text:
\section{\label{sec:level1}First-level heading}

Since their discovery, the integer \cite{Klitzing} and fractional \cite{Tsui} quantum Hall (QH) effect,  admittedly being a very complex phenomena \cite{Ezawa}, for many years remained predominantly a playground for various theoretical models. For instance, although Lauglin quasi-particles with fractional charge \cite{Laughlin} were successfully observed in experiments based on shot noise measurements \cite{Reznikov,Saminadayar}, their coherence and anyonic exchange statistics are still illusive. Only recently, we have witnessed a number of thorough experimental studies exploring different aspects of the integer QH effect physics, such as the quantum coherence of the edge states \cite{Ji}, the energy relaxation and heat transport at the QH edge \cite{PPPFujisawa},
and many others.

A further progress in experimental techniques at nanoscale provided one with the remarkable control of the electronic quantum states in QH systems, thereby giving birth to the new field in the QH effect physics, dubbed the {quantum electron optics} \cite{Degiovanni}. In this field, experimentalists combine different nanoscale systems, such as quantum point contacts (QPC), quantum dots (QD), QH edge channels, to study specific quantum phenomena.
Between these basic elements of the electron quantum optics, an Ohmic contact, a piece of metal perfectly coupled to QH edge channels, was always considered merely a reservoir of equilibrium electrons \cite{Buttiker}, i.e., an analog of a black body in quantum optics. However, in contrast to photons electrons strongly interact. As a consequence, if the capacitance $C$ of an Ohmic contact is relatively small, so that its charging energy $E_{c}=e^2/2C$ is not negligible, new interaction effects arise.
The notable examples are the suppression of charge quantization caused by quantum fluctuations \cite{Pierre1,Idrisov1}, heat Coulomb blockade (CB) effect \cite{Slobodeniuk,Pierre2}, interaction induced recovery of the phase coherence \cite{Clerk, Idrisov2,Pierre4}, charge Kondo effect \cite{Matveev, Pierre3}, quantization of the anyonic heat flow \cite{Heiblum1}, and the observation of the half-integer thermal Hall conductance \cite{Heiblum2}.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[scale=.6]{figure1}
\caption{\label{fig:one} The quantum ammeter, a system that can be used to measure an electron current fluctuations (injected from the source) at quantum time scales, is schematically shown. It consists of an Ohmic contact (a small piece of metal containing the charge $Q$) perfectly coupled to QH edge states at integer filling factor and loaded by the resistance $R$, and of a QD attached to the outgoing channel. The Ohmic contact splits every incoming electron and transmits ${\cal T}_{{\rm in}}=R/(R+R_q)$ part of it to the outgoing channel, where $R_q$ is the quantum of resistance. The electron distribution function in the outgoing channel $f(\varepsilon)$ is measured by monitoring the resonant tunneling current through a QD, as in Ref.\ [\onlinecite{PPPFujisawa}]. The function $f(\varepsilon)$ contains the contribution from the moment generation function of the current  $j_{{\rm in}}$ injected in the incoming channel.  The constant $\lambda_{{\rm in}}=2\pi {\cal T}_{{\rm in}}$ plays the role of a counting variable in the moment generator, which can be controlled by the the resistance $R$. We assume, that the load resistor does not create partition noise, which is the case where, e.g., it fully transmits $N$ non-chiral modes, so that $R=R_q/N$. Other notations are explained in the text of the paper.}
\end{figure}

In this Letter, we consider an Ohmic contact as an ideal electron fractionalizer. By this we mean that at energies smaller than its charging energy  $E_c$, the Ohmic contact simply splits every electron injected in the incoming channel so that only the fraction ${\cal T}_{{\rm in}}\leq 1$ of the incoming electron charge $e$ is transmitted to one of the outgoing channel, as shown in Fig.\ \ref{fig:one}. This process, caused by the strong Coulomb interaction at the Ohmic contact, is fully deterministic and has to be distinguished from electron beam splitting, where the outgoing state is a superposition of the full (not fractionalized) electron in the outgoing channels.

We furthermore propose to use this system in conjunction with a QD as a  ``quantum ammeter'', i.e., a device that is able to detect the full counting  statistics (FCS) of the fluctuations of the injected current at quantum time scales \cite{Levitov}. Namely, by measuring the resonant tunneling current through a QD, on can record the electron distribution function $f(\varepsilon)$ in the outgoing channel (as experimentally demonstrated in Ref.\ [\onlinecite{PPPFujisawa}]), which is directly related to the electron correlation function in the channel, see Eq.\ (\ref{distrib}). Every time an injected electron crosses the tunneling point, it adds the Friedel's phase shift $\lambda_{{\rm in}}=2\pi {\cal T}_{{\rm in}}$ to the electron correlation function, which after time $t$ acquires the overall contribution in the form of the moment generating function of the charge (\ref{result}) injected to the incoming channel \cite{footnote0}.  The parameter $\lambda_{{\rm in}}$ plays the role of the counting variable, which can be controlled by a load resistor $R$, ideally without adding extra partition noise. In the following, we present the theory of the quantum ammeter and discuss its limitations. Throughout the paper, we set $|e|=\hbar=k_B=1$, which also implies that the resistance quantum $R_q=2\pi\hbar/e^2=2\pi$.

\textit{Model of the quantum ammeter}. We follow Refs.\ \cite{Matveev, Slobodeniuk, Idrisov1,Idrisov2} and use the effective theory \cite{Wen} and the bosonization technique \cite{Giamarchi} to describe QH edge states perfectly coupled to the Ohmic contact. Accordingly, the collective fluctuations of the charge densities
$\rho_{\alpha}(x,t)$ and currents $j_{\alpha}(x,t)$ in the QH edge channels are expressed in terms of the bosonic fields $\phi_{\alpha}(x,t)$,
\begin{equation}
\rho_{\alpha}=(1/2\pi)\partial_x \phi_{\alpha},\quad
j_{\alpha}=-(1/2\pi)\partial_t \phi_{\alpha},
\label{fields}
\end{equation}
where the index $\alpha$ enumerates channels, entering and leaving the Ohmic contact (see Fig.\ \ref{fig:one}).  The electrons in the channels are represented by the vertex operators, $\psi_\alpha(x,t)\propto e^{i\phi_\alpha(x,t)}$, so that the electron distribution function in the outgoing channel reads:
\begin{equation}
f(\varepsilon) = \int\limits_{-\infty}^\infty \frac{dt}{2\pi } e^{-i\varepsilon t} K(t), \quad K(t) \propto \langle e^{-i\phi_{{\rm out}}(t)}e^{i\phi_{{\rm out}}(0)}\rangle.
\label{distrib}
\end{equation}
Here, the prefactor in the expression for $K(t)$ can be fixed in the end of calculations by comparing to the equilibrium correlation function for free electrons.

Next, we apply the Langevin equation method \cite{Slobodeniuk,Sukhorukov1} to evaluate electron correlation function $K(t)$. This method has been successfully used \cite{Idrisov1,Pierre1} to describe experiments on the decay of CB oscillations \cite{Pierre1,Pierre2,Pierre3}. According to this method, an Ohmic contact serves as a resorvoir of neutral excitations, which are accounted by introducing Langevin currents $j_{c}$ and $j_{R}$ in the equation of motion for the charge $Q$ of the contact (see Fig.\ref{fig:one}). The details of the evaluations are presented in the supplementary material, while the results are rather intuitive. At frequencies small compared to the charging energy, $\omega\ll E_{c}$, the outgoing current is simply expressed in terms of the incoming current  $j_{{\rm in}}$, and the Langevin sources, $j_{c}$ and $j_{R}$:
\begin{equation}
\label{Outgoing currents}
 j_{{\rm out}}(\omega)=\sum_{\alpha} {\cal T}_\alpha j_\alpha(\omega),\quad
  j'_{\rm out}(\omega)=\sum_{\alpha} {\cal T}'_\alpha j_\alpha(\omega),
\end{equation}
where $\alpha=({\rm in},c,R)$, and the frequency-independent transmission coefficients take the following form
\begin{subequations}
\label{coefficients}
\begin{align}
\label{coefficients1}
& -{\cal T}_{R}={\cal T}_{{\rm in}}=1-{\cal T}_{c}=R/(R_q+R),\\
& -{\cal T}'_{c}={\cal T}'_{{\rm in}}=1-{\cal T}'_{R}=R_q/(R_q+R).
\label{coefficients2}
\end{align}
\end{subequations}
By solving Eqs.\ (\ref{fields}-\ref{coefficients}), one  arrives at the following  expression for the electron correlation function
\begin{equation}
K(t)\propto \prod_{\alpha= {\rm in},c,R}\langle e^{i\lambda_\alpha Q_\alpha(t)}e^{-i\lambda_\alpha Q_\alpha(0)}\rangle,
\label{K}
\end{equation}
where $Q_\alpha (t)=\int^{t}_{-\infty} j_\alpha (t^{\prime})dt^{\prime}$ is the total charge in the channel $\alpha$, and  $\lambda_{\alpha}=2\pi {\cal T}_{\alpha}$.

