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Paul Thorn
Southern Gothic Troubadour
Wed Jul 24 • 9PM
"More of a revival than a concert."
– KDHX
Paul Thorn has battled four-time world champion boxer Roberto Duran on national television, signed with a major label, performed on stages with Bonnie Raitt, Mark Knopfler, Sting, and John Prine, and made some of the most emotionally restless yet relatable music of our time.
With 20 years of writing, touring, and entertaining under his belt, he shows no sign of slowing down with his new record, Don't Let the Devil Ride, breaking genre barriers and topping charts, putting a new twist on his already-entertaining live show.
Learn More: http://www.paulthorn.com
Chart-topping 70's Country Rock
Blues Beatles
Brazilian Beatles Reinvention
9:30PM • $25/20/15
Nikki Hill Band
"Feline Roots" Tour
Punk Soul & Supercharged Blues


Personalised Cosmetics or Wash Bag embroidered with text of your choice.
Personalised Cosmetics or Wash Bag embroidered with text of your choice. Black cotton canvas zip up accessories case which is useful for makeup, cosmetics, toiletries, art supplies, traveling and more. Custom embroidered with a name, nickname or business name in a thread colour of your choice in a swish celebrity signature style font.


As part of the 'Everyday Telford – Pride in Your Community' programme work will soon be starting to improve the carriageway on Muxton Lane. Resurfacing and patching works will commence on Friday 27th February and should be completed by Friday 6th March. Please be aware that this work is weather dependant.
This entry was posted in Events on February 18, 2015 by barnfred.
This entry was posted in Events on June 12, 2014 by barnfred.


Fireplaces & Stove Backings- Fireplaces and stoves can represent both a picture of strength and warmth in your home. A fireplace is a great gathering spot for friends and family and can provide the perfect reading or relaxing spot on a cold winter night. Fireplaces can also stand out as the unique centerpiece to a room, and Designer Properties thrives on building the most beautiful and breathtaking fireplaces you can dream.
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Landscaping with Stone- Using stone in commonly visited areas outside your home can add beauty to any landscape. Stone can be used to sculpt any formed landscape to feel natural. Stone can also be used to accent any gathering area, and looks especially good around patios and walkways.
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"Dear Colleague, Are You Independent Enough?" The Fate of the Principle of Mutual Trust in Case of Systemic Deficiencies in a Member State's System of Justice
By Cecilia Rizcallah*
*Research Fellow at the Belgian National Fund For Scientific Research (F.R.S.-FNRS). The author wishes to thank Pr. S. Van Drooghenbroeck. The usual disclaimer applies.
Advocate General Tanchev delivered, a few days ago, his opinion in the case C-216/18 PPU concerning a set of European Arrest Warrants (EAWs) issued against LM, suspected of drug trafficking, by the Polish Authorities. The case concerns a reference for a preliminary ruling made by the Irish High Court, which questions the European Court of Justice (ECJ) on the obligation to execute a EAW when the "conditions in the issuing Member State are incompatible with the fundamental right to a fair trial because the system of justice itself in the issuing Member State is no longer operating under the rule of law".
Context of the case
This case emerges in the context of the "rule of law crisis", resulting from recent reforms threatening EU's founding values in some Member states including, among others, Poland. The Venice Commission together with other organisations have indeed observed the existence of serious breaches of the rule of law, notably due to the reform of its judiciary which highly undermines its independency. Ensuing this crisis and the lack of improvement of the situation in Poland, the Commission issued, in December 2017, a reasoned proposal in accordance with Article 7(1) TEU proposing to the Council to assert the existence of a clear risk of a serious breach of the rule of law in Poland.
No concrete action has yet been taken pursuant to this opinion, notably because of the heavy conditions laid down in Article 7 and the lack of other proper tools to react to such events. Brussels has thus until now been unable to offer a collective and efficient response to this crisis and the first consequences on EU integration begin to pop up. The ECJ in that respect ruled two weeks ago that Poland had breached the Railway Safety Directive (Directive 2001/14/EC) because of the lack of independency of its investigating body of railway undertakings and infrastructures. It is now the turn of the mechanism of the EAW to face the difficulties triggered by the rule of law crisis in one of the Member States.
As a reminder, the European Arrest Warrant mechanism, enshrined in the Council Framework Decision of 13 June 2002 (hereafter the Framework decision), relies upon the principle of mutual trust, which presumes the respect by all the Member States of EU founding values listed in Article 2 TEU, including the rule of law and human rights. This presumption justifies the quasi-automaticity of the execution of EAWs, and prevents in principle the control of the respect of fundamental rights by the executing Member State. The executing national authority has to "trust" the admissibility of EAWs issued by its peers.
According to the settled case-law of the ECJ, the grounds for non-execution of a EAW are exhaustively listed in the Framework Decision and must be restrictively construed because of the principle of mutual trust. Yet, fundamental rights are not explicitly included among the grounds for refusal in the Framework decision. Relying upon the principle of mutual trust and for the sake of the EAW mechanism's effectiveness, the ECJ has long been reluctant to allow national courts to control the respect of fundamental rights when requested to execute a EAW.
A first breach was nevertheless opened by the Aranyosi and Căldăraru judgment (discussed here), where the ECJ considered that, in very exceptional circumstances, the execution of a EAW may be postponed when the individual would face a real risk of inhuman or degrading treatment in the issuing Member State in case of surrender because of the detention conditions in this country. It developed a two-step approach to determine the existence of such risk: first, the executing authority must be "in possession of evidence of a real risk of inhuman or degrading treatment of individuals detained in the issuing Member State" (§89) and, "whenever the existence of such a risk is identified, it is then necessary that the executing judicial authority make a further assessment, specific and precise, of whether there are substantial grounds to believe that the individual concerned will be exposed to that risk because of the conditions for his detention envisaged in the issuing Member State" (§92).
