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March against fascism takes place in capital
ALMOST a hundred mostly young people gathered in SNP Square in Bratislava on March 15 to protest against fascism, racism and xenophobia.
The event was timed to coincide with the 75th anniversary of the creation of the wartime Slovak state, and according to one of the organisers from the Bratislava Without Nazis initiative, Robert Mihál, it was first and foremost meant to prevent a neo-Nazi march through the city of Bratislava to the grave of the president of the wartime Slovak state, Jozef Tiso.
According to Mihál, the protesters succeeded in preventing the annual neo-Nazi march, which has always been held on the anniversary of the creation of the wartime Slovak state.
The aim of the march was to recall the horrors of the Second World War.
"The event, however, is also a reaction to recent events in our country, as for example, the recent attacks by neo-Nazis in Nitra. Today's march is a clear 'no' to fascism in all of its forms. It publicly rejects nationalism, neo-Nazism, anti-Semitism and, on the contrary, voices the message of a tolerant and inclusive society," Mihál told the TASR newswire.
The march against fascism was supported by many public figures, including Bratislava Mayor Milan Ftáčnik, on whose initiative Bratislava City Hall flew a flag with a crossed-out swastika from the balcony of the Primate's Palace.
Source: TASR
Compiled by Michaela Terenzani from press reports.
The Slovak Spectator cannot vouch for the accuracy of the information
presented in its Flash News postings.


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New P&O cruise ship is on its way
Home/Cruise News/New P&O cruise ship is on its way
The biggest cruise ship ever to be built for the British market started to take shape today, as P&O managing director Carol Marlow gave the order for the first section of the vessel's hull to be lowered into a dry-dock in Italy.
A 408-ton steel block, already fitted with pipes, cables, insulation and other equipment, was lifted by a giant crane at Fincantieri's Monfalcone yard near Trieste – where I watched Regal Princess being floated out at the end of March.
Scheduled to sail its maiden voyage in 2015, the 141,000-ton P&O ship will carry 3,600 passengers. It is being built with a near-identical hull to Regal Princess – and sister Royal Princess which will be christened by the Duchess of Cambridge next month – but with twin funnels painted in the trademark buff colour. The interior layout and designs are likely to be considerably different, although details are still a closely-guarded secret.
No name has yet been announced, and there has not yet been much in the way of clues. As far as the shipyard is concerned, it remains Hull 6231 for now. The computer-generated picture of the ship (above, click on it to see a larger version) is the first image released to the public.
It has the words "NEW BUILD" standing proudly between the funnels, which could an indication that the actual name may be of 8 characters or fewer, but given that covers every ship in the current fleet – from Adonia to Ventura – it's not much help.
It would even be enough for Canberra – a name from the past that some aficionados would like to see revived, and which others say should be allowed to remain undisturbed.
Carol spent the journey to Monfalcone brushing up her Italian in order to be able to pronounce: "Diamo il via alla posa del primo blocco della più grande nave, la migliore, mai costruita per il mercato Britannico!" – "Please lay the keel of the biggest and best ship ever built for the British market."
Fincantieri shipyard director Carlo De Marco added: It will be an honour and a pleasure to celebrate in 2015 the delivery of this ship and the 10th anniversary of the collaboration between P&O Cruises and Fincantieri, started in 2005 with Arcadia."
By John Honeywell| 2017-06-15T15:59:33+00:00 15 May 2013|Cruise News|7 Comments
TYKE 15 May 2013 at 1:11 pm - Reply
OMG! Is that what cruise ships look like now? It's more like the Hyde Park and Kelvin flats they bulit in Sheffield in the sixties and seventies. and theyve knocked the Kelvin down. Give me a canal barge anyday than. Seriously, how can anyone think that looks like a ship
Malcolm Oliver 15 May 2013 at 2:50 pm - Reply
Those P&O regulars who think Ventura and Azura are too big, are in for a shock!
Dave Monk 15 May 2013 at 2:56 pm - Reply
Still think it looks remarkably similar to the picture they put out in 2011…
Mathew Horan 23 June 2013 at 8:27 am - Reply
I wonder if it will still be cheaper for four adults in two cabins to travel as against a family of four in one cabin –
james kidd 11 July 2013 at 4:05 pm - Reply
im looking forword to see new ship in 2015

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We offer an initial free consulation where will we visit you in your home, asking questions, taking measurements and digital photographs in order to fully understand your requirements, tastes and dislikes. This enables us to produce initial designs and costings based on our first meeting and to take us to the next stage which, if required, involves more detailed design developments, thorough costings, schedules and project management considerations.
We can provide 3D visualisations and scale drawings to enable the client to take the plans to a 'superstore' or 'high street' outlet.
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Brady, L. M, and Preston J. (2017) Evaluating the extent and impact of young people's involvement in National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) studies: an assessment of feasibility. A report of a project commissioned by the James Lind Initiative.
Alderson, P. (2001). Research by children. International Journal of Social Research Methodology 4(2), 139-153.
Brady, L.M. and young co-authors (2011). Involving young people in research: making an impact in public health. In Critical Perspectives on User Involvement, ed. Barnes M and Cotterell P. p159-168. Bristol: Policy Press.
Franks, M. (2011). Pockets of Participation: Revisiting Child-Centred Participation Research. Children & Society, 25(1), 15–25.
Kirby, P (2004) A Guide to Actively Involving Young People in Research: For researchers, research commissioners, and managers. Eastleigh: INVOLVE.
Nuffield Council on Bioethics (2015). Children and clinical research: ethical issues. London: Nuffield Council on Bioethics.
Save the Children (2000) Young People as Researchers: A learning resource pack. London: Save the Children.
Shaw C, Brady, LM and Davey C (2011). Guidelines for Research with Children and Young People. London, NCB.
Swallow, V., J. Coad, and A. Macfadyen (2007) Involving children, young people and parents in knowledge generation in health and social care research in User Participation Research in Health and Social Care, M. Nolan, et al., Editors. 2007, Open University Press: Buckingham. p. 151-165.


Leslie Pearl Green, age 69, born in Lakeview, Oregon, February 22, 1947, passed away Tuesday, April 26, 2016. She graduated from Morao High School. She worked as an office manager and in the billing department at Coulee Community Hospital. She was a member of several Masonic families, but was mostly active in the Eastern Star. She loved this organization and the friends that became a second family to her.
She is survived by her husband, Phil Green; sister, Bonnie Carratures; sons: Scott Green, of Spokane, Kelly Green, of Washington, D.C., and Ryan Green, of Ephrata; daughters: Robin Bjorson, of Delano, and Kim Green, of Post Falls, Idaho; 14 grandchildren, and 17 great-grandchildren, with two more on the way.
God gained a sparkling-eyed angel at her passing.


At a basic level, food is what fuels our bodies. We need it to stay alive. However, many people think of food in an emotional way because food is at the center of so much in our lives: Celebrations, loss, and other events.
The problem with food is that many people use it to fill emotional voids or tackle other complicated problems in their lives. Many people eat when they're unhappy, which exacerbates the negative emotions that prompted them to eat in the first place. This can lead to a vicious circle which many are unable to overcome on their own.
In this article, we detail a 5-step process you can follow if you're frustrated with your own emotional eating habits and want to move on to a healthier, more positive relationship with food.
Emotional eating strikes quickly. If you're feeling both emotional and hungry, it's all too likely that you'll automatically go to the fridge, grab whatever looks good at the time, and eat it.
The best way to handle such an automatic response is to slow down your reaction. Instead of feeling hungry and allowing your emotions to guide your decisions and following what comes naturally, take a minute to analyze what you're feeling.
Often, slowing down reveals that though you feel hungry, it isn't because of your stomach, it's because of your mind. Taking just 30 seconds to one minute to process your thoughts, hunger, and feelings is all it takes for some to see whether the hunger is real or is a product of emotion instead.
Typically, your hunger will be tied to emotions. Evaluate how you're feeling and consider what's happening at that moment that's prompting your response. Did something prompt these emotions? What are you actually feeling? What do you want to eat to deal with these feelings? Typically, if it's a negative emotion, you'll want something sweet or salty to feel better, not an apple or other healthy snack.
Being thoughtful is the simplest way to stop emotional eating at the source. However, it may not always work, depending on how strong the emotion is. That's why it's important to follow all five steps of this five-step plan.
A food journal is a great idea for any type of weight loss and is particularly useful for those who eat emotionally.
Your food journal can be in a notebook, on your computer, or anywhere that works for you. The idea is to track your hunger − including when it occurs, how it feels, what you're feeling when you feel it, and why you believe you're feeling that way. Questioning why you're feeling how you are is most important because it will help you to better understand the root cause of your emotions.
One of the best places to start is with a "cravings" journal. If you feel an intense craving, you should journal what you want, your feelings at the time, why you believe you're feeling like you are, and how you could satisfy your cravings without food.
After you've paused, then journaled, you're faced with the next step: Making a decision.
Your decision should ideally stem from whether you've identified the hunger as physical or emotional. If you aren't able to readily identify where your hunger is coming from, you should be able to either put it off until your next meal or, if it's been a while since you've eaten, eat a healthy snack or begin preparing your next meal.
Eat something without ruining your diet. If you're craving something sweet, you can satisfy your cravings without choosing the worst option. For example, you could grab a piece of fruit instead of a cookie.
Do something instead of eating. Instead of eating, fill the emotional need in another way. If you feel lonely, call a friend or spend time with a pet. If you're feeling anxious, take a relaxing bath. If you're feeling bored, go for a walk or run. There is always something you can do instead of eating.
Satisfy your cravings in moderation. If you just can't resist your craving, give in, but don't go overboard. Let's say you want a cookie: Choose a small cookie, and eat it slowly. Maybe take a few bites and re-evaluate how you feel. Doing so is a good way to control cravings and still make progress on ending the cycle.
Thinking about what you ate is another simple way to overcome emotional eating habits. Wait 15 minutes after you've eaten and then ask yourself whether you feel guilty or satisfied. If you feel guilty or unhappy, consider what you can do differently next time. The goal is to learn from your mistakes without getting frustrated or upset with yourself.
You should add these feelings to your food journal after the entry to help you formalize your feelings and recognize this problem in the future.
Every time you get to Step 4 in this plan and feel upset, it's important to create an action plan for the future. If you feel the same feelings that triggered a prior response, you can go back and reference it and look at the alternatives you've brainstormed and used successfully in the past.
If the feeling causing the emotional eating is one that is repetitive, you'll need to address the feeling head-on. For example, if a relationship is causing your discomfort, you may want to consider ending the relationship or talking to the other person about what's wrong. You can do this with any scenario, whether it be personal or professional.
Emotional eating doesn't have to control your life or sabotage your efforts to lose weight. Take control with the 5-step action plan above and get on the path to better understanding yourself, your emotions, and the root cause of the problems you're experiencing.
Doing so will make you happier and healthier and keep you on track with your weight loss goals!


