text:
The lively metropolis of Chicago on Lake Michigan, miles of prairies in the state's heartland, and pristine woodlands in the south: follow us on Route 66 across Illinois!
Illinois facts
Illinois: location & population
The largest cities in Illinois
Best time to travel to Illinois
Illinois in spring
Illinois in summer
Travel to Illinois
Travel authorization Illinois
Airport transfer in Illinois
State Parks and natural wonders in Illinois
Top 10 sightseeing highlights in Illinois
City highlights in Illinois
City highlights Chicago
City highlights Springfield
Road trip in Illinois
Black Hawk Statue
Grosse Pointe Lighthouse
Leaning Tower
Instagram hotspots Illinois
Food and drinks in Illinois
Fun facts about Illinois
Immigrate to Illinois
Working in Illinois
Living in Illinois
To Illinois with a Green Card
Capital: Springfield
Area: about 150,000 km²
Population: about 12.8 million
Location: Midwest of the USA
Nickname: The Prairie State, The Inland Empire State, Land of Lincoln
Hotspots: Cloud Gate, Willis Tower, Route 66
Time zone: UTC - 6 (Central)
Illinois is part of the Midwest of the United States. However, it is located more to the north with access to Lake Michigan, one of the Great Lakes of the North American continent. Illinois has land borders with five other US states: Wisconsin to the North, Indiana to the East, Iowa and Missouri to the West, and Kentucky to the South. In addition, there is a maritime border with the state of Michigan, which runs through the middle of Lake Michigan.
Due to the economic success of the city of Chicago, there has been a great deal of immigration from all parts of the country and the world over many decades, resulting in a diverse population. The largest population group living in Illinois today is German-born Americans (18.6 %), followed by Hispanics (16.7 %), African Americans (14.7 %), and Irish-born residents (11.6 %).
With a population of over 2.7 million, the metropolis of Chicago is the all-dominant city in the US state of Illinois. All other places follow only far behind, and none of them can reach the 200,000-population mark. In terms of inhabitants, these are the top five cities in Illinois:
Chicago 2,746,000
Aurora 181,000
Joliet 150,000
Naperville 149,000
Rockford 148,000
Springfield, the capital of Illinois, follows in seventh place with a population of about 114,000.
Nature and climate
As Illinois' nickname, the Prairie State, suggests, the vast majority of the state's landscape is agricultural. You'll hardly find any mountains or elevations here. The highest point, Charles Mound, not far from the Wisconsin border, reaches just 376 m. At Lake Michigan in northeastern Illinois, you will find many harbors and bathing resorts. The city of Chicago also owes its economic boom to its favorable location on the lakeshore. A contrast to the flat prairies of the state can be found in the south, where extensive forests and river landscapes invite you to go hiking.
The US state of Illinois is considered to be in the temperate climate zone, but there are large temperature differences throughout the year. Summers can be very hot and winters bitterly cold. For example, the thermometer climbs to over 30 °C from June to August, while it can drop to -10 °C from December to February.
The best seasons to visit Illinois are spring and fall when temperatures are actually moderate. But Chicago's warm summer nights hold great cultural events for you.
Every year on March 17th, you can expect a color spectacle in Chicago that you won't see anywhere else in the world. Chicagoans turn an entire river green on St. Patrick's Day! Who wouldn't want to mingle with the observers who gather on the banks of the Chicago River to watch the spectacle?
From June to September, it's festival season in Illinois: experience the world's blues stars at the Chicago Blues Festival in June, enjoy culinary highlights at the Taste of Chicago in July, and celebrate world music in all its diversity at the World Music Festival in Millennium Park in September!
The largest commercial airports in Illinois are:
Chicago O'Hare (ORD)
Chicago Midway (MDW)
Quad City International Airport (MLI)
General Downing-Peoria International Airport (PIA)
The largest of them by far is Chicago O'Hare Airport. With around 80 million passengers per year, it is even the third-largest airport in the USA as well as the sixth-largest airport in the world.
If you are traveling in Europe, you will find many direct flights to Chicago O'Hare, e.g., from Frankfurt am Main or Munich with Lufthansa and United Airlines, from Amsterdam with KLM, or from Vienna with Austrian Airlines. Plan about € 500 to € 600 in your travel budget for your flights.
You can also find direct flights to Chicago O'Hare from Tokyo in Japan, e.g., with Lufthansa, American Airlines, or ANA. These cost around € 1,400 to € 1,500. Flights from Melbourne or Sydney in Australia usually include a stopover, for example, in Los Angeles, and are available for around € 1,300 to € 1,500.
Don't forget: If you are not a US citizen or Green Card holder, you will need a visa or ESTA to enter Illinois.
Chicago O'Hare Airport is located about 25 km northwest of the city center. To get from there to your accommodation, you have several transfer options:
Public transport from Chicago O'Hare
Public transportation in Chicago is very well organized. The Chicago Transit Authority manages numerous bus and train connections that take you to every corner of the city. The Blue Line trains take you from the airport to downtown around the clock for $ 5.
Shuttle from Chicago O'Hare
If you have booked into a hotel in Chicago or the surrounding area, check if they offer a shuttle service from Chicago O'Hare Airport. Shuttle stops are located in Terminal 1 at Exit 1E, Terminal 2 at Exit 2E, Terminal 3 at Exit 3E, and Terminal 5 at Exit 5E.
Taxi from Chicago O'Hare
Cabs from Chicago O'Hare can be found outside all four terminals of the airport. They will take you and your luggage comfortably to the city center for about $ 24.
Exploring the beautiful nature parks in the Midwest is a highlight of any Illinois trip. These are our top picks for hiking enthusiasts:
Many Illinois residents will tell you that you can marvel at their state's most beautiful scenery at Starved Rock State Park. You'll find this gem on the steep banks of the Illinois River in LaSalle County, just a few kilometers from Chicago. The park offers 21 kilometers of hiking trails that lead you through pristine forests and 18 canyons. And anglers will also find enough peace and quiet here to make their big catch.
The only national forest in Illinois can be found in the very south of the state in the Shawnee Hills. At the same time, the Shawnee National Forest is the largest forest area in the Prairie State, with about 1,100 km². As you wander through the area, you'll pass ten natural research areas, scenic Cedar Lake, and four historic sites listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
The following Illinois sightseeing highlights are a must-see. You don't even have to travel far to see all of them because the most popular ten Illinois attractions can all be found in Chicago.
Cloud Gate
Museum of Science and Industry Chicago
Museum of Contemporary Art
Don't miss these two city highlights in Illinois: the vibrant metropolis of Chicago and historically significant Springfield both have their own unique appeal.
Located on the shores of Lake Michigan, Chicago is the economic and cultural heart of Illinois. Here, you will find many world-famous attractions such as the mysterious Cloud Gate, the Willis Tower, which was the tallest building in the world for a long time, and a huge variety of great museums. There's no way you'll get bored!
Let these highlights in Chicago inspire you:
If you are interested in American history, the capital city of Springfield is "the place to be" in Illinois for you. Here, you can visit 12 historic sites and attractions associated with Abraham Lincoln, one of the most important US presidents. These include the Old State Capitol and Lincoln's home.
These city highlights are waiting for you in Springfield:
Lincoln Home
Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library
Abraham Lincolns tomb
Dana Thomas House
When you've finished sightseeing in the Windy City of Chicago, we invite you to join us on a road trip through the rest of Illinois. There are many exciting places and attractions waiting to be discovered:
The state of Illinois is the starting point of America's most famous road, the legendary Route 66. Take a rental car (or a motorcycle) and experience the feeling of endless freedom when you drive the first part of Route 66 from Chicago to Springfield! By the way, it will take you about 4 to 5 hours to cover the 275 km between the two cities.
The impressive 14.6 m high statue of the Black Hawk is towering on a 23.5 m high cliff above the Rock River near the city of Oregon. It was crafted by artist Lorado Taft and inaugurated in 1911. "The Eternal Indian" depicts Black Hawk, an important warrior and leader of the Sauk tribe, and represents the unconquerable spirit of the Native Americans.
You'll see lighthouses more often on the shores of Lake Michigan. One of the most beautiful of them stands in Evanston, north of Chicago. Grosse Point Lighthouse is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is considered a National Historic Landmark. You can even climb the 141 steps to the top of the tower as part of a guided tour.
No, you're not in Tuscany. You're in the town of Niles, Illinois! The Leaning Tower of Niles is a half-sized replica of the famous Leaning Tower of Pisa and a great photo opportunity. If you come to the 30,000-resident-town located about 25 km north of Chicago in the summer, you might be lucky enough to catch the annual open-air "Leaning Tower Concert Series."
Are you looking for great photo opportunities in Illinois? These five Instagram hotspots guarantee you great shots:
Viewing platform of Willis Tower
Leaning Tower in Niles
If your stomach is growling during your Illinois trip, you can indulge in these regional specialties:
Deep Dish Pizza (also: Chicago Style Pizza, pizza baked in a pan with a high crust)
Chicago Style Hot Dog (sausage in a poppy seed bun with onions, hot peppers, tomato, gherkin)
Italian Beef Sandwich (sandwich with roast beef and mozzarella or provolone cheese)
Horseshoe Sandwich (a specialty of Springfield: toasted bread topped with a hamburger patty, fries, and cheese sauce)
Chicago Style Popcorn (a mixture of cheese and caramel popcorn)
You still don't know enough about the US state of Illinois? We have found some other interesting facts:
The towns of Kaskaskia and Vandalia were the state capitals of Illinois before Springfield.
US President Abraham Lincoln held his first public office in New Salem, Illinois.
US President Ronald Reagan was born in Tampico, Illinois.
Illinois generates more nuclear power than any other US state.
Aurora was the first American city to be completely equipped with electric street lighting. That's why it's nicknamed the "City of Light."
If you put ketchup on a Chicago Style Hot Dog, you will get a lot of weird looks because, in Chicago, this is considered a major culinary sin!
Do you want to stay in Illinois forever? Here are a few tips to help you plan your new life:
The best job opportunities in Illinois are within the main economic sectors. These include agriculture (growing corn, soybeans, wheat, fruit, wine), food manufacturing (meat processing and dairy production), the chemical industry, engineering, and IT. The Chicago area also offers you many job opportunities in the fields of services, hospitality, and tourism.
The Cost of Living Index in Illinois is about the same as the American average. Only if you want to live in the metropolis of Chicago or the capital Springfield, you have to expect somewhat higher costs. Here, living is about 7 %, respectively 4 %, more expensive than in the rest of the USA. If you ask Illinois residents about the most livable places in their state besides lively Chicago, they will often recommend Peoria and Rockford.
Do you have your heart set on Illinois? The easiest way to the Prairie State is to get a Green Card, which allows you to live and work in Illinois indefinitely! You can obtain the much sought-after Permanent Resident Card comparatively quickly and easily through the Green Card Lottery, which is organized every year by the US government. Sign up now!
Win one of 55,000 Green Cards in the official Green Card Lottery of the US authorities!
Green Card Check


text:
Saccharibacillus kuerlensis is a  Gram-positive and  aerobic bacteria from the genus of Saccharibacillus which has been isolated from desert soil from the desert of Kuerle in China.