According to the Court, the requested authority must, to that end, "request of the judicial authority of the issuing Member State that there be provided as a matter of urgency all necessary supplementary information on the conditions in which it is envisaged that the individual concerned will be detained in that Member State" pursuant to Article 15(2) of the Framework Decision (§95).
The question in C-216/18 PPU
The question posed in Case C-216/18 was whether the rule of law crisis and the systemic deficiencies in the Polish judicial system could justify the refusal of execution of a EAW issued by this Member State. More precisely, the Irish judge asked the ECJ whether the Aranyosi and Căldăraru double test leading to the suspension of EAWs' execution should apply in case of systemic breach of the rule of law. This case thus appears to be an occasion to the ECJ to provide some of the missing pieces in the puzzle of tolerated limitations to the principle of mutual trust.
Unlike the Aranyosi and Căldăraru case, the question raised in the case C-216/18 concerns structural deficiencies in a Member State's system of justice and risk of breaches of a non-absolute right, the right to a fair trial (Article 47 of the Charter). Sensitive issues are moreover at stake, in relation to the controversial reforms adopted in Poland. Political reactions have not been slow in coming.
The Advocate General's opinion
A few days ago, the Advocate General Tanchev issued its opinion which, in a nutshell, pleads for the adoption of the Aranyosi and Căldăraru double test in the case at hand. The Advocate General started its reasoning by differentiating the assessment that should, according to him, be applied in the present case and the one that should be carried out by the Council under Article 7(1) TEU. Indeed, "the referring court asks the Court of Justice whether, in order for it to be required to postpone the execution of a European arrest warrant, it is sufficient for it to find that 'conditions in the issuing Member State are incompatible with the fundamental right to a fair trial because the system of justice itself [of that Member State] is no longer operating under the rule of law" (§39).
The Court is therefore, according to the Advocate General, not asked about the consequences of breach of the value constituted by the rule of law, but about consequences of breach of the right to a fair trial. By this statement, the Advocate General offers an appealing way-out allowing the ECJ not to generally pronounce itself generally on the current sensitive political issue of the rule of law crisis in Poland. This finding moreover seems in compliance with the will of the treaties, Article 269 TFEU excluding the competence of the ECJ to rule on the legality of the acts adopted under Article 7 TEU, except for procedural concerns.
In the opinion of the Advocate General, different consequences must moreover be triggered from the activation of Article 7 and from the Aranyosi and Căldăraru judgement. On the one hand, the finding, in a specific case, of the existence of a real risk of breach of the prohibition of inhuman or degrading treatment obliges the executing judicial authority to postpone the execution of the EAW at issue. On the other hand, the suspension of the whole EAW system in respect of a Member State may only occur if the Council so decides, pursuant Article 7 (3) TEU, on the basis of the existence of a breach, and not of a mere risk of breach, of EU founding values (recital 10 of the Framework decision).
After these preliminary observations, the Advocate General continued its reasoning by sketching out the way the Aranyosi and Căldăraru test should be applied in the case at hand. First, he addressed the question of the possibility to postpone the execution of a EAW for protecting non-absolute rights. According to him, the fact that only limitations on the principle of mutual trust have hitherto been accepted in the light of Article 4 of the Charter does not precludes a similar conclusion when other rights, such as the right to a fair trial, are at stake (§58). Nevertheless, given the importance of the principle of mutual trust, "it is not sufficient that there is a real risk of breach of the second paragraph of Article 47 of the Charter in the issuing Member State" (emphasis added, the Advocate General interestingly did not use the word "restriction" but "breach").
The postponing of an EAW may only occur when there exists a "real risk of breach not of the right to a fair trial but of the essence of that right" (§76) amounting to "a flagrant denial of justice" (§80). Having regard to the independence of the judiciary, the Advocate General underlined that "the lack of independence and impartiality of a tribunal can be regarded as amounting to a flagrant denial of justice only if it is so serious that it destroys the fairness of the trial" (§93). Assessing the existence of such risk, the executing judicial authority must "rely on information which is objective, reliable, specific and properly updated on the conditions prevailing in the issuing Member State, and which demonstrates that there are deficiencies affecting the Polish system of justice" (§95), such as the Venice Commission's reports or the Commission's reasoned opinion.
Yet, in the Advocate General's opinion, such finding is however not sufficient for deciding the postponing of a EAW. The executing judicial authority must, moreover, ascertain that "in the case in point", the individual concerned will be exposed to that risk (§104), by examining the particular circumstances relating either to that person or to the offence (113). It should notably be ascertained whether the individual is a "political opponent or whether he is a member of a social or ethnic group that is discriminated against" and/or if "the offence for which the individual concerned is being prosecuted is political in nature or whether the powers that be have made public declarations concerning that offence or its punishment" (§113). The burden of proof shall lie on the individual concerned (§115). In the assessment of the individual risks faced by the requested person, the executing judge must moreover request, from the issuing judicial authority, all necessary supplementary information on the basis of Article 15(2) of the Framework Decision "concerning, first, legislation adopted after the Commission's reasoned proposal and the opinions of the Venice Commission and, second, the particular features relating to the individual concerned and to the nature of the offence that would be liable to expose him to the real risk of flagrant denial of justice identified" (§128). Eventually and "in the light of the information obtained" the executing judicial authority must execute the warrant if it considers that the person subject to the EAW does not run a real risk of suffering a flagrant denial of justice in the issuing Member State or, on the contrary, postpone its execution if such risk exist (§§130 – 131).
In spite of current events attesting the serious endangerment of EU founding values in several Member States, the Advocate General's opinion sounds like a plea for the safeguard at any price of a – yet no longer existing – trust between Member States. It calls for a few comments.