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The Climate Marches On
ColumnSeptember 11, 2014
By Amy Goodman with Denis Moynihan
"Unjust laws exist." So wrote Henry David Thoreau in his 1849 essay, "On the Duty of Civil Disobedience." The naturalist and pacifist asked, "Shall we be content to obey them, or shall we endeavor to amend them, and obey them until we have succeeded, or shall we transgress them at once?" His answer was simple: "I say, break the law."
One hundred and sixty-four years later, on May 15, 2013, Ken Ward Jr. and Jay O'Hara did just that. They navigated a small lobster boat, named "The Henry David T.," to a point off the Massachusetts coast near the enormous Brayton Point Power Station, a coal-fired power plant built in 1963 that is the largest source of carbon emissions in the region. They dropped anchor and blocked access to the pier, preventing a cargo ship from unloading 40,000 tons of coal. They suspended banners from their boat reading "#CoalIsStupid" and "350," a reference to the international climate action group 350.org. Three hundred fifty parts per million (ppm) is the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere that scientists feel is the maximum level that will allow the planet to avoid catastrophic human-induced climate change. Ward and O'Hara succeeded in blocking the coal shipment. From the boat, they reported themselves to the local police and were later arrested by the U.S. Coast Guard.
O'Hara, a Quaker and a sailmaker on Cape Cod, explained, "We were charged with … disturbing the peace, conspiracy to disturb the peace, negligent operation of a motor vessel and a failure to act to avoid a collision of a boat." They faced years in prison. They decided to mount a "necessity defense," admitting that they broke the law, but claiming that they did so only to prevent a much greater harm, i.e., the burning of coal that increases global warming. Last Monday, Sept. 8, they finally went to court. Bristol County District Attorney Sam Sutter offered them a deal. He dropped all criminal charges against them in exchange for a guilty plea to a civil offense and a fine. D.A. Sutter then went a step further — a few steps, actually, to the plaza in front of the courthouse, where he shocked the two defendants and close to 100 of their supporters with a short speech:
"The decision [we] reached today … certainly took into consideration the cost to the taxpayers in Somerset, but was made with our concern for their children, the children of Bristol County and beyond, in mind. Climate change is one of the gravest crises our planet has ever faced. In my humble opinion, the political leadership on this issue has been gravely lacking … we were able to reach an agreement that symbolizes our commitment at the Bristol County District Attorney's Office to take a leadership role on this issue."
Sutter's incredible demonstration of political leadership is timely, indeed. This week, the World Meteorological Organization released its latest Greenhouse Gas Bulletin, packed with dire statistics about the accelerating threat of climate change. "The amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere reached a new record high in 2013," the WMO reported, with current concentration of carbon dioxide at 396 ppm. The WMO also warned, ominously, "The current rate of ocean acidification appears unprecedented at least over the last 300 million years." Defendant Ken Ward, a former deputy director of Greenpeace USA, noting the urgency he feels for the climate, told me, "We should … be taking emergency actions everywhere we can. And the very first emergency action is to stop burning coal."
Henry David Thoreau is best known for his book "Walden," in which he describes the year he spent living in a cabin he built on Walden Pond, near Concord, Mass. Thoreau opposed the 1847 U.S. invasion of Mexico. He was a staunch opponent of slavery. To protest these violent policies, he decided he would not pay taxes. When he was jailed for his protest, he was visited by his friend, the poet Ralph Waldo Emerson. It is said that when Emerson asked, "Henry, what are you doing in there," Thoreau replied, "Waldo, what are you doing out there?" Thoreau's essay on civil disobedience was one of the first modern articulations of the resistance tactic of nonviolent noncooperation. His words and actions have inspired millions, among them Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr.
The People's Climate March will happen in New York City on Sunday, Sept. 21. Organizers expect it to be the largest march for the climate in history. The march's slogan: "To Change Everything, We Need Everyone." Sam Sutter says he'll be there, as will the two activists he prosecuted. I asked the district attorney and the defendants if they would be marching together. They all smiled. Prosecutor Sutter said, "It's certainly possible." Jay O'Hara concurred, "Sounds like a plan."
Listen to and share Amy Goodman's podcast on SoundCloud.
StoryJan 13, 2020"Stop the Money Pipeline": 150 Arrested at Protests Exposing Wall Street's Link to Climate Crisis


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>PHILIPSBURG, Sint Maarten — On Tuesday, 6 February, the University of St. Martin welcomed the Dutch Minister of Education, Culture and Science (OCW) Ingrid van Engelshoven during her visit to Sint Maarten earlier this week.
Accompanied by a delegation of ministerial functionaries and local government representatives, Engelshoven met with USM administration, students and faculty as part of her tour throughout the Caribbean and in preparation for a Kingdom-wide conference on the status of primary, secondary and higher Education to take place this Friday at Willemstad.
USM President Prof. Dr. Antonio Carmona Báez briefed the Dutch Minister on tertiary and higher education on the island St. Martin, demographics and student population, and the current hybrid system of accreditation presiding over the university's degree programmes in Education, Business and Hospitality.
"Sometimes it is difficult for our counterparts in the Netherlands to understand how education is set up in the Caribbean part of the Dutch Kingdom, but it just takes a little openmindeness and a good sense of history. It looks like Engelshoven was ready to learn", said President Carmona. "We need accreditation equality within the Kingdom and more collaboration between the Dutch Ministry and local institutions in research", he added.
Van Engelshoven, who hails from the centre-liberal D66 party, is a champion of diversity and gender issues, and is known to call for a dialogue on the Dutch concept of "emancipation".
"Over 85% of our students are women, most are full time workers while also studying full time; they are either Afro-Caribbean or Asian-Caribbean, some of them mothers, many come from low-income families and struggling to make ends meet. Yes emancipation means something very different here than in Holland!", said Dr. Carmona.
Ten students representing Pre-USM, GED and Associate and Bachelor Degree programmes also met with the Dutch delegation and spent close to an hour in detailed conversation with Minister van Engelshoven. Topics covered included credit transfers to Dutch institutions, help needed for St. Martiners furthering their studies in the Netherlands, and the need for more teachers of the Dutch language in USM teacher training programmes.
Also present at the meeting at USM were Minister Wycliff Smith (MECYS), Secretary-General Shermina Powell-Richardson, and Head of the Department of Education Sidonia-Lacorbiniere.
Next articlePJIAE Chief Security Jerry Sprott released from hospital and pretrial detention.


"Steve believes that elected officials and candidates should not make private promises to special interests. He posts his positions on issues on his website for all to see. This is an important fulfillment of his pledge for openness and transparency. He has my vote.


