Career change advice for women at work!
Interested in making a career change? Here is a 10-step plan for women at work seeking a career change.
Many working Indian women in their 30s or 40s consider a career change, to a related or even different industry. The reason could be professional – losing interest in your field, realizing the right profession later in life or a downturn in your industry necessitating a move. For many women, the reason may also be personal – for those opting to have children in their late 20s or early 30s, this is when they take a career break and re-evaluate the career they are in. Their needs from the job may also change, including a greater need for flexi-working options.
Studies show that most people will change careers at least once in their working life. Job hunting in a new industry can be daunting. Here then, is our ten step plan to help you in making a career change!
Examine what you dislike about your current job. Are your problems genuinely about the job or due to an annoying boss/co-workers? Once you have figured that out, you know whether you really need a change. A career change is hard in most cases; don't do it without sufficient reason.
Will your dissatisfaction be lower if you moved to a different role or division in your company? Do look within your company for placements that can help you move to what you really want to do. Many companies are willing to give good employees a chance to switch roles and grow within the company.
Meet people who have made the switch and get career change advice from them. Ask them about the challenges they faced, talk to people in the industry you plan to move to, and ask as many questions as you need to figure out whether it excites you.
Many skills like communication, planning or even certain technologies are transferable between specific professions. Ask a career counsellor or friend to help you list your transferable skills and achievements if you are unsure. This will also help you identify areas that you need to beef up on, for the new profession.
You will definitely need to beef up on new skills if you are planning on a career shift. Short term weekend courses are good if they suffice, or you could consider taking a sabbatical for a longer course if you can afford it. Ask people in the industry about what professional qualifications you need to make the change and follow up on that.
Whether through short term projects or unpaid internships, be prepared to invest time in the switch. Ask for an internship if possible for a couple of months to get a feel of the industry. It will add to your work experience and show prospective employers that you are serious about the switch.
It won't be easy, but if you can find someone in the industry you want to enter, who is willing to take time out to mentor you, seize the opportunity. A mentor doesn't have to be highly placed, but needs to be well connected in the industry to help you find your way in. A mentor can also help you sharpen the skills needed.
Contact prospective employers and placement agencies. Practise mock interviews and rehearse what you will say about why you want to switch – don't get caught off guard when interviewers ask you. Tailor-make your resume to highlight previous job experience and skills relevant to the new career.
Prepare a 30 second pitch in case you meet a friend or acquaintance from the field you are looking at shifting to. A vague, 'I'm looking for a job in your field' doesn't help. Go through your contacts list, and call, email or IM anyone you think could help. People are only too keen to help if they think you're sincere and worth recommending. Be clear about what you need and network mindfully – advice, contacts or referrals and job leads. Be present on social/professional networking sites like LinkedIn. Follow up any leads or recommendations promptly and do not forget to thank those who take time out to help you.
They will help you draft a professional resume and a cover letter. It will be worth the money invested.
If you have no experience at all that qualifies you for the new job, be prepared to be flexible about everything from your designation, to salary to perks – you need the opportunity.
So, find out what you can offer, tell yourself that you have something valuable to offer the new industry and gear up to demonstrate that!


OK, maybe "Rowdy" Ryan Shrout did not say "shiznit" in his "Overclocking the AMD Ryzen 7 1700 - The Real Winner?" review, but I know he thought it. What is very fishy though is that PCPer came up with same exact conclusions that HardOCP did, mere hours after we published our 1700 vs 1700X review? Coincidence? I think not. On a serious note, PCPer did a good look at just how meaty the Ryzen 1700 is compared to its bigger 1700X and 1800X brothers, or sisters. I don't want to assume any processors' genders.
Yes, you could easily overclock the Ryzen 7 1800X to 4.0 GHz (or 100-200 MHz higher) but saving $170 that you could put toward a GPU, an SSD or any other purpose for likely the exact same experience is enticing.


MAB Realty's expertise is the management of individual owners' residential properties. We handle all leasing maintenance and accounting for single properties to multi-property owners. Detailed financial summaries and disbursements are made monthly. Please call or email Marc or Steve Birnbaum with any questions regarding your residential properties.
MAB Realty is conveniently located near the Tollway and Lovers Lane, we are quickly accessible to all parts of the Dallas area. This enables our management personnel to quickly respond to your property management requirements.
You may view our current inventory of available homes, condos, and townhomes by clicking the link. View floorplans of our new developments by selecting a link under "New Developments" on the left side of the page.


Afandina Mediterranean Specialties is family owned and operated. We offer top-quality deli meats and cheeses, fresh baked goods, one-of-a-kind Middle Eastern groceries, hot and cold cuisines, and hookah supplies.
In addition, to meet the growing demand, we added Mediterranean catering to our services.
So whether it be hummus, tabbouli, falafel, shawurma, baklava, or any other authentic fare you can think of, we have it all at Afandina !


(1) the player can expect a suspension for his latest misdemeanour(2) The need to turn around his public image and erase the memory of past misdemeanours is not the only requirement of a man who aspires to return the Conservatives to government.(3) For example, in the AFL there are approximately 600 contracted footballers and in any one season, the misdemeanours of a few muddy the water for all.(4) Last night I bit the bullet and went to see my neighbour about her teenage dirtbag of a daughter and the noise along with a list of other minor misdemeanours .(5) Because of the risk of fire, there was no heating of any kind and this was a rigorously male society; heavy fines were imposed for even minor misdemeanours such as talking loudly (rather like Scottish public schools used to be).(6) The energy that was once spent in a constructive fashion, rooting for teamwork and friendship, will be transformed into a tornado of terror and minor misdemeanors .(7) Children as young as 14 are also working illegally, while minor workplace misdemeanours are frequently met with corporal punishment or punitive wage reductions.(8) I'm from a Roman Catholic background, so in case of misdemeanors we could always confess our wrongdoings and go on with life.(9) But with the exception of a visit to New York in September 2001, this book is just a series of anecdotes about caravans, blocked toilets, petty rows and minor misdemeanours in her car.(10) Your misdemeanors are minor, and your contributions to the genre cannot be overlooked.(11) Thousands were stopped for questioning and more than 400 arrested for mainly minor misdemeanours during a six-month police dragnet of the local area.(12) Even if morality does reach down to our private lives, is it morally justifiable to punish someone in their public life for their private misdemeanours ?(13) Under federal law, it is a misdemeanor to commit safety violations that kill workers.(14) It scared me so much that I spent the entire drive apologizing for every minor and major misdemeanor I'd ever committed in my life for two days!(15) the player can expect a lengthy suspension for his latest misdemeanor(16) The fact that he pled guilty to a misdemeanor and not a felony, I believe, still is going to put him in some jeopardy with immigration.
Meaning and definitions of misdemeanour, translation in Marathi language for misdemeanour with similar and opposite words. Also find spoken pronunciation of misdemeanour in Marathi and in English language.
Tags for the entry "misdemeanour"
What misdemeanour means in Marathi, misdemeanour meaning in Marathi, misdemeanour definition, examples and pronunciation of misdemeanour in Marathi language.


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text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Duracellko.WindowsAzureVmManager.Model
{
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        public string RoleName { get; set; }

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}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Welcome to the official website of 2nd International Congress and Exhibition of Sciences and Innovative Technologies (ICESIT-2019) organized by Arak Islamic Azad University, Iran.
The first International Congress and Exhibition of Sciences and Innovative Technologies (ICESIT) 2019 is bringing together a whole array of activities. The ICESIT combines many international sciences and engineering conferences, and promises to be the largest ever conference on engineering subjects.
To promote and enhance the networking and collaboration in education and research among the institutions devoted to Science and Engineering fields.
The focus of the ICESIT is to establish an effective platform for institutions and industries to share ideas and to present the works of scientists, engineers, educators and students from all over the world. The organizing committee of conference is pleased to invite prospective authors to submit their original manuscripts to ICESIT 2019.


As the world gets smaller, it's more important than ever to create meaningful connections with other people. A career in visual arts, creative arts or communications gives you a voice to cut through society's noise and make a difference to the lives of others. Whether your medium is video or violin, poetry or pottery, we'll teach you how to make your mark remarkable.
Our state-of-the-art facilities will give you the foundation to forge your own path in creative and visual arts. Each of our campuses has a public art gallery that runs exhibitions by students and experienced artists throughout the year. You can also hone your skills at our art studios, video and sound production studio, and multimedia facilities.
For creativity to flourish and good communication to be effective, you need to understand your audience. One way we encourage this empathy is by sending you out into the world. Study with us and you might find yourself meeting the curator of the Venice Biennale on an art tour of Italy or touring Washington Square before taking in a Broadway musical in New York.
When it comes to employability, real-world industry experience is just as important as learning the theory behind your chosen discipline. That's why we ask that you extend yourself beyond the classroom by putting what you've learnt into practice during internships, industry placements, professional experience and work-integrated learning. Our compulsory community engagement unit also encourages you to use your new skills to support other communities and gain an understanding how your creative practice can influence, impact and support others.
Our industry partnerships provide rich learning experiences and opportunities for collaboration. These relationships will give you a head start in connecting to practitioners in your chosen field, and allow you to gain practical skills through internships and professional placements. Then, when you graduate, you will have access to professional bodies such as the Australian Graphic Design Association, the Australian Network for Art and Technology, Craft Australia and the International Council of Museums.
"I've loved the fantastic travel opportunities at ACU. I've been lucky enough to go to Rome, and I am about to jet off to Venice. ACU makes travelling and studying readily accessible.
Professor Michael Ondaatje is the national head of the School of Arts and a research associate at the United States Studies Centre at the University of Sydney.
He was awarded his PhD with distinction from the University of Western Australia in 2008, and his thesis on African-American conservatism was recognised with the Robert Street Prize for the most outstanding PhD across all of the university's disciplines.


Less polite version. Do not use this one to elderly or someone who is older than you.
Least polite version. Use it with your friends.
There are many other not polite variations out there.
How to say "What do you know, anyway?" in Japanese?
How to say "Ah I've done it" in Japanese?


text:
Milorad Arsenjević (né le  à Smederevo à l'époque en Autriche-Hongrie, et mort le  à Belgrade en Yougoslavie) était un joueur de football et entraîneur yougoslave.

Biographie

Arsenjević joue durant toute sa carrière de club dans l'équipe de Belgrade de l'OFK Belgrade, le meilleur club de l'époque.

Il joue avec l'équipe de Yougoslavie entre 1927 et 1954, avec pas moins de 52 sélections pour 7 buts.

Il a participé aux Jeux olympiques de 1928 et à la coupe du monde 1930 où la Yougoslavie finit quatrième.

Après sa carrière, il devient entraîneur et prend les rênes de son ancienne sélection, la Yougoslavie de 1946 à 1954.

