text:
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In many ways, vitamins and minerals are the dietary supplement category originators. While the market for nutritional products has expanded dramatically over time, the multivitamin/mineral remains the most popular product among supplement users.
Overall, according to experts, minerals in particular are gaining notable attention due to common deficiencies. Calcium tends to be a staple for long-term bone health while zinc is often known as the winter health mineral, present in popular OTC immune support products like Zycam.
On the vitamin side, when one mentions "winter colds," it's vitamin C that comes to mind. Eye health? See vitamin A. Energy? Grab some B12. And vitamin D is most often associated with bone health.
Despite the superstar status of these vitamins and minerals, Americans are not obtaining enough of many essential nutrients. According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020 (Eighth Edition), a publication from the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Americans are still not consuming enough vitamins A, C, D and E, minerals like magnesium, calcium, choline, and potassium, and iron in females from adolescence to age 50. Low intake of iron, calcium, and potassium, as well as vitamin D are of high concern, as minimal levels are strongly associated with disease risks.
This data has motivated the FDA to replace the mandatory labeling of vitamins A and C with potassium and vitamin D on nutrition labels. Calcium and iron will remain unchanged, but there is a new daily value (DV) for vitamin C based on scietific consensus. Expect to utilize 90 mg for the DV of vitamin C, an increase of 50% from the former DV of 60 mg. So if the amount in a dietary supplement, food or beverage product is going to remain at 60 mg, labeling must reflect the new DV, about 70%.
"We continue to see a steady upward trend in the dietary supplements market, and vitamins and minerals are leading the way," commented Tom Druke, marketing director, human nutrition & pharma at Balchem. According to an annual survey commissioned by the Council for Responsible Nutrition (CRN), 77% of adults in the U.S. are using dietary supplements, and 99% of these supplement users said they take vitamins and minerals. This is well above the percentage of supplement users that reported taking specialty supplements, botanicals, or sports nutrition supplements.
CRN's Consumer Survey on Dietary Supplements 2019 found that vitamins and minerals continue to be the most commonly consumed supplement category, with 76% of Americans having taken these products in the past 12 months.
Broken down into preferences, multivitamin/mineral remained the unequivocal champion at number one with 58%, followed by vitamin D (31%), and vitamin C (28%). Protein was number four, followed by the most popular mineral at the number five spot, calcium (20%). Next was B vitamins/complex at 20%.
"We find it interesting that while the dietary supplement market is constantly seeking innovation, and new ingredient trends, it is the proven, scientifically backed and well-established vitamins and minerals that are most in demand," said Druke. "Consumers are gaining more understanding of common mineral deficiencies, and the direct impacts these deficiencies can have on general well-being, and long-term health."
Samantha Ford, director of business development, AIDP, Inc., cited a Nutrition Business Journal report that stated both letter vitamins and minerals were growing at an estimated 5% in 2019, of which vitamins remain the largest segment, reaching 30% of all dietary supplement sales. Within this scope are several trends, including the growing use of B vitamins as an energy supplement in the beverage space. In addition, vitamin D sales continue to climb from strong consumer awareness, and vitamin K2 has emerged thanks to understanding about its protective benefits and complement to calcium-enriched products.
At Prinova USA, a NAGASE Group Company, vitamin and mineral ingredient formulation sales have seen "unprecedented growth" in recent years, according to Jayesh Chaudhari, senior director of R&D, driven in part by increased demand for fortified food products (e.g., meal replacement, sport nutrition drinks, infant formula, hydration beverages), and supplements like gummies, chews, and shots.
Another reason for the spike in demand, Chaudhari said, is the increased DVs for calcium, potassium, phosphorous, magnesium, manganese, and vitamins C, D, and K as mandated by the FDA.
Magnesium's Moment
According to Ford, "Magnesium is growing in the mineral space as consumers realize the importance for a variety of health conditions. It is predicted that magnesium sales will surpass calcium in the coming years. Calcium sales have flattened as more novel approaches to bone health have emerged, such as collagen and K2."
Validating Ford's observation about the emergence of magnesium, Ohad Cohen, CEO of mineral specialist Gadot Biochemicals, Ltd., commented, "Magnesium has also been overlooked for quite some time; it was a forgotten mineral. Now magnesium is well on its way to becoming top-of-mind along with calcium, iron, and zinc," he predicted.
During the past five years, Cohen added, there has been a notable increase in formulators implementing minerals into their products. "This is because consumers are becoming more aware of the importance of mineral intake and the lack of minerals in natural foods due to the use of chelate-forming pesticides that keep minerals bound in the soil in which they grow," he said.
Magtein Magnesium L-threonate (available from AIDP) is a patented compound discovered by MIT scientists with strong evidence supporting cognitive function and brain health, according to Ford, who added that Magtein is supported by several published studies reporting its mechanism of action and cognitive benefits.
For example, she pointed to a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled human clinical study published in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease in 2016. The effect of Magtein on cognitive ability was evaluated in four major domains: executive function, working memory, attention, and episodic memory. Significant improvements were observed in each of these domains and Magtein was shown to reduce brain age by 9 years.
Overall, according to Cohen, more and more science on magnesium is focusing on its actions in specific neurodegenerative states, and the research is showing significant potential for its use in these areas. One study published in Neuron in 2010 suggested that increasing magnesium consumption may be a valuable strategy to enhance cognitive abilities; it also supported the idea that low magnesium levels may impair cognitive function.
Other applications for this up-and-coming mineral include cardiovascular and circulatory health. According to Druke, there are many studies showing a significant correlation between people with low levels of magnesium, either in their diet or in their blood, that demonstrate a higher incidence of heart attack and stroke. There are also studies that connect magnesium with inflammation.
"Magnesium's value to the heart's health is crucial," said Druke, "but it is also crucial to the vitality of all cells, which is why it is the key co-factor in more than 300 metabolic reactions in the body, including protein synthesis, muscle and nerve function, blood glucose control, and blood pressure regulation. Dietary surveys of people in the United States consistently show that intakes of magnesium are lower than recommended amounts."
A recent study from the National Health Research Institute Database of Taiwan showed that people who consumed magnesium oxide were less likely to develop dementia (Current Medical Research and Opinions, 2018).
Researchers in a review article published in Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity in 2017 documented that magnesium enhances the activity of three important mitochondrial dehydrogenases involved in energy production. Magnesium is also involved in the activation and production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). "Studies have shown that disruption of the homeostasis of magnesium in the mitochondria leads to lower metabolites from the TCA cycle and lower activity of energy producing dehydrogenases," Druke explained. "This may cause early fatigue."
Selenium is mostly known as a men's health mineral, as it has been strongly suggested in numerous studies to protect prostate health.
According to a white paper from Lallemand Bio-Ingredients, not all forms of selenium are the same, and this notion is supported by "abundant preclinical data." In the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Trial (NPCT) and the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) wherein prostate cancer was the primary endpoint, selenomethionine supplementation was not protective. However, according to the supplier, In the NPCT trial, which used selenium yeast as a supplement, a strong protective effect in the prostate was observed with an 86% prostate cancer risk reduction among men with the lowest concentration of baseline plasma selenium.
And there seems to be more uses for selenium that may soon make it a women's supplement as well. One recent study (BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 2019) examined the association between selenium consumption and prevalence of osteoporosis in 6,267 middle-aged and older men and women in China. After analyzing data, researchers found that those individuals with lower levels of selenium consumption had a higher prevalence of osteoporosis in a dose-dependent manner.
Sometimes the tail wags the dog; an ingredient can pull consumers into a category, rather than the category pulling consumers to ingredients. According to Druke, choline is a mineral that is helping to drive consumer interest in enhanced cognition in all life stages. Balchem's VitaCholine salts were the choline source used in a landmark clinical study at Cornell University showing that increased choline intake during pregnancy correlated with improved processing speed in infants (FASEB Journal, 2013). This positive impact on cognition may continue into early childhood; the researchers are currently examining the longer-term benefits of increased maternal choline to these same infants, but now in early childhood.
In addition to the well-established neurodevelopmental benefits of choline, there is emerging research suggesting that there may be neuroprotective benefits, Druke reported. "An exciting new body of animal research at Arizona State University's Biodesign Institute suggests several novel methods by which choline may mitigate the negative impact of several known risk factors for dementia later in life," he said.
In an initial study published in Molecular Psychiatry in early 2019, maternal choline intake lowered levels of homocysteine, a pro-oxidant amino acid suspected of contributing to an increased risk of Alzheimer's Disease. A subsequent study published in Aging Cell in 2019 focused on postnatal choline intake in mice and findings suggest that higher intakes of choline throughout life have a beneficial role in regulating the activity level of microglia, specialized cells that help clean the brain of harmful material. When over-activated, these "cleaner cells" may actually contribute to an increased risk of AD.
