text:
\section{Introduction}

For any continuous map $p\colon L\to X$ let $p_*\colon L^I\to X^I$ be the induced map between the respective
spaces of continuous paths: $p_*\colon(\alpha\colon I\to L)\mapsto (p\circ \alpha\colon I\to X)$.

A map $p\colon L\to X$ is said to be a \emph{lifting projection} if the following diagram
$$\xymatrix{
L^I \ar[d]_{p_*} \ar[r]^{{\rm ev}_0} & L \ar[d]^p\\
X^I \ar[r]_{{\rm ev}_0} & X}
$$
is a pull-back in the category of topological spaces. In other words, there is a natural continuous one-to-one correspondence
between paths in $L$, and  pairs $(\alpha,l)$, where $\alpha$ is a path in $X$ and $l\in L$ with $p(l)=\alpha(0)$. In fact,
by \cite[Theorem 1.1]{Pavesic-Piccinini} a lifting projection $p\colon L\to X$ is automatically a Hurewicz fibration. Moreover,
given a path $\alpha\colon I\to X$ and a point $l\in L$, such that $p(l)=\alpha(0)$ there exists a unique path
$\widetilde \alpha\colon I\to L$, such that $\widetilde \alpha(0)=l$ and $p\circ\widetilde\alpha=\alpha$.
In particular, every covering projection $p\colon \widetilde X\to X$ is a lifting projection.

A \emph{lifting space} is a triple $(L,p,X)$ where
$p\colon L\to X$ is a lifting projection. As usual, $X$ is the \emph{base} and $L$ is the \emph{total space}
of the fibration, but we will occasionally abuse the terminology and refer to the space $L$
as a lifting space over $X$. For every $x\in X$ the preimage $p^{-1}(x)\subset L$ is the \emph{fibre} of $p$ over $x$.
If $X$ is path-connected, then all fibres are homeomorphic, so we can speak about \emph{the} fibre of $p$.

In his classical textbook on algebraic topology E. Spanier  \cite[Chapter II]{Spanier} develops most of the theory of covering spaces
within the general framework of lifting spaces (which he calls \emph{fibrations with unique path-lifting property}).
As we already mentioned, covering spaces are prime examples of lifting spaces. Conversely, if the base space $X$ is sufficiently ``nice''
(i.e. locally path-connected and semi-locally simply connected), then the
coverings over $X$ are exactly the lifting spaces over $X$ with a path-connected and locally path-connected total space
(\cite[Theorem 2.4.10]{Spanier}).
However, if we allow more general base spaces or total spaces that are connected but non necessarily path-connected, then a whole
new world arises.

Indeed, many authors have studied unusual and pathological examples of covering spaces and tried to buid a suitable general theory.
One should mention in particular Fox's theory of overlays \cite{Fox}, an interesting generalization of the concept of coverings by
Fischer and Zastrow \cite{F-Z}, and a theory of coverings specially geared toward locally path-connected spaces by Brodsky et al. \cite{BDLM}.
See also Dydak's short note \cite{Dydak note} that was written very much in the spirit of the present article. However, our approach is
different in that we do not attempt to simply extend the concept of a covering space to more general bases but rather we pursue the theory
of lifting spaces in the sense of Spanier. It includes covering spaces as a special case, but it has a richer structure even when the base
is very simple, like a circle or a cell-complex.

Surprisingly, it turns out that despite the generality, the theory of lifting spaces has many pleasant properties that are not shared
by covering spaces. Most notably, lifting spaces are preserved by arbitrary products,
compositions and inverse limits, which is not the case for covering spaces. While a general exposition on lifting spaces can
be found in \cite{Conner-Pavesic} and a classification of compact lifting spaces is in preparation, in this note we describe
some curious examples of lifting spaces that somehow defy classification and reveal interesting connections
with dynamical systems and profinite groups.

\section{Examples of lifting spaces}

As explained in the Introduction, in order to find lifting spaces that are not already covering spaces we must relax some
of the usual assumptions either about the base or about the total space. We will mostly work with very simple base spaces (the circle and
the figure eight-space) and concentrate on the intricacies of the topology of the total space. In particular, we will assume that
the total spaces are connected, but are not necessarily path-connected or locally path-connected. Only in our final example we will describe
an interesting lifting space over the Hawaiian earring.

It is actually not difficult to construct lifting spaces that are not covering spaces as we
have the following characterization.
\begin{proposition}(\cite[Theorem II.2.5]{Spanier})
A map $p\colon L\to X$ is a lifting space if, and only if it is a Hurewicz fibration with totally path-disconnected fibre.
\end{proposition}
Furthermore, a locally trivial projection over a paracompact space is always a Hurewicz fibration
(see \cite[Theorem 1.6, Corollary 1.7]{Pavesic-Piccinini}). Conversely, if $p\colon L\to X$ is a lifting space,
then the restriction of $p$ over a contractible subspace of $X$ is locally trivial.
\begin{theorem}
Let $X$ be a locally contractible space. Then $p\colon L\to X$ is a lifting space if, and only if $p$ is locally trivial
and the fibres of $p$ are totally path-disconnected.
\end{theorem}
As a matter of comparison, if $X$ is locally contractible and the fibre of a lifting space $p\colon L\to X$ is discrete, then $p$ is a
covering projection.

