NEW YORK, NY, May 01, 2018 /24-7PressRelease/ — ACT summer camp is now accepting new enrollment for summer camps in New York City for 2018. Summer camp is held on the beautiful 11 acre campus of the Cathedral of St John the Divine, an oasis right the heart of West Harlem, complete with gardens and even peacocks! Young people experience a variety of skill building and fun opportunities to learn and grow. Making the ACT summer camp one of the best in New York.
Act Programs is pleased to announce the opening of ACT Summer Camp 2018, beginning June 25th and featuring three camps in eight weeks: July Themed Camp, August Specialty Camp, and August Adventure Camp!
July offers a five week immersive day camp experience, complete with a carnival, water slides, trips, arts and sports experiences!
August Specialty Camp offers a two week choose your own adventure of arts, sports, or performing arts courses that culminate in exhibitions of learning.
August Adventure Camp offers a series of trips and experiences in and around the city (lakes, roller skating, hiking, and more)!
ACT Programs and Summer Camps provides a unique summer camp experience for students and young people of all ages. Our offices are located on the grounds of St. John the Divine where student are able to take advantage of fun filled activities prepared for them.
CBD, Women, and Histamines – Nothing to Sneeze At!


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AP 0877: How Much Should I Charge for a Kindle Ebook on Amazon?
AskPat 877 Episode Transcript
Pat Flynn: Hey everybody, what's up? Pat Flynn here and welcome to Episode 877 of AskPat. Thank you so much for joining me today. As always I'm here to help you by answering your online business questions, five days a week.
We have a great question coming in today from Cathy, but before we get to her question I do want to thank today's sponsor which is ZipRecruiter. So if you're doing any hiring of any kind, you know one of the biggest pains is going out there and putting that job description out to all the different places. I mean, there's hundreds of places to put those things at. And then you have to manage all those calls that come in or the emails that come in. It's just really cumbersome, which is why ziprecruiter is here to help. In one interface, with just a couple clicks you can send out your job description to hundreds, a hundred plus different websites in social media channels and everywhere. And what's really cool is ZipRecruiter manages that process for you with that dashboard. So instead of having to manage all those calls and emails coming in, it's all handled through ZipRecruiter and you don't have to worry about the process of looking for the right people. You can just find the right candidates for your position and you can work to do that through ZipRecruiter. I would highly recommend it. It's one of the top recommended resources here on AskPat. I've gotten so many emails about it and I highly recommend you check it out. And get this, you can use it for free. You guys who are listening to this, all you have to do is go to ZipRecruiter.com/pat, again that's ZipRecruiter.com/pat. You'll be able to check it out.
All right, thanks so much. And how here's today's question from Cathy.
Cathy Mazak: Hi Pat. My name is Cathy Mazak and I have a website at CathyMazak.com where I teach students and new professors who want to publish more and advance their academic publishing careers. I'm working on an ebook that I'm hoping to put on Amazon as a Kindle book because I know that Amazon is a search engine and it's a place that my audience definitely hangs out and is searching. My question is, does it make a difference whether I put it there for free or charge what seems to be a really nominal amount—like $1.99, $2.99, $3.99—that I often see for Kindle books on Amazon. So that's my question. Thank you so much for all that you do: Yours is the podcast I can't live without. Have a great day!
Pat Flynn: Hey Cathy, thank you so much for the question today, I really appreciate it. Congrats on the upcoming ebook. So what should you charge on Amazon? Well there's a number of different ways to go about it. A lot of people, they charge sort of the maximum amount that you should be charging for a Kindle book and that is about $9.99. And what that does is it gives you the most profit. Now if you go above that, because of the way that Amazon's pricing structure is scheduled (at least at the time of this recording), you're gonna actually make less for a little bit, because of the royalty structures. And I'm not going to go into that right now, but you will make 70 percent of what you earn, 30 percent will go to Amazon. If you're anywhere between the $2.99 range and the $9.99 range, after that they start taking 70 percent and you keep 30 percent, so that's kind of how it works. And it's kind of interesting that they do that, right? And like, why would they change it so drastically? It's because they want to control the general pricing of books that are for Kindle. And so that's why it's like that, because they want to keep it between that sort of $1.99, $2.99 mark, and the $9.99 mark.
Obviously, if you have a paperback book you could charge more. And then there's the Audible version or the audio book version . . . you can manage that process at ACX.com which I do for my books. And that's great too, actually, I make more profit from the Audible books more than anything actually, now that I've had a year or so of data behind it.
Now, when it comes to the Kindle books and the pricing, I mean, that's really up to you. I wouldn't give it away for free. You can do that in a smart way during certain time periods as a promotion though. That's why I would charge a price, at least $1.99, I would go much higher if possible before that $9.99 mark. And obviously there's some perceived value there with your book as well. If it's only you know, $1.99, what does that mean versus if it's actually $4.99? And yeah, it's kind of not much of a difference; it's only $3.00 difference. But it does play a role if people are used to buying Kindle books, you know—that perceived value that is there now. So I'm not going to tell you what price is right. It depends on kind of what you want to do with it.
But the reason why I would charge something and not go free is because you can enroll in what's called KDP Select, so Kindle Direct Publishing Select, which means that the only requirement is that you cannot sell the book anywhere else for 90 days. But during those 90 days, you can do countdown promotions, meaning you can charge a lower price for a short period of time and every day the price goes up until it gets back to the original price again. Another advantage of starting high is you can offer these discounts at specific time periods, or you can choose to have it be free for a certain time period which is also a great strategy. If you're charging for a book on Kindle, you can go free for a short time period just to get a mad rush of people in there if your goal is indeed to get to as many people as possible. That's a great way to go about it too. If it's always free, then you know it's hard to push any sort of promotion behind it.
So that's why I would charge and you know . . . is there a difference between $2.99 and $3.99? No, not much but you might want to experiment with that. Plus what's really cool is you can always change the price point and just test and see what happens. So yeah, Cathy, I'm not going to tell you exactly what the price point is for you, but those are some things that you can know about it and hopefully it will work out for you.
So thanks Cathy, I appreciate you and I look forward to hearing more about how that goes for you. I also want to send you an AskPat teeshirt for having your question featured here on the show. And for those of you listening, if you have a question that you'd like potentially featured here on the show, all you have to do is head on over to AskPat.com and you can ask right there on that page.
Thanks so much, I appreciate you, and you guys . . . we're almost done with May. So, looking forward to June and also here's a quote to finish off the day by Abraham Lincoln. He says, "He has a right to criticize who has a heart to help." Take care and I'll see you on the next episode of AskPat. Bye.
Today's question comes from Cathy, who wants to know how much to charge for a Kindle ebook on Amazon. You can find Cathy on the web at CathyMazak.com.
In this episode I recommend ACX.com, a resource and marketplace for producing audiobooks.
Do you have a question about ebooks? Record it at AskPat.com.
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Lafourche Parish man jailed for 4th DWI
Tracy Shackelford, 42 (Source: Golden Meadow Police Department)
By Nicole Mumphrey | September 10, 2019 at 1:33 PM CDT - Updated September 10 at 1:33 PM
GOLDEN MEADOW, La. (WVUE) -A Golden Meadow man was arrested and booked on his 4th DWI offense, according to the Golden Meadow Police Department.
Tracy Shackelford, 42, was arrested Sept. 8 around 11 p.m.
Police say an officer pulled Shackelford over for traveling at 60 miles per hour in a 50 mile per hour zone.
The officer contacted the driver, identified as Shackelford, and detected the odor of an alcoholic beverage.
Shackelford denied drinking anything, but the officer observed an open container of alcohol inside the vehicle.
Shackelford submitted to a field sobriety test on which he performed poorly. He then refused to submit to a breathalyzer test, but the officer obtained a warrant to have his blood tested and the results are pending.
The officer also discovered Shackelford had three active contempt of court warrants for the 17th Judicial District Court and one for Golden Meadow court.
Shackelford's license was also found to be suspended due to a prior DWI charge. Furthermore, the officer found Shackelford had three prior DWI convictions since 2016.
Shackelford was arrested and booked into the Lafourche Parish Correctional Complex in Thibodaux. He was booked on the four contempt warrants, DWI (4th Offense), and driving under suspension. He was additionally charged with speeding and driving with an open container.
Bail is set at $52,400, and he has also been ordered to pay $619 in fines and costs.
Nicole Mumphrey
A 16-year-old special needs patient died Sunday after Jefferson Parish deputies took him into custody. for allegedly attacking his father.
Zulu, Endymion change parade route for Mardi Gras due to Hard Rock collapse
The Krewe of Zulu announced its route change due to the Hard Rock construction site collapse on Sunday (Jan. 19).