First, the Advocate General pleads for distinguishing the examination of the existence of a rule of law crisis which systematically threatens the independence of the Polish judiciary and the assessment of the respect of the right to a fair trial in Poland. It is true that both procedures differ from their nature, one being political the other judicial as well from their object, one concerning the serious and persistent breach of the EU's founding values and the other the right to a fair trial. Nevertheless, the risks in terms of Human rights in the case at hand precisely result from the systemic violation of the value of the rule of law. The alleged risks do not consist in a punctual breach of the right to a fair trial in relation to the specific case at hand, but in structural deficiencies in the Polish judicial system presenting risks for the fairness of its trials. If both assessments differ in their nature, their object must, in our view, not be addressed in isolation. According to the Advocate General, both procedures do also trigger different consequences. It is only if the Council observes the breach – and not the mere existence of a risk of breach – of EU founding values that the EAW mechanism could possibly be suspended. This finding suggests low likelihood that the EAW procedure would ever be suspended given the inefficiency of the Article 7 procedure, attested by recent events, as well as the poor probability to reach the required unanimity at the Council.
Secondly, the systemic character of the judicial system's deficiencies does not suffice in the view of the Advocate General to justify the non-execution of Polish EAWs. Relying upon the ruling in Aranyosi and Căldăraru, he considers that a refusal to surrender an individual may only occur when (i) there exists a risk of breach of the right to a fair trial's essential content amounting to a flagrant denial of justice and (ii) the requested person individually faces the risk to be subject to this breach. In relation to the first condition, the Advocate General thus clearly gives priority to the principle of mutual trust over the protection of fundamental rights, since not any breach of these rights could compromise in his view the execution of a EAW. This finding contrasts with the ECJ's ruling in Tupikas, where it held that "the principles of mutual trust and recognition on which that Framework Decision is based must not in any way undermine the fundamental rights guaranteed to the persons concerned" (emphasis added), as well as the Framework Decision's preamble, which underlines that it respects fundamental freedoms.
The Advocate General refers to the ECtHR case law about extradition procedures in order to reach this conclusion. The ECtHR indeed several times relied upon the "flagrant denial of justice" concept in order to determine the responsibility of a Contracting Party which indirectly enabled or gave effect to the breach of important components of fundamental freedoms by third parties (see, for instance, ECtHR 26 June 1992, Drozd and Janousek v. France and Spain, § 110,). Nevertheless, it is worth nothing that the case-law on this issue is not consistent, as shown by the judgment in Pellegrini v Italy where the fact that the judgment was rendered by a third party – the Vatican – justified, according to this to the ECHR, a full control of the respect of Article 6 by the executing Italian judge.
Moreover, this test was only used in regard to extradition procedures with third States, based on the reasoning that "the Convention does not govern the actions of States not Parties to it, nor does it purport to be a means of requiring the Contracting States to impose Convention standards on other States" (ECtHR 7 July 1989, Soering v. United Kingdom, § 86). Yet, the case at hand concerns the cooperation between two Member States of the Council of Europe and moreover, of the European Union. Moreover, one should wonder why violations (not mere restrictions) of Article 47 of the Charter must, for the sake of the principle of mutual trust, be accepted in the EU while this principle is precisely founded on the presumption of compliance, by all Member States, with fundamental rights as enshrined in the Charter. The ECtHR seems nevertheless to consent to the principle of mutual trust in its Avotins judgement (discussed here), at least as long as Member States are "empowered to conduct a review commensurated with the gravity of any serious allegation of a violation of fundamental rights in the State of origin, in order to ensure that the protection of those rights is not manifestly deficient" (ECtHR 23 May 2016, Avotins v. Latvia, §114). This case did not concern the EAW mechanism but the mutual recognition in civil proceedings, where guarantees contained in Article 6 apply less stringently than to criminal proceedings.
As far as the second condition is concerned, the Advocate General requires the maintenance of an individual assessment consisting in first, the examination of the nature of the alleged offence and the individual's profile and, secondly, in an exchange of information between the issuing the executing authority. He moreover considers that the burden of the proof of the risk lies on the requested individual. This is maybe the most critical part of the opinion. First, regarding the object of this assessment. The executing judge would indeed be required to postpone the execution of a EAW, according to the Advocate General, "only where it finds not only that there is a real risk of flagrant denial of justice on account of deficiencies affecting the system of justice of the issuing Member State but also that the individual concerned will be exposed to that risk".
It must in that regard consider notably the nature of the alleged offence as well as the profile of the person subject to the EAW, and especially, whether he is a political opponent or whether he is a member of a social or ethnic group that is discriminated against in the issuing country (§113). Yet, the possibility to refuse to surrender persons convicted for political offences has been especially removed from the Convention on Extradition between Member States of the European Union concluded in 1996 – when replaced by the Framework decision (see discussion here). Furthermore, requesting the individual to demonstrate the lack of independence of the tribunal in his or her specific case seems to disregard the traditional case law of the ECHR, according to which serious doubts that an individual will not benefit from a fair trial by an independent and impartial tribunal may lead to a violation of Article 6 of the ECHR (ECtHR, 25 July 2002, Sovtransavto Holding v. Ukraine, §78).
In this way, the mere existence of mechanisms enabling the executive branch of a State to influence court proceedings, even if they have not been effectively used in the case at hand, suffice, in the view of the ECtHR, to find a breach of the right to a fair trial (ECtHR, 19 April 1994, Van De Hurk v. The Netherlands, §50 and ECtHR, 25 July 2002, Sovtransavto Holding v. Ukraine, §§ 77 and 80). The approach proposed by the Advocate General also contravenes the "doctrine of appearance" (ECtHR, 17 January 1970, Delcourt v Belgium, §31 and Kress v France, 7 June 2001, §81), usually adopted by the ECtHR, which attaches great importance to "appearances and to the increased sensitivity of the public to the fair administration of justice" (ECtHR, 30 October 1991, Borgers v. Belgium, §24).
