text:
Philippines Reviewing the Visiting Forces Agreement
The Philippines should conduct the negotiations with respect to the revision of the Visiting Forces Agreement (VFA), mindful of the shifts in the global balance of power, the full range of threats to our security, and all the options to extend security, including economic interests
Since the signing of the VFA in 1999, there have been strategic developments both in Asia and elsewhere, and shifts in the axis of power.
The so-called "US pivot to Asia" is a reaction to these changes taking
Historically, the US pivot to Asia may be said to have begun in the 19th century when the United States invaded the Philippine Islands during the Spanish American War of 1898. This conflict recorded the first misunderstanding between the Americans and Filipinos, which led to the Philippine American War.
Commodore George Dewey denied that he had struck a deal with President Emilio Aguinaldo for Philippine support for the American invasion of the Walled City of Manila. At that time, international law was defined as the body of rules binding upon "civilized states" in their relations with one another. The Philippines did not qualify as a subject of international law, with rights and duties under this law. This is the background for the famous anecdote of President William McKinley praying to God, and deciding thereafter to annex the Philippines.
Clearly, the renegotiation of the VFA provides the occasion to establish a clear understanding of the scope and conditions for the visits of US naval vessels, planes and troops to the Philippines on a proposed "rotational basis."
This occasion also provides the opportunity for the Philippines to re-visit the Mutual Defense Treaty (MDT) with the United States, on which the VFA is based, and to address the issues on which there has been dissatisfaction on the part of critics of this treaty. These include the issue that the MDT does not provide for automatic operation of the treaty in case of an attack on the Philippines as in the case of the NATO treaty, that the defense treaty is not clear on whether it provides protection for the islands and rocks outside the Philippines' archipelagic baselines but within its Economic Exclusive Zone (EEZ), and that the said treaty has not been of sufficient help with respect to the modernization of the Armed Forces of the Philippines.
At the outset, it should be pointed out that the VFA signed in 1999 covered only visits approved by the Philippine Government.
Nevertheless, as the USA is the world's superpower, the Philippines should be mindful of a number of scenarios that could take place, given the tensions in areas near the Philippines. What will happen, for example, should the United States launch a military strike against Iran in the Gulf or against North Korea in the Korean peninsula and the Philippines should opt to stay out of the conflict? Under international law, the Philippines would have obligations as a neutral state not to allow its territory to be used as a staging point.
The Philippines has a special concern with what happens in the Middle East, the Gulf, and the Korean peninsula. It has a big diaspora in countries in all of these potential conflict areas, and this gives the Philippines a global reach.
A scenario closer to home is conflict taking place in the Taiwan Straits although this scenario is not likely, given the improved relations between China and Taiwan.
In the past, the presence of the US 7th Fleet impeded the invasion of Taiwan from the Chinese mainland. If war should break out in the Taiwan Straits, and the United States intervenes, US armed forces present in the Philippines would be exposed to attack.
Critics of the VFA point to this scenario and argue that the Philippines should revoke the VFA because they think of the Philippines as a small country, which will be crushed in a fight between two elephants. Moreover, it is also argued that the USA is a declining power and that in time, China will become the dominant superpower.
This rising economic superpower is the immediate threat to the Philippines' security with it's armed occupation of Bajo de Masinloc (Scarborough Shoal) and Mischief Reef and its continuing threat to seize other submerged features and protruding rocks within the Philippines' Continental Shelf and Exclusive Economic Zone. It is through this prism that Filipinos today view the Philippines' strategic relations with China.
Some political analysts argue that the crisis over Masinloc has come about as a result of China's apprehension to the so-called US pivot to the Asia Pacific region and its reaction to the increased military presence of the United States in the Philippines under the VFA. It is China engaging in shadow boxing with the United States. The Philippines evidently is no match militarily and has the weakest armed forces in the region, although they have experience in combat and as peacekeeping forces.
However, the Philippines cannot be thought of as a small island in the Pacific. The Philippines is one of the three great archipelagoes located close to the Asian Continent. At the northern end is Japan, at the southern end Indonesia and strategically located at the center is the Philippines. Like Indonesia and Japan, the Philippines is a large maritime country with the twelfth largest population in the world. It is the second largest in Asean in terms of human resources and its economy is one of the few bright spots in the world today.
Not only is the Philippines strategically important because of its geographical location at the center of the maritime region where half of the world's cargo passes but the Philippines plays a strategic role in international commerce. It is the backbone of the shipping industry, being the biggest seafaring country in the world. These are the strengths that the Philippines brings to the negotiating table. The main concern of the Philippines is the protection of its sovereign rights over its continental shelf and exclusive economic zone. The Philippines has adopted a three- pronged strategy to achieve this end by bringing a case before the Arbitral Tribunal of the Law of the Sea, a dialogue with China bilaterally and in the Asean forums, and inviting the attention of the United States to the tensions in the West Philippine Sea under its defense arrangements.
The on-going talks on a new Access Agreement on a "rotational basis" is recognition by the United States of having neglected its interests in the Asia Pacific and leaving the countries in Southeast Asia exposed to the growing economic and military power of China. The Philippines was constrained to have its own pivot to China under President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. The so-called pivot of the United States to Asia Pacific is to prevent the region from falling within China's sphere of influence.
The Philippines has shifted its emphasis on relations with China and the United States from economic to security interests because of China's aggression. As long as China is engaged along this road, the Philippines will want to have strengthened defense arrangements with the United States.
The Philippines has benefited from the VFA. It has received assistance in setting up its Coast Watch System (basically a national radar system for its maritime domain awareness) related to protecting its marine resources. It has also received assistance in disaster management as the Philippines is prone to typhoons and other calamities, and beefing up its national security and counter-terrorism capabilities, important for Mindanao.
However, the Philippines has received only equivocal commitments from the United States with respect to the defense of the Philippines' sovereign rights in its continental shelf and exclusive economic zone in the West Philippine Seas unlike the commitment given to Japan over Japan's administration of the disputed Senkaku/Diayao Island. Secretary of State Hilary Clinton explicitly guaranteed US support for all Japanese territory, including the Senkaku/Diayao Islands, under its Mutual Defense Treaty with Japan.
It should be noted that the Philippines' mainland is not perceived to be under threat of external attack. Only its maritime territory is subject to Chinese aggression.
Unless the Philippines receives a firm commitment like that provided to Japan, the Philippines should assess the value that the VFA has for the Philippines vis-a-vis the dangers arising and the economic losses to be sustained.
In any event, the Philippines should look down the road in the next years for a cost-benefit analysis of whether security guarantees/ support will continue to be more important than sustained Chinese investment over the next 20-30 years. As an alternative to security guarantees, the Philippines should develop a strategy of building a web of interlocking economic interests as a shield against external attack.
Supporting this strategy would be greater reliance on international law, which should be a guiding principle of Philippine foreign policy.
Ambassador Jaime S. Bautista, is a doctor of laws and Secretary General of the Philippine Ambassadors Foundation
Sell the farm to Indonesia
Japan's Prime Minster Abe flexes ugly military muscle
Indonesia's Deadly 13th-Century Volcano Eruption: ...
Hong Kong Tightens Rules
Afghan Warlords, not democracy, will rule the land...
<!--[if gte mso 9]> Normal 0 ...
Indonesia military implicated in deaths of asylum ...
The unfairness in Land Ownership between Indonesia...
China's Scientific Fraud
Surprise! Japan Still Has Strongest Navy, Air Forc...
The Philippines' 'Third Fury' Cleans the Stables
Analysis: How to tackle slavery in Asia
Politics in Taiwan - Daggers drawn
Al-Qaeda returns - The new face of terror
Pakistan's dismal education prospects
China's tequila sunrise
Karachi: Burning and Dying
China and shared regional prosperity: five risk fa...
The twin faces of Japanese nationalism
Barbaric 'jihad'
Yet more wars Australia can't win
Is Indonesia at a crossroads?
How Indonesia Lost Its Growth Mojo
Indonesian View Point: Awaiting the perfect storm ...
Prabowo as Indonesia's Next President?
Purge and renewal in China: the importance of Bo X...
Indonesia Has Bigger Problems Than Bikinis
The birth of Bangladesh-Blood meridian
The Human Rights Implications of China's Slowdown
The Politics of Palm Oil
Who rules the airspace in Asia?
Cruel war in south Philippines
Indonesia's Investment Rules Unravel the Welcome Mat
China in Central Asia-Rising China, sinking Russia
Bangladesh's war-crimes trials-Final sentence
The army in Indonesia - A special force
China's shadow banking tug of war
The Syria Test for Southeast Asia
Singapore after Lee Kuan Yew
Ceasefire fails in Philippines
Cambodia: violent clashes over disputed elections ...
Why Does Indonesia Need Apache Gunships?
INDONESIA When tolerance breeds violence
America's Inadequate ASEAN Approach
Jakarta hosts 'Miss Muslimah World', the Islamic r...
From Hiroshima to Syria, the Enemy Whose Name We D...
Indonesia's challenge for New Aussie Government ov...
Dutch Apologize for Indonesian Colonial Killings
Vietnam-born Philipp Rösler's Asian face
Are Emerging Economies Such as Indonesia Entering ...
Philippines President Aquino's flawed Moro policy ...
Jitters in Jakarta
Indonesia approves plan to buy a million hectares ...
Cambodia's Quest for Leadership
Widespread Assault Against Women in Asia Pacific
How China and Southeast Asia are reshaping the Mek...
China and America covet a continent's riches
Southeast Asia's Stark Democracy Lessons
China's Stealth Campaign on Hong Kong
A Canadian military turn to East Asia?
Analysis: Indonesian Military reshuffle: More than...
Welcome to the new Indonesia Australia Report news...
More US boots on Philippine soil
The French Pivot to Asia
Philippines' Pork is Rotten to the Bone
Who is to blame for the worst graduate job market ...
Indonesia's 2014 elections - Let the games begin
World growing tired of US military intervention No...
Australians still dying in Bali in robberies, pois...
India's ailing strategic policy in Central Asia
Fukushima Operator Gave Misleading Data
Vietnam's civil society undergoing vital changes
The United States is in no position to intervene o...
When historical tensions and financial cooperation...
Keeping Asia peaceful and prosperous
'Free Papua Activists,' Says Amnesty International
Like India, Indonesia will pay for resting on its ...
One death per hour over dowry in India
Military roots of racism in Myanmar
Manila, Beijing, and UNCLOS: a test case?
Starvation and Poverty In Indonesia
Vietnam's Need for the Trans-Pacific Partnership
India and Indonesia get the wobbles with the threa...
Is the Indonesian economy in trouble?


