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You searched for Medical Malpractice. Did you mean Medical Malpractice in Personal Injury -- Plaintiff?
Wrongful Death, Birth Injury, Brain Injury, Health Care
Montevallo, Alabaster, Pelham, Clanton, Bessemer
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Top Wilton Medical Malpractice Lawyers - Alabama
Nearby Cities: Montevallo, Alabaster, Pelham, Clanton, Bessemer
Related Practice Areas: Wrongful Death, Birth Injury, Brain Injury, Health Care
Goldasich, Vick & Fulk Attorneys At Law
Medical Malpractice Lawyers Serving Wilton, AL (Alabama)
Medical Malpractice attorneys serving the state of Alabama.
At Goldasich & Associates, we are committed to helping people and families in Birmingham, Alabama, following a personal injury or accident. Our law firm realizes that car and truck collisions yield catastrophic results well after the impact. Our attorneys work relentlessly to secure compensation for medical expenses, hindered income and all future needs. Over the years, we have obtained more...
Salter Ferguson, LLC
Medical Malpractice Lawyers Serving Wilton, AL (Birmingham)
Exclusively devoted to advocating for victims of personal injury, our team at Salter Ferguson, LLC, takes cases throughout the Birmingham, Alabama, area. The mother-daughter team at our law firm brings significant experience to the table. Attorney Karen Salter is a former hospital manager and a current registered nurse. Attorney Carmen Ferguson formerly served as an insurance adjuster. Those...
Marsh, Rickard & Bryan, P.C.
Since 1996, Marsh, Rickard & Bryan, P.C., a Birmingham, Alabama, personal injury law firm has helped clients across the state recover compensation following car, truck and on-the-job accidents. If you have been in a motor vehicle accident, we are here to assuage your concerns by launching a skilled, unrelenting pursuit for the damages you deserve. We handle a variety of other personal injury...
The Denson Law Firm, LLC
Hollis, Wright, Clay & Vail, P.C.
The car and truck accident attorneys at Hollis, Wright, Clay & Vail, PC, have been successfully representing injured individuals for decades. Our attorneys have achieved some of the largest settlements and verdicts in the State of Alabama for individuals killed or injured in motor vehicle accidents. Our law firm commits considerable financial and investigative resources towards every...
At the new local office of Morgan & Morgan law firm in Birmingham, Alabama our personal injury lawyers represent victims in the Great Birmingham metropolitan area includes next cities Hoover and Talladega. If you have been injured as a result of medical negligence, a auto accident or a harassed by debt collector, we are here to help you get the compensation you deserve. Our Birmingham office...
Farris, Riley & Pitt, LLP
At the law office of Farris, Riley & Pitt in Birmingham, Alabama, we are fully committed to helping you obtain the justice you deserve for the serious injuries and losses you sustained as the result of someone else's negligent, careless or unlawful actions. Serving plaintiff clients throughout the Greater Birmingham metro area and all across the state, our attorneys possess decades of combined...
The Patton Firm
Dedicated to representing people who have been wronged, The Patton Firm advocates for clients in Birmingham and Jefferson County, Alabama. The team at this law firm takes on personal injury, workplace discrimination and workers' compensation claims. Combining more than 40 years of courtroom experience, they have appeared before the Alabama Supreme Court and in several appeals courts. Winning a...
The Sapp Law Firm, L.L.C.
Medical Malpractice Lawyers Serving Wilton, AL (Jasper)
Jasper Personal Injury, Workers' Compensation, SSDI Law Firm At The Sapp Law Firm, we are committed to making a positive difference in the lives of our clients. We are a plaintiff's personal injury firm focusing on personal injury, workers' compensation and Social Security Disability. Our mission is to help people who have been injured or disabled obtain the compensation they need to move forward...
Joe M. Reed & Associates, LLC
Medical Malpractice Lawyers Serving Wilton, AL (Montgomery)
At the law office of Joe M. Reed & Associates, LLC, in Montgomery, Alabama, we are fully prepared to help you with all of the serious and complex civil and criminal matters affecting your life. Serving clients throughout the state, the attorneys at our law firm possess more than 16 years of legal experience, and we have achieved notable success advocating on behalf of those who are dealing...
Law Office of Dwayne L. Brown, P.C.
At The Law Office of Dwayne L. Brown in Montgomery, Alabama, we are fully prepared to help you obtain the maximum amount of compensation for the injuries and losses you suffered as the result of someone else's negligence or wrongdoing. In addition to handling all types of personal injury and wrongful death claims, our law firm also provides exceptional representation in criminal defense and...
Strickland & Kendall, L.L.C.
At the law office of Strickland & Kendall, LLC, in Montgomery, Alabama, we are fully prepared to do whatever is necessary to help you recover the maximum amount of compensation for the injuries and losses you sustained as the result of someone else's negligent, careless or unlawful actions. Serving clients throughout the state as well as across the country, our law firm's founders, attorneys...
Roianne Houlton Conner
At The Law Office of Roianne Houlton Conner in Montgomery, Alabama, our attorneys focus on family law, criminal law and personal injury law. With over 30 years of combined experience representing thousands of clients and their families in the Montgomery metro area, we are dedicated to providing our clients with the finest legal services available in the following areas: • Family law: divorce,...
Chip Nix Attorney at Law
At Chip Nix Attorney at Law, we have the credentials and experience to hold negligent parties accountable for the damage they cause in personal injury cases. From our Montgomery, Alabama, law office, we excel in cases that include catastrophic trucking accidents across the state. Our attorney has more than 40 years of experience pursuing compensation from insurance companies, corporations and...
Law Offices of Jennifer Joyce Tompkins, LLC
Michael W. Kelley, II, Attorney at Law
I am attorney Michael Kelly, and from my law office in Montgomery, Alabama, Michael W. Kelley, II, Attorney at Law, I strive to provide the highest level of advocacy and support to those who suffered an injury or lost a loved one as the result of someone else's negligent, careless or unlawful actions. In addition to handling all types of personal injury and wrongful death claims, my law firm...
Law Office of Melvin Hasting
Medical Malpractice Lawyers Serving Wilton, AL (Cullman)
When people in Cullman County, Alabama, suffer personal injury, our team at the Law Office of Melvin Hasting is committed to helping them pursue financial justice. We pride ourselves on providing our clients with small firm attention; however, we aggressively advocate on clients' behalf and will not back down when facing large firms, corporations or insurance companies. Sometimes accidents just...
Walker Law Firm
Medical Malpractice Lawyers Serving Wilton, AL (Auburn)
Bringing nearly two decades of experience to our practice, our team at the Walker Law Firm in Auburn, Alabama, advocates for people involved in personal injury, criminal law and family law matters. Throughout the eastern part of our state, we are known for effective and aggressive representation. Our founder, Hal Walker, has been recognized for his work and holds honors such as earning the highest...
John A. Tinney, Attorney at Law
Medical Malpractice Lawyers Serving Wilton, AL (Roanoke)
At the Roanoke law office of John A. Tinney, we have more than 40 years of experience resolving legal challenges of all types and all sizes throughout Alabama. If it's important to you, it's important to us. We don't turn down cases because they are too big. Our experience, our skill and our resources allow us to take on the most complex cases. In fact, we are the law firm other law firms often...
Whittelsey, Whittelsey, Poole and Corley P.C.
Medical Malpractice Lawyers Serving Wilton, AL (Opelika)
Our law firm, Whittelsey, Whittelsey, Poole and Corley P.C., has roots in the Opelika community that date back nearly 100 years. Our attorneys are experienced in a range of legal matters in Alabama, including personal injury, criminal law, family law, estate planning and business planning. We have fostered a sense of community at our law firm since our founding in 1918. Over the years the...
Need help with a Medical Malpractice issue?
You've come to the right place. If you (or a loved one) suffered an injury based on a bad diagnosis, botched surgery, doctor fraud, prescription error, or breach of doctor-patient confidentiality, a medical malpractice lawyer can help. Medical malpractice lawyers may also defend you if you are a medical professional who was sued for malpractice.
Use FindLaw to hire a local medical malpractice lawyer near you to represent you in your medical malpractice dispute.
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Use the contact form on the profiles to connect with a Wilton, Alabama attorney for legal advice.