Indeed, according to this doctrine, "justice must not only be done, it must also seem to be done", and "importance should be given to the confidence which the courts in a democratic society must inspire in the public and above all, as far as criminal proceedings are concerned, in the accused" (ECtHR, 9 June 1998 Incal v. Turkey, §71). Speculations about the effective independent character of a tribunal in a specific case should thus not be needed when important deficiencies in the rule of law such as those at issue exist. The inadequacy of such test is furthermore strengthened by the way the requested judge should determine the existence of a risk of breach of the right to a fair trial. The opinion indeed proposes to require from the executing authority, before deciding upon the execution of the EAW, "to ask the necessary information to that end to the issuing judge". One may indeed wonder how a judge - whose independence is challenged – would provide reliable information on…his or her own independence!
New playground, new rules of the game?
The principle of mutual trust constitutes an important tool of EU integration, used both in the internal market and in the Area of freedom, security and justice. In relation to the EAW system, it enables effective and smooth criminal cooperation between Member States without the merging of their national criminal systems of justice nor uniformisation of their national criminal law. Nevertheless, this principle was developed on the presumption that only democratic systems, respecting EU's founding values including fundamental rights were involved. The importance of the respect of the rule of law was in that sense recently recalled by the ECJ in its case law Associação Sindical dos Juízes Portugueses (ECJ, 27 February 2018, discussed here). One must however note the lack of discipline of some Member States to comply with this value, despite numerous diplomatic attempts to stop the crisis. Should we nevertheless maintain the obligation for Member States to trust in each other's system of justice notwithstanding these events?
The principle of mutual trust, of fundamental importance to EU law, relies upon the presumption that Member States share and respect a set of common values (ECJ, 18 December 2014 Opinion 2/13, §168). Firmly upholding this principle while its foundations are undermined seems problematic. Once the playground has changed, shall the initial rules of the game be kept? Besides being as such problematic for the State concerned by the crisis, imposing mutual trust to other States entails an important risk of contagion in all the European Union since national judgments are mutually recognised. In addition, one should bear in mind the rights at stake, which include the right of judicial protection rightly referred to as "the right to have right". This right furthermore amounts to, according to the ECJ, the essence of the rule of law (ECJ, 27 February 2018, Associação Sindical dos Juízes Portugueses, §36).
Admittedly, the current "rule of law crisis" constitutes first and foremost a political issue that has to be dealt with by political bodies such as the Council as provided by Article 7 TEU. Nonetheless, the ECJ must ensure the respect of EU law and, in particular, of the Charter of Fundamental Rights which is part of primary law. When construing the Framework Decision, the Court shall therefore – at least theoretically – ensure the respect of EU Fundamental Rights and in particular of the right to an effective judicial protection. In our view, the principle of mutual trust, being it a fundamental principle, shall not justify restrictions to fundamental rights that do not respect the conditions laid down in Article 52 of the Charter which not only requires the respect of the essential content of fundamental rights, but, also, a more general proportionality assessment.
Barnard & Peers: chapter 9
JHA4 : chapter II :3
Photo credit : Human Rights Watch
Labels: Advocate-General, criminal law, EAW, mutual recognition, mutual trust, national constitutions, Poland, rule of law
is the law on family members still in force.im a british citizen.residing in philippines and wanting to take my wife and child age9 to live in uk.it states they do not need a visa to enter uk.my requests to embassy etc are being ignored.thank you
Steve Peers 4 October 2019 at 00:43
The UK is still a Member State so EU law applies to it, but the entry into the UK of UK citizens' non-EU family members coming from non-EU countries is not affected by EU law.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Cruise tourism is a form of entertainment but can also cause big problems for those not using it for recreational purposes. This applies mainly to local citizens of top tourist destinations that are increasingly dissatisfied with the masses of tourists gathering in their cities.
One of the first to tackle this issue was Croatian port city Dubrovnik. In Venice, Valletta and elsewhere, similar measures limiting cruise tourism are discussed, and Bergen in Norway is also planning to reduce the number of ships.
Bergen is a city with over 200,000 inhabitants. It is a historic old town with the UNESCO-protected Hanseatic district of Bryggen. However, cruise ships are very popular in the city, causing various problems – over-tourism, traffic jams, smog issues directly influenced by the giant ships. In addition, prices of goods in the center, especially at the touristy fish market, have risen to uncontrollable levels.
This is too much for the city authorities. Last week, cruise ships start-up permits were capped for the second year in a row. Only a year ago, the city council, the port and tourism authorities agreed that a maximum of four cruise ships a day with a total of no more than 9000 people may enter. From 2019, this will be reduced to three ships with a maximum of 8000 passengers.
The basis for the renewed push by the political authorities in Bergen is a study conducted by Menon Economics. According to this report, the average expenditure per cruise passenger in Bergen amounts to a remarkable 1090 crowns (about US$ 128). But one third of the expenditure accounts for 3% of the passengers. After deducting this, the average spending is still around 700 crowns (about US$ 82).
These are still considerable sums of money, considering the amounts of passengers. Only a comparatively small number of companies profit from this. Some politicians prefer to have an electrification of the port, rather than limitations. The majority, however, are worried about the quality of life and believe that Bergen is not a place for mass tourism and that it should focus on quality rather than quantity.
Tourism Review Media – the leading multilingual platform since 2006. Our vision is simple - think globally, act locally.


