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Q: Pass a variable from Modelbuilder into a Python script I'm new to modelbuilder and python.
I have used modelbuilder to iterate through all rows in a shapefile (Points), process them, and produce a seperate output shapefile for each row.  The filename is generated using an inline variable (I think that is the correct terminology).  i.e. all output files have identical filenames except that the value of the PointID from the original input file is appended to the filename to enable them to be distinguished.  This works fine.
I've also written a python script to take the above output files from the model one at a time and do additional processing.  At present the input filename is hard coded into the script (i.e. I have to edit the script to change the input filename each time I run it).  Again this works fine while just processing a single file. However, I want to integrate the model and the python script so that I can run the script for each row in the original feature class automatically.
My question is therefore, how do I replace the hard coded name of the input file with a variable in the python script and how do I pass the filename to the script.

A: In the script make point feature class variable provided as parameter:
inputPointFC = arcpy.GetParameterAsText(0)
Then create a script tool with one input parameter which uses your single point feature class as Default property. This feature class name should be provided with inline variable: PointFC_%Value%, where Value is name of iterator output.
Here's a picture example:

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Dr. Roberts performs a wide variety of facial plastic surgery procedures, including the "Scarless" Vertical Face Lift (see face lift page for more information), Endoscopic brow lift, Blepharoplasty eye contouring, Rhinoplasty nose contouring, Otoplasty ear contouring, as well as chin, cheek and Surgisil® lip implants. Having performed over a thousand facial plastic surgery procedures, he has refined his techniques to provide more optimal, individualized results.
Dr. Roberts also personally performs all injectable procedures, including BOTOX® and Dysport® wrinkle reduction; Radiesse® & Juvederm® Ultra Plus filler procedures, and Liquid Face Lift non-surgical face contouring.
Additionally, Dr. Roberts provides laser liposuction procedures with the advanced SlimLipo® dual-wavelength laser liposuction system. He was one of the first U.S. physicians to perform Smartlipo® procedures and has performed hundreds of laser lipo procedures.
With the exception of D.O.T. facial resurfacing and Thermage® CPT skin tightening, Dr. Roberts performs all procedures personally. Clientele include national recording stars, regional, national and international patients.
Dr. Roberts is available to volunteer his expertise to the "Face to Face" program sponsored by The Educational and Research Foundation for the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. He is available to offer consultations and cosmetic surgery to eligible survivors of domestic violence who have received facial injuries and are not financially able to have these injuries adequately repaired.
Dr. Roberts' hobbies include gourmet cooking, golfing and salt-water fishing. He enjoys getting to know his patients and sharing stories about growing habanera peppers, making praline cheesecake, and witnessing a glorious sunrise while wade fishing for redfish in the Gulf of Mexico. Dr. Roberts has lived most of his life in Dallas and Austin, Texas.


text:
Home / Tapes / Bad Brains
Bad Brains • Tape
One of the most iconic punk records of all time, back in its original format!
After being banned from all the major clubs in their hometown of Washington DC, Bad Brains moved to New York City in 1981. In addition to their regular gigs at CBGB's, the band frequented Jerry Williams' 171-A Studios in Alphabet City. This was a 60-foot room with a stage at one end and an elevated soundproof booth at the other. When the Bad Brains played a gig at 171-A in May 1981, Williams recorded it on reel-to-reel tape. The band liked the sound and returned to 171-A to record between August and October 1981. 12 of the 15 tracks on the album came from these sessions, while "Jah Calling", "Pay To Cum" and "I Luv I Jah" were from Williams' live recording in May.
It was originally released in 1982 in cassette-only format on ROIR, and was released on other formats for the first time in 1989.
This is the Tapehead City version as a black cassette shell with yellow leader tape. Comes in a case with a yellow back and a black cardboard slipcase, limited to 1000 copies. Brand new, sealed!
Bad Brains aantal
CategoryTapes TagsBad Brains, Collector's Item, Hardcore, HR, NYHC, Org Music, Punk, Reggae, Reissue, ROIR, Tapehead City
Rock, Punk, Reggae
The Slow Rush
€29 Tame Impala • Tape
Bughouse
€19 Benjamin Herman • Tape
Shapeshifter / Dead Already
€12 Cave In • Tape

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France Bans Certain Domestic Flights Where There's a Train Route Available— Here's What You Need to Know
Alison Fox
December 5, 2022, 11:50 AM ·2 min read
On select routes where this an existing train option, the flight will no longer be available.
Nicolas Liponne/Getty Images
Select domestic flights throughout France will now be banned if there is an existing train alternative, paving the way to cut down on carbon emissions in a decision that was approved by the European Commission last week.
The ban will apply to routes when there is a train available that will take less than 2 and a half hours, according to French Transport Minister Clément Beaune. To qualify, there would need to be several direct, high-speed rail connections available each day, according to the European Commission.
"France is a pioneer with this measure resulting from the Citizens' Climate Convention," Beaune tweeted on Friday.
Currently, three routes will be affected between Paris Orly Airport and Bordeaux, Nantes, and Lyon. All carriers will now be "prohibited" from flying between those destinations.
Going forward, the Commission said other air routes — like between Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport and Rennes and Lyon as well as between Lyon and Marseille — could also be banned if rail services improve since currently "they do not make it possible to get to [the airport]... early enough in the morning or to depart from there late enough in the evening."
Godong/Getty Images
"Future improvements in the rail services, with services operating at sufficient frequencies and suitable timings, in particular for the purposes of connecting flights, will enable these air routes to be banned," the Commission wrote in its ruling.
The air travel ban will be in effect for three years and reviewed after two.
Train travel in Europe is one of the best ways to get around with high-speed connections available between many major cities and countries. In France, the first passenger line started running in the 1800s with the SNCF now running both high-speed and conventional long-distance trains across the country, including 11 high-speed lines that cover more than 1,600 miles.
High-speed lines are available between major cities like Paris, Lyon, Marseille, and Lille.
The SNCF, along with its German counterpart, is also developing a new high-speed, direct connection between Paris and Berlin that would link the two major cities in 7 hours.
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Read the original article on Travel & Leisure.
Bears likely try to trade No. 1 pick, keep Justin Fields, per Albert Breer
Another big NFL reporter believes the Bears will move forward with Justin Fields and try to move down in the 2023 NFL draft by trading the No. 1 pick.


From the junction at Moberly (MP 69.7), where an erstwhile former Wabash branch once trailed in from the north, an erstwhile M-K-T line once headed south, the line reverts to single track, maximum speed 10 mph, there is a yard, and the line to St. Louis separates, on the south side, heading south, from the line to Springfield and Decatur, the latter heads curvily just north of due east, single track, Automatic Block Signals, maximum speed 35 mph, past East Moberly (MP 68.5), where Traffic Control (CTC) starts and the maximum speed rises to 50 mph, a spur at Evansville (MP 63.1), a spur at Madison (MP 57.7), a detector at MP 56.5, and the 12,720 ft. siding at Holliday (MP 51.7), turning curvily east, east-northeast past a detector at MP 43.9 and a spur at Paris (MP 43.9), north-northeast, east past a spur at Goss (MP 39.5), curvily northeast past the north shore of a reservoir and Stoutsville, and just east of due north past the 7,720 ft. siding at Clapper (MP 30.6) and a detector at MP 26.7.
The line turns just north of due east, past a spur at Monroe City (MP 22.3), Hassard, and the 12,720 ft. siding at Huntington (MP 15.2), north-northeast to Rensselaer (MP 12.2), anbd then curvily east, past a detector at MP 9.0, southeast past Oakwood (MP 4.2), where an erstwhile CB&Q line once came alongside to the north and the line becomes Remote Control (CTC) for the passage across the bridge, east-northeast past the yard at Outer Depot (MP 2.1), where there is a 20 mph speed restriction and the erstwhile St. Louis & Hannibal once ran alongside to the south, turning north-northwest, across that erstwhile CB&Q line to Hannibal (MP 0.0/515.0), where the speed restriction drops to 10 mph and the former CB&Q St. Louis to Burlington line comes alongside to the east, on the west bank of the Mississippi River with the twon of Hannibal to the west.
A turn northwest and then a sharp turn northeast through Hannibal Tunnel brings the line to the flat crossing with that BNSF (former CB&Q) line up the west bank of the river and the multi-span through-truss movable bridge over the Mississippi River, from Missouri to Illinois, at Bridge (MP 514.4), to the 12,720 ft. siding at East Hannibal (MP 514.1), where Traffic Control (CTC) resumes, there was once a wye on the northeast side with an erstwhile joint CB&Q/Wabash line heading for Quincy, and the line turns southeast, curving gradually to the east, past Shepherds, Aladdin, Spencers, a detector at MP 506.3, where the maximum speed has risen to 60 mph, Hull (MP 505.9), where an erstwhile CB&Q line once crossed on the flat, a spur at Kinderhook (MP 502.9), where the maximum speed has fallen to 50 mph, a detector at MP 499.0, and Magnet, by which point the line is heading just north of due east.
There is a sharp turn south, past Barry (MP 498.9), a turn east-southeast, just north of due east past the 12,663 ft. siding at Hadley (MP 491.2), northeast to Arden, east past Bayliss (MP 488.9), east-southeast past a detector at MP 485.2 and New Salem, east past Maysville, where a branch from Pittsfield once trailed in from the south, and the 7,360 ft. siding at Griggsville (MP 478.7), turning south, southeast, and northeast on the descent into the Illinois River valley, east at a spur at Valley City (MP 473.8), where there is a drawbridge over the Illinois River with a 30 mph speed restriction on the bridge, just east of due north, along the east riverbank, past Pineland and a spur at Naples (MP 469.5), where the maximum speed is back to 50 mph, and then east, past a detector at MP 467.5, to the yard at Bluffs (MP 465.4), where there is a 40 mph speed restriction and a junction with the Meredosia Branch (formerly a Wabash line from Keokuk), trailing in on the north side as the line heads curvily east.