And your dark buttoned up shirt and your dark colored tie.
That you—long, dark, and handsome—were different and new.
This feeling grew greater the closer you flew.
Not jumping like me—this, I approved.
Curved, sly, and sweet—me, it beguiled.
Then you came along, and I started to melt.
And you kept your distance, as if you sensed danger.
That bent smile of yours—we were meant to be.
And although you stayed silent, I just wouldn't quit.
I didn't like that; I wondered if you kissed her.
But despite your odd greeting, I wasn't deterred.
I asked you on a date, then a second, a third.
To my delight, you said yes the fourth time.
Is the whole night I sat there and prayed you'd come closer.
I knew you were someone to love and to hold.
And fill all the spaces that have always felt empty.
I longed to touch you, to hold you, to be in your arms.
I was so enamored with you and your charms.
And walk away from the love that I had held out to you.
It was as if you felt that you couldn't stay true.
I was determined that this would not be our end.
Yet, date after date, our elbows never even rubbed.
Our fingers lingered closer, but I always was snubbed.
From the rejections on end from the one that I loved.
And still, you stayed close, despite how I shoved.
Not lovers, not friends, just here for the ride.
And I have one thing to say, though it does make me blue.
I know who you are, and the things that you feel.
It has been long enough now that it is quite clear.
You will never be mine; our love is a fraud.
The space between us is just slightly too wide.


text:
national seed research and training center
, Showing 851 results
All(851)Articles(851)
national seed research and training center News
Kaveri starts a parent support group for 'high ability' children
In order to create awareness, train teachers and develop support groups among parents and the social community over 'children with higher ability', Kalmadi High School of Kannada Sangha, Pune launched a 'Parents Support Group' through its Kaveri Gifted Education and Research Center (KGERC).
Classes of medical physics course begin at NISER Bhubaneswar
Classes for a new postgraduate course in medical and radiological physics commenced from Monday at the National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar.
Ayush Shetty emerges champion, Rujula Ramu claims silver medal
In the boys' U19 singles championship, Bengaluru's Ayush Shetty beat top seed Manraj Singh to clinch the title. Ayush, 17, was seeded second in the competition and trailed his opponent from Haryana in the first game before finding his feet to prevail 2116 2112 in 57 minutes
25 AAU students to get int'l training
Twenty-five postgraduate (PG) students of Anand Agricultural University (AAU) will get international training at reputed foreign institutes and universities.
Manav Rachna: Empowering contemporary scholars with groundbreaking research eco-system
SPOTLIGHT / Dec 27, 2022, 14:39 (IST)
App to help fisherfolk net catch
Jun 18, 2022, 08:18 (IST)
Fishermen of Srikakulam district can now rely on a mobile application to net a good catch as the district administration, Agribusiness Center of Excellence (ACE), entered into an MoU with the Dr MS Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF) on Friday.
Agri varsity administrators brainstorm goals for New Year
Ludhiana Vice Chancellor of Punjab Agricultural University, Dr. Satbir Singh Gosal, interacted with the university officers to reflect on the past year and brainstorm goals for the new year. Dr. Gosal summarized initiatives like increasing production and sale promotion of various field crops' seed and nurseries, water soil health, and paddy straw management, integrated pest and nutrient management, crop diversification, protected cultivation, and strengthening of teaching, research, and extension. Dr. Gosal enlisted certain areas of prime importance that the university should focus on in the coming year, including climate-resilient technologies, speed breeding facilities, and agrotechnologies and energy-efficient agricultural machinery for small and marginal farmers. Dr. Gosal also emphasized the importance of conservation agriculture and value-addition of post-harvest management of vegetables, fruits, and flowers. Dr. Gosal explained that the university's quest for refinement calls for focusing on technologies of the future, such as sensor-based technologies, drones, imaging, artificial intelligence, and algorithms, internet of things, IOT robotics, big data analytics, and hydroponics and aeroponics in agriculture. Faculty training and retraining, as well as skillful education in line with national and international demand,
Firm footing: FDDI imparts training for footwear & leather industries
Oct 21, 2022, 08:27 (IST)
The Footwear Design and Development Institute (FDDI), Patna, has been playing a significant role in the growth of footwear, leather accessory and lifestyle products' units right since its inception in 2018.
Registry of all research work in Goa to be created
Under the Goa State Research Foundation, a state-level registry will be set up to collect and analyse all research being conducted in Goa. This is expected to help government bodies and the local industry to guide their policies and directions. The foundation has been set up as per a requirement of the National Education Policy 2020.
Superionics will be a revolution in batteries: Experts
A national-level workshop on superionic conductors and its application on battery, fuel cell and super capacitor was conducted by Fatima College in coordination with the Material Research Center at the college campus on Thursday.
SAGE University offering world-class education to train future leaders in science and research.
Mediawire / Aug 26, 2022, 13:15 (IST)
2 satellites in Mission Daksha for 360-degree watch of skies
Astronomers from the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, and Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics will build satellites that will give a 360-degree watch of the skies.
Ukrainian women train in Kosovo to find, clear landmines
AP / Apr 30, 2022, 13:35 (IST)
Haitian PM says was targeted in assassination attempt
6 lakh cybercrime complaints received, 266 mobile apps blocked: Amit Shah
NISER to offer courses in medical physics
How first-time NAAC accreditation motivates state universities for better research and infrastructure
TNN / Jul 05, 2022, 18:02 (IST)
Grades and accreditation awarded by NAAC reflect the academic quality of institutes giving an impetus to upscale their facilities
Research internship to earn at least 20 credits in the new UG courses
Centre building four mobile biosafety labs for on-site diagnosis
TNN / Apr 16, 2022, 21:34 (IST)
To step up surveillance in the community and ensure on-site diagnosis with a quick turnaround time for reporting future disease outbreaks, the government is working to build four mobile level three bio-safety (BSL-3) laboratories that can go into remote areas, collect samples and test them there itself, a senior official said.
Fish farming a path towards women's financial stability
The state government is seeking to make women of rural Chhattisgarh attain economic independence by helping them become proficient in fishing — which has got the status of agricultural activity.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We have been constantly taking a look at methods to improve our website and so are happy to announce our Free and low priced Campsite Maps area is currently available.
I'm a great lover of low priced caravan breaks, if you've got your pet dog, we've included a Pet Friendly area besides.
Our map of brand new South Wales is totally operational, plus it is possible to touch upon some of the entries you choose within committed camping forum brand new Southern Wales part.
Free RV Camping grounds, including Low Cost Stopovers, Rest Areas, Cheap Caravan Parks, Dump Points, Visitor Ideas Centre, Sight seeing and things to do on the way, all are now able to be located in one single convenient chart area.
In addition included whenever feasible, is an interactive map as well as the area, liquid access, commodes, fireplaces, shade and things you can do as soon as your there.
To really make it possible for you to make up your mind if you wish to remain at one of our detailed places instantaneously, i've added photos from Google planet showing GPS coordinates every single campsite we've detailed, also included all of them inside our maps. At most campsites it will be easy to see when your caravan, engine residence or tent will fit.
My ideas tend to be to generate a single web site to see, that catches the eye of all Australian areas within one location, each is loaded Now you can make an informed option on which of inexpensive caravan holidays you would like to continue.


Mozilla is to release the new version of its Firefox browser, version 2.0, tomorrow on 24 October, just a few days after Microsoft launched Internet Explorer 7.
The browser is Microsoft's chief rival for surfing the web, and claims up to a 30% share in some markets, although across the board it hovers at just over 12%.
The updated Firefox incorporates a number of new features to make search easier and to protect users from scams. Tabs have been visually enhanced and a new "close" button added; in case of unexpected shut-down, Firefox keeps track of open tabs to restore them at restart.
As with IE7, Firefox also protects the user from phishing website, by warning a user if they're visiting a suspect website. It's also added a spell-checking feature similar to the one in Word and OpenOffice so that when searching, misspelled words are underlined in red and a simple right click yields a menu with a list of options.


Attractive Decoration Birthday Party #9 Pastel Birthday Party Supplies .
Decoration Birthday Party was uploaded on August 6, 2018 at 12:14 pm. It is uploaded in the Decor category. Decoration Birthday Party is labelled with Decoration Birthday Party, Decoration, Birthday, Party..
Everybody knows that Decoration Birthday Party color is one for making an attractive bedroom design of the most important elements. Color can be an essential part for remodeling, designing or generating styles, consequently deciding on the best hues should be carefully considered.
As previously mentioned in the previous guide, along with could thrust influence on understanding, feeling and conversation. In deciding on the best colour for your household bedrooms consequently, you must spend particular focus.
The bedroom is actually a sanctuary where we sleep whenever we are tired, a location where we rest, tired of the everyday program, or maybe whenever we are sick. The sack could be the place where we wished just, read a popular novel or to be alone stay silent. Locations have to be a place that can produce us feel relaxed.
When used with all the proper accent hues like shades-of gold, lightblue green Decoration Birthday Party may be neat shades for that bedroom. Glistening extras will make your area more beautiful and relaxed. It's the usage of orange colour was spot on, not too bright but soothing and is the best shade for the room.
Due to the function of the bedroom's importance, you want to share the most effective bedroom patterns. We ought to select shade and the design that will create us obtain peace of mind and comfort. A room style which will stimulate tranquility in a morning that is chaotic. By having a bedroom with great Decoration Birthday Party coloring could be a luxury in itself you'll notice.
This coloring is so blends completely with the shade palate and accessories found in this bedroom develop bedroom style with colour selections above will help your house is assessed by you on the shade palette that is most relaxed for-you. Of choosing the colour that was right, the bedrooms are well-designed first. Selecting a color scheme that you allow you to feel many comfortable and like could be the issue that is most important that you need to consider. Don't forget to make sure that whatsoever color blend you choose should match every depth in your room.