References

Paenibacillaceae
Bacteria described in 2009

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Printed off and bring to the showground where they will be exchanged for the appropriate wristbands on arrival.
Always worth checking spam first before contacting us the little devils sneak in there sometimes.
You are of course welcome to bring children to this event however this is strictly at parent's discretion due to the nature of the event including Body Artists, Burlesque and Tattooing which some parents may not consider appropriate. We have various art activities for children but no Bouncy Castle or rides here.
Well-behaved dogs are welcome but must be kept on fixed leads (not retractable) and under control at all times. All owners must clean up after their dogs, and place in receptacles available. Dogs are not allowed within the exhibition hall (assistance dogs excepted). Excessive Barking must be controlled. The £1 charge above is to cover the costs incurred the unfortunate need to clear the site of dog mess before we leave the showground.


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I'm looking to create a stacking event that will trigger a GPO or GPI change based on indicators from another Non-Axia device on my network.
The non-Axia device (Dragonwave Radio) has both SNMP and Syslog capabilities, the Syslog is currently being directed to a DUDE server, which e-mails me certain critical alerts, and just logs the performance data and other information.
I'm assuming I'd need a Protocol Translator to see the Errors from either Syslog or SNMP then have the stacking event act based on this. But I'm not sure how to build the protocol translator that will monitor either type of traffic.
If I'm understanding you correctly, you basically want to trigger stacking events off of syslog/SNMP messages from your Dragonwave Radio, correct?
If that's the case, I would start by grabbing a Wireshark trace of the Syslog/SNMP packets containing the messages you're looking for---these will be your qualifiers later on.
You should then be able to create a Generic Protocol Translator with TCP/IP UDP Connection, UDP Local Port = 514 (for Syslog), UDP Local Port = 161 (for SNMP).
After that, you'll just need to create a Stacking Event with a "Protocol Translator Command" qualifier based on the message you're looking for.
Thanks. Using a protocol translator on UDP port 514 did exactly what I needed.


Our research teams at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa and Temple University are interested in determining the disparities for HIV-related Hypertension in African American and Asian Pacific American MSM. The purpose of this study is to learn more about how to better manage healthy living (e.g., without high blood pressure or hypertension) associated with the HIV disease. Our hope is that information from this study will help in creating effective prevention programs.
If you decide to take part in this study, we will ask you to complete a 45-minute survey in a private space on four occasions (once per year). After each survey, we will measure your body weight, height, and blood pressure (both office seated blood pressure and 24-hour monitoring). Finally, we would like to draw a small amount of your blood when you start the study and during your third visit. This will take place at the Clint Spencer Clinic, John A. Burns School of Medicine in Kakaʻako.
You may receive up to $200 to reimburse you for your time and efforts in participating.
Or complete our brief online form!
Interested in participating, complete our online form!
• Intend to stay in the Honolulu for the next 3 years.


Added by Piper Muhlhauser on November 1, 2016.
"Alice Through the Looking Glass," a 2016 film directed by James Bobin, was a very big disappointment compared to the original "Alice in Wonderland" directed by Tim Burton. Both movies are around 2 hours long with the original being a little shorter than the new version. The story is completely random with everyone jumping around in a barely able to follow story that takes a completely different turn from the original where everyone is trying to help the Mad Hatter cope with the lost of his parents to the Jabberwocky. The Hatter is convinced they are still alive and sends Alice on a crazy journey to find them. The Jabberwocky is an evil dragon sent by the Red Queen to rain havoc upon Wonderland to pave way for her rule.
When rewatching both of the films, I can easily say I was thoroughly disappointed with "Alice Through the Looking Glass." The only good thing about "Alice Through the Looking Glass" was that the animations were very colorful and different compared to the original "Alice in Wonderland." Bobin kept the same actors but made them all act completely different from how they were portrayed by Burton. For example, the Mad Hatter (as acted in both films by Johnny Depp), sounded completely different in a span of six years with way more added lisps and a complete change of the original character from 2010. The rest of the characters stayed, but they also all seemed to act completely different other than the White Queen (Anne Hathaway).
Animation has gotten better through the years and so movie directors will do everything they can to incorporate those new ideas to make the newest and best movie available. "Alice Through the Looking Glass" had wonderful animation from Time's Clock to the constantly changing new backgrounds that made you focus with that. Other than the animations that have gotten better with technology, "Alice Through the Looking Glass" should not be on your list of top 10 movies you want to see from 2016.


Hello to all. Attached below is NEW broadcast of A Bowl of Soul A Mixed Stew of Soul Music celebrating April is Jazz Music Appreciation Month. Below are the songs in this broadcast. Thanks for having A Bowl of Soul!


text:
\section{Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}0
According to the thermodynamical analogy one can apply the
laws of
thermodynamics that are valid for large statistical systems to the
description
of a single black hole \cite{Bekenstein1}. The key idea of this
approach is
that a black hole has an intrinsic entropy proportional to the
surface area of
the event horizon $\Sigma$.  This idea  has found  strong support
in Hawking's
discovery \cite{Hawking} of thermal radiation of a black hole that
allowed to
determine the entropy precisely as $S=A_\Sigma / 4G$. However,
the
microphysical explanation of the black hole entropy as  counting
of states is
still absent though many attempts have been made ( see recent
review
\cite{Bekenstein}). One of possible ways is to associate the
entropy with a
thermal bath of fields propagating just outside the horizon
\cite{a1}.
Recently, it also has been proposed to treat black hole entropy as
an
entanglement entropy \cite{Srednicki}, \cite{Sorkin}. Starting with
the pure
vacuum state one traces over modes of quantum field
propagating inside the
horizon and obtains the density matrix $\rho$.  The entropy then
is  defined
by the standard formula
$S=-Tr \rho \ln \rho$. It measures  the number of inside modes
which are
considered
as internal  degrees of freedom of the hole. In a similar manner,
Frolov and
Novikov
\cite{Frol.} suggested  to trace over modes outside the horizon.

The  calculations for the Rindler space and black holes
\cite{CW}-\cite{Cognola}  have shown  that entropy is divergent .
This is
essentially due to the short-distance correlations between the
inside and
outside modes.

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate, following the
previous
investigations \cite{Sus}, \cite{Jac}, \cite{Sol},  that this
divergence is
really the ultraviolet one typically  appearing in quantum field
theory and it
can be removed by standard renormalization of the gravitational
couplings in
the effective action.
In  the earlier paper \cite{FS} we  have given  a proof of this for  a
minimally
coupled scalar field and noted that the non-minimal  coupling
needs a
special  consideration. The reason  of this is that there exists a
$\delta$-like
potential in the  field operator  due to the scalar curvature $R$
behaving as
a distribution on manifold with conical singularity. Below we
consider this in
more details. We start  in Section 2. with formulating the
Euclidean path
integral which is relevant  to calculation of the entanglement
entropy
of a black hole. In Section 3. we   formulate the statement about
renormalization of  black hole entropy.  The proof of it
 for non-minimally
coupled scalar field is given in Section 4. We conclude in Section
5. with some
remarks concerning the relationship of the entanglement
(statistical)
and thermodynamical entropies. The Appendixes  A  and B
contain      basic
formulas for curvature tensors  and heat kernel expansion on
manifolds
with conical singularities obtained in previous study.

\section{Euclidean path integral  for entanglement entropy.}
\setcounter{equation}0
The horizon surface $\Sigma$ naturally separates the whole
space-time of a
black hole on  the regions  $R_+$ and $R_-$ the free information
exchange
between which is impossible. This is obviously due to the fact
that the global
Killing vector $\xi_t=\partial_t$, generating translations in time,
becomes
null,
$\xi^2_t=0$, on the horizon. Therefore, any light signal emitted
from any point
 on  the horizon or behind it, never can reach an outside observer.
So events
happening in the part of the space-time beyond the horizon are
unobservable
for him in principle.
This concerns excitations  of quantum fields as well. They  are
naturally
separated on 'visible'
(propagating in the region $R_+$) and 'invisible'' (propagating in
the region
$R_-$) modes.
The partial loss of information about  the microstates  composing
the concrete
macrostate  typically appears in statistical description of
systems with large
number of degrees of freedom. We can see that  a similar
phenomenon naturally
happens for a black hole. This fact certainly lies in the principles
of the
thermodynamical analogue allowing to apply laws of
thermodynamics to a hole.

\bigskip

The situation , when a part of states of the system  is unknown, in
quantum
mechanics is usually described by  density matrix. Assume, that
the quantum
field $\phi$, being considered  on the whole space-time, is in
pure ground
state

\begin{equation}
\Psi_0=\Psi_0 (\phi_+,\phi_-)
\label{2.1}
\end{equation}
which is  the function of both visible ($\phi_+$) and invisible
($\phi_-$)
modes.
For an outside observer it is in the mixed state described by  the
density
matrix

\begin{equation}
\rho (\phi_+^1, \phi_+^2)=\int{} [ {\cal D} \phi_-] \Psi^+_0
(\phi_+^1, \phi_-) \Psi_0 (\phi^2_+, \phi_-)
\label{2.2}
\end{equation}
where one traces over all invisible modes $\phi_-$.
Then the entropy defined as

\begin{equation}
S_{geom}=-Tr  \hat{\rho}  \ln \hat{\rho}, \   \ \hat{\rho}={\rho \over
Tr
\rho}
\label{2.3}
\end{equation}
is so-called entanglement (or geometric) entropy
\cite{Srednicki}-\cite{Frol.}.

\bigskip

Applying this construction to a black hole, we identify  all  the
invisible
modes
with internal  degrees of freedom and  (\ref{2.3})
with entropy of the  hole.  The ground state of the black hole is
given by  the
Euclidean functional integral  \cite{BFZ} over fields defined on
manifold $E'$
which
is half-period part of the black hole instanton with metric

\begin{equation}
ds^2_{E'}=\beta^2_H g(\rho) d\varphi^2 +d\rho^2 +r^2(\rho)
d^2\Omega
\label{2.4}
\end{equation}
where angle variable $\varphi$  lies in the interval  $-{\pi \over 2}
\leq
\varphi  \leq {\pi \over  2}$.  The inverse Hawking temperature
$\beta_H$ is
determined by  the derivative of  the metric  function $g(\rho)$ on
the horizon
($g(\rho_h)=0$),
$\beta_H={2 \over g'(\rho_h)}$.
The $\phi_+$ and $\phi_-$ which enter as arguments in (\ref{2.1})
are the fixed
values at the boundaries $\phi_+=\phi (\varphi={\pi \over 2})$;
$\phi_-=\phi
(\varphi=-{\pi \over 2})$, giving the boundary condition in the path
integral.
The density matrix $\rho (\phi^1_+,
\phi^2_+)$ obtained by tracing $\phi_-$-modes is defined by the
path integral
over fields on the full black hole instanton $E \  (-{3 \over
2}\pi\leq\varphi\leq {1 \over 2}\pi)$ with cut along the $\varphi={\pi
\over
2}$
axis and taking values $\phi^{1,2}_+$ above and below the cut.
The trace $Tr \rho$ is obtained by equating the fields across the
cut and
doing the unrestricted Euclidean path integral on the complete
black hole
instanton $E$. Analogously, $Tr \rho^n$ is given by  the path
integral over
fields defined on $E_n$, $n$-fold cover of $E$.  Thus,  $E_n$ is
the manifold
with abelian isometry (with respect to angle rotation  ${\partial
}_\varphi$)
with
horizon  surface $\Sigma$ as stationary set.  Near $\Sigma$ the
$E_n$ looks as
direct product $E_n=\Sigma \otimes {\cal C}_n$, where ${\cal
C}_n$ is
two-dimensional cone with angle deficit $\delta=2\pi(1-n)$. This
construction
can be analytically continued to
arbitrary (not integer) $n \rightarrow  \alpha={\beta \over
\beta_H}$.

