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De reuzentak is het gebied in een Hertzsprung-Russelldiagram of in een kleur-magnitude-diagram waar de reuzensterren staan, sterren die van de hoofdreeks af geëvolueerd zijn.  Sterren met een massa van minder dan ongeveer tien zonsmassa's worden de reuzen die hier worden beschreven, zwaardere sterren worden rode superreuzen na hun hoofdreeks.

De reuzentak wordt onderverdeeld in de rode reuzentak en de asymptotische reuzentak.  Daar vlakbij bevindt zich de horizontale tak. In ieder van deze 'takken' bevinden de sterren zich in een ander evolutiestadium.  In het kleurmagnitudediagram hiernaast is de reuzentak aangegeven als 'GB', de horizontale tak als 'HB'.

Rode reuzentak

Op de rode reuzentak staan sterren die al het waterstof in hun kern hebben omgezet in helium.  Ze zijn net van de hoofdreeks af geëvolueerd.  In een schil rond die heliumkern vindt nog steeds waterstoffusie plaats, waarbij waterstof uit de mantel van de ster wordt omgezet in helium en toegevoegd aan de heliumkern.  De heliumkern wordt hierdoor als maar zwaarder, compacter en heter, waardoor de mantel van de ster uitzet en afkoelt; de ster wordt een rode reus.

Horizontale tak

Wanneer de temperatuur in de heliumkern van een rode reus is opgelopen tot ongeveer 200 miljoen kelvin, kan helium fuseren tot koolstof en zuurstof.  In sterren lichter dan circa 2,3 zonsmassa's start de heliumfusie in de sterkern heel plotseling, in wat de heliumflits genoemd wordt, in zwaardere sterren komt de fusie geleidelijk op gang. Met het fuseren van helium in de kern krimpt de ster weer en komt op de horizontale tak terecht.  Sterren op de horizontale tak zijn groter, koeler en helderder dan ze op de hoofdreeks waren en verbranden dus helium in de kern in plaats van waterstof.

Asymptotische reuzentak

Wanneer al het helium in de kern van een horizontale-tak ster is omgezet in koolstof en zuurstof, krimpt de kern net als aan het einde van de hoofdreeks, totdat de fusie in een schil om de kern kan plaatsvinden. Direct om de koolstof-zuurstof-kern heen bevindt zich de schil waar heliumfusie plaatsvindt, verder naar buiten is nog steeds de schil waar waterstoffusie gaande is. Tijdens de verdere evolutie 'eten' de twee schillen zich een weg naar buiten, waardoor de koolstof-zuurstof-kern steeds zwaarder wordt.  Bovendien komen de twee schillen steeds dichter bij elkaar te liggen, waardoor diep in de ster instabiliteiten optreden die bekendstaan als thermische pulsen.

Door de hoge temperatuur in de kern is de ster voor de tweede maal gaan opzwellen tot een reus. Deze keer spreken we van de asymptotische reuzentak (asymptotic giant branch, AGB) en zo'n ster wordt een AGB-ster genoemd.  De ster wordt nu nog groter dan op de rode reuzentak en gaat ritmisch pulseren, met een periode van ongeveer een jaar.  Naar het prototype van deze lang-periodieke variabele sterren, Mira worden deze pulsaties Mira-pulsaties en de sterren Mira-variabelen genoemd.  Wanneer zo'n Mira-variabele z'n maximale grootte bereikt, koelt het oppervlak nog meer af en er vormt zich stof. Dit stof, de lage zwaartekracht aan het oppervlak en de hoge lichtkracht van de ster zorgen ervoor dat de ster in een hoog tempo zijn buitenste lagen verliest, totdat alleen de kern overblijft.  Die kern is in eerste instantie heet en zijn felle UV-straling doet het omringende gas (de vroegere mantel van de ster) oplichten als een planetaire nevel.  De kern zelf wordt een witte dwerg en koelt, bij gebrek aan verdere kernfusie, alleen nog maar af.

Astronomie


how is supposed to be tested there?
> Thanks for your info.
> 72 hours? Have we verified the functionality?
> <https://github.com/kamailio/kamilio>, there is an issue tab for it.
> folder? Iirc, it sends a confirmation email when creating the account.
> provider just to see if works fine.
>     that not allow send AAR for a request(INVITE), it not works.
>     send AAR for term and AAR for origin to setup the gate sessions.
>     account on Github, it always hung there to validate the account state?
>         receive the INVITE message and send out rx_aar?
>         we receive 200 OK for term?
>         From code, we got below comments.
>     as an allowed block.


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The Best TV Shows And Movies Coming To Netflix In November
Ah, November. The sweet time of the year when everyone is either still hungover and reliving their glory from Halloween (your costume wasn't even that great, chill), or already setting up their Christmas tree and writing their Hanukkah wish list. There. Is. No. In. Between. Despite the fact that Thanksgiving is around the corner, nobody really seems to care about #turkeyszn. But, fear not! I'm here to make the irrelevant month of November more relevant again. Here are some new shows and movies coming to Netflix in November that you can get excited about.
'Grease'
It's finally here! You may have seen my recent article on a new Grease series that is yet to come, but honestly, what can ever compare with the original? Grease is the ultimate classic you can enjoy with bae, your mom, your friend, or alone. Get your pink jackets, poodle skirts, and singing voices ready, ladies!
'Step Brothers'
Netflix, did we just become best friends? Thank you for bringing us the joy of watching Brennan and Dale's rivalry and brotherhood blossom and the laughs that is Step Brothers. Having a bad day? Need a pick-me-up? This is the perfect comedy to turn on and cry of laughter to. I love you, Will Ferrell.
'A Bad Moms Christmas'
Mila Kunis, Kristen Bell, and Kathryn Hahn. An amazing trio, I must say. A Bad Moms Christmas is the perfect feel-good and hilarious holiday movie about three overworked moms who rebel against the expectations of motherhood during Christmas time. If you're already prepared to sit on Santa's lap this week, this is the movie for you. Let's get in the holiday spirit! P.S. Kristin Bell is me during the holidays.
'A Holiday Engagement'
Bonnie Somerville stars in this this holiday rom-com about a woman named Hilary Burns who constantly feels pressure from her mother to marry (same, girl), and when her new fiancé suddenly breaks up with her, she scrambles to find a replacement. So, she hires an actor to pose as her fiancé in front of her family, as ya do. Honestly, the only reason I even know Bonnie Somerville is from her role as Mona on Friends, but this movie is a pretty fun storyline to follow. Oh also, Hilary Duff's sister, Haylie, stars as the snobby sister, so that in and of itself should be your reason to watch.
'Queer Eye': We're In Japan!
The wait is finally over. It's been a long three months without JVN on our Netflix screens, but the Fab Five are back and truly better than ever. They are abroad in Japan to help four Japanese men and women find confidence in themselves. Unfortunately, the season is only four episodes long, so pace yourselves accordingly.
'The Crown', Season 3
The Netflix series—which won the 2017 Golden Globe for Best Drama and a handful of Emmys, is back with season 3 spanning from 1964 to 1977. Yeah, 13 years of history is a lot to get through. The show follows the reign of Queen Elizabeth II and the ups and downs of the royal family. What's interesting about the show is that the actors change every two seasons. For this season, actress Olivia Colman will take over as Queen Elizabeth, Tobias Menzies as Prince Philip, and Helena Bonham Carter as Princess Margaret.
'The Great British Baking Show: Holidays', Season 2
Dig out your ugly Christmas sweater because The Great British Baking Show is back for Season 2 for the ho-ho-holidays. This holiday extravaganza will see competitors from past seasons of the show reunite under the tent. Paul Hollywood and Prue Leith are back judging this season, and the fans are going wild. We're in for a treat, literally.
'Atypical', Season 3
This Netflix drama follows Sam Gardner, an 18-year-old who's on the autism spectrum, who decides it's time to find love. His journey sets his mom and family on their own path as Sam seeks independence. In the new season, Sam starts his first year of college and is faced with the challenge of figuring out what success means for him. The show is a great presentation of life in a family, specifically with a special needs child. If you haven't seen the show yet, I definitely recommend trying it out.
Unfortunately, when one door opens, one must close *sobs*. While we are so excited about what's to come this month, we also have to face what we are leaving behind. Here are the movies leaving Netflix this month: Caddyshack and Caddyshack 2, Chasing Liberty, Groundhog Day, Sex and the City: The Movie, The House Bunny, Mamma Mia!, and Coco. Enjoy them while you can!
Images: Becca Tapert / Unsplash; Giphy (8)
'Grease' Is Getting A Spin-Off & Here's What We Know
It seems like everything we once loved is coming back in some new form, and I am so for it. You know, The Lion King, Charlie's Angels, Beverly Hills, 90210, and the newest classic from our childhood to get the reboot treatment is Grease. Even though it's set in the 1950s, Grease is a timeless movie that every generation can love and relate to. I grew up singing and dancing to "Summer Nights" and "Greased Lighting" in my basement and continue to sing scream both songs at Karaoke night every chance I get. That's why it is so exciting that a new live-action musical series is coming out on HBO Max (HBO's upcoming streaming service) that will reimagine the original iconic movie. There are not any specific dates for the series to be released, but I know for sure I'll keep my eye out for it.
Seriously, Tell Me More.
HBO Max's description states, "It's still the 1950s, a world that rocks with big musical numbers from the period combined with new original songs as well. It's the peer pressures of high school, the horrors of puberty, and the rollercoaster of life in middle America with a modern sensibility that will bring it to life for today's musical lovers."
The Grease spin-off is going to be called Grease: Rydell High, and it will still take place in the 1950s (just as it did in the original movie) and revolve around the world of Rydell High where Danny and Sandy attended. It will feature big musical numbers from the era as well as incorporate new ones. It will also spotlight some characters in the original 1978 film and introduce many new ones. I'd be surprised if some of the original actors didn't come back and sneak into new roles. I need Frenchy to make a return.
Sarah Aubrey, head of content at HBO Max says, "It's 'Grease' 2.0 but with the same spirit, energy and excitement you immediately think of when you hear any of these iconic songs."
As great as the thought of this is, will they be able to recreate the magic? I hope so, but most classic films and shows are better left as they are. Will the Grease reboot be the one that we want? Stay tuned.
Images: Getty Images; GIPHY

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Although I'd heard multiple times from Ram (very good friend & amazemax photographer at Frontal Knots) that Printpoint's owner Arvind is his cousin, how I got about to shooting this wedding is, I believe, an interesting story.
Until then, I only knew stories Ram had shared, about how fun and hyper his set of cousins and generally, adults in his family are, but technically, this wedding threw open the doors to getting to know and interact with every interesting person in the family. This also was the most sensible South Indian Sangeet party I'd seen - there were performances for an hour by cousins of both Arvind & Aditi, 2 hours of open dance floor for everyone to scream, try and fail at gymnastics (I'm looking at you, Ram), immediately followed by dinner, and people scrambling to their rooms by 9:30 pm, to get good sleep for the early morning Muhurtham.


