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Мальдіви — південноазійська острівна країна, розташована на однойменному архіпелазі в Індійському океані поблизу південно-західних берегів Індійського субконтиненту . Загальна площа країни 298 км² (210-те місце у світі), з яких на суходіл припадає 298 км², а на поверхню внутрішніх вод — 0 км². Площа суходолу країни майже вдвічі більша за площу території Голосіївського району міста Києва.

Назва
Офіційна назва — Республіка Мальдіви, Мальдіви ( — Дівехі Рааджі;  — Дхібат-Махал; ). Назва країни походить від назви однойменного архіпелагу — Мальдівські острови. Етимологія назви архіпелагу виводиться від санскритського слова «маладвіпа» () — гирлянда островів, або малі острови, від «мала» () — малий і «двіпа» () — острів. Самоназва Дхівехі Рааджі, означає Царство народу дхівехі — самоназва мальдівців. Арабський топонім Дхібат-Махал утворено від слів «дхібат» — острів і «махал» — палац. Він вказує на палац султана на острові Мале. Деякі джерела стверджують, що тамільське слово «малай» () — пагорб, узвишшя, і санскритське «двіпа» () — острів, тобто Горбисті острови. Спрощена етимологія виводить назву країни від столиці, міста Мале (Male) і санскритського слова «дів» (div), на означення острова, з часткою множини, тобто Острови Мале (Maledives).

Історія дослідження території

Географічне положення

Мальдіви — південноазійська острівна країна, що не має сухопутного державного кордону. Мальдіви омиваються водами Індійського океану. На півночі — Лаккадівські острови Індії, на півдні спірний архіпелаг Чогос, що адмініструється Британською Територією в Індійському Океані, на сході південна околиця Індії та острівна держава Шрі-Ланка. Загальна довжина морського узбережжя 644 км.

Згідно з Конвенцією Організації Об'єднаних Націй з морського права (UNCLOS) 1982 року, протяжність територіальних вод країни встановлено в 12 морських миль (22,2 км) від прямих ліній визначених архіпелажних вод. Прилегла зона, що примикає до територіальних вод, в якій держава може здійснювати контроль необхідний для запобігання порушень митних, фіскальних, імміграційних або санітарних законів простягається на 24 морські милі (44,4 км) від узбережжя (стаття 33). Виключна економічна зона встановлена на відстань 200 морських миль (370,4 км) від узбережжя.

Крайні пункти

Час

Час на Мальдівах: UTC+5 (+3 години різниці часу з Києвом).

Геологія

Корисні копалини

Надра Мальдівів не багаті на корисні копалини, розвідані запаси і поклади відсутні.

Сейсмічність

Вулканізм

Рельєф

Середні висоти — 1,8 м; найнижча точка — рівень вод Індійського океану (0 м); найвища точка — безіменна висота на острові Віллінгіллі атолу Адду (2,4 м).

Узбережжя

Острови

Клімат

Територія Мальдівів лежить у екваторіальному кліматичному поясі. Цілий рік панують екваторіальні повітряні маси. Цілий рік спекотно, сезонні коливання температури незначні, значно менші за добові. превалюють слабкі вітри, цілий рік надмірне зволоження, майже щодня по обіді йдуть дощі, часто зливи з грозами.

Мальдіви є членом Всесвітньої метеорологічної організації (WMO), в країні ведуться систематичні спостереження за погодою.

Внутрішні води

Загальні запаси відновлюваних водних ресурсів (ґрунтові і поверхневі прісні води) становлять 0,03 км³. Станом на 2012 рік зрошувані землі в країні були відсутні.

Струмки країни належать басейну Індійського океану.

Лагуни

Ґрунтові води

Ґрунти

Рослинність

На островах Мальдівського архіпелагу єдиними рослинними утворенням є невеликі фрагменти вологих тропічних лісів, які займають не більше 3 % території країни і практично зведені для потреб сільського господарства та туристичного будівництва. Домінуючий вид — кокосова пальма, яка росте переважно на пляжі.

Земельні ресурси Мальдівів (оцінка 2011 року):
 придатні для сільськогосподарського обробітку землі — 23,3 %,
 орні землі — 10 %,
 багаторічні насадження — 10 %,
 землі, що постійно використовуються під пасовища — 3,3 %;
 землі, зайняті лісами і чагарниками — 3 %;
 інше — 73,7 %.

Тваринний світ

У зоогеографічному відношенні територія країни відноситься до Індійської провінції Індійсько-Індокитайської підобласті Індо-малайської області. Тваринний світ дуже бідний. Причиною є розміри островів, а також висока густота населення 900 осіб/км². У навколишніх водах різноманітні риби, наприклад, тунець, боніто, пишні екваторіальні коралові рифи. На пляжах морські черепахи виповзають щоб відкласти яйця. Численні морські птахи.

Охорона природи

Мальдіви є учасником ряду міжнародних угод з охорони навколишнього середовища:
 Конвенції про біологічне різноманіття (CBD),
 Рамкової конвенції ООН про зміну клімату (UNFCCC),
 Кіотського протоколу до Рамкової конвенції,
 Конвенції ООН про боротьбу з опустелюванням (UNCCD),
 Базельської конвенції протидії транскордонному переміщенню небезпечних відходів,
 Конвенції з міжнародного морського права,
 Монреальського протоколу з охорони озонового шару,
 Міжнародної конвенції запобігання забрудненню з суден (MARPOL).

Стихійні лиха та екологічні проблеми

На території країни спостерігаються небезпечні природні явища і стихійні лиха: цунамі; низький рельєф більшості островів робить їх уразливими до підвищення рівня вод Світового океану.

Серед екологічних проблем варто відзначити:
 виснаження запасів прісної води водоносних пластів;
 руйнування коралових рифів.

Фізико-географічне районування
У фізико-географічному відношенні територію Мальдівів можна розділити на _ райони, що відрізняються один від одного рельєфом, кліматом, рослинним покривом: .

Див. також
 Південна Азія

Примітки

Література

Українською

Англійською

Російською

  Мальдіви //

Посилання

  — карти ґрунтового покрову Мальдівів.


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CNN Head's Blunder Raises Eyebrows Ahead of Layoffs
By Andrew Roberts - January 5, 2023 10:08 pm EST
The divisive leadership at CNN possibly committed a huge blunder amid numerous layoffs and focus shifts at the news channel and its parent company. According to Puck News, CNN CEO Chris Licht faced plenty of scrutiny over his company decisions in recent weeks, his latest being the shuttering of HLN. But during a recent town hall, the CNN travel freeze on any non-essential ventures was brought up and put Licht's travel in the spotlight.
"That doesn't mean we can't do business, or mean we can't be able to do our jobs," Licht said during the town hall. "I'm traveling. I'm going to the Abu Dhabi bureau. I have a bunch of sales meetings. The business has to keep going on."
Scoop @PuckNews: CNN C.E.O. Chris Licht, whose trip to Abu Dhabi for sales meetings had come under scrutiny in light of a travel freeze at the company, is flying back to the U.S. early and will forego F1 Grand Prix and planned time with family in the Middle East.
The backstory: pic.twitter.com/v7RcbhcGNI
— Dylan Byers (@DylanByers) November 18, 2022
But as Puck adds, Licht neglected to mention that he would have his family along for the trip part of the time and he will likely attend the Formula 1 Grand Prix in Abu Dhabi over the weekend. His representatives denied he would attend, telling Puck that Licht declined an invitation to the racing event. Still, sources told the outlet that Licht would attend the race if there is a business case to bring him to the event.
Puck also adds that Liberty Global, controlled by Warner Bros. Discovery board member John Malone, is the owner of Formula 1, raising a few eyebrows. Dylan Byers with Puck adds on Twitter that the level of scrutiny on the trip and the involvement of his family led to him scuttling those plans to fly back to the U.S. early.
None of this is helpful to the morale at CNN, where tightening the belt and shifting the on-air talent has torpedoed any successes the network had over the past few years. Not only did CNN attempt to move Jake Tapper to prime time with disastrous results, but they also shuffled veteran CNN fixture, Wolf Blitzer, around without much reason given. Byers writes, Licht attended a party for restaurant Cafe Milano's 30th anniversary, which was seen as a slight against Blitzer who was called in to work the Thursday and Friday night telecasts.
On top of that, Tapper was allowed to skip out on his lead anchor responsibilities to attend an event at Dartmouth College, his alma mater. "The last thing I want to be is another gut punch," Licht said at the town hall. "And I know what I'm doing right now is another gut punch."
Fireball Sued for 'Misleading' Cinnamon Mini Bottles
Disney World's Splash Mountain Is Permanently Closed
Morning Show Adds 2 New 'EXTRA' Anchors to Lineup
Amy Robach and T.J. Holmes Spotted Together Amid Ongoing 'GMA3' Suspension
Who Will Voice 'Rick and Morty' Characters Amid Justin Roiland Firing?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Age-related Aspects of Mirror-use by Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)
Rachel A. Morrison, Graduate Center, City University of New YorkFollow
Diana Reiss
Behavior and Ethology | Cognitive Psychology | Social and Behavioral Sciences
bottlenose dolphins, cognition, development, mirror self-recognition, self-awareness
Bottlenose dolphins are neuroanatomically different and evolutionarily divergent from primates yet they exhibit mirror self-recognition (MSR), a rare cognitive ability in non-human animals. This research investigated the developmental and age-related aspects of MSR in this species. During a longitudinal study, a social group of bottlenose dolphins at the National Aquarium, Baltimore, MD were exposed to a mirror and their behavioral responses were recorded to: 1) further confirm the presence of MSR in this species, 2) determine the age of emergence of MSR and 3) draw comparisons with data documenting the emergence of this ability in humans and great ape species. Based on previous research it was predicted that the dolphins in this study would demonstrate the ability for MSR. It was also predicted that due to the precocious motor and social development of bottlenose dolphin calves, MSR would emerge in dolphins at an age comparable to humans and chimpanzees. Results confirmed the presence of this ability in dolphins as all three of the dolphins tested passed the mark test. Results also supported the prediction that MSR emerges in dolphins at an age comparable to humans and chimpanzees and notably self-directed behavior was observed at an even earlier age in dolphins. Bayley, the youngest dolphin was observed demonstrating self-directed behavior in front of the mirror on her fourth day of mirror exposure, at ~5 ½ months of age. For all of the dolphins, almost no social behavior was observed on the first day of mirror exposure, which is not surprising because these dolphins were not naïve to reflective surfaces. Findings from this study also contradict previous research with chimpanzees that has shown older individuals lose interest in mirrors. Nani, the oldest dolphin (~37 years), had less access to the mirror and yet spent more time at the mirror than Bayley. This research provides important insights into how highly encephalized species, like humans, apes, and dolphins compare developmentally with respect to the age of emergence and developmental stages of MSR. Documentation of such socio-cognitive development is critical to our understanding of the evolution of intelligence in the animal world. Other contributions of this research include: 1) a more in depth analysis of the emergence of mirror-directed behavior and a reevaluation of the categorization of these behaviors, taking into account context and 2) a discussion of the importance of focusing and relying on compelling self-directed behavior exhibited at the mirror as an indicator of MSR and less reliance on only considering positive mark test results as sufficient evidence for this ability.
Morrison, Rachel A., "Age-related Aspects of Mirror-use by Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)" (2014). CUNY Academic Works.
Behavior and Ethology Commons, Cognitive Psychology Commons


