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Hertel files for USD 489 school board
Juno Ogle @HDNJuno
A third candidate has filed for the Hays USD 489 school board.
Lori Ann Hertel joins Luke Oborny and Tammy Wellbrock in running for one of the four at-large seats up for grabs in the November general election.
Hertel is a licensed clinical marriage and family therapist in practice at Serenity Psychological Service and Consulting, 1010 Downing Ave.
She has a bachelor of arts in sociology and a master of science in resource counseling from Fort Hays State University, and is completing her doctorate in health psychology.
Hertel was one of four who applied to fill a seat opened by a resignation on the school board in 2017, but this is her first time running for the position.
"I like the idea of serving on a board that I can make good decisions about children and collaborating with a really good staff and administrators," she told The Hays Daily News on Thursday.
She has been involved in several boards in the community, including Big Brothers Big Sisters and Court Appointed Special Advocates.
She was instrumental in starting the Dolly Parton Imagination Library in Ellis County, which she did in memory of her daughter, Ana, who died at 17 in 2010.
Ana had multiple pterygium syndrome, a rare genetic disorder that affected her muscles and joints, and she and Lori started Ana's Gift, an organization that collects stuffed animals to donate to hospitals and law enforcement to help comfort children.
Through Ana, Hertel said she became familiar with USD 489's special education services. She and her husband, Stan, also have a son, Daniel, who attended USD 489 schools.
Hertel also worked as a prevention specialist in the district at the middle-school level, working with teachers on programs such as crisis intervention.
"It gave me a perspective of the school district that I didn't know before. I feel like that was very helpful in making my decision" to run, she said.
"I think we have a really great district here in Hays in USD 489, and I would be honored to be associated with that district on the level of the school board," she said.


herborn - At the station in the German city of Herborn is a policeman stabbed to death. Another was seriously injured. The perpetrator, a 27-year-old man was injured.
The stabbing took place Thursday morning. A conductor had reported an unruly train passenger. When the police the man wanted to keep standing, he pulled out a knife and began stabbing at the agents. One of them pulled his gun and shot the assailant, who is thereby injured.
A 46-year-old policeman died at the scene from his injuries. His injured colleague is both the perpetrator brought to the hospital.


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I know this post is a little late to be useful this holiday season, but hopefully it will serve as inspiration the next time you make a giant roast turkey (or any meat for that matter) and have lots of leftovers.
It had been a while since I made turkey. I've been fortune to skip Thanksgiving cooking duties the last few years, and the last few Christmases I've gone off the grid, experimenting with short ribs, pork loin and other non-traditional meats.
But since I can never resist experimenting a little, I decided to make a stuffed turkey breast instead of a whole turkey. I stuffed it with herbs and bacon, and it was delicious and very tender. (I promise to share that recipe next time a holiday rolls around).
The butcher claimed I needed at least a 6-7 lb breast for 5-6 people, but we were left with a ton of leftovers. And since one of my new years resolutions is to avoid wasting food, I needed to find a use for them. I have a million food magazines with a million ideas for turkey leftovers, but none of them inspired me. Most involved chopping up the turkey and creating some sort of casserole with leftover mashed potatoes and/or or cranberry sauce. Blech.
Slice the ciabatta rolls in half and tear out some of the inner bread to make it more light. Spritz with olive oil and broil for a few minutes until crispy. Spread a thin layer of the herbed mayo on both sides of the bread. Layer on the other ingredients. Close the bread and either cook in a panini press, or just push down hard with your hands until it flattens out a little bit (what I like to call the lazy girl's panini).
I really looooove making gourmet sandwiches at home--it's such an easy, satisfying meal. Ever since I've discovered the ciabatta roll, I've been hooked. I know it's not the healthiest grain in the world, but it freezes really well, so it's easy to stock up in the freezer and have them on hand as a vehicle for leftovers, eggs, last minute guests, or just about anything you can think of.


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How To Make Guys Feel Uncomfortable
What are some things us guys do that make girls uncomfortable?
These are the guys that maybe get you to wondering if you have an invisible second head only they can see. They just seem to give you an energy that something about you has them stressed out in... Make the guy feel comfortable about exchanging glances and looking at you frequently. Stare at him often, and as soon as you catch his eye, look away and smile to yourself. Displaying your shy side will make him feel more comfortable with the idea of talking to you. [Read:
Love And Hope And Sex And Dreams Make a Man Uncomfortable
11/06/2008�� I have been told that I make men feel uncomfortable. I don't know how I do that. I really don't talk to them that much and when I do it is usually small talk and all that. I don't go out and tell all guys that I meet that men are the scum of the earth or insult men continually. To be honest I think they make me more uncomfortable. Even if I am in a good mood and I smile and a guy sees me... So the key is to make her feel as comfortable as possible and then to keep moving forward with your usual process. And as long as you remember that her following is the most important thing, then you will win out a lot more often than you think.
Why Do These Things Make Men Uncomfortable?
Most guys try to give off the impression that they're pretty cool all of the time, not letting anything make them feel uncomfortable or awkward. how to make your own hash function So the key is to make her feel as comfortable as possible and then to keep moving forward with your usual process. And as long as you remember that her following is the most important thing, then you will win out a lot more often than you think.
How the Golden Globes Taught Us How to Make Men Feel
11/06/2008�� Ok I know you don't know me personally so just tell me in your own experiences. I have been told that I make men feel uncomfortable. I don't know how I do that. how to make wavy hair for guys -cat calling and making noises at me when I am trying to peacefully walk down the street -strange old men touching me one guy placed his hand on my shoulder and another one pinched my arm it made me feel violated and dirty for the rest of the day
How to make a guy uncomfortable? GirlsAskGuys
How to make guys feel uncomfortable? Yahoo Answers
10 Ways To Deal With Men Who Make You Feel Uncomfortable
Guys do you feel uncomfortable doing "feminine" things
Why You Make Him Feel Uncomfortable By Zodiac Sign
MEN are always looking for a way to provide for you and make you happy. So if you are having a RECEIVABILITY problem, a man will not feel wanted or needed. One of my clients, let�s call her Rachel, was struggling with RECEIVEABILITY, and through her story I will reveal what you can do to FLEX this muscle of receiving.
Make the guy feel comfortable about exchanging glances and looking at you frequently. Stare at him often, and as soon as you catch his eye, look away and smile to yourself. Displaying your shy side will make him feel more comfortable with the idea of talking to you. [Read:
26/07/2014�� Some guys make me uncomfortable, like single ones trying to hit on me. Or if they show too much interest in me cause in my experience that usually means they find you attractive. Or if they show too much interest in me cause in my experience that usually means they find you attractive.
11/06/2013�� I've been texting this guy. It's a long story, he's a friend of my friend's friend. My friend and I prank texted him a couple weeks ago and now the conversation is still going. (No romantic interest.) Anyways, I was talking about how I'm the master of making other uncomfortable �
What�s more fun than making a guy uncomfortable or awkward? Obviously, in a completely comedic sense, we love to tease the �macho� men in our lives who believe that nothing can make them break a sweat. However, there are a few things that will have guys feeling a little anxious.
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Vancouver 2010 Olympics
Sochi 2014 Olympics
Where was the 1996 winter Olympics?
There was not a 1996 winter Olympics. There was a winter Olympics in 1992 and then another one in 1994 to make it so that the winter and summer Olympics were not in the same year.
How did badminton originate
How do you make inline skates wheels
Which sport uses a piece of equipment 5foot wide and 9 foot long
How are snow mounds removed at South Pole
Q: Where was the 1996 winter Olympics?
In 1996 where were the winter Olympics held?
There were no Winter Olympics in 1996.
What city hosted the 1996 winter olympics?
The Winter Olympics were not held in 1996.
Medals won by Canada at 1996 winter Olympics?
Who won the 1996 winter Olympics gold in ice hockey?
What country won the most medals in 1996 for the winter Olympics?
Why wasn't there a winter Olympics in 1996?
Wrong year for Winter Olympics.
When did Australia first compete in winter Olympics?
Why was there no winter Olympics in 2004?
To provide some separation from the Summer Olympics, the Winter Olympics altered their schedule in 1994. Rather than waiting until 1996, after the 1992 games in Albertville, France, they held the next Winter Olympics in 1994 in Lillehammer, Norway. After that, they've held Winter Olympics every four years from 1994. There were no Winter Olympics in 2004, but they were held in 2002 and 2006.
When was the last time the olympic games were held in the US?
Winter Olympics - 2002 in Salt Lake City Summer Olympics - 1996 in AtlantaThe last Winter Olympics in the U.S. were in Salt Lake City, UT in 2002.The last Summer Olympics in the U.S. were in Atlanta, GA in 1996.
When were the Olympics last in America?
The last Olympics in America were held in 1996 by Atlanta, but if you want the winter olympics then Salt Lake City in 2002
When was the last summer and winter Olympics in the USA?
Summer: 1996 in Atlanta Winter: 2002 in Salt Lake City
When were the last Olympic games in the US?
Winter Olympics - 2002 in Salt Lake City Summer Olympics - 1996 in Atlanta
Who held the olympics in 1996?
Summer Games Atlanta - Winter Games Harbin China
How long ago were the Olympics in US?
The last Winter Olympics in the US was in 2002 in Salt Lake City. The last Summer Olympics in the US was in 1996 in Atlanta.
Did America ever host the Olympics?
Yes, several times including in Atlanta (summer Olympics 1996) and Salt Lake city (winter Olympics in 2002)
Is football a Summer or winter Olympics?
In the winter olympics.
Where were 1987 winter Olympics?
When is the 2009 winter Olympics?
Where were the winter Olympics in 2009?
There were no winter Olympics that year.
Where were the Olympics held in 1995and 1992 1988?
The 1988 Winter Olympics were held in Calgary, Canada and the 1988 Summer Olympics were held in Seoul, South Korea. The 1992 Winter Olympics were held in Albertville, France and the 1992 Summer Olympics were held in Barcelona, Spain. There were no Olympics in 1995. The 1994 Winter Olympics were held in Lillehammer, Norway and the 1996 Summer Olympics were held in Atlanta, USA.
Has a Canadian athlete competed in both Summer and Winter Olympics?
Yes, and there has been one Canadian athlete that has won medals in both the Summer and Winter Olympics. Clara Hughes won medals in speed skating at the 2002 and 2006 Winter Olympics and medals in cycling at the 1996 Summer Olympics. Another is Hayley Wickenheiser who has played on the women's hockey team in the Winter Olympics and the softball team in the Summer Olympics.
Where will the 2016 Winter Olympics be?
There are no 2016 Winter Olympics. However, the 2018 Winter Olympics will be in Pyeongchang, South Korea.
When is the next winter Olympics?
the next winter Olympics is in 2014.