At zero bath temperature the Langevin sources $j_\alpha$ acquire  correlation functions in the form
\begin{subequations}
\label{LS}
\begin{align}
\label{LS1}
& \langle j_\alpha(\omega) j_\alpha(\omega')\rangle=2\pi S_\alpha(\omega)\delta(\omega+\omega'), \quad \alpha= c,R,\\
& S_{c}(\omega)=\frac{\omega/R_q}{1-e^{-\omega/T_{c}}},\quad S_{R}(\omega) =\frac{\omega/R}{1-e^{-\omega/T_{c}}}+\frac{\omega\theta(\omega)}{R},
\label{LS2}
\end{align}
\end{subequations}
where $T_{c}$ is the temperature of the Ohmic contact. The current $j_{c}$ is chiral, while $j_{R}$ is not, therefore the second term in the expression for $S_{R}$ is the contribution of the incoming states. These relations follow from the fluctuation-dissipation theorem for currents.
Assuming for the moment a cold Ohmic contact, $T_{c}=0$ (the heating effects are studied below),
and using Eqs.\ (\ref{fields}-\ref{K}), we arrive at the following expression for the distribution function
\begin{subequations}
\label{result}
\begin{align}
\label{distrib2}
&-\frac{d f(\varepsilon)}{d\varepsilon} = \int _{-\infty}^\infty\frac{dt}{2\pi } e^{-i\varepsilon t} {\cal G}(\lambda_{{\rm in}},t), \\
&{\cal G}(\lambda_{\rm{in}},t)= (t+i0)^{{\cal T}^2_{{\rm in}}}\langle e^{i\lambda_{\rm in} Q_{\rm in}(t)}e^{-i\lambda_{\rm in} Q_{\rm in}(0)}\rangle,
\label{FCS}
\end{align}
\end{subequations}
where the correlation function ${\cal G}(\lambda_{\rm in},t)$, normalized to its ground-state part $1/(t+i0)^{{\cal T}^2_{\rm in}}$,
can be considered the quantum FCS generator \cite{Levitov} of the injected non-equilibrium current $j_{\rm in}$, with $\lambda_{\rm in}=2\pi {\cal T}_{\rm in}$ playing the role of the counting variable \cite{footnote0}. In particular, if no current is injected in the ammeter, then ${\cal G}=1$ and
$df(\varepsilon)/d\varepsilon=-\delta(\varepsilon)$, as expected.

\textit{Applications.} In what follows, we  consider examples of various systems injecting currents with different statistics into the incoming channel, as shown in Fig.\ (\ref{fig:one}). We start with the simplest example of the tunneling current through a barrier with the transparency $D\ll 1$. At long times, $t\Delta\mu \gg 1$, where $\Delta\mu$ is the applied potential difference, the fluctuations of charge can be considered classical, and their statistics is known to be Poissonian \cite{Levitov}: $\log({\cal G})=(t\Delta\mu/2\pi) D(e^{i\lambda_{\rm in}}-1)$ for $t>0$. Taking into account the fact, that all the odd (even) cumulants are odd (even) functions of time, one can write
\begin{subequations}
\begin{align}
\label{Lorentzian}
&-\frac{df(\varepsilon)}{d\varepsilon}=\frac{1}{\pi}\frac{\gamma}{(\varepsilon-\varepsilon_0)^2+\gamma^2},\\
&\varepsilon_0 =\frac{\Delta\mu D}{2\pi} \sin(\lambda_{\rm in}),\quad \gamma=\frac{\Delta\mu D}{2\pi} [1-\cos(\lambda_{\rm in})].
\label{parameters}
\end{align}
\end{subequations}
This result is justified in the limit $D\ll 1$, since the integral in Eq.\ ({\ref{distrib}) comes from long (Markovian) time scales. For example, if the load resistor transmits only one channel, $R=R_q$, one has $\lambda_{\rm in}=\pi$, and the broadening acquires the maximum value of $\gamma=\Delta\mu D/\pi$, while the energy shift vanishes, $\varepsilon_0=0$. Let us compare this result to the Gaussian noise case, where the functions in Eq.\ (\ref{parameters}) have to be expanded to second order in $\lambda_{\rm in}$. Then,  the energy shift $\varepsilon_0=\Delta\mu D/2$ is simply induced by the average bias in the outgoing QH edge channel, and the broadening $\gamma=\pi\Delta\mu D/4$ is larger compared to the one for the non-Gaussian noise.  Finally, we note, that the contributions to ${\cal G}$ from short time scales $t\sim1/\Delta\mu$ lead to the asymmetry of the tails of the peak in $-df(\varepsilon)/d\varepsilon$, studied in Refs.\ \cite{Chernii,Borin}.

Next, we consider the classical noise induced by sequential tunneling through a resonant level at zero temperature and with the in and out rate $\Gamma_1$ and $\Gamma_2$, respectively. The FCS generator of this process can be obtained by solving the generalized master equation \cite{deJong} with the result ${\cal G}=\sum_{m=1,2}{\cal G}_m e^{\Lambda_m t}$ for $t>0$, where $\Lambda_m(\lambda_{\rm in})$ are the two eigenvalues of the  transition matrix, and ${\cal G}_m (\lambda_{\rm in})$ are the corresponding weights (see the supplementary material). In the long time limit, one of the exponential function dominates, and the noise becomes Markovian with the known generator \cite{deJong}.
In the symmetric case, $\Gamma_1=\Gamma_2=\Gamma$, the weights are real functions, ${\cal G}_m=[1\pm\cos(\lambda_{\rm in}/2)]/2$, while eigenvalues take the simple form: $\Lambda_m=-\Gamma\pm\Gamma e^{i\lambda_{\rm in}/2}$. Therefore, the function $-df(\varepsilon)/d\varepsilon$ acquires the double-peak structure,
\begin{equation}
\label{Lorentzian2}
-\frac{df(\varepsilon)}{d\varepsilon}=\frac{1}{\pi}\sum_{m=1,2}\frac{{\cal G}_m\gamma_m}{(\varepsilon-\varepsilon_m)^2+\gamma_m^2},\\
\end{equation}
where  $\varepsilon_m=\pm\Gamma\sin(\lambda_{\rm in}/2)$ and $\gamma_m=\Gamma[1\mp\cos(\lambda_{\rm in}/2)]$. In particular, for $R=R_q$ one has $\lambda_{\rm in}=\pi$, and thus the function $-df/d\varepsilon$ shows two equal peaks with ${\cal G}_m=1/2$, $\gamma_m=\Gamma$, and $\varepsilon_m=\pm \Gamma$.

Finally, we consider the noise of a QPC at intermediate transparencies $D$ as an example of the quantum process. In this case, one may observe the noise induced phase transition, studied in Ref.\ \cite{Levkivskyi}, which originates from the singularity in the Markovian cumulant generator at $D=1/2$ and $\lambda_{\rm in}=\pi$, i.e., $R=R_q$. Here, we concentrate on the Gaussian noise case (for the details of calculations, see the supplementary material) and present the full time dependence of the cumulant generator $\log {\cal G}=it\Delta\mu D{\cal T}_{\rm in}-2 D(1-D){\cal T}^2_{\rm in}F(t\Delta\mu)$, where $F(t\Delta\mu)=\int_0^1dx(1-x)x^{-2}[1-\cos(t\Delta\mu x)]$. We evaluate the time integral in Eq.\ (\ref{distrib}) numerically and show the result in Fig.\ \ref{fig:two} for the transparency of the QPC $D=1/2$ and for the load resistance $R=R_q/2$ (blue line).

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[scale=.6]{figure2}
\caption{\label{fig:two} Minus derivative of the distribution function in the outgoing channel (blue line), normalized to the voltage bias $\Delta\mu$, is plotted as a function of normalized energy for the load resistance $R=R_q/2$, and consequently, for $\lambda_{\rm in}=2\pi R/(R+R_q)=2\pi/3$. Broadening of the distribution function, caused by the Gaussian noise in the incoming channel, created by the QPC with the transparency $D=1/2$, is characterized by the effective temperature $T_{\rm out}$ in Eq.\ (\ref{efT}). It is found by comparing the energy flux in the channel, $J_{\rm out}=(R_q/2)\langle j_{\rm in}^2\rangle$, to the one for the equilibrium distribution (shown by the red line). Both distribution are shifted in energy by the value $\Delta \mu_{\rm out} = D \mathcal{T}_{\rm in} \Delta \mu=\Delta\mu/6$. Interestingly, the equilibrium distribution appears to be broader, which can be attributed to the fact that it saturates faster at high energies, than the none-equilibrium one.}
\end{figure}

In order to characterize the non-equilibrium distribution function in the outgoing channel, we compare it to the equilibrium one for the same effective temperature $T_{\rm out}$, which is determined as follows. The electronic energy flux of the equilibrium chiral channel reads
\begin{equation}
\label{fluxd}
J_{\rm out}= \frac{1}{R_q}\int\limits_{-\infty}^{\infty}d\varepsilon \varepsilon [f(\varepsilon)-\theta(\Delta \mu_{\rm out}-\varepsilon)]=\pi T^2_{\rm out}/12,
\end{equation}
which is nothing but the heat flux quantum. For the non-equilibrium channel, one can directly use the expression (\ref{result}) with the definition of the energy flux (\ref{fluxd}), compare the results, and thus find the effective temperature of the Gaussian noise. Alternatively, one can use the expression $J_{\rm out}=(R_q/2)\langle j_{\rm out}^2\rangle$ in terms of bosons (see, e.g., Ref.\ \cite{Slobodeniuk}), and compare it to the energy flux quantum (see the supplementary material). With both methods one obtains
\begin{equation}
\label{efT}
T^2_{\rm out}=\frac{3}{\pi^2}D(1-D)\left(\mathcal{T}_{\rm in}\Delta \mu\right)^2.
\end{equation}
One can now use this expression for the effective temperature $T_{\rm out}$ and the effective bias $\Delta \mu_{\rm out} = D \mathcal{T}_{\rm in} \Delta \mu $ of the channel to plot the equilibrium distribution function (see Fig.\ \ref{fig:two}, red line). Interestingly, the equilibrium distribution functions appears to be broader than the non-equilibrium one, which, we think, is compensated by its faster decay at large energies.