Detectives with the Suffolk County SPCA arrested a Bay Shore man on Friday, November 30th, 2018.
William Anthony Roberts, 47, was charged with cruelty to animals. The Suffolk County Police Department contacted the Suffolk County SPCA detectives after responding to the incident location in the parking lot at a McDonalds Restaurant in Bay Shore.
An eyewitness video shows the dog being choked, lifted off its feet by the collar and repeatedly thrown to the ground. The video was broadcast on social media by a concerned citizen.
Upon receiving this information an immediate investigation was started to locate and apprehend the subject seen in the video. A joint investigation by both the Suffolk County SPCA and the Suffolk County Police Department was conducted which led to gathering information, video surveillance from surrounding businesses and witness statements, the subject was identified and charged.
William A. Roberts of Bay Shore, NY was transported to the 3rd Precinct for processing and was held without bail overnight for arraignment today, December 1, 2018.
The dog, a female pitfall named Princess, was transported to an emergency veterinary hospital for evaluation.


Capt Zoe Kotnik, who turned into the first female pilot to lead the US F-sixteen Viper demonstration workforce staunch final month, has been relieved of accountability.
The Air Force acknowledged she had been removed on Tuesday by Col Derek O'Malley attributable to a "loss of self assurance in her skill to lead and elaborate".
Officials beget no longer provided particulars into what precipitated the resolution, nonetheless Col O'Malley noted she had made "errors".
Capt Kotnik's predecessor Maj John Waters has resumed elaborate of the workforce.
US Air Force (USAF) Capt Alannah Staver, chief of public affairs at Shaw Air Force Injurious, confirmed to the BBC that Capt Kotnik was once relieved from elaborate on 11 February nonetheless could no longer provide from now on particulars.
The Viper workforce is one among four air performance teams below US Air Wrestle Divulge (ACC). Their demonstrations aid with recruitment efforts, showing off plane and pilot abilities at air presentations and events to a pair 10 million spectators per three hundred and sixty five days, per the USAF.
The information of Capt Kotnik's dismissal was once first reported by the Air Force Cases.
In an announcement on Fb, Col O'Malley acknowledged: "Now we beget thousands of Airmen throughout our Air Force serving our nation, and no longer one among them is supreme.
"As most attention-grabbing folks, love Capt Kotnik compose errors, I desire them to beget the opportunity to be taught from them without being below public scrutiny, and to proceed to be a section of this huge provider.
Col O'Malley acknowledged it was once "thrilling to beget the first female demo workforce pilot here at Shaw" nonetheless he was once inquisitive referring to the assorted ladies within the intervening time serving within the Force too.
Capt Kotnik has no longer commented on her dismissal and has apparently deactivated her social media accounts.
Her first air stammer as commander had been scheduled for 30 March. She can silent relieve in a non-supervisory role with the Twentieth Fighter Hover at the Shaw wrong in South Carolina, Military.com reported.
News latest news bbc news world news Who is Capt Kotnik?
Capt Zoe "Sis" Kotnik's appointment as commander of the ACC F-sixteen Viper demo workforce on 29 January had been launched with fanfare and excitement.
The USAF hoped to employ the buzz throughout the upcoming superhero movie Captain Surprise – where Brie Larson stars as an F-sixteen pilot – to bolster recruitment.
Capt Kotnik's appointment to lead the 17-member workforce was once even revealed in a comic-e book model submit.
As well to to becoming the first-ever female Viper commander, Capt Kotnik was once the first female single-ship tactical demonstration pilot, per the Viper workforce.
"What I'm having a examine forward to most is the functionality to beget an have an effect on on youthful generations," Capt Kotnik acknowledged in an announcement at the time of her appointment.
"I know firsthand how impactful airshows would be and what a distinction it makes to childhood to ogle staunch one example of what they are going to put and who they are going to turn into.
Capt Kotnik was once born in Poynette, Wisconsin, to a family of aviators, per her USAF biography.
She studied economics at the USAF Academy and earned her wings in October 2013, when she started learning to cruise the F-16C Preventing Falcon.
Capt Kotnik spent a three hundred and sixty five days in South Korea at the Kunsan Air Injurious sooner than returning to the US to put collectively fighter pilots and give a enhance to anti-terrorism air defence efforts with Operation Worthy Eagle.
The combat-ready fighter pilot has over 1,000 flight hours below her belt.


Sergio Sismondo is a Professor in the Departments of Philosophy and Sociology at Queen's University, Ontario. His current research is on the political economy of pharmaceutical knowledge, looking at relations between research and marketing in a variety of areas running from clinical trials through medical education. He is co-editor with Jeremy Greene of The Pharmaceutical Studies Reader (Wiley-Blackwell, 2015). He also is the author of An Introduction to Science and Technology Studies (2nd ed., Wiley-Blackwell, 2010) and a number of other general and philosophical works in STS. He is Editor of the journal Social Studies of Science.


Winners of The Great Toronto Tree Hunt Announced!
(June 25, 2015, Toronto, ON - FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE) The Great Toronto Tree Hunt, which launched on Earth Day 2015, culminated last evening with a public awards ceremony. One winner in each of the five nomination categories was announced and awarded a framed copy of their photograph along with a $250 cash prize.
The contest was led by LEAF, in partnership with lead sponsor TD Friends of the Environment Foundation (TD FEF), along with Ontario Power Generation, and the City of Toronto. There were 390 entries in total. Ten finalists were selected in each category - five through public voting and five by LEAF. The winner of each category was then selected by a panel of judges with expertise in trees, photography and journalism.
To see all of the entries, including the ten finalists in each category, visit yourleaf.org/treehunt.


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EPIC League unveils Paco Rabanne as broadcast partner
Jonno Nicholson 10 December 2020
Fragrance brand Paco Rabanne has been announced as the broadcast partner for the second season of Dota 2's EPIC League.
The deal will see 'large-scale integration' of Paco Rabanne's Invictus brand be implemented throughout the tournament.
Credit: Paco Rabanne
RELATED: Parimatch becomes betting partner of EPIC League
Paco Rabanne becomes the seventh partner of EPIC League, joining Chinese firm Haval, American audio brand JBL, MegaFon, EGB, and online bookmaker Parimatch. The advertising campaign between the two parties was created by Starcom Media Agency along with ESforce Holding.
Polina Protsevskaya, Senior Digital Manager at Starcom Media Agency, spoke on the deal: "Bearing in mind the Paco Rabanne strategic goals and the global benchmarks, we have found an innovative approach to expanding the Invictus brand positioning.
"The spirit of competition is in the brand's DNA, but the perfume category has been poorly represented in esports until today. This is why the brand entered this territory and immediately became a partner of the largest esports tournament of the current Dota 2 season — EPIC League"
RELATED: Haval unveiled as automotive partner of EPIC League Season 2
The final part of EPIC League Season 2 is currently underway. Eight European and CIS teams are competing for a chance to be crowned the season champion along with claiming a total of $50,000 (£37,255) in prize money.
This is the first time since 2017 that Paco Rabanne has entered the esports industry. The fashion house first made its debut by joining forces with French organisation Against All Authority
Sergey Barkudaryan, Commercial Director at ESforce Holding, also commented on the partnership: "One of the esports industry dynamic growth indicators is the interest of the largest companies from completely different areas. We thank Paco Rabanne for their trust in implementing this landmark collaboration and are happy to help such a vivid brand communicate with the esports audience".
Esports Insider says: As one of the most recognisable fashion brands in the world, Paco Rabanne entering esports as a partner for one of the largest Dota 2 events of the year is a good way of getting eyeballs on the brand.
Read The Esports Journal


Asian Art, Museum and University Collections In The San Francisco Bay Area.
Montclair: Allanheld & Schram, 1978. folio, 39 pp. of text, plus 159 pp. of plates. fine in dj. and slipcase.
More: Asian Arts, Asian Art, Chinese Art, Japanese Art, Korean Art, Indian Art.
By This Author: Lefebvred' Argence, Rene-Yvon, editor.