\subsection{Compactified spiral
Let us first consider lifting spaces whose base is the circle $S^1$.
Lifting spaces whose fibre is finite are exactly the finite coverings over $S^1$ (we assume that all spaces under consideration are
Hausdorff). There is only one infinite covering space over the circle, namely the exponential map $\exp\colon\mathord{\mathbb{R}}\to \mathord{\mathbb{Z}}$ but there are
many other lifting spaces. For example, let
$$L:=\big\{\big(\cos t,\sin t, \frac{t}{1+|t|}\big)\mid t\in\mathord{\mathbb{R}}\big\}\cup S^1\times\{-1,1\}\subset S^1\times [-1,1],$$
and let $p\colon L\to S^1$ be the projection map. $L$ may be depicted as a compressed spiral that is ``compactified'' by one circle
at the top and one at the bottom. The projection $p$ is clearly locally trivial while the fibre is compact and totally path-disconnected
(but not discrete), therefore $p$ is a lifting projection that is not a covering projection. Nevertheless, it is very close to covering space,
in the sense that the path-components of $L$ are covering spaces over $S^1$. Lifting spaces that split into covering space components are
said to be \emph{decomposable}.

\subsection{Irrational slope line
To describe our second example, choose an irrational number $a\in\mathord{\mathbb{R}}$, define
$$L:=\{(e^{it},e^{iat})\mid t\in\mathord{\mathbb{R}}\}\subset S^1\times S^1,$$
and let $p\colon L\to S^1$ be the projection on the first component. $L$ is the irrational slope line that winds around the torus,
and $p$ is a lifting projection, because it is clearly locally trivial and the fibre is totally path-disconnected. The completion of $L$ is
the entire torus, so from our viewpoint this examples belongs more to the theory of foliations.

\subsection{Mapping torus
Every lifting space over the circle can be obtained as a mapping torus of a suitable map. Let $F$ be any totally path-disconnected space,
and let $f\colon F\to F$ be a self-homeomorphism. Then the \emph{mapping torus} of $f$ is defined as the quotient space
$$M_f:=\frac{I\times F}{(0,x)\sim (1,f(x))},$$
and the projection to the first component induces a lifting projection $p\colon M_f\to S^1$.
There is an obvious extension of this construction to the case when $X$ is a 1-dimensional complex (a graph).
In fact, we may split every 1-simplex in $X$ in the middle, take the product of the resulting space with $F$, and then glue together
the fibres over
the cuts with respect to some choice of self-homeomorphisms of $F$. The main drawback of this
universal construction is that it is usually very difficult to determine the properties of the resulting lifting space, e.g. whether
it is connected, path-connected, are the path-components dense, what is the fundamental group of $L$ and so on.

\subsection{Solenoids
From our viewpoint, the most interesting examples of lifting spaces arise as inverse limits of covering spaces (cf.
\cite[Proposition 2.2]{Conner-Pavesic}). Let us consider the inverse system of coverings over $S^1$ obtained by iterating
2-fold coverings:
$$\xymatrix{S^1 &  S^1 \ar[l]_2 &  S^1 \ar[l]_2 &   \cdots\ar[l]_2 }$$
The inverse limit of the sequence is the well-known \emph{dyadic solenoid} $\mathord{\mathrm{Sol}}_2$, and the resulting projection $p\colon \mathord{\mathrm{Sol}}_2\to S^1$
determines a lifting space whose fibre can be identified with the inverse limit of the sequence of groups
$$\xymatrix{\mathord{\mathbb{Z}}/2 & & \mathord{\mathbb{Z}}/4 \ar[ll]_{\mod 2} & & \mathord{\mathbb{Z}}/8 \ar[ll]_{\mod 4} & &  \cdots\ar[ll]_{\mod 8} }$$
which is the profinite group of 2-adic integers $\widehat\mathord{\mathbb{Z}}_2$. Recall that $\widehat\mathord{\mathbb{Z}}_2$ is a compact, totally disconnected topological
group, and that as a topological space it is homeomorphic to the Cantor set.

Lifting spaces that are inverse limits of regular coverings have many pleasant properties: every path-component of the total space is
dense in the total space, fibres are complete topological groups (even compact groups, if all coverings in the system are finite), each point
in the fibre uniquely determines an automorphism of the lifting space, the automorphism group acts transitively on the fibres,
it is possible to formulate a lifting theorem, ... (cf. \cite[Sections 4.,5.]{Conner-Pavesic}). It would be therefore highly desirable
to have a criterion that could recognize inverse limits of regular coverings. For instance, we are able
to tell that our first two examples (the compactified spiral and the irrational slope line) are not inverse limits of coverings
by direct inspection of the respective fibres.
But what if the fibres are Cantor sets, possibly provided with a specific topological group structure, and the total space is
constructed using the universal method described above? We are going to illustrate potential difficulties with three examples,
which are also of independent interest, because of their relations with other mathematical theories.