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Early childhood education advocates say more investment by the state is critical
Sabrina Wilson
Reasonable crawfish prices to start off this year's season
Tiffany Wong


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7 ways to convince your engineering manager to pilot Kotlin Multiplatform
by Justin Mancinelli | Nov 5, 2019 | Future of mobile, Kotlin Multiplatform
We hear similar stories when we speak to mobile developers interested in a Kotlin Multiplatform pilot for their team. The story goes something like:
You're a developer. You've seen the growing momentum that Kotlin Multiplatform (KMP) is gaining in the developer community – especially since Google announced it was officially supporting Kotlin as a development language in 2017. And now you want to try it for yourself. (Or maybe you already have.) More important, you'd like to try it on a live project, with your colleagues at your workplace.
The question is, how do you convince your manager that it's a viable framework to use? They already have enough to deal with, right? Hard deadlines, pressure to produce faster, test more thoroughly, improve architecture, deal with tech debt… the to-do's for them go on and on and on.
If you're convinced (like we are) that Kotlin Multiplatform is the best option for unified development of business logic across iOS and Android – but are not sure how to broach the subject with your manager — we've put together seven key talking points for you.
1. "One code base. One team."
Using Kotlin Multiplatform, we can code business logic across both platforms. That means the team doesn't have to do the same work twice — once for iOS and once for Android. No duplication. Saves time. Saves money. (And saves a lot of nerves, too.)
2. "Kotlin itself is skyrocketing."
More development teams are using it, and more individual developers want to use it, whether they're Android or iOS. It doubled in popularity each year since 2015, and after the Google announcement in 2017, it went stratospheric. It's especially popular among programmers looking to grow their careers.
3. "KMP plays nicely with both iOS and Android."
One way to think about it: Lexus has the same engine as a Toyota — the only thing that's different is the exterior. Same with iOS and Android. They're essentially the same under the UI hood, so it's very straightforward to deploy to either platform with few if any hiccups.
4. "Using KMP is low-risk."
It's not an all-or-nothing proposition. We can do the programming incrementally, one feature or architectural layer at a time, so there's no disruption to hard deadlines. It's not a major commitment to pilot a project."
5. Our team can focus on innovation as well as production.
If we're only writing the code once for both platforms, it gives us the potential to focus on fine-tuning the architecture, designing more features, or exploring other innovations because we're not bogged down in production only. Focus on new stuff or focus on testing. Frees up resources to do more stuff…
6. "Keeping UI separate is a good thing. It ultimately will save us time."
KMP doesn't do UI at all, but that's actually a real advantage for us. Sharing UI across platforms can be risky because it involves doing multiple reworks and workarounds to make the UI work natively on its respective platform. With KMP, we can focus on the business logic specifically, and leave the UI to be coded separately.
7. "With KMP, we're future-proofing our business logic."
KMP doesn't lock into one ecosystem like Flutter or React Native or Xamarin. It's easy to take an Android library and make it work as a KMP library – even easier if the library is already written in Kotlin. And of course, Google's endorsement of Kotlin is a big plus.
Need help piloting KMP? Apply to KMP Hack Week!
What is Touchlab's KMP Hack Week?
We've talked to teams who have done their own hack weeks, but they end up spending most of the time just getting set up. Our goal is to get you set up quickly with your KMP pilots. We'll get the setup sorted on Day One, be available to talk KMP thinking, and help unblock for the rest of the week. We'll also throw in some mini-lectures on topics that all KMP engineers should know.
How does Kotlin Multiplatform stack up against other solutions? Our scorecard, explained.
by Justin Mancinelli | Aug 30, 2019 | Future of mobile, Kotlin Multiplatform
In my last article, I explained the reasons why you should try Kotlin Multiplatform — not because it can do everything, but precisely because it can't.
It doesn't do UI, or even attempt to. It does, however, do one thing really well: code business logic for iOs or Android. You code once, and deploy to either platform with virtually no hiccups because you keep the UI separate and native to its respective platform.
Naturally, introducing a relatively new way of coding immediately draws comparisons to other popular multiplatform solutions. The scorecard with which I concluded the article is meant to be a quick, point-by-point comparative glimpse at the three predominant solutions alongside KMP. Here, I wanted to provide some specifics on why we scored each the way we did.
Why rate KMP so high on UI when it doesn't even have a UI layer? Because it doesn't get in the way of the UI at all. Flutter, RN, and Xamarin all say sharing UI is a benefit to buying into their respective ecosystems — but each have gaps between expectations and reality. When using KMP, you code UI separately, in native, giving you greater control of the outcome for the best user experience possible.
Flutter doesn't enable you to easily use native components to code UI. Instead, it takes control of all rendering, providing either a transparent view that shows the native Android code underneath, or uses PlatformViews which requires fairly clumsy native interop. Either way, it essentially co-opts the entire UI on its own canvas. And if there are bugs, you have to wait for the updates from Flutter.
While you can create custom native UI widgets with React Native, Javascript performance is still an issue. Often, for example, developers will say it promises 60fps, but it gets in the way of doing good UI. It also hinders development efficiency because its UI widget libraries are not maintained by React Native.
If you have a soft spot for .NET, Xamarin will be usable to you. But Xamarin.Forms has a lot of limitations, and Xamarin itself does not really create that ecosystem of great UIs. You'll have to make separate UIs in Xamarin, Android as well as Xamarin.iOS, which is a lot more hassle than doing them natively. Similarly, this is why we don't recommend writing UIKit code in Kotlin Native (even though you can).
For Android, KMP is already as native as it can be. For iOS, it still has some issues with sharing business logic with idiomatic Swift code, but overall, it's super-fast — and the native interop means you don't have bridge channels to deal with.
At present, Flutter does not share business logic with native code adequately. The Flutter team is working at integrating it into native apps, but at this point it is still experimental. When you need to integrate native code, you need to communicate across channels, otherwise you have to code it all in Dart — a language that is not widely used or supported. And while the Dart VM is fairly fast, it's not as fast as a fully native solution. Basically, if you don't want to deal with interoperability issues, it's easier to work entirely within Flutter.
To interop with native, it has to go through the JavaScript interpreter [update: Facebook knows this is a problem and recently released their own JS engine specifically for RN apps]:, so it's always going to lag behind more native solutions. Also, it's costly using JavaScript to bridge to native — more costly than Xamarin or Flutter.
Essentially, Xamarin presents the same problem as Flutter does: no direct interoperability with native code. You have to use C++, JNI, Java, Kotlin, or Objective-C Bindings. Currently not possible to interop with Swift, you can't share business logic with non-Xamarin apps at all, and Microsoft has no plans to do this.
Developer efficiency
Debugging is straightforward with KMP because the debugging tools you're already using are compatible. Android coders can debug in the Kotlin IDE, and iOS coders can debug in Xcode. In the meantime, as the libraries for Kotlin Multiplatform continue to grow, you're not locked in — just use the tool that makes sense for that ecosystem.
With Flutter, you need a wrapper for its libraries to communicate with native code.You can't use Xcode for iOS development. And while you can use Android Studio, you're not really building an Android app with Flutter, you are building a Flutter app and using the Flutter plugins. Essentially, you're in foreign territory.
Facebook has put a lot of effort into React Native, enabling you to choose from many great debugging tools and IDEs with good integration. It has a large and growing community that stems from the web development ecosystem. Even so, you're unable to use the native libraries as easily as you can with KMP, so you still need to put work into libraries that haven't yet been ported and integration with existing apps. And if you aren't already a web shop, you need to learn the whole ecosystem.
To integrate existing native libraries, Xamarin.iOS only supports binding to ObjC Frameworks, and Xamarin.Android requires Java Bindings or the JNI. Sometimes, you can't bring any new frameworks from native iOS or Android into Xamarin Projects. Additionally, you need to use LLDB or GDB for debugging native code.
Making the most of multiplatform
With KMP, Android is already fully native, so a bridge is not necessary. And, on iOS, KMP compiles a native framework with Objective-C headers, so, again, a bridge is not necessary. You can easily take a mostly business logic Android library and make it work as a KMP library (even easier if it's already written in Kotlin). And while the UI has to be separate, it's not a problem because the UI can then be a very thin layer that's not dependent on the business logic layer.
– Common architecture practices like MVP, MVVM, and CLEAN already encourage separating business logic and thinner UIs. It's only a slight modification to accommodate the shared module layer.
Taking an existing Android library and making it a Flutter library is a whole lot harder than it is when using KMP. Flutter is really designed to be its own self-contained ecosystem. It's difficult to share with non-Flutter apps. And while sharing the UI is better than it is in React Native or Xamarin, you have to build your own libraries, or write in Dart.
React Native is not ideal for larger apps or larger teams, and even though the developer community is large, it's mostly made up of web developers, and therefore not necessarily attuned to mobile development fully. There are significant differences — screen sizes, UI expectations, variable device performance due to CPU, RAM, and graphics chips variability, offline and low or unreliable network connectivity, and platform-specific innovations that have been driven by significant engineering investment from Apple, Google, and Samsung.