Formulation Challenges
Some vitamins and minerals are notoriously persnickety to work with. When choosing the right ingredient, Cohen said the type of formula is very important, whether it's a solid dose or liquid. Subcategories of solid doses include powders, tablets, capsules, gels, etc. Factors such as solubility, pH, and palatability are very important and different when comparing gluconates to lactates to citrates or other organic salts forms.
"However, the key point is not to compromise on bioavailability," said Cohen. "GADOT produces citrate-based minerals providing high bioavailability, which is proven by numerous scientific studies. That is why we use our technology to enhance the solubility of, for example, magnesium citrate (GADOMAG, Magnesium Anhydrous), whilst keeping the molecule 100% a citrate. We also micronize our products, encapsulate, or produce tableting grades."
Formulating with iron in foods, stick packs, chewable tablets, gummies, etc. can be particularly challenging due to the instability of the mineral, combined with its potent and unpleasant flavor, noted Druke. Balchem's Albion brand of minerals offers proprietary taste-free options for calcium, magnesium, zinc, and iron to remove or limit taste barriers in both supplement production and food fortification. Additionally, through the Balchem Sensory Effects flavor systems and manufacturing innovations, additional customer-specific solutions can be developed.
Other notable minerals also have their fair share of issues; for example, magnesium and iron supplementation can cause gastrointestinal distress, including gas and laxation. And this is where form enhances function.
"Clinical studies have shown less irritation from ingesting minerals as metal chelates, which are compounds where the metal is bonded to nutritionally functional organic compounds such as amino acids," Druke explained. "These forms provide increased bioavailability of nutrients with greater tolerability compared to other compounds. Albion minerals chelated with amino acids have been shown to have greater bioavailability and utilization in humans. Its ferrous bisglycinate (iron chelated to two glycine molecules), as well as magnesium bisglycinate, have been shown to cause less gastrointestinal distress."
Some vitamins also seem to have strong personalities. According to Ford, stability is a big challenge for vitamins. AIDP's proprietary microencapsulation process, enVantec, offers solubility as well as stability for many fat-soluble vitamins, which are generally unstable.
Cohen agreed, noting, "In general, vitamins are more sensitive than minerals to stress factors that occur during production. Vitamins can lose some activity during processing. Typically, loss in activity is compensated by adding a higher vitamin content than what is required on the label of the final product."
Minerals are less sensitive than vitamins, Cohen continued, but are also often overdosed in formulas. For example, magnesium oxide is often overdosed in order to compensate for extremely low bioavailability. Another common challenge for formulators to keep in mind is potential nutrient interactions which can have a negative effect on solubility and cause sedimentation. "For these problems, we can look at encapsulation to protect the nutrient or even hide the taste," he said.
As vitamins and minerals are used in a wide range of products, Chaudhari explained they can pose some technological challenges in terms of performance based on the formulation/end application, such as meal replacement drinks, sports drinks, stick packs, nutrition bars, shots, tablets, chews, and gummies. For liquid shots, solubility and stability of the ingredients are of prime importance.
Simultaneously, acceptable taste and flavor are necessary for the success of the launched product. Under harsh heat treatment, certain sensitive vitamins such as A, B1, and C, can get lost, whereas B12 destabilizes under low pH conditions. Some minerals like iron and copper offer strong metallic taste and trigger unwanted color changes.
"Therefore, in addition to our stabilized form of chromium," Chaudhari said, "we use chelated forms of iron and copper to minimize off-notes and color change without compromising the bioavailability of the nutrients. In addition, we make and use natural flavor enhancers to overcome the off-notes."
During processing of the end form, consideration is given to particle morphology and shape, which influence flowability, ease of handling, and processing of the powders, Chaudhari added. "Therefore, particle size management of the ingredients is critical to achieving the desired performance and must be carefully optimized before using in tablets, chews, and stick packs. Because formulations tailored for stick packs require quick dispersion and water solubility, we use water-soluble forms of vitamins and minerals. To enhance the flowability of the mix from the stick pack, we add 'clean' flowing agents."
Gummies pose a different type of challenge. A white or color spot on the gummy is an issue if the formulation doesn't use the right vitamin/mineral forms. The stability of certain sensitive vitamins such as A and folic acid is another concern when fortifying gummies; therefore, to ensure nutrient claims, Prinova uses a stable form of folic and vitamin A, Chaudhari said.
Brands seeking to make small-serving products such as lozenges, gummies, chews, and tablets, uniform dispersion of the micro-nutrients is a challenge, he added. "The complexity is associated with safety, quality, and efficacy of formulation dosages. We use our validated micro-nutrients trituration of chromium, molybdenum, selenium, and iodine to offer homogenous formulations for such small-serving supplements."
Another challenge for product developers is ensuring that strict vegans have access to vitamins commonly derived from animals. According to Ford, AIDP offers the only pure vegan vitamin D3, VegD3, which can be used as a 1:1 replacement to animal-based D3. AIDP's enVantec technology is a gelatin-free encapsulation solution for fat-soluble nutrients. It is Vegan Society approved and there are no supply limitations. "This is the only 100% pure crystal cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) for vegans," she claimed.
This is just a glimpse of the activity occurring in the vitamins and minerals category, and it is proof too that the original dietary supplement market segment continues to lead with solid research and manufacturing innovation to fulfill consumers' self-healthcare goals.
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text:
AND THE OPPOSITION
Speech Delivered at the Sixteenth Moscow
Gubernia Party Conference,
Pravda, No. 269,
From J. V. Stalin, Works
Vol. 10, pp. 257-74.
Prepared © for the Internet by David J. Romagnolo, [email protected] (September 1997)
THE PARTY AND THE OPPOSITION . Speech Delivered at the
Sixteenth Moscow Gubernia Party Conference, Novem-
ber 23, 1927 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Brief Results of the Discussion . . . . . . . .
The Working Class and the Peasantry . . . . . .
The Party and the Dictatorship of the Proletariat . .
The Prospects of our Revolution . . . . . . . .
What Next? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
THE PARTY AND THE OPPOSITION
Gubernia Party Conference[63]
Comrades, permit me briefly to sum up the struggle between the Party and the opposition, to sum up the discussion that has developed during the past three or four weeks within the Party and -- it must be frankly stated -- outside it.
BRIEF RESULTS OF THE DISCUSSION
The following statistical results are available: up to the present, something over 572,000 comrades have declared for the Party, for its Central Committee; for the opposition -- something over 3,000.
The opposition is usually fond of flaunting figures, percentages, claiming that it has the support of 99 per cent, and so forth. Everybody sees now that over 99 per cent have declared against the opposition and for the Central Committee of the Party.
Who is to "blame" for that? The opposition itself! Every now and again the opposition has tried to push us into a discussion. For two years a]ready, hardly
a day passed without it making a new demand for a discussion. We resisted that pressure; we members of the Central Committee resisted that pressure, knowing that our Party is not a debating society, as Lenin quite rightly said, knowing that our Party is the militant party of the proletariat, surrounded by enemies, engaged in building socialism, faced with an enormous number of practical tasks of creative activity and, therefore, unable to concentrate all its attention ever so often on the disagreements within the Party.
But time moved on towards a discussion, and a month, more than a month, before the Fifteenth Congress, the Party, in conformity with the Party Rules, said: Very well, you want a discussion, you want a fight -- let's have it, then! And here is the result: over 99 per cent for the Party, for its Central Committee; less than one per cent for the opposition.
The opposition's bluff has been called 100 per cent, so to speak.
It may be said that this result is not decisive. It may be said that besides the Party there is also the working class and the masses of the labouring peasantry. It may be said that here, in this sphere, the results have not yet been summed up. That is not true, comrades! The results have been summed up in this sphere too.
What were the November Seventh demonstrations in all the cities and villages throughout our vast country? Were they not all a tremendous demonstration of the working class, of the labouring sections of the peasantry, of the Red Army and the Red Navy, for our Party, for the government, and against the opposition, against Trotskyism?
Is not the ignominy that the opposition called down upon its own head on the Tenth Anniversary of Qctober, is not the unanimity with which the millions of working people greeted the Party and the government on that day, proof that not only the Party, but also the working class, not only the working class, but also the labouring sections of the peasantry, not only the labouring sections of the peasantry, but also the entire Army and the entire Navy, stand like a rock for the Party, for the government and against the opposition, against the disorganisers? (Prolonged applause.)
