text:
\section{Introduction}
IC~342, a late-type spiral galaxy (Scd), is one of the closest
galaxies to the Milky Way, located only $\sim$~3.3~Mpc away
\citep{sah02,kar05} (1'' corresponds to 16~pc). The physical
properties of its molecular clouds, its infrared luminosity, and the
presence of a nuclear stellar cluster \citep{hut95,schu01} make IC~342 similar
to the Milky Way in many ways. Because of its proximity to the
Galactic equator, IC~342 is a faint optical source.  However, it is a
very rich source of molecular emission, and has been studied in numerous
molecular tracers. Furthermore, IC~342 is nearly face-on, minimizing
line broadening due to galactic rotation, thereby maximizing line
intensity.  This orientation makes IC~342 useful for Milky Way-like
studies.

IC~342 has a high concentration of molecular gas within the inner
1~kpc, especially within 250~pc of the nucleus \citep{isr03}. Inflow
along a large-scale stellar bar \citep{schi03} has been proposed to
explain the large quantity of gas in the nucleus. An S-shaped bar in
the molecular gas (the ``mini-spiral''), has been clearly detected in
the nuclear region in CO(1-0) \citep{hel03} as well as in NIR
observations \citep{bok97}. The mini-spiral is oriented in the
north-south direction, and it is apparently unrelated to the spiral
arms located further out in the disk \citep{lo84}. The two arms of the
mini-spiral meet in a ring composed of dense gas
\citep{ish90,mei01}. This ring, $\sim$ 4'' in radius, surrounds a
central stellar cluster that occupies the central 80~pc of the galaxy
\citep{tur92,bok97}. The central stellar cluster is non-axisymmetric,
with a north-south elongation, which is believed to be caused by the
presence of a nuclear stellar bar with a major axis diameter of $\sim$~13''\citep{bok97}. The nuclear bar creates the ring-like structure at 4'', an Inner Lindblad Resonance (ILR) \citep{bok97}.  Inside the ring, the
abundance decreases for all the molecular tracers studied to date
\citep{mei05}.

Current star formation activity in the nucleus of IC~342 is dominated
by two bright HII regions $\sim$ 4''west and east of the nuclear
cluster. These star formation regions are $\sim$~5~Myr old.  The
central cluster, which is composed of young and massive supergiants,
does not show evidence for current star formation \citep{bok97}.

High-resolution HCN(1-0) studies by \citet{dow92} have shown the
presence of five giant molecular clouds (GMCs) in IC~342 (GMCs A, B,
C, D, and E). These GMCs have sizes from 20 to 40 pc, masses of
$\sim$$10^{6}$ M$_\odot$ and average molecular densities of
$\sim10^4$ cm$^{-3}$ \citep{schu01}. Each GMC appears to be composed of multiple
small, dense clouds \citep{mei01}, which have densities of
$\sim$~10$^{6}$~cm$^{-3}$ \citep{schu01}). \citet{dow92},
\citet{hel93} and \citet{jac96} have shown that the distribution of
GMCs extends close to the nucleus (within a distance of 100~pc) and
well inside the tidal limit. The region occupied by these GMCs
includes both the arms of the mini-spiral and the ring.

GMCs A, B and C are located in the central ring, whereas GMCs D and E
are in the northern arm and southern arm of the mini-spiral,
respectively. GMCs B and C are situated where the arms of the
mini-spiral meet the ring, and may be related to the young star
formation regions found there (the two HII regions mentioned above).
High-resolution studies of C$^{18}$O by \citet{mei01} show that GMC B
is the warmest GMC in the central region. GMC A is the closest to the
nucleus, but it does not show strong star formation. GMC D also does
not show strong star formation, although it is located alongside the
northern arm where \citet{tur92} detected large quantities of
molecular gas with inward motions. GMC N, as noted by \citet{mei05},
is located close to GMCs A and B, in the molecular ring. It has only
been detected in nitrogen bearing molecules.

The GMCs are very warm, with a temperature of 50 to 70~K measured
using HCN(1-0) (\citet{dow92}). However, more recent CO(2-1)
observations by \citet{mei00} have shown that most of the gas within
the GMCs has a temperature of only 10-20~K.  This cool gas is
surrounded by much hotter Photon Dominated Regions (PDRs) with
temperatures that reach 50~K. The ionization of the PDRs may be
produced by the central nuclear cluster, rather than by the HII
regions close to GMCs B and C \citep{mei05}.

The GMCs associated with the nucleus of IC~342 have been the subject
of numerous molecular line studies. However, few observations have been made in the rotation inversion transitions of NH$_3$.  NH$_3$ is a good probe
of the physical conditions in molecular clouds for many reasons.  The
large number of transitions concentrated around $\sim$1.3~cm means
that multiple ammonia lines can be detected with the same receiver on
the same telescope, thereby circumventing cross calibration
problems. Moreover, measuring two emission lines allows us to
calculate the rotational temperature of the gas \citep{ho83}. Also,
due to its high dipole moment, a density of $\sim$ 10$^4$ cm$^{-3}$ is
necessary to excite NH$_3$, making it an excellent high-density gas
tracer.

The first detection of extragalactic NH$_3$ emission was made in IC
342 by \citet{mar79} using the 100m Effelsberg telescope of the
Max-Plank-Institut f{\"u}r Radioastronomie. Numerous studies, both
with interferometers and single-dish antennas, have been carried out
since then in IC~342 \citep{ho82,ho83,mar86,ho90b,mau03}, as well as
in other galaxies \citep{hen00,wei01,tak02,beu05,ott05}. However, the
only previous study of NH$_3$(6,6) in IC~342 was made by
\citet{mau03} using the 100m Effelsberg telescope. This study
detected the presence of warm gas ($>$~150~K) in the center of IC~342.
In particular, they found a high abundance of NH$_3$(6,6)
(N$_{66}$~=~3.2~$\times$~10$^{12}$~cm$^{-2}$), which has an excitation energy
above ground of 412~K. This study also suggested the presence of
multiple components with different temperatures within the
beam. However, due to the large beam (38'' for NH$_3$(6,6)) for these
single-dish data, the multiple components could not be separated.

We have conducted a study of NH$_3$(6,6) using the VLA in order to
resolve the structure of the hot dense gas in the nucleus of
IC~342. Our interferometric observations produce a much smaller beam
(7.8''~$\times$~ 5.0''), allowing us to separate the emission from
different structures present in the nucleus of IC~342.  In addition to
studying the molecular structure of the IC~342 nuclear region, we also
relate our data to the center of the Milky Way.  As previously
mentioned, IC~342 is a perfect candidate for Milky Way-like studies.
Interferometric observations of NH$_3$(6,6) at the Galactic Center
have shown that there is a large concentration of high density hot gas
surrounding Sgr~A* \citep{her02,her05}. Therefore, the study of the nuclear
region of IC~342 is not only important in itself, but it also provides
an excellent opportunity to investigate the same processes that take
place in our own Galactic Center.

\section{Observations}

Observations of NH$_3$(6,6) ($\nu$~=~25.056025~GHz) were made with the
NRAO Very Large Array (VLA$^{5}$) in the D configuration on 2003
February 15 and 16. The pointing was centered on
$\alpha_{2000}$~=~03$^h$46$^m$48.7$^s$,
$\delta_{2000}$~=~68\arcdeg05'46.7''.  The data consisted of a 25 MHz
bandwidth divided into 15 spectral channels with a velocity resolution
of 9.3~km~s$^{-1}$. The velocity coverage was from -30~km~s$^{-1}$ to
+110~km~s$^{-1}$, centered on {\it
v}$_{LSR}$~=~40~km~s$^{-1}$. Channels 1, 14 and 15 were removed from
the data because of low sensitivity due to the roll off in the
passband response. Channels 2 and 3 were used for continuum
subtraction, which was performed in the uv plane, thus resulting in an
effective velocity coverage from 0~km~s$^{-1}$ to 90~km~s$^{-1}$. The
fact that the continuum subtraction has been performed using channels
from only one side of the line does not affect the final result since
the bandpass was calibrated by observing 0319+415 (3C84).

The data were calibrated using the NRAO Astronomical Imaging
Processing System (AIPS). The total on-source integration time was
$\sim$7~hours. The flux calibrator was 0137+331 (3C48) with an assumed
flux of 0.99 Jy at 1.3~cm. The phase calibrator was 0228+673, with a measured
flux of 1.04~$\pm$~0.01~Jy. We performed phase-only self-calibration
to correct for atmospheric fluctuations on short time-scales. The
self-calibration was done on the broadband continuum data (the average
of the inner 75\% of the 25 MHz window), and the results were applied
to the line data. Final deconvolution was performed using IMAGR. The
overall improvement in RMS noise due to self-calibration was about a
factor of 2. The final RMS noise per channel is 0.3~mJy~Beam$^{-1}$
and the overall achieved RMS sensitivity is
3.6~mJy~Beam$^{-1}$~km~s$^{-1}$. Natural weighting of the uv data
produced an image with a synthesized beam of 7.8'' x 5.0'' with a
position angle of 64\arcdeg. The integrated intensity map was produced
using the MOMNT task with a minimum flux cutoff of 0.4~mJy.  The
absolute positional accuracy is limited by phase noise, and is on the
order of 1''.

\section{Results}

We detect and resolve the extended NH$_3$(6,6) emission from IC~342
(figure \ref{cont.fig}). Three line emission peaks are clearly visible
in our results, marked by numbers 1-3 on figure \ref{cont.fig}. Peaks
1 and 2 appear to be embedded in a single, extended molecular
structure. The third peak, which has not been previously observed in
any molecular tracer, is isolated. Comparing the line emission map
with the continuum map (in contours and false colors, respectively, in
figure \ref{cont.fig}), we find that peak 2 corresponds to the
continuum emission peak, which marks the location of a strong heating
source as well as the nucleus of IC~342 \citep{dow92}. Throughout this
paper, peak 1 will be referred to as the {\it (6,6) peak}, peak 2 as
the {\it continuum peak}, and peak 3 as the {\it west peak}.

We compared our NH$_3$(6,6) flux with the single-dish data from
\citet{mau03}. Because the beam size for the 100m Effelsberg telescope
is 38'', all three of our NH$_3$(6,6) peaks are well within the
Effelsberg beam. From \citet{mau03}, the single-dish flux is
4.5~$\times$~10$^{-3}$~Jy~Beam$^{-1}$, while the sum of the fluxes
detected for the three NH$_3$(6,6) peaks presented in this paper is
4.6~$\times$~10$^{-3}$~Jy~Beam$^{-1}$. Therefore, there is no missing
flux, and all emission detected in the single-dish data must originate
in clouds with size scales smaller than $\sim8''$.

Because the relative locations of the NH$_3$(6,6) emission peaks and
the GMCs may provide a clue to the behavior of material near the
nucleus of IC~342, we overlay the positions of the 6 GMCs on our
NH$_3$(6,6) map (GMCs A, B, C, D, E and N in figure
\ref{positions.fig}). We plot the spectra at the positions of our
three peaks and the 6 GMCs.  For comparison, we also plot spectra
taken from three random, emission-free positions (figure
\ref{spectra.fig}).