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Just after the Savannah Book Festival announced its lineup for Presidents Day Weekend, Feb 16-19, headline author Colson Whitehead was named the National Book Award winner in fiction for his imaginative historic novel The Underground Railroad. Whitehead joins nearly 40 more authors for the festival's 10th anniversary celebration, including James Patterson, who returns for opening night; free Saturday scribes Jane Green, Tama Janowitz, Cassandra King and Jay McInerny; and Christina Baker Kline, bestselling author of Orphan Train, who will deliver the closing address.
For the full list of authors and tickets to "Evening with" events, go to savannahbookfestival.org.


Summary of story from the Daily Mirror, 25.2.11.
Childbirth has topped a list of big life worries, for both women and men.
'Firsts', such as losing virginity and leaving home, also featured highly in a 'top 10' list compiled to mark the launch of cable TV drama, Rookie Blue.
That probably explains why more and more women are delaying pregnancy until they are in their thirties (see earlier WVoN story).


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Home > Medicine > Medicine Thesis Digital Library > 235
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
The State of Teleradiology in 2003 and Changes Since 1999
Todd Lawson Ebbert, Yale University
Medical Doctor (MD)
Howard Forman
The purpose of this study is to describe in detail the use of teleradiology in 2003 and to report on changes since 1999 in this rapidly evolving field. We analyze data from the American College of Radiologys 2003 Survey of Radiologists, a stratified, random sample mail survey that achieved a response rate of 63%. Responses were weighted to represent the distribution of individual radiologists and radiology practices nationwide. We present descriptive statistics and regression analysis results on the prevalence and use of teleradiology in 2003 and comparisons with 1999. Overall, 67% of all radiology practices in the United States, which included 78% of all U.S. radiologists, reported utilizing any eleradiology, a significant increase (p<0.05) from the 58% of practices in 1999 reporting teleradiology or PACS use. In practices having teleradiology, home was the most frequent receiving site in both in 1999 (81%) and 2003 (75%), the percentages being not significantly different. In these practices, other transmission patterns also showed no significant changes from 1999 to 2003, including within facility image transmission 59% in 1999 vs. 61% in 2003, and beyond facility image transmission, 47% in 1999 vs. 50% in 2003. Teleradiology was the most commonly used efficiency enhancing mechanism in 2003, being used by more practices than standardized dictation templates or report language (48% of practices) and support staff to hang films (44% of practices). Already a fixture of radiology practice in 1999, teleradiology prevalence increased substantially by 2003, yet with no significant change in the primary uses of teleradiology. In 2003, teleradiology was the most commonly reported efficiency enhancing mechanism used by radiologists.
This thesis is restricted to Yale network users only. This thesis is permanently embargoed from public release.
Ebbert, Todd Lawson, "The State of Teleradiology in 2003 and Changes Since 1999" (2006). Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library. 235.
https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/ymtdl/235
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Research article 09 Sep 2011
Research article | 09 Sep 2011
Microphysical simulations of new particle formation in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere
J. M. English et al.
Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Atmospheric Modelling | Altitude Range: Stratosphere | Science Focus: Physics (physical properties and processes)
North Atlantic Oscillation response in GeoMIP experiments G6solar and G6sulfur: why detailed modelling is needed for understanding regional implications of solar radiation management
Andy Jones, Jim M. Haywood, Anthony C. Jones, Simone Tilmes, Ben Kravitz, and Alan Robock
Two different methods of simulating a geoengineering scenario are compared using data from two different Earth system models. One method is very idealised while the other includes details of a plausible mechanism. The results from both models agree that the idealised approach does not capture an impact found when detailed modelling is included, namely that geoengineering induces a positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation which leads to warmer, wetter winters in northern Europe.
Scant evidence for a volcanically forced winter warming over Eurasia following the Krakatau eruption of August 1883
Lorenzo M. Polvani and Suzana J. Camargo
On the basis of questionable early studies, it is widely believed that low-latitude volcanic eruptions cause winter warming over Eurasia. However, we here demonstrate that the winter warming over Eurasia following the 1883 Krakatau eruption was unremarkable and, in all likelihood, unrelated to that eruption. Confirming similar findings for the 1991 Pinatubo eruption, the new research demonstrates that no detectable Eurasian winter warming is to be expected after eruptions of similar magnitude.
Model physics and chemistry causing intermodel disagreement within the VolMIP-Tambora Interactive Stratospheric Aerosol ensemble
Margot Clyne, Jean-Francois Lamarque, Michael J. Mills, Myriam Khodri, William Ball, Slimane Bekki, Sandip S. Dhomse, Nicolas Lebas, Graham Mann, Lauren Marshall, Ulrike Niemeier, Virginie Poulain, Alan Robock, Eugene Rozanov, Anja Schmidt, Andrea Stenke, Timofei Sukhodolov, Claudia Timmreck, Matthew Toohey, Fiona Tummon, Davide Zanchettin, Yunqian Zhu, and Owen B. Toon
This study finds how and why five state-of-the-art global climate models with interactive stratospheric aerosols differ when simulating the aftermath of large volcanic injections as part of the Model Intercomparison Project on the climatic response to Volcanic forcing (VolMIP). We identify and explain the consequences of significant disparities in the underlying physics and chemistry currently in some of the models, which are problems likely not unique to the models participating in this study.
Differing responses of the quasi-biennial oscillation to artificial SO2 injections in two global models
Ulrike Niemeier, Jadwiga H. Richter, and Simone Tilmes
Artificial injections of SO2 into the tropical stratosphere show an impact on the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). Different numerical models show only qualitatively but not quantitatively consistent impacts. We show for two models that the response of the QBO is similar when a similar stratospheric heating rate is induced by SO2 injections of different amounts. The reason is very different vertical advection in the two models resulting in different aerosol burden and heating of the aerosols.
Revisiting the Agung 1963 volcanic forcing – impact of one or two eruptions
Ulrike Niemeier, Claudia Timmreck, and Kirstin Krüger
In 1963 Mt. Agung, Indonesia, showed unrest for several months. During this period, two medium-sized eruptions injected SO2 into the stratosphere. Recent volcanic emission datasets include only one large eruption phase. Therefore, we compared model experiments, with (a) one larger eruption and (b) two eruptions as observed. The evolution of the volcanic cloud differs significantly between the two experiments. Both climatic eruptions should be taken into account.
Northern Hemisphere continental winter warming following the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption: reconciling models and observations
Lorenzo M. Polvani, Antara Banerjee, and Anja Schmidt
This study provides compelling new evidence that the surface winter warming observed over the Northern Hemisphere continents following the 1991 eruption of Mt. Pinatubo was, very likely, completely unrelated to the eruption. This result has implications for earlier eruptions, as the evidence presented here demonstrates that the surface signal of even the very largest known eruptions may be swamped by the internal variability at high latitudes.
Upper tropospheric ice sensitivity to sulfate geoengineering
Daniele Visioni, Giovanni Pitari, Glauco di Genova, Simone Tilmes, and Irene Cionni
Many side effects of sulfate geoengineering have to be analyzed before the world can even consider deploying this method of solar radiation management. In particular, we show that ice clouds in the upper troposphere are modified by a sulfate injection, producing a change that (by allowing for more planetary radiation to escape to space) would produce a further cooling. This might be important when considering the necessary amount of sulfate that needs to be injected to achieve a certain target.
Stratospheric aerosol radiative forcing simulated by the chemistry climate model EMAC using Aerosol CCI satellite data
Christoph Brühl, Jennifer Schallock, Klaus Klingmüller, Charles Robert, Christine Bingen, Lieven Clarisse, Andreas Heckel, Peter North, and Landon Rieger
Use of multi-instrument satellite data is important to get consistent simulations of aerosol radiative forcing by a complex chemistry climate model, here with a main focus on the lower stratosphere. The satellite data at different wavelengths together with the patterns in the simulated size distribution point to a significant contribution from moist mineral dust lifted to the tropopause region by the Asian summer monsoon.
Dynamical response of Mediterranean precipitation to greenhouse gases and aerosols
Tao Tang, Drew Shindell, Bjørn H. Samset, Oliviér Boucher, Piers M. Forster, Øivind Hodnebrog, Gunnar Myhre, Jana Sillmann, Apostolos Voulgarakis, Timothy Andrews, Gregory Faluvegi, Dagmar Fläschner, Trond Iversen, Matthew Kasoar, Viatcheslav Kharin, Alf Kirkevåg, Jean-Francois Lamarque, Dirk Olivié, Thomas Richardson, Camilla W. Stjern, and Toshihiko Takemura
Global radiative effects of solid fuel cookstove aerosol emissions
Yaoxian Huang, Nadine Unger, Trude Storelvmo, Kandice Harper, Yiqi Zheng, and Chris Heyes