Rebecca Wingard-Nelson simply explains fraction and decimal skills, such as adding mixed numbers, rewriting fractions, estimating decimals, and more. Readers will learn about equivalent fractions and estimating fractions, as well as comparing and rounding decimals.
"Learn the basic fundamentals of adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing using fractions and decimals"--Provided by publisher.


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Charitable Foundation "Vesna!" took part in the Kurazh Market.
We are glad to inform you that the Charitable Foundation "Vesna!" took part in the Kurazh Market.
Autism interferes with a happy life
A terrible diagnosis - autism - interferes with the healthy and happy life of a little boy from Stryy. He urgently needs a rehabilitation course.
Enterprise "Korostyshiv Center for Social, Labor and Vocational Rehabilitation of the Disabled People""
Do you think charity is something difficult and inaccessible? Do you have a prejudice that charity is only for millionaires?
Military Run UA 2021
On October 10, 2021, the First Military Run UA took place in Kyiv!
All-Ukrainian Bicycle Day in Verkhovyna May 29, 2021. A holiday for active people
On May 29, 2021, the All-Ukrainian Bicycle Day will take place in Verkhovyna.
The winners of the Charitable Ukraine National Competition are being determined
Friends, for your attention: the laureates of the National Charitable Ukraine Competition are currently being determined.
Another dream of Bohdan has come true thanks to your support
Bohdan Holova dreamed of a touch laptop. And thanks to your support, this dream of our "Special Stork" has come true.
Assistance to a young poet Bohdan Holova. Let's make Bohdan happier!
Dear friends! As part of the activities of the charitable fund "Vesna!" we supported the publishing house of a collection of poems by Bohdan Holova (a boy from the town of Korostyshiv), who has a severe form of cerebral palsy, but is an excellent poet and has written more than 100 poems.
Merry Christmas and Happy New Year dear friends!
The team of Vesna! Charitable Fund sincerely congratulates everyone on the holidays.
December 3 - International Day of Persons with Disabilities
Today, December 3, Ukraine and the world celebrate the International Day of Persons with Disabilities. This day is designed to raise issues of equality, justice and is a reminder of the importance of supporting people with special needs, their social integration, rights and needs that must be provided in every state, every community.
Charitable organization
"Charitable Fund "Vesna!"
Copyright © 2023 Charitable organization "Charitable Fund "Vesna!". All Rights Reserved.


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HomeColumnsEC RewindThe first ODI on Scottish soil
ColumnsEC Rewind
The first ODI on Scottish soil
In a landmark moment for Scotland cricket, the third-place playoff of the 1997 ICC Trophy in Malaysia saw them beat Ireland by 51 runs on the D/L method, which gave them a spot at the 1999 World Cup and hosting rights.
By Rustom Deboo
The third-place playoff of the 1997 ICC Trophy (as the World Cup Qualifier was then known) in Malaysia saw Scotland beat Ireland by 51 runs on the D/L method, which gave them a spot at the 1999 World Cup. They duly made their ODI debut at the World Cup, losing to Australia by seven wickets at Worcester. Their home turf of The Grange in Edinburgh hosted two of their remaining four Group B fixtures.
The first of these was against Bangladesh, winners of the ICC Trophy, on May 24. Three days earlier, Scotland had given a good account of themselves against Pakistan at Chester-le-Street – they had reduced the opposition at 92/5 before eventually losing by 94 runs in a chase of 262. Having lost their first two games, each of the teams came into this match looking for a maiden win at the World Cup.
This was only the second time that two Associate sides were clashing in a World Cup match. As was the case in the ICC Trophy semifinal (in which Bangladesh had prevailed by 72 runs), Scottish captain George Salmond elected to field after calling correctly. A crowd of around 4,200 and blustery conditions greeted the Bangladeshi batsmen, who soon capitulated against the pace duo of John Blain and Asim Butt.
The procession began in the third over with six runs on the board, when a short one from Blain induced a catch by Iain Philip at first slip, removing Khaled Mashud for a duck. Six runs later, Mashud's fellow opener Mehrab Hossain fell to the left-armed Butt, due to a running catch by Nick Dyer. Soon after, skipper Aminul Islam was out leg-before to Blain without opening his account, leaving the score at 13/3.
The experienced Akram Khan was also dismissed for a duck, caught by Philip off Butt. When Blain (4/37) castled Faruk Ahmed in the 11th over, the Tigers had crumbled to a disastrous 26/5, and were in dire need of a substantial partnership . It was left to number six Minhajul Abedin – who was dropped by Philip at first slip when on three – to steer the ship, and he found a willing ally in Naimur Rahman.
The duo put on a vital 69 for the sixth wicket, before Naimur (36) was accounted for by James Brinkley. Khaled Mahmud perished to the off-spin of Dyer in the following over, registering the fourth duck of the innings. The score was now 96/7, but Minhajul carried on resolutely with support from the tail. He finished with a pivotal 68* in 116 balls with six fours, helping Bangladesh reach a fighting 185/9.
The innings included 44 extras, with 28 of them being wides, and the slow over rate meant that Scotland had an over curtailed. The hosts endured a poor start as well, what with Hasibul Hossain trapping Bruce Patterson on the pads for nought off the second ball. Hasibul also added the scalp of Mike Smith, caught behind by Mashud, while left-armer Manjural Islam got the better of Philip to make the score 8/3.
Salmond walked in at this critical juncture, but was fourth out at 37 to give Manjural his second wicket. Minhajul's off-spin added to Scotland's woes, as it got rid of Ian Stanger to send the score nosediving to 49/5 in the 17th over. All-rounder Gavin Hamilton, batting at number six and fresh from an impressive 76 against Pakistan, revived the crowd's hopes with another encouraging performance.
The left-handed Hamilton was joined by wicketkeeper Alec Davies at 83/6, and the pair added 55 in 15 overs. Frustratingly for Scotland, it was a run-out that broke the stand, as Hamilton, who would go on to make his Test debut for England later in the year, fell short at the non-striker's end after having hit 63 from 71 balls with four fours and a six. The equation at this stage was 48 in 45 balls with three wickets left.
Davies kept Scotland in the hunt until he became Mahmud's second victim, eighth out at 158 for a gutsy 32. The last three overs began with 24 runs needed, but Bangladesh grabbed the remaining two wickets off the first two balls of the 47th over. Another run-out, that of Blain, was followed by Butt getting caught by Aminul off left-arm spinner Enamul Haque, handing the Tigers a hard-fought 22-run win.
Minhajul was aptly named as the Man of the Match. Bangladesh lost their next match against Australia by seven wickets, but ended their campaign on a high with a stunning 62-run win over Pakistan. Scotland's second home outing was their final fixture against New Zealand, in which they could only muster 121 en route to a six-wicket defeat. Four days earlier, they were bowled out for 68 by the West Indies.
Scotland's next home ODI after this tournament was only in 2006, when they again gave a scare to Pakistan – chasing 204, the visitors wobbled to 94/5 before winning by five wickets. Later in the same season, they notched their first ODI win, beating the Netherlands by four wickets in a European Cricket Championship match at the Cambusdoon New Ground in Ayr. They are yet to win a match at the World Cup.
Keep up with Scotland Cricket news and events happening in the emerging game through our Facebook and Twitter pages.
Check out the rest of our EC Rewind series!
Previous articleA postcard for cricket: The Bermuda Cup Match
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Rustom Deboo
Rustom Deboo is a cricket aficionado and freelance writer from India. He is a staunch supporter of Associate cricket, and has an insatiable hunger for the history, snippets and statistics surrounding the game. He blogs at the Cricket Cauldron, and is also a contributor to various other websites.
Scotland announces squad for Commonwealth Games Qualifier


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Q: Unity GameOject .SetActive(false) when clicked or touched I wish to detect if a GameObject is touched or clicked and deactivate it. I have followed a Youtube tutorial but cant get it to work.
I get the error Cannot convert from UnityEngine.Ray to UnityEngine.Vector2
I have the script attached to the object.
public class Hand : MonoBehaviour {
    void Update() {
        Ray ray = Camera.main.ScreenPointToRay(Input.mousePosition);
        RaycastHit2D hit2D;

        if (Input.GetMouseButtonDown(0)) {
            if (Physics2D.Raycast(ray, out hit2D)) {
                transform.gameObject.SetActive(false);
            }
        }
    }
}

A: You are doing it wrong.
When a click is detected you are disabling the object. Unity has a very handy way of dealing with this problem. Here is the code for it:
private void OnMouseDown()
{
    if (Input.GetMouseButtonDown(0))
    {
        this.SetActive(false);
    }
}

A: Physics2D.Raycast has no version with Ray parameters; and is not really intended to work with the Z axis, which a camera-to-world cast needs, either.
Use OnMouseDown() instead. If on the clicked object itself, as transform.gameObject.SetActive(false); indicates to be the case, no further action is needed.
If for an external object, you can get the mouse world position with var worldMousePoint
 = (Vector2)Camera.main.ScreenPointWorldPoint(Input.mousePosition);, and then check for overlap on a target Collider2D with worldMousePoint == targetCollider2D.ClosestPoint(worldMousePoint).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Brenda Hart's 2018 Canvas Enhancement Classes continue in October with Brenda being in the shop from Friday, October 19th through Monday, the 22nd. Bring any canvas purchased from the Needle Nook and let Brenda take over. You will leave being inspired by maybe new stitches you haven't tried before, new threads you haven't worked with before, or just by picking up that canvas that needed something special to make it a statement.
When you take a Canvas Enhancement class with Brenda Hart you will come away with stitches and threads that are unique to your canvas and taste. Brenda not only takes the time to pull the threads, discuss them with you, but also will start stitching in the area to demonstrate while diagramming the pattern. While all levels of ability are welcome in Brenda's classes, they are more geared towards the intermediate and above stitcher. The price for Brenda's class is $100 daily and each class is limited in size.