Define now the partition function

\begin{equation}
Z(\beta)= Tr \rho^\alpha
\label{2.5}
\end{equation}
which is path integral over fields defined on $E_\alpha$, the
$\alpha$-sheeted
covering of $E$. Then the geometric entropy (\ref{2.3})
takes the standard thermodynamical form

\begin{equation}
S_{geom}=- Tr (\hat{\rho} \ln \hat{\rho})= (-\alpha \partial_\alpha
+1)
\ln Z(\alpha) |_{\alpha=1}
\label{2.6}
\end{equation}
being expressed via partition function $Z$.  We see that $\beta$
plays the role
of the inverse temperature. After all calculations one must put
$\beta=\beta_H$
in (\ref{2.6}).
Assuming that the dynamics of matter fields is determined by a
differential
operator
$\hat{\Delta}$ we obtain that the relevant partition function
(\ref{2.5}) is
given by  the determinant

\begin{equation}
Z(\beta)=\det{}^{-1/2} \hat{\Delta}
\label{2.7}
\end{equation}
considered on  $E_\alpha$. It is essential that $E_\alpha$ is
manifold with
conical singularity since namely the singularity produces in the
effective
action $W(\alpha)=- \ln Z(\alpha)$ terms
proportional to ($1-\alpha$)  that contribute to the entropy
(\ref{2.6}).

One can see that the partition function (\ref{2.5}) looks as a
thermal one

\begin{equation}
Z(\beta)= Tr e^{-\beta \hat{H}}
\label{2.8}
\end{equation}
with $\beta$ playing the role of inverse temperature, $\hat{H}$
being a
relevant Hamiltonian. This fact was previously observed in
\cite{KS}
for the Rindler space and was  supposed to be  general.
The relevant Euclidean path integral  for the entanglement
entropy of the
Rindler space was found in \cite{CW}. The exact construction of
the wave
function of a black hole was  proposed in \cite{BFZ}.  The
thermality  of the
corresponding density matrix was established in \cite{Jac1}.

\bigskip

\section{The statement.}
\setcounter{equation}0
As defined in  previous section  entanglement entropy is not free
from
the ultraviolet divergences. They result  from the corresponding
divergences of
the  effective action
$W(\alpha)$. It was shown for the minimally coupled scalar matter
\cite{a4}  that
the divergent part of  the effective action on $E_\alpha$ is really
sum of
volume and
surface terms:

\begin{equation}
W_{div} (\alpha)=W_{div}^{vol} +W_{div}^{surf}
\label{3.1}
\end{equation}
The volume  term in (\ref{3.1}) is standard one.  It is proportional
to
$\alpha$ not contributing to entropy. The second
term is given by integral  over   the singular surface $\Sigma$. It
is
proportional to $(1-\alpha)$ and hence contributes to the entropy
resulting to
its divergence \cite{Sol1}. The origin of these divergences lies
obviously in
the short-distance correlation between 'visible' and 'invisible'
modes which is
concentrated  at the surface   $\Sigma$ separating regions
$R_+$ and $R_-$.

However, it was  proposed  in number of papers that the
divergences of entropy
can be removed by the standard renormalization  of the
gravitational couplings. Indeed, the higher curvature terms are
necessarily
generated by quantum corrections . Therefore, such a $R^2$
terms must be added
from the very beginning with some bare constants
($c_{1,B}, c_ {2,B}, c_{3,B}$) (tree-level) to absorb  the one-loop
infinities. The bare (tree-level) gravitational functional thus takes
the
form\footnote{Of course, we assume an addition to (\ref{3.2}) due
to a
classical matter which can be in principle rather complicated.}

\begin{equation}
W_{gr}=\int{}\sqrt{g}d^4x \left( -{1 \over 16\pi G_B} R
+c_{1,B}R^2+c_{2,B}
R^2_{\mu \nu} +c_{3,B} R^2_{\mu\nu\alpha\beta} \right)
\label{3.2}
\end{equation}
The corresponding tree-level entropy can be obtained within the
procedure
considered in the previous section as replica of the action
(\ref{3.2}) on
introducing of the conical singularity. The conical singularity at
the horizon
$\Sigma$ manifests itself in that a part of an curvature tensor for
such a
manifold $E_\alpha$ behaves as a distribution having support on
the surface
$\Sigma$  \cite{Teitelboim}, \cite{FS2} (see Appendix A). Hence,
the action
(\ref{3.2}) being considered on  $E_\alpha$ has volume  and
surface terms:

\begin{equation}
W_{gr}[ E_\alpha ]=W_{gr}^{vol}[E_\alpha /  \Sigma ]+
W^{surf}_{gr} [\Sigma]
\label{3.3}
\end{equation}
where the volume part is given by integral (\ref{3.2}) over  regular
part of
the manifold $E_\alpha$. This part is obviously proportional to
$W_{gr}^{vol} \propto \alpha$. So the whole contribution  to the
entropy comes
from the surface term. Using formulas of Appendix A
((\ref{A1})-(\ref{A4})) we obtain finally for the tree-level entropy
\cite{FS},
\cite{FS2}:

\begin{equation}
S(G_B, c_{i,B})= {1 \over 4G_B} A_\Sigma-\int_{\Sigma} \left( 8\pi
c_{1,B} R
+4\pi c_{2,B}R_{ii}+8\pi  c_{3,B}R_{ijij} \right)
\label{3.4}
\end{equation}
We see that the classical law $S={1 \over  4G}A_\Sigma$ gets
modified due to
$R^2$-terms in the action  (\ref{3.2}). The additional term  now
depends both
on  external and internal geometries of the surface $\Sigma$.
It should be noted that (\ref{3.4}) exactly coincides with entropy
computed by
the Noether charge method of Wald \cite{Wald}.

\bigskip

The main point now is that the divergent part of the entanglement
entropy
(\ref{2.6})  is such  that  its sum with the tree-level entropy
(\ref{3.4})

\begin{equation}
S(G_B, c_{i,B})+S_{div}(\epsilon)=S(G_{ren}, c_{i, ren})
\label{3.5}
\end{equation}
takes again the tree-level form $S(G_{ren}, c_{i,  ren})$ expressed
through
the renormalized constants $G_{ren},     \  c_{i,  ren}$. They are
related with
the bare
constants by usual equations originated from the one-loop
renormalization of
the action

\begin{equation}
W_{gr}(G_B, c_{i,  B})+W_{div}(\epsilon)=W_{gr} (G_{ren}, c_{i,
ren})
\label{3.6}
\end{equation}
being considered on regular  space-times without horizons.

Thus, divergences of the entanglement entropy are removed by
the standard renormalization of the  gravitational couplings. So,
no special
renormalization procedure for  entropy is required.

This statement for  the Newton constant $G$ has  been advocated
in \cite{Sus},
\cite{Jac} when considered divergences of the entropy of the
Rindler
space-time.
Necessity to renormalize also the higher curvature couplings was
argued in
\cite{Sol} for the entropy of the Schwarzshild black hole. For
minimal coupling
this statement was proved   in  \cite{FS} for general black hole
metric.
In recent preprint \cite{Myers} this procedure was  checked for
the
 Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m black hole. Below we demonstrate this
statement
 for the non-minimally coupled scalar  matter generalizing the
result of
\cite{FS}.

\bigskip

\section{The  heat kernel expansion.}
\setcounter{equation}0
For non-minimally coupled scalar field the curvature directly
enters  into the
matter action:

\begin{equation}
W_{mat}={1 \over 2}\int{}[(\nabla \phi)^2 + \xi R \phi^2]
\label{4.1}
\end{equation}
Considering (\ref{4.1}) on manifold $E_\alpha$ we must take into
account the
$\delta$-like contribution of  the curvature coming from the
conical
singularity (see (\ref{A0})) \cite{Teitelboim}, \cite{FS2}:

\begin{equation}
R=\bar{R} + 4\pi(1-\alpha) \delta_\Sigma
\label{4.2}
\end{equation}
where $\bar{R}$ is  the regular part of the scalar curvature.
Therefore, the
quantization of non-minimal matter on $E_\alpha$ forces with the
problem of
treating operators with $\delta$-like potential.
Applying (\ref{4.2}) to the action (\ref{4.1}) we obtain that

\begin{equation}
W_{mat}=2\pi(1-\alpha)\xi\int_{\Sigma} \phi^2+{1 \over 2}
\int_{E_\alpha} \phi
(-\Box_\xi)\phi
\label{4.3}
\end{equation}
where we denote $\Box_\xi=\Box -\xi \bar{R}$ and assume
regularity of the field
$\phi$ on the singular surface $\Sigma$.

Then, considering the path integral over  the scalar field $\phi$ we
get

\begin{equation}
Z=\int{}[{\cal D} \phi ] e^{-2\pi  (1-\alpha)\int_{\Sigma} \phi^2}
e^{-{1 \over 2} \int_{E_\alpha} \phi (-\Box_\xi) \phi}
\label{4.4}
\end{equation}
Expanding\footnote{We proceed the perturbation expansion with
respect to
$(1-\alpha )$. The first term of the expansion is well-defined  (see
(\ref{4.11})). The next terms, however, are expected to be
ill-defined due to
contributions like $\delta^2 (0)$. The indication of this can be
found in
\cite{Allen}. In principle, we could use some type of regularization
similar to
that of  \cite{FS2} to give a sense to such a terms. It should be
noted,
however, that these terms are irrelevant  for the calculation of
entropy.
I thank D.Fursaev for this remark.} the first factor in (\ref{4.4})
by powers of $(1-\alpha)$ and omitting higher terms we have

\begin{equation}
Z=\bar{Z} \left( 1-2\pi \xi (1-\alpha) < \int_{\Sigma} \phi^2 >_{\bar{Z}
}\right)
\label{4.5}
\end{equation}
where  the average $<  \  >_{\bar{Z}}$ is taken with respect to
measure defined
by functional integral

\begin{equation}
\bar{Z}=\int{}[{\cal D} \phi ]e^{-{1 \over 2} \int_{E_\alpha} \phi
(-\Box_\xi)
\phi}
\label{4.6}
\end{equation}
Equivalently,  this can be written as follows

\begin{equation}
\ln{Z}=\ln{\bar{Z}} -2\pi\xi(1-\alpha) <\int_{\Sigma} \phi^2
>_{\bar{Z}}
\label{4.7}
\end{equation}

For $\ln{\bar{Z}}$  the following heat kernel expansion is known
\cite{a4}:

\begin{eqnarray}
&&\ln{\bar{Z}}=-{1 \over 2} \ln det (-\Box_\xi )={1 \over 2}
\int_{\epsilon^2}^{\infty} {ds \over s}  Tr \bar {K}_{E_\alpha} (s),
\nonumber \\
&&\bar{K}_{E_\alpha} (s)=e^{-s \Box_\xi}={1 \over (4\pi s)^{d \over
2}}
\sum_{n}^{}{} \bar{a}_n s^n, \ \ s \rightarrow 0
\label{4.8}
\end{eqnarray}
where the coefficients $\bar{a}_n (x,x)$ generally take the form

\begin{equation}
\bar{a}_n(x,x)=\bar{a}^{st}_n (x,x)+ \bar{a}_{n, \alpha} (x,x)
\delta_\Sigma
\label{4.9}
\end{equation}
The $\bar{a}_n^{st}(x,x)$ are standard  \cite{BD}  heat kernel
coefficients
given by  the local functions of curvature tensors (see Appendix
B). The second
term in (\ref{4.9})
has support only on the singular surface $\Sigma$,
$\bar{a}_{n,\alpha}(x,x)$
is  a local function of projections of a curvature tensors on  the
subspace
normal
to $\Sigma$. The exact form of coefficients $\bar{a}_{n,\alpha}
(x,x)$
is given in Appendix B.

