Dutch canopies may be seen a little less on our high streets today but they are still a popular solution where there is limited fixing or space available and they do provide excellent shade. Dutch canopies are also a very effective means of providing cost effective three dimensional signage to a site which may otherwise be lost on a busy street scene. These Dutch canopies at Parkers Bakery on Northfield Avenue in West 13 have been particularly well sited on a corner plot so that they cannot possibly be missed by passing traffic. An unusual feature of this particular installation is the relationship between the height of the canopy and the projection. Careful study of the pictures will show that our technicians have extended the projection on these Dutch canopies, and thus shade protection, beyond the standard quadrant shape. They have done this by using a traditional canopy manufacturing style called the "jib" system – rarely seen today, but a skill retained by Deans awning technicians.
If the sign of a great bakery is the length of the queue then Parkers is surely a great bakery with lines of hungry customers often outside the door, and after about midday on the weekend the shelves can sometimes look sparse, a testament to their popularity; this is surely one of the most popular bakeries in the area. The bread is fresh and always delicious, with a wide variety on offer. They also make fabulous, tasty, cakes and biscuits too. Good value for money and great food. An excellent bakery with friendly and helpful staff. Lunch times are also busy when the local workmen arrive hungry for their lunches to get them going for their afternoon labours.
Parkers is located in Ealing which was, historically, a rural village in the county of Middlesex and formed an ancient parish. Better links with London and eventually the opening of the railway station in 1838, upgraded the local economy to market garden commerce and, eventually, through development to suburban status. By 1902, Ealing became known as the "Queen of the Suburbs" due to its greenery and the fact that it was mid way between the centre of London and the countryside.


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YP — обозначение цифровых плееров бренда Yepp от Samsung Electronics.
 YP — клиент-серверный протокол Network Information Service.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Pope Benedict XVI. Photo by Marek Kośniowski, Wikipedia Commons.
1 Opinion Religion
Pope Benedict XVI, R.I.P. – OpEd
December 31, 2022 December 31, 2022 William Donohue 0 Comments
By William Donohue
Pope Benedict XVI was a towering intellectual, something he shared with his predecessor, St. John Paul II. His philosophical and theological writings will be studied for decades. But it was his courage that endeared him to so many Catholics.
As Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, he served St. John Paul II as enforcer of the Church's doctrinal teachings. He did so with prudence and justice, setting an example for those who would come after him in this post.
In 2006, he sparked much controversy for his comments on Islam. In his address at Regensburg University, he said, "Show me just what Muhammad brought that was new, and there you will find things only evil and inhuman, such as his command to spread by the sword the faith he preached."
Unfortunately, most of the media did not emphasize that he twice said, "I quote." He was referring to a remark made by a 14th century Byzantine emperor. Cardinal Ratzinger's point was that faith and reason must exist together, and just as the universities must be criticized for promoting radical skepticism—reason without faith—there are those who purport to be followers of religion who promote faith without reason. Both are unacceptable.
In 2005, the day before Ratzinger assumed his duties as pontiff, he addressed the cardinals in Rome. He spoke about the "doctrine of relativism," the popular and pernicious notion that there are no moral absolutes, and no moral hierarchy of virtues. In the same historic Good Friday homily, he unloaded on abusive priests. "How much filth there is in the Church, even among those who, in the priesthood, ought to belong entirely to him!"
When historians look back at the Catholic Church's handling of the clergy sexual abuse scandal, they will note that neither Benedict's predecessor, St. John Paul II, nor his successor, Francis, did as much to stop it as he did. His actions were as pivotal as were his words. He made it clear that men with "deep-seated homosexual tendencies" should not become priests. He was very aware of the "homosexual cliques" and the "homosexual subculture" within the Church.
It was his courageous comments on the scandal, caused largely by homosexual priests, that earned him the ire of secularists outside the Church and dissenters within.
Benedict may have been a theologian and philosopher by training, but he also had a keen sociological mind. He understood better than anyone in the Church that it was the lack of faith on the part of molesting priests that accounted for their offenses. Dissent in the Church fed their mentality. He also understood, as I recount in my book, The Truth About Clergy Sexual Abuse: Clarifying the Facts and the Causes, the macro sociological forces that affected the Church, namely the sexual revolution.
It was Benedict who sanctioned the two most prominent predator priests, Father Marcial Maciel Degollado and Cardinal Theodore McCarrick. He removed the Mexican serial abuser from ministry a year into his pontificate and he quickly accepted McCarrick's resignation when the cardinal turned seventy-five.
Benedict's critics were often as inaccurate as they were unfair. Laurie Goodstein of the New York Times wrote in 2013 that Benedict never removed predators from the priesthood. She was wrong. All total, from 2005 to 2013, he defrocked some eight hundred molesting priests.
Benedict's critics called him "God's Rottweiler" for being too draconian in his sanctions against dissidents. They were factually wrong. In his seven years as pope, he rarely called a dissenting priest on the carpet, though there were many candidates. Indeed, no one's license to teach theology was pulled and no one was fired from teaching at a Catholic college or university because of Rome's intervention. So if anything, dissidents got off easy. No matter, I am proud of the fact that the New York Times called me "Rottweiler's Rottweiler," a backhanded tribute to my strong defense of him.
Pope Benedict XVI was a selfless man, and his contributions to the Church, both in word and in deed, will be heralded for years to come. May he rest in peace.
← Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI Dies At Age 95
Pope Francis Gives Thanks To God For Benedict XVI's Sacrifices For The Church →
William Donohue
William Donohue is the current president of the Catholic League for Religious and Civil Rights in the United States, and has held that position since 1993.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


PM - Rusthall (KCLP) v Bromley G; (18/03); 36pp; £1; . 01 - Arnold T> (NCELP) v Liver'dge (28/03); 60pp; £1; 02 - Atherst'e > (MCFLP) v Southam; (04/04); 20pp; £1 03 - Black'l MW> (CMLS) v Barton; (01/04); 32pp; 50p; 04 - Hull City# (FC) v Crewe Alex; (18/03); £2.50; 05 - VVV Venlo# (GG Divisie) v Den Bosch; (24/03); 06 - DOVO# (Hoofdklasse Z B) v Sparta Nijk'k; (25/03); . 07 - NEC Nijmegen# (Eredvisie) v Groningen; (25/03); . 08 - AGOV Apeldoorn# (GG Div) v G A Eagles; (26/03); . 09 - Spalding+ (UL1) v Woodley S; (08/04); 52pp; £1.20; . 10 - Rothwell T> (SLE) v Enfield T; (08/04); 36pp; £1.20; . 11 - Es Cana v A Cour's (L&RFASCF)>; (09/04); 20pp w/a; . 12 - Glossop NE+ (NWCL1) v Formby; (15/04); 48pp; £1; . 13 - Berwick Rangs+ (SFL3) v Stenmr; (08/04); £1.50; . 14 - Airbus UK+ (LoW) v Aberystwyth. (22/04); 28pp; £1; . 15 - Ashby Iv> (LSL1) v Saffron D; (22/04); 8pp; £1w/a; .