We apply a global 3-D climate model to quantify the climate impacts of carbonaceous aerosols from solid fuel cookstove emissions. Without black carbon (BC) serving as ice nuclei (IN), global and Indian solid fuel cookstove aerosol emissions have net global cooling impacts. However, when BC acts as IN, the net sign of radiative impacts of carbonaceous aerosols from solid fuel cookstove emissions varies with the choice of maximum freezing efficiency of BC during ice cloud formation.
Model simulations of the chemical and aerosol microphysical evolution of the Sarychev Peak 2009 eruption cloud compared to in situ and satellite observations
Thibaut Lurton, Fabrice Jégou, Gwenaël Berthet, Jean-Baptiste Renard, Lieven Clarisse, Anja Schmidt, Colette Brogniez, and Tjarda J. Roberts
We quantify the chemical and microphysical effects of volcanic SO2 and HCl from the June 2009 Sarychev Peak eruption using a comprehensive aerosol–chemistry model combined with in situ measurements and satellite retrievals. Our results suggest that previous studies underestimated the eruption's atmospheric and climatic impact, mainly because previous model-to-satellite comparisons had to make assumptions about the aerosol size distribution and were based on biased satellite retrievals of AOD.
Sensitivity of the radiative forcing by stratospheric sulfur geoengineering to the amount and strategy of the SO2injection studied with the LMDZ-S3A model
Christoph Kleinschmitt, Olivier Boucher, and Ulrich Platt
We use a state-of-the-art stratospheric aerosol model to study geoengineering through stratospheric sulfur injections. We find that the efficiency may decrease more drastically for larger injections than previously estimated and that injections at higher altitude are not more effective. This study may provide additional evidence that this proposed geoengineering technique is still more complicated, probably less effective, and may implicate stronger side effects than initially thought.
Sulfur deposition changes under sulfate geoengineering conditions: quasi-biennial oscillation effects on the transport and lifetime of stratospheric aerosols
Daniele Visioni, Giovanni Pitari, Paolo Tuccella, and Gabriele Curci
Sulfate geoengineering is a proposed technique that would mimic explosive volcanic eruptions by injecting sulfur dioxide (SO2) into the stratosphere to counteract global warming produced by greenhouse gases by reflecting part of the incoming solar radiation. In this study we use two models to simulate how the injected aerosols would react to dynamical changes in the stratosphere (due to the quasi-biennial oscillation - QBO) and how this would affect the deposition of sulfate at the surface.
Changing transport processes in the stratosphere by radiative heating of sulfate aerosols
Ulrike Niemeier and Hauke Schmidt
An artificial stratospheric sulfur layer heats the lower stratosphere which impacts stratospheric dynamics and transport. The quasi-biennial oscillation shuts down due to the heated sulfur layer which impacts the meridional transport of the sulfate aerosols. The tropical confinement of the sulfate is stronger and the radiative forcing efficiency of the aerosol layer decreases compared to previous studies, as does the forcing when increasing the injection height.
Equatorward dispersion of a high-latitude volcanic plume and its relation to the Asian summer monsoon: a case study of the Sarychev eruption in 2009
Xue Wu, Sabine Griessbach, and Lars Hoffmann
This study is focused on the Sarychev eruption in 2009. Based on Lagrangian model simulations and satellite data, the equatorward transport of the plume and aerosol from the Sarychev eruption is confirmed, and the transport is facilitated by the Asian summer monsoon anticyclonic circulations. The aerosol transported to the tropics remained for months and dispersed upward, which could make the Sarychev eruption have a similar global climate impact as a tropical volcanic eruption.
Sulfate geoengineering impact on methane transport and lifetime: results from the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP)
Daniele Visioni, Giovanni Pitari, Valentina Aquila, Simone Tilmes, Irene Cionni, Glauco Di Genova, and Eva Mancini
Sulfate geoengineering (SG), the sustained injection of SO2 in the lower stratosphere, is being discussed as a way to counterbalance surface warming, mimicking volcanic eruptions. In this paper, we analyse results from two models part of the GeoMIP project in order to understand the effect SG might have on the concentration and lifetime of methane, which acts in the atmosphere as a greenhouse gas. Understanding possible side effects of SG is a crucial step if its viability is to be assessed.
Nucleation modeling of the Antarctic stratospheric CN layer and derivation of sulfuric acid profiles
Steffen Münch and Joachim Curtius
Recent research has analyzed the formation of a particle (CN) layer in the stratosphere above Antarctica after sunrise. We investigate the CN layer formation processes with our particle formation model and derive sulfuric acid profiles (no measurements exist). Our study confirms existing explanations and gives more insights into the formation process, leading to higher derived concentrations. Therefore, this paper improves our understanding of the processes in the high atmosphere.
Radiative and climate effects of stratospheric sulfur geoengineering using seasonally varying injection areas
Anton Laakso, Hannele Korhonen, Sami Romakkaniemi, and Harri Kokkola
Based on simulations, equatorial stratospheric sulfur injections have shown to be an efficient strategy to counteract ongoing global warming. However, equatorial injections would result in relatively larger cooling in low latitudes than in high latitudes. This together with greenhouse-gas-induced warming would lead to cooling in the Equator and warming in the high latitudes. Results of this study show that a more optimal cooling effect is achieved by varying the injection area seasonally.
Volcanic ash modeling with the online NMMB-MONARCH-ASH v1.0 model: model description, case simulation, and evaluation
Alejandro Marti, Arnau Folch, Oriol Jorba, and Zavisa Janjic
We describe and evaluate NMMB-MONARCH-ASH, a novel online multi-scale meteorological and transport model developed at the BSC-CNS capable of forecasting the dispersal and deposition of volcanic ash. The forecast skills of the model have been validated and they improve on those from traditional operational offline (decoupled) models. The results support the use of online coupled models to aid civil aviation and emergency management during a crisis such as the 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull.
Sulfate geoengineering: a review of the factors controlling the needed injection of sulfur dioxide
Daniele Visioni, Giovanni Pitari, and Valentina Aquila
This review paper summarizes the state-of-the-art knowledge of the direct and indirect side effects of sulfate geoengineering, that is, the injection of sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere in order to offset the warming caused by the anthropic increase in greenhouse gasses. An overview of the various effects and their uncertainties, using results from published scientific articles, may help fine-tune the best amount of sulfate to be injected in an eventual realization of the experiment.
Climatic impacts of stratospheric geoengineering with sulfate, black carbon and titania injection
Anthony C. Jones, James M. Haywood, and Andy Jones
In this paper we assess the potential climatic impacts of geoengineering with sulfate, black carbon and titania injection strategies. We find that black carbon injection results in severe stratospheric warming and precipitation impacts, and therefore black carbon is unsuitable for geoengineering purposes. As the injection rates and climatic impacts for titania are close to those for sulfate, there appears little benefit of using titania when compared to injection of sulfur dioxide.
Radiative and climate impacts of a large volcanic eruption during stratospheric sulfur geoengineering
A. Laakso, H. Kokkola, A.-I. Partanen, U. Niemeier, C. Timmreck, K. E. J. Lehtinen, H. Hakkarainen, and H. Korhonen
We have studied the impacts of a volcanic eruption during solar radiation management (SRM) using an aerosol-climate model ECHAM5-HAM-SALSA and an Earth system model MPI-ESM. A volcanic eruption during stratospheric sulfur geoengineering would lead to larger particles and smaller amount of new particles than if an volcano erupts in normal atmospheric conditions. Thus, volcanic eruption during SRM would lead to only a small additional cooling which would last for a significantly shorter period.
Climate extremes in multi-model simulations of stratospheric aerosol and marine cloud brightening climate engineering
V. N. Aswathy, O. Boucher, M. Quaas, U. Niemeier, H. Muri, J. Mülmenstädt, and J. Quaas
Simulations conducted in the GeoMIP and IMPLICC model intercomparison studies for climate engineering by stratospheric sulfate injection and marine cloud brightening via sea salt are analysed and compared to the reference scenario RCP4.5. The focus is on extremes in surface temperature and precipitation. It is found that the extreme changes mostly follow the mean changes and that extremes are also in general well mitigated, except for in polar regions.
What is the limit of climate engineering by stratospheric injection of SO2?
U. Niemeier and C. Timmreck
The injection of sulfur dioxide is considered as an option for solar radiation management. We have calculated the effects of SO2 injections up to 100 Tg(S)/y. Our calculations show that the forcing efficiency of the injection decays exponentially. This result implies that SO2 injections in the order of 6 times Mt. Pinatubo eruptions per year are required to keep temperatures constant at that anticipated for 2020, whilst maintaining business as usual emission conditions.
Quasi-biennial oscillation of the tropical stratospheric aerosol layer
R. Hommel, C. Timmreck, M. A. Giorgetta, and H. F. Graf
The impact of volcanic aerosol on the Northern Hemisphere stratospheric polar vortex: mechanisms and sensitivity to forcing structure
M. Toohey, K. Krüger, M. Bittner, C. Timmreck, and H. Schmidt