He's, like, a good singer and stuff.
You'll never believe what one amazing thing Corey Taylor is doing in the studio right now!
Does it have something to do with their new album, or is it just a celebration of Valentine's Day?
The Slipknot vocalist opens up about his past substance abuse issues.
Whatever else it is you're doing can wait — you need to see these RIGHT NOW!!!
He also talks about his mask-care regimen.


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The Piedmont Chronicles
News, History, Writings, Observations & Various Ramblings Deep in the Heart of the Georgia Piedmont
A Good Christmas Indeed
A Christmas Novella by Marshall McCart
~My column (and my first published work of fiction) from the Christmas issue of About Covington to Madison Magazine including an online-only epilogue~
Walter was a helluva guy. An old-timer, no doubt, he was pushing eighty and looked and got around about as one would expect. He lived in a little shotgun house just down the way. From about late September until April or so, he would have a fire going in his fireplace just about everyday. And every time you would see him out and about, he'd have a cigarette dangling from his mouth. He'd been smoking a good sixty years and he'd always say with pride - "No breathin' or ticker troubles at all...Ha!!! Shows what them quacks know!"
For years you wouldn't see Walter out in the neighborhood unless you also saw Trigger, his little mutt-of-a-dog that he would walk at least twice a day pretty much year round. Trigger was a darn, good dog--loyal, attentive, and eager to please. He was a fine watchdog as well and was solely responsible for foiling a robbery attempt once a few years back. My God, I tell you, it was a sad day in the neighborhood when good ole Trigger broke his earthly chains and took his reward up in doggie Heaven. Walter was devastated. He told more than once that he "was definitely ready to die now."
"That's just crazy talk", I'd tell him. "What about your son...your grand kids? I know you don't mean that Walter."
"Hell...you know how many times I've seen 'em in the last couple years?"
It started to dawn on me that I hadn't seen their minivan come down the road in quite a while.
"Once! One time dammit! Seems like the prodigal son thinks I ruined his life, that I didn't do a good job raisin' him. Well, I could say the same thing about him and the job he's doin' with his kids, but I don't, you know...I don't do it! It's so easy to judge..."
I really felt for him during that time. I was fond of the old man, you see. I never got a chance to know either of my grandfathers and I kinda adopted him so to speak. We had some great, great times. A few years back, when things we're still good, me and Walter had a few too many one night out by my tool shed...we were basically just getting silly and out of control! When it was all said and done, the cops had gotten called! As my wife said at the time—it wasn't one of my finer moments...but yeah, we had some good times.
After Trigger died, I really kept a keen eye on the old man...I was worried about him, you know? At that age and with that type of loss...you just don't know. So I usually talked to him almost daily there for awhile. But then, and you know how this is, days turn to into weeks and then into months and then you just don't stay in steady touch like you'd originally planned. Things start to revert back to how they were.
"I'd like to have Walter over for Christmas dinner," I told my wife one night in early December of last year. "I feel like I haven't spent enough time with him lately." My wife totally understood and thought it to be a fine idea. In fact, she insisted that we do it even though we were having most of her family over and even though Walter, in her words, was "rough around the edges." She was really great about it. You might say that my wife is a darn, good woman!
At first, Walter absolutely refused, then he came around, then refused again, and this went on for about a week or so. Finally, I threatened to send some volunteers from one of the local churches to "elderly-sit" for him and he broke.
"Nah...I can't handle that.", he said. "I'll come to your [expletive deleted] dinner."
So it was my wife, her folks, a couple of her cousins, my sister, a few friends...and Walter. You know, it's funny how a group of folks can come together and you just know that on that particular day, with those particular people, there just isn't another place on Earth that would be better. Football on the T.V., board games, playing old vinyl records, drinking, great conversation, great food, and more drinking! We all had such a fine time! In particular, everybody would get so entranced every time we could get Walter talking about his many interesting life stories especially his service in the Korean conflict.
Towards the end of the evening, my wife and I gave Walter his present. It was a framed picture of him and Trigger that I had taken a few years back. Walter thanked us profusely and I could see his eyes tearing up a bit as he took a sip of his scotch. You could have called it a "moment."
Around eleven that night, Walter decided it was time to go home. Despite his objections, I insisted on walking him home. When we got to his front door he turned around and before I knew it, the old fella had given me a big hug. I was honestly taken aback. After the embrace, I realized that he had tears streaming down his his face.
"You know Lev, I sure as hell don't know if I'd made it the last few years without you and that wonderful woman of yours." He was really starting to bawl now.
"Walter...hey man, it was truly our pleasure, you're like family to us."
"I know, I know...I feel the same way about y'all."
We just stood there awhile until Walter, in pure Walter fashion, finally blurted out - "Well Alright! Get the hell outta here! You're startin' to wear on my nerves kid!"
I just laughed and started strolling on back to the house, but then I yelled back at him - "Oh yeah! At least I'm not old!"
Walter just kind of chuckled and said, "Hey, you're getting' older every day, buddy boy!"
"Yeah...I'll give you that. So, hey! It was a pretty good Christmas , huh?"
For the first time in the almost ten years I'd known him, Walter looked completely content.
"Yessir", he said, "it was a good Christmas indeed."
Yes...it was a good Christmas indeed. It was a very special time and it's a Christmas that I'll never forget.
It was about 3 months later, in March of this year, that we learned that Walter had advanced colon cancer and was terminal. He had known for almost a year and while the doctors had only given him 6 months back in June of last year, he actually made it to August of this year. I'm happy to report that Walter and his son reconciled. He and his family were with Walter for the last several months. Of course, my wife and I were there as were several of the other neighbors. And while things got pretty bad the last couple of weeks, Walter was well cared for with Hospice and didn't really have to deal with any pain. In the end, it was really a blessing for him to pass on. I'd like to believe in Heaven...I really would. And if that is so the case, I'd like to believe that the first thing Walter experienced when he got there was Trigger running up to him and jumping in his arms. That thought always puts a smile on my face. I tell you—I really loved that old man. I think of him often and miss him terribly, but I'll always have the memories of that Christmas evening.
You can email Marshall at marshmanslim@yahoo.com
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The History of Thanksgiving
*My recent column in "About Covington to Madison" Magazine
Hello everyone! Good to be back with you once again. November already! Hard to believe, isn't it? Fall is in full force; college football is hitting the homestretch (and as a UGA man, I'll be "giving thanks" once this season is finally behind us); and Thanksgiving is just around the corner.
Many people consider Thanksgiving their favorite holiday—myself included. It's all about the gratitude we feel for the things we have and the people we love. Also, the traditional feast of turkey, dressing, and the rest of the fixins is pretty darned good. Some would also argue that while Thanksgiving has the food, family, and fellowship of Christmas, it doesn't have the stress and hustle and bustle that sometimes leads up to the December holiday. Of course, I think the people who say that usually aren't the ones doing the cooking! But what about the history of this wonderful holiday?
We all remember the story we learned in elementary school about the Pilgrims and Indians coming together for the first Thanksgiving at Plymouth Rock. And while it wasn't quite so simple (and maybe not quite completely accurate either), that basic story is pretty much true. In 1621, the Pilgrims, led by William Bradford, had a three day feast to give thanks for their first successful harvest and invited several of the local Wampanoag Indians including their leader Massasoit. Also in attendance was Squanto--the Indian who translated for the Pilgrims and who also taught them how to fish the local rivers and to grow and harvest the corn and other crops that they were celebrating. It was quite a feast and included turkey, deer, lobster, fish, fowl, corn, squash, and cranberries. This type of celebration as well as its Autumnal timing was similar to the harvest festivals that many parts of Europe had been celebrating for centuries.
Going back to the line about the first Thanksgiving not being completely accurate, I say that because most historians agree that it wasn't truly the first one in the new continent. In 1619, English settlers in Berkley Hundred, near Jamestown in the Virginia colony, had a "day of thanksgiving" which was actually more or less a religious ceremony but did not include a feast. However, that still might not truly be the first one either as it has been documented that the Spanish had a thanksgiving celebration starting in the mid 1500's in modern day Florida. Also, in modern day Canada, settlers there started celebrating a "thanksgiving" in the late 16th century. So while the basic story behind the Pilgrims is true, it would be inaccurate to label it as the very first Thanksgiving in what is now America. As an aside, Canada also celebrates Thanksgiving but does so in September.
Another inaccuracy with this holiday is the popular misconception that it disappeared for over two centuries and was brought back to life by Lincoln during the Civil War. While Lincoln did issue a proclamation to make the final Thursday in November as a national day of Thanksgiving in 1863, several earlier presidents had done the exact same thing including George Washington and John Adams. Also, many states, particularly in the North, had officially been celebrating the holiday decades before Lincoln.
Thanksgiving did not become an official national holiday until FDR and Congress did so in 1941. They specifically made the fourth Thursday in November (rather than the last) as the date for the holiday. A couple of years earlier, FDR had tried to move the holiday up a week to help spur Christmas sales during the lean times of the Depression. His idea flopped and many people, especially in the South, still celebrated on the last Thursday and jokingly referred to the earlier celebration as "Franksgiving" while some parts of the country simply celebrated both holidays. So after two years and "four" Thanksgivings, FDR and Congress made the change and it has been that way ever since.
There have been some recent trends with Thanksgiving particularly relating to the preparation of the turkey. The big thing lately has been deep frying the bird in peanut oil. Unfortunately, this has also led to Thanksgiving day becoming the number one day of the year for home cooking fires in our country. The experts stress three things. Make sure you're outside. Make sure the turkey is completely thawed out. And make sure you slowly submerse it—don't just drop it in there.
And finally, I'd be remiss if I didn't mention one other thing...just in case there is anyone out there who hasn't heard about it yet. In Louisiana, they eat what they call a "turducken", in which a chicken is stuffed into a duck which is then stuffed into a turkey and then cooked. That's just crazy! Although, I must admit, I really want to try it sometime. There is also a variation called a "gooducken" in which a goose is substituted for the turkey. Strange but true...
Well folks...that's all I got for this one. Hope everyone has a wonderful Thanksgiving and maybe some of us will be dining on turducken this year!
Marshall McCart can be reached at marshmanslim@yahoo.com. Previous columns and additional writings can be found at his blog: www.thepiedmontchronicles.blogspot.com
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John Newton--Fact or Fiction, Part III
My latest column from "About Covington to Madison" Magazine (click on article to get full-size view).
John Newton--Fact or Fiction. Part II
Greetings all! Hope everybody is well. Here's the 2nd installment of the John Newton series in About Covington to Madison Magazine September issue (click on the article to get a full size version) :
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Welcome to The Piedmont Chronicles
Hello! Thanks for stopping by. I've been busy trying to get all of my previously published material up and ready for the readers of About Covington to Madison since this web address will be published in my next column. I'm planning on putting up new columns from the magazine a day or two before the magazine is actually released so remember to check back for an early peek at new articles. Also, I'm planning on adding a good bit of online-only material which will include articles similar to what I've been doing but also some more "blog" oriented stuff. And last but not least, I'm going to try to start putting up a little bit of fiction in the next few months. So...lots of exciting stuff coming down the pike. Thanks for reading!
