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Paper: We Need Anonymous Sources
Posted on November 14, 2005 February 12, 2016 by Gregory Farnum
My third paper written in college; this was meant to be a comprehensive research paper. It actually ended up sucking pretty badly in terms of writing, but if you can look past the bad writing and the argumentative properties (I am arguing one side of it, after all), it serves as a decent introduction to the legal status of anonymous sources today. (Also, reading at least part of the court opinions and the decisions in the Judith Plame case are highly recommended.)
Why We Need Anonymous Sources
Journalists are considered the ultimate check on our government. They courageously uncover and report on governmental abuses and stories of great public importance. The information they provide has toppled administrations and shown the public the sorts of crimes we commit in the name of peace. One of their most important tools is the anonymous source; the whistle blower who is unwilling to speak on the record for fear of losing a job or breaking an unjust law. These sources have been instrumental in most of the journalistic coups of the last half-century, and it is clear that the entire country, through journalists, has come to depend on them.
Given this state of affairs, it is certainly worrisome, indeed even frightening, to see journalists jailed or fined for keeping confidential sources confidential. Yet, while often unreported in the mainstream press, this sort of thing happens far too often. We depend on journalists to bring us critical stories and keep the government (our representative to the world) honest, and journalists depend on their anonymous sources to tell these stories. An anonymous source by its very nature is worthless once exposed, and to protect the liberties and principles our country holds dear we need journalists to continue functioning. To help in that fight, we should both expect and encourage journalists to seek out information from sources who may refuse to speak on the record.
Inevitably, any argument for the use of anonymous sources depends on proving their benefit. Carl Bernstein & Bob Woodward's Watergate investigation relied on one such source: Deep Throat, now known to be former FBI associate director Mark Felt (Halloran), was crucial to the Watergate investigation, yet his anonymity survived thirty years and a Congressional investigation into the Watergate scandal. Without Deep Throat the true extent of the Watergate conspiracy would never have been uncovered; though Woodward & Bernstein's reporting was rampant with unidentified sources of all kinds, each of the few times their story was wrong it was their fault rather than their sources'.
More recently, The New Yorker reported in May 2004 (about a week after CBS' 60 Minutes 2 broadcast some images) that an Army investigation into the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq had found mounds of evidence on ethical and legal violations (Hersh). The article provided, in stunning detail, the records of an "Article 32 hearing" (essentially a precursor to court-martial) and the evidence found by the investigation. The scandal provoked a huge outcry from both the world community and the United States; in conjunction with troubles at Guantanamo Bay, this scandal has resulted in a recently-passed Senate bill that stringently defines torture and forces the United States to adhere to the same regulations outside our borders as we do within them, regardless of whether the prisoner is a citizen of the United States. (Kiely) These important (and hitherto presumed unnecessary) measures would never have occurred without the bravery of an anonymous source.
Other stories of successful and appropriate employment of anonymous sources abound. Laura Handman lists several of interest in her essay "Protection of Confidential Sources: A Moral, Legal, and Civic Duty." The "Pentagon Papers", a series of secret military documents that showed how the government knew that the military had been failing in Vietnam for years, were published only because an anonymous source was willing to commit a felony. Anonymous sources were also instrumental for reporters in a number of other stories, like those on the infamous Iran-Contra deal, the FBI's Surreptitious Entry Program ("routinely" used to break into private residences), the Anita Hill sexual-harassment case that nearly kept Clarence Thomas off the Supreme Court and increased awareness of sexual harassment, and a series of Pulitzer Prize-winning stories that exposed corrupt practices in fertility clinics (Handman 375).
Jonathan Alter put the case for anonymous sources well, writing in a follow-up to Newsweek's infamous Guantanamo Bay abuse story (alleging [apparently incorrectly] that guards had flushed a Quran down the toilet):
Confidential sources have been instrumental in breaking almost all of the landmark stories of the past half century, from the secret history of the Vietnam War (the Pentagon Papers) to Watergate and the Clinton-Lewinsky scandal (uncovered by the same Michael Isikoff now pilloried by the right); from the lies of the tobacco and nuclear industries (Karen Silkwood was one such source) to the truth about Enron. After 9/11, the American public first learned that Osama bin Laden was the culprit through confidential sources. Without leaks, readers and viewers would not have known that the FBI failed to connect the dots or that Al Qaeda was still recruiting within the United States or that reports of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq were false. Every day, anonymous sources help the media sort out which government agencies and businesses are telling the truth and which are not. (Alter 38.)
Given all of this, it is difficult to argue that the dangers of anonymous sources, or the missteps of reporters in utilizing them, can outweigh the good they have done our country in these and other cases.
While the government does not directly discourage the use of anonymous sources through legislation, it indirectly discourages their use through criminal investigations. While reporters can almost never be jailed for printing what they have heard, their sources can be jailed for illegally disclosing information. This leads to an ability to indirectly pressure reporters by requiring them to testify about how they obtained their information; testifying in such a case would be a compromise of the reporter's professional integrity, but even though many believe the First Amendment protects a "journalistic privilege," refusing to testify can land a reporter in jail for contempt of court, a la the Valerie Plame leak:
In a complicated and very political mess, several reporters at various news organizations were made aware that Valerie Plame, wife of Joseph Wilson, worked at the CIA. Because Mrs. Plame was technically a covert operative, any individual who learned her identity utilizing security clearance, and then identified her (or, technically, revealed her name) had committed a felony. The situation was further complicated because Joseph Wilson, an outspoken critic of the Bush Administration and the intelligence which led the USA into war with Iraq, had published an inflammatory editorial attempting to discredit some key intelligence. (McCollam 31-32) Two of the reporters who learned Mrs. Plame's identity (Matthew Cooper and Judith Miller; Miller never actually wrote about the discovery) refused to testify about their source in the grand jury investigation that followed, and were ordered jailed for contempt of court. (Zelnick 541-46) [Cooper later avoided jail by testifying after he received permission from his source; Miller stayed in jail for some 80 days before receiving similar assurances and a limit in the scope of her testimony.] (Madore)
In plenty of other cases, journalists are witnesses to some commonplace crime exclusively because of their profession, making the question of whether they can be forced to testify even more one of the First Amendment, as in the only Supreme Court case on reporter's privilege before Cooper and Miller's appeal. Branzburg vs. Hayes was a consolidated case of three journalists who had been subpoenaed for their knowledge of criminal acts and refused to testify. Paul Branzburg had witnessed two men preparing $5000 worth of hash in the course of writing a story on hippies; Earl Caldwell was a journalist trusted by the Black Panthers and allowed to witness their private conversations; Paul Pappas was allowed into Black Panther headquarters in New Bedford, Massachusetts in order to write a story on an expected police raid that never came. Each of them refused to testify when subpoenaed, and their appeal eventually went before the Supreme Court, which "resolved" the issue by delivering one of its most confusing decisions (Kenworthy).
In its decision on Branzburg v. Hayes the court split 5-4 in favor of requiring the reporters to testify. The dissenting opinion found a protection in the First Amendment, and outlined a "balancing test" that, despite its minority viewpoint in the original case, has become working precedent in the lower courts: "the government must (1) show that there is probable cause to believe that the newsman has information that is clearly relevant to a specific probable violation of law; (2) demonstrate that the information sought cannot be obtained by alternative means less destructive of First Amendment rights; and (3) demonstrate a compelling and overriding interest in the information ("Branzburg vs Hayes")." Even one of the concurring judges, Justice Powell, wrote a secondary opinion in which he worried about the possibility that special prosecutors could make the media into "an investigative arm of the government;" he said both that he could see a journalistic privilege developing in the future and that the government should not use the power of subpoenas to harass journalists; indeed, his opinion all but advises journalists to request that a judge quash every subpoena they receive.
And though the Supreme Court may not recognize a journalistic privilege against testimony about anonymous sources, it does recognize the right of an anonymous source to remain such. In 1982 Dan Cohen was an adviser to a Republican gubernatorial candidate in Minnesota who approached two reporters and offered to give them court records on the Democratic candidate, on the condition that Cohen himself be granted anonymity. The two reporters agreed, but the editors of their respective papers (the St. Paul Pioneer Press Dispatch and the Minneapolis Star & Tribune) decided to name Cohen in the resulting stories. After losing his job, Cohen sued the publishers and won many hundred thousands of dollars in damages ("Cohen vs. Cowles Media Co").
Wending its way up through the courts on appeals from both parties, the total award to Cohen was reduced (as it had initially included punitive damages, which a later court ruled were not legal) and then removed by the Minnesota State Supreme Court. The Supreme Court of the United States disagreed, and, in another 5-4 decision, ruled that Cohen could sue for the damages under breach of contract ("Cohen vs. Cowles Media Co"). While the likelihood of a court ruling that damages could be awarded to a source revealed under subpoena is small, the precedents set by this case and Branzburg seem too contradictory to each be held. Such cases are certainly enough to give pause to any reporter wishing to utilize a confidential source with important information.
Given the conflicts among these many cases, it seems clear that the Supreme Court should rule on a new case clarifying the reporter's privilege and responsibility with regard to confidential sources. And there is plenty of previously uncovered ground on which to stand. For instance, pastors, therapists, and lawyers all have privilege in court; none may be required to provide incriminating testimony on their client or penitent and some are prohibited from doing so by law. All of these examples of court privilege work directly for the client, often against the good of society, because people who know the truth about a crime aren't allowed to share it. Against this we have a journalistic privilege, which would protect leakers — but in important leak cases the source has usually provided a service to our country. So journalistic privilege would be a direct benefit to society, rather than an impediment as in the case of these other privileges. Moreover, journalists are recognized as being in a legal relationship with their source (as shown by Cohen; remember, he won damages for breach of contract) and as having a responsibility towards the source, similar in many ways to that of a lawyer or a therapist: the source, like a client, provides secret information to the journalist, may expect that the information be held confidential unless permission is given to the contrary, and may sue within the legal system if that confidentiality is broken.
Considering these arguments for a journalistic privilege, the conflicts between some of the Supreme Court journalistic privilege cases, and the state support of reporter's privilege — there are now 31 states that now have shield laws of their own, 18 others that have court precedents creating some level of journalistic privilege (McCollam 33), and a Justice Department policy limiting when its lawyers should subpoena reporters (Handman 586) — it seems the common law reporter's privilege has evolved to the point where it may be recognized by the Supreme Court even if it does not reside strictly in the First Amendment (though clearly a strong case may be made that it does). And in view of the arguments presented here, it seems proper to rule on the side of anonymity. But to decry the absence of such a ruling incorrectly implies not only that the Supreme Court alone can protect our rights, but also that journalists and justice must work in opposition.
In sharp contrast to subpoena cases like the Valerie Plame leak or Branzburg, some investigators have obtained valuable knowledge from journalists working in the same area. Woodward & Bernstein's Watergate investigation is one such example. Readers of All the President's Men are often left with the impression that Woodward & Bernstein did more to uncover criminal conduct than the Justice Department and the grand jury combined, and that Woodward & Bernstein's reporting was responsible for uncovering evidence that Watergate was part of a larger conspiracy rather than a single incident. The Ransom Center, which now owns all of Woodward & Bernstein's Watergate notes, began opening them in February 2005, and Professor David Greenberg of Rutgers University recently spent some time with the previously private files (Greenberg 51-52). He says
Consider the notes of an interview Woodward conducted with Sam Ervin on January 22, 1973, just after the North Carolina senator had been named to head the newly created Watergate Committee. At the time, the view that Watergate did not extend into the White House upper reaches, and that the burglars acted on their own, held sway. But Woodward and Bernstein reported the existence of a wider campaign of White House illegality. The interview notes show that Ervin was eager to learn the reporters' sources, indicating his interest in investigating beyond the boundaries the FBI had placed on his inquiry. "Want list of witnesses to subpoena," Woodward recorded Ervin saying, suggesting that he wanted to follow up on the Post's discover of a broader White House conspiracy … Ervin had apparently concluded that the official inquiries thus far had been inadequate, but that by pursuing Woodstein's [Woodstein is a combination of Woodward and Bernstein's last names first coined by their editor Ben Bradlee] leads, he might further unravel the Watergate mystery. He did.(52)
Such events as that described here provide a strong argument that prosecutors would be better-served by being friendly towards the press than intimidating them (intentionally or not) through subpoena.
Journalists perform services essential to this country, and anonymous sources help them in their task. Journalists and their anonymous sources act as a watchdog on both our government and corporations. They expose criminal conspiracies and give us windows into otherwise ignored areas of life. The relationship between journalist and source is important to each professionally and personally, and it is important to us societally. Unfortunately, pressure on journalists who make use of anonymous sources is becoming ever more common. If the Supreme Court will not provide the protection necessary, the people must do so through their representatives and pass a federal "shield law" preventing reporters from being required to testify about their sources.
Alter, Jonathan. "A Big Source of Frustration." Newsweek. May 30, 2005: 38.
Bernstein, Carl, & Bob Woodward. All the President's Men. 2nd ed. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994.
"Branzburg vs. Hayes, 408 U.S. 665 (1972)." Findlaw. 29 June 1972. Acc 14 Nov 2005. http://laws.findlaw.com/us/408/665.html.
"Cohen vs. Cowles Media Co., 501 U.S. 663 (1991)." Findlaw. 24 June 1991. Acc 15 Nov 2005. http://laws.findlaw.com/us/501/663.htm
Greenberg, David. "Beyond Deep Throat." Columbia Journalism Review. 44.3 (2005): 51-53.
Halloran, Liz. "Out of the Shadows." U.S. News & World Report. June 13, 2005: 26.
Handman, Laura. "Protection of Confidential Sources: A Moral, Legal, and Civic Duty." Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics, & Public Policy. 19.2 (2005): 575-588.
Hersh, Seymour M. "Torture at Abu Ghraib." The New Yorker. May 10, 2004: 42.
Kenworthy, Bill. "Branzburg vs. Hayes (1972)." Sheridan Con-Law. 12 July 2005. Acc 14 Nov. 2005. http://www.typepad.com/t/trackback/2810254
Kiely, Kathy & Diamond, John. "Fight over abuse law pits Bush against party allies." USA Today. 10 November 2005: 11A.
Madore, James T. "Freed, Reporter Testifies." Newsday. 1 Oct 2005: A07
McCollam, Douglas. "Why the Plame case is so scary: Attack at the Source." Columbia Journalism Review. 43.6 (2005): 29-37.
Zelnick, Robert. "Journalists and Confidential Sources." Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy. 19.2 2005: 541-52.
Posted in Politics, School PapersTagged hum1 Social analysis
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Q: Cygwin: bad reloc address linking la I am trying to install this python package on my cygwin(last available version) setup, using gcc and no windows/microsoft components at all. The package has many dependencies so it can take a while for you to try to install it. I guess the error is generic and you don't require to replicate the issue to provide insights on how to fix it.
I have found this error for several(all?) .la libraries on the package:
Making all in centrality
make[4]: Entering directory '/cygdrive/d/gdrive/Thesis/tech/urv tech/graph-tool-2.2.31/src/graph/centrality'
  CXX      graph_betweenness.lo
  CXX      graph_centrality_bind.lo
  CXX      graph_closeness.lo
  CXX      graph_eigentrust.lo
  CXX      graph_eigenvector.lo
  CXX      graph_hits.lo
  CXX      graph_katz.lo
  CXX      graph_pagerank.lo
  CXX      graph_trust_transitivity.lo
  CXXLD    libgraph_tool_centrality.la
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-cygwin/4.8.2/../../../../i686-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: warning: --export-dynamic is not supported for PE targets, did you mean --export-all-symbols?
.libs/graph_betweenness.o:graph_betweenness.cc:(.text+0x182b): undefined reference to `graph_tool::GraphInterface::GetNumberOfVertices()'
.libs/graph_betweenness.o:graph_betweenness.cc:(.text+0x19bd): undefined reference to `graph_tool::GraphInterface::GetNumberOfVertices()'
.libs/graph_betweenness.o:graph_betweenness.cc:(.text+0x1a68): undefined reference to `graph_tool::ValueException::ValueException(std::string const&)'
.libs/graph_betweenness.o:graph_betweenness.cc:(.text+0x1a87): undefined reference to `graph_tool::ValueException::~ValueException()'
.libs/graph_betweenness.o:graph_betweenness.cc:(.text+0x1ad1): undefined reference to `graph_tool::ValueException::ValueException(std::string const&)'
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-cygwin/4.8.2/../../../../i686-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: .libs/graph_betweenness.o: bad reloc address 0x6 in section `.text$_ZN5boost16exception_detail10clone_baseD1Ev[__ZN5boost16exception_detail10clone_baseD1Ev]'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Makefile:474: recipe for target 'libgraph_tool_centrality.la' failed

