text:
U.S. Hopes a Small Step in Easing a Mideast Rivalry Could Further Rattle Iran's Economy
The Trump administration wants Saudi Arabia to open its airspace to Qatari flights that are currently paying millions of dollars to route over Iran.
Discussions would reopen a flight path that the state airline, Qatar Airways, followed for years before it was cut off by Saudi Arabia.Credit…Karim Jaafar/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images
Dec. 2, 2020, 3:42 p.m. ET
WASHINGTON — In one of its final attempts at Middle East diplomacy, the Trump administration is pushing for an agreement that would ease a blockade against Qatar. But the mission may be more about delivering a last blow to Iran's economy before President Trump leaves office.
Meeting on Wednesday with Qatari leaders, Jared Kushner, a senior presidential adviser, and other White House officials raised the prospect of rerouting commercial flights from the Persian Gulf country through Saudi Arabia's airspace instead of over Iran, according to a diplomat with knowledge of the discussions.
That would reopen a flight path that the state airline, Qatar Airways, followed for years before it was cut off by the Saudi kingdom and at least three of its neighboring nations with an air, land and sea embargo against Qatar in 2017.
It would also starve Iran of what diplomats described as an estimated $100 million in annual fees that Qatar has paid to fly through its airspace — money that is nourishing Iran's battered economy and, according to officials, allows Tehran's leaders to more easily finance military programs that the Trump administration views as a threat.
Two U.S. officials also described a goal of Mr. Kushner's diplomatic foray this week — which included a stop in Saudi Arabia — as seeking an agreement on the overflights issue.
It was not clear if Saudi Arabia's closest ally in the region, the United Arab Emirates, would similarly open its airspace to Qatar. One diplomat noted that Mr. Kushner's delegation did not stop in the Emirates, signaling doubt that the country was ready for a step toward a reconciliation with Qatar.
The three-year dispute among the Arab states, which also pits Egypt and Bahrain against Qatar, is of significant concern to the United States — and not just because it is caught between regional allies on whom Americans rely for oil, military bases and, under Mr. Trump, better relations with Israel.
It has also fragmented the Trump administration's efforts to isolate Iran in the Middle East and the world beyond.
The embargo, which began in June 2017, sought to punish Qatar for what the four other Arab nations called its support for terrorism. The four have since created a list of demands for Qatar to meet before the embargo will be lifted, including shutting down the news network Al Jazeera and abandoning ties with Islamist organizations, particularly the Muslim Brotherhood.
In an interview in September, the Qatari ambassador to the United States described an open channel of communication between Qatar and Iran "to sit together and resolve the differences."
The ambassador, Sheikh Meshal bin Hamad al-Thani, noted concerns about Iran's nuclear and missile program. But, he said, "we think the best approach is to have a dialogue and negotiate with some agreement."
Just two weeks ago, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo also traveled to Qatar to make what one official called his own pitch for the overflights issue to the government in the capital, Doha.
In a meeting with Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al-Thani of Qatar, Mr. Pompeo "discussed the need for working together to confront threats to stability in the region, and the importance of overcoming divisions within the gulf to further counter Iran's malign influence," according to a State Department statement.
The White House declined to comment on Wednesday about Mr. Kushner's meetings in Saudi Arabia and Qatar. His traveling delegation included Brian Hook, the State Department's recently departed chief Iran envoy; Avi Berkowitz, a special representative for international negotiations; and Adam Boehler, the head of the International Development Finance Corporation.
Economic and low-level diplomatic relations between Iran and Qatar have been underway for years, and are among the grievances that the other Arab states have lodged against the oil-rich monarchy in Doha.
The Saudi ambassador to the United Nations, Abdallah al-Mouallimi, said in an interview on Tuesday that "there is no justification for a permanent break" with Qatar. But he repeated deep-seated suspicions about the government in Doha, in part over what he described as its support for extremists.
"There is no fate-changing or existential disagreement between us and Qatar," Mr. al-Mouallimi told RT Arabic. "We are one people and one country, and the Qatari brothers are an extension of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and the kingdom of Saudi Arabia is an extension of them."
For a while, it seemed that Mr. Trump would side against Qatar.
As recently as last year, he considered naming the Muslim Brotherhood a foreign terrorist organization; the Islamist movement has renounced violence but has links to some extremist groups. It also has some ties to Qatar's government, which is aligned with Islamist organizations that are modeled on the Brotherhood.
But given other American strategic priorities — including a U.S. military air base at Al Udeid, southwest of Doha, and Qatar's hosting of peace negotiations between the Afghan government and the Taliban — the Trump administration gradually decided to mediate a way to reunite Qatar with its regional detractors.
The more important fight, it seemed, was against Iran.
Since 2018, when Mr. Trump withdrew the United States from an accord to limit Iran's nuclear program, his administration has imposed punishing economic sanctions against Tehran and denied it an estimated $70 billion in oil revenues. That has contributed to what Mr. Pompeo described last month as a 25 percent cut in Iran's military budget last year.
Mr. Pompeo, who has taken the toughest line against Iran among Mr. Trump's advisers, has long insisted that Tehran's income goes not to benefit the Iranian people, but to fund its missile programs and proxy militias it is backing in Iraq, Syria, Lebanon and Yemen.
Easing pressure on Iran's economy — which the Qatari overflight fees have helped to do — would be what Mr. Pompeo called "a dangerous choice, bound to weaken new partnerships for peace in the region and strengthen only the Islamic Republic."
An agreement to reroute Qatar's airlines would give the Trump administration one last kick at Iran. In terms of brokering a way out of the blockade, however, it would amount to only a glancing blow at the festering impasse among the Arab states.
If Saudi Arabia allows Qatari flights through its airspace, that "would clearly be a win for Doha," said Barbara A. Leaf, a former U.S. ambassador to the U.A.E. and a fellow at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy.
But if that is all the administration can deliver on the blockade, it should not be considered a major diplomatic feat. In fact, Ms. Leaf said, it would be an ironic signal of just how divided the Arab states remain "on either the details or even the desirability of reconciling with Qatar."
Eric Schmitt contributed reporting from Washington, and Ben Hubbard from Beirut.
Source Link: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/02/world/middleeast/qatar-iran-saudi-arabia-kushner-overflights.html
Abbas Announces Palestinian Elections After Years of Paralysis
Sheldon Adelson, Billionaire Donor to G.O.P. and Israel, Is Dead at 87
Strong Views and 'Close to the Boss': How U.S. Envoy Reshaped a Conflict


text:
Le Montasio est un fromage à base de lait de vache, à pâte pressée non-cuite, typique de l'Italie nord-orientale,  produit principalement dans la région du Frioul-Vénétie Julienne, soumis à des procédures de production et d'affinage strictes, établies et supervisées par le consortium basé à Codroipo (province d'Udine).

Depuis le , la dénomination Montasio est protégée au niveau européen par une appellation d'origine protégée (AOP).

Histoire
Le Montasio prend son nom du massif du Montasch (en italien, Montasio), où le fromage est produit depuis 1200 et où s'étendent les hauts pâturages où historiquement se pratiquait l'alpage. Les premières techniques de production ont été affinées à l'abbaye de San Gallo di Moggio Udinese, tandis que la première preuve du nom remonte au décret du 22 août 1773, lorsque le conseil de la ville d'Udine impose aux commerçants la vente à prix fixe de certains produits, dont, apprend-on dans ce document, ce fromage pour lequel le prix de 19 soldi la livre est imposé.

Déjà en 1880, un mouvement coopératif de laiteries se forme pour en soutenir la production. Un décret du Ministère de l'agriculture et des forêts du 16 mars 1987 confie à l'Association des producteurs de Montasio les tâches de supervision, de contrôle et de commercialisation de sa production.

Le produit est obtenu selon des techniques traditionnelles qui dans le temps se sont consolidées en suivant l'évolution du secteur.

Aire de production
L'aire de production, établie par décret du président de la République italienne du 13 mars 1986, recouvre l'ensemble des provinces du Frioul-Vénétie Julienne et en Vénétie, la province de Trévise et la province de Belluno, la province de Venise jusqu'à Chioggia et la partie nord de la province de Padoue. Il est actuellement produit et affiné sur tout le territoire de la province d'Udine (17 membres producteurs), de la province de Pordenone (11), de la province de Gorizia (1), de la province de Belluno (1), de la provence de Trévise (10) et dans une partie de la province de Padoue (1) et de la province de Venise (2).

Caractéristiques
Les ingrédients sont du lait de vache qui doit respecter des limites en ce qui concerne la charge bactérienne, du sel et de la présure. Le vieillissement nécessite un minimum de .

Sa saveur est douce pour le frais et devient plus prononcée pour le stagionato.  Avec le temps, la croûte s'assombrit et devient plus sèche. Les cylindres ont un diamètre entre 30 et 35 cm et une hauteur minimale de 8 cm. La meule doit peser entre 6 et 8 kg.

Il existe quatre différents affinages pour le Montasio qui lui donnent une saveur, un aspect, une couleur et une consistance différents   :
 Fresco  (frais) :  d'une durée de deux mois
 Mezzano (demi-vieux) : cinq à dix  mois
 Stagionato (vieux) : à partir de dix mois
 Stravecchio (très vieux) : à partir de dix-huit mois

Apparence et goût
Il est doux, lacté, avec a une saveur délicate d'herbe fraîche quand il est jeune, la pâte est blanche, la croûte est blanche et molle ; à mesure que le vieillissement augmente, la saveur devient plus aromatique, douce et sapide, avec des notes d'umami, la croûte plus dure, la couleur plus jaune et la pâte molle devient friable et dure. C'est l'ingrédient principal de l'un des plats les plus caractéristiques de la cuisine frioulane, le frico, et il est généralement utilisé dans le Frioul dans le plat appelé polente et formadi.

Notes et références

Bibliographie

  Ministero Agricoltura e Foreste, DOC cheeses of Italy, Milano, Franco Angeli,
 .

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Cuisine frioulane

Liens externes
  Consortium de tutelle du fromage Montasio DOP.