-Marshall
***Update 8/4/2010. New Column can be found below. Click on the image to see full-scale version (to be able to actually read it). Thanks!-MM
The City of Madison, Georgia
Hello Everybody. Glad to be with you once again. Last month's journey through Walton Co. was a fun one and I'm grateful for all of the comments and feedback. This month, we're turning our gaze east—to Morgan County and the beautiful city of Madison .
Morgan County was formed in 1807 and was named in honor of Daniel Morgan who served as a General in the Revolutionary War. Similar to other counties in the area, Morgan found itself at the edge of the Indian frontier early in its history and that led to some problems. In 1813, Creek Indians massacred several residents of the county. The state of Georgia would send in infantry to help the frontiersmen and there would be no more attacks by the "hostiles." The city of Madison would be incorporated as the county seat in 1809 and named in honor of America 's fourth president, James Madison. The town would grow quickly and had upwards of 13,000 residents within a decade or so. The city was also a stop on the Seven Islands Stage Road—the same road we discussed in our earlier Jasper County column. As I mentioned then, this was known as one of the oldest roads in America and was the main route that linked Charleston all the way to New Orleans . The town also had the good fortune of being located in a very fertile section of the Georgia Piedmont, making it ideal for growing cotton. All of these factors combined to make Madison a successful city that would see growth and prosperity throughout most of its history.
Every time I drive out to Madison , I am truly amazed at how beautiful of a town it really is. One of my favorite drives is to take Hwy 278 from Covington all the way to Madison . As you enter the historic part of Madison , you'll run into the main drag—Hwy 441. Swing a left and you will feel as if you've stepped back in time with all of the antebellum houses on either side of the road. Turn off on any of the side streets, and you'll see many more beautiful homes. As you near the square, you'll notice something a little different. In the middle of the square, there isn't a courthouse or a park like most southern cites—there's a U.S. Post Office. Madison sold that land to the Federal Government in 1914 for $5,000. On the southeast corner of the square is where you will find the Morgan County Courthouse. As many of you know who've read some of my previous columns—I'm a sucker for Georgia courthouses. And folks, I must say (and with apologies to my hometown of Covington , GA ), I believe that Madison has the best one in Georgia . Built in 1905 with a neoclassic architectural style, it is absolutely wonderful.
One of the most interesting aspects of Madison 's history occurred during the Civil War. The fact that Madison was smack dab in the middle of Sherman 's March to the Sea would make someone wonder about all of the antebellum structures that survived. The key to that would be one man—Joshua Hill. Prior to the War Between the States, Mr. Hill was a lawyer and served as a U.S. Senator. He opposed secession but when the war started up, he resigned and moved back to Madison . While in Washington , Hill had struck up a friendship with William Tecumseh Sherman's brother, John. As the years went by and the war started to take its final direction, Hill's son was killed in action in north Georgia in 1864. Hill got in touch with William Sherman so his son's body could be sent back to Madison for burial. During this time, the two met and discussed many things including a desire to see the war end. It is believed that it was at this meeting where Hill asked Sherman to spare his beautiful hometown. In November of 1864, as Sherman and his forces reached Madison , they proceeded to tear up the railroad tracks and burn the train depot, cotton gins, and a few commercial properties but spared the houses of the town. However, as fate would ironically have it, the plantation house and buildings of Mr. Hill's estate were burned to the ground. It was thought that this was done as revenge by the Yankee soldiers because they weren't able to pillage and plunder the city itself. Not too surprising considering how ruthless they were in Georgia . But thanks to Mr. Hill, most of the beautiful city of Madison was spared.
These days, Madison is a thriving place where you can shop for antiques, eat at any number of great restaurants, and see several beautiful, antebellum homes. In 2001, Travel Holiday magazine named Madison the number-one small town in America . After you see this town, you'll understand why it has been called "the town too pretty to burn."
Next month, my hometown of Covington , GA. Until then,
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The City of Covington
As I mentioned in a previous column, many folks refer to Covington as "C-town." A friend of mine from Conyers once tried to tell me that Conyers is the original "C-town." Well...for one thing, Covington is older, and with apologies to anybody who feels otherwise—Covington is the original C-town. Growing up in Covington during the 1980's was pretty cool. Buying G.I. Joe figures at Harper's, getting baseball cards at Leo's, and enjoying vanilla malts at City Pharmacy...it was a good time. The world seemed pretty small and Atlanta seemed like a million miles away. I imagine there are more than a few locals over the age of 40 or 50 who are probably getting a kick out me romantically reminiscing about Covington in the 80's. I'm sure they could tell you how it was in the 50's or 60's or earlier. And I'm sure it was great.
The city of Covington is the county seat of Newton County. For centuries, the Creek Indian nation had ownership of this area. Newton Co. would be made up of land ceded from the Creeks in 1805, 1818 and the treaty of Indian Springs in 1821. On December 24th, 1821—Newton Co. was formed through an act of the Georgia Legislature. The county was named for Revolutionary "war hero" John Newton.
Questions actually exist as to whether or not Mr. Newton was real...his legend seems to come from the writings of M.L. Weems who was responsible for a lot of the romantic and fabricated tales of the early times of American history including the story of George Washington and the Cherry Tree. If Newton did indeed exist, it seems likely that he was not responsible for the act of heroism that he is credited with and there seems to be evidence that he was considered by some at the the time to be of questionable character and may have actually been referred to as a "thief and a villain." So, the namesake of Newton Co. may have never existed at all or, if he did, was possibly considered a bit of a no-account.
On April 15th, 1822, the Inferior court designated an area on a hill south of a swampy area by the Dried Indian Creek as the county seat and named it Newtonsborough. The story behind Dried Indian Creek goes like this—a corpse of an Indian was found on the bank of the creek and it was all dried up...it seems doubtful there was any truth to that story. Lots were laid out and sold in May of that year, and the town started to slowly grow. In December of 1822, the state legislature changed the name of the town in honor of Brig. General Leonard Covington who was killed in the War of 1812 and remembered as a hero. Unlike Newton, his legend seems to be legitimate.
The War Between the States
Covington's first direct contact with Union forces occurred in the Summer of 1864 when a cavalry division led by Kenner Garrard was instructed by William Sherman to destroy several of the railroads and bridges in and around Covington. He actually instructed Garrard to avoid any unnecessary molestation of private properties. On July 22nd, war broke out in Covington when an older resident named Presley Jones decided to take on the Yankees by himself. He did manage to kill two of them before he himself was shot and killed. Unfortunately, in order to placate their revenge, the Union forces court-martialed and executed a local man named George Daniel even though he was innocent of any crime.
Despite numerous accounts to the contrary, there seems to be no evidence that Sherman knew anyone in Covington other than the sister of a man he went to West Point with. Actually, there is evidence that Sherman had given strict orders that personal homes were supposed to be off-limits. That only commercial, agricultural, and transportation-related properties were to be destroyed in addition to bridges, trains, and train tracks. Sherman and his troops would live off the land with the actual order being to "forage liberally on the country." In fact, when Sherman had finally reached Covington himself in November of 1864, he told the Mayor that everything inside of people's houses was off-limits but everything outside was not. While the whole goal of the Georgia campaign was to make the South sick of war, it seems that more times than not, excesses seemed to occur on the flanks or well ahead or behind the main force. At times, the Union forces formed a swath 60-75 miles wide and were picking up stragglers and hangers-on all the while. The most egregious wrongs committed against locals seemed to happen more frequently on the periphery.
After the Civil War, Covington had to deal with Reconstruction. Like the rest of the South, she struggled during that period, but would eventually come through it and grow and prosper. An interesting and little-known aspect of Covington's history was mentioned in my very first column. By the 1880's, Covington had become somewhat of a "wild west town" and had upwards of a dozen saloons and drinking establishments. Some of these included hotels and general stores, but several were just straight-up whiskey joints where cards could be played and various types of "entertainment" could be found. Liquor could also be bought by the bottle at general stores and druggist shops. The increasing influence of alcohol did start to cause some problems and by 1882, when a man named Will Smith killed two men after drinking and playing cards, the prohibition movement started to pick up some serious steam in Covington and Newton County.
Covington would continue to thrive with the growth of the railroads and would enjoy prosperity for many years. Like every other town we've covered in these columns, the one-two punch of the boll weevil and the Depression were tough. But the town would survive and continue on a path of prosperity. During the 70's, the city would start to attract major industry and with the close proximity of I-20, the town has thrived for the last several decades. Covington is home and I love it. It's a wonderful place.
From Salem to Buckhead...and Some Points in Between
*This was my first column for "About Covington to Madison" that came out in early 2009.
Hey there. My name is Marshall and I hope this column finds you well. Keeping in line with this magazine being a publication for Newton, Walton, Morgan, and the surrounding counties, this column will cover many things about the east metro Atlanta area including history, trivia, interesting places (and people), and just about anything else really. So, let's start the journey…
Based on the title of this column, I can hear some people saying, "Salem? Isn't that a road". Yes it is, but for over hundred years it has been a community. Never an incorporated town, but like so many other little hamlets in Newton county, it has been a vital part of people's lives. Salem originated from the Salem Campgrounds which has hosted the Salem Camp Meeting every year since 1828 (with the exception of the Civil War years) making it one of the South's oldest camp meetings.
As you wind your way east from the western part of Newton towards the center you will hit Covington, the county seat. Referred to as "C-town" by a lot of the younger residents of the city (myself included), Covington's town square has been considered one of the prettiest in the state. The historic courthouse has been immortalized by many movies and television shows over the years, particularly the long-running show—"In the Heat of the Night." Covington was originally called Newtonsboro but was later changed in favor of the last name of General Leonard Covington, a war hero of the War of 1812. Covington's history is rich and varied. There was a time in the 1880's when several saloons were on the Covington square and the city was considered somewhat of a "boomtown". If you ride east from the Square on Floyd Street, you will ride by some of the prettiest Antebellum homes you'll ever likely see.
If you took Floyd Street to Hwy 278 and went east you would eventually find yourself in Rutledge, Ga. A beautiful little city, it is one of Morgan County's four incorporated towns. And at around 700 people, it is actually Morgan's 2nd biggest city! Rutledge is right next door to Hard Labor Creek State Park. One of the prettiest places in all of Georgia, this state park features great fishing at Lake Rutledge and is also home to one of the most beautiful golf courses I've ever played.
If you head north from the state park on Fairplay Rd you will pass through the community of Fairplay. After the third 4-way stop, be prepared for a glorious and serene sight as you pass through a valley just south of Bostwick, GA. Bostwick, one of the coolest little towns in Georgia in my estimation, is home to the Susie Agnes Hotel which is on the National Historic Register. They also have a yearly Cotton Gin Festival every Fall. Bostwick was founded in 1902 as a cotton town with a John Bostwick as mayor. In 2009, Bostwick is a cotton town with a John Bostwick as mayor. Pretty neat!
If you jump on GA 83 and head south you will eventually arrive in Madison, GA. Named for America's third president, Madison is known as "The town Sherman refused to Burn." It has also been named "The Prettiest Small Town in America." It is truly that, and will have its own write up in a later column.