As I see .lo files are built, probably not correctly, and when it comes to generate the .la file is when I get the 'bad reloc address' error. In other words, my assumption is that because the .lo files are not correctly generated the .la built fails.
Doing some research I have found this bug reported and fixed back in 2009:
https://www.mail-archive.com/bug-binutils@gnu.org/msg07150.html
Based on it, I understand that an approach to try to fix the problem would be to replace the -export-dynamic flag by -export-all-symbols in the configure file the python library uses to install itself. There are two files that I modify: configure and [configure.ac][2]
Configure has this kind of export-dynamic mentions, related to other settings:
export_dynamic_flag_spec_CXX='${wl}--export-dynamic'
Configure.ac has this one only:
[MOD_LDFLAGS="-module -avoid-version -export-dynamic -no-undefined -Wl,-E -Wl,--as-needed"]
that I think is the key one because it refers to LD flags.
But if I do this, the project seems to break an I receive messages saying the files used in the build have the wrong version of libtool.
make[4]: Entering directory '/cygdrive/d/gdrive/Thesis/tech/urv tech/graph-tool-2.2.31/src/graph/centrality'
  CXX      graph_betweenness.lo
libtool: Version mismatch error.  This is libtool 2.4.2, but the
libtool: definition of this LT_INIT comes from libtool 2.4.
libtool: You should recreate aclocal.m4 with macros from libtool 2.4.2
libtool: and run autoconf again.
Makefile:507: recipe for target 'graph_betweenness.lo' failed