In order to investigate the physical conditions in the NH$_3$(6,6)
clouds that we observe, we also compare our NH$_3$(6,6) map to
HNC(1-0), HC$_3$N(10-9), N$_2$H$^+$(1-0) \citep{mei05}, CO(1-0)
\citep{hel03}, and CO(2-1) \citep{schi03}.  We have chosen these five
molecular lines for different reasons. HNC, HC$_3$N and N$_2$H$^+$
have proved to be high-density tracers. Moreover, these molecules are
nitrogen bearing like NH$_3$. Comparing the results from HC$_3$N, HNC
and N$_2$H$^+$ with NH$_3$, we can determine whether GMC N is also an
emission peak in NH$_3$.

CO is second only to H$_2$ in terms of abundance in the interstellar
medium.  However, H$_2$ cannot be directly studied because of the lack
of a dipole moment. We compare our NH$_3$(6,6) data to CO(2-1) and
(1-0), which, because of their low excitation requirements, are the
molecular tracers that detect more extended emission in IC~342. Most of the CO(1-0)
emission comes from the extended ridges of the mini-spiral, but not
directly from the GMCs embeded in it \citep{dow92}. In contrast,
CO(2-1), at twice the excitation above ground, is detected in warmer
gas than CO(1-0). As mentioned before, \citet{mei00} have found most
of the gas inside the GMCs to be colder than the gas outside of them,
since the GMCs are surrounded by PDRs. Thus, it is not surprising that
the warmer CO(2-1) is detected in the thin outer layers of the GMCs
where they are heated from outside by UV photons
\citep{tur93}. Therefore, the comparison with NH$_3$(6,6) could
provide some clue as to the kind of gas traced by this highly excited
transition. We expect to find NH$_3$(6,6) concentrated in the areas
where CO(1-0) is weaker and inside the GMCs traced by CO(2-1). A gas distribution of this sort would reflect the fact that NH$_3$ is
optically thin, while CO is optically thick, and that the gas
distribution depends on density. Therefore, even though the hotter CO
has been detected outside of the GMCs instead of inside, we expect the
optically thin and dense NH$_3$ to be found well inside the GMCs.

Because the different molecular lines have been measured using
different telescopes, we have resampled the maps with the same size
pixels, in order to allow a proper registration for direct
comparison. We did not convolve the maps, choosing to keep the full
resolution of each map. However, most of the maps we use for
comparison in fact have a very similar angular resolution to our
data. We use the latest HNC(1-0), HC$_3$N(10-9) and N$_2$H$^+$(1-0)
results from \citet{mei05}. These three molecular lines have been
measured using the Owens Valley Radio Observatory (OVRO) and have an
angular resolution of 5-6'' with a positional accuracy of $\sim$
1''. The CO(2-1) map by \citet{schi03} was also made using OVRO, but
the angular resolution is 1.2'' with a positional uncertainty of less
than 0.1''. Matching the angular resolution of CO(2-1) to our NH$_3$
data was not useful because the detected structures would be smoothed
away. CO(1-0) has been measured using the Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland
Array (BIMA) together with the 12m NRAO antenna \citep{hel03}. The
angular resolution of 5.6'' is similar to the resolution of our VLA
data. The CO(1-0) data have a positional accuracy of $\sim$
0.4''. Only the CO(1-0) data include short spacing information, and
are thus sensitive to large-scale structure. Therefore, the flux
associated with the other molecular tracers must be assumed to be a
lower limit. The lack of short spacings does not appear to be as important for NH$_3$(6,6) as there is no missing flux as compared to single-dish measurements. Nevertheless, some caution must be applied to detailed comparisons between molecules.

In order to understand the significance of the {\it west peak}, which
is not detected in any of the other molecular lines, we also compare
our results to a 6~cm continuum map from the VLA (C.-W. Tsai, private
communication) (figure \ref{6cm.fig}).
The 6~cm continuum peak
appears spatially coincident with our 1.3~cm continuum map (figure
\ref{cont_cont.fig}). Therefore, we are confident that the features we
observe in NH$_3$(6,6) are well placed in comparison with the 6~cm
map, i.e. the positional accuracy is reliable.

Finally, it would be very useful to compare the NH$_3$(6,6) emission
to emission from other metastable transitions of
NH$_3$. Comparing our NH$_3$(6,6) map with the NH$_3$(1,1)
and (2,2) maps by \citet{ho90b} we find that, in general, the detected
features on the three maps are remarkably different. Since the lower
excitation lines are sensitive to colder gas, the NH$_3$(1,1) and
(2,2) maps appear to trace the more extended emission, such as the
mini-spiral, and GMC D. However, the emission in these lower lines
seems to ``avoid'' the position where the {\it continuum peak} is
located, whereas the NH$_3$(6,6) emission is very strong in that
location. \citet{ho90b} associated the weakness of NH$_3$(1,1) and
(2,2) toward the continuum source either with photoionization or high
temperatures present in the nuclear region. Because of the detection
of NH$_3$(6,6), which is at 412~K above ground, the second scenario is
indeed the most plausible explanation. More recent results in
NH$_3$(1,1) and (2,2) are consistent with the earlier results
(M. Lebr{\'o}n, private communication).

Below, we discuss the three NH$_3$(6,6) peaks in turn.

\subsection{(6,6) peak}
When comparing the NH$_3$(6,6) map with the positions of the GMCs, we
notice that the {\it (6,6) peak} is remarkably close to GMC C (figure
\ref{positions.fig}). The two positions are in fact coincident to
within the absolute positional uncertainties of the NH$_3$ map.  We
conclude that the {\it (6,6) peak} and GMC C are likely the same
structure. Previous studies have demonstrated that the strongest star
formation areas in the central region of IC~342 are GMCs B and C,
which are both located where the arms meet the ring. Therefore,
NH$_3$(6,6) traces areas where the star formation activity has been
enhanced.

The HC$_3$N(10-9) emission from \citet{mei05} has a structure similar
to that of the NH$_3$(6,6) emission (figure \ref{hc3n.fig}). In both
maps, the strongest line emission is found at the position of the {\it
(6,6) peak}. We compare the line profiles detected in HC$_3$N(10-9) by
\citet{mei05} with that in NH$_3$(6,6) at the position of the GMC that
is closer to our detected peak (GMC C) and we find that they have very
similar velocities. Thus HC$_3$N(10-9) and NH$_3$(6,6) appear to trace the
same high-density, high-temperature material.

When comparing the NH$_3$(6,6) results with those from the HNC(1-0) map by
\citet{mei05} we find that the emission of the GMC close to the
position of the {\it (6,6) peak} (GMC C) is weaker than the emission
arising from another region of the map (figure 5). The different behavior might indicate that HNC(1-0) is a density tracer while NH$_3$(6,6) is a better temperature tracer. In fact, \citet{mei05} note that HNC is more strongly detected in areas of high volume density, not only high column density.

The distribution of N$_2$H$^+$(1-0) is very similar to that of HNC(1-0) (figure
\ref{n2h+.fig}), although the N$_2$H$^+$(1-0) emission is slightly more
extended towards the north, tracing the northern arm of the
mini-spiral. The N$_2$H$^+$(1-0) emission peaks at the location of GMC N,
which is not close to the {\it (6,6) peak} (see figure 1).  N$_2$H$^+$
is believed to trace dense quiescent gas \citep{wom92}. The lack of
coincidence between the N$_2$H$^+$(1-0) and the NH$_3$(6,6) maps indicates
that the ion is tracing the areas where the star formation seems to be
less intense or non-existent, while the NH$_3$(6,6) is present in active
star formation regions.

The {\it (6,6) peak} coincides with the CO(2-1) peak measured by
\citet{schi03} (figure \ref{co21.fig}). The CO(2-1) traces the eastern
and western parts of the two molecular spiral arms where they form the
molecular ring. The NH$_3$(6,6) appears to extend outside of the
eastern arm, but the spatial coincidence is excellent when the
different angular resolutions of the two data-sets are
considered. This coincidence of NH$_3$(6,6) and CO(2-1) suggests that
the gaseous material flowing inwards along the northern arm of the
``mini-spiral'' is interacting with the inner ring, heating GMC C, and
therefore producing the CO(2-1) emission.  This interaction may also
be triggering a burst of star formation at the same location.

Like in the CO(2-1) map, the NH$_3$ {\it (6,6) peak} appears to be
offset by 1'' to the SE as compared to the CO(1-0) map by
\citet{hel03} (figure \ref{co10.fig}). In this case, the angular
resolutions of the two maps are similar. The slight offset may not be
significant given the absolute positional error of about 1''. The
CO(1-0) traces the more extended and colder gas that forms the
S-shaped bar, whereas the NH$_3$(6,6) is more compact and detects the
warmer material accumulated in the regions where the inflow from the
bar meets the inner ring. However, the NH$_3$(6,6) and the CO(1-0)
maps do seem to be well-correlated, since both main peaks are
detected.

When comparing the NH$_3$(6,6) map with the 6~cm continuum map, we
find that the {\it (6,6) peak} appears at the edge of the 6~cm
continuum emission (figure \ref{6cm.fig}). The 6~cm emission seems to
have a ``tail'' that ends at the position of the {\it (6,6) peak}.
However, there is no evidence for a diffuse continuum component in
this area. \citet{bec80} and \citet{tur83} found that the 6~cm
continuum map of the center of IC~342 was mainly dominated by
free-free thermal emission.  However, in the northern part of the CND
where the {\it (6,6) peak} is located, the emission was mostly from
synchrotron origin.  Thus, there is synchrotron emission associated
with the {\it (6,6) peak}, but not with its surrondings.  A possible
explanation for these observations could be that the {\it (6,6) peak}
is located in the position of a very concentrated burst of star
formation that has developed some supernovae, but no such activity has
taken place outside of this position.

In summary, the presence of a strong star formation region where the {\it (6,6) peak} is located, and a comparison of the NH$_3$(6,6) distribution with other molecular lines, suggest that the {\it (6,6) peak} has the characteristics of a column density and temperature peak.

\subsection{Continuum peak}
The NH$_3$(6,6) {\it continuum peak} is offset by 2''-3'' from GMCs B,
A and N, which trace an arc around it (figure
\ref{positions.fig}). This offset appears significant, especially
since the NH$_3$(6,6) {\it continuum peak} coincides well with the
6~cm continuum peak (figure \ref{6cm.fig}). When comparing GMC B and
the {\it continuum peak} spectra, we notice that even though the {\it
continuum peak} spectrum is stronger, the integrated intensity is very
similar. As remarked before, GMC B is a very strong star formation
area. On the other hand, no trace of star formation has been detected
towards GMC~A to date.  The lack of a strong NH$_3$(6,6) detection at
the position of GMC~A supports the theory that there is no current
star formation in this region.  GMC A has a NH$_3$(6,6) spectrum only
slightly more intense than the background emission-free spots (figure
\ref{spectra.fig}). We do not find a differentiated feature in the
integrated intensity map where GMC N should be. However, the spectrum
at this position is clearly above noise-level.

The HC$_3$N(10-9) map from \citet{mei05} shows a peak near the {\it
continuum peak} (figure \ref{hc3n.fig}). As in the NH$_3$(6,6) map,
the {\it continuum peak} seems weaker than the {\it (6,6) peak}. Since
GMC B, which seems to be the GMC closer to the {\it continuum peak},
is the warmest region of the nucleus of IC~342, the fact that
NH$_3$(6,6) and HC$_3$N(10-9) are weaker at this point may suggest
that the total column density is not a maximum at this position.