\textit{Effects of  heating.} So far, we have neglected the effect of  heating of the Ohmic contact assuming that its temperature vanishes, $T_{c}=0$, so that the Langevin sources $j_{c}$ and $j_{R}$ contain only ground-state fluctuations. This assumption greatly simplifies the operation of the quantum ammeter, however, it is justified only if coupling to phonons is sufficiently strong, so that they are able to evacuate extra heat. Now, we relax this requirement and assume full thermalization inside the Ohmic contact, so the temperature $T_{c}$ is to be found from the energy balance equations (for the recent closely related analysis, which accounts for coupling to phonons, see Ref.\ \cite{recent}).

The incoming energy flux is given by $J_{\rm in}=(R_q/2)\langle j_{\rm in}^2\rangle$ (see, e.g., Ref.\ \cite{Slobodeniuk}), while the outgoing energy flux reads $J_{\rm out}=(R_q/2)\langle j_{\rm out}^2\rangle+(R/2)\langle {j'}^2_{\!\! {\rm out}}\rangle$. The total energy flux is conserved, $J_{\rm in}=J_{\rm out}$. By using Eqs.\ (\ref{Outgoing currents}) and (\ref{coefficients}),  we obtain $J_{\rm in}=(R_q/2)\langle j_{c}^2\rangle+(R^2/2R_q)\langle j_{R}^2\rangle$. By substituting the correlators (\ref{LS}) to this equation, integrating over $\omega$, and subtracting the ground-state contribution, we arrive at the following result:
\begin{equation}
\label{TC}
T_{c}^2=\frac{6R_q^2}{\pi(R_q+R)}\left[\langle j_{\rm in}^2\rangle-\langle j_{\rm in}^2\rangle_0\right],
\end{equation}
where $\langle j_{\rm in}^2\rangle_0$ is the ground-state part \cite{footnote}. Finally, one can use the temperature  $T_{c}$ from this equation in order to evaluate the correlators (\ref{LS}), and eventually, the distribution function (\ref{distrib}) with the help of Eqs.\ (\ref{Outgoing currents}-\ref{K}).

The difficulty that arises in the last step is that for the situations of interest, $R/ R_q\sim 1$, where the coupling to the charged mode is not small, ${\cal T}_{\rm in}\sim 1$, the neutral modes contribute an arbitrary fraction $q=\sqrt{1-{\cal T}^2_{\rm in}}$ of the equilibrium single boson channel at the temperature $T_{c}$ to the outgoing state, which is not small, either. Therefore, the FCS generator in Eq.\ (\ref{FCS}) is modified as follows:
\begin{equation}
\tilde {\cal G}(\lambda_{\rm in},t)= {\cal G}(\lambda_{\rm in},t)K_q(t, T_{c}),
\end{equation}
where $K_q(t, T_{c})=\langle e^{-iq\phi_{c}(t)}e^{iq\phi_{c}(0)}\rangle$ is the equilibrium correlator of the fractional quasiparticle with the charge $q\leq 1$ normalized to its ground state value, so that $K_q(t, 0)=1$. This correlator smears out the distribution function (\ref{distrib2}) introducing the effect that is difficult to account analytically. Therefore, we suggest to calibrate the quantum ammeter by measuring $-df/d\varepsilon$ for a noiseless biased incoming channel, $ j_{\rm in}=\langle j_{\rm in}\rangle$, and evaluating the Fourier transform to find the function $K_q(t, T_{c})$. Then, for the case of the non-zero noise, one can bias all the incoming channels in order to cancel the average current contribution in Eq.\ (\ref{TC}) to obtain $\langle \delta j_{\rm in}^2\rangle=\langle j_{\rm in}\rangle^2$. In this case, the function $K_q$ remains the same, and one can simply cancel it in the results of the measurements in order to obtain the FCS generator ${\cal G}(\lambda_{\rm in},t)$.

\textit{Discussion.}
First, we note, that in the limit $R\to\infty$ (floating Ohmic contact) $\lambda_{\rm in}=2\pi$, as follows from Eq.\ (\ref{coefficients1}). Heating is also negligible, according to Eq.\ (\ref{TC}). Therefore ${\cal G}$ is given by Eq.\ (\ref{FCS}) and is equal to the correlation function of electrons in the incoming channel. Thus, in this case the Ohmic contact not only conserves the phase of incoming electrons in the outgoing channel, as has been experimentally demonstrated in Ref.\ \cite{Pierre4}, but should also conserve the electron distribution function at all energies smaller than $E_c$.

Second, throughout the paper we assumed that incoming and outgoing channels do not interact with other QH channels, if they are present. This assumption is justified, if the distance to the injection and detection point from the Ohmic contact is shorter than $v/\Delta\mu$, where $v$ is the velocity of the slowest neutral mode. In the opposite limit, one should take into account the charge fractionalization caused by the interaction between channels. At large distances one can neglect accumulated phases, which leads to the relatively simple modification of the scattering coefficients, Eq.\  (\ref{coefficients}). For instance, at the filling factor $\nu=2$ the strong Coulomb interaction splits the spectrum of the edge plasmons into the neutral and charged mode, and equally distributes each injected electron between two channels \cite{split}.

Finally, we have focused on the QH systems at integer filling factors, where the fermionic description is allowed. At fractional fillings the physics is more intricate. First of all, the spectrum of collective excitations at the edge is more complex, e.g., due to the emergence of upstream neutral mode \cite{upstream}. Second, the statistics of injected currents might be less simple at large transparencies. And what is more important, the physics of the Ohmic contact at general filling fractions is not yet well understood. However, at $\nu=1/m$, where $m$ is the odd integer number, edge of the QH system is known to support solely one charged mode. In this case, our model may still be applied by replacing $R_q\to mR_q$, and after some modification of the correlation functions \cite{IvanSingle}.

To summarize, we have investigated an Ohmic contact, a small piece of metal perfectly coupled to chiral QH edge states, and demonstrated that at energies small compared to its charging energy $E_c$, it fractionalizes electron states, thus only a fraction ${\cal T}_{\rm in}$ of an incoming electron is transmitted to one of the outgoing channels. We have shown that this system can serve as a ``quantum ammeter'' device: By monitoring the resonant tunneling current through a QD attached to the outgoing channel one can measure the generator of the FCS of the  incoming current, with $\lambda_{\rm in}=2\pi {\cal T}_{\rm in}$ playing the role of the counting variable. After presenting several applications of this device, we have  discussed how to calibrate the quantum ammeter to account for the effects of heating.

We are grateful to F. Pierre for fruitful discussion. E. I. acknowledges financial support from the Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg under the grants AT-
TRACT 7556175 and INTER 11223315. E. S. acknowledges financial support from the Swiss National Science Foundation.

\section{\label{sec:level1}First-level heading}

\section{Langevin equations and electron distribution function}

Here, we follow the Refs.\ \cite{Slobodeniuk,Idrisov1,Idrisov2} and write the equations of motion for the currents and the charge $Q$ in the Ohmic contact in the  form (see Fig.\ 1 of the main text):
\begin{equation}
 \dot{Q}(t)=j_{\rm in}(t)-j_{\rm out}(t)-j'_{\rm out}(t), \quad
 j_{\rm out}(t)=\frac{Q(t)}{R_q C}+j_c(t), \quad
j^{\prime}_{\rm out}(t)= \frac{Q(t)}{R C}+j_R(t),
\end{equation}
where the first equation expresses the conservation of charge, while the second and the third one are the Langevin equations, which have the following physical meaning: On the right hand side the contributions $Q(t)/R_q C$ and $Q(t)/R C$ are the currents induced by the time-dependent potential $Q(t)/C$ of the Ohmic contact, while the terms  $j_c(t)$ and $j_R(t)$ are the Langevin current sources. After straightforward calculations, we present the outgoing currents in the following form
\begin{equation}
j_{\rm out}(\omega)= \sum_{\alpha={\rm in},c,R} \mathcal{T}_\alpha(\omega)j_\alpha(\omega),\quad j'_{\rm out}(\omega)= \sum_{\alpha={\rm in},c,R} \mathcal{T}'_\alpha(\omega)j_\alpha(\omega)
\end{equation}
where $\mathcal{T}_R(\omega)=-\mathcal{T}_{\rm in}(\omega)=\mathcal{T}_c(\omega)-1=1/[i\omega R_q C-R_q/R -1]$, and $\mathcal{T}'_c(\omega)=-\mathcal{T}'_{\rm in}(\omega)=\mathcal{T}'_R(\omega)-1=(R_q/R)\mathcal{T}_R(\omega)$. At frequencies small compared to the charging energy, $\omega \ll E_c\sim 1/R_qC$, the outgoing currents are given by Eq.\ (3) of the main text.