Earth system model simulations are used to investigate the impact of volcanic aerosol forcing on stratospheric dynamics, e.g. the Northern Hemisphere (NH) polar vortex. We find that mechanisms linking aerosol heating and high-latitude dynamics are not as direct as often assumed; high-latitude effects result from changes in stratospheric circulation and related vertical motions. The simulated responses also show evidence of being sensitive to the structure of the volcanic forcing used.
Modeling the stratospheric warming following the Mt. Pinatubo eruption: uncertainties in aerosol extinctions
F. Arfeuille, B. P. Luo, P. Heckendorn, D. Weisenstein, J. X. Sheng, E. Rozanov, M. Schraner, S. Brönnimann, L. W. Thomason, and T. Peter
Transport of aerosols into the UTLS and their impact on the Asian monsoon region as seen in a global model simulation
S. Fadnavis, K. Semeniuk, L. Pozzoli, M. G. Schultz, S. D. Ghude, S. Das, and R. Kakatkar
Could aerosol emissions be used for regional heat wave mitigation?
D. N. Bernstein, J. D. Neelin, Q. B. Li, and D. Chen
The influence of eruption season on the global aerosol evolution and radiative impact of tropical volcanic eruptions
M. Toohey, K. Krüger, U. Niemeier, and C. Timmreck
Initial fate of fine ash and sulfur from large volcanic eruptions
U. Niemeier, C. Timmreck, H.-F. Graf, S. Kinne, S. Rast, and S. Self
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 9043–9057, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9043-2009,https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9043-2009, 2009
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Jan 1 President Sukarno swings a hoe at a ground-breaking ceremony launching an eight-year development program to achieve "Indonesian socialism." He hopes that in eight years the income of Indonesians will have risen 11.6 percent.
Jan 3 President Eisenhower announces that a limit of endurance has been reached and has caused the US to sever relations with Cuba.
Jan 6 Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev speaks of a mighty upsurge of anti-imperialist, national-liberation revolutions and says that "Communists fully and unreservedly support such just wars."
Jan 8 A referendum in France results in seventy-five percent favoring the granting of independence to Algeria.
Jan 17 In his final State of the Union address, Eisenhower expresses concern over military spending and an arms race, warning of the increasing power of a military-industrial complex.
Jan 17 The Belgian Minister for African Affairs has ordered the Congo to send Prime Minister Lumumba, a prisoner, to Katanga Province. In Katanga Province, Lumumba is beaten and taken by convoy into "the bush," where he is killed by a firing squad commanded by a Belgian.
Jan 20 John F. Kennedy is inaugurated President of the United States.
Jan 23 A B-52 bomber breaks up in mid-air over North Carolina. Two hydrogen bombs, each 260 times more powerful than the Hiroshima atom bomb, fall to earth. According to a meticulous report in 2013 drawing from the Freedom of Information Act, trigger mechanisms engaged, and only one low-voltage switch prevented untold carnage and lethal carnage deposited over Washington, Baltimore, Philadelphia and as far north as New York city.
Jan 25 A military coup in El Salvador ousts the military junta that had been ruling for the past three months. The new junta accuses the old junta of "leftist excesses."
Feb 6 Kennedy's Secretary of State, Dean Rusk, announces that the US is ready to cooperate with other American states in ending tyranny in the Western Hemisphere whether that tyranny is of the Left or Right.
Feb 17 President Kennedy discusses with his advisors the invasion of Cuba planned during the Eisenhower administration. He considers claiming that the purpose of the invasion is to destroy fighter aircraft and rockets in Cuba because they are a danger to US security.
Mar 1 President Kennedy wants to counter notions of the "Ugly American" and so-called "Yankee imperialism." By executive order he creates the Peace Corps.
Mar 1 Britain is granting internal self-government to its colony in Uganda. Uganda's first elections are held.
Mar 3 Hassan II succeeds his father as King of Morocco. He proclaims his role as Commander of the Faithful and continues to rule Morocco as a theocracy.
Mar 4 Prime Minister Hendrik F. Verwoerd of South Africa says his government will not tolerate any effort by other members of the Commonwealth to force a change of his country's racial policies.
Mar 18 A ceasefire is established in Algeria.
Mar 20 During a Charter Day ceremony, Clark Kerr, President of the University of California, raises the issue of the speaker ban created by the university's conservative Board of Regents. He says, "The university is not engaged in making ideas safe for student. It is engaged in making students safe for ideas." The ban had excluded Henry Wallace from speaking at UCLA in 1947 and a British member of parliament, Harold Laski, als from speaking at UCLA. And in May this year Malcolm X will not be allowed to speak on the Berkeley campus on the grounds that he is a religious leader.
Apr 5 The Dutch are still in control over what had been called Dutch New Guinea – the western half of New Guinea. They have been preparing people there for full independence. A locally elected council takes office. The Dutch are looking forward to the continued presence of Dutch commercial interests there.
Apr 12 Yuri Gagarin of the Soviet Union becomes the first human in space.
Apr 13 An English-language radio broadcast in Moscow announces that an invasion of Cuba will happen within a week.
Apr 15 Pursuing what he calls a guided democracy, President Sukarno signs regulations permitting only eight political parties, one of which is Indonesia's Communist Party.
Apr 17 The invasion of Cuba begins. Cuban exiles are deployed in swamp land at the Bay of Pigs and they are easily surrounded. Secretary of State Dean Rusk announces that "there is not and will not be any intervention there by United States forces."
Apr 18 The CIA chief, Richard Bissell, tells President Kennedy that the invasion force is trapped and encircled. He asks Kennedy to send in US forces. Kennedy replies that he still wants "minimum visibility."
Apr 20 The CIA's belief that grateful Cubans would join the invaders against Castro has not happened. Castro announces the invasion's total defeat. Sixty-eight of the invasion force are dead and the remaining 1,209 are captured.
Apr 21 A Soviet army newspaper announces that the Soviet rocket that has put Yuri Gagarin into space could be used for military purposes.
Apr 22 In Algeria, French military officers begin a coup against France's government.
Apr 26 Conscript soldiers have responded to a radio broadcast by President de Gaulle and have refused to follow the coup leaders. The coup is a failure.
Apr 30 In the United States, exiles from the Dominican Republic announce their appeal to the US government for "effective help" against the dictatorship of Trujillo.
May 1-31 In the California State Legislature complaints are made about leftist professors and free speech at University of California at Berkeley. State Senator Hugh Burns announces imminent publication of his committee's report on Communist activity on the Berkeley campus. "Most kitchens have their cockroaches," Burns says, "and most universities have their Communists."
May 4 "Freedom Riders," blacks and whites, leave Washington DC for a bus tour of the South. The trip is organized by the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) for the purpose of testing the Supreme Court's decision on segregation of interstate transportation. In South Carolina, John Lewis (a future Congressman), and another rider are beaten, and another rider is arrested for using a white restroom. The event is widely broadcast across the nation.
May 5 The US sends its first astronaut, Alan Shepard, into space.
May 14 At Anniston, Alabama, the Ku Klux Klan has been given permission to attack the Freedom Riders without fear of arrest. The bus arrives and is attacked by an angry crowd, with no police around. The bus moves on to Birmingham. There riders are beaten severely while police stand by. The leader of CORE, James Farmer, ends the tour and has the riders flown to the original destination: New Orleans.
May 14 Howard K. Smith, veteran journalist from World War II days, witnessed the Klan beatings. A television documentary that follows will lead to Smith leaving CBS. The Head of CBS News, William Paley, will object to Smith's lack of objectivity. Smith will reply: "They [CBS] said it was against the rules to take sides on a controversial issue. I said, I wish you had told me that during World War II, when I took sides against Hitler."
May 16 In South Korea people are tired of political chaos. Many welcome a military coup led by Major General Park Chung-hee.
May 20 Some have decided to continue the "Freedom Rides." Attorney General Robert Kennedy has asked that Alabama state police protect the Freedom Riders. When the Freedom Riders enter Montgomery, Alabama, the police disappear. A crowd of about 300 attack the riders with baseball bats, pipes and sticks. One rider is covered with kerosene and set afire. Robert Kennedy sends federal marshals to the city.
May 21 In Montgomery, a crowd begins throwing stones through the windows of a church where Martin Luther King is to speak. Armed federal marshals with tear gas move against the crowd, joined by baton wielding local police. In his speech, King calls for a massive campaign to end segregation in Alabama.
May 23 Alabama's Governor John Patterson blames the violence against Freedom Riders on the Freedom Riders. He accuses them of intenteding "to inflame local people" and "to provoke violent reactions."
May 23 The US State Department accuses the Trujillo regime of persecuting Roman Catholic officials.
May 25 The Kennedy administration, wanting a "cooling-off period," has asked civil rights leaders for a moratorium on Freedom Rides. The Freedom Rides continue, into Mississippi. Attorney General Kennedy has won an agreement from the Governor of Mississippi that the Freedom Riders will not be beaten – merely arrested.
May 25 President Kennedy tells his fellow Americans that he aims to have the US be the first to put a man on the moon.
May 29 The Kennedy administration announces that it has directed the Interstate Commerce Commission to ban segregation in all facilities under its jurisdiction. "Freedom Rides" are spreading to train stations and airports across the South. Students from across the US are buying bus tickets to the South and crowding Mississippi's jails.