The {\it continuum peak} is offset by 2'' north of the secondary peak
in HC$_3$N(10-9) and the primary peak detected in HNC(1-0) by
\citet{mei05} (figure \ref{hnc.fig}). This offset appears to be
significant.  A similar offset between NH$_3$(6,6) and N$_2$H$^+$(1-0) is
also observed.  These results suggest that neither HC$_3$N(10-9) nor
HNC(1-0) nor N$_2$H$^+$(1-0) are tracing a temperature peak, which is in
fact better traced by NH$_3$(6,6).

The {\it continuum peak} is a very weak feature in the CO(2-1) map
\citep{schi03}. Unlike NH$_3$(6,6), CO(2-1) does not detect the gas
associated with the heating source located at the {\it continuum
peak}, but instead traces the gas surrounding it (figure
\ref{co21.fig}).

The {\it continuum peak} also appears offset by 3'' from the secondary
peak detected in the CO(1-0) map by \citet{hel03} (figure
\ref{co10.fig}). As in the NH$_3$(6,6) map, this secondary peak is
weaker than the one that coincides with the {\it (6,6) peak}, and
although the kind of gas traced by the two molecules have different
temperatures, the overall structure has some similarities.

Finally, as expected, the {\it continuum peak} is located close to the
6~cm continuum emission peak (figure \ref{6cm.fig}). The 6~cm
continuum emission seems to trace an arc structure around the
NH$_3$(6,6) {\it continuum peak} rather than being concentrated at
that same spot.  In this case, the angular resolution is different by
a factor of 10. With higher resolution, the NH$_3$(6,6) emission could
be even better correlated with the 6~cm continuum structure.  The good
correspondence with the radio continuum peak, and the offset of a few
arcseconds relative to other molecular peaks which sample lower
temperature gas, suggests that the NH$_3$(6,6) emission could be
tracing a hot molecular component near the nucleus. \citet{isr03}
suggest that the nucleus of IC~342 has two different molecular mass
components, a cold and dense component, which represents about one
third of the total molecular mass, and a less dense and hotter
component. A similar situation has also been observed in the center of
the Milky Way. By looking at six NH$_3$ metatestable inversion
transitions (from (1,1) to (6,6)) in the Galactic Center region
(575~pc~$\times$~145~pc), \citet{hut93} find the distribution of the
transition lines to differ from one another. While lower transition
lines look similar, the higher transitions often look very
different. In fact, \citet{hut93} find that molecular gas in the
nuclear region of the Galaxy is best modeled as a mixture of hot
($\sim$~200~K) and cold (25~K) gas, in which 75$\%$ of the gas is in
the cold component. This ``two-temperature'' structure continues to
hold even within 5~pc of the nucleus \citep{her05}. Furthermore, studies by
\citet{her02}, with a similar velocity resolution to ours, find NH$_3$(6,6) to be clearly concentrated in the nucleus of the Milky Way. Obviously, the Galactic Center study refers to a much more concentrated and less massive material than the material detected in IC~342, given the different size-scales (2.7~kpc~$\times$~4.8~kpc for IC~342, 10~pc~$\times$~10~pc for the Galactic Center). Therefore, the mechanism that drives the NH$_3$(6,6) in the nuclear region of IC~342, which is likely to be a star formation process, might be more extensive spatially than the mechanism that is working in the Galactic Center. Nevertheless, given the similar behaviour we find in the nuclear regions of IC~342 and the Galactic Center, this suggests that the {\it continuum peak} could be tracing the hot component present in the nucleus of IC~342, i.e. the {\it continuum peak} is a temperature peak.

\subsection{West peak}
The {\it west peak} has no counterpart in any other molecular line map
that has been published to date. However, the careful reduction
process that we have used gives us confidence to conclude that this
structure is not a noise feature. In addition, the lack of a symmetric
counterpart on the other side of the nucleus of IC~342 leads us to
conclude that the {\it west peak} is unlikely a sidelobe effect.  The
{\it west peak} is not very strong, but it is a remarkable feature
because it is detected over a wide velocity range. We compare the {\it
west peak} spectrum to three randomly chosen noise-level spectra in
figure \ref{spectra.fig}.  We find that, although weak, the overall flux level associated with the {\it west peak} is above the noise level.

The comparison of the NH$_3$(6,6) emission map with the latest VLA 6~cm continuum emission map from Ch.-W. Tsai (A and C configurations combined) shows no evidence of radiocontinuum emission at this location (figure \ref{6cm.fig}).

The presence of NH$_3$(6,6) at positions where there have been no
previous molecular detections has occurred elsewhere. In the Milky
Way, NH$_3$(6,6) has been detected within 2~pc of the Galactic Center
with no corresponding emission from other molecular tracers
\citep{her02}. This molecular emission (termed the
``high-line-ratio-cloud'') is thought to be the result of absorption
of low-energy transitions (in particular NH$_3$(1,1), (2,2) and (3,3))
by cool material along the line-of-sight \citep{her05}. Though the
size scale of the Galactic Center emission ($<$~2~pc) is much smaller
than the size scales traced in our IC~342 data, it is possible that a
similar geometrical effect could explain the lack of low-energy
molecular emission associated with the IC~342 {\it west peak}.

\subsection{Mass estimates}

Since we have detected three different peaks, we separate the
NH$_3$(6,6) structure into three different areas and calculate the
mass in each.

Because we have only measured one transition line, NH$_3$(6,6), we
cannot directly calculate the excitation temperature of the gas.
Theoretically, the NH$_3$(6,6) opacity could be measured using the
hyperfine splitting of the NH$_3$(6,6) emission line.  However, due to
the weakness of the satellite lines (roughly 3\% of the main hyperfine
line for optically thin gas) and the large linewidths, this
calculation is not possible for our data. We therefore assume
optically thin emission ($\tau$~$\ll$~1) and also consider the source
to fill the clean beam giving
\begin{equation}
{\it T_{ex} \tau \cong T_{b}}~.
\end{equation}

We can obtain the T$_b$ directly from the line profile, using
\begin{equation}
{\it T_b~=~\frac {\lambda^2}{2 k \Omega} S_{\nu}}~,
\end{equation}
where $\lambda$ is the wavelength, k is Boltzmann's constant, $\Omega$ the solid angle and S$_\nu$ is the peak flux density.

The column density is calculated using
\begin{equation}
{\it N_{JK}~=~4.1 \times 10^{-20} cm^{-2} \frac {\tau \nu T_{ex} \Delta v}{A_{10} k_{JK}}}~.
\end{equation}
For NH$_3$(6,6), k$_{66}$~=~0.969, A$_{10}$~=~3.38~$\times$~10$^{-7}$~s$^{-1}$, and $\nu$~=~25.056~GHz \citep{her03}.

Once we know the value of the column density, we obtain the molecular mass through the following equation:
\begin{equation}
{\it M_{H_2}~=~N_{66}~\times~Area~\times~\frac {1}{f_{66}}~\times~\left[\frac {N(H_2)}{N(NH_3)}\right]~\times~m_{H_2}}~,
\end{equation}
where f$_{66}$ is the fraction of NH$_3$ molecules in the (6,6) state,
and is on the order of 0.1 for temperatures higher than 150~K. We use
$\frac {N(H_2)}{N(NH_3)}$~=~10$^{7.5}$ from \citet{mau03}, which is
the relative abundance of H$_2$ to NH$_3$ in fairly warm environments
(T~$>$~150~K).

The resulting mass estimates for each NH$_3$(6,6) peak are given in table 1.

We detect a total warm gas mass of
8.2~$\times$~10$^{6}$~M$_\odot$, clearly much larger than the amount of warm gas mass detected in the interior of the Galactic Center Circumnuclear Disk by \citet{her02}, 10$^{4}$~M$_\odot$ (inner 1.5~pc around Sgr~A*). \citet{rig02} reported a warm mass of 5.0~$\times$~10$^{6}$~M$_\odot$ measuring the quadrupole transition lines of H$_2$ using the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO), assuming a distance of 3.6~Mpc and an area coverage of 14''~$\times$~27''. If we assume the same distance and coverage (the {\it west peak} would be left outside), the warm gas mass detected would be 9.4~$\times$~10$^{6}$~M$_\odot$. \citet{rig02} estimate that the 2.5\% of the gas in IC~342 is warm, using previous published data from \citet{aal95} in various $^{12}$CO, $^{13}$CO and C$^{18}$O transitions for the total molecular gas mass value, measured with a variety of telescopes. Using the same value for the total molecular gas mass (and correcting for the distance) we find that the percentage increases to 4.7\%. Additionally, \citet{mau03} report the 10\% of the total molecular gas in IC~342 to be warm. \citet{mau03} use the warm gas mass value reported by \citet{rig02} corrected for the assumed distance (1.8~Mpc), and compare it to the total molecular gas mass measured using $^{13}$C$^{16}$O data taken with the Heinrich-Hertz-Telescope. Assuming the same distance (1.8~Mpc) and amount of total molecular gas mass than \citet{mau03}, and considering the three peaks, since the beam of Heinrich-Hertz-Telescope (34'') covers all three of them, the amount of warm gas mass would be 7.2~$\times$~10$^{5}$~M$_\odot$, which represents the 5.5\% of the total molecular gas mass. In summary, using two different values for the total molecular gas mass (from \citet{rig02} and \citet{mau03}), and two different area coverages, we still find that the percentage of warm gas mass to total molecular gas mass is $\sim$ ~5\%.

\section{Summary}

We have imaged the nuclear region of IC~342 in NH$_3$(6,6) using the
VLA.  Three emission peaks are detected. The {\it (6,6) peak}
corresponds well with GMC C and is probably a column density and
temperature peak driven by a burst of star formation at the position
where inflowing gas accumulates at a nuclear ring. The {\it continuum
peak} is offset from GMCs B, N and A, but coincides with the 1.3~cm
continuum peak. The 6~cm continuum peak is also very close, and due to
the different resolution betweeen the two maps, we can not rule out
that the two peaks could be in fact coincident. The {\it continuum
peak} is likely a temperature peak corresponding to very hot gas
similar to the hot gas seen in our own Galactic Center around
Sgr~A*. The {\it west peak} is a tentative detection with not known molecular or continuum emission counterpart. The fact that the {\it west
peak} remains undetected in lower transition lines might be due to
absorption along the line-of-sight, as is the case for the
``high-line-ratio-cloud'' in the Galactic Center.  The presence of GMC
N, as detected by \citet{mei05}, could not be positively confirmed in
NH$_3$(6,6) emission. NH$_3$(6,6) emission above noise-level is detected at
the position where this GMC has been reported. However, we did not
detect a distinctive feature at this location.