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Your Very Own Beer Machine
This seems like it would be a neat Christmas gift. Saw it mentioned in Popehat's Twitter stream.
I'm not much of a beer drinker, but I know people who would go crazy over an appliance like this. (I know other people who would turn their nose up at it as somehow inauthentic.)
UPDATE: More info on the company at their Kickstarter page, here.
22 Responses to "Your Very Own Beer Machine"
BEER!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Ding!
redc1c4 (abd49e) — 12/3/2013 @ 8:21 pm
I'd just be happy with a Sodastream machine.
qdpsteve (daa67c) — 12/3/2013 @ 8:42 pm
Or, you could go to 7-11.
Ag80 (eb6ffa) — 12/3/2013 @ 8:55 pm
I always wanted a beer utility.
Kevin M (536c5d) — 12/3/2013 @ 11:43 pm
The best beer is still horsepiss, as far as I'm concerned.
As far as homebrewing goes, an amateur product is still an amateur product. Unless your daddy and grandaddy were brewers and they taught you their craft when you were little (the way my mother learned to make wine from her father). But if it keeps you out of smoky barrooms ….
nk (dbc370) — 12/4/2013 @ 6:12 am
Having brewed quite a bit back when I had time for such things, this would have been nice to have.
BUT, reading down the fine kickstarter page, they haven't taken out as much of the mess and tedium as you might think. The messiest part of brewing is the transfer of the fermented product to bottles or keg, and that's still there. The second messiest is getting rid of the "trub," the layers of yeast scum and hops at the top of almost-finished product, and that's still there. The most tedious part of brewing is the week required for fermentation after you've completed the "brew." That's still there. The second most tedious part is the sterilization required to make sure your beer is uncontaminated by bacteria or wild yeast. I suspect you'll have to buy plenty of bleach with this set-up, same as always.
The video makes it appear as though you fill a tub with barley malt, and two hours later: BEER!!! That won't happen.
Still, a nifty machine, and I wish I'd had one when I homebrewed.
Patrick (a73406) — 12/4/2013 @ 6:19 am
@nk, if you don't like beer at all, how can you judge the homebrewed product as compared to the professional?
I know homebrewers who can turn out beer every bit as good as what you'd get from a brewery. Better, depending on which brewery you have in mind.
5. The best beer is still horsepiss, as far as I'm concerned.
Comment by nk (dbc370) — 12/4/2013 @ 6:12 am
Suit yourself about beer, nk. But as someone told you, if you turn your nose down on beer in general you're in no position to opine about all amateur products being inferior unless you come from a multi-generational brewing family.
I learned quite a bit about brewing from Alaskans, where in some places out in the bush the only beer you were going to get is the stuff you made yourself. And it used to be the only yeast you could get was baker's yeast. For two reasons. Until Carter changed the law home brewing was illegal. And a lot of villages were and are dry (another reason why even if you can afford the freight charges you're still going to make your own). So daddy and grandpa brewed "it'll do" beer with whatever they could get their hands on. But now with the internet these guys can get proper ingredients and they're making stuff their grandparents and parents could only dream of.
And so are the first timers. So it just didn't matter.
Beer isn't the only thing you can brew. When I lived in Japan I discovered some people home-brew their own Sake. I learned this when a Japanese admiral gave some to my CO as a present. And it was GOOD. A lot better than anything I found in a store or pub. At least anything I could afford. I was told those guys get ranked. It's like entering a BBQ contest at the county fair, except there's a national committee. Apparently they operate on a system like belts in martial arts. That admiral made black belt sake, but I'm not sure what dan.
Going back to the Alaskans, obviously some of those guys were making beer before it was strictly legal. I'm not recommending that anyone break the law, not that I begrudge them as I agree it's a natural right of any human being to have a brew like people have been making for 8,000 years whether they can get to a store or not. But another thing I learned from them is the ancient art of jacking. Which remains illegal, just like distilling. Jacking produces hard alcohol of up to about 80 proof by freezing the water content to concentrate the alcohol. You just remove the chunks of ice. That's how George Washington and other colonials used to make Applejack. Whooie!
I mention it by way of warning. Because jacking unlike distilling is going to happen anyway if you live where it's cold enough. Leave a bottle of whiskey on the porch or in a shed overnight in January and what used to be 80 proof is now a lot more. There's still some water content in there to freeze. Do not drink it.
Steve57 (4f25e8) — 12/4/2013 @ 7:45 am
I believe you, Patrick. An amateur can be an artist.
My "caution" was about DIYers, generally. I indulged in my share of foolishness when I was young and I remember pretty much the same admonition from Turner Kirkland of Dixie Gun works, roughly, "Not many people can take a $125.00 stock blank and turn it into a $125.00 stock". Oh, so true. But you can get ten $125.00 stock blanks and turn them into one $125.00 stock. 😉
There's an art to jacking, too, I think, Steve. I've tried it with wine in the freezer, and I discovered that I did not have grappa, I had a winesicle. I never tried it with hard cider, though.
In any event, I don't drink at all, now. No wan' fall down go boom no more.
As I recall, nk, grappa has always been distilled and not jacked. But then so is Applejack these days. One of the problems with jacking is that when you take the ice out you concentrate the alcohol. But you also concentrate impurities like fusul alcohols that are really, really bad for you. When you use heat to distill the alcohol spirits vaporize first, leaving behind the impurities and water.
So jacking concentrates the bad stuff, distilling reduces it.
I meant to say about whiskey and really cold weather is that someone might be tempted to drink it because some of it is still pourable. But if the cold did that to the whiskey, or whatever, imagine what that thing is going to do to your mouth and throat.
That has happened, I'm told. Some people don't think.
Meh. I used to make appletinis for the PTA moms from vodka kept in the freezer. If it gave them a bit of a sore throat after, they didn't tell me. They are a date-rape drink, though, because there is no alcohol burn, it feels like a frozen sherbet, and you might drink too much too fast. But I was always a gentleman, anyway. And none of their husbands complained, either. 😉
Your freezer probably doesn't go to -30, nk.
Is a beer machine covered under the ObamaCare mandate ?
After all, many people consider it a necessity for maintaining good health. Or something.
Elephant Stone (6a6f37) — 12/4/2013 @ 10:05 am
There are some microbreweries now that will assist you in making a brew of your liking in their professional facilities. I have no idea how expensive, fun, or widespread it is.
FWIW.
MD in Philly (f9371b) — 12/4/2013 @ 11:05 am
Wouldn't it be easier to get the beer direct from the original source, a very well-watered horse…?
Jus' Sayin'… (:^D
Smock Puppet, Gadfy, Racist-Sexist Thug, and Bon Vivant All In One Package (225d0d) — 12/4/2013 @ 11:14 am
If you like your beer machine, you can keep it.
They make a root beer machine, I'm on it!
Colonel Haiku (37b681) — 12/4/2013 @ 11:21 am
14. That was true in the United States only in thd 1920s, during Prohibition.
There were all kinds of alcoholic formulas found in books for pharmacists.
Sammy Finkelman (ccb2ac) — 12/4/2013 @ 2:58 pm
This is an amazing invention. As soon as all my kids are done with college I am going to buy one for myself.
WarEagle82 (b18ccf) — 12/4/2013 @ 5:49 pm
ditto for me, nk.
Hard to open the door when your prone on the floor.
mg (31009b) — 12/4/2013 @ 7:35 pm
I have been brewing beer for 2 years and finally got tired of the hassle and mess. NOw I go to Total Wine and they have more than 1,000 beers (maybe) – more than I can test in a lifetime and some bars like Jack's Mac and Swill on Preston Road in Dallas always has 10-12 local brews on tap! NOW – no more work!!
Lear35pilot (5ca71d) — 12/4/2013 @ 9:26 pm
JF on Weekend Open Thread


With the launch of Samsung Galaxy S10, the Galaxy S10 Plus and the Galaxy S10E that is fast approaching, we had no shortcomings or rumors that would keep us in the open – and there is today even more filtered images to filter. Thanks to the experienced tipster Evan Blass, we now have full extensions on the front and rear of the standard Galaxy S10 and the cheaper variant of the Galaxy S10E. You can see triple-lens and dual-lens cameras, ultra-thin glasses, and "hole-punched" cameras.
We also get confirmation that the fingerprint sensor is integrated on the screen of both models. There is no Samsung Galaxy S10 Plus in this gallery, but we have already seen very revealing pictures of this model. Of course, none of this is new information, and we've seen a lot of muffled renditions, but in case you have doubts about the future Galaxy phones will look like, see below.
Samsung will not have much to say on February 20th: the phones will carry the Snapdragon 855 or Exynos 9820 processor, depending on the region, and up to 12GB of RAM for your multitasking needs. There is also a huge 1 TB storage in preparation. Previous Samsung phones used this marking with 512 GB of internal storage and the option of a 512 GB memory card, but this confirmed at the beginning of the year that production had started on a 1 TB storage chip.
What we might not get, at least not on February 20, is a Galaxy S10 5G. According to some sources, this could be postponed until later in the year, although Samsung can mention it during its Unpacked event. We are counting the days until Wednesday, February 20, and of course, we will bring all the news as it happens here. Do not be surprised to see even more details of these phones fleeing between now and now.


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Peugeot revealed the 3008 range last year, taking a bold new step into the SUV market aimed at showing the Germans they can match them round for round. They included all the tech possible and gave the 3008 some great design cues that's now been carried throughout the Peugeot line up. The GT-Line is the second most expensive version and it's the one we had on test. The Peugeot 3008 GT-line, has been developed by Peugeot to compete with the likes of the Volkswagen Tiguan, Audi Q3, Mazda Cx-5, and…
New Models, Reviews, Road Tests3008, car, carandbike, new 3008, Peugeot, peugeot 3008
The all-new Nissan Sylphy was unveiled today at the 2019 Shanghai Motor Show, sporting a new look and featuring the latest Nissan Intelligent Mobility technologies to give drivers increased connectivity, comfort and confidence. With a new and more fuel-efficient powertrain, a wider stance, a lower center of gravity, improved aerodynamics and a roomy, luxurious interior, the new Sylphy delivers even better performance and an enhanced driving experience. Seamless connectivity features and a full suite of active safety technologies provide support for drivers. "The all-new Nissan Sylphy represents the full landing…
New Modelsbike, car, carandbikesa, nissan, south africa, sylphy
Five Out Of Five: New Range Rover Evoque Awarded Maximum European Safety Rating
The new Range Rover Evoque has been awarded a maximum five-star Euro NCAP safety rating, confirming its status as one of the most refined, capable and safe luxury compact SUVs on the market. Not only did the luxury compact SUV score 94 per cent for adult occupant safety – the highest score of any Jaguar or Land Rover product to date – but for those with younger passengers in the back, it also received 87 per cent for child occupant safety. It means the Evoque is the latest Land Rover…
Industry Newsbike, car, carandbike, Evoque car and bike, land rover, Ncap rating, new cars, news, Range Rover, Range Rover Evoque
Designed from the outset as an electric vehicle (EV), the I-PACE offers bold aero-efficient design
Jaguar has introduced South Africa to the future of motoring with the first electric vehicle (EV) launched together with a rapid public charging network to enable long distance travel between city centres. With a range of up to 470km from a single charge, the new Jaguar I-PACE offers a viable emissions-free solution to drivers who commute regularly but also enjoy longer journeys which until now have been outside the reach of EV travel. A state-of-the-art 90kWh Lithium-ion battery using 432 pouch cells can be topped-up with a range of flexible…
New Modelsbike, car, car and bike, Jaguar, Jaguar E-Pace


