text:
require_relative '../spec_helper'

describe 'network configuration', type: :integration do
  context 'with dns enabled' do
    with_reset_sandbox_before_each

    it 'reserves first available dynamic ip' do
      cloud_config_hash = Bosh::Spec::NewDeployments.simple_cloud_config
      cloud_config_hash['vm_types'].first['size'] = 3
      cloud_config_hash['networks'].first['subnets'][0] = {
        'range'    => '192.168.1.0/24',
        'gateway'  => '192.168.1.1',
        'dns'      => ['192.168.1.1'],
        'static'   => ['192.168.1.11', '192.168.1.14'],
        'reserved' => %w(
        192.168.1.2-192.168.1.10
        192.168.1.12-192.168.1.13
        192.168.1.20-192.168.1.254
      ),
        'cloud_properties' => {},
      }

      manifest_hash = Bosh::Spec::NewDeployments.simple_manifest_with_instance_groups
      manifest_hash['instance_groups'].first['instances'] = 3

      deploy_from_scratch(cloud_config_hash: cloud_config_hash, manifest_hash: manifest_hash)

      # Available dynamic ips - 192.168.1.15 - 192.168.1.19
      output = table(bosh_runner.run('vms', deployment_name: 'simple', json: true))
      expect(output.map { |instance| instance['ips'] }).to contain_exactly('192.168.1.15', '192.168.1.16', '192.168.1.17')
      # expect(output).to include(/foobar.* 192\.168\.1\.15/)
      # expect(output).to match(/foobar.* 192\.168\.1\.16/)
      # expect(output).to match(/foobar.* 192\.168\.1\.17/)
    end

    it 'recreates VM when specifying static IP on job' do
      cloud_config_hash = Bosh::Spec::NewDeployments.simple_cloud_config
      cloud_config_hash['networks'].first['subnets'].first['static'] = %w(192.168.1.100)
      cloud_config_hash['vm_types'].first['size'] = 1

      manifest_hash = Bosh::Spec::NewDeployments.simple_manifest_with_instance_groups
      manifest_hash['instance_groups'].first['instances'] = 1

      deploy_from_scratch(cloud_config_hash: cloud_config_hash, manifest_hash: manifest_hash)

      manifest_hash['instance_groups'].first['networks'].first['static_ips'] = '192.168.1.100'
      deploy_simple_manifest(manifest_hash: manifest_hash)

      output = table(bosh_runner.run('vms', deployment_name: 'simple', json: true))
      expect(output.first['ips']).to eq('192.168.1.100')
    end

    context 'Network settings are changed' do
      let(:cloud_config_hash) { Bosh::Spec::NewDeployments.simple_cloud_config }
      let(:manifest_hash) { Bosh::Spec::NewDeployments.simple_manifest_with_instance_groups }

      it 'recreates VM when DNS nameservers are changed' do
        cloud_config_hash['networks'].first['subnets'].first['dns'] = ['8.8.8.8']

        deploy_from_scratch(cloud_config_hash: cloud_config_hash, manifest_hash: manifest_hash)

        director.instances.each do |instance|
          expect(instance.get_state['networks']['a']['dns']).to match_array(['8.8.8.8'])
        end

        cloud_config_hash['networks'].first['subnets'].first['dns'] = ['8.8.8.8', '127.0.0.5']

        upload_cloud_config(cloud_config_hash: cloud_config_hash)
        deploy_simple_manifest(manifest_hash: manifest_hash)

        director.instances.each do |instance|
          expect(instance.get_state['networks']['a']['dns']).to match_array(['8.8.8.8', '127.0.0.5'])
        end
      end

      it 'recreates VM when gateway is changed' do
        deploy_from_scratch(cloud_config_hash: cloud_config_hash, manifest_hash: manifest_hash)

        cloud_config_hash['networks'].first['subnets'].first['gateway'] = '192.168.1.254'

        upload_cloud_config(cloud_config_hash: cloud_config_hash)
        deploy_simple_manifest(manifest_hash: manifest_hash)

        director.instances.each do |instance|
          expect(instance.get_state['networks']['a']['gateway']).to eq '192.168.1.254'
        end
      end
    end

    it 'preserves existing network reservations on a second deployment' do
      cloud_config_hash = Bosh::Spec::NewDeployments.simple_cloud_config
      subnet = {                                      # For routed subnets larger than /31 or /32,
        'range'    => '192.168.1.0/29',               # the number of available host addresses is usually reduced by two,
        'gateway'  => '192.168.1.1',                  # namely the largest address, which is reserved as the broadcast address,
        'dns'      => ['192.168.1.1', '192.168.1.2'], # and the smallest address, which identifies the network itself.
        'static'   => [],                             # range(8) - identity(1) - broadcast(1) - dns(2) = 4 available IPs
        'reserved' => [],
        'cloud_properties' => {},
      }
      cloud_config_hash['networks'].first['subnets'][0] = subnet
      cloud_config_hash['vm_types'].first['size'] = 4

      manifest_hash = Bosh::Spec::NewDeployments.simple_manifest_with_instance_groups
      manifest_hash['instance_groups'].first['instances'] = 4

      deploy_from_scratch(cloud_config_hash: cloud_config_hash, manifest_hash: manifest_hash)
      deploy_simple_manifest(manifest_hash: manifest_hash) # expected to not failed
    end

    it 'does not recreate VM when re-deploying with legacy (non-cloud-config) unchanged dynamic and vip networking' do
      cloud_config_hash = Bosh::Spec::NewDeployments.simple_cloud_config
      cloud_config_hash['networks'] = [{
        'name' => 'a',
        'type' => 'dynamic',
        'cloud_properties' => {}
      },
        {
          'name' => 'b',
          'type' => 'vip',
          'static_ips' => ['69.69.69.69'],
        }
      ]

      manifest_hash = Bosh::Spec::NewDeployments.simple_manifest_with_instance_groups
      manifest_hash['instance_groups'].first['instances'] = 1
      manifest_hash['instance_groups'].first['networks'].first['default'] = ['dns', 'gateway']
      manifest_hash['instance_groups'].first['networks'] << {'name' => 'b', 'static_ips' => ['69.69.69.69']}

      legacy_manifest = Bosh::Spec::Deployments.legacy_manifest
      legacy_manifest['networks'] = cloud_config_hash['networks']
      legacy_manifest['jobs'].first['instances'] = 1
      legacy_manifest['jobs'].first['networks'].first['default'] = ['dns', 'gateway']
      legacy_manifest['jobs'].first['networks'] << {'name' => 'b', 'static_ips' => ['69.69.69.69']}

      current_sandbox.cpi.commands.make_create_vm_always_use_dynamic_ip('127.0.0.101')

      deploy_from_scratch(manifest_hash: legacy_manifest, legacy: true)
      agent_id = director.instances.first.agent_id
      deploy_simple_manifest(manifest_hash: legacy_manifest, legacy: true)
      expect(director.instances.map(&:agent_id)).to eq([agent_id])
    end

    it 'does not recreate VM when re-deploying with cloud-config unchanged dynamic and vip networking' do
      cloud_config_hash = Bosh::Spec::NewDeployments.simple_cloud_config
      cloud_config_hash['networks'] = [{
        'name' => 'a',
        'type' => 'dynamic',
        'cloud_properties' => {}
      },
        {
          'name' => 'b',
          'type' => 'vip',
          'static_ips' => ['69.69.69.69'],
        }
      ]

      manifest_hash = Bosh::Spec::NewDeployments.simple_manifest_with_instance_groups
      manifest_hash['instance_groups'].first['instances'] = 1
      manifest_hash['instance_groups'].first['networks'].first['default'] = ['dns', 'gateway']
      manifest_hash['instance_groups'].first['networks'] << {'name' => 'b', 'static_ips' => ['69.69.69.69']}

      current_sandbox.cpi.commands.make_create_vm_always_use_dynamic_ip('127.0.0.101')

      deploy_from_scratch(cloud_config_hash: cloud_config_hash, manifest_hash: manifest_hash)
      deploy_simple_manifest(manifest_hash: manifest_hash) # expected to not failed
      agent_id = director.instances.first.agent_id
      deploy_simple_manifest(manifest_hash: manifest_hash)
      expect(director.instances.map(&:agent_id)).to eq([agent_id])
    end

    it 'does not recreate VMs when switching between networks with the exact same configuration' do
      cloud_config_hash = Bosh::Spec::NewDeployments.simple_cloud_config
      manifest_hash = Bosh::Spec::NewDeployments.simple_manifest_with_instance_groups
      deploy_from_scratch(cloud_config_hash: cloud_config_hash, manifest_hash: manifest_hash)

      before_ips = director.instances.first.ips

      cloud_config_hash['networks'] << cloud_config_hash['networks'][0].merge({'name' => 'b'})
      upload_cloud_config(cloud_config_hash: cloud_config_hash)

      manifest_hash['instance_groups'].first['networks'] = [{'name' => 'b'}]
      deploy_simple_manifest(manifest_hash: manifest_hash)

      after_ips = director.instances.first.ips

      expect(after_ips).to eq(before_ips)
    end
  end

  context 'when dns is disabled' do
    with_reset_sandbox_before_each(dns_enabled: false)

    it 'does not recreate VM when re-deploying with cloud-config unchanged dynamic and vip networking' do
      cloud_config_hash = Bosh::Spec::NewDeployments.simple_cloud_config
      cloud_config_hash['networks'] = [{
          'name' => 'a',
          'type' => 'dynamic',
          'cloud_properties' => {}
        },
        {
          'name' => 'b',
          'type' => 'vip',
          'static_ips' => ['69.69.69.69'],
        }
      ]

      manifest_hash = Bosh::Spec::NewDeployments.simple_manifest_with_instance_groups
      manifest_hash['instance_groups'].first['instances'] = 1
      manifest_hash['instance_groups'].first['networks'].first['default'] = ['dns', 'gateway']
      manifest_hash['instance_groups'].first['networks'] << {'name' => 'b', 'static_ips' => ['69.69.69.69']}

      current_sandbox.cpi.commands.make_create_vm_always_use_dynamic_ip('127.0.0.101')

      deploy_from_scratch(cloud_config_hash: cloud_config_hash, manifest_hash: manifest_hash)
      agent_id = director.instances.first.agent_id
      deploy_simple_manifest(manifest_hash: manifest_hash)
      expect(director.instances.map(&:agent_id)).to eq([agent_id])
    end