En tant que sélectionneur, il participe notamment à la coupe du monde 1950, ainsi qu'aux Jeux olympiques de 1948 et de 1952.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance en Autriche-Hongrie
Naissance à Smederevo
Naissance en juin 1906
Décès en mars 1987
Footballeur international yougoslave
Joueur de l'OFK Belgrade
Entraîneur yougoslave de football
Footballeur aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 1928
Sélectionneur de l'équipe de Yougoslavie de football
Décès à 80 ans

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Nowy Kisielin (niem. Deutsch Kessel) – część miasta i osiedle administracyjne Zielonej Góry, będące jednostką pomocniczą miasta. Do 31 grudnia 2014 r. wieś, od 1 stycznia 2015 r. w granicach miasta.

W latach 1975–1998 miejscowość administracyjnie należała do województwa zielonogórskiego.

Nazwa
W 1475 roku w łacińskich statutach Statuta synodalia episcoporum Wratislaviensium miejscowość wymieniona jest w zlatynizowanej formie Keyslaw. Według jednej z teorii samo słowo Kisielin pochodzi od staropolskiego słowa "Kysielina" lub "Kyslina", które ma oznaczać szałas pasterski.

Historia

Nowy Kisielin, wieś o trzynastowiecznej metryce, a w najstarszych dokumentach była używana nazwa Kyselin, później Kessel oraz Keissel. Po raz pierwszy pojawił się w dokumencie z 9 sierpnia 1352, przed laty przechowywanym w kożuchowskim archiwum parafialnym, w który zawarto wzmiankę o Petrusie Ottonisie, proboszczu Kisielina. Źródła niemieckie wspomniały jako właściciela wsi w latach 1290-1302 Stephena von Dyherna. Niezależnie jednak od okoliczności, paradoksalnie istnienie Nowego Kisielina jest poświadczone wcześniej niż Starego.

Następną pisaną wzmianką o wsi jest "Obwieszczenie Awiniońskie" z 1376 roku, które wymienia 17 kościołów należących do parafii zielonogórskiej. Rzeczony kościół powstał prawdopodobnie pod koniec XIII w. Jego patronem był święty Jerzy, a powstał on równocześnie ze wsią zasiedloną przez kolonistów niemieckich (stąd nazwa zawierająca przymiotnik niemiecki w odróżnieniu od sąsiedniego polskiego).

Wieś pozostaje w całości w posiadaniu von Duhrenów do połowy XV w. Jak poświadczają źródła w 1471 roku część wsi należała do Heinzego Schoffa z Przytoku, a w 1563 roku dobra te przeszły na braci Fabiana i Nickela von Tschammerów. W 1510 trzecia część wsi prawdopodobnie wskutek podziału spadku, przeszła w ręce Rothenhurgów, a ci w 1587 roku odsprzedali swoją własność Dyhernom. Dobra należące do rodziny von Tschammer (wraz z majątkiem z Przytoku) w 1591 roku zakupił Joachim von Stentsch. Po śmierci ostatniego męskiego przedstawiciela rodziny Dyhern dobra nowokisielińskie zostały dołączone do majątku rodziny Stentschów z Przytoku. Wieś uległa znacznemu zniszczeniu w czasie wojny trzydziestoletniej. Jako kolejnych właścicieli dóbr ziemskich wymienia się rodzinę von Grünberg, a od 1726 roku barona Balthasara Nicolausa von Hocka, który wcześniej nabył część należącą do Stentschów. W 1773 roku Stentschowie ponownie nabyli Nowy Kisielin, jednak już w 1791 roku sprzedali go Janowi Stefanowi Bojanowskiemu za 28 000 talarów. We wsi znajdowały się w tym czasie m.in. 2 folwarki, pałac. 4 młyny, w tym 3 wodne i jeden wiatrowy. Około 1790 roku w 67 gospodarstwach mieszkały 383 osoby. W 1859 roku majątek kupił Friedrich von Götze. Majątek nowokisieliński sprzedano na początku XX wieku rodzinie von Pfeil.

Pozostałością po właścicielach jest dwór Stentschów z XVII w. z willą z 1910 r. będącą nowszą siedzibą dziedziców. Dwór z XVII w. został wybudowany obok starego renesansowego, którego ruiny można było oglądać jeszcze w połowie XIX w. Pierwsza wzmianka o nowszej budowli pochodzi z opowieści z 1729 o pojedynku na szpady, który tam się rozegrał. Bohaterami tego wydarzenia odbywającego się podczas dużej uroczystości byli Johann von Stentsch z Przytoku i Siegismund von Stosch ze Starego Kisielina: chodziło o "wyjaśnienie" sporów granicznych.

Mieszkańcy Nowego Kisielina szybko przyjęli naukę protestancką. W 1564 roku miejscowi luteranie przy pomocy funduszów dziedzica Hieronima von Burkesdorfa wybudowali przy kościele drewnianą wieżę, na której zawieszono 2 dzwony. Następnie dołączyły do niej dom parafialny i szkoła. Nabożeństwa w rycie protestanckim były odprawiane w miejscowym kościele aż do 4 III 1654 r., kiedy świątynię ponownie przejęli katolicy. Ostatnim luterańskim diakonem (od 1652) był Johann Nippe, znany zielonogórski dysydent, który musiał pod koniec życia opuścić miasto. Zmarł on na krótko przed przymusowym zwróceniem kościoła. Z powodu niewielkiej liczby katolików, świątynia została kościołem filialnym parafii zielonogórskiej, a msze odprawiano raz na trzy tygodnie. Wspólnota ta nie była w stanie utrzymać budynku i w 1815 r. był już zawalony. W 1818 r. właściciel wsi, Bojanowsky, odkupił materiał z ruiny, a na jej miejscu powstała dzwonnica.

W czasie wojny trzydziestoletniej przebywał (1631) we wsi korpusu szwedzki, który sprowadził zarazę, spalił miejscowość i wymordował część ludności. Podobna sytuacja miała miejsce podczas wojny siedmioletniej: w Nowym Kisielinie przebywał oddział żołnierzy z rosyjskiego korpusu generała Czernyszewa, który zarekwirował żywność i dokonał mordu na kilku mieszkańcach wsi.

W latach 1776–1778 wybudowano z inicjatywy von Stentschów nowy kościół ewangelicki w Przytoku. Wieś stała się od tego czasu siedzibą parafii ewangelickiej, w skład której wchodziły osady: Nowy i Stary Kisielin, Jany oraz, nieco później, Ługowo. Rozwój i modernizację z początków XIX w. (w tym założenie cmentarza i osady Ługowo) wieś zawdzięcza głównie rodzinie Bojanowskych. Z Bojanowskich wywodził się późniejszy starosta powiatowy Wilhelm Ernst, który odziedziczył po ojcu w 1813 roku majątek w Nowym Kisielinie. Był człowiekiem gruntownie wykształconym po odbyciu i kampanii w 1813 roku zajął się gospodarowaniem na omawianych dobrach. W 1843 został on nominowany na stanowisko starosty. Funkcję tę pełnił do 1856 roku. Ten z kolei, w 1888 roku wybudował cały kompleks nowych budynków gospodarczych, które stanęły wokół podwórza majątkowego. W latach 1856–1873 wybudowano drogę lokalną Zielona Góra – Milsko, która przebiegała przez Nowy Kisielin. W 1840 roku wieś posiadała urząd pocztowy, który codziennie obsługiwał dyliżans na trasie Nowy Kisielin – Zabór. W osadzie zorganizowano w 1903 roku kasę bankową. W 1910 roku wybudowano nową rezydencję majątkową tzw. "willę", a w 1914 roku oddano do użytku nowy budynek szkolny. W 1900 osada Nowy Kisielin liczyła 490 mieszkańców, z czego 47 żyło w obszarze dworskim.

Po I wojnie światowej najważniejszym przedsięwzięciem była elektryfikacja przeprowadzona w 1923 r. W 1930 r. rozparcelowano dawny majątek. Ówcześni właściciele, rodzina von Pfeil, pozostawiła sobie po parcelacji pałac i willę. Ostatnim właścicielem dworu była Katharina von Pfeil.

Nowy Kisielin został zajęty przez wojska rosyjskie 14 lutego 1945 roku, a następnie przekazany pod polską administrację. Zarządzenie wojewody poznańskiego z 30 lipca 1945 roku w sprawie zmiany nazwy niemieckich nazw miejscowości nadał wsi nazwę Nowy Kisielin. Wieś została włączona do gminy Racula. Nowy Kisielin został szybko zasiedlony z powodu bliskości miasta i przeprawy przez Odrę. Po zmianach administracyjnych w 1954 roku, gdy zaczęto tworzyć Gromadzkie rady narodowe, Nowy Kisielin wszedł w skład GRN w Starym Kisielinie. Podczas kolejnej reformy, przywrócono gminę Racula. Została ona jednak wkrótce zlikwidowana przez włączenie do gminy Zielona Góra. Liczba mieszkańców Nowego Kisielina wzrosła z 633 w 1976 roku do 927 w 1993. W Nowym Kisielinie nie było w okresie powojennym kościoła z prawdziwego zdarzenia. Obecnie istnieje zaadaptowany na te cele budynek, który spełnia rolę świątyni filialnej p.w. Niepokalanego Serca NMP wchodzącej w skład nowo powstałej parafii w Starym Kisielinie.

Zabytki
Do wojewódzkiego rejestru zabytków wpisane są:
 dzwonnica z 1840 roku
 pałac z XVII/XVIII wieku.

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Dzielnice i osiedla Zielonej Góry


