2006-11-30 Assigned to MOLECULAR IMPRINTS, INC. reassignment MOLECULAR IMPRINTS, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CHOI, BYUNG-JIN, SREENIVASAN, SIDLGATA V.
2018-04-04 Assigned to MOLECULAR IMPRINTS, INC. reassignment MOLECULAR IMPRINTS, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CANON NANOTECHNOLOGIES, INC.
The present invention is directed towards a method and a system of patterning first and second opposed sides of a substrate. The method and system may employ a mold assembly and obtaining a desired spatial relationship between the first and second opposed sides of the substrate and the mold assembly. In a further embodiment, the method and system may employ a first and a second mold assembly.
The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/748,430, filed on Dec. 8, 2005, entitled "Apparatus for and Methods for Imprinting, Aligning, and Separation for Double Side Imprinting," the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.
The field of the invention relates generally to nano-fabrication of structures. More particularly, the present invention is directed to a method and a system of double-sided patterning of a substrate.
The imprint lithography technique disclosed in each of the aforementioned United States patent application publications and United States patent includes formation of a relief pattern in a polymerizable layer and transferring a pattern corresponding to the relief pattern into an underlying substrate. The substrate may be positioned upon a motion stage to obtain a desired position to facilitate patterning thereof. To that end, a template is employed spaced-apart from the substrate with a formable liquid present between the template and the substrate. The liquid is solidified to form a solidified layer that has a pattern recorded therein that is conforming to a shape of the surface of the template in contact with the liquid. The template is then separated from the solidified layer such that the template and the substrate are spaced-apart. The substrate and the solidified layer are then subjected to processes to transfer, into the substrate, a relief image that corresponds to the pattern in the solidified layer.
In some applications, it may be desirable to form a relief pattern on first and second opposed sides of the substrate. Forming a pattern on first and second opposed sides of the substrate, i.e. double-sided patterning, may be beneficial in the area of patterned media imprinting. To that end, a need therefore exists to provide a method and a system of double-sided patterning of substrates.
FIG. 31 is a side view of the system shown in FIG. 30, with the first and second templates being spaced-apart from the substrate.
Referring to FIG. 1, a system 10 is shown to form a relief pattern on a first side 12 and a second side 14 of a substrate 16. In an example, substrate 16 may be substantially absent of an alignment mark. Substrate 16 may be coupled to a substrate chuck 18, with substrate chuck 18 being any chuck including, but not limited to, vacuum and electromagnetic. Substrate chuck 18 may further comprise a cavity 19 facing substrate 16. Substrate 16 and substrate chuck 18 may be supported on a first stage 20 and a second stage 22, with first stage 20 being positioned between substrate chuck 18 and second stage 22. Further, first and second stages 20 and 22 may be positioned on a base 23. First stage 20 may provide motion about a first axis while second stage 22 may provide motion about a second axis, the second axis being orthogonal to the first axis, i.e. the first and second axes being the x and y axes. Exemplary stages in the present invention are available under part number XM2000 from Newport Corporation of Irvine, Calif. Substrate 16 further comprises a throughway 25 having an aperture 27 about first side 12 of substrate 16 and an aperture 29 about second side 14 of substrate 16. However, in a further embodiment, substrate 16 may be substantially absent of throughway 25.
Spaced-apart from substrate 16 is a template 24 having a mesa 26 extending therefrom towards substrate 16 with a patterning surface 28 thereon. Mesa 26 may also be referred to as a mold 26. However, in a further embodiment, template 24 may be substantially absent of mold 26. Template 24 and/or mold 26 may be formed from such materials including but not limited to, fused-silica, quartz, silicon, organic polymers, siloxane polymers, borosilicate glass, fluorocarbon polymers, metal, and hardened sapphire. As shown, patterning surface 28 comprises features defined by a plurality of spaced-apart recesses 30 and protrusions 32. However, in a further embodiment, patterning surface 28 may be substantially smooth and/or planar. Patterning surface 28 may define an original pattern that forms the basis of a pattern to be formed on first and second sides 12 and 14 of substrate 16, described further below. Template 24 may be coupled to a template chuck 34, template chuck 34 being any chuck including, but not limited to, vacuum and electromagnetic. Further, template chuck 34 may be coupled to an imprint head 36 to facilitate movement of template 24 and mold 26.
Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, a top down view of template 24 is illustrated. As shown, template 24 comprises a circular shape. However, in a further embodiment, template 24 may comprise any geometric shape desired. Further, template 24 may comprise a first region 38, a second region 40, and a third region 42, with the second region 40 being positioned between first region 38 and third region 40. Second region 40 may be referred to as an active region 40. Furthermore, as shown, third region 42 may be positioned at a center of template 24; however, in a further embodiment, third region 42 may be positioned at any location of template 24 desired. Mold 26, shown in FIG. 1, may be in superimposition with active region 40. Active region 40 and third region 42 may have a height h1. In an example, height h1 may be in the range of 5-15 microns. In a further embodiment, the height of active region 40 and third region 42 may differ. Furthermore, there may be a recession 44 positioned between active region 40 and third region 42.
Referring to FIGS. 2 and 4, third region 42 may comprise an alignment mark 46. In an example, alignment mark 46 may be a standard universal alignment target (UAT). Alignment mark 46 may be employed to obtain a desired spatial relationship between template 24 and substrate 16, shown in FIG. 1.
Referring to FIG. 1, system 10 further comprises a fluid dispenser 48. Fluid dispenser 48 may be in fluid communication with substrate 16 so as to position a polymeric material 50 on substrate 16, described further below. As shown, fluid dispenser 48 is coupled to template chuck 34; however, in a further embodiment, fluid dispenser 48 may be coupled to any part of system 10, i.e., template 24 or imprint head 36. Further, system 10 may comprise any number of fluid dispensers and fluid dispenser 48 may comprise a plurality of dispensing units therein. Polymeric material 50 may be positioned on substrate 16 using any known technique, e.g., drop dispense, spin-coating, dip coating, thin film deposition, thick film deposition, and the like. As shown, polymeric material 50 may be positioned upon substrate 16 as a plurality of spaced-apart droplets 52.
System 10 further comprises a source 54 of energy 56 coupled to direct energy 56 along a path 58. In an example, source 54 may be an ultraviolet emitting lamp coupled with either a liquid guide or an ultraviolet fiber guide. An exemplary source of energy in the present invention is available under part number BlueWave™ 200 Spot Lamp from DYMAX Corporation of Torrington, Conn. Imprint head 36 and first and second stages 20 and 22 are configured to arrange mold 26 and substrate 16, respectively, to be in superimposition and disposed within path 58. Either imprint head 36, first and second stages 20 and 22, or a combination of the above, may vary a distance between mold 26 and substrate 16 to define a desired volume therebetween that is filled by polymeric material 50, described further below.
System 10 further comprises an optical detection system having imaging units 60 a and 60 b. As shown, imaging unit 60 a may be coupled to fluid dispenser 48; however, in a further embodiment, imaging unit 60 a may be coupled to any part of system 10, i.e., template 24, template chuck 34, or imprint head 36. Furthermore, as shown, imaging unit 60 b is coupled to second stage 22; however, in a further embodiment, imaging unit 60 b may be coupled to any part of system 10, i.e., substrate chuck 18 or first stage 20. Further, system 10 may comprise any number of imaging units 60 a and 60 b. Imaging units 60 a and 60 b may be a microscope in data communication with an image processing module (not shown). In a further embodiment, imaging units 60 a and 60 b may be a laser edge detecting sensor.
Referring to FIGS. 1, 5, and 6, imaging units 60 a and 60 b may be employed to detect substrate 16 and mold 26, respectively. More specifically, imaging units may detect an edge 62 of substrate 16. In a further embodiment, imaging unit 60 a, now shown as imaging units 64 a, 64 a′, 64 b, and 64 b′ in FIGS. 5 and 6, may be employed to determine a center location of substrate 16, i.e. throughway 25 about the x and y axes. More specifically, imaging units 64 a and 64 b may be lasers producing beams 66 a and 66 b, respectively, with imaging units 64 a′ and 64 b′ being intensity sensors detecting beams 66 a and 66 b, respectively. As shown, imaging units 64 a, 64 a′, 64 b, 64 b′ may detect aperture 25. Imaging units 64 a and 64 b may be employed as off-axis or thru-the-template. Exemplary intensity sensors employed in the present invention are available under part number LV-H37 from Keyence, Inc. of Woodcliff Lake, N.J.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 7, system 10 further comprises a robot 68 for positioning substrate 16 upon and removing substrate 16 from substrate chuck 18. Robot 68 may be any handling robot known in the art. In an example, robot 68 comprises an arm 70 coupled to a driving means 72. Arm 70 further has an end effecter 73 coupled thereto to handle substrate 16. In an example, end effecter 73 may be an edge-gripping or thin air cavity chuck to hold substrate 16 without contacting an area of substrate 16 having polymeric material 50 positioned thereon, i.e. the active area of substrate 16. Driving means 72 may extend or contract arm 70, rotate arm 70 around its axis, move arm 70 horizontally in a circle, or provide any desired motion of arm 70. Driving means 72 may provide motion about the first and second axes mentioned above. In an example, driving means 72 may rotate about the x axes to flip substrate 16, described further below. Driving means 72 may also rotate about its axis. Furthermore, robot 68 may transport substrate 16 between substrate chuck 18 and a substrate cassette 74. Substrate cassette 74 may comprise a plurality of substrates 16 therein.
Referring to FIG. 1, typically, polymeric material 50 may be positioned upon substrate 16 before the desired volume is defined between mold 26 and substrate 16. However, polymeric material 50 may fill the volume after the desired volume has been obtained. After the desired volume is filled with polymeric material 50, source 54 may produce energy 56, e.g., broadband ultraviolet radiation that causes polymeric material 50 to solidify and/or cross-link conforming to a shape of first side 12 of substrate 16 and patterning surface 28 of mold 26. Control of this process is regulated by a processor 76 that is in data communication with first and second stage 20 and 22, imprint head 36, fluid dispenser 48, source 54, imaging units 60 a and 60 b, and robot 68, operating on a computer readable program stored in memory 78.
As mentioned above, system 10 may be employed to form a pattern on first side 12 of substrate 16. However, it may be desired to form a pattern on second side 14 of substrate 16 such that both first and second sides 12 and 14 of substrate 16 have patterns formed thereon. To that end, described below are a system and a method of forming a pattern on first and second sides 12 and 14 of substrate 16.
Referring to FIGS. 8 and 9, in a first embodiment, a method and a system of forming a pattern on first and second sides 12 and 14 of substrate 16 are shown. As mentioned, above, at step 100, substrate 16 may be positioned upon substrate chuck 18. More specifically, first and second stages 20 and 22 may position substrate chuck 18 proximate to robot 68 such that robot 68 may position substrate 16 upon substrate chuck 18. Robot 68 may transfer substrate 16 from substrate cassette 74 and position substrate 16 on substrate chuck 18 such that a side of first and second sides 12 and 14 may be positioned opposite to that of substrate chuck 18. In a first example, robot 68 may position substrate 16 such that first side 12 faces away from substrate chuck 18 while second side 14 faces towards substrate chuck 18. In a second example, robot 68 may position substrate 16 such that second side 14 faces away from substrate chuck 18 while first side 12 faces towards substrate chuck 18. At step 102, imaging unit 60 a may determine a position of substrate 16. More specifically, imaging unit 60 a may be employed to determine a center location of substrate 16, as mentioned above with respect to FIGS. 5 and 6, with respect to any part of system 10, i.e. mold 18, dispensing unit 48, or robot 68. As a result, a desired spatial relationship of substrate 16 with respect to any part of system 10 may be obtained.
Referring to FIGS. 8 and 10, at step 104, first and second stages 20 and 22 may translate substrate 16 such that a desired position may be obtained between substrate 16 and fluid dispenser 48. As a result, fluid dispenser 48 may position polymeric fluid 50 upon first side 12 of substrate 16, as mentioned above.
Referring to FIGS. 8 and 11, at step 106, a desired position may be obtained between substrate 16 and mold 26. More specifically, first and second stages 20 and 22 and imprint head 36 may position substrate chuck 18 such that substrate 16 may be in superimposition with mold 26 and further polymeric material 50 fills the desired volume defined between substrate 16 and mold 26. At step 108, as mentioned above, polymeric material 50 positioned on first side 12 of substrate 16 may be solidified and/or cross-linked conforming to first side 12 of substrate 16 and a patterning surface 28 of mold 26. At step 110, mold 18 may be separated from polymeric material 50 positioned on first side 12 of substrate 16.
Referring to FIGS. 8 and 12, at step 112, analogous to that mentioned above with respect to step 100, first and second stages 20 and 22 may position substrate chuck 18 proximate to robot 68. At step 114, robot 68 may separate substrate 16 from substrate chuck 18 via robot 68. At step 116, substrate 16 may be analyzed to determine if first and second sides 12 and 14 of substrate 16 are patterned. To that end, at step 118, to that end, were only one side of first and second sides 12 and 14 of substrate 16 patterned, robot 68 may rotate arm 70 around its axis to flip substrate 16 180° with respect to mold 18 slid further position substrate 16 on substrate chuck 18 such that the remaining un-patterned side of first and second sides 12 and 14 of substrate 16 may be positioned opposite to that of substrate chuck 18. In a first example, were first side 12 of substrate 16 patterned, robot 68 would position substrate 16 such that first side 12 faces towards substrate chuck 18 and second side 14 faces away from substrate chuck 18. In a second example, were second side 14 of substrate 16 patterned, robot 68 would position substrate 16 such that second side 14 faces towards substrate chuck 18 and first side 12 faces away from substrate chuck 18. Furthermore, polymeric material 50 patterned on a side of first and second sides 12 and 14 of substrate 16 may be positioned within cavity 19 of substrate chuck 18 to minimize, if not prevent, damage to polymeric material 50. To that end, the remaining side of first and second skies 12 and 14 of substrate 16 may be patterned analogous to that mentioned above in FIGS. 8-12, with substrate 16 having first and second sides 12 and 14 patterned shown in FIG. 13.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 8, however, were both first and second sides 12 and 14 of substrate 16 patterned, at step 120 substrate 16 may be unloaded from substrate chuck 18 and robot 68 may position substrate 16 in substrate cassette 74. In a further embodiment, fluid dispenser 48 may be positioned outside of system 10, with first and second sides 12 and 14 of substrate 16 having polymeric fluid 50 positioned thereon outside of system 10. Furthermore, it may be desired to remove polymeric material 50 from portions of substrate 16 in contact with robot 68 and/or substrate chuck 18.