\subsection{The Morse-Thue lifting space over the circle
\label{subsec:M-T}
Our next example arises from a dynamical system related to the famous \emph{Morse-Thue sequence}. It is a binary sequence (i.e. an infinite
word in the alphabet $A:=\{0,1\}$) with some outstanding properties that can be obtained as follows. Start from the word $01$ and then
recursively replace every $0$ in the string by $01$
and every $1$ by $10$.  Alternatively, we may start from the string $0$ and then,
from every $a_n$ construct $a_{n+1}$ by concatenating $a_n$ with $a_n'$ where $a_n'$ is obtained by swapping zeroes and ones in $a_n$.
Either way, the iteration of the process yields an infinite sequence whose initial portion is
$$\mathbf{01101001~10010110~10010110~ 01101001}\ldots, $$
and which has interesting applications in dynamical systems, game theory, fractals, combinatorics and elsewhere.

By concatenating the Morse-Thue sequence with its reverse we obtain a doubly infinite (i.e. $\mathord{\mathbb{Z}}$-indexed) sequence $\omega_0\in A^{\mathbb Z}$.
Denote by $M_0\subset A^{\mathbb Z}$ the topological closure of the orbit of $\omega_0$ with respect to the shift operator $\sigma$ on $A^{\mathbb Z}$.
Clearly, $M_0$ is homeomorphic to the Cantor set, and $\sigma\colon M_0\to M_0$ is a self-homeomorphism.

The \emph{Morse-Thue lifting space} is defined as the projection $p\colon L\to S^1$, where $L$ is the mapping torus of the action of $\sigma$ on $M_0$.
Its fibres are compact and totally disconnected, and at first sight it resembles the previously described solenoid lifting space.
However, that impression is false: the Morse-Thue lifting space cannot be obtained as an inverse limit of finite coverings of the circle
(see Theorem \ref{t:MS-fibration}).

\subsection{The 2-3 solenoid over the figure eight
We will see later that the Morse-Thue lifting space is not an inverse limit of coverings despite its fibre is a profinite space.
In fact, the main obstruction are the properties of the shift map on the fibre (corresponding to the parallel transport around the circle)
that cannot result from a strict inverse limit of finite quotients of $\mathord{\mathbb{Z}}$. In this subsection we describe a lifting space over the wedge
of two circles that is an inverse limit of coverings over each circle, but the transport along arbitrary paths leads to certain irregular behaviour.

Let $\mathord{\mathrm{Sol}}_k$ denote the inverse limit of the sequence of $k$-fold coverings
$$\xymatrix{S^1 &  S^1 \ar[l]_k &  S^1 \ar[l]_k &  \cdots\ar[l]_k },$$
so that $\mathord{\mathrm{Sol}}_k$ is a locally trivial lifting space over $S^1$ with fibre $\widehat\mathord{\mathbb{Z}}_k$ (i.e., a \emph{Cantor bundle}).
In particular, we consider $\mathord{\mathrm{Sol}}_2$ and $\mathord{\mathrm{Sol}}_3$,
the 2-adic and 3-adic solenoids and the corresponding lifting projections $p\colon \mathord{\mathrm{Sol}}_2\to S^1$ and $q\colon \mathord{\mathrm{Sol}}_3\to S^1$.
In both case the fibres are homeomorphic to the Cantor set, so we may choose a homeomorphism
$f\colon p^{-1}(1)\to q^{-1}(1)$ and construct the amalgamated union
$$\mathord{\mathrm{Sol}}_2\cup_f\mathord{\mathrm{Sol}}_3=\frac{\mathord{\mathrm{Sol}}_2\coprod\ \mathord{\mathrm{Sol}}_3}{x\sim f(x)}.$$
There is an obvious projection $r\colon \mathord{\mathrm{Sol}}_2\cup_f\mathord{\mathrm{Sol}}_3\to S^1\vee S^1$ from the \emph{2-3 solenoid} to the wedge of two
circles (\emph{figure eight}).

Since $f$ is a homeomorphism, it is easy to show that restriction of $r$ to a small neighbourhood of the wedge point in $S^1\vee S^1$
is trivial. As it is clearly trivial over the neighbourhoods of other points, we conclude that $r$ is locally trivial, hence a fibration,
by the Hurewicz uniformization theorem \cite[Theorem 1.6]{Pavesic-Piccinini}.
It follows that $r$ is a lifting projection. Moreover, $r$ is indecomposable in the sense that every path-component of the total
space is dense. In fact, each path-component contains at least one path component of $\mathord{\mathrm{Sol}}_2$ and of $\mathord{\mathrm{Sol}}_3$,
and so its closure is the entire space.

\subsection{The squaring lifting space over the Hawaiian earring
\label{sec:squaring}
Our last example is a lifting space over the Hawaiian earring that is obtained as an inverse limit of a sequence of two-fold coverings.
Recall that the \emph{Hawaiian earring} is the space that can be represented as a union of planar circles with shrinking radii and
passing through the origin:
$$H_0:=\bigcup_{n=1}^\infty C_n\ ,\ \ \ \text{where}\ \ \ \ C_n:=\big\{(x,y)\in\mathord{\mathbb{R}}^2\mid x^2+y^2=\frac{x}{n} \big\}.$$
We are going to build a sequence of coverings
$$\xymatrix{H_0 &  H_1 \ar[l]_{p_1} & H_2 \ar[l]_{p_2}& \ldots \ar[l]_{p_3}}$$
by applying at each step the following construction. Assume that the space $X$ is obtained from a path-connected space $A$ by attaching a circle at
each point of some finite subset  $F\subset A$.
We can conveniently identify $X$ as a subset of the product $A\times S^1$, $X=A\times\{1\}\cup F\times S^1$.
Let $\widetilde X:=A\times\{-1,1\}\cup F\times S^1\subset A\times S^1$; then a straightforward computation shows that the squaring map on $S^1$
induces a two-fold covering map $A\times S^1\to A\times S^1$, which in turn restricts to a two-fold covering $\widetilde X\to X$.