On the other hand, by standard arguments we have

\begin{equation}
< \phi (x) \phi (x') >= \Box^{-1}_\xi=\int_{\epsilon^2}^{\infty} ds
e^{-s
\Box_\xi}
\label{4.10}
\end{equation}
Inserting  (\ref{4.8})-(\ref{4.10}) into (\ref{4.7}) we finally obtain

\begin{eqnarray}
&&\ln Z= {1 \over 2} \int_{\epsilon^2}^{\infty} {ds \over  s}  Tr
K_{E_\alpha}
(s), \nonumber \\
&&Tr K_{E_\alpha} (s)= Tr \bar{K}_{E_\alpha} (s) -4\pi\xi
(1-\alpha)s Tr_\Sigma
\bar{K}_{E_\alpha} (s)
\label{4.11}
\end{eqnarray}
where  the $x$-integration in $Tr_\Sigma$  is taken only over the
surface
$\Sigma$.
Identity (\ref{4.11}) allows us to write  the following expansion for
the heat
kernel $K_{E_\alpha}(s)$:

\begin{eqnarray}
&&Tr K_{E_\alpha} (s)= {1 \over (4\pi s)^{d/2} } \sum_{n}a_n s^n,
\nonumber \\
&&a_n=\int_{E_\alpha} \bar{a}_n (x,s)- 4\pi \xi (1-\alpha)
\int_{\Sigma}
\bar{a}_{n-1}(x,s)
\label{4.12}
\end{eqnarray}
Since we are interested  only in the first order  of $(1-\alpha)$ we
may take
$\bar{a}_{n-1}=\bar{a}^{st}_{n-1}$ in the r.h.s. of (\ref{4.12})
neglecting the corresponding $\bar{a}_{n-1,\alpha}$ term.
One can see that   $a_n$ has the same  volume part
$\bar{a}^{st}_n$ as  (\ref{4.9})  (see (\ref{B3})):

\begin{eqnarray}
&&a_0^{st}(x)=1 \ \ , \ \ a^{st}_1=({1 \over 6}-\xi ) \bar{R}
\nonumber \\
&&a^{st}_2 (x)={1 \over 180} \bar{R}^2_{\mu\nu\alpha\beta} -
{1 \over 180} \bar{R}^2_{\mu\nu} -{1 \over 6} ({1 \over 5}-\xi)\Box
\bar{R}
+{1 \over 2}({1 \over 6}-\xi )^2 \bar{R}^2
\label{4.13}
\end{eqnarray}
The difference appears in the surface term. For the few first
coefficients we obtain (cf. (\ref{B4})):

\begin{eqnarray}
&& a_{0, \alpha}=0, \ \ a_{1,\alpha}=4\pi (1-\alpha ) \left( {1 \over 6}
({1
+\alpha \over 2\alpha} )
-\xi \right), \nonumber \\
&&a_{2, \alpha} = 4\pi (1-\alpha ) ({1 \over 6}-\xi ) ({1 \over 6} ({1
+\alpha
\over 2\alpha})
-\xi  ) \bar{R} - {\pi \over 180} ({1-\alpha^4 \over  \alpha^3})
(\bar{R}_{ij}-
2\bar{R}_{ijij} ) ~~~,
\label{4.14}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\bar{R}_{ii}=\bar{R}_{\mu\nu}n_i^{\mu}n_i^{\nu}$ and
$\bar{R}_{ijij}=\bar{R}_{\mu\nu\lambda\rho}n^{\mu}_in^{\lambda}_
i
n^{\nu}_j n^{\rho}_j $.

\bigskip

Now we are ready to calculate the divergences of the effective
action
$W_{eff}=- \ln Z$. In four dimensions  the infinite part of the
effective
action is the following

\begin{equation}
W_{div}=-{1 \over 32 \pi^2} ({1 \over 2} {a_0 \over \epsilon^4}+{a_1
\over
\epsilon^2} +2a_2 \ln {L \over \epsilon } ),
\label{4.15}
\end{equation}
where $L$ is infrared cut-off. Due to the same property (\ref{4.9})
of  the
coefficients
$a_n$ (\ref{4.12}) the $W_{div}$ is a sum of volume  and surface
parts
(\ref{3.1}).
Combining volume part of the one-loop action (\ref{4.15}) with the
tree-level
one (\ref{3.2}) we can see that divergences  (under $\epsilon
\rightarrow 0$)
are absorbed in the standard renormalization of the coupling
constants
\cite{BD}:

\begin{eqnarray}
&&{1 \over G_{ren}}={1 \over G_{B}}+ {1 \over 2\pi \epsilon^2}
({1 \over 6} -\xi), \ \ c_{1,ren}=c_{1,B}-{1 \over 32 \pi^2} ({1 \over 6}
-\xi)^2 \ln
{L \over \epsilon} \nonumber \\
&&c_{2,ren}=c_{2,B} +{1 \over 32 \pi^2} {1 \over 90} \ln {L \over
\epsilon}
; \ \ c_{3,ren}=c_{3,B} -{1 \over 32 \pi^2} {1 \over 90} \ln {L \over
\epsilon}
\label{4.16}
\end{eqnarray}

On the other hand, applying  the formula

$$
S_{div}=(\alpha \partial_\alpha -1) W_{div}|_{\alpha=1}~~,
$$

we obtain  the divergence of the entropy

\begin{equation}
S_{div}= {1 \over 8\pi \epsilon^2} ({1 \over 6} -\xi) A_\Sigma + \left(
{1
\over 4 \pi}
({1 \over 6} -\xi)^2  \int_\Sigma \bar{R}
-{1 \over 16 \pi } {1 \over 45} \int_{\Sigma}
(\bar{R}_{ii}-2\bar{R}_{ijij} )
\right)
\ln {L \over \epsilon}
\label{4.17}
\end{equation}
We see that the complete entropy which is sum of the tree-level
$S(G_B,c_{i,B})$ (\ref{3.4}) and $S_{div}(\epsilon ) $ (\ref{4.17})
becomes finite by the same renormalization of  the constants
(\ref{4.16})
which renormalizes the effective action. So the identity (\ref{3.5})
indeed holds.

For the minimal coupling  $(\xi=0)$ the expression (\ref{4.17})  has
been
obtained in
\cite{Sol1}. In the conformal invariant case ($\xi={1 \over 6}$) the
Newton
constant $G$ and  the coupling $c_1$ are not renormalized.
Correspondingly,
there are no area $A_\Sigma$ and $\int_{\Sigma}R$ contributions
to the entropy
(\ref{4.17}) which is remarkably determined  by  only  conformally
invariant
 expression $\int_{\Sigma} (R_{ii}-2R_{ijij})$.

It should be noted that  our proof of the main statement is based
on the nice
property of  the heat kernel coefficients $a_n$.  Namely,  up to
$(1-\alpha)^2$
terms the exact
$a_n$  on manifold  $E_\alpha$
occurs to be equal to the standard volume coefficient
$\bar{a}_n^{st}$
 considered on manifold $E_\alpha$:

\begin{equation}
a_n (E_\alpha )=  \int_{E_\alpha} \bar{a}^{st}_n (x,x) +
O((1-\alpha)^2)
\label{4.18}
\end{equation}
if  one applies the formulas of Appendix A. for curvatures on
$E_\alpha$.
Then up to  $(1-\alpha)^2$ the renormalization of entropy
(\ref{3.5})
directly follows from the renormalization of the effective action
(\ref{3.6}).

The curvature terms enter  the matter action of  the fields of
different spins
that gives rise to difficulties  in operating with entanglement
entropy
\cite{Kabat}.  We believe that our result can be certainly
generalized also for
these cases.

\bigskip

\section{Remarks.}
\setcounter{equation}0
One can look  at the entanglement entropy given by  the
expression  (\ref{2.6})
from quite different point of view. Consider the whole system
(gravity plus matter) at arbitrary temperature $T=(2\pi\beta)^{-1}$.
Then its
partition function is given by the Euclidean functional integral
over all
fields
defined on manifold with abelian isometry along the Killing vector
$\partial_\varphi$. They are periodic  with period $2\pi\beta$.
Assumption that
the system includes black hole means that there exists a surface
$\Sigma$
(horizon) which is a fixed point of the isometry. Semiclassically,
we take a
metric satisfying these conditions and evaluate the quantum
contribution of
matter fields on this background. Then  (\ref{2.5}) and (\ref{2.7})
are exactly
such the partition function with  the effective action $W(\beta,
g_{\mu\nu})=-
\ln Z$ to be
 the  functional of the temperature $\beta^{-1}$ and  the metric
$g_{\mu\nu}$.
Taking its variation with respect to $\beta$ (when $g_{\mu\nu}$
fixed) gives us
the  statistical (entanglement) entropy
$S_{ent}=(\beta \partial_\beta -1)W(\beta , g_{\mu\nu})$ above
considered.

On the other hand, taking  temperature to be fixed we can find the
corresponding equilibrium
configuration which is  extremum of the effective action $W(\beta,
g_{\mu\nu})$.
The entanglement entropy  then is worth comparing  with the
thermodynamical
entropy\footnote{ I wish to thank V.P.Frolov for discussing this
point.} of a
black hole. The latter  is determined  by total response of the
one-loop
free energy $F$ ($\beta F= W$) of the system being in thermal
equilibrium on
variation of temperature.
 So we must compare the free energies of two  configurations
being  in
equilibrium at slightly different
temperatures.
 The equilibrium configuration corresponding to the fixed
temperature $\beta$
is found from the extreme
 equation ${\delta W (\beta , g_{\mu\nu}) \over \delta
g_{\mu\nu}}|_{\beta
}=0$. This extremum of the effective action is reached
on regular manifolds without conical singularities and the
equilibrium metric
is  function of  the temperature $\beta$ and parameters fixing the
macro-state
of the system (mass $M$, charge $Q$, etc.)\footnote{Really the
minimization of
the functional $W(\beta, g_{\mu\nu})$ under $\beta$ fixed
includes also
variations in the space of macro-parameters. Therefore,  the
equilibrium state
lies on the constraint  $\beta=\beta (M, Q)$. }.
Now the equilibrium free energy $\beta F=W(\beta ,
g_{\mu\nu}(\beta))$
gives us the thermodynamical entropy $S^{TD}=(\beta  d_\beta-1)
W(\beta, g_{\mu\nu}(\beta))$.  Note that  for equilibrium states the
total
derivative
$d_\beta W=\partial_\beta W +{\delta W (\beta , g_{\mu\nu}) \over
\delta
g_{\mu\nu}} {\delta g_{\mu\nu} \over \delta \beta }$ coincides with
the
partial.  Then  we obtain  that two entropies indeed  coincide,
$S^{TD}=S_{ent}$.