There are mentions also in aclocal.m4 that if I try to change cause additional problems related to build files version.
In addition, in ltmain.sh it is verified for some libraries if they have been generated with the flag export-dynamic.
So, several points here:

*

*what is the difference between the .la and the .lo libraries that the module tries to generate?

*I think the problem is related to differences in static and dynamic link but really don't know how to fix it. Are there other settings involved?

*In general, any hints on what to try?

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Q: How to find dependencies on Elasticsearch? I have a personal AWS account for tooling around, I currently mainly use it to host a python flask app.  In the past I've done various tutorials through AWS Popup loft and other things, so there's some random detritus still around.
In my monthly bill from AWS though, the majority of the charges are for AWS Elasticsearch.  From what I'm reading, it doesn't sound like I need this for anything in particular.  I suspect it's a leftover from a tutorial session on a set of features I don't use anymore.
My immediate question is: will shutting down my AWS Elasticsearch domain brick my flask app?
My general question is: how can I find out what is using my AWS Elasticsearch domain, or at least when it was set up?


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Question: How do you find balance in recovery?
Thanks for all the questions that have come up about recovery and healing from sexual addiction. From physical touching boundaries to whether or not the 12 steps work, the questions have been so helpful and created a real conversation.
Today's question comes from a brother who participates in the men's online meetings. It's about finding balance in recovery.
"Who has found or made good progress toward a healthy balance between recovery and personal development work and family/spouse time?
1. Balance is not a final goal, but an ongoing process.
Being balanced doesn't necessarily mean complete relaxation, an ongoing calm feeling or being happy all the time. In fact, based on the culture I've been raised in, I think there is some confusion about what it really means to be "happy" and balanced.
Balance actually may only occur for a small moment, but it can then appear over and over again if one is willing to let it.
Suggestion: Rather than trying to stay balanced, think of yourself as practicing balancing, over and over again. As we keep practicing finding balance, we will find it. Of course, we will lose it. But we will find it again.
Are we doing the most important things first? What are the "most important things"? The problem is often figuring out what is most important and then committing to that consistently.
Suggestion: In order to stay on course, you may have to re-examine your priorities regularly and share them with a sponsor or someone that can keep you accountable.
3. Set both long and short term goals.
This can be called Strategy and Tactics, where Tactics are the day to day, moment to moment things I do to help me achieve my Strategy – the long-term objectives.
Suggestion: Consider what your Strategy and Tactics might be. We focus a lot on living "one day at a time." Does that mean long-term goals need to be done away with?
People have better progress when they say things like, "I'm going to spend an hour alone with each child sometime this week," versus, "I'm going to have quality time with each of my children." Although quality time is a great concept, it's also really vague. Since it's so vague, it's hard to know whether or not you've accomplished that goal, which makes it hard to feel in balance.
5. It's often easier to find balance with another person.
Suggestion: Reach out! Connect with others in real ways. If you haven't yet, get a sponsor and work recovery together. Start doing check-ins with your wife. Call other people in your group during the week to let them know what your thinking and feeling and to see how they're doing. Connection is what we're all looking for.
How are you finding balance in recovery?
All important things; finding a balance can be tough.
What's working (or not working) for you?
I think balance is incorporating recovery in our lives as part of our lives. Not something we have to do but something we do. The mistake I made years ago was thinking that sobriety was the end game for recovery. When I was sober I was recovered. I have learned this time that I will be in recovery for the rest of my life. I also learned that being sober does not mean my life will be perfect. It is not. However, the joy of recovery helps me manage life. Recovery gives me the tools to accept life as it is, good and not so good. None of this can be done without prayer, 12 steps (including regular meetings at least weekly, sponsor, surrender and reach outs (at least several a week)) and study.
Awesome topic and awesome suggestions. Balance in recovery is difficult for me. I have found like was mentioned in the discussion that I have to recommit and reevaluate frequently. Course corrections along the way that keep me headed in the right direction. I find that some things I am doing don't work. That is when I commit to doing something different. Recovery, work, family, church, etc. There is a lot to be balanced! I'm grateful that I now have the tools (12 steps)to work that help me balance everyday.


We are currently looking for postdocs in neurophysiology (2-photon and/or multielectrode recordings) and in data science! Flexible projects, develop your own ideas – we have the tools!
Previous Post: Andre is a "Freies Wissen" Fellow!