To construct $H_1$ we view $H_0$ as the result of attaching the circle $C_1$ to the union of the remaining circles. Then we let $H_1:=\widetilde H_0$,
with the projection $p_1\colon H_1\to H_0$ given by the construction described in the previous paragraph. Note that $p_1^{-1}(C_2)$ consists of two
circles, so we view $H_2$ as the result of attaching those two circles to the rest of $H_1$. Then $H_2:=\widetilde H_1$, and $p_2\colon H_2\to H_1$ is
the corresponding two-fold covering. By iterating this procedure we obtain an inverse sequence of coverings, whose limit
$$H_\infty:=\lim_{\longleftarrow} H_n,$$
and the natural projection $p_\infty\colon H_\infty\to H_0$ determines a lifting space over the Hawaiian earring, that we call a \emph{squaring lifting space},
because at each step the the projection is essentially induced by squaring.

At first glance the squaring lifting space over the Hawaiian earring is very similar to the 2-adic solenoid $\mathord{\mathrm{Sol}}_2$. Both lifting spaces are inverse limits
of two-fold coverings induced by squaring operation; both have fibres homeomorphic to the Cantor set, endowed with the structure of 2-adic integers compatible
with the lifting projections; one can even show that the group of deck transformations acts freely and transitively on the fibres (see \cite[Section 4]{Conner-Pavesic}).
By analogy, one would expect that, as in the case of the solenoid, $H_\infty$ is not path-connected nor locally path-connected. We were thus quite surprised to discover
that $H_\infty$ is actually path-connected and even locally path-connected (see Theorem \ref{thm:HE lifting}).

\section{Properties of lifting spaces}

In this section we state and prove the main properties of the lifting space examples described above.

\subsection{The Morse-Thue lifting space

To examine the Morse-Thue lifting space we first recall some basic concepts from topological group actions and topological dynamics (cf. \cite{deVries}).
Given a metric space $X$ with a right action of some topological group $T$, a pair of elements
$(x,y) \in X\times X$ is said to be {\em proximal} if $\inf_{t\in T}d(x\cdot t,y\cdot t)=0$, otherwise it is {\em distal}.
If every pair $(x,y)$ with $y\neq x$ is distal, then $x\in X$ is a {\em distal point}.
A space is {\em point distal} if it contains a distal point,  and it is a {\em distal space} if it contains a distal point with dense orbit.
Furthermore, a right $T$-space $X$ is {\em minimal} if $X$ does not contain any proper $T$-invariant subset, and is
{\em equicontinuous} if the elements of $T$ form an equicontinuous family of maps on $X$.

Every self-homeomorphism $t$ of a space $X$ determines an action of the additive group $\mathord{\mathbb{Z}}$ on $X$. The resulting \emph{dynamical system}
is denoted $(X,t)$. In particular, $(M_0,\sigma)$ as described in Subsection \ref{subsec:M-T} is the so called \emph{Morse-Thue minimal system}
described in \cite[(2.27), p.~181]{deVries}, and we have the following facts
:
\begin{enumerate}
\item $\mathord{\mathbb{Z}}$-space $M_0$ is point distal and not distal, cf. \cite[p.309]{deVries}.
\item $\mathord{\mathbb{Z}}$-space $M_0$ is not equicontinuous, cf. \cite[Chapter V, (6.1) 8, p,~481]{deVries}.
\item $\omega_0$ is an almost periodic point, and therefore its orbit closure is minimal,
  \cite[(2.29) Theorem, p.~182 and (2.31) Remarks, p.~183]{deVries}.
\item There are no periodic orbits.
\end{enumerate}

To compare the Morse-Thue system with inverse limits of finite dynamical systems, let as consider an inverse sequence of spaces $(X_n,p_{n+1,n})$
that is  {\em strict} in the sense that all bonding maps $p_{n+1,n}:X_{n+1}\to X_n$ are onto. Then we have the following characterization.

\begin{lemma}\label{l:invlim-equicont}
The inverse limit of a strict sequence of finite ${\mathbb Z}$-spaces $X_n$ is equicontinuous.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
Since each $X_n$ is finite, there is a kernel of the action,
$$K_n:=\{g\in{\mathbb Z}\mid (\forall x\in X_n) \ \ x\cdot g=x\}.$$
The kernels $K_n$ form a decreasing sequence and $(X_n,{\mathbb Z}/K_n)$ is an inverse system of finite actions. Let $(X,T)$ be its inverse limit,
where $T$ is a procyclic group acting continuously on $X$.
Since $T$ is compact the  Arzel\`a-Ascoli theorem implies that $T$ and its subgroup ${\mathbb Z}$ act equicontinuously on $X$.
\end{proof}
As a consequence, the Morse minimal system cannot be presented as the strict inverse limit of finite dynamical systems. In particular,
a fibration, that has $M_0$ as a fibre, cannot be obtained as an inverse limit of finite coverings.