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anne-richard
anne-richard » Literature » I Am Alive and You Are Dead: A Journey into the Mind of Philip K. Dick
Download I Am Alive and You Are Dead: A Journey into the Mind of Philip K. Dick epub
by Emmanuel Carrère,Timothy Bent
Emmanuel_Carrère Timothy_Bent History_and_Criticism English
He applied it to the emerging drug culture of Aldous Huxley and Timothy Leary; and he even applied it to himself in his flirtation with Christianity.
I think more could have been learned about Dick if more were put into that area. My readings of Philip K. Dick's fiction spans 40+ years. I am one of the dedicated science fiction readers that Carrere views with some derision in this book. I always wondered if Dick was writing from his life, if he was as paranoid as his characters, as caught up with alternative worlds and realms of being. This book seems to answer those questions with a resounding yes, I was right! He really did seem to write from his life. Clearly, he was one messed up dude. Even though he is not complimentary of the genre, he accepts the fact that Dick could not have been published as a mainstream author.
Emmanuel Carrère examines Philip K Dick in I Am Alive and You Are . However, Dick was continually looking for the form which would best suit his ideas.
Emmanuel Carrère examines Philip K Dick in I Am Alive and You Are Dead. Michael Moorcock on one of science fiction's strangest sons. The publisher, perhaps believing books that cheap couldn't be any good, passed. I wrote to Dick saying he was being undersold. No great stylist, his problem was that he had a hard time putting a story together without the conventions of genre fiction.
Emmanuel Carrere, Emmanuel Carrère As disturbing and engrossing as a book by its subject, Carrère's . Carrère makes a pretty good stab at the journey: Philip K Dick's mind must have been a pretty strange place
Emmanuel Carrere, Emmanuel Carrère. As disturbing and engrossing as a book by its subject, Carrère's unconventional work interweaves life and art to reveal the maddening genius whose writing foresaw-from cloning to reality TV-a world that looks ever more like one of his inventions. Carrère makes a pretty good stab at the journey: Philip K Dick's mind must have been a pretty strange place Читать весь отзыв.
Emmanuel Carrère; Translated by Timothy Bent. The San Diego Union Tribune. Emmanuel Carrère's I Am Alive and You Are Dead: A Journey into the Mind of Philip K. Dick is remarkable-a depth charge, a CAT scan, and an exorcism. Carrère, whose own eerie novels include The Adversary, proves that it's still possible for the French to write like Voltaire rather than Derrida. Informed, affectionate, sardonic, he is also crystal clear. John Leonard, Harper's. Consistently fascinating and brilliantly written.
Carrere provides non-judgmental look at Dick's life. Published by Thriftbooks. com User, 12 years ago. I Am Alive and You are Dead by Emmanuel Carrere has been on my books to read list for awhile
Carrere provides non-judgmental look at Dick's life. I Am Alive and You are Dead by Emmanuel Carrere has been on my books to read list for awhile. I have a weakness for biographies and autobiographies of writers, and if it's a writer who I all but worship as a god, well, all the better. Philip K. Dick is one of those writers who, once I discovered all those years ago with Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?, felt compelled to read every book I could get my hands on.
Read unlimited books and audiobooks on the web, iPad, iPhone and Android. For his many devoted readers, Philip K. Dick is not only one of the "one of the most valiant psychological explorers of the 20th century" (The New York Times) but a source of divine revelation
Читать бесплатно книгу I am alive and you are dead. Тематика: Science fiction, American - History and criticism. Полное библиографическое описание. Carrère, Emmanuel (1957
Читать бесплатно книгу I am alive and you are dead. A journey into the mind of Philip K. Dick (Carrère . и другие произведения в разделе Каталог. Доступны электронные, печатные и аудиокниги, музыкальные произведения, фильмы. Science fiction, American - History and criticism. Персоналии: Дик Филип Киндред. Carrère, Emmanuel (1957- ). I am alive and you are dead : a journey into the mind of Philip K. Dick, Emmanuel Carrère ; translated by Timothy Bent. New York : Picador : Henry Holt and Company, 2004.
Timothy Bent: Books,I Am Alive and You Are Dead: A Journey . Binders & Binding Systems 100 BCW Current Comic Book Bags and Boards
Timothy Bent: Books,I Am Alive and You Are Dead: A Journey into the Mind of Philip K, Dick: Emmanuel Carrère. A Journey into the Mind of Philip K I Am Alive and You Are Dead Dick. Dick: Emmanuel Carrère, Dick I Am Alive and You Are Dead A Journey into the Mind of Philip K, A Journey into the Mind of Philip K I Am Alive and You Are Dead Dick, I Am Alive and You Are Dead: A Journey into the Mind of Philip K, Timothy Bent: Books. Binders & Binding Systems 100 BCW Current Comic Book Bags and Boards. Timothy Bent: Books,I Am Alive and You Are Dead: A Journey into the Mind of Philip K, Dick: Emmanuel Carrère.
For his many devoted readers, Philip K. Dick is not only one of the "one of the most valiant psychological explorers of the 20th century" (The New York Times) but a source of divine revelation. In the riveting style that won accolades for The Adversary, Emmanuel Carrère's I Am Alive and You Are Dead, follows Dick's strange odyssey from his traumatic beginnings in 1928, when his twin sister died in infancy, to his lonely end in 1982, beset by mystical visions of swirling pink light, three-eyed invaders, and messages from the Roman Empire. Drawing on interviews as well as unpublished sources, he vividly conjures the spirit of this restless observer of American postwar malaise who subverted the materials of science fiction--parallel universes, intricate time loops, collective delusions--to create classic works of contemporary anxiety.
Subcategory: History & Criticism
Author: Emmanuel Carrère,Timothy Bent
Publisher: Picador; Reprint edition (June 1, 2005)
Other Formats: lrf doc lrf azw
I'm a Russian Occupant
There is a sense in which this is a strange book about a very strange man.It's basically a biography but it's a biography by a novelist and at times reads like a pretty good novel.I'd have to say Dick lends himself to that approach.He wasn't exactly Mr.Mainstream.Undeniably bright , talented and extremely imaginative , Dick was a self destructive mess.I'd say as he got older it sounds like he was completely loosing it.Harlan Ellison had promoted the myth of Dick as groovy counter cultural guy and eventually Dick - embarrassingly tried to live the myth.Dick had little higher education .This is sometimes a strength particularly when it frees you from academic pretension but it can be a disadvantage.It was for Dick.A little organized learning and academic discipline would have done him a world of good.It might have freed him from a tendency to wander off in a thousand disorganized directions at once.I almost hate to do it but I feel compelled to compare him to Ursula LeGuin in this context.My point is not that she is a better writer - perse- (although she is a much better literary stylist)-but in part because of her more academic, intellectual background LeGuin comes across as more grounded and lucid than Dick.Still , Dick wins the mad genius award!I tend to like him best at his craziest-UBIK ,VALIS ,THE DIVINE INVASION, PALMER ELDRITCH.Finally, my favorite anecdote, Dick convincing himself that Stanislaw Lem was trying to lure him to Warsaw so the KGB could take control of him.
Taun
Wow! What can you say about Philip K. Dick and this biography? I mean, I knew Philip K. Dick was a paranoid, but I had no idea to what degree he was. Stunning. I'm surprised he didn't die from a stroke much earlier in his short life. This book also confirmed for me that many of Dick's books were written in a drug addled state, although he only took LSD once — everything else was uppers, for the most part. It's how he churned out his novels so fast.
It seemed to me that Dick had a miserable, tortured life, and I left the book feeling quite sorry for him. His interactions with women played a significant role in his life — he was married five times. We can see elements of these women in some of his works. However, I thought the biographer kind of glossed over some really critical information about these relationships for several of the marriages. I think more could have been learned about Dick if more were put into that area.
I always wondered if Dick was writing from his life, if he was as paranoid as his characters, as caught up with alternative worlds and realms of being. This book seems to answer those questions with a resounding yes, I was right! He really did seem to write from his life. Clearly, he was one messed up dude. However, his literary gems wouldn't exist today without his tortured life to serve as an example for him. On the whole, it was a pretty sound book, and I don't know how Carrere pulled off such a comprehensive work.
Ttexav
My readings of Philip K. Dick's fiction spans 40+ years. I am one of the dedicated science fiction readers that Carrere views with some derision in this book. Even though he is not complimentary of the genre, he accepts the fact that Dick could not have been published as a mainstream author. I would go further to say that most "mainstream" readers would not have understood any of Dick's ideas. This expressed, "I Am Alive and You Are Dead" is an amazing achievement. I am not sure if it is not in part a fictional biography in that there are thought processes and conversations Carrere had to have created rather than documented. But... the picture of Dick's mind holds together so amazingly well and Carrere's exceptional command of facts and language makes the biography transcend any that I have read before. Carrere's treatise follows events in Dick's life chronologically and is easy to follow. What is not so easy to follow are the amazing machinations of Dick's brilliant and disturbed mind. But I feel I know Philip K. Dick much better for having read Carrere's probing and insightful biography. And reading this biography makes me want to read Dick's works again because I believe wholeheartedly that now I might delve deeper and understand more for having read Carrere's work. There is nothing superficial about this book. It is quite obviously a labor of love and the subject a man of deepest interest to the author. He has done the subject proud, in my estimation. Now, I am off to read "VALIS" for the second time feeling that what was obscure will now be revealed. Highly recommended.
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Распа́д Югосла́вии — обобщённое название событий 1991—2008 годов, в результате которых бывшая Социалистическая Федеративная Республика Югославия (СФРЮ) разделилась на шесть независимых стран и одно частично признанное государство. Процесс распада государства берёт начало в 1991—1992 годах, когда от СФРЮ отделились четыре из шести республик (Словения, Хорватия, Босния и Герцеговина и Македония). Тогда же на территорию сначала Боснии и Герцеговины, а затем автономного края Косово были введены миротворческие силы ООН.