However,  in order to calculate $S^{TD}$ we must know exactly
the form of the
quantum-corrected configuration $g_{\mu\nu}(\beta)$ that
is  normally out of our  knowledge. On the other hand the
calculation
of $S_{ent}$ does not require such an  information and we can
obtain exactly
the entropy  (off-shell) as  a function of metric and its derivatives
on the
horizon
$\Sigma$. It should be emphasized that there is no contribution to
$W(\beta,
g_{\mu\nu}(\beta))$ due to the conical singularity and we deal
with  the
standard ultraviolet divergences coming from the bulk terms in
the effective
action.
They  result  in the corresponding divergences of the entropy
which are
obviously regularized by  the standard renormalization of the
gravitational
couplings.
So in terms of the thermodynamical entropy our main statement
holds
automatically.

\bigskip\bigskip
\begin{center}
{\bf Acknowledgments}
\end{center}
I  am grateful to R.C.Myers, V.P.Frolov , D.V.Fursaev and
A.Zelnikov for
valuable
discussions.  I thank V.P.Frolov for kind hospitality at University
of Alberta
and financial support.

\newpage
{

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
An Interview With Sarah Litzsinger
The Last Five Years is a musical love story from Tony-Award winning composer Jason Robert Brown (Parade, Songs for a New World) that chronicles a young couple's romance � with her story starting at the end of their relationship, and his beginning on the day they met. The George Street Playhouse revival brings Sarah Litzsinger and Colin Hanlon back to New Brunswick a year after they starred in the immensely successful play tick,tick...BOOM! I was able to talk with Sarah about the play and her career.
Last year you and Colin Hanlon were part of a pretty successful run in tick, tick... BOOM! What's it like to have two central cast members brought back for a different role?
It's amazing! Colin and I knew last year that we were going to do The Last Five Years this season, and we have been looking forward to it all year. It's been just such a pleasure both last year and this year. It's almost like being part of a family. I think it's a rarity when you're working in theatre when you find a group of people that you really adore and love working with.
So you knew about this role during that run as well?
Yeah, actually Colin would warm up before tick, tick... BOOM! with the song "Moving Too Fast" from this show and David (Saint) would ask Colin, "What are you singing?" So, Colin was sort of the one who brought it to David. He said, "I love this musical. It's really great and you should hire me and Sarah." I think David had listened to the CD and was already considering it and then when we expressed interest in it he was quick to ask us if we wanted to come back this year and do it.
So, was it pretty easy to get the chemistry going again this year?
Definitely. The great thing with Colin and I is that we played boyfriend / girlfriend last year, so it was an easy jump to play a married couple - we already had that existing chemistry together. And also with David. We had stayed friends over this past year and we all have a very similar sense of humor, so it really doesn't seem like work. We'd be laughing half the day and coming up with ideas for things we were going to do. It just didn't seem like work, which is the best possible scenario.
What's it like working with someone like David Saint, who is really the guiding force for a theater?
It's amazing. This year was even better because we had already established our relationship together and we could create chemistry together. So from the first day of rehearsal it was already fun. And I think David is really brilliant. He always comes up with great ways and unexpected ways of telling a story. Of course, I was imagining how I was going to do this number or that number in my head because The Last Five Years are basically just words in the script. It doesn't really tell you where they are or what they're doing. And David came to us with all of these great ideas and just made it really exciting.
You've been on Broadway several times in roles like Beauty & The Beast and Les Miserables, how is a theater like George Street different in your eyes?
Basically the money is on Broadway - especially if you're playing a lead on Broadway.
Or in a Disney production...
Exactly! Disney was great to me and they treated me very well, but I really like working at George Street because to me David always picks pieces of theatre that are a little bit edgier and maybe look at the darker side of things. As an actor, it's really challenging and interesting to play. The types of shows that he picks for George Street are things that sort of make you think. It's maybe something that doesn't necessarily have a happy ending or a fairy-tale ending. He's interested in looking at all those different sides of life. I think that's why The Last Five Years interested him. It is sort of an edgier piece. It looks at a contemporary couple and the trials and tribulations that they go through. When I'm here I feel like it's my chance to sort of stretch myself and I feel really safe here.
How would you describe the music in the play?
We have a six-piece band and it's all acoustic music. There are a couple of cellos, a violin, acoustic guitar, piano and bass. There are no drums in the show and the orchestrations are absolutely gorgeous. What's interesting about the orchestration is that they rarely play the melody of what the singer is singing. So, they sort of fill in the blanks. You'll hear this violin going crazy behind the vocals and they have their own voices. It sounds like there's many people behind us playing when it's only six of them. To me, Jason Robert Brown's music is so actable. He reminds me of a pop Sondheim. It's interesting and difficult at times. His music, to me, is unexpected - it doesn't go where you think it's going to go. But his songs are totally singable and actable. You have to use a lot of your range when you're singing it, but I love it. For any musical theater actor or performer that loves to sing in a contemporary style this is the music to sing. I think a lot of people in the community who have these types of voices would grab at the chance to sing his music because it's just so beautiful.
You started out very young on Broadway. I know you probably wanted to do this for a career, but did everybody tell you that it was going to be too difficult to act for a living?
I think that I was really fortunate because I started singing when my parents got me the record of Annie when I was six. I was a really good mimic and started singing to the record. One day my parents thought it was the record playing, but it was me singing. They were sort of blown away and like "what are we going to do?" I kind of forced my parents into the business. I had 100% interest in being on stage, wanting to sing, and wanting to be up there. So my parents started taking me to auditions and I had an agent discover me when I was 10 years old.
It was basically my hobby, but my parents had a New York agent tell them that I had the talent and the ability to do this on a larger scale. So they just kind of went along with it and I just ended up getting jobs. I think I was really fortunate because I had a lot of success at a very young age. And after I graduated from high school I moved out here to New York City permanently.
A lot of people say I moved out to New York at such a young age, but I think it's easier to move to New York when you're 18 because you don't know as much. I think you learn a bit more in your 20s and I think it would be harder to move there if I was 26 or 27 with a little more knowledge in me. Those fears of "what if I don't make it" - well at 18 I thought I was going to make it. I think I was just more fearless at that age and it was probably the best thing for me.
How is being in a limited run as The Last Five Years different from your stints on Broadway, which lasted for quite some time?
Well, this past year I've been doing tons of new pieces and regional theatre - just different shorter gigs that I've really enjoyed. I've usually been locked into things - I did Beauty and the Beast for three years and I did Les Miserables for a long time. This is the first time in my career that I've sort of jumped around to different jobs, but I've really enjoyed the variety of work. Working in a long running show is a challenge in itself, but jumping from role to role is great because you get to explore different parts of yourself.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


As we reach the end of the year, the economic recovery in the United States is approaching a new record for duration. In June, it will have its tenth birthday, passing the 1990s recovery as the longest one in US history. While recoveries do not die of old age, they do die. The length of this recovery has many looking for recession prospects on the horizon. At the moment, they are not clearly visible.
If we flip the story and looked at employment rates, the employment rate for prime-age workers (ages 25 to 54) was 2.5 percentage points lower in September of 2015 than it is today. That translates into another 3.2 million people with jobs.
Furthermore, the beneficiaries have been overwhelmingly the most disadvantaged in the labor market. The unemployment rate for African Americans has fallen by 3.3 percentage points in the last three years. For Hispanics, the drop has been almost 2.0 percentage points. For workers with just a high school degree, the drop was 1.7 percentage points, and for workers without a high school degree, the drop was 2.3 percentage points.
The tighter labor market has also meant rising wages for those at the middle and bottom of the income ladder. The average hourly wage was rising at just over a 2.0 percent annual rate in the fall of 2015. In the most recent data, it was rising at a rate of slightly more than 3.0 percent.
Based on this acceleration in wage growth, it reasonable to speculate that wages for workers at the middle and bottom end of the labor market are 1.0-1.5 percent higher than they would have been if the Fed had slammed on the breaks back in 2015. While that may not sound like a big deal, for a worker earning $40,000 a year, that could be another $600 a year in wage income.
In aggregate, if a tighter labor market raised wages for the bottom half of the workforce by 1.5 percentage points, this translates into roughly another $50 billion a year in higher wages for this group. If we assume that most of the 3.2 million new jobs went to people in the bottom half, that amounts to another $90 billion in wage income. It is very hard to envision a new or expanded social program that gives $140 billion a year to people in the bottom half of the income distribution.
But enough of the good news, what about the next recession? Everyone keeps looking back to the last recession and trying to identify a bubble that will burst, causing another financial crisis and sinking the economy. Fortunately, there is no serious story here.
Many analysts point to the corporate bond market where there has been a large expansion of risky debt. While it is totally plausible that much of this debt will default if the economy slows, there is just not the same basis for the sort of downward spiral we saw with the collapse of the housing bubble.
In worst case scenarios, the holders of this debt take a hit of $300-$400 billion. That's bad news for them, but in an economy with close to $100 trillion in assets, that is not the stuff of recessions, much less major financial crises.
The stock market continues to be high by historical standards and could quite plausibly drop another 10 percent. This would be a hit to the wealth of many high- and upper middle-income people. But unlike the late 1990s, the stock market is not now driving the economy. The lost consumption as a result of diminished stock wealth would dampen growth by perhaps 0.5 percentage points at the low end, to 1.0 percentage points at the high end. Such loss would not drop the economy into a recession.
Housing prices are high, as I have noted in the past, but they seem driven by the fundamentals in the market, which are also driving up rents. Furthermore, construction has remained weak in this recovery, so there is not much room to fall, unlike in the bubble years.
With no obvious bubbles to burst, this leaves rate hikes from the Fed as the most likely source of the next recession. The Fed's rate hikes to date have undoubtedly had the effect of slowing growth. This is most evident in the housing market where most data on sales and construction are down from year-ago levels.
The Fed's rate hikes have also helped to push up the value of the dollar, which has increased the trade deficit. Higher rates have also played some role in dampening private investment as well as infrastructure investment by state and local governments.
The Fed has been reasonably cautious to date. Past rate hikes are unlikely to sink the recovery. Hopefully its caution will continue and it will allow workers to get further gains from a tight labor market. But if I had to take a bet as to what would be the cause of the next recession, it would be the Fed. After all, excessive rate hikes by the Fed have been the cause of most prior post-war recessions. They will also be the most likely cause of the next one.