Welcome to our Nuesearch "virus" removal instructions. This article intends to help you remove Nuesearch.com from your system and is designed to work for Chrome, Firefox and Internet Explorer and all Windows versions.
Nagging and sometimes even frustrating online ads are not an uncommon thing to see while surfing the Internet. They come in all shapes and sizes: pop-ups, banners, box messages and occasionally even page redirects. For the most part such intrusive ads are generated by the sites that you visit and you cannot do much to make them go away. You may try getting an ad-blocker, but sometimes these tools may cause other unexpected issues. Apart from those ads, integrated within the actual websites, there's another type of adverts that are caused by an ad-generating programs called browser hijackers. If the nagging pop-ups keep showing even when you visit sites that otherwise don't have any intrusive content, then you've probably had Nuesearch installed on your PC. Nuesearch is a browser add-on and just like many other similar software it falls under the browser hijacker category. In fact, it's one of the latest programs of its type and that's why this article will be focused on dealing with it.
Understandably, it might be somewhat unsettling to all of a sudden see the barrage of obstructive ads invading your browser. However, there's no need to panic – your virtual security is not threatened. Although people like to call Nuesearch "virus", nuesearch in particular and browser hijacker programs in general are not considered viruses. Viruses are capable of wreaking havoc on your PC and files, spying on you, invading your virtual privacy and even stealing money from your bank accounts. browser hijacker programs do not do any of that. Their most problematic trait are the intrusive ads that never seem to stop popping-up. In fact, that is also their main purpose. The whole idea behind the introduction of those annoying adverts is to trick the user into clicking on them. The browser hijacker's developer gains money for every click any of the ads receive. This revenue gaining method is called a pay-per-click method. That is why the pop-ups are so nagging and persistent. Here, we should note that it is not advisable to click on any of them. The reason for that is because sometimes some of the ads might redirect you to illegal or even malicious pages that could potentially be hazardous for your computer's security. This is a rare occasion, but it is still worth keeping in mind. If Nuesearch.com redirects you to a page on its own, without you having done anything, make sure to close that page as quickly as possible without interacting with its contents. If you remember these simple tips, an browser hijacker should not prove to be anything more than a nagging annoyance until you manage to get rid of it altogether. That is, in fact, the first thing you should do as soon as you detect its presence in your PC's system. Under this article, we have prepared a detailed guide for you that will help you uninstall Nuesearch and remove any traces of it that might have been left behind.
Before you get to the removal part, spare a few more moments to better understand how these intrusive programs get into your system. This will help you avoid getting more browser hijackers or other PUP's (potentially unwanted programs) installed on your machine. It's just that much easier to keep your PC safe and clean compared to having to deal with Nuesearch once it's inside your system.
There are quite a few browser hijacker distribution methods. Here, we will list the most commonly used ones so that you know what to look out for when surfing the internet.
File-sharing sites are a very common tool for browser hijacker developers to spread their products throughout the web. Since everyone can upload almost anything there, it is easy to see why such sites are a common Nuesearch.com distribution method.
Spam e-mails are another widely spread way for the distribution of all sorts of unwanted programs (browser hijacker included). A good rule of thumb is to always pay attention to the details of any newly received e-mail letters before opening them.
Program-bundling is arguably the most successful method for spreading browser hijacker applications. The intrusive software is bundled within another program and once you install that other program, you also get the nagging app. That is why you should always opt for the custom settings menu when attempting to install any new programs. In that menu you should be able to see a list of added contents. Leave out everything that you may not want to get on your PC by unchecking it before proceeding with the installation.
Negative Effects It's hard not to notice all those intrusive ads raining down upon your screen once you open your browser.
Locate any suspicious processes associated with Nuesearch. Right click on the process = > Open File Location => End Process = > Delete the directories with the suspicious files.


text:
Emilie d'Avout, Mrics - Managing Director – Property Development
Emilie d'Avout has 13 years' experience in real estate.
Emilie joined Yamed Capital in 2013. She co-leads the "Property Development" business line. In this capacity, she runs several of the development projects managed by the Group.
She started her career at CBRE in Spain and joined CBRE Casablanca in June 2007. In 2010, Emilie was appointed Director of the Expertise and Advisory departments for North Africa. In charge of operational, administrative and financial reporting aspects for all expertise and advisory assignments (valuations, market studies, feasibility studies and asset optimisation studies), she managed a team of 8 consultants.
Emilie is a member of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (MRICS) and holds a Master's Degree in International Business (double degree in business management from Bordeaux IV and the University of Pamplona, Spain) She also holds a postgraduate degree in Applied Economics and Law in Real Estate, Construction and Housing (ICH Paris – INAU Rabat). Emilie is fluent in French, English and Spanish.
GILBERT PLUMEREL - Strategic Advisor
Gilbert Plumerel has more than 30 years' experience in real estate development. He joined Yamed Construction in 2013 as Technical Director having spent 29 years at the helm of the technical department at Cogedim, the French leader in real estate development.
He has worked on numerous flagship buildings for French and foreign institutional investors, including Tour First (AXA– Beacon Capital Partner), Opus 12 (AXA), the Canal+ headquarters, Fondation Cartier, the Place du marché Saint Honoré (BNP), the Groupama headquarters, etc.
Hicham Lazraq - Chief Operating Officer
Hicham Lazraq has 15 years' experience in real estate finance, investment and asset management.
Before joining Yamed Capital, Hicham worked for CBRE Global Investors in Paris for 5 years, where he was responsible for the financial portfolio management of two pan-European, Value-Add funds (with assets in Germany, Austria, Belgium, France, Italy and the Netherlands) for US and European pension funds. He was also responsible for implementing and monitoring investment strategies, investor relations, performance management and bank debt management.
Hicham started his career at PwC in Paris, where he spent 2 years in Corporate Finance and 3 years in the Real Estate Transaction Services team, advising French and international investors on real estate portfolio acquisitions and divestments.
Hicham is a graduate of the Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC Paris), having completed Grandes Ecoles preparatory classes at the Ecole Sainte-Geneviève in Versailles. He also holds a postgraduate (DESS) degree in Business Law and Tax (Université Paris I – Panthéon-Sorbonne) and a postgraduate diploma in Accounting and Finance (DESCF). Hicham is fluent in French, English, Arabic and Spanish.
JEAN-LOUIS DELVAUX - Non Executive Director
Jean Louis Delvaux started his career at the World Bank in Washington in 1970 as Investment Officer at the Institutional Financial Corporation, position he held during 5 years
By 1975 he entered the then emerging private equity industry in Paris; first as an investor at IDI Group (from 1975 to 1980), then as a founder and Chief Administrative Officer within IDIA (Institut de Développement des Industries Agricoles et Alimentaires) an investment fund dedicated to the food industry.
He joined Natixis Private Equity in 1990, where he served until 2010 as an executive of the Natixis Private Equity funds in Europe, China, India, Brazil and the US, which he helped launching. He notably served as Deputy Managing Director in charge of the International Affairs, Deputy Chief Operating Officer of International Development of Natixis Private Equity, Chairman of the Management Board and Chairman of the Supervisory Board at Natexis Private Equity International.
He was also Director of European Private Equity & Venture Capital Association and of Association Française des Investisseurs en Capitaux.
Other positions include Secretary General at Financière Saint Dominique (from 1990 to 1995) and Managing Director at Compagnie Financière Jean-Paul Elkan (from 1996 to 1999).
Jean-Louis Delvaux is a graduate of HEC Paris Business School and received an MBA from Columbia University.
Jean-Michel Andrieu - Strategic Advisor
Jean-Michel Andrieu has more than 55 years' experience in real estate. He advises the teams on all matters related to investment and transaction services.
Jean-Michel spent 38 years with Auguste Thouard Group, where he notably served as Managing Director and Chairman (1,300 employees, 200 M€ of sales, 21 offices), before its acquisition by BNP Paribas Group. He was European Senior Advisor for Arthur Andersen Corporate Finance Real Estate and Insignia Europe, then President of the Supervisory Board of CB Richard Ellis Bourdais. He created and developed EXA France Holding and EXA Conseil Investissement, before their acquisition by Crédit Mutuel Group in 2009. Most recently, he was Senior Advisor for Yam Invest and is currently advising various real estate groups.
Karim Beqqali - Chief Executive Officer
Karim Beqqali has more than 16 years' experience in real estate.
Karim started his career at Nexity in Madrid in Investment before joining CBRE, where he had the opportunity to gain experience in different real estate roles, initially with CBRE London (City Investment Desk) before moving to CBRE Dubai with the launch of the Middle-East subsidiary and finally as part of the CBRE Madrid teams.
In 2006 he established the CBRE subsidiary in Casablanca, responsible for North Africa, and was later appointed Managing Director. Karim is also a member of the CBRE MENA (Middle East & North Africa) and CBRE Spain Management Boards.
Under his management, CBRE Casablanca grew from 2 to 38 employees in 7 years and became the leader in the region for all its activities.
Karim then became CEO of Yamed Capital and its subsidiaries, Yamed Investors, Yamed Asset Management, Yamed Construction, Yamed Transaction and Yamed Advisory.
Karim is a graduate of the ESSEC Business School in Paris and undertook Grandes Ecoles preparatory classes at the Ecole Sainte-Geneviève in Versailles. He is also a High Potentials Leadership Program Graduate from Harvard Business School in Boston. Karim is fluent in French, English, Arabic and Spanish.
Karima Zaouia - Managing Director – Property Development
Karima has 12 years' experience in Asset Management and real estate investment.
Karima joined Yamed Capital in 2015. She co-leads the "Property Development" business line. In this capacity, she runs several of the development projects managed by the Group.
Before joining Yamed Capital, Karima was Director of Investment for 5 years at Unibail-Rodamco (European leader in commercial real estate) in Paris. Her role involved managing a portfolio worth €1 million comprising office and hotel assets located in France and the Netherlands. She was involved in all stages of the life of the asset, from acquisition/development until sale. Karima was responsible for optimising the financial performance of assets, managing restructuring projects and sales processes. She also managed lease and SPA negotiations, LOI's etc. with tenants (CAC 40 companies) and investors, and worked on acquisition opportunities.
Karima became a Senior Asset Manager for Allianz Real Estate in Paris, managing a team of 4, and was responsible for a portfolio of real estate assets (offices, shopping centres and residential properties) for various insurance companies in the Allianz group.
Karima is a graduate of the Ecole Centrale Paris, having completed Grandes Ecoles preparatory classes at the Ecole Sainte-Geneviève in Versailles. She also holds an Undergraduate Degree in Applied Economics from Université Paris IX Dauphine. Karima is fluent in French, English and Arabic.
OLIVIER PIANI - Non Executive Director
Olivier Piani is the CEO and Founder of OP Conseils (started in 2016), a consulting company in Real Estate and finance. He holds Senior Consultant positions with a major European Private Equity Group and with a US based Value-Added Real Estate Fund Manager.
From 2008 to 2015 he was the CEO of Allianz Real Estate, the real estate investment platform for the Allianz Group, which he regrouped and restructured successfully to serve the Allianz Group of insurances. Under his stewardship the Real Estate assets of the group grew to 40bn EUR worldwide.
From 1998 to 2008 he built up a Pan European platform for GE Capital Real Estate which had more than 500 people in 7 different countries. GE Capital Real Estate delivered more than 900m USD of profits in 2007.
Prior to joining GE in 1998, he worked as CEO of UIC-Sofal – a real estate bank – with a mission to restructure and sell the company. In 1998 the company was successfully sold to a consortium of Goldman Sachs and GE.
From 1982 to 1995 Olivier held various leadership positions in the Paribas Group in Paris, New York and London.
O. Piani is a graduate of Paris Ecole Supérieure de Commerce de Paris (1977) and received an MBA from Stanford University (1981).
Vincent Pavanello - Strategic Advisor
Vincent Pavanello had founded Real Estech, an european cluster that gathers more than 300 real estate start-up.
He has published a book entitled L'immobilier Demain in 2017, the first book ever dedicated to digital transformation in the real estate sector. He has also worked for the French government to promote innovation in the construction industry.
He teaches real estate at Sciences Po Paris and participates in many conferences all over the world.
He started his career, alongside studies at ESCP EUROPE, in a pan-european real estate family office. He is now the president of ReT Conseil, an advisory company that collaborates with several real estate CEO in France, Switzerland, Marocco and Canada. He also works as a venture partner for a venture-capital fund managed by LBO France.
Zineb Masrour - Chief Investment Officer
Zineb Masrour has 10 years' experience in real estate and 5 years' experience in corporate finance.
She joined Yamed Capital in 2013.
In her quality of Chief Investment Officer, Zineb heads the "Advisory" and "Investment Management" business lines. In this capacity, she oversees all the investment and development initiatives, both for our clients and for the Yamed Group.
She started her career in the Fusions & Acquisitions department at Crédit Agricole before joining La Compagnie Financière Edmond de Rothschild. She then joined CFG Group in Casablanca as part of the Corporate Finance department, where she remained for almost four years.
Zineb joined CBRE in Casablanca in 2010, where she was responsible for the Investment and Capital Markets departments.
Throughout her career Zineb has been involved in various complex and diverse advisory assignments, notably for acquisitions, financial and legal structuring of various real estate projects, raising equity for private investments and bank debt raising.
She graduated from Université Paris IX Dauphine with a Masters in Management Science, specialising in Finance, and she also holds a Specialised Master's Degree in Financial Engineering from the EM Lyon Business School. Zineb is fluent in French, English and Arabic.
Advisory & Transaction
Financial & Shared Services
Yamed Capital, a subsidiary of Yam Invest, is a multidisciplinary
group performing real estate and investment services at every
stage of the real estate value chain
– PARTNERS COMMITTEE
– STRATEGIC ADVISORS
Yamed Capital, a subsidiary of Yam Invest, is an independent and multidisciplinary group performing real estate and investment services at every stage of the real estate value chain.
The Yamed Capital team comprises complementary skills and provides an intricate and experienced offering of financial and real estate expertise as well as analysis and ongoing risk control techniques.
OLIVIER PIANI
JEAN-LOUIS DELVAUX
KARIM BEQQALI
PARTNERS COMMITTEE
Managing Director – Property Development
Jean-Michel Andrieu
Vincent Pavanello
GILBERT PLUMEREL
SEE OUR ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
Giving the best of ourselves
The challenge of pushing our limits, expecting the best and
respecting ethics underlines our reputation for excellence.
Being transparent and fair
This is the guideline that underpins how our organisation operates.
Good governance is undoubtedly the key to success.
Always going beyond
A passion for our profession, creativity and a sense of the avant-garde
are the qualities that make us a trend-setter in the real estate sector.
HONOURING OUR COMMITMENTS
Saying what we do and doing what we say
This is the cement that holds our relationships with our clients, partners,
consultants, the authorities and investors together, in complete transparency.
- INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT
- PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT
- ADVISORY & TRANSACTION
- FINANCIAL & SHARED SERVICES
Copyright © 2020 Yamed Capital. All rights reserved.
Pod not found
Veuillez remplir les champs ci-dessous