Югославия, в которой оставалось две республики, превратилась в федерацию в составе Сербии и Черногории: c 1992 по 2003 год — Союзная Республика Югославия (СРЮ), с 2003 по 2006 год — конфедеративный Государственный Союз Сербии и Черногории (ГССЧ).

В 1999 году США и их союзники провели военную операцию в автономном крае Косово, который оказался под протекторатом ООН. Операция оправдывалась как гуманитарная интервенция, но она была проведена без мандата ООН, в связи с чем законность её проведения оспаривается и характеризуется некоторыми критиками как военная агрессия.

3 июня 2006 года, с выходом из союза Черногории, Югославия окончательно прекратила существование.

17 февраля 2008 года в одностороннем порядке была провозглашена независимость Республики Косово от Сербии.

Предпосылки
В конце 1940-х — начале 1960-х годов политика руководства СФРЮ была основана на совмещении идеологии «пролетарского интернационализма», этнотерриториальной федерации и личной диктатуры Иосипа Броза Тито. Но подавление процессов национального самоопределения народов Югославии могло быть эффективным только при сохранении власти в руках одного правителя и узкого слоя его «соратников». Уже с начала 1960-х годов усилилась борьба внутри Союза коммунистов Югославии (СКЮ) между сторонниками реформ и усовершенствования федерализма, с одной стороны, и приверженцами «жёсткой линии», в том числе и усиления централизма, с другой.

В 1971—1972 годах реформистские движения в Словении, Хорватии и Сербии во главе с лидерами республиканских союзов коммунистов стали набирать силу, и Тито понял, что это представляет угрозу для его режима. В 1971 году им было покончено с «хорватской весной» (так называемыми «националистами»), а в 1972 году были разгромлены «либералы» в Сербии. Та же участь постигла и словенских «технократов», а также реформистов в союзах коммунистов Македонии и Боснии и Герцеговины.

По Конституции СФРЮ 1974 года была создана система, которую позднее назвали «системой сдержек и противовесов»: сербское население в Хорватии и Боснии было противовесом национальным устремлениям хорватов и боснийцев, а созданные в Сербии автономные края Косово и Воеводина сдерживали сербский национализм.

4 мая 1980 года 87-летний Тито умер. Пост президента был упразднён, а власть перешла в руки коллективного руководства, которое, однако, очень быстро дискредитировало себя в глазах общества. Весной 1981 года на фоне тяжёлого общеюгославского экономического кризиса обострились противоречия между албанцами и сербами в Косове (см. Беспорядки в Косове (1981)). В 1986 году в белградской газете «Вечерние новости» был опубликован меморандум Сербской академии наук и искусств (САНИ), ставший манифестом сербских националистов. Этот документ состоял из двух частей — анализа положения в Югославии и требований националистического крыла сербского общества, включая и антикоммунистически настроенных диссидентов, подвергавшихся преследованиям властей. После публикации меморандум подвергся критике как со стороны официальных властей Сербии, так и со стороны политического класса и интеллектуалов в других республиках СФРЮ. Однако впоследствии идеи и концепция этого меморандума получили широкое распространение в сербском обществе и заложенные в нём идеи в конце 1980-х — начале 1990-х годов стали активно использоваться различными политическими силами.

Меморандум САНИ подрывал с трудом удерживавшийся наследниками Тито этнополитический и идеологический баланс в стране. В частности, его результатом стали многотысячные митинги по всей Сербии «в защиту Косова». 28 июня 1988 года, в день Битвы на Косовом поле, во время митинга на Косовом поле лидер коммунистов Сербии Слободан Милошевич сказал: «Я хочу вам сказать, товарищи, что вы должны оставаться здесь. Это — ваша земля, это — ваши домашние очаги, ваши поля и сады, это — ваша история. Вы не должны оставлять эту землю только потому, что жизнь здесь трудна, потому, что вы подвергаетесь унижениям. Сербы и черногорцы никогда не пасовали перед трудностями, никогда не отступали в часы сражений. Вы должны оставаться здесь — во имя ваших предков и ваших потомков. Югославия не существует без Косова!»

Милошевич приступил к ликвидации автономных образований в составе Сербии, используя для этого народное движение. 4 октября 1988 года в Бачка-Паланке толпа потребовала отставки правительства Воеводины. На следующий день Милошевич возглавил народный поход на Нови-Сад. Югославская народная армия отказалась разгонять шествие, и власти Воеводины ушли в отставку. 17 октября того же года в отставку ушли власти Косова, которых сменили лояльные Милошевичу политики.

10 января 1989 года в Титограде прошла демонстрация перед зданием местного парламента с требованием отставки правительства, которое выполнило это требование уже на следующий день.

Началом волнений в Словении стал процесс «люблянской четвёрки». В мае 1988 года словенский журнал «Младина» собирался опубликовать скандальную статью «Ночь длинных ножей» о якобы готовящемся в Югославии военном перевороте. Но статья не была тогда опубликована, а властями были арестованы трое диссидентов и армейский прапорщик, передавший им материалы для статьи. За арестованных вступились — был ряд петиций об их освобождении. Власти пошли на уступки — до приговора обвиняемые были оставлены на свободе (а один даже продолжил редактировать «Младину»). В июне 1988 года начался военный суд над «четвёркой», проходивший в Любляне без участия защитников. Уже первое заседание 21 июня 1988 года собрало митинг перед судом до 15 тыс. человек, а 23 ноября, когда приговор (тюремный срок от пяти месяцев до четырёх лет) утвердили, перед словенским парламентом собралось около 10 тыс. человек, причём на этот раз митинг показывали в прямом эфире.

Недовольство словенского населения только усилилось. 11 января 1989 года был учреждён Словенский демократический союз. В мае 1989 года в Любляне на митинге была принята «Майская декларация» с требованием создать «суверенное государство словенского народа». Уже в сентябре того же года словенский парламент изменил конституцию республики, установив, что Словения находится в составе СФРЮ «на основе постоянного, целостного и неотъмлемого права словенского народа на самоопределение вплоть до отделения и объединения». В 1989 году в стране возникло несколько оппозиционных партий, которые в конце года объединились в коалицию «Демократическая оппозиция Словении», которая получила более половины мест на выборах в республиканский парламент в апреле 1990 года. В июле 1990 года была принята Декларация о суверенитете Словении, которая провозгласила, что югославские законы действуют в республике лишь постольку, поскольку они не противоречат местной конституции. 23 декабря 1990 года прошёл референдум, на котором независимость Словении поддержали 88,5 % проголосовавших.

В июле 1989 года в Книнской Краине во время праздника по поводу 600-летия Косовской битвы были поставлены и вопросы положения сербов в Хорватии: упоминалось право на собственную культуру, язык и употребление кириллицы. Праздник был прерван хорватскими республиканскими властями после того, как на праздновании начали петь народные сербские песни. Властями это было расценено как проявление национализма. Сразу после праздника были арестованы некоторые сербские общественные деятели, в том числе руководитель только что созданного культурно-просветительского общества «Зора» Йован Опачич. В августе 1989 года Сабор Хорватии принял закон о языке, в котором сербский язык как язык сербского народа в Хорватии не упоминался.

Этнонационализм выглядел и в глазах других политиков простым и «удобным» способом политической мобилизации. В 1990—1991 годах стали нарастать противоречия между Сербией и Словенией, Сербией и Хорватией — конфликты экономического, политического, а затем и этнотерриториального характера. В центре борьбы оказались районы Хорватии, населённые сербами, а также Босния и Герцеговина. Сербы и хорваты в Боснии и Герцеговине ставили вопрос о присоединении территорий их компактного проживания, соответственно, к Сербии и Хорватии. Боснийские мусульмане, составлявшие относительное большинство (43,5 %), выступали за сохранение целостности Боснии и Герцеговины, поскольку только это могло обеспечить целостность территорий, на которых они проживали. Однако при этом две другие крупнейшие общины (сербы и хорваты) воспринимались боснийскими властями как «национальные меньшинства», и любые модели государственного устройства БиГ, кроме унитарной, отвергались. «Разделить» Боснию и Герцеговину согласно этноконфессиональной принадлежности населения было практически невозможно — «чистые» этнические территории в ней отсутствовали. Значительную роль в нарастании межнациональных противоречий играли воспоминания о событиях периода Второй мировой войны, в частности о геноциде сербов, организованном режимом усташей в Независимом государстве Хорватия.