Amazon.com strives to be Earth's most customer-centric company where people can find and discover virtually anything they want to buy online. By giving customers more of what they want - low prices, vast selection, and convenience - Amazon.com continues to grow and evolve as a world-class e-commerce platform. Founded by Jeff Bezos, the Amazon.com website started in 1995 as a place to buy books because of the unique customer experience the Web could offer book lovers. Bezos believed that only the Internet could offer customers the convenience of browsing a selection of millions of book titles in a single sitting. During the first 30 days of business, Amazon.com fulfilled orders for customers in 50 states and 45 countries - all shipped from his Seattle-area garage. Amazon's evolution from Web site to e-commerce partner to development platform is driven by the spirit of innovation that is part of the company's DNA. The world's brightest technology minds come to Amazon.com to research and develop technology that improves the lives of shoppers, sellers and developers around the world.
Brand Motion, LLC. offers factory-like integration solutions for rapidly evolving consumer devices. Consumers expect to be able to buy and install good-looking integration solutions for their personal devices in their current vehicles. Traditional OEM suppliers and technology providers need to look to new channels and new customers for growth. Three Key Audiences for Brand Motion, LLC are Companies who wish to offer innovative new device connectivity solutions to their market, Companies who wish to market device connectivity products directly to consumers, Consumers who are looking for better integration solutions than are typically available from the aftermarket.
Celebrating its 30th anniversary in 2004, Crutchfield Corporation is the nation's largest direct integrated marketer (catalog, call center, and Internet) of consumer electronics products. It offers a convenient, full-service shopping destination to buyers of car and home audio/video products. Crutchfield is noted for its product expertise, which is intended to help consumers make informed buying decisions, and for providing a superior level of customer service and lifetime technical support. Crutchfield was the first vendor-authorized audio/video retailer on the Internet, launching its website (www.crutchfield.com) in the summer of 1995.
Office Depot, Inc., founded in 1986, sells more office products to more customers in more countries than anyone else. Our distribution channels include stores, direct mail, contract delivery, the Internet and business-to-business electronic commerce. Viking Office Products, our wholly owned subsidiary, currently operates one of the industry's leading direct mail marketers of office products worldwide.
RadioShack (formerly Tandy) is sticking with the shack. Through more than 5,100 company-owned and nearly 2,000 franchised RadioShack stores, the company is one of the leading US electronics retailers. The stores sell audio and video equipment, wireless and conventional telephones, computers, toys, batteries, and accessories. The chain has been adding "store-within-a-store" units featuring products such as computers (Compaq and HP), wireless products and services (Sprint and Verizon), and satellite radio and television services (DISH Network, Sirius).
The SafeKey System is a unique ignition key immobilizer that prevents a vehicle engine from starting if the driver is unfit to drive safely. It is fully independent of other driver analysis methods – breath or otherwise. It analyzes the only thing that counts: how quickly a driver can react to a stimulus – braking, swerving, and the like. SafeKey™ Corporation was created by a group of professionals interested in finding ways to reduce the number of impaired drivers traveling the nation's roads. With this in mind, SafeKey focused on creating a device that moved beyond a chemical analysis to one that measured a person's reaction time to random and ever-changing stimulus; similar to what's required to safely operate a vehicle. For more information visit www.safekeycorporation.com.
The #2 US warehouse club chain (behind Costco). A division of Wal-Mart Stores, SAM'S CLUB accounts for nearly 15% of Wal-Mart's sales. SAM'S CLUB runs nearly 540 "no frills" stores in 48 US states, plus another 75 or so stores in Brazil, Canada, China, Mexico, and Puerto Rico. The chain's 46 million-plus members -- many of them small-business owners -- pay an annual fee to shop there. The stores offer more than 4,000 discounted items, including bulk office supplies and foods, electronic goods, jewelry, clothes, insurance and travel services, and Member's Mark store-brand products.
Sears, Roebuck and Co. is a broadline retailer with significant service and credit businesses. In 2002, the company's revenue was more than $41 billion. The company offers its wide range of apparel, home and automotive products and services to families in the U.S. through Sears stores nationwide, including approximately 870 full-line stores. Sears also offers a variety of merchandise and services through its Web sites, sears.com and landsend.com, and a variety of specialty catalogs.
Sprint and Nextel have come together to form the most complete communications company in the world. By combining capabilities, the new Sprint will be able to provide more choice and flexibility to both individuals and businesses. From now on questions will be answered with a resounding "yes you can." And the new Sprint has the innovative technology and the power to do it.
Target stores are at the center of Target Corporation's retail empire. Formerly Dayton Hudson, Target Corporation operates about 1,550 stores in three formats: Target, a discount chain with more than 1,200 stores, including giant SuperTarget stores; 266 Mervyn's midrange department stores, found mainly in the west and south; and Marshall Field's upscale department stores in the upper Midwest. Target and its cousins, including SuperTarget and Target Greatland, account for nearly 85% of Target Corporation's sales and have carved out a niche by offering more upscale, fashion-forward merchandise than rivals Wal-Mart and Kmart. Target Corporation also owns apparel supplier The Associated Merchandising Corp.
The company Sam built has become the world's number one retailer. Diversification into grocery (Wal-Mart Supercenters and Neighborhood Markets), international operations and membership warehouse clubs (SAM'S CLUBS), has created greater opportunities for growth. But unlike some corporations whose financial growth does not translate into more jobs, Wal-Mart's phenomenal growth has been an engine for making jobs.


Shipping A Car To or From Mishawaka, IN | A-1 Auto Transport, Inc.
The Princess City, Mishawaka is located in Penn Township in St. Joseph County. The city traces its history to the 1930s with the discovery of bog iron. At the turn of the century, car manufacturing company, American Simplex (Amplex) settled here although it closed-down after nine years. Then, the creator of Hummer vehicles, AM General built a plant in the city in the 1990. As of 2010 census, the number of people who count themselves as residents of Mishawaka reached 48,252.
If you found yourself going to Mishawaka for any length of time. However, the long drive intimidates you then it is best to ship your car with a licensed auto transport company. What these contractors do is to load your car on an open trailer or enclosed van and deliver it from Point A to Point B. The prices will depend on the weight and size of the car. For instance, you are going to pay more for your truck than somebody who is shipping his compact sedan. The average payment that customers pay is between $800- $2,000 to ship their car across the country.
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An agreement of cooperation among technical committees for the standardisation of LNG equipment and technology has been signed at the 8th St. Petersburg International Gas Forum.
The cooperation is aimed at implementing the emerging state-run program for standardisation of developing technologies and equipment in oil refining, petrochemistry and natural gas processing and liquefaction.
The joint efforts of the seven technical committees will contribute to the development of progressive national and inter-state standards in the LNG production area. TC 23 'Oil and gas industry' will coordinate the process.


Technology is the backbone of our generation. With initiatives like Digital India, technology is seeping into every bit of our daily life. It has now become imperative for us to innovate, and use gadgets and devices that enable us to do things efficiently—irrespective of our geographical location or other demographics. Internet of Things or IoT is one such initiative which enables us to achieve this.
IoT is a network of physical objects—devices, vehicles, buildings and other things—made intelligent with software, sensors, electronics and network connectivity that allow these objects to accumulate and exchange data. IoT-enabled end devices sense events, relay them to computing entities in the network in near real time and enable them to take intelligent decisions. Usage of IoT is likely to disrupt the way many organizations do business today.
The IoT market is expected to grow to $566 billion, connecting 8.7 billion devices by 2020 across south-east Asia, and the Indian IoT market is set to grow to $15 billion by 2020 from the current $5.6 billion, as per a report by Nasscom. An estimated compound annual growth rate or CAGR of 40% indicates a rapid growth in this sector, which means that we may be able to remotely control and monitor every single device within our homes from our smartphones and wearables.
The focus of IoT is on infrastructure in the future which is expected to be entirely automation-ready, energy efficient, secure and enabling an advanced way of living. According to estimates by the McKinsey Global Institute, IoT will have a total economic impact of up to $11 trillion by 2025.
Since the adoption of IoT as a technology is still in the gestation phase in India, organizations are facing challenges on how to use the army of installed devices effectively. People with brilliant use cases in domains like healthcare, security and logistics need a way out, so that they can focus more on the use cases rather than the underlying infrastructure. This means that there is a key role to be played by IoT companies that are building the underlying platforms for these enterprises.
From a mindset perspective, IoT is still largely a technological discussion on raising questions such as, "How do we get this product connected?", rather than a business reasoning on "What value will connecting a device bring to us and our customers?" Companies are misusing their time and resources on the very first step in the IoT process and not paying enough attention to ways in which they can achieve long-term benefits.
More connected devices mean more data and hence a humongous need is arising to systemize and analyse this data. The data is collected with the best of intentions and in huge volume, but is often inadequately documented and arranged in the systems. It is not an easy task to gather data from different sources for further analysis.
Hence, there is inadequacy of proper tools to manage IoT data. But if companies cleanly organize their data, it enables them to extract the real business value from it.
It is believed that the challenge of sifting through IoT data can be overcome with prescriptive analytics. What makes prescriptive analytics a good partner for IoT is that it can translate collected data into simple plain language to the right person in real time. It collects data, finds relevant patterns and recommendations for improvements, and delivers the information to the required person at the right time in simple, understandable language, communicating key insights in near real time.
Prescriptive analytics will be a big game changer for companies focusing on the underlying platform rather than the use case itself.
Many unique markets are emerging due to the role IoT can play in making things possible beyond sensing data and transmitting it over an Internet connection.
Child wellness and security is an important yet unexplored need in society. It is one such market where companies are leveraging the full potential of IoT as a technology. Products and services in this area will have immense socioeconomic impact. Through connected devices, IoT has an important role to play in monitoring children's whereabouts, their health statistics, etc., thereby helping to reassure today's concerned parents that the kids are safe.
As far as IoT users are concerned, they should look beyond connectivity when thinking about IoT: they must understand its essence to inculcate it in their lifestyle and to appreciate the true power of it.
IoT is a thriving and expanding industry. Clubbed with artificial intelligence, IoT will be the next big thing.
Shilpa Mahna Bhatnagar is the CEO and Co-Founder of Evoxyz Technologies.