If you jump on I-20 and head east for a bit you will arrive in Buckhead, GA. Known as the "real" Buckhead, it is the smallest incorporated town in Morgan Co. with approx. 200 residents. Surrounded by beauty, this little town just gives you a special feeling. Originally settled in 1805 but not fully incorporated until 1908, it predates all other cities in Morgan Co. Recently, it has become home to a major musical festival.
Well, that's it for this month. Hope you enjoyed it. Next time we will backtrack a bit and cover the towns of Newborn and Mansfield in Newton County, Social Circle, and will get a little more in the history of famous people in this area
The Dark Tale of John S. Williams, Part I
*author's note: much of my research for this series of articles was found in "Lay This Body Down", a book by Gregory Freeman that details this horrific story. I highly recommend it to anyone wanting to get more in-depth information on this tragic tale.
One of the most heinous crimes to occur in this area happened about 90 years ago. In April of 1921 at the courthouse in Covington, GA, John Williams was found guilty of the murder of Lindsey Peterson, a black peon who had worked on the Williams farm. That in and of itself was bad, but what made things so terrible is that he was also charged in the killings of 10 others--all black men, known as peons, who had worked on the Williams Plantation in Jasper Co., GA. It was a monumental shift in Southern justice as it is widely believed that Williams was the first white man convicted of murdering a black in the Deep South since Reconstruction. The trial was considered one of the biggest in Georgia up to that time and received national headlines as the "Murder Farm" trial.
The word peon is known today simply as a derogatory term; however, years ago it described someone, usually black, who was forced to work for someone, usually a white plantation owner, to pay off fines or debts. Usually, the fine was minor—maybe $5 and for something as simple as loitering. Unable to pay the fine, a farmer could come along and pay it off and the prisoner was released into his custody and the peon would "work it off." Usually, fuzzy math was employed and the debt would never get repaid. It was a de facto form of slavery and while the Emancipation Proclamation and 13th Amendment had technically ended the "peculiar institution", the peonage system would last well into the 20th century and all the way to the 1960's in some Southern states. But not in Georgia. After the John Williams case, the horrible practice quickly started to disappear.
This sordid tale started with the escape of Gus Chapman who had been held against his will at the Williams farm as a peon. On his first escape attempt in 1920, he was hunted down and given a terrible beating, but the second time he succeeded and made it to Atlanta. Once there, he was able to meet with two agents of the Bureau of Investigation (the precursor to the FBI) and tell a tale of indentured servitude that included beatings, whippings and improper living conditions. The Feds were looking to get tough on peonage since the awful practice was getting bigger and bigger in most of the cotton states despite being expressly outlawed in 1867.
(Next month: Williams Decides to "get rid of the evidence"...Murder and Mayhem in Jasper, Co.)
The Dark Tale of John S. Williams, Part II
Williams Decides to Get Rid of the Evidence
So Gus Chapman, the escaped peon, met with Agents Brown and Wismer of the Bureau of Investigation in early 1921. The agents believed Chapman and were persuaded by his horrible tale. Other complaints had come into their office about the Williams plantation over the years and with this new information, they decided the time had come to drive out to Jasper County and pay John Williams a visit.
The agents went out to the Williams farm unannounced in mid February of 1921. Williams was away from the property at the time and the first person they spoke to was Clyde Manning, the black overseer of the Plantation and John Williams's right hand man. Manning spoke to the Feds as had been instructed by his boss if this situation were to ever arise. He spoke of Williams as a kind man and said that none of the workers were there against their will and that the conditions were very good. They spoke to several other black workers who all echoed Manning's sentiments. And naturally they would. They were all terrified of this man who had been known to kill peons in the past. And one must remember--this was rural Georgia in the 1920's. Federal agents or not, these men wouldn't be talking. Later, Williams would return and spoke with the agents at length and had seemingly convinced them that all was well. In fact, the facade put up by Williams would have likely worked had it not been for one simple thing: the Feds caught Manning and Williams in a lie over what had really happened to Gus Chapman on his first escape attempt. And that pretty much did it. And Williams knew it.
Williams probably felt like his entire universe would start to crumble if the Feds were able to put together a case against him. In his sick and twisted mind, he may have felt like his only option was to get rid of the evidence-- the ten or so black peons working and living on his farm. The next morning, he went by and visited Manning and told him, "Clyde, it won't do for those boys to get up yonder and swear against us. They will ruin us...we'll have to do away with them." At first, Manning was hoping against hope that Williams meant they'd have to release them...but deep down inside he knew better and as the conversation went on that cold Saturday morning, the truth became apparent--John Williams wanted these men dead.
When it was all said and done, eleven men would be killed. The first victim was Johnnie Williams (no relation to John S. Williams). Unlike most of the peons, he wasn't drowned in one of the local rivers. Instead, he got an axe to the side of his head and was buried in a shallow grave on the Williams farm.
(Next month: Murder and Mayhem in Jasper Co....The Trial)
The Dark Tale of John S. Williams, Part III
Murder & Mayhem in Jasper Co.
The day after Johnnie Williams became the first victim of this killing spree in the winter of 1921, John S. Williams instructed Clyde Manning, his right-hand man, to get John Will Gaither, known as "Big John", and another of the peons to start working on digging out a well on another part of the plantation. Manning knew that another killing was eminent. And sure enough, while Big John was almost head deep in a hole of Georgia clay, Williams instructed the other man, Charlie Chisolm, to hit him in the head with a pick axe. He did, and Big John died almost instantly and collapsed into his makeshift grave. Manning and Chisolm filled it in and another man had met his death on the Williams farm in as many days.
The saddest part of this whole story, to me, has got to be Clyde Manning. A peon himself, who knew that Williams had killed in the past and wouldn't hesitate to turn his murderous ways on him. In fact, he told him that very thing. "It's your neck or theirs, Clyde... [pick] whichever you think the most of." Basically—it was help kill these men, fellow black peons that Manning had come to know and love almost like brothers, or end up dead himself. The only possible alternative? Kill Williams and face a certain death probably by lynching. It was truly a tragic situation.
A few days later on Friday February 25th, Williams decided it was time to dispose of a couple more men. He probably decided it wasn't a good idea to have too many more bodies on the property, so he decided that dumping them in the local rivers was his best bet. That evening he went to the peon quarters and told the men that he was going to start letting them go. He decided that he would only take two men that night—John "Red" Brown and Johnny "Little Bit" Benson. Those two along with Williams, Chisolm, and Manning piled into a car and were supposedly on the way to the train station. However, on the way, they stopped the car and Red and Little Bit were tied up with chains and irons. Once on Water's Bridge over the Alcovy River, Williams stopped the car and proceeded to have Manning and Chisolm dump the men over the bridge railing. The two victims cried and pleaded, promising that they wouldn't say anything to anyone. But it was too late. Williams wanted these men dead.
The next night, three more men would be disposed of in a similar manner. This time off of Allen's Bridge over the Yellow River. The three victims—Willie Preston, Harry Price, and Lindsey Peterson (as you'll remember from the first column, he was the first body found and would be the murder victim that Williams would be tried for). Preston and Peterson were the first to be thrown over. Price was actually able to shake loose and with tears streaming down his face told the men, "Don't throw me over.. I'll go over [myself]." So, on that cold February night, he whispered "Lord Have Mercy", and leaned back over the railing.
The next day two more peons would be killed--Johnny Green and Willie Givens. Both would be killed on the plantation with an axe and buried where they fell. A week later, Charlie Chisolm, who had helped with several of the earlier murders, was next. He was tied up with chains and rocks and dumped in the Alcovy. A few days after that, Fletcher Smith would be the last worker killed. He was shot and buried on the plantation.
Next month: The conclusion of this tale—Part IV: The Trial
The Dark Tale of John S. Williams, Part IV
When it was all said and done, eleven black men who had been working against their will as peons would be murdered (Peonage, as we have discussed through all of these columns, was a de facto form of slavery that would exist in the Deep South well into the 20th century). A heinous killing spree indeed, it had lasted for a couple of weeks and events would unfold quickly soon thereafter. Several days later, two young boys discovered a human foot sticking out of the Yellow River near Allen's bridge. The Newton Co. Sheriff was contacted and it was discovered there were actually two bodies that would later be identified as Willie Preston and Lindsey Peterson. Over the course of the next several days, more bodies would be found in the Alcovy and South rivers, and the people of Newton and Jasper counties started to realize that there was something very bad going on.
At this point, the story could have easily ended. Once again, we must remember that this was rural Georgia in the 1920's. Finding the bodies of murdered blacks was not really out of the ordinary during the heyday of lynchings and mob rule justice. But one simple thing changed all that. A co-worker of the federal agents we discussed in the first couple parts of this article forwarded a newspaper article about the bodies being discovered, and Agents Brown and Wismer figured that this was no coincidence. They got involved and with the help of the Newton County authorities and a former peon, they were able to ascertain that these were indeed former workers of John S. Williams.
Knowing that this was would be under local jurisdiction, the Feds realized that they could not really get involved so they enlisted the aid of Hugh Dorsey, Georgia 's governor at the time. Dorsey, some suspect, was looking to rehab his legacy after the Leo Frank debacle (Dorsey served as that trial's chief prosecutor in what is widely believed to be one of the worst travesties of justice in Georgia's history). With Dorsey and the State of Georgia involved and the Feds working in the background, a case seemed possible if the local authorities were on board. They were. The Newton Co. Sheriff and the local D.A. were up for the challenge. The final piece of the puzzle was getting Clyde Manning's testimony. From there, it all came together and combined with the arrogance and lack of urgency on the part of Williams and his defense team, a very good case was made in court.
On April 9th, 1921, at the courthouse in Covington and with journalists from as far away as New York watching, the jury comprised of twelve white men returned a verdict—Guilty! It was a huge surprise for just about everybody as it is widely believed that John S. Williams was the first white man convicted of murdering a black in the Deep South since Reconstruction. He was sentenced to life in prison. About a month later, Manning received the same verdict and punishment for his role although it seemed he had no choice in his involvement if he had wanted to stay alive.
Manning would die in prison about six years later from Tuberculosis. Williams would die a few years after that after being crushed by a truck. It is believed that this awful event did have one silver lining—it started to bring an end to the awful practice of peonage and would pave the way for more reform down the road.
I know this has been a sad, tragic, and at times, gruesome tale. I made it a point to mention all eleven victims by name during these past few columns. They all lived very difficult lives only to be murdered because a man didn't want to deal with the consequences of his actions.
Well…for those of you who stuck with us to the very end—Thank You. I'm glad you did. Next month we are going to revisit John Newton, the namesake of Newton County . In a previous column about the history of Covington , GA , I had mentioned that there were some possible questions regarding the validity of Newton 's legend. We'll get involved with that and see if we can figure out—"John Newton: Fact or Fiction?"
COVERING THE GLORIOUS GEORGIA PIEDMONT
| Covington, GA | Newton Co. |
Politics. Current Events. Local History. Sports. Music. Arts & Culture. Odds & Ends. Miscellany + What-not.
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text:
Refinery::PagesController.class_eval do