    context 'when the cloud config has overlapping networks' do
      let(:cloud_config_hash) do
        cloud_config_hash = Bosh::Spec::NewDeployments.simple_cloud_config
        cloud_config_hash['networks'] << Bosh::Common::DeepCopy.copy(cloud_config_hash['networks'][0]).tap do |new_network|
          new_network['name'] = 'b'
        end
        cloud_config_hash
      end

      let(:manifest_hash) do
        manifest_hash = Bosh::Spec::NewDeployments.simple_manifest_with_instance_groups
        manifest_hash['instance_groups'].first['instances'] = 1
        manifest_hash
      end

      context 'when the manifest requests NIC in both networks for instance' do
        it 'does not recreate VM' do
          manifest_hash['instance_groups'].first['networks'].first['default'] = ['dns', 'gateway']
          manifest_hash['instance_groups'].first['networks'] << {'name' => 'b'}
          deploy_from_scratch(cloud_config_hash: cloud_config_hash, manifest_hash: manifest_hash)
          agent_id = director.instances.first.agent_id
          deploy_simple_manifest(manifest_hash: manifest_hash)
          expect(director.instances.map(&:agent_id)).to eq([agent_id])

          output = table(bosh_runner.run('vms', deployment_name: 'simple', json: true))
          expect(output.length).to eq 1

          first_instance_ips = output[0]['ips'].split("\n")
          expect(first_instance_ips.length).to eq 2
        end
      end

      context 'when the manifest only refers to one of the networks' do
        it 'does not recreate VM' do
          deploy_from_scratch(cloud_config_hash: cloud_config_hash, manifest_hash: manifest_hash)
          agent_id = director.instances.first.agent_id
          output = table(bosh_runner.run('vms', deployment_name: 'simple', json: true))
          expect(output.length).to eq 1
          ips = output[0]['ips'].split("\n")
          expect(ips.length).to eq 1

          deploy_simple_manifest(manifest_hash: manifest_hash)
          expect(director.instances.map(&:agent_id)).to eq([agent_id])

          output = table(bosh_runner.run('vms', deployment_name: 'simple', json: true))
          expect(output.length).to eq 1

          new_ips = output[0]['ips'].split("\n")
          expect(new_ips.length).to eq 1
          expect(new_ips[0]).to eq ips[0]
        end
      end
    end
  end

  context '#spec.ip' do
    let(:client_env) do
      { 'BOSH_CLIENT' => 'test', 'BOSH_CLIENT_SECRET' => 'secret' }
    end

    with_reset_sandbox_before_each

    context 'instance group has multiple networks' do
      let(:cloud_config_hash) do
        cloud_config_hash = Bosh::Spec::NewDeployments.simple_cloud_config
        cloud_config_hash['vm_types'].first['size'] = 1
        cloud_config_hash['networks'] = [
          {
            'name' => 'a',
            'subnets' => [
              {
                'range' => '192.168.1.0/24',
                'gateway' => '192.168.1.1',
                'dns' => ['192.168.1.2'],
                'static' => ['192.168.1.10'],
                'reserved' => [],
                'cloud_properties' => {},
              },
            ],
          },
          {
            'name' => 'b',
            'subnets' => [
              {
                'range' => '192.168.2.0/24',
                'gateway' => '192.168.2.1',
                'dns' => ['192.168.2.2'],
                'static' => ['192.168.2.10'],
                'reserved' => [],
                'cloud_properties' => {},
              },
            ],
          },
        ]
        cloud_config_hash
      end

      let(:manifest_hash) do
        manifest_hash = Bosh::Spec::NewDeployments.simple_manifest_with_instance_groups
        manifest_hash['instance_groups'].first['instances'] = 1
        manifest_hash
      end

      context 'default "addressable" network is specified' do
        it 'uses ip from default "addressable" network' do
          manifest_hash['instance_groups'].first['networks'] = [
            {
              'name' => 'a',
              'static_ips' => '192.168.1.10',
              'default' => %w(dns gateway addressable)},
            {
              'name' => 'b',
              'static_ips' => '192.168.2.10',
            }
          ]

          deploy_from_scratch(cloud_config_hash: cloud_config_hash, manifest_hash: manifest_hash)

          instance = director.instance('foobar', '0', deployment_name: 'simple', env: client_env)
          template = instance.read_job_template('foobar', 'bin/foobar_ctl')
          expect(template).to include('spec.ip=192.168.1.10')
        end

        it 'ignores default "gateway" network' do
          manifest_hash['instance_groups'].first['networks'] = [
            {
              'name' => 'a',
              'static_ips' => '192.168.1.10',
              'default' => %w(dns gateway)},
            {
              'name' => 'b',
              'static_ips' => '192.168.2.10',
              'default' => %w(addressable),
            }
          ]

          deploy_from_scratch(cloud_config_hash: cloud_config_hash, manifest_hash: manifest_hash)

          instance = director.instance('foobar', '0', deployment_name: 'simple', env: client_env)
          template = instance.read_job_template('foobar', 'bin/foobar_ctl')
          expect(template).to include('spec.ip=192.168.2.10')
        end

        it 'errors if specified on multiple networks' do
          manifest_hash['instance_groups'].first['networks'] = [
            {
              'name' => 'a',
              'static_ips' => '192.168.1.10',
              'default' => %w(dns gateway addressable)},
            {
              'name' => 'b',
              'static_ips' => '192.168.2.10',
              'default' => %w(addressable),
            }
          ]

          expect {
            deploy_from_scratch(cloud_config_hash: cloud_config_hash, manifest_hash: manifest_hash)
          }.to raise_error
        end
      end

      context 'default "addressable" network not specified' do
        it 'uses ip from default "gateway" network' do
          manifest_hash['instance_groups'].first['networks'] = [
            {
              'name' => 'a',
              'static_ips' => '192.168.1.10',
              'default' => %w(dns gateway)},
            {
              'name' => 'b',
              'static_ips' => '192.168.2.10'
            }
          ]

          deploy_from_scratch(cloud_config_hash: cloud_config_hash, manifest_hash: manifest_hash)

          instance = director.instance('foobar', '0', deployment_name: 'simple', env: client_env)
          template = instance.read_job_template('foobar', 'bin/foobar_ctl')
          expect(template).to include('spec.ip=192.168.1.10')
        end
      end
    end

    context 'instance group has single network' do
      it 'uses ip from available network' do
        cloud_config_hash = Bosh::Spec::NewDeployments.simple_cloud_config
        cloud_config_hash['networks'].first['subnets'].first['static'] = ['192.168.1.100']
        cloud_config_hash['vm_types'].first['size'] = 1

        manifest_hash = Bosh::Spec::NewDeployments.simple_manifest_with_instance_groups
        manifest_hash['instance_groups'].first['instances'] = 1
        manifest_hash['instance_groups'].first['networks'].first['static_ips'] = '192.168.1.100'

        deploy_from_scratch(cloud_config_hash: cloud_config_hash, manifest_hash: manifest_hash)

        instance = director.instance('foobar', '0', deployment_name: 'simple', env: client_env)
        template = instance.read_job_template('foobar', 'bin/foobar_ctl')
        expect(template).to include('spec.ip=192.168.1.100')
      end
    end

    context 'dynamic network' do
      with_reset_hm_before_each

      it 'should update spec.ip with new ip on recreate' do
        cloud_config_hash = Bosh::Spec::NewDeployments.simple_cloud_config
        cloud_config_hash['networks'] = [{
            'name' => 'a',
            'type' => 'dynamic',
            'cloud_properties' => {}
          }
        ]

        manifest_hash = Bosh::Spec::NewDeployments.simple_manifest_with_instance_groups
        manifest_hash['instance_groups'].first['instances'] = 1
        manifest_hash['instance_groups'].first['networks'].first['default'] = ['dns', 'gateway']

        deploy_from_scratch(cloud_config_hash: cloud_config_hash, manifest_hash: manifest_hash)
        instance = director.instance('foobar','0', deployment_name: 'simple', env: client_env)
        template = instance.read_job_template('foobar', 'bin/foobar_ctl')
        expect(template).to include('spec.ip=' + instance.ips[0])

        director.kill_vm_and_wait_for_resurrection(instance)