Xamarin has its own ecosystem, with a relatively small developer community, and very limited sharing with other ecosystems. You have to build the UIs in Xamarin.Forms, or you have to build them separately using C# in Xamarin.Android and Xamarin.iOS.
Potential for code sharing
Even though KMP does not share the UI, which limits how much you can share, you are able to architect the app so that the UI layer is as thin as possible, which in fact is good architecture practice anyway. And it's also good practice to make the best UI for users, which requires UI divergence between platforms anyway. Using KMP, you won't run into obstacles when the UIs do need to diverge. And you will more easily be able to share non-UI code with less of a performance cost.
Flutter provides everything except platform-specific features, which require a channel to native code. So if a library you need already exists in the Flutter ecosystem, great. But if not, you need to create it yourself which essentially requires writing code for three platforms — Android, iOS, and the Flutter Package API to communicate with the platform-specific implementations.
React Native provides everything but platform-specific features or high-performance logic (making it less desirable than Flutter), each of which requires a bridge to native code. If a library you need already exists in its ecosystem, you're set. If not, like Flutter, you need to create it yourself, which requires writing code for three platforms — Android, iOS, and the React Native Bridge Module.
For simple apps, Xamarin.Forms allows you to share close to 100%. But it's not ideal for more complex apps, where a lot of UI and any platform-specific features need to be separated into Xamarin.iOS and Xamarin.Android projects.
Maximum app quality
When coding with KMP, you get fully native UI and business logic, with the same app quality as fully native apps in iOS or Android.
While the UI is performant ("buttery smooth" as the Flutter dev-rel people like to say), it's easy to end up with something that's perceived as lower quality to seasoned users. Also, Dart VM is fairly fast — much faster than Javascript — but there are still channel overhead issues you must deal with. As well, support for older devices is not robust. For Flutter in particular, the UIs may look modern on older devices, but the performance may be worse than native UI and implementation.
On the positive side, React Native architecture encourages native views and widgets, so you don't fall behind platform UX updates. (Users expect these; otherwise, apps start to look old to them.) There is, however, a higher risk of lower performance because of Javascript (especially true on Android devices where standard Javascript is about as performance as an iPhone 6s and Facebook recently releases their own engine specifically for RN apps on Android).
For Xamarin, UI is really an afterthought. Xamarin.Forms has been getting more attention recently, but even when incorporating native widgets, you end up writing a full app in Xamarin.iOS and Xamarin.Android before getting something that modern users would generally accept as good quality.As for performance, it is true, the MonoVM is fairly fast, but there are still bridging overhead issues.
Kotlin Multiplatform Can't Do It All. Which is Exactly Why You Should Try It!
Before I begin, I want to be clear that all tools are created to solve problems, but none of them solve all problems. If your development team is in a hurry, or high-quality UI is not a major priority, go ahead and choose an 'end-to-end' development platform like Xamarin or Flutter or React Native to code your app for Android and iOS. You'll get the job done 🎉!
Now, if you already have UIs for your apps, or if you want optimized UI for each platform, you'll want to use Kotlin Multiplatform. The reason? It doesn't do UI at all (not yet, anyway). But what it does do — and really well — is business logic for Android and iOS apps.
Though the other multiplatform solutions aspire to support all application layers, they can't adequately cover them all.
And sharing UI code across platforms is not necessarily desirable anyway. Very often when this is done, there will need to be multiple iterations to make the UI look and behave more natively. This will burn through development cycles, putting more pressure on your dev teams to deliver on time. And normally, the business is pushing for more features over UI quality. Sharing UI is risky, and it's rarely good for morale, or for business.
Unlike Xamarin, Flutter or React Native, Kotlin Multiplatform does not live within its own ecosystem. Instead, it is very much like a "choose your own adventure" book, which is what makes it so powerful.
While KMP currently has limited libraries (though the number is growing), it does enable you to use all existing libraries and tools on iOS and Android, so there's no need to wait for libraries or implement hacks and workarounds. You can't do that with Flutter or React Native without running into sizable obstacles.
The output from Kotlin Multiplatform is just another package on Android and framework on iOS. That can save a significant amount of time and headaches because there is far less time spent writing bridge code or fully re-writing the things that are missing from other solutions.
To code business logic in Flutter, your team first has to code shared logic in a language that is not widely used – Dart – in a new ecosystem, with a smaller community, and difficulty bridging it with existing code. In React Native, your mobile team would need to immerse themselves in the web ecosystem of JavaScript's new IDEs and other tools . And in Xamarin, they'd have to code in C# , use Visual Studio, and a smaller, less active community. To make matters worse, whichever of these platforms your team uses, they'll need a communication bridge between native and non-native code.
In Kotlin Multiplatform, however, your team can code the platform-specific business logic, with direct communication with the native platform, with no need to wait for libraries or implement hacks or workarounds.
(You can if you want, that's part of the adventure you choose.) And even if there are any issues, optional sharing with Kotlin Multiplatform means you only need to revert the code directly related to the issue — no ripping out the whole engine because of a bad spark plug. So, you always have choices.
This is important of course, because it's the business logic that determines how all features within an app will work. Because you're writing the native code once for this layer, you accelerate development time and help ensure a solid code base. Plus, writing one set of native code is a highly effective way of future-proofing the code for later releases.
Kotlin Multiplatform, in other words, provides your dev teams with greater flexibility.
The other multiplatform solutions are essentially proprietary, resulting in vendor lock-in. It also results in the need to manage, in effect, a third platform because the ecosystems are too different from the native platforms and, because they try to solve everything but they can't solve everything, you will need to write more platform specific code than advertised.
Unlike Xamarin and React Native, Kotlin Multiplatform doesn't require a VM. Flutter doesn't require a VM in production, but it does put you in a non-native ecosystem writing in a non-native language unlike Kotlin Multiplatform which respects the native languages and ecosystems of each platform. Kotlin Multiplatform is the most native multiplatform solution your team can use today.
KMP doesn't hide the fact that you're dealing with multiple platforms because it already compiles to a native library for iOS or Android.
There are no intermediate layers to deal with, virtually eliminating any interop bottlenecks. And since Kotlin Multiplatform works with the native platform ecosystems rather than becoming its own, devs can use the tools and libraries they've always used including new platform innovations like SwiftUI and Jetpack Compose. Limitations you do encounter are not dead ends because you can always code around them with Kotlin, Swift, or whatever language lets you solve the issue with the least risk.
In sum, here's how we measure the world of multiplatform solutions. Next week, we'll share more details about the specifics of our rankings. In the meantime, if you're interested in speaking to us about Kotlin Multiplatform, please contact us.


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Video Game Audio 104. Arcade Sounds Of The 1980s.
January 27, 2023 January 10, 2023 by JS
This is part IV of my article series on video game sound. If you haven't already, I recommend you start with Part I: Video Game Audio 101. Fiction or Interface. An Introduction.
I briefly explained the first computer sound effects and melodies in part III of this series.
Now we've reached the 1980s when video game sound really took off in arcade machines, home consoles, and personal computers such as the Commodore 64.
This article is about arcade machines.
One major technological change that led to video game sound getting more advanced in the 1980s was that developers began using multiple sound chips in a single arcade machine.
The extra sound chips were mostly used to create more advanced sound effects. But it also meant that music could play simultaneously with those effects.
The game was licensed and published in the US by Midway in 1981.
While Space Invaders already had a four-tone loop, it could be argued that it is in-between music and effect.
1980 was the year when music entered the arcade machines
But in 1980, three games were released with music: RALLY-X, CARNIVAL, and – most importantly – Pac-Man.
RALLY-X is a car strategy game. You might argue it's the original ancestor of the GTA series. It was released by the Japanese video game company Namco.
RALLY-X had music – an annoying background melody that kept repeating over and over. And over!
Here's a video where you can see and hear the original game.
The next game, CARNIVAL, was released by Gremlin / SEGA. It is a shoot-the-ducks or shoot-the-bear game we know from fun fairs.
The music in CARNIVAL is a loop of the waltz Over The Waves (circa 1889) by Mexican composer Juventino Rosas:
The game was quite popular and later got released on the home consoles Atari 2600, ColecoVision, and Intellivision.
The third game was Pac-Man, which Namco also released.
Pac-Man is just as popular today as it was then. The iconic hungry cheese has almost become synonymous with video games.
Pac-Man's influence on popular culture
Pac-Man is important for several reasons.
First is the sound in the game.
The music that plays before each game round is so iconic and catchy. This made gamers as well as other video game designers and composers realize the importance of catchy tunes in games.
The cute wagga-wagga sounds Pac-Man makes when he munches his way through the rows of white pills have become just as iconic as the graphics.
Pac-Man was also the first game to include cutscenes, i.e., short linear "movie" sequences between the different levels.