Fog, haze or mist that hides objects behind it. If boxes with fog intersect, denser fog is created.
Light shafts from the world light source. For sun beams to fall through windows and other openings, the room should be inside the box.
Toggles the editing mode for the volume box node. When enabled, the volume box sides that can be resized are highlighted with the colored rectangles. To change the size of a side, drag the corresponding rectangle.
Length, width and height of the box (in units) along X, Y and Z axes.


text:
Q: No headers available in xhr object when an UNAUTHORIZED error occurs - IE10 I have a CORS Ajax call to a web api. I have a message handler which throws an:
var msg = new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized) { ReasonPhrase = "Oops!!!" };
throw new HttpResponseException(msg);

On the client I can't get no response headers, tried:
error: function (xhr, error) {
var result = xhr.getResponseHeader("Response");

but result is null and no other heades are available.
The Debugger shows correctly a 401!
Should I return the Unauthorized Exception differently from the server?
Update:
I forgot the add the Origin header to my HttpResponseException, in order to get the headers.
But in IE10 I don't get any headers, only error message

"error"

How can I know what happend, when using IE10?
Here is related question.

A: As I cannot get the Headers when returning a 401 response.
No instead I return NoContent StatusCode, which triggers the AJAX success eventhandler.
Now I have to check the response header "response" (which I manually add on the server side) in the success eventhandler, in order to make it work in IE 10:
Server:
var msg = new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.NoContent) { ReasonPhrase = "UNAUTHORIZED" };
msg.Headers.Add("RESPONSE", "401");
AddCORSHeaders(msg.Headers, request);
return await Task.FromResult(msg);

Client:
 error: function (jqXhr, error) {
           var isAuth= jqXhr.getResponseHeader("Response");

Now I get a "response" header with value 401.
IF SOMEONE HAS A BETTER APPROACH, I'LL EXCEPT THE ANSWER !
In IE10 the ajax error eventhandler you get readyState=0 and status="".
In Chrome you get a 401 and readyState=4.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


DVD Al Di Meola "Live at Montreux"
Al Di Meola is one of the world's leading jazz guitar players. A pioneer of jazz-rock fusion in the seventies and eighties, in recent years he has been pushing the boundaries of the acoustic guitar. This DVD combines two performances by Al Di Meola at the Montreux Jazz Festival. The first, from 1986, is a solo acoustic performance, while the 1993 concert features Di Meola with guitarist Chris Carrington and percussionist Arto Tuncboyaciyan, who also provides occasional vocals. Now you can sit back and enjoy over some of the finest virtuoso guitar playing you'll ever see.
With Al Di Meola, guitar.
With Al Di Meola, guitar; Chris Carrington, guitar; Arto Tuncboyaciyan, percussions.


In 2013 Lauren and Lance Stokes were using Lauren's parent's basement as a distribution centre, her mom pitching in to help pack a surprise influx of orders .
"It was all hands on deck. We were designing and manufacturing and going to market ourselves...we were growing so fast that, overnight, we just couldn't pack the boxes fast enough," says Lauren.
That was the moment they realized they would have to hire employees and find a real warehouse in order to maintain and grow their business.
Fast forward to today, Lauren James Co. now ships their products out of an 80,000 square foot warehouse – with 35 employees and counting.
What's the secret behind their success so far?
Click "Read More" to find out.
Didn't know you had a bloody lip?
Doctor it up any way you'd like, but when you decided to start a business you decided to pick a fight with someone who was already doing business in your vertical. You're going after someone else's customers.
You're just like the entrepreneurs featured today who are picking a fight with billion dollar behemoths that routinely kill the competition.
Believe it or not, this was the least of the concerns facing the entrepreneur being featured today when he found himself in the midst of a major transformation; the internet's impact on musicians that required them to abandon their over-reliance on selling albums to generate sales.
But cultivating a social following and monetizing an artist's audience with merchandise rather than records, as this entrepreneur has done, isn't easy and comes with its own pitfalls that must be avoided.
Selling gear like this online- especially when it costs hundreds of dollars plus expensive shipping- is a challenge when you consider that traditionally customers want to try on their gear before they buy.
Each can feel like the weight of the world is on your shoulders alone when it piles up.
To keep inventory from being the bane of their existence, the co-founders featured in today's post launched an all-over-print brand that co-creates product with its affluent female customers on demand.
While this may sound absurd to you, this is a reality for hundreds of thousands of people afflicted with leprosy.
Lepers are routinely kicked out of their homes, ostracized from their communities, and made to live together in poverty.
But two days before Marshawn Lynch, a future Hall of Famer, decided to call it quits in the NFL, he called Shopify for assistance. Lynch needed a partner he could rely on during life after football; a platform that could handle the rigors of selling in both the digital and physical worlds.
We discovered a Lynch few others know.
But the digital equivalent of all four blowing out at once.
Smoke Cartel was transitioning to a larger warehouse when their internet service was cut, employees unexpectedly quit, and the company had zero customer service for four days.
Angry customers piled up. And so did the request for refunds.
How did they turn it around, once again accelerate growth, and slash customer service response times from two days down to an hour?


"A Method for Reliable Voluntary Oral Administration of a Fixed Dosage " by Adrian M. Corbett, Audrey E. McGowin et al.
Stress can influence a number of physiological processes including adult neurogenesis, metabolism, cardiovascular function, immune function, neurophysiological function, endocrine function and inflammatory processes following injury. In testing drugs which may be used to treat various diseases or injuries, reducing stress associated with chronic drug delivery to animal models should then be an imperative, which led us to design a reliable voluntary oral drug delivery method. Various drug combinations were tested versus vehicle controls in four different rat stocks or strains (Wistar, Fisher, Long Evans and Sprague Dawley) with our voluntary oral delivery system. Oral medications were placed into a store-bought sugar cookie dough ball (∼4 g), thoroughly integrating the dry drugs with the dough. This method has worked consistently to deliver the medication (complete ingestion) in four different stocks or strains of rats, with reliabilities ranging from 98.6% to 100%. The percentage of rats in each stock or strain that have at any time during the study had incomplete ingestion of the drugs ranged from 1% in Sprague Dawley, approximately 4% in Wistar and Fisher, to approximately 16% in Long Evans. Both serum and brain samples were analysed for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) detection of one of our administered drugs: 5 mg/kg fluoxetine. HPLC analysis shows that serum levels are detectable 2–4 h after ingestion, but not 24 h after ingestion. Brain samples however, showed detectable levels of both fluoxetine and norfluoxetine more than a week following ingestion of a single dose, with higher norfluoxetine levels seen following a month of daily administered drugs.
Corbett, A. M., McGowin, A. E., Sieber, S., Flannery, T., & Sibbitt, B. (2012). A Method for Reliable Voluntary Oral Administration of a Fixed Dosage (mg/kg) of Chronic Daily Medication to Rats. Laboratory Animals, 46 (4), 318-324.