Referring to FIG. 14, a second embodiment of system 10 is described, shown as system 110. System 110 may be analogous to that as system 10 described above with respect to FIGS. 1-7, however, system 110 may further comprise an additional patterning surface, described further below.
To that end, system 110 further comprises a template 224 having a mold 226 extending therefrom towards template 24 with a patterning surface 228 thereon. Template 224 may be coupled to a template chuck 234. Template 224, mold 226, and template chuck 234 may be analogous to that of template 24, mold 26, and template chuck 34, respectively, described above with respect to FIG. 1. Mold 226 may have substantially the same patterning surface 228 as patterning surface 28 of mold 26; however, in a further embodiment, patterning surface 228 may differ from patterning surface 28. Template 224, mold 226, and template chuck 234 may be coupled to second stage 22, with second stage 22 providing motion of template 224, mold 226, and template chuck 234 about the second axis, as mentioned above with respect to FIG. 1. As a result, mold 226 may be positioned in superimposition with mold 26 to facilitate patterning of first and second sides 12 and 14 of substrate 16, described further below. In a further embodiment, template 224, mold 226, and template chuck 234 may be further coupled to first stage 20.
System 110 further comprises a fluid dispenser 248, with fluid dispenser 248 being analogous to fluid dispenser 48 mentioned above with respect to FIG. 1. As shown, fluid dispenser 248 is coupled to template chuck 234; however, in a further embodiment, fluid dispenser 248 may be coupled to any part of system 210; i.e. template 224 or second stage 22. Furthermore, imagining unit 60 b is shown coupled to fluid dispenser 248; however, in a further embodiment, imaging unit 60 b may be coupled to any part of system 110, i.e., second stage 22, template 224, or template chuck 234. Control of fluid dispenser 248 may be regulated by processor 76 that is in data communication with fluid dispenser 248.
Referring to FIGS. 15 and 16, a second embodiment of a method and a system of forming a pattern on first and second sides 12 and 14 of substrate 16 are shown. As mentioned above, at step 300, substrate 16 may be positioned upon substrate chuck 18. More specifically, first and second stages 20 and 22 may position substrate chuck 18 proximate to robot 68 such that robot 68 may position substrate 16 upon substrate chuck 18. Robot 68 may transfer substrate 16 from substrate cassette 74 and position substrate 16 on substrate chuck 18 such that a side of first and second sides 12 and 14 may be positioned opposite to that of substrate 18. Please note for simplicity of illustration, coupling between processor 76 and first stage 20, imaging unit 60 b, and fluid dispenser 248 is not shown.
At step 302, imaging units 60 a and 60 b may determine a position of substrate 16. More specifically, imaging units 60 a and 60 b may be employed to determine a center location of substrate 16, as mentioned above with respect to FIGS. 5 and 6, with respect to any part of system 10, i.e., molds 26 and 226, dispensing units 48 and 248, or robot 68. As a result, a desired spatial relationship of substrate 16 with respect to any part of system 10 may be obtained, described further below.
Referring to FIGS. 15 and 17, at step 304, first and second stages 20 and 22 may translate substrate 16 such that a desired position may be obtained between substrate 16 and fluid dispenser 48. As a result, fluid dispenser 48 may position polymeric fluid 50 upon first side 12 of substrate 16, as mentioned above.
Referring to FIGS. 15 and 18, at step 306, a desired position may be obtained between substrate 16 and mold 26. More specifically, first and second stages 20 and 22 and imprint head 36 may position substrate chuck 18 such that substrate 16 may be in superimposition with mold 26 and further polymeric material 50 positioned on first side 12 of substrate 16 fills the desired volume defined between substrate 16 and mold 26. At step 308, as mentioned above, polymeric material 50 positioned on first side 12 of substrate 16 may be solidified and/or cross-linked conforming to first side 12 of substrate 16 and patterning surface 28 of mold 26. At step 310, substrate 16 may be separated from substrate chuck 18 such that substrate 16 is coupled to mold 26.
Referring to FIGS. 15 and 19, at step 312, first stage 20, or in a further embodiment, first and second stages 20 and 22, may translate fluid dispenser 248 such that a desired position may be obtained between substrate 16 and fluid dispenser 248. As a result, fluid dispenser 248 may position polymeric fluid 50 upon second side 14 of substrate 16, analogous to that mentioned above with respect to first side 12 of substrate 16 shown in FIG. 17.
Referring to FIGS. 15 and 20, at step 314, a desired position may be obtained between substrate 16 and mold 226. More specifically, second stage 22, or in a further embodiment, first and second stages 20 and 22, and imprint head 26 may position mold 226 to be in superimposition with substrate 16 with polymeric material 50 positioned on second side 14 of substrate 16 filling the desired volume defined between substrate 16 and mold 226. At step 316, polymeric material 50 positioned on second side 14 of substrate 16 may be solidified and/or cross-linked conforming to second side 14 of substrate 16 and patterning surface 228 of mold 226. In a further embodiment, step 308, mentioned above, may be omitted where substrate 16 substantially transparent to the actinic radiation mentioned above such that material 50 positioned on first and second sides 12 and 14 of substrate 16 may be solidified and/or cross-linked concurrently.
Referring to FIGS. 15 and 21, at step 318, mold 226 may be separated from polymeric material 50 positioned on second side 14 of substrate 16 such that substrate 16 remains coupled to mold 26. To facilitate separation of mold 226 from polymeric material 50, mold 226 may be bowed towards substrate 16 while concurrently imprint head 36 provides motion of mold 26 in a direction away from mold 226.
Referring to FIGS. 15 and 22, at step 320, first and second stage 20 and 22 and imprint head 36 may position substrate chuck 18 such that substrate chuck 18 may be in superimposition with substrate 16. At step 322, mold 26 may be separated from polymeric material 50 positioned on first side 12 of substrate 16 such that substrate 16 may be positioned upon substrate chuck 18. To facilitate separation of mold 26 from polymeric material 50, mold 26 may be bowed towards substrate 16 while concurrently imprint head 36 provides motion of mold 26 in a direction away from substrate 16. Polymeric material 50 positioned on second side 14 of substrate 16 may be positioned within cavity 19 of substrate chuck 18 to minimize, if not prevent, damage to polymeric material 50. At step 324, substrate 16 may be unloaded from substrate chuck 18 and robot 68 may position substrate 16 in substrate cassette 74.
In a further embodiment, fluid dispensers 48 and 248 may be positioned outside of system 110, with first and second sides 12 and 14 of substrate 16 having polymeric fluid 50 positioned thereon outside of system 110. Furthermore, it may be desired to remove polymeric material 50 from portions of substrate 16 in contact with robot 68 and/or substrate chuck 18.
Referring to FIG. 23, a third embodiment of system 10 is described, shown as system 210. System 210 may be analogous to that as system 10 described above with respect to FIGS. 1-7, however, system 210 may further comprise an additional patterning surface and a pin 80 to hold substrate 16, described further below.
System 210 further comprises a template 324 having a mold 326 extending therefrom towards template 24. Template 324 may be coupled to a template chuck 334. Template 324, mold 326, and template chuck 334 may be analogous to that of template 24, mold 26, and template chuck 34, respectively, described above with respect to FIG. 1. Mold 326 may have substantially the same patterning surface 328 as patterning surface 28 of mold 26; however, in a further embodiment, pattering surface 328 may differ from patterning surface 28. In a further embodiment, template chuck 324 may be a spherical chucking unit having a curvature in the range of 2 microns to 100 microns over an area of template chuck 324 in superimposition with mold 326. Pin 80 may provide motion of template 324 and mold 326 in the first axis and second axis, as mentioned above with respect to FIG. 1. Further pin 80 may provide motion along a third axis orthogonal to the first and second axis, i.e. along the x axis. In an example, pin 80 may provide motion about the x and y axis of approximately 50-200 microns and along the z axis of approximately 2 millimeters.
System 210 further comprises a fluid dispenser 348, with fluid dispenser 348 being analogous to fluid dispenser 48 mentioned above with respect to FIG. 1. Fluid dispenser 348 and imaging unit 60 b are shown coupled to base 23; however, fluid dispenser 348 and imaging unit 60 b may be coupled to any part of system 210. Control of fluid dispenser 348 may be regulated by processor 76 that is in data communication with fluid dispenser 348.
Referring to FIGS. 24 and 25, a third embodiment of a method and a system of forming a pattern on first and second sides 12 and 14 of substrate 16 are shown. At step 400, robot 68 may retrieve substrate 16 from substrate cassette 74 with robot 68 holding substrate 16. At step 402, robot 68 may position substrate 16 such that a desired spatial relationship between substrate 16 and fluid dispensers 48 and 348 may be obtained to position polymeric fluid upon substrate 16. More specifically, fluid dispenser 48 may position polymeric fluid 50 on first side 12 of substrate 16 and fluid dispenser 348 may position polymeric fluid 50 on second side 14 of substrate 16. In a further embodiment, fluid dispensers 48 and 348 may be positioned outside of system 210, with first and second sides 12 and 14 of substrate 16 having polymeric fluid 50 positioned thereon outside of system 210. At step 404, a distance between mold 26 and mold 326 may be increased such that substrate 16 may be positioned between mold 26 and mold 326. Please note for simplicity of illustration, coupling between processor 76 and imaging unit 60 b, pin 80, and fluid dispenser 348 is not shown.
Referring to FIGS. 24 and 26, at step 406, robot 68 may translate substrate 16 and pin 80 may translate such that a desired spatial relationship between substrate 16 and pin 80 may be obtained. As a result, substrate 16 may be centered with respect to pin 80. More specifically, throughway 25 may be in superimposition with pin 80. However, in a further embodiment, any desired spatial relationship between substrate 16 and pin 80 may be obtained.
Referring to FIGS. 24 and 27, at step 408, pin 80 may translate along the z axis such that substrate 16 may be positioned upon pin 80. At step 410, robot 68 may be retracted from holding substrate 16. More specifically, arm 70 of robot 68 may be retracted such that end effecter 73, shown in FIG. 7, is not coupled to substrate 16. At step 412, imaging unit 60 a may determine a position of substrate 16. More specifically, imaging unit 60 a may be employed to determine a center location of substrate 16, as mentioned above with respect to FIGS. 5 and 6, with respect to any part of system 10, i.e., mold 26, mold 326, or robot 68. As a result, a desired spatial relationship of substrate 16 with respect to any part of system 10 may be obtained, described further below.
Referring to FIGS. 24 and 28, at step 414, a desired position may be obtained between substrate 16 and mold 326. More specifically, pin 80 and chuck 334 may position substrate 16 and mold 326 such that substrate 16 may be in superimposition with mold 326 and further polymeric material 50 positioned on second side 14 of substrate 16 fills the desired volume defined between substrate 16 and mold 326.
Referring to FIGS. 24 and 29, at step 416, a desired position may be obtained between substrate 16 and mold 26. More specifically, pin 80 and imprint head 36 may position substrate 16 and mold 26 such that substrate 16 may be in superimposition with mold 26 and further polymeric material 50 positioned on first side 12 of substrate 16 fills the desired volume defined between substrate 16 and mold 26. At step 418, as mentioned above, polymeric material 50 positioned on first side 12 of substrate 16 may be solidified and/or cross-linked conforming to first side 12 of substrate 16 and patterning surface 28 of mold 26 and polymeric material 50 positioned on second side 14 of substrate 16 may be solidified and/or cross-linked conforming to second side 14 of substrate 16 and patterning surface 328 of mold 326.
Referring to FIGS. 24 and 30, at step 420, mold 26 may be separated from polymeric material 50 positioned on first side 12 of substrate 16. Furthermore, it may be desired to remove polymeric material 50 from portions of substrate 16 in contact with robot 68 and/or pin 80.
Referring to FIGS. 24 and 31, at step 422, robot 68 may retrieve substrate 16 such that end effecter 73, shown in FIG. 7, of arm 70 holds substrate 16. At step 424, mold 326 may be separated from polymeric material 50 positioned on second side 14 of substrate 16 such that substrate 16 is coupled to robot 68. At step 426, substrate 16 may be unloaded from substrate chuck 18 and robot 68 may position substrate 16 in substrate cassette 74.
forming a pattern in the material on the second side of the substrate with the mold assembly, defining a second patterned layer.
2. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the step of obtaining the second spatial relationship further comprises a step of flipping the substrate.
3. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the step of obtaining the second spatial relationship further comprises a step of flipping the substrate 180 degrees with respect to the mold assembly.
4. The method as recited in claim 1, further including detecting, by at least one imaging unit, positioning of the substrate to provide the first spatial relationship between the substrate and the mold assembly.
5. The method as recited in claim 4, wherein the at least one imaging unit detects a center location of the substrate.
6. The method as recited in claim 1, further including detecting, by at least one imaging unit, positioning of the substrate to provide the second spatial relationship between the substrate and the mold assembly.
Abstract of Japanese Patent 4-148549.
Abstract of Japanese Patent 57-032629.
Abstract of Japanese Patent 57-153434.
Abstract of Japanese Patent 60-127935.
Leech et al., Reaction Ion Etching of Quartz and Glasses for Microfabrication, SPIE 3680, 839 (1999) Mar. 1, 1999.
McMackin et al., Design and Performance of a Step and Repeat Imprinting Machine, SPIE Microlithography Conference Feb. 1, 2003.
U.S. Appl. No. 11/242,628, naming Inventors Meissl et al., entitled An Assembly and Method for Transferring Imprint Lithography Templates, filed Oct. 3, 2005.
U.S. Appl. No. 11/303,777, naming Inventors Ganapthisubramanian et al., entitled Bifurcated Contact Printing Technique, filed Dec. 16, 2005.
U.S. Appl. No. 11/314,957, naming Inventors Sreenivasan et al., entitled Step and Repeat Imprint Lithography Systems, filed Dec. 21, 2005.
U.S. Appl. No. 11/625,082, naming Inventors Choi et al., entitled Patterning Substrates Employing Multiple Chucks, filed Jan. 19, 2007.
U.S. Appl. No. 11/694,500, naming Inventors Sreenivasan et al., entitled Imprinting of Partial Fields at the Edge of the Wafer, filed Mar. 30, 2007.
U.S. Appl. No. 11/694,612, naming Inventors Sreenivasan et al., entitled Tesselated Patterns in Imprint Lithography, filed Mar. 30, 2007.
U.S. Appl. No. 11/695,850, naming Inventors Sreenivasan et al., entitled Method of concurrently patterning a substrate having a plurality of fields and a plurality of alignment marks, filed Apr. 3, 2007.
Zeze et al., Reactive Ion Etching of Quartz and Pyrex for Microelectronic Applications, J.Appl. Phys. 92, 3624 (2002) Oct. 1, 2002.