text:
Livraria Lello returns to read and be read
News 15 of March of 2021
After Closing, Soon After Its 115th Anniversary,
The House Of Books, Readers And Authors Reopen Doors Today, With Free Entry
Face the future with confidence. It is exactly with a huge thirst for the future that Livraria Lello opens again today, at 10:30 am, offering free entry. After having closed its doors two days after the celebrations of its 115th anniversary, Livraria Lello is now reopening as an essential actor in the deconfinement planned by the government and health authorities that honors the also essential good that gives it reason and being: the book.
As on the anniversary day, Livraria Lello will open with free admission for all readers, a way to contribute to the rebirth of trust, in addition to being proof that "a future for bookstores" is not only necessary, how it is possible and can and deserves to succeed.
Two months after the lockdown that dictated the closure of all Portuguese bookshops, Livraria Lello is preparing to reopen the doors of a house that, according to the president of the Board of Directors, Aurora Pedro Pinto, "belongs to books, readers and authors ". "We have always argued that books should be seen as essential goods. We are prepared and very happy to open the doors again to our readers and friends ", she welcomes.
In compliance with all DGS health safety standards, Livraria Lello believes that books play a very important role in the mental health and quality of life of the entire population, helping them to remain mentally healthy and civically awake, through the stories that count and the trips they allow to make, imagined or real.
It is in light of this mission, and in an act of financially costly courage compensated by the public service that it also assumes, that Livraria Lello opens its doors, today, with the opening hours between 10:30 am and 1:00 pm and between 2:00 pm and 5:30 pm.
Partnership with PANTONE® turns the iconic staircase of Livraria Lello yellow and gray
Lello bookshop opens wicket for the city
Siza Vieira accepts to create a project for a new cultural space at Livraria Lello


text:
namespace Content.Server.Chemistry.Components;

[RegisterComponent]
public sealed class SolutionSpikerComponent : Component
{
    /// <summary>
    ///     The source solution to take the reagents from in order
    ///     to spike the other solution container.
    /// </summary>
    [DataField("sourceSolution")]
    public string SourceSolution { get; } = string.Empty;

    /// <summary>
    ///     If spiking with this entity should ignore empty containers or not.
    /// </summary>
    [DataField("ignoreEmpty")]
    public bool IgnoreEmpty { get; }

    /// <summary>
    ///     What should pop up when spiking with this entity.
    /// </summary>
    [DataField("popup")]
    public string Popup { get; } = "spike-solution-generic";

    /// <summary>
    ///     What should pop up when spiking fails because the container was empty.
    /// </summary>
    [DataField("popupEmpty")]
    public string PopupEmpty { get; } = "spike-solution-empty-generic";
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Tyler Breeze (Fashion Police) - WWE Elite 61 WWE Toy Wrestling Action Figure by Mattel!
Freeze! The Fashion Police are taking prisoners with Tyler Breeze in Mattel WWE Elite 61! Breeze is smirking and sporting purple and pink wrist tape, matching his blue 'Fashion Police' tights and purple and pink boot cuffs. He also comes with a removable shirt featuring a yellow badge, white and black hat, yellow and orange sunglasses and a fluffy baton! This figure comes with an artistic display stand!
Tyler Breeze (Fashion Police aka Breezango) - WWE Elite 61 WWE Toy Wrestling Action Figure by Mattel!
It was a gift that was requested.


Spring is in the air, and I'm sure that both students and staff are looking forward to a well-deserved break. The school year is moving quickly, and we at Blanco ISD are working fast and furious to keep the pace. We have come to the time of the year where the rigors of the classroom join the many extracurricular opportunities that are available. It is important that we work together to achieve a balance for our students so that they can reap the benefits of a well-rounded education experience.
Safety of our staff and students is always a priority for us at BISD. We continue to discuss safety measures and conduct drills with staff and students on a regular basis. District officials are meeting with law enforcement agencies in the area to become more familiar withon another and discuss preparedness. These experts will provide guidance in standard response protocol and make recommendations that will strengthen and improve our emergency operations plans. The district is also working with the sheriff's office to provide guidance to parents and students with regard to the dangers of inappropriate social media use. More information will be provided soon. Blanco students continue to display excellence in co-curricular and extracurricular activities. The elementary and middle school UIL Academic teams continued their dominance of the district. The boys and girls basketball teams were both district and bi-district champions. FFA students competed successfully in many stock shows and judging events. The Panther band had 30 students advance to state, and FCCLA students are donating their time for community service projects. The high school UIL Academic teams are honing their skills, spring sports are in full swing, and spring concert season is upon us. Finally, our student councils, honor societies, clubs, cheerleaders, and other student groups are serving the school and community in many ways. Wow! What a great time to be a Blanco Panther!
School districts are required to provide 75,600 minutes of instruction for students per school year. When a school calendar is designed each year, there are enough minutes built into the calendar to cover bad weather days. Even with the late start on December 8 and January 17, and the cancellation of school on January 16, we have enough minutes to cover that missed time. Therefore, we will not need to make up the day or time that was missed.
Speaking of instruction, the 2018-2019 school calendar has been adopted. Students will start school on Wednesday, August 22, 2018. School hours of operation have been adjusted due to the number of student days in the calendar. Please visit blancoisd.com to view the calendar. The Blanco Education Foundation is now officially an organization designed to encourage, facilitate, recognize, and reward innovative instructional approaches. BEF has received a Certificate of Formation from the Secretary of State and a Tax ID from the IRS. The organizing committee is primarily community members who are dedicated to supporting the staff and students of our district. At the foundation's next meeting, they will establish by-laws and install a Board of Directors, and then begin fundraising activities. It is very exciting to see the community involved for our benefit. If you are interested in joining this great organization, please contact the BISD Central Office.
Have a relaxing spring break! This much-needed break will give everyone the opportunity to catch their breath and enjoy a little time away. I am hopeful that our staff and students will use this time to re-energize and return with a renewed sense of purpose ready to meet the challenges of the spring semester.


Mr. Benn gets his name from cute little British children's' character, but the rapper Mr. Benn does not wear a black suit and bowler hat. Dig the dancehall vibes on "Rising Star". The dude's been around for years, but this is the first single off his first debut album.
Pirate radio DJ and producer turned MC, Smasher, brings it from the UK with "Doing Me". It's a good hook, and these dudes spit fast.
Directed by Lucy Love, Linkoban is da bomb. Dig this UK rapper's style in her video for "Like This".


make you feel welcome and at home in the Netherlands. A large varied team of board members and active members are very dedicated to organizing all the fun activities for you. Hopefully I get to welcome you in this family one day!
I am very passionate about two things: my two cats (or any other cat for that matter) and the colour pink. So, don't hold back and show me all the funny cat videos or memes you can find.
I very much hope to be able to welcome you in person in our amazing bar Carpe Noctem in the city centre, or our cosy office at the University. In the meantime, feel free to ask us any questions! I'm looking forward to meeting you!


Promotional and discount campaigns are all about timing and placement. That's why you've got to create a killer call-to-action and display it in a prominent location for all to see. 4OVER4.COM's Vinyl Sale Banners let you point your efforts towards success and make sure your discount sales dominate the competition!
You may be working on engagement with your target audience regarding your upcoming special sale on social media, handing out flyers in public spaces or with online ads and digital advertising. But when crunch time gets closer, huge, colorful and eye-catching vinyl banners will not only increase awareness on your specific sale, but on your overall brand image.
Get highly durable, top quality and affordable vinyl sale banners right now with our instant price calculator and online design tool, located conveniently at the top right corner of your screen. What are you waiting for? Let's take a look at this product's specs and available customization options.
Apart from size and the specific type of material you'll want your vinyl banners made out of, you also have choices for optional grommets every 2 feet or just at the corners, and choice of grommet color in order to get a fully personalized asset for your brand. Even more customization is possible by asking to include hems at the top and bottom only or on all four sides.
Focus on the Benefits: Why should your target audience take advantage of your special promotions? What are the benefits of going for your brand and not the competition? Be sure to make a statement with a powerful call-to-action that drives people to engage with your business.
Percentages: Most discount promotions and campaigns offer savings opportunities and the best way of reflecting that is printing a big, clear number of how much your clients are going to save by choosing your brand. Consider bold letters and other design details that focus attention on that particular piece of information.
Don't overcrowd: Having a big canvas on which to pour your design ideas may lead you to fill them with information, pictures and other design assets. Remember that you must direct the attention of your target audience to very specific benefits. Don't let them be distracted by too many images or symbols. Be clear and get straight to the point.
Smart locations: Your new sale banners won't serve their purpose if you place them where nobody can see them. Direct your target audience towards your store's location by placing banners in high-traffic areas.
Contact Info: Never, ever forget to print your contact information, social media profiles and other communication channels on your new banners. Don't just stick with promoting your discount sales, take this opportunity to further engage your target audience by directing them to your fan pages, maybe offering them higher discount prices and vouchers by sharing, subscribing or leaving a like.
Many customers ask us the same question: "what's vinyl?". And it's a fair one, to be honest. Vinyl is an artificial material made out of ethylene (found in crude oil) and chlorine (found in regular salt). The chemical combination of both results is Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) resin, commonly referred to as vinyl.
Vinyl is highly durable and affordable, which was revolutionary at the time of its invention back in 1872 by German chemist Eugen Baumann.
Highly Resistant: Vinyl is not affected by moisture and humidity levels, basically making it weather-proof.
Highly Durable: Vinyl's long lifespan, provided by its resistance to weather conditions, makes it a great choice for marketers in almost every industry.
Affordable: This man made material is a highly affordable product that was designed to be that way since its invention, in the midst of the industrial revolution.
Eco-Friendly: Although it's not a 100% eco-friendly material, vinyl is recyclable and reusable.
They are great! The color tone of my banner design wasn't the ideal, but thankfully before printing the item a 4over4 staff member contacted me to help me solve the issue. Thanks for taking the time to ensure my printing project will look perfect.
I regularly buy sale banners to let my customers know there are great deals for them. Sometimes, I upload my own designs and when I have no time I just choose on of their pre- designed banners. First-class quality.
I ordered 4'x12 sales banners to announce end of the season sales. 4over4 is awesome! I loved the banners and even more, I loved their friendly service. We do season sales 4 times a year and I can guarantee, 4over4 will be getting our repeat business. Highly recommended!
My boss was impressed with the sale banners I ordered from 4over4! These banners are eye-catching! I received 4 banners in only 2 business days. Professional work, quality service, quick turnaround and the right price. No need to say more!
Sale banners from 4over4 come in three convenient sizes. I requested minor edits to the online proof 4over4 sent me and the company was very responsive.They were quick to make it right so I will use this company again soon.
Once every three months, I organize garage sells. I like to order different sale banners to make the sell look fresh. I only pay $40 dollars and have my 2' x 6' banner ready in two days. Excellent job!
I only took me a couple of minutes to purchase a sale banner from 4over4. Their pricing was good for our tight budget and banners were perfect when I received them. Lightweight, yet heavy enough to last for a long time. I got them in only two days!
13oz Outdoor Vinyl banners withstand harsh weather conditions! I like to place these banners outside my store to drive traffic in and they after 6 months they look brand new. I used these colored vinyl banners to promote holiday sales.
Sale banners are a great outdoor signage option!Designing a large format banner is difficult, but 4over4 makes the job easier for us. I only had to take a look at the categories and choose the best option for the purpose of our sale. My banners turned out so great - better than I could have ever expected!
Everything you need to know about Vinyl Sale Banners, printing, design, folding, scoring, marketing, and more!