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2.4 Cell organelles
1 Cytoplasm
2 Nucleus
5 Ribosomes
6 Golgi body
7 Vesicles and lysosomes
8 Vacuoles
9 Centrioles
11 The differences between plant and animal cells
2.4 Cell organelles (ESG4Y)
We will now look at the key organelles that make up the cell. It is important to bear in mind that structure and function are closely related in all living systems. When studying each organelle, ensure that you observe the specific structures (from micrographs) that allow the organelle to perform its specific function.
Cytoplasm (ESG4Z)
The cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance that fills the cell. It consists of up to \(\text{90}\%\) water. It also contains dissolved nutrients and waste products. Its main function is to hold together the organelles which make up the cytoplasm. It also nourishes the cell by supplying it with salts and sugars and provides a medium for metabolic reactions to occur.
REVISIONYou may have encountered the terms cytoplasm, nucleoplasm and protoplasm earlier in Grade 9. Cytoplasm is the part of the cell that is within the cell membrane and excludes the nucleus. Nucleoplasm is the substance of the cell nucleus, i.e. everything within the nucleus that is not part of the nucleolus. Protoplasm is the colourless material comprising the living part of a cell, including the cytoplasm, nucleus and other organelles.
All the contents of prokaryotic cells are contained within the cytoplasm. In eukaryotic cells, all the organelles are contained within the cytoplasm except the nucleolus which is contained within the nucleus.
Functions of the cytoplasm
The cytoplasm provides mechanical support to the cell by exerting pressure against the cell's membrane which helps keep the shape of the cell. This pressure is known as turgor pressure.
It is the site of most cellular activities including metabolism, cell division and protein synthesis.
The cytoplasm contains ribosomes which assist in the synthesis of protein.
The cytoplasm acts a storage area for small carbohydrate, lipid and protein molecules.
The cytoplasm suspends and can transport organelles around the cell.
Nucleus (ESG52)
The nucleus is the largest organelle in the cell and contains all the cell's genetic information in the form of DNA. The presence of a nucleus is the primary factor that distinguishes eukaryotes from prokaryotes. The structure of the nucleus is described below:
Nuclear envelope: two lipid membranes that are studded with special proteins that separates the nucleus and its contents from the cytoplasm.
Nuclear pores: tiny holes called nuclear pores are found in the nuclear envelope and help to regulate the exchange of materials (such as RNA and proteins) between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
Chromatin: thin long strands of DNA and protein.
Nucleolus: the nucleolus makes RNA another type of nucleic acid.
During cell division, DNA contracts and folds to form distinct structures called chromosomes. The chromosomes are formed at the start of cell division.
The genetic material of eukaryotic organisms is separated from the cytoplasm by a membrane whereas the genetic material of prokaryotic organisms (like bacteria) is in direct contact with the cytoplasm.
Schematic Diagram Micrograph
Figure 2.19: Diagram showing the basic structures of the animal cell nucleus.
Figure 2.20: An electron micrograph of a cell nucleus showing a densely staining nucleolus.
Mitochondria also contain DNA, called mitochondrial DNA, (mtDNA) but it makes up just a small percentage of the cell's overall DNA content. All mitochondrial DNA in humans is derived from the mother's side.
Functions of the nucleus
The main function of the cell nucleus is to control gene expression and facilitate the replication of DNA during the cell cycle (which you will learn about in the next chapter).
The nucleus controls the metabolic functions of the cell by producing mRNA which encodes for enzymes e.g. insulin.
The nucleus controls the structure of the cell by transcribing DNA which encodes for structural proteins such as actin and keratin.
The nucleus is the site of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis, which is important for the construction of ribosomes. Ribosomes are the site of protein translation (synthesis of proteins from amino acids).
Characteristics are transmitted from parent to offspring through genetic material contained in the nucleus.
Mitochondria (ESG53)
A mitochondrion is a membrane bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. This organelle generates the cell's supply of chemical energy by releasing energy stored in molecules from food and using it to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate). ATP is a special type of "energy carrying" molecule.
Structure and function of the mitochondrion
Mitochondria contain two phospholipid bilayers: there is an outer membrane, and an inner membrane. The inner membrane contains many folds called cristae which contain specialised membrane proteins that enable the mitochondria to synthesise ATP. Inside the inner membrane is a jelly-like matrix. Listed from the outermost layer to the innermost compartment, the compartments of the mitochondrion, are:
Outer mitochondrial membrane
Intermembrane space
Inner mitochondrial membrane
Cristae (folds of the inner membrane)
matrix (jelly-like substance within the inner membrane)
Figure 2.21: The major structures of the mitochondrion in three dimensions.
Figure 2.22: Electron micrograph of a mitochondrion.
The table below relates each structure to its function.
Structure Function Adaptation to function
Outer mitochondrial membrane Transfer of nutrients (e.g lipids) to mitochondrion. Has large number of channels to facilitate transfer of molecules.
Intermembrane space Stores large proteins allowing for cellular respiration. Its position between two selectively permeable membranes allows it to have a unique composition compared to the cytoplasm and the matrix.
Inner membrane Stores membrane proteins that allow for energy production. Contains folds known as cristae which provide increased surface area, thus enabling production of ATP (chemical potential energy).
Matrix Contains enzymes that allow for the production of ATP (energy). The matrix is contains a high quantity of protein enzymes which allow for ATP production.
In Life Sciences it is important to note that whenever a structure has an increased surface area, there is an increase in the functioning of that structure.
Endoplasmic reticulum (ESG54)
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells only. The ER has a double membrane consisting of a network of hollow tubes, flattened sheets, and round sacs. These flattened, hollow folds and sacs are called cisternae. The ER is located in the cytoplasm and is connected to the nuclear envelope. There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum: smooth and rough ER.
Smooth ER: does not have any ribosomes attached. It is involved in the synthesis of lipids, including oils, phospholipids and steroids. It is also responsible for metabolism of carbohydrates, regulation of calcium concentration and detoxification of drugs.
Rough ER: is covered with ribosomes giving the endoplasmic reticulum its rough appearance. It is responsible for protein synthesis and plays a role in membrane production. The folds present in the membrane increase the surface area allowing more ribosomes to be present on the ER, thereby allowing greater protein production.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes (ESG55)
Ribosomes are composed of RNA and protein. They occur in the cytoplasm and are the sites where protein synthesis occurs. Ribosomes may occur singly in the cytoplasm or in groups or may be attached to the endoplasmic reticulum thus forming the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes are important for protein production. Together with a structure known as messenger RNA (a type of nucleic acid) ribosomes form a structure known as a polyribosome which is important in protein synthesis.
Diagram: Free Ribosome Diagram: Polyribosome
Figure 2.23: Free ribosomes found within cytoplasm.
Figure 2.24: Diagram of several ribosomes joined together on a strand of mRNA to form a polyribosome.
Golgi body (ESG56)
The Golgi body is found near the nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum. The Golgi body consists of a stack of flat membrane-bound sacs called cisternae. The cisternae within the Golgi body consist of enzymes which modify the packaged products of the Golgi body (proteins).
Figure 2.25: Diagram showing Golgi bodies found in animal cells.
Figure 2.26: TEM Micrograph of Golgi body, visible as a stack of semicircular black rings near the bottom.
The Golgi body was discovered by the Italian physician Camillo Golgi. It was one of the first organelles to be discovered and described in detail because it's large size made it easier to observe.
Functions of the Golgi body
It is important for proteins to be transported from where they are synthesised to where they are required in the cell. The organelle responsible for this is the Golgi Body. The Golgi body is the sorting organelle of the cell.
Proteins are transported from the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) to the Golgi. In the Golgi, proteins are modified and packaged into vesicle. The Golgi body therefore receives proteins made in one location in the cell and transfers these to another location within the cell where they are required. For this reason the Golgi body can be considered to be the 'post office' of the cell.
Vesicles and lysosomes (ESG57)
Vesicles are small, membrane-bound spherical sacs which facilitate the metabolism, transport and storage of molecules. Many vesicles are made in the Golgi body and the endoplasmic reticulum, or are made from parts of the cell membrane. Vesicles can be classified according to their contents and function. Transport vesicles transport molecules within the cell.
Lysosomes are formed by the Golgi body and contain powerful digestive enzymes that can potentially digest the cell. Lysosomes are formed by the Golgi body or the endoplasmic reticulum. These powerful enzymes can digest cell structures and food molecules such as carbohydrates and proteins. Lysosomes are abundant in animal cells that ingest food through food vacuoles. When a cell dies, the lysosome releases its enzymes and digests the cell.
Vacuoles (ESG58)
Vacuoles are membrane-bound, fluid-filled organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of most plant cells, but are very small or completely absent from animal cells. Plant cells generally have one large vacuole that takes up most of the cell's volume. A selectively permeable membrane called the tonoplast, surround the vacuole. The vacuole contains cell sap which is a liquid consisting of water, mineral salts, sugars and amino acids.
Figure 2.27: A vacuole.
Functions of the vacuole
The vacuole plays an important role in digestion and excretion of cellular waste and storage of water and organic and inorganic substances.
The vacuole takes in and releases water by osmosis in response to changes in the cytoplasm, as well as in the environment around the cell.
The vacuole is also responsible for maintaining the shape of plant cells. When the cell is full of water, the vacuole exerts pressure outwards, pushing the cell membrane against the cell wall. This pressure is called turgor pressure.
If there is not sufficient water, pressure exerted by the vacuole is reduced and the cells become flaccid causing the plant to wilt.
Centrioles (ESG59)
Animal cells contain a special organelle called a centriole. The centriole is a cylindrical tube-like structure that is composed of 9 microtubules arranged in a very particular pattern. Two centrioles arranged perpendicular to each other are referred to as a centrosome. The centrosome plays a very important role in cell division. The centrioles are responsible for organising the microtubules that position the chromosomes in the correct location during cell division. You will learn more about their function in the following chapter on Cell Division.
Figure 2.28: A TEM micrograph of a cross-section of a centriole in an animal (rat) cell.
Plastids (ESG5B)
Plastids are organelles found only in plants. There are three different types:
Leucoplasts: White plastids found in roots.
Chloroplasts: Green-coloured plastids found in plants and algae.
Chromoplasts: Contain red, orange or yellow pigments and are common in ripening fruit, flowers or autumn leaves.
Figure 2.29: Plastids perform a variety of functions in plants, including storage and energy production.
The colour of plant flowers such as an orchid is controlled by a specialised organelle in a cell known as the chromoplast.
Chloroplast
The chloroplast is a double-membraned organelle. Within the double membrane is a gel-like substance called stroma. Stroma contains enzymes for photosynthesis. Suspended in the stroma are stack-like structures called grana (singular = granum). Each granum is a stack of thylakoid discs. The chlorophyll molecules (green pigments) are found on the surface of the thylakoid discs. Chlorophyll absorbs energy from the sun in order for photosynthesis to take place in the chloroplasts. The grana are connected by lamellae (intergrana). The lamellae keep the stacks apart from each other.
The structure of the chloroplast is neatly adapted to its function of trapping and storing energy in plants. For example, chloroplasts contain a high density of thylakoid discs and numerous grana to allow for increased surface area for the absorption of sunlight, thus producing a high quantity of food for the plant. Additionally, the lamellae keeping the thylakoids apart maximise chloroplast efficiency, thus allowing as much light as possible to be absorbed in the smallest surface area.
Figure 2.30: Structure of chloroplast.
Figure 2.31: Electron micrograph of chloroplast with grana and thylakoids.
The differences between plant and animal cells (ESG5C)
Now that we have looked at the basic structures and functions of the organelles in a cell, you would have noticed that there are key differences between plant and animal cells. The table below summarises these differences.
Animal Cells Plant Cells
Do not contain plastids. Almost all plants cells contain plastids such chloroplasts, chromoplasts and leucoplasts.
No cell wall. Have a rigid cellulose cell wall in addition to the cell membrane.
Contain centrioles. Do not contain centrioles.
Animals do not have plasmodesmata or pits. Contain plasmodesmata and pits.
Few vacuoles (if any). Large central vacuole filled with cell sap in mature cells.
Nucleus is generally found at the centre of the cytoplasm. Nucleus is found near the edge of the cell.
No intercellular spaces found between the cells. Large intercellular air spaces found between some cells.
Examining plant cells under the microscope
To study the microscopic structures of plant cells.
slides and coverslips
compound microscope
watchglass
petri dish containing water
Peel off the outer most layer of an onion carefully, using a pair of forceps.
Place the peeled layer in a watchglass containing water. Make certain that the onion peel does not roll or fold.
Using a scalpel or a thin blade, cut a square piece of the onion peel (about \(\text{1}\) \(\text{cm$^{2}$}\)).
Remove the thin transparent skin from the inside curve of a small piece of raw onion and place it on a drop of iodine solution on a clean slide.
Cover the peel with a coverslip ensuring that no bubbles are formed.
Using a piece of tissue paper wipe off any excess iodine solution remaining on the slide.
Observe the onion skin under low power of the microscope and then under high power.
Draw a neat diagram of 5-10 cells of the typical cells you can see.
Figure 2.32: Onion cells stained with methylene blue.
Activity 3.1. Preparation of a wet mount
Before the learners do this practical it may be necessary to recap the parts and functions of the microscope and the preparation of a wet mount.
It is necessary to stain the onion to clearly show the parts of the onion under the microscope.
Learners will see a number of closely arranged, brick shaped cells.
Learners to draw 5-10 cells.
Learners should draw label lines to indicate the cell wall, cytoplasm, nucleus and vacuole.
The cells have a regular shape and each cell has a cell wall.
Note: As an extension activity learners can also do wet mount preparations of cheek cells. Methylene Blue can be used to stain the cheek cells.
Examining animal cells under the microscope
To study the microscopic structures of human cheek cells under a compound microscope.
clean ear bud
clean slide
Place a drop of water on a clean glass slide.
Using a clean ear bud, wipe the inside of your cheek. The ear bud will collect a moist film.
Spread the moist film on a drop of water on a clean glass slide, creating a small smear on the slide.
Use a coverslip to cover the slide gently.
Place one or two drops of stain on the side of the cover slip.
Use a piece of tissue to remove the excess dye.
Observe the cheek cells under low power magnification and then under high power magnification.
What are the shapes of epidermal cells of the onion peel and the human cheek cells?
Why is iodine used to stain the onion peel?
What is the difference between the arrangement of cells in onion cells and in human cheek cells?
Why is a cell considered the structural and functional unit of living things?
Figure 2.33: Cheek epithelial cells.
Examining cells under a microscope
The onion cells have a regular shape – roughly rectangular. The cheek epidermal cells have an irregular shape.
The onion peel stores glucose as starch, and starch turns brown iodine solution purple. Using iodine solution as a stain because it will stain the starch purple, which makes the cells more easily visible.
In the onion, the cells are packed regularly, like bricks in a wall. The epidermal cells are packed irregularly – the packing depends on the shape of the cells in the region, which are irregular.
The cell is the smallest unit of life. It contains the DNA necessary to create an entire organism, and is the basic building block from which all tissues and organisms are made. Every cell performs the seven life processes, and so each cell individual cell is living.
Cell organelles
You are required to compile a report on one of the organelles you have studied in class, or any other organelle you choose. Your report must include the following information.
The discovery of the organelle
All past understanding of the organelles structure and/or function that has now changed
The importance of the discovery of the organelle to cell science
The presently understood structure and function of the organelle
A 2-dimensional picture of the organelle showing all the relevant structures of the organelle
An electron-microscope picture of the organelle showing the structure of the organelle
An understanding of the importance of the organelle to human survival
What remains to be discovered or fully understood?
Any important role of the organelle could potentially play with the development of future technology (i.e. in industry or medicine).
Any other additional information or interesting facts you wish to include.
Students are required to present results of their research in a booklet format.
It must be neatly yet creatively set out.
It should include a thorough and correctly structured bibliography.
Students should be marked according to the attached rubric.
Project: Cell Organelles
Mark learners project according to the following guidelines.
Assessing Knowledge
Discovery of the organelle identified
Story of the discovery of the organelle discussed and understood
Future discoveries regarding the organelle discussed and understood
Interpreting Knowledge
Information on the present structure and function of the organelle discussed and understood
2D picture of organelle provided and sufficiently detailed
Micrograph of organelle provided and sufficiently detailed
Additional information supplied
Understanding of content in everyday life
The importance of the discovery of the organelle to science provided and understood
The possible future role of the organelle provided, understood and relevant
Exploring science in the past
Past theories/understanding of the organelle that have changed discussed
Communicating information
Referencing technique correct
Presentation neat
Presentation creative
Diagrams of cells
Diagrams of the cell are very well understood but they often give us the wrong impression about how complicated cells really are. This assignment will help you understand the complexity of cells.
Find and submit a hard copy of \(\text{5}\) micrographs showing different cell organelles.
Draw and label two organelles to demonstrate your drawing, labelling and interpretive skills.
Pay close attention to the following:
The organelles should each comfortably occupy an A5 page.
The organelles must each have a heading that includes the view, title and magnification.
Drawings must follow the drawing skills you have learnt. One drawing must be the same size as the micrograph, the other must be exactly half the size.
Your drawings must have a correct scale line.
State the source of your micrographs according to the Harvard convention.
Marks will be awarded for neatness: present your work as a uniform set.
You must select hard copies well so that are of high quality and can be easily recognisable.
Your images may be of the same organelle but only if the images show some significant variation.
Project: Diagrams of cells
Mark according to the following criteria:
Following instructions: size, quantity (5)
Images: choice, quality, headings, referenced (10)
Drawings: accuracy, realism, scale, labelling (10)
Effort: neatness, professionalism (5)
Revise everything you have learnt about cells by watching this video.
Video: 2CPM


