their institution. The Constitution of the Republic of Texasqv (1836) provided that slaves would remain the property of their owners, that the Texas Congress could not prohibit the immigration of slaveholders bringing their property, and that slaves could be imported from the United States (although not from Africa). Given those protections, slavery expanded rapidly during the period of the republic
"By 1845, when Texas joined the United States, the state was home to at least 30,000 bondsmen."
Which makes me realize that we here have hit on another topic.
We skip skip a few years and move on to the Mexican-American War - grab another brew.
Skip over the official history, laugh, drink up, and continue on...
The American government approached the Mexican government multiple times, and politely inquired about Texas - because, you see, Americans wanted to buy it from Mexico. The public opinion in Mexico, of all classes in society, from the rich land owners to a beggar on the street, all agreed on one thing - that selling off Texas to the USA would tarnish national honor. In fact, many favored armed intervention to bring Texas back into Mexico. Imagine - sending an army to reclaim a seceding state. Boy, that is just crazy talk. Am sure glad that never happened in our American history...
John Slidell, an American diplomat was sent by then American president Polk to talk things over, after a law passed in US Congress that Texas was to be annexed by America (Surprisingly, Mexico broke diplomatic relations with USA at that - what nerve!)
By talk, I mean that he gently asked Mexico to sell Texas to the USA and allow Texas to be annexed by USA. And by gently, I mean he said that otherwise we will kill you and take it anyway.
Shockingly, he was rebuffed by the uppity Mexicans, and Slidell came back to the US somewhat miffed at the non white folk out there in Mexico.
By a curious coincidence, USArmy units just happened to be stationed on Mexican-American border, fully armed, ready to go.
Just a coincidence... The following had nothing to do with American haste to annex Texas:
But in the late 1830s, relations between Britain and the U.S. became strained. A financial panic in the U.S. had made the American market less important for Britain's finished goods, and some Americans were also aiding revolutionaries in Quebec. For Britain, it seemed like a good time to find an alternative to American cotton.
The Republic of Texas seemed like the answer—if Texas would free its slaves. Britain was so serious about forging a cotton alliance with Texas that at one point the British charge d'affaires in Texas, Charles Elliott, went to Sam Houston and offered a large British loan that would enable the Texas government to emancipate all the slaves and compensate their owners for the loss. Houston and the other leading men of Texas were willing to consider the idea.
A free Texas under British domination was the worst nightmare of the American South. Such an alliance would wreck the Southern cotton trade and threaten the very existence of plantation culture. As the British became more intent on their courtship of Texas, it would be Southern planters who would bring the annexation debate back to the forefront of American politics.
Curiously, the preceding explanation from the Texas State Library & Archives Commission makes it seem like the whole war was fought to keep American cotton price up and the slaves in chains. Of course, that cannot be correct, as the war was a good war, fought to protect American way of life, freedom, liberty etc etc.... right? Right?
When the evil Mexicans rejected the generous offer from the USA, those troops invaded to liberate Mexico from Mexicans.
Polk stated to Congress that "Mexico had invaded our territory and shed American blood upon the American soil." Which was curious as the Thornton Affair took place in Texas, which was an independent country at the time... or just annexed US territory...or actually Mexico. I am confused. Suffice it to say, some yahoos from Mexico got drunk and shot some equally drunk US soldiers. Hence the hutzpach Polk declaration of "American blood spilled on American soil" yada yada let's kill some brown skins.
And kill them we did. By gawd it was glorious. We wiped them out, and then we celebrated. From Wiki:
U.S. soldiers' memoirs describe cases of scalping innocent civilians, the rape and murder of women, the murder of children, the burning of homes, and the desecrating of Catholic religious objects and buildings. One officer's diary records:
"We reached Burrita about 5 pm, many of the Louisiana volunteers were there, a lawless drunken rabble. They had driven away the inhabitants, taken possession of their houses, and were emulating each other in making beasts of themselves.[15]
John L. O'Sullivan, a vocal proponent of Manifest Destiny, later recollected:
"The regulars regarded the volunteers with importance and contempt... [The volunteers] robbed Mexicans of their cattle and corn, stole their fences for firewood, got drunk, and killed several inoffensive inhabitants of the town in the streets."
Yeee haw!
Things got so bad that many Catholic Irish soldiers, US citizens, considered the war unjust and about a land grab. Called the Saint Patrick's Battalion, they deserted USArmy and joined the Mexican side - in great numbers. They fought bravely for the Mexican Army, and the more badly the war went for Mexico the more bravely they fought.
They were then hanged by the USArmy troops when caught, at the end of the war.
So, moving on with the narrative, the better armed, better led US troops won several victories, the war was won and Texas and several other territories were stolen err taken over by better management.
And everybody in the land rejoiced... Well, perhaps not the slaves, who continued to be lashed, raped, beaten and worked to death, until the people who did the "glorious" Texas revolution tried the same thing, for the same reason (business and profit, the American way, against the evil government regulation - damn Washington bureaucrats sticking their noses where they don't belong!) only on a MUCH larger scale...and with a different country...
Of course, you know what I am talking about right? Hint: 1861-1865.
PBS version of the Mexican American war - the version with kittens, unicorns and gentle US soldiers...
interesting, revealing, well written and good-to-read alltogether.
Raises interesting facts of the American revolution/occupation in Texas, points out several shocking revelations, while keeping it good to read in a global history lesson where everything that happened is being explained step for step alltogether.
You might handle well the multi-layered events you describe above. Here's another layer to the same events. Perhaps you should post a 'draft two' after reading and integrating some of the below...
First, you should read the book Puzzling Neighbors: An Historical Guide to Understand Modern Mexico
http://www.amazon.com and its reviews at the link.
Second, the parapolitical angle is missing above....no more:
newswire article reporting global 15.Nov.2005 17:06
faith & spirituality | political theory
The Masonic Origins of the Lone Star State of Texas, Utah, Israel...
author: connecting the stars, I mean dots...
arranged temporally, these separate geographical state autonomy attempts are interesting. They reward closer personal study of their interconnections, than really discussed here...
Texas --1830s
Mormon Utah -- by 1840s
Israel --- by 1940s
In putting this together, I would make a differentiation between Masonry and those other groups that have infiltrated Masonry over the years [Illuminists, Palladians, etc.], however, to utilize it for their purposes.
TEXAS MASONIC PRIDE
With the celebration of the new millennium, we have many things to look back on and be proud of. Masonry and the formation of the Republic of Texas are so interwoven that they cannot be separated. The men who led the Revolution and formed the government were, by and large, active Masons whose Masonic philosophy was the inspiration behind their deeds. Many gave their lives that we might live unoppressed.
From the first shot of the Revolution, fired in 1832 by a Mason, William J. Russell, until the present, Masons have been involved in the history of Texas.
In Austin's colony of three hundred, there were thirty-nine known Masons. One of these, James A. E. Phelps, was among the five masons who met near the town of Brazoria and drafted a petition to the Grand Lodge of Louisiana that resulted in the founding of Holland Lodge, the first Masonic Lodge in Texas.
In Green DeWitt's colony of approximately one hundred and twenty Anglo-American families were twenty-one known Masons. Among the settlers along the Red River and in east Texas were seventy-two Masons.
Thirteen Masons settled in the Robertson Colony.
Others came into the territory as the population expanded.
From the Battle of Velasco to the defeat of Santa Anna at San Jacinto, April 21, 1836, Masons led the fighting men. Many sacrificed their lives and are immortalized by the magnificent Memorial Temple of the Grand Lodge of Texas in Waco.
Cities, towns and counties bear their names. Schools, buildings and awards are named for them.
It would be difficult, indeed, to forget their names of Austin, Houston, Fannin, Bowie, Sterne, Hall, Travis, Crockett, Kerr, McFarland, Rusk, and DeZavala.
Many lodges, from Austin to Zavala, bear their names.
From the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution to the event of the lowering of the Texas flag and the raising of the stars and stripes, Masons took most of the major parts. Each of the presidents and vice-presidents of the Republic were Masons as was the first governor. Many governors since have been members of the Craft. Fifteen Masons were in the first House of Representatives and seven were in the Senate. There were eleven in the Executive Branch.
The Grand Lodge of the Republic of Texas was formed on December 20, 1837, in the Senate Chambers of the Capitol of the Republic in Houston. [Talk about mixing public and occult all at once.]
Representatives of the three lodges then chartered in Texas met, and [criminal mastermind] Sam Houston presided. Anson Jones was elected as the first [Texas Occult Republic] Grand Master.
The first meeting of the Grand Lodge took place on April 16, 1838.
From that meeting until Anson Jones, as the last president of the Republic, lowered the Texas flag on February 19, 1846, twenty-two lodges were chartered.
Fifteen of those lodges survive today. Stephen F. Austin, the Father of Texas, died on December 27, 1836, and did not live to see the formation of the Grand Lodge.
At a celebration of the Festival of St. John the Baptist in 1844 at Portland, Maine, R:.W:. Brother Teulon, a member of the Grand Lodge of Texas, in reply to a toast complimentary to the Masons of that Republic, observed "Texas is emphatically a Masonic country: all of our presidents and vice-presidents, and four-fifths of our state officers, were are are Masons; our national emblem, the 'Lone Star,' was chosen from among the emblems selected by Freemasonry, to illustrate the moral virtues -- it is a five-pointed star, and alludes to the five points of fellowship." (Actually that's the exoteric meaning for the plebes: it's really a sign of the morning/evening star, Venus, and an archaeoastronomical pattern it draws in the sky over a multiyear pattern: a perfect five pointed star. Ye porch brethern can believe what you want.)
Yes, we can be proud of our Masonic heritage and our involvement in the history of Texas. Proud of the men who died at Velasco, Goliad, The Grass Fight, Coleto and San Jacinto. Proud of Masons who led the men those thirteen days at the Alamo and bought time for brother Sam Houston to strengthen the Texas Army for the defeat of Santa Anna at San Jacinto. Proud of the many Masons who composed the majority of the membership of the House of Representatives, the Senate, the Executive Branch and the Judicial Branch.
Proud of the twenty-eight original members of the Grand Lodge of the Republic of Texas.
Long may we remember their names and their deeds and their actions.
They established our state and our fraternity under trying conditions and would be proud to see the way it has grown in the one hundred and sixty-five years.
Now it is up to us to see that the tradition is carried on. We must educate our children in the values that were cherished enough by our founders that they risked and sacrificed their lives that we might live in this free country. We must seek out those ways in which we can help our fellow man. We must educate our members in the ways of the Craft so that our children's children will be as proud of us as we are of our founders. Brethren, love your lodge and help it to grow. Love your fraternity and practice its tenets that "the world at large" may be "convinced of its good effects."
http://www.grandlodgeoftexas.org/tx-pride.html
Bush continues the tradition as Governor, with this picture of Gov. Bush surrounded by Masons in his Governor's Office there.
Texas: Governor Bush and the Texas Masonic Posse evil eye