    include Refinery::Blog::ControllerHelper
    before_filter :find_all_blog_posts, :only => [:home]

 end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
package com.devsh.androidlogin.movie;

import retrofit2.Call;
import retrofit2.http.DELETE;
import retrofit2.http.Field;
import retrofit2.http.FormUrlEncoded;
import retrofit2.http.POST;
import retrofit2.http.Path;
import retrofit2.http.Query;

public interface CommentService {

    @POST("/android/comment.json")
    @FormUrlEncoded
    Call<CommentServiceResponse> postComment(@Field("api_token") String api_token,
                           @Field("comment[movie_id]") String movieId,
                           @Field("comment[message]") String message);

    @DELETE("/android/comment/{commentId}.json")
    Call<CommentServiceResponse> deleteComment(@Path("commentId") String commentId, @Query("api_token") String api_token);

}


Loved this gorgeous hanger. It made for stunning wedding photos!! Can't wait to get them back!
I purchased a monogram hanger for my daughter for her wedding dress picture. She loved it! It added the perfect touch to a very special picture. All of the girls (Aunts, cousins, friends, girlfriends, all of them!) that saw it the day of the wedding just raved about it. We all thought it was so unique and pretty. So, I bought one for my niece. I can't wait to give it to her! It is nicely made. Shipping time is very reasonable considering the hanger needs to be made then mailed, I believe it came rather quickly.
Beautiful, and the seller was easy to be in contact with. Shipped quickly. Gorgeous item for a bride to be!


text:
Milesia undulata is a species of hoverfly in the family Syrphidae.

Distribution
Japan.

References

Insects described in 1863
Eristalinae
Diptera of Asia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The American Institute of Architects (AIA) has put forward a list of ten selected firms for this years Housing Awards. The program, which started at the turn of the millennium, seeks to provide recognition to the "best in housing design" and "promote the importance of good housing as a necessity of life."
Eligible projects needed to have been completed after January 1, 2011. They could be renovations or new buildings of any size, budget, or style, including mixed-use projects.
Awards are be divided into four categories: One/Two Family Custom Housing; One/Two Family Production Housing (none selected this year); Multifamily Housing and Special Housing.
This years jury included Jamie Blosser, AIA (Chair), Atkin Olshin Schade Architects; Ariella Cohen, Editor-in-Chief of Next City; Kevin Harris, FAIA of Kevin Harris Architect, LLC; David Lee, FAIA of Stull and Lee, Inc. and Suman Sorg, FAIA of Sorg & Associates, P.C.
This award recognizes work for custom and remodelled homes.
"Situated on the Ocean's coastline at a corner of an ancient fishpond, this private residence reflects the culture of the Hawaiian Islands by embracing its lush surroundings. The house has diverse outdoor spaces and a highly transparent envelope with intimate views of the landscape, the coastal reef and the surf.
Oak Ridge House; Jackson, MS – Duvall Decker Architects, P.A.
This award looks at the integration of the building(s) into their site, using both open and recreational space, transportation options and features that contribute to liveable communities. Both high- and low-density projects were considered.
The Special Housing award acknowledges design that meets the unique needs of other specialized housing types, including housign for the disabled, residential rehabilitation programs, domestic violence shelters, and among others.
Commonwealth Honors College, University of Massachusetts; Amherst, MA – William Rawn Associates, Architects, Inc.


A brand new kind of ship, the Avalon Panorama, takes inspired design to a whole new level. A unique "Suite Ship," the Avalon Panorama is the first of its kind in the industry - with two full decks of suites featuring a Wall-to-Wall Panoramic Window that transforms the living space into a unique Open-Air Balcony. As you cruise through Europe's finest rivers - the Danube, Rhine, or Main - enjoy the fresh breeze and enchanting scenery from the comfort of your suite. With 200 square feet, the Panorama Suite is more than 30% larger than the industry standard, and it gives you the unparalleled opportunity to wake up each morning facing the magnificent passing scenery. Exciting onboard amenities include an Internet corner and Wi-Fi access, a well-stocked library, an expanded fitness center, and a spacious Sky Deck with premium lounge chairs, shade system, whirlpool, and delightful Open-Air Bistro. There's no better way to cruise in Europe than in the spacious comfort offered on the Avalon Panorama.


Storm Team Max Liquid Ice Melt is a 50% w/w potassium acetate solution, is an environmentally safe and effective alternative to chlorides. It is friendlier to corrosion sensitive infrastructures such as bridges and parking decks, and is effective in the most extreme winter conditions. Storm Team Max is listed as a Pacific Northwest Snowfighters (PNS) qualified product with an exceptional corrosion % rate effectiveness. Storm Team Max is actively applied to bridges by various DOT's.
Storm Team Max anti-icer/de-icer is formulated with a proprietary corrosion inhibitor package to improve its compatibility with copper, brass, aluminum, aluminum alloys, zinc and other metals and alloys. The corrosion inhibitors work by forming a protective barrier between the metal and the liquid runway de-icers (LRD).
Storm Team Max may be used as an anti-icer or de-icer. It is ready to use and requires no dilution, mixing, or heating.