Также появились антисербские стереотипы и за пределами Югославии. Так, Георг Райсмиллер писал в газете «Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung»: «Словенцы и хорваты, по традиции ориентированные на демократию, благодаря их западно-католическому наследию… оказались в уникальной ситуации: они могли наконец освободиться от произвола сербских деспотов и сербско-коммунистических "угнетателей и завоевателей"».

Скупщина общины Книн 10 апреля 1990 года на совместном заседании всех палат приняла решение заключить Договор об объединении сербских общин Далмации и создать Объединение общин Далмации и Лики. По мнению российского исследователя Елены Гуськовой, сербов беспокоили отказ хорватских властей предоставить им культурную автономию и ужесточение антисербской кампании.

На XIV (чрезвычайном) съезде СКЮ 22 января 1990 года он фактически прекратил своё существование как единая партия. Ещё до завершения съезда его покинули делегации Словении, Хорватии, Боснии и Герцеговины и Македонии. После этого республиканские организации СКЮ стали превращаться в самостоятельные, не зависящие от центра партии, каждая из которых имела свои особенности и действовала своими силами в зависимости от ситуации в той или иной республике. Тем не менее, накануне многопартийных выборов 1990 года в стране действовали две общесоюзные политические силы — коммунисты и Союз реформаторских сил (реформисты), созданный в июле 1990 года соратником Тито Марковичем. Реформисты организовали отделения в каждом субъекте Югославии и выступали за сохранение единства СФРЮ при условии проведения реформ. На стороне реформистов была часть интеллигенции, в частности известный режиссёр Кустурица.

11 ноября 1990 года на первых многопартийных парламентских выборах в Македонии большинство мест получила оппозиция. 18 ноября 1990 года состоялись первые многопартийные парламентские выборы в Боснии и Герцеговине. Победу на них одержали три националистические партии: мусульманская Партия демократического действия, Сербская демократическая партия и Хорватский демократический союз Боснии и Герцеговины. 9 декабря 1990 года по результатам первых многопартийных выборов в Черногории и Сербии у власти там остались Союз коммунистов Черногории и Социалистическая партия Сербии (преемница Союза коммунистов Сербии) во главе со Слободаном Милошевичем. В других республиках общесоюзные партии потерпели сокрушительное поражение. Например, в Боснии и Герцеговине коммунисты и их союзники получили 9 % мест, а реформисты А. Марковича — только 5 % мест, несмотря на то, что их поддерживали в регионе подконтрольные союзным властям газета «Борба» и телевидение ЮТЕЛ.

Ситуация в Хорватии усугублялась националистическими мерами республиканского правительства. В июне-июле 1990 сербскохорватский язык был изменён на хорватский, сначала было изменено название, а затем и грамматические нормы языка. В служебной переписке и в СМИ было запрещено кириллическое письмо. Из школьных программ были изъяты тексты по сербской истории, сербские писатели и поэты. Сербов в государственных учреждениях заставляли подписывать «листы лояльности» новому хорватскому правительству. Отказывавшихся делать это немедленно увольняли. Особенно заметно это было в системе МВД, причём часть служащих там сербов была арестована. Оказывалось давление на представителей сербской интеллигенции. Тогда же начались многочисленные нападения хорватских экстремистов на Сербскую православную церковь. Были отмечены случаи избиений священников, провокаций у храмов во время богослужений, минирования храмов и осквернения могил. В 1991 году в этих действиях активное участие принимала хорватская полиция — арестовывала священников, запрещала верующим собираться, мешала проведению праздников.

Выдвигались различные проекты реформ СФРЮ — совершенствование федерации, превращение её в конфедерацию. Но уже со второй половины 1990 года движения национальных меньшинств (прежде всего, косовских албанцев в Сербии и книнских сербов в Хорватии) от первоначального требования автономии в рамках существовавших республик все более явно переходили к требованиям отделения «своих» этнических районов — либо с провозглашением независимости (Косово), либо с присоединением к другим республикам (сербы в Хорватии — к Сербии). Началось формирование самопровозглашённых сербских образований на территории Хорватии. Предвестником будущего межнационального насилия стала жестокая массовая драка между сербскими и хорватскими болельщиками во время футбольного матча в Загребе в мае 1990 года.

23 мая 1990 года председателем скупщины общины Книн был избран Милан Бабич, зубной врач по профессии, член главного комитета СДП, бывший коммунист и делегат на Съезде Союза коммунистов Хорватии. Вокруг него сформировался круг национально ориентированных сербов, которые начали работу по объединению сербских общин в Хорватии. Причём, делали это на основе конституции Хорватии, которая это формально позволяла.

Скупщина Книна 27 июня завершила создание Содружества шести общин Лики и Северной Далмации. Желание объединиться выразили общины Книн, Бенковац, Обровац, Доньи-Лапац, Грачац и Титова-Кореница.

25 июля 1990 года в небольшом городе Срб в Лике состоялся съезд Сербской демократической партии. Число её сторонников и просто зрителей, собравшихся на съезде оценивается в 120 000 — 200 000 человек. На съезде были сформированы законодательный орган власти — Сербский сабор и исполнительный орган — Сербское национальное вече. Была также принята декларация о суверенитете и автономии сербского народа. Требования сербов касались употребления кириллической графики, сохранения сербских школ и соответствующих школьных программ, культурных и политических институтов, предприятий, печати и сербского радио и телевидения. Председателем Сербского национального веча был избран тот же Бабич, что во многом определило радикализацию сербского движения за автономию.

16 августа 1990 г. Сербское национальное вече приняло решение провести референдум по вопросу автономии сербов в Хорватии.
Хорватские власти объявили референдум незаконным и пообещали помешать ему всеми возможными средствами. 17 августа 1990 года они послали в сербские области в Северной Далмации специальные подразделения МВД, чтобы изъять оружие у резервного состава местной милиции и помешать проведению референдума. Ночью хорватский спецназ напал на милицейский участок в Бенковаце. Ответом сербского населения стали многочисленные баррикады на дорогах и патрулирование населённых пунктов ополченцами. Местные секретариаты милиции под руководством Милана Мартича начали раздачу оружия со складов как милиционерам, так и гражданским лицам, желавшим оборонять Книн, а Милан Бабич объявил военное положение в Книне и его окрестностях. На референдуме за сербскую автономию высказались 756 549 человек, против — 172, недействительных бюллетеней было 60.

21 декабря 1990 года в Книне была провозглашена Сербская Автономная Область Краина.

Первоначально и союзный центр, и республики действительно стремились разрешать возникавшие конфликты на основе уже начинавших противоречить друг другу союзной и республиканских конституций: федеральные власти провозглашали незаконными решения республиканских органов, а те, в свою очередь, делали то же самое по отношению к самопровозглашённым образованиям.

В начале конфликта использовались политические методы и экономические рычаги (отключение Сербией подачи электроэнергии в Словению, бойкот в Сербии словенских товаров и так далее). Затем население начало вооружаться само и его стали вооружать местные власти, при этом использовались как воинские склады территориальной обороны — на которые в конце 1980-х годов было передано устаревшее, но в боевом состоянии вооружение из ЮНА, так и нелегальные закупки за границей.

В начале марта 1991 года после того, как после начавшихся в Хорватии увольнений сербов из органов МВД сербские милиционеры захватили полицейский участок и муниципальные учреждения, взяв в плен нескольких хорватских полицейских, хорватский полицейский спецназ взял штурмом город Панкрац и вытеснил из него сербских ополченцев. Для предотвращения дальнейших столкновений в город были введены части Югославской народной армии.

31 марта 1991 года произошло столкновение между силами сербской территориальной обороны, поддерживаемыми добровольцами из Сербии, и хорватскими полицейскими в районе национального парка Плитвицкие озёра в Хорватии, в ходе которого были убиты два человека.

Итогом стали провозглашение независимости Словении и Хорватии, вооружённые столкновения в Словении между Югославской народной армией и силами самообороны в июне-июле 1991 году и начавшаяся в том же году война в Хорватии, в которой помимо регулярной армии принимало участие и население (комплектуя «военизированные формирования», создавая свои этнотерриториальные самопровозглашённые образования и изгоняя из них жителей «чужих» национальностей). В 1992 году началась и война в Боснии и Герцеговине.

Противоборствовавшие стороны

Основные стороны югославских конфликтов:
 Сербы, возглавляемые Слободаном Милошевичем;
 Боснийские сербы, возглавляемые Радованом Караджичем;
 Хорваты, возглавляемые Франьо Туджманом;
 Боснийские хорваты, возглавляемые Мате Бобаном;
 Краинские сербы, возглавляемые Гораном Хаджичем и Миланом Бабичем;
 Бошняки, возглавляемые Алиёй Изетбеговичем;
 Мусульмане-автономисты, возглавляемые Фикретом Абдичем;
 Косовские албанцы, возглавляемые Ибрагимом Руговой (фактически — Адемом Яшари, Рамушем Хардинаем и Хашимом Тачи).

Кроме них, в конфликтах участвовали также ООН, США и их союзники, Россия сыграла заметную, но второстепенную роль. Словенцы участвовали лишь в двухнедельной войне с федеральным центром, а македонцы же получили независимость мирным путём, однако через 10 лет всё равно попали в конфликт с албанцами.