With help from the Skip Barber Racing School, I learned more about vehicle dynamics behind the wheel of the Fiat 500 Abarth and 124 Spider Abarth.
This entry was posted in Car News and tagged TeamSpeed.com on April 22, 2019 by Derek Shiekhi.
Filmed in Morocco, M.I.A.'s vision brings Saudi drifting culture to life with BMWs, Alfas, and Benzes burning the desert sand.
This entry was posted in Car News and tagged AudiWorld.com on April 22, 2019 by Tommy Mabson III.
The post Vonnen 911 Hybrid Prototype Gets Put Through the Paces appeared first on Rennlist.
This entry was posted in Car News and tagged RennList.com on April 22, 2019 by Brett Foote.
Ask the Editors: Instant Belt Slippage?
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Once a Greek is a 1955 novel by the Swiss writer Friedrich Dürrenmatt. Its original German title is Grieche sucht Griechin, which means "Greek man seeks Greek woman". It tells the story of a shy, middle-aged book-keeping assistant, who becomes popular and successful overnight when he decides to get married.

Reception
Kurt Vonnegut reviewed the book for The New York Times in 1965. Vonnegut compared Dürrenmatt's stories to Swiss clockworks, and wrote that the author "is a fascinating, endearing maker of clocks. He chooses to write this way, invented this way of writing. The puzzle is: He seems to be attacking something brilliantly, but what is it?" Vonnegut wrote: "His jokes are Jungian jokes, it seems to me--private, Kraut, mythological. And, while he seems to protest against the absurdities of modern times, he doesn't care enough about them to learn much about them. What we have here is an elegant exploration of a Jungian dream."

Film adaptation
In 1966 it was turned into a West German film Once a Greek directed by Rolf Thiele and starring the comedian   Heinz Rühmann.

See also
 1955 in literature
 Swiss literature

References

1955 novels
German-language novels
Swiss novels
Novels by Friedrich Dürrenmatt

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Just as pictured. Love the boho vibe this adds to my sofa. It's a bit larger than I thought it would be but it looks way more high end than the price.
The Patan Pillow epitomizes global-inspired design with its shag-rug fringe detailing and earthy hues. Designed in Los Angeles and hand-crafted by skilled artisans in India, this pillow depicts the eclectic flair of Asian and African cultures. Give into the inviting appeal of the pillow's plush down-filled comfort and transitional vibes.
Dimensions 5.0 In. X 22.0 In. X 22.0 In.
I am an overstock associate and was given this product to test and write an honest review. I love this throw pillow. It is great and it can stand up to a 9 year old and at the same time look fantastic on my leather furniture. Beautiful pillow.
Love this pillow. Very nice quality. The cover comes wrapped separately from insert. The cover is heavy and well made. I would definitely buy from this line again. Would recommend to a friend.
Beautiful, well made, and stylish pillow!
The pillows initially have a chemical smell which goes away within about a week. The pillow design is a great neutral and really lovely but the down pillow insert is not fluffy and should be better quality for the price of the pillows.
This pillow is so unique. It seems to be really nice quality and hopefully it will last a long time. The color is almost canvas but it is fairly soft. Make sure you read the dimensions as this pillow is quite oversized.
Beautiful pillow that coordinates well with two Safejiah pillows. My brown coach now looks extraordinarily beautiful. Love the look. Highly recommend.


text:
Austrocordulia leonardi is a species of dragonfly in the family Austrocorduliidae,
commonly known as the Sydney hawk.
It is a medium-sized black and yellow dragonfly, endemic to the Sydney Basin, New South Wales, Australia,
where its natural habitat is rivers and dams.

Austrocordulia leonardi is threatened by habitat loss.

Gallery

Note
There is uncertainty about which family Austrocordulia leonardi best belongs to: Austrocorduliidae, Synthemistidae, or Corduliidae.

See also
 List of Odonata species of Australia

References

Austrocorduliidae
Corduliidae
Synthemistidae
Critically endangered fauna of Australia
Critically endangered insects
Odonata of Australia
Endemic fauna of Australia
Taxa named by Günther Theischinger
Insects described in 1973
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot


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Conroe ISD trustees may consider new bond after $807 million proposal failed at polls Saturday
Local // Houston
Jane Stueckemann, Staff writer
A woman uses elections parking to pull up in front of Lee G. Alworth Building as municipal voting continues, Tuesday, April 23, 2019, in Conroe. Election Day is May 4. Only 15,230 votes were cast in total for the Conroe ISD bond proposition, and nearly 54.5% of those votes were against the bond.
Jason Fochtman, Houston Chronicle / Staff photographerShow MoreShow Less
A sign in support and against the Conroe ISD's school bond are seen in front of the Lee G. Alworth Building as municipal voting continues, Tuesday, April 23, 2019, in Conroe. Only 15,230 votes were cast in total for the Conroe ISD bond proposition, and nearly 54.5% of those votes were against the bond.
Conroe ISD Board President Datren Williams said he was surprised and disappointed at both the outcome and the low voter turnout in the Conroe ISD bond election. Here, Williams speaks during the Conroe Independent School District Board of Trustees meeting on Tuesday, March 20, 2018, at the CISD Administration Building.
Michael Minasi, Staff Photographer / Houston ChronicleShow MoreShow Less
The rejection of bond propositions in two fast-growing school districts north of Houston may reflect increased voter skepticism and the influence of anti-tax groups, but most districts across the state continue to enjoy public support for funding of new schools and facilities, analysts said.
Almost 55 percent of Conroe ISD voters on Saturday opposed an $807 million bond proposal intended to build new schools, manage growth and upgrade security — the first bond rejection in the district's history. In Cleveland ISD, where an influx of 1,000 new students this year led to more than $3 million in portable building costs, 53 percent of voters rejected a $250 million bond package.
Leaders of both school districts said they would reassess their needs and go back to voters with new bond proposals to pay for essential facilities and upgrades. Conroe ISD might hold another bond election as soon as November, board president Datren Williams said.
"We have certain needs, and the district is growing," he said. "We can't stop that. Those needs are there, and we have to prioritize and make tough decisions."
Superintendent Chris Trotter said officials in Cleveland ISD, the state's second fastest-growing school district, will be "strategic" as they explore another bond package. The proposal defeated Saturday was to renovate an elementary school and add a fifth elementary and a second junior high.
"We're not just going to rush into something," Trotter said.
Tracy Ginsburg, executive director of the Texas Association of School Business Officials, said the Conroe and Cleveland outcomes were not typical. While taxpayers are more skeptical today about how their money is being used, many understand that officials have to focus on public education and facilities needs, Ginsburg said.
"About 71 percent of the bond election referendums passed (statewide in this election). That's pretty consistent with past experience," Ginsburg said.
Joe Smith, a retired Hudson ISD superintendent and creator of TexasISD.com, a website that aggregates news on school districts across the state, said he was surprised at the failure of the Conroe bond proposal. He learned that taxpayers had questioned the motivation for the bond funds, which in his experience is difficult to overcome.
"Conroe ISD is a model district. But they just could not and never did get control of the conversation," Smith said. "The people who were against raising taxes controlled the conversation."
Bill O'Sullivan, the treasurer of the Texas Patriots PAC based in Montgomery County, said this was the first time the group urged voters to vote against a Conroe school bond. He argued that many items included in the bond program, such as replacing heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems or roofs, should have been funded through maintenance and operations budgets rather than bond debt.
Conroe ISD Superintendent Curtis Null said the district would like to increase its annual maintenance budget, now about $50 million, but doing so is a challenge because of the district's low tax rate.
Ginsburg said maintenance items such as roofs, heating and air conditioning equipment are routinely included in bond issues.
Cindy Gaskill, another member of the Texas Patriots PAC, said opponents also believed the bond proposal was put forward too hurriedly.
"I believe the bond was rushed to the ballot with the expectation that few people would know to vote in a May election, resulting in an easy approval of the referendum. Voters we spoke to while block-walking were largely unaware there was an election," Gaskill said.
In the short term, Null said, the Conroe school board will consider cost-saving measures such as reviewing staffing formulas or rezoning students.
"Next year, we'll have over 64,000 students show up to school on the first day, and we will be there to meet those needs. The board will need to evaluate the implications of meeting those needs," Null said.
Cleveland ISD will have to find creative solutions for overcrowding, Trotter said.
"We're going to provide a good education for every kid, every day," he said. "As far as teachers, we do have some more portables coming. Our teachers are going to take care of kids. We have programs and curriculum and we'll start as a new day next week."
Reporter Marcus Gutierrez contributed to this story.
jane.stueckemann@chron.com
Police cruiser fatally strikes pedestrian using wheelchair
Jane Stueckemann