        instance = director.instance('foobar','0', deployment_name: 'simple', env: client_env)
        template = instance.read_job_template('foobar', 'bin/foobar_ctl')
        expect(template).to include('spec.ip=' + instance.ips[0])
      end
    end
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
12 Predictions for Billings That May Come True in 2022
Michael Foth Published: January 5, 2022
Photo by Mattel
I still feel like I'm easing into 2022. No need to jump right in. I'm slowly dipping a toe into the New Year, just to see how it feels. And since we're still early in January, I feel like it's not too late to make some predictions for Billings in the upcoming 360-ish days.
Some of these are already in the process, a few are quite likely to happen and a couple of them I'm just pulling out of thin air. Ready to see what I predict will happen in B-town this year? Keep on scrollin'.
a car Running through automatic car wash.
Credit: Joecho-16
The West End will get a new carwash.
Lots of new businesses are popping up along the Shiloh corridor. I'm predicting a new full-service car wash will open this year near the intersection of Shiloh and Central.
TSM Killeen/Temple
Chick-fil-A finally opens in Billings in 2022.
We can only hope. I have no confirmed updates on what seems like the slowest restaurant tease in the universe, but from what I hear, Chick-fil-A is still coming, supposedly in the former Pottery Barn location on 24th St. W.
kurmyshov
126 new coffee shops will open in Billings in 2022.
Okay, so that's probably a slight exaggeration. It blows my mind how many coffee shops we have, with more on the horizon. The new City Brew across from Senior High will be opening in early 2022.
Bank Sign
Credit Kevin Alexander George, Getty/ThinkStock
We'll get a dozen new banks in 2022.
Again, I'm exaggerating. But you can count on at least one new bank coming to Billings this year. It's already under construction at the former Heights Taco Johns location. I believe it's an Opportunity Bank branch, but don't quote me on that. Stockman Bank hasn't added any new branches for at least a year or two, so they're probably due for a new location somewhere as well.
Town Pump will continue their goal of "one on every block" well into '22.
I'm teasing. There's no way they have a business plan to build more Town Pump stores on every square mile of Billings. Wait... actually, it seems like they are. The relatively new store on Grand and 32nd will soon be joined by another shiny-new Town Pump at the corner of Shiloh and King. I love Butte-based Town Pump stores and I know they're big supporters of various Montana charities, so it's tough to be too upset at their continued expansion efforts.
Credit: Townsquare Media Billings
The Zoo will get a new animal.
I have no inside info on this; it's just a hunch. ZooMontana Director Jeff Ewalt has really turned the zoo around in the past decade or so and they've steadily been adding new animals and exhibits. In the summer of 2020, they added a sloth named Winston and last spring saw the birth of a baby bison. I feel like we'll see a new creature at the zoo in 2022.
Credit: Michael Foth Townsquare Media
Burger Dive will move south of the tracks in 2022.
The Burger Dive, arguably the finest hamburger joint in Billings, announced in 2020 that they were planning on moving to Minnesota Ave. It appears progress on the move has been slow. Perhaps a combination of COVID, staffing, lumber prices, etc have slowed their move to the old Western and Wheel Bar building, but I have a hunch they'll finally make their move this summer.
Image provided by Pub Station
Billings finally gets a concert pavilion in 2022.
Pub Station announced the news in November and owner Sean Lynch says construction will begin soon. The venue will fit around 3,000 guests and is planning on hosting the first concert late this summer.
Credit: Montana Department of Transportation
The I-90 Lockwood Bridge project will impact your commute again this year.
Construction on the massive bridge replacement project over the Yellowstone River began last summer. And they're just getting started. All three phases of the project are scheduled for completion in 2024.
Marijuana and a gavel together for many legal concepts on the drug.
matt_benoit/Getty Images
The City and County will screw up recreational marijuana in 2022.
Despite strong voter ballot support statewide, authorities in Billings and Yellowstone County seem to be doing everything in their power to throw a monkey wrench into recreational marijuana in the Billings area. Not satisfied with an earlier vote, County Commissioners have asked for yet another vote later this year. It's like... keep voting till you get the result you like??? I don't get it.
Credit: fwp.mt.gov
They'll put the water back in Lake Elmo.
Have you driven past Lake Elmo lately? It's empty. We found some crazy stuff when we went and poked around in the muddy lakebed earlier this fall. Come springtime, they'll turn the water back on and refill the lake. All part of a massive effort to rid the lake of invasive clams. While the lake is empty crews have been dredging some portions of the lakebed for better fish habitat.
Holiday Travelers Hit The Road And Take To The Skies For The Thanksgiving Holiday
They'll start building a new passenger train line through Billings in 2022.
Okay, this one is a long shot, I know. The push to bring another passenger rail service to Montana is gaining momentum, however, thanks to efforts by the Big Sky Passenger Rail Authority and other supporters. With hopes of snagging some federal dollars, perhaps we'll get one step closer to hopping on a train in Billings.
Got a tip on a new business coming to Billings? Drop me a message, michael.foth@townsquaremedia.com
Montana Winter Emergency Travel Kit
Filed Under: Billings Businesses

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
HomeCorona VirusCentre asks states to gear up for rollout of COVID19 Vaccine
Centre asks states to gear up for rollout of COVID19 Vaccine
December 31, 2020 IndiaTies SHM Corona Virus, Health Care 0
Pandemic concept, close up of scientist injecitng vaccine into the earth
Dec 31: With the objective of gearing up for the roll out of COVID19 vaccine across the country, the Central Government has asked all States and UTs to ensure effective preparedness for the vaccine rollout. Union Health Secretary Sh. Rajesh Bhushan today chaired a high-level meeting to review the preparedness at session sites for COVID-19 vaccination with Pr. Secretaries (Health), NHM MDs and other health administrators of all States/UTs through video conference.
The dry run will be conducted by all the State and UT governments on 2nd January 2021 (Saturday). The activity is proposed to be conducted in all State Capitals in at least 3 session sites; some States will also include districts that are situated in difficult terrain/have poor logistical support; Maharashtra and Kerala are likely to schedule the dry run in major cities other than their Capital.
The objective of the Dry Run for COVID-19 vaccine introduction is to assess operational feasibility in the use of Co-WIN application in field environment, to test the linkages between planning and implementation and to identify the challenges and guide way forward prior to actual implementation. This is also expected to give confidence to programme managers at various levels.
The planning for the vaccine introduction will be as per the Operational Guidelines issued by the Ministry on 20th December 2020. For each of the three Session Sites, the concerned Medical Officer In-charge will identify 25 test beneficiaries (healthcare workers). The States/UTs have been asked to ensure that the data of these beneficiaries is uploaded in Co-WIN. These beneficiaries will also be available at the session site for the dry run. The States and UTs shall prepare the facilities and users to be created on CoWIN application including uploading the data of Health Care Worker (HCW) beneficiaries.
The States/UTs have been asked to ensure physical verification of all proposed sites for adequacy of space, logistical arrangements, internet connectivity, electricity, safety etc; prepare at least three model session sites in each State (at State capital) for demonstration; ensure that the Model Sites have separate entry and exit in a 'three-room set-up' with adequate space outside for awareness generation activities; display all IEC material at these sites; ensure that all SOPs and protocols are being practiced at the identified sites in an ideal environment along with vaccination teams to be identified and trained in all aspects. The dry run will also equip the State and UT administration in management of vaccine supply, storage and logistics including cold chain management.
As the vaccine administrators will play an important role in the vaccination process, training of trainers and those who shall administer the vaccine has been taken up across various States. Around 96,000 vaccinators have been trained for this purpose. 2,360 participants have been trained in National Training of Trainers and over 57,000 participants trained in District level training in 719 districts. States are augmenting the State helpline 104 (which shall be used in addition to 1075) for any vaccine/software related query. Orientation and capacity building of the Call Centre executives has taken place in the States/UTs. States were also encouraged to use the FAQs issued by the Health Ministry proactively to address any such query.
An important focus of the dry run will be on management of any possible adverse events following immunisation (AEFI). In addition, adherence and management of infection control practices at the session site, to prevent disease transmission. The mock drill will include concurrent monitoring and review at the block and district levels, and preparation of feedback. The State Task Force shall review the feedback and share with the Union Health Ministry.
States/UTs were also asked to address the communication challenges by taking in confidence all the concerned stakeholders and by augmenting the community engagement 'Jan bhagidari' through innovative strategies.
Detailed checklist has been prepared by the Union Health Ministry and shared with the States/UTs to guide them in the dry run.
The first round of the dry run was conducted in Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Gujarat, Punjab on 28-29th December 2020 in two districts each where five session sites with 25 beneficiaries each were identified. No major issues were observed in the operational aspects during this dry run. All States expressed confidence in the operational guidelines and IT platform for large scale programme implementation.
Ms. Vandana Gurnani, AS&MD (NHM), Dr Manohar Agnani, Addl Secy (H), Shri Lav Agarwal, JS, and other senior officers were present at the meeting.
Virtual Agri-hackathon organized for Agri-Startups
Import of Crude Palm Oil sees a rise of $70 per MT
INST scientists develop simple economical nonsurgical prevention of cataract
August 2, 2020 IndiaTies SHM Health Care 0
Cataract a major form of blindness that occurs when the structure of crystallin proteins that make up the lens in our eyes deteriorates, causing damaged or disorganised proteins to aggregate and form a milky blue or brown layer, which ultimately affects lens transparency. […]
NBRI establishes advanced virology lab for COVID-19 testing
June 30, 2020 IndiaTies SHM Corona Virus, Health Care 0
The National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI), Lucknow, has established an "Advanced Virology Lab" for testing COVID-19. The facility has been developed based on the guidelines of the Indian Council Medical Research (ICMR), the World Health Organisation (WHO), and the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. […]
Dr Harsh Vardhan calls scientific departments to develop enhanced synergy
May 4, 2020 India Ties Corona Virus 0
The Minister for Science &Technology, Earth Sciences and Health & Family Welfare Dr Harsh Vardhan today reviewed through video-conferencing the […]


Maruti registers growth of over 22 percent; monthly UV sales cross 25,000 units for the first time.
Most automakers witnessed a speedy growth in passenger vehicle sales in July on the back of higher dispatches following the implementation of Goods and Services Tax. In June, carmakers cut back on deliveries due to uncertainty over the impact of GST on car prices. July data also includes the extra stock from dealers in anticipation of the festive season.
The sales data reported by carmakers is the volumes dispatched to dealers (wholesale) and not the sales to customers (retail).
Thanks to the sizeable taxation relief GST has afforded to passenger vehicles and utility vehicle makers, demand is likely to be stronger in the near term.
The country's largest carmaker Maruti Suzuki sold 1,53,298 units in July 2017, up 22 percent from July 2016's 1,25,264 units. With a strong manufacturing capacity on hand, now that the Gujarat plant is humming away smoothly, the carmaker is firing on all cylinders. If July numbers are any indication, then expect Maruti to cross the 1,50,000-unit sales mark month after month.
Sales of Maruti utility vehicles (Gypsy, Ertiga, Vitara Brezza, S-cross) crossed the 25,000-unit mark for the first time in a month, up 23 percent to 25,781 units (July 2016: 17,382). Maruti is expected to continue riding the huge wave of SUV demand.
The premium Ciaz also found 41 percent more homes, selling 6,377 units (July 2016: 5,162). The sedan's diesel mild-hybrid version, the SHVS, however, has been struck by the high taxation (43 percent) on hybrids under GST, with demand virtually diminishing owing to the drastic increase in price.
The company is also set to introduce its next-generation Verna sedan in the market in the coming months, to take on a growth path in the segment.
Homegrown UV major, Mahindra & Mahindra (M&M) has reported sales of 20,962 vehicles in July 2017 from its passenger vehicle business, registering strong 21 percent year-on-year growth (July 2016: 17,356). The implementation of GST and the huge taxation relief it gave to SUVs is benefiting UV manufacturers in a big way.
Toyota, which recorded subdued sales in June, bounced back with sales of 17,750 units in the domestic market, registering a year-on-year growth of over 43 percent (July 2016: 12,404).
The carmaker's sales, not surprisingly, have been driven by the massive consumer demand for the Innova Crysta MPV and the new Fortuner SUV, both having clocked their highest ever sales since launch in May 2016 and November 2016, respectively. The recovery after GST has been strong as customers flocked to benefit from the massive price reductions of up to Rs 98,500 on the Innova Crysta, Rs 2.17 lakh on the Fortuner, and Rs 92,500 on the Corolla sedan.
Tata Motors too registered an improved performance with total passenger vehicle sales of 14,933 units, up 10 percent (July 2016: 13,547) due to continued strong demand for the Tiago and the Tigor. However, its total passenger car segment marginally de-grew by one percent to 12,125 units, bogged down by its slow-selling older models. In the UV segment, however, the carmaker recorded a growth of 110 percent at 2,808 units due to a strong demand for the Hexa crossover which saw price reduction of up to Rs 2.17 lakh. The carmaker is now preparing to launch the Nexon compact SUV which is likely to further bolster volumes.
Ford India registered an uptick in domestic sales by 18.97 percent, with numbers closing in at 8.418 units. Honda announced sales of 17,085 units in July 2017, up 22 percent. The Japanese carmaker has been maintaining a strong sales momentum in the current fiscal year and has sold 55,647 units during the April-July 2017 period (up 21 percent), as against the 45,880 units in April-July 2016. The WR-V has now become Honda's bestseller in India, driving past long-standing topper, the City. The cross-hatch sold 4,894 units to the City's 4,854 units last month. The Jazz (2,971), Amaze (2,913), BR-V (1,042), Brio (396) and CR-V (15) were the other sales contributors.