text:
import React, { Component } from 'react';
import './Activate.scss';
import classNames from 'classnames';
import { browserHistory } from 'react-router';
import ReactCSSTransitionGroup from 'react-addons-css-transition-group';
import EventInfoContainer from './../../../components/shared/EventInfo/EventInfo';
import Loading from '../../../components/shared/Loading.js';
import SignIn from './SignIn';
import SignUp from './SignUp';
import Welcome from './Welcome';
import TicketNumber from './TicketNumber';
import SuccessPage from './SuccessPage';
import SelectLogin from './SelectLogin';

class Activate extends Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props);
    this.state = {
      email: '',
      barcode: this.props.location.query.ticketId || '',
      orderNumber: '',
      activateError: null,
      isLoading: false,
      step: 'welcome'
    };
    this.activateTicket = this.activateTicket.bind(this);
    this.renderComponent = this.renderComponent.bind(this);
    this.nextStep = this.nextStep.bind(this);
  }

  async componentDidMount() {
    await this.props.getEventInfo(this.props.params.urlSafeName);
    document.title = `${this.props.event.name} Ticket Activation on Terrapin Ticketing`;
  }

  nextStep(step) {
    this.setState({step});
  }

  async activateTicket(ticketNumber) {
    let { params: { urlSafeName } } = this.props;
    try {
      let resp = await this.props.activateTicket(urlSafeName, this.props.user.email, ticketNumber);
      if (this.props.ticket) this.setState({ticket: this.props.ticket});
    } catch (err) {
      this.setState({ activateError: err});
    }
  }

  renderComponent() {
    switch (this.state.step) {
      case 'welcome':
        return (
          <Welcome
            nextStep={this.nextStep}
            event={this.props.event}
            user={this.props.user}
            key={1}
          />
        );
      case 'select_login':
        return (
          <SelectLogin
            nextStep={this.nextStep}
            event={this.props.event}
            user={this.props.user}
            logout={this.props.logout}
            key={2}
          />
        );
      case 'sign_in':
        return (
          <SignIn
            nextStep={this.nextStep}
            login={this.props.login}
            key={3}
          />
        );
      case 'sign_up':
        return (
          <SignUp
            nextStep={this.nextStep}
            signup={this.props.signup}
            key={4}
          />
        );
      case 'ticket_number':
        return (
          <TicketNumber
            nextStep={this.nextStep}
            // validateTicketNumber={(ticketNumber) => this.props.validateTicketNumber(this.props.params.urlSafeName, ticketNumber)}
            activateTicket={this.activateTicket}
            barcode={this.state.barcode}
            error={this.props.error}
            key={5}
          />
        );
      case 'finish':
        return (
          <SuccessPage
            ticket={this.state.ticket}
            event={this.props.event}
            openSellTicketModal={this.props.openSellTicketModal}
            openTransferTicketModal={this.props.openTransferTicketModal}
            key={6}
          />
        )
    }
  }

  render() {
    let user = this.props.user;
    let progressWidth = (this.state.step === 'welcome') ? '0%' :
      (this.state.step === 'select_login') ? '25%' :
      (this.state.step === 'sign_in') ? '50%' :
      (this.state.step === 'sign_up') ? '50%' :
      (this.state.step === 'ticket_number') ? '75%' : '100%';
    if (!this.props.event || !this.props.event._id) {
      return (
        <Loading />
      );
    }
    return (

        {/*
 browserHistory.push('/')}>closeCancel
 */}

           browserHistory.push('/events')}
            style={{margin: '0 auto', width: '75%', padding: 25, cursor: 'pointer'}}
            src={require('../../../layouts/assets/img/tt-logo-text-bottom-grn.svg')} />
          <ReactCSSTransitionGroup
            component="div"
            className="activate-transition"
            transitionAppear={true}
            transitionAppearTimeout={600}
            transitionEnterTimeout={600}
            transitionLeaveTimeout={200}
            transitionName="Appear" >
              {this.renderComponent()}
            </ReactCSSTransitionGroup>