Kevon Looney's senior season was his most rewarding year of high school. It also was his most challenging.
The Milwaukee Hamilton standout had a new coach and was in need of a new wing man after all-City forward David Burrell opted to attend a prep school. That left Looney with a relatively unproven cast of teammates, and it showed early when the Wildcats stumbled to a 2-3 start.
"At the beginning of the year, we were under. 500 and that had never happened to me before and I was a little worried," he said.
Hamilton eventually righted the ship, and with Looney leading the way, won its first Milwaukee City Conference title since 2010. The Wildcats finished the regular season with 14 straight victories before losing to West Allis Central in the regional final.
The UCLA recruit, a 6-foot-9 forward, averaged 27.9 points, 12.7 rebounds, seven assists and eight blocks per game and earned his second player of the year award in the City Conference. His play also was unparalleled statewide as evidenced by the unanimous support he received in winning the state player of the year honor by The Associated Press.
The award adds to the long list of honors for Looney. He also was named Mr. Basketball, which is given to the state's top senior by the Wisconsin Basketball Coaches Association. Gatorade named him its state player of the year. Nationally, he made the McDonald's and Parade All-American teams.
On Wednesday, Looney will play in the McDonald's All-American game at the United Center in Chicago.
"I've been waiting on this game since they announced it," he said. "It's going to be the biggest crowd I've ever played in front of so I'm very excited."
Though Looney was often the tallest player on the floor, he was one of the Wildcats' primary ballhandlers. He could score from anywhere on the floor — he hit three or more three-pointers five times — and, in perhaps the greatest testament to his ability, drew enough fouls to get to the line more than 250 times.
He had 10 30-point games and twice reached 40 points. He scored a season-high 45 in his final prep game.
If you ask Looney, though, he'll say his finest moment was a 76-72 victory on the road over Milwaukee King on Feb. 18 that clinched the City championship. Looney had 26 points that night and was clutch down the stretch.
Twice down in the final 5 minutes, he hit buckets that gave Hamilton the lead. In the final 3½ minutes, he helped seal the victory by assisting another basket and going 4 of 4 from the free-throw line.
"I don't think that was my best individual game, but for the team that was my best game," he said. "When the team needed me most in the fourth (quarter), I think I stepped up pretty good. I showed I had a lot heart, that I was tough and that I can win."
Coach of the year: Kelly Appleby, Brown Deer. The Falcons needed to replace 10 seniors from a team that won 21 games and claimed the Woodland East Division title in 2012-'13. Led by Appleby, a 2000 graduate of Brown Deer, they did that and more, claiming the Woodland East title by five games and storming through the state's best teams to win the WIAA Division 3 title.
Brown Deer is Appleby's first head coaching job and this was just his third season. During that time, the Falcons have employed an up-tempo style that Appleby first tested during his two-year stint as Brown Deer's freshman coach.
"I felt like Brown Deer had an opportunity with the athletes they have that they could push the pace of the game," said Appleby, whose record is 59-18 (.766). "When I became the coach, that is what we tried to do."
Brown Deer entered the post-season unranked, but at the state tournament beat top-ranked Manitowoc Roncalli, 48-45, in the semifinals and knocked off No. 2 Lodi in the final, 59-37.
The Falcons finished 23-5 and won the school's first state title without an abundance of big-name talent. Senior forward Devante Jackson, an honorable mention all-state selection, was Brown Deer's only first-team all-conference pick.
Still, Appleby said he knew early on that this year's Falcons had the potential to accomplish a lot if they could come together.
"That was the primary challenge as we entered the season, getting all the players to feel as if they're a part of a family, to feel as if they're brothers," Appleby said. "I think that took a while for that to happen.... Once they got to like each other and feel like they had a brotherhood, things starting going our direction."
Blake Anderson, sr., Auburndale; Isaac Elliott, sr., Stevens Point Pacelli; Albert Goerlitz, sr., Owen-Withee; Luke Zuiker, sr., Marshfield; Aaron Nixon, sr., Mukwonago; Donovan Jackson, sr., Milwaukee Pius; Levi Bradley, jr., Milwaukee Pius; Darion King, jr., Racine Case; Romeo Bouie, jr., Racine St. Catherine's; Billy Wampler, jr., Eau Claire Regis; Luke Murphy, sr., River Falls; Alex Herink, sr., Hudson; Zac Doll, sr., Elk Mound; Kollin Neils, sr., Plymouth; Tyler Zastrow, sr., Sheboygan Lutheran; Josh Erickson, sr., Manitowoc Roncalli; Nate Neveau, sr., Oshkosh North; Charlie Noone, sr., Oshkosh Lourdes; Tyler DeYoung, jr., Central Wisconsin Christian; Elijah Goodman, sr., Brookfield Central; Jake Showalter, sr., Germantown; Evan Wesenberg, sr., Germantown.
Anthony Carver, jr., Wisconsin Lutheran; Marcus White, sr., Milwaukee Vincent; Devante Jackson, sr., Brown Deer; Malik Clements, sr., Madison West; Nick McGlynn, jr., Stoughton; Turner Moen, sr., Lake Mills; Mark Nelson Jr., sr., Monona Grove; Nick Noskowiak, jr., Sun Prairie; Billy Bull, sr., Fall River; Ty Kartman, sr., Cassville; Alex Mortimer, sr., Richland Center; Isaiah Shell, sr., Albany; Trevor Wendhausen, sr., Mineral Point, Alex Hayden, sr., La Crosse Central; Dalton Soto, sr., Blair-Taylor; Nick Wagner, soph., Gale-Ettrick-Trempealeau; Parker Weber, sr., La Crosse Aquinas; Matt Ferris, sr., Appleton Xavier; DJ DeValk, sr., Little Chute; Cody Schwartz, jr., West De Pere; Nate Neveau, sr., Oshkosh North; Dakota Zinser, sr., Green Bay N.E.W. Lutheran; Cooper Radtke, sr., Oshkosh North.
Mark Stewart is an editor, columnist and reporter covering high school sports.


text:
Teofimo Lopez promises to 'punch right through' George Kambosos in long-delayed first defence
Boxing featured Uncategorized
FEATURE: Tale of a league, pigeonhole constitution and boycotts
PHOTOS: Green Sports Academy stage successful fight night in Ave-Xevi
Oleksandr Usyk explains the "strange" behaviour he observed from Anthony Joshua
'Boxing Has Prospects For Poverty Alleviation' - Dr. Agumenu
Teofimo Lopez promises to 'punch right through' George Kambosos in long-delayed first defence
On the night he became the unified lightweight champion of the world, Teofimo Lopez would never have imagined he would spend over a year on the sidelines.
The American scaled the mountain to dethrone pound-for-pound great Vasiliy Lomachenko and add the WBA (Super) and WBO titles to his IBF belt 13 months ago in Las Vegas.
It was a punch-perfect performance from the then 23-year-old and made him the man to beat in the division. When talk of an immediate rematch with Lomachenko cooled, the IBF ordered Lopez to defend his titles against mandatory challenger George Kambosos.
But then the problems began.
As unified champion, Lopez was unhappy with his promoter's offer to stage the fight. Lopez wanted a bigger pay cheque from Top Rank, but the American promoters refused to budge and Lopez's first title defence went to a purse bid and in a bizarre turn of events Triller, a social media and music streaming service, won the broadcast rights with a huge $6m bid.
Then, after multiple delays that included Lopez having to pull out of a June fight date after contracting Covid-19, the IBF stripped Triller of the rights and awarded them to the second highest bidder, Eddie Hearn's Matchroom. And so it is under the Matchroom banner that Lopez will finally – nine months after the rights were originally awarded – fight this weekend in New York.
"You're only as good as your last performance, but I feel this has been too long of a last performance," Lopez said on BBC Radio 5 Live's Boxing podcast.
"It's been something. During that time I just took the time to really focus on me. I can't believe it though. Nine months? Time flies.
"I'm a little disappointed. I didn't get to fight as many times I had hoped to fight this year."
Now Lopez wants to get back to work and aims to follow the example of Floyd Mayweather, who ended his career a multi-weight world champion and undefeated in 50 fights.
"You've got to have that vision and mindset. A perfect example is Floyd Mayweather," Lopez said.
"The blueprint there is stay focused and dedicated and train like you're broke and you've never had anything. If you can't quite get that, you're losing quick."
On top of the repeated postponements, Lopez became a father just over a week before the fight. "Every time I hold him I'm mesmerised. I'm going to make it quick so I can come back to my son," the New Yorker said.
Kambosos will have other ideas. The Australian is unbeaten in 19 pro fights and is four years Lopez's senior at 28.
He is a big underdog against Lopez, especially with the prospect of massive unification fights against the likes of WBC champion Devin Haney and WBA (Regular) champion Gervonta Davis looming for the American in 2022.
"From him, you don't know what you're going to get," Kambosos said. "You get a lot of lies, that's for a fact. It doesn't bother me. He's got all the belts.
"He's the big star at the moment. He's the big celebrity. He's caught up in the big lights. That's fine."
There has been no love lost between the two camps either.
Both fighters share their father's name. Lopez is trained by his dad and Lopez Sr caused a real stir at the workouts on Tuesday when he was involved in a minor melee with Kambosos Sr.
After a lot of pushing and shoving and some colourful language, Lopez Sr was escorted out of the Church St Boxing Gym in Manhattan. But there was then an equally heated press conference on Wednesday which turned into a screaming match at times between the two sides. The Kambosos will be hopeful the fiery build-up is a sign of nerves from the Lopez camp.
Lopez says he is expecting an "all-action packed fight" and has dismissed talk he is thinking of future fights and taking victory over Kambosos for granted.
"It's about the legacy, the glory," he said. "At the end of the day you can't have those big fights without beating the guy that's in front of you first.
"I don't overlook these fighters I face, I look through them. I don't look around them, I look through them. And I punch right through them."
Credit: BBC Sport

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
\section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{M}{ASSIVE}  MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output)\cite{Marzetta10TWC} is one of the key enabling technologies for the fifth-generation (5G) wireless communications, which can bring tremendous advantages in spectral efficiency, energy efficiency, and power control\cite{Marzetta10TWC,Yan21IoTJ}. As a natural extension of Massive MIMO, more elements may be arranged in a small form factor if the element spacing \textcolor{black}{is further reduced} from the half-wavelength, so that the entire array can be regarded as a spatially-continuous electromagnetic aperture in its ultimate form\cite{Pizzo20JSAC}. This type of extended Massive MIMO is named Holographic MIMO\cite{Pizzo20JSAC,Huang20WC}. Meanwhile, analogous to the metasurface concept in the optical domain\cite{Holloway12APM,Sun_JOSA}, the sub-wavelength architecture has the potential to manipulate impinging electromagnetic waves through anomalous reflection, refraction, polarization transformation, among other functionalities, for wireless communication purposes. Therefore, such sort of structure is also referred to as reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), large intelligent surface, etc. In this paper, we use RIS as the blanket term for all the aforementioned two-dimensional (2D) sub-wavelength architectures. In order to unleash the full potentials of the RIS technology \textcolor{black}{which can find wide applications in both terrestrial and aerial communications \cite{Cao21JSAC}}, it is necessary to understand RIS's fundamental properties, among which the associated channel model is of paramount importance since it is the foundation of a multiplicity of aspects in wireless systems including deployment decision, algorithm selection, and performance evaluation\cite{Sun18TVT}.