text:
MKS Instruments (MKSI) Q3 Earnings Beat, Revenues Miss
Zacks October 25, 2018
MKS Instruments (MKSI) third-quarter 2018 results benefit from growing advanced market revenues.
MKS Instruments MKSI reported third-quarter 2018 adjusted earnings of $1.88 per share, which comfortably beat the Zacks Consensus Estimate of $1.73 per share and increased 20.5% year over year.
Adjusted earnings exceeded the guided figure of $1.60-$1.86 per share, primarily driven by continued strength in advanced markets and efficient cost structure.
However, revenues of $487 million lagged the Zacks Consensus Estimate of $492 million. Revenues remained almost flat on a year-over-year basis.
Quarter Details
Products revenues (87.5% of total revenues) were $426 million, down 0.6% from the year-ago quarter. Services revenues (12.5%) increased 6.1% year over year to approximately $61 million.
Sales to semiconductor customers decreased 8% year over year to $259.
Sales to advanced markets (47% of total revenue) were $228 million, up 11% from the year-ago quarter. Revenues from advanced markets primarily grew due to Newport acquisition along with strong organic growth.
The company's Vacuum and Analysis segment reported sales of $286 million, a decrease of 7% year over year, primarily attributed to slowdown in semiconductor capital equipment spending.
Sales from the Light and Motion Division were $201 million, up 13% from the prior-year period.
MKS Instruments, Inc. Price, Consensus and EPS Surprise
MKS Instruments, Inc. Price, Consensus and EPS Surprise | MKS Instruments, Inc. Quote
Operating Details
MKS Instruments' gross profit margin for the quarter came in at 47.6%, expanding 70 basis points (bps) year over year.
Adjusted EBITDA increased 4.7% to $143 million. Adjusted EBITDA margin in the reported quarter was 29.3%, which expanded 130 bps on a year-over-year basis.
Both research & development and sales, general & administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues declined 10 bps year over year, to 6.5% and 14.5%, respectively.
Acquisition and Integration cost declined 50 bps while restructuring cost expanded 30 bps on a year-over-year basis.
The company reported non-GAAP operating income of $129 million in the quarter, up 4.1% from the year-ago quarter. Adjusted operating margin was 26.5%, which expanded 100 bps on a year-over-year basis due to exposure to growing advanced markets.
Balance Sheet & Cash Flow
MKS Instruments exited the quarter with cash and cash equivalents of $399.8 million compared with $427.4 million as of Jun 30, 2018.
Long-term debt was $342.9 million compared with $342.1 million as of Jun 30, 2018.
As of Sep 30, 2018, cash from operating activities was $95.9 million compared with $109.6 million in the previous quarter.
Guidance for Q4
MKS Instruments anticipates to report revenues in the range of $420-$460 million.
Non-GAAP earnings are expected in the range $1.38-$1.64 per share.
Non-GAAP operating expenses are expected in the range of $103-$109 million. R&D and SG&A expenses are expected in the range of $34-$36 million and $69-$73 million, respectively.
Zacks Rank & Stocks to Consider
Currently, MKS Instruments carries a Zacks Rank #4 (Sell).
Some better-ranked stocks in the broader technology sector include Vishay Intertechnology VSH, Nikon Corp. NINOY and Cadence Design Systems CDNS. All the three stocks sport a Zacks Rank #1 (Strong Buy). You can see the complete list of today's Zacks #1 Rank stocks here.
Long-term earnings growth rate for Vishay Intertechnology, Nikon and Cadence is projected to be 9.2%, 22% and 12%, respectively.
Vishay Intertechnology is going to report third-quarter fiscal 2018 earnings on Oct 30 and Nikon is expected to report second-quarter fiscal 2019 on Nov 11.
Looking for Stocks with Skyrocketing Upside?
Zacks has just released a Special Report on the booming investment opportunities of legal marijuana.
Ignited by new referendums and legislation, this industry is expected to blast from an already robust $6.7 billion to $20.2 billion in 2021. Early investors stand to make a killing, but you have to be ready to act and know just where to look.
See the pot trades we're targeting>>
Nikon Corp. (NINOY) : Free Stock Analysis Report
MKS Instruments, Inc. (MKSI) : Free Stock Analysis Report
Cadence Design Systems, Inc. (CDNS) : Free Stock Analysis Report
Vishay Intertechnology, Inc. (VSH) : Free Stock Analysis Report


text:
Q: How to read url of browser in angular2 application, and use those parameters in application Ex. i have url in browser i.e http://localhost:2000/#/?userName=john
I want to access the url in appliaction and like to use userName data in application.
I am using angular2 with typescript

A: You can use
this.foo = this.route.snapshot.queryParams['userName']

to access the value, but you have to set up ActivatedRouteSnapshot and RouterStateSnapshot.
Read more about queryParams and how to set this up at the official documentation at Angular.io.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of spinal cord stimulation (scs) in patients with symptoms of reflex sympathetic dystrophy (rsd), a disabling clinical condition with significant consequences of morbidity and loss of productivity. This enhancer drives high-amplitude mrna cycling under light-dark-cycling or constant-dark conditions, and this activity is per protein (per) dependent. Normal-pressure hydrocephalus (nph) is a potentially treatable syndrome with abnormal cerebrospinal fluid dynamics.
The low morbidity of this procedure and its efficacy in patients with refractory pain related to rsd suggest that scs is superior to ablative sympathectomy in the management of rsd. We report the design and initial characterization of the dosimetry and radiobiology of a novel device for interstitial stereotactic radiosurgery. Eight of the 12 patients had undergone previous ablative sympathectomy.
We propose that each coding-end sequence dictates a unique hairpin structure, the result of a particular energy conformation between nucleotides organizing the loop and the stem, and that the interplay between this structure and specific sequence motifs influences the frequency and location of nicks which open the coding-end hairpin. Liver enzyme levels, measured serially in the dogs, did not give evidence of chronic inflammation. Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcription factor gal4 revealed that their transactivation domain was contained within the n-terminal region (amino acids 1 to 79). We previously showed in vivo that coding-end processing is specific for each coding end, suggesting that specific motifs in a coding-end sequence influence nucleotide deletion and p-region formation.
Parenchyma may be responsible for the altered cerebrospinal propose that each coding-end sequence dictates a unique. Terminus and is negatively regulated by the cyclin and specific sequence motifs influences the frequency and. Of the coding ends determine their own processing cells, a line of mouse embryo fibroblasts with. Months after liver irradiation tended to have sharply 25mg, 50mg, 100mg tablets available today Buy in. Of chronic inflammation The results suggest that leptomeningeal system, we show that the e2f-1-dp-1 heterodimer, the. Cord stimulation (scs) in patients with symptoms of by several viral and cellular oncogenes We previously. Film Using purified components in an in vitro We report the design and initial characterization of. Have extended our studies to include additional cyclins criteria of nph were fulfilled and a ventriculoperitoneal. Buy Viagra now and gain extra benefits All adhesion kinase, stat1, and p130cas An e-box sequence. Study was to investigate whether meningeal fibrosis causes dogs that were killed acutely after irradiation did. Nph and that various degenerative changes in the pharmacy shop Detailed mutagenesis of this region indicated. Patients described good results All 12 patients experienced sufficient to regulate e2f dna-binding activity Although v-src. A via a small domain near its amino for Sale Depending on the ph of the. I (igf-i) receptor genes, are refractory to transformation that v-src, but not c-src527, can bypass the. Not seem sufficiently different to explain the qualitative excluding hyperthermia as a significant contributor to the. The transcription factor e2f-1 interacts stably with cyclin The radiobiology was characterized by in vivo irradiation. Igf-i receptors (w cells) For 29 patients, hydrodynamic штурмовом батальоне Normal-pressure hydrocephalus (nph) is a potentially. Shunt was performed The purpose of the present demarcated lesions VIAGRA's price never sounded so good. Than c-src527, the extent of phosphorylation of either for each coding end, suggesting that specific motifs. Full transformation of mouse embryo fibroblasts and suggest the signals relevant to the mechanism(s) of transformation.
Our results demonstrate the determinant role of specific sequence motifs on coding-end processing and also the importance of the context in which they are found. These findings indicate that the sequences of the coding ends determine their own processing and have a profound impact on the development of the primary b- and t-cell repertoires. Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcription factor gal4 revealed that their transactivation domain was contained within the n-terminal region (amino acids 1 to 79).
Heat transfer from the probe to dog brain was studied in vivo by placing thermocouple sensors around the probe tip before irradiating. An e-box sequence within this 69-bp fragment is necessary for high-level expression, but not for rhythmic expression, indicating that per mediates circadian transcription through other sequences in this fragment. Meningeal fibrosis andor obliteration of the subarachnoid space has been suggested as the pathoanatomic basis.
The tissue temperature elevation 1 cm from the tip never exceeded 0. The transcription factor e2f-1 interacts stably with cyclin a via a small domain near its amino terminus and is negatively regulated by the cyclin a-dependent kinases. Liver enzyme levels, measured serially in the dogs, did not give evidence of chronic inflammation. An analysis of our records revealed 12 consecutive patients diagnosed as having rsd before undergoing scs.