Many of these are among my favorites, and all of them had an influence on Zounds!, if only to consider whether they would present any problems if you wanted to play something like them using the system.
Cook, Glen The Black Company; Garrett, P.I.
Moon, Elizabeth The Deed of Paksenarrion, etc.
Pierce, Tamora The Protector of the Small, etc.


It can happen in a flash.
Birmingham Attorney offering quality services at affordable rates in the areas of Family Law, Bankruptcy, Divorce, Estate Planning, Probate, Personal Injury, and more.
Chances are, everyone will need the services of a lawyer at some point in their lives. Whether it is drafting a will, acting as an executor or administrator of an estate, starting a small business, going through a divorce, or trying to get compensated for injuries, everyone will need the help of an attorney. The goal of A. B. Dunning, LLC is to develop a relationship with clients that will last a lifetime. We want to be with you down the road to help you with whatever opportunities or obstacles life presents you with.
We offer a full line of Estate Planning services including wills, trusts, and powers of attorney. Our Family Law Practice offers clients affordable rates for both contested and uncontested divorces as well as adoptions, prenuptial agreements, and child support and custody modifications. Our Bankruptcy practice offers some of the most affordable Chapter 7 rates in the Birmingham area with attorney fees starting at $850.
The law offices of Birmingham attorney A. B. Dunning, LLC provide quality legal services, to clients in Jefferson County and the surrounding areas at affordable rates. Our office is located on Highway 280 near the Red Mountain Expressway making it convenient to Homewood, Mountain Brook, Vestavia Hills, Hoover, and the greater Birmingham, Alabama area. Call 205-623-2930 today to set up an appointment to discuss your legal needs with an experienced attorney.
The law offices of A. B. Dunning, LLC provide quality legal services to clients in Jefferson County and the surrounding areas at affordable rates.
Adrian B. Dunning is honored to be listed as one of the top lawyers of Birmingham, AL according to b metro magazine, the magazne used the Avvo.com rating system to compile the list for 2016.
All debts of a potential Chapter 7 Bankruptcy debtor must be scrutinized to determine when the debt was incurred to prevent property from being subject to liquidation.