Premier League is one of the finest and most popular Football Leagues in the World. We bring to you Premier League Live Streaming. Watch Premier League Live for Free.
Premier League 2018/19 is scheduled to begin at 10th August 2018 and will end on 12 May 2019. Premier League 2018/19 will be the 27th season of the Premier League. Fixtures for Premier League 2018/19 were announced on 14th June 2018.
Manchester City will be the defending champions. Wolverhampton Wanderers, Fulham and Cardiff City were promoted to Premier League and West Bromwich Albion, Stroke City and Swansea City were Relegated to 2018-19 EFL Championship.
We had to face a bad news in the start of the season with the death of Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha, the owner of Leicester City, in a helicopter crash.
Last Season Manchester City, Manchester United, Tottenham Hotspur and Liverpool were qualified to UEFA Champions League. Arsenal and Chelsea were not able to qualify to UEFA Champions League. However Chelsea and Arsenal have made some changes in their managerial staff and looks quite ferocious this season. We might see them in UEFA Champions League.
We have great teams in Premier League this time. Teams like Liverpool, Manchester United, Manchester City, Tottenham Hostpur, Arsenal and Chelsea. These are the top 6 teams in Premier League. Liverpool was founded in 1892. Liverpool has 8 League Cups, 7 FA Cups, 5 European Cups and 3 UEFA Cups. They were 4th last season.
Manchester City is perhaps the strongest team in Premier League right now. They have won 4 First Division / Premier League Titles, 5 FA Cups, 3 League Cups and one Cup Winners'Cup. Manchester City is regarded as one of the most successful teams right now. They have also become the strongest team in Premier League.
Perhaps the most successful team of all times would be Manchester United. It has been the most prestigious football club and had consistent success. The red devils have won 20 Fist Division / Premier League Titles, 12 FA Cups, 5 League Cups, 3 Champions League. However Manchester United has been weakened now and the current team does not do justice to the team fame.
Another great team is Arsenal FC. The club created in 1886 has been one of the most beloved clubs ever. Arsenal owns 27 major domestic trophies! They have 13 Premier League titles, 10 FA Cups, 2 League Cups and 1 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup.
Tottenham Hotspurs is one of the greatest teams of Premier League as well. They were once known as the cup specialists. They won the first UEFA Cup ever organised and were the first British team to win a European trophy. They have won 2 Premier League titles, 8 FA Cups, 4 League Cups, 1 UEFA Cup Winners'Cup and 2 UEFA Cup.
Last but not the least, Chelsea is also among the top teams. They were the most consistent team ever. They have won 5 Premier League Titles, 7 FA Cups, 4 Football League Cup, 1 Champions League Cup, 2 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and 1 UEFA Europe League.
Nonetheless, Manchester City is the favourite to win this Premier League.
Tottenham Hostpurs owns the biggest stadium with a capacity of 90,000 and their stadium is located in London. The second largest Stadium is of Manchester United located at Greater Manchester with a stadium capacity of 74,879.
Unai Emery from Spain is the manager and Laurent Koscielny from France is the captain of Arsenal. Jürgen Klopp is the manager and Jordan Henderson is the captain from Liverpool. For Chelsea, Maurizio Sarri and Gary Cahill are the manager and captain respectively. Pep Guardiola from spain is the manager for Manchester City and the captain is Vincent Kompany from Belgium. For Manchester United, Jose Mourinho from Portugal and Antonio Valencia from Ecuador is the manager and captain respectively. The rest of the captains and managers are as shown below.
The kit Manufacturers are mostly Puma, Umbro, Addidas, Under Armour, New Balance and Nike. Puma is the Kit manufacturer of Arsenal, Burnley, Crystal Palace and Newcastle United. Nike is the Kit Manufacturer of Brighton, Chelsea, Manchester City and the Spurs. Adidas of Cardiff City, Fulham, Leicester City, Manchester United, Watford and Wolves. Umbro is manufacturing the kits for Bournemouth, Everton, Huddersfield town and West Ham United. New Balance and Under Armour are manufacturing the kit for Liverpool and Southampton respectively.
Managers have also been changed. Arsenal replaced Arsene Wenger with Unai Emery. Everton replaced Sam Allardyce with Marco Silva. West Ham United also replaced David Moyes with Manuel Pellegrini and Chelsea replaced Antonio Conte with Maurizio Sarri.
Players Arsenal Signed are Stephen Lichtsteiner,Bernd Leno,Sokratis Papastathopoulos,Lucas Torreira and Matteo Guendouzi.
Players departuring from Arsenal are Takuma Asano,Santi Cazorla,Per Mertesacker,Jack Wilshere,Matt Macey,Chuba Akpom,Calum Chambers,Lucas Perez,Krystian Bielik,Joel Campbell,Stephy Malvididi,David Ospina andReiss Nelson.
Players Brighton signed are Florin Andone,Leon Balogun,Joseph Tomlinson,Jason Steele,Bernardo Fernandes da Silva Junior,Hugo Keto,David Button,Percy Tau,Yves Bissouma,Alireza Jahanbakhsh,Anders Dreyer,Billy Arce,Dan Burn,Peter Gwargis,Martin Montoya.
Players departuring from Brighton are Uwe Hunemeier,Jamie Murphy,Liam Rosenior,Steve Sidwell,Bailey Vose,Connor Goldson,obert Sanchez,Ben Hall,Henrik Bjordal,Christian Walton,Steven Alzate,Ales Mateju,Tyler Horby-Forbes,Rohan Ince,Niki Maenpaa,Tim Krul,Billy Arce,Dan Burn,Ollie Norwood,Tomer Hemed,Richie Towell.
Bournemouth signed in David Brooks,Diego Rico,Jefferson Lerma.
Players departuring Bournemouth are Ryan Allsop,Baily Cargill,Ollie Harfield,Sam Matthews,Patrick O'Flaherty,Joe Quigley,Rhoys Wiggins,Benik Afobe,Max Gradel,Adam Federici,Mikael Ndjoli,Lewis Grabban,Brad Smith,Emerson Hyndman,Harry Arter,att Worthington.
Cardiff City signed in Josh Murph,Greg Cunningham ,Alex Smithies,Bobby Reid,Victor Camarasa,Harry Arter.
Players departuring Cardiff City Matty Kennedy,Greg Halford,Ben Wilson,Lee Camp,Rhys Healey,Stuart O'Keefe.
Crystan Palace signed in Vicente Guaita,Cheikhou Kouyate,Max Meyer,Jordan Ayew.
Players departuring from Crystan Palace are Damien Delaney,Yohan Cabaye,Chung-young Lee,Diego Cavalieri,Bakary Sako,Ryan Inniss.
Everton signed in Richarlison,Lucas Digne,Joao Virginia,Bernard,Yerry Mina,Andre Gomes,Kurt Zouma.
Players which departed from Everton are Callum Dyson,Conor Grant,Jose Baxter,Wayne Rooney,Ramiro Funes Mori,Luke Garbutt,Henry Onyekuru,Joel Robles,Shani Tarashaj,David Henen,Davy Klaassen,Ashley Williams,Antonee Robinson,Callum Connolly,Nikola Vlasic,Cuco Martina,Joe Williams,Mo Besic,Yannick Bolasie,Sandro Ramirez,Matthew Pennington.
Burnley signed in Vinnie Steels,Ben Gibson,Joe Hart,Matej Vydra.
Players departed from Burnley are Tom Anderson,Scott Arfield,Josh Ginnelly,Chris Long,Dean Marney,Jimmy Dunne,Nahki Wells,onathan Walters.
Chelsea signed in Jorginho,Rob Green,Mateo Kovacic,Kepa.
Players departuring from Chelsea are Matej Delac,Trevor Chalobah,Reece James,Dujon Sterling,Nathan Baxter,Lewis Baker,Jake Clarke-Salter,Danilo Pantic,Jonathan Panzo,Eduardo,Kenedy,Jhoao Rodriguez,Jamal Blackman,Todd Kane,Mason Mount,Jamal Blackman,Jeremie Boga,Fikayo Tomori,Thibaut Courtois,Jay Dasilva,Michy Batshuayi,Kurt Zouma,Tiemoue Bakayoko,Ola Aina,Kenneth Omeruo,Tomas Kalas,Ike Ugbo,Izzy Brown,Brad Collins,Michael Hector,Tammy Abraham,Kylian Hazard,Charly Musonda.
Huddersfield signed in Ben Hamer,Terence Kongolo,Ramadan Sobhi,Juninho Bacuna,Jonas Lossl,Erik Durm ,Adama Diakhaby,Florent Hadergjonaj,Isaac Mbenza.
Players departuring from Huddersfield are Tom Ince,Jack Boyle,Denilson Carvalho,Dylan Cogill,Luca Colville,Robert Green,Cameron Taylor,Dean Whitehead ,Jack Payne,Tareiq Holmes-Dennis,Sean Scannell,Joel Coleman,Scott Malone,Jordan Williams,Michael Hefele ,Lewis O'Brien.
Leicester City signed in Ricardo Pereira,Jonny Evans,James Maddison,Danny Ward,Rachid Ghezzal,Filip Benkovic,Caglar Soyuncu.
Players departuring from Leicester City are Robert Huth,Elliott Moore,Connor Wood,Riyad Mahrez,Harvey Barnes,Ben Hamer,Ahmed Musa,George Thomas ,Leonardo Ulloa,Islam Slimani,Filip Benkovic.
Fulham signed in Jean Michael Seri,Maxime Le Marchand,Fabri,Andre Schurrle,Aleksandar Mitrovic,Alfie Mawson,Calum Chambers,Sergio Rico,Joe Bryan,Luciano Vietto,Timothy Fosu-Mensah,Andre-Frank Zambo Anguissa.
Players departuring from Fulham are Stephen Humphrys,Elijah Adebayo ,David Button,George Williams,Ryan Fredericks,Tayo Edun,Magnus Norman,Cauley Woodrow,Rui Fonte.
Liverpool signed in Fabinho,Naby Keita,Xherdan Shaqiri,Alisson.
Players departuring from Liverpool are Yan Dhanda ,Ovie EjariamEmre Can,Jon Flanagan,Danny Ward,Jordan Williams,Harry Wilson,Ryan Kent,Adam Bogdan,Allan Rodrigues de Souza,Ben Woodburn,Danny Ings,Ragnar Klavan,Marko Grujic,Connor Randall ,Loris Karius,Sheyi Ojo,Corey Whelan.
Manchester City signed in Riyad Mahrez,Philippe Sandler,Claudio Gomes,Daniel Arzani.
Players departuring from Manchester City Pablo Maffeo,Yaya Toure,Will Patching,Angelino ,Ashley Smith-Brown,Isaac Buckley-Ricketts ,Angus Gunn ,Olarenwaju,Erik Palmer-Brown,Pablo Mari,Max Diskerud,Anthony Caceres,Tosin Adarabioyo,Joe Hart ,Thomas Agyepong,Lukas Nmecha,Patrick Roberts,Daniel Arzani,Jason Denayer ,Douglas Luiz.
Newcastle United signed in Martin Dubravka,Ki Sung-yueng,Kenedy,Fabian Schar,Yoshinori Muto,Salomon Rondon,Federico Fernandez.
Players departuring from Newcastle United are Curtis Good,Massadio Haidara,Mikel Merino,Chancel Mbemba,Stuart Findlay,Massadio Haidara,Jack Colback,Jesus Gamez,Aleksandar Mitrovic,Dwight Gayle,Adam Armstrong,Henri Saivet,Daniel Barlaser,Luke Charman,Rolando Aarons.
Southampton signed in Stuart Armstong,Mohamed Elyounoussi,Angus Gunn,Jannik Vestergaard,Danny Ings.
Players departuring from Southampton are Olufela Olomola,Jeremy Pied,Will Wood,Richard Bakary,Dusan Tadic,Guido Carrillo,Ryan Seager,Sofiane Boufal ,Stuart Taylor,Florin Gardos ,Jordy Clasie,Josh Sims,Harrison Reed,Sam McQueen,Jake Flannigan.
Players departuring from Tottenham are Keanan Bennetts,Anton Walkes,Cameron Carter-Vickers,Marcus Edwards,Josh Onomah,Connor Ogilvie.
Watford signed in Gerard Deulofeu,Marc Navarro,Ben Wilmot ,Adam Masina ,Ken Sema,Ben Foster,Domingos Quina.
Players departuring from Watford are Richarlison,Brandon Mason,Costel Pantilimon,Mauro Zarate,Nordin Amrabat,Dodi Lukebakio,Tommie Hoban ,Harvey Bradbury,Daniel Bachmann,Alex Jakubiak,Obbi Oulare,Dimitri Foulquier.
West Ham signed in Ryan Fredericks,Issa Diop,Lukasz Fabianski,Jack Wilshere ,Andriy Yarmolenko ,Fabian Balbuena ,Felipe Anderson ,Xande Silva,Lucas Perez,Carlos Sanchez.
Players departuring from West Ham are James Collins,Patrice Evra,Ben Wells,Reece Burke,Cheikhou Kouyate,Jordan Hugill,Sam Byram,Josh Cullen.
West Ham signed in Benik Afobe ,Willy Boly, Raul Jimenez, Rui Patricio, Leo Bonatini, Ruben Vinagre, Diogo Jota, Joao Moutinho, Jonny, Adama Traore, Leander Dendoncker.
Players departuring from West Ham are Jordan Allan, Dan Armstrong , Anthony Breslin, Nicu Carnat , Ross Finnie, Jon Flatt , Christian Herc, Conor Levingston, Tomas Nogueira, Hakeem Odoffin-, Adam Osbourne, Ryan Rainey, Jose Xavier, Harry Burgoyne Ben Marshall, Jon Flatt, Aaron Collins, Roderick Miranda, Duckens Nazon, Rada Mir, Benik Afobe, Prince Oniangue, Leo Bonatini, Barry Douglas, Jordan Graham, Connor Johnson, Connor Ronan, Danny Batth, Joe Mason, Dan McKenna, Michal Zyro, Phil Ofosu-Ayeh, Paul Gladon.