After a healing fever I finally found out how to get out to other bloggers, and realised that I really was in the blog network and not just floating around in web like annonymity.
I went a bit mad.
I was here. There. On your site! Yarn people seem to always have plenty of personality. Can't figure why.


text:
Spurs midfielder reveals Tottenham's winning formula
By Ben Pearce
STEVEN Pienaar believes that Tottenham's Champions League success is based on striking a perfect balance between individual brilliance and teamwork.
The 29-year-old, who swapped Everton for Spurs in January, has appeared in eight of the Lilywhites' 10 games since his move from Goodison Park to White Hart Lane – including the European ties against AC Milan.
Pienaar, who has previously played in the Champions League with Ajax, admits that the 1-0 aggregate victory over the Serie A leaders is the highlight of his brief spell in north London so far - and the �3million man believes that he has already identified Tottenham's winning formula.
"I'm particularly enjoying playing in the Champions League again and took special satisfaction from the way we faced up to AC Milan in the second leg," said Pienaar. "There's no doubt that they are a big club and every player wants to take on the best in the world.
"We have a very good squad but its strength is all about quality players working within a team structure. That's why we're playing well. You can have a lot of great players but if that's not blended with teamwork then it loses impact.
"Winning requires hard work and there is clearly a willingness here to roll up the sleeves and make it happen. That's helped by the competition for places. The internal challenge suits me and the squad strength here is one of the main things that attracted me.
"As a player you don't want to get anything for free, it's always better if you have to work for it. I'm ready to compete for a starting place and that situation keeps everyone on their toes."
While Pienaar admits that a change in club is never simple, the South Africa international has been pleased with his early days at White Hart Lane – and concedes that the transition has been aided by some familiar faces.
"From the outside people think it is easy, but it can never be," he said. "It's always difficult when you join a new club because you have to get used to the players, the style of play and the kind of football being played - and that works in reverse because the other players have to get used to you.
"But I've settled in well. Since coming here I've quickly felt at home and it's obviously important for any new player to be accepted by the existing group. I've felt welcome from day one and that's helped me feel more relaxed and just concentrate on my football.
"It's definitely easier in that I already knew Rafa [Van der Vaart] from our time at Ajax and Bongani [Khumalo] from the international team."
You can read the full interview with Steven Pienaar in the April edition of Hotspur magazine – out now!


Cleanses mildly, nourishes and restores the hair and scalp.
•Contains our signature scented hair oil to balance and restore the condition of the hair and scalp.
•Deeply cleanses the hair and scalp using natural soap bark, no chemical detergents, low lather.
•Restores moisture and strength and protects the hair.
•Cleanses the natural oil in the hair without stripping.
•Enhances the colour of natural and coloured hair, creating incredible shine.
•Soothes and balances the scalp, calms excessive oil production, has anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal and moisturising properties.
•Reduces frizz and fly-away hair, retains long lasting moisture to the entire hair shaft.
•Suitable for all hair types because it balances any hair or scalp condition.
•Smart control pump delivers a small amount to allow you control to apply evenly and effectively.
avena sativa (aqua & oat kernel) (o), decyl glucoside, sodium cocoamphoacetate, coco glucoside, aloe barbadensis (o), glycerine (vegetable), glyceryl stearate, xanthan gum, argania spinosa (argan oil) (o), rosa canina (rosehip oil) (o), cocos nucifera (coconut oil) (o), quillaja saponaria (soap bark) (o), benzoin oil (o), dehydroacetic acid, sorbus aucuparia (sorbic acid), sodium bicarbonate, citrus bergamia (bergamot) (o), citrus reticulate (tangerine) (o), citrus aurantium (neroli) (o), citrus reticulate (green mandarin) (o), melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) (o), commiphora myrrha (myrrh) (o), lavandula angustifolia (lavender) (o), citrus aurantium (petitgrain) (o), cananga odorata (ylang ylang) (o). (citral, geraniol, citronellol, linalool, limonene – naturally occurring components of essential oils).
•Apply to wet hair and scalp.
•Massage through a minimum 5-10 pumps per wash (depending on hair length – more for longer hair) smoothing through the hair.
•Repeat if needed – daily washing will not require a repeat wash.
•Use when you need to wet wash your hair.
•Alternatively use our Organic Dry Shampoo.


A beautiful set of multi coloured round favour boxes, adorned with a beaded design. This unique range of Indian style favour boxes have a burst of colour and vibrancy. Add that wow factor to your occasion, and present your guests with a favour box they can treasure long after your big day. They will look stunning as part of your table decoration and in any home.
They are perfect for small gifts and favours on your wedding day and special occasions.
The boxes are 3 different sizes, and fit into one another for easy storage. They are available in various colours, and all the sizes can be purchased individually to suit your needs. They are made from aluminium with a fully detachable lid.
Please note that these products are handmade so there may be some small discrepancies between each item.


6.15 approx: Break for dinner (BYO dinner or go out to Newmarket; tea and coffee will be available.) For those who do not need dinner, there will be an opportunity to have questsions relating to "smart meters" answered during this time.
We realise that people may not be able to attend the entire duration of the event; if you may need to leave during one of the documentaries, please take a seat on the edge of a row.
Please diary date this event and sign up for updates on the www.stopsmartmeters.org.nz email list on this page http://www.stopsmartmeters.org.nz/ and you will be emailed details of the screening. Please also forward this link to anyone you think may be interested to attend. Thank you.


When you are looking at foreign exchange patterns, remember that there are going to be both up and down market trends in play, but one usually dominates. Finding sell signals is easy when there is an up market. A great tip is to base your trading strategy on the trends of the marketplace.
When placing a stop loss point, never risk more than two percent of the total cost of the initial investment. Limiting your risk in this way, means that you will not lose large amounts of equity in any one market shift. Remember, you can always buy back into a winning currency, but you can't get back the money you lost if you don't sell out in time.


As some of you may know, I am currently in the middle of a three-week study abroad program in Europe. Our group consists mainly of event management and hospitality majors, and one of our objectives on this trip is to visit various cultural events and venues in each country and reflect on those experiences. We left our first destination, London, a few days ago, but in spite of the less than desirable weather conditions during our stay, many of us fell in love with the city.
Throughout my time in Europe, I will be documenting some of my favorite attractions from each country on my blog. This will not be a full recap of everything I've done or enjoyed in these countries, but rather a list of some of the highlights. A few other awesome things I did in London include snapping a picture at Platform 9 & 3/4, riding around in a double decker bus around the city (which I highly suggest doing no matter where you travel), standing in Piccadilly Circus, walking around on a Jack the Ripper tour, and visiting the Tower of London.
So, for those of you heading to London in the near future, here are five places and attractions I highly suggest!
First of all, how many times do you get the chance to visit a real working palace? Buckingham Palace — home to the Queen of England — is beautifully decorated and rich with historical value. Several of my classmates and I reserved our tickets ahead of time to tour the state rooms and ballroom, where ambassadors and other distinguished guests have come to visit, and to walk through the gardens. This year was also the Queen's Diamond Jubilee, during which she celebrated 60 years at the throne, and so the palace displayed the tiaras and jewels of several English monarchs throughout history (including the tiny crown of Queen Victoria!). if you visit before October, you can see the Diamonds Jubilee exhibit in Buckingham Palace for yourself!
2. Zoo Lates at the London Zoo.
On our second night in London, several of us attended an event called Zoo Lates, in which the London Zoo stays open from 7-10 p.m. and provides food, drinks, animal masks, live entertainment and access to visit many of the animals. Right away, we realized we were some of the only tourists at this event, as we noticed attendees in full animal costumes who seemed to have been to Zoo Lates a few times before. I love going to the zoo, so being able to go to a party at the zoo was awesome. (Yes, I'm a nerd.) Attend this event if a) you love animals; b) you need a break from some of the touristy stuff; or c) to see how some locals might actually spend a Friday night (aside from at a bar).
Brighton is about a 50-minute train ride from London, but well worth the trip. A small group of us traveled out to Brighton for a watersports festival, and wound up enjoying the rocky beaches, carnival events, restaurants and thrift shops that the city had to offer. We also discovered the palace of King George IV and had a wonderful time walking around there. For a scene a little different from the typical London streets, go to Brighton Pier. If you're visiting the U.K. with a significant other, this is also (in my opinion) the perfect date location!
A fan of museums, I had to go to the British Museum – I had heard all about it in my art history class as a freshman, so it was exciting to see the ancient Greek and Roman works I'd studied so hard. I also had the chance to see the Rosetta Stone! This museum is free to the public and runs on donations. If you are a museum person, then you won't want to miss out on this.
With the Diamond Jubilee just behind us, and the Olympics coming up in less than two weeks, It's a very patriotic time to be in London. Because my group is focused on the events and meetings industry, the Olympic Infrastructure Tour was a great way for us to learn about the way that huge sporting events are run and how cities can bid to be home to the Olympics. Because of certain restrictions that apply closer to the date of the event, we were unable to visit the actual grounds where the events and ceremonies will take place, but we did receive a tour from a very knowledgeable guide and we were able to view much of the infrastructure from a lookout point. It was an interesting way to learn about the Olympics and their overall effect on the surrounding community!
If you have any questions about any of these attractions or want to learn more about my adventures in London, feel free to drop a comment or share your own suggestions for future visits!
Really enjoyed your Blog on London. And also have enjoyed all your blogs so finally I am getting a chance to ell you. I was your Grandma "s Ruth roomate in college!
So great to hear from you! 🙂 Thank you so much for writing me– I'll have to let her know!