HON. JOHN JAY, ESQ., TO GOV. CASWELL.
New York, 23rd October, 1786.
In pursuance of an Order of Congress of the 9th August last, of which the enclosed Paper, No. 1, is a Copy, I have the honor of herewith transmitting to your Excellency the List directed in it. And which contains an Account of all the Negroes belonging to your State that appear to have been carried away by the British when they Evacuated this City.


You can not give more days to your life but you can give more life to every of your days." A few members wrote about why and in what way they want to be more mindful every day and how DAYCATCHER helps them to do so.
Perfect – or maybe not?
What is most important in life today?
Create your DAYCATCHER account now and start capturing your day today.


Skarpenord Corrosion a.s is a private owned limited company.
The company was until February 2003 a subsidary of Jotun A/S (Jotun Cathodic Protection). As from February 2003 the ownership of the company was transferred to a management group and the name of the company was changed back to the original name; Skarpenord Corrosion a.s.
Skarpenord Corrosion has been in the cathodic protection business for more than 50 years offering products and services to the offshore, industrial and marine markets.
Skarpenord Corrosion has been a supplier to the offshore market since the very beginning of exploration in the North Sea Region and has for more than 30 years supplied sacrificial anodes for subsea pipelines, steel jackets, concrete platforms, subsea templates, mobile drilling rigs, FPSO`s etc.
Skarpenord Corrosion has through the last 30 years supplied sacrificial anodes to most of the major oil companies, operators, construction companies, pipe coating contractors, etc. such as Statoil, Norsk Hydro, Phillips Petroleum Company, Conoco, Amoco, TotalFinaElf, Mobil, BP, Shell, Saudi Aramco, Bredero Shaw, Aker Kvaerner, Heerema, ETPM-McDermott, Stolt Offshore, Technip Offshore, etc.
Skarpenord Corrosion operates a full comprehensive Quality Assurance System that conforms with ISO 9001:2000 and which is certified by the certification body DNV.
Skarpenord Corrosion offers the full range of cathodic protection services and products for the offshore, industrial and marine markets comprising sacrificial anodes in zinc and aluminium alloys, grounding Equipment, cathodic protection engineering and design, inspection and service of CP systems.
The sacrificial aluminium and zinc anodes are manufactured by Skarpenord Corrosion in its own foundry in Fredrikstad, Norway.
At Skarpenord Corrosion`s foundry in Fredrikstad there are one aluminium and one zinc production line in operation. Both production lines have one melting furnace and two alloying furnaces.
In addition to the production lines, Skarpenord Corrosion has a total storage area of approxemately 4000 m2, a workshop for production of insert steels, bending of steel tubes and welding work. Chemical analysis of alloys cast are performed in the foundry`s own laboratory by the use of a Thermo Fisher ARL 4460 Optical emission spectrograph while electrochemical quality control testing is performed and reported by the third party laboratory DNV GL in Bergen, Norway.


Any way you could design a divider for each of the decks? (i.e. Monster, Loot, Treasures and characters) Looks awesome though!
Different designs or just different text at the top?
I absolutely love the idea of different separators for the different type of cards. Is this something you are considering`?
Sorry for the delayed reply. it is something i could look into though i'm not sure what designs to go with!
Say thanks by giving Ihasmagicka a tip and help them continue to share amazing Things with the Thingiverse community.
The Binding Of Isaac: Four Souls Card Divider by Ihasmagicka is licensed under the Creative Commons - Attribution license.
We're sure Ihasmagicka would love a Tip, but unfortunately they have not setup their accounts to receive them yet.


The Yoga teacher training is a balanced blend of all the skills needed to teach a well rounded Power Yoga class. You will gain the ability to infuse technical knowledge into your teaching in a way that is simple, yet effective in a language and context that will be accessible for your students. This will make your teaching powerful! It is a magical opportunity to empower yourself and others!
Save $500 if you are if you sign up and pay in full by the end of November.
What no one talks about is the friendships that are created, how self-assured and confident you become and how much fun we have!
This yoga teacher training will help you establish a solid foundation for your teaching in the years to come. It is a program that you can continually build on and grow from as a teacher and a person.
This program meets the Yoga Alliance 200-Hour Certification standards. While there is no state sanctioned certification for yoga teachers in the State of California or nationally, Yoga Alliance is recognized as the governing body for yoga in the United States and all of North America.
Enrollment is limited, get signed up today and reserve your space today!
You will almost magically start teaching your very 1st weekend!


Jack McDevitt's Chindi is a return to hard science fiction, firmly based on scientific principles and a sense of wonder about the vastness of space and the phenomena happening there.
The backdrop is that humanity has discovered a means for faster-than-light travel and has explored a significant portion of our galactic neighborhood, but hasn't found any intelligent alien species, only the remains of now-extinct civilizations. However, a mysterious signal is found, and a space ship is sent out to investigate where the signal may lead.
Chindi starts out very well as the Galactic Society heads out to discover the source and destination of the mysterious signal, and is populated with interesting people, but completely loses steam toward the end, with the story ending in a huge yawn with the great build-up in the end going nowhere.
The main problem with Chindi is that McDevitt creates a tantalizing riddle with the chindi itself, but then leaves the reader completely hanging as to its purpose and creators, making the mystery little more than a tease.
Chindi earns a 2 out of 5.


For more than 25 years, My Sister's Closet has been committed to positively impacting communities in Phoenix and San Diego. Call it karma, a tax deduction, paying it forward, guilt or whatever you want -- success that is shared can only bring about good things for everyone.
As our corporate giving continued to flourish, we decided to create our own official 501(c)3 charitable organization in 2015 called My Sisters' Charities. We really stretched on that name, huh?
In addition, we opened My Sisters' Charities Thrift Store, where 100% of net profits go back to non-profits in our community. Last year alone, My Sisters' Charities donated more than $136,000 back to the community. To learn more, please visit mysisterscharities.org.
And now, we are looking forward to our next 25 years in business by making a commitment to developing more sustainable business practices.
Since 1991 we've been the top destination for recycling all of your designer clothing and accessories. Sure, you've made some easy money in the process, but you've also helped the environment by finding a second home for these items instead of sending them to the landfill. But together we can do even more to positively impact our planet.
For example, we've already eliminated disposable water bottles from our entire organization. As 2017 progresses we will continue rolling out new initiatives, as part of our "Take the Pledge" campaign. For your dedication to our causes, we'll have fun giveaways and incentives to keep the goodwill going. So rally with us to help make our neighborhoods, country and planet better places to live!