May 30 In the Dominican Republic, after thirty-one years in power, on a lonely road to meet one of his mistresses, the dictator Trujillo is killed by officers of his private army.
May 31 South Africa leaves the Commonwealth of Nations, becoming completely independent.
Jun 1 In the Dominican Republic, nominal power resides with the vice president, Joaquín Balaguer. Real power is with the military. The search for the assassins of Trujillo is underway.
Jun 3 Spain's dictator, Francisco Franco, condemns the capitalism and the "liberalism" of other Western nations. He calls Spain's style of rule the "wave of the future."
Jun 4 In Vienna, President Kennedy meets with Khrushchev. Khrushchev concludes that Kennedy will be unwilling to negotiate meaningful concessions in the arms race. Khrushchev is concerned with the US having more nuclear missiles than the Soviet Union and that some US missiles are based in Turkey, near the Soviet Union's border.
Jun 13 The Soviet Union supports Sukarno's claim that Dutch New Guinea is a part of Indonesia.
Jun 17 Rudolf Nureyev, in France with the Kirov Ballet, requests asylum.
Jun 19 Kuwait gains independence from Britain.
Jun 26 President Kennedy arrives in Berlin and makes his "ich bin ein Berliner" speech. He says "And there are some who say in Europe and elsewhere we can work with the Communists. Let them come to Berlin."
Jun 27 Iraq's ruler, Kassem, believes that Kuwait belongs to Iraq. Kuwait has requested protection from Britain, and Britain sends troops.
Jul 2 President Kennedy's favorite author, Ernest Hemingway, has recently received electroshock treatment that he believes has damaged his memory. At 61 and suffering ill-health, he commits suicide.
Jul 4 President Kennedy responds to a letter from Khrushchev: "I wish to thank you personally and on behalf of the American people for your greetings on the occasion of the 185th Anniversary of the Independence of the United States ... I am confident that given a sincere desire to achieve a peaceful settlement of the issues which still disturb the world's tranquility we can, in our time, reach that peaceful goal which all peoples so ardently desire."
Jul 8 Premier Khrushchev announces that he has ordered the suspension of projected reductions in the Soviet armed forces. It is to be said that he is challenged by the charge from within governing circles that he is too weak regarding threats from the capitalist West.
Jul 10 East Germany announces that after it signs a peace treaty with the Soviet Union it will assume full control over Allied land and air access to Berlin.
Jul 12 West Germany's chancellor, Konrad Adenauer, proclaims Western rights regarding access to Berlin.
Jul 26 President Kennedy requests an increase in military spending. The Soviet Union accuses Kennedy of exploiting the Berlin dispute as a pretext for accelerating the arms race.
Jul 27 Governor Nelson Rockefeller of New York, a leading Republican, calls for public support of President Kennedy's military build-up. He says that Americans must "refuse to be bluffed, bullied or blackmailed."
Aug 1 In the past 24 hours, 1,322 have fled into West Berlin.
Aug 2 East German police confiscate identity cards from among the 50,000 residents of East Berlin who cross into West Berlin each day to work.
Aug 7 Khrushchev warns that Soviet divisions might mass on West Europe's frontiers as a defense measure. He calls for an international conference on Berlin.
Aug 13 East Germany begins constructing the Berlin Wall. Soldiers stand in front of the construction, on East German territory, with orders to shoot anyone who attempts to defect.
Aug 15 The United States, Britain and France formally protest against the closing of the border between East and West Berlin.
Aug 16 The Soviet Union warns Japan that the presence of United States military bases there makes it subject to an attack should war occur.
Aug 19 The East Germany newspaper, Leipziger Volkszeitung, claims that people criticizing the closing of the border were being "brought to reason by the hard fists of the workers."
Aug 21 In Kenya, the British release Jomo Kenyatta from prison.
Aug 24 In the US Congress it is said that Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru's support for the Soviet stand regarding Berlin has damaged relations between the US and India.
Aug 24 The Kennedy administration issues a "solemn warning" that interference with Allied access to West Berlin will be considered "an aggressive act" for which the Soviet government will bear full responsibility.
Sep 1 Turkey's former prime minister, Menderes, is hanged publicly.
Sep 5 In Ghana, opposition to President Kwame Nkrumah erupts into strikes and demonstrations. Nkrumah orders strike leaders and opposition politicians arrested.
Sep 12 According to information received from physicians who work in East Berlin hospitals, the suicide rate has risen sharply.
Sep 12 In the Dominican Republic, tanks line streets following a day of disorders.
Sep 28 In Syria, nationalization of industries has enhanced opposition to Nasser's United Arab Republic. The military seizes power and proclaims Syria's independence. Egypt keeps the UAR name and Nasser chooses not to resist the break.
Oct 11 In Vietnam, Viet Cong attacks have increased, and Diem's regime wants military aid but not US combat troops. In Washington D.C. the National Security Council (NSC) meets. An estimate by the Joint Chiefs of Staff is presented, claiming that 40,000 US troops would be required to "clean up the Viet Cong threat" and another 128,000 men would be needed to oppose North Vietnam's intervention. Secretary of Defense McNamara says that "it is really now or never if we are to arrest the gains being made by the Viet Cong."
Oct 12 Khrushchev calls for the disengagement of armed forces in Central Europe and a ban on supplying nuclear weapons to either East and West Germany.
Oct 17 In Paris, police attack a demonstration against a curfew that applies only to Muslims. The official death toll is 3. Human rights groups claim 240 dead.
Oct 19 British protection of Kuwait passes to the Arab League (headquartered in Egypt). British troops leave.
Oct 20 The Dominican police use semi-automatic rifles, water hoses and tear gas against demonstrators.
Oct 27 Mongolia and Mauritania join the United Nations.
Oct 31 The 22nd Congress of the Soviet Union's Communist Party ends. Chairman Khrushchev has announced his plan to move the country to a communist society within twenty years and to surpass the United States in per capita production.
Nov 1 In the United States, the federal order by the Interstate Commerce Commission banning segregation at all interstate public facilities officially comes into effect. Desegregationists decide to test the train terminal in Albany, Georgia.
Nov 1 Kennedy has sent an advisor, retired General Maxwell Taylor, to Vietnam. Taylor concludes that "If Vietnam goes, it will be exceedingly difficult to hold Southeast Asia," His "eyes only" report to Kennedy is that Communist guerrillas are ""well on the way to success in Vietnam." He recommends more US support for Diem's regime. Appendices to the Taylor Report, written by others, speak of Diem's troops, the ARVN, lacking aggressiveness and that it would be a mistake for the US to make an irrevocable commitment to defeat the Communists in South Vietnam. It claims that foreign (US) troops cannot win battles at the village level, where the war must be fought, and that primary responsibility for saving Vietnam is with the Saigon regime.
Nov 2 The US Secretary of Defense, Robert McNamara, has relieved General Edwin Walker of his duties in Germany. Walker resigns from the army. He was accused of having distributed John Birch Society literature and of having described Harry Truman, Eleanor Roosevelt and Dean Acheson as "definitely pink."
Nov 2 China warns the United States against sending troops to Vietnam.
Nov 7 Albania's Communist leader, Enver Hoxha, celebrates the 44th anniversary of the Bolshevik Revolution. He praises international solidarity but attacks "Soviet leaders" for considering Albanian Communists "anti-Marxist," "dogmatist," and "sectarian." He describes the soviet leaders and the Yugoslavs as "revisionists."
Nov 11 A McNamara-Rusk memorandum to the US Ambassador to Vietnam, Frederick E. Nolting, mentions an increase in US military involvement and instructs Nolting to tell President Diem that "We would expect to share in the decision-making process in the political, economic and military fields as they affect the security situation."
Nov 15 Two of Trujillo's sons return to the Dominican Republic and attempt to seize power.
Nov 19 US Secretary of State Rusk warns that the United States is considering "further measures" to make sure the Trujillo family does not "reassert dictatorial domination." US warships with 4000 Marines appear off the coast of the Dominican Republic. A jet fighter flies overhead. Members of the Trujillo family flee the country, to live thereafter on savings from Swiss banks.
Dec 2 Fidel Castro declares that he is a Marxist-Leninist and that Cuba will adopt Communism.
Dec 9 Tanganyika becomes independent of Britain and a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.
Dec 10 The Soviet Union severs diplomatic relations with Albania.
Dec 11 Two US helicopter companies (33 H-2IC helicopters and 400 men) arrive in Vietnam to strengthen Saigon's faltering military efforts, giving Saigon an advantage in airpower and transport.
Dec 16 In Albany, Georgia, a movement to desegregate the city has resulted in the arrest of hundreds, including Martin Luther King, accused of parading without a permit, disturbing the peace, and obstructing the sidewalk. Albany's sheriff, Pritchard, has ordered his officers to be as non-violent as possible and to prevent brutality. His strategy is to avoid federal intervention, and it works. People have been denied their constitutional rights of free speech and assembly, but there will be no federal intervention. Albany holds out against the slightest accommodation with desegregation.
Dec 17 Nehru's patience with Portugal has run out. He sends Indian troops into Goa to end its status as a Portuguese colony.