What more results do you need?
There you have, comrades, a brief summing up of the struggle between the Party and the opposition, between the Bolsheviks and the opposition, the struggle that developed within the Party and later, through the opposition's own fault, went beyond the borders of the Party.
How is this ignominious defeat of the opposition to be explained? It is a fact that no other opposition in the history of our Party since the Bolsheviks took power has ever suffered such an ignominious defeat.
We know about the opposition of the Trotskyists in the period of the Brest Peace. At that time it had the support of about a quarter of the Party.
We know about the opposition of the Trotskyists in 1921, during the trade-union discussion. At that time it had the support of about one-eighth of the Party.
We know about the so-called "New Opposition," the Zinoviev-Kamenev opposition, at the Fourteenth
Congress. It then had the support of the entire Leningrad delegation.
But now? Now the opposition is more isolated than ever before. It is doubtful now whether it will have even one delegate at the Fifteenth Congress. (Prolonged applause.)
The failure of the opposition is due to its being completely divorced from the Party, from the working class, from the revolution. The opposition has turned out to be a handful of intellectuals divorced from life, divorced from the revolution. Therein lies the root of the opposition's ignominious failure.
Let us, by way of a test, take two or three of the questions which separate the opposition from the Party.
THE WORKING CLASS
AND THE PEASANTRY
The question of the relations between the working class and the peasantry.
Lenin said that the question of the relations between the working class and the peasantry in our country is a fundamental question of the dictatorship of the proletariat, the fundamental question of our revolution. He said:
"Ten or twenty years of correct relations with the peasantry, and victory on a world scale is assured (even if the proletarian revolutions, which are growing, are delayed)."[64]
What are correct relations with the peasantry? By correct relations with the peasantry Lenin meant the
establishment of a "stable alliance" with the middle peasants, while relying on the poor peasants.
But what is the opposition's view on this question? It not only attaches no value to the alliance between the working class and the peasantry, it not only fails to appreciate the immense importance of such an alliance for the development of our revolution, but it goes "further" and proposes a policy that would inevitably lead to the break-up of the alliance between the working class and the peasantry, to the rupture of the bond between the working class and the peasantry.
Not to go far for proof of this, I could refer to Preobrazhensky, the opposition's chief economist, who regards the peasantry as a "colony" for our industry, as an object to be exploited to the utmost.
I could also refer to a number of the opposition's documents in favour of raising the prices of manufactured goods, which would inevitably cause our industry to wilt, would strengthen the kulaks, ruin the middle peasants and force the poor peasants into bondage to the kulaks.
All these and similar opposition documents are part and parcel of the opposition's policy calculated to cause a rupture with the peasantry, a rupture with the masses of the middle peasantry.
Is anything said plainly and openly about this in the opposition's "platform" or in its counter-theses? No. In the opposition's "platform" and counter-theses all this is carefully hidden and veiled. On the contrary, in the opposition's "platform" and counter-theses you can find scores of compliments addressed to the middle peasants and to the poor peasants. They also contain
thrusts at the Party's alleged kulak deviation. But they say nothing, absolutely nothing, plainly and openly about the opposition's fatal line, which leads and is bound to lead to a rupture between the working class and the peasantry.
But what the leaders of the opposition are hiding so carefully from the workers and peasants I shall now try to bring into the light of day and lay on the table in order to teach the opposition not to deceive the Party in future. I have in mind the speech recently delivered by Ivan Nikitich Smirnov at the Rogozhsko-Simonovsky District Party Conference. Smirnov, one of the leaders of the opposition, proved to be one of the few honest men among them who had the courage to tell the truth about the opposition's line. Do you want to know what the opposition's real "platform" is on the question of the relations between the proletariat and the peasantry? Read Smirnov's speech and study it, for it is one of those rare opposition documents which tell the whole trulh about the stand actually taken by our oppositionists.
Here is what Smirnov said in his speech:
"We say that our state budget must be revised in such a way that the greater part of this five thousand million budget should flow into industry, for it would be better for us to put up with discord with the middle peasants than to invite certain doom."
That is the fundamental thing of all that the leaders of the opposition have been concealing in their "platform" and counter-theses, and what Smirnov, also a leader of the opposition, conscientiously dragged into the light of day.
Hence, not a stable alliance with the middle peasants, but discord with the middle peasants -- that, it appears, is the means of "saving" the revolution.
Lenin said that "the supreme principle of the dictatorship is the maintenance of the alliance of the proletariat and the peasantry in order that the proletariat may retain its leading role and state power."[65]
But the opposition disagrees with that and asserts that the important thing for the dictatorship of the proletariat is not an alliance with the peasantry, with the main mass of the peasantry, but discord with it.
Lenin said, and not only said but constantly reiterated, from the Eighth Party Congress onwards, that it will be impossible to build socialism successfully in our country unless we have "a stable alliance with the middle peasants."[66]
But the opposition disagrees with that and asserts that the policy of a stable alliance with the middle peasants can be replaced by a policy of discord with them.
Lenin said that in building socialism we must move forward together with the main mass of the peasantry.
But the opposition disagrees with that and asserts that we must move forward not together with the peasantry, but in discord with them.
That is the principal disagreement between the Party and the opposition on the cardinal question of the relations between the working class and the peasantry.
In its "platform" the opposition tried to hide its true countenance by addressing compliments to the peasantry and making hypocritical thrusts at the Party's
alleged kulak deviation. But Smirnov introduced a radical amendment to the opposition's "platform" by tearing the mask from the leaders of the opposition and telling the Party the truth about the opposition, the truth about the opposition's actual platform.
What follows from this? It follows from this that the opposition's "platform" and counter-theses are mere scraps of paper, calculated to deceive the Party and the working class.
What does a policy of discord with the middle peasants mean? The policy of discord with the middle peasants is a policy of discord with the majority of the peasants, for the middle peasants constitute not less than 60 per cent of the entire peasantry. That is precisely why the policy of discord with the middle peasants leads to the majority of the peasants being driven in to the arms of the kulaks. And a policy of driving the majority of the peasants into the arms of the kulaks means strengthening the kulaks, isolating the poor peasants, weakening Soviet rule in the countryside and helping the kulaks to throttle the poor peasants.
But the matter does not end here. To pursue a policy of discord with the majority of the peasantry means starting civil war in the countryside, making it difficult for our industry to be supplied with the raw materials produced by the peasants (cotton, sugar-beet, flaxt hides, wool, etc.), disorganising the supply of agricultural produce for the working class, shattering the very foundations of our light industry, disrupting our entire work of construction, disrupting our whole plan of industrialising the country.
That is the turn the matter takes, comrades, if we bear in mind not the bare statements the opposition makes in its "platform" and counter-theses, but the opposition's actual policy as authoritatively explained to us by Smirnov.
I am far from accusing the opposition of deliberately striving for all these misfortunes. It is not, however, a matter of what the opposition desires and is striving for, but of the results that must inevitably follow from the opposition's policy of discord with the middle peasantry.
The same thing is happening to the opposition here as happened with the bear in Krylov's fable "The Hermit and the Bear." (Laughter.) It goes without saying that the bear's intention in smashing the head of his friend the hermit with a lump of rock was to deliver him from the importunate fly. The bear was prompted by the friendliest motives. Nevertheless, the bear's friendly motives led to an action that was far from friendly, and for which the hermit paid with his life. Of course, the opposition wishes the revolution nothing but good. But to achieve this it proposes such means as would result in the utter defeat of the revolution, in the utter defeat of the working class and the peasantry, in the disruption of all our work of construction.
The opposition's "platform" is a platform for the rupture of the alliance between the working class and the peasantry, a platform for the disruption of all our work of construction, a platform for the disruption of the work of industrialisation.
THE PARTY AND THE DICTATORSHIP
OF THE PROLETARIAT
The question of the Party.
Lenin says that the unity and iron discipline of the Party are the basis of the dictatorship of the proletariat. The opposition in actual fact holds the opposite view. It thinks that for the proletarian dictatorship we need not the unity and iron discipline of the Party, but the destruction of the Party's unity and discipline, the splitting of the Party and the formation of a second party. True, the opposition talks and writes, writes and talks, and not so much talks as howls about Party unity. But the opposition's talk about Party unity is hypocritical chatter calculated to deceive the Party. (Applause.)
For, while talking and shouting about unity, the opposition is building a new, anti-Leninist party. And it is not only engaged in building it, it has already built it, as is shown by authentic documents, such as the speeches of Kuzovnikov, Zof and Reno, former oppositionists.