\acknowledgments

We thank C.-W. Tsai and M. Lebr{\'o}n for sharing their results in
advance of publication. Thanks are also due to E. Schinnerer and
D. Meier for providing the maps we have used for comparison and to
T. Helfer for kindly answering all our questions regarding her
results.  During the development of this study, MM-C has been
supported by an Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and
Astrophysics (ASIAA) fellowship and a Smithsonian Institution Visiting
Student Grant.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
\section{Introduction}

Global expectation values of the chiral condensate and quark number density give information about the structure of the thermal medium at finite temperature and non-zero chemical potential $\mu$.
Calculating these observables {\em locally}, i.~e.~depending on their spatial position,
allows for a spatially resolved analysis of dynamical quark clouds and the chiral condensate around static quark, diquark or Meson sources.
We investigate correlation functions of the chiral condensate/quark number density with the Polyakov loop or products of Polyakov loops, which  allow to probe the screening and string breaking mechanism of systems composed of static color charges at finite temperature.
Lattice calculations of these operators have been performed in the past with staggered and Wilson quarks \cite{Feilmair:1989hi,Feilmair:1988js,Sakuler:1992qx,Buerger:1994zc} for rather large quark masses and on small lattices.
The investigations presented here form the basis for future studies of the spatial correlators of the quark number density, which has been proposed as a means to decide whether the QGP has a liquid phase \cite{Thoma:2005aw}.

\section{Operators}

We have calculated the chiral condensate and the quark number density depending on their spatial position $\bf x$ by using
\begin{equation}
   \bar\chi\chi^f ({\bf x})=\frac{n_f}{4N_\tau} {\rm Tr_c~} \sum_{x_0}{\bf M}^{-1}_{f,xx}\quad\mbox{and}\quad
  n^f_q ({\bf x})= \frac{n_f}{4N_\tau} {\rm Tr_c~} \sum_{y,x_0}{\bf M}^{-1}_{f,xy}\frac{\partial {\bf M}_{f,yx}}{\partial\mu_f},
\label{eq:nq}
\end{equation}
where $x=(x_0,{\bf x})$, $f=1,\dots,n_f$ labels the flavor, $\mu_f$ is the corresponding chemical potential and ${\rm Tr_c~}$ denotes the trace in color space, with ${\rm Tr_c~}{\mathbf 1}=1$. Derivatives with respect to  $\mu_f$ are evaluated at $\mu_f=0$.

We can now calculate the correlator of $\bar\chi\chi^f ({\bf x})$ and $n^f_q ({\bf x})$ with the Polyakov loop $L({\bf x})$ or products of Polyakov loops, for which we use
\begin{equation}
\nonumber
   L({\bf x})=Z(g^2)^{N_\tau}\,{\rm Tr_c~}\prod_{x_0=0}^{N_\tau-1} U_4(x_0,{\bf x}),\quad C_{Q\bar Q}(r)=L(0)L^\ast(r),\quad C_{QQ}(r)=L(0)L(r),
\end{equation}
where $L$, and therefore also $C_{Q\bar Q}$ and $C_{QQ}$, is properly renormalised  by the multiplicative renormalisation constant $Z(g^2)^{N_\tau}$, which is determined at $T=0$ from a matching of the static quark potential to the string potential.
The $C_{Q\bar Q}$ and $C_{QQ}$  describe static meson and diquark systems, respectively.
The correlation functions $\left\langle n_q^f({\bf x})L({\bf y})\right\rangle$ and $\left\langle n_q^f({\bf x})C_s(r)\right\rangle$ for $s=QQ,Q\bar Q$ are then properly renormalised as well.
The renormalisation for $\bar\chi\chi^f$ involves both multiplicative and additive renormalisation constants. In order to eliminate the additive contributions, we calculate the {\em connected} correlator
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:pbp_connected}
\left\langle \bar\chi\chi^f({\bf x})L({\bf y})\right\rangle_{c}=\left\langle \bar\chi\chi^f({\bf x})L({\bf y})\right\rangle-\left\langle \bar\chi\chi^f\right\rangle \left\langle L\right\rangle,
\end{equation}
which approaches the corresponding continuum expression  $\left\langle \bar\psi\psi^f({\bf x})L({\bf y})\right\rangle_c$ in the limit $a\to 0$.

In this work, we analyze gauge field configurations generated in 2+1 flavor QCD
with the p4fat3 staggered fermion action, where the strange quark mass $m_s$ is fixed to its physical value and the light quark mass is choosen as $m_l=0.1m_s$. Lattice sizes are $16^3\times 4,6$ \cite{EoS,Cheng:2006qk}. For the calculation of expectation values we employed the random noise vector method with $100$ random noise vectors.

\section{Results for $\left\langle \bar\chi\chi L \right\rangle_c$ and $\left\langle n_q L\right\rangle$}

\begin{figure}[t]
\scalebox{0.6}{\includegraphics{pbpL_h_u_Ntau.eps}}
\scalebox{0.6}{\includegraphics{pbpL_h_o_Ntau.eps}}
\scalebox{0.6}{\includegraphics{nqL_h_u_Ntau.eps}}
\scalebox{0.6}{\includegraphics{nqL_h_o_Ntau.eps}}
\caption{\label{fig:xL}$\left\langle \bar\chi\chi^s L \right\rangle_c$ (upper row) and $\left\langle n_q^s L\right\rangle$ (lower row) for the strange quark species.
}
\end{figure}
 In fig.~\ref{fig:xL} we show the results for $\left\langle \bar\chi\chi^s L \right\rangle_c$ (upper row) and $\left\langle n_q^s L\right\rangle$ (lower row) for the strange quark species obtained from $N_\tau = 4$ lattices.
We observe that all correlators vanish rapidly at distances $rT\raise0.3ex\hbox{$>$\kern-0.75em\raise-1.1ex\hbox{$\sim$}} 1$,
i.~e.~when $\bar\chi\chi^f$ and $n_q^f$ approach their thermal expectation value
undisturbed by the presence of the static quark.  For small separations $\left\langle \bar\chi\chi^s L \right\rangle_c$  assumes smaller values, signalling a gradual restoration of chiral symmetry in the vincinity of the static quark.
The correlator  $\left\langle n_q^s L\right\rangle$ becomes smaller than zero for smaller separations as well, as the static quark source  is screened by an excess of dynamical anti-quarks arranged in a cloud around the static quark.  The effect becomes smaller above $T_c$, as thermal gluons are available in the deconfined phase to provide screening.  All these findings are in qualitative agreement with those of earlier studies \cite{Feilmair:1989hi,Feilmair:1988js,Sakuler:1992qx,Buerger:1994zc}.

\begin{figure}[t]
\scalebox{0.6}{\includegraphics{nqL_h_Ntau46.eps}}
\scalebox{0.6}{\includegraphics{artif_nqL_u.eps}}
\caption{\label{fig:artifact}$\left\langle n_q^s L\right\rangle$ for $N_\tau=4$ and 6 (left) and for different staggered discretisations of the fermion matrix $\bf M$ at $T/T_c=0.905, N_\tau=4$ (right).
}
\end{figure}

For $\left\langle n_q^s L\right\rangle$ we observe a peculiar dip at $rT \approx 0.5$, which we investigate in more detail in fig.~\ref{fig:artifact}. Varying the lattice spacing, we see in fig.~\ref{fig:artifact} (left), that the position of the dip varies with $a$ as well, pointing at a lattice artifact that vanishes in the continuum limit.
In fig.~\ref{fig:artifact} (right)  we computed $\left\langle n_q^s L\right\rangle$ at $T/T_c=0.905, N_\tau=4$ for p4, Naik and naive staggered discretisations of the fermion matrix $\bf M$.
The artifact is present in all three discretisation schemes, thus its appearance is  not dependent on the particular action used.
Rather the mixing of different quantum channels in the staggered formulation is probably responsible for this effect.

In order to quantify further the behavior of these correlators, we have performed simple exponential fits.
\begin{figure}[h]
\scalebox{0.6}{\includegraphics{pbpL_h_u_Ntau_log.eps}}
\scalebox{0.6}{\includegraphics{pbpL_h_o_Ntau_log.eps}}
\scalebox{0.6}{\includegraphics{nqL_h_u_Ntau_log.eps}}
\scalebox{0.6}{\includegraphics{nqL_h_o_Ntau_log.eps}}
\caption{\label{fig:xL_log} $\left\langle \bar\chi\chi^s L \right\rangle_c$ (upper row) and $\left\langle n_q^s L\right\rangle$ (lower row) for the strange quark species on a log-scale.  Lines are the results of  the $\chi^2$-fits with simple exponential functions.
}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[h]
\scalebox{0.6}{\includegraphics{mass_nqL_pbpL_2.eps}}
\scalebox{0.6}{\includegraphics{indcharge_nt4.eps}}
\caption{\label{fig:screening_masses}Left: Screening masses obtained from an exponential fit.
Closed symbols: $N_\tau=4$, open symbols: $N_\tau=6$. Debye masses are taken from \cite{kostya}.
Right: Induced quark number around a static anti-quark.
}
\end{figure}
The resulting screening masses $m^{l,s}$ of the correlator involving the chiral condensate are, of course, not affected by the multiplicative renormalisation constants.
In fig.~\ref{fig:xL_log} we show $\left\langle \bar\chi\chi^s L \right\rangle_c$ (upper row) and $\left\langle n_q^s L\right\rangle$ (lower row) for the strange quark species on a log-scale together with the results of  the $\chi^2$-fits of exponential functions.
We obtain similar results for the light quark species.
The fit ranges employed were $0.3\le rT\le1$ for $\left\langle n_q^f L\right\rangle$, where we left out the values due to the artifact at $rT\approx 0.5$, and $0.1\le rT\le1.2$ for $\left\langle \bar\chi\chi^f L \right\rangle_c$.

The results for the screening masses obtained from the fits with exponential functions are shown in fig.~\ref{fig:screening_masses}(left).
As expected\footnote{For heavy sea quarks the correlation functions $\left\langle \bar\chi\chi^f L \right\rangle_c$ and $\left\langle n_q^f L\right\rangle$ can be related to hopping parameter expansions of real and imaginary parts of Polyakov loops, respectively\cite{Feilmair:1988js}. In this limit one finds at high temperatures $m_{n_qL}/m_{\bar\chi\chi L}=1.5$ \cite{Nadkarni:1986cz}.}
the screening masses obtained from $\left\langle n_q^f L\right\rangle$ are larger than those from $\left\langle \bar\chi\chi^f L \right\rangle_c$ and we generally find  $m^s$ is larger than $m^l$. We observe a drop of all screening masses close to $T_c$, as all correlation functions become large in the cross over region.  For large temperatures we have $m^{l,s}/T\ll 1$ and we therefore expect $m^l=m^s$ to hold, which is not yet the case at $T/T_c=2$.  Moreover, the deviation of the data from the lattice with smaller aspect ratio points to volume effects which are still present in our calculations of $m^{l,s}$.
The Debye masses extracted from the $N_\tau=6$ lattices are roughly of the same size as the screening masses \cite{kostya}.
In order to avoid contamination from excited states, we plan to study $p=0$ projections of the correlators in the future.