Fromage italien
Fromage au lait de vache
Fromage bénéficiant d'une appellation d'origine protégée
Frioul-Vénétie Julienne
Appellation d'origine protégée en Italie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Global shipping, logistics and marine services provider, Gulf Agency Company Ltd. (GAC), based in Dubai, U.A.E, has announced an exclusive partnership between its bunker fuels trading arm GAC Bunker Fuels (GBFL) and ENOC Global Marine.
Under the agreement, GBFL has been appointed as ENOC's exclusive sales agent and distributor for marine lubricants in South Africa.
All logistics work and inventory management services will be handled by GAC Marine Logistics (GML), with GAC Dubai arranging lubricant freight from the UAE to the South African port of Durban.
The deal marks the first time GBFL has been appointed to provide sales and distribution for a lubricants manufacturer.
ENOC is an exceptionally strong brand in the Middle East, and their business ethics and values are very similar to GAC's," says Nicholas Browne, GAC's bunker fuels director.
"At ENOC, we aspire to build upon our successes by expanding our regional and international presence and are well aware of the potential that international markets present; particularly the African region and its contribution to the success of our operations," said Zaid Alqufaidi, managing director of ENOC Marketing.
Since its inception in 2015, ENOC Global Marine has built a strong presence across Africa, covering some of the continent's key ports in Egypt, Nigeria, Angola, Ghana, Kenya, Morocco and Mauritania.
The newly announced partnership with GAC Bunker Fuels will contribute to increasing the division's vessel delivery by 300,000 litres annually.


text:
/** For all income and general cash flow getters and calculators
*
* @todo Add checks for properties with messages for mistakes
* @todo Deal with expiration dates
*/

// LOGIC
import { sum, pick, values } from 'lodash';

// DATA
import {
  UNEARNED_INCOME_SOURCES,
  UNDER13_CARE_EXPENSES,
  OVER12_CARE_EXPENSES,
} from '../data/massachusetts/name-cores';

// ==================================
// DEDUCTIONS
// ==================================
/**
 * Total MONTHLY dependent costs, including for those under and over
 *     the age of 13 (does not include child support paid out).
 *     Dependent = child or disabled adult
 *
 * @function
 * @param {object} client - `current` or `future` property of client data
 *
 * @returns {number} - Total dependent care expenses
 */
const getDependentCostsMonthly = function (client) {
  var props = UNDER13_CARE_EXPENSES.concat(OVER12_CARE_EXPENSES);
  return sumProps(client, props);
};  // End getDependentCostsMonthly()

// ==================================
// STRAIGHT UP INCOME
// ==================================

/**
 * Gets sum of all unearned monthly income of given client.
 *
 * @function
 * @param {object} client - `current` or `future` property of client data
 *
 * @returns {number}
 */
const getGrossUnearnedIncomeMonthly = function (client) {
  return sumProps(client, UNEARNED_INCOME_SOURCES);
};  // End getGrossUnearnedIncomeMonthly()

/**
 * Total monthly earned and unearned income with no deductions or
 *     exclusions.
 *
 * @function
 * @param {object} client - `current` or `future` property of client data
 *
 * @returns {number} - Total earned and unearned monthly
 *     income with no deductions or exclusions.
 */
const getSimpleGrossIncomeMonthly = function (client) {
  var earned    = client.earned,
      unearned  = getGrossUnearnedIncomeMonthly(client);
  return earned + unearned;
};  // End getSimpleGrossIncomeMonthly()

// ==================================
// INCOME HELPERS
// ==================================

/**
 * Returns the sum of the requested properties of of a given object
 *
 * @function
 * @param {object} obj - Has the properties named in `props` with number values.
 * @param {array} props - The names of some properties in `obj` with number values.
 *
 * @returns {number}
 */
const sumProps = function (obj, props) {
  return sum(values(pick(obj, props)));
};  // End sumProps()

export {
  getDependentCostsMonthly,
  getSimpleGrossIncomeMonthly,
  getGrossUnearnedIncomeMonthly,
  sumProps,
};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Beat It is a hit single from Michael Jackson's 1982 album Thriller. Beat It won Jackson two Grammy Awards for Record of the Year and Best Male Rock Vocal Performance. It was also nominated for Song of the Year along with Jackson's Billie Jean. The song was ranked #337 on Rolling Stone Magazine's list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.


ILFC Ten 35 Combustion Catalyst is a burn-rate modifier and lubricant in one. This unique fuel oil treatment package contains oil-soluble organometallic compounds. It is designed to be completely soluble in fuel oils and can be added directly to fuels in storage.
ILFC Ten 35 Combustion Catalyst provides you with greater fuel efficiency. In comparative tests, the additive decreased combustible carbon residue 60 to 90 percent. These results are evidence of more complete combustion. Also, the resulting lower carbon residue indicates more BTUs (power) per pound of fuel were burned. Thus the effect of ILFC Ten 35 Combustion Catalyst burn-rate modifier is twofold. More complete combustion produces more useful energy while reducing soot and smoke.
Combustion Catalyst includes a proprietary formula to stabilize fuel in storage. Fuel oil begins to repolymerize as soon as it is refined. Polymerization forms submicronic particles. As the process continues, particles become larger and agglomerate, forming macroscopic sludge that plugs filters and atomizers and eventually renders the fuel unpumpable.
ILFC Ten 35 Combustion Catalyst disperses existing macroscopic sludge, retards further polymerization and permits fuel to be stored indefinitely. Other ingredients include a corrosion inhibitor to retard internal tank corrosion; and a detergent to help keep lines, filters and atomizers clean.
Combustion Catalysts - Improves combustion efficiency.
Polymerization Retardant - Keeps diesel fuel pumpable and combustible.
Dispersant - Eliminates filter plugging and injector scoring.
Corrosion Inhibitor - Retards internal corrosion and fouling of fuel tanks.
Reduces fuel consumption while increasing HP.
ILFC Ten 35 Combustion Catalyst is formulated to be completely soluble in fuels and is designed to be added directly to fuels in storage at a rate of 1 gallon per 10,000 gallons of distillate fuel or as necessary based on scientific testing.


Home › Why Bamboo/Hemp Fabric to diffuse ?
Why Bamboo/Hemp Fabric to diffuse ?
With Aromatherapy Jewellery Australia you can breathe easy knowing our Bamboo/Hemp fabric is certified 100% organic, and is actually beneficial to our environment unlike other fabrics like cotton, leather and nylon which most of the cheaper aroma jewellery companies use to diffuse the essential oils in their jewellery. Nylon is made from petroleum and is often given a permanent chemical finish that can be harmful.
Why do we use Organic Bamboo/ Hemp Fabric to diffuse?
It is antibacterial - naturally! Bamboo carries a natural and unique agent called "bamboo kun" which is a shield against pathogens. Research shows organic bamboo fabric to have a 99.8% antibacterial kill rate.
It is always hypoallergenic - naturally! No need for harsh chemicals of any sort.
It is biodegradable - it can be composted and disposed of in an environmentally friendly way. It causes NO POLLUTION TO THE ENVIRONMENT.
It never requires harsh pesticides and fertilizers in order to grow strong.
It is drought tolerant - unlike other plants, bamboo does not need massive amounts of water to stay strong. This assists with water preservation.
It helps slow down deforestation - Bamboo has amazing growth properties- (they are the FASTEST growing wooded plants in the WORLD) allowing growth of 3+ feet in one day alone. Once bamboo is harvested, it begins to grow again immediately. It is a highly renewable resource.
Because of it's fast growth properties it helps preserve soil - Unlike cotton, which must be replanted yearly, bamboo has an extensive root system, which means it never has to be up-rooted - preventing soil erosion.
It's washable - Say goodbye to throwing out your old diffuser pads. With bamboo you can hand wash and allow to dry naturally!
It's more absorbent - bamboo in the wild can contain up to 3 times its weight in water! This property carries on to it in fabric form. Diffuse in style even LONGER now!
AND IT's CRUELTY FREE. No Animals needed to diffuse!


From consumer and trade health awareness campaigns, to consumer product PR and pharmaceutical communications, Crotty Communications will prescribe the correct campaign for your brand or organisation.
Our approach to healthcare PR is to look at the most effective mediums to educate and inform via targeted public relations campaigns. Researching key markets provides invaluable insight into the best ways of communicating with the correct consumer or corporate market. From targeting families and individuals to health professionals and the trade we will work with you in creating a strategy using both traditional public relations and online channels.
Our health public relations clients have included; pharmaceutical companies, independent healthcare brands, nursing home groups, high profile nutritional programmes, multi-vitamin and supplements, sports equipment and specialist dietary products.
For more information on our healthcare PR services in Ireland, please contact us.


Cockeyed Caravan: The Hero Project #23: Why Do They Fail?
If you want to write a big, exciting story, then you need a big, exciting problem. Your hero isn't just in a bad situation, he's in a bad situation from hell. The villain has all the cards! Our beleaguered hero seems to be at his lowest point, but at the last possible moment: victory! Why? What changes? So many times in movies, the villain's plan falls apart without a good reason.
If your story has a villain who is clearly improvising, then we might forgive them if their plan has some holes. But if your story is about a villain who has spent weeks (or longer) laying a trap for your hero, then we are going to hold them to a higher standard. And if your villain describes their entire plan to the hero, then it should really be foolproof. There has to be a good reason for them to confess everything and we have to understand why they thought that this wouldn't mess up their plan.
In Collateral, hit man Tom Cruise gets driven around by cab driver Jamie Foxx. When one of Cruise's victims falls out a window onto Foxx's hood, Cruise has to try to win Foxx over to the dark side. I'll cut this one some slack because Cruise is clearly improvising. Still, why did he think that Foxx would go along with it? And shouldn't he have figured out that you don't want to threaten a guy and then leave him sitting in his cab to think it over?
Training Day is a far more ludicrous example. Bad cop Denzel Washington spends the first half of the movie trying to corrupt a rookie played by Ethan Hawke. Hawke doesn't go for it. Then Washington reveals his real plan: he wants to frame Hawke for all of his crimes. Okay… why tell him that? It makes for a big dramatic "raise the stakes" scene, sure, but it hardly helps him with his plan. And why is he surprised that Hawke fights back? Wouldn't anyone? Maybe if Hawke had had a history of corruption himself, and today was the one day he unexpectedly decided to be a good cop… but no. This is a classic example of a plot twist that gives the hero more conflict and more motivation in the short run, but ultimately makes both the villain and the hero look weak.
Both movies lack that "this was the wrong person to pick on" moment. The hero just muddles through. It's no accident that they both attracted a big-money star to play the villain and a smaller star to play the hero. The villain gets to run rings around the hero until the very end.
Nevertheless, both of those movies were nominated for Oscars, so what do I know? Here's a movie that wasn't nominated for an Oscar: the Steven Seagal vehicle Under Siege. Nevertheless this one makes a lot more sense. Tommy Lee Jones has planned his villainy down to the last detail, because he wants to highjack a battleship filled with Navy SEALs! That's a big goal! Unlike Cruise and Washington, Jones has done his homework and thought of everything. He successfully disarms all the SEALs and locks them up. But there's one thing he hasn't counted on: the cook has a secret history. He used to be the toughest commando of them all before he got busted down to the kitchen. It's understandable why Jones didn't think of that. It's his bad luck that he ended up a hero who happened to be the wrong person to pick on.


because each and every one matters.
There is more than one way to give.
Everyone is a global giving campaign with one focus: combined generosity.
Through this initiative we want to reach out and help, bless, build into, and enhance the one who is in need, whether that be here at home or in a developing nation. We want to give lavishly without limitation, boundary, or border to the poor, orphaned, widowed, and disenfranchised.
We plan to direct these resources into the projects and initiatives we are directly involved with through The Point Network as well as support others we partner with through the Authentic Church Network.
Together through Everyone, our reach can be further, our impact can be larger, and the change can be more significant. The great part about this is everyone can get involved with Everyone.
Religion that God our Father accepts as pure and faultless is this: to look after orphans and widows in their distress.


text:
Q: How to sort a dictionary in Python? I would like to generate a report where my first column would contain the duration of my SQL queries. That should be sorted by highest duration to the lowest one.
Code:
import os

directory = "./"
results = {}

def isfloat(value):
  try:
    float(value)
    return True
  except ValueError:
    pass

for root,dirs,files in os.walk(directory):
    for file in files:
       if file.endswith(".csv"):
           input_file=open(file, 'r')
           for line in input_file:
                if line:
                    try:
                        duration=line.split(',')[13].split(' ')[1]
                        if isfloat(duration): # check if string is a float
                            results[duration]=line
                    except:
                        pass

output_file = open('report.csv', 'w')
for k,v in sorted(results.items()):
    print k
    output_file.write(k + ',' + v)
output_file.close()

output:
1266.114
1304.450
1360.771
1376.104
1514.518
500.105
519.432
522.594
522.835
528.622
529.664

I wonder why is the sorted() function sorting function is messing my results ?