Next, we use the Eq.\  (5) of the main text to obtain the following expression for the electron correlation function at zero temperature:
\begin{equation}
 K(t) \propto (it+0)^{-2R_q {\cal T}^2_c G_c-2R_q {\cal T}^2_R G_R} \langle e^{i\lambda_{\rm in} Q_{\rm in}(t)}e^{-\lambda_{\rm in}Q_{\rm in}(0)}\rangle.
\end{equation}
We note, that the coefficients ${\cal T}_\alpha$ satisfy the summation rule:  $\sum_\alpha |{\cal T}_\alpha|^2G_\alpha=1/2R_q $, where $G_{\rm in}=G_c=1/2R_q$, $G_R=1/R$. Taking this relation into account and using Eq.\ (2), we straightforwardly get Eqs.\ (7) of main text, namely
\begin{equation}
-\frac{df(\varepsilon)}{d\varepsilon} = \int \frac{dt}{2\pi} e^{-i\varepsilon t}\mathcal{G}(\lambda_{\rm in},t), \quad \text{where} \quad \mathcal{G}(\lambda_{\rm in},t ) \propto (it+0)^{{\cal T}^2_{\rm in}} \langle e^{i\lambda_{\rm in} Q_{\rm in}(t)}e^{-\lambda_{\rm in}Q_{\rm in}(0)}\rangle.
\end{equation}

\section{Full counting statistics of sequential tunneling}

According to Ref.\ \cite{deJong}, the FCS generator of sequential electron tunneling through a single level in a QD can be  obtained by solving  the generalized master equation. Here, we briefly derive it by considering the evolution of the joint probability distribution function $P_l(n,t)$, where $l=1,2$ enumerates states of the empty and occupied level, and $n$ is the number of electrons in the right reservoir (see Fig.\ \ref{fig:one:a}).  At zero temperature, the probability distribution function satisfies the infinite set of master equations:
\begin{equation}
\label{master1}
\partial_t P_1(n,t)=-\Gamma_1 P_1(n,t)+\Gamma_2 P_2(n-1,t),\quad \partial_t P_2(n,t)=-\Gamma_2 P_2(n,t)+\Gamma_1 P_1(n,t).
\end{equation}
Then, the FCS generator can formally be written as:
\begin{equation}
\label{generators}
{\cal G}(\lambda_{\rm in},t)=\sum_{l=1,2}g_l(\lambda_{\rm in},t),\quad \text{where}\quad g_l(\lambda_{\rm in},t)=
\sum_{n,l',n'}P_l(n,t)P^{(0)}_{l'}(n')e^{i\lambda_{\rm in}(n-n')},
\end{equation}
with the initial condition $P_l(n,0)=\delta_{l,l'}\delta_{n,n'}$, while $P^{(0)}_l(n)$ is the stationary distribution of master equations (\ref{master1}).

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[scale=.6]{figure1a}
\caption{\label{fig:one:a}  Sequential tunneling via the resonant level $\varepsilon_0$ in a double-barrier structure, e.g., in a QD, is schematically shown. At strong biases, $E_F+\Delta\mu>\varepsilon_0>E_F$ and $\Delta\mu\gg\Gamma_{1,2}$, the transport of electrons arises due to tunneling from the left to the right reservoir through two barriers with the rates $\Gamma_1$ and $\Gamma_2$.}
\end{figure}

We have intentionally introduced the moment generator $g_l(\lambda_{\rm in},t)$ in the mixed representation, because it satisfies simple generalized master equations
\begin{equation}
\label{master2}
\partial_t g_1(\lambda_{\rm in},t)=-\Gamma_1 g_1(\lambda_{\rm in},t)+\Gamma_2e^{i\lambda_{\rm in}} g_2(\lambda_{\rm in},t),\quad \partial_t g_2(\lambda_{\rm in},t)=-\Gamma_2 g_2(\lambda_{\rm in},t)+\Gamma_1 g_1(\lambda_{\rm in},t),
\end{equation}
as follows from its definition and from the master equations  (\ref{master1}). The formal solution of these equations reads:
\begin{equation}
g_l(\lambda_{\rm in},t)=\sum_{m=1,2}c_mv_{ml}e^{i\Lambda_m t}, \quad t>0,
\end{equation}
where $v_{ml}$ and $\Lambda_m$ are the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the matrix of the coefficients in Eq.\ (\ref{master2}), respectively, and $c_k$ are arbitrary constants. These coefficients can be found from the initial condition for $g_l(\lambda_{\rm in},t)$, which follows from Eq.\ (\ref{generators}), that it is equal to the stationary occupations of the QD level: $g_1=\Gamma_2/(\Gamma_1+\Gamma_2)$ and
$g_2=\Gamma_1/(\Gamma_1+\Gamma_2)$.

Taking the final trace, ${\cal G}(\lambda_{\rm in},t)=\sum_{l=1,2}g_l(\lambda_{\rm in},t)$, after straightforward calculations we arrive at the following result
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{G}(\lambda_{\rm in},t)=\sum_{m=1,2}\mathcal{G}_m(\lambda_{\rm in})e^{\Lambda_m(\lambda_{\rm in})t},\quad t>0,
\end{equation}
where the  ``weights'' and eigenvalues are given by $\mathcal{G}_{1,2}(\lambda_{\rm in})=[1 \pm F(\lambda_{\rm in})]/2$ and $\Lambda_{1,2}(\lambda_{\rm in})=-[\Gamma_1+\Gamma_2 \mp \beta(\lambda_{\rm in}) ]/2$, respectively, with
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
& F(\lambda_{\rm in})=\frac{\beta(\lambda_{\rm in})}{\Gamma_1+\Gamma_2}-\frac{2\Gamma_1 \Gamma_2 (e^{i\lambda_{\rm in}}-1)}{\beta(\lambda_{\rm in})[\Gamma_1+\Gamma_2]}, \\
& \beta(\lambda_{\rm in})=\sqrt{(\Gamma_1+\Gamma_2)^2+4\Gamma_1 \Gamma_2 (e^{i\lambda_{\rm in}}-1)}. \\
\end{split}
\end{equation}

Finally, using Eqs.\ (7) of the main text the electron distribution function can be presented in the following form
\begin{equation}
-\frac{d f(\varepsilon)}{d\varepsilon}=\text{Re}\left[ \int^{\infty}_0 \frac{dt}{\pi}e^{-i\varepsilon t} \mathcal{G}(\lambda_{\rm in},t)\right]=\sum_{m=1,2} \text{Re}\left[ \frac{1}{\pi}\frac{\mathcal{G}_m}{\gamma_m+i(\varepsilon-\varepsilon_m)}\right],
\end{equation}
where  $\varepsilon_m = \text{Im} [\Lambda_m (\lambda_{\rm in})]$ and $\gamma_m = -\text{Re}[\Lambda_m (\lambda_{\rm in})]>0$. For the case of the symmetric system, $\Gamma_1=\Gamma_2=\Gamma$, these expressions take the simple form: $\Lambda_{1,2}=-\Gamma \pm \Gamma e^{i\lambda_{\rm in}/2}$ and $\mathcal{G}_{1,2}=[1 \pm \cos(\lambda_{\rm in}/2)]/2$.

\section{Broadening  of the electron distribution function by a  Gaussian noise}
Typically, the effective noise temperature is defined by comparing the zero-frequency noise power to its equilibrium value given by the fluctuation-dissipation relation. However, in order to compare equilibrium and non-equilibrium distribution functions, it is more appropriate to define the effective noise temperature via the energy fluxes of two distributions (for the details, see Ref.\ \cite{Slobodeniuk}), which characterize their broadening. The total energy flux in the outgoing channel can be written as
\begin{equation}
J_{\rm out}=(R_q/2)[\langle j^2_{\rm out}\rangle-\langle j^2_{\rm out}\rangle_{0}]=(1/2)\int d\omega [S_{\rm out}(\omega)-S_{0}(\omega)],
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
S_{\rm out}(\omega)=\int dt e^{i\omega t}\langle j_{\rm out}(t)j_{\rm out}(0)\rangle
\end{equation}
is the noise power of the outgoing current, and $S_0(\omega)$ is its ground-state value. For the equilibrium chiral channel with the temperature $T_{\rm out}$ the fluctuation-dissipation relation reads:
\begin{equation}
S_{\rm out}(\omega)=\frac{\omega/R_q}{1-e^{-\omega/T_{\rm out}}},\quad \text{ and}\quad  S_0(\omega)=\omega \theta(\omega)/R_q,
\end{equation}
thus the equilibrium channel carries the energy flux $J_{\rm out}=\pi T^2_{\rm out}/12$, which is nothing but the flux quantum.

In the case of a Gaussian non-equilibrium noise, one can use Eq.\ (3) of the main text and the property $\sum_{\alpha} \mathcal{T}^2_{\alpha} G_{\alpha}=1/2R_q$, where $G_{\rm in}=G_c=1/2R_q$ and $G_R=1/R$, to write
\begin{equation}
\label{eq1}
J_{\rm out}=\frac{1}{2}\sum_{\alpha={\rm in}, c,R} \int d\omega\left[  \mathcal{T}^2_{\alpha}  S_{\alpha}(\omega)-S_0(\omega) \right]=
(\mathcal{T}^2_{\rm in}/2) \int d\omega\left[S_{\rm in}(\omega)-S_0(\omega)\right],
\end{equation}
where $S_{\rm in}(\omega)$ is the noise power in the incoming channel.  By applying the scattering theory \cite{BB}, one obtains for the voltage biased QPC at zero temperature:
\begin{equation}
\label{eq2}
S_{\rm in}(\omega)=S_0(\omega)+D(1-D)\times\left[\sum_{\sigma=\pm}S_{0}(\omega+\sigma \Delta \mu)-2S_0(\omega)\right].
\end{equation}
Substituting this expression into Eq.\ (\ref{eq1}), one easily obtains
\begin{equation}
\label{Heat flux}
J_{\rm out}=\frac{1}{4\pi}D(1-D)\left(\mathcal{T}_{\rm in}\Delta \mu\right)^2
\end{equation}
Interestingly, for $\mathcal{T}_{\rm in}=1$ this expression agrees with the electron energy flux evaluated right after the QPC. Thus, the suppression of high-order cumulants conserves the energy flux.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[scale=.7]{figure2a}
\caption{\label{fig:two:a}   Minus derivative of the distribution function (blue lines), normalized to the voltage bias $\Delta\mu$, is plotted as a function of normalized energy for different values of the load resistance $R$ [consequently, for different coupling constants $\lambda_{\rm in}=2\pi R/(R+R_q)$]. Broadening of the distribution function, caused by the Gaussian noise of the QPC with the transparency $D=1/2$, is characterized by the effective temperature in Eq.\ (\ref{efT}), evaluated by comparing the energy flux in the channel to the one for the equilibrium distribution (red lines).}
\end{figure}