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About Sickle Cell Disease
Causes of Sickle Cell Disease
Inheritance of Sickle Cell Disease
Symptoms of Sickle Cell Disease
Vaso-Occlusive Crisis
Diagnosis of Sickle Cell Disease
Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound Screening
Prognosis of Sickle Cell Disease
Living with Sickle Cell Disease
Sickle Cell Care Plan
Sickle Cell Disease and Fatigue
Sickle Cell Disease and Pregnancy
Sickle Cell Disease and Schooling
Sickle Cell Disease and the Eyes
Sickle Cell Disease and Sleep
Pain Management Guidelines for Sickle Cell Disease
Sickle Cell Disease in Children
Approved Treatments
Adakveo (Crizanlizumab)
Endari
Oxbryta (Voxelotor)
Opioid Narcotics
Levorphanol
Experimental Anti-inflammatories
ACZ885 (Canakinumab)
NKTT120
Medicines to Improve Blood Flow
Olinciguat (IW-1701)
Riociguat
ARU-1801
Rivipansel (GMI-1070)
Her Sickled Journey
Shaniqua's Sickle Chronicles
Top 10 Sickle Cell Disease Stories of 2020
Click here to subscribe to the Sickle Cell Anemia News newsletter!
Sickle Cell Disease News brought you daily coverage of key findings, treatment developments, clinical trials, and other important events related to sickle cell disease (SCD) throughout 2020, a year marked by the COVID-19 pandemic.
As a reminder of what mattered most to you in 2020, here are the top 10 most-read articles of last year with a brief description of what made them interesting and relevant to the SCD community.
We look forward to reporting more relevant news to patients, family members, and caregivers dealing with SCD during 2021.
No. 10 – "GBT Supports Sickle Cell Patients During COVID-19 Pandemic"
Global Blood Therapeutics (GBT), the developer of Oxbryta (voxelotor) — the first approved treatment targeting SCD's underlying cause — announced in March a series of proactive measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and support SCD patients.
To lower virus transmission and support public health efforts, the company decided to temporarily replace in-person visits to physicians, clinics, hospitals, and payers/insurers with digital communication and online education.
GBT also assured patients that it had enough Oxbryta supply to sustain patients' needs until 2021, and that its Oxbryta support program, called GBT Source, remained available to help with new enrollments and reimbursement, as well as to provide financial, co-pay, treatment adherence, and refill support.
No. 9 – "Hematology Society Releases Guidelines for Blood Transfusions in SCD"
That same month, we reported the release of new clinical guidelines from the American Society of Hematology for the use of blood transfusions in people with SCD.
Developed by an interdisciplinary panel of clinicians, researchers, and patient representatives, the recommendations provide guidance on the specific indications and administration modes for blood transfusions, as well as on the prevention and management of associated complications.
These include recommendations to perform extended blood type matching to prevent immune responses following a transfusion, and the use of immunosuppressive treatments in SCD patients who have, or are at risk of having, such responses.
The panel noted, however, that most of these guidelines were "conditional," as available evidence had a low or very low certainty degree, and that they may be associated with an increased financial burden and healthcare resource use.
No. 8 – "Smartphone App May Help Assess Anemia Using Eyelid Pictures"
Researchers at Purdue University, in Indiana, are developing a smartphone app that can measure hemoglobin levels, with a high level of accuracy, by analyzing images of a person's inner eyelid. Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen and that is defective in SCD patients.
Since the inner eyelid is rich in small blood vessels and lacks skin pigmentation, evaluating its redness provides a quick way to assess whether a person may have anemia. The app's already tested software relies on an algorithm that estimates hemoglobin levels based on the way it absorbs visible light.
While the future app won't replace a conventional blood test, it may provide a near-accurate hemoglobin count in real-time and in a non-invasive way, allowing better disease control in people with SCD and other blood disorders. These advantages may be even more relevant in developing countries without adequate laboratory infrastructures.
No. 7 – "Sickle Cell Association Issues COVID-19 Guidelines for US Reopening"
An advisory committee of the Sickle Cell Disease Association of America issued a list of recommendations for SCD patients during the country's reopening, which officially started on May 1.
These were based on the U.S. Coronavirus Taskforce's guidelines for those deemed "vulnerable" to COVID-19 infection, which the committee believes includes SCD patients, and were meant to be followed until routine activities were deemed safe by state and local authorities.
The recommendations included remaining at home as much as possible, working remotely, and practicing social distancing. If working remotely was not possible, patients should be provided with masks, hand sanitizers, and strategies to ensure appropriate social distancing.
SCD patients were also recommended to continue their medications as prescribed by their doctors and to maintain communication with their healthcare providers through telemedicine or telephone consultations.
No. 6 – "Bluebird Bio Presents Data from LentiGlobin Gene Therapy Trial"
Interim results from the ongoing HGB-206 Phase 1/2 clinical trial (NCT02140554) showed that LentiGlobin, Bluebird Bio's investigational gene therapy, was generally safe and prevented serious vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs) and acute chest syndrome in adolescents and adults with severe SCD.
The data concerned 34 patients who were followed from three months to up to three years, including 25 who underwent an improved treatment protocol and remained without a need for regular blood transfusions after three months.
LentiGlobin uses a modified and harmless virus to deliver an improved, functional copy of HBB — the mutated gene in SCD — to a patient's red blood cell precursors. The approach promotes the production of an anti-sickling form of hemoglobin in red blood cells, preventing their destruction and other SCD complications.
BlueBird is still recruiting SCD patients, ages 2 to 50, for its U.S.-based, Phase 3 trial of LentiGlobin (NCT04293185); more information on contacts and locations can be found here.
No. 5 – "FDA Names Potential Gene Therapy for Sickle Cell an 'Orphan Drug,' Aruvant Announces"
In January, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted orphan drug status to Aruvant's gene therapy candidate ARU-1801 for the treatment of SCD. The therapy was designated a rare pediatric disease by the agency a few weeks earlier. These designations are meant to expedite ARU-1801's clinical development and review.
ARU-1801 is currently the only virus-based gene therapy that delivers a modified and optimized version of the fetal hemoglobin gene in clinical testing. Fetal hemoglobin is a form of hemoglobin produced during fetal development that is more effective at transporting oxygen than its adult counterpart.
The therapy is being assessed in a Phase 1/2 trial (NCT02186418) that may still be recruiting up to 10 adults with SCD, ages 18 to 45, at sites in the U.S., Canada and Jamaica. Contact and other information is available here.
No. 4 – "First SCD Patient Treated With CTX001 Remains VOCs-free After 9 Months, Trial Results Show"
Positive findings from the first patient with severe SCD given a single dose of CTX001, an experimental gene-editing therapy co-developed by CRISPR Therapeutics and Vertex Pharmaceuticals, were reported over the summer.
The therapy uses the CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing tool to modify patients' blood cell progenitors so that they produce high levels of fetal hemoglobin in red blood cells.
Nine-month data from the CLIMB-SCD-121 Phase 1/2 trial (NCT03745287) showed that CTX001 safely and effectively prevented VOCs and the need for blood transfusions in the first treated patient, a 33-year-old woman. It also increased her fetal hemoglobin levels and the number of fetal hemoglobin-containing red blood cells. This trial may still be enrolling at sites in the U.S., Europe and Canada; information is available here.
No. 3 – "Sickle Cell Patient Describes 'Rebirth' After Gene Therapy"
In January, Sickle Cell Disease News reported the story of 39-year-old Charles Hough, who said he had a "new chance at life" after receiving LentiGlobin.
He shared his story in a webinar, explaining how after overhearing a conversation about a SCD clinical trial at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, he entered the same trial in 2017 and received the gene therapy about 18 months later.
While the required single chemotherapy session (to ensure his body would not reject the modified cells) took a heavy toll on his mental and physical health, Hough is now living "a healthy, full life without any complications."
No. 2 – "Phase 1/2 Trial of Gene-editing Therapy for SCD Cleared by FDA"
In an April story, we reported FDA's clearance for the start of a Phase 1/2 clinical trial (NCT04443907) testing another experimental gene-editing therapy, known as OTQ923, in adults with severe SCD complications.
The study will, in fact, evaluate the safety and effectiveness of two gene-editing therapies — OTQ923 and HIX763 — discovered through a collaboration between Intellia Therapeutics and Novartis, which is sponsoring the trial.
Both therapies use the CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing tool to promote the production of fetal hemoglobin in blood precursor cells collected from a patient.
The three-part trial may still be recruiting up to 20 people, ages 2 to 40, with severe SCD complications at its single clinical site in Tennessee. Part A will include adults treated with OTQ923, part B includes adults treated with HIX763, and part C will involve children up to 17 years old, who will receive either OTQ923 or HIX763 depending on earlier trial results.
No. 1 – "World Sickle Cell Day Celebrates Patients, Raises Awareness"
Our most-read article of 2020 concerned our coverage of several campaigns and actions to raise awareness about SCD and funds to fight it on the World Sickle Cell Day, observed each June 19.
The U.K.-based Sickle Cell Society encouraged patients and supporters to wear red (the official SCD color), create fundraising events involving walks or runs, shave or dye their hair, teach an online class, and to share patient stories and fundraising activities with local media outlets.
Through a phone interview with Mapillar Dahn, the mother of three girls living with SCD, and Amatullah Tyler, her oldest daughter, we also reported the struggles of a family affected by SCD.
Inspired by her daughters, Dahn founded the MTS Sickle Cell Foundation — MTS stands for "My Three Sicklers" — to raise awareness, assist in education and research, and provide support for affected families. Funded by individuals and companies, including GBT, the foundation was also able to help more than 500 families affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.
At Sickle Cell Disease News we hope these stories and our reporting throughout 2021 help to better inform and improve the lives of everyone affected by SCD.
We wish all our readers a happy 2021.
Inês Martins PhD
Inês holds a PhD in Biomedical Sciences from the University of Lisbon, Portugal, where she specialized in blood vessel biology, blood stem cells, and cancer. Before that, she studied Cell and Molecular Biology at Universidade Nova de Lisboa and worked as a research fellow at Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias and Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência. Inês currently works as a Managing Science Editor, striving to deliver the latest scientific advances to patient communities in a clear and accurate manner.
Tagged ARU-1801, CTX001, fetal hemoglobin, HIX763, LentiGlobin, OTQ923, Top 10, World Sickle Cell Day.
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Sickle Cell Disease News
Sickle Cell Disease News is strictly a news and information website about the disease. It does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. This content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website.