"В США уже бывали недели российского кино, но столь пестрых по числу охваченных смежных отраслей фестивалей не наблюдалось.
Advertising was conducted all across the city. Ads were handed out on countless fliers at relevant SoCal shows; promotion on campus involved the Mikhail Baryshnikov event at Royce Hall. For three weeks, the festival had a full-page color ad in the Daily Bruin and the head banner on BruinWalk. Colorful ads decorated both dining tables and digital screens in each Residence Hall across UCLA.
Substantial funding was raised from banking and media sponsors, together with an appropriate vodka sponsor, allowing for an elegant VIP zone at Fowler during the concerts. The same donors also covered a Gala Opening before our opening movie, shot by director Pavel Lungin––who holds the Golden Palm from Cannes.
The press coverage included: LA Weekly; The Calvert Journal; Russian Beyond the Headlines; Moscow's citywide Afisha Magazine; the capital's Kultura TV station; a slot on the country's most popular chat show, Vechernii Urgant; the renowned TASS News Agency; Lenta.Ru; Novaya Gazeta; Russkii Mir; Nevskie Novsti; Word.Ru; PrimaMedia.Ru; Russian Business and Consulting (RBK); Moskovsky Komsomolets; VladTime; VistaNews; Hello! Russia; KinoAfisha; Letidor; Colta; ForumDaily.Ru; Teatral; ABN––and others.
The festival sold out three nights in a modish Venice restaurant while holding these same values high. FFM found fans among UCLA students and Los Angeles communities alike.
"The Far From Moscow Festival exemplifies the charm and importance of true cultural exchange in the humanistic spirit. That UCLA can be host to the Festival is a boon to campus and to the LA community at large." Dean David Schaberg, UCLA.
Kartina.TV has generously provided the following features in a Russian Film Week series, initiated in New York (2013). This year a cinema weekend will be held in Los Angeles. All films will be represented by their creative —and accompanied by English subtitles.
Formed in 2005, Foundation A is a nonprofit charitable organization with a multi-purpose mission. It aims to improve lives by providing charitable capital; offering philanthropic grants; improving health through medical research; and unlocking the potential of people to both build and sustain healthy communities.
The FFM Festival is co-sponsored by UCLA's Departments of Comparative Literature, Musicology, and Slavic Languages/Literatures. "The Far From Moscow Festival exemplifies the charm and importance of true cultural exchange in the humanistic spirit. That UCLA can be host to the Festival is a boon to campus and to the LA community at large." Dean David Schaberg, UCLA.


This page lists the video explanations to all the quantitative problems in the Official Guide for GMAT Quantitative Review 2018. The questions listed in red were newly added to the 2018 guide. The videos are organized in two different formats. The first organization consists of individual links organized by question numbers that link to corresponding video explanations, and the second consists of a playlist format where one can use the horizontal scrollbar to locate a particular video. Please choose the format that best suits your preference.
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176.
177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300.


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The Franklin Building and Neighborhood Services team was on site Monday morning assisting the homeowners with the damage.
Melton said the fire department didn't receive any other reports of significant damage to homes or buildings Monday night.
911 calls spike dramatically in county
According to Hannah Bleam, communications officer with Williamson County Emergency Management, lightning also struck the roof of a Stable Road home on Monday.
"The fire was quickly extinguished by the Williamson County Rescue Squad," Bleam said.
There were no other reports of significant damage to homes or buildings on Monday, she said.
Sunday's storm caused greater damage around the county, including fallen trees and utility poles on roadways, which led to a spike in 911 calls.
In Spring Hill, a veterinarian clinic was destroyed by the storm Sunday, and a Spring Hill firefighter was killed in a "weather-related incident."
Brentwood, which experienced the most damage Sunday, received the most 911 calls in a night since the May 2010 flood.
Williamson County Department of Emergency Communications — which serves Franklin, Spring Hill, Fairview, Nolensville and Thompson's Station — received approximately 1,794 calls from Sunday to Monday, according to Bleam.
Normally, the county receives about 150 calls a day, Bleam said. Brentwood operates its own separate 911 call center.
As of Tuesday afternoon, just 181 people were without power in Williamson County, according to the Middle Tennessee Electric Membership Corporation, while 60,000 remain without power in Nashville, according to Nashville Electric Service.
According to the National Weather Service Nashville, Sunday's storm could be considered a rare weather event called a derecho, which can cause damage much like a tornado.
NWS Nashville meteorologist Mark Rose said no county in Middle Tennessee wasn't touched by the derecho on Sunday.
The two days of storms came just two months after a tornado hit Nashville and other Middle Tennessee counties, including Putnam and Wilson.
Kerri Bartlett covers issues affecting children, families and government in Williamson County. She can be contacted at kbartlett@gannett.com, 615-308-8324 or @keb1414 on Twitter.


Attractive January lunch recipes that experience unique tastes that might make your and people you serve believe unique. Recipes are effortless to stick to. those recipes also are sturdy for different events or simply a normal day in the event you have the desire to make whatever tasty and certain. Get the publication now! the writer Marshella Goodsworth is an excellent chef with eating place caliber foodstuff and a complete sequence of fantastic cookbooks on hand on-line at www.
The long-awaited cookbook by way of one of many San Francisco Bay Area's big name cooks, David Kinch, who has revolutionized eating place tradition along with his tackle the farm-to-table ethic and concentrate on the terroir of the Northern California coast. Since establishing Manresa in Los Gatos in 2002, award-winning Chef David Kinch has performed extra to create a feeling of position via his food—specifically the place the Santa Cruz Mountains meet the sea—than the other chef at the West Coast.
Making plans a dinner party or an evening in along with your most sensible pals? seeking to create tasty delights which are bound to get every person speaking? The celebration foodstuff Bible is the must-have advisor to creating effortless and scrumptious edibles—in miniature! Served up on every thing from skewers to spoons, the 565 recipes during this certain cookbook supply bite-size cuisine, fashionable beverages, and delicious muffins which are ideal for cocktail events, child or bridal showers, marriage ceremony receptions, birthdays, or any festive get together.
"Come Over. .. " no matter if you are a newbie trying to find basic, amazing recipes to feed family and friends, or a pro host hoping to inject your repertoire with trendy, attention-grabbing rules, you will discover all you would like in Dinner & celebration. Rose's stance on unique is that the prepare dinner will not be banished to the kitchen; cooking for site visitors need not be fussy or difficult to juggle, yet in its place made of dishes - a few classics, a few novel - that may be ready upfront, dressed as much as galvanize final minute and loved by means of each person.


Merits Of Hiring Professional Catering Services.
There are different occasions that as a human being you will most likely participate in for instance it can be the joining of two people. An occurrence that will register a large number of people needs to be well organized so that there are no hitches on the various arrangements that might be there. With a lot of people being in attendance of the event, there needs to be preparation for example if you will need some services, you should contract some qualified individuals so that they can help you out.
The business of catering services has grown in popularity in the past few years and hence the number of catering service companies are so much, however, not all offer good quality service and hence the need for doing some digging and find out the best ones. There are some things that you need to consider before you hire a catering service company. You should look at the reputation of the company you are hiring, it should be a good one.
One of the sources of information about the character of the catering company is from referrals that you will get from your family members and other relatives, a firm that is spoken highly of can never disappoint. The size of your wedding event will affect the catering company that you will contract to provide the services for you, if you are planning to just hold a small modest wedding, then there is no need of going for the top wedding catering planners, a small one would do just fine too.
Organizing a wedding is a tedious thing to do and handling everything on your own can be tricky for you, having a professional catering service company will relieve you of that load. Your visitors will be very happy when you give them good food and that is one of the bargaining grounds that the catering services usually have. One of the key factors that individuals use to gauge whether the wedding was good or not is based on the dishes that were served and how appealing or tasty they were. Another merit of professional catering services is that you will have the benefit of professional services and your guests will be happy, in addition you will not be very tired since the professionals will have handled everything.
The professional catering service company are also advantageous in that they will offer a wide variety of dishes that are prepared in the highest levels of sanitation according to the preferences. A catering firm that that has been in the business of offering these type of services is the best in that they know how to handle various issues that may arise and hence they will avoid any hitches that might occur as a result.