Основы сербской позиции
Согласно мнению сербской стороны, война за Югославию началась как оборона общей державы, а закончилась борьбой за выживание сербского народа и за объединение его в границах одной страны. Если из республик Югославии каждая имела право отделиться по национальному принципу, тогда сербы как нация имели право воспрепятствовать этому разделению там, где оно захватывало территории, заселённые сербским большинством, а именно в Республике Сербская Краина в Хорватии и в Республике Сербской в Боснии и Герцеговине.

Основы хорватской позиции

Хорваты утверждали, что одним из условий вступления в федерацию было признание права отделения от неё же. Туджман часто говорил, что борется за воплощение этого права в виде нового независимого хорватского государства (что у некоторых вызывало ассоциации с усташеским Независимым Государством Хорватия).

Основы позиции боснийцев

Боснийские мусульмане были самой немногочисленной из воюющих групп (если брать всю территорию конфликта, а не Боснию). Их положение было довольно незавидным. Президент Боснии и Герцеговины Алия Изетбегович избегал занимать ясную позицию до весны 1992 года, когда стало ясно, что прежней Югославии больше нет. Тогда Босния и Герцеговина провозгласила независимость по результатам референдума.

Последствия
Общее число жертв конфликтов на Балканах с начала 1990-х годов превышает 130 тысяч человек, а материальный ущерб исчисляется десятками миллиардов долларов.

По данным статистического дивизиона ООН, ВВП Сербии в текущих ценах упал с $ 40,5 млрд в 1990 году до $ 9,9 млрд в 2000 году, ВВП Черногории — с $ 1,8 млрд до $ 1,1 млрд. По оценке белградского Центра политических исследований, общий ущерб, нанесенный внешней торговле Югославии в 1992—1999 годах санкциями ООН и ЕС, гиперинфляцией и бомбардировками НАТО, составил $ 15,873 млрд, потери промышленного сектора за тот же период — $ 15,304 млрд.

Войны в Хорватии, в Боснии и Герцеговине и Косовский конфликт также вызвали массовые волны беженцев сербской национальности из этих стран. В результате Сербия оказалась на первом месте в Европе по количеству беженцев и вынужденных переселенцев.

Позиция иностранных государств
В ходе развития югославского кризиса мировое сообщество разделилось на тех, кто выступал за сохранение территориальной целостности Югославии (часто при условии проведения там реформ) и тех, кто поддерживал независимость югославских республик.
 Евросоюз занял в целом нейтрально-благожелательную позицию по отношению к признанию независимости республик. В Декларации брюссельского саммита ЕС, состоявшегося 17 декабря 1991 года была сказано, что Евросоюз признает все югославские республики, которые обратятся к нему с этой просьбой и будут соответствовать критериям признания. Уже 15 января 1992 года ЕС признал независимость Словении и Хорватии.
 США изначально выступали за территориальную целостность Югославии и не желали признавать независимость её республик. Только 7 апреля 1992 года США признали независимость Словении, Боснии и Герцеговины и Хорватии.

Раздел югославских активов и имущества
Раздел собственности СФРЮ затянулся надолго. Только в 2004 году вступило в силу (после ратификации Хорватии) заключенное в Вене соглашение, которое предусматривало раздел как золотовалютных активов СФРЮ, так и имущества её зарубежных дипломатических представительств. По этому соглашению, например, Малая Югославия получила 38,0 % золотовалютных активов СФРЮ и 39,5 % дипломатического и консульского имущества. Некоторые российские исследователи считают такой раздел несправедливым. Например, А. Генералов утверждает, что соглашение не учитывает вклад Королевства Сербии в общее имущество и что все югославские дипломатические представительства за рубежом до 1918 года принадлежали лишь Сербии и Черногории. Подобный аргумент не учитывает того факта, что большинство югославских дипломатических представительств за рубежом, которые существовали на момент распада СФРЮ, было создано в государствах, появившихся после 1918 года. Разделу между всеми республиками подлежали также долги перед Югославией. Например, долг СССР перед СФРЮ (около 806 млн долларов) был в 2003 году разделён в такой пропорции: Сербия и Черногория получили 38 %, Хорватия — 23 %, Словения — 16 %, Босния и Герцеговина — 15,5 % и Македония — 7,5 %. К апрелю 2016 года эти суммы были выплачены Россией (кроме части долга, причитающейся Боснии и Герцеговине).

Правопреемственность Югославии
С точки зрения ООН у СФРЮ нет страны-преемницы, в отличие от СССР, чьим продолжателем является Россия (в связи с чем членство РФ в ООН считается с 24 октября 1945 года). Союзная Республика Югославия (союз Сербии и Черногории) в 2000 году подала отдельную заявку на вступление в ООН, которая была удовлетворена 1 ноября того же года. Преемницей СРЮ в ООН является Сербия, членство которой считается в Организации с 1 ноября 2000 года. При этом Сербия после распада СРЮ не подавала новой заявки на вступление в ООН.

См. также
 Хронология распада Югославии
 Югославские войны
 Создание Югославии
 Десятидневная война
 Война в Хорватии
 Война в Боснии и Герцеговине
 Республика Сербская
 Этнические чистки
 Резня в Сребренице
 Беспорядки в Загребе на футбольном матче Динамо — Црвена Звезда (1990)
 Список обвиняемых Международным трибуналом по бывшей Югославии
 Гибель советских журналистов в Югославии 1 сентября 1991 года
 Тяжесть цепей
 Арбитражная комиссия Мирной конференции по Югославии

Примечания

Литература

 Гуськова Е. Ю. История югославского кризиса (1990—2000). — Москва: Русское право / Русский национальный фонд, 2001. — 720 с.
 Кузнецов Д. В. Югославский кризис: взгляд сквозь призму общественного мнения. — М.: УРСС, 2009. — 344 с.
 Ефременко Д. В., Мелешкина Е. Ю. Югославский метанарратив и современная югоностальгия в странах Западных Балкан // Политэкс. 2020. Т. 16, № 1.

Ссылки
 Сергей Романенко. ЮГОСЛАВСКИЙ РУБИКОН
 Виктор Дятликович. Полураспад ненависти
 ЮГОСЛАВСКИЕ ВОЙНЫ 1991—2001
 Александр Тарасов. Экономические причины югославской войны
 «Десятидневная война» (отделение Словении)
 Отделение Хорватии
 Стереотипы и распад Югославии
 Ю. С. Кирьяков, Е. Г. Волкова. Факторы распада СФРЮ и СССР
 Елена Чиркова. Диктатура противоречивого Тито
 Алексей Алексеев. Как санкции и войны уничтожили Югославию

Гражданские войны

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Giuseppe Marotta believes Juventus have secured a real coup in capturing the services of reigning World and European champion Fernando Llorente on a free transfer from Athletic Bilbao.
Despite a number of clubs vying to acquire his signature this summer, the 28-year-old opted to lend his considerable talents to the already star-studded squad at the disposal of Antonio Conte.
The Spanish international has already proven his credentials at the highest level and enjoyed considerable success for both club and country. Marotta insisted that these qualities would make the frontman an ideal fit at Juventus and would certainly boost the club's already versatile attack which has helped secure back-to-back Scudetto titles.
Marotta began: "He's a reigning World and European champion and his quality is undeniable. He's always scored a lot of goals and we're confident that he can do the same with us.
"He's a complete striker and ideally suited to Conte's style of play, he gives us a focal point up front and that aerial presence we've been lacking.
The press conference ended with Marotta addressing a series of enquiries regarding the club's potential upcoming transfer activity this summer, in particular with reference to Torino defender Angelo Ogbonna and Fiorentina forward Stevan Jovetic.
"There's been a lot of talk about Jovetic, but the difficult relations have made it a complicated matter. At the moment I don't see it as a possibility but anything can happen from now until the start of September.
"Ogbonna is a target, we've never tried to hide that. We would like to bring him in and we're currently holding talks with Urbano Cairo, so we'll see how that pans out.