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Wil Cooksey Bio
by Cara Barrett on April 6, 2011
Born in Fort Worth, Texas, Wil Cooksey received a Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering from Tennessee State University in 1965. He later earned a Master's degree in industrial engineering from the University of Toledo in 1972 and completed postgraduate doctorate work in mechanical engineering at Michigan State University.
A Distinguished Graduate of the Officer's Training School, Cooksey served as an executive officer in the U.S. Army Artillery, 1st Lieutenant. His last assignment was a year in Vietnam, where he was awarded the Bronze Star for his efforts.
Cooksey's General Motors career is the epitome of achievement, beginning with his first job as an assistant professor in industrial engineering at General Motors Institute in Flint, Michigan. In 1976, he transferred to the St. Louis plant where he held several positions before being transferred to the Doraville plant in Atlanta, Georgia. After working at various superintendent positions at Doraville, he was named production manager at the Fairfax plant, the position he held until his current assignment as the plant manager of Bowling Green assembly plant.
Under Cooksey's direction, the Corvette has received numerous awards including "America's Best Automobile of the Year" by Automobile Magazine, "Best Premium Sports Car" by J.D. Power, and "Best Sports Car" by Money Magazine. In May of 2002, the Bowling Green Assembly Plant was awarded two prestigious awards. J.D. Power & Associates named Corvette as "Best in Segment" for the second year in a row and recognized the assembly center as North America's Silver Plant.
Cooksey takes an active role in the community. He currently serves on the boards of the National Corvette Museum, Greenview Hospital, Tennessee State University's Foundation Board of Trustees, Western Kentucky University School of Business Advisory Board, Western Kentucky University College of Education and Behavioral Science, Drug Abuse Resistance Education Advisory Council, and Advancing Minorities' Interest in Engineering Executive Advisory Board. Cooksey serves as the General Motors Key Executive for Tennessee State University and the Key Organization Liaison for Career Communications.
In 1997, Cooksey received the "Black Engineer of the Year President's Award." In the same year, Austin Peay University named him "Achiever of the Year" in their Focus Program. Cooksey received a Presidential Citation from the National Association for Equal Opportunity in Higher Education in recognition of exemplary experience that honors Tennessee State University. He has been honored as an Outstanding Graduate of Tennessee State and named a "Black Achiever in Industry" by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Cooksey was presented a certificate from General Motors in recognition of his dedicated service to volunteer activities. Cooksey has been featured in numerous publications including Dollars & Sense Magazine, Contempora, African Americans on Wheels, Vette, Corvette Quarterly, and Corvette Fever magazines. General Motors selected Cooksey as a representative for ads in Ebony and Essence highlighting GM's support in the area of diversity.
Cooksey retired in March, 2008 and was Chairman of the Board for the Corvette National Museum in 2009.
In his free time, Cooksey likes excitement. His hobbies include drag racing and flying airplanes. He resides in Bowling Green with his wife, Elizabeth, a professor at Western Kentucky University. They have two children, David and Crissy and four grandchildren, David Jr , Kevin, Catrina, and Kiki.
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text:
128: Don't Tap the Glass
In this episode of Warp Five, hosts Floyd Dorsey and Brandon-Shea Mutala are joined by Patrick Devlin and Michael Wong for the fifth part in our season three retrospective. We discuss the episodes "Hatchery," "Azati Prime," "Damage," and "The Forgotten." We also discuss asexual beings, red giant stars, smelting metal under water, and Archer's decision to steal parts from a passing ship.
Welcome, Michael Wong! (00:15:05)
Hatchery (00:21:18)
Azati Prime (00:39:32)
Damage (01:07:14)
The Forgotten (01:36:24)
Michael Wong and Patrick Devlin
Brandon-Shea Mutala (Editor and Producer) C Bryan Jones (Executive Producer) Matthew Rushing (Executive Producer) Ken Tripp (Executive Producer) Norman C. Lao (Associate Producer) Floyd Dorsey (Associate Producer) Mike Morrison (Associate Producer) Tim Cooper (Associate Producer) Justin Oser (Associate Producer) Mark Flessa (Associate Producer) Joe Saltzman (Associate Producer) Richard Marquez (Production Manager) Tony Robinson (Show Art) Brandon-Shea Mutala (Patreon Manager)


text:
Beginnings & Development
Terry Fagan
Living on the Liffey
Redrawing Dublin
Declining Dublin
A City In Conflict
Independent Ireland
In the 21st century
Burying the Dead
Cattle in the City
Industrial Schools
Infection & Disease
The Lockout
The Magdalene Laundry
Irish Civil War
Tenement Life
Wives & Mothers
The Emergency
VOICES FROM THE NORTH INNER CITY
The history of the industrial school system dates back to the mid-nineteenth century when the Reformatory Schools (Youth Offenders) Act certified a number of voluntary (mostly religious run) institutions as suitable for 12 to 16 year-olds who were committed through the courts. The industrial school system (also mostly religious run), began ten years later. Their remit was to provide skills and training and to reform the child's character.
Industrial Schools, Letterfrack, Co. Galway. Courtesy of the National Library of Ireland.
The thinking was that the child's home was a bad influence and so, contact with or visits from parents was actively discouraged. Long sentences were imposed for minor offences – or none at all.
71 industrial schools in Ireland at the end of the nineteenth century held 7,998 children.
In recent years, Irish society has been rocked by revelations about the widespread sexual and physical abuse that was perpetuated in church-run industrial schools – once exalted institutions of church and state.
Taoiseach Bertie Ahern issued an apology to the victims of abuse in 1999.
A Commission to Inquire into Child Abuse which reported its findings in May 2009, found that sexual abuse of boys in the Artane Industrial School in North Dublin (and Letterfrack, Co Galway) was a chronic problem. It strongly criticised the Department of Education for its handling of complaints about residential institutions.
On publication of the report, Primate of All Ireland, Cardinal Sean Brady issued an apology on behalf of the Catholic Church.
"There is a better way to provide for such children than by sending them to the poorhouse or by 'farming' them out, and that is by having them committed to Industrial schools."
- Irish Ecclesiastical Record in 1884.
"I went to Rutland Street School. I hated school. I used to mitch any chance I got. The school inspector used to chase us every day. It was him that got me put away in 1945.
I was sentenced to two years in an industrial school run by the Christian Brothers in Tralee, Co. Kerry.
I will never forget the day I went down there. They put me to work on the farm, where they worked us like slaves. If you did not work, you were put on bread and water.
Beat the Hell out of Us
I remember one day, 'Tato' Phoenix hit me with a piece of pudding the dining hall. The Christian Brothers took the two of us outside and beat the hell out of us.
Reward for Escaped Inmates
One day, I decided to escape, so when the Brother that was in charge of us on the farm was not looking, I went across the fields. What I did not know was that the Christian Brothers put a bounty on anyone who escaped. All the farmers in the area were told about me escaping. I was on the run all night but the next morning, I was spotted by the farmers, caught and brought back to the Brothers.
The farmers got their bounty of £1.50. I got a whipping, bread and water for a week, and put in football shorts and a jumper – what was called the freezing punishment in the winter. They were hard times then."
'FATSER' WALSH
"Funny enough, I used to love school.
One year I got holidays. I was only 13. I got a messenger's bike, bringing in two and six a week. That was for my mother. That would be 1950.
I decided not to go back to school. The Christian Brothers decided that I was not getting away that lightly so I was brought before the Justice over in Dublin Castle. I was sent along with seven other kids to Artane (Industrial School).
It was very hard. You got up at six o'clock in the morning and you went into this big washroom, cold water, and you had to wash your hair every morning. There was a Brother standing at the door, and as you come out, if he saw a bit of dirt in your ear, you got a whack, and you had to go back. So I learned from early time in there, if I wasn't going to give them trouble, they weren't going to give me trouble."
LARRY WHELAN
"We saw young boys being loaded into cars by big men who had a hold of them by the arms.
I recall our teacher telling us 'Those boys are going off to Industrial Schools'.
I lived in fear of the school inspector. He owned a shop in Talbot Street and he was a very frightening man to look at. I never missed school but I used to get afraid when he would come into the classroom to check the roll books to see what children were not coming to school.
He would go after them and get them sent away. Everyone in the class was afraid of him and we used to get the shivers over us looking at him. I remember he called to our house one morning looking for my brothers who were not going to school. I got a terrible fright when I seen him standing in the doorway looking in at me. He was wearing a long overcoat and a trilby hat. If he had you on his books you were going to be sent away. That was the fear the children had of him. I recall seeing many young boys being taken away to Industrial Schools.
God love them they didn't know what they were going to face in those places, but we know today what happened to them there.
I often wondered about them, did they ever come home?"
LIZZY BRADLEY NEÉ O'TOOLE - BORN 1921, CORPORATION BUILDINGS
"I was sent to the local school, which was Rutland Street. We used to call it the 'Red Brick Slaughter House' because you were beat stupid in it.
The masters took no messing from anybody. I remember if you did not go to school the school inspector came around to your house to see why you were not in school. And if you did not have a good reason he would summons you to court.
A friend of mine called Proctor, his father was after dying and he was not in school. The school inspector summonsed him to court.
I will never forget it. My best friend. He got sentenced to seven years in Artane Industrial School for missing school."
JOHN UZELL - BORN 1908, CORPORATION BUILDINGS
Children from Rutland Street School
Children, Co. Dublin. © The Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland.
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I agree with Boris on this one, never really saw the point of bendy buses myself and they do hog the road.
How about the fact you do have 3 entry/exit points on the bus ?
All the bendy buses I've been on have been on routes so busy that closser to tram than bus capacities have been needed. They tend to run on wider and straighter roads too. Do not understand why they are bashed so much.
So the question is what will be used for East London Transit and Greenwich Waterfront - assuming these happen.
I see the TfL East London Transit web page shows a picture of a conventional double-decker.
Of course they could always re-assign their existing bendy-buses to these schemes.
The problem with bendy buses is that there are never seats on them. Whether you're catching, say, the #73 bus at 9am on a weekday, 9pm on a weekday, a weekend afternoon or any other time, your odds of getting a seat are slim unless you're going from right near the end of the route. This probably has something to do with it being the fabled "free bus", and attracting people who wouldn't otherwise pay for a ticket.
Bendy buses are excellent: high capacity; quick at busstops; and frequent. The people who complain about them are car-driving Standard readers who wax nostalgic about Routemasters, but never caught one in their joyless lives. Apparently some of them are going to vote Johnson, lord help us.
I take the 29 a few times a week and can't imagine how bad loading times would be with a traditional routemaster type of bus. These buses realy are needed on a lot of lines.I also think they are comfortable.
Nooo! Never the #73. It's the No.73. We are not the 51st state yet!
Would always prefer to stand on a bendy No.25 than be left at the side of the road by a 'full' No.8.
Resricted to straight routes, they're great.
i have alot of respect for livingstone, but i kinda feel that maybe hes just bowing to media pressure rather than making a proper desision on this... i could be wrong but yer, hes probly getting quite scared with boris scooting away in the poles...come to think of it im scared, that 40% of london could vote for that incompitant twit!
What about the cyclists that they squash and the mega jams they cause in Oxford St?
i dont think traffic jams on oxford street can be blamed completely on bendy-busses but yer i was almost forced into a bollard on camberwell green the other week n me bike. However I think there must be other ways of making them more cycle friendly than scrapping a fleet of completely new buses. cyclists and bendy-busses get on just fine in paris and i dont see why they couldn't here. and what's more from the passenger experience there nice to travel on. i think they have alot of unjustified bad press whipped up by boris and the standard! honestly scrapping them would be the biggest waste of money ever and there are so many more important and pressing issues facing london. and he's going to replace them with a bus that hasn't even been prototyped yet! my arse!
I've been using them more lately and am starting to warm to them. I can certainly see the point about DDs not having the capacity.
They are rather badly driven, though.
Anyone can see it is just a cheap election stunt by Boris, I would not vote for him myself, I just prefer double deckers thats all. Yes the bendy buses do have their advantages. London transport on a whole is improving under Ken.
Bendy buses are great. I know this because I use them. I was so annoyed by Boris's posturing on the subject that I emailed his policy people to ask them why Boris is talking such rubbish. To their credit they did respond once.
I cannot believe what utter rubbish Boris is spouting about Bendy Busses. I use them regularly so I know how much better they are than double deckers. I can only conclude the good man has never been on a bendy bus and his policy is an expensive headline grabber (The rest of the transport policy is not much better).
Unfortunately this has lost my vote even though that makes it more likely we will be stuck with 4 more years of evil Ken.
Many thanks for your email. I am sorry that you disapprove of Boris' policy on bendy buses. Just to clarify, Boris opposes bendy buses because they lose twice as much revenue as other buses, and have twice as many collisions with pedestrians and cyclists.
I can see how its easy to avoid paying on a bendy bus, but as they carry a lot more a passengers so you would expect them to lose more money. I suspect the amount the is minuscule comparison to the London bus budget. Its pointless to remove bendy buses and buy more double deckers (at huge initial and running cost) to save pennies on fair evasion! If revenue is such a big issue then why not add more conductors to the bendy bus routes. Boris wants to bring back Routemasters and conductors, but why not just add the conductors to bendys and save the money on a load of unnecessary new buses? Most people have monthly or weekly Oyster Cards so cannot evade the fair anyway.
To replace a single bendy would require two double decks so you would have the same number of accidents. Double deckers are significantly slower to disgorge their passengers so they wait a bus stops a lot (3 or 4 times) longer then a bendy. I think that doubling the number of buses and tripling the waiting time at a stop would result in gridlock on busy routes during rush hour (which is where bendy buses are used). The resulting traffic chaos would result is significantly more accidents involving cyclists at stops and busy junctions.
Don't get me wrong I'm not a bendy bus loving weirdo, and I want Red Ken kicked into touch as much as you do. But its a shame to see Boris come up with such ill conceived and foolish policies. I expected better.
Anyway thanks for taking the time to reply.