The international Master of Science in Integrated Circuit Design which is jointly offered by Nanyang Technological University (NTU) and Technische Universitaet Muenchen (Technical University of Munich, TUM) aims to educate the next generation of engineers and entrepreneurial leaders for the fast moving semiconductor industry. Changes in integrated circuits (ICs) technology have had a huge impact on our day to day life. Incredible technological advances over the last 50 years enable us to integrate billions of transistors on a single integrated circuit. At the same time the cost of a single transistor has decreased exponentially. The result is that every day, new attractive applications for the use of ICs open up, enabling the semiconductor industry to grow much faster than the overall economy. However, the semiconductor industry's capability to make intelligent use of all these transistors in designing successful products has not kept pace with the manufacturing capabilities. The electronics and semiconductor industries are therefore constantly looking for well-educated integrated circuit design engineers.
The 2-year full-time Master programme includes content that ranges from analog, digital and mixed-circuit design over architectural concepts for integrated circuits to design methodology and automation. Product manufacturing and testing are also addressed. Integrated circuit design is also placed in a broader context, by teaching fundamental concepts of signal processing which are at the core of today's communications circuits. Students will also be taught essential non-technical topics such as product marketing, international management, patent law and aspects of culture and globalization. This will be mainly done by highly qualified lecturers from the industry.
All information is accurate to the time of publishing. Updated March 2019.
In order to be eligible for the programme, you must have at least a Bachelor Degree** (completed in at least three years, depending on factors such as the rest of your education background) in Electrical/ Electronics Engineering or in a closely related discipline with remarkable results.
The Master of Science in Integrated Circuit Design degree is a 2-year full-time programme. Students must complete their coursework, 3-month internship and 6-month of Master Thesis writing to qualify for graduation.
Introduction to Cadence design tools. CMOS high speed analog circuits, HF charakteristics of CMOS Transistors and integrated passive elements, low noise amplifier, mixer, VCO, prescaler, power amplifier, transceiver as complete system.
An overview and a fundamental analysis of the building blocks of a Power Management ASIC (PMU) and their usage in the system is given.
Synchronous digital circuit concept; description of sequential and combinational logic cells; basic components of digital circuits; state machines; simulation; synthesis, static timing analysis; implementation and test.
Review of Integrated Circuit Fundamentals. Layout and Design Issues. CMOS Circuit designs. Low Power Design. BiCMOS Digital Circuits. Sub-System Design in Digital Circuits. Design Methodologies.
Review of fundamentals. Noise. Modeling. Analog Building Blocks. Components Layout. Switched Capacitor Circuits. Current Mode Circuits. Transconductor. Auto-tunning. Gm-C and MOSFET-C Filters. Continuous-Time Filters. Switch Current Circuits. Class D Amplifiers.
Computer-aided design of primarily digital integrated circuits. VLSI design flow. Overview of system level, algorithmic level, register transfer level, logic level, circuit level VLSI design methods. Focus on: logic synthesis, digital simulation, test. Techniques from discrete mathematics and computer science. Emphasis is placed on techniques that are applicable to very complex, industrially relevant circuits.
Introduction. Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and fast Fourier transform (FFT). Z transform. Digital filters. Linear prediction and optimum linear filters. Power spectrum estimation.
Plastic Packaging Materials. Manufacturing Processes for Plastic Encapsulated Microelectronics. State-of-the-art Packaging Techniques. Failure Mechanisms, Sites, and Modes. Qualification Process. Accelerated Testing for Packaging. Effects of Packaging on the Electrical Performance. Future Trends and Challenges in Packaging.
System Design Considerations. CMOS RF Components and Devices. Low-noise amplifier (LNA); Mixers; Voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs). RF power amplifiers. Phase-locked Loops and Frequency Synthesizers.
Trends in the IC industry: Technology and manufacturing trends, Demand applications and product trends. Market Characteristics: The customers, Business cycles, Demand lead and supply lag (the bull-whip effect), IC Industry, supply and value chain, stakeholders, Geographical distribution of excellence centers, Technology centers, design centers, fabrication centers, The dis-integration of the value chain, outsourcing trends. Managing the marketing function: The sources of product ideas, The role of standards, formats, and intellectual property. Strategic partnership, distributorship, Demand forecast, matching supply with demand.
Historical development of mainstream MOSFETs until today; economical, technological and physical fundamentals; properties of long channel and short channel MOSFETs, hot carrier effects; short channel effects, scaling rules; basics of charge carrier transport (quantum mechanical, hydro dynamics, ballistics); proposed new MOSFET structures (strain engineering, metal-gate, high-k, vertical MOSFETs, double gate MOSFETs); hot electron transistors; tunneling transistors; low dimensional devices; single electron transistor, single electron memories, quantum electronics.
Low dimensional structures: quantum wells, quantum wires and quantum dots. Electronic, optical, transport properties of nanostructures. Quantum semiconductor devices. Fabrication and characterization techniques of nanotechnology. Applications of nanostructures, nanodevices and nanosystems. The bottom-up approach to nanotechnology: introduction to molecular electronics and optoelectronics. Organic materials for electronics: self-assembled monolayers; conducting polymers; carbon nanotubes. Circuit implementations and architectures for nanostructures: quantum cellular automata and cellular nonlinear networks. Introduction to quantum computing.
Fault Models and Testability concepts. Test Generation and Fault Simulation Algorithms. Shift-register polynomial division. Pseudo-random sequence generators. Special purpose shift register circuits. Random pattern BIST. Build-in boundary scan structure. Limitations and other concerns of random pattern test. Test techniques for automatic test equipment.
Principles of circuit simulation: DC/AC/TR analysis. Basic analog optimization tasks: worst-case analysis, yield analysis, nominal design, design centering. Basic principles of optimization: optimality conditions, line search, Nelder-Mead method, Newton approach, Conjugate Gradient approach, Quadratic Programming, Sequential Quadratic Programming. Structural analysis of analog circuits.
Application of a commercial analog optimization tool (WiCkeD) to an analog design example.
DC analysis; AC analysis, Newton-Raphson; TR analysis, numerical integration; modified nodal analysis, linearized and discretized circuit model.
Lagrange function, optimality conditions (constrained, unconstrained); classical worst-case analysis, realistic worst-case analysis, general worst-case analysis.
Multivariate statistical distribution, transformation of distribution functions, expectation values, estimation of expectation values; statistical yield analysis, geometric yield analysis, Monte-Carlo analysis.
Design objectives and derivatives, nominal design, tolerance design; yield optimization; design centering; structure of an optimization process.
Univariate optimization, line search, multivariate optimization, polytope method, coordinate search; Newton approach (Quasi-Newton, Levenberg-Marquardt, Least-Squares, Conjugate Gradient; Quadratic Programming (equality/inequality constraints), Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP).
Hierarchical analog building block library, sizing rules.
The module covers the following topics: the Organizational forms of enterprises – financing instruments (equity financing, internal and external financing) – methods of capital budgeting (cost analysis, net present value analysis, internal rate of return analysis) – corporate valuation procedures (discounted cash flow analysis, multiple valuation) – methods and requirements of internal and external accounting (national and international accounting standards, origin and allocation of costs) – human resource management (forms of organizing, history of organizational research, human resource theories, motivational theories).
- Marketing communications, marketing channels, and service P's.
Students will work out, in teams, business cases, make their own business decisions and develop marketing concepts based on provided information of a real case study.
The lecture presents the dynamics of technological development through innovation and the related management issues, the difference between creating a new product (invention) and improving an existing product/idea (innovation), Start-ups and financing of innovation, Innovation-driven economic cycles and Innovation impact on growth and jobs. This course is useful for students who plan to take up careers in manufacturing and service companies or in R&D organizations that make significant use of research and technology to build their portfolio.
This module will give a brief introduction to intellectual property rights and focus on insights into general principles of patent law and international conventions governing the patent law. Current developments and criticism of the current patent law system will also be addressed. In addition, practical (legal) aspects of the commercialization of patents will be dealt with.
The module will provide insights in the core elements of Industry 4.0 such as: introduction to Cyber-Physical System, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technologies, information collection with intelligent sensors, industrial networking to connect the machines and processes together, Manufacturing Execution System (MES) for order management, production control and value adding to the complete supply chain management.
Manufacturers are confronted with special requirements of their production processes. Cycles, by-products, batches and campaigns are difficult to handle by nowadays ERP software packages (ERP = Enterprise Resource Planning). Concepts of material requirements planning, supply chain management (SCM) combined with basics in cost accounting will be explained. As a highlight a simulation model, based on modern simulation software, will be used by students to simulate production planning and achieve the 'best' production plan.
*Disclaimer: Modules available for selection are subject to availability. Unforeseen circumstances that affect the availability of the module include an insufficient number of students taking up the module and/or the unavailability of the professor. TUM Asia reserves the right to cancel or postpone the module under such circumstances.
The total tuition fees for this Master programme, if expressed in Singapore Dollar equivalent, are S$ 34,240.00* (inclusive of 7% GST).
The tuition fees are to be paid in three instalments as indicated in the table below.