\begin{theorem}\label{t:MS-fibration}
Let $L$ be the mapping torus of the action of $\sigma$ on $M_0$. Then $p\colon L\to S^1$ is a lifting space with
compact and totally disconnected fibres that cannot be obtained  as the
inverse limit of finite covering spaces over the circle.
\end{theorem}

\subsection{The 2-3 solenoid

By its very construction, the 2-3 solenoid $\mathord{\mathrm{Sol}}_2\cup_f\mathord{\mathrm{Sol}}_3$ locally resembles an inverse limit of coverings, but we will show that its total space
cannot be obtained in such a way. Indeed, if $r$ is an inverse limit of coverings, then there must exist a covering $u\colon \widetilde X\to S^1\vee S^1$
such that $r$ factors over $u$ as in the diagram

$$\xymatrix{
\mathord{\mathrm{Sol}}_2\cup_f\mathord{\mathrm{Sol}}_3 \ar[dd]_r \ar[dr]^s\\
& \widetilde X \ar[dl]^u\\
S^1\vee S^1}$$

As $\mathord{\mathrm{Sol}}_2$ is connected, the restriction $u|\colon s(\mathord{\mathrm{Sol}}_2)\to S^1$ is a connected covering over $S^1$ whose degree then must be a power of 2.
Similarly, the restriction $u|\colon s(\mathord{\mathrm{Sol}}_3)\to S^1$ is a connected covering whose degree is a power of 3. As both
degrees coincide with the degree of $u$, it follows that $u$ can only be the trivial covering of $S^1\vee S^1$.

\begin{proposition}
$\mathord{\mathrm{Sol}}_2\cup_f\mathord{\mathrm{Sol}}_3$ cannot be mapped over $S^1\vee S^1$ to any non-trivial covering space over $S^1\vee S^1$. As a consequence,
$r\colon \mathord{\mathrm{Sol}}_2\cup_f\mathord{\mathrm{Sol}}_3\to S^1\vee S^1$ cannot be obtained as an inverse limit of coverings of $S^1\vee S^1$.
\end{proposition}

Let us discuss another peculiar property of the 2-3 solenoid. Given a lifting space $p\colon L\to X$,
the \emph{group of deck transformations} $A(p)$ consists of all self-homeomorphisms $h\colon L\to L$ that commute with $p$, as in
$$\xymatrix{
L\ar[rr]^h \ar[dr]_p& & L\ar[dl]^p\\
& X}$$
We have already mentioned that the group of deck transformations of an inverse limit of regular coverings is in one-to-one
correspondence with the points in the fibre, just like in the case of regular coverings. And like for coverings, a small
group of deck transformations indicates that a lifting space is highly irregular. \\

\begin{theorem}
The group of deck transformations of the 2-3 solenoid is trivial.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
Let $h\colon \mathord{\mathrm{Sol}}_2\cup_f\mathord{\mathrm{Sol}}_3\to \mathord{\mathrm{Sol}}_2\cup_f\mathord{\mathrm{Sol}}_3$ be a deck transformation of $r$. Clearly, the restriction $h|_{\mathord{\mathrm{Sol}}_2}$ is a deck
transformation of $p\colon\mathord{\mathrm{Sol}}_2\to S^1$. Since $p$ is regular, $h$ is completely determined by the image of one point,
say $x_0\in \mathord{\mathrm{Sol}}_2$. As a consequence, $h$ can be written as a translation
$$h(x)=x+_2(h(x_0)-_2 x_0),$$
where $+_2$ and $-_2$ denote 2-adic addition and subtraction. Similarly, $h|_{\mathord{\mathrm{Sol}}_3}$ is a translation with respect to
the 3-adic addition. Since the two operations must coincide along the common fibre, they are related through the homeomorphism
$f\colon\widetilde\mathord{\mathbb{Z}}_2\to\widetilde\mathord{\mathbb{Z}}_3$ by the following formula
$$ h(f(x))=f(x)+_3\big(f(h(x_0))-_3f(x_0)\big).$$
If we define $a:=h(x_0)-_2x_0$ and $b:=f(h(x_0))-_3f(x_0)$ and take into account the relation $h(f(x))=f(h(x))$,
we obtain that for every $x\in\widehat\mathord{\mathbb{Z}}_2$
$$f(x+_2a)=f(h(x))=h(f(x))=f(x)+_3b,$$
so in particular
$$b=f(a)-_3 f(0).$$
Let $\bar f(x):=f(x)-f(0)$, so that we get
$$\bar f(x+_2 a)=f(x+_2a)-_3f(a)=f(x)+_3f(a)-_3f(0)-_3 f(0)=\bar f(x)+_3\bar f(a).$$
By induction we obtain the following equality $\bar f(n\cdot_2 a)=n\cdot_3\bar f(a)$.
However, $2^i\cdot_2 a$ is a Cauchy sequence in $\widehat\mathord{\mathbb{Z}}_2$ (converging to 0), while
$2^k\cdot_3\bar f(a)$ is not a Cauchy sequence in $\widehat\mathord{\mathbb{Z}}_3$, unless $\bar f(a)=0$, which would imply $b=0$ and $h=\mathrm{Id}$.
we conclude that the lifting space $r\colon \mathord{\mathrm{Sol}}_2\cup_f\mathord{\mathrm{Sol}}_3\to S^1$ is \emph{rigid} in the sense that $A(r)$ is trivial.
\end{proof}