Part Three of Texas:
Colonel House, Texas, and the KKK-allied Texas Rangers
In 1902 Rhodes died. [the year Milner took over the Rhodes 'nameless' organization, and the year the Pilgrims Society was founded, with Milner groups.]
Milner who became chief Rhodes Trustee. While governor general and high commissioner in South Africa Milner recruited a group of young men from Oxford and Toynbee hall to help organize his administration.
In South Africa under Milner's direction this group was known as Milner's "Kindergarten." Sir George Parkin became the Organizing Secretary of the Rhodes' Trust and Milner's second in command. During the next seven years the "Round Table" was busy establishing a network in the chief British Dependencies and in the United States. The United States Round Table members included ( George Louis Beer, Walter Lippmann, Frank Aydelotte, Whitney Shepardson, Thomas W. Lamont, Jerome D. Green, Frederick Dixon, and others ). [these are the same people who started "the Pilgrims Society."]
When the election results of 1876 came in Rutherford B. Hayes (Republican) believed he had lost the election to Samuel Tilden (Democrat). It was discovered that a few Southern States had submitted two different sets of electoral votes. A dispute arose over the result. A electoral commission was appointed by Congress. Eight Republicans and seven Democrats served on the commission. All the disputed votes were awarded to Hayes. [who was from Yale's DKE] Hayes became president by one electoral vote. Hayes did keep a promise he made to the Southerners -- he withdrew troops from all areas still occupied in the South, ending the era of reconstruction. 19
In 1880 Thomas House died. Edward [Mandell] House dropped out of [Skull and Bones started] Cornell and returned to Texas.
Edward inherited his father's greatest wealth the cotton plantations. The Civil war had made it impossible for Edward to inherit his father's slaves. Edward managed the plantations for ten years. In 1890 he sold the plantations and invested the money in bank notes. The interest provided Edward Mandell House with financial independence for the rest of his life.20
Besides the Plantations, Edward inherited his daddies friends. They were older than Edward. After the civil war they were the men that formed the Ku Klux Klan. The Ku Klux Klaners were the old-timers who dispensed vigilante justice. Some of that justice was warranted -- some of the justice was simply murder. By 1880 a new legitimate group was in charge of dispensing justice in Texas -- the Texas Rangers.
They wore stars, carried arms, were paid salaries, and killed in the line of duty. They were hard men, and tough men. They were aggressive, virile and domineering men. Intimidation was one way they used to keep the peace. Many of them had big brawny bodies -- all of them had big egos -- all of them had six-shooters buckled around their waists. Many of the Texas Rangers were members of the Klan. ***Edward was the new master.*** It was Edward's job to gain their loyalty. Edward gained their loyalty by stroking their egos. Edward would use his money and influence to try and make them famous. Edward described his new friends as "that intrepid band that made Texas what she is to-day. I make obeisance to them! Nothing daunted them. They tore a principality from a sovereign state and moulded a trackless wilderness into a great commonwealth. These men were the heroes of my childhood; and now when I am growing old and have seen many men and many lands, I go back to them and salute them, for I find they are my heros still."21
One of the oldest and perhaps best of these "friends" was a Texas Ranger named Captain Bill McDonald.
According to House, "In my early boyhood I knew many of the Bill McDonalds type, although he was perhaps the flower of them all.
I knew personally many of the famous desperadoes, men who had killed so many that they had almost ceased to count their victims.
There were two types of so-called "killers" - one that murdered simply for the pure love it, and others that killed because it was in their way of duty. Bill McDonald belonged to this latter class. So also did Blue-eyed Captain McKinney of the Rangers, whom I knew in my ranching days in southwest Texas.
McKinney was finally ambushed and killed, as almost every sheriff of La Salle County was killed during that particular period. Whenever I went to our ranch, I was never certain that I would return home alive. Feuds were always going on, and in some of these our ranch was more or less involved."22
Many of the Sheriffs of La Salle county were little more than hired thugs -- licensed to kill. They were loyal to the men running the county. If those men's interest were threatened the Sheriffs administered discipline. The Governor of Texas from 1890 to 1894 was Governor Hogg. Edward Mandell House was instrumental in getting Hogg elected. During his administration rail-road workers struck. Governor Hogg used Texas Ranger Bill McDonald to break up the strike. According to House, "Governor Hogg...broke up strikes during his administration. Captain Bill McDonald, of the Ranger Service, was the instrument he used. Hogg sent word to the leaders that if they continued to uncouple cars, or to do anything that might interfere with the movement of trains, he would shoot holes through them big enough to see through. When Bill conveyed this to the ringleaders and presented himself as the instrument through which it was to be done, lawlessness ceased." Edward inherited the Texas Ku Klux Klan.23
The success of the Hogg campaign insured the political position of House in Texas. Edward Mandell House helped to make four men governor of Texas (James S. Hogg (1892), Charles A. Culberson (1894), Joseph D. Sayers (1898), and S. W.T. Lanham (1902)). After the election House acted as unofficial advisor to each governor. House would say in regard to the Hogg election, "So in politics I began at the top rather than at the bottom and I have been doing since that day pretty much what I am doing now; that is, advising and helping wherever I might." Hogg, caught onto House.
Hogg gave House the title "Colonel" by promoting House to his staff.
Appointment to the official Staff of the Governor was a Texas political custom of dubious honor. Along with the staff position came a uniform they could wear to official gatherings or "bestow upon an ancient and grateful darkey." [Texas had "civilian military" uniforms?! Sheesh.]
Governor Hogg appointed House to his staff without telling him. Upon receiving the staff officer's uniform House did give it to a servant. The title Colonel stuck.
Despite his protest, he became "Colonel House" or even "The Colonel.".24
House wanted to control more than Texas, House wanted to control the country. House would do so by becoming a king maker instead of a king. House learned by controlling two or three men in the Senate; two or three men in the House; and the President -- he could control the country. Edward saw his father, Thomas, become rich and avoid risk by hiring men to run the blockades while observing safely from shore. House would do the same in the political arena. He would find a candidate that he could influence. He would be instrumental in helping that candidate achieve office. He would influence the candidate from behind the scenes. The people would perceive one man was representing them, when in reality, an entirely different man was in control.
House could influence that man to betray his constituents with no risk to himself. House had learned a great secret -- how to control a country. House didn't need to influence millions of people, he need only influence a handful of men. The less the people knew about him or what he was doing, the better off he was. House would profit from remaining in the shadows. House would help establish a secret society in America that would operate in the same fashion -- the Council on Foreign Relations.
In 1912, [Skull and Bones staff educated] Woodrow Wilson [an incredible racist who let the KKK march for the first time in Washington D.C.] (president of Princeton 1902-1910, governor of New Jersey 1911-13) [and generally sponsored and created both in the Princeton position as well as the New Jersey position to "prime him in the public eye for the Presidency run], ran as a Democrat in a three man presidential race. Howard Taft [Skull and Bones founding family, who had said that he would reject the Federal Reserve idea however] was the incumbent Republican. Former President Theodore Roosevelt [benefactor of a political assassination ten years earlier that made him immediately Vice President to President--and Roosevelt brought in the Bonesmen into the Executive federal branch en masse] ran on the Progressive party ticket.
Wilson's main financial genius and support came from a group of directors of the House of Rockefeller's National City Bank including: Cleveland H. Dodge, J. Ogden Armour, James Stillman, and William Rockefeller.
Otto Kahn, and Jacob Schiff [raised with the Rothschilds] of the House of Khun-Loeb & Co. provided additional financial support. The [Rothschilds connected] House of Morgan guided the Progressive campaign of Teddy Roosevelt. Morgan partner George Perkins provided Roosevelt with money, speeches, and men from Wall Street to help his campaign. The House of Morgan also gave money to the Wilson campaign. The republican vote was [intentionally] divided and Wilson was able to beat them both [on a plurality low win], won by a land slide, and became 28th President of the United States.
After the election Wilson's financial backers provided him with their own agents to act as unofficial advisors. [and Wilson signs the Federal Reserve legislation in 1913; other interesting things: federal income taxes from 1913 "announced" (never ratified) and the Senate is "announced" (never ratified) as party based and nationalized instead of based on particular state legislatures; there's quite a bit about the 16th and 17th amenments that show they were fraudulently "announced as passed" by Sec. of State Philander Knox without actually having the 3/4 state legislature approval of each of these!] Among these advisors was a young lawyer named Felix Frankfurter [likely Sabbatean Domleh family].
Frankfurter worked for the New York "establishment" law firm Hornblower, Byrne, Miller and Potter. Another adviser was Edward Mandell House. Without House [reputedly a Committee of 300 person as well], Wilson may never have become president. Wilson was nominated as Democratic candidate because of support from William Jennings Bryan. ***Colonel House obtained Bryan's support for Wilson.***
House became Wilson's closest unofficial advisor.
The Round Table Group had four pet projects, a graduated income tax, a central bank, creation of a Central Intelligence Agency, and the League of Nations.25
[The long arm of Texan history...]
link to web.archive.org
other interesting links:
UTAH: even if you read the "regular history books", concerning Mormon leadership personnel, you are going to come face to face with the origins of Mormonism as a Judaic-Christo-Masonic graduated ceremonial society of different levels, that, supposedly, from the quotes attributed to the leader cadres of the 1830s, were set out to "first, take Missouri, and then the U.S., and then the world."
extra credit in the history course, for comparisons:
Title: PICTURES: Utah, Mormon Masonic Merovingians,Broken Posse Commutatus; Religious Manchurian Candidates
Author: reader and quoter
Date: 2005.08.25 07:28
Description: So just what IS IT about Utah? Below, some quotes I thought all should be aware of about Utah history and politics and the 'national security' infrastructure and experiments there, and the bloodline and occult issues of the founders and higher-ups. These quotes should be read with: Utah rave shut down by "police officers" with assault rifles and dogs 13:16 Aug-22 (58 comments) http://portland.indymedia.org/en/2005/08/323417.shtml
Title: UPDATE: ISRAELI whole capital is occult Masonic shrine;1960s plan for World Supreme Court
Author: repost
Description: Here is what these groups planned to do with this building based on their 1960s statements, this building with a huge Masonic pyramid in the 'holy of holies' as a substitute for God in a Jewish temple arrangement, where 33 levels from darkeness to light take you to where only retired judges have a non-public worship area near the pyramid base level....
Title: PICTURES: ISRAELI whole capital is occult Masonic shrine, like Wash DC, & why this is so
Author: Jerry Golden
Description: ISRAEL WAS NOT FOUNDED AS A JEWISH STATE, IT'S FOUNDED AS OCCULT STATE...
Very interesting piece.
Moses Austin=Jews had biblical names back in those times,so i smell Crypto.
Here's other Masonic State names
New York=The Empire State
Ohio=The BuckEYE State,if you ever picked up a Buckeye.
It looks and feels exactly like a hardened Eye with Dark Brown on the Outter Borders with a Tanned Middle= THE ALL SEEING EYE
Kansas=The Sunflower State.
Sunflower is Yellow Ends with a huge black middle representing The Sun,Points in the Shape of The Star,Middle as The All Seeing Eye