Despite the upsurge in research interests of RIS, only limited work is available in the open literature on characterizing its channel model, especially the small-scale fading model. A parametric channel model for RIS-empowered systems has been presented in\cite{Basar20LATINCOM}, but without explicit and tractable expressions for the small-scale fading. The authors of \cite{Pizzo20JSAC} have studied the small-scale fading of RIS via wave propagation theories and established a Fourier plane-wave spectral representation of the three-dimensional (3D) stationary small-scale fading. In\cite{Bjornson20WCL}, a spatially-correlated Rayleigh fading model has been derived under isotropic scattering. Nevertheless, the investigation in\cite{Pizzo20JSAC} and \cite{Bjornson20WCL} did not consider the temporal correlation among RIS elements. Moreover, although the spatial degrees of freedom (DoF) for sufficiently dense and large RISs have been well studied\cite{Pizzo20JSAC}, the achievable DoF for more common cases with finite element spacing and aperture areas has received less attention. To fill in these gaps, this paper explores the joint spatial-temporal correlation models and DoF for realistic RISs under isotropic scattering. \textcolor{black}{The main contributions of this paper are two-fold: First, a closed-form four-dimensional (4D) sinc function is derived to describe the joint \textit{spatial-temporal} correlation, rather than the spatial-only correlation in the existing literature. Second, a simple but accurate analytical expression is proposed to quantify the spatial DoF for RISs with \textit{non-infinitesimal element spacing and limited apertures}, which has not been investigated in previous work to our best knowledge but is valuable to channel estimation and beamforming design for RISs\cite{Cao21JSAC,Bjornson20WCL,Sun21RIS}. Mathematical symbols and definitions are given in Table~\ref{tbl:symbol}.}
\begin{table}
	\caption{\textcolor{black}{Mathematical symbols and their definitions}}
	\label{tbl:symbol}
	\textcolor{black}{
	\begin{center}
		\begin{tabular}{|p{0.177\textwidth}||p{0.246\textwidth}|}
			\hline
			Symbol & Definition  \\
			\hline\hline
			Italicized letter, e.g. $a$ and $A$ & Scalar \\  \hline
			Bold lowercase letter, e.g., $\textbf{a}$ & Column vector \\ \hline
			Bold capital letter, e.g., $\textbf{A}$ & Matrix \\ \hline
			Superscript $T$ & Transpose of matrix or vector\\  \hline
			Superscript $H$ & Conjugate transpose of matrix or vector\\  \hline
			mod($a,b$) & Remainder after dividing $a$ by $b$\\  \hline
			$\lfloor a\rfloor$& Nearest integer no larger than $a$ \\  \hline
		\end{tabular}
	\vspace{-2.9em}
	\end{center}}
\end{table}

\section{System Model}
\begin{figure}
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=0.5\columnwidth]{Sun_WCL2021-1297_fig1.eps}
	\caption{The orientation of an RIS and definitions of azimuth and zenith angles with respect to the associated coordinate system.}
	\label{fig:fig1}
	\vspace{-1em}
\end{figure}
We consider an RIS equipped with $N$ elements in a wireless communication system, where the RIS can act as a transmitter, receiver, or interacting object in the propagation environment and can translate in the 3D space. For the purpose of exposition, we focus on the reception mode of the RIS in this paper, but the resultant spatial-temporal correlation models and DoF have more general applicability. The coordinate system and definitions of azimuth and zenith angles are aligned with \cite{38901}, as illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig:fig1}. Without loss of generality, the RIS is assumed to be located in the $xz$ plane, where its horizontal and vertical lengths are $L_x$ and $L_z$, respectively. The motion direction of the RIS is described jointly by the azimuth angle $\varphi$ and zenith angle $\vartheta$ with a moving speed of $||\textbf{v}||$, where

\vspace{-5pt}
\small
\begin{equation}\label{eq:v}
\textbf{v}=v[\text{cos}\varphi\text{sin}\vartheta,\text{sin}\varphi\text{sin}\vartheta,\text{cos}\vartheta]^T.
\vspace{-4pt}
\end{equation}
\normalsize

\noindent When there are $P$ plane waves impinging on the RIS at time instant $t$, the channel at the RIS can be expressed as

\vspace{-0.1in}
\small
\begin{equation}\label{eq:hUR1}
\textbf{h}(t)=\sqrt{N/P}\sum_{p=1}^{P}\alpha_p\textbf{a}(\phi_p,\theta_p)e^{j\frac{2\pi}{\lambda}\textbf{v}^T\textbf{e}_pt}
\vspace{-0.1in}
\end{equation}
\normalsize

\noindent where $\alpha_p$ and $\phi_p (\theta_p)$ denote the complex gain and azimuth (zenith) angle of arrival of the $p$-th plane wave, respectively, $\lambda$ the wavelength, and $\textbf{e}_p=[\text{cos}\phi_p\text{sin}\theta_p,\text{sin}\phi_p\text{sin}\theta_p,\text{cos}\theta_p]^T$. Additionally, $\textbf{a}$ denotes the RIS array response vector

\vspace{-0.1in}
\small
\begin{equation}\label{eq:aR}
\begin{split}
\textbf{a}(\phi,\theta)=&1/\sqrt{N}\Big[1,...,e^{j\frac{2\pi}{\lambda}(x(n)d_x\text{cos}\phi\text{sin}\theta+z(n)d_z\text{cos}\theta)},...,\\
&e^{j\frac{2\pi}{\lambda}(x(N)d_x\text{cos}\phi\text{sin}\theta+z(N)d_z\text{cos}\theta)}\Big]^T
\end{split}
\end{equation}
\normalsize
\noindent where $d_x$ and $d_z$ are the adjacent element spacing of the RIS in the $x$ and $z$ directions, respectively. $x(n)$ and $z(n)$ are respectively the indices in the $x$ and $z$ directions for the $n$-th element, which are calculated as

\vspace{-10pt}
\small
\begin{equation}\label{eq:xz}
\begin{split}
x(n)=\text{mod}(n-1,N_x), z(n)=\lfloor(n-1)/N_x\rfloor
\end{split}
\end{equation}
\vspace{-15pt}
\normalsize

\noindent with $N_x$ standing for the number of elements per row. Denote the average attenuation of the $P$ plane waves as $\mu$, then as $P\to\infty$\footnote{\textcolor{black}{Note that although the coordinate system and definitions of azimuth and zenith angles in Fig.~\ref{fig:fig1} comply with the 3GPP TR 38.901\cite{38901}, the channel model in this paper is for isotropic scattering where the number of plane waves approaches infinity, which is also employed in the literature such as \cite{Pizzo20JSAC,Bjornson20WCL}. The DoF derived herein can be regarded as an upper bound among a variety of channel models. Non-isotropic-scattering channel models, such as those defined in \cite{38901}, are left for future work.}}, based on the central limit theorem, the normalized spatial-temporal correlation matrix \small$\textbf{R}(\tau)$ \normalsize is given by

\vspace{-6pt}
\small
\begin{equation}
\textbf{R}(\tau)=\frac{1}{\mu}\mathbb{E}\Big\{\textbf{h}(t)\textbf{h}^H(t+\tau)\Big\}.
\end{equation}
\vspace{-14pt}
\normalsize

\noindent Since $P\to\infty$, the discrete random variables $\phi_p$ and $\theta_p$ become continuous random variables $\phi$ and $\theta$, which are characterized by a certain angular distribution $f(\phi,\theta)$. Consequently, the ($m,n$)-th element of $\textbf{R}(\tau)$ can be expressed as in (\ref{eq:R1}). In the next section, we will conduct further explorations of $\textbf{R}(\tau)$ under isotropic scattering.
\begin{figure*}
	\small
	\begin{equation}\label{eq:R1}
	\begin{split}
	[\textbf{R}(\tau)]_{m,n}=&~N\mathbb{E}\Big\{[\textbf{a}(\phi,\theta)]_m[\textbf{a}^H(\phi,\theta)]_ne^{-j\frac{2\pi}{\lambda}\tau\textbf{v}^T\textbf{e}_p}\Big\}\\
	=&~\mathbb{E}\Big\{e^{j\frac{2\pi}{\lambda}[(x(m)-x(n))d_x\text{cos}\phi\text{sin}\theta+(z(m)-z(n))d_z\text{cos}\theta]}e^{-j\frac{2\pi}{\lambda}v\tau(\text{cos}\phi\text{sin}\theta\text{cos}\varphi\text{sin}\vartheta+\text{sin}\phi\text{sin}\theta\text{sin}\varphi\text{sin}\vartheta+\text{cos}\theta\text{cos}\vartheta)}\Big\}\\
	=&~\int_{0}^{\pi}\int_{0}^{\pi}\Big\{e^{j\frac{2\pi}{\lambda}[((x(m)-x(n))d_x-v\tau\text{cos}\varphi\text{sin}\vartheta)\text{cos}\phi\text{sin}\theta-v\tau\text{sin}\varphi\text{sin}\vartheta\text{sin}\phi\text{sin}\theta+((z(m)-z(n))d_z-v\tau\text{cos}\vartheta)\text{cos}\theta]}f(\phi,\theta)\Big\}d\phi d\theta,\\
	&~m,n=1,...,N
	\end{split}
	\end{equation}
	\rule{\textwidth}{0.4pt}
\end{figure*}
\vspace{-9pt}
\normalsize

\section{Joint Spatial-Temporal Correlation}
For the isotropic scattering environment, the angular distribution function has the following form

\vspace{-7pt}
\small
\begin{equation}
f(\phi,\theta)=\text{sin}(\theta)/(2\pi), ~\phi\in\big[0,\pi\big],\theta\in\big[0,\pi\big]
\end{equation}
\normalsize

\noindent thus (\ref{eq:R1}) can be recast as
\small
\begin{equation}\label{eq:R2}
\begin{split}
[\textbf{R}(\tau)]_{m,n}=&\frac{1}{2\pi}\int_{0}^{\pi}\int_{0}^{\pi}\Big\{\text{exp}\bigg(j\frac{2\pi}{\lambda}[((x(m)-x(n))d_x-\\
&v\tau\text{cos}\varphi\text{sin}\vartheta)\text{cos}\phi\text{sin}\theta-v\tau\text{sin}\varphi\text{sin}\vartheta\text{sin}\phi\text{sin}\theta+\\
&((z(m)-z(n))d_z-v\tau\text{cos}\vartheta)\text{cos}\theta]\bigg)\text{sin}\theta\Big\}d\phi d\theta,\\
&m,n=1,...,N
\end{split}
\end{equation}
\normalsize

\noindent \textbf{Proposition 1.} \textit{With isotropic scattering in the half-space in front of the RIS, the joint spatial-temporal correlation matrix $\textbf{R}(\tau)$ is given by} \textcolor{black}{(please see the Appendix for its proof)}

\vspace{-5pt}
\small
	\begin{equation}\label{eq:R3}
	\begin{split}
	[\textbf{R}(\tau)]_{m,n}=&\text{sinc}\bigg(\frac{2||\textbf{d}_m-\textbf{d}_n-\tau\textbf{v}||}{\lambda}\bigg),~m,n=1,...,N
	\end{split}
	\end{equation}
\normalsize

\noindent \textit{where $\text{sinc}(x)=\frac{\text{sin}(\pi x)}{\pi x}$ is the sinc function, $\textbf{d}_m$ and $\textbf{d}_n$ denote the coordinates of the $m$-th and $n$-th RIS element, respectively, and $\textbf{v}$ is provided in (\ref{eq:v}).}

As unveiled by Proposition 1, the joint spatial-temporal correlation among RIS elements is characterized by a 4D (the 3D space plus the time dimension) sinc function, from which the following observations can be made. First, the correlation is minimal only for some element spacing, instead of between any two elements, thus the i.i.d. Rayleigh fading model is not applicable in such a system, which is consistent with the conclusions made in \cite{Pizzo20JSAC,Bjornson20WCL}. Second, distinct from the situation in \cite{Bjornson20WCL} without temporal correlation statistics, the correlation in (\ref{eq:R3}) depends upon the spatial and temporal domains jointly. More specifically, the correlation is low when $||\textbf{d}_m-\textbf{d}_n-\tau\textbf{v}||$ is equal or close to integer multiples of half-wavelength, and reaches the maximum when $\textbf{d}_m-\textbf{d}_n=\tau\textbf{v}$, i.e., it is possible for two relatively distant elements to have high spatial-temporal correlation if the difference of their coordinate vectors aligns with the speed vector multiplied by the time interval. Physically, the $m$-th element arrives at the current location of the $n$-th element after traveling time interval $\tau$, hence it \grqq{sees}" the same channel as the $n$-th element at the current time instant. This observation is quite different from the spatial-only case where high correlation is usually yielded merely by closely-spaced elements. Additionally, the rank of $\textbf{R}(\tau=0)$ can be characterized by its non-trivial eigenvalues. The i.i.d. Rayleigh fading channel has non-trivial eigenvalues whose amount equals the number of antenna elements deployed, while the correlated channel has fewer dominant eigenvalues and smaller rank. Besides, if focusing on the correlation in the time domain only by setting $m=n$, then (\ref{eq:R3}) reduces to $\text{sinc}\Big(\frac{2||\tau\textbf{v}||}{\lambda}\Big)=\text{sinc}\big(\frac{2\tau v}{\lambda}\big)$, implying that the temporal correlation for a given RIS element is characterized by a one-dimensional sinc function which is independent of the motion direction. If defining the decorrelation time $\tau_\text{decor}$ as the time when the absolute correlation value drops to $1/e$ and remains within $1/e$ afterwards\cite{Sun17SmallScale}, then $\tau_\text{decor}\approx0.35\lambda/v$. Assuming $\lambda=0.1$ m (corresponding to 3 GHz carrier frequency) and $v=1$ m/s, then $\tau_\text{decor}\approx35$ ms, which is around 70 slots with a typical slot duration of 0.5 ms\cite{38211}, implying the need for infrequent channel information updates.