In the Airline Manufacturing world, two companies rule the stage: Boeing, based in Seattle, Washington and Airbus, a European brand with plants in Toulouse, France and Hamburg, Germany.
The manufactures are different in many ways, but both (luckily) offer r tours of their manufacturing plants. WorldTravelReport writer Charlie Roskos wrote about his experiences in Seattle at the Boeing plant. Now, I'm here to tell you what it was like visiting Airbus in Hamburg, Germany.
Airbus' plant is located to the Southeast of Downtown Hamburg and is 9.3KM from the center of Hamburg. Options of transportation are available including bus service, ferry-ride, and is reachable by driving. Rather than locate itself at the main airport, Airbus has its own airport called Finkenwerder. Airbus uses its Hamburg plant to produces the A320 family aircraft and final assembly of the A380-the world's largest passenger aircraft.
When you arrive, you be reoriented from the main entrance (employees only) to a lesser building on the left for Avgeeks like yourself. Look for "Globetrotter." They run the tour. Once you enter, check in and wait for your tour time (you must have a passport as identification.) Tours are operated in different languages. The two tour language options are in English and German. Book ahead online to make sure you get on the right tour, so you can understand what you will be looking at. It costs 24 Euros a person.
Our tour guide was a former Airbus employee who was quite knowledgeable. Two thing you should not however before the tour begins, 1: you are allowed to bring your phones /cameras unlike at Boeing where you have to put them in lockers, but you cannot take photos or videos while on the plant property. 2: you cannot touch anything that is Airbus property (aircraft parts, papers, etc.), a security guard will follow the tour the whole time to ensure you don't do either. If you do you will be escorted off the tour and you will not be refunded.
Soon after meeting the group you'll board a large bus and begin the drive onto the property. The first stop you will make it to a conference center for a video about Airbus' history. Next, you will walk through the final assembly of the A320 family aircraft. This is where I find the tour to be slightly superior to Boeing's in Seattle. At Airbus, you actually walk on the factory floor, right next to the fuselages, wings, engine, and more. WOW Air from Iceland is an Airbus only customer and they have ordered some A321 NEO aircraft, one of the wings with the large Sharklets attached was sitting right on the ground next to us, waiting to be attached to the fuselage. Airbus really allows you to get up super close to these large jets. Once you complete your walk through the A320 family hanger you will board the bus once again and drive across the airfield to the A380 final assembly. You never know how large these aircraft are until you have seen how big they are!!.. After that you walk into another hanger that houses one fully built A380 at a time, while it receives its interiors. You will walk up a few flights of stairs and then walk right above the massive 500+ seat aircraft. While on the tour an Emirates A380 was getting its interiors installed.
From there, you will board the bus one last time and drive across the airfield again back to the main starting point, there you will return your headsets and say your final goodbyes to the group and your tour guide. The tour will last over 2 hours in total.
I am a Boeing fan at heart but Airbus puts on a great tour of their facilities, a slightly better one then Boeing I would say, since I have done both. I'd like to one day see how this tour directly compares to their other factory tour in Toulouse, France.
Thank you for a great tour Airbus, I have a little more appreciation for your joystick flying airplanes now!


As a company specialising in high speed part removal from injection moulding machines, we are often asked to justify the price differential between our standard Cartesian (three-axis or 'beam') robots and our side entry models. An installation of our flagship CFR (Compact Flexible Robot) side entry unit costs around double that of a Cartesian solution, so the aim of this blog is to help you decide which is right for your particular project….
As a starting point, we need to consider the definition of a 'fast cycling application'. When costing a new moulding project that is 'high volume, low margin' in nature, a consistent cycle time is everything. The target cycle time has to be met, day in day out, otherwise it is very easy to fall behind production requirements and to run at a loss. Packaging applications are a good example of this.
'Semi-packaging' type production, often being limited by thicker wall sections, may involve target cycle times of around ten seconds or so. A good Toolmaker can work out injection and cooling times for you, but you still need to consider tool opening/closing time and product de-mould (take-out) time.
True high speed packaging applications can require cycle times as low as 5 seconds, this again being the total time including 'mould delay', i.e. the time that the process is delayed due to the activity of the robot.
A Cartesian robot will struggle to get below 1.0 to 1.2 seconds for take-out time, and a bulky wrist also means the tool needs to open much further with a Cartesian robot. This will extend the cycle further, as open/close stroke is dead time.
By comparison, even standard side entry beam robots can achieve a mould delay (take-out) time of down to 0.5 seconds, this falling to as low as 0.3 seconds in the case of the CFR model.
Where slim products with little depth are moulded, side entry units are perfect as virtually no strip stroke is required, and the tool opening can be minimised. With our CFR unit, it is still possible to handle 'deeper' products and achieve very fast de-mould times. By tracking the opening of the tool, the robot is configured so that it follows the moving face of the tool as it opens and collects the product during the move and then exits the mould with a very minimal delay.
All of these combined factors mean that cycle times typically as low as 5 seconds can be easily achieved with a side entry robot, whereas a Cartesian unit will struggle to get below 10 seconds for comparable strokes. It should also be mentioned that the side entry models are designed for continuous high speed use, unlike a standard 'off the shelf' Cartesian model that would be operating at the upper limits of its capabilities when running at these cycle times.
Once you have established that a project requires a true packaging specification mould tool, and that a side entry robot is needed to achieve your target cycle time, what else should you consider?
The machine – if your injection moulding machine has insufficient plasticising capacity, and/or slow opening and closing speeds, this will prevent you from achieving your target cycle time. You will usually also need a high injection speed, possibly through the use of accumulators.
Down-time – in reality, machines and mould tools need some degree of maintenance, so you should allow for this.
Post mould product handling. When such a high volume of product is created good provision needs to be allowed for post moulding operations, such as bagging, carton packing, collating etc. Along with this a buffer consideration should be made to allow the system to continue to mould if the downstream operator functions is interrupted for breaks etc.
High volume part production requires high stock levels of raw material and the right balance of storage space verses shipment.
Side entry robots are more suited to IML applications than Cartesian models, as movements of the foil are kept to a minimum, hence disturbance on the mandrel is kept to a minimum.
Where head room is an issue, Cartesian solutions often struggle whereas side entry units do not. Six axis robots also tackle this issue, but again, they cannot achieve such high take-out speeds and their design means even greater mould opening strokes are needed.
Where a stack mould tool is required, the clear leader in application suitability is the side entry beam robot. It is fair to argue that there are now Cartesian solutions for stack moulds, but their suitability is still playing catch-up to the side entry solution, which with a double arm easily copes with a stack tool.