There's something eating me lately. It's the decline of the hand-written thank you note. These days, notes of thanks come via email or even text.
Yeah, I know. Writing this makes me sound like a grouchy old person. But I'll risk it because I think all the young adults who make this mistake are losing out on an important piece of life wisdom – and a chance to have an edge. A hand-written thank you note is a gesture that makes you stand out. That little card actually sends a message about the kind of person you are.
In an age of convenience communication, almost everything we write happens with the push of a button.
So why bother wasting paper and a stamp when you could say the same thing electronically? For starters, writing a note shows that you invested your personal time to acknowledge that I invested mine. It means that you thought this particular message was so meaningful that it needed to be held in my hands. It's a symbolic gesture. And it goes a long way.
People assume that youth communicate online more than face-to-face. That may be true. Yet when you compare who people text with who they talk to, research shows that teens make sure they speak by phone and in person with their best friends. Why? Because talking to someone directly, and being with them, means more than words on a screen. It sends a message about how much you care. The same is true of a thank you note.
Thank you notes are the good form of polite, thoughtful people. Real thank you note writers are the people who ask if they can help set the table when they're guests at your home. They are the ones who ask you how you're feeling when everyone else has forgotten you were bummed out. Writing a thank you note is not something we should sacrifice just because technology will let us.
Thank you notes are great for all kinds of things: job and informational interviews, gifts, or when you're a guest at someone's home. As an employer, I am far more inclined to hire a young person who sends a hand-written note because I see it as a sign of responsibility, conscientiousness and character.
It will be at least another 10 years before the world is mostly made up of people who grew up on electronic communication. Maybe longer. Until then, the people writing your recommendations, interviewing you for jobs, giving you presents and doing whatever else deserves a thank you will probably be the ones for whom this means a lot. Writing a thank you note will give you an easy edge.
Rachel Simmons is the author of Odd Girl Out and The Curse of the Good Girl.