Cream City Home Buyers is a local real estate investment firm and solutions company based out of Riverwest in Milwaukee, WI. We do our very best to provide win-win solutions to homeowners and help get them out of difficult situations by providing different selling options.
We have a few core principles that form the basis of what Cream City Home Buyers means to us as a company: We are always honest, always fair, and always transparent. If you're dealing with us, you will be treated fairly and with respect.
When you call Cream City Home Buyers, you will be speaking either directly with me or my assistant, and I will very quickly get back to you to either set up an appointment where I can provide an accurate and honest analysis of your situation and see if there's some way we can help.
We started the company in 2016 and based on our professionalism, sound principles, and good business practices, we've grown very quickly since, now helping dozens of homeowners solve their unique set of problems.
People often wonder what we do with the houses we buy. The answer is not always the same since every house and every circumstance is different, but I can say that our preferred real estate strategy is very simple: We buy houses, fix them up, and then rent them out at affordable rates. We take great pride in our properties and do our very best for the neighborhoods, communities, and tenants that we serve.
As we continually discover in this business, the houses we buy always turn into win-win situations for us and the property owner. Whether that person is going through a foreclosure, simply can't sell it on the market, has delinquent taxes, long lists of code violations, or inherited a property they can't deal with, we're here to help! And if we can't both walk away feeling happy, then it probably isn't going to work out for either of us.
Feel free to click here to learn how our process works or call anytime at (414) 488-0082.
Hello, and thank you for considering my company for the sale of your home.
We've come to realize, after dozens of real estate transactions, that few things are as personal as real estate, and sellers often want to know who the heck we are and how we got started doing what we do.
Years ago I went to UW Milwaukee and received two bachelors degrees, philosophy and psychology, and I always had a real mission to help, I just didn't know where or how that would come about.
With grim job prospects in the academic world and the reality of needing income for myself and my mother, an old family friend recommended I consider getting a real estate license. Without much planning, I did just that the a month or two later I started buying and selling houses. Now years later, I love what I do, and I'm very lucky to have found the opportunity to own and run a business that is based on helping people solve their unique problems.
Cream City Home Buyers is a business and project that I'm very passionate about, and as a team and business we are grateful to all the clients we have the opportunity to work with. Whether that happens to be you or not, we thank you!
Call Us Now at (414) 488-0082 or fill out the quick form below to get started.


text:
Petru Leucă (n. 19 iulie 1990) este un fotbalist din Republica Moldova care evoluează la clubul Dacia Chișinău pe postul de atacant.

Pe 14 februarie 2015 el a debutat la echipa națională de fotbal a Moldovei, intrând la schimb în repriza secundă în locul lui Gheorghe Boghiu, într-o înfrângere cu 1–2 cu  într-un meci amical din Aksu, Antalya, Turcia.

Referințe

Legături externe
Profil pe soccerway
Profil pe transfermarkt
Profil pe footballdatabase
Profil pe worldfootball.net
Profil pe uefa.com

Nașteri în 1990
Fotbaliști moldoveni
Fotbaliști internaționali moldoveni
Atacanți
Fotbaliști ai cluburilor din Republica Moldova
Fotbaliști ai cluburilor din Ucraina
Moldoveni în viață
Oameni din Chișinău

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Bid Writing, Bid Management, Bid Strategy, Bid Review
Independent Peer Review
Bid Training
Inclusion but on whose terms?
The Privilege of Silence
The Future of Work… the view from my boat
"That's not been my experience."
Building an Inclusive Culture…
Diversity and Inclusion – How do we harness intent so there is tangible impact?
Teaming up on the front line of diversity and inclusion
Supply chain for the win?
MD Monica Shortlisted for Northern Power Women Award
We're so proud to announce that our MD Monica Mwanje has been shortlisted in the "Outstanding Entrepreneur" category at the Northern Power Women Awards!
Northern Power Women was founded to make change for good through their community of 70,000 inspirational individuals. Over the last 6 years they have advanced gender equality and transformed organisational culture, propelled business growth and productivity in the UK from the North. They have worked alongside agents of change of all genders to showcase role models and encouraged everyone to champion gender balance throughout their communities.
In 2016, they launched the very first Northern Power Women Awards, to highlight the individuals who work tirelessly to create a fairer and more equal community.
The "Outstanding Entrepreneur" award is given to a business owner who is driven by their desire to grow and develop their organisation, whilst making a positive impact in their sector or community. Monica has been recognised for her work within MMCS – growing and transforming businesses, in particular with the provision of inclusion training and consultancy – as well as co-founder of both Inclusion and Diversity in Nuclear and Grassroots Graduates.
The winners are announced on 21 March in Manchester.
April 2016 Newsletter
© MM Creative Solutions Limited 2016 - 2022
54 St James Street
L1 0AB.
Privacy Notice |

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I attended Georgia Southern University where I received a dual major in History & Political Science. I completed my education degree at Mercer University in Atlanta, GA.
I have taught for 15 years, and this is my fourth year at Wando High School.
My classes will be located in the Center for Advanced Studies building, room J217.
*STUDENTS--To access/see this class, you will need to create a Google Classroom account. See Mrs. Betsill for class codes.


text:
Bucket List Events
2020 Tokyo Summer Games
2022 Beijing Winter Games
Soccer »
Comic-Con San Diego
Macy's Thanksgiving Parade
Presidential Inauguration
Home Sporting Events Champions League Final 2020
Champions League Final 2020
Istanbul, Turkey . May 29-31, 2020 - 3 days
Once again the team absolutely delivered an unforgettable experience. This is the second time we used this organization and they continue to impress.
Ashley Howerton
Talk to expert - (866) 418-1063
After a year-long season and 78 teams, it all comes down to this: Champions League Final 2020
The UEFA Champions League Final is among the world's most-watched annual sporting events, drawing hundreds of millions of viewers from around the globe each year. And for good reason! After a nearly year-long tournament season, a total of 78 club teams is whittled down to the two very best. It's the final match of the largest club soccer tournament in the world, so stakes are high and the excitement is unforgettable!
Arsenal V Manchester United: Football Fans: Champions League 2009
We'll help you get great tickets
The 2013 final in London. FC Bayern prevailed over Borussia Dortmund.
Now in its 65th season, the Champions League Final 2020 is to be held at Atatürk Olympic Stadium in Istanbul, Turkey on May 30, 2020. Pack your face paints, banners, and team jerseys, and get ready for one of the most anticipated games in international soccer. Root for your favorite team in the gorgeous and fascinating city of Istanbul. Don't miss this chance to experience one of the world's greatest sporting events in one of Europe's most exotic cities.
Tapas, anyone?
See the real thing
Famous produce
So fresh and so green
Drinks to remember
The Spanish capital has something for everyone
You fly there, we take care of the rest! All Bucket List Events packages to the Champions League Final 2020 include:
4-star accommodations at the Dosso Dossi Hotels Old City
Category 1 Seating with hospitality
Match transportation to/from Atatürk Olympic Stadium for the game
Bucket List Events – CLF Party (dinner and drinks included)
Daily breakfast at the hotel
On-site assistance from English-speaking guides
Taxes and fees included
We are happy to announce our 4-star hotel for Champions League Final 2020 travelers – Dosso Dossi Hotels Old City! When you travel with Bucket List Events, you can expect to be staying in a comfortable and convenient hotel in the middle of all the action. And this year we didn't disappoint. You'll spend 2-nights in the Sultanahmet district. Centrally located in Istanbul, your hotel is within walking distance of historic sites and the tram station. Plus, the property features include a Turkish bath, sauna, and fitness center.
Complete the form to your right for information on hotels in Istanbul!
Game Day Hospitality
Included in your package is our exclusive hospitality areas! It opens 3 hours before kickoff and doesn't close until 1.5 hours after the match. Our Game Day Hospitality includes local and international cuisine as well as champagne, fine wines, beers, and soft drinks. Guests will also enjoy live entertainment and a pre- and post-match tv feed. You'll experience an exciting atmosphere with football fans at the biggest game of the year.
Pricing – Book early and save!
• Before February 15, 2020, our Early Bird Rate is only $6990 per person (based on availability).
• After February 15, 2020, our regular rate is $7990 per person.
*Pricing is per person based on double or triple occupancy.
• Triple occupancy is based on availability
• Room Types – singles, twins, or triples
• We do not provide your airfare to Istanbul. We take over once you arrive in the host city.
• Single occupancy: $2000 surcharge
• Extra Nights (can be pre- or post-package dates)
• $295 per night (single or double occupancy)
• $395 per night (triple occupancy)
Thanks to Rich & the team at Bucket List Events for our amazing time in Kyiv for the 2018 Champions League final. We will use them again in the future.
Brett Charrington, travelled in 2018
Ashley Howerton, travelled in 2018
The team at Bucket List Events saved my bacon when my son and I wanted to go to the 2018 Champions League Final in Kiev. The logistics of arranging the tickets, accommodation and ground transport for such an event can be harrowing if 'going it alone', to say the least (we tried!). When we found out about Bucket List Events they made it entirely stress-free. The whole package - top-notch seats at the stadium, accommodation in the perfect location, airport transfers and guided tour of the city was brilliant. My only regret was we missed the traditional Ukrainian meal arranged by Bucket List Events on the first night due to our late arrival!
Steve Wilkins, travelled in 2018
Our dedicated event experts have been organizing ticketing and tours for international sporting events for decades, so feel free to reach out. There's no question they can't answer!
Champions League Sales Expert
Call Brian
Rich Beard
Champions League Event Manager
Call Rich
Get Pricing Updates
The Masters Experience
Oktoberfest, Munich
Travel Agent Partnerships
Group & Corporate Specials
Partnerships:


I'm creating normal CDialog and show it by DoModal(). Problem is that I need to know if user click rigth mouse button OUT of this dialog.
I try with SetCapture(). This is work, but mouse events not come to my controls in dialog, nc elements ect..
I don't want a solution without DoModal() (create->Show). Will be the best if window is modal.
Wakeup in the morning and kick the day in the teeth!! Or something like that.
"i don't want to write leak free code or most efficient code, like others traditional (so called expert) coders do."
if SetCapture is not enough for you, consider using the ::SetWindowsHookEx(..) with WH_MOUSE to capture mouse events.
If a post helped you dont forget to "Rate This Post"
::SetWindowsHookEx(..) with WH_MOUSE - is exacly this same problem. I can detect all WM_RBUTTONDOWN in whole application WITHOUT this clicks what I need - out of modal dialog.
i dont really understand what trying to do.
2) or block it in your hook function in order to avoid windows flashing.
I have in my application modal dialog. My costumer in his program close a dialogs by click right button in this dialog or out of dialog, but his dialogs are not modal, so he just check if in any place of application come button click (not important in dialog or in main application window).
This what I want is create this same funcjonality, but with modal dialogs. So I need information, that user click out of dialog (in main application window space).
If I use SetCapture for dialog I have this funcionality, but mouse click in control not make result (dialog have a mouse and not propagete this events to controls). This same problem with "NCCLICK" i.e. click in cross for close application.
but I havn't this "beep" if I click out of modal dialog (in main application window).
I'm writing a modal dialog witch is working like a combobox. So I have to capture the outside mouse click and close the dialog.


Prices below include Gildan Softstyle t-shirts, all setup and VAT.
For 1000+ quantities or a specific quote / mixed garments please call or email the team.
PLEASE EMAIL YOUR DESIGN, GARMENT COLOUR AND SIZE BEREAKDOWN TO HELLO@THELIVEINKCO.COM. ONCE RECEIVED AND ARTWORK IS CHECKED WE WILL SEND CONFIRMATION AND PAYMENT DETAILS.
For prices on sweaters, hoodies, tote bags, jackets, vests, long sleeve t-shirts and alternative brand t-shirts such as Continental Clothing, B&C, Bella Canvas, Gildan, AWDis and more click the links below.
Your order can be made up of a mix of different t-shirt sizes and colours.
You are welcome to collect your order from our HQ in Bristol otherwise delivery will be arranged by next day courier once your order is printed and ready to go.
You are welcome to provide your own garments however this will alter the print & set up costs and a minimum print cost of £1 + vat per garment will be charged.
For orders below 500 garments there is a £5 charge if we need to change the colour of the ink on the screen.


text:
Health & Science / Mens Sleep / Parenting
How to Tell a Bedtime Story That Puts Children to Sleep
Bedtime stories can help kids settle down for sleep, but they can't overcome a calamitous bedtime routine.
By Matthew Utley
The bedtime story is a long-established tradition for many families. It is often (along with unsolicited requests for water and unnecessary bathroom trips) the last recourse for kids trying to escape the clutches of sleep, but, when told properly, stories can help relax children and shorten the path to slumber. For this to happen, books and even freewheeling narratives need to be presented in the context of a soothing bedtime routine, with lights turned down, no electronics nearby, little distraction. After that, it's all about the reading.
Reading for bedtime is necessarily different than reading for fun and health. Parents should read with their kids as often as possible; it's how kids learn to love reading and it creates a moment of what sociologists call "shared gaze," which is great for bonding and information retention. It excites and engages them. But reading for sleep is designed to calm children down. Parents could opt for the neuro-linguist programming of The Rabbit Who Wants to Fall Asleep, but an even, calm delivery can achieve the same result. So, unlike reading for fun, reading for sleep should be an affirming, repetitive experience.
"Stories with too much action or suspense can cause children to become too invested or hyped up. They can even produce anxiety," says Chris Brantner, a certified sleep science coach. "Not to mention that action-packed stories require the reader to change vocal tones too often, which can kill the calming mood you're aiming for."
How to Read a Toddler to Sleep
Establish a routine – turn off screens, skip sweets and turn the lights down low before bed.
Choose a book without twists or turns, or with low-stakes conflicts that are fully resolved by the end.
Read low, slow, and even. The more dramatic or exciting a voice or gesture, the more energetic the child becomes.
Avoid LED and other stark "blue" lights for reading; orange lights are much more soothing.
Bedtimes stories that end in cliffhangers, or put the main characters in peril, are probably too exhilarating for bedtime. Low-stakes conflicts and neat resolutions can keep a child interested instead of bored, but not so excited that it's counterproductive.
A slow, even tone – just this side of sonorous – can help a child relax. (If you want to figure out how to do this from the masters, look up ASMR videos on YouTube. Scientists have not yet proven that ASMR is a real phenomenon, but the videos are inarguably calming.) The entire process should be geared for low energy. Excited hand gestures or facial reactions can be as stimulating as an excited tone of voice. Even the kind of lighting parents use to read can affect bedtime. LED reading lights are too harsh and too blue; in addition to being bright and stimulating, they can inhibit melatonin production and make it more difficult to fall asleep. Orange light is much better to condition the body for sleep, and it's okay to turn the lights down low – not so low that it's a strain to read the pages, but low enough to maintain that atmosphere of relaxation.
The whole point of a bedtime routine is, well, the routine. From birth, kids learn what to expect from bedtime and sleep, and any deviation is interesting, if not downright stressful. Repetition is comforting, and comfortable kids sleep better. Just like singing a lullaby to a baby, a story for a toddler should be familiar and soothing.
"Routines are key for children," says Bratner. "When they know what to expect, they will be more likely to behave accordingly."
More From Health & Science
Health & Science 10 Birth Videos That Offer an Uncensored Look at Delivering a Baby
Health & Science What Makes a Penis Attractive to Women? Science Suggests Proportions Matter.
Health & Science 21 Simple Ways to Keep Your Unvaccinated Kid Safe Right Now
Health & Science What Men See When They Look at Boobs, According to Science
Health & Science The Death of a Parent Affects Even Grown Children Psychologically and Physically
Health & Science The Scientific Reason Your Penis Is Getting Smaller


text:
Marilyn's Mystery Reads
Book reviews by Marilyn Brooks
Book Review List
Past Masters and Mistresses
Contact Marilyn
Get Blog Posts Via Email
Archives Select Month January 2023 December 2022 November 2022 October 2022 September 2022 August 2022 July 2022 June 2022 May 2022 April 2022 March 2022 February 2022 January 2022 December 2021 November 2021 October 2021 September 2021 August 2021 July 2021 June 2021 May 2021 April 2021 March 2021 February 2021 January 2021 December 2020 November 2020 October 2020 September 2020 August 2020 July 2020 June 2020 May 2020 April 2020 March 2020 February 2020 January 2020 December 2019 November 2019 October 2019 September 2019 August 2019 July 2019 June 2019 May 2019 April 2019 March 2019 February 2019 January 2019 December 2018 November 2018 October 2018 September 2018 August 2018 July 2018 June 2018 May 2018 April 2018 March 2018 February 2018 January 2018 December 2017 November 2017 October 2017 September 2017 August 2017 July 2017 June 2017 May 2017 April 2017 March 2017 February 2017 January 2017 December 2016 November 2016 October 2016 September 2016 August 2016 July 2016 June 2016 May 2016 April 2016 March 2016 February 2016 January 2016 December 2015 November 2015 October 2015 September 2015 August 2015 July 2015 June 2015 May 2015 April 2015 March 2015 February 2015 January 2015 December 2014 November 2014 October 2014 September 2014 August 2014 July 2014 June 2014 May 2014 April 2014 March 2014 February 2014 January 2014 December 2013 November 2013 October 2013 September 2013 August 2013 July 2013 June 2013 May 2013 April 2013 March 2013 February 2013 January 2013 December 2012 November 2012 October 2012 September 2012 August 2012 July 2012 June 2012 May 2012 April 2012 March 2012 February 2012 January 2012 December 2011 November 2011 October 2011 September 2011 August 2011 July 2011 June 2011 May 2011 April 2011 March 2011 February 2011 January 2011 December 2010 November 2010 October 2010 September 2010 August 2010 July 2010 June 2010 May 2010 April 2010 March 2010 February 2010
Book Author: Alex Findlay
EVERY LAST FEAR by Alex Finlay: Book Review
March 12th, 2021 | Author: Marilyn Brooks
One could hardly imagine a more typical family than the Pines of Nebraska. Father, mother, three sons, a daughter. So what catastrophe could have left only two of them alive?
The event that precipitated the tragedies began several years before the novel opens. Danny, the oldest of the Pine children, was a high school football star at a party with his girlfriend Charlotte. Then everyone, including Danny, started drinking and everything got out of control. There was a fight, Charlotte fled, and she was found dead along the river the next day. Danny was arrested, confessed to her murder, and sentenced to life in prison.
The book opens with Matt, the second oldest son, being summoned to his dorm room at NYU by his dorm's resident assistant. There, FBI Agent Sarah Keller gives him the heartbreaking news that his parents, sister, and younger brother have died in an apparent accident in Mexico. Details are scarce, she informs him, but it appears to have been a faulty gas leak in a cottage they were renting in the resort town of Tulun.
Matt is stunned, needless to say, by the deaths of his parents and siblings. His last contact from them was a text from his sister a few days earlier, but nothing since. And now Agent Keller wants him to visit his brother in prison and give him the horrendous news personally. Matt protests that he hasn't seen Danny in years because that's the way his brother wants it, but he finally relents and the two brothers meet for the first time since Danny's imprisonment.
Agent Keller tells Matt that the Mexican authorities are making a fuss about releasing the bodies to anyone but a family member, and obviously that means Matt. So he flies to Tulun, but nothing goes as it should.
Every Last Fear is written in several voices–Matt's, Agent Keller's, Matt's father Evan's, and his sister Maggie's. Evan Pine is the family member most obsessed by his son's imprisonment. He is convinced that Danny was coerced by the local police force into confessing, and the case became a national cause celebre when it was made into a documentary. Danny's defense was first mounted by an inexperienced local lawyer, then by other attorneys, finally reaching the Supreme Court, but his conviction was not overturned.
So when Evan gets a text with a photo that appears to be of Charlotte in a bar in Tulun, he feels it's his final opportunity to find out the truth and free his son. That led to the family's fatal trip to Mexico and opened a Pandora's Box of questions about the truth of Charlotte's death.
Every Last Fear is a breathtaking thriller, with a plot that will keep you reading to the last page. Power, privilege, mistakes–they're all there and all believably realistic and skillfully drawn.
Alex Finlay is the pseudonym of the author, and at this time not even his/her gender has been revealed. You can read more about him/her in an excellent discussion of the novel at this website.
Check out the complete Marilyn's Mystery Reads at her website. In addition to book review posts, there are sections featuring Golden Oldies, Past Masters and Mistresses, and an About Marilyn column that features her opinions about everything to do with mystery novels.
Posted in Book Reviews | No Comments »
Copyright © 2023 Marilyn's Mystery Reads. All Rights Reserved.
Blogging by WordPress - Theme Created by business wordpress themes in partnership with lenovo u110