\subsection{The squaring lifting space}

Intuitively, a lifting space obtained as an inverse limit of a sequence of coverings should resemble a solenoid so in particular,
we may expect that its total space is neither path-connected nor locally path-connected. However, our intuition is wrong, as we will
explain by analysing the squaring lifting space over the Hawaiian earring. We begin with an alternative description of the spaces $H_n$
(notation is from Section \ref{sec:squaring}).

\begin{lemma}
The covering space $q_n=p_n\circ\ldots\circ p_1\colon H_n\to H_0$ can be identified as the pull-back of the $n$-th power squaring map as in the diagram
$$\xymatrix{
H_n \ar[rr] \ar[d]_{p_n}\pullbackcorner & & (S^1)^n\ar[d]^{2^n} \\
H_0 \ar@{^(->}[r]_-i & (S^1)^{\mathbb N} \, \ar[r]_-{\mathrm{pr_n}} & (S^1)^n}$$
where the bottom map is the composition of the inclusion $i$ of $H_0$ into the countable product of circles with the projection to the product of $n$ circles,
and $2^n$ denotes the product of $n$ squaring maps on the circle.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
By a direct computation, the total space of the pull-back of the covering projection $2^n\colon (S^1)^n\to (S^1)^n$ along $\mathrm{pr_n}\circ i$
can be decomposed as the union $\bigcup_{j=1}^\infty H_{n,j}$, where
$$H_{n,j}=\big\{(x_i)\in (S^1)^{\mathbb N}\big|\, x_j\in S^1,\, \text{and if}\ i\ne j, x_i=1\, \text{for}\ i>n,\, \text{and}\ x_i=\pm 1\ \text{for}\ i\le n\big\}.$$
We use induction to prove that $H_n=\bigcup_{j=1}^\infty H_{n,j}$. Clearly, the Hawaiian earring can  be written as $H_0=\bigcup_{j=1}^\infty H_{0,j}$, so let us
assume that $H_{n-1}=\bigcup_{j=1}^\infty H_{n-1,j}$. Note that we can decompose $H_n$ as
$$H_n=\bigcup_{j\ne n}H_{n-1,j}\cup \bigcup_{j\ne n}H'_{n-1,j}\cup H_{n-1,n},$$
where $H'_{n-1,j}$ is defined in the same way
as $H_{n-1,j}$ only with $x_n=-1$ instead of $x_n=1$, i.e.
$$H'_{n-1,j}=\big\{(x_i)\in (S^1)^\infty\big|\, x_j\in S^1,\, \text{and if}\ i\ne j,\hspace{50mm}$$ $$\hspace*{40mm} x_i=1\, \text{for}\ i>n,\, x_n=-1, \, \text{and}\ x_i=\pm 1\ \text{for}\ i\le n-1\big\}.$$
But that is exactly how $H_n$ was constructed from $H_{n-1}$ in Section \ref{sec:squaring}, by taking $A=\bigcup_{j\ne n}H_{n-1,j}$ and $F$ the $2^{n-1}$ points with coordinates $\pm 1$ in $A$.
\end{proof}

Ii is now easy to compute the inverse limit of the spaces $H_n$:

\begin{proposition}
The total space of the squaring lifting space is given by
$$H_\infty=\big\{(x_i)\in(S^1)^{\mathbb N}  \big|\ x_i=\pm 1 \,\text{for all but one index}\ i   \big\},$$
and the following pull-back diagram determines the lifting projection $p_\infty\colon H_\infty\to H_0$.
$$\xymatrix{
H_\infty \ar[r] \ar[d]_{p_\infty}\pullbackcorner &  (S^1)^{\mathbb N}\ar[d]^{2^{\mathbb N}} \\
H_0 \ar@{^(->}[r]_-i & (S^1)^{\mathbb N} }$$
\end{proposition}

We can visualize the space $H_\infty$ as a subspace of the Hilbert cube $I^{\mathbb N}$ obtained by doubling all edges in the 1-skeleton of $I^{\mathbb N}$
(in a sense, since the Hilbert cube is not a CW-complex). Evidently, $H_\infty$ is path-connected.  It is also locally
path-connected, because every point of $H_\infty$ admits arbitrarily small neighbourhoods of the form
$(U\times I^{\mathbb N})\cap H_\infty$ where $U\subset I^n$ and $U\cap H_\infty$ is path-connected. We have thus proved

\begin{theorem}
\label{thm:HE lifting}
The total space of the squaring lifting space over the Hawaiian earring is path-connected and locally path-connected
(in fact, it is a Peano continuum).
\end{theorem}