A: Your keys are strings, not numbers. They are sorted lexicographically.
Convert to a number first if you want numeric sorting:
for k,v in sorted(results.items(), key=lambda k_v: float(k_v[0])):

A: You can actually convert the strings to floats:
if isfloat(duration): # check if string is a float
    results[float(duration)] = line

or:
try:
    results[float(duration)] = line
except ValueError:
    pass

So you don't need your isfloat() function here.
This should give you properly sorted output.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Le pont des Arts, ou passerelle des Arts, est un pont traversant la Seine au centre de Paris.

Situation et accès
Il relie les quais Malaquais et Conti au niveau de l'Institut de France, dans le , aux quais François-Mitterrand et du Louvre au niveau de la cour carrée du palais du Louvre (qui s'appelait « palais des Arts » sous le Premier Empire), dans le  de Paris.

Le pont des Arts est inscrit au titre des monuments historiques depuis le .

Ce site est desservi par la station de métro Louvre - Rivoli.

Origine du nom
Son nom lui vient du palais du Louvre, qui portait le titre de « palais des Arts ».

Historique

La passerelle de 1804
Entre 1801 et 1804, une passerelle de neuf arches en fonte réservée aux piétons est construite à l'emplacement de l'actuel pont des Arts : c'est le premier pont métallique de Paris. Cette innovation est due au Premier consul Napoléon Bonaparte, suivant une réalisation du directeur des Ponts de Paris : Jean-Baptiste Launay, fondeur. Les ingénieurs Louis-Alexandre de Cessart et Jacques Vincent de Lacroix Dillon conçoivent cette passerelle pour qu'elle ressemble à un jardin suspendu, avec des arbustes, des bacs de fleurs et des bancs.

 Vues historiques de la  passerelle

Le pont modifié de 1852
En 1852, à la suite de l'élargissement du quai de Conti, les deux arches de la rive gauche deviennent une seule arche.

Le pont était soumis à un droit de péage. Ainsi, dans le roman La Rabouilleuse d'Honoré de Balzac, Philippe Bridau .

 Vues historiques du pont après 1852

En 1902, l'architecte Eugène Hénard propose de le remplacer par un pont en X, deux ponts qui se croiseraient en leur milieu au centre de la Seine.

Le 12 avril 1943, le corps du général Mordacq fut retrouvé en dessous du Pont des Arts. Le lendemain, la radio allemande annonce son suicide, annonce reprise par les autres journaux. Cependant l'autopsie ainsi que le rapport de police sont censurés.

En 1976, l'inspecteur général des Ponts et Chaussées rapporte la fragilité de l'ouvrage, principalement due aux bombardements des Première et Seconde Guerres mondiales et à plusieurs collisions de bateaux en 1961 et 1970.

Le pont est fermé à la circulation en 1977 et s'effondre effectivement sur  en 1979 lors d'un dernier choc avec une barge. Le pont est démonté en 1980 ; environ la moitié du pont  est récupérée par la ville de Nogent-sur-Marne. Après dix ans de stockage, la passerelle est remontée en bord de Marne, près du port de plaisance, où l'on peut la parcourir aujourd'hui. Son inauguration en 1992 est présidée par Jacques Chirac.

Le pont de 1984
Le pont actuel a été reconstruit entre 1981 et 1984 « à l'identique » selon les plans de Louis Arretche, qui a diminué le nombre des arches (sept au lieu de neuf), ce qui permet leur alignement sur celles du pont Neuf, tout en reprenant l'aspect de l'ancienne passerelle. La passerelle a été inaugurée par Jacques Chirac  le .

À la fin des années 1990, un projet de construction de passerelle piétonnière franchissant le Kamo-gawa à Kyoto, au Japon, a été développé en prenant comme modèle le pont des Arts ; il ne fut néanmoins pas mené à son terme devant l'opposition de la population.

Les cadenas d'amour (2008-2015)

À partir de 2008, les parapets grillagés du pont des Arts deviennent le support de nombreux « cadenas d'amour » accrochés par des couples. Cette pratique, s'étend ensuite à la passerelle Léopold-Sédar-Senghor, au pont de l'Archevêché ainsi qu'à la passerelle Simone-de-Beauvoir.

Devant la polémique sur la dégradation du patrimoine engendrée par la présence de ces tonnes de cadenas qui, d'après certains, alourdiraient le pont et pourraient provoquer son effondrement, et sur leur aspect jugé particulièrement inesthétique par d'autres, la mairie de Paris décide d'y mettre fin en septembre 2014. Ainsi, les grillages sont définitivement retirés le  juin 2015 et sont d'abord remplacés par une exposition temporaire d'œuvres de street art de Jace, eL Seed, Pantonio et Brusk, puis par des panneaux en verre à partir de l'automne 2015.

Le pont et les arts

Littérature
 Dans La Marche à l'étoile, roman publié en 1943, Vercors raconte la vie de Thomas Muritz, jeune Hongrois nourri de culture française, qui traverse l'Europe vers la France, qui est pour lui cette terre de justice et de liberté. Plus précisément, l'objectif du héros est de rejoindre le fameux, l'unique pont des Arts, merveille parisienne. Arrivé, après un mois de périple dans un continent tourmenté par la guerre, devant le pont, il s'enflamme pour .
 C'est sur le pont des Arts que Jean-Baptiste Clamence, le personnage principal et le narrateur du récit La Chute d'Albert Camus, entend un rire dont il n'identifie pas immédiatement la provenance mais qui aboutit à la nécessité pour lui de changer complètement de vie.

Le jour précis du centenaire de la naissance de Vercors, le 26 février 2002, une plaque commémorative a été apposée, quai de Conti, sur un des murets, celui de gauche, bordant la volée de marche par lesquelles on accède depuis ce quai au tablier. Vercors rencontrait en ce lieu symbolique du rayonnement culturel de la France dans le monde Jacques Lecompte-Boinet, chef du mouvement Ceux de la Résistance, pour lui confier des exemplaires des Éditions de Minuit (dont le premier ouvrage publié fut Le Silence de la mer) destinés au général de Gaulle.

En peinture

 Jean Béraud, Un jour de vent sur le pont des Arts (vers 1880-1881), Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York).
 Victor Binet, Le Pont des arts, musée Alfred-Canel
 Ferdinand Desnos, La Cène sur la Seine, musée national d'Art moderne (Paris).
 Albert Lebourg, Le Pont des Arts et l'Institut de France : effet de soleil au matin (vers 1900), huile sur toile, palais de l'Institut (Paris).
 Stanislas Lépine, Le Pont des Arts (vers 1878-1883), huile sur toile, fondation Bemberg (Toulouse).
 Paul Signac, Le Pont des Arts (1928), huile sur toile, musée Carnavalet (Paris).
 Auguste Renoir, Le Pont des Arts (1867), huile sur toile, The Norton Simon Foundation (Los Angeles).
 Camille Pissarro, La Seine et le Louvre (1903), huile sur toile, musée d'Orsay (Paris).

Lieu d'exposition
 Au printemps 1999, durant trois mois, le pont accueille une grande rétrospective en plein air de l'œuvre du sénégalais Ousmane Sow (1935-2016), révélant celle-ci au grand public ; la fréquentation de l'exposition, qui présente soixante-quinze de ses imposantes sculptures, est estimée à plus de trois millions de visiteurs.

Cinéma, télévision et ballet
 1932 : Boudu sauvé des eaux met en scène Michel Simon tentant de se suicider en sautant du pont des Arts.
 1961 : Paris nous appartient.
 1968 : la scène initiale des Biches (la rencontre de Frédérique et Why) de Claude Chabrol se déroule sur la passerelle des Arts.
 2001 : Le Fabuleux Destin d'Amélie Poulain de Jean-Pierre Jeunet contient une scène se déroulant sur la passerelle des amoureux, le pont des Arts.
 2002 : La Mémoire dans la peau (The Bourne Identity) met en scène Matt Damon à la fin du film sur le pont des Arts.
 2004 : Le Pont des Arts relate une histoire d'amour impossible entre deux jeunes gens qui ne se rencontrent jamais ; l'action se déroule à Paris entre 1979 et 1980, c'est-à-dire au moment de l'effondrement de la passerelle.
 2004 : Une Américaine à Paris - , le dernier épisode de la série Sex and the City, contient une scène de nuit sur le pont des Arts.
 2006 : Le Diable s'habille en Prada lors de la Semaine de la mode.
 2007 : la publicité télévisée pour le parfum Trésor de Lancôme, réalisée par Peter Lindbergh, met en scène Kate Winslet sur le pont des Arts.
 2010 : des épisodes de la série télévisée Gossip Girl (saison 4) sont tournés sur le pont.
 2010 : Le long métrage Joue contre joue du réalisateur Cyrille Benvenuto a été tourné essentiellement sur le pont des Arts.
 2010 : le long métrage LOL USA du réalisateur Lisa Azuelos, avec Miley Cyrus, a été tourné, pour une partie de quelques minutes, sur le pont des Arts.
 2010 : dans From Paris with Love, une scène est tournée sur le pont des Arts.
 2013 : la scène finale du film Insaisissables réunit Mélanie Laurent et Mark Ruffalo sur le pont des Arts.
 2015 : dans une scène du film Toute première fois, les deux principaux protagonistes traversent le pont des Arts en voiture.
 2015 : la première et la dernière scène du ballet Interlude du compositeur Jean-Paul Penin, livret de la romancière Françoise Kerymer, se passe sur le pont des Arts.