Service providers, Law Enforcement, Advocates, Legal Providers, and others are welcome.
The goal of the symposium is to deliver clear and guided information across a broad spectrum of trafficking related issues, from demand to identification to service and prosecution. The symposium will increase North Carolina's multi-disciplinary service provider's knowledge of the complexity of human trafficking and create a sustainable training model utilizing current research and best practice recommendations. This is the last of three regional symposiums.
This Symposium is offered by the North Carolina Human Trafficking Commission.
The Symposium will feature breakout sessions in four tracks: Law Enforcement, Legal Service Providers and two General Provider tracks.
Hotel Room Blocks are no longer open. If you still need a hotel, Click Here for Hotel Options in the Area.
To learn more about the North Carolina Human Trafficking Commission, please CLICK HERE!
This Activity fulfills the requirement of 1.3 Continuing Education Units (CEUs), representing 13.0 contact hours.
Application has been made to the National Commission for Health Education Credentialing, Inc for continuing education contact hours (CECH) in health education.
Application has been made to the North Carolina State Bar - Continuing Legal Education for this training (Approval Pending).
Increase their knowledge of the prevalence and typologies of human trafficking at the national and state level.
Explore socio-economic factors and root causes that support and sustain human trafficking.
Develop skills to enhance cross discipline cooperation between victim advocates, service providers and the criminal justice system.
Address issues such as victim identification and learn about coordinated comprehensive community response.
Learn within a framework of trauma informed inclusive services and ways service providers can advocate their experiences with law enforcement, criminal justice system and the child welfare system.
Gain and refresh knowledge on state and federal laws and offer innovative and sustainable ideas and solutions to improve successful outcomes.
Identify reliable resources and protocols/practices for serving human trafficking and growing a support network for victims.
Expand skills in gathering pertinent and relevant data to inform decision making from identification to investigation and prosecution of a case.