text:
import datetime
import decimal
import os
import re
import time
import zipfile

from PIL import Image
from Scripts.DB_sync import sync
from lxml import etree

from Scripts.ex import SHP

# отключаем предупреждения о большом объёме снимка
Image.MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS = None

# переменные каталогов
src_dir = r"U:\PRJ"
# src_dir = r"U:\PRJ\2015\T3\Финальный Диск 2\Disk 03. Vostsiblesproekt (Krasnojarskij kraj)\TH-1\images"
# src_dir = r"U:\PRJ\2015\T3\Финальный Диск 2\Disk 03. Vostsiblesproekt (Krasnojarskij kraj)\BKA\images"
# src_dir = r"Z:\Геоданные\Полноразмерные примеры снимков\ZY3_China"
# src_dir = r"E:\!Go\temp\DG"

image_list = []  # сюда будут записываться найденные снимки
counter = 0  # счётчик отсканированных снимков
start_time = time.time()

def im_scrape(target_file_path):
    """ последовательный посик снимков в исходной директории
    :param file_name: название файла для поиска
    :param path: корневая директория файла
    :return список из найденных снимков (в виде словарей)
    """
    global image_list
    # global filename
    global counter
    global zfile
    global item

    file_name = os.path.basename(target_file_path)
    try:
        # поиск метаданных DG
        if re.match(r'\d{2}\D{3}.+P\d+\.XML$', file_name, re.IGNORECASE) is not None:  # DG
            counter += 1
            tag_values_list = xml_find(
                target_file_path, ['SATID', 'CATID', 'FIRSTLINETIME', 'CLOUDCOVER', 'MEANOFFNADIRVIEWANGLE',
                            'MEANSUNEL', 'MEANSUNAZ', 'PRODUCTLEVEL', 'BANDID', 'PRODUCTGSD'])
            # переводим облачность из сотых в единицы 0-100
            part = '0'
            acq_datetime = date_formatter(tag_values_list['FIRSTLINETIME'])
            cloud_cover = int(round(float(tag_values_list['CLOUDCOVER']), 2) * 100)
            if tag_values_list['BANDID'] == 'P':
                spectral_mode = 'PAN'
            elif tag_values_list['BANDID'] == 'RGB':
                spectral_mode = 'RGB'
            # elif tag_values_list['BANDID'] == 'BGRN':
            #     spectral_mode = 'BGRN'
            else:
                spectral_mode = 'MSS'
            gsd = float(tag_values_list['PRODUCTGSD'])
            # TODO-basile разобраться с тэгом уровня обработки (сейчас - статичное 'a')
            # inn_level
            web_link = 'https://browse.digitalglobe.com/imagefinder/showBrowseMetadata?catalogId=' +\
                                tag_values_list['CATID']
            # qucik look link
            # archive link
            geom = SHP.geom_finder(target_file_path, os.path.basename(file_name.split('.')[0]))
            if geom is None:
                pass
            form_image_dict(tag_values_list['SATID'], tag_values_list['CATID'], part,
                            acq_datetime, cloud_cover, tag_values_list['MEANOFFNADIRVIEWANGLE'], spectral_mode,
                            gsd, tag_values_list['MEANSUNEL'], tag_values_list['MEANSUNAZ'],
                            tag_values_list['PRODUCTLEVEL'], web_link, file_name, geom)

        # if re.match(r'TH\d{2}.+\d+\.XML$', file_name, re.IGNORECASE) is not None:  # TH-1
        #     counter += 1
        #     tag_values_list = xml_find(
        #         target_file_path, ['ProductID', 'SatelliteID', 'SceneStartTime', 'CloudCoverQuote', 'ViewingAngle',
        #                     'SunElevation', 'SunAzimuth', 'DataOrderLevel'])
        #     assert tag_values_list['SatelliteID'].split('-')[0] == 'TH01', '"SatelliteID" tag is not "TH01"'
        #     sat_name = tag_values_list['SatelliteID'].split('-')[0]
        #     part = '0'
        #     acq_datetime = date_formatter(tag_values_list['SceneStartTime'])
        #     try:
        #         im = Image.open(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(file_path)), 'Product',
        #                                      file_name.replace(file_name[-4:], ".tif")))
        #     # если файл - в архиве
        #     # TODO - тратится много времени на разархивирование - вообще, нужно ли использовать изображение?
        #     except FileNotFoundError:
        #         print("Извлекаю снимок из {}...".format(filename))
        #         zip_im = zfile.open(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(item)), 'Product',
        #                                      file_name.replace(file_name[-4:], ".tif")).replace('\\', '/'))
        #         im = Image.open(zip_im)
        #     if im.mode == 'L':
        #         spectral_mode = 'PAN'
        #     elif im.mode == 'RGB':
        #         spectral_mode = 'RGB'
        #     else:
        #         spectral_mode = 'MSS'
        #     # тоже проверка на количество каналов, но через тэг (не работает в нек. вариантов поставок)
        #     # if im.tag[270][0].split()[0].upper() == 'PAN':
        #     #     spectral_mode = 'PAN'
        #     # else:
        #     #     spectral_mode = 'MULTI'
        #     try:
        #         with open(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(file_path)), 'Product',
        #                                file_name.replace(".XML", ".tfw")), 'r') as f:
        #             if float(f.readline().strip()) <= 2:
        #                 gsd = 2.0
        #             else:
        #                 gsd = 10.0
        #     # если файл - в архиве
        #     except FileNotFoundError:
        #         with zfile.open(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(item)), 'Product',
        #                                file_name.replace(".XML", ".tfw")).replace('\\', '/'), 'r') as f:
        #             if float(f.readline().strip()) <= 2:
        #                 gsd = 2.0
        #             else:
        #                 gsd = 10.0
        #     # inn_level
        #     # http://cn.bsei.com.cn/th_imgdb_bsei/web/ImageDetail?act=dtl&gid=   ->  954900 <-    &pl=1a&s=1
        #     web_link = "http://cn.bsei.com.cn/th_imgdb_bsei/"
        #     # qucik look link
        #     # archive link
        #     form_image_dict(
        #         sat_name, tag_values_list['ProductID'], part,
        #         acq_datetime, tag_values_list['CloudCoverQuote'], tag_values_list['ViewingAngle'],
        #         spectral_mode, gsd, tag_values_list['SunElevation'], tag_values_list['SunAzimuth'],
        #         tag_values_list['DataOrderLevel'], web_link, file_name)
        #
        # # if re.match(r'ZY\d+.+\d+\.XML$', file_name, re.IGNORECASE) is not None:  # ZY-3
        # #     counter += 1
        # #     tag_values_list = xml_find(
        # #         file_path, ['ProductID', 'SatelliteID', 'StartTime', 'CloudPercent', 'YawSatelliteAngle',
        # #                     'SolarZenith', 'SolarAzimuth', 'ProductLevel'])
        # #     assert tag_values_list['SatelliteID'].split('-')[0] == 'ZY3', '"SatelliteID" tag is not "ZY3"'
        # #     sat_name = 'ZY03'
        # #     part = '0'
        # #     # выясняем формат даты и времени
        # #     acq_datetime = date_formatter(tag_values_list['StartTime'])
        # #     # vend_level
        # #     # inn_level
        # #     # web_link
        # #     # qucik look link
        # #     # archive link
        # #     form_image_dict(
        # #         sat_name, tag_values_list['ProductID'], part,
        # #         acq_datetime, tag_values_list['CloudPercent'], tag_values_list['YawSatelliteAngle'],
        # #         abs(180 - 90 - float(tag_values_list['SolarZenith'])), tag_values_list['SolarAzimuth'],
        # #         tag_values_list['ProductLevel'], file_name)
        # if re.match(r'\d{7}-.+pasp.+\.XML$', file_name, re.IGNORECASE) is not None:  # BKA
        #     # TODO добавить поддержку другого вида метаданных - от GISBELOUT (русские тэги)
        #     counter += 1
        #     tag_values_list = xml_find(
        #         target_file_path, ['JobId', 'Satellite', 'Acquisition_Time_GMT', 'Percent_Cloud_Cover',
        #                     'Viewing_Angle', 'Sun_Elevation', 'Sun_Azimuth', 'Level', 'Band',
        #                     'PixelSize_Easting', 'PixelSize_Northing'])
        #     assert tag_values_list['Satellite'] == 'БКА', '"SatelliteID" tag is not "БКА"'
        #     sat_name = 'BKA1'
        #     part = '0'
        #     acq_datetime = date_formatter(tag_values_list['Acquisition_Time_GMT'])
        #     # TODO разобраться с вариантами спектров; почему некоторые БКА сканирует очень долго?;
        #     if tag_values_list['Band'] == 'Панхром':
        #         spectral_mode = 'PAN'
        #     else:
        #         spectral_mode = 'MSS'
        #     gsd = float(tag_values_list['PixelSize_Easting'])
        #     # inn_level
        #     web_link = 'ДОБАВИТЬ ССЫЛКУ'
        #     # qucik look link
        #     # archive link
        #     # убираем из названия снимка
        #     file_name = file_name.replace('_pasp-ru', '')
        #     form_image_dict(sat_name, tag_values_list['JobId'], part, acq_datetime,
        #                     tag_values_list['Percent_Cloud_Cover'], tag_values_list['Viewing_Angle'],
        #                     spectral_mode, gsd, tag_values_list['Sun_Elevation'],
        #                     tag_values_list['Sun_Azimuth'], tag_values_list['Level'], web_link, file_name)

        if file_name.endswith('.zip'):  # zip-архив (с потенциальными снимками)
            try:
                with zipfile.ZipFile(target_file_path, 'r') as zfile:
                    for item in zfile.namelist():
                        if item.endswith('/'):
                            # skip directory names
                            continue
                        im_scrape(item)
            except FileNotFoundError:
                pass
                # zfiledata = io.BytesIO(zfile.read(item))
                # with zipfile.ZipFile(zfiledata) as zfile:
                #     for item in zfile.namelist():
                #         im_scrape(item)

    # TODO-basile выводить все потенциально подходящие, но забракованные файлы/директории в отдельный лог
    except zipfile.BadZipfile:
                print('Битый архив: {}'.format(file_path))

def form_image_dict(
        sat_name, vendor_id, part, acq_datetime, cloud_pct, off_nadir, spec_mode, gsd, sun_elev, sun_azim,
        vend_level, url, filename, geom):
    """ Берём значения параметров снимка, стандартизуем и формируем из них словарь и добавляем в список снимков """
    print("Работаем с", filename)
    acq_date = datetime.date.strftime(acq_datetime.date(), '%d.%m.%Y')
    acq_time = datetime.time.strftime(acq_datetime.time(), '%H:%M:%S')
    innoter_id = '_'.join([sat_name, datetime.datetime.strftime(acq_datetime, '%y%m%d'), '00000001', spec_mode, 'a'])
    # TODO разобраться со значениями cloud_pct для всех спутников
    cloud_pct = int(cloud_pct)
    assert 0 <= cloud_pct <= 100, 'значение cloud_pct выходит за рамки 0-100'
    # округляем угол отклонения в меньшую сторону
    off_nadir = decimal.Decimal(off_nadir).quantize(decimal.Decimal(1), rounding=decimal.ROUND_DOWN)
    off_nadir = abs(int(off_nadir))
    # округляем угол солнца в большую сторону
    sun_elev = decimal.Decimal(sun_elev).quantize(decimal.Decimal(1), rounding=decimal.ROUND_UP)
    sun_elev = abs(int(sun_elev))
    sun_azim = abs(int(round(float(sun_azim), 0)))
    assert type(gsd) is float, 'Ошибка, значение gsd "{}" - не с плавающей точкой'.format(gsd)
    gsd = round(gsd, 1)
    # TODO-basile добавить проверку на наличие снимка в БД (с присвоением номера части и игнором повторов)
    image = {'sat_name': sat_name, 'vendor_id': vendor_id, 'part': part, 'acq_date': acq_date, 'acq_time': acq_time,
             'innoter_id': innoter_id, 'cloud_pct': cloud_pct, 'off_nadir': off_nadir,
             'spec_mode': spec_mode, 'gsd': gsd, 'sun_elev': sun_elev,
             'sun_azim': sun_azim, 'vend_level': vend_level, 'url': url,
             'filename': filename.split('.')[0], 'geom': geom}
    image_list.append(image)

def xml_find(target_file_path, tag_list):
    """
    сканирует xml-файл метаданных, возвращая значения заданных тегов в виде списка