Citation

Chansons
 Serge Gainsbourg et Philippe Clay dans la chanson L'Assassinat de Franz Lehar (en 1962).
 Georges Brassens dans la chanson Le Vent (sur l'album Le Vent en 1954) fait allusion au vent qui souffle sur le pont.
 René Aubry dans la chanson Le Vent (sur l'album Plaisir d'amour en 1998).
 Alain Souchon dans la chanson Rive gauche (sur l'album Au ras des pâquerettes en 1999).
 St Germain dans la chanson Pont des Arts (sur l'album Tourist en 2001).
 Vanessa Paradis et -M- dans la chanson La Seine (bande originale du film Un monstre à Paris en 2011).
 Julien Clerc dans la chanson Bibliothèque Mazarine (album Quand je joue en 1980).
 Damien Saez dans la chanson Les Magnifiques, sur le triple album Messina en 2012.
 Eric Amado dans la chanson Le Pont des Arts (J. Lambertie/P. Arvay) en 1951.
 Michèle Arnaud dans la Chanson du Pont des Arts (Le Pont des arts) (J. Lambertie/P. Arvay) en 1958.

Notes et références

Annexes

Bibliographie
 Henry-Louis Dubly, Ponts de Paris à travers les siècles, Paris, Henri Veyrier, 1973 , .
 Guy Lambert (dir.), Les Ponts de Paris, Paris, Action artistique de la Ville de Paris, 1999 .
 Bernard Marrey, Les Ponts modernes. - siècles, Paris, Picard Éditeur, 1990 , .
 Jean-Marie Pérouse de Montclos (dir.), Le Guide du patrimoine, Paris, Paris, Hachette, 1994 , .
 Antoine Picon (dir.), L'Art de l'ingénieur constructeur, entrepreneur, inventeur, Paris, Centre Georges-Pompidou/Éditions Le Moniteur, 1997 , .
 Marcel Prade, Les Ponts monuments historiques, Poitiers, Librairie ancienne Brissaud, 1988 , .
 Jocelyne Van Deputte, Ponts de Paris, Paris, Paris-Musées/Éditions Sauret, 1994 , .

Liens externes

 Site de la mairie de Paris
 Insecula

 Chansons dédiées au pont des Arts sur le site du compositeur Pierre Arvay

Arts
Arts
Monument historique dans le 1er arrondissement de Paris
Monument historique dans le 6e arrondissement de Paris
Monument historique inscrit en 1975
Arts
Arts
Arts, Paris
Arts, Paris
Pont en fonte
Arts
Transport à Nogent-sur-Marne
Réalisation sous l'ère napoléonienne


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text:
Old World Charm Gets Lost Inside Teutonic Bathroom at EPCOT's UK Pavilion
United Kingdom Pavilion Bathroom
Orlando, FL USA
www.epcot.com
This is pretty deep inside Disney's EPCOT theme park.
To get here, head to the United Kingdom Pavilion. Once there, look for the Rose and Crown pub, which is pretty much in the center of the pavilion. When you see it, look across the street, and you'll see a quaint little English garden set before a structure that looks a little like Windsor Castle.
There's a set of archways at the far end of the garden -- the bathrooms are inside those archways. (There's also a sign on the central street there, indicating which way the bathrooms are, as well as which way the Rose and Crown Pub is, in case you need to get back there and can't quite remember where it is.... for obvious reasons, of course.)
Like with the China Pavilion at EPCOT, the United Kingdom Pavilion houses a small array of structures that sum up traditional English experience for the non-initiated. There's the Tea Shoppe (notice the spelling of "Shoppe" -- doesn't that scream "English?"), the Rose and Crown Pub, a fish and chips place, some quaint gardens, windy streets reminiscent of a quaint Cotswolds village and architecture that looks like it was modeled after postcards of famous castles, like the aforementioned Windsor dwelling.
The pavilion itself makes for a nice diversion, but unlike China Pavilion, there isn't any attraction here (no movie; though there is a Beatle-mania-type show a few times a day) and no fine dining restaurant, unless you count the pub here as being fine dining. (It's got table service, and it charges $9 per beer, whereas the fish and chips place is just a fast food counter.)
The bathrooms look nice on the outside -- as said earlier, the architecture outside them is reminiscent of Windsor Castle and the like. Inside, however, they are just your standard mass market multi-person toilet -- nothing special. They're very hectic and busy too because they sit in the dead center of a busy thoroughfare between the France and Canada Pavilions, both of which have great fine dining restaurants and decent attractions to see.
Of course, given its bland interior, I can't complain on its lack of ambition as the bathroom at the Lotus Blossom Cafe in EPCOT's China Pavilion exhibited too much ambition and as a result created a somewhat unpleasant toilet environment. So there is something to be said for having a straightforward practical restroom on premises.
But at the same time you're letdown by the fact that the outside of the place has lots of personality and the inside doesn't.
Anyway, this is a long, rectangular environment. When you enter, you first face an area of sinks and counter spaces (for changing babies and such). Turn left from there and you see a long stretching room with a long row of urinals on one side and a long row of toilet stalls on the back, with the handicap stalls being in the back corner. (Why they are all the way back there, since it makes it hard to get to for anyone with disabilities, is anyone's guess?)
Regular stalls are average in size and are divided by beige metal stall walls; the urinals are separated by stainless steel dividers. Because of the shape of the place, and the fact that many people visit here, anyone in the stalls will have to endure lots of noise and activity. During my visit, I encountered lots of shouted conversations and many kids, who ran around frantically, bumping into things and having water fights. This was actually what I expected to experience at the Spiderman toilets in Super Hero Island in Islands of Adventure, to be honest -- just kind of a bathroom free for all, if you will.
The sinks, urinals and toilets all have autoflush (soap dispensers are manual, as is in all Disney parks bathrooms, it seems). This isn't a bad thing to have in such a frenetic environment. The place is brimming with spilled water and paper and other trash (even though it's frequently cleaned by the crew -- just too hard to keep tip top when this many people flush in, I guess) so the less I have to touch anything, the better.
The decor is pretty Teutonic, with an off-kilter brown and white-tile checkerboard pattern on the floor and white tiled walls with a black tile highlight. Again, nothing exciting -- pretty plain Jane, like what we saw at the Grand Canyon's Desert View bathroom or at TooJay's Original Gourmet Deli in Orlando. No bits of cozy English culture, no personality whatsoever. Soulless and bland and very hectic.
A little of that would have been great -- I'm not asking for something as eccentric as what we we saw in the bathrooms outside Westminster Abbey or Bleinhem Palace, or even something as high end classy as the majestic Lumley Castle Hotel, but at least some effort to mimic the decor of the Pavilion outside would have been nice.
5. Would have been higher had the place not been so filled with frantic children, water, and trash and shown a little personality.
Clearly, the cleaning schedule you've placed this place on isn't enough -- you need to double the crews here to ensure it stays clean, because it's a crowded mess as is. Also, adding some decor would soften the blow of overcrowding and messiness some. Look at what was done inside the bathrooms at the Paris Las Vegas for some inspiration, or the Lost Continent Toilet at Islands of Adventure.
Best and Worst Toilets of 2008
Old World Charm Gets Lost Inside Teutonic Bathroom...
Design Flaws and Offputting Colors Highlight Visit...
State-of-the-Art Barrier Island Center Bathroom Is...
Bizarre Bloomie's Bathroom In Dire Need of Urinal ...
Clever Cruisers Cafe Bathroom Brings Together the ...
Outhouse #12: Bathroom at Grand Canyon's Yavapai P...
Outhouse #11: Grand Canyon's Desert View Bathroom ...
Outhouse #10: Four Corners Port-O-Let No Different...
Outhouse #9: Southwest Indian Traders Home to Worl...
Urinal Trough, Extremely Inefficient Privacy Barri...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
package extensions

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"errors"
	"net"

	"k8s.io/client-go/1.5/pkg/api"
	"k8s.io/client-go/1.5/pkg/api/meta"
	"k8s.io/client-go/1.5/pkg/api/unversioned"
	"k8s.io/client-go/1.5/pkg/apimachinery/announced"
	"k8s.io/client-go/1.5/pkg/runtime"

	"github.com/Mirantis/k8s-externalipcontroller/pkg/netutils"
)

const (
	GroupName string = "ipcontroller.ext"
	Version   string = "v1"
)

var (
	SchemeGroupVersion = unversioned.GroupVersion{Group: GroupName, Version: Version}
	SchemeBuilder      = runtime.NewSchemeBuilder(addKnownTypes)
)

func addKnownTypes(scheme *runtime.Scheme) error {
	scheme.AddKnownTypes(
		SchemeGroupVersion,
		&IpNode{},
		&IpNodeList{},
		&IpClaim{},
		&IpClaimList{},
		&IpClaimPool{},
		&IpClaimPoolList{},

		&api.ListOptions{},
		&api.DeleteOptions{},
	)
	return nil
}

func init() {
	if err := announced.NewGroupMetaFactory(
		&announced.GroupMetaFactoryArgs{
			GroupName:                  GroupName,
			VersionPreferenceOrder:     []string{SchemeGroupVersion.Version},
			AddInternalObjectsToScheme: SchemeBuilder.AddToScheme,
		},
		announced.VersionToSchemeFunc{
			SchemeGroupVersion.Version: SchemeBuilder.AddToScheme,
		},
	).Announce().RegisterAndEnable(); err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
}

type IpNode struct {
	unversioned.TypeMeta `json:",inline"`

	// Standard object metadata
	Metadata api.ObjectMeta `json:"metadata,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=metadata"`

	// used as a heartbeat
	Revision int64 `json:",string"`
}

func (e *IpNode) GetObjectKind() unversioned.ObjectKind {
	return &e.TypeMeta
}

func (e *IpNode) GetObjectMeta() meta.Object {
	return &e.Metadata
}

type IpNodeList struct {
	unversioned.TypeMeta `json:",inline"`

	// Standard list metadata.
	unversioned.ListMeta `json:"metadata,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=metadata"`

	Items []IpNode `json:"items" protobuf:"bytes,2,rep,name=items"`
}

type IpClaim struct {
	unversioned.TypeMeta `json:",inline"`

	// Standard object metadata
	Metadata api.ObjectMeta `json:"metadata,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=metadata"`

	Spec IpClaimSpec `json:"spec,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=spec"`
}

func (e *IpClaim) GetObjectKind() unversioned.ObjectKind {
	return &e.TypeMeta
}

func (e *IpClaim) GetObjectMeta() meta.Object {
	return &e.Metadata
}

type IpClaimList struct {
	unversioned.TypeMeta `json:",inline"`

	// Standard list metadata.
	unversioned.ListMeta `json:"metadata,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=metadata"`

	Items []IpClaim `json:"items" protobuf:"bytes,2,rep,name=items"`
}

type IpClaimSpec struct {
	// NodeName used to identify where IPClaim is assigned (IPNode.Name)
	NodeName string `json:"nodeName" protobuf:"bytes,10,opt,name=nodeName"`
	Cidr     string `json:"cidr,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,10,opt,name=cidr"`
	Link     string `json:"link" protobuf:"bytes,10,opt,name=link"`
}

type IpClaimPool struct {
	unversioned.TypeMeta `json:",inline"`

	// Standard object metadata
	Metadata api.ObjectMeta `json:"metadata,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=metadata"`