The small group of musicians and others involved in the northern tour (a couple of orchestral staff members, and a small documentary film crew) were to head out for the Montreal Symphony Orchestra's first tour of Nunavik to Inukjuak, Kangiqsujuaq, and Kuujjuaq in a small twin engine plane.
As the composer of the piece that was especially commissioned for this tour, not only did I feel compelled to find a 'new' solution for the integration of the great traditions of Inuit throat singing and Western art music, but I had to do it with a small, set ensemble.
One of the other pieces on the tour was Stravinsky's L'histoire du soldat which is scored for seven musicians.
With the MSO's stipulation that the percussion instruments be limited (because of a lack of space on the small plane) and built around the percussion instruments in the Stravinsky, I feared that this could 'curb my style'. The percussion list for L'histoire du soldat includes bass drum, field drum, snare drum, tambourine, triangle, cymbal.
Those of you who are acquainted with my love of instrumental colours will know that these are not typically the percussion instruments that provide the shimmering colour (timbre) in my music! I'm used to a plethora of percussion instruments!
Faced with this creative challenge, I was pressed to find inventive solutions. One of the first percussion instruments I heard in my head when I started thinking about the new piece was a marimba. The bad news was that the marimba is a large, bulky (gorgeous) instrument not in keeping with the MSO's directive.
Of course, the longer I worked on the piece, the more I needed a marimba! What could possibly fit into the underbelly of the small plane?
I sweated over this one for quite awhile, but one afternoon I suddenly got up, ran into the kitchen and unearthed some empty bottles. I started striking them with my kitchen utensils. Different sizes gave you the different pitches from low to high. There was my 'marimba' but it was a bottlephone! Not only was it portable, if need be, you could find your instrument along the way! It was great fun playing with different rhythms on my lovely new instrument.
I have always felt that the beginning of any piece is of such great importance. You set the tone of the piece. You capture the ear of the listener. You give a clue about what is to unfold. How to begin a piece that starts you on your musical journey…?
This first movement should be rhythmic in order to parallel the propulsive energy of the throat singing – but how to 'get into' the whole piece…I decided to start the composition with the sound of the land.
I have carted with me from my University of California at San Diego days, two hard river rocks. They sit on my piano. The answer to my dilemma about how to begin the whole piece was sitting in plain sight! They are portable (or can be found in any community we would be travelling to) and they are 'of the land'. Tundra, the first movement begins with the sound of two stones. I found a way to 'tune' the rocks by opening and closing my hand as the rock rested in my palm. It must have been a sight to see and hear me improvising on my rocks as I wandered around the house!
The percussion list includes, among other instruments, 4 additional glass bottles for the woodwind and brass players, a slapstick, log drums, a sandblock, and a set of sleigh bells. They are all portable and can fit into the belly of a small plane!
Stay tuned for Part 3 of Alexina Louie's blog on her work, Take the Dog Sled – coming soon!