text:
9 a.m. - Noon
Youth Summer Skills Series
Alumni Golf Outing
First Pitch Breakfast
Horizon League
Promotions Schedule
Milwaukee vs Youngstown State (Mar 18, 2018)
Youngstown State Baseball
Milwaukee at Youngstown State
Mar 18, 2018 at Niles, Ohio (Eastwood Field)
Milwaukee 14 (6-12,2-1 Horizon)
RYBACKI, Devin cf........  5  1  2  1   1  1  4  0   0
SCHWECKE, Trevor 2b......  6  2  1  2   0  0  4  2   2
KREITER, Colin lf........  6  0  3  1   0  0  0  0   0
CHALLY, Ben 3b...........  4  2  2  1   0  0  0  4   0
BORDNER, Tyler c.........  3  1  0  0   2  2  9  1   2
KRAUS, Jack ph/c........  1  0  0  0   0  1  0  0   2
SCHULFER, Austin c......  0  0  0  0   0  0  1  0   0
SCANLAN, Oakland 1b......  5  2  2  3   0  0  8  0   1
VYSKOCIL, Joe dh.........  4  0  0  1   0  2  0  0   2
NOGALSKI, Zach rf........  3  2  1  0   1  1  1  0   0
QUARTEL, Matt rf........  1  1  1  0   0  0  0  0   0
BUBAN, Mitch ss..........  5  3  4  2   0  1  0  3   0
GOODMAN, Elijah p........  0  0  0  0   0  0  0  1   0
REKLAITIS, Jared p......  0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0
TOMFOHRDE, Patrick p....  0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0
PARR, Brandon p.........  0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0
Totals................... 43 14 16 11   4  8 27 11   9
Youngstown State 7 (2-15,1-2 Horizon)
BRIDIS, Trey cf..........  3  3  1  2   1  1  2  0   1
CHARLES, Web 3b..........  4  1  2  1   1  1  2  0   0
WEHLER, Jeff dh..........  5  1  1  0   0  2  0  0   0
GLENN, Blaze rf..........  3  0  1  0   1  0  3  0   0
KENDRICK, Andrew 1b......  4  1  2  2   0  1  7  0   0
DICKERSON, Drew 2b.......  2  0  1  1   1  1  2  1   0
CARDONA, Lou pr/2b......  0  0  0  0   1  0  0  0   0
CARUSO, Nick c...........  4  0  0  0   0  1  8  0   1
DENNIS, Cody ss..........  3  0  0  0   0  1  1  6   0
LaBRASCA, Nick ph.......  1  0  0  0   0  1  0  0   0
NASONTI, Lucas lf........  3  0  1  0   0  0  2  0   1
MASSEY, Nick ph.........  1  1  0  0   0  1  0  0   0
LOPATKA, Zach p..........  0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0
MINNEY, Zack p..........  0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0
EARICH, Dalton p........  0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0
BRUSTOSKI, Jakob p......  0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0
BUTLER, Austin p........  0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0
COLES, Chad p...........  0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0
BELLARDINI, Alex p......  0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0
CLARK, Colin p..........  0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0
Totals................... 33  7  9  6   5 10 27  7   5
Score by Innings                    R  H  E
Milwaukee........... 060 300 122 - 14 16  1
Youngstown State.... 300 110 002 -  7  9  2
E - SCHWECKE(6); CHARLES, W.(6); DENNIS, C.(7). DP - Panthers 1; Penguins 1.
LOB - Panthers 9; Penguins 5. 2B - RYBACKI(2); SCANLAN(2); BUBAN(1);
CHARLES, W.(4). HR - SCANLAN(3); BRIDIS, T.(2); KENDRICK, A.(3). HBP -
CHALLY 2; BRIDIS, T.. SF - VYSKOCIL(1). SB - RYBACKI(1). CS - KENDRICK,
A.(1).
Milwaukee              IP  H  R ER BB SO AB BF  NP
GOODMAN, Elijah.....  0.1  4  3  3  1  0  4  5  21
REKLAITIS, Jared....  4.2  3  2  2  3  8 15 19  72
TOMFOHRDE, Patrick..  3.0  0  0  0  1  0  9 10  35
PARR, Brandon.......  1.0  2  2  1  0  2  5  5  20
Youngstown State       IP  H  R ER BB SO AB BF  NP
LOPATKA, Zach.......  1.2  5  6  3  2  1 10 13  50
MINNEY, Zack........  1.1  3  3  3  0  1  7  7  24
EARICH, Dalton......  1.0  1  0  0  1  0  4  5  19
BRUSTOSKI, Jakob....  1.0  0  0  0  1  2  3  4  26
BUTLER, Austin......  1.0  1  0  0  0  1  3  4  13
COLES, Chad.........  1.0  2  1  1  0  1  5  5  13
BELLARDINI, Alex....  1.0  1  2  2  0  1  4  5  17
CLARK, Colin........  1.0  3  2  2  0  1  7  7  16
Win - REKLAITIS (1-1).  Loss - LOPATKA, Z. (0-3).  Save - None.
WP - GOODMAN, E.(1); REKLAITIS 3(5); MINNEY, Z.(1); EARICH, D.(1); COLES, C.(4).
HBP - by REKLAITIS (BRIDIS, T.); by BUTLER, A. (CHALLY); by BELLARDINI (CHALLY).
PB - SCHULFER(1). Pitches/strikes: GOODMAN, E. 21/13; REKLAITIS 72/39; TOMFOHRDE
35/20; PARR 20/14; LOPATKA, Z. 50/30; MINNEY, Z. 24/18; EARICH, D. 19/10;
BRUSTOSKI, J 26/16; BUTLER, A. 13/7; COLES, C. 13/9; BELLARDINI 17/11; CLARK, C.
16/12.
Umpires - HP: Mike Martin  1B: Andy Dadonis  3B: Doug Nower
Start: 1:03 pm   Time: 2:59   Attendance: 176
Weather: 45, sunny, W 9 mph
MINNEY, Z. faced 3 batters in the 4th.
Game: 0318UWM
Milwaukee at Youngstown State - Play-by-Play
Milwaukee starters: 31/cf RYBACKI; 6/2b SCHWECKE; 24/lf KREITER; 4/3b CHALLY;
34/c BORDNER; 32/1b SCANLAN; 27/dh VYSKOCIL; 25/rf NOGALSKI; 14/ss BUBAN; 33/p
GOODMAN, E.;
Youngstown State starters: 2/cf BRIDIS, T.; 15/3b CHARLES, W.; 7/dh WEHLER, J.;
16/rf GLENN, B.; 21/1b KENDRICK, A.; 30/2b DICKERSON, D; 13/c CARUSO, N.; 10/ss
DENNIS, C.; 1/lf NASONTI, L.; 28/p LOPATKA, Z.;
Milwaukee 1st - RYBACKI struck out looking (1-2). SCHWECKE grounded out
to ss (2-2). KREITER grounded out to 1b unassisted (1-0). 0 runs, 0 hits, 0
Youngstown State 1st - BRIDIS, T. walked (3-2). BRIDIS, T. advanced to
second on a wild pitch. CHARLES, W. doubled down the rf line, RBI (1-2);
BRIDIS, T. scored. WEHLER, J. singled through the left side, advanced to second
on the error (0-0); CHARLES, W. advanced to third, scored on a fielding error
by 2b. GLENN, B. singled through the left side (2-2); WEHLER, J. advanced to
third. GLENN, B. out at first p to 1b, picked off. KENDRICK, A. singled up the
middle, RBI (1-2); WEHLER, J. scored. REKLAITIS to p for GOODMAN, E.. KENDRICK,
A. out at second c to 2b, caught stealing. DICKERSON, D struck out swinging
(0-2). 3 runs, 4 hits, 1 error, 0 LOB.
Milwaukee 2nd - CHALLY reached on a fielding error by ss (2-2). BORDNER
walked (3-1); CHALLY advanced to second. SCANLAN doubled down the lf line, RBI
(1-2); BORDNER advanced to third; CHALLY scored, unearned. VYSKOCIL flied out
to rf, SF, RBI (3-2); SCANLAN advanced to third; BORDNER scored. NOGALSKI
walked (3-1). BUBAN singled to left center, RBI (0-0); NOGALSKI advanced to
third; SCANLAN scored. RYBACKI singled through the left side, RBI (2-0); BUBAN
advanced to second; NOGALSKI scored. SCHWECKE reached on a fielder's choice
(0-1); RYBACKI out at second ss to 2b; BUBAN advanced to third. KREITER singled
to right center, RBI (0-0); SCHWECKE advanced to third; BUBAN scored, unearned.
CHALLY singled to left field, RBI (0-0); KREITER advanced to second; SCHWECKE
scored, unearned. MINNEY, Z. to p for LOPATKA, Z.. BORDNER flied out to cf to
left center (1-1). 6 runs, 5 hits, 1 error, 2 LOB.
Youngstown State 2nd - CARUSO, N. flied out to rf to right center (0-0).
DENNIS, C. struck out swinging (0-2). NASONTI, L. singled to first base (3-1).