Finally, we compare the result  (\ref{Heat flux}) to the flux quantum $J_{\rm out}=\pi T_{\rm out}^2/12$ to defind the effective temperature of the channel
\begin{equation}
\label{efT}
T^2_{\rm out}=\frac{3}{\pi^2}D(1-D)\left(\mathcal{T}_{\rm in}\Delta \mu\right)^2.
\end{equation}
Note, that only the fraction $D\mathcal{T}_{\rm in} $ of electrons from the reservoir reaches the outgoing channel. Thus, the effective bias in this channel reads:
\begin{equation}
\label{bias}
\Delta \mu_{\rm out} = D\mathcal{T}_{\rm in} \Delta \mu .
\end{equation}

In the next step, we use Eqs.\ (7) of the main text, the Gaussian character of the noise (expanding the correlator in Eqs.\ (7) to second order in $\lambda_{\rm in}$, averaging, and re-exponentiating the result), and Eq.\ (\ref{eq2}), to obtain
\begin{equation}
\label{eq3}
-\frac{\partial f}{\partial \varepsilon}= \int \frac{dt}{2\pi}e^{-i\varepsilon t} \mathcal{G}_{\rm in}(\lambda_{\rm in},t), \quad \log \mathcal{G} = it \Delta \mu D \mathcal{T}_{\rm in}-2D(1-D)\mathcal{T}^2_{\rm in}F(t\Delta \mu),
\end{equation}
where $F(t\Delta\mu)=\int_0^1dx(1-x)x^{-2}[1-\cos(t\Delta\mu x)]$ is the dimensionless function, and we set $\lambda_{\rm in}=2\pi \mathcal{T}_{\rm in}$. We are now in the position to compare the equilibrium and non-equilibrium distribution function. For doing so, we evaluate the integral in Eq.\ (\ref{eq3}) numerically and present the results in Fig.\ \ref{fig:two:a} together with the equilibrium distributions with the temperature $T_{\rm out}$ and the bias $\Delta\mu_{\rm out}$ from Eqs.\ (\ref{efT}) and (\ref{bias}) for different values of $\lambda_{\rm in}$. The apparent difference in broadening of equilibrium and non-equilibrium distribution functions (with the same effective temperatures) can, most likely, be attributed to the fact, that the non-equilibrium distribution decays slower at high energies. This effect is more pronounced for smaller values of $\lambda_{\rm in}$, because at $\lambda_{\rm in}\ll 1$ the function $-df/d\varepsilon$ acquires power-law tails at $|\varepsilon|\gg\Delta\mu$.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Beginning this January, traditional incandescent bulbs will go dark and newer compact fluorescents and LED bulbs will light up. A 2007 bill set new efficiency standards for light bulb manufacturers, mandating that 40 watt bulbs must draw no more than 10.5 watts, while 60 watt bulbs may only draw 11 watts.
The United States government intends to conserve the nation's available energy, but the move could pose negative health risks, especially in regards to skin.
Compact fluorescent bulbs contain liquid mercury and the incoming electricity converts some of the mercury into gas when the light is turned on. This vapor emits invisible ultraviolet light, then absorbed by the bulb's phosphor coating, which serves two purposes, re-emitting the UV rays as visible light and shielding human skin from harm.
However, a 2012 Stony Brook University study showed that the twisted CFL bulbs, which also use mercury, are more likely to leak UV light than traditional fluorescent bulbs.
"[Many of these bulbs] have cracks in the phosphor coating, probably due to the fact that the coating is brittle and has trouble making the tight bends required to make these bulbs compact," Miriam Rafailovich, the study's lead author and a Stony Brook professor of material sciences and engineering, told Fox News.
The study's researchers discovered that CFL bulb exposure causes damage to healthy human skin cells, similar to that from UV radiation. It's unclear how much exposure is enough to cause serious negative health effects.


Good morning! I'm super excited to share this gorgeous book with you all today. I was recently sent a copy of Lulu Powers: Food to Flowers to review. For those of you who are unfamiliar, Lulu Powers is one of Los Angeles's premier caterers and event planners.
I love to throw a good party. But sometimes I get stuck in my ways. The same treats. The same decor. The same everything. Food to Flowers offers up a multitude ideas to make any event unforgettable. Lulu covers EVERYTHING you could possibly think of from decor to drinks to dishes, etc. But at the heart of it all is the food. And there are recipes that vegetarians and non-vegetarians alike can enjoy.
Let's take a peek inside . . .
So, whether it's a clambake, retro game night (my favorite), baby shower, high-end brunch, or child's birthday party, you're covered. Not only that, Lulu provides tips and tricks for any stage of life (and by that, I mean BUDGET!). The pages are teeming with clever ideas to make an event not only memorable, but also easy on the wallet. Of course, for more lavish affairs, there are tons of ideas, too.
The book's subtitle is "Simple, Stylish Food for Easy Entertaining" -- and that's definitely accurate. But what's better is that the book isn't just for entertaining guests. No, you can even entertain yourself by using it as a cookbook! Seriously, there are many, many delicious recipes to choose from. I mean, we like to treat many of our weekend meals as events even if it's just the two of us. So, if you're looking for a book that will do double duty -- this one is it. It's bursting with recipes for anything from chocolate-cranberry oatmeal cookies to fresh mint tea!
The book, as all do, comes to a close . . . but not without pages upon pages of sources, tips, and checklists. Overall, if you're looking for a good book on entertaining, you should seriously consider checking this one out. It's one of my new favorite go-to books, especially for the food photography inspiration (by Stephen Danelian).


Prime Minister Narendra Modi greeted people on the occasion of Diwali. "Happy Diwali! May this festival bring happiness, good health and prosperity in everyone's lives. May the power of good and brightness always prevail!" he posted on his twitter handle.
PM Modi celebrating Diwali with the jawans of Indian Army and ITBP at Harsil in Uttarakhand. "Your devotion to duty in the remote icy heights is enabling the strength of the nation and securing the future and the dreams of 125 crore Indians," he told the jawans.
After meeting jawans, Modi offered prayers at the Himalayan shrine in Kedarnath and reviewed Kedarpuri reconstruction projects. This is Prime Minister Modi's 3rd visit to Kedarnath since 2014.
A meditation cave that is built at a secluded spot 400 metres above the shrine will be shown to the PM Modi from a distance as he is not scheduled to go there.
The next year, PM Modi was in Himachal Pradesh, where he spent time with the Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) personnel at a border outpost. He had spent his fourth Diwali as prime minister with soldiers at Gurez in Jammu and Kashmir last year.


Antique Chinese hand carved deeprelief gilded wood Panel. 14-3/4inch long and 7-1/2 inch wide. Good condition for the age, please see picturesfor details. The item "Antique Chinese Hand Carved Deep Relief Gilded Wood Screen Panel" is in sale since Wednesday, July 4, 2018. This item is in the category "Antiques\Asian Antiques\China\Other Chinese Antiques". The seller is "jchli05" and is located in Troy, Michigan. This item can be shipped worldwide.


Is the loop in the end of the drain hose at least 20" (50.8 cm) above the subfloor or floor?
Your dishwasher could be siphoning. Make sure to connect drain hose to waste tee or disposer inlet above drain trap in house plumbing and 20" (50.8 cm) minimum above the floor.
CLICK HERE for more information on connecting the dishwasher to the drain.
CLICK HERE to watch a video on how to connect the dishwasher to the drain.