The Durban Automotive Cluster's Localisation and Growth programme focuses on both the micro and macro-economic environment and seeks to address the shared challenges the local automotive industry faces in harnessing market share, increasing localisation, and attracting investment. The programme also supports the growth of the local automotive manufacturing sector in domestic and international markets through the effective use of investment interventions. The DAC is holding and executive training session in March that seeks to familiarise executives with four possible scenarios for South Africa, in order to support their long-term investment decision-making.
This session will be presented by Dr Frans Cronje, a renowned Scenario Planner and CEO of the South African Institute of Race Relations (SAIRR). Dr Cronje has presented SA's political and economic prospects to over 100 corporations, governmental departments, foreign governments and political parties.
In this session he will be delving into an analysis of the current growth, investment, employment, education and policy trends, to name a few, focused specifically on the implications for manufacturers. He will unfold four possible scenarios for South Africa's next decade which will prove particularly valuable for manufacturing firms with long investment horizons. The session will conclude with a discussion regarding markers that indicate which scenario is unfolding and the major social, economic, and political trends that evolve under the scenarios.
This session aims to reduce uncertainty as the scenarios give participants advance warning of future political and economic shifts and allow them to introduce responses that capitalise on positive future events and navigate effectively around negative ones.


Chance Hendricks, left, and Angel Kleffner stand together for a red carpet photo.
Anthony Crowder holds his daughters Anneliese, left, and Charlotte Crowder close during a Father-Daughter Dance hosted by the Miss Divine Destiny Pageant at Lincoln University's Jason Gym on Friday night.
Outgoing Jefferson City Chamber of Commerce Chairman Gregg Bexten spoke for the final time before turning the podium over to incoming chairman Dan Westhues.
Tanner Reinsch, aka "Nurse Helda Tantasia" works the crowd after making his entrance into the Grand Ballroom.
Families and friends hit the dance floor to the sounds of Five Turn Not during the 25th Annual Mid-Missouri Heart Ball.
Shae Marie Eickhoff, a longtime supporter of SLC, sings during the program with the students on stage.