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Quantum version of Expanding Earth theory
TGD predicts that cosmic expansion at the level of individual astrophysical systems does not take place continuously as in classical gravitation but through discrete quantum phase transitions increasing gravitational Planck constant and thus various quantum length and time scales. The reason would be that stationary quantum states for dark matter in astrophysical length scales cannot expand. One would have the analog of atomic physics in cosmic scales. Increases of hbar by a power of two are favored in these transitions but also other scalings are possible.
This has quite far reaching implications.
These periods have a highly unique description in terms of a critical cosmology for the expanding space-time sheet. The expansion is accelerating. The accelerating cosmic expansion can be assigned to this kind of phase transition in some length scale (TGD Universe is fractal). There is no need to introduce cosmological constant and dark energy would be actually dark matter.
The recently observed void which has same size of about 108 light years as large voids having galaxies near their boundaries but having an age which is much higher than that of the large voids, would represent one example of jerk-wise expansion.
This picture applies also to solar system and planets might be perhaps seen as having once been parts of a more or less connected system, the primordial Sun. The Bohr orbits for inner and outer planets correspond to gravitational Planck constant which is 5 times larger for outer planets. This suggests that the space-time sheet of outer planets has suffered a phase transition increasing the size scale by a factor of 5. Earth can be regarded either as n=1 orbit for Planck constant associated with outer planets or n= 5 orbit for inner planetary system. This might have something to do with the very special position of Earth in planetary system. One could even consider the possibility that both orbits are present as dark matter structures. The phase transition would also explain why n=1 and n=2 Bohr orbits are absent and one only n=3,4, and 5 are present.
Also planets should have experienced this kind of phase transitions increasing the radius: the increase by a factor two would be the simplest situation.
The obvious question - that I did not ask - is whether this kind of phase transition might have occurred for Earth and led from a completely granite covered Earth -Pangeia without seas- to the recent Earth. Neither it did not occur to me to check whether there is any support for a rapid expansion of Earth during some period of its history.
Situation changed when my son Paavo visited me last Saturday and told me about a Youtube video by Neal Adams, an American comic book and commercial artist who has also produced animations for geologists. We looked the amazing video a couple of times and I looked it again yesterday. The video is very impressive (no wonder!) but in the lack of references skeptic probably cannot avoid the feeling that Neal Adams might use his highly developed animation skills to cheat you. I found also a polemic article of Adams but again the references were lacking. Perhaps the reason of polemic tone was that the concrete animation models make the expanding Earth hypothesis very convincing but geologists dare not consider seriously arguments by a layman without a formal academic background.
1. The claims of Adams
The basic claims of Adams were following.
The radius of Earth has increased during last 185 million years (dinosaurs appeared for about 230 million years ago) by about factor 2. If this is assumed all continents have formed at that time a single super-continent, Pangeia, filling the entire Earth surface rather than only 1/4 of it since the total area would have grown by a factor of 4. The basic argument was that it is very difficult to imagine Earth with 1/4 of surface containing granite and 3/4 covered by basalt. If the initial situation was covering by mere granite -as would look natural- it is very difficult for a believer in thermodynamics to imagine how the granite would have gathered to a single connected continent.
Adams claims that Earth has grown by keeping its density constant, rather than expanded, so that the mass of Earth has grown linearly with radius. Gravitational acceleration would have thus doubled and could provide a partial explanation for the disappearance of dinosaurs: it is difficult to cope in evolving environment when you get slower all the time.
Most of the sea floor is very young and the areas covered by the youngest basalt are the largest ones. This Adams interprets this by saying that the expansion of Earth is accelerating. The alternative interpretation is that the flow rate of the magma slows down as it recedes from the ridge where it erupts. The upper bound of 185 million years for the age of sea floor requires that the expansion period - if it is already over - lasted about 185 million years after which the flow increasing the area of the sea floor transformed to a convective flow with subduction so that the area is not increasing anymore.
The fact that the continents fit together -not only at the Atlantic side - but also at the Pacific side gives strong support for the idea that the entire planet was once covered by the super-continent. After the emergence of subduction theory this evidence as been dismissed: sounds very odd to me. It seems that geologists are doing "Wegeners" again.
I am not sure whether Adams mentions this objection. Subduction only occurs on the other side of the subduction zone so that the other side should show evidence of being much older in the case that oceanic subduction zones are in question. This is definitely not the case. This is explained in plate tectonics as a change of the subduction direction. My explanation would be that by the symmetry of the situation both oceanic plates bend down so that this would represent new type of boundary not assumed in the tectonic plate theory.
As a master visualizer Adams notices that Africa and South-America do not actually fit together in absence of expansion unless one assumes that these continents have suffered a deformation. Continents are not easily deformable stuff. The assumption of expansion implies a perfect fit of all continents without deformation.
Knowing that the devil is in the details, I must admit that some of these arguments look rather convincing to me and what I learned from Wikipedia "/public_html/articles/ supports this picture.
2. The critic of Adams of the subduction mechanism
The prevailing tectonic plate theory has been compared to the Copernican revolution in geology. The theory explains the young age of the seafloor in terms of the decomposition of the litosphere to tectonic plates and the convective flow of magma to which oceanic tectonic plates participate. The magma emerges from the crests of the mid ocean ridges representing a boundary of two plates and leads to the expansion of sea floor. The variations of the polarity of Earth's magnetic field coded in sea floor provide a strong support for the hypothesis that magma emerges from the crests.
The flow back to would take place at so called oceanic trenches near continents which represent the deepest parts of ocean. This process is known as subduction. In subduction oceanic tectonic plate bends and penetrates below the continental tectonic plate, the material in the oceanic plate gets denser and sinks into the magma. In this manner the oceanic tectonic plate suffers a metamorphosis returning back to the magma: everything which comes from Earth's interior returns back. Subduction mechanism explains elegantly formation of mountains (orogeny), earth quake zones, and associated zones of volcanic activity.
Adams is very polemic about the notion of subduction, in particular about the assumption that it generates steady convective cycle. The basic objections of Adams against subduction are following.
There are not enough subduction zones to allow a steady situation. According to Adams, the situation resembles that for a flow in a tube which becomes narrower. In a steady situation the flow should accelerate as it approaches subduction zones rather than slow down. Subduction zones should be surrounded by large areas of sea floor with constant age. Just the opposite is suggested by the fact that the youngest portion of sea-floor near the ridges is largest. The presence of zones at which both ocean plates bend down could improve the situation. Also jamming of the flow could occur so that the thickness of oceanic plate increases with the distance from the eruption ridge. Jamming could increase also the density of the oceanic plate and thus the effectiveness of subduction.
There is no clear evidence that subduction has occurred at other planets. The usual defense is that the presence of sea is essential for the subduction mechanism.
One can also wonder what is the mechanism that led to the formation of single super continent Pangeia covering 1/4 of Earth's surface. How probable the gathering of all separate continents to form single cluster is? The later events would suggest that just the opposite should have occurred from the beginning.
3. Expanding Earth theories are not new
After I had decided to check the claims of Adams, the first thing that I learned is that Expanding Earth theory, whose existence Adams actually mentions, is by no means new. There are actually many of them.
The general reason why these theories were rejected by the main stream community was the absence of a convincing physical mechanism of expansion or of growth in which the density of Earth remains constant.
1888 Yarkovski postulated some sort of aether absorbed by Earth and transforming to chemical elements (TGD version of aether could be dark matter). 1909 Mantovani postulated thermal expansion but no growth of the Earth's mass.
Paul Dirac's idea about changing Planck constant led Pascual Jordan in 1964 to a modification of general relativity predicting slow expansion of planets. The recent measurement of the gravitational constant imply that the upper bound for the relative change of gravitational constant is 10 time too small to produce large enough rate of expansion. Also many other theories have been proposed but they are in general conflict with modern physics.
The most modern version of Expanding Earth theory is by Australian geologist Samuel W. Carey. He calculated that in Cambrian period (about 500 million years ago) all continents were stuck together and covered the entire Earth. Deep seas began to evolve then.
4. Summary of TGD based theory of Expanding Earth
TGD based model differs from the tectonic plate model but allows subduction which cannot imply considerable back flow of magma. Let us sum up the basic assumptions and implications.
The expansion is due to a quantum phase transition increasing the value of gravitational Planck constant and forced by the cosmic expansion in the average sense.
Tectonic plates do not participate to the expansion and therefore new plate must be formed and the flow of magma from the crests of mid ocean ridges is needed. The decomposition of a single plate covering the entire planet to plates to create the mid ocean ridges is necessary for the generation of new tectonic plate. The decomposition into tectonic plates is thus prediction rather than assumption.
The expansion forced the decomposition of Pangeia super-continent covering entire Earth for about 530 million years ago to split into tectonic plates which began to recede as new non-expanding tectonic plate was generated at the ridges creating expanding sea floor. The initiation of the phase transition generated formation of deep seas.
The eruption of plasma from the crests of ocean ridges generated oceanic tectonic plates which did not participate to the expansion by density reduction but by growing in size. This led to a reduction of density in the interior of the Earth roughly by a factor 1/8. From the upper bound for the age of the seafloor one can conclude that the period lasted for about 185 million years after which it transformed to convective flow in which the material returned back to the Earth interior. Subduction at continent-ocean floor boundaries and downwards double bending of tectonic plates at the boundaries between two ocean floors were the mechanisms. Thus tectonic plate theory would be more or less the correct description for the recent situation.
One can consider the possibility that the subducted tectonic plate does not transform to magma but is fused to the tectonic layer below continent so that it grows to an iceberg like structure. This need not lead to a loss of the successful predictions of plate tectonics explaining the generation of mountains, earthquake zones, zones of volcanic activity, etc...
From the video of Adams it becomes clear that the tectonic flow is East-West asymmetric in the sense that the western side is more irregular at large distances from the ocean ridge at the western side. If the magma rotates with a slightly lower velocity than the surface of Earth (like liquid in a rotating vessel), the erupting magma would rotate slightly slower than the tectonic plate and asymmetry would be generated.
If the planet has not experienced a phase transition increasing the value of Planck constant, there is no need for the decomposition to tectonic plates and one can understand why there is no clear evidence for tectonic plates and subduction in other planets. The conductive flow of magma could occur below this plate and remain invisible.
The biological implications might provide a possibility to test the hypothesis.
Great steps of progress in biological evolution are associated with catastrophic geological events generating new evolutionary pressures forcing new solutions to cope in the new situation. Cambrian explosion indeed occurred about 530 years ago (the book Wonderful Life of Stephen Gould explains this revolution in detail) and led to the emergence of multicellular creatures, and generated huge number of new life forms living in seas. Later most of them suffered extinction: large number of phylae and groups emerged which are not present nowadays.
Thus Cambrian explosion is completely exceptional as compared to all other dramatic events in the evolution in the sense that it created something totally new rather than only making more complex something which already existed. Gould also emphasizes the failure to identify any great change in the environment as a fundamental puzzle of Cambrian explosion. Cambrian explosion is also regarded in many quantum theories of consciousness (including TGD) as a revolution in the evolution of consciousness: for instance, micro-tubuli emerged at this time. The periods of expansion might be necessary for the emergence of multicellular life forms on planets and the fact that they unavoidably occur sooner or later suggests that also life develops unavoidably.
TGD predicts a decrease of the surface gravity by a factor 1/4 during this period. The reduction of the surface gravity would have naturally led to the emergence of dinosaurs 230 million years ago as a response coming 45 million years after the accelerated expansion ceased. Other reasons led then to the decline and eventual catastrophic disappearance of the dinosaurs. The reduction of gravity might have had some gradually increasing effects on the shape of organisms also at microscopic level and manifest itself in the evolution of genome during expansion period.
A possibly testable prediction following from angular momentum conservation (ωR2= constant) is that the duration of day has increased gradually and was four times shorter during the Cambrian era. For instance, genetically coded bio-clocks of simple organisms during the expansion period could have followed the increase of the length of day with certain lag or failed to follow it completely. The simplest known circadian clock is that of the prokaryotic cyanobacteria. Recent research has demonstrated that the circadian clock of Synechococcus elongatus can be reconstituted in vitro with just the three proteins of their central oscillator. This clock has been shown to sustain a 22 hour rhythm over several days upon the addition of ATP: the rhythm is indeed faster than the circadian rhythm. For humans the average innate circadian rhythm is however 24 hours 11 minutes and thus conforms with the fact that human genome has evolved much later than the expansion ceased.
Addition: My son told that scientists have found a fossil of a sea scorpion with size of 2.5 meters which has lived for about 10 million years for 400 million years ago in Germany (see also the article in Biology Letters). The finding would conform nicely with the much smaller value of surface gravity at that time. Also the emergence of trees could be understood in terms of a gradual growth of the maximum plant size as the surface gravity was reduced. The fact that the oldest known tree fossil is 385 million years old conforms with this picture.
5. Did intra-terrestrial life burst to the surface of Earth during Cambrian expansion?
Intra-terrestrial hypothesis is one of the craziest TGD inspired ideas about the evolution of life and it is quite possible that in its strongest form the hypothesis is unrealistic. One can however try to find what one obtains from the combination of the IT hypothesis with the idea of pre-Cambrian granite Earth. Could the harsh pre-Cambrian conditions have allowed only intra-terrestrial multicellular life? Could the Cambrian explosion correspond to the moment of birth for this life in the very concrete sense that the magma flow brought it into the day-light?
Gould emphasizes the mysterious fact that very many life forms of Cambrian explosion looked like final products of a long evolutionary process. Could the eruption of magma from the Earth interior have induced a burst of intra-terrestrial life forms to the Earth's surface? This might make sense: the life forms living at the bottom of sea do not need direct solar light so that they could have had intra-terrestrial origin. It is quite possible that Earth's mantle contained low temperature water pockets, where the complex life forms might have evolved in an environment shielded from meteoric bombardment and UV radiation.
Sea water is salty (for why this is the case see this). It is often claimed that the average salt concentration inside cell is that of the primordial sea: I do not know whether this claim can be really justified. If the claim is true, the cellular salt concentration should reflect the salt concentration of the water inside the pockets. The water inside water pockets could have been salty due to the diffusion of the salt from ground but need not have been same as that for the ocean water (higher than for cell interior and for obvious reasons). Indeed, the water in the underground reservoirs in arid regions such as Sahara is salty, which is the reason for why agriculture is absent in these regions. Note also that the cells of marine invertebrates are osmoconformers able to cope with the changing salinity of the environment so that the Cambrian revolutionaries could have survived the change in the salt concentration of environment.
What applies to Earth should apply also to other similar planets and Mars is very similar to Earth. The radius is .533 times that for Earth so that after quantum leap doubling the radius and thus Schumann frequency scale (7.8 Hz would be the lowest Schumann frequency) would be essentially same as for Earth now. Mass is .131 times that for Earth so that surface gravity would be .532 of that for Earth now and would be reduced to .131 meaning quite big dinosaurs! We have learned that Mars probably contains large water reservoirs in it's interior and that there is an un-identified source of methane gas usually assigned with the presence of life. Could it be that Mother Mars is pregnant and just waiting for the great quantum leap when it starts to expand and gives rise to a birth of multicellular life forms. Or expressing freely how Bible describes the moment of birth: in the beginning there was only darkness and water and then God said: Let the light come!
To sum up, TGD would provide only the long sought mechanism of expansion and a possible connection with the biological evolution. It would be indeed fascinating if Planck constant changing quantum phase transitions in planetary scale would have profoundly affected the biosphere.
For more details see the chapter Quantum Astrophysics.