text:
Select Page: Where to?Home About Mission Committee Etiquette Archives
Select Category: Where to?Critiques of Diagnosis Diagnosis in Practice Pressing Issues Proposing Alternatives
Global Summit on Diagnostic Alternatives
DxSummit.org
Critiques of Diagnosis
Diagnosis in Practice
Proposing Alternatives
A Social-Emotional Theory of Depression
Thomas Scheff June 12, 2014 A Social-Emotional Theory of Depression2015-09-04T11:16:25+00:00 Current Status of Dx, Pressing Issues No Comment
Image courtesy of podpad / FreeDigitalPhotos.net
James Gilligan (1997) served as a prison psychiatrist for many years. Based on his interviews with prisoners, he came to the conclusion that shame can be an awesomely powerful force:
The degree of shame that a man needs to be experiencing in order to become homicidal is so intense and so painful that it threatens to overwhelm him and bring about the death of the self, cause him to lose his mind, his soul, or his sacred honor. (112).
Gilligan proposed that it is secret shame that has awesome power:
Shame is probably the most carefully guarded secret held by violent men… (112)
This paper proposes that secret shame is a powerful causal agent, as Gilligan did, but that it can also cause clinical depression. It will also take a step missing from Gilligan's study and most other work on shame by outlining a process through which shame might become an overwhelming force.
The psychologist Gershen Kaufman is one of several writers who have argued that shame is a secret in our whole society:
American society is a shame-based culture, but …shame remains hidden. Since there is shame about shame, it remains under taboo. ….The taboo on shame is so strict …that we behave as if shame does not exist (Kaufman 1989).
Kaufman's phrase "shame about shame" turns out to have a hidden importance, since it can be seen as implying the first step in a recursive sequence, as will be discussed below.
A Study of How Shame Became Unspeakable and Invisible
The idea that shame is kept secret in modern societies is supported by a monumental study by the sociologist Norbert Elias (1939, in German, 1978 in English). Over the last five hundreds of years of European history, Elias analyzed etiquette and education manuals in five different languages. There are two main themes; 1. As physical punishment decreased, shame became increasingly dominant as the main agent of social control. 2. As shame became more prevalent, it also became almost invisible because of taboo.
The following excerpt gives the flavor of Elias's study. It is from a nineteenth-century work (von Raumer 1857) that advises mothers how to answer the sexual questions their daughters ask:
Children should be left for as long as possible in the belief that an angel brings babies….. If girls should later ask how children come into the world, they should be told that the good Lord gives the mother her child…"You do not need to know nor could you understand how God gives children." It is the mother's task to occupy her daughters' thoughts so incessantly with the good and beautiful that they are left no time to brood on such matters…. A mother . . . ought only once to say seriously: "It would not be good for you to know such a thing, and you should take care not to listen to anything said about it." A truly well brought-up girl will from then on feel shame at hearing things of this kind spoken of. (1978:180)
Elias first interprets the repression of sexuality in terms of hidden shame:
An aura of embarrassment…surrounds this sphere of life. Even among adults it is referred to officially only with caution and circumlocutions. And with children, particularly girls, such things are, as far as possible, not referred to at all. Von Raumer gives no reason why one ought not to speak of it with children. He could have said it is desirable to preserve the spiritual purity of girls for as long as possible. But even this reason is only another expression of how far the gradual submergence of these impulses in shame and embarrassment has advanced by this time. (1978:180)
Elias raises a host of significant questions about this excerpt, concerning its motivation and its effects. His analysis goes to what may be a key causal chain in modern civilization: denial of shame and of the threatened social bonds that both cause and reflect that denial.
Considered rationally, the problem confronting him [von Raumer] seems unsolved, and what he says appears contradictory. He does not explain how and when the young girl should be made to understand what is happening and will happen to her. The primary concern is the necessity of instilling "modesty" (i.e., feelings of shame, fear, embarrassment, and guilt) or, more precisely, behavior conforming to the social standard. And one feels how infinitely difficult it is for the educator himself to overcome the resistance of the shame and embarrassment which surround this sphere for him. (1978:181)
Elias's study suggests a way of understanding the social transmission of taboo. The adult teacher, von Raumer, in this case, is not only ashamed of sex, he is ashamed of being ashamed. The nineteenth-century reader, in turn, probably reacted in a similar way: being ashamed, and being ashamed of being ashamed, and being ashamed of causing further shame in the daughter. Von Raumer's advice was part of a social system in which attempts at civilized delicacy resulted and continue to result in an endless chain reaction of hidden shame.
Elias understood the significance of the denial of shame to mean that shame goes underground, leading to behavior that is outside of awareness:
Neither rational motives nor practical reasons primarily determine this attitude, but rather the shame (scham) of adults themselves, which has become compulsive. It is the social prohibitions and resistances within themselves…that makes them keep silent. (1978:181; emphasis added)
Like many other passages, this one implies not only to a taboo on shame, but the actual mechanisms by which it is transmitted and maintained.
This study has been widely proclaimed as a masterpiece. However, those that praise and/or use it haven't noticed that the central thesis concerns shame. There are many citations, but only a few mention shame, and they do only in passing. Elias seems to have noticed this, since he avoided using the s-word in a later study (1996) that also involves shame in its central thesis. Instead, he used the word humiliation, and only once. Neither word appears in the index. Perhaps he wasn't surprised, since he had predicted the invisibility of shame in modern societies.
A Novel Approach to Shame
Elias's study and the other approaches to secret shame raise a question: if shame is a secret for everyone, under what circumstances does it lead to depression? The work of Helen Block Lewis on shame and anger provides a first step toward answering this question.
Lewis's conception of shame and other closely related emotions (such as guilt) was and is still radically different than that of most other shame experts. Her working conception of shame grew out the results of a study (1971) of the transcripts of many psychotherapy sessions conducted by other therapists. Using a systematic method based on long lists of indicators words for the major emotions (Gottschalk and Gleser 1969) she located and analyzed emotion episodes in the transcripts. She found that shame/embarrassment was by far the most frequent, with more occurrences than all the other emotions combined.
Lewis found that shame occurrences were not mentioned by patient or therapist. Other emotions, such as sadness or anger, were often referred to by either patient or therapist or both. But in the many instances of shame/embarrassment/humiliation, emotion names were never used, not even indirectly (see the discussion of indirection below). Lewis called these instances "unacknowledged shame." This finding supports, at the micro level, Elias's findings at the macro level on the invisibility of shame in modern societies.
Hiding Shame
Lewis found that shame goes unacknowledged in two different ways. The first way she called "overt, undifferentiated shame" (OU). The patient is in pain, but it is referred to indirectly, at best. There are hundreds of words and phrases in English that can be used to refer to shame without naming it. For example, one can say "I fear rejection," or "This is an awkward moment for me," and so on. Many of these cognates have been listed by Retzinger (1991; 1995. Her entire list of anger and shame cognates can be found in the Appendix of Scheff 1994).
OU shame is usually marked not only by pain, but often by confusion and bodily reactions: blushing, sweating, and/or rapid heartbeat. One may be at a loss for words, with fluster or disorganization of thought or behavior, as in states of embarrassment. Many of the common terms for painful feelings appear to refer to this type of shame, or combinations with anger: feeling hurt, peculiar, shy, bashful, awkward, funny, bothered, or miserable; in adolescent vernacular, being freaked, bummed, or weirded out. The phrases "I feel like a fool," or "a perfect idiot" are prototypic.
Even indirect reference may be avoided when shame is labeled erroneously. One error is to misname the feeling as a physical symptom: "I must be tired" (or hungry or sleepy, or pregnant, etc). Although Lewis found this kind of shame occurring with both women and men, it was predominantly used by women.
The usual style of men, she called "bypassed." Bypassed shame is mostly manifested as a brief painful feeling, just a flicker, followed by obsessive and rapid thought or speech. A common example: one feels insulted or criticized. At that moment (or later in recalling it), one might experience a jab of painful feeling (even producing a groan or wince, although not necessarily), followed immediately by imagined replays of the offending scene.
Many of the replays are variations on a theme: how one might have behaved differently, avoiding the incident, or responding with better effect. The scene may be replayed involuntarily through meals and keep one awake at night. One is obsessed.
However, there is also a form of bypassed shame in which the indications are weaker. Apparently it is possible to further bypass bypassed shame to the point where it is noticeable only through extremely close examination. One may feel blank or empty in a context of embarrassment or shame.
Two further steps beyond Lewis's approach is necessary if we are to understand how unacknowledged shame can lead to depression. Lewis uses a simple dichotomy: shame is either acknowledged or unacknowledged. Since Elias and others have suggested that virtually all shame is secret, we probably need to envision various DEGREES of hiding in order to understand why secret shame sometimes causes depression.
Suppose that hiding shame is usually not complete. When the shame is only partially hidden, at least some of it may be resolved, at least partially. It was James (1983) who first suggested that emotions are at core bodily tensions that can be resolved through physical expression. If this is the case, then limitless shame-based spirals occur only when shame is COMPLETELY unresolved. For our purposes, we therefore need at least a trichotomy: acknowledgement, partial hiding, and complete hiding.
Cultural Assumptions about Emotions
The discussion of Lewis's treatment of shame brings up a delicate issue, because it implies an utterly different conception of emotion than the one held in modern societies, especially English-speaking ones. Most people believe that emotions are feelings. That is, like feeling fatigue or affection, emotions are always felt. Lewis's work on unacknowledged shame suggests, however, that the emotion of shame is not mainly a feeling, but a bodily state, one that might not be felt.
In Lewis's description of OU shame, it is clear that there is a feeling, but it is misnamed or misinterpreted. In the case of bypassed shame, there seems to be mostly no feeling of any kind. When Lewis first discovered this form of shame, she was very cautious about naming it. She called it unacknowledged because she couldn't tell from the transcriptions if the emotion was being felt, but not referred to, or it wasn't referred to because it wasn't felt.
But she later questioned patients whose responses suggested bypassed shame, and also therapists. She usually found that the patients were not feeling shame, and that the therapists did not identify the responses as shame. After many such trials, it became clear to that bypassed shame states were not felt. This finding, since it runs against a central cultural assumption, is a hard sell. Although widely praised, this aspect of Lewis's study has been little cited. Indeed, she once complained to me that her 1971 book was frequently praised but seldom read.
Another implication of Lewis's approach is that it widens the definition of shame to include a host of siblings and cousins (Sedgwick and Frank 1995 also point to shame siblings and cousins, even though their approach is based on the work of another shame pioneer, Sylvan Tomkins).
In English-speaking cultures, the conception of shame is extremely narrow: a crisis emotion involving disgrace. But in all other languages, there is also an everyday shame that is more or less present in ordinary social occasions, especially as an anticipation of the risk of shame. In French, for example, there is the idea of pudeur. In English, this kind of emotion would be called modesty or shyness, and not considered as a type of shame.
Another example is embarrassment, which in English seems to be a separate emotion because it is seen as inflicted by others and is brief and weaker than shame. But in other languages, embarrassment is considered to be a member of the shame family. For example, in Spanish, the same word, verguenza, is used for both emotions.
In Lewis's conception, guilt is also a member of the family, if only a cousin. That is, shame is a shame-anger sequence, with the anger directed at self. By the same token, resentment is the opposite cousin, being a shame-anger sequence, but with the anger directed at other.
Lewis goes on to take up another problem, the meaning of the opposite of shame, the word pride. Without inflection (genuine, justified, authentic, etc), pride is usually taken as negative: arrogant, self-centered, "pride goeth before the fall". I call this kind of "pride" false pride, because it can be seen as a defense against shame. People who protest too much about how great they are might be hiding shame.
These difficulties with emotion arise in all modern languages because they have evolved in societies that are individualistic and oriented toward the visible outer world of material things and behavior, and only recently shown any interest in the interior world of emotion. Since English was the language of the nation that modernized earliest, through industrialization and urbanization, the emotional/relational world in English speaking cultures has become the most hidden.
Emotion Spirals