Dragon Fist 3D is another marvelous, action-packed 3D fighting game, based on popular games like Street Fighter and Tekken. Pick your dragon fighter and send the incarnate combat machine out to beat up all opponents by performing awesome combo attacks and unique moves. You need to win all fights to get an 1v1 against the legendary master of the Dragon Fist.
PS: The game size is big, about 16mb, please give some time for it to load.


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Code enforcement complaints may be reported by completing a complaint online.
If you need additional assistance with the Complaint Form or have further questions, please contact the County Manager's Office at (775) 463-6531.
CODE ENFORCEMENT PHILOSOPHY
The County's policy is to achieve voluntary compliance with reported and discovered code violations. However, not all violations have the same degree of severity. As such, the County has established priority ranking and procedures. The intent is to allow the level of enforcement that best fits the type and circumstances of the code violation(s) within clear and objective criteria, consistent with the established priorities, and maximize available resources. It is the County's policy that code enforcement follows the priority ranking set forth:
The County has established the following priorities.
Violations that present an imminent threat to public health and safety or the environment;
Violations affecting storm drainage, wetlands and/or adjacent areas;
Public Health and Safety, Business License and Land Use code violations including failure to obtain required permits or failure to meet conditions and requirements or permits;
Multiple complaints received on the same property
Objectives and Goals
Educate and inform the public about County Codes and to gain voluntary compliance.
Protect the health, safety and welfare of property owners, residents, businesses and visitors.
Establish and maintain a proactive environment to help solve community issues and stay at the forefront of creative and effective code compliance and enforcement.
PROPOSED CODE ENFORCEMENT ORDINANCE
The Board of County Commissioners proposed this ordinance on 8/16/2018. A second public hearing will be held in September 2018
Check out the latest job opportunities.
View the latest version of the county code.
View important documents.
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Obwód Radomsko – jednostka terytorialna Związku Walki Zbrojnej, a następnie Armii Krajowej.

Operowała na terenie powiatu radomszczańskiego i nosiła kryptonimy "Heblarnia", "Rzeki", "Macierzanka" i "Andrzej".

Wraz z Obwodem Włoszczowa AK i Obwodem Częstochowa AK wchodził w skład Inspektoratu Częstochowskiego Okręgu Radom-Kielce ("Jodła").

Obsada personalna obwodu
Komendanci obwodu
 por. Antoni Węgrzyn "Ostroga" – do końca 1940 r. (przeniesiony do Obwodu Piotrków)
 rtm. Feliks Karpiński "Feliks" – od kwietnia 1940 do listopada 1941 r" przeniesiony na stanowisko inspektora w Piotrkowie Trybunalskim
 ppor. Wacław Ząbek "Krzysztof", "Bogusz" – od listopada 1941 do lipca 1942
 por. Jan Świeczka "Łukasz" – od sierpnia do lutego 1943
 kpt./mjr Franciszek Polkowski "Korsak", "Stefan" – od 27 lutego 1943 do 15 sierpnia 1944
 por. Franciszek Brzozowski "Adam" – od 15 sierpnia 1944 do 16 stycznia 1945
Szefem Kedywu w Obwodzie Radomsko był  por. Stanisław Sojczyński ps. "Zbigniew", "Warszyc" – dowódca Podobwodu Rzejowice.

Przypisy

Bibliografia
 Struktura Organizacyjna Armii Krajowej, Marek Ney-Krwawicz w: Mówią wieki nr 9/1986.

Radomsko
Wojsko Polskie w Radomsku


To get to the CMR, first select the link learning & teaching on the right-hand side of the University homepage (highlighted in yellow on the example screen).
Now select the link Course Materials Repository near the top of the page (again, highlighted in yellow on the example screen).
For this example, the Department of Government has been used.
For each course there are numerous options.
First, select the link course catalogue for the course description.
GV902-G-FY has been used for this example.
This course describes and critically assesses the competing theories of international relations. Importantly, this course is neither designed to be an introduction to the contemporary practice of international relations, nor a current affairs course. Its principle aim is to introduce and familiarize students with the rich variety of theoretical approaches that will allow students to better understand and explain international relations. In the first term the course explores the 'great debates' that have historically shaped the discipline of International Relations. Part I considers the early liberal and realist theories of international relations, while Part II analyses the methodological questions generated by these earlier approaches and which led to their modern neo-realist and neo-liberal equivalents. The third part of the course then explores the variety of critical and post-positivist theories that have flourished over the past decade and which have sought to challenge the disciplinary hegemony of realist and liberal approaches. In the Spring term, the course then turns toward considering partial theories of international relations. Part IV reviews the attempts to theorize poverty and justice in international relations, while the fifth part turns towards theories of war and security. The final part of the course considers the new global challenges posed to the nation-state by environmental concerns and globalisation.
Read this course description – or one that is more relevant to you for the purpose of this exercise.
During this second reading, highlight or make a note of key and recurring topics, themes, and, if appropriate, theories.
Put the course description aside for the moment, go back to the main CMR page (the course listing) and select the link from the CMR exam papers archive for past exam papers.
1.	Trace and assess the impact of the three so-called 'Great Debates' on the development of IR as a discipline.
2.	What is the place of 'morality' in international politics?
3.	What was the main (theoretical) challenge to Realism during the Cold War, and is it still relevant for analysing IR today?
4.	Critically examine Kenneth Waltz's theory of international politics.
5.	Define and evaluate the contribution of the 'English School' in the development of IR theory.
6.	Marxism may still be of interest in the study of world politics after the collapse of the "real, existing socialism". Do you agree? Explain your reasoning.
7.	Do regimes matter in world politics?
8.	Define the "neo-neo synthesis" and its impact on the evolution of IR theorising.
9.	Define and evaluate the contribution of 'Critical IR Theory' OR 'Social Constructivism' to the Discipline of International Relations?
10.	'Security is always for someone and for some purpose'. Discuss.
11.	What is a 'just war' in IR theory and practice?
Unless you are using examples from your own course, read the example to the right.
National sovereignty & humanitarian interventionism: irreconcilable?
Neo-liberalism c/c neo-realism ; neo-liberalism = neo-realism???
Make sure you are familiar with the main terms, looking up anything that you do not fully understand.
Collective security: utopian/realistic international security system?
private governance: rise of non-state actors.
This course aims to introduce students to the study of the relationship between media and cultural and social life. In particular the focus of the course will be on the technological transformations that have produced the current coexistence of mass media, postmodern media and a digital media culture-including digital and terrestrial television, the Internet, newspapers, land and mobile telephony, digital and analogue images and sounds and so on. The course will look at this system of communication through the work of theorists such as Walter Benjamin, Marshall McLuhan, Jean Baudrillard, Norbert Wiener, Paul Virilio, Brian Massumi, and Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari. These classic perspectives will be supplemented with case studies taken from film, music, photography, cinema and the Internet. Throughout the course, the emphasis will be on how technical media constitute not simply representations of the social world but also our very modes of perception. As such our relationship with the media also involves our relationship with the body, social understandings of reality and the culture of interpersonal communication.By the end of the course, students will be expected to be familiar with the main theoretical approaches to the study of media cultures. They will also be expected to be able to apply these different theoretical frameworks to specific case studies.
Format: Each session will include an introduction to the subject in question by staff; and a student presentation about the set reading . Some sessions will also include a close engagement with set readings by the major authors in the field. As part of a general orientation towards the analysis of contemporary media culture, the course might also include brief screenings or the use printed material as mini-case studies. There will be 10 lectures in total.
Go back to the course listings and select the first option under each course, Course Materials Location, which will give you the course outline and the aims and objectives.
different theoretical frameworks to specific case studies.
It should be apparent (implicitly, at the very least) what the course aims to develop in terms of skill and knowledge.
These need to be identified and highlighted.
Format: Each session will include an introduction to the subject in question by staff; and a student presentation about the set reading. Some sessions will also include a close engagement with setreadings by the major authorsin the field. As part of a general orientation towards the analysis of contemporary media culture, the course might also includebrief screeningsor the useprinted materialas mini-case studies. There will be 10 lectures in total.
Identify what types of evidence are considered appropriate and use the lists as a basis for gathering your own evidence.
In this essay, is it clear that I have… ?
Brought out the relationship between media and cultural and social life?
Recognised the significance of technological transformations (post-modern media and a digital media culture-including digital and terrestrial television, the Internet, newspapers, land and mobile telephony, digital and analogue images and sounds)?
Drawn on the work of theorists (e.g. Walter Benjamin, Marshall McLuhan, Jean Baudrillard, Norbert Wiener, Paul Virilio, Brian Massumi, Gilles Deleuze, Felix Guattari)?
Illustrated my points through use of case studies (taken from film, music, photography, cinema and the Internet)?
Shown how these constitute our very modes of perception?
And that our relationship with the media also involves our relationship with the body, social understandings of reality and the culture of interpersonal communication?
Demonstrated familiarity with the main theoretical approaches to the study of media cultures and applied these different theoretical frameworks to specific case studies?
Having done that, make an essay checklist that outlines all of the things you need to demonstrate in your exams.