    );
  }
}

export default Activate;


(NewsUSA) – Pet owners love being greeted at the door by their furry companions — but coming home to see the sofa in chunks on the floor amid the smiling jowls of our pet isn't the welcome we hope for."We all love spending time with our dogs, but we need to leave them at home alone sometimes," says certified dog trainer, Laura Roach, from the nationally trusted pet care franchise Camp Bow Wow. "Nobody wants to come home to chewed-up shoes or ripped furniture. A tired dog is a good dog, so it's important to give them exercise and socialization."Ensuring your pooch is well-behaved while you're gone is an important piece of dog training, but that doesn't mean they should remain cooped up all day. Dogs need exercise, and if they're holed up indoors for too long, they can develop behavioral or health issues or leave a messy accident behind for you to clean up.As Roach noted, an over abundance of both energy and boredom usually explains why some dogs go nuts when left alone. See what professional dog trainers recommend to curb chewing antics.1.	Drop your dog off at doggy day care several days a week. Services like those at Camp Bow Wow provide over 100 convenient locations across the country, where your pup can play and socialize all day while you are at work.2.	Hire a pet sitter to take Fido for a 30-minute walk at least twice a week. Most pet care facilities offer an at-home component. For example, Camp Bow Wow has certified Home Buddies care givers to get your dog out of the house for a well-deserved break.3.	Purchase some interactive dog toys to keep your pet busy while you're gone. Interactive toys are puzzles that challenge your dog's mind and make them more likely to rest when they are done playing.4.	Keep your pet stimulated. When dogs are mentally exhausted, they don't have time to think about getting into trouble. In addition to buying toys that are designed to be challenging, pet owners can take obedience or agility classes. Hire a Behavior Buddies Trainer to come to your home to give you tips on how to wear your dog out mentally and ensure your home is "dog proof."Curious what Fido can do to a living room when left home alone without exercise or attention? Play the interactive Facebook game "Bad to the Bone" at www.facebook.com/campbowwow.While on Camp Bow Wow's Facebook page, you can also vote for the finalists from their nationwide search for the worst-behaved dog. Dogs will be matched in a weekly interactive face-off contest where the winner will receive a Camp Bow Wow gift certificate. Learn more about various services from the brand you trust at www.campbowwow.com.


text:
Jailed Chinese Dissident in Poor Health
By Epoch Times Staff
September 27, 2008 Updated: October 1, 2015
Human rights activists Hu Jia (R) and his wife Zeng Jinyan (L) during their house arrest, monitored by police and internal security police, in their housing complex ironically named Bobo Freedom City. (Frederic J. Brown/AFP/Getty Images)
BEIJING—The health of a jailed Buddhist Chinese dissident outspoken on Tibet and other sensitive topics, is poor and he is not being allowed to communicate freely with his family, according to a source who met him recently.
Hu's wife, Zeng Jinyan, disappeared prior to the Olympics and is believed to be under house arrest in an undisclosed location.
Hu Jia was found guilty of "inciting subversion of state power" in April for criticising the ruling Communist Party, a verdict that drew quick condemnation from the United States, Britain and the United Nations.
He is now serving a three-and-a-half year sentence in a prison in Beijing's neighbouring city of Tianjin, and has been mentioned as a potential winner of this year's Nobel Peace Prize.
The Communist regime this week attempted to put pressure on the Nobel Prize selection committee to not select Hu, by veiled threats and voicing of its 'displeasure'.
Reuters reported that a source close to the activist who asked not to be identified and who was allowed to see Hu this week, said that although he was apparently not being beaten at this time, Hu had been placed in solitary confinement in chains at least once.
"Because Hu Jia spread discussion of human rights amongst prisoners that was not beneficial to the management of the jail, he was placed in solitary confinement for a day on Aug. 13, shut in a cell for 24 hours in handcuffs and leg chains," the source said, citing prison officials.
Because of Hu's high international profile, his treatment in jail is likely to be much more lenient than that meted out to other dissidents.
Other prisoners are not allowed to lend Hu reading materials, and his letters to his family are read by prison officials who demand rewrites if they are not satisfied with the contents, the source added.
As Hu is a devout Buddhist, he sticks to a strict vegetarian diet, which is causing nutritional problems for him in jail, the source said.
"I saw that his gums were pale, and I'm worried that he is anaemic and malnourished," the source added.
Jail officials could not immediately be reached for comment.
Starting with advocacy for rural AIDS sufferers, Hu emerged as one of the nation's most vocal advocates of democratic rights, religious freedom and self-determination for Tibet.
Hu was detained in late December after being under house arrest in a Beijing apartment complex since July, 2006.
With Reuters
Star Wars' C-3PO Feels the Force of Shen Yun
Actor Anthony Daniels, most well known for playing the walking, talking golden robot C-3PO in the Star Wars films, said Shen Yun Performing Arts was a moving ...
Sixth Year Seeing Shen Yun
Lily Elnaccash, a high school student, saw Shen Yun Performing Arts for the sixth year in a row on Saturday.
Business Owner Charmed by Shen Yun's 'Extraordinary' Colours
Lucien Bouchard and his wife, Monique, enjoyed Shen Yun Performing Arts at Place des Arts in Montreal on Jan. 4.
New Zealand Apologizes to Megaupload Founder
By Alex Johnston, Epoch Times
New Zealand Prime Minister John Key apologized to millionaire Megaupload founder Kim Dotcom after the country's spy agency unlawfully monitored him, leading to his arrest.


Dee Zee diamond bed rail caps combine classic truck style with rough and tough durability. They are an ideal solution for guarding your bed rails against dents, dings, and scratches when hauling anything with your truck.
Constructed using heavy duty aluminum, Dee Zee diamond plate bed rail caps are the top of the line when it comes to truck bed protection. They are resistant to rust and corrosion, which ensures your truck bed caps will be long lasting and continue to look great for years to come. Thanks to their diamond plate pattern, they have an added amount of strength and durability over other bed caps.
When ordering your Dee Zee diamond plate bed rail caps, you have the option of choosing either classic Brite Tread or matte black finishes. Both will add a sleek and slick look to your pickup truck that admirers and onlookers will love. They are also available with or without the stake pocket hole cut outs in order to personalize them to your unique needs. Each pair is also made to fit the make and model of your truck.


Could you volunteer to help us make The Hospice Herd?
Would you like to become a "Hospice Herder" and help to make our popular Sheep and Highland Cows?
Led by Margaret Harkins, our craft group volunteers in Workington have now made almost 1000 of the sheep and highland cow doorstops, which we affectionately refer to as The Hospice Herd.
Recent coverage on television and in the papers has resulted in a huge demand for these handmade characters. We have been inundated with requests from as far away as Australia and America!
Sales of these doorstops have already raised over £10,000 to support our charity and we know there is a demand for them.
You can do this in your own home. We will give you training and the materials, your donation to us is your time and skill.
We are also looking for someone to lead this group of volunteers to make the project seamless.
If you would like to find out more about how you can join our Knitting Ninjas, know a Super Stitcher or would like to help in some way, then get in touch with our volunteer coordinator, Teresa on 01900 873173 or email us on info@hhwc.org.uk.
Reg. Charity No. 1086837 Reg. Company Limited by Guarantee No. 4191126 Reg. Office: Upper Floor, Cumbria House, New Oxford Street, Workington, CA14 2NA.


text:
Q: Tag AWS sub-accounts guys is there any way to tag all aws sub-accounts programmatically? Been playing with tag editor but it is only helpful with the resources, looking to tag almost 20 sub-accounts

A: There is a boto3 client for AWS organizations.
https://boto3.amazonaws.com/v1/documentation/api/latest/reference/services/organizations.html#client