Pac-Man became a stable in popular gaming culture, and many musicians have paid tribute to the game.
Fx, in 1982 Weird Al Yankovic made a parody of the Beatles' song Taxman (1966), where he sang Pac-Man instead.
Another example is the song Pac-Man Fever (1982) from the album shared the same name by Buckner & Garcia:
The song Pac-Man Fever was released as a single, reaching number 9 on the Billboard Hot 100 list.
It also earned a gold record for over one million sold copies. In 2008, it had sold over 2.5 million copies worldwide.
It was re-released in 2015 in an updated version called Pac-Man Fever (Eat 'em up). It was by the same producers who made the Pac-Man fan film in 2012.
Another example of how Pac-Man has influenced musicians is the EP Pac-Man from 1992, released by Aphex Twin.
It's also worth noting that Aphex Twin used the alias Power Pill on this release.
Of course, Pac-Man and his frenemies – the four ghosts Blinky, Pinky, Inky, and Clyde – have also appeared in numerous movies, including the animated movie Wreck-It Ralph by Walt Disney Pictures from 2012.
We also see Ms. Pac-Man, one of the many clones and spin-offs created because of the original game's success.
Wreck-It Ralph and the second movie Ralph Breaks the Internet (2018), are highly recommended for anyone who loves classic video game characters from the golden arcade games era.
Another type of video game machine didn't have it as easy: home gaming consoles, which I'll cover in the next article.
Categories Video Game Theory Tags Video game audio, video game sound, Video game theory
Video Game Audio 103. The First Beeps & Music.
Video Game Audio 105. Gaming at Home in the 1980s.


Assuming the test is still on the '99 Code, The '99 NEC (of course), the '99 UGLY'S Book, and a scientific calculator is a good start, get very familiar with them.
Know your equations, especially for motors (involving phases and power factors, etc.).
If all this sounds confusing, stick around... Ask questions... You've found the best help you can get here at ECN!
Virgil's advice is good, but keep in mind that your test is being administered by the West Virginia Fire Marshall. Unless things have changed quite a bit, I don't think they are qualified. You might want to find out about "exceptions" (in the NEC) because to a fireman, always is always and never is never. The previous fire marshall (thank goodness he is no longer in charge) used to feel that exceptions shouldn't be allowed since they were too confusing. Well, they can be, but he's a fireman & should be confused.
Anyhow, I guess you can tell I don't think much of our licensing setup.
Since you know how to read, you're halfway there, be familiar with the calculation examples in the back of the code book and know how to use the index (that is very important since you can spend a lot of time trying to find something). Be sure to read each question in its entirety, don't jump to conclusions.


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Suzuki>
Suzuki Motorcycles For Sale
Today are available 4318 Used Suzuki motorcycles for sale. Our listings includes vehicles from the United States, Canada, United Kingdom and Australia. Use this search form to find the vehicle that you need. suzuki for sale in Australia
1979 Suzuki GS
2007 Suzuki Boulevard
Fuel type: Unspecified
Transmission: 5-speed
2017 Suzuki GSX-R
2006 Suzuki Katana
2004 Suzuki SV 650S
2011 Suzuki Boulevard C50T 800 TOURER
1983 Suzuki ALT50 Trail Buddy
1975 Suzuki TS400
2004 Suzuki Intruder VL800 VOLUSIA 800
2001 Suzuki VS1400GLP
1999 Suzuki VZ800 MARAUDER 800
2021 Suzuki Boulevard C50 800
1996 Suzuki savage
2004 Suzuki Intruder 800
2001 Suzuki VL800
2020 Suzuki DR-Z
1992 Suzuki RM250 Swingarm
2000 Suzuki Bandit
2007 Suzuki GSX-R 600
1983 Suzuki DR
2020 Suzuki Gsx1300r Hayabusa
1977 Suzuki TS 185 Enduro
2005 Suzuki Boulevard C50 800 WTRIKE KIT
Suzuki Motor Co. Ltd. is a Japanese company specializing in the production of small and compact off-road vehicles. The headquarters is located in Hamamatsu. By 2001, one third of the shares belonged to the General Motors concern.
Suzuki was founded by Michio Suzuki in a small hamlet of Hamamutsu on the coast of Japan in 1920 and was engaged in the manufacture of looms. The small car project was started in 1937, and by 1939 several compact prototype cars had been completed. Project development bThe law was suspended when the government announced that civilian cars were a "nonessential commodity" and Suzuki ordered production to stop.
At the end of the war, Suzuki's gaze turned back to the automotive industry. The result was a motorized bike called Power Free. Designed to be inexpensive and easy to build and maintain, the Power Free was equipped with 36cc. see two-stroke engine. An unprecedented feature was the Two-sprocket mechanism system, which allowed a person using pedals to assistthe engine, or disconnect the pedals and move only with the engine.
By 1954, Suzuki was producing 6,000 motorcycles a month and changed the company name to Suzuki Motor Co., Ltd. Following the success of the first motorcycles, Suzuki created its first car: the 1955 Suzulight. The car included radical innovations such as front and all-wheel drive, independent suspension and a pinion-rack steering mechanism. Four decades later, these features became standard on cars around the world.
1967 New generation of front-wheel drive Fronte models introduced360. The cars were equipped with a 2-cylinder 30 hp engine. with.
End of the 70s. was marked by the appearance of the original all-wheel drive micro-car Jimny, equipped with 3-cylinder engines with a volume of 539 and 797 cc. see An improved version of the Jimny "SJ410" series introduced in 1981. The car has been exported to many countries over the years.
In 1977 Suzuki took over the manufacture of engines for motor boats. By the 1980s, Suzuki was selling a full line of two-stroke engines, ranging from a modest 2bhp. to the mighty 225 hp. with. Along the way, Suzuki presentedthe poison of major technological advances: computer control of the engine, ensuring optimal engine operation. Suzuki is the first company to offer a three-year limited warranty - the longest ever offered for marine engines.
The first Alto model was released in 1981. For the European market, the car is equipped with a one-liter 4-cylinder engine with 54 hp. On request, the car is produced with a five-speed gearbox or with a three-speed automatic. Since autumn 1994 this model has been made in India. Toto attract consumer demand The 5-door hatchback is priced at the price of a 3-door.
Since 1982, the production of a new generation of microcars Fronte / Alto / Cervo with 2-, 3- and 5-door bodies and 3-cylinder engines with a capacity of 29-40 hp has been mastered. with.
In 1983, the Cultus (Swift) passenger car with a liter engine was launched on the market. Swift cars are produced for the European market in Hungary at the Suzuki plant. Production of the Swift has been significantly reduced and now only 3- and 5-door hatchbacks are produced in GLS and GC variants with an economical 1.0-liter engine producing 53 hp.
In 1985, Suzukimade a big break with the introduction of the car line in the USA. Over the course of 30 years, Suzuki has built Japan's reputation as a manufacturer of world-renowned small cars. Suzuki has launched a 4WD Samurai 4WD model for the American market. The Suzuki Samurai were snapped up by hundreds of thousands of Americans who wanted a sporty and practical means of transportation.
In 1988, such a famous Suzuki model as the Escudo (Vitara) appeared, equipped with a 1.6-liter engine producing 95 hp. and four-wheel drive. The Vitara has a variety of names and uses.eny. In the US, the car is known as the Geo Tracker, in Japan as the Escudo. The car is available with three- or five-door bodies, with a soft or hard top. A long-wheelbase five-door "station wagon" Vitara Long is also produced, which is equipped with an engine type at the request of the client.
The 1990s began with a change in the company's name to Suzuki Motor Corporation. The lineup has been updated and expanded: in 1991, the production of the small 2-seater Cappuccino began.
In 1993, the appearance of the Wagon R model, the beginning of production and sales in Egypt, the signing of a contract to open jointnew plant in China, opening of a plant in Hungary. The next year, 1994, the total number of cars produced in Japan reached 10 million.
In 1995, new models came out - the Baleno subcompact passenger car, the X-90, built on the Vitara chassis, and the LOVE electric bicycle. The Geo-branded Metro is on sale in the US.
1997 - The Wagon R Wide (Wagon R +) is introduced, a one-liter subcompact car that sold around 250,000 units a year. Sales of Metro under the Chevrolet brand begin in Europe.
Presentation of the Gran Vitara model,Powered by engines of 1.6-2.5 liters and a capacity of 107-160 liters. since 1997
1998 - Kei and Grand Vitara models (for overseas markets) 1999 - 7-seater Every +. The total number of motorcycles produced by 1999 reached 40 million. Also in 1999, a business agreement was signed with Fuji Heavy Industries.
By 2000, Suzuki had reached the 12th place among carmakers in the world with sales of about 1.8 million units per year. Celebrating its 80th anniversary, the company changed its president (Masao Toda became him), founded an education and culture foundation, launched new models on the market - WagonR Solio and Grand Escudo.