We are now in possession of exhaustive documentary evidence that for over a year already the opposition has had its own anti-Leninist party, with its Central Committee, regional bureaux, gubernia bureaux, and so forth. What can the opposition oppose to these facts except hypocritical chatter about unity?
The opposition is shouting that the Central Committee of the Party will not succeed in pushing it into the position of a second party. Strange! Has the Cen-
tral Committee ever tried to push the opposition into such a position? Is it not a fact that the Central Committee has all along been restraining the opposition from slipping into the line of organising a second party?
The entire history of our disagreements during the past two years is a history of the efforts of the Central Committee of our Party to restrain the opposition from taking steps towards a split and to keep the opposition people within the Party.
Take the case of the opposition's well-known "declaration " of October 16, 1926. Was that not an attempt of the Central Committee to keep the opposition within the ranks of the Party?
Take the opposition's second "declaration" of August 8, 1927. What does that show if not that the Central Committee of the Party has been anxious all along to keep the opposition within the ranks of a single party?
But what happened? The opposition made declarations about unity, made promises to maintain unity, gave assurances that it would abandon factionalism; but actually it continued to build a second party.
What does all that show? It shows that we cannot take the opposition at its word; that the opposition must be tested not by its "platforms" and counter-theses, but by its deeds.
Lenin said: learn to test groups, trends and parties not by their promises and "platforms," but by their deeds. We regard it as our duty to follow in Lenin's footsteps and to test the opposition not by the papers and "platforms" it concocts, but by its deeds.
When the opposition writes "platforms" and counter-theses and raises a howl about Party unity, it is deceiving the Party, it is hypocrisy, mere words. But when the opposition builds a new party, sets up its own central committee, organises regional bureaux, and so forth, thereby disrupting the unity and proletarian discipline of our Party, those are the opposition's deeds, its nefarious deeds.
That does not mean, of course, that the opposition has already succeeded in creating anything like a real party. No. It has not succeeded in that, and it never will. It will not succeed, because the working class is against the opposition. In trying to create a new party, a second party, the opposition is in reality engaged in a childish game, playing at being a party, a central committee, regional bureaux, and so forth. Routed and disgraced, they find consolation in amusing themselves by playing at being a party, a central committee, regional bureaux, and so forth. (Laughter. Applause.)
But, comrades, there are games and games. When the opposition plays at being a party it can only arouse laughter, because, for the Party, that playing is nothing more than an amusing fancy.
We have, however, not only the Party to consider. We still have classes, we still have anti-Soviet elements in our country. And those anti-Soviet elements are watching the opposition's game, learning from it how to fight the Party, how to fight the Soviet regime, how to fight our revolution. For those elements, the opposition's game of being a party, the opposition's thrusts at the Party, the opposition's anti-Soviet sorties, serve as a sort of school, a sort of preparatory school for
learning how to fight the Soviet regime, how to unleash the forces of counter-revolution.
It is not surprising that all sorts of anti-Soviet elements flock around the opposition. Herein lies the danger of the opposition's game of being a party. And precisely because a grave danger lurks here, the Party can not look on indifferently at the opposition's anti-Soviet exercises; precisely for this reason it must put a stop to them altogether.
As for the working class, it cannot fail to see how dangerous is the anti-Party game the opposition is playing. For the opposition, the Party is a chess-board. In fighting the Party, it makes various chess moves. One day it submits a declaration promising to end factionalism. Next day it repudiates its own declaration. A day later it submits a new declaration, only to repudiate its own declaration again a few days after. These are chess moves for the opposition. They are players and nothing more.
But that is not the way the working class looks upon its Party. For the working class the Party is not a chess-board, but the instrument of its emancipation. For the working class the Party is not a chess-board, but a vital means of overcoming its enemies, of organising new victories, of achieving the final victory of socialism. Hence the working class can only despise those who turn its Party, its holy of holies, into a chess-board for the dishonest games of the oppositionist players. For the working class cannot but know that the opposition's efforts to disrupt our Party's iron discipline, its efforts to split our Party, are, in essence, efforts to disrupt the dictatorship of the proletariat in our country.
The opposition's "platform" is a platform for wrecking our Party, a platform for disarming the working class, a platform for unleashing the anti-Soviet forces, a platform for disrupting the dictatorship of the proletariat .
THE PROSPECTS OF OUR REVOLUTION
Let us pass to the third question, the question of the prospects of our revolution.
The characteristic feature of the whole line of the opposition is disbelief in the strength of our revolution, disbelief in the proletariat's strength and capacity to lead the peasantry, disbelief in the strength and capacity of the working class to build socialism.
I have already quoted the passage from Smirnov's speech about the inevitable "doom" of our revolution if we do not establish discord with the middle peasantry. This is not the first time that we have heard the songs of the opposition about the "doom" of the revolution. This is not the first time that in the opposition's declarations we have encountered continual whining and consternation in face of difficulties, predictions of the twilight and collapse of our revolution. From the time that the opposition's factional policy began to suffer defeat after defeat the opposition has not ceased shouting about the "doom" of our revolution, making out the doom of its own group to be the "doom" of the revolution. The opposition has only to find itself in the minority, to get a drubbing from the Party, for it to rush into the street and start shouting about the "doom" of the revo-
lution and to utilise all possible difficulties against the Party.
As early as in the period of the Brest Peace, in 1918, when the revolution was experiencing certain difficulties, Trotsky, after being defeated by the Party at the Seventh Congress, began to shout about the "doom" of our revolution. But the revolution did not perish, and Trotsky's prophecies remained empty prophecies.
In 1921, in the period of the trade-union discussion, when we were faced with new difficulties arising from the abolition of the surplus appropriation system, and Trotsky suffered another defeat, at the Tenth Party Congress, he again began to shout about the "doom" of the revolution. I well remember Trotsky asserting at a meeting of the Political Bureau, in Lenin's presence, that the Soviet regime had "sung its swan-song," that its days and hours were numbered. (Laughter.) But the revolution did not perish, the difficulties were overcome, and the hysterical fuss about the "doom" of the revolution remained mere fuss.
I don't know whether the days and hours were numbered at that time or not; but if they were, all I can say is, they were numbered incorrectly. (Applause, laughter.)
In 1923, in a period of new difficulties, this time arising out of NEP, in the period of the market crisis, Trotsky again began a swan-song about the "doom" of the revolution, making out the defeat of his own group at the Thirteenth Conference of our Party to be the defeat of the revolution. The revolution, however, ignored this swan-song and overcame the difficulties facing it at that time.
In 1925-26, in a period of new difficulties arising from the progress of our industry, Trotsky, this time in chorus with Kamenev and Zinoviev, again began a swan-song about the "doom" of the revolution, making out the defeat of his own group at the Fourteenth Congress and after the Fourteenth Congress to be the defeat of the revolution. The revolution, however, had no intention of dying, the self-styled prophets were pushed into the background and the difficulties were overcome, as always, as in the past, for Bolsheviks look upon difficulties not as something to wail and whine over, but as something to overcome. (Loud applause.)
Now, at the end of 1927, owing to the new difficulties in the period of the reconstruction of our whole economy on a new technical basis, they have again begun a swan-song about the "doom" of the revolution, trying, in this way, to cover up the actual doom of their own group. But, comrades, you all see that the revolution is alive and thriving, while it is others who are perishing.
And so they sang and sang their swan-song until at last they found themselves in a hopeless position. (Laughter.)
The opposition's "platform" is a platform for the "doom" of our revolution.
Such is the opposition 's actual platform on the three principal questions on which we disagree: the question of the working class and the peasantry, the question of the Party and the dictatorship of the proletariat,
and finally, the question of the prospects of our revolution.
You see that this queer platform testifies to the opposition's complete divorce from the Party, from the working class, from our revolution. It is the platform of intellectuals who have broken with Leninism and are divorced from life.
Is it surprising, after all this, that the Party and the working class have completely turned away from the opposition?
That is why the opposition suffered ignominious defeat in its struggle against the Party during the last discussion.
What next? -- we are asked.
The opposition complains that the other day it submitted a declaration on unity, signed by thirty-one Trotskyists, but has not yet received a satisfactory answer. But indeed what answer can be given to the hypocritical declaration of the thirty-one Trotskyists when the opposition's false declarations are refuted again and again by its splitting activities? The history of our Party records a similar declaration made, I think in 1907, by thirty-one Mensheviks. (Voices from the audience : "That's right!") Lenin at the time called that declaration "the hypocrisy of the thirty-one Mensheviks."[67] (Laughter.) I think that the hypocrisy of the thirty-one Trotskyists is quite analogous to the hypocrisy of the thirty-one Mensheviks. (Voices from the audience : "Quite true! ") The opposition has twice deceived the Party. Now it wants to deceive the Party a third time. No, comrades, we have had enough of deception, enough of games. (Applause.)