\section{Spatial Degrees of Freedom}
As a special case of (\ref{eq:R3}), the spatial-only correlation can be attained by setting $v\tau/\lambda=0$. Fig.~\ref{fig:fig2} illustrates the small-scale spatial correlation among the RIS elements and the eigenvalues of $\textbf{R}(\tau=0)$ at a certain time instant with $L_x=L_z=4\lambda$ and $d_x=d_z=\lambda/8$, in which the left plot shows the pattern of the spatial-only sinc function, with $\delta_x$ and $\delta_z$ denoting respectively the horizontal and vertical distances in meters between RIS elements. It is evident from Fig.~\ref{fig:fig2} that the small-scale spatial correlation is high when the element spacing is noticeably smaller than the half-wavelength. If defining the decorrelation distance $d_\text{decor}$ in a similar way to the decorrelation time\cite{Sun17SmallScale}, then $d_\text{decor}\approx0.35\lambda$ in this case. Furthermore, as shown by the right plot of Fig.~\ref{fig:fig2}, the eigenvalues are highly unevenly distributed and the number of dominant eigenvalues is small compared to the total number of elements, unlike the i.i.d. Rayleigh fading channel. These observations corroborate the fact that the i.i.d. Rayleigh fading model should not be employed for the RIS even in an isotropic scattering environment\cite{Pizzo20JSAC,Bjornson20WCL}. In fact, the rank can be estimated as $\big\lfloor\frac{\pi L_xL_z}{\lambda^2}\big\rfloor$ for a sufficiently dense and large RIS\cite{Pizzo20JSAC}, which equals 50 in this case. The dominant $\big\lfloor\frac{\pi L_xL_z}{\lambda^2}\big\rfloor$ eigenvalues contain about $82\%$ of the total channel power herein.
\begin{figure}
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=1.09\columnwidth]{Sun_WCL2021-1297_fig2.eps}
	\caption{Spatial correlation among RIS elements (left) and eigenvalues of $\textbf{R}(\tau=0)$ in non-increasing order (right) under isotropic scattering, with $L_x=L_z=4\lambda$ and $d_x=d_z=\lambda/8$.}
	\label{fig:fig2}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=1.07\columnwidth]{Sun_WCL2021-1297_fig3.eps}
	\caption{Eigenvalues of $\textbf{R}(\tau=0)$ in non-increasing order for various $L_x$ and $L_z$ (left), and ratios of rank of $\textbf{R}(\tau=0)$ to $\frac{L_xL_z}{\lambda^2}$ versus $\frac{L_xL_z}{\lambda^2}$ (right), with $L_x=L_z$ and $d_x=d_z=\lambda/2$.}
	\label{fig:rankVsArea}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=1.04\columnwidth]{Sun_WCL2021-1297_fig4.eps}
	\caption{Eigenvalues of $\textbf{R}(\tau=0)$ in non-increasing order for various $d_x$ and $d_z$ with $L_x=L_z=12\lambda$ (left), and ratios of rank of $\textbf{R}(\tau=0)$ to $\lfloor\frac{\pi L_xL_z}{\lambda^2}\rfloor$ versus $\frac{d_xd_z}{\lambda^2}$ for various $L_x$ and $L_z$ (right).}
	\label{fig:fig3}
	\vspace{-1em}
\end{figure}

It is worth noting from the right plot of Fig.~\ref{fig:fig2} that the actual number of dominant eigenvalues, i.e., the spatial DoF or rank beyond which the eigenvalues decay rapidly,  is perceptibly larger than $\big\lfloor\frac{\pi L_xL_z}{\lambda^2}\big\rfloor$ due to the finite size and element spacing of the underlying RIS. Since in practice an RIS usually has non-zero element spacing and non-infinite aperture (even with respect to the wavelength instead of physically), it is meaningful to investigate the actual spatial DoF and its relation with the approximation $\big\lfloor\frac{\pi L_xL_z}{\lambda^2}\big\rfloor$. To this end, we study the eigenvalues and rank $r$ of $\textbf{R}(\tau=0)$ for various $d_x,d_z,L_x$ and $L_z$. First, we examine $r$ for different square RIS\footnote{A square RIS has the lowest spatial DoF among all the rectangular RISs with the same area, thus the result here can serve as a lower bound on the DoF for different shapes of rectangular RISs. The upper bound corresponds to a column or row array occupying the same area.} aperture areas with a half-wavelength spacing. The left plot of Fig.~\ref{fig:rankVsArea} illustrates the eigenvalues for a wide range of $L_x$ and $L_z$, while the asterisk symbols in the right plot of Fig.~\ref{fig:rankVsArea} represent the ratio of the rank to RIS aperture size as a function of  the aperture size for square RISs, which shows that the ratio decreases with the aperture size and approaches $\pi$ for an infinitely large RIS. \textcolor{black}{According to the Lebesgue measure\cite[Eq. (1.2)]{Nowak05CMJ}, $r=\frac{\pi L_xL_z}{\lambda^2}+o(\frac{L_xL_z}{\lambda^2})$.} Inspired by this fact and based on simulation observations, we propose the following heuristic analytical expression to quantify the relation between $r$ and aperture size $\frac{L_xL_z}{\lambda^2}$

\vspace{-2pt}
\small
\begin{equation}\label{eq:Ratio1}
\begin{split}
r=&~\textcolor{black}{\frac{\pi L_xL_z}{\lambda^2}+4.4\Big(\frac{L_xL_z}{\lambda^2}\Big)^{0.55}=}\frac{L_xL_z}{\lambda^2}\bigg(\pi+4.4\Big(\frac{L_xL_z}{\lambda^2}\Big)^{-0.45}\bigg),\\
&~L_x=L_z,d_x=d_z=\frac{\lambda}{2} \raisetag{1.2\baselineskip}
\end{split}
\end{equation}
\normalsize

\noindent \textcolor{black}{which} is represented by the solid curve in the right plot of Fig.~\ref{fig:rankVsArea} and matches the simulated values very well. \textcolor{black}{The following insights can be drawn from (\ref{eq:Ratio1}): First, the term $o(\frac{L_xL_z}{\lambda^2})$ in the Lebesgue measure turns out to be $4.4\big(\frac{L_xL_z}{\lambda^2}\big)^{0.55}$ herein, where $4.4$ and $0.55$ are obtained via numerical optimization, and it makes sense for the exponent to be smaller than $1$ since $o(\frac{L_xL_z}{\lambda^2})/\frac{\pi L_xL_z}{\lambda^2}$ should approach $0$ as $\frac{L_xL_z}{\lambda^2}\to\infty$. Second, $r/\frac{L_xL_z}{\lambda^2}$ approaches $\pi$ only if $\frac{L_xL_z}{\lambda^2}\to\infty$, while it is obviously greater than $\pi$ for finite $\frac{L_xL_z}{\lambda^2}$, since the theoretical limit $\frac{\pi L_xL_z}{\lambda^2}$ is derived only for infinitely large RISs hence the error increases as the RIS aperture decreases. Moreover, $r/\frac{L_xL_z}{\lambda^2}$ is larger than $\pi$ by the term $4.4\big(\frac{L_xL_z}{\lambda^2}\big)^{-0.45}$, i.e., $r/\frac{L_xL_z}{\lambda^2}$ decreases with $\frac{L_xL_z}{\lambda^2}$ at a rate proportional to $\frac{L_xL_z}{\lambda^2}$ raised to the power of $0.45$.}

Next, we study the rank for a given RIS aperture size with varying element spacing. The left plot of Fig.~\ref{fig:fig3} depicts the eigenvalues for a plurality of $d_x$ and $d_z$ with a given aperture size of $L_x=L_z=12\lambda$ as an example, where decreasing $d_x$ and/or $d_z$ is equivalent to increasing the number of elements $N$ at the RIS. The following key remarks can be made:
\vspace{-2.5pt}
\begin{itemize}[leftmargin=*]
	\item The spatial DoF (i.e., the number of dominant eigenvalues) does not increase with $N$ indefinitely, and on the contrary, it declines with $N$ when $d_x$ and/or $d_z$ becomes smaller than the half-wavelength. This phenomenon is likely ascribed to the growing spatial correlation among the RIS elements as $N$ increases, and the effect of this spatial correlation surpasses the potential extra DoF brought by the additional elements.
	\item The theoretical limit $\big\lfloor\frac{\pi L_xL_z}{\lambda^2}\big\rfloor$ \textcolor{black}{for sufficiently dense and large RISs} acts as a lower bound on the spatial DoF when $d_x$ and $d_z$ are no larger than the half-wavelength, and is tight when $d_x$ and $d_z$ approach zero.
	\item The absolute values of the eigenvalues increase with $N$ as expected, since a larger $N$ gives rise to higher array gain.
\end{itemize}

\noindent It holds practical relevance to quantify the spatial DoF for realistic, non-infinite values of $d_x,d_z,L_x$ and $L_z$. Therefore, we now investigate the relation between the spatial DoF (i.e., rank of $\textbf{R}(\tau=0)$) and the theoretical limit $\big\lfloor\frac{\pi L_xL_z}{\lambda^2}\big\rfloor$ for different aperture sizes and element spacing of the RIS. The simulated values of the ratio $\rho$ of the rank to $\lfloor\frac{\pi L_xL_z}{\lambda^2}\rfloor$ versus $\frac{d_xd_z}{\lambda^2}$ are represented by discrete symbols in the right plot of Fig.~\ref{fig:fig3} for aperture sizes of $16\lambda^2,64\lambda^2$, and $144\lambda^2$, respectively, which reveals that $\rho$ varies with $\frac{d_xd_z}{\lambda^2}$ in a 2D parabolic-like manner for a given aperture size, and approaches $1$ as $\frac{d_xd_z}{\lambda^2}$ approximates $0$. We put forward the following heuristic formula  to compute the rank (i.e., spatial DoF)