The properties of the squaring lifting space are in certain sense transversal to those of the solenoids. For instance,
the lifting projection $p\colon \mathord{\mathrm{Sol}}_2\to S^1$ has a path-connected and semi-locally simply connected base, and is not
a covering projection, because $\mathord{\mathrm{Sol}}_2$ is not path-connected nor locally path connected (compare comments in the Introduction).
On the other side, $p_\infty\colon H_\infty\to H_0$ has a path-connected and locally path-connected total space but is not
a covering projection, because its base space is not semi-locally simply connected. Some further properties of the squaring
lifting space are collected in the following corollary. Recall that the fundamental group of the Hawaiian earring can be
represented as the subgroup of the inverse limit of free groups consisting of the so-called \emph{legal words}, that is
infinite words in the alphabet $a_1,a_2,a_3,\ldots$ where each letter appears finitely many times (see \cite{Cannon-Conner}
for more details).

\begin{corollary}
\begin{enumerate}\item[]
\item The group of deck transformations of the squaring lifting space is given by $\mathord{\mathrm{Aut}}(p_\infty)\cong\mathord{\mathbb{Z}}_2^{\mathord{\mathbb{N}}}$.
\item The lifting of paths in the squaring lifting space induces the epimorphism $\partial\colon \pi_1(H_0)\to\mathord{\mathbb{Z}}_2^{\mathbb N}.$
\item The fundamental group of the total space $\pi_1(H_\infty)$ is isomorphic to $\Ker\partial$, which is the subgroup of
$\pi_1(H_0)$ whose elements are legal words in which every letter appears an even number of times (i.e. represented by loops
that go around each circle in the Hawaiian earring an even number of times).
\item Let $p\colon L\to H_0$ be any lifting space. There exists a map $f\colon H_0\to L$ such that $p_\infty=p\circ f$ if, and only
if $\Ker{\partial}\subseteq p_\sharp(\pi_1(L))$.
\end{enumerate}
\end{corollary}
\begin{proof}
The lifting projection $p_\infty$ is the inverse limit of a sequence of regular coverings, therefore by \cite[Corollary 4.11]{Conner-Pavesic} $\mathord{\mathrm{Aut}}(p)$ is
isomorphic to the inverse limit of the sequence of respective fibres, therefore $\mathord{\mathrm{Aut}}(p_\infty)\cong\mathord{\mathbb{Z}}_2^{\mathbb N}$.

The lifting projection $p_\infty\colon H_\infty\to H_0$ is a fibration, so we may consider the relevant portion of the homotopy exact
sequence (cf. \cite[Theorem 4.5]{Conner-Pavesic}):
$$\xymatrix{
1 \ar[r] & \pi_1(H_\infty) \ar[r]^{\pi_1(p_\infty)} & \pi_1(H_0) \ar[r]^-\partial & \mathord{\mathbb{Z}}_2^{{\mathbb N}} \ar[r] & \pi_0(H_\infty) }$$
By exactness, $\pi_1(H_\infty)$ is isomorphic to $\Ker\partial$, which in turn clearly consists of legal words
in $\pi_1(H_0)$ in which every letter appears an even number of times. Moreover, as $H_\infty$ is path-connected, $\pi_0(H_\infty)$ is
trivial, hence $\partial$ is an epimorphism. Finally, since $H_\infty$ is path-connected and locally path-connected, the lifting
criterion of \cite[Theorem II.4.5]{Spanier} implies (4).
\end{proof}