There's so much to experience in Britain's Ocean City, so why not stay for more than just the day. Indulge in the luxury of a five star country-side retreat, enjoy total independance at a serviced apartment or feel at home in one of the many cosy bed and breakfasts.
Quintessentially English, situated on the edge of the idyllic Dartmoor National Park and just five minutes from Plymouth, the 5-star Boringdon Hall Hotel features fantastic historic interiors and elegant rooms.
The hotel boasts 135 guest rooms, a fitness suite, on-site parking (chargeable) and over 400 sqm of event space, making it ideal for business and family trips. Their popular restaurant, 50 Degrees North , best known for its Chef's modern take on the local cuisine, draws in guests and locals alike. The also offers a selection of fine wines and delicious bar bites.
The Crowne Plaza Plymouth features stunning waterfront views and is surrounded by the grassy open spaces of Plymouth Hoe. This modern hotel offers extensive facilities and boasts the Marco Pierre White Steakhouse and Grill, a leisure club with a heated 15 meter indoor pool and outside sun deck and impressive conference and function rooms and lounge spaces.
The renowned and sophisticated "world class" Royal William Yard, a unique Grade 1* listed former Navy buildings are located on the entrance of the River Tamar; picture perfect and dramatic with a sense of smooth urbanity.
Drakes Wharf holiday apartments are beautifully designed, with state of the art modern kitchens and bathrooms. They are well equipped with everything for today's holidaymaker to relax and unwind, a business break, or to entertain guests. For the ultimate getaway, come and see Plymouth to experience the rich combination of maritime heritage surrounded by the natural beauty of Dartmoor, South Hams and Cornwall.
Langdon Court is one of Devons most beautiful Historic Manor Houses dating from the 16th century. Set in the beautiful rolling South Hams countryside, within walking distance of Wembury Cove and The National Trust coastal pathway and only a 15 minute drive to Plymouth.
Experience glamping 'Cornwall Style' with bespoke shepherd's huts made by Plankbridge the premier shepherd hut supplier.
Beautifully crafted, the shepherds huts are ideally suited to family glamping holidays for up to four. Situated within historic Mount Edgcumbe Country Park in Cornwall, but still only 15 minutes away from the heart of Plymouth City Centre, these handsome huts sit on a hilltop overlooking Plymouth Naval Yard and the entire city and its environs.
There's something to suit all needs on the Bovisands Lodge Estate. On a self catering bases enjoy historical Grade 2 listed Heritage apartments, the luxury wooden lodges or mobile holiday homes. The ideal retreat for people who want to escape, relax and enjoy the outdoor countryside with direct access to the beach, the magnificent indoor heated swimming pool and SW Coastal path, this wonderful beachside location offers peace and tranquillity in a beautiful natural environment, with an abundance of wildlife.
Located in the historic Royal William Yard, this stunning Grade I listed building has been lovingly restored and now boasts 14 stylish bedrooms with periodic architectural charm. The Rooms are perfectly located for exploring the Yard and Plymouth's incredible waterfront.
This grade two listed building, over 150 years old, seek to offer affordable luxury in the centre of Plymouth, adjacent to the Plymouth Pavilions and just minutes away from Plymouth's historic waterfront – the hotel is the perfect location for business and pleasure.


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Arts & CultureTelevision
'Pose' revisits controversial AIDS protest inside St. Patrick's Cathedral
Michael J. O'LoughlinJune 21, 2019
Mj Rodriguez in "Pose" | Photo by Jojo Whilden © Copyright FX Networks
On the Season Two premiere of "Pose," the FX drama about a group of L.G.B.T. people of color living on the margins of New York City in the 1980s and '90s, activists are shown protesting inside New York's St. Patrick's Cathedral. The activists, part of an organization called AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power, or Act Up, targeted institutions that they believed hindered progress in fighting the spread of H.I.V. and finding a cure for AIDS. Among them were pharmaceutical companies, Wall Street banks, the Reagan administration and the Catholic Church.
On Dec. 10, 1989, Act Up demonstrated against Cardinal John O'Connor's political efforts to stymie gay rights legislation and the archdiocese's opposition to the teaching of safer-sex methods in Catholic and or in public schools during the height of the AIDS crisis in the United States. The protest remains one of the largest ever staged against the church: more than 4,500 people participated, and over 100 were arrested by New York police.
Listen to America's newest podcast "Plague: Untold Stories of AIDS and the Catholic Church" here.
"Pose," which highlights the experiences of African-American and Latino transgender women, is based in part on the 1990 documentary "Paris is Burning." The series is set in New York's "ballroom culture," an L.G.B.T. underground scene where people "walk," or compete in balls. These balls famously gave birth to "voguing." The series, which has already been renewed for a third season, tracks the journey of Blanca, played by Mj Rodriguez, as she forms her family, composed of other members of the L.G.B.T. community and known as the House of Evangelista. The first season focuses on the complex lives of those who competed in the voguing competitions. The second season focuses on the H.I.V. and AIDS crisis of the early 1990s and the political and societal prejudices members of the L.G.B.T. community faced.
"Pose," which highlights the experiences of African-American and Latino transgender women, is based in part on the 1990 documentary "Paris is Burning."
The season premiere, "Acting Up," begins with Blanca and the ballroom M.C. Pray Tell, played by Billy Porter, visiting Hart Island, where hundreds of people who died of AIDS-related complications in the 1980s and 1990s are said to be buried, their bodies isolated from others. Blanca and Pray Tell, upset by the indignity they witness as burial crews lower pine boxes into a mass grave, pledge to step up their efforts to bring attention to the plight of people with H.I.V. and AIDS.
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Part of that commitment is participating in the Act Up protest at St. Patrick's, which the show sets in 1990 (a year late) and which is filmed in a church interior that is not St. Patrick's. But many other details about the protest scene are true to history.