Lewis' idea of emotion sequences can be expanded to include unending spirals of emotion. She noted that when shame occurs but is not acknowledged, it can lead to an intense response, a "feeling trap:" one becomes ashamed of one's feelings in such a way that leads to further emotion. Since normal emotions are extremely brief in duration, a few seconds, Lewis's idea of a feeling trap opens up a whole new area of exploration. Emotions that persist over time have long been a puzzle for researchers, since normal emotions function only as brief signals.
The particular trap that Lewis described in detail involved shame/anger sequences. One becomes instantly angry when insulted, and ashamed that one is angry. One trap, when the anger is directed out, she called "humiliated fury." The other path she noted, when the anger is directed in, results in depression. This idea is hinted at in psychoanalytic approaches to depression. Busch et al (2004), for example, devote Chapter 7 to "Addressing Angry Reactions to Narcissistic Vulnerability." As is usually the case in modern societies, they avoid using the s-word by encoding it: "narcissistic vulnerability."
Lewis presented many word-by-word instances of episodes in which unacknowledged shame is followed by either hostility toward the therapist or withdrawal. In her examples of the latter, withdrawal takes the form of depression. She refers to the shame/anger/withdrawal sequence as shame and anger "short circuited into depression" (1971, p. 458-59 and passim):
[The patient] opened the hour by reproaching herself for being "too detached during intercourse." She had had a satisfactory orgasm, as had her husband, but she noticed that she was not totally absorbed in the experience and then reproached herself for having been detached enough to make this observation. She now observed that she was scolding herself and immediately located a source of humiliated anger at her husband. He had criticized her that same day for having been so "drained" by caring for the children that she had no energy left for him when he came home, and she had at the time thoroughly agreed with him. She had also agreed with his criticism over irritable behavior with the children. (She was normally in agreement with him about her faults.)
A careful analysis of her experience at the time her husband reproached her unearthed the fact that she had had a fleeting feeling something like resentment accompanied by thoughts which ran approximately: "I wonder how he can be so 'detached' that he has no feeling for me. You'd think he was lecturing in class." (Her husband is a teacher.) That night she readily agreed to intercourse, partly to placate her husband. A short time afterward she was scolding herself for being "too detached,'" and too observant.
Lewis's idea of emotions short-circuited into depression might be used as a first step toward a theory of the emotional origins of all depression. Since none of the therapy sessions she studied involved depression to the point of complete silence, she didn't consider that possibility. The aftermath of unacknowledged shame that she noted involved slight hostility toward the therapist or the kind of momentary withdrawal and/or self-blame that might be indicators of incipient depression.
The sequences Lewis referred to involve at most three steps, as in the case of the shame/anger sequence short-circuited into depression: shame-anger-withdrawal. A model of feeling traps that can go far beyond a few steps may be necessary. How could such a process lead to a doomsday machine of interpersonal and inter-group withdrawal?
Some emotion sequences may be recursive to the point that there is no natural limit to their length and intensity. People who blush easily become embarrassed when they know they are blushing, leading to more intense blushing, and so on. The actor Ian Holm reported that at one point during a live performance, he became embarrassed about forgetting his lines, then realized he was blushing, which embarrassed him further, ending up paralyzed in the fetal position. This feeling trap would not be a shame/anger sequence, but rather shame/shame: being ashamed that you are ashamed, etc. Lewis did not note the possibility of shame/shame sequences.
Recursive shame-based sequences, whether shame about anger, shame about fear, or shame about shame, need not stop after a few steps. They can spiral out of control. Perhaps collective panics such as those that take place under the threat of fire or other emergencies are caused by shame/fear spirals, one's own fear is not acknowledged, the obvious fear of others cause still more fear in a recursive loop. Depression might be a result not only of a shame/anger spiral, but also shame/shame alone.
Judging from her transcriptions, withdrawal after unacknowledged shame seems to be much more frequent than hostility toward the therapist. A shame/shame spiral of unlimited duration would be a blockbuster of repression, covering over not only all shame and other emotions but also all of the evidence of its existence. This level might correspond to the blankness, emptiness and hollowness of complete depression or alexthymia (emotionlessness; Krystal 1988, Taylor et al, 1997.
Whether recursive shame-based loops lead to depression/withdrawal or to violent aggression seems to depend on whether the anger in the shame/anger sequences point inward (guilt) or outward (resentment). In intergroup process, a scapegoat group seems to provide cognitive help that directs the anger outward into violence. Scape-goating can occur at the interpersonal level also, in the case of rage directed toward a woman by a man or toward a black person by a white. If, as suggested here, the direction of anger in or out determines depressive or violent outcomes, it would be fair to say that violence serves as a defense against depression.
Suppose that if the bodily tensions of shame are only partially hidden, they will be mostly resolved over time. But if they are completely hidden, the laminas of tension can build up to the point that they feel utterly unbearable, leading to violence or depression.
In a review of the research literature (1987, pp. 29-49), Lewis reviewed studies by other authors using a variety of measures that showed strong correlations between shame and depression. This finding currently continues. Reporting on 25 years of quantitative research, Shohar (2001) found strong links between shame and depression. Future research might determine that shame/shame spirals are the basis of the withdrawn type of depression, and that shame/anger spirals might lead to other types, such as agitated depression.
Shame and Social Acceptance
My earlier (2001) article on shame and depression described a series of what seemed to be temporary recoveries from depression. As a visiting researcher at Schenley Hospital (UK) in 1965, I observed all intake interviews of male patients for 6 months: 83 patients in all. Of this number 70 patients were sixty or older. The comments that follow concern the older men. The 13 younger men were mostly not diagnosed; the older men were diagnosed as depressed. Contrary to my expectations, every one of the men presented as deeply depressed in their speech and manner. However, even more surprising, there were moments in some of the interviews that seemed to me like miracles of recovery.
The psychiatrists asked 41 of the seventy older patients about their activity during WWII. For 20 of those asked this question, their responses shocked and surprised me. As they begin to describe their activities during the war, their behavior and appearance in varying degrees underwent a transformation.
Those who changed in the greatest degree sat up, raised their voice to a normal level instead of whispering, held their head up and looked directly at the psychiatrist, usually for the first time in the interview. The speed of their speech picked up, often to a normal rate, and became clear and coherent, virtually free of long pauses and speech static. Their facial expression became lively and showed more color. Each of them seemed like a different, younger, person. The self-blame that was frequent in their earlier speech disappeared.
The majority changed to a lesser extent, but in the same direction. I witnessed 20 awakenings, some very pronounced, however temporary. The psychiatrists told me that they had seen it happen many times. After witnessing the phenomenon many times, like the psychiatrists, I also lost interest.
But some 35 years later, because of my work on shame, I proposed an explanation (2001): depression involves the complete repression of painful emotions, such as shame, grief, fear, and anger, but with shame the major component, and lack of a single secure bond. Recalling the memory of the patients' earlier acceptance as valued members of a group during wartime, relived the feeling of a secure bond and generated pride that counteracted the shame part of their depression.
The memory of belonging to a community during WWII had been enough to temporarily remove the shame of being outcasts. Conveying to the psychiatrist that "once we were kings," had briefly relieved their shame and therefore their depressive mood.
Social/Emotional Elements in the Treatment of Depression
The four steps listed here follow from my discussion of Lewis's work above, and from my study of depressed men just mentioned.
1. Elicit memories of times where there was a secure bond with at least one other person, or a sense of community with a group. Explore each memory at length, to the point that patient feels genuine pride. Depression should lift at this time, if only temporarily. This step, when it works, provides a powerful incentive for patient involvement in treatment, and for the next step, empathic union with the therapist.
2. The therapist, from the first moment of contact, should try to form an empathic emotional union with the depressed patient, by hook or crook, no matter the content. Some find this goal fairly easy, but others might need coaching and practice. Get off of TOPICS, into RELATIONSHIP talk. Discussion of anything than that is not happening in the moment is topic talk. An example of relationship talk is "I didn't understand what you just said. Could you repeat it?" or "You seem sad," "I am proud of you," "You seem distracted," and so on. Relationship talk is about what is happening in the moment, either to the patient or therapist, or between them. For most people, it is very difficult to stay on track, avoiding topic talk. (The psychiatrist Melvin Lansky refers to topic talk as "Mother-in-law stories.") Empathic union in psychotherapy is the central idea in a recent volume on relational-cultural therapy (Walker and Rosen 2004).
3. When therapist and client are connected, encourage patient to discuss their shame episodes to the point of ACKNOWLEDGEMENT (Lewis 1971). Lewis indicated that a core goal of most psychotherapy is the acknowledgment of shame. The sub-title of one of her essays on psychotherapy (Chapter 7, 1980) was "The Problem of Abreacting Shame and Guilt." However, she didn't make clear what she meant by abreaction (catharsis). Chapter 13 of her earlier book (1971) is entirely about treatment, but the cases are presented concretely, for the most part. The concepts that are used are mostly conventional psychoanalytic ones. They don't help to explain acknowledgment.
One explanation of the meaning of acknowledgment is that it is a verbal recognition of a shame state that is accompanied by the actual experience of shame. Most of the confessions of shame I observed when I studied AA meetings wouldn't qualify, since they were merely verbal, without being backed by the requisite feelings. In seeking to explain a parallel situation, Goffman, Ian Miller and I have suggested that the expression of shame is the key to a sincere apology. A verbal apology, unless accompanied by the expression of shame or embarrassment usually doesn't satisfy the recipient. Catharsis will be discussed further below.
Uncovering Hidden Shame
The problem that needs to be faced concerns what surely must be called repressed shame. The reason most shame states are not acknowledged is that they are covered over by layers of defenses, often many layers. Children learn to repress emotions very early, first by the example of their caretakers, later to avoid punishment, such as ridicule. Males, particularly, are taught to hide shame and other vulnerable emotions behind a façade of swagger, anger and/or aggression. After many repressions, one might have the sense that to feel the backload repressed emotions would be unbearably painful. How does one overcome such barriers to feeling?
Earlier, I used the concept of distancing, borrowed from the theatre, to explain a path into repressed emotions (1979; 2007). According to drama theory, audiences may experience a performance at three distances from their emotions: over-distanced (detached from feelings), under-distanced (so painfully close to feelings to be like a repetition of the unresolved situations) and aesthetic distance. The goal of classical drama, whether tragedy or comedy, was to encourage audiences to experience their emotions at an aesthetic (optimal) distance.
Unfortunately, the idea of catharsis is currently heretical. For many years experimental psychologists have been demonstrating that venting anger doesn't help one feel better, a valuable finding. But psychologists have made the error of considering venting to be a type of catharsis, the classical use of dramatic theory being unknown to them. Audiences are not required to scream at the actors in anger, or for that matter, to panic in fear.
Optimal distance means that audience members are able to experience unresolved emotions safely. The events in the drama are not their own, as they can reassure themselves. In this setting, what seems to happen is that viewers of drama can move in and out of painful emotions in a way that lessens the pain. Indeed, a formerly painful emotion, such as fear, may be experienced as pleasurable, as is the case with young people with their horror movies and roller coaster rides. Using different language, "somatic therapy," seems to be based to on the same idea: "pendulating" in and out of painful emotions (Levine 1997).
The application of this idea to psychotherapy suggests a way of finding the distance that is optimal for each patient. Patients who are too removed from their feelings can be asked to retell an incident more slowly and in more detail. Those who are too close can be encouraged to touch on the incident more quickly and it less detail, or to leave it entirely, at least for the nonce. Maneuvers of this kind could lead to the kind of catharsis that is needed. In my experience, the resolution of hidden shame takes considerable verbal acknowledgment, but often occurs in the form of finally finding humor and laughter in their own misfortunes.
4. Help find and/or rebuild at least one secure bond in the patient's social life, in addition to the one with the therapist. Using many case studies of persons who recovered from serious mental illness, Neugeboren (1999) shows that in every case there was at least one person who stuck with the patient through thick and thin. The biography A Beautiful Mind (1998) makes the same point about a famous case (Nobel Laureate John Nash) not included in the 1999 book. Contrary to the film version, the author of the biography states that Nash took none of the "newer psychiatric drugs" as claimed in the film. She gives credit for Nash's recovery to the unfailing support of his wife and mother. Even with only a single secure bond, one is no longer alone in the universe (See Masserman 1953; Baumeister and Leary 1995).