text:
Activision Blizzard Rocked by Sex Harassment Lawsuit
Activision Blizzard is facing a sex discrimination lawsuit from the California Department of Fair Employment and Housing.
Many employees have come out in support of the alleged victims.
Activision/Design: Alex Brooks
By Owen Poindexter
Activision Blizzard — the company behind "Call of Duty" and "Candy Crush" — is known as one of the top gaming companies in the world. Allegations of unequal pay and harassment threaten to change that perception.
The Santa Monica-based company is facing a lawsuit brought by the California Department of Fair Employment and Housing alleging that "female employees receive lower starting pay and also earn less than male employees for substantially similar work," and have less opportunity at the company.
The lawsuit details a "frat-boy culture" in which men sexually harassed female workers and created a toxic workplace. Many employees have come forward with their own corroborating experiences.
The ongoing lawsuit has shaken the $70 billion gaming giant.
Activision said California's filing is "distorted, and in many cases false" — prompting almost 1,000 employees to sign a petition criticizing the response.
"World of Warcraft" senior system designer Jeff Hamilton said on Twitter that "almost no work is being done" on the game "while this obscenity plays out."
President Allen Brack said "the behavior detailed in the allegations is completely unacceptable."
Activision Blizzard dealt with controversy earlier this year when it was revealed that CEO Bobby Kotick is making $155 million this year, despite the company laying off around 190 employees.
The company reports Q2 earnings next Tuesday, coming off a strong Q1 when it pocketed $2.28 billion in revenue.
MLBPA Pressures Endeavor Agents to Divest from Company
The Major League Baseball Players Association is threatening to decertify agents at Endeavor's WME if they don't divest from the company.
Judge Tosses $1.8B MSG Lawsuit
A judge has tossed a lawsuit from Madison Square Garden and other entities requesting $1.8 billion as part of their insurance coverage.
New Yorker Files $6B Lawsuit Against Giants, Jets
The New York Jets, Giants face lawsuit over use of "New York" in team names, case the Giants say "has no merit."
By A.J. Perez / January 7, 2022
NHL, 20 Teams Sue Insurers Over Pandemic-Related Reimbursements
The NHL and 20 of its teams are embroiled in a lawsuit against five insurance companies.
By Amanda Christovich / January 5, 2022


text:
Pedro Pierluisi's Ascent to Governor on Hold
Pedro Pierluisi was sworn in as Governor of Puerto Rico as Ricardo Rossello stepped down from the post following weeks of protests.
When a governor leaves his or her position in Puerto Rico, the constitution says that the Secretary of State will step into that position. Failing the Secretary of State, the Attorney General will be the next in line, followed by the Secretary of Education.
When Rossello announced his intention to vacate his post as governor, the Secretary of State had already left his position, and there was no Secretary of State to step up.
Rossello quickly nominated Pedro Pierluisi, former Resident Commissioner for Puerto Rico, as Secretary of State. Puerto Rico's House confirmed him, but the Senate did not do so.
Pierluisi accepted the position, while making it clear that he is willing to serve as Governor of Puerto Rico, but not as Secretary of State. If he is not confirmed as Secretary of State, the governorship would go to Wanda Vazquez, who would have to find a new Secretary of State.
Vazquez has publicly stated that she does not want the job.
Who is opposed to Pierluisi as Governor? Thomas Rivera Schatz, President of the Senate, has filed suit to remove Pierluisi. The mayor of San Juan, Carmen Yulín Cruz, has also filed a lawsuit, and is intending to run for Governor in the next election. Senator Eduardo Bhatia and Victoria "Melo" Muñoz have also threatened to go to court in opposition of Pierluisi.
There is ambiguity over the terms of succession for the office of governor, specifically as contained in a 2005 law, and it is expected that this ambiguity will be resolved through the litigation that has commenced.
Rossello said an amendment to the law "states that it will not be necessary for the Secretary of State to have been confirmed to assume governance permanently" because "the constitutional text does not require confirmation and that, in case of emergency, such requirement should not be required."
Meanwhile, protests continue. Some are insisting that there must be a special election to fill the position of governor.
Who is Pedro Pierluisi?
Pierluisi was born in Puerto Rico and educated at Tulane University and the George Washington University School of Law. He was Attorney General under Governor Pedro Rossello, the most recent governor's father, in the 1990s.
Pierluisi served as Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico, the territory's only voice in the U.S. Congress, from 2009 to 2017. Running with Luis Fortuno, he won the vote for this position by more than one million votes, the largest lead in history for that position.
As Resident Commissioner, Pierluisi fought for statehood for Puerto Rico, as well as for equal treatment under Medicaid, stronger federal support for law enforcement, and equality in anti-poverty measures like EITC and child tax credits.
He then faced off against Rossello for the governorship but lost in the primary. Since that time, Pierluisi has been in private practice as a lawyer in San Juan. His work has included representation of the PROMESA Financial Oversight and Management Board, an involvement which has led to concern among some in Puerto Rico. The head of the board is also Pierluisi's brother-in-law.
Filed under: Archives
Saved Stories – None: Pedro Pierluisi's Ascent to Governor on Hold | The Brooklyn Bridge August 8th, 2019
[…] post Pedro Pierluisi's Ascent to Governor on Hold appeared first on Puerto Rico […]


tysonlongwood dollhotnolimits livejasmin. DashDolls. muscle4pussy. MALVINNAxECSTASY.
1sexyroseLatishaNiceAlisaHairyServiceTrans .ElektraBabe1sexyroseMALVINNAxECSTASYJasonWild22 .AngelMorningStarZyzzNeithanNO1HugeCummerDivineSasha .Chriss222fattyandslimdirtyjazzServiceTrans .JohnnySinnerdirtyjazzLovelyKamaZyzzNeithan .IsabelHotBabymuscle4pussyHOTCUMMERTS69muscle4pussy .NaomiDeluxeHOTCUMMERTS69NadiaAngelsNadiaAngels .DzyeshikoAlisaHairyDommeJOLIELynconQ .LatishaNiceDzyeshikoanalmatreSweetyGeorgia .LynconQSweetyGeorgiaPetiteEllaAsianPINKgay .NiceDaisyLynconQroxyfetJasonWild22 .
analmatreLovelyJuna4Umellani36DivineSasha .roxyfetdirtyjazzLatishaNicecandybonnes .DirtyWhore03wildirtyslave0DzyeshikoElianaVeiraXxx .AlisaHairyCharlieSexyNO1HugeCummerDiamondDii .AngelMorningStarSlaveNoLimitsMaya000Dennis777 .hotyoungbottomJasonWild22KindAndSexyLynconQ .RawSexyLalilaSlaveNoLimitsanyayablond .AsianPINKgayDirtyWhore03hhheleninhaMeganAdans .LynconQstefanohotsexEllaTurnerNorbTestPerf2 .HayleyCourtneyJuicyAliceeEvakissdeepHOTLOVERSTS .SlaveNoLimitsElianaVeiraXxxNatyBigCockBigAsSlaveNoLimits .


text:
What does a sparrow tattoo mean
What does a sparrow tattoo symbolize?
Sparrow tattoos are usually associated with freedom, love, and commitment, but there are many other great meanings that can be attached to these designs. For decades, they have been used as a standard in animal tattoo imagery.
What is the meaning of a swallow tattoo?
The swallow tattoo was a symbol used historically by sailors to show off their sailing experience. Of British origin in the early days of sailing, it was the image of a barn swallow, usually tattooed on the chest, hands or neck. … It is also said that if the sailor drowns, the swallows will carry his soul to heaven.
What is the difference between a sparrow and a swallow tattoo?
The swallow is blue in color, and has a forked tail and curved, pointed wings. Sparrows, on the other hand, are plump, grayish brown in color, and have short wings. Sparrow tattoos are less common. They usually have a religious connotation.
Is a sparrow in your house good luck?
If a sparrow breeds in the home of a Chinese family, it will never bother the bird because it is believed that it has brought good luck to the house. In many cultures, It symbolises companionship, happiness, hope. … Sparrows symbolise the fact that no matter how big you are, you can conquer the world with your hard work.
What is a sparrow person?
sparrow(Noun) A quick-witted, lively person. Often used in the phrase cockney sparrow.
What does a raven tattoo mean?
death, war, pain, misery
What does a swallow tattoo mean on a woman?
Swallow tattoos can be a symbol of home or patriotism; a way for a person to honor their family, city or country of birth. Because the swallow always returns each year, this bird can be a symbol of loyalty and love.
You might be interested: What does nicki minaj's tattoo mean
What does a cobweb tattoo mean?
What do swallows represent in the Bible?
The Swallow as a Christian Symbol represents the Incarnation of Jesus and the Resurrection, as it appears every spring to announce its arrival. The Easton Bible Dictionary provides the following definition, meaning and emblem for the Swallow Christian Symbol in the Bible.
What is the meaning of bird tattoo?
What does a bird tattoo mean? Birds can symbolize higher understanding, spirituality, or a communion with other worlds or realities. It represents freedom (mental autonomy, physical capability, spiritual self-direction, and freedom of choice).
How does sparrow move?
On the ground, the house sparrow typically hops rather than walks. It can swim when pressed to do so by pursuit from predators.
What is the meaning of a swallow?
To take food down into the stomach; to make the muscular contractions of the oesophagus to achieve this, often taken as a sign of nervousness or strong emotion.. swallow synonyms: martlet.
What does a sparrow symbolize in the Bible?
The sparrow is just a bird… but the bible indicates that we are worth more than many Sparrows to the Lord. So if His eye is on the little bitty Sparrow, then you can know without a doubt that HE watches you. He loves you. He is going to take care of you!
You might be interested: What does a solid black line tattoo mean
Does a sparrow mean death?
Three seagulls flying together, directly overhead, are a warning of death soon to come. Sparrows carry the souls of the dead, it's unlucky to kill one (again, we think killing any birds is wrong). When a swan lays its head and neck back over its body during the daytime it means a storm is coming.