    :param target_file_path: целевой файл для поиска параметров
    :param tag_list: список тэгов для поиска в метаданных
    :return: список значений искомых тегов
    """
    try:
        xml = etree.parse(target_file_path)
    # если файл - в архиве
    except OSError:
        xml = etree.parse(zfile.open(target_file_path))
    root = xml.getroot()
    tag_values_list = {}
    for tag in tag_list:
        # обратные слеши позволяют искать по всем элементам xml, а не только по детям корневого элемента
        tag_values_list[tag] = root.findtext('.//' + tag)
    return tag_values_list

def date_formatter(date_string):
    """
    Выясняет формат записи даты и времени, возвращает дату в фомате datetime
    :param date_string: дата и время в форме строки
    :return: datetime object
    """
    if re.match(r'\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}.\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}$', date_string) is not None:  # BKA, ZY-3 вариант 1
        try:
            return datetime.datetime.strptime(date_string, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
        except ValueError:
            return datetime.datetime.strptime(date_string, '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S')
    elif re.match(r'\d{14}\.\d+', date_string) is not None:  # ZY-3 вариант 2
        return datetime.datetime.strptime(date_string, '%Y%m%d%H%M%S.%f')
    elif re.match(r'\d{4}.\d{2}.\d{2}.\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}\.\d+.?$', date_string) is not None:  # DG, TH-1 и т.д.
        # TODO реализовать эти 2 пункта через подобные исключения?
        try:
            return datetime.datetime.strptime(date_string, '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%fZ')
        except ValueError:
            return datetime.datetime.strptime(date_string, '%Y %m %d %H:%M:%S.%f')

# def zipped_zip_search(archive_name, zipped_data):
#     global zfile
#     global item
#     zfiledata = io.BytesIO(archive_name.read(zipped_data))
#     with zipfile.ZipFile(zfiledata) as zfile:
#         for item in zfile.namelist():
#             im_scrape(item)

for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(src_dir):
    for filename in filenames:
        file_path = os.path.join(dirpath, filename)
        im_scrape(file_path)

elapsed_time = str(datetime.timedelta(seconds=round(time.time() - start_time)))

print('='*80)
for key, value in sorted(image_list[0].items()):
    print(key, ':', value)

print("\nВсего снимков найдено: {}\nЗатрачено времени {}".format(len(image_list), elapsed_time))

sync(image_list)


text:
Q: MS Access context menu filter message The object doesn't contain the Automation object 'me' I have a form that I open in either datasheet or continuous forms view with four fields bound to text columns in a linked table. If I right click for the context menu and filter on column 1 or 2 equal to one of the values it filters OK; If I try to filter on field 3 or 4 I get the message "The object doesn't contain the Automation object 'me'". If I select 'Text Filter' on fields 3 or 4 and enter some text, it filters OK.
I would be grateful if anybody that has experienced this can tell me why it happens and how to either trap or stop it.
Thanks

A: The problem is with Conditional Formatting on the columns. If I remove conditional formatting, filtering via the context menu works fine, replace the formatting and filtering shows the message (but still filters correctly!!)

A: This is an old post, but you are correct.  I also discovered the cause of this error was incorrect Conditional Formatting.  I kept getting an error on a form about "Object doesn't contain the Automation object [text box]".  I couldn't find that [text box] anywhere.  Then I realized I had Conditional Formatting on some of the fields.  Sure enough, one of the Conditional Formatting rules was referencing this text box that apparently I had removed.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Vietnam Congressional Debate Papers into Public View
Las Vegas: Chihuly and the Crew
Open Smoke
By Nightprowlkitty
Nightprowlkitty on July 17, 2010 at 7:02 pm
RiaD on July 17, 2010 at 8:07 pm
curmudgeon on July 17, 2010 at 8:50 pm
having viewed your essay prior to your opening comment, I was beginning to wonder if this was a projective personality test, sort of an abbreviated Rorschach.
Since our responses to ambiguous stimuli can be quite revealing, I chose not to comment, since during a test situation, no response, a brief response or a detailed response can convey much about the actual or potential client.
Having been trained in graduate school to use such instruments, I continue to be horrified with the abuse of such tests, where clinicians arrive at premature conclusions based upon limited information. Personality tests are useful as adjuncts when the results are in synch with information obtained through a clinical interview, review of historical records, and contacts with collateral sources of informatin. If the tests suggest something different, then the real detective work begins.
But, since this is about music, here are a couple more smoking-related songs…
The Patsy Cline number "Three Cigarettes in an Ashtray" performed by k. d. lang, from about 1990…
Here's another Patsy Cline-like number by k. d. lang and the Reclines, "I'm Down to My Last Cigarette", as performed on BBC television around 1990. One of the two composers of this song, Harlan Howard, had the distinction of having 15 songs he'd composed on the country top 40 charts at the same time in 1961, a feat never since equalled.
The other co-composer, Billy Walker, had just finished a performance in Kansas City, Missouri, on March 3, 1963, when he received a phone call informing him of an urgent need to return to Nashville. A bandmate, Hankshaw Hawkins, offered him his commercial plane ticket. Hawkins instead returned on a private flight with Cowboy Copas, Copas' son-in-law/pilot Randy Hughes, and Patsy Cline. The private plane crashed near Camden, Tennessee, killing all of the occupants. Hawkins was killed much later in a late night car crash in Alabama in 2006.
"Smoke, Smoke, Smoke That Cigarette" was written and performed by Tex Williams, and can be heard during the opening credits of the 2006 film, "Thank You For Smoking." A version by Phil Harris reached the #1 spot on the pop charts in August, 1947, where it remained for six consecutive weeks. Here is a great version by Asleep at the Wheel, accompanied by some great black and white vintage video footage…
And, just to show that the topic of smoke (although not cigarettes in this case) has not been ignored by rock groups, here are a couple…
Bubble Puppy was a Texas-based psychedelic rock band in the late 1960s, and scored their biggest hit with "Hot Smoke and Sassafras", which reached #14 on the Billboard Hot 100 Charts in 1969.
Deep Purple released what one of the more successful smoke-related songs, "Smoke on the Water", which first appeared on the Billboard Top 40 charts in June, 1973, topping out at the #4 slot. In 2004, it was ranked at #426 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. In 2005, Q Magazine ranked it at #12 on its list of the 100 Greatest Guitar Tracks and was designated at #4 in the BBC's "Top 20 Greatest Guitar Riffs Ever." This version has had more than 13,000,000 views.
And, finally there's a rock song referring to smoking (tobacco?), i.e., Brownsville Station's #3 hit from 1974, entitled, "Smokin' in the Boys Room."
where there's smoke, there's fire…
"Fire", from Jimi Hendrix' 1967 album, "Are You Experienced?"…
"Fire", the #2 hit by Arthur Brown from 1968…
"Fire", the #1 hit by the Ohio Players from 1975…
"Fire", the #2 hit by the Pointer Sisters from 1979…
Knucklehead on July 17, 2010 at 11:16 pm
Long Lost Lady & the Blues
RiaD on July 17, 2010 at 11:22 pm
(which is what i thought you'd put with that lovely pic)
curmudgeon on July 18, 2010 at 7:23 am
I suppose "Tobacco Road" would qualify as well. This great cover song enjoyed its first success following its 1964 release by the Nashville Teens, rising to #14 on the Billboard Hot 100 charts.
Here is an interesting cover version, from Woodstock on August 18, 1969, with Johnny Winter on the guitar and brother Edgar performing vocals. Please be patient, the tempo of the song picks up a little at about the 2:40 mark…
And, here is a version by Hank Williams, Jr., seemingly departing just a bit from his country-western roots…


text:
The Beastie Boys: "The Sounds of Science"
Adam Yauch, 1964-2012
http://reselect.com/wordpress/audio/soundsofscience.mp3
Wow, little did I know I would be setting aside Cover Friday for this: Adam Yauch, aka "MCA" of the Beastie Boys, has died at the far-too-young age of 47, apparently after a battle with cancer that he fought very privately.
Within the span of just a few years, The Beastie Boys evolved from their early incarnation circa 1982 as bratty punks (on the Polly Wog Stew EP), to their first crack at hip hop, "Cookie Puss," to the still-bratty (and first significant white) rappers of Licensed to Ill. Over the course of their albums beyond that, they traded the early, sometimes misogynistic wisecracks for more insightful (yet still wisecracking) subject matter, building songs of greater sonic depth in the process. MCA usually came across as the most introspective of the trio, eventually turning to Buddhism and such activities as organizing the Tibetan Freedom Concert. On the Beasties' albums, his raspy vocals were the perfect foil to the whinier, more nasal vocals of Mike D and Ad-Rock.
There's no such thing as a bad Beastie Boys album, if you like their music at all — even the weaker one or two albums in their discography have many strengths to recommend them. But if I had to pick just one to claim as my favorite, the Desert Island Beastie Boys album, it would have to be 1989's Paul's Boutique. From beginning to end it's simply an amazing album, an incredible assemblage of samples from a huge spectrum of sources layered into nothing less than a hip-hop masterpiece. It was the album, in fact, that was the final straw for that degree of sampling, since lawsuits too expensive for labels and artists to afford followed in its wake.
As many great songs as there are on Paul's Boutique, the one that always springs to my mind first is "The Sounds of Science," which strings together several Beatles samples into a marvelous whole. Among them: "When I'm 64" to begin the song, followed by the intro drums from "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (Reprise)," and the guitar raveup from "The End." When the song hits the 1:40 mark, the "Sgt. Pepper" drums start pounding, the boys' rapping kicks into overdrive, and they bring the house down. Prophetically, toward the end of the song, Yauch raps:
I'm gonna die gonna die one day
Cause I'm goin and goin and goin this way
I'm going out first class not going out coach.
As surprising as it may have been to discover after early impressions of the Beastie Boys, Adam Yauch/MCA was indeed a class act, and went out that way — much too early. His presence in the music world will be missed.
Posted in Great Songs 2012, In Memoriam | 2 Comments
zot says:
Nice post. "Paul's Boutique" is my favorite too. Since we both love the Beatles, no surprise that "The Sounds of Science" is also the song I like best on the record.
Thanks — too bad the "Paul's Boutique" discussion couldn't have come under better circumstances.