Stream your favorite tunes from the cloud with CloudPlayer.
It's ideal for music lovers who utilize Dropbox, Box, Google Drive, OneDrive, or Yandex.Drive.
CloudPlayer's biggest upside, its simplicity, is also its biggest drawback. It lacks more powerful features like the ability to create custom playlists and move files between cloud services.
If you're out of local storage on your iDevice, try storing your tunes in the cloud. It doesn't matter what your cloud service of choice is, CloudPlayer handles them all with ease.
This is a full version of player with all features enabled.
Unfortunately, we aren't able to answer your questions here. If you experience difficulties with the app, please contact us.
Today's AppsGoneFree list includes a dungeon crawler, a music player, and a fitness app.


The workshops can be given to groups or individuals in Portuguese, English or Spanish.
This form is just a demonstration of interest. Our partner will confirm availability upon receipt of the request.
What is the Hotel / Restaurant or Activity you want to book?


Yes, yes, the economy is terrible, job security is shaky and the cost of everything is rising. If you are anything like me, you are feeling the pinch in your pocket, too. You may be wondering how to make the choices necessary for a healthy lifestyle without having to give up family vacations, your $4 lattes…or more than likely, your utilities.
Have no fear, Fitness Friday Girl is here!
Don't look now, but she seems to have a few money-saving tips under that snazzy red cape of hers. But be forewarned!
So without furter adieu, may I present to you, Le Stove.
So here's a list of nutritious and delicious foods that you can eat all week, use in a variety of dishes, and—best of all—won't take a bite out of your budget. And get this! Most of these foods are available in generic or store-brand versions in your favorite grocery store.
Beans and lentils are very versatile and healthy. They're good for your heart, low in calories, high in fiber, protein, and iron and they're a great meat substitute! The fiber in beans can help lower your cholesterol, keep you regular, remove toxic, cancer-causing substances from your digestive tract, and help keep your blood sugar stable. You can buy them canned or dried to make soups, stews, burritos, bean salad, chili, beans and rice or simply as a side dish.
Brown Rice is a great addition to leftover meat and veggies, can be added to soup or burritos. or used as a side dish. My kids don't love brown rice, so I mix it with white rice for them.
Whole grain Pasta Is a favorite around my house. Toss hot with veggies, tomato sauce, grilled chicken or fish. Make a delicious low fat veggie lasagna or serve cold in a fresh pasta salad.
Soups are not only healthy, but very convenient and versatile. You can make great soup with almost any veggie or meat, stovetop or in a crock pot. I like to make a big pot of soup on Tuesday, freeze some for later, or eat it for lunch through the weekend.
Meat and fish can be grilled, baked, stir-fried or simmered all day in the crock pot. Find organic, low fat cuts of meat when they are on sale and freeze for later. Or buy a whole chicken or turkey for roasting, then use the leftover meat for sandwiches and the bones for soup. That's three meals from one purchase of meat!
Frozen produce is just as nutritious and often more nutritious than fresh produce because it is processed at peak ripeness, blanched (which causes minimal loss of soluble vitamins B and C), then flash-frozen within hours of being picked. I have found the Kroger Private Selection Organics brand of frozen produce to be extremely reasonable and delicious. Frozen veggies are great in soups, stir-fries, pasta dishes or as a side dish. Frozen fruit is great in muffins, pancakes, oatmeal, yogurt and smoothies.
Canned tuna and salmon are a high in protein and omega-3 fatty acids, which reduce the risk of heart disease, blood clots, arthritis, cancer, and high blood pressure. Add to a bed of greens for a delicious salad, make tuna or salmon salad sandwiches, or make your own fish cakes.
Eggs are an excellent source of protein. If you are watching your cholesterol, you will want to limit your intake of the yolk, but the whites are fabulous and versatile. If you can't afford organic, at least try to get "free range, vegetarian fed" eggs. Eggs can be used to make omelets, egg salad, frittatas ,or can be sliced on a green salad or eaten hard-boiled as a snack. My kids love "breakfast for dinner", so eggs fit nicely into our dinner budget.
In the Cooper home, we view our healthy eating as an investment into our future. Like anything worthwhile in life, it takes some effort, some planning and some time. The way we see it, we're going to pay one way or another—either now by way of a slightly increased grocery bill, or later by way of our failing health and outrageous medical bills.
Which reminds me…did y'all know there's some kind of health-care crisis in America?????
Thanks for never missing an adventure!
My first reaction was "Oh No…the only reason I have a stove is because it came with the house." However, I realized upon further reading that these foods can be easily prepared. (even for a lousy cook like me) Now, if you'll just point me to the direction of the kitchen.
Oops…did I check the wrong thing. That won't do…I'm proud of Italian hubby that excels in the kitchen.
I was just about to sit down and make my grocery list – glad I popped over to Fitness Friday first!
Thanks so much for listing all the fruits and veggies by month – that really helps me!
Sandy, we are so on the same page. The key is taking the time to plan your meals for the week. If I don't plan and have the ingredients on hand, I get hungry and then the intent of good eating goes out the window. So, I try to always have fruits and vegetables in my fridge.
One of the challenges that I have in my home is my husband. He loves spicey foods and prefers fun foods. So, I try to be imaginative and use chili and beans and make tortillas with hot sauce. He doesn't like veggies very much but when I roast vegetables he loves the taste.
You really are making an investment in your future by the habits you chcose today. I've seen too many people who told me AFTER their heart attack, that they wished they had made healthier choices earlier in their lives. Why not prevent it in the first place, right?
It also help to make extra portions of healthy meals to use for lunches or snacks. Love the superhero image!
I better put down my fork of Chinese food while reading this (smile).
Seriously, this was a very good post and don't get me started on the nonsense of this government/nation. Anyway, I'm going to link your post to my fitness blog today. I really like the information you provided. A lot of it I already follow but I picked up a few tips. Thanks as always.
I love it that you gave a list of fruits that are in season every month! I love trying new things.
I had to laugh at the lentils. I make a few dishes with them and when I tell people that I get the funniest look like… "What in the world are lentils?" or "Are you serious?" You can't even taste them and they are SO nutritious for you!
lovely pieces! and super cute photograph!
What a great post! Thanks for the wealth of information to help me along in my journey.
My oh my, LisaShaw sent me over here and I am THANKFUL that she did. You have an amazing blog filled with helpful tips and I adore your clever humor 🙂 consider me a new reader!!
Another great post, Sandy! I liked the list of fruits-in-season. My mom taught me that when I was a girl, but hardly anyone knows this stuff anymore because you can get some fruits all year round.
Last week my daughter had to keep a food diary for one of her high school classes. I don't even remember what we ate that week, but when my daughter shared her list with the kids in her class they were amazed that I (her mom) actually COOKED! I asked my daughter what most kids in her class ate, and she said that they mostly went out–i.e. fast food. Ugh.
I loved the cheapest fruits and veggies list. I printed it and it is hanging on my fridge next to the FIT FOR LIFE guidelines.
Great Post! Great encouragement! and Fun all at the same time!
I will be following and maybe some time do a Friday Fitness of my own. 🙂 I came to you from Lisa´s blog.
I am workin at the weight loss. Been at it since the second week of Jan. and have lost a little more than 10 lbs.
Great to find your blog!
I came over from Lisa Shaws blog today. I really like that you listed the fruits and veggies for each mother. That's really helpful! Thanks.