NASONTI, L. advanced to second on a wild pitch. BRIDIS, T. struck out swinging
(2-2). 0 runs, 1 hit, 0 errors, 1 LOB.
Milwaukee 3rd - SCANLAN flied out to cf (0-0). VYSKOCIL struck out
swinging (1-2). NOGALSKI flied out to rf (1-2). 0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0
Youngstown State 3rd - CHARLES, W. struck out swinging (1-2). WEHLER, J.
struck out swinging (3-2). GLENN, B. grounded out to ss (1-0). 0 runs, 0
hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB.
Milwaukee 4th - BUBAN singled up the middle (1-2). RYBACKI doubled to
left field (0-0); BUBAN advanced to third. RYBACKI advanced to third on a wild
pitch; BUBAN scored on a wild pitch. SCHWECKE singled to left field, RBI (2-2);
RYBACKI scored. EARICH, D. to p for MINNEY, Z.. KREITER fouled out to 1b (3-2).
CHALLY singled to right center (0-0); SCHWECKE advanced to third. CHALLY
advanced to second on a wild pitch; SCHWECKE scored on a wild pitch. BORDNER
walked (3-2). SCANLAN flied out to lf to left center (2-1). VYSKOCIL reached on
a fielder's choice (0-1); BORDNER out at second 2b unassisted. 3 runs, 4
Youngstown State 4th - KENDRICK, A. homered, RBI (2-0). DICKERSON, D
walked (3-2). DICKERSON, D advanced to second on a wild pitch. CARUSO, N.
struck out swinging (3-2). DENNIS, C. fouled out to 1b (2-2). NASONTI, L. flied
out to cf (0-1). 1 run, 1 hit, 0 errors, 1 LOB.
Milwaukee 5th - BRUSTOSKI, J to p for EARICH, D.. NOGALSKI struck out
swinging (3-2). BUBAN struck out looking (1-2). RYBACKI walked (3-2). RYBACKI
stole second. SCHWECKE flied out to rf down the rf line (2-2). 0 runs, 0
Youngstown State 5th - BRIDIS, T. hit by pitch (1-0). BRIDIS, T.
advanced to second on a wild pitch. CHARLES, W. walked (3-1). WEHLER, J. struck
out swinging (0-2). GLENN, B. walked (3-0); CHARLES, W. advanced to second;
BRIDIS, T. advanced to third. KENDRICK, A. struck out swinging (1-2).
DICKERSON, D singled up the middle, RBI (1-1); GLENN, B. advanced to second;
CHARLES, W. advanced to third, out at home 2b to 3b to c; BRIDIS, T. scored.
1 run, 1 hit, 0 errors, 2 LOB.
Milwaukee 6th - BUTLER, A. to p for BRUSTOSKI, J. KREITER singled to
right field (2-1). CHALLY hit by pitch (1-1); KREITER advanced to second.
BORDNER struck out swinging (2-2). SCANLAN grounded into double play 2b to ss
to 1b (0-0); CHALLY out on the play. 0 runs, 1 hit, 0 errors, 1 LOB.
Youngstown State 6th - TOMFOHRDE to p for REKLAITIS. CARUSO, N. flied
out to cf (2-1). DENNIS, C. lined out to cf (0-0). NASONTI, L. flied out to cf
(2-0). 0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB.
Milwaukee 7th - COLES, C. to p for BUTLER, A.. VYSKOCIL struck out
swinging (1-2). NOGALSKI singled to center field (0-0). BUBAN singled through
the right side (1-0); NOGALSKI advanced to third. BUBAN advanced to second on a
wild pitch; NOGALSKI scored on a wild pitch. RYBACKI grounded out to ss (2-1).
SCHWECKE fouled out to 3b (0-0). 1 run, 2 hits, 0 errors, 1 LOB.
Youngstown State 7th - QUARTEL to rf for NOGALSKI. BRIDIS, T. grounded
out to 3b (2-0). CHARLES, W. grounded out to 3b (0-1). WEHLER, J. grounded out
to ss (3-2). 0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB.
Milwaukee 8th - BELLARDINI to p for COLES, C.. KREITER fouled out to 3b
(1-2). CHALLY hit by pitch (0-0). BORDNER struck out looking (1-2). SCANLAN
homered to right center, 2 RBI (2-1); CHALLY scored. VYSKOCIL grounded out to
ss (1-1). 2 runs, 1 hit, 0 errors, 0 LOB.
Youngstown State 8th - GLENN, B. grounded out to 3b (2-2). KENDRICK, A.
popped up to 2b (0-1). CARDONA, L. pinch ran for DICKERSON, D. CARDONA, L.
walked (3-2). CARUSO, N. reached on a fielder's choice (0-0); CARDONA, L. out
at second ss to 2b. 0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 1 LOB.
Milwaukee 9th - CARDONA, L. to 2b. CLARK, C. to p for BELLARDINI.
QUARTEL singled to left field (0-0). BUBAN doubled to right center, RBI (0-0);
QUARTEL scored. RYBACKI grounded out to ss (1-0); BUBAN advanced to third.
SCHWECKE reached on a fielding error by 3b, RBI (0-0); BUBAN scored. KREITER
singled to right field (0-2); SCHWECKE advanced to second. CHALLY flied out to
lf (3-1). KRAUS pinch hit for BORDNER. KRAUS struck out swinging (0-2). 2
runs, 3 hits, 1 error, 2 LOB.
Youngstown State 9th - KRAUS to c for SCHULFER. SCHULFER to c. PARR to p
for TOMFOHRDE. LaBRASCA, N. pinch hit for DENNIS, C.. LaBRASCA, N. struck out
swinging (2-2). MASSEY, N. pinch hit for NASONTI, L.. MASSEY, N. struck out
swinging, reached first on a passed ball (0-2). BRIDIS, T. homered to center
field, 2 RBI (1-0); MASSEY, N. scored, unearned. CHARLES, W. singled to
shortstop (2-2). WEHLER, J. grounded into double play 2b to 1b (1-1); CHARLES,
W. out on the play. 2 runs, 2 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB.


One of my go-to favorite soups that I also really just enjoy making is French Onion Soup Gratinee. I may enjoy it more because I have a beautiful antique copper-braising pan that I bought in France in 1989. I have probably cooked in this pan 500 times! And I just love its weight and the nostalgia of using it.
Classically, the onions are cooked for a long time until they get really dark to develop the natural sugars. While I enjoy the soup made this way, I also enjoy this variation—It leaves the onions recognizable and comes out with a superior texture. Several types of onions makes for a more nuanced flavor and the addition of the Maine maple syrup creates a nice sweet/acidic counter point with the sherry that I think is fantastic.
Thickened or just liquid broth is a big debate among onion soup aficionados. I am in the thickened camp but if you're not, leave out the flour. If you're avoiding gluten try changing out the flour for rice flour or cornstarch.
The cheese…another controversial topic! Not to offend the purists, but my favorite is beer cheddar. The one I like the best is Alehouse Cheddar made by Vermont Farmstead Cheese Company (Hannaford often has it).
To be honest, I love onion soup—if I'm traveling and I see it on a tavern menu I almost always have a bowl. It just feels like a big hug.
1. Sauté all the onions with butter in a straight sided sauté pan. Stir often with a wooden spoon until the onions start to develop some nice color—but not too dark and caramelized.
2. Stir in the maple syrup, cook onion until a little darker—careful not to burn the syrup.
3. Stir in the flour to make a roux.
4. Deglaze with the sherry.
5 Add the chicken and beef broth and bring to simmer. Taste and adjust seasoning with salt and pepper.
6. Lay slices of French bread on a lined baking sheet and top with the cheddar, bake until cheese is melted and slightly brown.
7. Ladle soup into bowls or a soup tureen, top with cheese croutons and garnish with chopped thyme.