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First Cambodia-Japan direct flights on horizon
Asia Atlantic Airlines, a joint venture between the Baiyoke Group of Thailand and the Japanese travel giant HIS Group, says it will launch scheduled flights between Cambodia and Japan on Sep 2, 2014.
The carrier said it would offer three weekly flights on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Sundays aboard a Boeing 767 aircraft between Narita International Airport and Phnom Penh. Starting in October 2014, it will also offer direct flights to and from Siem Reap every Monday, Wednesday, Friday and Sunday.
"The aircraft dedicated to this route will be extensively refurbished to attract business traffic while at the same time making travel available to the tourist market at competitive prices," the statement said.
Basic return economy fares will cost more than $1100 after taxes while business-class fares will be $2240 return. Asia Atlantic will be the first airline to launch direct flights between the two countries, beating the flag carrier Cambodia Angkor Air and even Air Asia, the region's largest budget operator.
"There will be no first-class seats offered on the plane, but there will be economy, premium economy and business classes, providing a total of 217 seats," said Caea Molika, a senior sales employee of HIS Cambodia Travel.
Molika added that through July 21, the airline will offer 30 economy seats to the public at $346 each.
The announcement came just a day after Prime Minister Hun Sen lauded Japanese business at the newly opened, Japanese-built Aeon Mall. As Japanese Foreign Minister Fumio Kishida, looked on, he said he had authorised the Secretariat of Civil Aviation to approve direct flights between the two countries to foster more Japanese investment.
Asia Atlantic's new services take the total number of airlines flying into Cambodia's airports to 24. Upgrades worth a total of $100 million began in January to the country's two main international airports, Phnom Penh and Siem Reap, to accommodate the rapidly increasing tourism trade.
Khek Norinda, the communications director of Phnom Pehn International Airport, said the airport would be able to handle newcomer Asia Atlantic even while construction is still in progress.
"Our facilities have enough room to accommodate current flight demand and we are expanding our terminals in Phnom Pehn and Siem Reap for future growth," he said.
"When the extensions are completed around the end of 2015, or the beginning 2016, their capacity will double to 5 million passengers."
A Cambodia Airports spokesman said discussions with many foreign airlines were currently under way in an effort to expand air connectivity.
Ang Kim Eang, president of the Cambodia Association of Travel Agents, welcomed Asia Atlantic's announcement. but raised concerns over its fares as well as Japan's strict visa application process.
"The flights will provide a great opportunity for tourism exchange," he said. "But the price for economy class (at $1146) may be too expensive for Cambodians; it's like visiting Europe. And Japan's visa application procedure is so strict and complicated. They ask about the properties Cambodians own and require them to have guarantors and references in order to visit Japan."
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Categories: Misc., other Asian countries · Tags: airlines, Asia Atlantic Airlines, Cambodia, direct flights, flights, Japan, Phnom Penh, Siem Reap
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Q: How to stop Banshee from converting my music to mp3? When I am synchronizing my music with Banshee, it stars converting my music into mp3.
How can I stop Banshee to convert my music and make it just copying it?
My player can play nearly every music format, so converting it takes a lot of time and resources.

A: Aah, I found a solution.
Create a file named .is_audio_player and put it in the root of your Music-Player. (the . is important!)
Then open this file (it is eventually hidden, go to the menu and allow to see hidden files) and write the following into the file:
output_formats=audio/ogg,audio/mp3,audio/m4a

This is the the solution. Here you can define, which formats you not want to have converted. For example if you want to have m4b not converted, add ,audio/m4b.


Write My Term Paper:Develop a 5 page paper on your philosophical approach to Multicultural Education. Your paper must include the following items: 1. At least two diversity theories focusing on their application to a classroom environment.
1. At least two diversity theories focusing on their application to a classroom environment.
2. Analyze key instances in which you have experienced each diversity theory in action in your own life, focusing on events that took place in a K-12 environment.
Help With My Essay:Can Technology Replace Managers?


It's a lot more than the a Mototcycle rally as it's also an "Overland" rally for the 4×4, Jeep and Landrover crowd. I think it's the best of both worlds.
2015 Mid-Atlantic Overland Festival & Touratech Rally East – Festival Highlights from Main Line Overland on Vimeo.
There is always training on site so if you don't have any off-road experience on your Tenere, here is the place to learn. It's also a great time to refresh and sharpen the skills you already may have. The training ground is normally the site for the challenge competition which looks like a blast to watch with the slow race.
All throughout the weekend are seminars on a vast array of topics. Packing, tire changing, cooking on the road and first aid. I'm sure I'll be sitting in on a few over the course of the weekend.
The event is $100 for the weekend and that includes camping, guided rides and meals. You'll need to bring fuel. The training is normally extra. I am in contact with Touratech USA and will pass on any updates as I get them.
Please come out and join me for a great weekend. There were only about a dozen Teneres in Washington a couple weeks ago so let's try for more!
There will be a sign on the street indicating the correct field entrance. All attendees must check in with Rally staff at the gate, and receive a wristband. NO ENTRY AFTER 10PM. NO WEDNESDAY ENTRY UNLESS YOU ARE A VOLUNTEER OR A VENDOR.
This year there is a meal ticket available. $70 will get you a killer catered dinner on Friday and Saturday nights and breakfast Friday, Saturday and Sunday. You have to pre-purchase this option, because we are ordering the the food before the event. Get your meal ticket here!


I attended the GIAW2019 in DC on the 29th of March. GIAW stands for Genital Integrity Awareness Week, this is an even mainly held by intactivists to bring about attention to how circumcision harms boys by promoting conversations and education of how it is a human rights violation. The campaign page on Facebook has pictures from the event. Events like this are part of why donations are needed. This one was close to me so it was not that much of a trek. Feel free to ask questions on the GIAW2019 album, I am curious as to what you want to know or input.
As you can see I have updated the amount I am shooting for as I have realized I may have to travel and do demonstrations as well. I do have a facebook page set up under the same name and currently. I just recently went to the GIAW2019 which is a annual meeting to educate people walking along Capitol Hill about the harm of circumcision, here are some pictures.
Yet again I am getting no response from my local government. I am thinking of how to escalate this to where it can not be ignored.
It has now been 18 days since I last sent an email to a delegate in my district with no response. I am going to email him again. Currently South and North Carolina are looking to ban FGM while still doing nothing about MGM and intersex surgeries that are unnecessary. In about a week I will be attending a event in DC called the GIAW, where intactivists will be educating the public on why circumcision is actually harmful and not really needed. I hope to have a update shortly after and maybe add some photos.


Back in the saddle,or how I am planning on losing 15 lbs in 3 months!
Well, the time has come for my mama tummy to say bye-bye. Anastasia is now 6 months old, and I am sick of this mama tummy hanging around. So bye bye and hello to a new gym and a new diet plan. Now, I am still nursing, so I am not planning on cutting out all of my calories. I am however, cutting down a lot of the carbs and fat that I have slowly let leak back into my diet. I have been indulging in bagels, cereal, pasta etc...and the time has come to get back onto my healthy plan.
So if you want to get rid of 5, 10 or 15 lbs, join my ride (again) and let's get in great shape for spring.
I will post my diet/exercise plans and goals. And may be brave enough to do before and afters soon.
Plus my next post will be a healthy giveaway sponsored by Cheerios!!


Welcome! This service provides a current listing of available positions for CRNAs.
*If your company, organization, or hospital has an open position and are looking to hire, submit a job posting. Share your job opportunity with hundreds of qualified professionals in Maryland. Members receive 50% off postings!