And in 2001, a new model entered the American market - the 7-seater XL-7 SUV, the largest Suzuki car. In Japan, the passenger Aerio with a 1.5 liter engine, the Aerio Sedan, the 7-seater Every Landy with a 1.3 liter engine, and the MR Wagon mini-car were presented. The company has eliminated the use of lead in its cars and motorcycles. In addition to automotive products, new motorcycle models were released - the large 1.2-liter GS1200SS, the 400cc American-style Intruder Classic, the GSX1400 and others. Suzuki and Ge collaboration product announcedneral Motors - Chevrolet Cruze, and also reached agreements with Kawasaki and Nissan.
2002 - the appearance of the Jimny Sierra model, the Alto Lapin mini-car, the beginning of the export of the Chevrolet Cruze.
From a small group of talented loom engineers, Suzuki has grown into a worldwide company of nearly 15,000 people who create and distribute products in over 170 countries.
List of the Suzuki models
Suzuki Bandit
Suzuki Boulevard
Suzuki DR
Suzuki DR Z
Suzuki GS
Suzuki GSX / Katana
Suzuki GSX R
Suzuki Intruder
Suzuki Marauder
Suzuki RM
Suzuki RM Z
Suzuki SV


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2021 Global ForumSpeakersAbout UsHistory
Global ForumSpeakersAbout UsHistory
The Global Forum for Business as an Agent of World Benefit
The Fowler Center for Business as an Agent of World Benefit
The Fowler Center for Business as an Agent of World Benefit is a research, education, and applied center of excellence located in the Frank Gehry designed Weatherhead School of Management at Case Western Reserve University. As the top research university in Ohio, seventeen Nobel laureates have been affiliated with Case Western Reserve.
The Fowler Center's mission was influenced by David Cooperrider's early mentorship with Peter F. Drucker when he, the father of management theory, served as advisor to the Center's "world inquiry" into Business as an Agent of World Benefit. When Peter was 93, shortly before he passed away, he was clearly inspired by the revolution happening in business, especially by the ways in which the call for "doing good, doing well" was proving inspiration to companies helping them realize significant new sources of mutually reinforcing value for shareholders and stakeholders. We spent time with Peter in his home, pouring over the findings from our data bank of innovations—face to face Appreciative Inquiry interviews now with nearly 3,000 businesses from every continent. After examining the findings and insights, Drucker smiled and declared: "Well I wrote about it many years ago," he said:
"Every social and global issue of our day is a business opportunity in disguise...just waiting for the pragmatism of good business, its capacity for innovation, entrepreneurship and partnership, and its management for results."
Today the Fowler Center's mission is to advance new knowledge for transforming the world's most complex problems into business opportunities for industry-leading innovation and world-shaping benefit. We carry out the mission through executive education, applied sustainability and strategy work, and discovery oriented scholarship focusing on innovation.
Our approach prioritizes human well-being, the 17 Global Goals surrounding our Earth's ecosystems, oceans and atmosphere, as well as the spread of social and economic opportunities for all people. Our work is about aiming higher—it is not about sustainable survival in the sense of less bad, but about enabling the flourishing of the complex whole. We call this full spectrum flourishing. Our Purpose defines the concept of full spectrum flourishing:
"A world where businesses can excel, people can thrive, and nature can flourish."
Faculty of the Fowler Center are internationally renowned for their thought leadership, strategy work, and for book series such as Advances in Appreciative Inquiry (Cooperrider and Avital, 2014) Emerald Press 4 volumes; and the Executive Life series led by Suresh Srivastva and associates including volumes such as The Executive Mind; Executive Power, and Executive Wisdom and Courage (Srivastva and Cooperrider.) Other relevant volumes include The Organization Dimensions of Global Change (Cooperrider and Dutton, 1999); Primal Leadership (Goleman and Boyatzis, 2010 (Harvard Business Press) Flourishing Enterprise: The New Spirit of Business (Laszlo and Brown et. al., 2014) Stanford University Press; Embedded Sustainability: The Next Big Competitive Advantage (Laszlo and Zhexembayeva, 2011) Stanford University Press and Greenleaf Publishing; Sustainable Value: How the World's Leading Companies Are Doing Well by Doing Good, (Laszlo, 2008) Stanford University Press and Greenleaf Publishing; The Sustainable Company: How To Create Lasting Value Through Social and Environmental Performance, (Laszlo 2003); Managing as Design (Boland and Collopy, 2008); Appreciative Inquiry: A Positive Revolution in Change (Cooperrider and Whitney, 2005); Handbook of Transformative Cooperation (Piderit, Fry, and Cooperrider, 2008); and Positive Design and Appreciative Construction: From Sustainable Development to Sustainable Value (Thachenkery, Cooperrider, and Avital, 2010); and most recently is the courageous Stanford University press volume focused on Quantum Leadership: New Consciousness in Business (Tsao and Laszlo, 2019.)
The Global Forum for Business as an Agent of World Benefit is the seminal thought-leaders' summit in the field of management which, in recent years, has captured the imagination of executives, exponential entrepreneurs, and design thinkers—and next gen youth leaders. It was launched October 14th 2006, when the Academy of Management, with its 20,000 professors from over 130 countries, together with thousands of the industry-leading corporations and signatories of the United Nations Global Compact said "yes" to Case Western Reserve University's invitation to establish the Global Forum for Business as an Agent of World Benefit.
Business as an Agent of World Benefit
The phrase itself—"Business as an Agent of World Benefit"— right from the outset sparked constructive controversy and vital debate as well as inspiration, hope, and innovation. To be sure the phrase was meant less an answer or assertion but rather as a search and set of questions: What does it look like? Where is it happening? How about the new leaders? Why now? How about new and thicker sources of 21st century prosperity? And what are the most promising trajectories for propelling, accelerating, and elevating the world's solution revolution? So prolific was the forum—including over 400 papers submitted, the spread of regional conferences, a series of book projects, the design of the UN Global Compact's PRME initiative and the emergence of www.AIM2Flourish.com with over 3,000 published cases of business as an instrument of world change, that an endowment was established.
The Fowler Family
Through the transformative gift of Chuck and Char Fowler, the Global Forum became an ongoing quest. And right from its first seed moment at the UN in 2004 and then through its Business as an Agent of World Benefit speakers series—with thought leaders such as CK Prahalad, Janine Benyus, Roger Martin, William McDonough, Michelle Hunt, Jane Nelson, Peter Senge, Rosabeth Moss Kanter, Chris Laszlo, Nancy Adler, Jeffery Sachs, Barbara Fredrickson, Andrew Winston, Kenneth Gergen, Ron Fry, and keynote CEO's such as Patrick Cescau of Unilever, Bob Stiller of Green Mountain Coffee Roasters, Lyell Clarke of Clarke Industries, Barbara Krumsiek of Calvert, Ray Anderson of Interface, Naveen Jain of Singularity University, Jodi Berg of Vitamix, Peter Coughlan of IDEO, Jeremy Oppenheim of McKinsey, and Nobel Laureates including Kofi Annan, Secretary General of the UN, Martti Ahtisaari, former President of Finland—the forum's mantra seemed to say this: "don't be despairing, be curious"—and together we can create the conditions for the next great episode in economic history.
The Global Forum's mission is the realization of the generative economy whose ultimate aim is a world of "full spectrum flourishing."
…a world where businesses can excel, all persons can thrive, and nature can flourish, forever.
Our MissionOur ApproachOur Faculty
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Back to Basics: Non-Binary Consequences
Here are tools to use non-binary consequences to further the game. If you're worried about gamist choices is being encouraged this should muddy up the the matter nice and messy. Continued from Empathy is the Goal.
A lot of the results found in the tables alter the success with some minor problems - problems that are distracting and a nuisance. They also give use unexpected costs, consequences and opportunity costs. This, hopefully, let's players learn the mindset of managing their own expectations.
The failures are also altered, with unexpected costs being avoided and failures letting us see opportunities where we did not see any before. In the failed roll players can force a success at a greater cost than they may be capable of paying.
In the end the system seeks to have more incomparables that push the story forward, the Players feel that even if the RP a decision it doesnt mean the game ends prematurely.
Limited use per player and per session. Its just a great way for a Stumped GM to push the story forward when success or failure ends the session or game or story sooner than ideal.
Note: Characters Weak Aspects can be further informed to the GM by a simple Time Allocation method which will be tackled in a later post. A simpler method than a time sheet.
Non-Binary Consequences Tables
This is a table to roll for
Roll 2d6 Chance
3-4 13.89%
10-11 13.89%
12 2.78%
Minor Problems/Challenges. These are challenges and problems that does not take a roll to overcome or neutralize but requires the Player to detail his trade offs and how he approaches the situation. The sole objective of this technique is having more details to work with for the GM, creating the sense of scarcity and limitations with trade-offs, and building up towards climax or extending the challenge in pacing.