Act Up called the protest "Stop the Church." In addition to members of Act Up, members of the Women's Health Action Mobilization joined in, protesting in favor of access to abortion. This particular protest was just one in a string of rallies aimed at the cardinal in the 1980s. The Catholic L.G.B.T. group Dignity protested the cardinal for months in 1987, upset that he evicted the group from worshipping at St. Francis Xavier Church in Manhattan.
"Pose" recreates an Act Up meeting to plan the protest, with a character arguing, "The Catholic Church has spent millions of dollars putting the false message into the world that condoms don't work and that abstinence is the only way to fight HIV. That is a lie." Claiming that Cardinal O'Connor influenced the policies of Pope John Paul II, the activist continues, "We will not allow his racist, sexist, homophobic ideologies to affect the health of every single person on this planet!" The assembly erupts into a chant, "Fight AIDS! Act up! Fight back!"
The Protest in Real Life
Act Up's decision to protest inside St. Patrick's was more controversial within the group itself than "Pose" shows. Some members argued that the protest's target was the cardinal, not the worshipers inside; they suggested the group not disturb the Mass. But others said that attracting attention to their cause was more important than not causing offense. They argued that entering the church would make the media notice and perhaps change some minds about the need to step up the nation's fight against AIDS. By this point, nearly 20,000 New Yorkers, and close to 60,000 Americans overall, had died from AIDS. No cure was in sight and prejudice from nearly every sector of society was still common.
As something of a compromise, Act Up decided that people who wished to protest inside the church would enter, dressed conservatively to blend into the congregation, and stage a silent "die-in" during the homily, which they considered the most political, and least sacred, part of the service.
During the homily, protesters threw themselves onto the floor of the central aisle, symbolizing those who had died from AIDS.
Church officials were tipped off to the protest, and plainclothes police were seated inside the cathedral for the 10:15 morning Mass. Political leaders, including Mayor Ed Koch, attended as a show of support to the cardinal.
Members of Act Up passed out decoy programs to worshippers, designed to look like the real thing, but instead of hymns and readings, they contained information about H.I.V. and pleas for support in their mission. During the homily, protesters threw themselves onto the floor of the central aisle, symbolizing those who had died from AIDS.
In an effort to wrest control from the protesters, Cardinal O'Connor urged the congregation to pray. Sensing that the protest was losing steam, Act Up member Michael Petrelis stood on a pew, blew a whistle and began shouting, "You're killing us!" The church organist played loudly, trying to drown out the protesters. Pandemonium broke out. Police moved in, arresting more than 40 people inside the church, carrying some of them out on stretchers.
Years later, Mr. Petrellis said he had "no regrets" about his role in turning the protest from a silent die-in into something more rambunctious.
While the legacy of Cardinal O'Connor, who died in 2000, is controversial, countless Catholic sisters and brothers, priests and laypeople worked on the front lines during the AIDS crisis.
"It was liberating," he told me. "For me, standing up in the church, blowing the whistle, the screaming, was my reclaiming my spirituality from the hatred of the church."
Perhaps the most controversial part of "Stop the Church," which was not dramatized in "Pose" but which dominated headlines following the protest, was when, during Communion, the Act Up protester Thomas Keane took the host from his hand, crumbled it and threw the pieces on the floor. He then lay on the floor so that the Eucharistic minister had to step over him to continue distributing Communion. He was later arrested following his part in the protest.
In a 2015 interview with the Act Up Oral History Project, Keane said that even though he had been raised Catholic, he did not quite understand the importance of the Eucharist to believers. "[I]t wasn't premeditated, and I think if I had thought through things more I maybe would not have done it, but I don't feel any regret, really," he said.
The dramatization of the Act Up protest in "Pose" shows only a tiny bit of the Catholic Church's role in the history of H.I.V. and AIDS. While the legacy of Cardinal O'Connor, who died in 2000, is controversial, countless Catholic sisters and brothers, priests and laypeople worked on the front lines during the AIDS crisis. Still, the cardinal, perhaps the last of the highly politically influential prelates to lead the church in New York City, campaigned against L.G.B.T. nondiscrimination laws. He prohibited the teaching of safer-sex methods, including the use of condoms, in Catholic schools, and though he called for an end to violence against gay people, he described "homosexual behavior" as "sinful." His supporters point out, however, that Cardinal O'Connor also oversaw a Catholic health care system that included some of the first centers in New York to treat people with H.I.V. and AIDS, including St. Vincent's Hospital and St. Clare's Hospital, where he made regular visits to patients.
"Act Up's decision to protest inside St. Patrick's was more controversial within the group itself than "Pose" shows."
As for the efficacy of the protest, Sarah Schulman, a playwright and novelist who is working on a history of Act Up, told me earlier this year for an article in The Daily Beast that though public opinion initially turned against Act Up, people ultimately came around.
"In the moment, I was horrified that all this had happened," she said. "But it turned out that it was one of our best actions. It was covered all over the world."
Now, 30 years after it happened, "Stop the Church," which was previously the subject of a controversial 1991 documentary that aired on some PBS stations, has been dramatized on one of television's most critically acclaimed shows.
More: TV / LGBT
Michael J. O'Loughlin is the national correspondent for America.
@MikeOLoughlin
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Comments are automatically closed two weeks after an article's initial publication. See our comments policy for more.
G Reeder-Ferreira
Those were some of the darkest times in LGBT history. Being told that getting HIV was God's punishment for being gay and straight people didn't have to worry about contracting the disease. People were timid and agreed with every and any viewpoint coming from Christianity, and many paid deeply for that. Life is shown as complicated and frantic in this scene with divergent views. I love the show of confidence and strength and how they chose to be noticed and carry a definite opinion of redemption! Bravo!! Love Pose!