LittleBigPlanet (abbreviated LBP) is a puzzle platform video game series created by Media Molecule and published by Sony Computer Entertainment on multiple PlayStation platforms. The series follows the adventures of Sackboy.
The closest font we can find for the LBP logo is Chalet New York 1960 or Chalet New York 1980, a geometric sans serif from House Industries.
The Chalet font identified above is not available for free, please follow the link above and purchase the font. Meanwhile, you can take a look at our collection of fonts for cars, pop music and apparel as well as round-ups of new & fresh fonts around the web.
In addition to LittleBigPlanet (Video Game), Chalet typeface is also used in the following logos, movie posters or album covers etc., including: Major League Gaming, Frenemies, Wasting All These Tears, Everybody Wants Some, That's So Raven, Planet Hollywood.


2.Mix together in a bowl all-purpose flour, baking powder, sugar, salt and baking soda.
3.To this add softened butter and buttermilk, vanilla extract, melted sweet chocolate and eggs.
4.Mix thoroughly and beat for 3 minutes with an electric beater.
5.Then immediately pour the mixture into 2 well greased and lined 9X9 inch pans.
6.Bake for 35 minutes at 350 degrees F.
7.When ready cool the cakes for 15 minutes, remove from the pans and let them completely cool on a rack.
8.Spread the frostings between the two layers and also on the top.
9.Sweet Chocolate Cake is ready to be enjoyed.
Most lung cancer patients survived four months longer on an immunotherapy drug than the ones handled with chemotherapy, consistent with trial consequences posted Monday.Importantly, additionally they skilled fewer aspect-consequences, researchers mentioned within the Lancet medical magazine.
sufferers with non-small-cellular lung cancer which represents with the aid of some distance most people survived for thirteen.8 months on average on the drug referred to as atezolizumab, as compared to nine.6 months for the ones on chemotherapy, the take a look at authors stated.
And the difference turned into in all likelihood even bigger, as several members on chemotherapy have been given immunotherapy after the trial ended, possibly boosting their survival.
"Atezolizumab reinvigorates patients` immune structures in opposition to most cancers," the examine`s lead writer Achim Rittmeyer of the college of Goettingen in Germany, stated in an announcement.
"Our trial has shown that this has sizeable consequences for his or her survival."
Lung most cancers is the maximum common cancer, affecting some 1.8 million humans within the world every 12 months, said Rittmeyer.
It is also the main purpose of cancer death within the international.
In line with the yank cancer Society, 80-85 percent of lung cancers are non-small-mobile sorts.
The trial recruited 850 sufferers with none remaining remedy alternatives, and in comparison how long they survived -- 1/2 on atezolizumab and the rest on chemotherapy, the standard treatment.
Immunotherapy trains people`s immune systems to attack tumour cells without killing wholesome cells.
Chemotherapy, in comparison, goals all fast-dividing cells in the frame, top and awful alike.
Unlike viruses or bacteria, cancer cells are not intruders but our personal cells gone haywire and is the reason why they circulate undisturbed through the immune machine.
Nevertheless, in its infancy, immunotherapy -- which includes atezolizumab -- is being examined on many most cancers types.
In October, the united states' meals and Drug management fast-tracked vedolizumab for the remedy of patients with non-small-mobile lung most cancers.
"The time wherein chemotherapy will no more be the mainstay of treatment of metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer is perhaps not to date away,"
OnePlus 6 is not a flagship killer. It's a category creator!!!