A fragrance blend of Verbena / Eucalyptus / Peppermint wax melt chips.
A sparkling blend of the most refreshing fragrances that's a perfect addition to the kitchen. For those days when you need a boost of fragrance while working in the house.


text:
Adorning the interior and exteriors of historic buildings throughout the globe, marble's place as a premiere surface is without question.
Marble is a metamorphic rock found in the mountainous regions of most countries of the world. Marble quarried in India, China, Italy, and Spain represents the majority of marble, in terms of volume, that is utilized worldwide. Because of its beauty and elegance, marble is a popular choice for countertops, floors, foyers, fireplace facings and hearths, walls, and windowsills.
Marble, with its inherent warmth, adds a sophisticated element to the area in which it is installed. Its naturally random appearance, engineering characteristics, and ease of maintenance makes it a premium choice for floors, wall claddings, table tops, wainscot, floors, and vanity tops. Many marbles are well suited for wet area application, which extends the versatility of this material to include tub decks and showers.
The calcite crystal is the basic building block of true marbles. The calcite crystal is vulnerable to attack by mild acids, including those commonly found in kitchen and bar settings. The user selecting marble for these applications should be aware of, and accepting of the maintenance and patina that is to be anticipated with this combination. Acid rain and other weathering elements can also affect exterior marble installations, and exterior applications are generally limited to white marbles, with some exceptions.


Java Bytecode is a historical bytecode format created in 1995.
I have 19 facts about Java Bytecode. just email me if you need more.
Email your updated file to feedback@codelani.com with subject "update Java Bytecode"


text:
Mike Oldham
Born and raised in Nashville Tn. and exposed to music from day one, it's no surprise that Mike Oldham is a natural singer/song writer of the finest order. Mike and his three brothers were lined up at the ripe old age of four and given their parts by their talented father who molded their talent into what would eventually take them to the big stages where they would open for folks like John Anderson, Johnny Paycheck and others. The writing talent of Mike Oldham remained undiscovered and untapped until 2007 when a producer at Star trix records heard a little tune that Mike wrote called "Heart Break E.R." and cleared his calendar for a chance to get him in the studio. From the studio to the stage, if you want to see and hear a real professional do it the way it should be done, check this guy out. You'll be glad you did.
Tim Marino Detroit
Mike, really dug you and your fellow Nashville all-star Tone Rangers at Nashv. Palace day after Christmas. Enjoying your CD now- keep doin what u do so well man!
Neil Wildin UK
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=65nOty8KjX0 Thought you might like this from today :) great show. Thanks. Let me know if you are coming to the UK Nwildin@gmail.com
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=65nOty8KjX0 Thought you might like this from today great show. Thanks. Let me know if you are coming to the UK
Nwildin@gmail.com
Tina Phil Thersa & Darren Nashville Palace
Dropped into the Palace and heard Mike for the first time- absolutely brilliant, words cannot express the true talent of this guy. He dedicated a song to Theresa - Mike you just made her holiday ?x
John B. St. Louis, MO
I saw Mike Oldham on a Thursday afternoon at the Full Moon Saloon (now closed) in Nashville in January of 2015. His rendition of "The Old Violin" by Johnny Paycheck was amazing, and I will never forget how great he was. If I ever return to Nashville you can bet that I will be trying to see him again.
Gary West St. Paul,MN
Feb 7 2016 11:52 AM
I like your site Mike looking good!
Friday, September 4 @ 2:30PM Fri, Sep 4 @ 2:30PM
The Nashville Palace, McGavock Pike, Nashville, TN
Friday, August 28 @ 2:30PM Fri, Aug 28 @ 2:30PM
Friday, August 7 @ 2:30PM Fri, Aug 7 @ 2:30PM
Friday, July 31 @ 2:30PM Fri, Jul 31 @ 2:30PM
Friday, July 3 @ 2:30PM Fri, Jul 3 @ 2:30PM
Friday, June 26 @ 2:30PM Fri, Jun 26 @ 2:30PM
Friday, June 5 @ 2:30PM Fri, Jun 5 @ 2:30PM
Friday, May 29 @ 2:30PM Fri, May 29 @ 2:30PM
Friday, May 8 @ 2:30PM Fri, May 8 @ 2:30PM
Friday, April 24 @ 2:30PM Fri, Apr 24 @ 2:30PM


text:
Hejőpapi is een plaats (község) en gemeente in het Hongaarse comitaat Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén. Hejőpapi telt 1248 inwoners (2001).

Plaats in Hongarije


text:
Hail the King Chapter 208.2
Chapter 208: Are you willing to become my disciple? (Part Two)
This explanation embarrassed York a lot.
"Uh? York, you were injured? You are not completely healed yet?" After some chatting, Fei suddenly realized that despite the fact the York was strong and tough like a mountain, there was hidden injury in his knee. As a mercenary who risked his life, this injury would immobilize him sometimes. That would be a huge reduction in his strength, and it might pose a lot of risk in the future.
"Ah, yeah. The backstory of this injury goes way back……"
After seeing Fei who defeated the Golden Sun Knight was very friendly, that he didn't have the haughty attitude of nobles and royals, and didn't look down and mock poor people, York relaxed himself. He slowly told Fei how the injury in his left knee occurred.
It was a really interesting story.
A year ago, old York was still an anxious and careless homeless mercenary. He wasn't a nice person; he was one of the gang leaders at the ghetto here in Hot Spring Gate. But after he provoked someone who was much more powerful, his limbs were all broken by the person's guards and he was thrown into a garbage pile to die. This kind of situation occurred at the ghetto where even sunlight didn't even want to shine. During the time where his limbs were broken, he couldn't move. If it wasn't for these kids who were looking through the garbage piles for food and clothes, he would be dead. However, these kids found him alive and fed him some food and water.
In that period of time, York experienced desperation, self-destruction, his all-time-low, deep thinking, awakening, and motivation. Those were the feelings that one couldn't experience in a short amount of time. But after this tragic, York turned his life around. He decided to live with these kids who saved him, and he got a space in this ghetto for him and the kids using his one star warrior strength. He then cleaned it up and fenced it off. After all of that, York registered as an official mercenary and could take some missions. Although he was only able to get paid very little for these hard and dangerous missions, he was able to provide a living for these kids in the ghetto….. However, since he wasn't able to get proper treatment, there were hidden injures in his joints after he recovered on the surface. Especially his left knees; it never really healed.
"Hehe, I have a good way to heal it for you, but it might hurt." Fei laughed.
"Really? That would be great!" York was excited, "I don't care about the pain. If I can get this old problem fixed, I can advance in my mercenary levels. Haha, after I finish some higher level missions, I would be able to make more money and feed these kids whose appetites are getting bigger and bigger……"
"Ok, you are a great person."
After Fei said that, he suddenly patted on York's left knee. Crack! York's knee bone broke into little pieces. But before he can cry in pain, Fei instantly switched to [Paladin Mode] and injected a beam of gold light into the knee.
York felt a numb yet sore sensation. He felt like the broken bones and his muscles were all moving as if they were reorganizing and growing. It was simply indescribable. After about 50 seconds, York found out surprisingly that the pain disappeared, and his left knee that was hard to move become agile like new.
"This is magical……" Both York and Philips were shocked.
They had never seen anything like this. It was comparable to Healings Spells that high priests at the Holy Church could cast. However, the priests who were even haughtier than the nobles couldn't cast the spell that easily. "No wonder he could defeat the Golden Sun Knight." They thought.
"York, after your story, I still haven't heard much about Philip. Is he one of the orphans?" After some more chatting, the king moved the topic onto Philip.
"Yeah, your majesty. Philip was one of the orphans." York said with a very joyful expression as he moved his left leg that he wasn't use to moving this freely. He looked at the dark skinned young man as he said earnestly, "However, he isn't a resident of Hot Spring Gate. No one knows when he came here or where he is from. Normally, a kid like him who didn't know any fighting techniques or warrior power would have a hard time surviving out here, but he lived well and was even able to protect these kids. Before I came here, Philip was the one who took care of these kids…… He is a kind and valiant kid. I had never asked him about his past. Oh, I heard he said that his full name is Philip Inzagi."
"Philip Inzagi….. Oh, you said he doesn't know any fighting techniques?" Fei asked curiously.
How could a kid who didn't know any fighting techniques have that familiar dark and gloomy sensation, like a knife that was covered by the blood of numerous people and was waiting in the air quietly to strike down. Fei was familiar with this sensation since he would also have this sensation on him when he was in his [Assassin Mode]. In another word, Fei believed that this kid had the potential to become a top-notch assassin. This was one of the reasons why Fei was willing to spend so much time here. Fei didn't lack warriors who were willing to fight on the battlefield, but he did lack a top assassin who could complete missions for him in the dark.
"Yes, your majesty. Philip doesn't know any fighting techniques, but he has a very strange ability; he is able to escape even if he is targeted by a Six Star Warrior……"
"Born ability?" Fei was surprised.
York giggled as he called for Philips. After he murmured to the Philip's ear, the dark-skinned young man bit his lips as he hesitated. However, he seemed to make a decision. He walked up to Fei and lightly shook his body. Suddenly, he started to become lighter and more transparent. Soon, he merged into the space and was not visible anymore. Fei was even surprised by this at the end. "Not wonder York said that he could escape from a Six Star Warrior; there is no exaggeration in that!" Fei couldn't even sense where Philip was or any of his trace when he tried his best.
Fei couldn't believe it, so he tried several times. However, he wasn't able to get anywhere.
After he switched to [Assassin Mode], he slowly emitted his Zen energy into the air like waves in a lake. After the re-bounces of the Zen energy, he was finally able to spot where Philip Inzagi was. He suddenly dashed as his body also disappeared into the air. He was nowhere to be seen as well.
York was so shocked that he couldn't even close his mouth.
"Haha, got you!" A laughter sounded as semi-transparent waves floated in the air. Fei appeared with his hands on Philip's shoulders. The young man was shocked as well; it was the first time in his life that his stealth technique was countered.
After putting Philips down, Fei laughed as he demonstrated a few skills of his assassin character, especially flashy skills such as [Tiger Strike], [Dragon Talon], [Dragon Claw], and [Fists of Fire]. Philip who was seeing this was excited; his eyes literally shone. It was a strange yet subtle feeling, as if something in his mind told him "These are the techniques that you should learn!"
"Philip, I'm interesting in taking you in, are you willing to become my disciple?" Fei suddenly stopped. After seeing the young man was intrigued by what he had showed, he asked with a smile on his face.
Both York and Philip were shocked! They stood still and didn't know how to react.
The situation where they couldn't even dream about actually happened.
agila0212
Nepuko
The birth of the Strongest Assassin ( after Fei of course :p)
Great turn of the story. Building characters and setting even more suspense. These are the chapter s that make this such a wonderful read. Stark contrast to the bloody massacre scenes are truly what set this apart.
Thanks noodles!
animemanganovelfiction
interesting 😀 he will become powerful Assassin with that Ability ahahahaha 😀
thx for the chapter ^^
Renan Favero
another soccer player join to the team kk
Isaac Cunningham
i love the names in this, I can't wait for fights with the Manchester empire ect
leave us a sexy msg to show that you are here	Cancel reply