text:
The Reluctant Swordsman
(This book is the most popular I ever wrote.) The great temple of the Goddess at Hann is the holiest place in Her world. Ancient priest Honakura prays that She do something about the corrupt swordsmen of Her temple guard. Enter Shonsu, mighty swordsman of the seventh rank, and Honakura joyfully greets him as the answer to his prayer. But the mighty Shonsu retorts that his name is really Wallie Smith and the Goddess can take her plan and stuff it.
Buy at Amazon.ca
How The Swordsman Was Summoned
"Keep my heart true to Your laws," Honakura warbled, laying a shaky left hand on the smooth brilliance of the tiled floor.
"Let me serve Your will with all my strength," he wailed, cracking on the high note as usual, and placing his equally frail right hand beside the left.
"And show my eyes Your purposes." This was the tricky part -- the ritual called for him to touch his forehead to the mosaic, but he had not achieved that maneuver these last fifteen years. He curled forward as far as he could. If the Goddess chose to stiffen his ancient joints, then She would have to settle for the best he could manage ... and of course She would.
He strained there for a moment, hearing the quiet chanting of other priests and priestesses nearby as they also made their way through the morning dedication. Then, with a quiet and unscheduled "Ooof!" of relief he pushed himself back to sit on his heels, place his palms together, and look up adoringly at Her. Now he was permitted a silent and private prayer, a personal appeal. He had no doubt what it would be, this day as many before it. Most High Goddess, do something about the swordsmen of Your guard!
She did not reply. He did not expect Her to. This was not the Goddess Herself, but merely an image to assist humble mortals in visualizing Her greatness. Who should know that better than a priest of the seventh rank? But She would hear his prayer and one day She would answer.
"Amen!" he quavered.
Now he could start to plan his day, but he remained for a moment sitting on his heels, hands still together, reflecting, gazing up lovingly at the majesty of the Most High and the vast stone trelliswork above Her, the roof of Her temple, the holiest of all the holy places in the World.
He had many meetings planned -- with the Keeper of the Coffers, with the Master of Discipline for Acolytes, with many others, almost all holders of offices that Honakura himself had held at one time or another. Now he was merely Third Deputy Chairman of the Council of Venerables. That innocent-sounding title concealed much more than it revealed. Power, he had long since discovered, is best exercised in secret.
Around him the morning dedications were ending. Already the first of the day's many pilgrims were being led in to make their offerings and supplications. Money was clinking into the bowls; prayers being mumbled under the quiet prompting of priests. He would begin, Honakura decided, by guiding a few pilgrims himself. It was a worthy service to the Most Holy; it was a task he enjoyed; it was a good example for the juniors. He lowered his hands and glanced around in the hope that there might be someone handy to help him rise -- not the easiest of movements for him now.
At once a brown robe was at his side and strong hands assisted him. With a quiet mutter of thanks, Honakura reached his feet. He was about to turn away when the man spoke.
"I am Jannarlu, priest of the third rank ... " He was making the salute to a superior, words and hand gestures and bowings. For a moment Honakura reacted with shock and disapproval. Surely this young man did not think that so trifling a service could justify him in forcing himself on a lord of the Seventh? This place, before the dais and the idol, was the holy of holies, and while there was no law against conversation or formal saluting here, custom forbade it. Then he recalled this Jannarlu. He was old Hangafau's grandson, said to have promise. He must know better, and therefore must have good reason for the impropriety.
So Honakura waited until the salute was completed and then made the ritual response: "I am Honakura, priest of the seventh rank ... " One of Jannarlu's facemarks was still slightly inflamed, so he was a very new Third. He was tall -- much taller than the diminutive Honakura -- with a bony, ungainly presence and a hook nose. He seemed absurdly young, but then they all did these days.
Close by, an ancient crone dropped a gold in the bowl and began entreating the Goddess to cure the agony in her bowels. Beyond her a young couple were praying that She not send them any more children, for a few years at least.
As soon as Honakura had finished, the words spurted from Jannarlu: "My lord, there is a swordsman ... a Seventh!"
She had answered!
"You left him out there?" Honakura demanded furiously, keeping his voice down with difficulty, struggling not to show emotion to anyone who might be watching.
The Third flinched, but nodded. "He is a Nameless One, my lord."
Honakura hissed in astonishment. Incredible! With forehead covered and wearing only black, like a beggar, anyone could become a Nameless One. By law, such persons could bear no goods and must be on the service of the Goddess. Many regarded it as a special penance, so the practice was not uncommon among pilgrims coming to the temple. But for a lord of the Seventh to reduce his standing in such a way was highly unusual. For a swordsman of any rank it was almost unthinkable. For a swordsman of the seventh rank ... incredible!
It did explain how he had arrived alive.
Could he be kept alive?
"I told him to cover again, my lord," Jannarlu said diffidently. "He ... he seemed quite pleased to do so."
There was a hint of levity there, and Honakura shot him a warning glance while he pondered. Jannarlu's ugly brown face seemed slightly flushed.
"You did not hurry, I hope?"
The Third shook his head. "No, my lord. I followed ... " He gestured toward the sick old crone, who was now being helped up by her attendant priestess.
"Well done, priest!" said Honakura, mollified. "Let us go and see this wonder of yours. We shall walk slowly, conversing of holy matters ... and not in quite the right direction, if you please."
The young man blushed with pleasure at the praise and fell into step beside him.
The great temple of the Goddess at Hann was not only the richest and oldest building in the World, it was certainly the largest. As Honakura turned from the dais, he was faced with a seemingly endless expanse of gleaming, multicolored floor, stretching off to the seven great arches that formed the façade. Many people were walking there, coming or going -- pilgrims and their guides of the priesthood -- but so vast was the space that mere human beings seemed hardly larger than mouse droppings. Beyond the arches, out in the brilliant sunlight, lay a view of the canyon and the River and the Judgment, whose rumbling roar had filled the temple for all its many millennia. Along the sides of the wide nave stood the shrines of lesser gods and goddesses, and above them the fretted windows blazed in hues of ruby, emerald, amethyst, and gold.
Honakura's prayer had been answered. No ... the prayers of many. He was certainly not the only one of Her servants here to make that prayer each day, yet it was to him that the news had been brought. He must move with caution and courage and determination, but he felt warm satisfaction that he had been chosen.


text:
The Pirate Republic
There had been other pirate settlements in different places but none of them had worked quite the same way that Nassau did. There was a fort there. People stayed, they built a community on the land. Larger and larger numbers of pirate-minded people were showing up there and starting to develop an economy around themselves. Men like Edward Thatch, later known as Blackbeard, his sidekick, Black Caesar, a former slave, and the pied pirate that led them all there, Captain Benjamin Hornigold.
In the second episode, tensions rise between Benjamin Hornigold and Henry Jennings; their rivalry takes a new direction when Hornigold declares Nassau a pirate republic.
War, Pirate, Edward Thatch, Blackbeard, Benjamin Hornigold, Henry Jennings, Nassau, Bahamas
Hoist the Black Flag
Magellan Crossing
Secrets of Spanish Florida
Reinventing Russia
Samurai Sword
Foreigners in their Own Land
Conquistadors: The Fall of the Aztecs
Conquistadors: The Conquest of the Incas


2000 Chrysler Town and Country Front Lug Nut Replacement!
How to Change transmission Fluid in 2000 Pontiac Montana Van? Under the car, remove the bolt to transmission fluid container, and allow it to drain. Replace the bolt and add in a few quarts of transmission fluid, start the car and allow it to warm, check the fluid level and add more if needed.
Have a 2003 Pontiac Montana van 3.4 motor,122000 miles.P0300 code and costant misfire on #1 cylinder Response From Hammer Time You likely have misfires on other cylinders besides #1 because of the random misfire code.


A wispy soft sensual cloud of musk envelops the secluded chambers of the Sultans' Harem.
The exotic beauty of the concubines is enhanced by the sweet animalic notes of Amber and Benzoin, as they meticulously prepare themselves for the Sultans' call in the hope to arouse and entice the discerning one.
The combining scents of warm rich Vanilla and the intoxicating Damascene Rose heightens the mood of sensuality in the quarters.
The velvety Cashmere aroma invites intrigue. It is carnality at its finest. The warmth of a fireplace is provided by Woods and the green crisp earthiness of Vetiver which brings a grounding substance to the sweet floral blanket.


Too cute! I wonder if it was raised with cats or birds.
Yeah, he must have adapted from something else I would think. I love his mouth ... reminds me of a puppet ... lol. I hope he doesn't do that very long for his mother .... that would drive you crazy after a while. He sure is loud for a little puppy.


Marine aquaculture offers a great source of protein for the increasing human population, and farming of, for example, Atlantic salmon is a global industry. Atlantic cod farming however, is an example of a promising industry where the potential is not yet realized. Research has revealed that a major bottleneck to successful farming of cod is poor quality of the larvae and juveniles. A large research program was designed to increase our understanding of how environmental factors such as temperature and nutrition affects cod larvae development. Data on larvae growth and development were used together with nuclear magnetic resonance. The NMR data indicated that the temperature influenced the metabolome of the larvae; differences were related to osmolytes such as betaine/TMAO, the amino acid taurine, and creatine and lactate which reflect muscle activity. The larvae were fed Artemia from stage 2, and this was probably reflected in a high taurine content of older larvae. Larvae fed with copepods in the nutrition experiment also displayed a high taurine content, together with higher creatine and betaine/TMAO content. Data on the cod larvae metabolome should be coupled to data on gene expression, in order to identify events which are regulated on the genetic level versus regulation resulting from temperature or nutrition during development, to fully understand how the environment affects larval development.


Fountain Cottage is a comfortable one bedroom cottage attached to an old Rectory, where the Owner of the property lives.
Set in 3 acres of grounds at the heart of the village Conservation Area in Radipole.
Entering into the cottage which has accommodation all on one floor this property has a sitting room with a dining area, which has a woodburning stove allowing you to settle and watch the flames whilst relaxing on a winters evening.
Rustle up a cooked breakfast and sit and enjoy with a coffee on the kitchen breakfast table for two.
The property has one king-size bedroom and a luxurious corner bath.
On a summer evening enjoy sitting and relaxing in the garden enjoying the summer sun.
The lovely Wey Valley Walks pass right by the back gate at the old stone bridge across the trout river, and Radipole Lake RSPB bird sanctuary is a few minutes away.
In the village, the pretty medieval church is well worth a visit, nestled in a dip next to the manor house.
The cottage has its own garden with a barbecue, there is private car parking at the end of the drive.
In Weymouth town you will find a wide sandy beach, shops, a pretty harbour, lots of restaurants, coffee shops, tea rooms and the railway station.
You can walk into town passing along the shore of the big lake, through the attractive memorial gardens and tennis courts and on past the Swannery. A stone cottage for two this is the ideal place to spend quality time together, walking and exploring the local area.
All on one level, with one step down. One bedroom: 1 x king-size. Bathroom with corner bath, hand-held shower basin and WC. Kitchen. Sitting room with dining area.