	Spec IpClaimPoolSpec `json:"spec,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=spec"`
}

type IpClaimPoolSpec struct {
	CIDR      string            `json:"cidr" protobuf:"bytes,10,opt,name=cidr"`
	Ranges    [][]string        `json:"ranges,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,5,opt,name=ranges"`
	Allocated map[string]string `json:"allocated,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=allocated"`
}

type IpClaimPoolList struct {
	unversioned.TypeMeta `json:",inline"`

	// Standard list metadata.
	unversioned.ListMeta `json:"metadata,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=metadata"`

	Items []IpClaimPool `json:"items" protobuf:"bytes,2,rep,name=items"`
}

func (p *IpClaimPool) AvailableIP() (availableIP string, err error) {
	ip, network, err := net.ParseCIDR(p.Spec.CIDR)
	if err != nil {
		return
	}

	var dropOffIP net.IP

	ranges := [][]net.IP{}

	//in case 'Ranges' is not set for the pool assume ranges of the
	//network itself
	if p.Spec.Ranges != nil {
		for _, r := range p.Spec.Ranges {
			ip = net.ParseIP(r[0])
			dropOffIP = net.ParseIP(r[len(r)-1])
			netutils.IPIncrement(dropOffIP)

			ranges = append(ranges, []net.IP{ip, dropOffIP})
		}
	} else {
		//network address is not usable
		netutils.IPIncrement(ip)
		ranges = [][]net.IP{{ip, dropOffIP}}
	}

	for _, r := range ranges {
		curAddr := r[0]
		nextAddr := make(net.IP, len(curAddr))
		copy(nextAddr, curAddr)
		netutils.IPIncrement(nextAddr)

		firstOut := r[len(r)-1]

		for network.Contains(curAddr) && network.Contains(nextAddr) && !curAddr.Equal(firstOut) {
			if _, exists := p.Spec.Allocated[curAddr.String()]; !exists {
				return curAddr.String(), nil
			}
			netutils.IPIncrement(curAddr)
			netutils.IPIncrement(nextAddr)

		}
	}

	return "", errors.New("There is no free IP left in the pool")
}

func (p *IpClaimPool) GetObjectKind() unversioned.ObjectKind {
	return &p.TypeMeta
}

func (p *IpClaimPool) GetObjectMeta() meta.Object {
	return &p.Metadata
}

// see https://github.com/kubernetes/client-go/issues/8
type ExampleIpNode IpNode
type ExampleIpNodesList IpNodeList
type ExampleIpClaim IpClaim
type ExampleIpClaimList IpClaimList
type ExampleIpClaimPool IpClaimPool
type ExampleIpClaimPoolList IpClaimPoolList

func (e *IpClaimPool) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
	tmp := ExampleIpClaimPool{}
	err := json.Unmarshal(data, &tmp)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	tmp2 := IpClaimPool(tmp)
	*e = tmp2
	return nil
}

func (e *IpClaimPoolList) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
	tmp := ExampleIpClaimPoolList{}
	err := json.Unmarshal(data, &tmp)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	tmp2 := IpClaimPoolList(tmp)
	*e = tmp2
	return nil
}

func (e *IpNode) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
	tmp := ExampleIpNode{}
	err := json.Unmarshal(data, &tmp)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	tmp2 := IpNode(tmp)
	*e = tmp2
	return nil
}

func (el *IpNodeList) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
	tmp := ExampleIpNodesList{}
	err := json.Unmarshal(data, &tmp)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	tmp2 := IpNodeList(tmp)
	*el = tmp2
	return nil
}

func (e *IpClaim) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
	tmp := ExampleIpClaim{}
	err := json.Unmarshal(data, &tmp)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	tmp2 := IpClaim(tmp)
	*e = tmp2
	return nil
}

func (el *IpClaimList) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
	tmp := ExampleIpClaimList{}
	err := json.Unmarshal(data, &tmp)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	tmp2 := IpClaimList(tmp)
	*el = tmp2
	return nil
}


text:
Syed Mahmudur Rahman
Department of English, East West University, A/2 Jahurul Islam Avenue, Aftabnagar, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
Home > Vol 9, No 6 (2018) > Rahman
Hyper-Elitism in Writing Literary Criticisms: Theories and References
Current day literary criticisms written in world englishes often seem to be a little hard to comprehend for readers because of critics' tendency to use too much decorative language with too many theoretical views, jargons, and references of different sorts just to stick to an assumed standard of scholarly writing. This paper, based on a generalized study though, considers that assumed standard hyper elitist, which is affecting the easy entrance of a considerable portion of literary audience into the literary realm where the popularity in the form of reader-friendliness and comprehensibility of literary criticisms are compromised, and thoughts of some creditable thinkers remain unnoticed only because those promising thoughts apparently fail to be expressed in that supposed standard of language. Keeping the purpose of literary criticisms in mind, this paper places forth a seemingly valid question whether this sophisticated way of expressing is really mandatory or not, as the word 'standard' itself is subjected to be modified when needed, and the postmodern approach to the literary regime really tends to unsettle the frame of any standardization and deny the distinctions between 'high' and 'low'. Thus, speculated implications of the paper included that the accessibility of greater number of audience into the arena of literary criticisms might be more liberally considered by established but elitist critics, while the stress of synthesized elitism in writing criticisms might also be mitigated for neophytes among critics.
Literary Criticism, Reader-friendliness, Standard, References, Critics, Literary Audience, Elitist/Elitism
"Literature." Oxford Learner's Dictionaries, www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/English/literature.
Accessed 7 Aug. 2018
Orwell, George. "Politics and the English Language." The Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell, 1st ed,
edited by Sonia Orwell and Ian Angos, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1968, pp. 127-40.
Sheilds, David. Reality Hunger. Penguin Books, 2011.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.9n.6p.153


text:
La Leche League of Washington
A world without barriers to experiencing the love and wisdom found in the breastfeeding relationship
About La Leche League of Washington
La Leche League of Washington is a parent-to-parent human milk feeding* support organization. La Leche League Leaders are volunteer parents who have nursed their own children and are accredited by La Leche League International. Leaders provide support and information to families from pregnancy through weaning. La Leche League of Washington is made up of nearly 100 active Leaders and 30 Groups in Washington, Idaho, and Alaska. Four regions provide helpline services for parents and caregivers. In 2019, over 300 LLL meetings were held with 1,350 attendees. In addition, volunteer Leaders responded to 8,150 helping requests!
*LLL of Washington supports human milk feeding, including, but not limited to: breastfeeding, chestfeeding, expressing milk (pumping), bottle feeding expressed milk, mixed feeding, and supplementing at the breast.
La Leche League of Washington is committed to providing its volunteer Leaders with the most up-to-date and comprehensive tools to support breastfeeding families. Leaders assist families through phone calls, in-person Group Meetings, email, and social media. La Leche League of Washington strives to meet parents where they are to help them reach their breastfeeding goals. Through Leader accreditation, La Leche League of Washington continues to accredit new Leaders and expand its reach into communities across our Area (WA, ID, AK).
For health care professionals, La Leche League of Washington's health care professional seminars are among the top lactation continuing education opportunities in the Pacific Northwest. LLL brings some of the most-sought-after experts in the field of lactation to Washington State to further understand best practices for feeding.
La Leche League of Washington is part of La Leche League USA and La Leche League International.
LLL USA Diversity and Inclusion Statement:
La Leche League USA (LLL USA) is committed to diversity and inclusion. LLL USA supports all breastfeeding, chestfeeding, and human milk feeding families, inclusive of their race, ethnicity, immigration status, national origin, creed, age, sexual orientation, gender identity, family structure, primary language, ability, or socio-economic status. LLL USA fosters diversity among its Leaders so as to incorporate a wide variety of perspectives and responsible decision-making.
LLLI's Philosophies
La Leche League International (LLLI) is an international organization with the sole purpose of helping parents and babies breast/chestfeed. LLLI focuses on matters relating to breast and chestfeeding, as defined by its Philosophy, and does not endorse other causes. The primary role of an LLLI Leader is to provide parents information and options on matters relating to human milk feeding.
The basic philosophy of La Leche League is summarized in the following statements:
Mothering through breastfeeding is the most natural and effective way of understanding and satisfying the needs of the baby.
Mother and baby need to be together early and often to establish a satisfying relationship and an adequate milk supply.
In the early years the baby has an intense need to be with his mother which is as basic as his need for food.
Human milk is the natural food for babies, uniquely meeting their changing needs.
For the healthy, full-term baby, human milk is the only food necessary until the baby shows signs of readiness for complementary foods, about the middle of the first year after birth.
Ideally the breastfeeding relationship will continue until the baby outgrows the need.
Alert and active participation by the mother in childbirth is a help in getting breastfeeding off to a good start.
Breastfeeding is enhanced and the nursing couple sustained by the loving support, help, and companionship of the mother's father. A father's unique relationship with the baby is an important element in the child's development from early infancy.
Good nutrition means eating a well-balanced and varied diet of foods in as close to their natural state as possible.
From infancy on, children need loving guidance which reflects acceptance of their capabilities and sensitivity to their feelings.
For more information about LLL of WA's efforts, programs and policies, please contact us or call our administrative phone line at 425-610-6119.
For news and press releases, click here.
Support of the International WHO Code
Written agreements and contracts governing sponsorship will include the information that LLLI fully supports the WHO International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes and subsequent World Assembly resolutions relevant to the International Code, passed before October 2006. LLLI and LLL of WA shall not enter into sponsorship or endorsement or licensing agreements with any corporation that violates the International Code nor accept advertisements or exhibits from such corporations. The term 'corporation' includes subsidiaries and parent companies of known International Code violators. New contracts shall specify that breaches of this provision that occur or become apparent during the term of the contract will result in the contract being terminated.