text:
An 8-year-old's bacteria-filled handprint is the coolest thing I've seen all week.
Germs look neat!
Laura Willard
Microbiology lab technician Tasha Sturm decided to do something kinda cool with a handprint: see what kind of bacteria is on it.
Sturm, who works at Cabrillo College, told me the first lab project that students at her college do is swab something in the classroom — like the bottom of a shoe or a cellphone — and incubate the plates to see what kinds of bacteria grow all around us.
Years ago, she thought her kids might find it interesting to know what kinds of germs were on their hands. Plus, since it provided such a good lesson for her class, each year she has her kids make a handprint of bacteria — literally.
humanity and culture health parenting and children science and technology parenting health wellbeing health general
10 things worth trying during times of stress, trauma, or crisis.
Feel like throwing in the towel? Try these tips instead.
Franchesca Ramsey
Regardless of what you're going through, self-care is important.
I once read something that said, "It's not the hard times that define you, it's how you respond." One important tool when it comes to dealing with personal challenges is self-care.
What is self-care? The University of Kentucky's Student Affairs Center describes self-care as "[A]ny intentional actions you take to care for your physical, mental, and emotional health."
humanity and culture inspirational health uplifting mental health health wellbeing health general
7 new nontraditional Empathy Cards that say what other cards can get totally wrong.
Back in May, Emily McDowell Studio released an incredible line of Empathy Cards.
As a cancer survivor, McDowell had been on the receiving end of some good-intentioned wishes that were a little, well, tone-deaf. She wanted to help people find the right thing to say to friends and loved ones going through tough times ... and she totally nailed it. The cards had messages like:
"Please let me be the first person to punch the next person who tells you everything happens for a reason. I'm sorry you're going through this."
human condition humanity and culture health health wellbeing health general
This simple yet brilliant idea is making kids smarter and healthier.
With cancer at age 3, Alexis wanted to share her story with the world — as a cartoon.
When a boy's doctors said he might not live through December, his town moved Christmas to October.
The best free-throw shooter in pro basketball is not in the NBA. She has people talking.
Erin Canty
Elena Delle Donne is one of the best basketball players you've never heard of.
Standing 6 feet 5 inches, Delle Donne is a powerful presence and star of the WNBA's Chicago Sky. In an interview with the WNBA, her teammate Cappie Pondexter suggested Delle Donne could probably play in all five positions on the court. Yes, she's that damn good.
diversity and equality humanity and culture inspirational health uplifting gender equality mental health health wellbeing health general mindfulness
6 scientifically proven ways to have a better day.
This camp lets kids show off their imagination and battle skills. Cardboard required.
Celebs reveal the absurd reason why we haven't beaten AIDS in telling PSA.
5 faces of Parkinson's disease, brought to you by Michael J. Fox.
A leading authority puts the debate to rest: No alcohol during pregnancy is safe.
You don't have to be a vegan to drool over these pictures from 15 of the best vegetarian spots.
Who said prosthetics can't be fun? This company gave them a Disney makeover.
Lamar Odom is tragic proof that reality TV is not reality at all.
If you're a kid with allergies, seeing a pumpkin like this will make Halloween more fun.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The very best Quick And Easy Hairstyles For Short Hair – Leymatson picture you're looking at is without doubt one of the photographs from the Quick Hairstyles For Short Hair submit I've published on my website. You need to use my web site as top-of-the-line reference sources of hairstyle, haircut and hair color on the web. I all the time attempt to give the best picture for my website customer, including you. An example picture of a coiffure is very important when selecting and applying a hairstyle. The extra hair kinds you see, the extra you can select the best that fits you best.
For those who love Quick And Easy Hairstyles For Short Hair – Leymatson and wish to apply it to your hair, ensure that it fits you. Hair situation drastically affect the looks. Therefore, deal with your hair fastidiously. Purchase one of the best hair care products to maintain your hair healthy and beautiful. To be able to have wholesome hair and exquisite, it takes effort and price.
It can save you Quick And Easy Hairstyles For Short Hair – Leymatson photographs above to your laptop, laptop computer, tablet and smartphone. References about coiffure might be discovered on the internet. You could find articles, footage and movies about one of the best coiffure, haircut and hair color by means of internet. If you are not happy and nonetheless want to see different finest Quick And Easy Hairstyles For Short Hair – Leymatson images, please click right here now. There are various categories, submit and photos about hairstyle on my web site. Please flick through my website to search out ideas, inspiration and ease in selecting and making use of the very best hairstyle that suits you greatest.
You possibly can go to the closest salon in your town for a haircut, hair care and apply a new hairstyle that suits you. Hair is like your crown. Subsequently, give one of the best in your hair. Don't be afraid to vary the looks of your hair. Be yourself, an interesting individual, assured and optimistic. May be helpful. thanks.