The limit has been reached, comrades, for the opposition has exceeded all bounds of what is permissible in the Party. It cannot go on swinging from side to side in two parties at once, in the old, Leninist Party, the one and only Party, and in the new, Trotskyist party. It must choose between these two parties.
Either the opposition itself does away with this second, Trotskyist party, abandoning its anti-Leninist views and frankly condemning its own mistakes before the whole Party;
or the opposition fails to do that�in which case we ourselves will do away with the Trotskyist party altogether. (Applause.)
One thing or the other.
Either the oppositionists take this necessary step, or they do not do so, and in that case they will be sent flying out of the Party. (Stormy and prolonged applause. An ovation from the entire hall. The "Internationale" is sung.)
[63] The Sixteenth Moscow Gubernia Conference of the C.P.S.U.(B.) was held November 20-28, 1927. The conference heard reports of the Central Committee' and Central Control Commission of the C.P.S.U.(B.), discussed the prospects of the work of economic construction in the Moscow Gubernia in connection with the general plan for the development of the national economy of the U.S.S.R., reports of the Moscow Committee and Moscow Control Commission of the C.P.S.U.(B.), a report on work in
the countryside, and other questions. J. V. Stalin delivered a speech on November 23, at the morning session of the conference. In its resolution on the report of the Central Committee of the C.P.S.U.(B.), the conference approved the Central Committee's political and organisational activities and also its decisions on the Trotskyist opposition. The conference elected J. V. Stalin as a delegate to the Fifteenth Congress of the C.P.S.U.(B.). [p.257]
[64] V. I. Lenin, "Outline of the Pamphlet The Tax in Kind" (see Works, 4th Russ. ed., Vol. 32, pp. 302-03). [p.260]
[65] V. I. Lenin, Report on the Tactics of the R.C.P.(B.), delivered at the Third Congress of the Communist International, July 5, 1921 (see Works, 4th Russ. ed., Vol. 32, p. 466). [p.263]
[66] V. I. Lenin, Opening Speech at the Eighth Congress of the R.C.P.(B.), March 18, 1919 (see Works, 4th Russ. ed., Vol. 29, p. 125). [p.263]
[67] V. I. Lenin, "The Elections in St. Petersburg and the Hypocrisy of the Thirty-One Mensheviks" (see Works, 4th Russ. ed., Vol. 12, pp. 17-27). [p.273]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


As William Shakespeare said "April has put a spirit of youth in everything!" and Spring is here, we bring you some great landscape wallpapers collection for this season, some lovely beach wallpapers and pictures.
That you are the dearest to me.
Our Earth provides viewers with the best possible scenery, especially for the true admirers of nature.
There are still too many areas on earth which are not heavily populated and when people see it they want to capture it in their mind. Most people do capture it and here are few pictures showing those amazing landscape pictures collected by few photographers.
Check out this photoshop tutorial on how you can add magic to your graphic design.


Remember the first two old view categories, Worth and Expectations? They are the major. When they get reversed, then you've got newness, a new access. And that's exactly the pattern within the Lion Roars, But Does not have Teeth. Normally, we anticipate a roaring lion to acquire power to harm and get rid of, but when we find out that the roaring lion has no pearly whites, that expectation is nullified and reversed. So a few put that in incredibly general terms-when people are mindful of a great strength or a wonderful talent, they expect the fact that the person or thing start strength or talent can keep right on doing things employing that great strength or talent. When that wonderful strength or talent wouldn't come through as expected, then 2 weeks . new view reversal, like a big cat roaring when it has shed its teeth and so seems to have lost the power to back up that roar, the opposite of what you usually expect when any lion roars.
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50/50 Springs Into Action
Get your game faces on, #PaceU, because we're heading into another season of sports, fighting prejudice, and firing back against ignorance.
Potato Gang
Monday, March 5 | 12:00 p.m.–1:00 p.m. | Gottesman Room
You're invited to make delicious dishes using potatoes with Delta Phi Epsilon, who will also be discussing positive body image.
Wall of Prejudice
Monday, March 5 | 12:00 p.m.–4:00 p.m. | Miller Lawn and Shirley Beth's Way
Hosted by the Pi Lambda Phi fraternity, the Wall Of Prejudice is made to be a safe outlet for people to share words that have hurt them. The wall will be up for a few days—free for people to vent—before it's torn down by you! For $2 a swing and $4 for four swings, you'll get to tear the hate apart. Literally.
Waves, Kinks, and Curls
Monday, March 5 | 9:00 p.m.–11:00 p.m. | Kessel Multi-Purpose Room
The Black Student Union will be offering tips and tricks for hygiene and hair care methods. While many hygiene and hair care events are targeted toward women, this event is open to everyone!
Candy Land: Diabetes Edition
Monday, March 5 | 9:17 p.m.–11:00 p.m. | Butcher Suite
Omega Phi Beta wants to educate students about what Type 1 Diabetes is, how one can become diabetic, and address all the misconceptions that people tend to have about T1D. Come hear from them!
Baseball vs. New York Institute of Technology
Wednesday, March 7 | 3:00 p.m. | Peter X. Finnerty Field
Our Setters will be dodging swipes from the NYIT Bears. Think you can handle the heat? Join them for an unbearably good time!
Women's Lacrosse vs. Long Island University Post
Wednesday, March 7 | 6:00 p.m. | Pace Stadium
It's Setters against Pioneers, and our Women's Lacrosse team will be settling the score for one unforgettable evening. Be there to show your support!
Follow and Fold
Wednesday, March 7 | 9:15 p.m.–10:15 p.m. | Elm Hall, Room 219
Origami is the art of folding paper associated with the Japanese culture. Come learn how to fold different types of animals and plants with the Asian Student Union. Paper will be provided. Hey, you never know—this could be your new hobby!
Baseball vs. Long Island University Post
Thursday, March 8 | 3:00 p.m. | Peter X. Finnerty Field
The Pioneers are back to challenge Pace's baseball team, and it's up to us to cheer our Setters on. It's time to root, root, root for the home team!
Friday Film Series: The Divorcée
Friday, March 9 | 6:30 p.m.–9:30 p.m. | Willcox Hall 36
Professor Rebecca Martin, PhD, is back with The Divorcée, a pre-Code drama that earned Norma Shearer an Oscar for Best Actress. It's witty, wisecracking, and surprisingly modern for a throwback film.
Baseball vs. Goldey-Beacom College
Saturday, March 10 | 12:00 p.m. | Peter X. Finnerty Field
Will the Goldey-Beacom Lightning Bolts strike out, or can they hold their own against our savvy Setters? Find out when they face off!
Saturday, March 10 | 12:30 p.m. | Goldstein Aerobics Room
Think you can step and stroll with the best of them? Be part of High Definition's open gym session every Saturday and try something new! You'll be glad you did.
Men's Lacrosse vs. American International College
Saturday, March 10 | 7:00 p.m. | Pace Stadium
Be(e) prepared for when the AICs buzz in to take on our Setters! Are they all buzz but no sting? You'll find out when you make it to this game.
SOCA Fashion Show
Saturday, March 10 | 8:00 a.m.–11:00 p.m. | Willcox Hall, Multi-Purpose Room
Got swag? Be there when Caribbean fashion hits the runway as the Students of Caribbean Awareness host their annual fashion show!
Dorm Hacks
Monday, March 19 | 9:00 p.m.–10:00 p.m. | Butcher Suite
Come learn hacks on how to cook in your dorm. Pace Cooks and Bakes will be sharing exciting and inventive recipes about how to make quick, easy, and yummy meals in a mug. Have any recipes of your own? Bring them along to share!
Stop the Ignorance
The Organization of Latin American Students invites you to their annual Stop the Ignorance event where they'll be discussing topics of skin color, hair, and judgments. Chipotle will be served!


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Home » Sport » Arsenal and Spurs boost in transfer hunt for Leipzig star Marcel Sabitzer after playmaker 'rejects new contract offer'
Arsenal and Spurs boost in transfer hunt for Leipzig star Marcel Sabitzer after playmaker 'rejects new contract offer'
MARCEL SABITZER has reportedly turned down RB Leipzig's latest contract offer – alerting Tottenham and Arsenal.
The North London rivals have both been linked with the Austrian midfielder following his stellar form in the Bundesliga.
Jose Mourinho in particular is a fan of Sabitzer's, following his two-goal demolition of Spurs in last season's Champions League.