text:
Author Archives: Paul H Birch
Review: Black Star Riders – The Killer Instinct
Harmony lead guitars signal their defiant historic rock lineage with the opening notes of The Killer Instinct but they're taut and defying middle-aged spread, not content to cruise on past glories. Throughout this album the twin six strings bite and attack, and where once you heard fat chorded riffs you're now as likely to hear a mighty modern thwack. It's ...
Mabel Greer's Toyshop New Video Footage
Pre-Yes psychedelic-prog outfit Mabel Greer's Toyshop have released new footage for 'Electric Funeral', the opening track of their upcoming reunion album New Way Of Life out on 9th March. The video shows founding members Clive Bayley and Robert Hagger meeting after 45 years and jamming in a bar in Nice, France, leading to a reunion of the band as signified ...
Night Ranger Play London March 12!
San Francisco hard rockin' band Night Ranger will play a rare concert at the London Islington O2 Academy on Thursday 12th March. Featuring bassist and vocalist Jack Blades, plus Kelly Keagy (drums, vocals), Brad Gillis (lead & rhythm guitars), Keri Kelli (lead & rhythm guitars) and Eric Levy (keyboards), Night Ranger have sold over 17 million albums worldwide, performed over ...
Review: Foreigner – The Best of 4 And More
Foreigner haven't been shy about putting live CDS out since Mick Jones rebuilt the band from the ground up a couple of years into this millennium. Choosing the choicest cuts from the 75 million record sales made since their debut in 1976, there was a hard rocking release featuring Jason Bonham on drums that got offered free with The Mail ...
King King February/March 2015 UK Tour
Multi-award winning British blues band King King have confirmed a nationwide 18 date UK tour beginning in February 2015 with special guest Laurence Jones. The tour will feature new songs from their forthcoming new album 'Reaching For The Light' that is being released on May 5th through Manhaton Records. It follows in the wake of what has been a highly successful 2014 for ...
Saxon Rescheduled UK Dates
NWOBHM legends Saxon have announced the rescheduled dates for their recently postponed UK shows. The tail end of the UK tour, originally planned for December 2014, had to be delayed due to Nigel Glocker's sudden health problems. The drummer, who was taken to hospital with a brain aneurysm, is now back home and on the mend after two surgical procedures. ...
Review: Existance – Steel Alive
Existance revolve around Julian Izard, son of Didier Izard who was lead vocalist with French speed metal band H–Bomb and brought out a single album and EP during the eighties. His son's presumably inherited his father's vocal chords and also plays guitar here alongside co-founder Tom Drouin on bass and vocals, Alexandre Revillon on drums and Antoine Poiret duelling gamefully ...
Wolflight – New 2015 Steve Hackett Spring Album & Autumn Tour
Steve Hackett has announced the release of his new solo album Wolflight. According to the man himself, this "wild pack of tracks – starting with a wolf cry – will be unleashed on the unsuspecting on 30th March 2015." The former Genesis and GTR guitarist's first original solo studio album since 2011's Beyond The Shrouded Horizon is said to be both "primal ...
Raise a Little Hell with The Answer
March 9th 2015 is a long wait to Raise A Little Hell but The Answer promise it will be worth it when their new album is released, just a few days into their first tour dates for next year. The Northern Ireland rock band have teamed up with PledgeMusic for special pre-order versions of Raise A Little Hell, including CD, deluxe ...
Seven Days to Steal Your Heart in May
Following her performance at London's BluesFest at the Royal Albert Hall in October 2014, Grammy nominated singer-songriter Beth Hart will embark on a seven date UK tour in May 2015. The dates are: Bristol Colston Hall (Friday 1 May), Liverpool Philharmonic Hall (Sunday 3 May), Glasgow O2 ABC (Wednesday 6 May), London Barbican (Friday 8 May), Leeds O2 Academy (Saturday ...
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
On Miyazaki: The Films That Make Themselves
September 1, 2006 ~ Devanshu Mehta
Written as a Film Note for Brattle Theatre in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
"I'm not a storyteller, I'm a man who draws pictures," says Hayao Miyazaki the super-director of some of the highest grossing Japanese films of all time, such as My Neighbor Totoro, Princess Mononoke, Spirited Away and most recently, Howl's Moving Castle.
In Hollywood, children's films in general and animated ones in particular follow the classical storytelling mold. The protagonist is oblivious, the protagonist faces difficulty and the protagonist overcomes difficulty. While the world that is built around these stories may be extremely detailed and enchanting- such as the talking furniture of Beauty and the Beast or the fun forest friends of Bambi– the story arc of the protagonist is central to the film and the tapestry is for show.
There are a few exceptions. Wizard of Oz was primarily about the land of Oz. The story of Dorothy was engaging but not as much as the many potential tangents that Oz provided. In fact, one almost wanted to leave Dorothy and Toto alone and explore the land alone, an opportunity that was provided in a series of L. Frank Baum books that followed and, one hundred years later, Wicked on stage.
To a greater extent, Alice in Wonderland was about the land it was situated in. The book and the subsequent film were both all tangents with no place to go. Wonderland was a fascinating place and the temptation to spend a full un-birthday with March Hare was overwhelming.
Not surprisingly, both Wonderland and Oz began in books, as did Howl's Moving Castle. Most of director Hayao Miyazaki's later films are about the world the characters inhabit. The main characters have motivations that serve as excuses to show us an entrancing world of walking castles, cursed river gods and strong young women who- like Alice and Dorothy- follow their hearts through often dark lands.
Howl's Moving Castle was originally a children's book by Diana Wynne Jones, written 20 years ago and resembling the film only in its basic premise and parts of the world it inhabits. The rest is Miyazaki.
In another century, Miyazaki and Lewis Carroll might have gotten along. About his film-making style, Miyazaki says, "I don't have the story finished and ready when we start work on a film. I usually don't have the time. So the story develops when I start drawing storyboards. The production starts very soon thereafter, while the storyboards are still developing. We never know where the story will go but we just keeping working on the film as it develops. It's a dangerous way to make an animation film."
Dangerous indeed. This style of creating his animated films explains many of the flights of fancy that his films engage in. The normal audience, trained to expect a single conflict and a single resolution from family films, is dazzled repeatedly by multiple conflicts that are never resolved and multiple resolutions that suggest conflicts from an ancient past. All of this has the effect of having his films serve as a keyhole in to a much larger world. A world that cannot possibly be explored in a two hour film, or a series of books or a life time.
Much of the texture of a Miyazaki film relies on mythology. To a western audience, it may be easy to dismiss the mythology as a Japanese artifact that was lost in the cultural translation. This is a mistake- the mythology is not Japanese, it is Miyazakis. It comes from his own childhood fantasies and adulthood daydreaming. The river god of Spirited Away is not a Japanese god, but one that Miyazaki created in his mind when he saw a filthy river being emptied as a child. The curses that fall like rain in the average Miyazaki film are not steeped in ancient Japanese tradition but simply magical plot devices that allow fantastic things to happen.
Of course, Howl's Moving Castle does not even look remotely Japanese. The European landscapes, World War I era dog fights and turn of the last century towns coupled with the hopping scarecrow, fire demons, witches and a crawling Castle provide the film with a feel that is simultaneously of this earth and entirely fantastic.
Most promos and reviews of the film describe it as the story of a girl who is the victim of a curse that turns her in to an old lady, but this is not the plot. It is only the event that sets her out on a journey that is part Wizard of Oz, part Sound of Music and part its own fantastic world where each scene is populated with fascinating characters and objects, each character has a range of strange quirks and each plot point has the potential to spawn days of idel childhood daydreams. This movie will make a child of you, if you are not one. If you are a child, this is the movie you will carry with you for your entire life with dreams of the magic portal door of the most magnificent Castle ever put on film. This humongous, creaking, crawling mechanical contraption is the star of the film.
And that is the way it was meant to be. According to Hayao Miyazaki, "It's not me who makes the film. The film makes itself and I have no choice but to follow."
*References*
* "Miyazaki: Midnight Eye Interview":http://www.midnighteye.com/interviews/hayao_miyazaki.shtml
* "On Miyazaki Heroines at Sense of Cinema":http://www.sensesofcinema.com/contents/06/40/miyazaki-heroines.html
* "Howl's Moving Castle at the Wikipedia":http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howl%27s_Moving_Castle_%28film%29
* "The Wizard of Oz at IMDb":http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0032138/
* "WideScreenGlory review of Howl's Moving Castle":http://www.devanshanu.com/things/2005/06/18/howls-moving-castle-2005/
* "L. Frank Baum at the Wikipedia":http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L._Frank_Baum
* "Howl's Moving Castle book at the Wikipedia":http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howl%27s_Moving_Castle
* "Hayao Miyazaki Web":http://www.nausicaa.net/miyazaki/
* "On Miyazaki at Anime.com":http://www.anime.com/Hayao_Miyazaki/
* "Hayao Miyazaki at IMDb":http://us.imdb.com/name/nm0594503/
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Someone I was leading once asked me, "Are we responsible for inputs or outcomes?" What a great question. I've chewed on it for a long time, and it's made me re-evaluate my approach to leadership. You see, I'm an outcome-oriented guy. I like metrics, measurables, goals, and charts. I like the idea of rewarding people who know their measurable outcomes and then exceed them. I'm a firm believer that "measured performance gets improved performance," but the focus of my measurement is usually the result (the outcome) rather than the cause (the input). Below are a few of my thoughts about inputs and outcomes.
We live in an outcome-oriented culture.
Outcomes are easier to measure than inputs.
Outcomes are very tangible and relatively easy to chart. Inputs can be more abstract and more difficult to track. For example: it's simple to track how many people came to church, but it's hard to track how many people were invited. I'm toying with the idea of measuring how many invite cards we print and how many are taken. Those measurements will force me to think differently about how I encourage people to invite their friends.