text:
manseljames
plots, poetry and politics.
Wales – a poor relation?
January 5, 2021 manseljames1 Comment
About 5% of the UK population live in Wales, an economic output of 4% with a GDP of around 80% of the UK average. Gross added value (GVA) has declined from 84% ave UK in 1989 to 70% in 2019. Wales has a fiscal gap of around 9bn. Cardiff remains the primary source of GDP relying principally on retail, finance, media and tourism sectors. Cardiff has received more investment in the regeneration projects in the late 20th century than any other part of Wales.
The Welsh Nationalist Plaid Cymru, argue that independence will allow Wales to embrace more innovative economic policies, but that is hard to reconcile without understanding the underlying economic conditions and their historic development. They argue that fiscal responsibility both collection (taxation) and expenditure can only be fruitfully managed if Wales is fully independent. They do not, at least at present, describe in detail how to address the fiscal deficit of £9bn.
If Wales is to move forward it must improve its wealth creation. This does not mean an economic free for all, but it does mean that government of whatever hue, does develop strategies to improve the Welsh national income. From that improvement will follow the quality of life for all the people of Wales.
Wales has certain advantages not shared by the rest of the UK, not least its natural beauty and its rich agricultural heritage, plus its very strong cultural profile, but much remains to be done to put Wales nearer the top of the European tourist destinations.
In agriculture the picture is much more complex, and there are extensive areas where neither arable or livestock are suitable. A strategy to marry these fringe areas into tourism would surely make sense.
To make Wales accessible through to the western and northern coasts is crucial to opening up the Welsh hinterland, via a good communication system. The tardiness of the Assembly government to address these issues is lamentable.
The great festival of Eisteddfods International and National are unique and truly something to shout about. The WNO, the orchestras and choirs and theatres of Wales all need to be encouraged to put Wales on the Culture map of the world. The Millennium Centre in Cardiff is a beacon for cultural progress, we need more investment and international awareness as in the likes of 'Cardiff Singer of the World'.
Wales must not allow Cardiff to be the centre of all things. Sure, we want and have got a capital city to be proud of, but we also need thriving centres for west to centre to north, which will attract industry, skills and investment. The University towns of Swansea, Aberystwyth and Bangor are already centres of excellence, and we are yet to see how the Welsh Government is to capitalise on this vital resource. Erasmus may be in short term confusion but Wales must capitalise on its academic heritage.
First among equals is most obviously roads and communication systems. Wales has to grasp the nettle and open up its lovely face to welcome industry, technology, tourism and advanced agriculture.
Achieving these goals are key to Wales's long term future. Yes, let us be proud to be Welsh, but better even to be proud and successful as a nation.
The tribes of the 'United' Kingdom.
The Truth, the basis of Freedom.
One thought on "Wales – a poor relation?"
jeparfitt says:
Good Morning, Here is an announcement from 10 Downing Street, by the Rt Hon Gavin Davidson, SoS for Education and Chief Assistant Cabinet Cretin: "This morning, BoJo's Boys (or The Riot Club, as they are better known) ejected the bumbling, lying idiot from office, and me and the chaps are looking for a good chap to step up to the plate and do chaps everywhere, a favour by coming the next Tory Prime Minister. Applications on a post card by Friday but we've already got our eye on a chap in South Wales who seems to know all the problems (that's new isn't it) so he might have a clue how to sort out the country because we certainly haven't"! So there we are Anthony, they've obviously read your blogs and decided that you're the man for the job! Apart from dissolving Welsh and possibly Scottish devolved assemblies, Prohibiting the use of any language other than English in any aspect of life, What's your manifesto commitments?
Breath is bated as we await the pearls that you deign to cast before we poor swine!
25 Afon GardensPonthirNEWPORTNP18 1PR H: 01 633 431 336M: 07 850 722 257
All Categories Select Category blog (62) Books (11) Corona Virus (2) Freedom of Speech (3) International Crimes agianst humanity (3) Liberal democracy being walked over (1) Migration – stemming the flow. (3) NHS (4) Poem (13) poetry (8) Politics (89) America (3) Brexit (14) China dominates the world. (1) Wales (4) Uncategorized (167)
jeparfitt on The Truth, the basis of Freedom.
jeparfitt on Wales – a poor relation?
jeparfitt on The tribes of the 'United' Kingdom.
Keith Leighton on Growing Old – Gracefully 5
Paula Smith on Growing Old – Gracefully 5


text:
Aeolian Islands
#1 in Best Things To Do in Sicily
Photo by Gianni Sarasso/Getty Images
Beaches, Recreation, Sightseeing, Tours Type
5.0Facilities
There are many lovely islands off the coast of Sicily, and the hardest part may be choosing which ones to see. A popular choice is the Aeolian Islands, located near Messina and composed of seven main islands, which were created by active volcanoes. There you will find incredible sites like a Greek acropolis, a Norman cathedral, beautiful beaches, volcanic vents and even lava running into the sea.
Past visitors recommended visiting Stromboli volcano (seeing it at night when erupting is extra spectacular), the Museo Archeologico Regionale Eoliano on Lipari, the Scalata al Cratere on Isola Vulcano and Chiesa Vecchia di Quattropani on Lipari, as well.
To reach the islands, you can take a hydrofoil, ferry or helicopter from various cities in Sicily. By hydrofoil, you can reach the islands in as little as 40 minutes. The islands do have some hotels and resorts for overnight stays (Lipari is one of the most popular), but they also make for a great daytrip. Check the Liberty Lines website for hydrofoil and ferry routes.
Hotels near Aeolian Islands »
See all Hotels in Sicily »
More Best Things To Do in Sicily
Hiking, Natural Wonders, Recreation, Sightseeing, Tours Type
#2 Mount Etna
Located on the island's east coast, Mount Etna is perhaps Sicily's best-known geological feature encompassing nearly 48,000 acres within Etna National Park. A UNESCO World Heritage Site and the highest volcano in Europe known for its frequent activity (it's erupted as recently as spring 2019), Mount Etna hosts hikers in the summer months and skiers during the winter. It is a great stop for nature lovers. In addition to the volcano itself, there are several interesting geological features like caves, grottos and even a glacier. The Etna Park Visitor Center offers naturalist-guided tours that depart from the center.
Visitors recommend taking the Circumetnea Railway nearly 130-mile ride around the volcano, but advise you may have to pay to park and suggest bringing layers of clothes for changing temperatures. You can also opt for a cable car operated by Funivia Dell'Etna followed by a bus ride to reach the upper crater area of the volcano. The south area with cable car access, Rifugio Sapienza, offers free parking. You can also hike at any point, but certain elevations require you to have a guide.
Paul Biris/Getty Images
See full list of Best Things To Do in Sicily »
Explore More of Sicily
#1 in Best Places to Visit in October
#1 in Best Beach Honeymoon Destinations
#2 in Best Beaches in Italy


text:
Q: Propagating a custom block to child pages So I have a custom block that displays a banner image on top of a parent page. I want the custom block to be automatically copied to all the child pages. Which means the child pages will also have the same banner image as the parent.
I have searched around the internet on how to do this but I have not found any solution. I only found plugins that allows me to display the child pages but that is not what I need.
Does anyone have experience in doing this? Or can anybody point me to the right direction to start with. I'm really feeling hopeless at the moment. Is this possible with gutenberg?

A: As far as I'm aware, there's no native way to accomplish this.
I normally create a template page with all of the blocks I expect to use and duplicate that as needed.
Depending on your implementation, I'd recommend looking at this page for block templates and see what applies. This article has more details on how to use block templates.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
< The Problem with Work Russ Allbery > Reviews Billion Dollar Loser >
The Odd Clauses
by Jay Wexler
Publisher: Beacon
The subtitle of this book summarizes it nicely: Understanding the Constitution through Ten of Its Most Curious Provisions . (The constitution in question is the United States Constitution.) It's a sort of popularization of US constitutional law, but rather than look at the most well-known and controversial parts, it takes a look at some of the odd side points, obscure clauses, or clauses that one rarely thinks about because they rarely appear in the news. This is partly a tour of curiosity aimed at those who like legal trivia, but it also provides, indirectly, a look at how constitutional law is made and debated, and at some of the burning concerns at the time of the writing that have since faded away. Sometimes why the concern has faded is as interesting as the original problem.
This is the sort of book whose table of contents provides a lot of insight into what you're getting. It has ten chapters, each devoted to a particular clause or amendment: incompatibility, weights and measures, recess appointments (one of the rare ones that has made the news), original jurisdiction, natural-born citizen (odd, but sadly now not at all obscure), letters of marque and reprisal, titles of nobility, bills of attainder, and the 3rd and 21st amendments. (For those who haven't memorized all the amendments to the US Constitution, the 3rd is the prohibition on quartering soldiers in private homes and the 21st is Prohibition, which here is examined not for its core intent but for the implications for federalism.)
As you can see, this is quite a selection, and while the clauses are often obscure, the issues raised by them are still generally quite active. There are some that were intensely controversial at the time of the original debate that are little more than amusing trivia at this point (the prohibition on officers of the United States taking titles of nobility), or have become so much a part of the structure of the government that people rarely given them a second thought (such as the incompatibility clause, which prohibits members of Congress from holding positions in the executive branch). But most of these clauses establish ground rules for the US government that are still quite current today, even if the legal terminology used at the time is no longer familiar.
A good example is the clause prohibiting bills of attainder, something that the writers of the US Constitution saw no need to define. A bill of attainder is an act of a legislature declaring a person guilty of a crime and assigning some punishment without trial. Framed that way, it seems like an obvious extension of the separation of powers system that the US government is constructed around, but unlikely to provoke much modern controversy. However, as Wexler explains quite lucidly, there's a reason why this clause is right next to the prohibition on ex post facto laws. While no one would stand for the US Congress declaring guilt on a matter of criminal law, it has written some startlingly specific laws that seem aimed solely at specific individuals or organizations, which is exactly the sort of behavior that this prohibition, interpreted broadly, was intended to prevent.
Similarly, one might think that Congress's power to issue letters of marque and reprisal is little more than ground for an interesting history lesson. But that clause is deeply entangled with the checkered history of US declarations of war and controversies over Congressional oversight, and Wexler uses it as a jumping-off point to take a look at the implications for the modern habit of undeclared wars fought by military contractors.
This is a short book, so these treatments are necessarily brief. Some of them are also fairly minor; for example, the discussion of the weights and measures clause is mostly an extended rant on the US refusal to adopt the metric system. That's a sentiment with which I entirely agree, but I'm not sure it has much to do with constitutional law. But Wexler is an entertaining and concise writer; even when the discussion is relatively shallow, I enjoyed reading his analysis. (I will warn, though, that he takes a few potshots from a liberal perspective, so one's enjoyment of his humor may to some extent depend on your personal political allegiances.)
I wouldn't rush out to find this book, but I found it mildly diverting and occasionally quite informative. The chapter on original jurisdiction, for instance, explained how the Supreme Court handles certain classes of cases that must be filed directly with it, despite not being a trial court. This was a question that I didn't even know I had, and a side system of judicial procedure that turned out to be surprisingly interesting.
I suspect The Odd Clauses will be the most interesting to people who have only a news media understanding of the US Constitution. I went through a personal libertarian period, during which I read the constitution in detail and sought out some discussions of its specifics, so quite a bit of this book was familiar ground to me. Others without that study background may find more novelty. But even with that background, I was entertained, and don't regret buying it.
One note, though: I bought this book on the recommendation of Kevin Underhill, author Lowering the Bar, which is a masterpiece of dry humor. If you're looking for legal humor, parts of The Odd Clauses are mildly funny, but Lowering the Bar is the sort of site that will have you staying up late reading just one more page of archives and reading bits aloud to anyone nearby.