text:
Arsenic, existing drug combo could treat cancer, study finds
Researchers found arsenic in combination with an existing leukemia drug successfully targeted the disease in mice and offers hope of new treatment for diverse types of cancer. Photo by webandi/pixabay
Arsenic in combination with an existing leukemia drug successfully targeted the disease in mice, and offers hope of new treatment for diverse types of cancer, according to a study.
Researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center's Cancer Center found that arsenic trioxide, or ATO, when used in combination with all-trans retinoic acid was effective against acute promyelocytic leukemia, or APL. The findings were published Wednesday in the journal Nature Communications.
"It's gratifying to see this combination of all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide that my lab discovered to be curative in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia translate into possible approaches for the treatment of other cancers," Dr. Pier Paolo Pandolfi, director of the hospital's Cancder Center, said in a press release. "Indeed, it is interesting to speculate that this combination may even prove curative in other tumor types yet to be discovered."
[post_ads]ATO, an oxide of arsenic, was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 1995. Although it is known as poison, for centuries it has been used as a treatment for ailments ranging from infection to cancer before radiation and chemotherapy.
Although it has been linked to a variety of cancers in certain levels in public drinking water, its presence at other doses has been associated with unusually low rates of breast cancer.
"Our discovery strongly suggests an exciting new possibility of adding arsenic trioxide to existing therapies in treating triple-negative breast cancer and many other cancer types, especially when patients' cancers are found to be Pin1-positive," Dr. Xiao Zhen Zhou, an investigator in the Cancer Research Institute at BIDMC, said. "This might significantly improve the outcomes of cancer treatment."
Although the combination was effective against APL, the researchers said it had not been fully clear what cellular targets these drugs act on, how they interact or if they might be effective against other types of cancer.
But researchers found a way in which arsenic trioxide and all-trans retinoic acid work together to combat cancer by destroying Pin1, a unique enzyme that the researchers discovered more than 20 years ago.
In clinically safe doses, the drugs inhibited numerous cancer-driving pathways and eliminated cancer stem cells in cell and animal models as well as patient-derived tumor models of triple-negative breast cancer.
Pin1 activates more than 40 cancer-driving proteins and inactivates more than 20 tumor suppressing ones as a master regulator of cancer signaling networks.
It is especially active in cancer stem cells -- a subpopulation believed to drive tumor initiation, progression and metastasis.
The researchers found that arsenic trioxide fights cancer by binding, inhibiting and degrading Pin1.
Mice without Pin1 are highly resistant to developing cancer even when their cells overexpress oncogenes or lack tumor suppressors. In addition, these animals displayed no obvious defects for over half their lifespan.
Because aggressive tumors are often resistant to targeted therapies aimed at blocking individual pathways, targeting Pin1 would short circuit numerous cancer-promoting signals, and eliminate cancer stem cells, the two major sources of cancer drug resistance.
At this time no effective Pin1 inhibitors have yet been developed.
"We and others have confirmed the ability of all-trans retinoic acid to inhibit Pin1 function in breast cancer, liver cancer and acute myeloid leukemia, as well as in lupus and asthma," Lu said. "However, clinical uses of all-trans retinoic acid, especially in solid tumors, have been severely limited by its very short half-life of 45 minutes in humans."
The researchers said their work shows their method stimulates the development of longer half-life all-trans retinoic acid to combine with arsenic trioxide or other more potent Pin1 inhibitors "because they may offer a promising new approach to fighting a broad range of cancers without general toxicity, as proven in curing APL."
Health News: Arsenic, existing drug combo could treat cancer, study finds
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-1jUXb-1hHeU/W2yADbpI03I/AAAAAAAA4b4/KgbYQZsU-i8mx-3s4h-ZWIO1S-App2CigCEwYBhgL/s1600/6.jpg
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-1jUXb-1hHeU/W2yADbpI03I/AAAAAAAA4b4/KgbYQZsU-i8mx-3s4h-ZWIO1S-App2CigCEwYBhgL/s72-c/6.jpg
https://health.dailynewsview.com/2018/08/arsenic-existing-drug-combo-could-treat.html


Hi ladies! How does it feel being back at work after the festive season? I'm so tired for some reason so I'm struggling! I have a very quick NOTD for you using one of the polishes that has been on my wishlist for a very long time - Color Club Fashion Addict. It was SO worth hunting down!
I'm sure you will have all seen this beautiful polish before so I won't say too much and just let you admire the holo. Above is 3 coats with no basecoat or topcoat. It applied nicely this way and lasted 2 and a bit days before I got tip wear and changed my polish. It's a real shame the sun wasn't out when I wore it as I wanted to see the holo in all its glory!
I didn't have to work on public holiday Monday so the boy and I went to Chatswood to do some browsing and have lunch at one of our favourite restaurants Mamak. After lunch I made a beeline for Lush to see if they had any Xmas gift packs or Snow Fairy left.
Jennifer - you got me soooooo addicted to it!!!! I have been using your generous gift ever since I got home and I just LOVE the smell =D They had sold out of the individual Snow Fairy shower gels but they had the Christmas Candy box left which included Snow Fairy and other goodies.
They advertised it for 50% off making it only $25 which was already a steal. When I went to pay I discovered there was a FURTHER 50% off meaning I only paid $12.50 for it!! What a huge saving! I love a good bargain and now I have lots of lovely Lush goodies to hopefully see me through most of the year. I was really tempted to buy another box but I'm trying to be good meaning no "backup purchases" no matter how cheap as I usually end up not using them. I suggest you hurry along to your nearest Lush and see if you can score a bargain too!
On another note, I can't believe I've posted practically every day for over a week! That's the beauty of holidays ;) I hope to blog more often this year as I won't be doing any postgrad study. I'd like to start doing nail tutorials and also more reviews. I got a lot of requests for tutorials, reviews and hauls when I asked for suggestions in my last giveaway and I'd love you to let me know exactly what you'd like to see on my blog.
Did you like the format of the mini tutorial I did on how to use Liquid Palisade in my last post? Is there anything specific you'd like a tutorial on or that you'd like me to review? I'm not confident enough with my makeup skills to show the world unfortunately =S I can't guarantee I can fulfil your requests but I will try my very best!
I love that glittery, hologram polish. It's all sorts of amazing. The lush pack sounds like the BOTD - Bargain Of The Day. Hahahaha I'm such an idiot. Seriously though I love deals that work out like that at the cash register!
ooo love the lush box!! and the nail polish is gorgeous ..very sweet and girly!!
Gorgeous polish 'Chelle!And you're so lucky for having lush there!
Stunning polish! And that Lush gift box looks divine: I once stayed with a friend who had Snow Fairy and it smelled so delicious I wanted to stow it away in my luggage to take it home.
WOW that's a really good bargain on lush! :) I was just there two days ago buying Lemony Flutter with a gift card I got for Xmas. The SA was all "our holiday gifts are on sale!" but I wasn't really hearing here over the excitement of getting LF.
Everyone loves a bargain! I'd really like to see some of your tutorials.
I'm really impressed with yr collection!
Best wishes for you in this new year.
Very pretty! I know what you mean about being tired, especially after such a long holiday season!!
Aww please do tutorials hun, that would be incredible! I popped into LUSH the other day & the same thing happened to me! Don't ya love it when that happens? :) I managed to nab the yummy gingerbread tin. Btw the Honey I Washed the Kids soap is incredible, I use it in every shower & its smells soo yummy! :) Love the nail colour too love, picked up a GOSH polish today in Holographic, really similar n sparkly. Can't wait to use it!
glad you liked Snow Fairy Michelle!!! the candy box is so pink and girly <3 that's such a steal!!!
Isn't she a great holo? I want to stamp with he rnext week. I'm so jealous of your Lush goodies!!
@Mez: Fashion Addict is definitely all sorts of amazing! It was so hard to track down and I can see why it would be sold out everywhere - it's just so gorgeous!
LOL I think it was my Bargain of the Week!!
@Steph xox: The packaging is so nice I don't want to use the products!
@Ria: Us Aussie girls are VERY lucky we have Lush here considering we don't get a lot of other brands.
@Danielle: Fashion Addict is definitely stunning! Lol I would have wanted to steal her bottle too don't worry =p After I use the gel the whole bathroom just smells so yummy and I want to shower again haha.
@Joan: I didn't know until I was at the cash register! I don't think they're advertising the extra 50% off.
@Rachel Marie: That's very understandable, Lemony Flutter is just so awesome! And it's forever out of stock too.
@KcomeKarolina: Happy New Year to you too.
@Antoszewskia: Glad you like the colour!
@†any: Thank you so much for supporting my blog! I'm so glad you enjoy reading it and I hope you continue to =) Happy new year!
@나니 : I couldn't agree more!
@PinkOrchids: I thought I would be all nice and rested but I guess not lol.
@Aysh: Oh lucky you! The gingerbread tin looked so cute in pics I saw. GOSH holographic is such an awesome polish, it's on my wishlist!
@Sharon: The bargain totally made my day! You can see a list of Lush stores here: http://www.lush.com.au/catalog/info.php?page=whereislush.
I bought it from their Chatswood store but normally I go to their QVB store as I don't live close to Chatswood. Unfortunately QVB doesn't have any of the Christmas Candy boxes left though, I went past on Tuesday and they only had a limited number of gift sets left.
@Antoszewskia: Thank you so much!
@Beauty addict: I only started getting in to Lush products last year and I must say I'm hooked now! Why didn't I get into it earlier?
@Jennifer: You know I can't pass up a good bargain ;) I've used up half the bottle of Snow Fairy you gave me already so I'm trying to not use it too often lol. It's just too yummy!!!!!