And Arsenal are thought to be chasing a creative midfielder in the January transfer window.
A fee of around £30million has been touted with the Leipzig captain's contract expiring in 18 months' time.
But the German club may be tempted to cash in soon if Sabitzer refuses to agree a new contract.
According to Sky Germany, via Fussball Transfers, the 26-year-old has turned down an extension.
It is said that Sabitzer would prefer leaving in the summer of 2022, when his deal expires, with the club considering a sale at the end of this season.
Leipzig sporting director Markus Krösche told Bild recently that talks are more likely to progress in a couple of months' time.
He said: "We wanted to end the year first. Both sides will deal with the issue more intensively in the spring."
Likewise, Sabitzer has previously insisted that his contract situation will not be discussed until later in the year.
The player stated last month: "If I read my contract correctly, it expires in June 2022, which means it runs for another 18 months.
The club have said that there would be no contract talks during the season.
"We'll have to see about everything else. I'm just doing my job. We have a game every three days, that's exhausting enough.
"The club have said that there would be no contract talks during the season.
"So I'm fully focused on playing a successful season and don't think about what will happen later on at all."
⚽ Read our Arsenal live blog for the latest news from The Emirates
Premier League insists the show must go on amid growing Covid rates
Willie O'Ree: NHL's first black player to have his number retired by the Boston Bruins


A Barber, two Engineers, and two Techies walk into a venue. Their high voltage rock erupts and they leave a mighty crater in their wake.
Conjuring stomping stadium-rock, shoegazing grunge, and spaced-out melodies, A Very Deep Hole has had adventures on the main stages at Berkshire festivals and have recorded at the elusive Abbey Road Studios with The Alarm.
2016 saw them launch their eponymous debut album and they are gearing up to release an EP in summer 2017.
Their collective influences include British new wave, grunge, prog rock, and blues rock.
When The Idaho disbanded in 2007, Matt and Ryan went in search of more members for a new project and soon found Barney the bass player. The new, as-yet-unnamed three piece began writing songs in early 2008 and they reached out to Ed in 2009 to help fill out the sound, adding his love for instrumental music to the band's creative pool.
The band, in their new line-up, wrote and recorded 3 demo tracks; sadly, before they could start gigging, Barney left for pastures new. Worthy of of a Spinal Tap story, the search for a new bass player began, with the band picking up Dan on keyboards and vocals along the way.
A number of line-up changes brings us to the band's current format, with Mike joining in June 2014 as the permanent bass player.
Playing on the main stage at Caversham Festival – which boasted an estimated 10,000 visitors over the weekend.
They were hand picked to support the Reading band Echoic at their July gig.
They were asked to play at the 2nd Caversham Rock'n'Ale Festival in June – a feat which got them mentioned in the Reading Post's print and online editions.
WickedFest at Facebar, one of the band's regular gigging venues.
With the band now writing and recording some new material to unleash on the masses, the future's looking good for AVDH!
Mike Barber: Began playing bass in 1983. Originally recruited to play keyboards by his first band, he was asked to step up to bass guitar. He takes influence from all over the rock 'n' roll world; The Foo Fighters, Iron Maiden, and Deep Purple to name a few. He has played in several touring bands that originated in Berkshire including Zebedee, Holy Cowbell, and Samurai.
Matt Cox: Lead vocals, rhythm guitar, and occasional lead guitar for the band. Matt taught himself to play by following Nirvana songs and working parts out by ear, his musical influences play a clear part in the enduringly catchy riffs he has since written.
Ryan Dobson: Drums and percussion. With clear influences from Robert Heaton of New Model Army, and Budgie from Souxsie and the Banshees, he has created his own strong rhythmic style which provides a solid foundation for both the raw power and emotive subtlety that the songs of AVDH embrace. Ryan has previously been a member of Private Idaho, Stonefly, and The Dreamhouse.
Dan Lilley: A multi-instrumentalist who is skilled in piano, guitar, saxophone, and bass. A fan of Iron Maiden from a very early age, the classic galloping triplet often features along with a desire to funk. His vocal style is often described as a bluesy Johnny Cash with a rasp of Tom Waits.
Ed Pinkney: Lead guitar and backing vocals. After studying the playing of Pink Floyd's David Gilmour, and Alvin Lee of Ten Years After, he has developed a soulful instrumental voice of his own. An engineer by day, Ed will often design and create custom equipment to achieve his sound.


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E.D.E.N.'s PRIVATE HOSPITAL property tax exemption scam
Submitted by mabeldog on Fri, 03/10/2017 - 15:59.
Flush with a "loan" of $889,000 she scored in January from the Community Development Department of the city of Cleveland (whose funding is soon to be eliminated by President Trump's proposed HUD budget cuts), the Emerald Development "Economic" Network's director Elaine Collins (earning over $200,000 per year in salary and benefits) was sitting in the catbird seat. In March she snapped up an office building at 2070 W. 117th Street in Lakewood from the Latter Day Saints for $350,000 which WAS paying $15,000 per year in property taxes, but will soon be added to the over 100 properties EDEN owns classified fraudulently as Private Hospitals. And the $15,000 Cuyahoga County WAS collecting on the building will be eliminated. Enquiring minds want to know. HOW is EDEN getting away with cheating the impoverished school children of Cleveland out of millions and millions of dollars in property taxes? EDEN does NOT operate hospitals. Or group homes. Or nursing homes. Or drug rehabs. They do not pay any medical staff, drug counselors or social workers. They do not have community meals or job training. They funnel federal HUD funds into their bank accounts TOTALLY free of ANY taxes. AND free of ANY responsibilities. NONE of the "private hospitals" EDEN owns provide ANY kind of services for their tenants. 99% of their budget of $27 million comes directly from HUD in the former of a variety of very lucrative Section 8 vouchers. In SHARP CONTRAST our WORLD RENOWNED Cleveland Orchestra has a budget of $50 million dollars and with that they have a staff of 200 people including some of the best musicians in the world. EDEN also gets "loans" from the city of Cleveland and the state of Ohio Department Mental Health and Addiction Services, which do not have any repayment schedule attached to the loans.They employ 55 people at their main office at 7812 Madison who all process paperwork to keep those federal funds flowing. They were clearly very confident that their fraud would NOT be exposed. And why not? They had been getting away with it for MORE THAN TWENTY YEARS. After all on their Schedule A from the IRS 990 from 2014, where they checked off the reasons for PUBLIC CHARITY STATUS, the ONLY box checked off is Box 7 "an organization that normally receives a substantial part of its support from a GOVERNMENTAL UNIT" They do NOT check off box 3 "a hospital or co-operative hospital service" ONLY BOX 7. Also their recently amended articles of incorporation filed with the Secretary of State in April 2014 describe their services as providing "housing and housing related services and opportunities to low-income, mentally ill and disabled persons...and the administration of financial and other types of housing services."In other words EDEN "assists" their tenants to troll for as much free goobermint money as they can get. Nothing whatsoever about providing any on site mental health services.
And what about the chain of 10 Heroin Hotels run jointly by EDEN and Cleveland Housing Network which are filled with active drug users getting high and living large at the taxpayers expense? How exactly do those obscenely expensive homeless shelters where EDEN collects $600 per unit from SSI and HUD, qualify as property tax EXEMPT private hospitals. The tenants are not even required to be sober.
Let's compare those drug infested crime dens called "private hospitals" to the apartment complex run by Mt. Sinai Baptist church at 7600 Woodland. Their articles of incorporation through the Secretary of State are "to provide elderly or disabled persons housing facilities and SERVICES DESIGNED TO MEET THEIR PHYSICAL, SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS". That sounds MUCH MORE like a private hospital. But Mt. Sinai pays $74,984.40 in property taxes. And they are paid up for the whole year.
So where DID it all start? Through a partnership of two enterprising gals who were experts on gaming the system. On March 2, 1992 the Executive Director of Aftercare Residential Services, Wendy DiGregorio transferred a portfolio of 11 properties to the newly established Emerald Development Economic Network's founding director Kathryn Kazol. EDEN got the buildings for FREE but even BETTER, the "private hospital" designation which was attached to the 11 properties was carried right over to EDEN too. F.Y.I. Aftercare Residential was one of many non profits set up in the late 1970's and early 1980's to provide group homes for the mentally challenged adults released when the state mental hospitals closed. Their articles of incorporation filed with the Secretary of State on January 3, 1978 stated exactly that. "To provide a mental health service and ....to provide suitable housing for persons discharged from psychiatric hospitals." With a wink and a nod, and of course no follow up from the Cuyahoga County Fiscal Office, Kathryn Kazol started accumulating "private hospitals" at break neck speed. With free money from every possible government entity from local to HUD. The "EDEN-owned Scattered Site Housing" is where ALL the private hospitals, with the exception of the Heroin Hotels, are hidden. And the waiting list is permanently closed. PERMANENTLY. No one ever moves out?? OR DIES?? Really?? OR is it something else? Are they FINALLY getting nervous perhaps? Would Director Collins rather leave those vacant units in the "hospitals" vacant. Rather than be exposed.