text:
frisco texas
Eastern falls short to North Dakota State in FCS National Championship
The Eagles got into an early deficit against the Bison in Frisco, Texas, and came within 7 two different times, but NDSU quarterback Easton Stick's third rushing touchdown of the game was the dagger in a 38-24 loss.
Eastern vs NDSU draft
North Dakota State fans certainly outnumbered Eastern fans, packing three-quarters of Toyota Stadium Saturday, but the noise they brought didn't get in the Eagle's way.A wide array of penalties kept the offense from doing anything for most of the first…
Aaron Best on Eastern competing for championship: "We're not just okay to be here"
Eastern Washington and North Dakota State players and coaches spoke to the media today, here is a recap of some of the most interesting quotes.


text:
Oreodera seraisorum is een keversoort uit de familie van de boktorren (Cerambycidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 2010 door Néouze & Tavakilian.

seraisorum

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Mother Nature is a fickle mistress.
We had a taste of her icy tendencies recently, but temperatures forecast for this week seem a bit more on the mild side.
While this has some West Shore residents breathing a sigh of relief, and not seeing their breath, others are still longing for that glistening touch of frost and Jack Frost nipping at their nose.
Nostalgic posts on various social media sites – about the snow we had last year on Nov. 29 – are a good reminder of how weather on the West Shore and throughout Greater Victoria can change in a heartbeat.
We all know what could come in the next three weeks, as the official start of winter draws near. So now, while temperatures are warmer, is a perfect time to head outside and check to make sure your home's exterior is also ready for what Mother Nature may throw at it.
It's a good idea to check to make sure no leaves and debris have found their way into your property's drainage system or any other nearby storm drains or culverts.
And don't forget about those features you cannot see. Make sure no residual water has been left in irrigation systems, and that all exterior water taps have been left open with their water supply off.
No one wants to wake up to an unintentional back yard skating rink, except for maybe those hockey fanatics in the family.
'Tis also the season to lend a helping hand, so while you're out de-icing or sanding your walk, don't forget about neighbours who may need an extra hand keeping their property safe for delivery people such as letter carriers and your friendly neighbourhood Goldstream News Gazette carrier. Small acts of kindness go a long way at this time of year. Being prepared, with an extra bag of salt (or kitty litter) on hand, doesn't hurt either.
Who knows, we may wake up soon to find a dusting of snow on the peaks of nearby elevations such as Mt. Finlayson or Mt. Work, or even on the ground at lower elevations. But it's more likely we'll find ourselves needing an umbrella to stay dry.


I visited the Eduardo Paolozzi exhibition at the Whitechapel gallery yesterday, and it fair took my breath away, leaving me inspired and a bit overexcited! All I can say is go, go, go! I especially loved the lower ground floor which included work from the 1940s through to the 60s. His early drawings, prints and sculptures really spoke to me – they were intense, energetic and (his prints) full of amazing colour combinations. His print work is so interesting because up close it is full of lots of detail, but the prints still work from far away – clever stuff.
As usual the gallery have provided an amazing catalogue to accompany the exhibition, including great images of all the work displayed. I managed to get a very good discount (alomost £10 off rrp) on the paperback from Wordery (a few remaining at a discounted price).
Here is a pen drawing from me of Paolozzi's brutalist concrete sculpture Seagull & Fish; and then I tried to emulate the lines in a drawing of a barn owl – which I like, thought it isn't very brutal!
Over Christmas I drew some owls in my sketchbook; I thought I'd revisit my Tawny Owl sketches, working on them further paying attention to pattern, colour and simplifying form. I'm using black marker pens for the line and pattern, then blocking in watercolour after. These initial works are trying to get a grip on the form and posture of the bird.
1) Resident of the UK and they prefer woodland, shelter-belts and gardens. Their short wings give them great manoeuvrability to hunt in woodland.
2) They live up to 4 years; they pair up in their first year with a mate and usually stay together for life. Tawny owls prefer to nest in a tree-hole but have been found to use magpie nests, squirrel drey, holes in buildings, and nest boxes. A pair will typically produce 2 to 3 eggs in a clutch.
3) It is thought the contact calls between females (ke-wick) and the answering male ('hoo-hoo-oo') is the source of the idea that a tawny owl's call is 'twit twoo'. And this misrepresentation may be derived from Shakespeare trying to make the overlapping calls fit into a verse in Love's Labour's Lost.
4) They are a nocturnal bird, active at night and roosting in the day. Old names for this owl are: hill hooter, screech owl, wood owl, beech owl and ivy owl. Some of these names are a reminder of the owl's daytime roosts.
5) The pioneer bird photographer Eric Hosking lost an eye to a tawny owl while trying to photograph it. His biography was aptly titled An eye for a bird.


If you are an HOA, non-profit, business or education organization within the boundaries of the Memorial Super Neighborhood (map) you are eligible to join the Super Neighborhood Council. To join the Memorial Super Neighborhood please send an email to memorialsn16@gmail.com. We will ask you to make a copy of the Delegate Authorization Letter, fill in the form and return it to us to request membership. Your intention to join will be announced at the next meeting, and voted on at the following meeting. There are no dues associated with the Super Neighborhood. Super Neighborhood meetings are open to the public - everyone is invited to attend.
More information on the City Of Houston Super Neighborhood program.
All residents within the Memorial Super Neighborhood boundaries are eligible and encouraged to participate on a committee. There is no requirement to be on the Council to participate on a committee. To join send an email to the committee chair.