Children will enjoy the luxury of playing on the Model SKP004 play structure. Made up of a 36" elevated platform and a 48" elevated platform that connect by stairs, this play structure is accessible by a pod climber or by stairs. A wave slide is attached to the 36" elevated platform and a double wave slide is attached to the 48" elevated platform. Safety barrier panels border the play structure to keep children safe from falling off. A single drum and a rain wheel found on the ground level of this play structure provide opportunities for on-ground play and also make the Model SKP004 play structure ADA compliant. A pyramid roof covers part of the play structure, providing shade and protection from the sun to children playing on the play structure during sunny days. This play structure is designed for children who are between the ages of 2 and 12 years old.
Sale pricing does not include shipping or installation of product.
Safety Zone: 28' 7" x 29' 5"


WASHINGTON, D.C. — Turf magazine announces with both regret and thanks that Sen. Barbara Mikulski (D-Md) is retiring from the U.S. Senate, reports the Associated Press (AP).
Mikulski, now in her fifth term, is the longest serving woman in the history of Congress. She was first elected to the House of Representatives in 1976 and has served in the Senate since 1987. Mikulski is 78. An AP article announcing her retirement describes her as a "tough, no-nonsense lawmaker". The article also pointed out that she has been "fiercely protective" when it came to the environment, especially Chesapeake Bay issues.
As many of us remember, Mikulski successfully spearheaded an amendment in 2005 to expand the number of H-2B seasonal immigrant workers for small businesses, the great majority of these workers being employed in the landscape/lawn service industry.
Through the "Save Our Small and Seasonal Business Act" many small businesses were allowed to bring returning immigrant workers to their companies without the workers being counted against the 66,000 H-2B visa limit imposed by Congress in 1991.
Said Mikulski at the time: "Businesses all over the country, including many right here in Maryland, are facing a crisis. American companies desperately need seasonal workers so their businesses can survive the summer.
In 2006 approximately 134,000 H-2B workers entered the U.S., and in October of that year Congress extended the Act for one more year.
Efforts by Mikulski and several hundred small business organizations and companies—many of whom participated in special "fly-ins" to Washington to support further extensions of the Act—failed due to bitter political bickering.
Even so, the landscape and lawn service industry owes Sen. Mikulski a heart-felt thank you for her support and her tireless efforts on its behalf.


text:
/*	$NetBSD: intr.h,v 1.26 2014/03/13 23:48:38 matt Exp $	*/

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2001, 2003 Wasabi Systems, Inc.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Written by Jason R. Thorpe for Wasabi Systems, Inc.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
 *    must display the following acknowledgement:
 *	This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by
 *	Wasabi Systems, Inc.
 * 4. The name of Wasabi Systems, Inc. may not be used to endorse
 *    or promote products derived from this software without specific prior
 *    written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY WASABI SYSTEMS, INC. ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
 * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
 * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WASABI SYSTEMS, INC
 * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#ifndef	_EVBARM_INTR_H_
#define	_EVBARM_INTR_H_

#ifdef _KERNEL

/* Interrupt priority "levels". */
#define	IPL_NONE	0		/* nothing */
#define	IPL_SOFTCLOCK	1		/* clock */
#define	IPL_SOFTBIO	2		/* block I/O */
#define	IPL_SOFTNET	3		/* software network interrupt */
#define	IPL_SOFTSERIAL	4		/* software serial interrupt */
#define	IPL_VM		5		/* memory allocation */
#define	IPL_SCHED	6		/* clock interrupt */
#define	IPL_HIGH	7		/* everything */

#define	NIPL		8

/* Interrupt sharing types. */
#define	IST_NONE	0	/* none */
#define	IST_PULSE	1	/* pulsed */
#define	IST_EDGE	2	/* edge-triggered */
#define	IST_LEVEL	3	/* level-triggered */

#define IST_LEVEL_LOW	IST_LEVEL
#define IST_LEVEL_HIGH	4
#define IST_EDGE_FALLING IST_EDGE
#define IST_EDGE_RISING	5
#define IST_EDGE_BOTH	6
#define IST_SOFT	7

#define IST_MPSAFE	0x100	/* interrupt is MPSAFE */

#ifndef _LOCORE

#include <sys/queue.h>

#if defined(_LKM)

int	_splraise(int);
int	_spllower(int);
void	splx(int);

#else	/* _LKM */

#include "opt_arm_intr_impl.h"

#if defined(ARM_INTR_IMPL)

/*
 * Each board needs to define the following functions:
 *
 * int	_splraise(int);
 * int	_spllower(int);
 * void	splx(int);
 *
 * These may be defined as functions, static inline functions, or macros,
 * but there must be a _spllower() and splx() defined as functions callable
 * from assembly language (for cpu_switch()).  However, since it's quite
 * useful to be able to inline splx(), you could do something like the
 * following:
 *
 * in <boardtype>_intr.h:
 * 	static inline int
 *	boardtype_splx(int spl)
 *	{...}
 *
 *	#define splx(nspl)	boardtype_splx(nspl)
 *	...
 * and in boardtype's machdep code:
 *
 *	...
 *	#undef splx
 *	int
 *	splx(int spl)
 *	{
 *		return boardtype_splx(spl);
 *	}
 */

#include ARM_INTR_IMPL

#else /* ARM_INTR_IMPL */

#error ARM_INTR_IMPL not defined.

#endif	/* ARM_INTR_IMPL */

#endif /* _LKM */

typedef uint8_t ipl_t;
typedef struct {
	ipl_t _ipl;
} ipl_cookie_t;

static inline ipl_cookie_t
makeiplcookie(ipl_t ipl)
{

	return (ipl_cookie_t){._ipl = ipl};
}

static inline int
splraiseipl(ipl_cookie_t icookie)
{

	return _splraise(icookie._ipl);
}

#define	spl0()		_spllower(IPL_NONE)

#include <sys/spl.h>

#endif /* ! _LOCORE */

#endif /* _KERNEL */

#endif	/* _EVBARM_INTR_H_ */

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Jenny graduated from the Royal Veterinary College in 2015 and originally worked in Oxfordshire. She joined the team at Tilehurst Vets in October 2016 and has enjoyed every day since. Her particular interest in work is soft tissue surgery, but she really enjoys all parts of being a vet.
When not in the practice Jenny enjoys walking trips around the UK, and watercolour painting at home, when she's not being interrupted by her Birman cat, Hiei.
Jenny is currently on maternity leave.


text:
The U.S. Navy Confirmed (On the Record!!) that UFOs Are Real and No One Cares Because Trump Blocks Out the Sun
By Jacob Weindling | April 26, 2019 | 3:10pm
Photo by Barney Wayne/Getty Politics Features Aliens
By far the wildest development in the Trump Era is the fact that the United States government has said that U.F.O.s exist, and the story is either relegated to back-page news, or wiped off the cable news map the moment Trump hits "send" on his next tweet. This was the title of a New York Freaking Times article in 2017—headlined by a Pulitzer Prize winning journalist from the Times' Ebola coverage: Glowing Auras and 'Black Money': The Pentagon's Mysterious U.F.O. Program.
Per the NYT:
Contracts obtained by The Times show a congressional appropriation of just under $22 million beginning in late 2008 through 2011. The money was used for management of the program, research and assessments of the threat posed by the objects.
The funding went to Mr. Bigelow's company, Bigelow Aerospace, which hired subcontractors and solicited research for the program.
Under Mr. Bigelow's direction, the company modified buildings in Las Vegas for the storage of metal alloys and other materials that Mr. Elizondo and program contractors said had been recovered from unidentified aerial phenomena. Researchers also studied people who said they had experienced physical effects from encounters with the objects and examined them for any physiological changes. In addition, researchers spoke to military service members who had reported sightings of strange aircraft.
They even provided video of a U.F.O. taken by the Navy as they marveled at the astronomical speeds it was reaching.
While there are serious issues with some of the details of that story, the overall report proves that the United States Congress appropriated money for a "U.F.O. program" that reportedly recovered "metal alloys and other materials."
Earlier this week, Politico reported that the "U.S. Navy is drafting new guidelines for pilots and other personnel to report encounters with 'unidentified aircraft.'" Yesterday, Joseph Gradisher, the spokesman for office of the deputy chief of naval operations for information warfare said this to The Washington Post:
"We want to get to the bottom of this. We need to determine who's doing it, where it's coming from and what their intent is. We need to try to find ways to prevent it from happening again."
In other words: the United States Navy just confirmed on the record that U.F.O.'s are real, they are intruding on American military airspace and there is nothing we have done to stop them because we don't know much about them.
HOW IS THIS NOT FRONT PAGE NEWS!?!?!?!?!
One of the biggest existential questions we face is whether we are alone in this vast expanse we call a universe. NASA did the math and found that there are 19 sextillion stars like our sun with at least one planet that's similar to Earth. That means that our best odds of being alone in the universe based off our rough knowledge of it is 19,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 to 1.
Aliens are real, folks.
Given that we are the military and aerospace superpower on this planet, if a flying craft didn't come from us—and that's what the Navy is saying—then it's likely that craft is not from this planet. While we don't have official confirmation that aliens are real, we have arrived at a moment—based off of official statements and outer space observations from the most powerful government in the world—where we can conclude that:
1. U.F.O.'s are 100% real.
2. The odds that we are the only life in this universe are unfathomably low.
3. The United States government (and France, and the UK) has some level of knowledge about U.F.O.'s based off of years of studying them.
4. Each government has devoted (at least) millions of taxpayer dollars to U.F.O. programs.
5. The U.S. government confirmed that the Navy's "previously unreported move is in response to a series of sightings of unknown, highly advanced aircraft intruding on Navy strike groups and other sensitive military formations and facilities [since 2014], the service says."
This is one of the most extraordinary stories in the history of mankind, and it's being blocked out of the news cycle because of Donald freaking Trump. Imagine going back to the 1990s and telling yourself that the jackass from Home Alone 2 would overshadow the possible discovery of alien life visiting this planet. This is bewildering.
Because we are all worn down from the drudgery of the news cycle, we don't have any emotional capital left to spend on the United States government confirming on the record that U.F.O.'s are real. This is both disheartening and entirely understandable. The phrase "we live in hell" has become ubiquitous in the Trump Era for a reason. He blocks out the sun metaphorically, and—given his efforts to exacerbate climate change—he is also doing his damnedest to bring that dystopia about literally.
Jacob Weindling is a staff writer for Paste politics. Follow him on Twitter at @Jakeweindling.
More from Aliens
6 Intriguing Documentaries about Aliens By Allison Gorman and Molly Schramm June 25, 2019
The 50 Best Movies about Aliens By Paste Movies Staff June 25, 2019
The U.S. Navy Confirmed (On the Record!!) that UFOs Are Real and No One Cares Because Trump Blocks Out the Sun By Jacob Weindling April 26, 2019
Aliens Are (Probably) Real, Folks By Jacob Weindling January 14, 2019
Check Out This Detailed Map of Alien "First Contact" Landing Spots in Film By Jim Vorel January 2, 2019
Despite What It Looked Like, Aliens Did Not Invade Queens Last Night By Jacob Weindling December 28, 2018
Ridley Scott Still Wants to Bring Back the Engineers for One More Alien: Covenant Sequel By Jim Vorel November 15, 2018
Good News: An Advanced Alien Civilization May Be About to Destroy Us All By Jacob Weindling October 31, 2018
Ridley Scott Says the Disney/Fox Merger Puts Future Alien Films in Jeopardy By Jim Vorel January 9, 2018
Everything Else Is Partisan. Why Not UFOs? By Roger Sollenberger December 19, 2017