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mabeldog's blog
( categories: )
Potential resolution to real estate tax avoidance by E.D.E.N. ?
Submitted by Jeff Buster on Sat, 03/11/2017 - 20:29.
As I understand it, the City of Cleveland provides 15 year real estate tax avoidance (non-free market tax waiver purported to induce development which, in 15 years, will purportedly add to public tax revenues) to all the new condo's - increasing the developer's profits, skewing the free market to the disadvantage of sales of existing homes, and forcing the City's historic tax payers to pay more than their "fair share" - the loyal (or stuck) residents of Cleveland are being screwed IMHO. This is at least a violation of our constitutional right to "equal protection".
Is the new condo real estate tax exemption different from E.D.E.N.'s?
Besides the City of Cleveland, E.D.E.N. is operating "private hospitals" in other NEO communities. How about other states? Are any of the individuals involved/profiting from E.D.E.N. connected with other NEO folks? Thinking of the resent FBI corruption investigations in NEO.
What legal challenges regarding their real estate tax exempt status has E.D.E.N. faced? Is their avoidance of real estate taxes legally supportable? Is E.D.E.N. a for-profit or non-profit business?
If E.D.E.N. is housing the homeless, the mentally ill, the addicted - all these services would be eligible for both state and federal compensation. These are all tough issues to resolve. Is E.D.E.N.'s non-payment of local real estate taxes a reasonable exemption if they provide a legitimate philanthropic service? Churches are exempt from local real estate taxes - is that fair to aethiests - or any of us?
Here is a link to the Agenda - Ohio Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services which pdf describes services provided by E.D.E.N. and other similar NEO organizations.
iF MT. SINAI HOSPITAL IS PAYING REAL ESTATE TAXES ON SIMILAR OPERATIONS...THAT'S SIGNIFICANT - CALLING INTO QUESTION E.D.E.N.'S NON PAYMENT.
For more context I copy the following Thomas Ott Plain Dealer.com article - November 02, 2013
CLEVELAND, Ohio -- In a dispute that pits the right to know against the right to privacy, some Cleveland suburbs want a nonprofit group to pinpoint hundreds of addresses occupied by mentally or physically disabled people who have struggled with homelessness.
The Emerald Development and Economic Network, which administers federal rent subsidy for the tenants, has resisted appeals from 19 older communities represented by the First Suburbs Consortium.
The cities say disclosure would help them keep an eye on single-family rental houses that multiplied in recent years as the real estate market weakened. Officials say they don't need names or other personal information on the tenants, just their locations.
They have pressed for an agreement like one they reached with the Cuyahoga Metropolitan Housing Authority in 2006. That deal, brokered by the late Rep. Stephanie Tubbs Jones, calls for the parties to collaborate on inspecting houses and expelling bad landlords and tenants from the much larger Housing Choice Voucher Program, also known as Section 8.
"We want to make sure the house is up to snuff," said Rick Wagner, housing manager for Cleveland Heights. "Taxpayers' money is paying the rent, so the house should meet community standards."
The disagreement dates to 2009, but talks have been held as recently as a few weeks ago.
Cuyahoga County officials, who process the program's federal funding, back EDEN.
Both EDEN and the county cite the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development's opinion that releasing the information on the disabled could violate civil rights and anti-bias laws, including the Fair Housing and Americans with Disabilities acts. In a 2012 letter to the county, a HUD official said disclosing the information would also be "a poor policy and program choice" that could "undermine local and national efforts to prevent and end homelessness.
EDEN officials have proposed alternatives for collaboration, but they and the county say providing addresses is out of the question.
"The county's position is the funder's position," said Rick Werner, the county's director of health and human services. "Until HUD changes the regulations or their interpretation, we are bound, and so is EDEN, to abide by it."
EDEN assists tenants living in about 2,400 apartments and single-family houses spread across Cleveland and 32 suburbs. Slightly more than 1,000 of those are in the suburbs, but nearly two-thirds are clustered in Lakewood, Euclid and Cleveland Heights.
The cities don't seem to have had many encounters with EDEN tenants, but officials say they might not have known that the program was subsidizing the rent.
Euclid Mayor Bill Cervenik said he opposed a failed effort to hold up EDEN's funding at the county level. He said the city's housing staff does not think the houses are a significant problem and added that Euclid has "other ways of finding rental property."
Shaker Heights Law Director William Gruber said the cities have no intention of stirring neighborhood opposition or engaging in discrimination. He said sharing the addresses would serve interests on both sides of the debate.
"We can be their eyes and ears out there," he said. "We have someone to go to if there's a problem."
EDEN Executive Director Irene Collins and Chief Operating Officer Elaine Gimmel say the units they subsidize represent a minuscule piece of the suburban rental market, but the agency wants to be a good neighbor.
They have agreed to ensure that every unit has a certificate of occupancy from the cities, though that guarantees only that the rental is registered. The agency also bars use of property that is tax delinquent or in foreclosure and employs licensed inspectors who check units up front, annually and as problems arise.
EDEN has offered to scan mass lists of problem properties or examine individual cases so it can decide privately whether the agency is connected and needs to take action. But the cities consider those suggestions to be cumbersome and impractical.
The tenants' mental disabilities are considered severe, but Collins said the risk is "not significantly higher than for anybody else living next door to you." She and Gimmel said case managers monitor the tenants, though they acknowledge that the managers are spread thin.
EDEN wants to avoid evicting tenants, if possible.
"We're in the business of keeping people housed," Collins said. "That would be a last resort."
Gruber said the cities want to go straight to HUD, after they find the best contact within the bureaucracy. He suggested that federal officials may not have a full understanding of what the cities want.
Meanwhile, First Suburbs Director Jennifer Kuzma said she hopes to make cities more familiar with EDEN, the agency's clients and its services.
"I think, ultimately, we all have the same goal -- to get help to our residents who need it," she said.
Submitted by westward on Tue, 03/14/2017 - 21:48.
EDEN isn't a tax avoiders. That is absurd.
the PSH program is part of HousingFirst. The goal is to eliminate homelessness.
I toured the PSH by MetroHealth, and met a wheelchair bound former Marine. He had been homeless before getting his efficiency apartment.
There is on site mental health services, AA, VA and other services. That is how Permanent Supportive Housing (PSH) works.
In areas where they have gone in, PSH is a stabilizing factor.
The person in the apartment is a tenant and has the same rights as any one else.
EDEN has never tried to be a hospital.
You may have found an obscure category by someone but they have always been up front.
The drop out rate in PSH is 2%. Most tenants use the supportive services. It is far easier to stay sober, get a GED, or a job, when the person has a home.
Neighbors don't complain about PSH. People do respond thought, to fear mongering and misunderstanding.
To call these PSHs heroin hospitals is so off base that it is hilarious.
a PS: for this property, the LDS paid zero taxes.
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text:
Morning Commentary: Déjà Vu All Over Again
A daily summary and commentary of events and factors that affect the global markets, with a particular emphasis on the foreign exchange markets.
Déjà Vu All Over Again
Andrew Kositkun
Foreign Exchange Head Trader
We're just a few days into the new year, but Italy, yet again, finds itself on the brink of another political crisis. This latest bout of political drama is due to tensions between Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte and former Prime Minister Matteo Renzi, leader of the junior coalition party Italia Viva (IV), over how to spend the 209 billion euros in Next Generation EU funds available to Italy.
To be sure, IV has a relatively smaller weight within the ruling coalition, but the withdrawal of IV's 18 senators would bring the government short of the 161 required majority and throw the government in crisis. So what happens now?
For starters, a full-fledged government crisis, or early elections, are not very likely at this point. Recent polling numbers for members of the current coalition government are bad. Therefore, there is incentive for the current governing parties to maintain the status quo. Not only would elections risk lowering the number of seats members of the current government have under a new constitutional framework, but they may also lose control of management of Next Generation EU funds and of the election of the next president of the republic in 2022. Furthermore, the window for early elections is also slowly closing, as new elections cannot be called during the "white semester," or the last six months of the current president of the republic's term that begins in August.