Spring has arrived at Sublime Pet Spa!
We will be having a professional photographer at our salon April 28th from 1pm until 3pm.
No appointment necessary, pet parents and human siblings can pose along side their dogs.
$15 for one high resolution 5×7 digital photo.
Photo will be emailed to you within 24-48 hours. Option to have the photo printed and picked up at the salon within 7 days as well.


text:
US-Iran tension: Indian Navy personnel escort SCI tanker via Strait of Hormuz
December 06, 2021 - Updated 06:19 pm IST | MUMBAI, JUNE 23
Use of Navy escort not compulsory, but an option for ship master, company
By P. Manoj
Desh Vishal, an oil super tanker owned by the state-run Shipping Corporation of India (SCI) has become the first Indian-flagged crude carrier to allow Indian Navy personnel to board the ship while it sailed through the Strait of Hormuz — the world's busiest transit lane for seaborne oil shipments — where two separate attacks on oil tankers recently have put crude movement from the Persian and Arabian Gulf in danger.
After a meeting in New Delhi on Friday between the Indian Navy, the Indian National Shipowners' Association and the Director General of Shipping, it was decided that Indian-flagged crude tankers ferrying crude from the region seeing rising tensions between Iran and the United States, can make use of escort from the Indian Navy – one officer and two sailors while transiting the Strait of Hormuz.
On Saturday, Indian Navy personnel boarded and disembarked Desh Vishal while it was passing through the Strait of Hormuz. The Indian Navy will board an Indian-flagged LPG tanker owned by a private firm on Sunday on its passage through Hormuz, at least two people briefed on the development said, asking not to be named.
SCI could not be reached immediately for comment as its office was closed due to Sunday.
"The escort service has already started with Deshi Vishal. Indian Navy guards will board other ships also on a-case-to-case basis. It is an option, whoever wants can make use of this. Indian-flagged crude and petroleum product tanker owners can either allow Naval personnel to board the vessel or they can request the Navy to carry out inspection of the ship's hull/structure. It is up to the master of the ship and the company, what they want," a government official said.
"It is an option for the tanker owners, but we are hoping that they will all agree. The SCI vessel has already taken it. We'll see how it progresses," he said.
US-Iran tensions
The attack on the oil tankers is seen as a fall-out of the sanctions re-imposed by the US last year on Iran over its disputed nuclear program, choking its oil exports.
While India has virtually stopped buying crude from Iran, the Strait serves as a vital shipping route for imports from other Gulf suppliers.
Located between Oman and Iran, the Strait of Hormuz connects the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea. It is the world's most important oil shipping route because of the large volumes of oil that flow through the Strait.
In 2018, its daily oil flow averaged 21 million barrels per day (b/d), or the equivalent of about 21 per cent of global petroleum liquids consumption.
Also read:Strait of Hormuz: the world's most important oil artery
Flows through the Strait of Hormuz in 2018 made up about one-third of total global seaborne traded oil.
More than one-quarter of global liquefied natural gas trade also transited the Strait of Hormuz in 2018, according to the US Energy Information Administration (EIA), a website run by the US Department of Energy.
There are limited options to bypass the Strait of Hormuz. Only Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates have pipelines that can ship crude oil outside the Persian Gulf and have the additional pipeline capacity to circumvent the Strait of Hormuz.
Saudi Arabia, the world's top oil exporter, moves the most crude oil and condensate through the Strait of Hormuz.
"EIA estimates that 76 per cent of the crude oil and condensate that moved through the Strait of Hormuz went to Asian markets in 2018. China, India, Japan, South Korea, and Singapore were the largest destinations for crude oil moving through the Strait of Hormuz to Asia, accounting for 65 per cent of all Hormuz crude oil and condensate flows in 2018," it said on its website.
oil and gas - downstream activities
Nifty prediction for January 27, 2023: Go short now
Padma awards 2023


ClickThai Map of Thailand as seen on www.clickthai.de as a plain PDF file.
This map was created in 2000-2001 and is no longer quite so fresh as a daisy. Nevertheless, it is ideally suited as offline map to explore Thailand.
With the extensive index you can quickly find larger towns and attractions. The CD-based version, which you can order here, is almost identical to the online-version and contains only HTML pages to be operable on all operating systems. It contains the PDF version too.
and print wall-size maps in the original size (2.9 x 1.6 m or 9½ x 5¼ ft.) or even larger. The staff at your local print shop would love to hear from you.


Some advice: Vice Lipstick…. the new collection by Urban Decay.
Our love of this brand is deep (like the pigments) and the creamy formula is full of nourishing ingredients, keeping your lips hydrated & soft. The color range is sick … from amazing neutrals to intense reds and purples, as well as foil finishes that will blow ya mind. I love that there seem to be a conscious thought to make a range that truly works on a spectrum of skintones.


"Frontline officers have warned that the fleet is a "disgrace" and "held together with duct tape". Recently in Kirkcaldy, only two of nine police vehicles was roadworthy.
"Unfortunately, rather than addressing these serious concerns from officers, the Justice Secretary chose to pick a political fight and insist that opposition politicians had no right to raise them. The police and the public deserve better from the Scottish Government.


A successful local marketing strategy requires more than just choosing a few general keywords and setting up pages on Facebook and Yelp. Small businesses and consumers are constantly getting smarter. So if you want to stay ahead of the competition and make sure local customers can find your business, your local marketing strategy has to evolve.
Small Business Trends recently spoke with David "Rev" Ciancio, director, industry insights for Yext, a company that helps businesses manage their digital knowledge and reputation everywhere it lives online including listings, maps, apps, Knowledge cards and more. During the conversation, Rev shared a number of helpful insights for small businesses looking to step up their local marketing efforts. Here are the top 10 tips.
Google isn't the only place where all your business information should be listed and up-to-date. There are hundreds of them out there that range from general sites like Yelp, Facebook and YP.com to ones meant for specific industries like TripAdvisor for hospitality businesses, and YaSabe, USA Yellow Pages site for Latinos.
Rev said overlooking these business listings is the number one mistake that local businesses make with their online marketing efforts. Yext offers a solution that can help you easily control and update all of your business listings across platforms. But even if you don't choose to use a paid service, monitoring these listings manually should be a top marketing priority.
Updating your digital knowledge isn't just a one-time task either. You should sift through all the places online where your customers can find these facts about your brand regularly, especially if you've made any recent changes, like updating your holiday hours or adding a new service. Doing so should only take a few minutes if you are using Yext. If you are managing your digital knowledge manually, it will take much longer as you'll need to update each intelligent service on its own..
Keywords are a major component of any SEO marketing strategy. But when you think of the keywords to focus on for your local business, you have to go beyond just your industry and location.
Rev says, "You can have them on your own website too, you just have to follow the rules — you can't sift through them. A third-party software can help you navigate these rules.
When customers do leave reviews, whether it's on your website or another platform, respond. You can use it as an opportunity to turn around a negative experience, explain your business's position or just say sorry and thanks.
Another way to respond and potentially even encourage more reviews is to thank customers publicly for them. You can add a quick update to your Facebook page posting a positive review and thanking the individual for sharing their feedback. It's simple, but it can lead to more visibility and might just remind someone who's been meaning to share their thoughts to finally do so.
When it comes to local search, getting your business to the top of the results page, or at least in the top three listings, is the ultimate goal. And sometimes, the fastest way to do that is by paying for advertising space on Google or other relevant platforms.
Though customers can get plenty of information from search engines and business listings, your website is still important. And your goal when building your website should be to answer any questions customers might have when deciding whether to patronize your business or not. This can be done through a FAQ section or just including enough information on your homepage.
You also need to think about the customer journey and tailor your copy to that experience.
These tips should help your local marketing efforts now. But going forward, there's another trend that could make a major impact on your search marketing.
Local search marketing is still very effective in driving people into your website. It is a worthy skill to master especially if you have a product or service that is only active in a particular area.


SCHATEX LIVING PLANKS - Carpet planks for modern living!
Are you looking for a diversified design of your living space and you do not want to do without innovative formats for a textile floor covering? Then discover Schatex Living Planks now and get yourself the popular new edition of carpeting tiles, now available in plank format! Thanks to their increased utility class, this collection is now even more effective and offers even more combinations for a more exciting design.
Schatex Living Planks "2603 Greige"
Schatex Living Planks "2618 Grey"
Schatex Living Planks "2623 Livid"
Schatex carpet planks - Let your imagination run wild!
The key special feature of the carpet flooring lies above all in the cosy and homely charisma, which is mainly due to the soft processing of the yarn material. The surface of tufted loop fabric offers a classic appearance, which is available in many shades. While the planks themselves shine in a chic beige-grey, grey or subtle blue-grey, the collection looks especially in addition to the carpet tiles of the same name. These are available in basic shades of beige, black, dark grey, light grey, various shades of blue, brown, red or green. The combination often results in exciting patterns and design options.
Of course, even monochromatic areas with the 1 m x 25 cm can create, but the true strength lies in the variety of planks. So you can design each spot with a different coloured floorboard or use the wider carpet tiles to create exciting patterns.
But the beauty of carpet flooring is the fact that you can just try the colour combinations. Because the carpet planks are not glued in place, but only loosely laid, so you can pick up the individual modules again at any time and move elsewhere. This is not only an advantage if you want to rethink your interior design. Even if the floor is heavily filthy, individual pieces can be easily detached and then cleaned or replaced.
Nevertheless, the textile floorboards reliably hold the floor in use without slipping. This is mainly due to the high weight of the planks, which prevents you from literally losing the ground under your feet. By additional limitations, for example, by other planks, walls or heavy objects, the modules are additionally fixed and stabilized. How easy it is to apply your new floor covering has been summarized for you in a small guide to laying carpet planks. There you will also find a practical instruction video, which shows you further helpful tips and tricks.
Schatex Carpet Planks - Suitable for those with allergies!
In addition to a good appearance and ease of use, it is the technical In addition to a good appearance and ease of use, it is the technical properties that make Schatex Living Planks such an excellent carpet flooring. Textile floor coverings are usually popular because they have a positive effect on indoor air quality. Domestic and fine dust particles simply remain attached to the fibres of the carpet planks, whereupon the dust content in your breathing air is significantly reduced. Allergy sufferers or persons sensitive to dust, therefore, rely on textile floor coverings, but you do not have to suffer from an allergy to be able to enjoy the fresher air. To reliably retain dust, all you have to do is make sure that old remains are removed on a regular basis. You can easily get rid of them with the help of a vacuum cleaner! This makes it much easier to relax or concentrate at work.
If you are particularly affected by dust or dust mites, it may be helpful to install underfloor heating. The rising heat from below changes the air circulation in your rooms and additionally limits the movements of the dust. So it's a good idea that Schatex Living carpet planks have a hot-water floor heating system that allows you to combine such heating systems safely with the floor covering. Therefore, the carpet floorboards were also antistatic properties equipped to prevent the formation of electrical charges at low humidity. According to fire protection class Cfl-s1, this floor is also considered to be hardly inflammable and develops even in case of fire only a little smoke.
SCHATEX LIVING PLANKS - Great Carpet planks at a great price, now at Bricoflor!
Do you want to renovate your premises with the unique format of the Schatex Living Planks? Then go ahead and order your new carpet flooring today at BRICOFLOR, the online shop for wall and floor coverings of your choice. With us you not only get your floor quickly and reliably, we also offer you excellent conditions so that you can sometimes save money by purchasing from us. So we can offer you our products, for example, thanks to our best price guarantee for the cheapest price. A personal view of our products is possible through the use of our free sample service. Just ask for your favourite decors and we will send you informative samples directly to your home. From certain larger order quantities, it is also possible for us to create an individual offer on request. For further questions about our products, your order or for an offer, we are also happy to personally available. You can reach us by phone at our hotline, online via e-mail or directly via our practical contact form. We are looking forward to hearing from you!