text:
January - March 2019 Genotyping of Dombrock and Lutheran blood group systems in blood donors from the...
Pages 25-30 (January - March 2019)
Serologic tests
Genotyping of the lu*01, lu*02, do*01 and do*02 alleles
Genotyping of Dombrock and Lutheran blood group systems in blood donors from the southwestern region of the state of Paraná, Southern Brazil
Ieda Bernadete Volkweis Langera, Jeane Eliete Laguila Visentainera, Joana Maira Valentini Zacariasa, Katia Teixeira de Meiroz Grilob, Paulo Roberto Hatschbachb, Rosane Scotti Zimmermannb,c, Ana Maria Sella,
anamsell@gmail.com
amsell@uem.br
Corresponding author at: Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Maringá, PR, CEP 87020-900, Brazil.
a Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Maringá, PR, Brazil
b Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Paraná (HEMEPAR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
c Hemonúcleo Regional de Francisco Beltrão, Francisco Beltrão, PR, Brazil
Table 1. Sequences of primers used for the genotyping of the LU*01, LU*02, DO*01, and DO*02 alleles.
Table 2. Distribution of LU and DO genotype and allele frequencies in blood donors from the southwestern region of the state of Paraná and in other Brazilian populations.
Lutheran and Dombrock are two blood group systems with low immunogenic antigens; they can cause mild-to-moderate transfusion reactions. For both, immunophenotyping is not performed in the pretransfusion routine in Brazil. In addition, the distribution of their antigenic frequencies is an important marker of ethnicity. Thus, the goal of this study was to carry out the genotyping of the LU*01, LU*02, DO*01 and DO*02 alleles of the Lutheran and Dombrock blood group systems in blood donors from the southwestern region of the state of Paraná, Southern Brazil.
Genotyping was performed for 251 blood donors by specific allele-polymerase chain reaction. The genotype and allele frequencies were obtained through direct counting and compared with other Brazilian populations using the chi-square test with Yates correction.
The distribution of genotype frequencies for LU were 0.4% for LU*01/LU*01, 6.8% for LU*01/LU*02 and 92.8% for LU*02/LU*02 and for DO, they were 19.9% for DO*01/DO*01, 44.6% for DO*01/DO*02 and 35.5% for DO*02/DO*02. The allele and genotype frequencies of LU and DO were similar to those expected for Caucasians, but the DO*01/DO*01 genotype frequency was different to other Brazilian populations. The rare LU*01/LU*01 genotype was found in a loyal blood donor.
The genotyping techniques allowed the evaluation of the LU*01, LU*02, DO*01 and DO*02 alleles in blood donors registered in the Hemotherapy Center of the southwestern region of Paraná, Southern Brazil, and contributed to a genotyped blood donor database.
ART4 protein
BCAM human protein
Genotyping techniques
Blood group antigens
Erythrocyte blood group antigens are carried by surface proteins and glycoproteins on the red blood cell (RBC) membrane lipid bilayer. These antigens are polymorphic and play important biological functions, including ion transport, red cell structure, cytokine chemotaxis, ligand of complement proteins and others. Knowing RBC antigens is essential in blood transfusion practices, because their immunogenicity is related to the formation of alloantibodies and adverse clinical reactions. Currently, 346 RBC antigens have been described with most of them being distributed in 36 blood group systems. New antigens of blood group systems are always being identified (http://www.isbtweb.org).
Immunophenotyping is routinely used to identify RBC antigens and has high specificity and sensitivity. However, some limitations prevent its use, such as in the presence of RBCs from a donor in a recipient's circulation, when RBCs are coated with alloantibodies or autoantibodies, as well as the lack of commercial antisera.1 In these situations, genotyping is an important tool: the characterization of the genes that codify RBC antigens and their variants allows phenotype inference with a high degree of precision.2,3
Two blood group systems that express RBC antigens with low immunogenicity and are involved in mild-to-moderate transfusion reactions and mild hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn are the Lutheran and Dombrock blood groups.4,5 The frequencies of RBC antigens vary in different populations and ethnic groups with the distribution of the Dombrock genotype being useful as a genetic marker.6 Because the Brazilian population has great miscegenation, and its colonization varies according to region,7 the knowledge of the distribution of these RBC antigens could contribute to the understanding of the genetic constitution of Brazilians and to build a representative blood bank.
The Lutheran blood group system (LU - ISBT 005) comprises 22 antigens of a glycoprotein known as basal cell adhesion molecule (BCAM). BCAM is a 597-amino acid protein, belonging to the Ig superfamily transmembrane receptor for laminin α5. This protein is coded by the LU gene located on chromosome 19q13.2, which contains 12.5 kilobases and 15 exons. The molecular basis for most LU*01 and LU*02 alleles is the result of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 230 G>A, which results in the substitution of the amino acid at position 77 (exchange of arginine by histidine) of the glycoprotein.8 This glycoprotein is widely expressed in tissues.9
The Dombrock blood group system (DO - ISBT 014) consists of seven antigens of a 314-amino acid glycoprotein linked to the RBC membrane by glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI). The ART4 gene located on chromosome 12p13.2-p12 encodes a Dombrock glycoprotein (ADP-ribosyltransferase: DO, ART4, CD297) which expresses eight different antigens. The DO*01 and DO*02 alleles differ in three nucleotides in exon 2 at the positions 378C>T, 624T>C and 793A>G. The first two polymorphisms are silent, while the 793 A>G SNP encodes the substitution of a asparagine amino acid for aspartic acid at position 265 of the protein characterizing the respective antithetic antigens Doa and Dob. These antigens are mainly expressed in the membranes of RBCs and lymphocytes.10,11
Considering that there are no genotyping studies for the LU and DO blood group systems in the southwestern region of the state of Paraná, and their importance, the objective of this study was to genotype the LU*01, LU*02, DO*01 and DO*02 alleles in blood donors registered in the Hemotherapy Center of the southwestern region of Paraná, Southern Brazil.
This study was conducted in accordance with the standards recommended by the Ethics Committee of the Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), (# 581/2011 – COPEP) according to the Resolution of the Brazilian Health Council (CNS 466/12) and all subjects gave their informed consent.
Two hundred and fifty-one unrelated red blood donors of the Hemonclúeo Regional de Francisco Beltrão in the southwestern region of Paraná participated in this study. They were enrolled from September 2012 to July 2013. Fifty-one per cent were males and the mean age was 34.35±10.41 years. The state of Paraná is located in the southern region of Brazil, between 22°29′30″–26°42′59″S and 48°02′24″–54°37′38″W. Paraná's ethnic constitution was previously described with the majority being White of European origin (80.6%), with a small contribution of African (12.5%) and Amerindian (7.0%) genes.7 However, a larger percentage of individuals declared themselves as White in the southwestern region of the state (88% vs. 80.6%). The high prevalence of Caucasians in this area is explained as this region was colonized by descendants from Italians, Germans and Poles who first inhabited other Southern Brazilian regions, such as Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina.12
RBC phenotyping for the Lutheran blood group system was performed using the ID-Perfil II gel card (Lua-Lub-ctl) with monoclonal antibody, according to the manufacturer's recommendations (Bio-rad®, California, USA). The RBCs were prepared at a ratio of 1:50 using Diluent 1 (bromelin solution).
Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood collected in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) using the salting-out technique. The concentration and quality of the DNA were analyzed by NanoDrop 2000® technology (Thermo Scientific, Wilmington, USA).
A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was performed as previously described13,14 to genotype the LU*01, LU*02, DO*01 and DO*02 alleles. Human growth hormone (HGH) was used as an internal control for the reaction. The final volume of the reaction was 25μL, constituted by 50ng of DNA, 50pmol of each primer, 1nmol of each dNTP and 2.5U of Taq DNA polymerase (Invitrogen®, Carisbad, CA, USA). The amplification cycles were performed in a PCR 9700 System and Veriti thermal cyclers (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). For the LU*01 and LU*02 alleles, the amplification cycles consisted of denaturation at 94°C for 9min and 32 cycles of 30s at 94°C, 30s at 62°C and 30s at 72°C, followed by an extension of 5min at 72°C. For the DO*01 and DO*02 alleles, the amplification cycles consisted of denaturation at 94°C for 9min and 32 cycles of 30s at 94°C, 30s at 67°C and 30s at 72°C, followed by an extension of 5min at 72°C. The analysis of PCR products was performed in 2% agarose gel, with SYBR Safe DNA Gel Stain (Invitrogen Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY, USA) in a SSP gel System Micro Vat (One Lambda®, Canoga Park, CA, USA). The primers used are shown in Table 1.
Sequences of primers used for the genotyping of the LU*01, LU*02, DO*01, and DO*02 alleles.
LU*01 LU antisense 5′-ACC-ACG-CAC-ACG-TAG-TCT-CG-3′
LUa sense 5′-CTC-GGG-AGC-TCG-CCA-CCA-3′
LUb sense 5′-CTC-GGG-AGC-TCG-CCA-CCG-3′
DO*01 DO-F sense 5′-CAG-GAG-TTT-GGG-AAC-CAG-AC-3′
DOa antisense 5′-GTT-GAC-CTC-AAC-TGC-AAC-CAG-TT-3′
DOb antisense 5′-GTT-GAC-CTC-AAC-TGC-AAC-CAG-TC-3′
The genotype and allele frequencies were obtained by direct counting and recorded on Excel spreadsheets (Microsoft Office Excel 2010). The comparison between different populations was determined using the chi-square test with Yates correction or Fisher's exact test using a 2 x 2 contingency table in the SISA software (http://www.quantitativeskills.com/sisa/statistics/twoby2-.htm). p-Values ≤0.05 were considered significant. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium15 was tested by calculating the expected genotype frequencies and comparing them to the observed values.
The distributions of genotype frequency ratios for all analyzed genes were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. For the Lutheran blood group system, 100% of concordance was found between immunophenotyping and genotyping and for Dombrock, genotyping was previously validated.14
The genotype and allele frequency distributions of the Lutheran and Dombrock in blood donors from the southwestern region of the state of Paraná are shown in Table 2. The distribution of the LU genotype frequencies were 0.4% for LU*01/LU*01, 6.8% for LU*01/LU*02 and 92.8% for LU*02/LU*02 and the allele frequencies were 4.0% for LU*01 and 96% for LU*02. For DO the genotype frequencies were 19.9% for DO*01/DO*01, 44.6% for DO*01/DO*02 and 35.5% for DO*02/DO*02 and the allele frequencies were 42% for DO*01 and 58% for DO*02. These frequencies were compared with other Brazilian populations16–18 (Table 2). Differences were observed for the DO*01/DO*01 genotype frequency which was higher in the populations from the southwestern region of the state compared to all other Brazilian populations. The rare LU*01/LU*01 genotype was found in a loyal blood donor.
Distribution of LU and DO genotype and allele frequencies in blood donors from the southwestern region of the state of Paraná and in other Brazilian populations.
Genotype and allele
Inferred phenotype
Southwestern region of Paranáa
Northeastern region of Brazilb
São Paulo Brazilc
Minas Gerais Brazild
n=251
f(n)
Lutheran system
LU*01/LU*01 Lu(a+b−) 0.004 (1) 0 0
LU*01/LU*02 Lu(a+b+) 0.068 (17) 0.090 0.050
LU*02/LU*02 Lu(a−b+) 0.928 (233) 0.910 0.950
LU*01 Lua 0.04 (19) 0.045 0.020
LU*02 Lub 0.96 (483) 0.955 0.980
Dombrock system
DO*01/DO*01 Do(a+b−) 0.199 (50) 0.100 0.001 0.140 0.03 0.130 0.04
DO*01/DO*02 Do(a+b+) 0.446 (112) 0.430 0.450 0.450
DO*02/DO*02 Do(a−b+) 0.355 (89) 0.470 0.04 0.410 0.420
DO*01 Doa 0.42 (212) 0.315 0.370 0.360
DO*02 Dob 0.58 (290) 0.685 0.630 0.640
freq.: allele or genotype frequency.
Southwestern region of Parana, Southern Brazil (this study).
The northeastern region of Brazil.17
São Paulo, Southeast Brazil.16
Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil.18
Identifying and understanding RBC antigen distribution is needed when one considers the great variability of allele and genotype frequencies in the different ethnic groups and regions. The Brazilian population is extremely heterogeneous resulting from crosses between people from different continents: Amerindians, Europeans and Africans.19 This study is the first to report the distribution of the LU and DO blood systems in the population of the southwestern region of Paraná, Southern Brazil.
The distribution of genotype frequencies for the LU system in this population was similar to the one expected for Caucasians and those found in other Brazilian populations. It was between 92% and 95% for the LU*02/LU*02 genotype or the Lu(a−b+) phenotype.16,17,20,21 It is important to highlight the fact that among the blood donors of the Hemonúcleo Regional de Francisco Beltrão who are considered loyal donors and give blood at least three times a year one had the LU*01/LU*01 genotype which is rare. The blood units of this rare genotype could be suitable for patients presenting the anti-Lub antibody. In Brazil, the Lu phenotype is not routinely investigated and the risk of Lua and Lub alloimmunization should be considered, because Lu incompatibility could cause late hemolytic reactions. Anti-Lua antibodies are rarely correlated to hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn because the presence of the Lutheran glycoprotein of fetal origin in placenta tissue adsorbs the maternal anti-Lu antibodies20,21 The null phenotype Lu(a−b−) was not found in this population. This rare phenotype [http://www.redcrossblood.org] was found in 2.6–3.15% of Iraqi22 and Indian donors.23,24
The distribution of genotype frequencies for the DO system in this study (19.9% for DO*01/DO*01, 44.6% for DO*01/DO*02 and 35.5% for DO*02/DO*02) was similar to what is expected for Caucasians: 18% for DO*01/DO*01, 49% for DO*01/DO*02 and 33% for DO*02/DO*02.11 However, it was different to other Brazilian populations (p-value <0.05) where genotype frequencies are similar to those of Blacks (11% for DO*01/DO*01, 44% for DO*01/DO*02 and 45% for DO*02/DO*02).11 These findings can be attributed to a higher predominance of European descendants in the state of Paraná and more specifically in the southwestern region of Paraná when compared with the other Brazilian regions where African descendants played an important role in the formation of the population.25 Differences in the distribution of various SNPs of the DO blood group system have been reported in blood donor samples from the state of São Paulo and Minas Gerais,18,26 demonstrating these patterns of regional differences in Brazil. These and the findings of this study suggest that the DO blood group system can be considered an ethnic marker.11,27 The anti-Doa and anti-Dob antibodies have been reported in early and late hemolytic reactions, but although some neonates had a positive human antiglobulin test, there are no reports correlating anti-Do to hemolytic disease of the newborn.11 Low titers of Dob antibodies added to other alloantibodies in plasma of multitransfused patients make it difficult to detect. Therefore it is possible that transfusion reactions are not reported due to anti-Dob.10
LU and DO genotyping revealed allele and genotype frequencies similar to those for Caucasians. However, they showed frequency differences when compared with other Brazilian studies highlighting the ethnic mixture in the constitution of Brazilians. The inclusion of the investigation of LU and DO alleles could contribute to ensure transfusion safety, especially for multitransfused patients.
The presence of the low frequency genotype LU*01/LU*01 in individuals from the southwestern region of Paraná and the significant differences for the DO*01/DO*01 genotypes when compared with other Brazilian regions, alert to the need of including LU and DO genotyping. Rare or low frequency alleles and genotypes were previously found for the Rh, Kell, Duffy, Kidd and Diego blood group systems in this same population.28 Thus, our results contribute to the database of genotyped donors and could contribute to matching RBCs for patients with less common phenotypes.
The genotyping techniques evaluated the LU*01, LU*02, DO*01 and DO*02 alleles in blood donors registered in the Hemotherapy Center of the southwestern region of Paraná and contributed to a genotyped blood donor database.
The authors wish to thank the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Laboratory of Immunogenetics - LIG-UEM (00639/99), HEMEPAR, Hemonúcleo de Franscisco Beltrão and the blood donors.
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Methods for blood group antigens detection:...
hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2019;41:44-9