The total induced quark number of flavor $f$ around a static anti-quark can be computed by
\begin{equation}
\left\langle N^f_q\right\rangle_{\overline Q}=\frac{\left\langle L^\ast \sum_{\bf x} n_q^f({\bf x})  \right\rangle}{\left\langle {\rm Re~} L\right\rangle},
\end{equation}
where we show the results of our calculation in fig.~\ref{fig:screening_masses}(right). As was already observed in 2-flavor QCD \cite{Doring:2007uh}, $\left\langle N^f_q\right\rangle_{\overline Q}$ vanishes rapidly for $T>T_c$, where screening is predominantly provided by thermal gluons. For $T\to 0$ the induced quark number approaches one, where this limit is approached faster for light quarks than the strange flavor, since the heavier sea quarks are more difficult to induce.

\begin{figure}
\scalebox{0.6}{\includegraphics{cordiq_h_sep5_3d.eps}}
\scalebox{0.6}{\includegraphics{cordiq_h_sep1_3d.eps}}
\caption{\label{fig:QQ}$\left\langle n_q^s\,C_{QQ}\right\rangle$ for $T/T_c=0.905, N_\tau=4$ at separations $rT=1.25$ (left) and $rT=0.25$ (right) of the Polyakov loops.
}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
\scalebox{0.6}{\includegraphics{cordiq_h_sep5_cut0.eps}}
\scalebox{0.6}{\includegraphics{corsing_h_sep5_cut0.eps}}
\scalebox{0.6}{\includegraphics{cordiq_h_sep1_cut0.eps}}
\scalebox{0.6}{\includegraphics{corsing_h_sep1_cut0.eps}}
\caption{\label{fig:QQ2}Cut along the connecting axis of the static quarks, $\left\langle n_q^s\,C_{QQ}\right\rangle$ (left) and $\left\langle n_q^s\,C_{Q\bar Q}\right\rangle$ (right) for several temperatures. The dotted lines give the position of the Polyakov loops.
}
\end{figure}

\section{Results for $\left\langle n_q\,C_{QQ}\right\rangle$ and $\left\langle n_q\,C_{Q\bar Q}\right\rangle$}

We now turn to the computation of three point correlation functions  $\left\langle n_q\,C_{QQ}\right\rangle$ and $\left\langle n_q\,C_{Q\bar Q}\right\rangle$.
In fig.~\ref{fig:QQ}  we show $\left\langle n_q^s({\bf x}_1,{\bf x}_2)\,C_{QQ}(r)\right\rangle$ for $T/T_c=0.905$, calculated on lattices with temporal extent $N_\tau=4$ for separations $rT=1.25$ (left) and $rT=0.25$ (right) of the Polyakov loops,
which are placed at ${\bf x}_1=\pm rT/2,{\bf x}_2=0$.
We see that for large separations $r$ the correlator assumes negative values centered around the individual positions of the static quarks. This signals an excess of dynamical anti-quarks and the screening mechanism is {\em mesonic}, i.~e.~$QQ\to Q\bar q+Q\bar q$, where $Q$ stands for a static quark and $q$ for a dynamical quark. For small separations we observe positive values of the correlator. Thus the screening mechanism has changed to {\em baryonic}, i.~e.~$QQ\to QQq$.
This behavior has been observed in the induced quark number of the diquark system in 2-flavor QCD as well \cite{Doring:2007uh}.

In fig.~\ref{fig:QQ2} we show the values of $\left\langle n_q^s\,C_{QQ}\right\rangle$ (left) and $\left\langle n_q^s\,C_{Q\bar Q}\right\rangle$ (right) along the line connecting the static quarks for several temperatures and two separations, where ${\bf x}_1=x,{\bf x}_2=0$. The dotted lines mark the position of the Polyakov loops, where the anti-quark source in the $Q\bar Q$-system is located at larger values of $x$. We see mesonic screening in the diquark system for large separations $r$ at all $T$ calculated here, whereas at the smallest distance only the lowest temperature turns to baryonic screening. In the $Q\bar Q$-system the screening mechanism is mesonic for all $T$ and $rT$, i.~e.~$Q\bar Q\to Q\bar q+\bar Qq$.

\section{Conclusion and Outlook}

We have studied correlators of the local chiral condensate and the local quark number density with Polyakov loops in 2+1 flavor QCD with almost realistic quark masses at finite temperature on $16^3\times 4,6$ lattices.
We found that the correlator of the Polyakov loop with the quark number density and  the connected correlator  with the chiral condensate are well described by an exponential fit-Ansatz.
We calculated the screening masses from these correlators and the induced quark number in the static quark system.
Moreover, we investigated the quark number density in static diquark and mesonic systems, where we found the screening mechanism in the diquark system to change from mesonic to baryonic at small separations for small temperatures.

In the future we want to study the $p=0$ projection of the correlators with the Polyakov loop to avoid contamination from excited states in the screening masses. Furthermore we like to examine lattices with a larger physical volume in order to get better control over  finite volume effects.
This work forms the basis for future computations of spatial correlators of the quark number density $\left\langle n_q(0)n_q(r)\right\rangle$, which might shed light on whether the QGP has a liquid phase \cite{Thoma:2005aw}.

\section{Acknowledgement}

This manuscript has been authored under contract number DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.~S.~Department of Energy.


text:
Will we be forewarned about the imminence of catastrophic global collapse? Consequences of dealing with System contradiction and incoherence by System capture of evaluation mechanisms
It is striking to read thoughtful cultural commentators from the 1950s-70s, who are confident that The System - based on materialism and motivated by Leftism - will certainly collapse due to its incoherence and contradictions.
The assumption was that soon many or most people will recognize that 'it isn't working' and will abandon The System for something else.
Of course, The System did not collapse - but instead expanded in power and scope; and has now taken-over the world. Yet The System is indeed incoherent and self-contradictory - so how was this survival possible? Why did and do people fail to perceive the incoherence and self-contradiction when it has been obvious for many decades?
The short answer is that The System captured the procedures and dissemination of evaluation: it captured the 'knowledge-making' processes. Therefore, The System now conceals from itself its own incoherence - and its own colossal failures.
This evaluation-capture by The System did not happen fully until the approach of the millennium; although it can be detected growing from the middle 20th century (given extra impetus by WW II) and expanded rapidly from the middle 1960s. Until it was captured; System policy and analysis was able to be evaluated by (substantially) independent systems of analysis, measurement and interpretation (e.g. research, scholarship and science).
But now the evaluation sub-system will provide whatever 'knowledge' The System-as-a-whole regards as necessary for its own perpetuation, expansion and increase of power.
Therefore; The System is always coherent to itself; and when The System is global and self-evaluates - then there can be no incoherence or negative feedback from 'reality' - because 'reality' is only what The System defines as real; and reality in the public domain (i.e. 'objective' reality) comes only from The System.
Anything else than public discourse is System-defined as merely subjective, personal opinion.
(Because here-and-now only the subjectivity of persons stands fully outside The System.)
The survival of The System far beyond expectation means only that The System has, so far, survived.
Survival means nothing else, than survival - and, since The System recognizes no other reality than that revealed by its own evaluation systems; The System may be so extremely disarticulated from the reality of God's creation that the totality could collapse at any moment - of which moment there would be no warning whatsoever in public discourse.
The System only knows that it survives now; and not that it is representing outside-System 'reality' with any degree of validity whatsoever.
The System might (for instance, from a perspective located outside The System) be surviving by destroying everything that sustains itself: might be destroying every-thing from social order and competence to the capacity to grow food and transport goods.
In other words; The System may have survived up to this moment not only by encouraging long-term damaging parasitic behaviour for immediate gain; The System may have survived by actual cannibalism: by consuming itself; as if a starving man were to satiate hunger by eating his own flesh.
All this could be happening - could already have-happened. And yet - because The System has captured evaluation and knowledge production - there would be zero knowledge of the fact in public discourse.
The global and totalitarian expansion of power and scope of The System means that when it does fail and collapse - that failure and collapse must be globally and totally catastrophic (at the institutional level); but even the actuality such a failure cannot ever be seen by The System as evidence of its incoherence or wrongness.
Therefore, when the world-System actually collapses around us...
Detection and recognition of such a situation Happening Now will still continue to be regarded in mainstream, official, 'objective' public discourse as "just a matter of subjective, personal opinion".
There will be no warning; because - after evaluation-capture - there can be no warning.
Matias F. said...
I followed 'the stock market' intensely in 2019-2020 as it was ready to collapse and did collapse at the end of February 2020 for reasons other (Saudi-Arabia, Bernie Sanders) than the birdemic lockdowns. We were going to have a world wide stock market crash and recession any way. Then the birdemic lockdowns combined with extreme economic policies removed any connection 'the economy' had with reality.
If it was possible to objectively evaluate the situation, I would guess that we have been at cannibalism for a while. Now it's possible that one day we'll find the store shelves empty and there will be no warning, as you wrote.
Skarphedin said...
I noticed during the early stages of the pandemic that otherwise insightful ppl treated me (for whatever reason) as incapable of being correct. If I presented some fact about how viruses actually work or made some prediction that came true it was treated as... I'm not sure what? Coincidence? But not as understanding or having been correct. I was simply not in the category of ppl who can be correct. In fact, the "experts" were more correct in being wrong than I was correct in being right. Because of some inherent thing I possessed I was not able to ever be correct. So, I experienced exactly what you laid out.
Hamish said...
A strange situation where I live.... heroic professionals under pressure, saving the lives of people who have experienced a totally safe and effective procedure, but a the same time are quitting en masse and believe in irrational conspiracies. Bumper crops which can't be harvested because people like the new normal too much and want to take it easy. Pent up demand should cause necessary inflation next year which will align with the new economic fundamentals leading to a restoration of growth. People can't wait to spend and take a holiday but cannot obtain credit because of a lack of confidence. Am I missing something?
@H - "Am I missing something?"
Well, yes! You are probably missing scores of equally or more important material factors - as well as the underlying spiritual corruption.
But the fact is that there is such a convergence of multiple destructive factors, any few of which might be lethal, that it is not possible to know which of them will by crucial; nor when they will take effect.
Just that sooner or later the compensatory (negative feedback) mechanisms will fail (since they are being actively dismantled) and a positive feedback state be entered - where each failure causes further (and multiple) failures.
The Door in the Wall