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Ellicottville and surrounding communities never let the dog days of summer get them down when so many activities are available for folks of all ages and interests. The next several weeks offer fabulous music, a host of family-friendly events, great eats and so much more! Take a look at what's in store and make plans today to visit and stay awhile!
Ellicottville's Jazz and Blues Weekend is truly a unique experience. Wander through the village and choose from a variety of jazz and blues performance areas along the streets and in the restaurants, bars and nightclubs all weekend long.
Seven bands will take the main stage on Monroe Street, just off the main drag. Other performances are scheduled in bars and cafes throughout the village, including the Town Gazebo, the Gin Mill, Ellicottville Brewing Company, Balloons, Madigan's and others.
Main acts include B.D. Lenz, the Mick Hays Band, Mark Mazur and the Little Big Band, and more. See page 3 for the full lineup.
The Cattaraugus County Department of Economic Development and the Onoville Marina is sponsoring its sixth annual OnoFest at the Marina this weekend from 1-9:30 p.m. The family-oriented event features arts, crafts, delicious food, games and contests for young and old alike. Bands will play throughout the day with a grand finale fireworks display at dusk.
Featured bands include Crush at 1 p.m., The Band Archives at 2:30 p.m., TPT (Teachers, Preachers & Trent) at 5 p.m. and the Porcelain Bus Drivers at 7:30 p.m. Admission is just $5 a carload. For more information, visit www.onoville.org.
The Cattaraugus County Fair returns to the County Fairgrounds in Little Valley for its 171st year! The week of good, clean fun features 21 amusement rides, games, animals, great carnival food, live music, a demolition derby, magic shows, chainsaw carving, a passel of pound puppies, and much more. Agricultural events include 4-H horse shows, goat shows, donkey and mule shows, rabbit shows, sheep shows, a petting zoo and the Barnyard Olympics. Free evening entertainment will be held at the grandstand July 27 – 31.
From Aug. 1-4, evening grandstand entertainment (for an additional fee) includes Justin Moore in concert Aug. 1, the Monster Truck Rally on Aug. 2, the USA East-sanctioned Big Rig Pull Series and WNY Pro Stock Tractor Pull on Aug. 3 and the Championship Demolition Derby on Aug. 4.
Tickets can be purchased at the fairgrounds located at Route 353 and N. Ninth St. in Little Valley, and at Cattaraugus County Banks and Olean Area Community Banks. General admission is $9. Age 15 and Under Youth Day (July 31, 8 a.m.–4 p.m.) is $6 and Senior Citizen Day (Aug. 1, 8 a.m.–4 p.m.) is $6. For a complete schedule of events, visit www.cattarauguscofair.com or call (716) 938-9146.
Come spend a fun summer's evening at Red House Beach as Allegany State Park and the Cattaraugus County Arts Council (CCAC) team up for their sixth annual Beach Party from 6-10 p.m.
The event features an art show, called "Works on Wood," with local artists' interpretation of campstools, signs, baskets, and hiking sticks, a silent auction, live music by ASP's own Kevin McCarthy and the New York Rockin' Revue, kids' activities, a lifeguard competition and a fireworks display over Red House Lake.
Proceeds from the silent auction support arts programming in the park in conjunction with the CCAC. For more information, visit http://www.myartscouncil.net.
Gowanda Harley-Davidson's fifth annual classic car and bike show rides again on Aug. 10 from 10 a.m. – 3 p.m. The event features Rat Rods, Street Rods and Pre-85 American-Made Bikes, along with live music from Buffalo Rock and Roll Hall of Famer Bobby Lebel and his Damn Fine Rebels. It's free to register a vehicle and free to attend, so stop on by, vote for your favorites and enjoy the day. For more information, visit www.gowandaharley.com.
The Taste of Ellicottville is your opportunity to sample the best that Ellicottville's fine restaurants have to offer as they set up "cafe style" on the streets for your enjoyment. Tickets are $1 each and tasting menu items range from $1-$4. You can purchase tickets at the main ticket booth centrally located in the village.
The event takes place throughout the village from noon – 4 p.m. both Saturday and Sunday and is sponsored by the Ellicottville Chamber of Commerce. A complete list of participants and menu offerings will be available soon at www.ellicottvilleny.com.
Celebrate summer with a wonderful day at Griffis Sculpture Park surrounded by art, musical performances, tours, artist displays and a children's crafts tent. Musical performances feature John & Mary and the Valkyries, Sly Boots School of Music, Randle and the Late Night Scandals, The Observers and the Jony James Blues Band. Tickets are $10 for adults, children 12 and under are free. Tickets are available at the gate. The event runs from noon to 6:30 p.m.; gates open at 11 a.m. For more information, visit Griffis Sculpture Park Summer Festival on Facebook.
The Greater Olean Area Chamber of Commerce (GOACC), Gowanda Harley-Davidson and the Greater Olean Motorcycle Enthusiasts will host the 11th annual Rally in the Valley in Olean. The five-day event is a motorcycle rally with proceeds benefitting a host of community charities. Since 2003, the event has grown from a two-day rally with three contests and 2,500 spectators to a five-day production with seven contests and more than 8,300 attendees.
The Rally Warm-up event will be held Aug. 21 at the CUTCO/Ka-Bar Visitors Center from 5-7 p.m. and will feature a chicken BBQ, music, door prizes and the unveiling of the annual Rally Commemorative Cutco Knife. The event continues through the weekend with a Street Masters Car Show, the Hammerback Bar & Grill Sunday Dice Run, and so much more. Prizes include a Harley-Davidson 2013 Street Glide FLHX and a 2012 CarMate enclosed, two-bike trailer. Visit www.oleanny.com.
One of Ellicottville's favorite dinner parties is scheduled for Aug. 24 at John Harvard's Cabana Bar & Pool Complex at Holiday Valley. Sponsored by the Rotary Club of Ellicottville, Voodoo Moon raises funds for the Rotary Foundation for Youth and Family Support.
The evening features gourmet cocktails, entrees with a Cajun theme provided by the best restaurants in town, and sumptuous desserts by Tom Kneeland and Watson's Chocolates. You'll also enjoy a silent auction and the great music of Lee Ron Zydeco. Tickets are $65 per person. For more information, visit www.ellicottvilleny.com.


The Yale New Haven Health System Center for Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Response (YNHHS-CEPDR) is committed to developing and delivering services that advance healthcare planning, preparedness and response for emergency events and disasters through collaborative partnerships and coordinated programs within Connecticut, across the nation and around the world. The Yale New Haven Health System Center for Healthcare Solutions (YNHHS-CHS) is dedicated to making national and international healthcare organizations and systems more effective, safe and secure. Leveraging its clinical and operational understanding of healthcare systems, extensive expertise and a national network of partners and subject matter experts, YNHHS-CHS disseminates programs and services nationally and internationally.
The Patient Safety Training Library from Yale New Haven Health System Center for Healthcare Solutions provides clinical and non-clinical healthcare workers with an overview of different types of HAIs prevalent in the healthcare setting.
This course is designed to educate staff on influenza types and provides effective steps an organization must take in order to prepare for a flu pandemic and prevent transmission of the disease among patients and staff. Recommended for all employees.
The federal Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act (PAHPA) encourages the Department of Health and Human Services to promote appropriate pre-disaster activities at the state and local level to address the medical health needs of at-risk individuals. Small Victims, Big Challenges: Pediatric Triage, Treatment and Recovery for Emergencies (EM 250) introduces clinicians acting as first receivers to the unique challenges encountered with children in a disaster incident.


Why It Is Better to Sell Your Home to a Fast House Buyer If you want to sell your house really fast, then your best option is to sell it to a fast house buyer. With fast house buyers, you could sell your house in less than a month. There is no longer a need to have a real estate agent sell your home and you don't need to worry if a sale will go through. If you are not comfortable with strangers looking all around your home, then this can be avoided. These are the advantages of selling your house fast for cash. There are reasons why people want to sell their houses fast. One reason is because of the frustration one feels when waiting for an offer after putting your home in the market. There are others who need the money fast. A fast house sale lets you sell your home when it is most convenient for you. You take control on handling the problems you face such as relocation, debt, separation and divorce, bereavement, or repossession. And today these are the reasons why people want to sell their houses fast. If you opt for the traditional open market sales, you have no guarantees. there are timetables set by lenders and solicitors once you receive an offer, but you are under their mercy when it comes to time. You will not know when the sale will be completed and when you will get your money.
There are only a few simple steps when fast house buyers handle a sale. If you give information that will help fast cash buyers, they will set an initial value of your property. Then the process will be explained to you upon their visit to your home.
If you are a private person and you want to keep the details private, it is possible for these fast house buyer to work long distance. You don't have to wait long for the process. You can easily get your cash within a month or whenever is suitable to you. IF you sell your house to fast house buyers you get a bonus. With traditional house sales, you are to leave your house when the sale is completed but not with fast cash buyers because you can continue to live in your house. You can rent back your house and you can remain in your home while paying a rental figure in line with the market. Now you don't have to spend in maintaining the house. There are many companies that carry out fast house sales. As in, your house will be bought and within a month you will receive a cash sum.
This entry was posted in real estate on February 7, 2017 by partner niqefairuz.


Google told us earlier that two News publisher features is going away. Specifically the ability to highlight mobile apps in the Google News Publisher Center and News crawl error tool on Search Console. Well, when we reported it and days after as well, the News crawl error tool on Search Console was still there.
Now, as of today, you can no longer see your crawl errors in Google Search Console specific to news sites.
I should note, the Google News Publisher Center mobile apps section is still there, for now.
I suspect the normal crawl errors work fine for most issues but the news specific issues are gone. As I covered at Search Engine Land weeks ago, those specific errors included these errors Article disproportionately short, Article fragmented, Article too long, Article too short, Date not found, Date too old, Empty article, Extraction failed, No sentences found, Off-site redirect, Page too large, Title not allowed, Title not found, Uncompression failed, and Unsupported content type. This was also removed from the Google help document.