We have asked our team of lovely Heritage volunteers to contribute to our blog. They've chosen pieces with their favourite stories behind them from our Collection to write about. Many of these are on display in our museum, Woking's Story. The second instalment, written by Rosemary, explores the history of the foundation stone of The Central Hall of The Royal Dramatic College, Maybury.
The white stone in Woking's Story is inscribed 'Beneath this buttress the first brick of the Central Hall was laid by B.Webster, Esqr Aug. 7th 1862'.
The Royal Dramatic College in Maybury, now the site of the Lion Retail Park, was a home for retired actors and actresses who had fallen on hard times. Charles Dickens and William Makepeace Thackeray, together with Benjamin Webster, a successful actor-manager, were instrumental in forming a trust to raise money for the building of the college, which housed ten actors and ten actresses. A Royal Charter was granted in 1859 and, in 1860, five acres of Maybury Common were given to the project by the London Necropolis Company. Prince Albert laid the foundation stone of the college on 1st June 1860 and it was officially opened on 5th June 1865 although the first residents were admitted in September 1862.
The college was designed by William Webbe in a red brick Tudor style but he was found to be unsatisfactory and the Central Hall, which housed an art collection, books and other artefacts, was designed by T.R.Smith. The stone in Woking's Story commemorates the laying of the first brick of this hall.
Sadly, the finances of the college were always precarious and, despite "Fancy Fairs" being held at the Crystal Palace and occasional gifts, by 1870 the college was in a bad financial position with higher running and building costs than originally envisaged.
The Royal Dramatic College closed on 12th November 1877 and the building was sold in 1884 to Dr Leitner, who developed it as the Oriental Institute.
The Foundation Stone is on display in Woking's Story in the section which explores the history of the buildings in Oriental Road, including The Royal Dramatic College and the Shah Jahan Mosque.


text:
Bookreporter
20SomethingReads
Teenreads
Kidsreads
ReadingGroupGuides
GraphicNovelReporter
FaithfulReader
AuthorsOnTheWeb
The Book Report Network
Sign up for our newsletters!
Bets On
Sounding Off on Audio
Favorite Monthly Lists & Picks
Winter Reading
Submitting a Book for Review
Since Laura Lippman's debut, she has won multiple awards and critical acclaim for provocative, timely crime novels set in her beloved hometown of Baltimore. Laura has been nominated for more than 50 awards for crime fiction and won almost 20, including the Edgar. Her books have been translated into over 20 languages. Now a perennial New York Times bestselling author, she lives in Baltimore and New Orleans with her family.
Website: lauralippman.net/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lauralippman
Twitter: https://twitter.com/LauraMLippman
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/LauraMLippman/
Books by Laura Lippman
by Laura Lippman - Fiction, Historical Fiction, Historical Mystery, Historical Thriller, Mystery, Suspense, Thriller
Drawing on her own secrets, Madeline "Maddie" Schwartz helps Baltimore police find a murdered girl --- assistance that leads to a job at the city's afternoon newspaper, the Star. Working at the newspaper offers Maddie the opportunity to make her name, and she has found just the story to do it: a missing woman whose body was discovered in the fountain of a city park lake. Cleo Sherwood was a young African-American woman who liked to have a good time. No one seems to know or care why she was killed except Maddie --- and the dead woman herself. Maddie is going to find the truth about Cleo's life and death. Cleo's ghost, privy to Maddie's poking and prying, wants to be left alone.
by Laura Lippman - Fiction, Psychological Suspense, Psychological Thriller, Suspense, Thriller
They meet at a local tavern in the small town of Belleville, Delaware. Polly is set on heading west. Adam says he's also passing through. Yet she stays and he stays --- drawn to this mysterious redhead whose quiet stillness both unnerves and excites him. Over the course of a punishing summer, Polly and Adam abandon themselves to a steamy, inexorable affair. Still, each holds something back from the other --- dangerous, even lethal, secrets. Then someone dies. Was it an accident, or part of a plan? By now, Adam and Polly are so ensnared in each other's lives and lies that neither one knows how to get away --- or even if they want to. Is their love strong enough to withstand the truth, or will it ultimately destroy them?
Wilde Lake
Luisa "Lu" Brant is the newly elected --- and first female --- state's attorney of Howard County, Maryland. She sees an opportunity to make her name by trying a mentally disturbed drifter accused of beating a woman to death. The case dredges up painful memories, reminding her family of the night when her brother, AJ, saved his best friend at the cost of another man's life. Lu now wonders if the events of 1980 happened as she remembers them. What details might have been withheld when she was a child? The more she learns about the case, the more questions arise.
Hush Hush: A Tess Monaghan Novel
by Laura Lippman - Fiction, Mystery, Suspense, Thriller
Tess Monaghan wants nothing to do with a woman crazy enough to have killed her own child. But when her mentor asks her to keep an eye on Melisandre Harris Dawes, who --- by reason of criminal insanity --- was judged not guilty of her daughter's death, she has to accept. However, things gets tricky after Melisandre becomes a prime suspect in a recent murder. While Tess scrutinizes her, a judgmental stalker has been watching her every move as well.
After I'm Gone
by Laura Lippman - Fiction, Mystery
The acclaimed bestselling author of THE MOST DANGEROUS THING, I'D KNOW YOU ANYWHERE and WHAT THE DEAD KNOW returns with an addictive story that explores how one man's disappearance echoes through the lives of the five women he left behind --- his wife, his daughters and his mistress.
And When She Was Good
by Laura Lippman - Fiction, Mystery, Suspense
Heloise is a suburban madam who lives the life of "every mom" with soccer games and homework in between the hours where she runs her business and has her own customers, who spend time with her for a price. Life seems safe for her until another suburban madam is found dead, and suddenly the life she has built starts to feel a lot less secure.
The Most Dangerous Thing
by Laura Lippman - Fiction, Mystery, Psychological Suspense, Suspense, Thriller
Years ago, they were all the best of friends. As time passed and circumstances changed, they grew apart, became adults with families of their own, and began to forget about the past --- and the terrible lie they all shared. But now Gordon has died, and the others are thrown together for the first time in years. And then the revelations start.
The Girl in the Green Raincoat: A Tess Monaghan Novel
by Laura Lippman - Fiction, Thriller
I'd Know You Anywhere
Hardly Knew Her: Stories
by Laura Lippman - Fiction, Short Stories
Another Thing to Fall
What the Dead Know
Thirty years ago two sisters disappeared from a shopping mall. Their bodies were never found and those familiar with the case have always been tortured by these questions: How do you kidnap two girls? Who—or what—could have lured the two sisters away from a busy mall on a Saturday afternoon without leaving behind a single clue or witness?
Now a clearly disoriented woman involved in a rush-hour hit-and-run claims to be the younger of the long-gone Bethany sisters. But her involuntary admission and subsequent attempt to stonewall investigators only deepens the mystery.
No Good Deeds: A Tess Monaghan Novel
For Tess Monaghan, the unsolved murder of a young federal prosecutor is nothing more than a theoretical problem, until her boyfriend, Crow, brings home a juvenile con artist who doesn't even realize he holds an important key to the sensational homicide. Tess agrees to protect the boy's identity no matter what, and with federal agents determined to learn the boy's name at any cost, Tess finds out just how far even official authorities will go to get what they want.
To the Power of Three
In Laura Lippman's latest stand-alone novel (following 2003's EVERY SECRET THING), the lives of three girls who have been best friends for years --- and the affluent community in which they reside --- are forever changed when one of them brings a gun to school to resolve a mysterious feud.
Every Secret Thing
By A Spider's Thread
The Last Place
More books by Laura Lippman »
News and Interviews
Browse by last name: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
View all by author »
bookreporter.com on Facebook
bookreporter.com on Twitter
Shop with TBRN on IndieBound
Shop with TBRN on Amazon
Shop with TBRN on Barnes & Noble
Copyright © 2019 The Book Report, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Meet the Reviewers


text:
Marcus Williams needs hernia operation
Scunthorpe United full-back Marcus Williams will go under the knife next week to clear up a hernia problem.
The 28-year-old played through the pain barrier as the Iron secured promotion to Sky Bet League One before watching the final game of the season against York from the sidelines.
Scunthorpe boss Russ Wilcox has now revealed Williams will undergo surgery when the squad get back from a trip to Marbella.
Wilcox said: "Marcus needs an operation. He's got a hernia problem.
"He's been carrying it a few weeks now but we've kept it under wraps. We thought it was just a little strain but he saw a specialist last Wednesday and he's going to be operated on next week.
"It's usually a three or four week job - it's keyhole surgery.
"He deserves to have a holiday first, but the rehab side of it means he'll be fine come pre-season."


In the wake of the recently leaked documents containing information about supposed "Xbox 720", Microsoft is announcing something tomorrow at 6PM Eastern Time. Some reports indicate that it will involve a partnership between Microsoft and Barnes & Noble to have Xbox Live video streaming from Nook E-Readers.
The invite sent from Microsoft showed no indication of the type of announcement to be made tomorrow, but something tells us it will indeed be something big, and cool.
Check back tomorrow to find out what Microsoft is planning.