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
The Immutable Andy Phillips
Posted by Anne-Marie Tunks on May 5, 2016
By TERRI LEE FATOUROS Behind Andy Phillips' humble demeanour is a musician with soul and drive, whose gentle but unfailing approach to music has been making moves since he first started his band, The Cadillac Walk, in late 2013. His popularity as a performer has increased exponentially in the last couple of years, to the point where he's now a favourite on the gig and festival circuit. The best way to describe Andy Phillips & The Cadillac Walk – Glenn Sharp on bass and slide guitar, Brendan Burking on vocals, bass guitar and double bass, Rocky on drums and backing vocals and of course Andy Phillips, leading the charge in song and guitar – is a talented, hardworking, professional blues and rock'n'roll band that have been blowing away audiences since their inception. The band blends cool, classic retro-rock hits, high-energy Texas blues and some good old-fashioned rock'n'roll to boot, with a healthy dose of original tunes. Working as a full-time professional musician has seen Phillips rack up an impressive resume playing at many of the top blues festivals in Australia, New Zealand and even Austin, Texas in the United States. In recent months, Phillips has teamed up with 2016 Chain Music Award finalists Keith Hall and Pat Dow, which led to him recording on their new album, A Sense of Place. In April, the band toured with Phillips in Melbourne and will continue through May with Phillips in South Australia. While there, Phillips will record his own album. If all goes to plan, both bands will tour the United Kingdom together later this year. Recently, Phillips has been performing aboard the Lady Cutler Melbourne showboat, doing blues cruises. His partner and manager Heidi LaFaerie has more planned for this year. Keep the cruise on Saturday, 27th August in mind, where Phillips performs with feature artists The Jackson Four and Tony J. King in a Blues Hip Jive cruise party, departing from the Docklands. This event will be high-octane and absolutely awesome. In the mean time, there's a cruise happening before this date on Sunday, 15th May aboard the Hygeia Party Boat from 2-5pm. The Hygeia is Geelong's largest and most luxurious bay cruiser. Bookings can be made on 03 5254 1111. Andy Phillips is a sought after entertainer, recently he was invited to perform at the annual Cars for...
Midnight Kites
Off the back of a #8 ARIA album and a #1 ARIA Australian album chart debut for their all-nighter of an album, twelvefour, The Paper Kites have just completed their Midnight video trilogy of late-night stories with the nostalgic Renegade. Including ethereal videos for two other tracks off the album, Electric Indigo and Revelator Eyes, the trilogy portrays stories that are set between the hours of 12 and 4am; different cities, different people, but all taking place within this transient timeframe. Adhering to the theme, Renegade follows a gang of kids who break into an aquatic cinema, La Cinequatic, in the early hours of the morning. Taking inspiration for the video trilogy from imaginary places and those late-night hours, lead singer Sam Bentley says, "It's been really cool actually seeing these places on screen in the videos, with people watching and asking us where they can find them – I think the idea was to create places that we would love to go to." The vibrant concept was brought to life by director Dan Huiting and his team, alongside a real-life gang of kids as the video's cast. Bentley enthuses, "He has such a great team and they all just tackle every challenge with such enthusiasm… he knew a local skate crew of young kids that he wanted to use for the video – it worked out perfectly." www.thepaperkites.com.au First published in Mint Magazine – May...
By TERRI LEE FATOUROS Behind Andy Phillips' humble demeanour is a musician with soul and drive, whose gentle but unfailing approach to music has been making moves since he first started his band, The Cadillac Walk, in late 2013. His popularity as a performer has increased exponentially in the last couple of years, to the point where he's now a favourite on the gig and festival circuit. The best way to describe Andy Phillips & The...
Off the back of a #8 ARIA album and a #1 ARIA Australian album chart debut for their all-nighter of an album, twelvefour, The Paper Kites have just completed their Midnight video trilogy of late-night stories with the nostalgic Renegade. Including ethereal videos for two other tracks off the album, Electric Indigo and Revelator Eyes, the trilogy portrays stories that are set between the hours of 12 and 4am; different cities, different...
Porcupine Free
Visionary musician, Steven Wilson, who has changed the direction of rock music is set to tour Australia and New Zealand in October 2016. In 2013 Steven Wilson toured Australia with one of the most elaborate productions ever witnessed in rock venues. Those lucky music fans who attended the shows were immersed in a sensory audio-visual experience, simultaneously overwhelming and uplifting. This October, Steven brings Hand. Cannot....
Ponyface pay homage to the Boss
By LACHLAN BRYAN It seems that Australians hold a special place in their hearts for Bruce Springsteen. Perhaps it's his working-class values that permeate his songs, his apparent love for the underdog or the fact he gives us our money's worth with epic three-hour live shows. Then again, maybe we're just impressed a man of his age can keep himself in such excellent physical shape. Whatever the attraction, "The Boss" can do no wrong in...
Blues Alley
By TERRI LEE FATOUROS When a band plays covers from the Beatles and Taj Mahal, you'd hope they do it well. Thankfully, Blues Alley not only do justice to songs like Come Together and Paint My Mailbox Blue, they really nail it in making the tunes their own. Blues Alley is a recently formed blues and rock band with funk, playing covers from Muddy Waters, Rolling Stones, Howling Wolf, Jimi Hendrix, Freddy King and more, with a smattering...
The Goodlife in Paradise
Canadian born singer-songwriter Tracy McNeil has been releasing albums in Australia to the adulation of critics and aficionados since her arrival in 2007. Now a permanent resident, McNeil and her music have been claimed as Melbourne's own. Her 2014 release Nobody Ever Leaves received two nominations in The Age Music Victoria Genre awards (Best Country & Best Folk/Roots album) and Tracy McNeil & The GoodLife were named...


Hispanic American Historical Review (2011) 91 (3): 503-527.
This essay analyzes the current state of the field of history of health and medicine in Latin America and proposes questions and areas for further investigation. Using a variety of databases to identify relevant historiographical sources from across the Americas, the authors focus on a range of subjects that have substantially engaged contemporary historians while opening up still more research avenues. These include the health of diverse populations; new perspectives on religion and on women's health; the historicizing of health systems, health politics, and social medicine; and the local-global nexus in Latin American health and medicine. These themes both draw from and extend beyond those addressed in pathbreaking works such as Nancy Leys Stepan's Beginnings of Brazilian Science. Among the most stimulating developments of recent years are the incorporation of interdisciplinary perspectives on historical analysis, and the elucidation of regional patterns of and preoccupations with the interrelations among state, society, and medicine. The proliferation of historical knowledge regarding the health and medical landscape of Latin America has made this one of the most dynamic fields in historical scholarship today. The authors conclude by discussing emerging methodological and theoretical challenges, including Cold War studies and postcolonialism, and by reflecting on the shared scholarly and political responsibilities of Latin Americanists.


text:
Areas of Research Concentration
All graduate students are asked to focus in one of the department's three areas of concentration. These areas of inquiry are designed around the strengths and interests of our faculty and often intersect across the traditional subfields defined in Anthropology. Students are therefore encouraged to draw upon the expertise of the entire faculty in their work within one of these three conceptual fields.
The department does not view these areas of concentration as isolated categories, but rather in terms of their systemic interrelationships. In keeping with the synthetic and holistic nature of anthropological inquiry, the ways in which these areas overlap and relate to each other is as interesting and functionally important as is their particular character. Therefore, students will be encouraged to explore the interrelationships between their areas and the others.
Students seeking to pursue interests outside these areas may do so with departmental permission and the cooperation of a faculty advisor. Students thus seeking to depart from the areas of concentration must make clear their intent prior to their acceptance of admission.
Anthropology of Health
Anthropology of Health focuses on the anthropological study of how health and well-being are shaped, experienced, and understood in light of global, historical, and structural forces. Faculty interests include global health, community-based health research, health systems, health policy and governance, health disparities, migrant and immigrant health, risk environments, disease and diagnostic categories, addiction, experiences of social suffering, hypermarginality, gun violence, incarceration, and racialization. More information about anthropology of health in the department.
Medical Anthropology and Global Health
Medical anthropology draws on social, cultural, biological, and linguistic anthropology to better understand factors that influence health and well-being (broadly defined), the experience and distribution of illness, the prevention and treatment of sickness, healing processes, the social relations of therapy management and care, and the cultural importance and utilization of pluralistic medical systems.
The program in Medical Anthropology & Global Health is designed to appeal to students who are interested in gaining a strong theoretical foundation in medical anthropology and instruction in empirical analysis of a range of global health issues.
Our interdisciplinary approach to health and healthcare seeks to raise the analytic rigor offered to students, challenging them to develop robust theoretical and empirical skills in order to act on contemporary health challenges.
PROGRAM FACULTY
Christina Getrich, PhD
Expertise: Health disparities & equity, primary care, health & immigration policy, Latinos, US-Mexico borderlands
Andrea Lopez, PhD
Expertise: Hypermarginality, addiction, social suffering, critical phenomenology, urban United States
Joseph Richardson, PhD
Expertise: Gun violence & trauma, incarceration, Black male youth, urban United States
Thurka Sangaramoorthy, PhD, MPH
Expertise: Global health, HIV/AIDS, risk environments, health policy & governance, race, US & Caribbean
Matthew Thomann, PhD
Expertise: Critical medical anthropology, queer anthropology, sexual and gender minority health and well-being, HIVS/AIDS, medialization, global health policy and implementation
Anthropology of Heritage
Anthropology of Heritage focuses on the management of heritage and cultural resources and the identification and study of both material and intangible cultural resources as they relate to our ability to understand the relationships between the past and the present. Faculty interests include historical archaeology, cultural resource management, applied folklore and oral history, heritage tourism development, relationships between culture and history, and health-based heritage practices. More information about heritage studies in the department.
The Department of Anthropology is internationally recognized as a leader in historical archaeology, environmental archaeology, and heritage studies. Anthropology offers skills-based training in zooarchaeology; geospatial technology, mapping, and modeling; geoarchaeology; cultural resource management; archaeological/heritage ethnography; and forensic anthropology. Students may contribute to faculty members' projects in Iceland, Ireland, Italy, the anthracite area of northeastern Pennsylvania, Annapolis and Maryland's Eastern Shore.
Stephen Brighton
Expertise: Material Culture Studies, Labor & Immigration, Diaspora Studies, Historical Archaeology, Contemporary Theory, Ireland
George Hambrecht
Expertise: Zooarchaeology, Medieval Archaeology, Post-Medieval Archaeology, Environmental Archaeology, Norse Archaeology
Kathryn Lafrenz Samuels
Expertise: Cultural Heritage, Environmental Heritage & Climate Change, Archaeological Ethnography & Heritage Ethnography, Cultural and Heritage Resource Management, Rights & Democratic Practice
Mark Leone
Expertise: Critical Theory, Emancipation, Public Archaeology
Barnet Pavao-Zuckerman
Expertise: Zooarchaeology, Colonialism, Animal Husbandry, Environmental Archaeology, Plantation Archaeology, Mission Archaeology, Southwestern Archaeology, Southeastern Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
Paul Shackel
Expertise: Labor, Heritage, Civic Engagement, Historical Archaeology, Social Justice
Anthropology of Environment focuses on the anthropological assessment of environmental issues, the management of natural resources and the study of biological, cultural and behavioral factors as they impinge upon our understanding of the environment and our ability to respond to environmentally based opportunities, problems, and crises. Faculty interests include human ecology, cultural and environmental conservation, culture and cognition in environmental decision making, gender and ethnic factors in environmental problem solving and conservation, environmental justice, ecotourism, and aspects of agricultural development and regional or community planning. More information about environmental anthropology in the department.
Ecological and Environmental Anthropology
Ecological and environmental anthropology focuses on the anthropological assessment of environmental issues, the management of natural resources and the study of biological, cultural and behavioral factors as they impinge upon our understanding of the environment and our ability to respond to environmentally based opportunities, problems, and crises.
The program in Ecological and Environmental Anthropology is designed to appeal to students who are interested in gaining a strong theoretical foundation and instruction in empirical analysis of a range of ecological and environmental issues.
Our interdisciplinary focus on the environment seeks to raise the analytic rigor offered to students, challenging them to develop robust theoretical and empirical skills to act on contemporary environmental challenges.
Madeline Brown
Expertise: Ethnoecology, common-pool resources, research design and methods, social network analysis
Janet Chernela
Expertise: Ethnography of the Amazon basin, NGOs, Latin American Studies
Expertise: Zooarchaeology, dynamics between humans and natural systems
Expertise: Climate change, energy resources, international development, cultural heritage
Yancey Orr
Expertise: Environmental anthropology, phenomenology, indigenous environmental knowledge
Michael Paolisso
Expertise: Chesapeake region, economic anthropology, research methods
Expertise: Native Americans and European colonization, zooarchaeology
Jen Shaffer
Expertise: Human-environmental interactions, historical ecology, indigenous knowledge, rural livelihoods, conservation, climate change adaptation and resilience, Southern and Eastern Africa.