text:
Johnny Cash: unseen pictures unearthed
Click or tap to zoom into this image
This is an image 1 of 9
Johnny Cash with wife June Carter, and their only son John Carter Cash. Cash is the only country star ever to pick a fight with an ostrich. In 1983 the Man In Black was hospitalised with serious abdominal injuries after being kicked in the stomach by an ostrich he kept on his farm.
Pic: Danny Clinch
Johnny Cash in 1994, aged 62. Despite cultivating a romantic outlaw image, Cash never served a prison sentence - although he was arrested for several misdemeanours. For example, in June 1965, his truck caught fire, triggering a forest fire that destroyed 509 acres of protected forest in California, killing 49 endangered condors. "I don't care about your damn yellow buzzards," Cash told the judge passing sentence.
Johnny Cash photographed in 1994. Images from this session would later form part of the artwork for Cash's 2000 album 'Solitary Man'. Around this time the country legend lent his distinctive voice to an episode of 'The Simpsons', playing the part of a coyote that guides Homer on a spiritual quest.
Johnny Cash, 1994. Photographer Danny Clinch recalls: "After the 'official' shoot I asked him if I could hang around and document backstage, and he said yes - that's when I got the shot of him waiting in the hallway. I sent this photo as a gift to Rick Rubin and he had it hanging at his studio. When they were recording 'Solitary Man' (the third album in the 'American Recordings' series) people kept saying this photo would make a great cover. And Rick's assistant called and we made it happen. One of my proudest moments."
Johnny Cash in 1994. Photographer Danny Clinch recalls: "I photographed him for 'Country Guitar' magazine for a cover story . He was kind, patient and generous with his time. He sang 'Bird On A Wire' (from 'American Recordings', 1994) to me and my two assistants and was joking around a lot." This image forms part of an exhibition, 'Johnny Cash: A Definitive Portrait', which takes place at London's Proud Central, July 25 â
A 27-year-old Johnny Cash watches performers from the side of the stage before he goes out to perform in White Plains, New York, 1959. This photograph, along with others taken by the late Marvin Koner, languished in the bottom of a wardrobe for almost 50 years before being rediscovered. Koner's photos now form part of an exhibition, 'Johnny Cash: A Definitive Portrait', which takes place at London's Proud Central, July 25 â
Johnny Cash plays a banjo backstage in White Plains, New York, February 1959. At this point Cash was experiencing his first flush of fame, having recently scored a US Top 20 single with 'I Walk The Line'. His marriage to to June Carter, and subsequent struggles with amphetamine and barbiturate addiction, were all ahead of him.
Pic: Marvin Koner
Johnny Cash tunes his guitar backstage in White Plains, New York, February 1959. The country star was 27 years old and had recently signed with Columbia Records. White Plains would provide the inspiration for a song named 'Big River', which featured in the Cash biopic 'Walk The Line'.
Johnny Cash on stage with his band, the Tennessee Three, in White Plains, New York, February 1959. The star was photographed by the late Marvin Koner, whose images of Cash are seeing the light of day for the first time after being lost for other 40 years. They form part of an exhibition, 'Johnny Cash: A Definitive Portrait', which takes place at London's Proud Central, July 25 â


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CTM Festival 2023 [LiveStream] at Berlin, Germany
The world's biggest CTM Festival 2023 is now on the door. Here you will get a how-to watch, lineup, and ticket-buying guide for the CTM Festival 2023. This…
Bumper in Berlin' for Season 2 – The Hollywood Reporter
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NYE at Zenner Festival 2022 [LiveStream] at Zenner, Berlin, Germany
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Kristen Stewart Named Berlin Film Festival Jury President – The Hollywood Reporter
Actor, screenwriter and director Kristen Stewart will serve as the president of the jury at the 73rd Berlin International Film Festival in…
De Mortem et Diabolum Festival 2022 [LiveStream] at ORWOhaus, Berlin, Germany
The world's biggest De Mortem et Diabolum Festival 2022 is now on the door. Here you will get a how-to watch, lineup, and ticket-buying guide for the De…
Synästhesie Festival 7 2022 [LiveStream] at Kulturbrauerei, Berlin, Germany
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Impericon Never Say Die! Tour Festival 2022 [LiveStream] at SO36, Berlin, Germany
The world's biggest Impericon Never Say Die! Tour Festival 2022 is now on the door. Here you will get a how-to watch, lineup, and ticket-buying guide for the…
Music Live Festival 2022 [LiveStream] at Kulturbrauerei, Berlin, Germany
The world's biggest Most Wanted: Music Live Festival 2022 is now on the door. Here you will get a how-to watch, lineup, and ticket-buying guide for the Most…


Each of the four Greater Nottingham Clinical Commissioning Groups has achieved a 'good' rating following an annual assessment from NHS England.
Under NHS England's 'Improvement and Assessment' framework, all CCGs are assessed and given a rating according to performance, delivery, outcomes, finance and leadership.
The results are good news for all four Greater Nottingham CCGs as we move to align functions as well as work more closely with other members of the Sustainability and Transformation Partnership.
The 'good' rating is a real testament to the hard work and dedication of CCGs, local Practices and the wider health community staff, who all work tirelessly to improve outcomes for local patients and develop better health services for the future.
We will continue to strive to improve the services we deliver to our communities and are focusing our efforts on improvements in a number of areas, particularly improving against our cancer targets to ensure people are seen quicker and outcomes are improved.
High levels of clinical engagement to drive improvement and make a positive impact on patient care, with the Clinical Leadership team making an excellent contribution to cross health and social care community initiatives.


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CFMT Tornado Response
Connecting Generosity With Need®
Six-Month Report
One-Year Report
Two-Year Report
Grantmaking in Times of Disaster
During emergency response grantmaking, The Community Foundation works with volunteer community leaders and experts on the ground to determine how best to utilize the funds available.
As the emergency response continues, it is important to recognize that the long-term recovery phase for a major emergency can last for years, and the impact of these long-term needs on nonprofits and those they serve will be considered in making grants.
Activating Emergency Grantmaking Procedures
Every disaster is different and, so too, are the responses. Flexibility and agility must be maintained.
Following an emergency event, The Foundation may contact nonprofits and other community leaders for assessment and information. The Foundation has authority to approve emergency grants, without application.
Additionally, grant applications are submitted by local nonprofits to The Community Foundation for specific disaster response needs. Up-to-date information on The Community Foundation's online initiative, GivingMatters.com, will shorten the usual due diligence process for grantmaking.
Transparency is a critical component in disaster grantmaking. The Community Foundation requires grantees to provide detailed reports on how the grant supported disaster response needs. Those reports will be shared broadly throughout the community.
givingback@cfmt.org
Copyright © 2022 CFMT Tornado Response | The Community Foundation of Middle Tennessee


Jacobs' Kronung Ground Coffee is just what you need in the morning. Smooth and rich, this Coffee is made from carefully selected beans. Artfully blended and custom roasted, Kronung Coffee is flavorful and nutty.
Facts: 17.6 oz. Product of the Netherlands.


Colonics are the best way to cleanse the colon.
Within the context of a fasting retreat, in which Psyllium is used to carry material into the colon from the small intestines, colonics are used to clear the colon of this toxic debris. Nothing is more efficient.
Remember, this material is not Mucoid Plaque (see mucus article here) any more than it is faecal matter. It is made almost entirely of psyllium husks, but loaded with the outflow from the liver - the real workhorse in any detox process, and the real magic in the healing.
The following picture was taken after a single colonic, on the fifth day of a detox retreat with us. It is laid out on an A4 sheet of paper, as an indication of size.
Examination of expelled matter can be very revealing, if you have the stomach for it.
The results indicate that this Colon is in pretty good shape - as evidenced by the visible impressions of the even sacculations (peristaltic muscles), and centre lines upon the resulting psyllium.
Move mouse over top half of photo to reveal centrelines (Teania Coli) of Colon.
The lower part of the picture indicates ballooning and constriction points within the bowel, and possibly the small intestines (see more in Mucus Article).
However, because the final part of the bowel tends to dehydrate things, the form and shape of the result is best seen as a guide to the lower bowel (the colon). The Small Intestines cannot be specifically indicated, as the psyllium left them a while ago, and their impressions have probably been reformed into those of the colon. However, we do know that the fibrous action of psyllium husks works wonders in sweeping and invigorating the entire digestive tract, so good work goes on there too.


This is a fine example of Michael Nowack's ceramic artistry. It features his use of unique glazes and functionality in form. This vase has a vibrant blue glossy glaze with a matte cobalt bottom. A beautiful vessel.


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Q: How can I have atos print mangled names? I'm running atos to symbolicate addresses using -arch arm64 -o MyApp -s <slide> -f <symbol file>. However, it prints lines like type metadata accessor for GradientView (in MyApp) (<compiler-generated>:0). I'd like it to print the mangled name instead, e.g. _$s22FeatureImpl12LanguageCellC19GradientViewSo012GradientI0CvpACTk. I need this for various reasons, including to pass to an order file for the linker. Is there any way to do this with atos?

A: I've found a workaround without atos. I can use the private CoreSymbolication framework directly:
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <mach/machine.h>
#include <mach-o/arch.h>
#include <architecture/byte_order.h>

struct sCSTypeRef {
    void* csCppData;    // typically retrieved using CSCppSymbol...::data(csData & 0xFFFFFFF8)
    void* csCppObj;        // a pointer to the actual CSCppObject
};
typedef struct sCSTypeRef CSTypeRef;

typedef CSTypeRef CSSymbolicatorRef;
typedef CSTypeRef CSSourceInfoRef;
typedef CSTypeRef CSSymbolOwnerRef;
typedef CSTypeRef CSSectionRef;
typedef CSTypeRef CSSegmentRef;
typedef CSTypeRef CSSymbolRef;
typedef CSTypeRef CSRegionRef;
typedef CSTypeRef CSUUIDRef;

CSSymbolicatorRef CSSymbolicatorCreateWithURLAndArchitecture(CFURLRef url, cpu_type_t type);
CSSymbolRef CSSymbolicatorGetSymbolWithAddressAtTime(CSSymbolicatorRef cs, vm_address_t addr, uint64_t time);
const char* CSSymbolGetMangledName(CSSymbolRef sym);

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    CFURLRef url = CFURLCreateWithFileSystemPath(NULL, CFSTR("/path/to/dSYM/binary"), kCFURLPOSIXPathStyle, false);
    CSSymbolicatorRef cs = CSSymbolicatorCreateWithURLAndArchitecture(url, 16777228 /* arm64 cputype */);
    int slide = ...;
    ptrdiff_t addr = ...;
    CSSymbolRef sym = CSSymbolicatorGetSymbolWithAddressAtTime(cs, addr - slide, 0);
    const char *name = CSSymbolGetMangledName(sym);
    printf("%s\n", name);
    return 0;
}

https://github.com/mountainstorm/CoreSymbolication/blob/master/CoreSymbolication/CoreSymbolication.h provided the prototypes