Thought I'd share that Zulily has a Disney Magic Kingdom sale going on, and the items ship before Christmas! Also, a matching dress collection for girls and 18-inch dolls (like American Girl), Yankee Candle Christmas candles and more! Fun shopping today! Go here to check it all out.


ATTENTION: The internet streams listed on this page will be retired as of September 16th, 2013. Please go to krcc.org/stream-krcc and connect to our new streams.
KRCC broadcasts three different streams, one for each channel of content. The main channel that you hear on the radio is called HD1, the other channels are called HD2 and HD3.
Note: Our streaming options and URLs have changed.


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Types of Connection, Normally circuits exceeding two components have two primary kinds of connections: series and parallel. A series circuit is frequently a circuit by which components are attached along just one path, therefore the current flows through one part to reach the next one. In a series circuit, voltages add around for all those elements connected within the circuit, and currents will be the same through all elements. In a parallel circuit, each device is directly connected to the power source, so every device receives exactly the identical voltage. The current in a very parallel circuit flows across each parallel branch also re-combines when the branches meet again.
Tips to Draw Good-looking Wiring Diagrams, A good wiring diagram has to be correct and clear to see. Be careful of all of the info. By way of example, the diagram should show the best direction in the negative and positive terminals of every component. Use the correct symbols. Learn the significance in the basic circuit symbols and assess the best ones to work with. A few of the symbols have close look. You have to find a means to tell the gaps before employing them. Draw connecting cables as direct lines. Use a dot to tip line intersection, or utilize line jumps to signify cross lines which aren't connected. Label components including resistors and capacitors making use of their own values. Make certain that the text placement appears clean. In general it is great to put the positive (+) supply to the top, and also the negative (-) supply at the bottom, in addition to the logical stream from left to right. Attempt to tidy up the positioning reducing wire crossings.