\vspace{-8pt}
\small
\begin{equation}\label{eq:Ratio2}
\begin{split}
\text{Rank}=&\bigg\lfloor\frac{\pi L_xL_z}{\lambda^2}\bigg\rfloor\Bigg(1+\bigg(\frac{bd_xd_z}{\lambda^2}\bigg)^{\frac{1}{4}}\Bigg),~d_x\leq\frac{\lambda}{2},d_z\leq\frac{\lambda}{2}
\end{split}
\end{equation}
\vspace{-7pt}
\normalsize

\noindent where \textcolor{black}{the exponent $\frac{1}{4}$ stems from the joint parabolic terms $(d_x/\lambda)^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $(d_z/\lambda)^{\frac{1}{2}}$.} The coefficient $b=4\big(r\big/\big\lfloor\pi L_xL_z/\lambda^2\big\rfloor-1\big)^4$ \textcolor{black}{relying} only on the aperture size with $r$ given by (\ref{eq:Ratio1}), \textcolor{black}{and is obtained by setting $\frac{d_xd_z}{\lambda^2}=\frac{1}{4}$ and $\text{Rank}=r$ in (\ref{eq:Ratio2}).} The accuracy of (\ref{eq:Ratio2}) is evaluated through comparison with the simulated results, shown in the right plot of Fig.~\ref{fig:fig3}, where the analytical values are limned by the dashed and/or dotted curves. It is evident from the right plot of Fig.~\ref{fig:fig3} that the analytical expression can well characterize the actual rank.
\vspace{-10pt}
\section{Numerical Results \textcolor{black}{for Spatial-Temporal Correlation}}
Simulations are performed to more thoroughly inspect the small-scale spatial-temporal correlation behavior among the RIS elements. In the simulations, $L_x=L_z=4\lambda,d_x=d_z=\lambda/8$, so that $N_x=33,N=N_x^2$, unless otherwise specified. \textcolor{black}{The colorbars in Figs.~\ref{fig:fig4}-\ref{fig:fig6} represent the spatial-temporal correlation coefficient.}

The joint spatial-temporal correlation pattern when the RIS moves along the $x$ direction is depicted in Fig.~\ref{fig:fig4}, where the top horizontal slice manifests the spatial-only correlation equivalent to the left plot of Fig.~\ref{fig:fig2}, while the vertical slices delineate the joint spatial-temporal correlation along the $x$ direction for multiple samples at the $z$ direction. As shown by the vertical slice at $\delta_z/\lambda=0$, the strongest correlation occurs when $\delta_x/\lambda=v\tau/\lambda$, and generally decreases accompanied with oscillation, as precisely described by the sinc function in (\ref{eq:R3}). If collectively looking at the correlation pattern across multiple $z$ positions at $\delta_x/\lambda=4$, we can see that it is also sinc-like behavior which resembles that of the top horizontal slice, indicating the equivalence between spatial and temporal shifts, i.e., the correlation distribution at $\delta_x/\lambda=0$ and $v\tau/\lambda=0$ is equivalent to that at $\delta_x/\lambda=4$ and $v\tau/\lambda=4$ if the motion direction of the RIS aligns with the $x$ axis. Due to the rotational invariant resultant from the isotropy nature of the scattering, it is anticipated that the correlation pattern remains the same if the RIS moves along the $z$ direction with an exchange of $\delta_x/\lambda$ and $\delta_z/\lambda$ axes in Fig.~\ref{fig:fig4}.
\begin{figure}
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=0.9\columnwidth]{Sun_WCL2021-1297_fig5.eps}
	\caption{Joint spatial-temporal correlation among RIS elements under isotropic scattering. The RIS moving direction is along the $x$ axis.}
	\label{fig:fig4}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=0.9\columnwidth]{Sun_WCL2021-1297_fig6.eps}
	\caption{Joint spatial-temporal correlation among RIS elements under isotropic scattering. The RIS moving direction is along the $y$ axis.}
	\label{fig:fig5}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=0.9\columnwidth]{Sun_WCL2021-1297_fig7.eps}
	\caption{Joint spatial-temporal correlation among RIS elements under isotropic scattering. The RIS moving direction is $\varphi=\pi/36, \vartheta=4\pi/9$.}
	\label{fig:fig6}
\end{figure}

Fig.~\ref{fig:fig5} displays the spatial-temporal correlation when the motion direction of the RIS is perpendicular to its surface. As evident from Fig.~\ref{fig:fig5}, the temporal correlation matches the spatial correlation if $v\tau/\lambda=\delta_x/\lambda$ or $v\tau/\lambda=\delta_z/\lambda$, in other words, there is no extra correlation induced by the movement of the RIS. This is because the moving direction is normal to the RIS hence incurring no correlation among the RIS elements. A more general case with the moving angles $\varphi=5^\circ,\vartheta=80^\circ$ is demonstrated in Fig.~\ref{fig:fig6}, which shows that the joint spatial-temporal correlation bears a resemblance to a weighted combination of the correlation patterns in Figs.~\ref{fig:fig4} and~\ref{fig:fig5}, since the motion direction can be regarded as a linear combination along the orthogonal directions in those two figures. \textcolor{black}{Particularly, the correlation in the $\delta_z/\lambda=0$ plane is weaker than that at the corresponding positions in Fig.~\ref{fig:fig4} but stronger than in Fig.~\ref{fig:fig5}, and gradually decreases along the $\delta_x/\lambda=v\tau/\lambda$ direction instead of remaining constant, attributed to the non-zero angle between the motion direction and the RIS facet.}

\vspace{-13.5pt}
\section{Conclusion}
\vspace{-3pt}
In this paper, we have derived a tractable analytical expression for the joint small-scale spatial-temporal correlation among the elements of a moving RIS under isotropic scattering, and a heuristic and accurate formula to characterize the achievable spatial DoF for square RISs with practical thus finite element spacing and aperture sizes. The joint spatial-temporal correlation can be modeled by a 4D sinc function. The contributions and observations in this paper can provide enlightenment on the proper exploitation of the RIS technology in the next-generation wireless communications. Future work will study the spatial-temporal correlation and other features of RISs under non-isotropic scattering.
\vspace{-6pt}
\section*{\textcolor{black}{Appendix}}
\vspace{-5pt}
\textcolor{black}{\textit{Proof for Proposition 1}: It is noteworthy that (\ref{eq:R2}) applies when the RIS is located in parallel with the $xz$ plane, so that the $y$ coordinate of any RIS element is the same hence canceled out when subtracting one from another. Nevertheless, in more general cases where the RIS is arbitrarily oriented, (\ref{eq:R2}) can be extended to}

\vspace{-10pt}
\small
\textcolor{black}{
\begin{equation}\label{eq:R4}
\begin{split}
[\textbf{R}(\tau)]_{m,n}=&1/(2\pi)\int_{0}^{\pi}\int_{0}^{\pi}\big\{\exp\big(j2\pi/\lambda[((x(m)-x(n))d_x-\\
&v\tau\text{cos}\varphi\text{sin}\vartheta)\text{cos}\phi\text{sin}\theta+((y(m)-y(n))d_y-\\
&v\tau\text{sin}\varphi\text{sin}\vartheta)\text{sin}\phi\text{sin}\theta+((z(m)-z(n))d_z-\\
&v\tau\text{cos}\vartheta)\text{cos}\theta]\big)\text{sin}\theta\big\}d\phi d\theta \raisetag{2.2\baselineskip}
\end{split}
\end{equation}}
\vspace{-9pt}
\normalsize

\noindent \textcolor{black}{where $y(n)$ is the index in the $y$ direction for the $n$-th element. Due to the isotropy of the scattering environment, the RIS can be rotated to result in a new set of coordinates $\{\tilde{x}(n),\tilde{y}(n),\tilde{z}(n),\tilde{d}_x,\tilde{d}_y,\tilde{d}_z\}$, based on which (\ref{eq:R4}) can be transformed to}

\vspace{-0.1in}
\small
\textcolor{black}{
\begin{equation}\label{eq:R5}
\begin{split}
[\textbf{R}(\tau)]_{m,n}=&1/(2\pi)\int_{0}^{\pi}\int_{0}^{\pi}\big\{\exp\big(j2\pi/\lambda[((\tilde{x}(m)-\tilde{x}(n))\tilde{d}_x-\\
&v\tau\text{cos}\varphi\text{sin}\vartheta)\text{cos}\phi\text{sin}\theta+((\tilde{y}(m)-\tilde{y}(n))\tilde{d}_y-\\
&v\tau\text{sin}\varphi\text{sin}\vartheta)\text{sin}\phi\text{sin}\theta+((\tilde{z}(m)-\tilde{z}(n))\tilde{d}_z-\\
&v\tau\text{cos}\vartheta)\text{cos}\theta]\big)\text{sin}\theta\big\}d\phi d\theta \raisetag{2.2\baselineskip}
\end{split}
\end{equation}}
\vspace{-7pt}
\normalsize

\noindent \textcolor{black}{The rotation angles can be selected such that $(\tilde{x}(m)-\tilde{x}(n))\tilde{d}_x-v\tau\text{cos}\varphi\text{sin}\vartheta=0$ and $(\tilde{y}(m)-\tilde{y}(n))\tilde{d}_y-v\tau\text{sin}\varphi\text{sin}\vartheta=0$, the expression in (\ref{eq:R5}) thus simplifies to}

\vspace{-0.1in}
\small
\textcolor{black}{
\begin{equation}\label{eq:R6}
\begin{split}
[\textbf{R}(\tau)]_{m,n}=&1/(2\pi)\int_{0}^{\pi}\int_{0}^{\pi}\big\{\exp\big(j2\pi/\lambda||\textbf{d}_m-\textbf{d}_n-\tau\textbf{v}||\text{cos}\theta]\big)\\
&\times\text{sin}\theta\big\}d\phi d\theta\\
\stackrel{(a)}{=}&\frac{\text{sin}\big(\frac{2\pi}{\lambda}||\textbf{d}_m-\textbf{d}_n-\tau\textbf{v}||\big)}{\frac{2\pi}{\lambda}||\textbf{d}_m-\textbf{d}_n-\tau\textbf{v}||} \raisetag{2.5\baselineskip}
\end{split}
\end{equation}}
\vspace{-5pt}
\normalsize