text:
NVIDIA keynote presentation
Roland Ackermann
The Imaging Source Europe GmbH
Allan Anderson
Clear View Imaging
Allan is Managing Director for ClearView Imaging and has been in the Machine Vision industry for over 20 years. He holds a Computer Systems Engineering degree and spent over 7 years in various engineering positions before moving into a Sales Management role. Allan is the current chair of the United Kingdom Machine Vision Association and sits on the board of the umbrella PPMA Group.
Jason Biddulph
Micro-Epsilon
The UK technical lead for the Micro-Epsilon 2D and 3D sensor portfolio, and turnkey system solutions.
Responsible for managing projects from initial enquiry, through to test evaluation and the integration/commissioning into the end user's facility. These systems include inline thickness measurement systems and autonomous 3D surface inspection systems.
Also responsible for the design and development of bespoke PLC/HMI solutions for use with the Micro-Epsilon 1D sensor portfolio.
Adriano Biocchi
MVTec Software GmbH
Adriano started his career in MVTec in 2015. He is currently Area Sales Manager and supervises the growth of MVTec´s customer base and product recognition in several European countries, including the UK and Ireland.He has more than 10 years of sales experience in global players in the technology market. Before his occupation at MVTec Software GmbH, Adriano was working as Sales Engineer for an international manufacturer of high power electrical components for industrial applications. Before that, he filled sales positions at manufacturers of components for the rail as well as for the media communication industry.Adriano graduated in 2005 from Politecnico di Milano (Milan, Italy) as an electronical engineer. He has later gone back to school to earn in 2014 an Executive MBA degree at POLIMI, the School of Management of Politecnico di Milano.
Dennis Chen
Neousys Technology
Dennis Chen is a Product Manager at Neousys Technology and is responsible for Edge AI Inference platforms and machine vision solutions development. He has a Master's degree in Computer Science from Taiwan's National Tsinghua University and spent 4 years working as software programmer before taking on his current position.
Phil Dearnaley
Crest Solutions
Phil has spent the past 7 years working in highly regulated environments, delivering high performance systems that achieve compliance with industry standards. Since joining Crest Solutions in 2015 after a number of years in the Nuclear industry, Phil has been supporting patient safety within the Pharmaceutical sector. He partners with clients in UK manufacturing sites to develop cutting edge vision inspection systems that provide 100% inspection on pharma and medical device products. Phil's experience and relationships with clients and suppliers help him to understand the key challenges faced in validated environments when faced with: achieving compliance; adhering to data integrity regulations; increasing efficiencies, and most importantly, safeguarding product.
Tim Dodd
IFM Electronic Ltd
Tim has over 20 years of experience in sensing and control technology. With a history in business development, he has been ifm electronic's product manager for their position sensing and networking product portfolios for over 10 years. Tim has a particular interest in vision sensing technology and will talk about ifm's range of 3D time of flight sensors.
John Dunlop
Bytronic
Co-founder of Bytronic Automation in 1997, John is a data analytics expert, both in the design and implementation of data gathering solutions and the deployment of data analysis tools for rapid and insightful visualisation to the user. Through many years of successful system installations, John has overseen the complete cycle of sales, design, installation and maintenance of large scale manufacturing data analysis systems in some of the world's biggest companies such as Coca-Cola, Unilever, P&G and Jaguar Land Rover.
Federico Garro
Sony Image Sensing Solutions
Federico Garro is an Application Engineer for Sony's Image Sensing business in Europe. He has extensive experience with embedded system development and is an expert in machine vision applications, specializing in polarisation technology. Federico holds a master's degree in Electronic Engineering from Universidad Technologica Nacional (UTN), Argentina.
Simon Hickman
Multipix Imaging
Simon has been in the machine vision industry offering advice and guidance to customers on all aspects of machine vision since 1996. He has extensive knowledge across all component areas of a vision system which customers find invaluable. Simon will present on Short-Wave Infrared technologies, an area he specialises in.
Jools Hudson
Gardasoft
Jools Hudson runs the marketing for Gardasoft Vision. In recent years, Jools has been responsible for marketing, sales, applications and technical support functions for instrumentation and imaging companies including Thorlabs and Carl Zeiss Microscopy. In her early career, Jools was a hardware engineer for Racal Automation. Jools gained an MBA from Cranfield University and degree in engineering from University of Surrey.
Steve Kinney
Smart Vision Lights
Steve Kinney is an Electrical Engineer who began his career as an Inertial + Radar Navigation Technician in the USAF. After his return to civilian life in 1990, he worked on several R&D and product development projects with major companies in California's Silicon Valley before joining Pulnix America and entering the machine vision industry in 1998. Working for Pulnix, Basler, JAI and CCS, he has many years of machine vision imaging experience and has become an expert in industrial cameras and imagers. Since starting work in the lighting sector of Machine Vision in early 2015, he now combines camera expertise with machine vision lighting to bring an expanded knowledge base to the machine vision market. Steve has additionally been an active AIA member. He has been chairman of the AIA's Camera Link Committee since its inception in 1999. As chair of one of the major standards committees, he also is part of the G3's Future Standards Forum. Steve has also been a major material contributor and instructor for the AIA Certified Vision Professional (CVP) program in both the Basic and Advanced CVP Camera + Sensor Technologies courses. Steve currently manages sales and business Development activities across the Western US for Smart Vision Lights.
Andreas Lange
Andreas joined the European Teledyne DALSA office in 2007. He's responsible for product support with the focus on frame grabber cards, GigE cameras and software, but he's also familiar with CCD and CMOS sensors and general imaging technologies. Before working for Teledyne DALSA, Andreas was with SVS-Vistek, first in Technical Support before switching to Sales. Andreas is actually a biologist holding a master degree in zoology with his thesis done on insect vision. After university he was head of the electron microscopy lab at the Anatomical Institute of Munich University, faculty of Medicine, for seven years.
Boris Lange
Edmund Optics
Boris Lange is responsible for Edmund Optics' (EO) Imaging business and business development in Europe. Since joining the company in January 2015 as "Imaging Solutions Engineer", Boris Lange has been supporting EO´s European key accounts in all technical regards related to Imaging and Machine Vision and was actively involved in forming a European Imaging team. Before, he has gained valuable experiences as an optical designer in the Analytics business unit at Polytec, developing VIS, NIR and Raman spectrometers. Boris holds a PhD in physics from Mainz University and GSI Helmholtzzentrum for Heavy-Ion Research. His thesis examined coherent EUV light sources generated by high-energy lasers.
Sam Leboe
Sam is the Product Line Manager for FLIR's machine vision cameras. Based in Vancouver, Canada he first joined Point Grey Research's Product Management team 5 years ago, prior to the acquisition by FLIR in 2016. Sam's primary role is understanding customer needs and helping translate them into innovative products.
Richard Love
Richard is EMEA Marketing Manager for the NVIDIA's Jetson™ Embedded Processor Family.
He has over 25 years' experience working with developers of 3D Graphics, Cloud Software and AI Hardware Technology Solutions, including Autodesk, Microsoft and of course NVIDIA.
With the introduction of the NVIDIA Jetson™ embedded platform for AI at the Edge, Richard manages the launch & marketing of AI-based solutions for Industrial Robotics, Autonomous Machines, UAVs, IVA, and Smart Cities.
A keen mountain biker, in 2019 Richard completed the 75-mile off-road London to Brighton MTB charity ride for the 2nd time and is looking forward to 2020!
Sergio Manuel
Photonfocus
Sergio Manuel joined Photonfocus in 2014. Ever since he is responsible for the international sales. Before, Sergio used to work as a Regional Sales Manager in Infaimon where – besides of Photonfocus – he represented some of the most well-known computer vision brands. Sergio holds a bachelor's degree in Telecommunications. That has helped him to build a wide network of integrators and machine builders in many different industries where imaging technologies are needed.
Bradley McEwan
Beckhoff Automation
30 years' experience in industrial automation with a focus on motion control & robotic systems. An design, applications and commission engineer, latterly moving into a BDM role, helping OEM's reduce their TCO by using Beckhoff Automations integrated Industrial PC control platforms.
Cameron Millar
Cameron Millar is Senior Machine Vision Applications Engineer in the KEYENCE UK & Ireland Technical Team, boasting a wealth of experience in solving challenging camera applications across a diverse range of industries. Since joining the KEYENCE team in 2015, Cameron has played a central role in administering technical training for vision systems and supporting new product launches, including last year's Multi-Spectrum Lighting release.
Francesco Mondadori
Opto Engineering
After brilliantly obtaining a master's degree in Materials and Production Engineering at the University of Trento while already working in an internship at Opto Engineering, I'm currently the Product Manager and Business Developer for telecentric and macro lenses.
Paritosh Prayagi
Paritosh is a part of JAI product management team since April 2017. He studied print and media technology at Chemnitz University of Technology in Germany and specialized in multi-spectral camera systems for high speed applications. Having worked in previous positions within R&D for paper technology, camera development, application management for 3D & spectral cameras and technical sales he brings a broad perspective to the table.
Neil Sandhu
Neil has been in the automation industry for over 20 years. Most of those have been involved with Machine Vision and has been actively involved in the developing technology that is moving the Vision world forward beyond new capabilities. Recently elected UKIVA Vice Chair, he now is helping to drive the innovation and education of the many benefits that Machine Vision can bring to the UK Industrial World. Being at SICK for over 15 years, the experience can help bring the total Vision and Automation solution to life to assist in many applications in a wide variety of industries.
Dr Russell Sion
Jenton / Dimaco
Dr Russell Sion is Managing Director of Dimaco and Technical Director of the Jenton Group. Russell has spent the last twenty years involved in the design and manufacture of automation and control systems for high speed production lines. Now as a member of the Dimaco team he is working hard to bring the many benefits of industrial vision to quality control in the food packaging environment.
Graeme Thursfield
Ricoh International B.V. German Branch
Graeme has worked for Pentax (now Ricoh) since 1981. Starting in the Photographic Technical Department he transferred to Medical Technical in 1988 and helped set up the Industrial Technical Department of Surveying, Security and Machine Vision shortly after. Finally in the mid 90's he was asked to decide where he wanted to work and chose the Security and Machine Vision Technical Department. Since 2013 Graeme has been in charge of sales in the UK and recently Scandinavia and provides Technical Support for his colleagues in Europe, Africa and the Middle East in Machine Vision.
Gaspar van Elmbt
GeT Cameras
Gaspar is Managing Director of GeT Cameras, a machine vision distribution company known for its excellent quality, service and prices. Gaspar has more than 15 years' experience in electronic and machine vision system design. With a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering he has designed numerous electronic devices and machine vision systems for many different markets, varying from detecting plastic in rivers up to detecting particles < 20uM in cleanrooms. During his career he switched from engineering to sales, selling industrial camera technology all over Europe. In 2017 Gaspar graduated from the Executive MBA Mannheim, giving him more tools and insights regarding, process optimization, workflows, business models, financials, leadership and strategy. With these tools he understands the customer (business) case better, providing advice and generating strong long-term customer relationships. Also providing huge benefit in strategy and optimization processes of GeT Cameras, resulting in lower end-user prices (30-50% cheaper than competitors).
Bart Verboven
Bart Verboven has over 10 years' experience in the world of machine vision and holds a degree in Electrical Engineering.
He is working at German industrial camera manufacturer IDS and is responsible for assisting customers located in the UK, France and the Benelux countries with his extensive product and systems expertise.
His key tasks include support, feasibility studies and technology advice.
Dr Jon Vickers
Stemmer Imaging Ltd
Dr Jon Vickers is product manager for STEMMER Imaging's Common Vision Blox (CVB) software suite and Technical Manager for STEMMER Imaging in the UK. CVB is a powerful and flexible image processing library with applications from the embedded market through all vision applications. Jon has previous experience as a vision applications engineer, a vision integrator and also research in medical imaging and astronomy.
Lucien Vleugels
LMI Technologies
Lucien Vleugels has Bachelor Degree in Applied Science and over 25 years experience in industrial automation and non-contact laser sensors. In 1995, Lucien joined LMI Technologies, a company focused on 3D scanning and inspection systems, and has held various positions within R&D. For the past 5 years, he has been a Territory Manager responsible for the UK and Benelux markets. With his wide experience in the 3D industries his focus is to drive profitability, reduce time to market and open up new possibilities for his customers.
Thor Vollset
Scorpion Vision Ltd
Thor Vollset is the founder and CEO of Tordivel, which was established in 1992 as a software development company. Thor is a graduate of the Norwegian Institute of Technology, where he studied Cybernetics.
Tordivel is the company behind Scorpion Vision Software – a machine vision automation framework that was launched in 1998. Today, Scorpion 3D Stinger is one of the world's most capable automation 3D products and is unique in the way it creates 3D data for robot vision and measurements.
Thor is a 3D Machine Vision expert and will be presenting a paper on 3D robotic guiding.
Torsten Wiesinger
Lucid Vision Labs
Torsten Wiesinger is the General Manager of the EMEA region for LUCID Vision Labs, Inc., responsible for developing and growing LUCID's presence in the EMEA market. Before joining, Torsten has gained over 15 years of experience in the machine vision industry, notably as the CEO at IDS Imaging Development Systems GmbH, and more recently as Sales Director at MVTec Software GmbH. Torsten has a Diploma in Business Informatics.
Paul is Managing Director of Scorpion Vision Ltd, the UK company of Tordivel Group, with market leading 3D machine vision technology. Paul established the UK business in 2006 and has since then grown the business with two divisions: imaging component sales and machine vision factory automation systems. The company has developed significant expertise in the provision of powerful and complex machine vision based systems and has been delivering them across many sectors, including; agricultural, automotive, packaging and logistics and food production. The majority of recent projects are 3D based and these are primarily in the business of food processing and production. The components aspect of the business is very active, having recently been appointed the distributor for HIK Vision machine vision products in the UK and Eire, this new entrant into the machine vision camera market is proving to be disruptive with highly competitive products across the board, with rapid delivery and high build quality. Hikvision values Scorpion Vision as a value added distributor who can offer great product knowledge and expertise to all potential HIK customers.
Alrad Imaging
I have been in the industry for over a year and a half now and would like to share my knowledge that I have gained during this time. Being a part of the Machine Vision industry has taught tremendous amounts, with steep learning curves along the way! Therefore, I believe it is now my duty to pass my knowledge and experiences on to ensure you can reach your vision goals efficiently and accurately.
Jason Zhang
Hangzhou Hikrobot Technology Co., Ltd.
Sales Manager of Hikvision Robotics EU, drawing on Hikvision's years of technology accumulation in video & audio, image acquisition and core algorithm, the company has developed three new business domains – Machine Vision, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, and Mobile Robot, in an effort to provide specialized products and solutions for customers.