text:
The Free Library > Humanities > Philosophy and religion > Analysis and Metaphysics > January 1, 2016
The Free Library > Date > 2016 > January > 1 > Analysis and Metaphysics
Biopolitical economies of debt.
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Introduction: Nietzsche on the Morality of Debt
Have these genealogists of morality up to now allowed themselves to dream, even remotely, that, for instance, that major moral principle "guilt" [Schuld] derived its origin from the very materialistic idea "debt" [Schulden]? Or that punishment developed as a repayment, completely without reference to any assumption about freedom or lack of freedom of the will?...
Where did this primitive, deeply rooted, and perhaps by now ineradicable idea derive its power, the idea of an equivalence between punishment and pain? I have already given away the answer: in the contractual relationship between creditor and debtor, which is, in general, as ancient as the idea of "legal subject" and which, for its part, refers back to the basic forms of buying, selling, bartering, trading, and exchanging goods.
--Friedrich Nietzsche, Genealogy of Morals
In the second essay (sections 1-7) of the Genealogy of Morals Nietzsche argues that the origin of the institution of punishment springs from the nature of the creditor/debtor relationship and constitutes the first morality based on the faculty of being able to make promises. (1) Thus, as he says "guilt" was derived from "debt" and "punishment" became "repayment" dating from the "legal subject" of the ancient world. Paying back is the essence of the trust that inspires and underwrites the contract and the pledge to the creditor is for something over and above the debt in the event that he does not pay which may be disproportionate to the debt and its compound nature, "something else over which he still exercises power, for example, his body or his woman or his freedom or even his life" (ibid.), as Nietzsche makes clear in the following passage:
That means that the creditor could inflict all kinds of ignominy
and torture on the body of the debtor, for instance, slice off the
body as much as seemed appropriate for the size of the debt:--and
this point of view early on and everywhere gave rise to precise,
sometimes horrific estimates going into the smallest detail,
legally established estimates about individual limbs and body parts
(ibid.).
The pleasure of creditor that can demand all sorts of conditions and ultimately takes what (s)he pleases even as a kind of enjoyment of violation of the indebted. The moral concept of obligation, along with guilt, conscience and duty has its beginning in this contractual relationship, marked with blood and torture. Again as Nietzsche puts it: "to what extent can suffering be a compensation for 'debts'? To the extent that making someone suffer provides the highest degree of pleasure, to the extent that the person hurt by the debt, in exchange for the injury as well as for the distress caused by the injury, got an extraordinary offsetting pleasure."
The issue and morality of debt has come to the fore in a range of disciplines - anthropology, economics, philosophy, finance--as the basis for an investigation into the phenomenon of the "debt economy" and new configurations of "debt capitalism" as an expression of a host of related terms that signal the shift to finance culture: globalization, financialization, neoliberalism and finance capitalism itself. In this shift to debt as a way of life Nietzsche has a new found relevance especially in understanding what Balibar (2014) calls new "modalities of subjectivation" associated with a "general economy (and society) of debt," that is, debt as an instrument or mechanism for the government of subjectivity that works at the margins of money, power, economy and morality.
The Sovereign Debt Crisis
The sovereign debt crisis of Greece (and of a series of sovereign states including Ireland, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Cyprus) more broadly points to the ongoing effects of the global financial crisis but also to fiscal problems within the Eurozone that effectively creates a split between the strong creditworthy northern economies and the weaker ones of the Mediterranean where the debt ratio exceeds ninety percent. Philip R. Lane (2012) identifies some deficiencies of the Euro union design including switching off the facility for national devaluations and also the fact that the design did not include reforms for banking and fiscal union. During the crisis these design "failures" or limitations exacerbated the free rider problems to bail out countries that had borrowed excessively despite established limits on budget deficits set at three per cent of GDP and a debt ration of 60 per cent (p. 49).
Shambaugh (2012) suggests that the Eurozone "face[s] three interlocked crises that challenge the viability of the currency union;" a banking crisis with banks heavily undercapitalized; a sovereign debt crisis with fiscally weaker countries facing rising bond yields, and; a growth crisis with structural economic problems. The very countries that are the least competitive face the highest levels of sovereign, household and corporate debt a feature that exacerbates the interconnectedness of the crises (Blundell-Wignall, 2012). The situation of Greece demonstrates exactly this triple crisis and the difficulty of successive "bail-outs" that tend to use disproportionate funds to service existing levels of government debt (where the debt ration to GDP is in excess of 180%) rather than creating growth or jobs. Current "bail-out" conditions driven by Germany tend to emphasize greater austerity through cuts to welfare and higher taxation.
There has been much political and economic comment about the nature of the Greek sovereign debt crisis and recognition of the "punishment" being meted out, driven by Germany Angela Merkel. Robert Kuttner (2013), author of Debtors ' Prison: The Politics of Austerity versus Possibility, in a piece called "The German Menace" for the Huffington Post, remarks in Nietzschean terms on the forgiveness of debt and reparations for Germany that later took place under the Marshall Plan. After economic reconstruction and later reunification German became the dominant economic power and forgetting Versailles its ethos of avoiding debt became part of the European constitution with Greece as its immediate victim--"the euro is now a ball and chain." (2) Others such as Jeffrey Sachs and Jakob von Uexkull have been highly critical of the European response. Sachs suggests "the policy response by Greece's partners, led by Germany, has been unwise and highly unprofessional. Their approach has been to extend new loans so that Greece can service its existing debts, without restoring Greece's banking system or promoting its export competitiveness." (3) Uexkull documents the German led monetarist-neoliberal drive within the Eurozone to insist and inflict austerity policies forgoing the possibility of wider fiscal reform and imperiling "hope for a democratic, social and just Europe." (4)
Finance Capitalism and the Ecology of Debt: Lazzarato on Indebtedness
Yet the problems of Greece and the Eurozone are themselves only a reminder of even greater changes in the nature of capitalism that fall under the description of financialization. Reinhart et al. (2012) identified 26 cases of public debt since 1800 (where the ration of debt to GDP exceeded 90% for more than five years) to focus on the historically high levels of public indebtedness following the GFC and recession. The stabilization of the debt ratio is the pressing issue especially in view of slow growth and high debt burdens are not confined to public debt but extend to private debt, external debt (government and foreign) as well as actuarial debt that bedevil old age pension, medical care programs (p. 71), and increasing educational tuition. The sovereign debt crisis thus is only part of a greater debt burden that is also intimately connected with the banking crisis and problems of economic growth more generally. The ecology of public debt and its ascendancy really came into focus in the mid-2000s when Eurozone countries began to experience debt ratios of greater than 90% leading to concepts of unsustainability and structural debt impediments affecting the nature of all public programs as governments imposed austerity measures on social welfare and the public sector, sometimes as a condition for loan bail-outs. This transition to the debt economy for advanced economies has led to a focus on the analysis of debt including the magisterial Debt: The First 5,000 Years by David Graeber (2011) who writes:
All modern nation-states are built on deficit spending. Debt has
come to be the central issue of international politics. But nobody
seems to know exactly what it is, or how to think about it.... If
history shows anything, it is that there's no better way to justify
relations founded on violence, to make such relations seem moral,
than by reframing them in the language of debt--above all, because
it immediately makes it seem that it's the victim who's doing
something wrong (p. 6).
Graeber (2011) raises central questions not only about the history of debt and its myths but also more importantly about what a society and its conception of human beings might look like where bonds are based on what we owe each other. Of course, this analysis can only be extended to global political economy when the creditor/debtor relationship is brought into focus and the recent turnaround from debtor to creditor of the BRICs and some countries of the Global South is fully considered.
Maurizio Lazzarato is one of the few philosophers who have systematically addressed the social and political question of debt. He is the author of The Making of the Indebted Man (2012) and, more recently, Governing by Debt (2015). In both books he explores how debt is not simply an economic issue but rather a political issue of debt subjection disciplining populations, legitimating further austerity and even the suspension of democracy. In The Making of the Indebted Man, Lazzarato, following Nietzsche, examines the creditor-debtor relationship to show how debt involves a special type of power relation "that entails specific forms of production and control of subjectivity --a particular form of homo economicus, the 'indebted man"' (pp. 77-78). Lazzarato explores an understanding of debt as the basis for social life and provides a genealogy of debt and the debtor before tracing the ascendance of debt in neoliberalism. As he says in the "Foreword:"
The creditor-debtor relationship...intensifies mechanisms of
exploitation and domination at every level of society, for without
it no distinction exists between workers and the unemployed,
consumers and producers, working and non-working populations,
retirees and welfare recipients. Everyone is a 'debtor,'
accountable to and guilty before capital. Capital has become the
Great Creditor, the Universal Creditor (p. 7).
The creditor-debtor relationship involves "an ethico-political process of constructing a subjectivity endowed with a memory, a conscience, and a morality that forces him to be both accountable and guilty. Economic production and the production of subjectivity, labour and ethics, are indissoluble" (p. 49). As Yannis Stavrakakis (2013) notes in relation to the evolution of "debt society," exemplified by Greece as a symptom, under the neoliberal construction of debt as the basis of finance capitalism, we enter the era of "post-democracy." Debt takes priority over exchange in coming to understand finance capitalism and the neoliberal debt economy is based and operates through the moral production of indebted subjects. Neoliberalism is the most efficient control mechanism that through debt captures resistance on the part of workers and students.
The financial crisis, which has turned into a crisis of sovereign
debts, imposes new modes of governmentality and new figures of the
subject both on the side of the governing ('technical government')
and on that of the governed (the indebted who expiates his own
guilt through tax). The novelties of the figures of these subjects
are a manifestation of the true nature of governmental techniques
and the relation liberalism establishes with capital, one that is
better and deeper than previously identified in the period of the
birth of neoliberalism.
http://www.generation-online.Org/p/fp_lazzarato7.htm
In an interview with Mathieu Charbonneau and Magnus Paulsen Hansen (2014), "Debt, Neoliberalism and Crisis: Interview with Maurizio Lazzarato on the Indebted Condition," Lazzarato explains:
While classical political economists were focusing on the exchange
relation and Marx placed emphasis on the productive relation
between capital and labour, Nietzsche offered another point of
view: the creditor-debtor relationship. Hence, my interest in the
Nietzschean approach can be explained by the obvious fact that this
relationship has become extremely important today. In reality,
since the inception of neoliberalism--way before the 2007-2008
subprime crisis--economy became fundamentally structured around the
issue of credit. (5)
He suggests: "the American university represents an archetype of the creditor-debtor society" where the majority of university graduates is indebted in a society where all social relations are structured in terms of credit relationships. The creditor-debtor relationship for Lazzarato is an anthropological universal that takes different historical forms, where the paradigm of the social rests firmly on the notion of credit. Under neoliberalism the biopolitical emphasis has shifted from social rights to social debts. As the discourse of rights gives way to debt it empowers governments to work in anti-democratic ways to secure the property rights and financial power of lending institutions at the expense of the public and literally to "buy-off" opposition and resistance, especially students and the young who go into debt earlier and never emerge from the circle of debt and self-investment that surrounds their existence.
Is Debt a Cultural Universal?
Debt as a cultural universal has received a great deal of discussion in anthropology. Gustav Peebles in "The Anthropology of Credit and Debt" surveying three decades of study remarks that it is almost a universal moral stand by commentators that credit is good while debt is bad; credit is power, debt is weakness. He comments that the old masters Mauss and Malinowski confirm credit and debt are a dyadic relation that leads to dominance and hierarchy although younger scholars are beginning to question this easy association in detailed ethnographies that study the way debt generates social ties. Keith Hart records the fact that since the 1980s younger anthropologists have flocked to do ethnographical work on finance culture, "less willing to inhabit one half of the divide between modern and traditional economies" and at the same time more ready to challenge the divisions between the local and the global. Summarizing several decades of anthropological research he remarks:
The work of three decades summarized here has broken the crystal
glass that protected the financial industry and the corporate world
from the gaze of anthropologists. If Laura Nader advised
anthropologists to "study up," her message has had some impact. By
analysing money practices in everyday life and the conceptual
frameworks of professionals, anthropologists have helped to
demystify a sector that organizes the lion's share of money today.
Unlike the standard models of maximizing agents, market efficiency
and optimal allocation of wealth, these professionals seem to be
just normal people, struggling for their careers, applying
procedures whose logic and politics they do not understand, in
networks of exchange whose real extent they will never know. Yet
these accounts say little about the broader context in which
regulatory, academic and journalistic discourses interact with the
finance industry. They say even less about how the latter has
arrived at its current position of dominance and why governments
collude with finance to undermine the protection of those who voted
for them. Fixing financial problems is obviously a global problem,
yet ethnographers of finance have no perspective on world history
that might allow them to draw lessons for the future. (6)
The anthropological and the ethnographic are useful and one of the few disciplines to provide a critical analysis of the finance industry and its culture. At the same time we need the analysis provided by radical political economy to challenge accepted frameworks and theories in order to understand that finance and finance culture represent a new stage or phase in the accumulation and distribution of capital that now serves as one of the fundamental three flows, along with trade and information, that circumscribes and defines the emergent global reality considered as parts of a single integrate system.
While many of the new forms of analysis tend to draw their starting lesson from Nietzsche to fathom the spiritual and ethical basis of finance culture in the debt/guilt couplet, some also argue for an economic analysis that absorbs cultural values such as in so-called "zombie theory" that utilizes the metaphor production of zombies in popular culture distinguishing zombies from vampires. Thus, for example Fred Bottling documents the "Attack of Zombie Debt" that records the return of long term uncollected bad debts that are not written off but return after they are sold as low rates to specialized collection agencies. He writes:
Zombie debt is another manifestation of an apparently contagious
association between finance and the walking dead. Like zombie
economics, zombie banks, and zombie capitalism, the phrase seems to
follow the logic of Ulrich Beck's 'zombie categories' of modernity,
in which old ideas, institutions, or practices persist
despite having little currency, relevance, or credibility. The
figure's return, however, also takes its generic bearings from a
longer-standing gothic political-economic lexicon that goes at
least as far back as Capital's images of industrial monstrosity and
dead labor feeding on living, working bodies (Marx 506, 342). At
the same time--and with the pop cultural nous of reflexive
political media--its sense of a shifting financial mood responds to
recent transformations in the political meanings of vampirism: the
exciting figure of a voracious consumerist euphoria of unlimited
desire (and credit) cedes to depressive stagnation and elegies for
neoliberal fiscal strategy.
The Educational Economy of Debt
Through this burgeoning literature on many disciplinary fronts I am lead to investigate what I call the "educational economy of debt." I focus on this aspect after coediting a recent collection with Joao Paraskeva and Tina Besley (2015) entitled The Global Financial Crisis and the Restructuring of Education where we advanced the following thesis:
The worldwide integration and globalization of finance, an aspect
of 'financialization,' coincided with the rise of market-oriented
neoliberalism promoting free trade and privatization strategies.
New Internet-based technologies have reinforced financial market
integration, creating a fragile, globally integrated financial
ecosystem that poses new systemic risks and contagion effects
characterized by excessive borrowing and ballooning debt, massive
asset bubbles, a huge shadow banking system, and financial
innovation leading to collateralized debt obligation and
securitization. Public education has been at the core of neoliberal
privatization strategies and financialization with the
trillion-dollar blowout of student loans. Education, once
considered a national and global public good tied to the creation
of knowledge and the basis of a just and democratic society, has
undergone a profound transformation and financial restructuring.
In an associated paper (Peters, Besley, Paraskeva 2015) we argue that "financialisation" is a term that describes an economic system or process that attempts to reduce all value that is exchanged (whether tangible, intangible, future, or present promises, etc.) either into a financial instrument or a derivative of a financial instrument. The original intent of financialization is to be able to reduce any work product or service to an exchangeable financial instrument. It is an aspect of increased symbolization, mathematization, and computerization of financial markets that are trends within knowledge capitalism. Neoliberalism is an expression of the power of finance that has gathered pace with the internationalization of capital and the globalization of markets.
Some scholars suggest that neoliberalism and globalization are themselves expressions of finance, closely tied to the development of derivatives markets and the evolution of an international financial system. They claim that the international rentiers have managed to significantly increase their share of national income on the basis of systematic fraud, corruption, and widespread criminalization of financial practices like insider trader and the systematic manipulation of the Libor exchange rate. The current financial crisis is a systemic crisis of the entire capitalistic system based on interconnected global financial markets. This is a fundamental shift that represents the financialization of the reproductive sphere of life itself. (7) Under this regime, the monopolization and privatization of knowledge and education has proceeded rapidly. One of the effects of financialization and the economic crisis has been to popularize a debate on budget cuts and "austerity politics" across the board for public services provided at the state level with massive cuts to education in all aspects, attacks on collective bargaining, and the sacking of thousands of teachers (Peters, Besley & Paraskeva, 2015).
We need to explore education in the age of financialization and the impact of the Global Financial Crisis on education as a public space that is being institutionalized as a debt culture. (8) This debt culture is comprised two sets of debtor/creditor relations: 1) that between the student and the creditor institutions, mostly banks but also state agencies, and; 2) the professor as a "knowledge worker" of the university and the student as "consumer" who pays fees and assesses the "performance" contract.
The subjectification of the student as a "legal subject" takes on the homo economicus characteristics. Nietzsche provides an account of debt subjection that points to subjectivity effects explored by some authors through Foucault's notion of biopolitics and the attendant concept of biopolitical economy.
Ali Riza Tackale, a doctoral student in Human Geography at the University of Sheffield, puts it very nicely when in his blog he talks of debt as a mode of capitalist governance:
Capitalism has complete control over life: it has 'biopolitical'
control. Hence Deleuze's above statement in his text on the
societies of control, where the regime of indebtedness is as much
about biopolitical control as it is an extension of capital.
In the primitive society, debt is charged through the primitive
inscription, or coding, on the body. Blood-revenge and cruelty
address a non-exchangist power. In the despotic society, all debts
become infinite debts to the divine ruler. In capitalism, all debts
finally break free from the sovereign and become infinite by
conjoining flows. With capitalism, debt is continuous and without
limit: student debt, credit card debt, mortgage debt, medical debt.
He remarks further on "Debt is a mode of governance, a future acting, restricting and curtailing human imagination" and applies his analysis to student loans:
As an exceptionally punishing kind, student debt, for instance,
produces desperate individuals who try to match their actions to
the laws of the market, rather than radically question their place
within society (ibid.). Student debt prevents individuals from
engaging in politics that makes them think creatively and
critically about society, and ask questions. As such, debt has a
profound disciplining effect on students, taylorizing their studies
and undermining the sociality and politicization that has
traditionally been one of the main benefits of college and
university life (Caffentzis, 2011: 32).
He details the way as a result of the debt economy that "students are forced to accept insecure, part-time, temporary, casual, intern, flexible, project-based, contingent and adjunct positions, and are thus becoming a source of cheap, instructional labour."
Other critics are on the verge of naming the biopolitical economies that exist in higher education. In "Biopolitical Economies in Higher Education Debt Formation: Financial Exploitation of Knowledge Production" Elijah Adiv Edelman and Jessica L Murgel (2013) comment that student loan debt in the US at over one trillion (actually 1.3 trillion and set to double within a couple of decades) exceeded all credit card debt in 2013 but unlike credit card debt must be repaid. (9) They refer to Claire Goldstone's (2012) "The Politics of Contingent Academic Labor" to refer to the growth of adjunct positions now comprising 68% of all faculty appointments that have all the expectations of normal academic faculty yet no job security or academic protections. What is more the microanalysis of the ration of student to adjunct cost-benefit reveals an iron fist market logic. They comment "if the cost of tuition is to correlate with the benefits of education, through which course work is the primary conduit, the value of class time is oddly both exquisitely high yet utterly worthless."
The ultimate logic of the biopolitics of student debt is to lease the future:
accessing higher education is a process that is creating dark
subject-categories of experience, through which the student can
situate their future as composed of leased time, potentially
forever indebted to the private lender. In accord with Foucauldian
logics of power, these lenders function to enable the creation of
subjectivities but also the limitations of that experience. Student
loans provide a dual function in enabling the ability to 'learn'
while simultaneously constraining one's future economic and
socio-political mobility.
Biopolitical economies of higher education are based on market logics that depend upon "increased exploitation of the physical, mental and affective labor of the instructor and the student" where student debt constructions also simultaneously depend upon the manipulation of hope associated with an outdated American dream ideological that offer promisory notes and promises that can never be redeemed. It is no wonder that student loan debt abolition has strong advocates who argue for greater fairness. (10) Jeffrey William (2006) talks of "The Pedagogy of Debt" where higher education becomes no more than a consumer service that conditions career choices and teaches a market worldview where "the state's role is to augment commerce" and the worth of a person is no longer tied to humanistic conceptions but measured by financial potential and the ability to take on, manage and pay back debt. College affordability and the student debt crisis in the US has become a major bipartisan topic on the campaign trail. (11)
The financialization of student debt and of higher education in general is part of a broader series of shifts that historically has its origins in the deregulation of the finance industry beginning in the 1970s and its consequences are being intensely felt only now in a crisis of student debt that highlight the biopolitical principles and the ethics of subjectivity that arise from economies of debt (Caffentzis, 2011). As the Federal government makes huge profits and student loan "delinquencies" rise the US risks criminializing a whole class of students, the brightness and the best, who become deeper and deeper in debt. The old liberal mantra that a college education is the only way to climb out of poverty is no longer true, if it ever was--now higher education as a rapidly growing and significant part of financialization has become a political means to control and manipulate students as their generation collectively pays for the American Dream.
The global lessons and applications for governments and markets are real and long-lasting: while neoliberal finance ideology is based on "unlimited freedom" as a condition of the historical possibilities for a free market economy, at the same time it demands that debt be infinite both for the individual and society and never repayable in full as an aspect of the "guilt" and "punishment" first identified by Nietzsche.
How to cite: Peters, Michael A. (2016), "Biopolitical Economies of Debt," Analysis and Metaphysics 15: 7-19.
Received 24 September 2015 * Received in revised form 11 November 2015 Accepted 11 November 2015 * Available online 19 November 2015
(1.) See http://records.viu.ca/~johnstoi/Nietzsche/genealogytofc.htm
(2.) See http://www.huffingtonpost.com/robert-kuttner/the-german-menace_b_7922376.html
(3.) See http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jeffrey-sachs/germany-greece-and-thefuture-of-europe_b_7886494.html
(4.) See http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jakob-von-uexkull/from-greek--to-eurocrisi_b_7926532.html
(5.) See https://www.academia.edu/5980223/Debt_neoliberalism_and_crisis_interview_with_Maurizio_Lazzarato_on_the_indebted_condition
(6.) See http://thememorybank.co.uk/2013/09/04/contemporary-research-on-theanthropology-of-money-and-finance/
(7.) See http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/8887-algorithmic-capitalism-andeducational-futures-informationalism-and-the-googlization-of-knowledge and http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/ 17536-the-crisis-of-finance-capitalism-and-theexhaustion-of-neoliberalism
(8.) See https://www.google.fr/search?q=education+in+the+age+of+financialization&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&channel=rcs&gws_rd=cr&ei=YsL3VZzqGov9aZPzrpAH
(9.) See http://www.scicornwall.com/2013/05/biopolitical-economies-in-higher.html
(10.) See Ron Lieber's "Student Debt and a Push for Fairness," at http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/05/your-money/student-loans/05money.html?_r=3. See also "The Student Loan Debt Abolition Movement in the US," at http://reallyopenuniversity.wordpress.com/2011/01/08/the-student-loan-debt-abolition-movement-in-the-u-s/, http://ourfuture.org/20150127/liberate-41-million-americans-from-student-loandebt, http://studentloanjustice.org/ and http://www.bankruptyourstudentloans.com/links/politics.htm.
(11.) For an analysis of rising costs of tuition in the US see http://debtandsociety. org/publication/borrowing_against_the_future/. See also the Debt and Society website at http://debtandsociety.org/
Balibar, E. (2014), "The Politics of Debt," http://criticaltheory.berkeley.edu/events /event/neoliberalism-and-biopolitics-working-group-politics-of-the-debt/. See various recordings at http://www.heathwoodpress.com/etienne-balibar-the-politicsof-debt/ and https://soundcloud.com/cirucberkeley/the-politics-of-the-debtetienne-balibar-12-10-14.
Blundell-Wignall, A. (2012), "Solving the Financial and Sovereign Debt Crisis in Europe," OECD Journal: Financial Market Trends 2, at http://www.oecd.org/ finance/fmancial-markets/49481502.pdf.
Botting, F. (2013), "Undead-Ends: Zombie Debt/Zombie Theory," Postmodern Culture 23(3): doi:10.1353/pmc.2013.0043.
Caffentzis, G. (2011), "The Student Loan Debt Abolition Movement in the United States," Reclamations Journal, 31-44, at http://www.reclamationsjournal.org/ issue_debt_george_caffentzis.htm
Dienst, R. (2011), The Bonds of Debt: Borrowing against the Common Good. London: Verso.
Edelman, E., and J. Murgel (2013), "Biopolitical Economies in Higher Education Debt Formation: Financial Exploitation of Knowledge Production," at https://www.academia.edu/9059009/Biopolitical_Economies_in_Higher_Education_Debt_Formation.
Graeber, D. (2011), Debt: The First 5,000 Years. New York: Melville House.
Hart, K., and H. Ortiz (2014), "The Anthropology of Money and Finance: Between Ethnography and World History," Annual Review of Anthropology 43: 465-482.
Hart, K. (2013), "Contemporary Research on the Anthropology of Money and Finance," at http://thememorybank.co.uk/2013/09/04/contemporary-research-onthe-anthropology-of-money-and-finance/.
Kuttner, R. (2013), "The German Menace," The Huffington Post, at http://www.hufhngtonpost.com/robert-kuttner/the-german-menace_b_7922376.html.
Kuttner, R. (2015), Debtors' Prison: The Politics of Austerity versus Possibility. New York: Vintage.
Lane, P. R. (2012), "The European Sovereign Debt Crisis," Journal of Economic Perspectives 26(3): 49-68.
Maurer, B. (2006), "The Anthropology of Money," Annual Review of Anthropology 35: 15-36.
Nietzsche, F. (orig. 1887), Genealogy of Morals, at http://records.viu.ca/~johnstoi/ Nietzsche/genealogytofc.htm
Peebles, G. (2010), "The Anthropology of Credit and Debt," Annual Review of Anthropology 39: 225-240.
Peters, M. A., J. Paraskeva, and T. Besley (eds.) (2015), The Global Financial Crisis and the Restructuring of Education. New York: Peter Lang.
Peters, M. A., T. Besley, and J. Paraskeva (2015), "The Global Financial Crisis and Educational Restructuring," Citizenship, Social and Economics Education 14(1): 15-18.
Reinhart, C. M., Reinhart, V., and Rogoff, K. (2012), "Public Debt Overhangs: Advanced-economy Episodes since 1800," Journal of Economic Perspectives 26(3): 69-86.
Shambaugh, J. C. (2012), "The Euro's Three Crises," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity Spring: 157-231.
Stavrakakis, Y. (2013), "Debt Society Greece and the Future of Post-democracy," Radical Philosophy 181: 33-38.
Taskale, A. R. (2012), "Debt as a Mode of Governance," at http://criticallegal thinking.com/2012/04/16/debt-as-a-mode-of-governance/.
William, J. (2006), "The Pedagogy of Debt," College Literature 33(4): 155-169, at http://josswinn.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/pedagogyofdebt.pdf.
A version of this paper was prepared for and delivered to the V Latin American Colloquium of Biopolitics, III International Colloquium of Biopolitics and Education, and XVII International Symposium IHU: Knowledge and practices in the constitution of the modern subject (Saberes e Praticas na Constituicao dos Sujeitos na Contemporaneidade), The University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos (Unisinos), as part of an initiative by the Instituto Humanitas Unisinos (IHU) along with the Education, Philosophy and Health graduate programs of Unisinos and Education graduate program of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), September 2124, 2015.
MICHAEL A. PETERS
mpeters@waikato.ac.nz University of Waikato; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
COPYRIGHT 2016 Addleton Academic Publishers
Peters, Michael A.
Analysis and Metaphysics
4EUGR
The political ontology of Rawls's work.
On the error of treating functions as objects.
Public debts