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2016 Goldman Prize Winner
Luis Jorge Rivera Herrera
Luis Jorge Rivera Herrera helped lead a successful campaign to establish a nature reserve in Puerto Rico's Northeast Ecological Corridor—an important nesting ground for the endangered leatherback sea turtle—and protect the island's natural heritage from harmful development.
Meet Luis Jorge Rivera Herrera
Home to the Leatherback Sea Turtle
The Northeast Ecological Corridor (NEC) covers 3,000 acres of prime oceanfront property along the north coast of Puerto Rico. In addition to its scenic and recreational value, it has enormous biological significance. The corridor is home to more than 50 rare, threatened, or endangered species, some unique to the island, and its proximity to El Yunque National Forest, a UNESCO-designated biosphere reserve, adds to its natural value and uniqueness.
In the late 1990s, with promises to revitalize the area's economy, developers proposed two megaresorts—3,500 hotel rooms and residential units, multiple golf courses, a shopping mall, and other urban construction—to be built in the corridor. These projects would have destroyed the corridor's wildlife habitat, threatened the local water supply, and limited public beach access while ignoring the reality that other similar developments in Puerto Rico had failed to bring the economic opportunities that had been promised.
Recreation in the Northwestern Ecological Corridos of Puerto Rico (Photo: Goldman Environmental Prize)
A Life Rooted in Appreciation of Nature
Born in Puerto Rico, Luis Jorge Rivera Herrera spent many childhood weekends at a coconut farm that had been owned by his family since 1873. When he was 8 years old, the government seized the family's farm with plans to build a wastewater treatment plant on the land.
As a teenager, he enjoyed surfing. The hobby led him to the Northeast Ecological Corridor, whose scenery and natural beauty brought back memories of his family's farm. He recalled the experience of seeing bulldozers tear up the cherished family farm—an experience that would form the foundation of his life-long commitment to protect the environment and hold the government accountable to citizen's rights.
Rivera Herrera went on to study environmental science and built a career in environmental planning and management. In 1999, he came across a newspaper ad about the proposed megaresorts. Thanks to his professional training and personal experience growing up in the region, he knew the area's recreational and environmental value—and was determined to not let the government pave over it.
Luis Jorge and his coalition colleagues are now mounting a fundraising campaign to help the government purchase privately owned land in the corridor so that the entire nature reserve can be protected and made accessible to the public. (Photo: Goldman Environmental Prize)
Sixteen Years and Five Governors Later
Rivera Herrera and a group of close friends began volunteering their time to organize public opposition to the megaresorts. The campaign's momentum shifted in 2005 with the arrival of a full-time organizer from the Sierra Club, which led to the formation of the Coalition for the Northeast Ecological Corridor. Newly energized, Rivera Herrera drafted a bill to protect the corridor as a nature reserve. The legislation sailed through the lower house of the Puerto Rican legislature, but was ultimately blocked by a handful of senators, one of whom would later be found guilty of bribery and corruption charges.
The bill had died, but by 2007, the Rivera Herrera and the coalition had built a formidable amount of public support for the protection of the corridor. This created a safe political environment for then-Governor Acevedo-Vilá to circumvent the legislature and sign an executive order designating the Northeast Ecological Corridor a protected nature reserve.
Puerto Rico elected a new governor in 2008, who ran on a platform of jumpstarting the economy through construction jobs. The megaresort developers contributed generously to his campaign, and soon after he was elected, in October 2009, Governor Fortuño repealed his predecessor's designation, leaving the corridor vulnerable to development.
In 2012, Rivera Herrera and the coalition successfully worked with legislators to pass a new bill that designated all public lands in the corridor a protected nature reserve. With overwhelming public support for the corridor and his reelection at risk, Fortuño signed the bill into law. The coalition gained more momentum in April 2013, when the newly elected Governor García-Padilla expanded the corridor's nature reserve designation to include privately owned land. At every step of the way in the 16-year battle, Rivera Herrera was there to challenge government corruption and advocate for the public's right to demand protection for the environment.
Rivera Herrera and his coalition colleagues are now mounting a fundraising campaign to help the government purchase the remaining privately owned land in the corridor. They are also leading citizen participation in a plan to develop the corridor as an ecotourism destination, which will generate funding for wildlife management and restoration while revitalizing the local economy.
Luis Jorge hopes his son will be able to grow up surfing the waters of the Northeast Ecological Corridors and share his love for the ocean, nature, and wildlife. (Photo: Goldman Environmental Prize)
Help Rivera Herrera ensure that the spectacular Northeast Ecological Corridor is protected from development and donate through the Sierra Club Puerto Rico Chapter.
Read a children's book about Rivera Herrera created by high school students from Goshen, Indiana.
See more photos and videos in the media room
From the Goldman Blog
Five People Working to Save our Oceans
Q&A with Luis Jorge Rivera Herrera
Two Puerto Rican Stars Face-off


Facebook is changing the way it identifies false and misleading news on the social network.
It is ditching the red icon indicating fake news known as the "disputed flag" and will instead show Related Articles next to hoax posts in the News Feed, the company announced on Thursday.
Facebook says Related Articles will give people more context about a story, including what information in the story is false. If someone tries to share a fake news story, they will get a popup notifying them of additional reporting from fact checkers. Those articles will also appear next to fake news before someone clicks on the link on Facebook.
The social network has long struggled with fake news on its platform. Facebook joined Twitter and Google in front of Congress last month to answer tough questions on how its platform was used to spread misinformation during the 2016 U.S. presidential election.
It continues to try and combat the spread of false content.
Facebook launched disputed flags in December 2016. It began introducing fact-checked stories to Related Articles in August. It recently added new "trust indicators" for publications on Facebook, too.
But disputed flags didn't work out how Facebook anticipated.
In a post on Medium, Facebook product designer Jeff Smith said disputed flags buried important information relevant to debunking the hoax and required at least two fact checkers to dispute the article. That method was time consuming. Related Articles require just one fact checker's review.
Further, Facebook says research shows that displaying a red icon to indicate fake news could actually further entrench someone's beliefs -- the opposite of what the flag was designed to do.
While testing Related Articles on fake news, Facebook found people clicked through to the story the same amount whether they saw a disputed flag or Related Articles. But showing Related Articles led to fewer shares of the false story.
Though the design is changing, much of the experience is staying the same. Facebook will still alert people if they've shared a fake news story that was disputed by fact-checkers.
"Using language that is unbiased and non-judgmental helps us to build products that speak to people with diverse perspectives," Smith wrote.


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3rd man fatally shot in Camden in 10 days
Nathaniel Kirkpatrick was found on the sidewalk along the 2900 block of Octagon Road around 10 p.m., according to the Camden County Prosecutor's Office.
3rd man fatally shot in Camden in 10 days Nathaniel Kirkpatrick was found on the sidewalk along the 2900 block of Octagon Road around 10 p.m., according to the Camden County Prosecutor's Office. Check out this story on courierpostonline.com: http://on.cpsj.com/1npnI0I
Published 3:05 p.m. ET Aug. 5, 2014 | Updated 6:57 a.m. ET Aug. 6, 2014
File: Camden County Police(Photo: JODI SAMSEL/Courier-Post)Buy Photo
CAMDEN – A city man shot dead Monday night was the third person to lose their life to gunfire in a 10-day span in Camden.
Nathaniel Kirkpatrick, 27, was found on the sidewalk along the 2900 block of Octagon Road in the city's Fairview section around 10 p.m., according to the Camden County Prosecutor's Office.
He was taken to Cooper University Hospital and was pronounced dead about a half hour later.
Authorities did not release possible motives or indicate whether any arrests had been made in the killing.
SEE ALSO: Camden homicide map: 2011-14
According to court records, Kirkpatrick pleaded guilty in November 2010 to a weapons offense in a narcotics case. He received a three-year prison term the following month.
The slaying was the city's 22nd homicide this year. Camden had 31 killings at this time last year and 39 in 2012.
Kirkpatrick was the third Camden resident slain in the city in less than two weeks.
On Friday night, 34-year-old Christopher Mitchell was gunned down at 7th and Clinton streets.
Six days earlier, Nhat Tran, 22, was fatally shot in a car near 34th and Rosedale streets in East Camden, authorities said.
Anyone with information on Kirkpatrick's slaying is asked to call Camden County Prosecutor's Office Detective Michael Rhoads at (856) 225-8561 or Camden County Police Detective Mike Ross at (856) 757-7420.
Tips also may be emailed to ccpotips@ccprosecutor.org or sent by text message to CCTIP.
Related: More South Jersey Crime News
Read or Share this story: http://on.cpsj.com/1npnI0I
Pedestrian killed on Route 38 in Cherry Hill
Body in submerged car was woman missing six years
Missing car sought after driver is found dead
Groom from Willingboro gets probation in wedding incident with teenage server
Documentary honors life, legacy of Camden's Michael Doyle


Water pumps and covers to complete your water storage solution. The Hyjet Domestic range of pumps are designed for water supply to the house and garden. Now choosing the right pump for a reliable water supply is made easy.


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Q: Matplotlib: using colormap to show regime (axvspan or bar?) I'm trying to represent one dataset as blocks of color in my plot (instead of showing as a variable width bar chart i would like to show this as a variable width block with a background color.)
I could do something like this:
import numpy
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.cm as cm
import matplotlib.colors as colors

# Create fake data
x = numpy.linspace(0,4)
y = numpy.exp(x)

# Now plot one by one
bar_width = x[1] - x[0]  # assuming x is linealy spaced
for pointx, pointy in zip(x,y):
    point = 40
    current_color = cm.jet( min(pointy/30, 30)) # maximum of 30
    plt.bar(pointx, point, bar_width, color = current_color)

plt.show()

But then i do not have scaling of the colormap to the extent of my data.
Or i could do something like:
for i in range(10):
    color = cm.jet(min(i/30, 30))
    plt.axvspan(i, i+1, facecolor=color, alpha=0.5)

But again this is unsatisfactory as i would like to have a way to have my data autoscaled to cmap's min and max.
Thanks!

A: It's a little unclear what you are looking for, but I think a few of your questions can be answered by using a scaled cmap, from cm.get_cmap. We can scale the the range of your data from 0,1 and plug it into the cmap. I made the bars have different widths by simply plotting multiple bar charts, there may be a better matplotlib library call to do this in one-shot.
import numpy
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.cm as cm

# Create fake data
X = numpy.linspace(0,4)
Y = numpy.exp(X)

# Pick a cmap
cmap = cm.get_cmap('jet')

for x0,x1 in zip(Y,Y[1:]):
    c = cmap((x0-Y.min())/Y.max())
    plt.bar([x0,],1.0,x1-x0,
            color=c,
            linewidth=0)
plt.xlim(Y.min(),Y.max())
plt.show()

A: By the 'extent of your data' I assume you mean that the colour map maxes out for pointy>30. This can easily be solved by simplifying your current_color:
import numpy
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.cm as cm
import matplotlib.colors as colors

# Create fake data
x = numpy.linspace(0,4)
y = numpy.exp(x)

# Now plot one by one
bar_width = x[1] - x[0]  # assuming x is linealy spaced
max_y = y.max()
min_y = y.min()

for pointx, pointy in zip(x,y):
    point = 40
    current_color = cm.jet((pointy - min_y)/(max_y - min_y))
    plt.bar(pointx, point, bar_width, color = current_color)

plt.show()

Before, once pointy was greater than 30 the value given to cmap.jet was greater than unity which is an upper threshold for the color map. Instead we find the range of y, then find the fraction of the way through this range that pointy is and pass that number (between 0 and 1) to the color map.