As a result, the path of least resistance to solving the current conflict is to involve some combination of 1) concessions to IV's demands on how Next Generation EU funds are to be used and 2) a limited cabinet reshuffle that gives IV a more prominent role and say in the management of Next Generation EU resources.
HERE ARE THE KEY NEWS STORIES FROM OVERNIGHT:
Nonfarm payrolls came in worse than expected, as December payrolls fell 140,000 jobs versus consensus for a 50,000 gain. This was the first jobs decline since April. The previous number was revised up from 245,000 to 336,000. The unemployment rate stayed at 6.7%, beating consensus for a rise to 6.8%, and average hourly earnings beat expectations, rising 0.8% versus expectations for a 0.2% increase. In essence the broad story with the virus spreading and depressing the labor markets is playing out as the job declines were primarily concentrated in the services sector.
The House will move to impeach President Trump if Cabinet members do not invoke the 25th Amendment and remove him from office. Per Assistant House Speaker Katherine Clark and Representative Jim Clyburn, the process could start within a week. President Trump has conceded the election, adding he was "outraged by the violence, lawlessness and mayhem" and promising a smooth transition in a video message released last night. It has also been reported that President Trump's list of potential pardons includes White House officials, family members and himself. It still remains unclear if the president has the power to pardon himself under the Constitution.
Cleveland Fed chief Loretta Mester doesn't see ramped-up fiscal stimulus triggering a pullback in policy this year. Conversely, FOMC colleagues Charles Evans and Raphael Bostic have stated they could support tapering before year-end. As for Wall Street, multiple banks have revised their U.S. 10-year yield outlooks higher, with the U.S. yield curve continuing to strengthen.
The U.S. suspended retaliatory tariffs on French imports that were in response to a digital tax on U.S. tech companies.
Canada's jobs report missed expectations, as the Canadian economy lost 62,600 jobs versus consensus for a 37,500 decline. While there was a net job loss, full-time jobs actually increased by 36,500 jobs, while part-time jobs contracted by 99,000 jobs. The unemployment rate ticked up to 8.6% from 8.5% last month but beat expectations for an increase to 8.7%.
On the vaccine/virus front, the U.K. has approved Moderna's vaccine, and Pfizer announced that studies show its vaccine is effective against new COVID-19 variants.
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"Guys with wacky hair who promise a great deal have been springing up in our part of the world like mushrooms after rain. And people go running after them, like bears after their keepers. . . . Fear of a changing world, and longing for someone . . . who will promise that life will be the same as it was in the past, are not confined to Regime-Change Land. In half the West, empty promises are made, wrapped in shiny paper like candy. And for this candy, people are happy to get up on their hind legs and dance."
Witold Szablowski is an award-winning Polish journalist. At age twenty-five he became the youngest reporter at one of Poland's largest daily newspapers, where he covered international stories in countries including Cuba, South Africa, and Iceland, and won awards for his features on the problem of illegal immigrants flocking to the EU and the 1943 massacre of Poles in Ukraine. His book about Turkey, The Assassin from Apricot City, won two awards and was nominated for Poland's most prestigious literary prize. Szablowski lives in Warsaw.


Yesterday, the comics world lost one of its legends. Both an amazing artist and creator, Joe Kubert is one of the true icons in the world of comic illustration. Kubert's career began in the 1940s and spanned up until 2011. Aside from being a major force behind iconic characters such as the golden and silver age Hawkman and then later Sgt. Rock, Kubert has been named as an influence to many of today's top artists.
Some sources say that Joe got his start in comics at only 12 years old when he had the opportunity to ink a rush job for Archie for $5 a page, which was a hefty payday back in 1938. After attending Manhattan's High School of Music and Art, Kubert made his way to All-American Comics (which would become DC Comics). In 1945, Joe would begin his first work on Hawkman in issue #62 of The Flash in 1945.


San Francisco's downtown Theater Row is now home to the cleverly renovated, Hotel G, a hip hotel offering without the slightest tinge of attitude. Their Union Square location make this an ideal lodging choice for a shopaholic girlfriend getaway, a romantic date night or for out-of-towners in search of a relaxing home base.
Originally built as The Fielding Hotel in 1909, the redesigned guest rooms perfectly marry something old (rustic cement or polished wood plank floors, reupholstered Victorian settees, antique school desks and chairs) with something new (complimentary Wi-Fi, 42″ SMART TV, Nespresso coffee maker, Mascioni linens and robes, plush beds with tufted denim backboards and fair-trade hand woven rugs). Cool touches are scattered throughout, starting with your friendly welcome by "G-Hosts", happy to share insider sightseeing suggestions, as well as California-shaped bed pillows, and humorous floor signage: "Rumor has it that the ninth floor is divine". Fun happenings will include a free "Beer & Bites", which will showcase two San Francisco classics: Anchor Steam beer and "G"-shaped pretzels made by Boudin Bakery.
The 153 suites range from Good Queen, Great King, Greater Double to Greatest King, but no matter which category you select, they are all comfy, cozy and very cool. Additional conveniences will include a meeting room for casual get-togethers or formal board meetings, in-house eateries, complimentary morning car services and a Technogym.
Huge kudos to Hotel G for partnering with San Francisco-based Creativity Explored, a nonprofit arts center for developmentally disabled adults, to curate, showcase and sell artwork. A diverse mix of paintings, colorful ceramics, folk textiles, and mixed-media sculpture will adorn guestrooms. All of the artwork is available for sale, with proceeds going directly to the artist.
*For special promotional rates please see website.
To read the Luxe Beat Magazine version of this article click on the title Hotel G- GREAT New San Francisco Lifestyle Hotel.
Death of the 100-Point Wine Scale?


This is a group intended for advanced players who would like to play competitive doubles. Open to men and women to be played on Monday evenings from 7 to 9pm.
Please contact Rachel to express interest or for more information.


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My Liminal Moments: What's the Word?
I am reading the book Happier at Home by Gretchen Rubin. It is one of those great motivational books that inspires me to be a better mother, wife, friend and all around person. She breaks each chapter down into months to make it easier to digest what steps one needs to take to bring more happiness into your home. As we begin the month of January and a start of a new year, Rubin writes about choosing a single word or phrase as an overarching theme for an entire year.
I had been giving much thought to what my word for 2013 would be. The word finally shouted at me, cartwheeling out of my mouth, while talking to Brian the other night about how neither one of us has been sleeping well. We decided to purchase a new bed with all new bedding, replacing what we have had since we moved into our house 12 years ago. I told him that I was ready for good quality sleep; which led me to wanting to purchase a comfortable quality bed. After saying the word "quality" about ten times in two run-on sentences, I realized that "quality" was my word for 2013.
Quality is defined as the standard of something as measured against other things of a similar kind; the degree of excellence of something: (Oxford Dictionary). I am not only referencing purchasing higher quality bedding, or eating a healthier quality diet but living a higher quality life. I am not sure exactly what this will mean or how it will play out but I am envisioning the decisions I make or the time I spend with my family and friends to have a little more thought or substance and a little less impulsivity for the sake of convenience. Or it might mean, the quality of my play time with the boys means I actually play matchbox cars without simultaneously sorting their toys into their correct bins. It is being present really, without feeling the need to be anywhere else, even for a short period of time.
My new bed. I LOVE the owl pillows I found!
My quality time alone today at Lewis Ginter.
This origami artwork was amazing!
And the orchids, beautiful as always.
And below, a good quality read. I cannot put this book down.


text:
Q: Has the $\Gamma$-like function $f_p(n) = 1^{\ln(1)^p} \cdot 2^{\ln(2)^p} \cdot \ldots \cdot n^{\ln(n)^p} $ been discussed anywhere? In an older fiddling with the gamma-function (expanding on the idea of sums of consecutive like-powers of logarithms, similarly as the bernoulli-polynomials for the sums of like powers of consecutive integers) I hadn't looked at the assumed approximations for the family of p-parametrized gamma-relatives (where p is nonnegative integer)
$$ \begin{align} f_p(n) & =\exp \left(\sum_{k=0}^n \ln(1+k)^p \right) \\ & = 1^{\ln(1)^{p-1}}\cdot 2^{\ln(2)^{p-1}} \cdots n^{\ln(n)^{p-1}} \end{align}$$
where $p \gt 1$       .
I just looked at that treatize and would like to improve it with some knowlegde about the functions $f_p$ where $p \gt 1$ (for $p=1$ this is the factorial function).
Q: Has someone seen one of these functions being discussed elsewhere?

Here is some context:
an older question at MO , an older question at MSE, the original text discussing this idea initially posted at the tetrationforum a very q&d or, a bit better written in "uncompleting the gamma", from page 13

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