Their behaviour at Saint Patrick's was disgraceful. Also, I don't find it shocking that Cardinal O'Connor described gay sex as sinful. That may not be the view at America, but it is the teaching of the Catholic Church.
"The Catholic Church has spent millions of dollars putting the false message into the world that condoms don't work and that abstinence is the only way to fight HIV. That is a lie."
That comment is not only categorically false but time has proven it to be more true now than when uttered back then. The only guaranteed way for gay men to not get HIV is to abstain from anal sex. That or a monogamous relationship. PrEP/ Truvada with condoms also provides a high degree of protection but that requires daily compliance of taking Truvada, which is at best 50% with gay men who take PrEP/Truvada to prevent HIV when sexually active
But others said that attracting attention to their cause was more important than not causing offense. They argued that entering the church would make the media notice and perhaps change some minds about the need to step up the nation's fight against AIDS
To understand ACTUP (started in 1987) one only need to become familiar with the life of its founder Larry Kramer, an American playwright and film producer. Larry hated his parents, his brother Arthur and he were continually at war until the latter died in 2008, and Larry was habitually in mental crisis including suicidal attempts (during his years at Yale with an overdose with aspirin), failing student at Yale, hospital admission due to anxiety attacks from his plays failing ("Just Say No", 1988), depression, even writing about his dysfunctional relationships in his plays (Sissies' Scrapbook, 1973). Kramer is a tortured soul and redirected his inner turmoil by creating ACTUP. Yale rejected his donation offer of millions of dollars for gay studies in 1997. "Arenson, Karen W: Playwright Is Denied A Final Act; Writing Own Script, Yale Refuses Kramer's Millions for Gay Studies", NY Times, July 9, 1997). Kramer has always been a frustrated, conflicted man and that is on him. His Jewish roots were an opportunity to seek inner peace and live in God's love, but he rejected Judaism as well.
While the legacy of Cardinal O'Connor, who died in 2000, is controversial...
There is nothing controversial about Cdl O'Connor. ACTUP was created by Larry Kramer in 1987 as a group of angry men showing misplaced, radical aggression who accomplished nothing other than being an eyesore for HIV. ACTIP eventually disbanded 7 years later in 1994 due to the members habitually denouncing each other and warring against national ACTUP chapters
https://web.archive.org/web/20090117015600/http://www.sfweekly.com/content/printVersion/306128
To describe them as the ANTIFA of today would be very accurate: radical, violent, attention seeking left wing political group of no consequence
Attention seeking behavior is not virtuous behavior. Medical scientists then had a poor understanding of HIV, but gay men wanted answers anyways and used violence to display their anger at the Catholic Church and President Ronald Reagan. Nancy and Ronald Reagan were close friends with closeted gay actors who had HIV like Rock Hudson. ACTUP has portrayed the Reagans as the faces of evil when it comes to HIV but in reality they greatly loved and supported their gay friends who had HIV.
There was little agreement amongst global scientists on the molecular and genetic mechanisms of HIV during the 1980s till the late 1990s/early 2000s with the advent of HIV drugs known as Protease Inhibitors. Even today the scientific data is evolving on HIV but that hasn't stimulated much caution with sexually active gay men. HIV rates continue to rise in America particularly with young gay men under the age of 25. The problem with HIV then is the same today and applies to heterosexuals: abstinence or monogamous relationships. It really is that simple.
Michael O'Loughlin did a disservice in his article to HIV positive people like me.
Dimitri Cavalli
Excellent response!
A few facts:
1) Not all sex acts are equally safe with condoms, which are designed for vaginal intercourse and less effective in preventing AIDS transmission when used during oral and anal sex.
2) ACT-UP and public health officials found hope with condoms with nonoxynol-9, which kills HIV in high doses in test tubes. About 15 years ago, condoms with nonoxynol-9 were taken off the market because nonoxynol-9 also kills human cells and actually increased the risk of transmission.
3) Activists had a point about the FDA delaying new medications to treat AIDS, but the delays weren't caused by Reagan who wanted to see gay men die. The 1962 Kefauver law, passed in response to the thalidomide tragedy, increased the FDA's approval of new medications from a few months to nearly 10 years. Did ACT-UP ever attack Ralph Nader and the consumer safety movement?
MJ is so beautiful in that picture.
It's really sad to see a once great Catholic magazine now whitewashing a vile anti-Catholic organization such as ACT-UP.
What makes the anti-Israel protest outside of Geneva's largest synagogue in 2014, https://www.jta.org/2014/08/19/israel/anti-israel-protesters-target-synagogue-in-geneva , and the protest outside of a Phoenix mosque in 2015, https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2015/05/30/protest-heated-peaceful-phoenix-mosque/28199545/ than ACT-UP's protests at Catholic institutions (St. Patrick's wasn't the only one)?
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text:
Chloe's betrayal could be proof of her relationship with Scott being purely sexual
Thread: Chloe's betrayal could be proof of her relationship with Scott being purely sexual
Duneknight
Im just throwing this out there, but i found it strange that she didnt confine with Scott about the coup beforehand, and she didnt stick with the military side which wouldve seemed reasonable in her case considering that she had a supposedly strong relationship with a soldier. i know she seemed a little naive about it but really, she might as well be made out of stone to be able to fully betray Scott in that manner. the only explanation i can think of at the moment is that their relationship mightve been purely sexual, nothing concrete. dont get me wrong, one of the best scenes in Divided was how Scott reacted to what Chloe did. and i think Scott deserved it a little maybe for doing the same to other women maybe. so Chloe taking the opposite side of Scott isi big Ouch!