Missouri St. at Oregon St.
LONG BEACH, Calif. — Ethan Thompson had 18 points and seven rebounds, and brother Stephen Thompson Jr. added 17 points to help Oregon State hold off Long Beach State 75-72 on Sunday.
Tres Tinkle, who entered the game ranked second in the Pac-12 with a scoring average of 21.8 points per game, was held to two points on 1-of-5 shooting in the first half and finished with 12 points, nine rebounds and four assists for Oregon State (5-1). Gilgorije Rakocevic added 10 points and six boards.
Ethan Thompson's 3-pointer and back-to-back buckets by Tinkle gave the Beavers a 46-42 lead with 14:40 left to play. Stephen Thompson's layup capped a 30-14 spurt and OSU had its first double-digit lead, 63-52, with 7:53 to play.
A layup by K.J. Byers pulled the 49ers within 69-67, but Ethan Thompson sank a jumper and Tinkle added two free throws to push the Beavers' lead to six. Once again Long Beach battled back, using Byers' 3-point play and two free throws by Deishuan Booker to get within 73-72 with 34 seconds remaining. But Oregon State's Zach Reichle sank two free throws with 11 seconds to go, and Booker and Jordan Griffin missed 3s for the 49ers in the final seconds.
Edon Maxhuni scored 10 of his 15 points in the first half for Long Beach State (2-5). Maxhuni was 3 of 4 from 3-point range while his teammates made just 1 of 12 from distance.


THE BIG BANG THEORY, THE MILLERS and TWO AND A HALF MEN all swept their time periods, leading CBS to a Thursday win in all key ratings measures, according to Nielsen preliminary live plus same day ratings for March 13.
Note: CBS had preemptions/delays in 2.4% of the US due to ACC and SEC basketball from 8:00-11:00 PM. Ratings for CBS are tentative and likely to change.
THE BIG BANG THEORY was first in viewers (17.26m), adults 25-54 (6.5/20) and adults 18-49 (4.9/17) and was the night's top program in these measures.
THE MILLERS was first in viewers (11.10m), adults 25-54 (3.7/10) and adults 18-49 (2.6/08).
TWO AND A HALF MEN was first in viewers (10.04m), adults 25-54 (3.7/09), and adults 18-49 (2.6/08) – beating "American Idol" by , +28% in adults 25-54, +24% in adults 18-49 and by +1.68m viewers (+20%) in the common half-hour. TWO AND A HALF MEN beat "Grey's Anatomy" in their common half-hour for the second straight week in adults 18-49.
THE CRAZY ONES averaged 7.01m viewers, 2.4/06 in adults 25-54 and 1.8/05 in adults 18-49. Compared to last week, THE CRAZY ONES was up +6% in adults 18-49 and added +50,000 viewers (from 6.96m, +1%).
At 10:00 PM, ELEMENTARY was first in viewers (9.03m) and second in adults 25-54 (2.4/07) and adults 18-49 (1.7/05). Compared to last week, ELEMENTARY added +490,000 viewers (from 8.54m, +6%).
For the night, CBS was first in viewers (10.58m), adults 25-54 (3.5/09) and adults 18-49 (2.5/08).


Day 1:After a transfer to the village of Imlil, we start our trek. We walk from Imlil (1740m) towards Tinerhourhine, hereby passing by Tamatert. We will have lunch on the col of Tizi 'n Tamatert (2279m). After lunch continue to Ouanesekra-Tamguist. Later we arrive at Tinerhourhine (1600m) where we will spend the night in a local gite.
Day 2:We depart from Tinerhourhine along the Imnane Valley, hereby we pass the Berber village Ikkiss (1700m). We then continue to Tizi n'Aguersioual (2000m) and will have our lunch at Matate (2000m). We will spend the night in a local gite in Aït Aïssa (1800m).
Day 3:We depart from Aït Aïssa and walk towards Tizi Oussem (1900m). We pass by Tizi Mzik (2400m), and the village of Mzik before arriving back in Imlil, transfer to Marrakech drop in your Hotel. 4 hours walking 1h30 drive.