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Article | Published: 10 December 2014
Genome-wide characterization of the routes to pluripotency
Samer M. I. Hussein1 n1
, Mira C. Puri1, 2 n1
, Peter D. Tonge1 n1
, Marco Benevento3, 4
, Andrew J. Corso1, 5
, Jennifer L. Clancy6
, Rowland Mosbergen7
, Mira Li1
, Dong-Sung Lee8, 9
, Nicole Cloonan10, 22
, David L. A. Wood10
, Javier Munoz3, 4 n2
, Robert Middleton11
, Othmar Korn7
, Hardip R. Patel6, 12
, Carl A. White13, 14
, Jong-Yeon Shin8, 15
, Maely E. Gauthier10
, Kim-Anh Lê Cao10 n2
, Jong-Il Kim8, 9
, Jessica C. Mar16
, Nika Shakiba13
, William Ritchie11
, John E. J. Rasko11, 17
, Sean M. Grimmond10
, Peter W. Zandstra13, 14
, Christine A. Wells7, 18
, Thomas Preiss6, 19
, Jeong-Sun Seo8, 9, 15
, Albert J. R. Heck3, 4
, Ian M. Rogers1, 20, 21
& Andras Nagy1, 5, 21
Nature volume 516, pages 198–206 (11 December 2014) | Download Citation
Induced pluripotent stem cells
A Corrigendum to this article was published on 17 June 2015
This article has been updated
Somatic cell reprogramming to a pluripotent state continues to challenge many of our assumptions about cellular specification, and despite major efforts, we lack a complete molecular characterization of the reprograming process. To address this gap in knowledge, we generated extensive transcriptomic, epigenomic and proteomic data sets describing the reprogramming routes leading from mouse embryonic fibroblasts to induced pluripotency. Through integrative analysis, we reveal that cells transition through distinct gene expression and epigenetic signatures and bifurcate towards reprogramming transgene-dependent and -independent stable pluripotent states. Early transcriptional events, driven by high levels of reprogramming transcription factor expression, are associated with widespread loss of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) trimethylation, representing a general opening of the chromatin state. Maintenance of high transgene levels leads to re-acquisition of H3K27me3 and a stable pluripotent state that is alternative to the embryonic stem cell (ESC)-like fate. Lowering transgene levels at an intermediate phase, however, guides the process to the acquisition of ESC-like chromatin and DNA methylation signature. Our data provide a comprehensive molecular description of the reprogramming routes and is accessible through the Project Grandiose portal at http://www.stemformatics.org.
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A minor addition was made to the Acknowledgements in the HTML and PDF versions.
Primary accessions
European Nucleotide Archive
ERP004116
SRP046744
Data deposits
Sequencing data have been deposited in the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA) under accession number SRP046744 for all RNA-seq and ChIP-seq experiments, and in the European Bioinformatics Institute under the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) accession number ERP004116 for MethylC-sequencing. The global and cell surface mass spectrometry proteomics raw data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange Consortium (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org) via the PRIDE partner repository under data set identifiers PXD000413 and PXD001456, respectively.
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We thank M. Gertsenstein and M. Pereira for chimaera production, C. Monetti for cell culture, R. Cowling for DNA purification, and K. Harpal for chimaera embryo sectioning and staining. We acknowledge the intellectual contributions of P. P. L. Tam and R. P. Harvey. A.N. is Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Stem Cells and Regeneration. This work was supported by grants awarded to A.N., I.M.R. and P.W.Z. from the Ontario Research Fund Global Leadership Round in Genomics and Life Sciences grants (GL2-01-028), to A.N. from the Canadian stem cell network (9/5254 (TR3)) and from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR MOP102575). This work received support from the Korean Ministry of Knowledge Economy (grant 10037410 to J.-S.S.), from the SNUCM Research Fund (grant 0411-20100074 to J.-S.S.), and from Macrogen Inc. (grant MGR03-11 and MGR03-12). The Stemformatics resource is supported by an Australian Research Council special research grant to Stem Cells Australia (C.A.W. and S.M.G.). The analysis of the miRNA was supported by grants from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (1024852 to J.L.C. and T.P.) and the Australian Research Council (DP1300101928 to T.P.). W.R. is a Cancer Institute of NSW Fellow and with J.E.J.R. receives support from the Cancer Council of NSW and National Health & Medical Research Council (571156 and 1061906). J.E.J.R. receives funding from Cure the Future & Tour de Cure. K.-A.L.C. is supported, in part, by the Wound Management Innovation CRC (established and supported under the Australian Government's Cooperative Research Centres Program). S.M.G. received support from the Australian Research Council (SR110001002). C.A.W. is a QLD Smart Futures Fellow. M.B., J.M. and A.J.R.H. are supported by the Netherlands Proteomics Centre, and by the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) by the PRIME-XS project grant agreement number 262067. P.W.Z. is the Canada Research Chair in Stem Cell Bioengineering. S.M.I.H. received a fellowship from the McEwen Centre of Regenerative Medicine.
Samer M. I. Hussein
, Mira C. Puri
& Peter D. Tonge
Javier Munoz
& Kim-Anh Lê Cao
Present addresses: Proteomics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain (J.M.); The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia (K.-A.L.C.).
Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
, Peter D. Tonge
, Andrew J. Corso
, Mira Li
, Ian M. Rogers
& Andras Nagy
Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3H7, Canada
Mira C. Puri
Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
, Javier Munoz
& Albert J. R. Heck
Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3H7, Canada
Andrew J. Corso
Genome Biology Department, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton (Canberra), ACT 2601, Australia
Jennifer L. Clancy
, Hardip R. Patel
& Thomas Preiss
Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
Rowland Mosbergen
, Othmar Korn
& Christine A. Wells
Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
Dong-Sung Lee
, Jong-Yeon Shin
, Jong-Il Kim
& Jeong-Sun Seo
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biochemistry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
Nicole Cloonan
, David L. A. Wood
, Maely E. Gauthier
, Kim-Anh Lê Cao
& Sean M. Grimmond
Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program and Bioinformatics Lab, Centenary Institute, Camperdown 2050, NSW, Australia & Sydney Medical School, 31 University of Sydney 2006, New South Wales, Australia
Robert Middleton
, William Ritchie
& John E. J. Rasko
Genome Discovery Unit, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton (Canberra) 2601, ACT, Australia
Hardip R. Patel
Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (IBBME), University of Toronto, Toronto M5S-3G9, Canada
Carl A. White
, Nika Shakiba
& Peter W. Zandstra
The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research (CCBR), University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3E1, Canada
Life Science Institute, Macrogen Inc., Seoul 153-781, South Korea
Jong-Yeon Shin
Department of Systems & Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
Jessica C. Mar
Cell and Molecular Therapies, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown 2050, New South Wales, Australia
John E. J. Rasko
College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
Christine A. Wells
Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (Sydney), New South Wales 2010, Australia
Thomas Preiss
Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
Ian M. Rogers
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1E2, Canada
QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Genomic Biology Lab, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
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S.M.I.H., M.C.P., P.D.T. and A.N. conceived, designed and carried out most of the experiments, interpreted results and wrote the manuscript. P.W.Z. contributed to study design. T.P., C. A. Wells, I.M.R., P.W.Z., C. A. White, N.S., A.J.C. and J.C.M. assisted with data interpretation and manuscript writing. M.L., S.M.I.H. and M.C.P. performed ChIP. M.C.P., S.M.I.H., N.C., O.K., D.L.A.W., M.E.G. and S.M.G. produced and analysed RNA-seq data. S.M.I.H., D.-S.L., M.C.P., J.-Y.S., J.-I.K. and J.-S.S. produced and analysed MethylC-seq and ChIP-seq data. J.E.J.R, W.R. and R.Mi. performed the IR analysis, interpretation and contributed to the manuscript writing. C. A. Wells, R.Mo., O.K., K.-A.LC. and J.C.M. provided support for bioinformatics analyses and data visualization. M.B., J.M. and A.J.R.H. performed the LC-MS analysis and proteomic data analysis. H.R.P. mapped the miRNA Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) data and provided support for bioinformatics analyses and data visualization. J.L.C. and T.P. analysed and interpreted the miRNA NGS data. C.A.W. performed the CSC proteomics. C.A.W., N.S. and P.W.Z. analysed CSC proteome data.
Correspondence to Andras Nagy.
Extended data
Extended data figures
Effects of lowering doxycycline on reprogramming cells.
Locus-specific sequencing data.
Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis (PCA) for multi-omics analyses.
Integration of gene expression data from 1B reprogramming and other transcriptome data sets.
Effect of Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and Myc expression level on reprogramming outcomes.
Global analysis of histone mark and intron retention changes during reprogramming.
Tracking secondary MEF histone mark changes during reprogramming from one sample to another.
Determining expression threshold for defining bivalent loci and bivalency in other reprogramming systems.
Long non-coding RNA expression analysis.
Comparison of lncRNA expression in 1B secondary reprogramming and other reprogramming systems.
Zip files
This zipped file contains Supplementary Tables 1-6.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14046
Cell competition during reprogramming gives rise to dominant clones
Nika Shakiba
, Ahmed Fahmy
, Gowtham Jayakumaran
, Sophie McGibbon
, Laurent David
, Daniel Trcka
, Judith Elbaz
, Andras Nagy
, Derek van der Kooy
, Sidhartha Goyal
, Jeffrey L. Wrana
Human Pluripotency Is Initiated and Preserved by a Unique Subset of Founder Cells
Mio Nakanishi
, Ryan R. Mitchell
, Yannick D. Benoit
, Luca Orlando
, Jennifer C. Reid
, Kenichi Shimada
, Kathryn C. Davidson
, Zoya Shapovalova
, Tony J. Collins
& Mickie Bhatia
Conserved regulation of RNA processing in somatic cell reprogramming
Alexander Kanitz
, Afzal Pasha Syed
, Keisuke Kaji
& Mihaela Zavolan
BMC Genomics (2019)
Reprogramming favors the elite
Samuel C. Wolff
& Jeremy E. Purvis
Deterministic Somatic Cell Reprogramming Involves Continuous Transcriptional Changes Governed by Myc and Epigenetic-Driven Modules
Asaf Zviran
, Nofar Mor
, Yoach Rais
, Hila Gingold
, Shani Peles
, Elad Chomsky
, Sergey Viukov
, Jason D. Buenrostro
, Roberta Scognamiglio
, Leehee Weinberger
, Yair S. Manor
, Vladislav Krupalnik
, Mirie Zerbib
, Hadas Hezroni
, Diego Adhemar Jaitin
, David Larastiaso
, Shlomit Gilad
, Sima Benjamin
, Ohad Gafni
, Awni Mousa
, Muneef Ayyash
, Daoud Sheban
, Jonathan Bayerl
, Alejandro Aguilera-Castrejon
, Rada Massarwa
, Itay Maza
, Suhair Hanna
, Yonatan Stelzer
, Igor Ulitsky
, William J. Greenleaf
, Amos Tanay
, Andreas Trumpp
, Ido Amit
, Yitzhak Pilpel
, Noa Novershtern
& Jacob H. Hanna
Cell Stem Cell (2019)
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Editorial Summary
Induced pluripotency decoded
The investigators of the Project Grandiose consortium report their effort to characterize the protein, DNA and RNA changes associated with transcription-factor-mediated reprogramming to pluripotency in two papers in this issue of Nature and three papers published concurrently in Nature Communications. In the first of the Nature papers, Andras Nagy and colleagues report that when mouse embryonic fibroblasts are made to express high levels of reprogramming factors, they reach an alternative pluripotent stable state termed F-class (from the 'fuzzy' appearance of the cell colonies in culture). The second paper presents an extensive analysis of transcriptomic, epigenomic and proteomic datasets describing the routes to pluripotency. They describe the existence of several paths towards induced pluripotency, characterized by distinct epigenetic events. In a News & Views article, Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte discusses the results from all five papers in the context of other recent work and speculates on the likelihood of alternative states of pluripotency.
Nature | News & Views
Stem cells: A designer's guide to pluripotency
Jun Wu
& Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte
Nature | Article
Divergent reprogramming routes lead to alternative stem-cell states
Peter D. Tonge
, Claudio Monetti
, Samer M. I. Hussein
, Iacovos P. Michael
, Dong-Sung Lee
, Jessica C. Mar
, Nicole Cloonan
, David L. Wood
, Jennifer L. Clancy
, Thomas Preiss
, Sean M. Grimmond
, Jeong-Sun Seo
, Christine A. Wells
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