Anti-depressants?
Since the treatment of choice for depression is currently anti-depressants, some discussion is warranted. On the one hand, it has been frequently claimed that a combination of anti-depressants with psychotherapy is the most effective treatment available (e.g. Coyne 2004). As far as I can tell, in this study and all the others that recommend anti-depressants + therapy strategies, the follow-up was only 4 to 6 weeks.
The brief follow-ups seem to be one way that RCLs (Random Clinical Trials) are organized so as to give misleadingly positive results ( For 13 other ways, see Jackson 2005). Glasser's brief review (2005, pp. 115-116) of the research literature on psychiatric drugs, including anti-depressants, suggests that the evidence supporting their effectiveness is close to zero.
There are a few studies that follow-up the effects of anti-depressants for a full year (e.g. Kirsch, et al 2002; 2010). These studies invariably report no significant difference between treatment and control groups. It seems likely that the positive effects of anti-depressants are at best short lived, or at worst, merely placebo.
In my 1965 study, almost half of the men who were asked about WWII did not show any change. It is therefore possible that they were suffering from endogenous depression, which opens up the possibility, at least, that anti-depressants might be indicated. On the other hand, there is also the possibility that the shame of the men who didn't respond to the one intake question was repressed to the point that it would have required more psychotherapy than the few minutes inadvertently offered.
Then there is also a substantial amount of evidence that psychiatric drugs, and anti-depressants specifically, interfere with one's emotional life, and with sensitivity to the emotions of others. For example, many studies have made it clear that the SSRI's suppress crying. Some of the causes and ramifications are explored by Healy (2004). Karp (1996) analyze the medicalization of sadness. Horwitz and Wakefield (2007), on the other hand, have a suggestive title (The Loss of Sadness), but vacillate over whether they really mean it.
As an outsider to the field of drug studies, I feel obliged to mention some impressions. First, I have been unable to find a broad treatment of the effect of drugs on the full spectrum of emotions. Virtually all the studies are extremely narrow, focusing on single drugs or classes of drugs, and one or two emotions or emotional expressions at most. If there are broad reviews that I have missed, I would very much appreciate hearing about them.
The second point is shocking: in virtually all the studies, emotions are the enemies. This orientation is understandable with respect to rage, but laughing and crying also are usually treated as pathological. There are many studies of a new pathology called emotional lability (EL), and a more extreme label, "emotional incontinence." The very phrase is highly prejudicial and shaming.
It seems to have occurred to only a few drug researchers that the absence of emotional expression might be a far wider problem, and possibly a much more damaging one. I found one drug research article that touches indirectly on this issue. Scoppetta et al (2005) showed that SSRIs suppress crying even in normal persons. They admit a doubt about the wisdom of the widespread use of these drugs:
SSRIs are among the most used drugs in the world, every day they are consumed by millions of people including politicians, businessmen, soldiers, army commanders, policemen and criminals. The idea is… worrying that the control of the emotions and behavior of these millions of people can be quickly modified by one SSRI for a few days….
The management of grief provides one example of over-, rather than under-control of emotions. The inability to mourn and unresolved grief (Mitscherlich 1975; Parkes 1988) particularly among men, is a social institution in modern societies. To the extent that the theory outlined here is true, then the use of drugs that further inhibit crying and other forms of emotional expression would be damaging rather than helpful (Cummings 2005, p. 102 makes this point also.)
I recently heard a comment in passing that is illustrative: a woman reported that she stays on anti-depressants because she gets "weepy" when she goes off them. There is a description of a situation like hers in Iris Dement's song, No Time to Cry (1993):
My father died a year ago today,
the rooster started crowing when they carried Dad away
There beside my mother, in the living room, I stood
with my brothers and my sisters knowing Dad was gone for good
Well, I stayed at home just long enough to lay him in the ground
and then I caught a plane to do a show up north in Detroit town
because I'm older now and I've got no time to cry
I've got no time to look back, I've got no time to see
the pieces of my heart that have been ripped away from me
and if the feeling starts to coming, I've learned to stop 'em fast
`cause I don't know, if I let them go, they might not wanna pass
And there's just so many people trying to get me on the phone
and there's bills to pay, and songs to play, and a house to make a home
I guess I'm older now and I've got no time to cry…
When I questioned my colleague, the psychiatrist Melvin Lansky, about this matter, he said he would never prescribe anti-depressants for grief. But hospice workers tell me that they are continually facing bereavement clients who have been put on anti-depressants. Dr. Lansky went on to say that in his experience, anti-depressants not only don't suppress emotions, but help to uncover them. However, he knew of no published references to this effect, nor have I been able to find one. On the other hand, Healy (1994) reviews several studies that suggest that anti-depressants blunt emotion (pp. 174-75 and 182-184).
Under the circumstances, it may be best to avoid drugs in the treatment of depression, or at least use them no more than three months. In any case, a social/emotional therapy directed toward increasing pride by working through unresolved shame and building secure bonds might add a new technique to the treatment of depression.
Baumeister, Roy, and Mark Leary. 1995. The Need to Belong: Desire for Interpersonal Attachments as a Fundamental Human Motivation. Psychological Bulletin 117: 497-529.
Coyne, James. C. 2004. Interventions for treatment of depression in primary care. JAMA. 16; 291 (23), 2814-2816
Cummings, Nicholas. 2005. Expanding a Shrinking Economic Base. Pp. 87-113, in Rogers H. Wright and Nicholas Cummings (Editors), Destructive Trends in Mental Health. New York: Routledge.
Busch, Fredric, Rudden, M. and Shapiro, T. 2004. Psychodynamic Treatment of Depression. Washington, DC. Ameican Psychiatric Association.
Elias, Norbert. 1939. Über den Prozess der Zivilisation). Reprinted in 1979 as The Civilizing Process in two volumes: 1 The History of Manners. 2 Power and Civility. London: Blackwell.
___________ 1996. The Germans. London: Polity. (Originally published in German in 1989)
Gilligan, James. 1997. Violence – reflections on a national epidemic.New York: Vintage Books
Glasser, William. 2005. Warning: Psychiatry Can Be Dangerous to Your Health. Pp. 113-129 in Rogers H. Wright and Nicholas Cummings (Editors), Destructive Trends in Mental Health. New York: Routledge.
Gottschalk, Louis, C. Winget. and G. Gleser. 1969. Manual of Instruction for Using the Gottschalk-Gleser Content Analysis Scales. Berkeley: UC Press.
Healy, David. 2004. Let Them Eat Prozac: The Unhealthy Relationship Between the Pharmaceutical Industry and Depression. New York University Press
Horwitz, Allan and Jerome C. Wakefield. 2007. The Loss of Sadness: How Psychiatry Transformed Normal Sorrow into Depressive Disorder. Oxford University Press
Jackson, Grace. E. 2005. Rethinking Psychiatric Drugs. Bloomington, Ind.: Author House
James, William. [1884]1983 Essays on Psychology. Burkhardt, Frederick H. (Ed). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Karp, David. 1996. Speaking of Sadness: Depression, Disconnection, and the Meanings of Illness. New York: Oxford University Press.
Kaufman, Gershon. 1989. The Psychology of Shame. New York: Springer.
Kirsch, Irving. 2010. Review: benefits of antidepressants over placebo limited except in very severe depression. Evidenced Based Mental Health. 13(2):49.
Kirsch, I., T. Moore, A. Scoboria, and A. Nichols. 2002. The emperor's new drugs. Prevention and Treatment 5, 22-37.
Krystal, Henry. 1988. Integration and Self-healing: Affect, Trauma, Alexithymia. Hillsdale, N.J.: Analytic Press
Levine, Peter A. 1997. Waking the tiger: healing trauma: the innate capacity to transform overwhelming experiences. Berkeley, Calif.: North Atlantic Books
Lewis, Helen B. 1971. Shame and Guilt in Neurosis. New York: International Universities Press.
_____________1980. Freud and Modern Psychology Volume 1. New York: Plenum Press.
_____________1987. The Role of Shame in Symptom Formation. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
Masserman, Jules. 1953. Faith and Delusion in Psychotherapy: The Ur-Defenses of Man. American Journal of Psychiatry 110, 324-333.
Mitscherlich, A. and M. 1975. The Inability to Mourn. Principles of Collective Behavior New York: Grove Press, 1975.
Nasar, Sylvia. 1998. A Beautiful Mind. New York: Simon & Schuster
Neugeboren, Jay. 1999. Transforming Madness. New York: William Morrow
Parkes, Colin. 1988. Bereavement: Studies of grief in adult life (3rd ed.)Madison, CT: International Universities Press, Inc. (1998)
Retzinger, S. M. l991. Violent Emotions: Shame and Rage in Marital Quarrels. Newbury Park: Sage.
_____________1995. Identifying Shame and Anger in Discourse. American Behavioral Scientist 38: 541-559)
Sedgwick, Eva and Adam Frank. 1995. Shame and Its Sisters. Durham: Duke U. Press.
Scheff, Thomas. 1979. Catharsis in Healing, Ritual, and Drama. Berkeley: U. of California Press. Re-issued in 1999 by iUniverse.
______1994. Bloody Revenge: Emotions, Nationalism, War. Boulder: Westview
______2001. Social Components in Depression. Psychiatry. 64, 3, 212-224.
______2007. Catharsis and Other Heresies: A Theory of Emotion. Journal of Social, Evolutionary, and Cultural Psychology. 1 (3): 98-113.
Scoppetta M, Di Gennaro G, Scoppetta C. 2005. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors prevent emotional lability in healthy subjects. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. Nov-Dec; 9(6): 343-8.
Shohar¸ Golan. 2001. Personality, Shame, and the Breakdown of Social Bonds: The Voice of Quantitative Depression Research. Psychiatry. Vol 64 (3), Fall, pp. 228-239.
Taylor, Graeme J., R. Bagby, and J. Parker. 1997. Disorders of affect regulation: alexithymia in medical and psychiatric illness. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Von Raumer, Wilhelm. l857. The Education of Girls. (cited in Elias, l978).
Walker, Maureen, and Wendy Rosen. 2004. How Connections Heal. New York: Guilford
Deptheory6749-3/16/12
Interview with Thomas Scheff
About Thomas Scheff
Thomas Scheff is Professor Emeritus at the University of California, SantaBarbara. He is past president of the Pacific Sociological Association, and past chair of the Emotions Section of the American Sociological Assoc. Some of his earlier publications are Being Mentally Ill, Microsociology, Bloody Revenge, Emotions, the Social Bond and Human Reality, Goffman Unbound!, and Easy Rider. He is interested in creative teaching and integration of the social,political, behavioral and clinical arts and sciences, and particularly, the integration of these disciplines into new directions of thought and effort.
DxSummit Concludes, but Conversations about the Future of Mental Health Continue
Power, responsibility, and blame within models of psychological distress
Using Ethical Guidelines to Effectively Challenge Over-prescribing Psychotropics for Children
« The Normalization of Difference in Our Children
In-person Global Summit on Diagnostic Alternatives »
Jonathan D. Raskin - Yes, the site will remain online as an archive of ...
Sandra Villarreal - Yes, I'd like to tell you where I found 'normal'. ...
Dominick Robertson - Will the site be left online, so that we can still...
Tim Carey - Dear Kano-bi, I'm really delighted you liked th...
Sandra Villarreal - The DSM-5 is the Most Dangerous book in America if...
Sherry - Hello! Quick question that's completely off topi...
kano-bi.com - I'm amazed, I have to admit. Rarely do I encounter...
Dr. Mindy - I am both a (retired/disabled) psychologist and a ...
Maureen - Lois & Jeff. I refer you to social critic an...
Lois Holzman - We plan to do many more such outreach activities—a...
Posts by Topic Select Category Critiques of Diagnosis Contrarian Concepts DSM vs. ICD Med. vs. Mental Health Dx Necessity/Function of Dx Specific Diagnoses Diagnosis in Practice Diagnosis & Therapy Ethical Issues Insurance Issues Interdisciplinary Issues Media & Telehealth Pharmaceuticals & Diagnosis Pressing Issues Cultural Issues Current Status of Dx Scientific Issues Sociopolitical Issues Summit News Summit Status Proposing Alternatives Alternatives to DSM & ICD Defining Disorder Synthesis Theoretical Perspectives Uncategorized
Select Author... Julie R. Ancis Deborah Barrett Joanne Cacciatore Tim Carey Jack Carney David Cohen Maurice Corcos Brett Deacon Chloe Detrick Patricia Dowds Frank Farley Michael Fenichel Larry Freeman Kenneth J. Gergen Louis Hoffman Lois Holzman Lucy Johnstone Brian T. Jones Sarah Kamens Laura K. Kerr Peter Kinderman John LaMuth Patrick Landman Richard Lawhern Daniel Mackler Eric Maisel Charles Merrett James Nelson Ronald Pies David Pilgrim Amy Price Jonathan D. Raskin Brent Dean Robbins Donna Rockwell Robin S. Rosenberg Jeffrey Rubin Aparna Sanyal Thomas Scheff Kirk Schneider Prateeksha Saba Robert D. Stolorow The Diagnostic Summit Committee Philip Thomas Dave Traxson Stijn Vanheule Norbert Wetzel Paris Williams
Posts by Date Select Month May 2015 February 2015 January 2015 September 2014 August 2014 July 2014 June 2014 May 2014 April 2014 March 2014 February 2014 January 2014 December 2013 November 2013 October 2013 September 2013 August 2013 July 2013 June 2013 May 2013
February 10, 2015 - 2 Comments
A Report on Community Outreach: Lay Opinions on Emotional Distress and Diagnosis
Thinking as Inner Action
How About a Diagnostic Alternative for Use in Talk Therapy?
International Summit to Develop New Approaches to Mental Health Diagnosis
July 23, 2014 - 1 Comment
The Cultural Amelioration of Negative Social Constructs of Difference – in the Context of Holistic Psychological Formulation
The 'No Labeling' Alternative
July 8, 2014 - 3 Comments
The Case of Tina and Bruce: An Introduction
Finding Normal (68)
A Drop of Sunshine (33)
Replacing Psychiatrists and Psychotherapists (23)
DSM-5's Somatic Symptom Disorder: From Medical Enigma to Psychiatric Sphinx (17)
Alternatives to Psychiatric Diagnosis: Psychological Formulation (15)
Copyright © 2019. Global Summit on Diagnostic Alternatives