text:
'Someone will die from this' - Macleans.ca
'Someone will die from this'
Doctors confronted Health Minister Leona Aglukkaq in Hamilton yesterday.
O'Shea asked why the federal government hasn't met with the Canadian Doctors for Refugee Health Care, a national collective that formed this year in response to cuts to refugee benefits.
Kraeker later stood to tell a story about a local seven-year-old refugee seen in Hamilton's refugee health clinic, where both Kraeker and O'Shea see patients. The boy had an epileptic seizure because he couldn't get his medication, which would have cost less than a dollar a day, Kraeker said. He was rushed to the emergency room. "I don't think it's a stretch to say someone will die from this," O'Shea said.
The Spectator has more on the exchange between the doctors and Ms. Aglukkaq here.
Joanna Smith talked to some of the doctors involved in these protests here. Jason Kenney was also questioned by a doctor earlier this week in Leduc, Albeta.
Previous coverage of this issue and the protests around it here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here,here, here, here, here and here.
Leona Aglukkaq
If the government can't use a private member's bill to create a new law, the terrorists win
How Kenney, Mulcair and Trudeau took on Quebec's charter of values
Peter Kent's 30/30 experience
Kenney, Mulcair, Trudeau, Paille and May on Quebec's charter of values
Canadian government examined limiting refugees with health problems: documents