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March 14, 2014 / Astrid Vinje
Ryan and I chatted via Skype earlier this month about his time in Kenya, where he served as a health volunteer with his wife. I was intrigued by his descriptions of his site, being both very removed from everyone yet connected at the same time. Although he and his wife were placed in a remote community, their house was in close proximity to a cellphone tower, which allowed them to stay in touch with folks back home. As a result, during his time in Kenya, Ryan was able to complete an online Master's degree, and record two albums with his band, Eric and Magill. I am constantly surprised at how much technology has allowed the Peace Corps experience to evolve and change, even in the eight years since I finished my service!
Ryan E. Weber originally hails from snowy farmlands on the Western shores of Lake Michigan. He is noted for playing in indie bands such as the shoegazey-Cambden, emo pioneers-The Promise Ring, Midwestern altcountry road warriors-Decibully, spacey and sublime indie popsters-Eric & Magill and most recently creating the sparse and dreamy - REW<<. While working in both Kenya and the Republic of Armenia, Weber collaborated over the internet with a host of notable contemporary indie artists including members of Shearwater, The Dirty Projectors, Owen, Volcano Choir, and The Delgados, to name just a few. These days, he can be frequently found in subterranean tunnels waiting for Metros below the nation's capital.
Listen to Ryan's band, Eric and Magill at ericandmagill.bandcamp.com, and also check out Ryan's solo work at rew-music.bandcamp.com.
CC 24: Marshall Islands | Steve Latin-Kasper


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Home » Acne treatments » Acne Product Ingredients »
Bee Allergies & Propolis
Used medicinally for thousands of years, propolis is a substance derived from certain trees and collected by bees for use in their hives. Current research aims to substantiate the effects of propolis on various health conditions. Propolis, however, is considered an alternative treatment and has not been tested enough to verify its safety. It is known, however, that if you're allergic to bees, it's best to avoid propolis for the potential risk of an allergic reaction. Always talk to your physician before taking propolis to treat any medical condition.
About Propolis
Propolis is a resin derived from conifer and poplar trees. Honeybees go to these trees, collect the resin and bring it back to the hive to mix with beeswax and other substances, and use this to hold the hive together. Most propolis used commercially is derived from beehives, not directly from the trees that produce the resin. Propolis is used in products such as cosmetics, lozenges and chewing gum and has been studied for its effects on infections, tumors, dental pain and herpes. Research is ongoing about its health effects and nothing has been scientifically substantiated.
Bee Allergies and Propolis
If you are allergic or hypersensitive to bees or bee products, it's best to avoid products with propolis. Because most commercially used propolis is derived from the hives of honeybees, using propolis in any form may trigger an allergic reaction. Symptoms include tightening of the throat, itchiness, hives and even collapse. Propolis is available in different forms from health food stores and, if you have contact with a beekeeper, in raw form, but it's also an ingredient in common products. Look at the ingredient list of products such as lozenges and chewing gum to see if they contain propolis.
Propolis Benefits
Although propolis has been studied for its effects on numerous conditions, most of these studies are not extensive enough to validate its health claims. However, MedlinePlus notes that propolis is possibly effective for two conditions. First, it may help heal genital lesions associated with herpes simplex virus-2. Second, it may reduce pain and inflammation following dental surgery. Both of these effects are likely due to the innate healing properties of propolis. According to a review in the journal "Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention," propolis is known to have some antioxidative, antibacterial, anti-ulcer and anti-tumor properties and has been used for centuries in folk medicine.
Some individuals may experience eczema, fluid retention, redness, burning and fever with frequent use of propolis. Dr. Andrew Weil, a noted physician specializing in integrative medicine, states that propolis is generally a safe home remedy that can be applied to uncomplicated wounds and used as a gargle or tincture for mouth sores and sore throats. However, because the effects of propolis are not proven, it's best to always talk to your doctor before using propolis.
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In Germany, you can find lively cities with wonderful architecture, charming villages and friendly festival in every region. There are also many castles and palaces, since there you can admire the picturesque countryside. Summarizing, Germany is a country of thousands of possibilities.
Bavaria, located in the German Alps, is a region plenty of attractions, sausages and lots of beer. Over the past years, Bavaria has transformed into a modern industrial state with an advanced economic structure, while agriculture has shaped the country.
Berlin is one of the most historic cities in Germany, its lively and cosmopolitan metropolis define the city as many cities in one Berlin's past is really dark since Adolf Hittler assumed power. Brandenburg surrounds the area of Berlin, it has more than 3,000 lakes!.
Frankfurt am Main is called "the Manhattan of Germany" because of its location on the Main river. The city is the financial heart not only of Germany but also of the European Union, pumping euros into the economy. Frankfurt is a city with two faces.
Rhineland Palatinate is one of the richest regions of Germany; it borders North Rhine-Westphalia, Hesse, Baden-Württemberg, France, Saarland, Luxembourg and Belgium. The region is full of beautiful landscapes and historical towns.


Many adults near Granite Bay, CA, in the Roseville, CA area have found a new and improved way of fixing their misaligned teeth and jaws through our easy and innovative orthodontic treatment known as clear braces. Often times, people are hesitant to get braces, but of course, everyone works hard to get that straighter and healthier smile. Although getting braces comes with several obstacles – cost, care and maintenance, lifestyle adjustments, and appearance changes – it isn't impossible to achieve your goal for nicer looking teeth. Dr. Michael Payne and our team here at American River Orthodontics near Granite Bay, CA says that delaying any orthodontic treatment could be damaging your mouth and overall oral health. Don't let your nerves of appearance or how you may look with braces be a reason for any obstacles to get in the way of progress toward your teeth.
For many people, especially adults, our appearance changes can be the main factor that cause them to choose not to get braces. After all, the traditional metal braces can be seen as clunky, and may cause a lack of confidence in your smile when talking, laughing, and even posing for pictures. But American River Orthodontics near Granite Bay, CA warns that delaying orthodontic treatment for this reason could be damaging to your mouth and health. And, there is no reason to worry about this anyway! Why? Because Dr. Michael Payne has a solution – getting clear braces!
Clear braces are made of ceramic, clear materials, and attach to our teeth in the same way that traditional metal braces do. Dr. Michael Payne reminds his patients near Granite Bay, CA that clear braces do require a bit more care due to their more fragile nature, but are worth it in the long run, due to their compatibility and ability toward just be cosmetically pleasing to the eye.
Clear braces offer many advantages over all other orthodontic treatment systems. First, they provide an invisible way to correct several different types of cases, ranging in complexity, unlike the other invisible options known as Invisalign, which is unable to treat certain severe cases. Additionally, Invisalign aligners are removable and therefore able to be misplaced. With clear braces, patients will be guaranteed to complete their treatment on time and with good results. Clear braces near Granite Bay, CA are also a great alternative to traditional metal braces, because they have fewer metal parts, so they are less likely to cause painful poking and prodding.
Different kinds of braces can range in price. Dr. Michael Payne will work with you to craft a customized orthodontic treatment plan that will vary in length, and therefore may cause differing price ranges. However, generally speaking, clear braces will cost the same amount as traditional metal braces. If you are worried about cost, the team at American River Orthodontics team is here to help. We take a number of insurance plans, and also offer different payment options. Contact us to learn more about the available payment plans. We will be happy to work with you to find something you are comfortable with.
American River Orthodontics is a trusted provider of clear braces near Granite Bay, CA. If you are interested in learning more about clear braces or think clear braces may be the right option for you, contact Dr. Michael Payne and the team at American River Orthodontics near Granite Bay, CA by calling us at 916.786.2442!


In addition to our stock range of stoles, our vestment workroom are able to make stoles to your specific design. We have a large range of exclusive fabrics to choose from. We also offer custom embroidery.


Girl Hairstyles Simple New toddler Girl Hairstyles Hair Style Model – In case you are focused on nice hair permanent by way of the big, confer with your hairdresser with a pre-wedding consultation. Opportunities are fantastic that they're going to realize in which versions match your kind of hair and just how to be go with your current wedding ceremony aesthetic. After a little expert advice, get ready to experience a stupendous wedding coiffure that won't go on along the dance floor!


VIRC sent five boats to compete at the Head of the Charles Regatta in Boston, MA on October 20 and 21. The invitational is the largest regatta expo in the world, drawing thousands of rowers from around the globe and nearly 300,000 spectators. Vashon was placed in a lottery and ultimately selected, thus becoming one of the smallest rowing clubs to attend. This long standing regatta is known for the challenging five kilometer course that has three major turns and seven bridges to navigate under along the Charles River. "One of the big problems with the Head of the Charles is it's hard to say how fast a boat really is", said Coach Richard Parr. "With the turns, bridges and people in your way, it's not unusual to have to stop to safely get through certain areas of the course. Strategy is every bit as important as speed in this one", he said.
Masters Su DeWalt, Kim Goforth, Debby Jackson and Marilyn Klyen raced in the Director's Challenge Women's Quad, an event with highly skilled rowers, including Olympians. Although the Vashon women came in 17th, they were the fastest compared to other women in their age category.
Junior rowers Tate Gill and Baxter Call ran into trouble during the Men's Youth Double race. They were penalized twice for failure to yield, something Coach Parr described as a harsh but fair call because the officials are very strict about that out on the course. "They had pretty heavy traffic. While trying to avoid a slower boat across a turn, a faster boat came up from behind. They didn't leave enough room for the faster boat to go through", said Parr. Their finish time would have put them in the middle of the field had they not had the three minute penalty.
Wrapping up the weekend was the Women's Youth Eight, a race that had 85 entries. Rowing for Vashon were Halimah Griffin, Maya Krah, Teagan Lynch, Emmie Kehoe, TerraJane Ripley, Kirsten Girard, Katelyn Carte, Bryn Gilbert and coxed by Ally Clevenger. Parr said they were fast but had major steering difficulties. In a borrowed shell from a Canada team, coxswain Clevenger was working with a boat that was very different than what she was used to. She had to stop three times to avoid collisions. Parr instructed the crew safety first above all else and Clevenger followed that to the rule. Parr said the boat clearly had good speed, as it still finished in the top half of its field.
The trip was a great experience for the team. They met Olympic and world champion rowers and coxswains and watched them race, along with former VIJC members who now row and coach at the collegiate level. The thrill of their own turn on the Charles River will not be soon forgotten. "I'm really proud of them. Effort-wise and sportsmanship-wise, they held their heads high", Parr said.


Elegant Pearl Necklace and Earring Set Elegance oozes from this Romantic bridal necklace, featuring a clusters of faux pearl. Set comes with necklace and earrings. Pearl necklace features a center crystal accent on silver tone. Lovely shape is flattering to any neckline. Necklace is adjustable to 17 inches. Matching earrings are appx. 1 3 /4 inches in length.