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How Nighttime Posititioning Affects Clients and (Caregivers) the rest of the Day
Positioning 24/7
Clinical conditions and co-morbidities. Diagnoses and prognoses. Height, weight and the possibilities of fluctuations. Lifestyle elements, such as nutrition, overall activity levels and medications taken. Accessibility issues at home, in the car, in everyday environments. And of course, funding, funding, funding.
These multiple factors must be considered when a rehab team assesses a client for seating & mobility equipment — i.e., a wheelchair and seating system. After all, the client will spend significant time in the wheelchair to perform mobility-related activities of daily living, to work or study, to travel, to socialize and play, to undergo therapy.
The ideal seating & mobility system maximizes a client's functioning and independence, while also ensuring that medical needs are met. The ideal system also considers the needs of other family members or caregivers.
But what happens when the client leaves that wheelchair and gets into bed to rest or sleep? What happens to their positioning needs then?
Sleep as a Waking Concern
Judging from the proliferation of TV commercials for Ambien and Lunesta, not to mention new jargon such as "sleep debt" and "sleep driving," we are a sleep-deprived society.
The possible silver lining is that this nationwide problem has become a nationwide topic in mainstream media.
Elisha Bury is the editor of Respiratory Management, MM's sister publication that covers respiratory HME, including equipment used to treat sleep disorders.
"Fortunately, sleep has become a popular topic in mainstream media, and that is causing people to seek out information about sleep disorders, especially obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)," Bury says. "There are many organizations, such as the National Sleep Foundation, that are working to educate people about the importance of sleep hygiene and the basics of various sleep disorders."
Bury suggests that kind of education is urgently needed, as consumers have been generally slow to understand how harmful sleep disorders can be.
Sleep has a huge impact on overall health, says Sue McCabe, senior occupational therapist, The Centre for Cerebral Palsy, Perth Australia.
"Good sleep is essential for growth, development, physical health, mental health, well-being and function," McCabe says. "Research has shown that poor sleep is linked with health issues such as reduced immune function, reduced ability to recover from illness and surgery, and with heart disease and obesity. Sleep is linked with the management of seizures and of pain; it is linked with mental health, including depression and anxiety; it is linked with social and behavioral difficulties; and it is linked with function and performance, affecting motor performance, stamina, attention, memory and learning ability."
"Getting a good night's rest does a lot more for the body than just keep you refreshed the next day," says Mike Sedlak, group product manager of beds & therapeutic support surfaces for Invacare Corp. "It helps it recover from the day before, and your muscles are also a key part of that. If somebody's able to recover more quickly and be less fatigued during the day, there's a physical benefit that they'll have from a good night's rest."
But a good — and safe — night's sleep can be very difficult to attain for some people with mobility-related types of disabilities. And the effects of exhaustion can be particularly trying for those with underlying medical conditions.
"In general, you could say that the adverse effect of inadequate sleep amplifies the everyday challenges of disability," McCabe says. "We see in our clients that poor sleep affects physical stamina, attention, perseverance — so this affects participation at all tasks. This can apply to everyday tasks — as basic as sitting up straight, holding their head up, chewing and swallowing, paying attention in class, making the effort to interact with others, persevering with learning to drive their wheelchair or to accurately use the switches for their computer or communication device. We know that physical, mental and emotional performance is challenged for all of us when we have inadequate sleep. Further to this, people with disabilities may demonstrate daytime sleepiness — simply falling asleep in their wheelchair. People with epilepsy are likely to have increased severity and frequency of seizures if they have inadequate sleep. We notice that clients' uncontrolled movements may be more severe when they are tired."
Why People with Mobility Disabilities Can Be at Higher Risk
According to numerous sources, including the American Academy of Family Physicians, 80 to 90 percent of people who have sleep apnea are currently undiagnosed and therefore may not realize that they are more susceptible to other related medical conditions.
Imagine then the additional sleep challenges faced by people with mobility-related disabilities. If you've ever tried to sleep while sick with the flu – and had trouble because of fever, body aches, sinus or chest congestion, etc. — you've had a taste of how difficult it can be to get a healing night's sleep while feeling physically miserable.
McCabe adds that studies have shown more than 80 percent of clients with cerebral palsy (CP) have sleep difficulties, for a great range of reasons. Among them:
• Pain and discomfort due to muscle spasms and muscle tone pulling their body or limbs into uncomfortable positions.
• Pain and discomfort due to inability to change positions.
• Pain and discomfort due to uncontrolled movements that can startle the person awake.
• Breathing difficulties related to impaired cough, swallowing, saliva control or reflux.
• Pain and discomfort due to reflux.
• Gastro-intestinal problems, such as constipation or abdominal pain; many children with conditions such as CP have difficulty with oral intake.
• Discomfort due to incontinence.
• Discomfort due to temperature regulation difficulties related to impaired autonomic function, or effects of high activity/movement levels, or effects of being unable to remove or add bedding as required to maintain a comfortable temperature.
• Circadian rhythm disturbance (affecting their internal "body clock") caused by the neurological impairment.
• Effects of seizures — sleepy during the day due to seizures or medication, and then unable to sleep at night.
• Effects of seizures on sleep architecture, affecting the stages of sleep and the ability to sustain deep sleep.
• Effects of other interventions (such as splinting, serial casting, surgery).
• Effects of anxiety or depression.
In addition to breathing concerns, pressure relief is a major nighttime issue for clients unable to feel the type of pressure-related discomfort that would ideally cue them to roll over or otherwise reposition. Spinal cord injury clients, for example, may not be able to discern when pressure is building up on one portion of the body or may be unable to independently perform a weight shift to alleviate the situation.
"The pressure that is put on certain body parts can cut off the blood flow, and that can lead to a variety of complications, including and ultimately pressure ulcers building up," says Sedlak. "It can go from general redness and a sore spot on somebody's heel, for example, all the way up to open wounds, where they get exposed down to the bone and can be quite complicated to resolve."
And pressure sores, Sedlak adds, can raise a client's risk for a lifetime.
"There's a little bit of a misnomer out there that pressure ulcers are 'healed,'" he says. "The reality is they're never really healed. Pressure ulcers are areas of dead skin, essentially, and while that may heal over, it is still a little bit more suspect to injury. It's going to occur a little bit more quickly in that area."
The Role of Positioning in Sleep
While traditional sorts of sleep-related HME — such as Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) machines — work well for many able-bodied clients, they may be less effective for people with mobility-related disabilities such as CP.
"People with CP can have particular challenges with the management of their breathing during sleep," McCabe says. "They are more likely than the general population to have breathing difficulties, and yet less likely to be assisted by interventions such as CPAP or oral devices. This can be because they have reduced tolerance to the masks — due to behavioral difficulties or difficulties managing oral secretions, or atypical facial structure."
Those sorts of challenges, coupled with some clients' lack of sensation and/or inability to easily or independently reposition themselves, escalate the need for proper positioning around the clock.
"Nighttime positioning is an important aspect of 24-hour postural care," McCabe says. Referring to her clinical colleagues in Australia, McCabe notes, "Our knowledge of the importance of 24-hour postural care has developed over the past 10-plus years thanks to information provided by a number of clinicians, such as Liz and John Goldsmith, Pauline Pope and Terry Pountney — all based in the United Kingdom — who have all provided valuable information about the importance of 24-hour postural care for function, comfort and management of postural deformity.
"The notion of 24-hour postural care is more than positioning," McCabe adds. "It is to do with all the activities and interventions that will impact on a person's postural management. Having said that, nighttime positioning is an important part of the whole picture: Most people spend over one-third of their time in bed. If this time is spent unsupported, people with CP are likely to assume habitual postures, which over time become difficult to correct, leading to postural deformities, which of course then impacts on comfort, health and function. Time in lying — not just for sleep, but also when resting — is an important and valuable time to make sure that posture is supported in a position that is comfortable and as symmetrical as possible."
Sedlak agrees that the rehab team needs to be concerned about the various surfaces a client is on throughout the day. "It's not just at nighttime," he says. "It's anytime they're out of that chair. Oftentimes, somebody could come out of a chair and spend the daytime hours in a bed. So it's not just sleeping; it's anytime they're out of that chair, you have to be aware of what type of surface they're on."
What Nighttime Positioning Can Accomplish
Proper positioning at night, McCabe says, can help manage many factors that prevent a good night's sleep, including pain and muscle discomfort; exaggerated or uncontrolled movements that can result in a client becoming entrapped or hitting arms and legs against bedrails or walls; reflux; sleep apnea; temperature regulation; and pressure relief.
Pressure relief, Sedlak says, is the top priority of support surfaces and beds.
"A lot of focus for mobility products is put on proper positioning and seating of the patient while they're in that chair," he points out. "And many (clients) do spend their entire waking hours in their chairs. Where the focus gets lost a little bit is once they come out of the chair and you lay them on a standard mattress that isn't offering much relief of pressure ulcers. And if it's somebody that's not able to reposition themselves, they're going to be lying in the same position all night. If you don't have the proper surface underneath them, it could lead to that skin breakdown."
And by the way, competitive bidding aside — both beds and support surfaces were among the product categories bid in the now-postponed Medicare program — Sedlak says the funding picture for these items is relatively good.
"Prior to competitive bidding, (reimbursement) was very stable," he says. "There's a broad range of codes that encompass beds and support surfaces. There's a variety of not only codes for the products themselves, but codes for the reimbursement of them, such as (whether) they were a purchased item or if they were a rental item.
"The ones for the mattresses – E0184 – that one offers relatively good reimbursement for the product. If we consider the floor and the ceiling, it ranges from $21 to $24 a month on a rental basis and $165 to $195 from a purchase standpoint. So the funding is definitely there to be adequate to cover the investment that somebody might have to make on these products. Likewise for the powered surface: Floor to ceiling on those range from $650 to $700."
Sedlak says the powered support surfaces that can physically reposition a client in bed is usually treated as a rental item "because they are intended to be treatment; you qualify for those surfaces when you have a condition that needs to be treated. Once that condition is treated, you revert back to what's called a
Group 1 (pressure-reducing) type of surface. So you'll go back to a static surface."
Purchasing a powered support surface may be called for, Sedlak says, "if it's not as much a treatment as it is a need for a lifestyle. If you have somebody who cannot reposition themselves regardless – it's not rehabbing an injury or a pressure ulcer or anything like that, they cannot reposition themselves on their own – they would be the right candidates for a purchase of one of these systems.
"Somebody who is not able to turn on their own would most likely benefit from a lateral turning mattress. If they are constantly lying prone and aren't able to position themselves, they run the risk of fluid building up in their lungs and having some pulmonary distress from that. The lateral turning mattresses provide that motion to keep the fluids moving through your chest, through your lungs. And that's something that somebody would consider the purchase of."
Assessing client risk and therefore determining the type of support surface needed, Sedlak says, is often conducted by a team including a clinician, the supplier and perhaps a home health nurse or similar team member using the Norton or Braden scale as an evaluation tool (see sidebar) after a physician writes a prescription.
As for those increasingly popular, name-brand, high-end consumer beds designed to provide an ultra-comfortable, "custom" fit, Sedlak says, "There is a school of thought out there that for viscoelastic (foam) to work properly, it uses the body's heat to soften up the foam. Consequently, it traps the heat a little bit. It softens the mattress; you fold into it. That's nice and comfortable, but for somebody that might be running a fever or is prone to perspiring profusely, you don't want them laying in a surface that is raising their body heat. That will lead to perspiring, excess moisture and if they have a little bit of pressure on the back of the calves (for instance), now all of sudden, their skin starts to macerate. That could lead to the first signs of skin breakdown."
So while those types of beds can be very comfortable for able-bodied consumers without mobility-related conditions, "It's not really the intent of that to treat pressure ulcers," Sedlak says.
Advocating for 24/7 Solutions
Both McCabe and Sedlak agree that treating positioning with a 24-hours-a-day, seven-days-a-week attitude can be very beneficial to clients with mobility-related disabilities.
"In terms of postural care, it makes obvious sense to consider nighttime positioning," McCabe says. "Why put so much skill and resources into providing good positioning in seating, when clients may be spending even more of their time in lying, possibly in a position that is damaging and likely to contribute to the development of deformity? As you know, good positioning in seating is not just about postural care, it is about function. And this is the case too with positioning in lying: Function is still an issue — this function may be to do with breathing, swallowing, sleeping."
Asked if, generally speaking, a client who used a skin-protection wheelchair cushion could benefit from being assessed for support surface needs, Sedlak says, "I would agree with that thinking. If somebody is in some type of specialty seating, it's for a reason. Either they're a little contracted in their body positioning, they're not able to move, they could have thin skin or some of the other conditions we talked about. So yes, what you put them on in the nighttime hours is just as important. Certainly, it should be taken into account what some of those factors are."
Sedlak adds that providing proper positioning at all times, including at night, might improve the conditions of the entire household.
"The caregiver is almost the forgotten one in this whole mix of problems we're trying to resolve," he says. "The caregiver, just by their nature, is focused on the patient that's in the bed and oftentimes, they'll wake up in the middle of the night just to check on the patient. If they realize they are on a good surface and a reliable surface, and they have a lot of confidence that it's not going to shut off in the middle of the night and will provide the proper relief that the patient is looking for, they're going to be able to sleep more soundly through the night and then the next day provide a higher level of care for that patient."
"As previously mentioned, studies have shown that over 80 percent of people with disabilities such as CP may have sleep disturbance, and yet clients or their families/caregivers rarely ask for help in this area," McCabe says. Therefore, the task of raising the question of sleep and nighttime positioning may lie with the rehab team. McCabe says her clinic takes a "multidisciplinary approach" that includes not only herself as the OT and physiotherapist Linda Mercer, but also "we work in close partnership with the referring teams, which may comprise OT, physio, speech therapist, social worker, nurse — and we refer our clients to other clinicians when indicated, such as dietician, clinical psychologist or pediatrician, neurologist or respiratory physician."
Understanding sleep difficulties and the drastic impact they can have on clients' lives is a relatively new and growing field — says Respiratory Management's Elisha Bury, "Because sleep is a relatively new health field, there are many, many primary care physicians who do not understand sleep. As a result, they do not ask questions about how patients are sleeping at night, nor do they necessarily know how to prescreen for sleep apnea."
That means rehab technology suppliers may be in a more feasible position to ask the questions that can change clients and caregivers for the better.
"Even when we address nighttime positioning (in terms of postural care), families often do not report sleep difficulties unless we actually ask how they are sleeping," McCabe says. "Nor do they report safety issues — entrapment, vomiting during sleep, breathing difficulties during sleep, banging arms or legs against walls and siderails — unless we actually ask."
Assessing for Pressure Sore Risk & Support Surfaces
The venerable Norton Scale and newer Braden scale offer criteria to help clinicians, home health agencies, DME suppliers and other members of the health-care team assess for pressure sore risk in conjunction with choosing the most appropriate support surface. For instance, the Braden Scale asks the assessor to rate the client on ability to clearly and specifically express pain or discomfort, their skin moisture levels and frequency, and level of independent mobility and activity.
To read the Braden Scale for Predicting Pressure Sore Risk, go to www.bradenscale.com/braden.PDF
To read the Norton Scale, go to www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=
hstat2.table.4948
This article originally appeared in the October 2008 issue of Mobility Management.