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EU to decide tonight whether to agree on new Brexit delay
EU will decide tonight whether agree on new Brexit delay
Europost , Brussels
EU leaders will meet tonight in Brussels for an extraordinary European Council sitting to see what British PM Theresa May will propose them and then to decide whether to agree on new Brexit delay. As the European Council President Donald Tusk wrote in his invitation letter to the EUCO members, PM May has sent him a request the exit date to be postponed for 30 June.
The European Council chief however expressed doubts about the new date, saying "our experience so far, as well as the deep divisions within the House of Commons, give us little reason to believe that the ratification process can be completed by the end of June". In reality, granting such an extension would increase the risk of a rolling series of short extensions and emergency summits, creating new cliff-edge dates, he warned.
Tusk also reiterated that given the risks posed by a no-deal Brexit for people and businesses on both sides of the English Channel this scenario should be avoided.
In her letter, PM May stated that the UK government's policy remains to leave the EU in an orderly way, and that it is therefore now seeking a consensus across the House of Commons on the right way forward. PM May wrote Tusk that if the UK were an EU member on 23 May 2019, it would be under a legal obligation to hold elections to the European Parliament.
This morning the Commission has taken stock of the European Union's intense 'no-deal' preparations and has issued practical guidance to Member States in 5 areas. These areas include citizens' residence and social security entitlements, data protection, medicine and medical devices, police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters, and fisheries.
The aim of the guidance is to ensure the smooth practical implementation of EU and national contingency measures, if the United Kingdom were to leave the EU without a deal on 12 April, or at a later date, and to maintain a coordinated approach throughout any such 'no-deal' phase. A 'no-deal' withdrawal will cause disruption and is not desirable, but the EU is fully prepared for it, the EU executive underlines.
Package on EU lead jobs agreed
If backed by the EP, Ursula von der Leyen will be the first woman to lead the European Commission
Ursula von der Leyen, German defence minister, was the choice of the EU leaders for President of the European Commission. Charles Michel, Belgium's PM, was unanimously elected as a European Council President and President of the Euro Summit. For foreign policy chief was preferred Josep Borrell, Spain's foreign minister. The head of the IMF, Christine Lagarde, who led the French finance ministry from 2007 to 2011, was proposed to head the European Central Bank.
Awaiting 'white smoke' from the Europa Building today
EU leaders have to decide on who will replace Juncker in November, as well as on other top jobs
At 11am today starts the most decisive third day of the special summit that has to choose the leadership for the next institutional cycle. On Sunday, the first day of this extraordinary sitting, the alleged deal brokered on the sidelines of the G20 summit in Osaka by the leaders of France, Germany, Spain and the Netherlands - that the socialists' lead candidate will be preferred for the EU Commission top job - seemed to be a good starting point for breaking the standstill.
Finland's Presidency of EU Council kicks off
Finland took over the rotating six-month EU presidency from Romania today with the motto "Sustainable Europe – Sustainable Future", news wires reported. The country will put action to combat climate change at the heart of its EU Presidency, PM Antti Rinne told the parliament in Helsinki last week.
First step towards Macron-backed Eurozone budget
Big battle for EU top jobs kicks off
Shaping up the future of Europe
EU27 leaders gather in Sibiu for their informal summit
Macron accuses EU leaders of falling short on climate goals
EU agrees short delay to Brexit
EU to require biometrics on national ID cards
EU adds 7 Syrian ministers to sanctions list


Rainwater is captured and stored in unused wine tanks at Jackson Family Wines.
As many of us know, water traditionally has been undervalued for quite some time and does not accurately represent the actual true cost of water to a company. Because of this, the financial incentives and the return on investment (ROI) for water conservation projects just aren't there.
And because this real cost of water has not been adequately detailed, investments in water efficiency and conservation have not historically scaled with GDP. As a result, instead of becoming more productive with an important and less abundant resource, many economies are becoming less productive and efficient (PDF) with water resources because there is little incentive to discourage waste.
When businesses can understand the true cost of the water they are using, they will see a better ROI on potential water efficiency and water reuse projects and will be more likely to invest in such projects. The true cost of water would include all costs associated with purchasing the water, the energy to pump the water, the energy to heat water, the energy to treat the water (if treating pre- or post-use) and the costs of disposing of the water.
When businesses can understand the true cost of the water they use, they will see a better ROI on potential water efficiency and water reuse projects and will be more likely to invest.
With some tools, it's actually possible to take this a step further by including calculations on the potential costs associated with water-related risks. Quantifying the true cost of water for each of an organization's facilities will help more accurately understand the real cost savings behind potential water conservation investments.
Beverage Industry Environmental Roundtable (BIER) True Cost of Water Toolkit: This interactive tool can help facilities within the beverage industry and beyond to better determine direct costs associated with their most water-intensive processes.
The toolkit defines a set of pinch points or processes within a typical beverage facility with high water cost variability. For each pinch point, a true cost of water tip sheet and easy-to-use calculation worksheet has been developed. After using the True Cost of Water Toolkit, many facilities find that their true cost of water is at least 2-4 times higher than they had originally thought based on simply using their water bill as a gauge.
Veolia True Cost of Water: Veolia Water Technologies is a French water company with 130 locations around the world. Veolia developed a metric tool called the "True Cost of Water" to help monetize both direct costs and externalities of water use in order to optimize decision-making in terms not only of risk management but also of the creation of new opportunities.
The tool combines traditional calculations of capital and operating expenditures with analysis of water risks and their financial implications for businesses and organizations. The four levels of cost accounting for the Veolia tool include direct costs, indirect costs, risk impacts and missed opportunities.
Rutgers University True Cost of Water: With this tool, Colgate Palmolive (PDF) found that its average true cost of water is 2.5 times more than the purchase cost. Elsewhere, Yara Valley Water in Melbourne, Australia, underwent a process to understand the total costs of its water use and found that each cubic meter of water conserved delivers $6 through avoided damage to the environment. With this information, the utility can understand the true payback of investments in water efficiency and conservation improvements.
Aaron Stainthorp, who manages water stewardship and sustainability for Jackson Family Wines.
I was fortunate to have the opportunity to lead sustainability initiatives in the wine industry as director of regenerative development at Fetzer Vineyards from 2014 to 2017. During my time working in the wine industry, I've been part of a number of cutting-edge water initiatives — from innovative wastewater treatment systems to smart water management technology.
Another company doing great sustainability work in the wine industry, and one I've become very familiar with while providing them GHG emission consulting services for the past year, is Jackson Family Wines. The company has used various true cost of water frameworks to help it understand the true cost of water for various operations, in various facilities from various water sources.
For prioritizing investments: "They all pretty much do the same thing — you're assigning a value to water. In doing this, it's been really eye-opening because now when we start looking at water conservation projects, we can pretty quickly understand the dollar value to the company," Stainthorp explained.
He mentioned that the tools have been very useful for prioritizing investments because "each one of our sites has a different cost of water. Using these tools helps us determine where we want to prioritize projects more than others," he added.
For understanding impacts of water source and quality: Stainthorp gave an example of how using the true cost of water helped the company save money by sending a different water source to one of its facility cooling towers.
Stainthorp explained the benefits of taking this true cost of water approach even further by combining it with detailed water balances of a facility, which can then help you determine the water costs for every single operation in the facility.
"It starts to be easy to make justifications for upgrading various equipment and why you are doing certain procedures in your facility," he said. To accomplish this, real-time water meters will be valuable because as you go deeper and deeper into this exercise, "the better data you have the better decisions you can make," he added.
Stainthorp's point about using smart water management technology to help your organization make these decisions around water is important. Once you understand your true cost of water, these technologies are useful to inventory that water use, identify opportunities for improvement and prioritize water conservation projects.
It starts to be easy to make justifications for upgrading various equipment and why you are doing certain procedures in your facility.
Water technology companies such as Apana are providing these opportunities to large facilities by using internet of things technology to help facilities track, monitor and assess water use, as well as provide alerts when mechanical failures or leaks are detected.
Understanding an organization's true cost of water, while also researching and learning about new water technology solutions, can help sustainability leaders understand and communicate the true ROI of potential water conservation projects and more successfully sell these projects to the company's CFO and leadership team.
WaterStart is a Las Vegas-based organization I have become very familiar with after providing consulting services to them for the past year. This non-profit organization brings together large water-using organizations with water technology solution providers from around the world and is a great place to learn about and stay informed on some of the most cutting-edge water tech companies on the market.
Identifying water technology solutions and using them as part of a true cost of water strategy can go a long way in getting more water conservation projects approved and implemented for your corporate sustainability program.


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"One of the tests of the civilization of people is the treatment of its criminals."
"I know nothing of man's rights, or woman's rights; human rights are all that I recognise."
Sarah M. Grimke
"Punishment is the last and least effective instrument in the hands of the legislator for the prevention of crime."
"Reason is the life of the law; nay, the common law itself is nothing else but reason."
"Lawyers spend their professional careers shoveling smoke."
"War is organized murder, and nothing else."
Henry John "Harry" Patch
"No one can earn a million dollars honestly."
Richness and Money
"Nothing is illegal if a hundred businessmen decide to do it."
"Criminal: A person with predatory instincts who has not sufficient capital to form a corporation."
"A compromise is an agreement whereby both parties get what neither of them wanted."
"A verbal contract isn't worth the paper it is written on."
Samuel Goldwyn
"Nature is the only murderer who is not convicted."
"Wealthy criminals are the only refuge for morally bankrupt attorneys."
"Crimes of which a people is ashamed constitute its real history. The same is true of man."
Jean Genet "Notes for The Screens"
"Court Room Trial: Manipulation of the facts by two High-Priced salesmen, each attempting to sell his own version of the truth."
"How easy it is to judge rightly after one sees what evil comes from judging wrongly!"
Elizabeth Gaskell "Wives and Daughters"
"An unjust law is itself a species of violence."
Mahatma Gandhi "Non-Violence in Peace and War"
"Nature has given women so much power that the law has wisely given them very little."
"The law says you can have only one spouse. This is called monotony."
"Many of us do not believe in capital punishment, because thus society takes from a man what society cannot give."
Katharine Fullerton Gerould "Modes and Morals"
"Don't confuse what you got a right to do with what's right to do."
William Bennett
"The difference between outlaws and inlaws is outlaws are wanted."
"The great nations have always acted like gangsters and the small nations like prostitutes."
History and Nations
"The lawyer's truth is not Truth, but consistency or a consistent expediency."
Henry David Thoreau "The Writings of Henry David Thoreau"
"What's breaking into a bank compared with founding a bank?"
Bertolt Brecht "The Threepenny Opera"
"Law stands mute in the midst of arms."
Marcus Tullius Cicero "Pro Milone"
"Lawyers are the only persons in whom ignorance of the law is not punished."
"If people are good only because they fear punishment, and hope for reward, then we are a sorry lot indeed."
"If Moses had gone to Harvard Law School and spent three years working on the Hill, he would have written the Ten Commandments with three exceptions and a saving clause."
Charles Morgan
"Crime is naught but misdirected energy."
Emma Goldman "Anarchism and Other Essays"
"Obedience keeps the rules. Love knows when to break them."
"The law isn't justice. It's a very imperfect mechanism. If you press exactly the right buttons and are also lucky, justice may show up in the answer. A mechanism is all the law was ever intended to be."
Raymond Chandler "The Long Goodbye"
"The Constitution only gives people the right to pursue happiness. You have to catch it yourself."
"It is better for you to suffer an injustice than for the world to be without law."
"Flattery corrupts both the receiver and the giver."
"It is the privilege of those who fear love to murder those who do not fear it!"
May Sarton
"Men are not hanged for stealing horses, but that horses may not be stolen."
George Savile
"The law often allows what honor forbids."
Bernard Joseph Saurin
"Time is a great legalizer, even in the field of morals."
Henry Louis Mencken
"Justice is what is established; and thus all our established laws will necessarily be regarded as just without examination, since they are established."
Blaise Pascal "Pensées"
"When two people marry they become in the eyes of the law one person, and that one person is the husband!"
Shana Alexander "State-by-State Guide to Women`s Legal Rights"
"The law will never make a man free; it is men who have got to make the law free. "
Henry David Thoreau "Slavery in Massachusetts"
Freedom and Servitude
"There are no illegitimate children, only illegitimate parents - if the term is to be used at all."
Bernadette McAliskey
"If there were no bad people there would be no good lawyers."
Charles Dickens "The Old Curiosity Shop"
"Like art and politics, gangsterism is a very important avenue of assimilation into society."
E. L. Doctorow
"Men are not governed by justice, but by law or persuasion. When they refuse to be governed by law or persuasion, they have to be governed by force or fraud, or both."
George Bernard Shaw "Misalliance"
"Natural law is only whatever happens in your lifetime within fifty miles of you."
"Revenge is a kind of wild justice, which the more a man's nature runs to, the more ought law to weed it out."
Francis Bacon "Essays"