text:
Maryland Casino Revenue Down In December Despite 2022 Record
Posted on January 16, 2023 - Last Updated on January 18, 2023
Maryland casino revenue took a year-over-year hit in December, as the state's six locations totaled $165.2 million in revenue (-4.5% YoY). For the year, however, Maryland casinos topped $2 billion in revenue — a new record.
Maryland state revenue down slightly from 2021
The six Maryland casinos found throughout the state are each retail brick-and-mortar venues. Online casino gambling remains prohibited.
Of the $165,2 million in revenue generated by Maryland casinos in December, $110.5 million came from slots — roughly double the $54.7 million that table games produced.
However, these numbers only tell a small portion of 2022's overarching storylines.
One monumental accomplishment — retail casino revenue topped $2 billion in the calendar year for the first time in state history.
Another: online sports betting launched in November, revealing a promising for retail casinos and Maryland's long-term gambling landscape.
The state took in $69.7 million for the year (-2% YoY), with $50.7 million (-2.1%) going to Maryland's Education Trust Fund. The remaining $19 million went primarily toward local aid, horse racing, and supporting local small-, minority- and women-owned businesses.
Retail casino outlook remains favorable, despite a down month
Nearly two months have passed since Maryland online sports betting went live, with sports betting figures expectedly skyrocketing as a result.
Prior to the Nov. 23 launch date of online sportsbooks, monthly handles totaled in the tens of millions throughout 2022. Since going live, 96% of all action has come from sportsbook apps, causing that number to multiply.
The first week of online wagering closed out November with over $200 million in handle. December was the first full month recorded, and the handle almost hit $500 million.
Retail books should remain largely unaffected, even with most bets placed on a device. Halfway through the 2022-2023 fiscal year, revenue totals $1.05 billion, up $49 million (+4.9%) YoY.
Furthermore, the overlap between casino gambling and sports betting money wagered tends to be minuscule.
In fact, even the overlap between online-versus-retail casino gamblers is virtually nonexistent. States such as Pennsylvania, Michigan and New Jersey have experienced that firsthand, enabling them to take advantage of a thriving online casino industry without affecting retail casino gross gaming revenue.
If anything, these results suggest that it's in the best interest of states to offer both online brick-and-mortar casino gambling. Any decline in revenue likely comes from other external circumstances.
Two casinos continue to dominate
MGM National Harbor and Live! Casino & Hotel retained supreme dominance over the other four properties statewide, accounting for over 78% of December's revenue.
MGM led the pack with $69.4 million in revenue (-$5.1 million; -6.9% YoY), maintaining the top spot in the state thanks to a strong table games performance of $28 million.
Slot revenue between the two properties was nearly identical: MGM had $41.3 million in slot revenue to Live!'s $41.1 million. Live! accounted for $18.6 million in the pits, bringing its monthly total to $59.7 million (-$2.8 million; -4.4% YoY).
No other casino came close to these two, as revenue for the other four properties reached only a combined $36.1 million.
Maryland Casino Revenue In December
MGM National Harbor $41.3 million $28 million $69.3 million
Live! Casino & Hotel Maryland $41.1 million $18.6 million $59.7 million
Horseshoe Casino Baltimore $11 million $5.8 million $16.8 million
Hollywood Casino Perryville $6.2 million $1.1 million $7.3 million
Ocean Downs Casino $6.5 million $678,000 $7.2 million
Rocky Gap Casino Resort $4.3 million $512,000 $4.8 million
$110.5 million
Two other properties show year-over-year profit in December
Outside of the top two properties, Horseshoe Casino Baltimore made up nearly what remained, bringing in $16.8 million for the month (-$244K; -1.4% YoY).
Despite recording lower absolute revenue figures than its competitors, Hollywood Casino Perryville and Ocean Downs Casino showed a year-over-year profit in December.
Hollywood reported $7.3 million in revenue (+$106K; +1.5% YoY), edging out Ocean Downs' $7.2 million (+$490K; +7.3% YoY) by less than $100,000.
Ocean Downs actually outperformed Hollywood by $285K in slots, but it took in only $678K in table games revenue, compared to Hollywood's $1.1 million.
Rocky Gap, the state's smallest casino by a wide margin, recorded $4.8 million for the month, a $183K drop (-3.7%) YoY.
Will 2023 show more growth?
Maryland casinos should expect a bump in traffic for January due to the NFL playoffs, even with the Ravens losing their wildcard matchup against the Cincinnati Bengals. Poker tournaments at Maryland Live! and MGM National Harbor are also running throughout the month, which should bring in additional business.
In years past, January has been one of the slower months of the year. Thus, a bump in January can set the pace for the rest of the year, especially as March Madness will be here before we know it.
The ceiling for Maryland's casinos remains unknown, though. Casinos set single-month records three times in 2022 (May, July and October) – a tall task to top, especially as October's revenue reached $212.9 million.
However, casinos can still have a successful year, even if they don't break $200 million monthly. Revenue has steadily increased since casinos reopened in 2020, and plenty of room remains for consistent growth this year and beyond.


text:
Stephan VIII. (IX.) (* in Rom; † Oktober 942) war Papst vom 14. Juli 939 bis zu seinem Tod Ende Oktober 942.

Stephan VIII. stammte aus Rom und war wahrscheinlich Kardinalpriester von Santi Silvestro e Martino ai Monti. Seine Wahl zum Papst erfolgte unter dem Einfluss des römischen Fürsten Alberich II. Er war der zweite Papst, der sein Amt der Einmischung dieses Fürsten verdankte. Wegen der dadurch gegebenen Abhängigkeit regierte er über den Kirchenstaat nur formell.

Aus seinem Pontifikat sind nur wenige Ereignisse bekannt. So soll Stephan gemeinsam mit Alberich die Klosterreformen von Cluny unterstützt und auch Abt Odo von Cluny empfangen haben. Im französischen Thronstreit stellte er sich auf die Seite des westfränkischen Königs Ludwig IV.

Späteren, unsicheren Quellen zufolge sei Stephan VIII. in politische Kämpfe zwischen dem italienischen König Hugo von Arles und Alberich II. verwickelt gewesen und habe sich an einer Revolte gegen seinen früheren Förderer Alberich beteiligt. Deshalb sei er eingekerkert und zuletzt durch eine Verstümmelung bestraft worden, an deren Folgen er gestorben sei.

Zählung
In einer alternativen Zählung wird der zum Papst gewählte, aber noch vor seiner Bischofsweihe verstorbene Priester Stephan (II.) als Papst anerkannt. In Folge werden alle weiteren Päpste dieses Namens mit einer höheren Nummer gezählt, also Stephan VIII. als Stephan IX. – in Fachliteratur wird zur Vermeidung von Missverständnissen oft die Schreibweise Stephan VIII. (IX.) verwendet.

Literatur

Weblinks

Papst
Historische Person (Italien)
Geboren im 9. oder 10. Jahrhundert
Gestorben 942
Mann