\noindent \textcolor{black}{where $(a)$ follows by employing Euler's formula.}

\ifCLASSOPTIONcaptionsoff
  \newpage
\fi
\vspace{- 6pt}
\bibliographystyle{IEEEtran}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Moderna Vaccine's Protection Does Not Wane After 6 Months: Report
Moderna Inc. announced on Thursday that the potency of its vaccine does not dim in the first six months after the second dose.
The news came in a statement that contained little actual data, but the findings may comfort the 63 million Americans who have received two doses of the Moderna vaccine as the highly contagious Delta variant rips through swaths of the country where vaccination rates are low.
Moderna's report came from a new analysis of its ongoing clinical trial, which started in late July 2020 and recruited 30,000 volunteers. Last November, the company announced that the vaccine had an impressive efficacy of 94.1 percent. That effectiveness didn't drop much after six months, the company reported Thursday.
"We are pleased that our COVID-19 vaccine is showing durable efficacy of 93 percent through six months, but recognize that the Delta variant is a significant new threat so we must remain vigilant," Moderna CEO Stéphane Bancel said in the statement.
However, it wasn't clear whether the trial data extended into more recent months when the Delta variant became dominant, the Times reported.
In June, Moderna detailed an experiment in which its researchers tested antibodies from people who received their vaccine against the Delta variant. They found the antibodies were moderately less effective at blocking the variant from infecting cells.
Last week, Pfizer reported that its vaccine's durability also held up after six months. The vaccine's efficacy started at 96.2% for the first two months after the second dose, and dropped to 83.7 percent at six months.
The FDA is expected to give full approval to the Pfizer vaccine in September. Moderna filed for final approval of its vaccine on June 1, and expects to complete its submission in August, the Times reported.
Moderna said in its statement Thursday that in lab experiments of human blood cells, booster shots increased the number of coronavirus antibodies, suggesting that if its vaccine does weaken in future months, a booster would shore up protection. Moderna's clinical trials have also shown robust antibody responses after booster shots, the company added.
Full approval of Pfizer vaccine could come in September
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is speeding up its timetable for full approval of the Pfizer coronavirus vaccine, hoping to complete the process by early September.
President Joe Biden said last week that he expected a fully approved vaccine in early fall, but the FDA's unofficial deadline is Labor Day or sooner, according to multiple people familiar with the plan, The New York Times reported. The agency said in a statement that its leaders recognized that full approval might counter vaccine hesitancy and had "taken an all-hands-on-deck approach" to completing full approval.
The move could help boost vaccination rates at a moment when the highly transmissible Delta variant is driving up the number of new cases across the country.
A number of universities and hospitals, the Defense Department and at least one major city, San Francisco, are expected to mandate vaccines once one is fully approved. Final approval could help clarify legal issues about mandates, the Times reported.
Federal regulators have been under growing public pressure to fully approve Pfizer's vaccine ever since the company filed its application on May 7.
"I just have not sensed a sense of urgency from the FDA on full approval," Dr. Ashish Jha, dean of the Brown University School of Public Health in Rhode Island, told the Times on Tuesday. "And I find it baffling, given where we are as a country in terms of infections, hospitalizations and deaths."
Moderna, the second most widely used vaccine in the United States, filed for final approval of its vaccine on June 1. But the company is still submitting data and has not said when it will finish, the Times reported. Johnson & Johnson, the third vaccine authorized for emergency use, has not yet applied for full approval, but plans to do so later this year.
Although 192 million Americans -- 58 percent of the total population and 70 percent of the nation's adults -- have received at least one shot, many Americans remain vulnerable, data from the U.S Centers for Disease Control and Prevention show. The country is averaging nearly 86,000 new infections a day, an increase of 142 percent in just two weeks, according to a Times database.
Full approval for a vaccine typically requires the FDA to review hundreds of thousands of pages of documents -- roughly 10 times the data required to authorize a vaccine on an emergency basis. The agency can usually complete a priority review within six to eight months and was already working on an expedited timetable for the Pfizer vaccine, the Times reported.
What are regulators looking for? They want to see real-world data on how the vaccine has been working since they authorized it for emergency use in December, the Times reported. That means verifying the company's data on vaccine efficacy and immune responses, reviewing how efficacy or immunity might wane, examining new infections in clinical trial participants, reviewing adverse reactions and inspecting manufacturing plants. Officials have said the government is also tracking breakthrough infections among tens of thousands of vaccinated people.
At the same time, senior officials at the FDA and other agencies are debating whether at least some people who are already vaccinated will need booster shots. Senior administration officials increasingly believe that vulnerable populations like those with compromised immune systems and older people will need them, the Times reported.
A decision to fully approve Pfizer's vaccine will give doctors more freedom to prescribe additional shots for certain Americans, including those with weakened immune systems, the Times reported.
Roughly 3 percent of Americans -- or about 10 million people -- have compromised immune systems as a result of cancer, organ transplants or other medical conditions, according to the CDC. While studies indicate that the vaccines work well for some, other people do not produce enough of an immune response to protect them from the actual virus.
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has more on COVID-19.
SOURCES: The New York Times; Associated Press
Travel Safety: Misc.
Travel: Abroad
Travel: Misc.
Travel: U.S.


text:
Glenelly founder receives lifetime award
Posted on Jul 27, 2017 Jul 27, 2017 by TheWineGirlCapeTown
Left: The 2017 IWC Lifetime Achievement Award presented to May de Lencquesaing of Glenelly Estate in Stellenbosch
Middle: May de Lencquesaing holding her IWC Lifetime Achievement Award, flanked on the left by Tim Atkin (MW and co-chairman of the IWC) and Charles Metcalfe (co-founder of the IWC)
Right: May de Lencquesaing making her acceptance speech, with her grandson Arthur de Lencquesaing beside her
May-Eliane de Lencquesaing was born in Miailhe, Bordeaux on 17 May 1925 is an absolute role model! Her husband passed away and instead of sulking, she moved to South Africa, bought a winefarm and built a legacy. #itsnevertoolatetoliveyourdream
Honouring a career spanning over 40 years, May de Lencquesaing, 'Grande Dame' of Glenelly Wine Estate in Stellenbosch, has been awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award at this year's International Wine Challenge (IWC) Awards.
This is not the only award she has won…
President of the International Wine & Spirit Competition (IWSC) (1993) and subsequently Vice President for Life
Decanter Woman of the Year – first French woman to receive the award (1994)
Médaille de la Jeunesse et des Sports, from the Ministry of Youth and Sports (1999) Médaille du Mérite Colonial (2003)
Edouard Cointreau Award for her book "Vivant, je suis!" dit le vin (2004)
Lifetime Achievement Award from the Bacchus Society of America (2005)
ArtVinum Award in the category 'Lifetime Achievement', Stuttgart, Germany (2007)
Officier de la Légion d'Honneur (2011)
Officier de l'Ordre du Mérite Agricole (2016)
Honorary Membership of the Pinotage Association for her life-long exceptional contribution to the world of wine (2017)
Lifetime Achievement Award at the International Wine Challenge (IWC) (2017)
A member of the Academy of Science, Letters and Arts of Bordeaux
Yeah, that's a pretty long list! The ceremony for the IWC awards took place on 6th July at the Hilton Park Lane in London in front of a sell-out audience of winemakers, restaurateurs, trade and press from across the globe who gave May de Lencquesaing a standing ovation.
The IWC Lifetime Achievement Award honours a person within the trade who has shown dedication and commitment, and has made a significant difference to the global wine industry. Now in its 34th year, the IWC is widely regarded as one of the world's finest and most meticulously judged wine competitions.
May de Lencquesaing, on first hearing she was to receive this prestigious award, commented,
"I am honoured to be chosen by the IWC for this award. Wine has always been an incredibly important part of my journey throughout my life, and it's humbling to be recognised in this way. Growing up and living in Bordeaux has been a great chance to learn and better understand wine and the people who make it. Although investing in South Africa in my late 70's was certainly a real challenge, I had a very clear vision of what I wanted to create and couldn't pass on the opportunity. It has been my absolute joy to see Glenelly thrive and prosper as I envisioned all those years ago. It's such an exciting time for South Africa and we are so happy to be part of an international wine culture where our wines are taken as seriously as the most revered wines in the world."
Tim Atkin, Master of Wine and co-chairman of the International Wine Challenge, paid tribute to May at the Awards ceremony,
"The winner of our Lifetime Achievement Award today is often described as 'formidable', both in English and French. Now into her tenth decade, with ten grandchildren and ten great grandchildren to match, she remains a considerable force of nature… Anyone who has been lucky enough to drink a bottle of the legendary 1982 Pichon Lalande and to see the foundations she laid at the Château will recognise what she achieved in Bordeaux; anyone who has tasted recent vintages of her Glenelly Lady May red will recognise what she has achieved in South Africa. Few people make such a mark on two continents."
You can watch the video of the speeches here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=20sK2ePmdEo
More about May…
May de Lencquesaing is a member of one of Bordeaux's oldest wine families, the Miailhe, whose place in the wine industry dates back to the end of the 18th century. Owners of the famous Château Pichon Longueville Comtesse de Lalande, they also owned or partly owned several other great Bordeaux châteaux, including Siran, Ducru-Beaucaillou and Palmer. Having spent many years travelling the globe with her late husband General Hervé de Lencquesaing, May took the helm of the family business in 1978. After a hugely successful tenure as head of Pichon Lalande, where she became affectionately known as 'La Generale', she sold the Château to Champagne Louis Roederer in 2007 to concentrate on her new wine estate in South Africa.
May de Lencquesaing, always a pioneer, had visited South Africa several times and recognised the great potential to grow world-class wines with the right microclimate. With this belief, in 2003 aged 78, she started a new adventure on South African soil when she bought Glenelly Estate on the lower slopes of the Simonsberg Mountain in Stellenbosch. She replanted the former fruit farm to pristine vineyards, built a state-of-the-art winery, a tasting centre, a museum for her precious glass collection and a school for the children on the farm, and began producing a highly-acclaimed range of wines.
Today, 14 years later, alongside her two grandsons Nicolas Bureau and Arthur de Lencquesaing (the 8th generation of vintners and wine producers), they are reshaping Glenelly into one of South Africa's pre-eminent estates, intrinsically linking themselves to South Africa's success story. After closing to the public for a year for extensive renovations, Glenelly re-opened at the end of 2016 as a world-class winelands destination, including a hospitable bistro, a tasting room with spectacular views, a stylish new presentation of May's unique glass collection, and a refreshed wine brand that better conveys the three key elements that define their award-winning wines: power, elegance and balance.


When the installed base of any IT product tops 20 million, that spells opportunity. And that's exactly what APC by Schneider Electric partners have when it comes to uninterruptible power supply (UPS) units.
More than 20 million APC single-phase UPSs are installed worldwide. We estimate some 800,000 of them are approaching the end of their battery life. For partners, that represents a prime opportunity to strike up a conversation with customers that can lead to not only more UPS sales, but maintenance contracts and perhaps lots more.
The discussion can focus around at least three topics, beginning with the benefits of managing UPSs. The APC by Schneider Electric Smart-UPS line of UPSs have a comprehensive alphanumeric LCD display which provides real-time status updates and alerts when battery life is getting low. The devices have a smart slot where customers can install the APC Network Management Card (NMC), which enables secure monitoring and control of the UPS via web browser or any management system that supports SNMP, the most common network management protocol. Customers can remotely manage the devices from a central location – or have a partner do it for them. Customers will then be alerted to issues such as low battery life and will gain greater control over energy use and environmental conditions, with the ability to reboot hung devices and schedule the shut down of connected devices or entire UPSs during an extended outage or non-business hours.
All APC by Schneider Electric UPSs have a low-battery warning indicator light, but often the systems are stashed behind a desk, in a rack or in a server room where the blinking light just blends in with so many others. If the UPS isn't managed, the customer may never know the battery is on its last legs until it's too late. Partners can help do the work to find out which systems are at or near end of life.
Another talking point partners can raise gets to changes in the customer environment in the years since the UPSs were installed. Perhaps the IT load has increased, meaning the company will get shorter run time off the UPS in the event of an outage. If so, a discussion about larger or additional UPS units is in order. Or maybe the load has become more critical. For example, as customers take advantage of cloud-based applications and resources, the network equipment that provides a connection to the cloud becomes far more critical. Is that equipment properly protected?
With some 800,000 UPSs approaching end of battery life, the time is ripe for partners to get in touch with customers and start to have these conversations. They may well lead to larger conversations around additional data center infrastructure requirements, which I know our partners will be glad to fulfill.