Alred, A.R. (2016). Exploration of student biodiversity knowledge and decision-making for a wildlife conservation socioscientific issue. Masters Thesis, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska.
Global biodiversity, a foundation for ecosystem function, is diminishing at a rate unprecedented in the last 50 years. Biodiversity loss and ecosystem services deterioration is linked to increased food insecurity, reduced water quality and availability, decreased energy security, higher economic losses and human suffering (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005). Consequently, educators should invest in supporting students in their development of ecological understanding and formal decision-making skills so they are equipped with meaningful tools they can use as scientifically literate citizens. To contribute to that mission, this study seeks to explore student 1) comprehension and explanation of biodiversity concepts and 2) decision-making in the face of a conservation issue.
Past research shows that students at all levels of education have difficulty explaining genetic variability, which is a key concept underlying biodiversity, natural selection, and species conservation. In the first part of the study, I explore middle school, high school, and undergraduate student understanding of genetic variability in the context of a captive breeding program for wildlife conservation. Results suggest that several alternative conceptions of genetic variability persist across all grade levels.
In the second part of the study, I explore how undergraduate students make decisions in unstructured and structured decision-making settings when posed with a question relating to mountain lion conservation in Nebraska. Some variables (e.g., value orientations, demographic information, or ecology knowledge) are predictive of students' management decisions depending on the context of the question. Findings suggest that student decision-making may be more closely linked to students' value orientations, social identity and conservation knowledge than to students' stated objectives and evaluation criteria related to mountain lion hunting. This study also suggests that a structured decision-making framework can be an effective tool to support students' examination of value tradeoffs among options for solving complex problems. I provide teaching implications for using these tools in supporting students to make formal, holistic decisions for complex socioscientific issues that transfer to real-world contexts.


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Q: UITableView does not repopulate with reloadData I have a UITableView that successfully populates with a NSMutableArray. However, when I try to use a search function that I have implemented, the UITableView does not repopulate at all.
The NSMutableArray also contains the correct number of objects according to the search but when realoadData is called, the numberOfSections and numberOfRows methods are called, but the cellForRow method is not (even though the search returns 1 item). The delegate and datasource for the UITableView are correctly set up and connected using IB.
I am happy to paste some code, but I am unsure as to what relevant code would be helpful in discussion here.
Thanks

A: Answer: Just me being stupid and using a saved NSArray rather than the updated NSMutableArray to populate the table. Silly me...


Do you sleep on a silk or satin pillowcase?
I don't sleep on a silk or satin pillowcase (though I do like those with a high thread count). I used to try all that back in the day, but it didn't really help me. Now I've found the most important thing is all the other stuff: how we wash and comb, how I put my hair up at night, and refresh it in the morning, and not damaging it. .


There is nothing in the GAME mode and nothing shows when the game is installed.
Unity 5.4.0f3 (64-bit) Crahed on startup!
I cant download assets, when i click on the download button nothing happens?
Bit of code repeated 4 times under different conditions, making unity "not respond"
Need to talk to a unity developer... this is a rediculous issue.
Nothing happens when I import my terrain?
[Resolved]When I go into Unity3D (not Pro), there's only a black screen. How do I fix this?
hey is there way to do nothing?
My object don't spawn as expected so what should I do?
Why is the code not called?


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Vendrogno (Valvarronese: ) was a comune (municipality) in the Province of Lecco in the Italian region Lombardy, located about  north of Milan and about  north of Lecco; part of Bellano since the 1° january 2020.

The location is accessible from the main valley Valsassina, 4 km from the municipality of Taceno, and the Lake Como, which is  8 km distant by the municipality of Bellano.

Vendrogno used to border the following municipalities: Bellano, Casargo, Dervio, Parlasco, Taceno, Tremenico.

San Lorenzo is the name of the church in the center of Vendrogno. There are several other churches located in Vendrogno.

References

External links
 Official website

Cities and towns in Lombardy
Valsassina

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Max is curled up on my open laptop while I listen, sip, and knit.
I have been on a cast on spree for both shop and personal knitting. These past two days off from work have been really productive knit-wise. I've been spending a lot of time with PB's Cowgirl Butterfly Astronaut Vest, and at this moment I just need to complete the second sleeve ruffle and the button band. I also cast on for the Cambrian Cowl from Coastal Knits in Imperial Yarn Native Twist. That bulky yarn is just flying off the needles, and is now waiting for me to pick up stitches and knit the flared yoke portion at the bottom.
While working on these two projects, I have also been catching up on podcasts (Stash and Burn, Knitmore Girls) and television (The Walking Dead season 2). It feels really good to spend some time catching up on these simple activities in between the tasks and concerns of everyday life. What are you watching or listening to as you knit this week?
Looks like Max is just as helpful as Mookie! She was sitting on my chart.
I've finally committed to a knitting project (although tempted to cast on for two others), and will knit while watching Glee tonight. Only the purlback rows, though. Still following the chart. New design. Hoping it turns out to be as awesome as my dream for it!
I have nominated your blog as one of my five blogs for the Liebster Award. Liebster is a German word that means dearest, beloved, or favorite. This award is from fellow bloggers and must be given to blogs that have fewer than 200 followers (that would be me!) This is an opportunity for the blogging community to connect and share blogs they have enjoyed and been inspired by with others and I am truly glad to be able to nominate you. Please read my blog to find out the details! Be blessed!


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Populations in Human Care
Species Survival Plan
Saving Animals From Extinction: African Penguins
ECO-CELL
The Legacy of James T. Tanner
History of the Ivory-billed Woodpecker
Project Principalis Publications
Search Team
Tanner's Legacy
Sounds: Is that an Ivory-billed Woodpecker?
Bark Scaling & Feeding Signs
The Lazarus Species
Birds as Bioindicators: Using sentinel birds to understanding the environmental impacts of energy development and land use decisions
The use of birds as indicators of ecosystem health has been of growing importance in conservation. The Louisiana Waterthrush has been proposed as an indicator of change in stream habitats on its breeding grounds, and is one of several vital signs for long-term ecological monitoring on National Park Service lands in the Eastern Rivers and Mountain Network
The largely insectivorous waterthrush occupys streams with a prey biomass containing a high proportion of mayflies (Ephemeroptera), stoneflies (Plecoptera) and caddisflies (Trichoptera).
Building on research begun in 1996, the National Aviary has been studying the Louisiana Waterthrush as an indicator species for the health of Pennsylvania's watersheds. As a top predator in sensitive, forested riparian environments, the waterthrush is an excellent sentinel species.
Early studies by National Aviary ornithologists established the Louisiana Waterthrush as an indicator of stream conditions with respect to acid mine drainage from abandoned coalmines, and acid precipitation resulting from automobiles and industrial processes. Over the past several years, we have also dedicated research to better understand possible risks to surface waters from hydraulic fracturing activities.
Building on our previous studies, this new research is based on feathers collected from waterthrushes inhabiting dozens of headwater streams in three states overlying the Marcellus and Fayetteville shale regions. The feathers were analyzed for the presence of barium and strontium, two metals that are not harmful to humans but can act as markers because they are elements that occur naturally and abundantly in the shale layer but are not common in surface waters.
In both the Marcellus and Fayetteville shale regions, barium and strontium were found at statistically significant higher levels in feathers of birds in sites with fracking activity than at sites without fracking. The question of what pathway these metals followed from the shale layers to enter the food chain was not examined by this study. Our data suggest, however, a recent origin for these metals in the riparian systems we studied.
Our finding of similarly elevated levels of metals associated with fracking in two geographically distant shale formations suggests hydraulic fracturing may be affecting surface waters, and underscores the need for additional monitoring and study to further assess whether any ecological or human health risks are posed by the increasingly widespread development of unconventional sources of natural gas around the world. Our study was limited to the base line analysis described above, and extensive further testing and analysis would be required to determine the levels, if any, of any dangerous substances in the watershed.
Water quality and energy development increasingly are critical issues to people across Pennsylvania, the U.S., and the world. Understanding the environmental impacts of energy development and the impact of development and land use decisions on water quality in particular, are absolutely needed; sentinel birds like the Louisiana Waterthrush can contribute to that understanding.