51 Hounslow Drive Northwest is a property located in Calgary, Alberta. Rural Rockyview County, Chestermere and Conrich are nearby cities. Hounslow Drive has 1 homes presently on the market, while the city of Calgary has 2,359 homes on the market. postings around Hounslow Drive are listed for an average asking price of $635,305, or an estimated monthly mortgage of $2,319.* That is 1.4x the average list price of $456,334 in Calgary. Neighbourhood listed properties average 1,516 sq ft, 3 beds, and 2 baths. The majority of homes for sale in the community around 51 Hounslow Drive Northwestare houses. The 4 bed, 2 bath house for sale at 1319 Northcote Road Northwest, Calgary is comparable and listed at $438,900. Another similar home is the 6 bed, 2 bath house located at 4223 4 Street Northwest, Calgary and priced for sale at $449,800.
If the neighborhood doesn't quite have the type of property you're looking for, there are still 1545 townhouses for sale (Calgary).
The home at 51 Hounslow Drive is a semi detached.
Courtesy of Robert McIntyre of CENTURY 21 BAMBER REALTY LTD.
How much did 51 Hounslow Drive Calgary sell for?


Why Children Love It and Need It.
To protect our children we must allow them to play and learn without adult supervision.
Fear, you would think, is a negative experience, to be avoided whenever possible. Yet as everyone who has a child or once was one knows, children love to play in risky ways—ways that combine the joy of freedom with just the right measure of fear to produce the exhilarating blend known as thrill.
Rapid speeds. Children swing on vines, ropes or playground swings; slide on sleds, skis, skates or playground slides; shoot down rapids on logs or boats; and ride bikes, skateboards and other devices fast enough to produce the thrill of almost but not quite losing control.
Dangerous tools. Depending on the culture, children play with knives, bows and arrows, farm machinery (where work and play combine) or other tools known to be potentially dangerous. There is, of course, great satisfaction in being trusted to handle such tools, but there is also thrill in controlling them, knowing that a mistake could hurt.
Dangerous elements. Children love to play with fire, or in and around deep bodies of water, either of which poses some danger.
Rough-and-tumble. Children everywhere chase one another around and fight playfully, and they typically prefer being in the most vulnerable position— the one being chased, or the one underneath in wrestling—the position that involves the most risk of being hurt and requires the most skill to overcome.
Disappearing/getting lost. Little children play hide and seek and experience the thrill of temporary, scary separation from their companions. Older ones venture off on their own, away from adults, into territories that to them are new and filled with imagined dangers, including the danger of getting lost.
Other young mammals also enjoy risky play. Goat kids frolic along steep slopes and leap awkwardly into the air in ways that make landing difficult. Young monkeys playfully swing from branch to branch in trees, far enough apart to challenge their skill and high enough up that a fall could hurt. Young chimpanzees enjoy dropping from high branches and catching themselves on lower ones just before hitting the ground. Young mammals of most species, not just ours, spend great amounts of time chasing one another around and play fighting—and they, too, generally prefer the most vulnerable positions.
From an evolutionary perspective, the obvious question about risky play is this: Why does it exist? It can cause injury (although serious injury is rare) and even (very rarely) death, so why hasn't natural selection weeded it out? The fact that it hasn't been weeded out is evidence that the benefits must outweigh the risks. What are the benefits? Laboratory studies with animals give us some clues.
Researchers have devised ways to deprive young rats of play during a critical phase of their development without depriving them of other social experiences. Rats raised in this way grow up emotionally crippled. When placed in a novel environment, they overact with fear and fail to adapt and explore as a normal rat would. When placed with an unfamiliar peer, they may alternate between freezing in fear and lashing out with inappropriate, ineffective aggression. In earlier experiments, similar findings occurred when young monkeys were deprived of play (though the controls in those experiments were not as good as in the subsequent rat experiments).
Such findings have contributed to the emotion regulation theory of play—the theory that one of play's major functions is to teach young mammals how to regulate fear and anger. In risky play, youngsters dose themselves with manageable quantities of fear and practice keeping their heads and behaving adaptively while experiencing that fear. They learn that they can manage their fear, overcome it, and come out alive. In roughand- tumble play they may also experience anger, as one player may accidentally hurt another. But to continue playing, to continue the fun, they must overcome that anger. If they lash out, the play is over. Thus, according to the emotion regulation theory, play is, among other things, the way that young mammals learn to control their fear and anger so they can encounter real-life dangers, and interact in close quarters with others, without succumbing to negative emotions.
On the basis of such research, Sandseter wrote, in a 2011 article in the journal Evolutionary Psychology, "We may observe an increased neuroticism or psychopathology in society if children are hindered from partaking in age-adequate risky play." She wrote this as if it were a prediction for the future, but I've reviewed data— in Free to Learn and elsewhere—indicating that this future is here already and has been for a while.
Briefly, the evidence is this: Over the past 60 years we have witnessed in our culture a continuous, gradual, but ultimately dramatic decline in children's opportunities to play freely, without adult control, and especially in their opportunities to play in risky ways. Over the same 60 years we have also witnessed a continuous, gradual, but ultimately dramatic increase in all sorts of childhood mental disorders, especially emotional disorders.
Look back at that list of six categories of risky play. In the 1950s, even young children regularly played in all of these ways, and adults expected and permitted such play (even if they weren't always happy about it). Now parents who allowed such play would likely be accused of negligence, by their neighbors if not by state authorities.
From the age of 6 on, I, and all the other boys I knew, carried a jackknife. We used it not just for whittling, but also for games that involved throwing knives (never at each other).
At age 8, I recall, my friends and I spent recesses and lunch hours wrestling in the snow or grass on a steep bank near the school. We had tournaments that we arranged ourselves. No teachers or other adults paid attention to our wrestling, or, if they did, they never interfered.
When I was 10 and 11, my friends and I took all-day skating and skiing hikes on the 5-mile-long lake that bordered our northern Minnesota village. We carried matches and occasionally stopped on islands to build fires and warm ourselves, as we pretended to be brave explorers.
Also when I was 10 and 11, I was allowed to operate the big, dangerous, hand-fed printing press at the print shop where my parents worked. In fact, I often took Thursdays off from school (in fifth and sixth grades), to print the town's weekly newspaper. The teachers and principal never complained, at least not that I know of. I think they knew that I was learning more valuable lessons at the print shop than I would have at school.
Such behavior was unexceptional in the 1950s. My parents may have been a bit more trusting and tolerant than most other parents, but not by much. How much of this would be acceptable to most parents and other adult authorities today? Here's an index of how far we have moved: In a recent survey of more than a thousand parents in the United Kingdom, 43 percent believed that children under the age of 14 shouldn't be allowed outside unsupervised, and half of those believed they shouldn't be allowed such freedom until at least 16 years of age! My guess is that roughly the same would be found if that survey were conducted in the United States. Adventures that used to be normal for 6-year-olds are now not allowed even for many teenagers.
As I said, over the same period that we have seen such a dramatic decline in children's freedom to play, and especially in their freedom to embrace risk, we have seen an equally dramatic rise in all sorts of childhood mental disorders. The best evidence for this comes from the analyses of scores on standard clinical assessment questionnaires that have been given in unchanged form to normative groups of children and young adults over the decades. Such analyses reveal that five to eight times as many young people today suffer from clinically significant levels of anxiety and depression, by today's standards, than was true in the 1950s. Just as the decline in children's freedom to embrace risk has been continuous and gradual, so has the rise in children's psychopathology.
The story is both ironic and tragic. We deprive children of free, risky play, ostensibly to protect them from danger, but in the process we set them up for mental breakdowns. Children are designed by nature to teach themselves emotional resilience by playing in risky, emotion-inducing ways. In the long run, we endanger them far more by preventing such play than by allowing it. And, we deprive them of fun.
An ironic fact is that children are far more likely to injure themselves in adult-directed sports than in their own freely chosen, self-directed play. That's because the adult encouragement and competitive nature of the sports lead children to take risks— both of hurting themselves and of hurting others—that they would not choose to take in free play. It is also because they are encouraged, in such sports, to specialize, and therefore overuse specific muscles and joints. According to the latest data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, more than 3.5 million children per year under the age of 14 receive medical treatment for sports injuries. That's about 1 out of every 7 children engaged in youth sports. Sports medicine for children has become a big business, thanks to adults who encourage young pitchers to throw so hard and so often they throw out their elbows, encourage young football linemen to hit so hard they get concussions, encourage young swimmers to practice so often and hard they damage their shoulders to the point of needing surgery. Children playing for fun rarely specialize (they enjoy variety in play), and they stop when it hurts, or they change the way they are playing. Also, because it's all for fun, they take care not to hurt their playmates. Adults, who get all wrapped up in winning and may hope for eventual scholarships, work against nature's means of preventing damage.
So, we prevent children from their own, self-chosen, thrilling play, believing it dangerous when in fact it is not so dangerous and has benefits that outweigh the dangers, and then we encourage children to specialize in a competitive sport, where the dangers of injury are really quite large. It's time to reexamine our priorities.
STRAINED NECK If most of your sitting occurs at a desk at work, craning your neck forward toward a keyboard or tilting your head to cradle a phone while typing can strain the cervical vertebrae and lead to permanent imbalances. SORE SHOULDERS AND BACK The neck doesn't slouch alone. Slumping forward overextends the shoulder and back muscles as well, particularly the trapezius, which connects the neck and shoulders. Bad back INFLEXIBLE SPINE When we move around, soft discs between vertebrae expand and contract like sponges, soaking up fresh blood and nutrients. But when we sit for a long time, discs are squashed unevenly. Collagen hardens around supporting tendons and ligaments. DISK DAMAGE People who sit more are at greater risk for herniated lumbar disks. A muscle called the psoas travels through the abdominal cavity and, when it tightens, pulls the upper lumbar spine forward. Upper-body weight rests entirely on the ischial tuberosity (sitting bones) instead of being distributed along the arch of the spine. To read entire article, please click on the link above the illustration.
The research about chiropractic care is growing. According to the Annals of Internal Medicine, recent studies show that spinal manipulative therapy performed by a chiropractor, along with exercise, relieve neck pain more effectively than medication.
"How safe are the vigorous neck manipulations done by chiropractors?" attempted to shed light on the importance of shared decision making between a doctor and his or her patient—a standard that should apply to every treatment regardless of the provider.
Chiropractic services have outperformed all other spinal pain treatments, including prescription pain medication, according to national consumer satisfaction surveys, while the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has classified prescription pain medication abuse as an epidemic in the United States. Any treatment in health care has its risks; however cervical manipulation is far safer than other more invasive procedures.
As a result, approximately 27 million people in the U.S. seek the care of a doctor of chiropractic (DC) each year. DCs have doctoral-level graduate training in diagnosis and treatment. Professional standards dictate employing best efforts that enable patients to make informed choices regarding proposed treatment. DCs rely on the largest research study, which determined there is no cause-and-effect relation between neck manipulation and cervical artery dissection leading to stroke.
Let's focus on patient-centered, integrated treatment options that improve the quality and safety of spinal pain management.
Visit the ACA's website for more patient information or read the research study mentioned in the letter by clicking the links above the illustration.