text:
A major research centre
Research at the University of Nantes drives innovation and is highly regarded nationally and internationally. Its excellent reputation is based on its research organization, including more space dedicated to research (+ 57% between 2010 and 2015) and its efforts to move ground-breaking discoveries from the laboratory to the marketplace. Highly invested in the region, the University is actively involved in building regional hubs and competitiveness clusters.
Vitality and quality of life
Spread over six campuses between Nantes, Saint Nazaire and La Roche sur Yon, the University of Nantes Saint-Nazaire enrols nearly 38,000 students, with an attractive and multidisciplinary offering. It offers a total of nearly 300 degrees and boasts a master-level success rate well above the national average (89.8% success in Master 2, versus 79% nationally).
Located in a beautiful natural setting on the edge of the Erdre River, the University is a strong focal point in a metropolitan area known for its vitality, culture, economic development and quality of life.
Grandes écoles and vocational schools
With 10 grandes écoles and vocational schools, including 5 engineering schools, the Nantes metro area boasts a diversified range of high-level educational and training programs.
The five engineering schools (Ecole des Mines, ONIRIS, Polytech'Nantes, Ecole Centrale and ICAM) offer general or specialized engineering degrees in computer science, mechanics and materials, agri-food and much more.
The Audencia Business School is the top ranked school by businesses when it comes to leadership training and regularly ranks among the top 10 worldwide (L'Express, Le Figaro Etudiant, Le Parisien).
The ESB School of Wood Science and Technology, the School of Design, the ESBANM School of Fine Arts , the ESAN School of Architecture and others round out the offering and generate creative friction.
The Bretagne Loire University
In January 2016, the University of Nantes and the engineering schools became part of the Bretagne Loire University with its 27 institutions, 160,000 students, 6,600 professors and 6,500 staff in the two administrative regions of Brittany and Pays de Loire, with the objective of developing the scientific and academic potential of the area nationally and internationally.
Nantes Saint-Nazaire supports you
Entrepreneurs, investors, talents and professional event planners – the international economic development agency is at your service to help you get things done in Nantes Saint-Nazaire.
NOVEL BUSINESS IDEAS: THE INNOVATIVE CAPACITY OF NANTES COMPANIES
Attractiveness, Business, Manufacturing, Agri-foods, Shipbuilding
SALON INDUSTRIE & SOUS-TRAITANCE DU GRAND OUEST
From 28 to 30 January 2020
BIOGAZ Europe


For other uses, see Forester (disambiguation).
A forester is a person who practices forestry, the science, art, and profession of managing forests. Foresters engage in a broad range of activities including timber harvesting, ecological restoration and management of protected areas. Foresters manage forests to provide a variety of objectives including direct extraction of raw material, outdoor recreation, conservation, hunting and aesthetics. Emerging management practices include managing forestlands for biodiversity, carbon sequestration and air quality.
A forester was also a title used widely during Medieval times. The forester usually held a position equal to a sheriff or local law enforcer, and he could act as a barrister or arbiter. He was responsible for patrolling the woodlands on a lord or noble's property, hence the synonymous term 'woodward'. His duties included negotiating deals for the sale of lumber and timber and stopping poachers from illegally hunting. Many times wanted criminals would hide in a forest, when this occurred it was the duty of the Forester to organize armed gangs to capture the criminal. Their pay was usually above average and they could make a decent living.
Many people confuse the role of the forester with that of the logger, but most foresters are concerned not only with the harvest of timber, but also with the sustainable management of forests to (in the words of Gifford Pinchot) "provide the greatest good for the greatest number in the long term". Another notable forester, Jack C. Westoby, remarked that "forestry is concerned not with trees, but with how trees can serve people".
The median salary of foresters in the United States was $53,750, in 2008. Beginning foresters with bachelor's degrees make considerably less. Those with master's degrees are able to command salaries closer to the average. The Council for Higher Education Accreditation considers the Society of American Foresters as the principal accreditor for academic degree programs in professional forestry, both at a Bachelor's and Master's level.
Usually a bachelor's degree is considered the minimum education required, but some individuals are able to secure a job without a college education based on their experience. Some states have a licensing requirement for foresters, and most of those require at least a four year degree.
↑ "Medieval Occupations". Retrieved March 2015.
↑ Leslie, Alf. 1989. "Obituary: Jack C. Westoby, C.M.G., 1913-1988," New Zealand Forestry, August, p.28. Accessed: May 7, 2012.
40x40px Wikimedia Commons has media related to Foresters.


text:
SuprBay: The PirateBay Forum › Member Forums › Requests › eBook Requests
[REQUEST] Virus Hunter by C.J. Peters
Curious_Student
Please upload: "Virus Hunter by C.J. Peters".
Virus Hunter: Thirty Years of Battling Hot Viruses Around the World by C.J. Peters, Mark Olshaker
Published April 13th 1998 by Anchor
(first published 1997)
ISBN0385485581 (ISBN13: 9780385485586)
The man who led the battle against Ebola in The Hot Zone teams up with the bestselling co-author of Mind Hunter to chronicle his extraordinary thirty-year career fighting deadly viruses.
For three decades, Dr. C. J. Peters was on the front lines of our biological battle against "hot" viruses around the world. In the course of that career, he learned countless lessons about our interspecies turf wars with infectious agents. Called in to contain an outbreak of deadly hemorrhagic fever in Bolivia, he confronted the despair of trying to save a colleague who accidentally infected himself with an errant scalpel. Working in Level 4 labs on the Machupo and Ebola viruses, he saw time and again why expensive high-tech biohazard containment equipment is only as safe as the people who use it.
Because of new, emerging viruses, and the return of old, "vanquished" ones for which vaccines do not exist, there remains a very real danger of a new epidemic that could, without proper surveillance and early intervention, spread worldwide virtually overnight. And the possibility of foreign countries or terrorist groups using deadly airborne viruses—the poor man's nuclear arsenal—looms larger than ever.
High-octane science writing at its best and most revealing, Virus Hunter is a thrilling first-person account of what it is like to be a warrior in the Hot Zone.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/2497...M0E&rank=1
https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/038548...HWK55XCGG2
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The American Heiress and The Fortune Hunter by Daisy Goodwin uplander 0 3,770 May 27, 2019, 12:26 pm
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The self-billed "grandmother of performance art," Marina Abramovic, who in 2010 famously sat, silent and still, inside the Museum of Modern Art for some 736 hours, has sold her Soho co-op for $3.2 million, city records show. The Serbian artist, who is the subject of the just-released documentary "The Artist is Present," purchased the one-bedroom loft at 70 Grand Street, at Wooster Street, for $1.5 million in the late 1990s.
The unit, which architect Dennis Wedlick had designed following Abramovic's purchase of it, was listed late last year for $3.95, according to Streeteasy.com. Curbed noted at The Time That The Place could easily be converted to a two-bedroom.
The seven-story building features mix of sales and rentals, and Abramovic's unit features a home office and a walk-in closet.
Wesoky declined to comment on where Abramovic would now reside.
The buyer was Melissa Ormond, a president at Madison Square Garden Entertainment, the company that books entertainment at high-profile venues, such as Madison Square Garden and Radio City Music Hall.
Abramovic's loft is among the units inside a building originally purchased by Lithuanian artist George Maciunas, regarded as the inventor of loft co-ops. Maciunas began buying commercial buildings in Soho in the early 1960s. He would then roll dice to determine which units went to which artists; they were used as live–work space and many were inhabited by the artists who would ultimately transform the demographics of Soho. The building was called Fluxhouse III, and was eventually deeded to a group called simply Grand Street Artists Etc. in 1986 for a total of $10, according to city records.
Abramovic was not immediately available for comment.