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Permanent Mission of Ireland to the UN | New York
Ireland at the UN
News & Speeches
Human Rights at the General Assembly
Human Rights at the General Assembly (Third Committee)
At the Third Committee, Ireland focuses on key priorities such as gender equality, civil society and human rights defenders.
Of the six main committees within the General Assembly the Third Committee focuses on human rights.
Topics addressed at the Third Committee include:
• the examination of independent reports of the Human Rights Council
• the advancement of women
• the protection of children
• indigenous issues
• the treatment of refugees
• the promotion of fundamental freedoms through the elimination of racism and racial discrimination, and
• the promotion of the right to self-determination.
At the Third Committee Ireland focuses on key priorities such as gender equality, civil society and human rights defenders.
Ireland actively engages in all Third Committee initiatives that look to promote and protect the human rights of women, including important resolutions on eliminating violence against women; preventing Child, Early and Forced Marriage (CEFM); and addressing Female Genital Mutilation (FGM).
The Third Committee provides a platform where Ireland can look to protect Human Rights Defenders. These are people who, individually or with others, act to promote or protect human rights and fundamental freedoms. In 2017, we led for the EU in negotiations on a Norwegian resolution on human rights defenders. We also promote the need to address reprisals against human rights defenders who look to cooperate with the UN system, a worrying trend growing increasingly common.
Ireland has joined others in pushing for strong references to civil society in a range of resolutions in the Third Committee and other fora.
Tue, 20 Feb 2018 16:02:45 GMT
21st Floor(between 47th & 48th st.)


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Trump Really Wants You To Know Melania Doesn't Hate Her Life
By Chris Tognotti
If there's anything President Donald Trump really, really, really wants you to know, it's that Melania Trump totally enjoys being first lady, and there's no reason whatsoever you should question that. That was the big takeaway from a tweet Trump sent out on Tuesday morning, insisting that his wife always knew he would win the 2016 presidential election, and that she "truly loves" what she is doing.
If you're inclined to think that Trump's tweet was spurred by something, it's probably fair to assume he was reacting to a recent article Vanity Fair article suggesting much the opposite. Written by Sarah Ellison, and titled "'She Didn't Want This Come Hell Or High Water': Inside Melania Trump's Secretive East Wing," the piece makes the case (through a source close to the first lady) that not only did she probably not expect her husband to win the presidency, she did not want to find herself in the high-profile, highly visible position she occupies today.
In other words, the report suggests that the precise opposite of what Trump tweeted on Tuesday morning is true. Calling his wife "our great and very hard working First Lady," he insisted ― without ever mentioning the Vanity Fair piece ― that everything is peachy-keen for him on the home front.
The Vanity Fair piece is long on stories that could definitely be seen as embarrassing to the president, perhaps none more so than the claim of a longtime family friend that his wife is unhappy being first lady, and that she probably didn't think he'd actually defeat Hillary Clinton to secure the presidency.
"This isn't something she wanted and it isn't something he ever thought he'd win," the friend reportedly told Vanity Fair. "She didn't want this come hell or high water. I don't think she thought it was going to happen."
Melania notably did not move into the White House immediately following her husband's inauguration, instead staying at Trump Tower in New York City through the summer, at a cost of millions of dollars to American taxpayers. She did finally move to Washington, D.C. in June, making good on plans to make the trip after her son Barron finished out his school year.
The Vanity Fair piece also reports that Melania is protective of Barron, and has been particularly so since the slew of allegations of sexually predatory behavior that came out in the final months of the election. The president has vehemently denied the claims, calling his accusers "horrible liars."
Mark Wilson/Getty Images News/Getty Images
For the record, the first lady is reportedly very unhappy with the Vanity Fair piece, and contests its veracity. In a statement to Fox News and CNN, Melania's office reportedly blasted the story as "riddled with unnamed sources and false assertions," and insisted it was "meant to demean Mrs. Trump" rather than acknowledging her work. A statement read:
As a magazine tailored to women it is shameful that they continue to write salacious and false stories meant to demean Mrs. Trump, rather than focus on her positive work as First Lady and as a supportive wife and mother. As has been stated on the record many times before, she is honored by her role.
Needless to say, she isn't alone in denying the veracity of the story, as made clear by the recent presidential tweet insisting that the discord Vanity Fair piece alleges is non-existent. Notably, two of the next three tweets President Trump sent out on Tuesday were retweets of the first lady, including one celebrating the new White House Christmas decorations. In other words, the official response to this story seems pretty clear: nothing to see here.


Following last week's article on the issue of marijuana cultivation in a manufactured housing community, I received, compliments of John VanLandingham, some good resource materials that I'd like to pass along.
Readers of my article will note that my focus was primarily on the federal laws. This was because during my research, I was directed by the Oregon Health Authority (here) to the federal HUD website. However, as John points out, "…Oregon fair housing law is "substantially equivalent" to federal fair housing law." So, generally speaking, on the issue of medical marijuana, as goes the federal law, so goes Oregon law. John directed me to the 2010 Oregon case of Emerald Steel Fabricators, Inc. v. Bureau of Labor and Industries, which addressed many unanswered questions on the use of medical marijuana in this state. The answers contained in that case represent the most current state of medical marijuana law in Oregon both from an employment and housing perspective. John, as a board member of Fair Housing Council of Oregon ("FHCO"), also directed me to the following FHCO article [authored after the Emerald Steel Fabricators case], which serves as a good resource on the issue of medical marijuana use in Oregon. The FHCO article can be found here. Keep in mind that the law is still developing, so you should consult your own legal counsel on these issues. These MHCO articles should not be relied upon as legal advice. So, to incorporate these resources into my prior answer, here are some "take-away" points for park owners and managers on the issue of usage and cultivation of medical marijuana in Oregon manufactured housing communities: • If the resident insists that you make a reasonable accommodation for them because their use is due to a disability, you may say "N0." Note, however, park residents still have the right to ask for a reasonable accommodation. • Owners and managers may not deny an applicant housing availability simply because they have, or intend to obtain, a medical marijuana card [any more than management may deny tenancy to a person who says he or she has a disability]. • To reiterate what I said in last week's article, it is my opinion that park management should institute a medical marijuana policy in the rules, dealing both with the use and cultivation of the substance inside the community. It is not a fair housing violation to prohibit it in the rules. However, if legal use or cultivation [i.e. according to Oregon state law] occurs in a community, and there are no express prohibitions against doing so, it may be difficult to bring an eviction action for the activity, unless it violates some other rule or provision in the rental agreement.


This article will give a Windows disk partition tool introduction to you, so that you can manage your disk better without the limitation of Windows Disk Management.
What can you do with Disk Management?
Windows operating systems have already built-in a Windows disk partition tool called "Disk Management". With the help of Disk Management, you can extend and reduce the disk, create and delete partitions, change the drive letter, format partition, convert between basic disk and dynamic disk, MBR disk to GPT disk, etc.
Access to Disk Management in Windows: Start-Type "diskmgmt.msc"-press enter; OR: Start-Control Panel-System and Security-Administrative Tools-Computer Management-Disk Management ; OR: Computer (Right Click)-Manage-Storage-Disk Management .
Although Windows Disk Management has been improved much compared with the previous version built in Windows XP, it still has many limitations. Other than the basic functions provided before, Windows 7 Disk Management can resize partition, but if you are to ask more functions in it, its not a good one to go after.
When we run diskmgmt.msc, we actually want to add unallocated space into target partition, but the Extend Volume option is grayed out when we right click the partition. Why is extend volume option grayed out? You can see that there is another partition between the target partition (Eg, C drive) and unallocated space. Disk Management requires the unallocated space must go right after the partition you want to extend.
Sometimes, you need shrink your partition to get more unallocated space to do other things. However, when you right click the partition you want to shrink, you find that the Shrink Volume is grayed out. Why? If there is any disk fragmentation at the end of the partition, you can not shrink the partition with Disk Management.
If you want to create partition on the hard drive, you must create with an unallocated space. If there is no unallocated space, and you really need one more partition, you can delete or shrink an existing partition to get unallocated space. There is one more thing you need know: the MBR disk supports up to four primary partitions while GPT disk allows more primary partition. If there are already four primary partitions on your MBR disk, and you need more partition, change one primary partition into extend partition to get more partitions.
Besides, there are many other limitations of Disk Management such as you can only convert an empty GPT disk to MBR disk, you can only format partition into NTFS, etc. Fortunately, there is another more powerful Windows disk partition tool, AOMEI Partition Assistant, which can make up all the shortage of Windows Disk Management.
AOMEI Partition Assistant is a great powerful disk partition tool which can break out all the limitations that Disk Management has. It has many great features so that you can create partition, resize partition more flexible. You can use it to delete partition, move partition, format partition,split partition, merge partitions, and you can use it to convert disk between basic disk and dynamic disk, MBR disk and GPT disk more flexible. Besides, it has many other utilities for you to manage your hard drive better. What's the most important is that Windows PC users can use it free including Windows XP/Vista/7/8/10.


• If you missed the Tuesday, January 17 meeting, PSSD Historian Kelli has written a blog post to catch on all the details. Wink, wink. You want to check it out now because MERCER CLINIC needs help from Davis undergrads. I know y'all need animal experience hours, so now is your chance!
• PSSD and Mercer are also planning a Valentine's Day Fundraiser on February 13 - February 14 at the MU. We will be selling baked goods AND having a photo booth. More details will be coming soon as the event approaches.
• Speaking of PSSD meetings, next week, Tuesday, January 24, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine student Bryn Thompson will be sharing her experiences in the military from 7:00 PM to 8:00 PM in Veihmeyer 212.
• I know why y'all are checking out these announcements. It's for one thing, and one thing only: our club t-shirts!
Congratulations to Samantha Eisner for designing the 2016 - 2017 PSSD club t-shirt. Our club t-shirts will be heather gray. We will be taking orders for shirts within the next few weeks. Be sure to keep an eye out on your email for order forms. Below is Eisner's winning design.


The Coconut Lagoon is as delightful as its name sounds. Families especially love hanging out in these waters! There is a wide waterfall to swim through and around, as well as plenty of room for playing games and socializing. The lagoon also enters into the Lazy Alligator River for easy access!
Coconut Lagoon is 3.5′ deep for the width of the pool.