text:
Q: What is best approach for Storing data into MySQL after Parsing XML file using SAX Parser? I have student.xml file and am parsing this file using SAX Parser and now I need to store data into MySQL Database and so what approach is recommended.
Code:
package sax;

    import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
    import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;

    import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
    import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
    import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;

    public class ReadXML extends DefaultHandler{

        public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) throws SAXException {
            String s =new String(ch, start, length);
            if(s.trim().length()>0) {
                System.out.println("    Value: "+s);
            }
        }

        public void startDocument() throws SAXException {
            System.out.println("Start document");
        }

        public void endDocument() throws SAXException {
            System.out.println("End document");
        }

        public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String name,
                Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
            System.out.println("start element : "+name);

        }

        public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String name) throws SAXException {
            System.out.println("end element");
        }

        public static void main(String[] args) {
            ReadXML handler = new ReadXML();

            try {
                SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();

                SAXParser saxParser = factory.newSAXParser();

                saxParser.parse("student.xml", handler);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

    }

A: I would create a set of tables that represent the data contained in students.xml and then populate them as you parse the data.

A: You might be able to directly store the XML into the DB. Many DB packages have the functionality that allows for XML formated data to be inserted into the appropriate spots in the database. I believe that PostGres and MS-SQL can do it.
There is existing functionality to do this in MySQL. See here

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Police on Monday said an autopsy identified the woman as 46-year-old Jamie A. Wilson of Shelburn.
She died Saturday night after being taken to Sullivan County Community Hospital from the Sullivan County Jail. Sullivan city police had arrested her that morning on suspicion of driving while intoxicated.
State police say the cause and manner of Wilson's death is pending toxicology results. They say there was no indication that the woman had harmed herself at the jail.


text:
Can Exercise Cure Anxiety?
Most of the clients I see are reticent to take medication. Either they're worried about side effects, don't want to pay the money, or have had a bad experience with it. This is understandable. Medication for anxiety can be a powerful tool in recovering from anxiety, but it's certainly not the only way, especially considering that exercise often outperforms medication in anxiety treatment.
Why would that be? One theory is that exercise affects the neurotransmitters in our brains that contribute to anxiety. For example, researchers at the University of California
at Davis Medical Center found that exercise increased the level of the neurotransmitters glutamate and GABA, both of which are depleted in the brains of patients with depression and anxiety.
Beyond neurotransmitters, think of it logically. Humans are animals. We're meant to move. Animals get anxious and depressed if they don't move. (Think of a dog who has been crated all day. Do they act their best? Nope!) The past few generations are the first generations in history that sit most of the day. No wonder anxiety has skyrocketed. Our human animal selves are in a very unnatural state behind a desk or on a couch staring at a screen.
So there's a lot of evidence (and common sense) to suggest that some people can exercise their way to calm. But what about the people I see in my clinic who are avid runners and cyclists and still struggle? The opposite is true too. Chronic exercise that over-taxes or depletes the body can worsen anxiety. I see this often in women who run marathons or do a lot of hot yoga. They have very little body fat, their hormones are out of whack, and they're anxious as all get out. (They look great, but who cares if you're crying and anxious all day?) So keep it in check. Just like too much medication can make you a zombie, too much exercise can make you feel nuts. Everything in balance!
The Anxiety and Depression Association of America suggests the following for combatting anxiety with exercise:
5 X 30: Jog, walk, bike, or dance three to five times a week for 30 minutes.
Set small daily goals and aim for daily consistency rather than perfect workouts. It's better to walk every day for 15-20 minutes than to wait until the weekend for a three-hour fitness marathon. Lots of scientific data suggests that frequency is most important.
Find forms of exercise that are fun or enjoyable. Extroverted people often like classes and group activities. People who are more introverted often prefer solo pursuits.
Distract yourself with an iPod or other portable media player to download audiobooks, podcasts, or music. Many people find it's more fun to exercise while listening to something they enjoy.
Recruit an "exercise buddy." It's often easier to stick to your exercise routine when you have to stay committed to a friend, partner, or colleague.
Be patient when you start a new exercise program. Most sedentary people require about four to eight weeks to feel coordinated and sufficiently in shape so that exercise feels easier.
That said, if traditional exercise like running or biking or weights isn't your thing, don't despair. Mayo Clinic says that any movement that gets your heart rate up counts as exercise and can help squash anxiety. I've seen countless clients pick up yoga or even light walking with friends (or even WiiFit!) who have reduced their anxiety dramatically.
So what's my verdict? Based on what I've seen, exercise or movement of any form is a MUST if you want to overcome anxiety. Addressing the underlying causes of your anxiety with an experienced anxiety therapist is essential too. But these two things together are really a 1-2 punch. It may not be that exercise can 100% cure anxiety, but you'd be hard pressed to find a person who successfully treated their anxiety naturally without incorporating movement in their lives in some way.
#exerciseandanxiety #anxietycure
Anxiety Looks Different in Men
Anxious Parents, Teach Your Children Well
Bibliotherapy: The Best Books for Anxiety
An Anxiety Resolution
Addiction and Anxiety
Anxiety After Tragedy
Lonely with an Anxiety Disorder
Procrastination and Anxiety
Don't believe what you think!
How the Body Shows Anxiety


text:
WPVI (ABC)
Pat Toomey
American Fed'n of St/Cnty/Munic Employees
Action News 5PM : WPVI : May 9, 2016 5:00pm-6:01pm EDT
May 9, 2016 05/16
by WPVI
london and tokyo. next, toomey moved to hong kong to work with wealthy chinese investors. in the senate, it's no surprise toomey's been siding with wall street. voting to allow banks to continue making the risky investments that wrecked our economy. afscme people is responsible for the content of this ad.
Action News 5PM : WPVI : May 24, 2016 5:00pm-6:01pm EDT
wheeler-dealer overseeing stock trades in new york, london and tokyo. next, toomey moved to hong kong to work with wealthy chinese investors. in the senate, it's no surprise toomey's been siding with wall street. voting to allow banks to continue making the risky investments that wrecked our economy. afscme people is responsible for the content of this ad. youthat's why you drink ensure. sidelined. with 9 grams of protein and 26 vitamins and minerals.