Challenges. Challenges are mentioned and refers to any tasks, problems, hurdles, objectives, etc... that was resolved or lined up to be resolved. Successes can be undone, while other ongoing challenges can be
Roll 2d6 Partial Success Consequences 1d6
2 1-2) Misplaced Credit. the credit of the success is diffused or misplaced among people or factors. most people think the character had nothing to do with it. There is word spreading the character is wrongfully getting credit for it. The characters has a hard time proving their work.
3-4) A sacrifice for success. If the PC is busy or overloaded in some way give him the option of having to drop something valuable in exchange for this success. Otherwise the success is temporary or alleviates the problem partially.
5-6) Double Damned. Roll twice more. The first roll is only on the 3-4 result, the second is in the 5-7 result.
3-4 1-2) Bad Timing. The timing of the success is off. It comes a late enough to cause a Minor problem. that can come back to bite the PCs. Example would be that a deadline has come and the negative consequences are wrecking minor havoc.
3-4) At great cost. The cost of the success is *1d3+1 more than expected. If the cost is more than the PC can pay, the PC accidentally uses up someone's resources and they come to collect. This is a bit harder to resolve than a Minor Problem, consider it a minor problem that grows fairly quickly per session. OR It took more than what the PC expected out of him, the PC is spent. The PC needs to rest or suffers serious penalties when participating in other actions. If the Player decides the PC to rest, you may let a minor problem lapse in his absence.
5-6) Opportunity Cost. Create an Opportunity this success closes off. it has to be a worthwhile opportunity with a real gain. This opportunity presents itself as the character succeeds. The PC has the option to fail, failing that will trigger a Partial Failure consequence, that is automatically shifted to a worse result by one step.
5-7 1-2) That Escalated Quickly - The success makes the next challenge much harder, and more at stake, more to gain, and with little time to prepare.
3-4) More Problems. The success uncovers a bunch of minor problems. Roll 1d6+1 minor problems pop up.
5-6) Unwanted Attention. The the success has attracted unwanted attention. Someone who will use Deception or force on the PC to extract such services make contact with the PC. Make an existing NPC more resourceful and adversarial, but this matter can be resolved in a session.
8-9 1-2) Conundrum. 1d6 minor problems show up as a result of the success. Failure to handle the matter effectively grows the minor problems every session. Solving them grants the PC resources or aid to resolve future minor problems. The PC is free to ignore them and sweep them under the rug. Ignoring all of them adds 1d6 more problems in the next session.
3-4) Repeat Success. A unique and special result came of the PCs attempt. Any attempt to repeat the success at the exact and unique manner is very hard and will require significant investment of time and resources. Failure to replicate will bring some disdain and disappointment all around, from the overlord to peers whose expectations rose to highly. The PC can attempt to manage expectations early, if they are quick enough before the expectations snow ball.
If the PC does not follow up the success and manages the expectations, someone will offer some minor reward in return for insight about the matter. If the PC accepts, some one almost replicates the success next session and diminishes the PCs standing from it, even brings some question if the PC really performed it. If the PC did not take the reward the replication is even better than the PCs initial efforts.
5-6) Apprenticeship. The success gains the PC an apprentice, either their lord wants more of what the PC has to offer or someone admires the PCs competence and wants to be Apprentice. This person is incompetent and has some complicating factors - the Lord who assigned it is always waiting on improvements who seeks to capitalize on the new apprentice or the People who see or talk to the apprentice creating high expectations - creating more apprentices or putting the PC against his Peers.
10-11 1-2) Thrust to Greatness. The Character is fast tracked in his career or path. Gain responsibilities and duties he may not be prepared for. More enemies and rivals show up, people begin to talk about him. While people are mostly undecided many have opinions are plenty and varied, and problematic.
3-4) too valuable a prize. The PC's reward for success is a price that is very hard to keep. Typically something that has a high maintenance cost, like a great Warhorse, A company of savage warriors, valuables too heavy and hard to move, land many want to contest or take, affection of someone who makes many dangerously envious.
5-6) Honors and Duties. The reward is honors that test the character's flaws and weaknesses. A greedy character is awarded the watch over a purse, a lusty character awarded care of a household where his master has a lusty dependent, etc.. basically a match that will end up in much greater failure and a test of the character's weaknesses vs his duties and honor.
12 1-2) Fame! the circumstance of this success changes into one that happens to have many things hanging on it. The success of the PC becomes stuff of legend and may see him as a hero, but this is polarized by many who see the success exaggerated and accident. The reputation of success grants a good reaction to people, but the many who have the contrary opinion challenge and see every fault of the charcter. The character does all wrong. Like a celebrity that is deconstructed and demolished for being in the center of attention.
3-4) Burning Bright! The success increases in scope, gains, and attention. The character gains a minor bonus, 1d6 (dont tell the Player, just say he's in the zone). This bonus persists if the PC escalates the challenge, and takes more risks and puts more at stake. If the PC does not maintain this momentum, the bonus disappears, a Big Problem, Rival, or Enemy enters the scene and will try neutralizes the PC and make him fall farther down. He will end up with less than what he started with.
5-6) ...Gift Horse in the Mouth! Play down the success and take the first problem you can think off, ideally one that presses the PCs buttons the wrong way, and present it to the PC. This is a permanent gain in disguise, it looks like a poisoned gift and initially it may be a poisoned gift but all the minor problems iron themselves out.
Ex. more responsibilities, that look impossible but actually is low maintenance. A difficult NPC, who happens to love solving some of the PCs problems. Etc...
Give it a couple of session, treated right it would be a permanent gain.
Roll 2d6 Partial Failure Consequences 1d6
2 1-2) A disheartening failure. the other PCs have their partial failure and success consequences shifted to a step worse for the session.
3-4) A mark of failure. The player gains a permanent physical mark regarding the failure. A scar, a permanent wound, the inability to do a minor task (play an instrument, carry his maximum load, run for his max speed at half the duration he normally can, etc...).
5-6) Weakness revealed. Characters who have no relationships or personal weaknesses let something slip. They utter a name, of someone who can severely distract them, a memory so strong it can serve as a talisman to make the PC weaker (distracted). Ask the player for a name, any name. If there are enemies in their presence they will learn something.
PCs with relationships, roots or family, will have family seeking them. it may be the failure bringing a loved one to the PC out of concern. This puts the loved one in harms way.
3-4 1-2) More Drama. The failure causes 1d3+1 Minor Problems of a social conflict nature to be revealed. This is actually an opportunity where the PC can improve their relationships or gain a relationship if he takes the time to deal with them. Offer the opportunity to walk away from the problem, causing only one of the NPCs to have a deteriorated relationship with the PC.
3-4) A long night Ahead. Add to the failure's consequences a lot more work. The cost to fix this should be in significant time and effort. Give the PC multi-tasking penalty if he has other things he has to do other than fix this problem (if no multitasking rules just make all difficulties harder or the PC is distracted). Let the PC have the option to give up and give him no visible consequences beyond the initial flack for failure.
If the PC chooses to do the work, even if they dont have to increase the PC's virtue related to being professional or give him a bonus in self control or discipline. If that reward is not applicable, let the PC see a different opportunity for cleaning up his own mess.
5-6) Frustration. This failure frustrates and distracts the PC beyond its other negative consequences. Let the PC have some minor penalty as he works through this failure for the entire session. Give the PC the option to drown out the frustration or completely forget about it. This removes the penalty. If the PC works through the frustration by talking through it, meditating/reflecting on it, writing about it give him grant him a reroll in the next session.
5-7 1-2) Not that bad.Take the last success or gains or mitigation of a loss or threat, Ask the player how badly he wants this to succeed. If he says yes, then the last success/gains/mitigation/aversion of a loss/threat is undone. Otherwise, if he accepts the failure he gains a minor reputation related to the matter OR some trauma related to the matter for a 1d3 sessions.
3-4) A for Effort. The PC's efforts were heroic and witnessed. Set up the scene where the failure is a test of character, if the character has any virtues let it contrast with his weaknesses. If the Player can Role-Play this scene out, regardless of how comfortable they are with such or bad they are with RPing, some people noticed their virtues (be it compassion, honor, bravery, discretion, etc...). Roll for 1d6 NPC and name these NPCs and they will come to play later in the game to help with minor problems.
If the player can't role-play or gets really frustrated with the failure a powerful NPC, who has the capability of teaching the PC notices and criticizes the PC.
5-6) A window opens. The failure is demoralizing to the PC and those around him. The PC suffers some reputation damage but in trying an opportunity opens up. One that would have not been noticed or learned without the failure. if the PC pursues this opportunity for the session, let it mature on the next session.