I am 17, A senoir in highschool. WHEWT! 09!!!
I live in central california, Fresno, the most ghetto place on earth!
butts, without feeling too newbish, im good.
Mochikun wrote: YOU HUSBAND RAAPER!
CASS you really busy with school or something?
and in 3 weeks a graduate!! JUNE 8th baby!!


Vanessa Holden is a creative leader with an established track record of creating, launching, extending, and growing global brands. As the former SVP, Creative Director of American lifestyle brand West Elm, Vanessa oversaw the creation of a completely integrated omnichannel brand experience, leading the teams who created all facets of the customers' brand experience.
Vanessa has focused on the art of storytelling through images and words throughout her diverse career in publishing and design. As Senior Vice President and Editor-in-Chief of Martha Stewart Living, Vanessa oversaw the creative and editorial direction of the award-winning magazine and married its visual style with the brand's media and retail segments.
Vanessa recently sat down with us to discuss content consumption, successful and impactful visual storytelling, and changes that affect today's creative operations teams. Watch the full interview.


text:
At least 37 schools in EC have no toilets at all
The province also has the highest number of pit toilets in the country.
Picture: Cindy Archillies/EWN.
Angie Motshekga
Michael Komape
Pit toilet death
Pit toilet
Lumka Mkhethwa
Thando Kubheka | 1408 days ago
JOHANNESBURG - It's emerged at least 37 schools in the Eastern Cape have no toilets at all.
Basic Education Minister Angie Motshekga convened a meeting with education heads in Johannesburg on Thursday as directed by President Cyril Ramaphosa.
The meeting was aimed at coming up with an urgent plan to rid schools of pit toilets in the coming months in the wake of the recent death of five-year-old Lumka Mkhethwa at an Eastern Cape school.
The Education Department's Elijah Mhlanga said: "The biggest problem is the Eastern Cape where they still have about 37 schools without any form of sanitation whatsoever. It also has the largest number of schools that have pit latrines only."
At the same time, Motshekga has dismissed assumptions that her department has been doing little to no work to eradicate pit toilets and improve school infrastructure in the country.
The death of Michael Komape and most recently that of Mkhethwa along with other pupils who have not dominated headlines have raised questions around the work the Basic Education Department has been doing to rid schools of dangerous toilets.
Minister Motshekga says the department has been working to address the problem.
"The report we will give you, will tell you where we started from, how far we are and what were the future plans moving forward."
She says the assumption that her department is only acting after the president's directive is untrue.
"The assumption that we're sitting on gaping toilets and not doing anything is just very unfortunate because it's not true."
The basic education minister says Treasury may have to assist with costs once the department has completed its audit.
(Edited by Winnie Theletsane)


text:
'As welcoming as the shadow under a tree': the new home for the man who built Houston
Houston Endowment headquarters, designed by Kevin Daly Architects with Productora. Photograph: Oliver Wainwright
The endowment founded by developer Jesse Jones – who did much to shape the modern Texas city – has a bold, innovative new HQ based on that classic southern space – the porch
Oliver Wainwright
@ollywainwright
Few figures have shaped the form and fortunes of a city as much as Jesse H Jones moulded Houston's. From the early 1900s, the lumberyard owner turned real estate developer, turned banker and Democrat politician, built more than 35 skyscrapers across the Texan "bayou city". Known as "Mr Houston", Jones was instrumental in securing funds to build the shipping channel that connected the city to the sea, creating an inland port linked to 17 railway lines, transforming its prospects.
As Fortune magazine put it in 1940: "He built Houston up from a one-night stand on Buffalo Bayou into the second-largest and fastest growing metropolis in the south." It is now the fourth biggest city in the US, its port the second busiest in the country. Jones's legacy still towers above the streets: if all of his buildings were placed on top of each other – from the elegant Rice Hotel to the art deco Gulf Tower – they would extend two miles into the sky.
Un-zoned cityscape … aerial view of the new Houston Endowment headquarters. Photograph: Iwan Baan/Iwan Baan, Courtesy Kevin Daly Architects
Now, 66 years since his death, Jones's great fortune has spawned a more subtle architectural addition to Houston's jumbled, un-zoned cityscape. Perched on the brow of a hill overlooking the rolling greenery of Spotts Park, where the bayou wiggles its way to the west of the city, the new Houston Endowment HQ stands as an elegant, low-rise temple to philanthropy. A colonnade of toothpick-slender steel columns rises 12 metres to support a gossamer-thin aluminium canopy that oversails a cluster of white cubic forms, sheltering a staggered series of outdoor terraces from the harsh Texan sunshine. The volumes slide in and out, cantilevered above planted beds, their scalloped surfaces adding depth to the play of shadows cast by the perforated louvres overhead.
"It's essentially a giant back porch," says Kevin Daly, referring to that classic southern domestic social space. The 65-year-old Los Angeles-based architect, who designed the building in collaboration with Mexican office Productora, studied at Houston's Rice University and knows the city well. "We wanted to create the feeling of a relaxed, open relationship to the public, and a place where discussions can spill outdoors."
Jesse Jones and his wife, Mary Gibbs Jones, founded the Houston Endowment in 1937, with a focus on education, healthcare and the arts. They funded the first building for women to live on campus at Rice, as well as hospitals for the Texas Medical Center, and a performing arts centre for the city, completed after Jones's death. Since then, the fund has grown to $2.57bn and now sees around $100m of grants awarded each year to local non-profit organisations, with a focus on public education, civic engagement, arts, parks and social services.
The scale of local council … Houston Endowment headquarters. Photograph: Oliver Wainwright
The Endowment operates almost on the scale of a local council, with dedicated departments for each of its core programmes, from improving parks and playgrounds, to increasing voter participation among immigrant communities, to supporting independent, non-partisan local journalism. But, based in dark wood-panelled offices way up on the 64th floor of the corporate JPMorgan Chase Tower in downtown, the organisation had always lacked a visible public face.
"It had a spectral presence in the city," says Daly. "Everyone knew what it was, but no one knew what it looked like." And those who did visit often felt overwhelmed by the stuffy, rarefied atmosphere, more redolent of an old-school Texan oil company HQ than a progressive funder of charitable community groups.
"It felt like you were in a museum," says Ann Stern, president and CEO of the Houston Endowment since 2012. "It was a sombre, serious space that made you feel like you had to lower your voice. We already have such a power imbalance with the groups that we work with, and the offices made people feel that if they were not old and established, it was no place for them."
By contrast, their new $20m home feels like entering the light-flooded, airy surrounds of a modern art gallery, channelling strains of the city's 1980s Menil Collection by Renzo Piano. In an unusual move for a US office building, the project was procured through an open international competition, organised by London-based Malcolm Reading Consultants, and the rigour of the process is evident in the result. The tight budget has been carefully deployed to create an environment that works hard with minimal means – a testament to Daly's track record with affordable housing and public schools, and Productora's experience with fabricators in Mexico, where much of the metalwork was made.
Big glass doors lead into an 11-metre high atrium, where a broad staircase rises up to open-plan offices and a staff canteen, with an events space off to one side. Bold contemporary works from a diverse array of Houston artists line the walls, while the exposed undersides of cross-laminated timber floor slabs hang overhead, supported by a framework of slim, bolted steel sections. It looks as if the whole thing has been assembled from a lean kit of parts – and could be dismantled and re-used just as easily. At every possible moment, doors spill out on to terraces that overlook the park, making the building feel like a pavilion in a garden.
In summer, the city swelters in 37C heat, with over 90% humidity, making low-energy cooling a challenge. Rather than aim for an ultra high-tech environmental system, which the organisations felt that the Endowment funds would never be able to match, the architects opted for simple, legible measures that could be copied.
"The idea was to make it as welcoming as the shadow under a tree," says Wonne Ickx of Productora. "The best part of Houston is not its architecture, but the incredible canopy of live oaks that covers the city. We're trying to extend that sense of a sheltering canopy."
"Someone should be able to walk in and see how it works," says Daly. There's the canopy for shading, which is covered with solar panels for energy, while simple ceiling fans – manually operable by the occupants – also reduce the amount of air-conditioning needed in summer. In a more techie touch, a series of geothermal wells have been drilled 90 metres below ground, which reduces the demand on cooling in summer and heating in winter. It's basic stuff, but it means that the building operates at net zero carbon for at least three-quarters of the year.
Right-sizing … the Houston Endowment headquarters. Photograph: Oliver Wainwright
"It's not talked about much, but one of the most important environmental aspects is about right-sizing the building," adds Ickx, explaining how the original size of the project was cut down during the design process, going from three floors to two. "We made it as efficient as possible, cutting out excessive facilities, like extra meeting rooms and a gym, which they just didn't need, being right on the edge of the park."
Given the environmental credentials of the building, and the climate-conscious campaigns that the Houston Endowment funds, there appears to be a contradiction in where some of the charitable billions are invested. Will the organisation be divesting its dollars from the climate-wrecking fossil fuel industry – following the likes of the Rockefeller, MacArthur and Ford Foundations?
"No," says Stern. "We're in Texas, and a number of people on our board are from the oil and gas industry. We want to do as well with our investments as we possibly can, so we can put more money back into the community. It may come at some point, but it's going to be an investment decision that causes us to divest."
In a conservative state where renewable energy is still a dirty word among the dominant oil-loyal Republicans, the Endowment is at least trying to send a message in its own architecture. Some may question the use of aluminium for the cladding and canopy, which comes with a high embodied energy cost, although Daly's team assures it has a high recycled content, and a similar carbon footprint to other cladding choices. Perhaps the bigger question, in this post-pandemic world of working from home, is if they actually need such a building?
"With hybrid working, I thought I would only come into the office for the minimum amount of time," says Carlos Villagrana, a programme officer in the education team. "To get to the old office, you had to drive into downtown, park in the garage, and take three escalators and two elevators to get there. But now I find myself looking forward to coming into work every day. I really enjoy the sense of light and space, and it feels like the teams and our organisations all know each other much better now."
The history of Jesse Jones may be confined to a small room behind the reception desk, but his pioneering spirit lives on in this lightweight, low-energy building. Connected to the pedestrian and bike paths of the bayou park, it stands as a progressive beacon that the rest of this sprawling, oil-rich, car-dominated city would do well to learn from.


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