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Make your tiny tot the cutest little tiger cub around on this Tiger Tot Infant / Toddler Dress. This kids's item has been examined & passes CPSIA protection requirements.


Find and select Portable Document Format (PDF) in the Content Type column.
In the corresponding Action column select "Use Adobe Acrobat (in Firefox)."
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The Jefferson's brand name pays homage to the third President of the United States: Thomas Jefferson, instrumental in America's Independence in 1783 and the man credited with writing the Declaration of Independence. It seems appropriate that it was Jefferson himself who was at the heart of the Whiskey Rebellion in 1791, during which he repealed the tax on whiskey and turned Americans from rye to bourbon.
(Batch #1) Clear, mahogany amber with bright golden flecks.
Shouts tropical fruits with raspberry jam spread over toasted grain, with toffee nougat, salted butter and old tea chest oak.
Starts sweet and quickly turns dry. A splash of water prises open this superb bourbon to reveal breakfast tea tannins, smoky dry oak, warm cinnamon going into paprika spice, dry brazil nut, blackcurrant jam, dried apple and smooth buttery caramel.
Long, nutty, oaky, smoked paprika spiced finish.


The Center on Budget and Policies Priorities is a nonpartisan policy institute with expertise in federal and state budget and tax policy and many public programs, particularly those affecting the economic security, health, and well-being of low-income Americans. It informs policy debates through respected analysis that policymakers, journalists, other organizations, and the public rely upon. It develops policy options to support equitable growth, promote opportunity, and invest in effective programs. The center focuses on addressing budget and economic challenges in ways that are fiscally responsible and allow our nation to fulfill its commitments and respond to unmet needs, especially for disadvantaged populations.
The Center on Budget and Policies Priorities is a nonpartisan policy institute with expertise in federal and state budget and tax policy and many public programs, particularly those affecting the economic security, health, and well-being of low-income Americans. It informs policy debates through respected analysis that is relied upon by policymakers, journalists, other organizations, and the public. It develops policy options to support equitable growth, promote opportunity, and invest in effective programs. The center focuses on addressing budget and economic challenges in ways that are fiscally responsible and allow our nation to fulfill its commitments and respond to unmet needs, especially for disadvantaged populations.
The Global Initiative for Fiscal Transparency (GIFT) is a network working to improve fiscal transparency, citizen engagement, and accountability for the use of public funds. Led by the International Budget Partnership in collaboration with the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the governments of Brazil and the Philippines, GIFT develops norms and standards, identifies incentives to ensure compliance with these standards, and provides advice and technical assistance to governments that are applying the standards. In collaboration with the Open Government Partnership, GIFT is also co-leading a new working group focused on promoting greater fiscal openness in developing countries.


Electro-pop duo Sylvan Esso had already made it through about two-thirds of their South by Southwest set Friday night, when singer Amelia Meath dropped a bombshell.
Meath's bandmate, synth player Nick Sanborn, called Meath a "(expletive) champion." If you watched the pair's set at the M&Ms Sound & Color showcase, you'd be inclined to agree. A little pallor didn't keep Meath from glowing all night, throwing down her signature smoky vocals and crowd-riling arm waves. Meath put in a full-body performance — nothing goes with Sylvan Esso's EDM-for-grownups quite like an Alyssa Edwards/"Black Swan" moment. Sanborn, presumably not saddled with food poisoning, put in a full body, back-arching performance while plunking away at that synthesizer.
In a SXSW year short on star power, festival veterans Sylvan Esso packed in a massive crowd. An hour before they went on, admittance was reserved for platinum and music badges, and that line snaked quite a ways down Rainey Street. A cardboard sign posted on Lustre Pearl's fence said that the venue was at capacity, and people would only be let in on a one-in-one-out basis. Still, that did not stop people hungry for a bleep-bloop fix, and some fans watched the show from the alley behind the bar.
Those people wouldn't regret their Friday night choices, because a closing performance of "Radio" was a real barn-burner. Meath chewed into a particularly sexual line in the song involving the word "American" (you know the one, if you've ever sung along to it). By the time she got to the line "Do you got the moves," Meath went full banshee, growling and stirring up audience members in all states of bar occupation.
Would that we could all put on such a show after throwing up.
He defeated her in Shakey Graves' SXSW scavenger hunt. Then he took her to the private show he won.


text:
Home World Marie Fredriksson dies aged 61 after suffering from long illness
Marie Fredriksson
Marie Fredriksson the Swedish popstar died today at the age of 61.
Moreover, she died on Monday morning after suffering from long-term illness.
Marie Fredriksson the co-creator of Roxette
The popstar is known for co-creating the popular pop duo, Roxette as well as making a lot of singles herself.
Moreover, in her early life Fredriksson had a successful career in Sweden prior to forming the pop duo.
In addition, she released her first album, Het vind in 1984, then the second came out after two years in 1986.
Afterwards, she and Per Gessle, the Swedish song-writer formed the roxette pop duo.
Moreover, they made their international breakthrough with their hit, The Look as it become top ten upon release.
Besides, they continued their great and loved by everyone work with another top hit, Listen to Your Heart.
However, Fredriksson health went downhill after a marvelous career and doctors diagnosed her with brain tumor.
Therefore, she did a surgery to remove the tumor and started her chemotherapy for months afterwards.
This breakdown; however, led to the cancellation of the duo's appearances in "Night of the Proms."
The Fatal destiny of the Popular Swedish Star
Marie's family
The news undoubtedly shocked her family colossally and especially her husband and their two children.
Moreover, her family wrote in statement "Marie Fredriksson is most mourned by her husband Mikael Bolyos and their two children."
They also, said that they are in great mourn for losing the biggest and most loved artists is gone.
Therefore, they were in great pain losing their beloved family member because of her previous illness.
In addition, they said that they will bury Marie quietly with only the closest family present.
However, she left her husband with two children, 26-year-old daughter as well as a 23-year-old son.
Moreover, the two children Inez Josefin and Oscar showed a great mourn for their beloved mother.
Besides, her co-star Per wrote a tribute to her in a tweet earlier that showed his deep sorrow.
He said that "Time goes by so quickly."
In addition, he added "It's not that long ago we spent days+nights in my tiny apartment sharing impossible dreams."
Tags: Marie FredrikssonPer Gesslethe popular swedish popstarthe roxette pop duo


post-title Repton School Gap Year Fair Today!
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Si and Jon will be at Repton School in Derbyshire this evening for their annual Gap Year Fair. The event starts at 7:30pm and finishes at 9pm. Click here for directions to the school!
Do come along and say hello, ask questions about our projects or just for a chat about gap years, Africa or South America in general!