8-9 1-2) Cost mitigated failure. If any resources or time was consumed, the cause of failure made it that half or significantly less were consumed. Point this out to the PC. If the PC pursues looking at his current resources a minor challenge leads him to more resources that can only help indirectly. By indirectly, it takes another step or another activity to convert that small gain into a usable one. Looking for water only to find a dried up spring.
3-4) Zero Sum. If there is someone who gains by the PC's failure, double the gains or double what the PC stood to lose but make the NPC feel pity, mercy, or magnanimous towards the PC. If it was a friendly competition, then the NPC is friendlier towards the PC from some event in the conflict that mattered to the NPC.
Give the PC some incentive to act like a total douche. Either point out that the crowd is jeering at the PC from the appearance of weakness, or NPCs that matter to the PC feel humiliated, crushed, betrayed, disillusioned by association to the PC and this failure.
5-6) Learning moment. Failure causes a significant loss of resource, but the PC gains insight. Gain 1d3 worth of resources to improve the PC, be it character points, or other character resources. Or grant the PC a conditional bonus for similar circumstances equal to the die roll.
10-11 1-2) Failed Reputation. The PC gains a reputation, a nickname, regarding the failure. it catches on and spreads the PC's reputation. Those who have not heard of it, once they learn about the reputation will underestimate the PC. This means the PC has more to prove in any task but, if the PC advances in society he becomes more remarkable and the Nickname intrinsic meaning changes slowly. Every time this result is rolled again by the same PC, the reputation spreads farther.
2-3) Sympathy Win. Everyone gains sympathy of the character. The crowd or witnesses are generally sympathetic to the PC.
5-6) Concentration. The failure has given the PC some trauma regarding the failure. On the next tasks, distractions can be held at bay from the impression left by this loss if the game system or play style does not make use of distractions, then allow a reroll on either the Consequences or the Task.
12 1-2) Wu Wei. there are serious consequences to the failure, but they completely disappear by next session. Something just happens to matter more and takes precedents. Everyone remembers the event differently, and what ever actions the PC had undertaken laid the groundwork for a new opportunity (which shows up next session).
3-4) A Teacher appears. A mentor, appears and criticizes the character's technique. He antagonizes and makes the character insecure. This mentor does not appear like a mentor but one of the Characters Critics. When the character confronts the mentor he learns of the respect he has of the character when he talks to him face to face, and how much he actually constructively criticizes the PC.
Make the source of a teacher always challenging or easily overlooked. Every time this result is rolled, the teacher can grant a wider range of mastery.
5-6) Center Stage Failure. The PC is propelled into the center stage of a the ongoing event because of the failure. The failure is catastrophic and he survives the failure, those around him barely or not at all. The world is polarized about the opinions about the PC, these opinions can be all negative and nuanced and heaps negative reactions for the PC. What stands out is that it draws so much attention the PC is in a position to Change what people think of him.
Every time this result i re-rolled the reputation grows and the polarization intensifies. So many made up rumors about the PCs exist and his failure is talked about. He is made villain or victim in various stories and retellings.
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Mike was a good friend of mine. I met him through his brother Mark.He always had a smile on his face & laughing. He will be missed by many. I wish i could of met up with him again. But he moved out of St. louis & i lost contact with him Unil i see ya again in heaven...Love ya buddy !! Dear heavenly father, please take mike into your kingdome, hold him & give him the eternal life...I pray this in your name father..Amen.
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Industry stakeholders catch their breath as they await the next wave of changes in healthcare.
Can long-term-care patients remain at home longer, at a lower cost to providers? Good Samaritan shows how it's done.
Tailoring healthcare to the individual means better results, lower cost.
Which delivery model will win out in the healthcare arena?
Dividend yielding stocks potentially enhance performance and may reduce risk.
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In this study, a relatively flat area in the south of Danang city was targeted to generate high resolution digital elevation model (DEM). This area is under high risk of flood hazard every year. An algorithm, namely BS-Horizon using Fortran program (Nonogaki et al., 2012) was used to create DEM for this flat area. BS_Horizon was evaluated as one of the highest accuracy method for generating DEM with the bi-cubic B-spline algorithm. This algorithm enables using elevation data as equality-inequality constraints on the surface. The optimal surface is the smoothest one that satisfied the given constraints (Nonogaki et al., 2012). The contour lines and elevation points data extracted from 1:10000 topographic map were used as input data in BS-Horizon. DEM from BS-Horizon has the higher accuracy than DEMs from other methods and supports to extract reliable geomorphologic features . From this DEM, a potential flood hazard map was built based on landform classification result and land-cover map. The result was compared with past flood inundation map and flood prones map given by Danang city government to validate the flood hazard prediction map.


becoming a full time stand-up comedian… Because you need something solid to fall back on.
Since 1999, Vittorio has tried to show audiences a new way to see the world – slightly skewed, quirky & governed by cartoon law. In 2009 he began making thoughts into reality as the head writer on Last Say on Sunday – a political satire show ahead of its time but one step behind the censors. However, once TV-Land had him, they wouldn't let him go as he has continued in this vein, writing for SABC 1's local celebrity gossip show The Real Goboza since 2010; for children's television on Let's Get Quizzical and on sitcoms such as Thandeka's Diary, Ses'Top La and Abo Mzala.
On the big screen, you can see him in award-winning sci-fi film District 9 as well as Death in the 48-Hour Film Project 2014 short Death's (Man)date. A full-time geek; when he's not gaming, he co-hosts the GeekXP podcast Release the Geek and his own podcast Urbane Myths.
At #ICON2019, Vittorio will be again be taking to the stage to host an array of panels and will once again be MC'ing the ever popular Saturday Night Geek Comedy event!


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Mona Easterling is a professor and outreach planner. She completed the biotechnology program at Tulsa Community College. In addition, she holds an M.S. in Natural Science, a B.S. in Molecular Biology, and an A.S. in Biotechnology. Below, she describes her multifaceted work as a professor and outreach planner at the interface of biotechnology and communication.
Since completing my Master's degree, I have found two part-time jobs in my field. One is teaching Biology for Majors as an adjunct at TCC. The other is a grant-funded position to enhance the Bioscience pipeline in my state. This involves helping high-school students into the education pipeline, retaining students in the pursuit of post-secondary education and helping bridge transitions for university transfers.
An average day for me as a professor includes time in the lab with students and a lecture session. I usually plan all outreach events around my teaching schedule. Outreach involves tours of our Biotechnology labs and presentations at locations in the community where tours are not possible. Some days, I present to groups off campus before teaching, then teach and have tours after my class is dismissed. I am able to attend community events, like career fairs, to let students see what types of STEM opportunities are available to them.
Dr. Richard Feynman said, "Fall in love with some activity, and do it! Nobody ever figures out what life is all about, and it doesn't matter. Explore the world. Work as hard and as much as you want to on the things you like to do the best." While presenting my research as a freshman in the AS Biotechnology program, I fell in love with the interface of science and communication. That passion still energizes me today, and I am busy working as hard and as much as I can on the things I like to do the best!


Students are future builders of a nation. Therefore, special attention needs to be paid on flourishing their leadership skills both in developed and developing countries including Pakistan. Various researches have been carried out regarding this emerging field of study in Pakistan. However, there is still a need to prepare a comprehensive program for developing leadership skills in school and college students. Present study could be seen as the first step towards the formulation of any such program. This study was designed to develop grade 12 student council members' leadership skills so that they may execute their leadership tasks effectively at a private girls' higher secondary school in Karachi Pakistan. A collaborative action research methodology was employed to conduct the study. Seven students and a teacher were selected through purposive sampling procedure. Semi-structured interviews, focused group discussions, observations, students' feedback and reflections were used as data collection tools during the three stages of action research. It took eleven weeks to carry out this study. Findings revealed that by enabling student leaders to communicate effectively and by providing them opportunities to take part in decision making their performance has improved their targeted leadership skills. Furthermore, equipping student leaders to reflect on their practices has also been found helpful in developing collaboration and problem solving skills in them. Consequently, they started executing their leadership tasks effectively. Therefore it is suggested that increasing students' voice could enhance execution of different leadership tasks at higher secondary level.
Azhar, S. (2016). Developing grade 12 student council members' leadership skills to execute their leadership tasks effectively (Unpublished master's dissertation). Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.


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text:
The difficult task of HLA...
The number of HLA alleles has been growing exponentially over the last couple of years (it just reached 30 000 in April 2021, IMGT 3.44, figure 1) and it looks like the curve is not stopping any time soon, which does not make the lives of scientists in the transplant field easy. Several approaches have been established to simplify the process of finding a best matched transplant and to make the research more "user friendly". One of them is following the task that Cinderella had before she was allowed to go to the ball and meet her Prince – the grain sorting – classifying HLA alleles into big groups called Supertypes.
Figure 1. Number of alleles named by year from 1987 to 2021 (1).