Osiristi
Re: Chloe's betrayal could be proof of her relationship with Scott being purely sexua
Do couples always share the same political view? Can't a democrat marry a republican? Even though the coup situation is a bit more dire, the basic idea is the same.
She Distracted Eli, At just the right moment.
Then lied about it later on when he figured it out.
They're just friends so next level is Scott but she didn't want him to die and knew exactly where to run to .
To rush (or Rush) to stop the transfer of systems, to able the docking clamps to engage. Didn't appear to take her much time to get to the alt command place did it.
"Do couples always share the same political view?" Nope. Though, " Hello honey, by the way we're planning a coup tomorrow and you could starve or dehydrate or find yourself gasping for air, and dying along with your friends.Well anyway , have a nice day "
Is slightly different then voting a different party in a election. well atleast at the moment happily =)
Last edited by Telemachus; April 14th, 2010 at 05:52 AM.
Republibot 3.0
No doubt about it: Chloe had been working with Rush/Camille for some time leading up to this. That goes way beyond 'differing political views.' While she may have thought it was similar to the Democrat/Republican split (And Rush seems to be trying to imply it is), this is more like a coup d'etat.
I don't think her relationship with Scott is purely sexual, at least not for Scott himself. The actor said in an interview that he was under the impression Scott has only been with three women in his life, and Chloe's the third.
"With my by myself."
Or she just didn't tell Scott because she knew precisely what he'd do with said information. It's not a shocker to see that he sided with Young. I wouldn't say their relationship is particularly strong, but it doesn't follow that it's purely sexual simply because of what Chloe did in "Divided".
Sig by Pandora's Box
Defenders of Chloe
Deevil
I can't help but wonder if we would be talking 'betrayal' if Chloe had of told Scott about the coup and he reported it to Young. Not - that would be him doing his job - right?
Seriously, Chloe is allowed (and personal encouraged) to have independent thoughts. These thoughts and feelings do not have to correspond with Scott's. She does not have to believe that Young should be in charge and she can actively work towards that without Scott's say so. Without it being a betrayal.
Disclaimer: All opinions stated within this post are relevant to the author herself, and do not in any way represent the opinions of God, Country, The Powers That Be or Greater Fandom.
Any resemblance to aforementioned opinions are purely coincidental.
Originally Posted by Coronach
This, completely this.
I'd also like to throw out a big "who cares if it's a sexual relationship?" In what possible way does that matter?
To quote DigiFluid above me, "This, completely this."
Can't green you unfortunately. But I will note that maybe she turned to Rush because she kinda felt a bond with him. Doesn't make her and Scott all about the sex (Would he have told her about his kid back home and would she have stuck with him if that was so? I kinda doubt that), it just makes out that she decided to side with a guy who saved her. A guy who told her about Young leaving him behind on the Justice Planet... and then she chose. Simple as that.
Kinda sorta maybe sorta.
This is what the actor's say the relationship is
Space/Divided spoilers
Earth... alas =)
Chloe's behavior surprised me, I admit. She complained (a lot) about her uselessness, supposedly suffered from her unoccupied and purposeless life, then turned her back to (or at least, didn't support) one man, in whose life she had meant something. I wonder what did Rush tell her? What made her feel so indispensable?
Everything will be okay in the end.
If it's not okay, it's not the end.
Originally Posted by jelgate
This is what the actors say the relationship is
Yeah, that's a pretty solid interpretation for me.
Lahela
Ned Low
I'll get back to you on that...
I really like what they say about it. Kudos.
beafly
Great link.
Rush's quarters
It almost feels like the actors described Scott/Chloe relationship better than what has been on screen. Or it's just me.
I'm interested to know what storyline will Chloe have
regarding the fact that she thinks only Rush can understand what she went through.
Scott seems to be more loyal to Young than Chloe, if she told him anything it would of been a bust.
asdf1239
im wondering when theyll reveal that shes a deep cover nid agent and the whole scared out-of-depth thing was an elaborate front, it would make sgu kind of worth watching to me
R.I.P Stargate 1994-2009
Originally Posted by asdf1239
I miss the NID....
I would let Chloe have a purely sexual relationship with me and I wouldn't be offended at all!! She could betray me every day of the week and I am sure I would get over it
Probie
Chloe's betrayal is proof of nothing other than she is exceptionally naive and impressionable for someone who was presumably exposed to politics at an early age by her powerful father the senator.
I don't know how the actress sees her character (didn't bother to check the linked interview) but I know how i see her: a pouty, immature brat that has trouble foreseeing the consequences of her own actions. The shame of it all is that there was potential for more in the first episode, but it seems like she's been getting less and less substantive as the series goes on.
Regarding the coup: She bought into it as a matter of right and wrong, but didn't for a minute consider that it wouldn't go exactly as planned with nobody hurt. She didn't (in her mind) betray Scott because she naively thought that the scientists would make their demands and the military would have no recourse but to meekly submit. No one would get hurt, and afterwards the military types would simply forgive, forget, and integrate. Scott would soon enough realize that it was for the better and no problems ...
I'd call her the dumbest woman on Earth ... but she ain't here.
Hmm, don't think so. First, she went through a traumatic experience of being abducted by aliens and had lord know what done to her (yes, later on down the road she'll be pregnant by alien means - just guessing). PTSD would not be out of the question, and might influence her decisions. She does have a 'survivor' relationship now with Rush (oddly enough, a man she wanted to kill), hence, that, and the trauma, might have made her go 'okay, I'm with it.' After all, there's Young, the leader, LYING to everyone about Rush's oh-so-unfortunate demise.
Otherwise, she isn't the most mature. As pointed out, she doens't always think about the consequences of her actions. If she thinks Scott is going to greet her back with welcoming arms after this little coup, she's got another thing coming.
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Eli/Chloe/Scott Relationship Discussion
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