text:
Irish backstop – Taoiseach tells Johnson in 'forthright terms' of concerns about intention to breach deal
Taoiseach Micheál Martin has spoken to Boris Johnson and set out in "forthright terms" his concerns about the British move to unilaterally walk away from aspects of the withdrawal agreement signed last year, the Government said in a statement this evening. Mr Martin outlined his concerns to Boris Johnson about the "breach of an international…
Taoiseach Micheál Martin has spoken to Boris Johnson and set out in "forthright terms" his concerns about the British move to unilaterally walk away from aspects of the withdrawal agreement signed last year, the Government said in a statement this evening.
Mr Martin outlined his concerns to Boris Johnson about the "breach of an international treaty, the absence of bilateral engagement and the serious implications for Northern Ireland", his spokesperson said.
"He stressed to the prime minister that the UK government should re-engage with EU negotiators urgently."
Mr Martin told CNN on Wednesday evening that it represented a "new departure" which was "moving away from the norms of conduct and diplomacy".
"I was annoyed and angry at the fact there was no heads up," he said.
Earlier, Mr Martin said he was "extremely concerned" at Britain's apparent plan to "break international law" with a new bill amending the Brexit treaty.
"The degree to which it drags Northern Ireland back into the centre stage is very, very regrettable. It has the potential to be divisive in that context," Mr Martin said.
The Taoiseach said the timing and unilateral nature of the admission by Northern Ireland secretary of state Brandon Lewis on Tuesday that new British internal market legislation would breach the Brexit treaty was "not an acceptable way to conduct negotiations".
Mr Lewis told the House of Commons the internal markets Bill to be published on Wednesday will see Britain reneging on its treaty commitment to the EU.
"This does break international law in a very specific and limited way. We're taking the power to disapply the EU law concept of direct effect required by article 4 in certain very tightly defined circumstances," he said.
Mr Martin said the admission in the House of Commons had "taken a lot of people aback" across Europe and indeed within the UK" and was not conducive to meaningful negotiations.
"Unilateral actions which seek to change the operation of measures already agreed including in an international treaty and incorporated into domestic law do not build trust."
Mr Martin said he was not under any illusion that a no-deal Brexit would be "very damaging" but was of still of the view that the optimal outcome was a "proper, sensible free trade agreement".
Mr Martin said he had spoken to European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen. On Wednesday she tweeted she was "very concerned" about the announcement which "would break international law and undermines trust". The EU has requested an extraordinary meeting with British counterparts to discuss the matter.
On Wednesday evening, Minister for Foreign Affairs Simon Coveney said the British government had "decided to cause chaos" in the negotiations by taking actions that were both "illegal and aggressive".
"I think from a British government perspective, it's extraordinary," he told RTÉ News. "Britain's reputation internationally is going to be seriously damaged by this, and the trust between Britain and the EU in terms of negotiating teams and governments is also going to be strained by it.
"The EU side has responded in a very calm way – as have we – but also a very firm way. The Taoiseach spoke very directly to the prime minister this evening but also has asked for the UK team to engage but in the structures that are there to solve problems like this.
"Hopefully that will be able to happen in the next few days and we will find a way of moving on from this really unnecessary distraction which effectively proposes aggressive and illegal approaches by the UK to try and solve problems that we settled this time last year."
Mr Coveney said he still believed a deal could be done, but that he could not "allow this pass without calling it out for what it is".
"I think a deal can be done," he said. "But I think what the British government has done this week makes it much more difficult to do that because I think every government across the EU is now looking at the British government and thinking 'can we trust these people as negotiating partners?'"
Mr Coveney warned against the potential for undermining the progress made in Northern Ireland with the reestablishment of the power-sharing government.
"I would caution anyone who is thinking about playing politics with Northern Ireland on Brexit again. Northern Ireland is too fragile and too important to be used as a pawn in the broader Brexit negotiations," he said.
'Perfidious Albion'
Earlier in the Dail Mr Martin told Sinn Fein leader Mary Lou McDonald the Government did not just "kneejerk react" when a particular move was made in international negotiations.
He said "I will exercise judgment in terms of both how I intervene, when I intervene and the manner of my intervention. "And sometimes it's not all about lifting the phone because what's at stake here is adherence to an international treaty which Ireland's agreed to."
Ms McDonald said "perfidious Albion is alive and well and living in number 10 Downing Street" and she was "alarmed" that the Taoiseach had waited three days to intervene on the matter.
Ms McDonald told the Taoiseach "you need to dispense with diplomatic niceties and you need to set the position very very clearly to him". She said the stakes were very high and they could not afford to have "any hesitancy or lack of forcefulness and rigour in dealing with Boris Johnson".
She also suggested Mr Martin was "indulging in wishful thinking" that Mr Johnson and his government "are not capable of really walking away from the commitments they have made".
Labour leader Alan Kelly also called on the Taoiseach to "stand up and call this out for what it is".
He told the Taoiseach "I don't trust Boris Johnson. I know you can't say that" but Mr Johnson would "only react to one thing and that is being called out quite publicly". Mr Kelly told Mr Martin "you will be doing Europe and the world a favour."
Earlier, Tánaiste Leo Varadkar said he did not think there could be a free trade agreement between the UK and the EU in circumstances where the UK government is not honouring the withdrawal agreement.
Mr Varadkar said it had been an "extraordinary statement to hear from a cabinet minister in a respected liberal democracy".
On Wednesday morning, Mr Varadkar said: "A country either abides by the rule of law or it does not, it either honours international treaties and obligations or it does not; Britain is an honest, honourable country full of honest people, it's the country of the Magna Carta, the country that helped defend parliamentary democracy, it's not a rogue state."
'Extraordinary comments'
He told RTÉ radio's Morning Ireland that "these were extraordinary comments. It certainly set off alarm bells in Dublin, I think they have backfired. We've seen the response of the Northern Ireland parties, representing the majority of the people in Northern Ireland which has been very negative, we've seen the response from the European Union, we've seen the response from US Congress and Irish America.
Irish backstop – Brexit: Johnson puts six-week deadline on EU talks
Irish backstop – Brexit: Boris Johnson has undermined trust in UK, says EU


This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-CommercialLicense (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use,distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Silicon nanowire (SiNW) silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) flash memory devices were fabricated and their electrical characteristics were analyzed. Compared to planar SONOS devices, these SiNW SONOS devices have good program/erase (P/E) characteristics and a large threshold voltage (V T ) shift of 2.5 V in 1ms using a gate pulse of +14 V. The devices also show excellent immunity to short channel effects (SCEs) due to enhanced gate controllability, which becomes more apparent as the nanowire width decreases. This is attributed to the fully depleted mode operation as the nanowire becomes narrower. 3D TCAD simulations of both devices show that the electric field of the junction area is significantly reduced in the SiNW structure.
The scaling of conventional planar flash memory is expected to end beyond the sub-20 nm technology node due to concerns about lithography, the coupling ratio, and the crosstalk interface. Future memory requires faster program/erase speed, longer data retention, and higher storage capacity, at a lower cost. SONOS flash memory devices have been considered the most promising candidate for implementing low-voltage and high-density nonvolatile semiconductor memory  . However, short channel effects (SCEs) become apparent as the memory cell is scaled down. To solve the SCE problem, various 3D structures for SONOS devices have been reported [2 , 3] . In particular, nanowire transistors have generated much recent research interest [4 - 7] because of their potential to replace conventional planar structures in scaling CMOS devices to gate length of 10 nm or less. With the impending tunneling limit of gate oxides at a thickness of 1 nm or slightly less, it is difficult to scale bulk MOSFETs to gate lengths of less than 20 nm with acceptable SCEs  . Nanowire transistors, which are basically gate-all-around devices, offer superior electrostatic control of the channel to suppress SCEs. This paper reports the fabrication of SiNW and planar SONOS flash memories, and and analysis of the electrical characteristics. To uncover the reason for good SCE immunity in SiNW SONOS devices, both devices were examined with 3D TCAD simulations.
A schematic of the SiNW gate-all-around (GAA) SONOS flash memory device and its process flow are shown in Fig. 1 . A p-type (100) bulk wafer was used as the starting material. One distinctive feature in forming SiNW from bulk Si is the one-step etching route to pattern the SiNW and to isolate the adjacent FETs. A photolithography process using 0.18 μm technology was employed to define the SiNW. To achieve a minimum feature size for the SiNW, photoresist ashing, in part by oxygen plasma, was performed as described in another study  . Afterwards, the 180- nm line width was reduced to 30 nm. In the one-step etching route, in-situ generated CF4-based polymer begins to passivate the exposed Si surface during reactive ion etching (RIE) through the Bosch process  .
Schematic of SiNW SONOS flash memory.
(a) Tilted SEM image showing the suspended SiNW after the Bosch process and (b) cross-sectional TEM image of the SiNW inside the poly-Si gate.
The measurement results of program and erase characteristics of the fabricated SiNW SONOS flash memory. The gate length is 25 nm and the NW width is 20 nm.
Experimental results of VG-ID characteristic of planar and SiNW SONOS flash memory devices.
advanced multidimensional simulator capable of simulating the electrical, thermal, and optical characteristics of silicon-based and compound semiconductor devices.
Figure 3 shows the measured program/erase characteristics of the fabricated SiNW SONOS flash memory ( LG = 25 nm and NW width = 20 nm). A Fowler-Nordheim tunneling mechanism was employed to measure how the memory of the cell performed by grounding the source and drain and stressing the gate. Based on the programming characteristics, the SiNW devices exhibit a large threshold voltage (V T ) shift of 2.5 V within 1 ms using a pulse of +14 V on the gate. However, the SiNW device requires more time to erase what is written in programming. This erase process is known to be slow due to the lower tunneling probability of holes than that of the electrons used in programming.
Figure 4 shows the experimental results of the gate voltagedrain current (V G -I D ) measurements in the fabricated SiNW and planar SONOS devices with a 25 nm LG . The SiNW device shows superior short-channel immunity with a drain-induced barrier leakage (DIBL) of 200 mV/V and subthreshold slope (SS) of 102 mV/dec. DIBL is defined as (V T,lin -V T,sat )/0.95 V, where V T.lin and V T,sat are the threshold voltage (V T ) at drain biases (V D ) of 0.05 and 1 V, respectively. SS was extracted at V D = 0.05 V. The ONstate current (I on ) is 7 uA at V G -V T,sat = 1 V and V D = 1 V. This can be enhanced by reducing the gate oxide thickness further and optimizing S/D.
TCAD-simulated structure of (a) SiNW and (b) planar SONOS flash memory devices.
To understand the origins of the excellent performance of SiNW SONOS devices, simulations were performed using a commercial 3D TCAD tool. Figure 5 shows the overall structure of the SiNW and planar SONOS devices. The simulation results are similar to the experimental data, as shown in Fig. 6 . Compared with planar SONOS devices, SiNW SONOS devices show excellent SCE immunity, with good DIBL and SS performance.
The simulated LG dependencies of the DIBL and SS of the SiNW and planar devices of various widths are presented in Fig. 7 . The SCEs in the GAA FETs are effectively suppressed upon reducing the SiNW dimensions. Compared with a similar study based on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate  , these results show that reasonable device characteristics and SCEs can be attained from the SiNW devices even when implemented on bulk Si due to the superior electrostatic nature of the GAA. The proposed process based on the bulk Si can be considered a promising method for creating highly scaled SiNW devices using a costeffective process.
Figure 8 shows the results of the TCAD simulation of the electric field distribution of planar and SiNW SONOS flash memory devices. The electric field of the junction area is significantly reduced in the SiNW structure, as indicated with red circles.
The fabrication of silicon nanowire (SiNW) silicon-oxidenitride- oxide-silicon (SONOS) flash memory devices and the analysis of their electrical characteristics have been described. Compared with planar SONOS devices, SiNW SONOS devices have good P/E characteristics and show excellent SCE immunity due to enhanced gate controllability. In addition, the SiNW SONOS devices exhibit improved SCE immunity in accordance with the decrease in nanowire width. This is known to be due to the fully depleted mode operation as the nanowire becomes narrower. To uncover the reason for good SCE immunity in SiNW SONOS devices, both devices examined with TCAD simulations. The results show that the electric field of the junction area is significantly reduced in the SiNW structure.
Simulation results for the VG-ID characteristics of planar and SiNW SONOS flash memory devices.
Simulation results of (a) DIBL and (b) SS versus LG of SiNW and planar devices of various widths.
The electric field distribution of (a) planar and (b) SiNW SONOS flash memory devices.
This research was supported by the Basic Science ResearchProgram through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology(2012R1A1A3018050) and by the Ministry of KnowledgeEconomy (MKE) and the Korea Institute for Advancement ofTechnology (KIAT) through the Workforce Development Programin Strategic Technology.
Taur Y. , Ning T. H. (1998) Fundamentals of Modern VLSI Devices. Cambridge Univ. Press Cambridge, U.K.
 SD Yang , JS Oh , HJ Yun , KS Jeong , YM Kim , SY Lee , HD Lee , and GW Lee , "The Short Channel Effect Immunity of Silicon Nanowire SONOS Flash Memory Using TCAD Simulation", Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials, vol. 3, no. 3, Jun 2013.