text:
Curated Collections: Celebrating Family
Shaolin Barid, Outreach Manager|November 6, 2019
Lilo and Stitch in the 2002 Disney's 42nd animated film.
As we welcome November, we await cherishable time with family to capture new memories together. Every family shares a unique way of communication and struggle and that is meant to be celebrated through understanding each other. Through my following film picks, I can assure you that you will be encouraged to reflect on your own family dynamic and treasure the relationships built from within. As it comes time to go home for the holidays and reconnect with family and friends, it's also time to remember your roots and acknowledge how your family has shaped your individuality. Here are some memorable, heartfelt films to enjoy with your family:
"Skeleton Twins"
Dir. by Craig Johnson
Bill Hader as Milo Dean in "Skeleton Twins."
Indie filmmaker Craig Johnson introduces SNL alum Bill Hader (left) and Kristen Wiig as reunited twins (Milo and Maggie, respectively) in a fascinating story that portrays their dramatic and comedic range.
Their reunion is an exemplary take on how family, despite bringing out the ugly truth within one another, can always serve as the strongest support system one can ever have in life.
Viewers admire Hader and Wiig's on-screen chemistry as siblings as it is unfolded that many of their scenes together are ad-libbed and magnified through their own comedic timing and complex character depth.
Dir. by Valerie Faris & Jonathan Dayton
This widely recognized, multi-nominated and awarded film needs a revisitation considering how strongly it hones in on the sense of self in a family. Not only does this film relay the important message that success is not as important as happiness, but also it is the perfect film to enjoy while reminiscing with your family. As great as this is for a cozy movie night get together, it will make you bawl your eyes out, and be grateful that your family is there for you through all your self-discovery!
"Look at us now, Mother!"
Dir. by Gayle Kirschenbaum
Gayle Kirschenbaum (right) with her mother (left) in the documentary, "Look at us now, Mother!"
This tremendously insightful documentary about a woman, Gayle (middle), and her complicated relationship with her mother shows viewers their interesting journey as they reminisce about past memories and family history. Gayle's essayistic and participatory take on her childhood –– through videos, family photos and emotional stories –– allows viewers to be immersed in their family nature of witty remarks, strong personalities and their spirited direction toward new beginnings. This documentary encourages readers to think of their parents as human beings before anything else because it is never too late to rebuild a rocky relationship. Not only do viewers understand the need to commemorate and remember good memories, but also to learn from and appreciate the bad memories.
Dir. by Chris Sanders & Dean DeBlois
This extraordinary Disney classic is worth revisiting as you travel back home to your childhood memories. It highlights the importance of supporting each other as a family –– no matter how broken it may seem. With Lilo's (right) unconventionally adorable personality shining a bright light in the midst of lackluster social norms, it is undeniable how fun it is to watch this film.
This all-time favorite animated film sends out a wholesome message: "Ohana means family. Family means no one gets left behind," and is a great movie to watch anytime with anyone.
Dir. by Orlando von Einsiedel
This heartfelt documentary will take you on a breathtaking journey through Scotland along the hiking pathways in memory of Evelyn, the brother of documentary film director Orlando. Along the trip, Orlando is joined by his siblings, parents and Evelyn's best friends who openly converse about the tragedy 13 years after Evelyn's death. They remember Evelyn's life and his death and open an important conversation about his mental illness and suicide. This particular family acknowledges the importance of communication and teaches viewers that family is meant to be a unit. Pain is shared and no one should ever go through something so tragic alone.
shaolin barid
John Mulaney's new Netflix special marks a delightful end to the decade
It's the End of the 2010s as We Know It
NYC's Alimama Tea
The Ambitious Irishman
Save This Romantic Comedy for "The Knight Before Christmas"
Coffee Conversations: From Roomates to Sisters
Summer Walker Releases New Music Despite Cancelled Tour
Chappell Players Put On A Cabaret for Charity
Harry Styles Debuts "Watermelon Sugar"
The Newest Streaming Platform: Disney+


Just in time for Spring Break, I'm teaming up with Lavo Collections at the Hill Country Galleria to have a Sunless Tanning Party on Wednesday, March 11 from 2-7pm. Come in and get a glamorous sunless tan and be ready to go on Spring Break. All tans are $35 (reg. $45) for this special event. We are now pre-booking for the event. Once the pre-booking is filled, we will be accepting walk-ins in between booked appointments. To guarantee your spot, pre-book today. Norvell Sunless tans last between 5-7 days, up to 10-14 days if you use ProLong or Venetian ProLong Sunless Tan Extender.
Chloe + Isabel Birthstone Bulk Order Now- Feb. 27th.
Just in time for Spring Break and Spring Birthdays, I'm doing a Birthstone Bulk Order. I'll take care of the shipping and sales tax and you get amazing studs for yourself and loved ones. Don't like your birthstone? Choose another stone that fits you. My most popular selling studs are the topaz, opal, and amethyst. All the birthstones are $22. Bonus, everyone that orders will be entered to win $50 jewelry credit.
This is to pay $10 for the Shop Steiner Swag Bag that will be distributed via the HOA's New Owner Wine Parties. Please note your business name and contact info in the comments section. After the bags are purchased any left over funds will be used to buy candy, etc. to put into the bags.
Thank you for supporting my idea.


"Scouts must be able to find their way equally well by night as by day."
Scouting for Boys, p. 64.
Night work of various kinds is of considerable value in Scouting, but primarily it is a matter for older Scouts and Rover Scouts rather than for Tenderfoots. It has, however, an appeal to the boys themselves as being more adventurous, and this appeal should not be disregarded.
Advice in regard to Night Work is given on pages 64 and 65 of Scouting for Boys, on Night Scouting on pages 133 and i3q., and on Night Stalking on pages 159 and I 6o. This advice mentions most of the special difficulties which will confront Scouts who are moving about at night, and suggests some means of overcoming them. These suggestions provide a program of initial training in night work. Other practices for night work are suggested in Chapter VIII of Training in Tracking. It will be found that various blindfold games-played indoors and outdoors during the day time-will help some boys to overcome their dread of the dark. Boys who have that dread--4nduced generally by silly tales or by being frightened when quite young-must be treated very carefully and be gradually trained to realize that the dark is not so frightening after all. On no account should they be sent out into the dark on their own, at home or in camp. In camp half an hour's night walking with the rest of the Patrol will be quite enough practice to start with.
In towns night work is easier, and a great deal can be done through treasure-hunts and man-hunts to occupy a fine winter's night. The Shop Window Game (Scouting for Boys, p. 135) can be played at night, although it may seem to some a very small beginning. Practice can also be given after dark in Scout's Pace and in Patrol movements. All this does not amount to very much, but it is a beginning, and Scouts must be accustomed to night work before being required to take part in any Wide Game at night. After the Scouts are more accustomed to moving in the dark Night Patrolling (Scouting for Bays, p. 73) can be brought into play, together with a certain amount of road patrolling and outpost work. In camp certain Patrols can be detailed to develop a night attack on the camp, the number of attackers being double the number of defenders. An attack can be foiled if the beam of an electric torch is shone directly on any of the attackers. A game of this kind entails careful umpiring and strict obedience to the umpire's orders and decisions.
Many of the Wide Games practiced during the day can be utilized as night games, after slight modifications -especially in areas-have been made. " Occupying the Thicket " (p. 93) would, for instance, afford good practice in Scouting in the dark. Six night games are detailed in Chapter VIII of Scouting Games ; an article on " Night Scouting Exercises " in The.. Scouter for March 1926 also contains several games. In a normal Troop one night exercise during the summer camp would be quite sufficient, and in any case such exercise should cease by 11 p.m.
Apart from all question of games it will be found that a lot of useful and interesting Scouting can be got out of pathfinding by night, when Scouts in pairs can guide themselves to a certain fixed point by compass and the stars. In the country a low hill-top provides a suitable objective.
It seems to be necessary, too, to say a word about Wide Games during the winter months. Five games in the snow are given in Chapter IX of Scouting Games, but snow is not essential to the playing of games in the open in winter.
will enjoy it as much as I did when you take it up "
(Scouting for Boys, p. 78).
He then proceeds to give a description of a Whale Hunt which provides a very enjoyable and energetic Wide Game on the water. Chapter X of Scouting Games contains the descriptions of four other seamanship games. In Chapter IX of Sea Scouts will be found other suggestive games and some advice an their playing. The last paragraph of that Chapter contains an injunction which must be obeyed by all Scouts taking part in any water game " In any water game it is vitally necessary to take every life-saving precaution possible (see P.O.R.). A bathing picket is essential, a life-line must be available, and the number, of Scouters and Rover Scouts acting as judges must be such that any part of the course can be reached quickly (in a boat, if necessary) by someone in authority."
Provided all the necessary precautions are observed there is no reason why an ordinary land Scout Troop should not indulge in the excitement of a water game from time to time. Such games should afford a good opportunity for Land and Sea Scout Troops to come together more frequently than they sometimes do. It would be a mistake always to let the Sea Scouts enact the part of Smugglers and the others that of Preventive-men. It would be much better to mingle both on the same side so that those landlubbers who were acting as Smugglers could be given a certain amount of boat work, say, under Sea Scout supervision and guidance. Inland lakes and waterways, including , can also provide valuable material for the introduction of a certain amount of water work--fording, swimming, rafts, boats, bridging, etc. Convoys can be sent by water as well as by road, while streams can form the basis of an exploring game. It will be found that the majority of games actually played on the sea will fall under the cordon-breaking and the treasure-hunt types; descriptions of both these types appear in Sea Scouts.


I read Marco after I finished reading All for One in the Sky Ghosts series (thanks to the author). And I had no choice but to finish it in one sitting. The book kept me hooked on till the end.
Though titled as Marco, this book focuses on Pain and Marco (Better explained as if it is not Marco's personal views, then its Pain's thought about Marco!!!) Right from their introduction till the end of the book, Alexandra takes you on a journey into the lives of these two characters.
At one point, this book makes you feel that you are right there inside the book, like an onlooker, watching the antics of Pain and Marco. You will laugh with them, at them, you will cheer them when they fight. Alexandra has this ability to get her readers involved.
What appears to be hate at first sight, is later the very foundation of a strong friendship. They are the perfect example for the scientific theory, unlike poles attract. Now to think about, isn't it stragely true that the best of friends are actually those who begin on a wrong note???
I wish I could bring out in detail what I loved about it (which is everything!!!), but if I do so, I will be named a spoil sport. One needs to read this book in order to embark on a journey into the life of these Sky Ghosts.
By the way, many of these Sky Ghosts are teenagers, and the way they fight the Beasts, many an adult would shudder. Doesnt it sound ironical when we label teenagers as wanderers without real purpose???
To sum up, the essence of this book is best understood if you have read All for One (though it is an excellent story even when read in isolation!!!) So allow Marco to enter your lives and help you explore the world of Sky Ghosts.
P.S- If you thought All For One is good, then Marco is even better.


Having secure footing on ice and snow allows you to really relax and enjoy your walks, even when it is slippery outside. Slip them onto your shoes to minimise the risk of falling and injury. If you're into jogging then you can continue with this sport without concern as most of our ice grips can even be used for running.
Keep your ice-grippers in trim for a safe non-slip winter. 4-pack. CE-marked.
Prevent fall injuries, replace your worn out studs regularly. 4-pack.