For sale is a Like-New, in PERFECT Condition Angelcare Movement Sensor and Baby Sound Monitor.
Was the greatest purchase that we made for our kids when they were born.
You can definitely sleep a great deal easier with this system!
The beautifully designed AC201 Movement and Sound Monitor is an adorable addition to any baby décor. It combines a crystal-clear sound monitor and highly sensitive movement detector in a single system that lets you listen for baby's cries and alerts you within 20 seconds if no movement is detected in your little sweetheart's crib.
Audio "Tic" Feature – Turn on this feature and your Parent Unit will make a ticking sound to reassure you that the monitor is working even when your baby is sleeping silently.
Adjustable sensitivity – Allows you to select your desired movement sensitivity level.
Nursery Unit operates on AC adapter or backup batteries – Nursery Unit operates on AC adapter or backup batteries. What happens if there's a power outage while the family is sleeping? No worries. The Nursery Unit will switch over to battery mode. The battery option is also great for travel.
Portable Parent Unit – Battery operated means it's portable. The AC adapter means you always have a solution should your batteries start running low.
*Note: The Sensor Pad can be used with a regulatory standard baby mattress, whatever the size or thickness. However, it cannot be used with memory foam mattresses, dual sided, mattresses with a hollow frame or Purflo mattresses.


I have a ridiculous WR in that thing.
Great game! Baby Asashio is a lot of fun.
Phra Ruang is far from garbage. The torpedoes alone are absurd for T3.
Not being able to use torpedoes against other DDs (and only having four of them) really kills it for me. I only just started playing Pan-Asia DDs so I still have to get used to not having torps in a knife fight.
It's a weird feeling at first. But then you realize you have OP smokes and more firepower than most of your contemporaries. T3 and T4 Pan Asia DDs are very strong both as gunboats and torpedo boats. Can't speak to anything beyond that yet.
Tier 7 and 9 are my favorites right now.
Can't wait to get t10.
Tier V is not good, a combination of underwhelming guns and a very narrow stealth torping window, on a hull that is not very good.
The tier VI is a Gnevny with 8km DWT a la Anshan. It's a bit old hat after playing the other two.
The rest are pretty good. I racked up stupid scores in the Hsienyang, even though it's just a crappy C-hull Benson.