The concept of supertypes was firstly introduced by Alessandro Sette's group in 1995. The definition of an HLA supertype is that HLA molecules with similar peptide binding features are grouped into one supertype, meaning that if a peptide is able to bind to one allele within a supertype, it can also bind to all other alleles in this supertype. This group focused on HLA-A and -B loci and defined 9 supertypes (HLA-A1, -A2, -A3, -A24, -B7, -B27, -B44, -B58, -B62), which were reported to cover most of the HLA-A and -B polymorphisms. The classification was based on clustering the structural motifs derived from experimentally-determined binding data (2).
In 2008, the group revised and updated the original classification based on the IMGT database (at that time IMGT 2.9) and used an approach based on compilation of published motifs, binding data and analysis of shared repertoires of binding peptides, in combination with clustering based on the primary sequence of the B and F peptide-binding pockets of Class I molecules (Figure 2) (3).
Figure 2. Six pockets defined in the peptide-binding cleft of MHC class I molecules (4).
In the end, 80% of the 945 different HLA-A and -B alleles could be assigned to one of the original 9 supertypes. However, they found that some alleles have specificities spanning over two different supertypes and proposed to increase the number to 12, adding A01 A03, A01 A24 and B08 category (summary of HLA supertype description, table 1) (3).
Table 1. HLA supertype specificity descriptions (3).
Multiple groups have been focusing mostly on the Class I supertype approach, trying to further define and improve the classification. In the end, the updated HLA Class I classification described by Alessandro Sette's group was in agreement with those defined by the approaches from the other groups (e.g. Ole Lund's group) and is now widely accepted (5,6).
In contrast to HLA Class I supertypes, the number of studies about Class II supertypes has been much lower. One important reason is that peptide binding data for Class II molecules is less available than those for Class I molecules due to the complexity of Class II structure. Nevertheless, the studies have suggested the similarity that many DR molecules and many DP molecules can be grouped into supertypes (7,8).
One of the examples of implementing the supertype approach is a study performed by Chowell et al. who investigated the clinical relevance of individual HLA Class I alleles after immune checkpoint blockade therapy. The group examined the effects of Class I supertypes on overall survival and identified two B supertypes, associated with survival outcome in patients with advanced melanoma in two independent cohorts. Patients with B44 superfamily alleles had significantly better survival and, in contrast, patients carrying B62 alleles had significantly reduced survival. Besides the individual effect of supertypes, they also focused on the impact of zygosity confirming that maximal heterozygosity at HLA Class I loci improved overall survival. The conclusion was that their results have important implications for predicting treatment response suggesting these factors could be considered in the design of future clinical trials even if further experimental work is necessary to test some of their additional hypotheses (9).
Following this research, Camacho-Bydume et al. investigated the impact of HLA heterozygosity, supertypes and surface expression on outcomes in adult and pediatric patients with myeloid and lymphoid malignancies undergoing unrelated hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Unlike in the above-mentioned paper, HLA Class I heterozygosity and also HLA expression were not associated with overall survival or other post-transplant outcomes such as relapse, transplant-related mortality (TRM), disease-free survival (DFS) and acute graft-versus-host disease. Nevertheless, they confirmed that B62 supertype was associated with decreased TRM in the entire patient cohort and that B27 supertype was associated with worse DFS in patients with AML which was a unique finding in their study and may have prognostic utility. Their conclusion was that the survival benefit of HLA heterozygosity seen in solid tumor patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibition does not extend to patients undergoing allogeneic HCT. However, certain HLA supertypes are associated with TRM and DFS, suggesting that similarities in peptide presentation between supertype members play a role in these outcomes. Beyond implications for prognosis following HCT, these findings support the further investigation of these HLA supertypes and the specific immune peptides important for transplant outcomes (10).
There have been plenty of publications involving stratification of HLA alleles based on the just described approach where HLA supertypes have been associated with multiple disease associations and various outcomes. Nevertheless, over the time there have also been a number of other Cinderella-like paths which aim to classify HLA alleles into clusters or supertypes. Despite the differences in various classification schemes, the concept of HLA supertypes has been involved in multiple disease studies. It has been effectively used to characterize and identify T cell epitopes and also utilized as a component in several approaches and algorithms designed for predicting peptide binding capacity.
Having its limitations, the HLA supertype approach has been used to continuously investigate the HLA fairytale and, unlike for Cinderella, there are more balls waiting for the HLA community with one of them happening next year in Amsterdam 😉
Robinson J, Halliwell JA, Hayhurst JH, Flicek P, Parham P, Marsh SGE The IPD and IMGT/HLA database: allele variant databases Nucleic Acids Research (2015) 43:D423-431, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ipd/imgt/hla/
Sidney J, Grey HM, Kubo RT, Sette A: Practical, biochemical and evolutionary implications of the discovery of HLA class I supermotifs. Immunol Today 1996, 17:261-6
Sidney J, Peters B, Frahm N, Brander C, Sette A. HLA class I supertypes: a revised and updated classification. BMC Immunol. 2008;9:1.
Achour, A. (2001). Major Histocompatibility Complex: Interaction with Peptides. In eLS, (Ed.). https://doi.org/10.1038/npg.els.0000922
Lund O, Nielsen M, Kesmir C et al (2004) Definition of supertypes for HLA molecules using clustering of specificity matrices. Immunogenetics 55:797–810
Tong JC, Tan TW, Ranganathan S (2007) In silico grouping of peptide/HLA class I complexes using structural interaction characteristics. Bioinformatics 23:177–183
Greenbaum J, Sidney J, Chung J et al (2011) Functional classification of class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules reveals seven different supertypes and a surprising degree of repertoire sharing across supertypes. Immunogenetics 63:325–335
Saha I, Mazzocco G, Plewczynski D (2013) Consensus classification of human leukocyte antigen class II proteins. Immunogenetics 65:97–105
Chowell D, Morris LGT, Grigg CM, et al. Patient HLA class I genotype influences cancer response to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. Science. 2018;359:582–587.
Camacho-Bydume C at al. Specific Class I HLA Supertypes but Not HLA Zygosity or Expression Are Associated with Outcomes following HLA-Matched Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant: HLA Supertypes Impact Allogeneic HCT Outcomes. Transplant Cell Ther. 2021 Feb;27(2):142.e1-142.e11. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2020.10.010
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"Once again, I congratulate the new version 4.2 of the Twin which is much faster and optimized in processing time and alignment." Romulo Vianna, PhD Rio de Janeiro, State University |UERJ
"It's disappointing sometimes how easily HLA Twin deals with challenging samples like rare alleles. The data is there - you're just convinced!" Alexandre Walencik, Biologiste Médical, Laboratoire HLA - Nantes
"We are using next-generation sequencing techniques to advance patient care at Almac and we know that accurate data and meaningful data interpretation are dependent upon employing the best analysis tools and techniques. Omixon was also the strongest performer in terms of total mutations detected with a 99.14% detection sensitivity in single end mode."Gavin Oliver, Bioinformatics Team Leader at Almac
"The Holotype HLA method is optimally designed for the service laboratory user and is supported by a clear and easily followed protocol which facilitates method performance. Omixon is an enabling and supportive company who work with you to deliver successful outcomes for your programme rather than sales."Brendan Clarke, HLA Lab Director at Leeds St. James's University Hospital
"Omixon has developed an excellent direct genotyping method from next generation sequencing that addresses the major problems associated with HLA calling. They have developed industry-leading capabilities that we are very pleased to be able to incorporate into the informatics pipeline that powers our interpretation services offerings."Wolfgang Daum, CEO of Knome
"NGS is rapidly being adopted by clinical and research laboratories worldwide. Easy to use analytical methods and software tools that aid the generation of accurate results are critical for the success of this ground breaking new technology."Dr Lajos Pusztai,Professor at the University of Texas MD
Anderson Cancer Center
"Best of all, the HLA types reported were fully concordant with data obtained using SBT."Mike Tayeb, DNA Genotek
"Omixon's Holotype HLA provided greater accuracy with fewer ambiguities, particularly for problematic specimens, than our Sanger SBT procedures."Dr. Pamela Kimball, VCU Health System Authority
"The NGS kit for HLA genotyping, unlike others available in the market, provides complete control of the reactions from the beginning to the end of the technical process, thus providing a higher cost-benefit ratio for the Laboratory. HLA TWIN is the best and most complete HLA genotyping program on the market and has helped us solve many problems in our laboratory routine."Dr. Rafael Cita, Fundação Pio XII Barretos
"Due to the higher throughput and resolution compared to Sanger sequencing, NGS technology improved significantly HLA typing. Omixon`s Holotype HLA workflow and HLA Twin software could be easily implemented in H&I laboratories. Generation of reliable data and ability to extend the typing to additional loci will allow providing better patient care not only in HSCT, but also in organ transplantation."Dr. Milena Ivanova, Bulgarian Bone Marrow Registry


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