Payment terms: We accept T/T,Western union or moneygram After services: 1.one year warranty for the products. 2.Please send back the defective goods which are within the warranty period, we will repair them or send you new one for free. 3. If it is the sample or only few pcs accessories (the fee is less or around shipping fee) are damaged, please send us some pictures and video about it need to confirm your problem, and then we will send you free new goods instead free.
14 YRS Ningbo Jingyi Electronic Co., Ltd.
11 YRS Shenzhen Xuancai Balloon Co., Ltd.
It will create a shining charming ring effect in your eyes when you look into the light. We will give you the best advice according to your order quantity. 3)The price here is for your reference, specific price is based on your order quantity.
2 YRS Shenzhen Zaimei Electronics Technology Co., Ltd.
There is no special training, special methods or techniques for using them. With some the larger pyramids, 3" and up you can actually create two different tones, one when tapping the base and a different tone when tapping the sides. The best way to describe the Crystal Pyramid is that it has the robust qualities of a gong, the bell-like qualities of a Tibetan bowl and the light feel of the alchemy crystal singing pyramid.
The picture of products will be taken for your confirmation before delivery. 6). We will produce the goods for you upon receipt of the deposit payment. c. We pack the product for four layer to ensure that there will be no accidents in the way.
1 YRS Shenzhen Saint-View Cutlure Arts Co., Ltd.
Alibaba.com offers 247 crystal tripod products. About 8% of these are tripod.
A wide variety of crystal tripod options are available to you, such as professional tripod, mini tripod / lightweight. You can also choose from aluminum, metal. As well as from video camera, digital camera. And whether crystal tripod is free samples, or paid samples.
There are 247 crystal tripod suppliers, mainly located in Asia. The top supplying country is China (Mainland), which supply 100% of crystal tripod respectively.
Crystal tripod products are most popular in North America, Eastern Europe, and Western Europe.
You can ensure product safety by selecting from certified suppliers, including 18 with ISO9001, 8 with Other, and 2 with ISO14001 certification.


text:
Q: SWT Table inside ScrolledCompsite: no scrolling by Mouse Wheel The code below is taken from:
How to always show vertical scroll bar in SWT table?
Table in the ScrolledComposite scrolls only by moving vertical scrollbar by Mouse or by putting Mouse directly onto vertical scrollbar and scroll the Wheel.
Could you advise, please, how to make table scrollable by Mouse Wheel by putting Mouse onto the Table?
public static void main(String[] args)
{
    final Display display = new Display();
    final Shell shell = new Shell(display);
    shell.setLayout(new GridLayout());

    final ScrolledComposite composite = new ScrolledComposite(shell, SWT.V_SCROLL);
    composite.setLayout(new GridLayout());
    composite.setLayoutData(new GridData(SWT.FILL, SWT.FILL, true, true));

    final Table table = new Table(composite, SWT.NO_SCROLL | SWT.FULL_SELECTION);
    table.setHeaderVisible(true);

    composite.setContent(table);
    composite.setExpandHorizontal(true);
    composite.setExpandVertical(true);
    composite.setAlwaysShowScrollBars(true);
    composite.setMinSize(table.computeSize(SWT.DEFAULT, SWT.DEFAULT));

    Button fillTable = new Button(shell, SWT.PUSH);
    fillTable.setText("Fill table");
    fillTable.setLayoutData(new GridData(SWT.FILL, SWT.END, true, false));

    fillTable.addListener(SWT.Selection, new Listener()
    {
        @Override
        public void handleEvent(Event arg0)
        {
            if (table.getColumnCount() < 1)
            {
                for (int col = 0; col < 4; col++)
                {
                    TableColumn column = new TableColumn(table, SWT.NONE);
                    column.setText("Column " + col);
                }
            }

            for (int row = 0; row < 20; row++)
            {
                TableItem item = new TableItem(table, SWT.NONE);

                for (int col = 0; col < table.getColumnCount(); col++)
                {
                    item.setText(col, "Item " + row + " " + col);
                }
            }

            for (int col = 0; col < table.getColumnCount(); col++)
            {
                table.getColumn(col).pack();
            }

            composite.setMinSize(table.computeSize(SWT.DEFAULT, SWT.DEFAULT));
        }
    });

    Button clearTable = new Button(shell, SWT.PUSH);
    clearTable.setText("Clear table");
    clearTable.setLayoutData(new GridData(SWT.FILL, SWT.END, true, false));

    clearTable.addListener(SWT.Selection, new Listener()
    {
        @Override
        public void handleEvent(Event arg0)
        {
            table.removeAll();

            composite.setMinSize(table.computeSize(SWT.DEFAULT, SWT.DEFAULT));
        }
    });

    shell.pack();
    shell.setSize(400, 300);
    shell.open();
    while (!shell.isDisposed())
    {
        if (!display.readAndDispatch())
            display.sleep();
    }
    display.dispose();
}

A: The table is receiving the mouse wheel events which it is ignoring because the Table control is large enough to show all the rows.
I don't see a way to just pass on the wheel events to the scrolled composite.
You could try listening to the wheel events in the table and adjusting the scrolled composite origin - something like:
table.addListener(SWT.MouseVerticalWheel, event ->
   {
     Point origin = scrolled.getOrigin();

     origin.y -= event.count;

     scrolled.setOrigin(origin);
   });

The count field in the wheel event is 1/-1 depending on the scrolling direction.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Baltimore County has backed away from a controversial proposal to place government offices at a historic mansion in Towson, prompting the developer to return its focus to a residential plan that could result in the building's demolition.
Arthur Adler, a principal with Caves Valley Partners, which has a contract to buy the Presbyterian Home of Maryland's building, said his company is now considering all options for the building — including tearing it down to build homes.
"Everything's on the table at this moment," Adler said Wednesday. "We literally just hired an architect."