text:
Political Information Last Updated: Mar 15, 2021 - 10:28:00 PM
Israel: Agents, Assets and Sayanim
By Jeff Goodall
Dec 4, 2011 - 11:52:20 PM
"The secret to Israel's force-multiplier in the U.S. is its use of agents, assets and sayanim (Hebrew for volunteers)… With oversight by Israeli case officers (katsas), Israeli operations proceed in the U.S. by using agents, assets and volunteers (sayanim)."
"Much like military reservists, sayanim are activated when needed to support an operation. By agreeing to be available to help Israel, they provide an on-call undercover corps and force-multiplier that can be deployed on short notice… When not aiding an ongoing operation, sayanim gather and report intelligence useful to Israel. This volunteer corps is deeply imbedded in legislative bodies, particularly in the U.S."
"I want to tell you something very clear, don't worry about American pressure on Israel, we, the Jewish people control America, and the Americans know it." – Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, October 3rd, 2001.
According to Viktor Ostrovsky: "There are thousands of sayanim around the world… You have at your disposal a non-risk recruitment system that actually gives you a pool of millions of Jewish people to tap from outside your own borders."
"Katsas (Mossad case officers -JG) in the stations are in charge of the sayanim, and most active sayanim will be visited by a katsa once every three months or so, which for the katsa usually means between two and four face-to-face meetings a day with sayanim, along with numerous telephone conversations."
As Jeff Gates says in the article below:
"Making this treason transparent is essential to restore U.S. national security. That transparency may initially appear unfair to the many moderate and secular Jews who join others appalled at this systemic corruption of the U.S. political system.
"Yet they are also concerned that somehow they may be portrayed as guilty by association due to a shared faith tradition. That would be not only unjust to them but also ineffective in identifying and indicting those complicit."[Ron: Really?! Sooo, Although most Jews benefit politically, academically, vocationally and socially from the vastly excessive power and influence of both public Jew activists and many SECRETLY ACTIVE dual nationality Jews, AND they would have to be deaf, blind and stupid NOT to NOTICE the excessive power and influence being exercised to benefit Jews, all "inactive" Jews are innocent?! And is it really possible that huge numbers of these innocent Talmudic believers do not NOTICE the fact that sayanim get free holidays in Israel, meet regularly with katsas from the Israeli Embassy, undertake unusual activities on behalf of Jews etc? OR is it suggested that all these innoent Jews only pretend to be Talmudists and don't really believe the secretive, racist, exclusivist ideology they publicly profess. If that is said to be the case, WHY do these "Jews" profess to BE Jews? What do they get out of it if not the obvious advantages their "tribe" nepotistically doles out to those within the pale?. Are not those who take the benefit of criminal activities by others not accomplices before or after the fact? Why not? And PLEASEEE don't try to tell me that these hordes of "moderate and secular Jews" are just sooo clever and talented that they just naturally dominate almost all aspects of US and UK political, academic, banking and corporate life along with the Arts, Hollywood and all aspects of the mainstream media etc! And if you DO want to push that argument please explain WHY all these brilliant Jews are unable to understand that Jews are NOT Semites and that the Holocaust DID NOT HAPPEN! While you are at it, explain why the Kol Nidre (See eg http://abundanthope.net/pages/True_US_History_108/Kol-Nidre---Judaism-s-License-To-Lie.shtml is OK for Jews and doesn't compromise whatever these hordes of innocent, "moderate secular"(whatever that means) Jews say.].
Sooner or later, we will reach the point that the public becomes aware of Israel's systematic use of "Agents, Assets and Sayanim" in the United States, Europe and elsewhere, and the world will begin to "roll up the carpet" and dismantle the Israeli stranglehold on our politicians, foreign affairs, militaries and economies. [Ron: You Betcha!]
Treating our Jewish populations fairly and without ill-will or prejudice will be one of the most difficult and challenging tasks of our leaders at that time. But it must be done, otherwise we will be no better than those who lie, cheat, and commit conspiracy and treason towards us.
Jeff Goodall.
Sayanim: Israeli Operatives in the U.S.
Veterans Today: Jeff Gates, July 19th, 2010
Americans know that something fundamental is amiss. They sense—rightly—that they are being misled no matter which political party does the leading.
A long misinformed public lacks the tools to grasp how they are being deceived. Without those tools, Americans will continue to be frustrated at being played for the fool.
When the "con" is clearly seen, "the mark" (that's us) will see that all roads lead to the same duplicitous source: Israel and its operatives. The secret to Israel's force-multiplier in the U.S. is its use of agents, assets and sayanim (Hebrew for volunteers).
When Israeli-American Jonathan Pollard was arrested for spying in 1986, Tel Aviv assured us that he was not an Israeli agent but part of a "rogue" operation. That was a lie.
Only 12 years later did Tel Aviv concede that he was an Israeli spy the entire time he was stealing U.S. military secrets. That espionage—by a purported ally—damaged our national security more than any operation in U.S. history.
In short, Israel played us for the fool.
From 1981-1985, this U.S. Navy intelligence analyst provided Israel with 360 cubic feet of classified military documents on Soviet arms shipments, Pakistani nuclear weapons, Libyan air defense systems and other intelligence sought by Tel Aviv to advance its geopolitical agenda.
Agents differ from assets and sayanim. Agents possess the requisite mental state to be convicted of treason, a capital crime. Under U.S. law, that internal state is what distinguishes premeditated murder from a lesser crime such as involuntary manslaughter. Though there's a death in either case, the legal liabilities are different—for a reason.
Intent is the factor that determines personal culpability. That distinction traces its roots to a widely shared belief in free will as a key component that distinguishes humans from animals.
Agents operate with premeditation and "extreme malice" or what the law describes as an "evil mind." Though that describes the mental state of Jonathan Pollard, Israeli leaders assured us otherwise—another example of an evil mind as the U.S. was played for the fool.
Played for the Fool, Again
Pollard took from his office more than one million documents for copying by his Israeli handler. When those classified materials were transferred to the Soviets, reportedly in exchange for the emigration of Russian Jews, this spy operation shifted the entire dynamics of the Cold War.
To put a price tag on this espionage, imagine $20 trillion in U.S. Cold War defense outlays from 1948-1989 (in 2010 dollars). The bulk of that investment in national security was negated by a spy working for a nation that pretended throughout to be a U.S. ally.
Pollard was sentenced to life in prison. Israel suffered no consequences. None. Zero. Nada. Not then. Not now. Then as now, we were played for the fool.
At trial, Pollard claimed he wasn't stealing from the U.S.; he was stealing secrets for Israel—with whom the U.S. has long had a "special relationship." He thought we should have shared our military secrets with them. That's chutzpah. That also confirms we were played for the fool.
Looking back, it's easy to see how seamlessly we segued from a global Cold War to a global War on Terrorism. In retrospect, the false intelligence used to induce our invasion of Iraq was traceable to Israelis, pro-Israelis or Israeli assets such as John McCain (see below).
Even while in prison, Pollard's iconic status among Israelis played a strategic role. Was it just coincidence that Tel Aviv announced a $1 million grant to their master spy less than two weeks before 911? Is that how Israel signaled its operatives in the U.S.?
Did that grant have any relationship to the "dancing Israelis" who were found filming and celebrating that mass murder as both jets smashed into the World Trade Center?
Absent that provocation, would we now find ourselves at war in the Middle East? Surely no one still believes that America's interests are being advanced in a quagmire that has now become the longest war in U.S. history.
"I know what America is," Benjamin Netanyahu told a group of Israelis in 2001, apparently not knowing his words were being recorded. "America is a thing you can move very easily, move it in the right direction."
Let's face it: the U.S. was again played for the fool.
With oversight by Israeli case officers (katsas), Israeli operations proceed in the U.S. by using agents, assets and volunteers (sayanim). Let's take a closer look at each.
The Sayanim System
Sayanim (singular sayan) are shielded from conventional legal culpability by being told only enough to perform their narrow role. Though their help may be essential to the success of an Israeli operation, these volunteers (sayanim also means helpers) could pass a polygraph test because their recruiters ensure they remain ignorant of the overall goals of an operation.
In other words, a sayan can operate as an accomplice but still not be legally liable due to a lack of the requisite intent regarding the broader goals—of which they are purposely kept ignorant. Does that intentional "ignorance" absolve them of liability under U.S. law? So far, yes.
Much like military reservists, sayanim are activated when needed to support an operation. By agreeing to be available to help Israel, they provide an on-call undercover corps and force-multiplier that can be deployed on short notice.
How are sayanim called to action? To date, there's been no attempt by U.S. officials to clarify that key point. This may explain why Pollard was again in the news on July 13th with a high-profile Israeli commemoration of his 9000th day of incarceration.
To show solidarity with this Israeli-American traitor, the lights encircling Jerusalem were darkened while an appeal was projected onto the walls of the Old City urging that President Obama order Pollard's release from federal prison.
Pollard has long been a rallying point for Jewish nationalists, Zionist extremists and ultra-orthodox ideologues. In short, just the sort of people who would be likely recruits as sayanim. The news coverage given this Day of Adoration may help explain how Israel signals its helpers that an operation is underway and in need of their help.
Are pro-Israelis once again playing Americans for the fool?
When not aiding an ongoing operation, sayanim gather and report intelligence useful to Israel. This volunteer corps is deeply imbedded in legislative bodies, particularly in the U.S.
Thus far, this Israeli operation has advanced with legal impunity as the Israel lobby—though acting as a foreign agent—continues even now to pose as a "domestic" operation.
Morris Amitay, former executive director of the American Israel Public Affairs Committee, explains how this invisible cadre aids the Israel lobby in advancing its geopolitical agenda:
"There are a lot of guys at the working level up here [on Capitol Hill]…who happen to be Jewish, who are willing…to look at certain issues in terms of their Jewishness…These are all guys who are in a position to make the decision in these areas for those senators…You can get an awful lot done just at the staff level."
What sayanim are not told by their katsas is that an Israeli operation may endanger not only Israel but also the broader Jewish community when these operations are linked to extremism, terrorism, organized crime, espionage and treason. Though sayanim "must be 100 percent Jewish," Ostrovsky reports in By Way of Deception (1990):
"…the Mossad does not seem to care how devastating it could be to the status of the Jewish people in the Diaspora if it was known. The answer you get if you ask is: "So what's the worst that could happen to those Jews? They'd all come to Israel. Great!" [Mossad is the intelligence and foreign operations directorate for Israel.]
Assets, Agents and Sayanim
Assets are people profiled in sufficient depth that they can be relied upon to perform consistent with their profile. Such people typically lack the state of mind required for criminal culpability because they lack the requisite intent to commit a crime. [Ron: Really?! Contrast this semantic bullshit with the way that non-Jews and especially Muslims are being treated in the US legal system.].
Nevertheless, assets are critical to the success of Israeli operations in the U.S. They help simply by pursuing their profiled personal needs—typically for recognition, influence, money, sex, drugs or the greatest drug of all: ideology.
Thus the mission-critical task fulfilled by political assets that the Israel lobby "produces" for long-term service in the Congress—while appearing to represent their U.S. constituents.
Put a profiled asset in a pre-staged time, place and circumstance—over which the Israel lobby can exert considerable influence—and Israeli psy-ops specialists can be confident that, within an acceptable range of probabilities, an asset will act consistent with his or her profile.
Democrat or Republican is irrelevant; the strategic point remains the same: to ensure that lawmakers perform consistent with Israel's interests. With the help of McCain-Feingold campaign finance "reform," the Israel lobby attained virtual control over the U.S. Congress.
The performance of assets in the political sphere can be anticipated with sufficient confidence that outcomes become foreseeable—within an acceptable range of probabilities. How difficult was it to predict the outcome when Bill Clinton, a classic asset, encountered White House intern Monica Lewinsky?
Senator John McCain has long been a predictable asset. His political career traces its origins to organized crime from the 1920s. It was organized crime that first drew him to Arizona to run for Congress four years before the 1986 retirement of Senator Barry Goldwater.
By marketing his "brand" as a Vietnam-era prisoner of war, he became a reliable spokesman for Tel Aviv while being portrayed as a "war hero." No media outlet dares mention that Colonel Ted Guy, McCain's commanding officer while a POW, sought his indictment for treason for his many broadcasts for the North Vietnamese that assured the death of many U.S. airmen.
As a typical asset, it came as no surprise to see McCain and Connecticut Senator Joe Lieberman, a self-professed Zionist, used to market the phony intelligence that took us to war in Iraq. McCain's ongoing alliance with transnational organized crime spans three decades.
His 1980's advocacy for S&L crook Charles Keating of "The Keating 5" finds a counterpart in his recent meetings with Russian-Israeli mobster Oleg Deripaska who at age 40 held $40 billion in wealth defrauded from his fellow Russians.
McCain conceded earlier this month in a town hall meeting in Tempe, Arizona that he met in a small diner in Switzerland with mega-thief Deripaska and Lord Rothschild V.
For assets such as McCain to be indicted for treason, the American public must grasp the critical role that such pliable personalities play in political manipulations. McCain is a "poster boy" for how assets are deployed to shape decisions such as those that took our military to war. In the Information Age, if that's not treason, what is?
The predictability of a politician's conduct confirms his or her qualifications as an asset. They are routinely developed and "produced" over lengthy periods of time and then—as with John McCain—maintained in key positions to influence decision-making as key junctures.
Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon was candid in his assessment four weeks after 911. He may have been thinking about John McCain when he made this revealing comment:
"I want to tell you something very clear, don't worry about American pressure on Israel, we, the Jewish people control America, and the Americans know it." [October 3, 2001]
Indictments for Treason
Are assets culpable? Do they have the requisite intent to indict them for treason? Does John McCain possess an evil mind? Did he betray this nation of his own free will or is he typical of those assets with personalities so weak and malleable that they can easily be manipulated?
As federal grand juries are impaneled to identify and indict participants in this trans-generational operation, how many sayanim should the Federal Bureau of Investigation expect to uncover in the U.S.? No one knows because this subtle form of treason is not yet well understood.
Victor Ostrovksy, a former Mossad katsa (case officer) wrote in 1990 that the Mossad had 7,000 sayanim in London alone. In London's 1990 population of 6.8 million, Israel's all-volunteer corps represented one-tenth of one percent of the residents of that capital city.
If Washington, DC is ten times more critical to Israel's geopolitical goals (an understatement), does that mean the FBI should expect to find ten times more sayanim per capita in Washington?
What about sayanim in Manhattan, Miami, Beverly Hills, Atlanta, Boston, Charleston, Charlotte, Chicago, Cleveland, Dallas, Denver, Detroit, Houston, Kansas City, Minneapolis, New Orleans, Philadelphia, Phoenix, Portland, Sacramento, San Diego, Seattle, St. Louis, Tampa, Toledo?
No one knows. And Tel Aviv is unlikely to volunteer the information. This we know for certain: America has been played for the fool. And so has our military.
This duplicity dates back well before British Foreign Secretary Alfred Balfour wrote to an earlier Lord Rothschild in 1917 citing UK approval for a "Jewish homeland." In practical effect, that "homeland" now ensures non-extradition for senior operatives in transnational organized crime.
To date, America has blinded itself even to the possibility of such a trans-generational operation inside our borders and imbedded inside our government. Instead the toxic charge of "anti-Semitism" is routinely hurled at those chronicling the "how" component of this systemic treason.
Making this treason transparent is essential to restore U.S. national security. That transparency may initially appear unfair to the many moderate and secular Jews who join others appalled at this systemic corruption of the U.S. political system. [Ron: WHY? IF a similar number of Amerikkans held, say, dual Iranian nationality, and publicly professed and practiced a virulently subversive, anti-Amerikkan Muslim ideology, would this author say this about them?].
Yet they are also concerned that somehow they may be portrayed as guilty by association due to a shared faith tradition. That would be not only unjust to them but also ineffective in identifying and indicting those complicit.
This much is certain: a Democrat as president offers no real alternative to a Republican on those issues affecting U.S. policy in the Middle East.
Today's corruption predates the duplicity in 1948 that induced Harry Truman to extend recognition to this extremist enclave as a legitimate nation state. Our troubles date from then.
That fateful decision must be revisited in light of what can now be proven about the "how" of this ongoing duplicity—unless Americans want to continue to be played for the fool.
See original here.
Find Viktor Ostrovsky's books "By Way of Deception" and "The Other Side of Deception" at Amazon here.
For some unfathomable reason, the Wikipedia entry for "Sayanim" has been deleted, see here.
See my Mossad / Zaka / Sayanim category here.
http://www.jeff-goodall.com/?p=5443
[Colour fonts, bolding and comments in square brackets added.].
Dr. Mike Yeadon, Reiner Fuellmich And Wolfgang Wodarg - The Evidence For Premeditated Murder
Ask: why weren't THEY afraid? What did THEY know?
Australia considers second COVID-19 booster shot amid national Omicron wave | 7NEWS
Jason Shurka Discusses Latest Updates with Nicholas Veniamin
Vaccine Mandate for Cross Border Trucking Now in Effect, Mandate for Domestic Trucking Begins in a Week, Prepare Your Affairs Accordingly
"Waste Of Time" To Keep Vaccinating People: Ex-Head Of UK Vaccine Taskforce
"An Icon of Free Choice" Deleted Court Docs Reveal the Real Reason Djokovic's Visa Was Cancelled
Why Is The US Stirring Up Tibet as an 'Issue'?
Kremlin Identifies 'red line' in NATO-Russia Relations
UK Department Of Health Admits Double Vaxxed Experience Decreased Immune System Functiion
Neil Oliver Outlines the Fractured Trust of The People with Government
Seniors To Be Fined For Violating Vaccine Mandate
The COVID-19 RT-PCR Test: How to Mislead All Humanity. Using a "Test" To Lock Down Society
Viral Video Shows Stunning Amount of Package Theft From Trains While DA Is Missing in Action
Politicizing COVID-19 From The Start
Maine Doctor Loses License, Ordered to Undergo Psych Evaluation for Treating Covid Patients with Ivermectin, 'Spreading Covid Misinformation'


text:
Like crazy (DVD)
Drake Doremus (director), Dustin O'Halloran (composer), Anton Yelchin (actor)
Speelfilms, Romantische films
Extra subject
Romantische film (filmgenre)
Dustin O'Halloran 1971-
Anton Yelchin Felicity Jones Jennifer Lawrence
Paramount, 2012
ca. 86 min.
Taalkeuze: Engels, audiodescriptie in het Engels Ondertiteling: Nederlands, Engels, Deens, Noors, Fins, Zweeds, Engels voor slechthorenden
About Drake Doremus
CC BY 2.0 - Image by Bex Walton
Drake Doremus (born March 29, 1983) is an American film director, screenwriter and producer best known for directing the films Like Crazy (2011) which won the Grand Jury Prize at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival, Douchebag (2010) which was in Dramatic competition at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival, and Equals (2015).
Doremus studied directing at the AFI Conservatory, being the youngest fellow ever accepted into the film school. Doremus' mother, Cherie Kerr, was a founding member of the legendary L.A. The Groundlings. Doremus grew up on Kerr's stage, performing with the Orange County Crazies, starting at the age of six as an improv comedy player. He went on to produce and direct for that organization, including his own original works.
His 2011 film Like Crazy has been described as loosely inspired by his real life experiences. It stars Anton Yelchin, Felicity Jones, and Jennifer Lawrence. Most…Read more on Wikipedia
Work of Drake Doremus in the library
Garth Davis
Voor ik doodga
Cory Finley
Only lovers left alive
Dying of the light
Victor Levin
Rogue One : a Star Wars story
Juan Antonio Bayona
Donald Rice


Our Huski brand is widely known for its high quality workwear and safety wear.
They are renowned for supplying durable and competitively priced garments.
Their extensive collection ranges from hi-visibility polo shirts to technical Arc rated jackets: all designed specifically to meet your safety requirements.