In conclusion, one should not view the examples described in this paper just as a bestiary of strange lifting spaces, but rather as
a list of main obstacles and caveats for a viable classification theory of lifting spaces. We believe that indecomposable lifting spaces with
profinite fibre and transitive group of deck transformations are the correct extension of the concept of (finite) covering spaces.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Architect droid
Sienar-Jaemus Fleet Systems TIE/dg Starfighter (Tie Dagger)
Raggold
Section of Site: Characters D6 Belongs to Faction: Subtype: Non-Player Character Era: Post Empire Canon: Yes
CHARACTER NAME – Poe Dameron
SPECIES - Human
GENDER - Male
HEIGHT - 1.72m
MOVE - 10
DEXTERITY: 3D+2
Blaster: 6D
Dodge: 5D+1
Grenade: 4D+1
Melee Combat: 4D+2
Melee Parry: 4D+2
PERCEPTION: 3D
Command: 5D+1
Search: 4D
KNOWLEDGE: 3D
Cultures: 4D+1
Languages: 5D (Binary: 7D)
Planetary Systems: 4D+2
Tactics: 6D+1
Brawling: 5D+1
Stamina: 4D
Sensors: 5D+2
Space Transports: 6D+1
Starfighter Piloting: 6D+2
Starship Gunnery: 6D
TECHNICAL: 3D+1
Computer Programming/Repair: 4D
Droid Repair: 4D+1
Space Transports Repair: 4D+2
Starfighter Repair: 5D+1
CREDITS - 1,000
Blaster pistol, Resistance Flightsuit, Comlink, Resistance Starfighter (Usually an X-Wing), BB-8, credit chip
FORCE SENSITIVE – N
FORCE POINTS 5
DARK SIDE POINTS 0
CHARACTER POINTS 12
Character Bio - Poe Dameron was a human male pilot who served as a commander in the New Republic and, later, the Resistance during its conflict with the First Order. The son of Lieutenant Shara Bey and Sergeant Kes Dameron of the Alliance to Restore the Republic, Dameron followed in his late mother's footsteps and became a pilot, serving the New Republic Starfleet as the commander of Rapier Squadron, but grew disillusioned with the Republic's inaction to the First Order's violations of the Galactic Concordance. Dameron defected to the Resistance, where he became one of General Leia Organa's most trusted operatives. Dameron flew under the callsign of Black Leader while piloting his specialized T-70 X-wing fighter, Black One.
As the conflict with the First Order grew more desperate, Dameron was sent to find Lor San Tekka on Jakku, who had part of a map to locate Organa's brother, Jedi Master Luke Skywalker. Though Dameron entrusted the map to his astromech droid BB-8, he was captured by the First Order. He escaped with the help of a defecting stormtrooper, whom Dameron nicknamed Finn, and returned to the Resistance base on D'Qar on his own. He aided Finn, Rey, Han Solo, and Chewbacca with air support during the Battle on Takodana, and he later flew during the battle to destroy the superweapon known as Starkiller Base. During the battle, after the base was damaged by Solo, Finn, Rey, and Chewbacca, Dameron fired the shots that destroyed the Starkiller weapon, saving the Resistance from certain destruction.
Born two years before the Battle of Endor, Poe Dameron was the son of Shara Bey and Kes Dameron, who both served the Alliance to Restore the Republic in the fight against the Galactic Empire during the Galactic Civil War. As an infant, Dameron barely saw his parents due to the Alliance's continued operations against the Imperials before and after Endor, as his mother worked as a Rebel pilot for the Alliance's Green Squadron and his father was a member of the Pathfinders, and Dameron was thus left in the care of his maternal grandfather. Six months after the Battle of Endor, after the Imperial remnant put forward Operation: Cinder, Dameron's parents left Rebel service to reunite with him, settle on Yavin 4 and build a house-close to which they planted a Force-sensitive tree, a gift from Jedi Knight Luke Skywalker.
At age 6, Dameron began to learn how to fly in his mother's old RZ-1 A-wing interceptor, which was part of his mother's compensation package when she mustered out of the Rebellion. She would take Dameron up in it, and he would sit in her lap, learning how to control the ship from her. Tragedy struck his family when his mother unexpectedly died; at the time, Dameron was only eight years old. L'ulo L'ampar, Bey's fellow Rebel pilot and friend, helped raise Dameron, and was thus like family to him.
Eventually, Dameron became a pilot himself and joined the New Republic Starfleet. Upon entering the New Republic's service, he began to learn the true scope of his mother's heroism, and he himself rose through the ranks, becoming a commander for the New Republic, and earned the reputation of being extremely skilled. Given command of Rapier Squadron, a group of T-85 X-wings, Dameron also met the spherical astromech droid BB-8, who would go onto assist him during his flights as Rapier Leader and become a steadfast friend from then on.
His squadron was stationed at the Mirrin Prime Republic Base, under Major Lonno Deso. In time, Dameron came to be aware of the threat the First Order represented and the leeway they were given by the Republic, but he and his squadron were merely deployed to patrol trade lanes in the Mirrin sector and protect ships from piracy.
After four weeks of inactivity, Dameron's scanner picked up a distress call from the Yissira Zyde. Once BB-8 pinpointed its exact location above Suraz 4, Dameron and his fellow Rapiers-Karé Kun, Iolo Arana, and Muran-made the jump into lightspeed, expecting to find the Zyde under pirate attack. However, they found the freighter sieged by eight First Order TIE fighters, which proceeded to attack them. Breaking them into two elements, Dameron and Kun attacked the TIE fighters, while Arana and Muran broke off the shuttles attacking the Zyde. Though during the skirmish Dameron fell five enemy ships, and Kun the other three, the squadron lost Muran.
Afterwards, Dameron tried to convince Desso to contact the Resistance or investigate the attack, but as Republic Command had ordered not to take action against the First Order, Dameron's request was denied. Whent they were sent on a patrol once again, Dameron split up from Kun and Arana to do a reconnaissance mission of the Yissira Zyde's hyperspace trajectory alone with BB-8. Together, they made it to OR-Kappa-2722 where they found a First Order staging point and Dameron was forced to engage and avoid two dozen TIE fighters while BB-8 located the Zyde's ID transponder aboard one of the Star Destroyers. When they were ready to leave, Dameron made a "L'ulo Stand" and managed to escape back to Mirrin Prime. Upon his return to the planet, Dameron met Major Caluan Ematt and was then made to enter a briefing room alone to meet General Leia Organa, who requested that he tell her everything about the Yissira Zyde.
Upon ending his account of the skirmish, Organa realized that Dameron reminded her of her brother Luke Skywalker―for being passionate, an outstanding pilot and dedicated to doing what was right―, and offered him the opportunity to join the Resistance in its conflict against the First Order. Dameron immediately accepted, as did Kun and Arana. Retaining the rank of commander and now in charge of his own fighter wing, Dameron was transferred to the Echo of Hope, and in the next few months, he went onto helping in recruiting efforts to find additional pilots, scouting missions, long-range reconnaissance, and searching for signs of First Order movement and positions.
In his service to the Resistance, Dameron became one of Organa's most-trusted operatives, and quickly rose through the ranks of the understaffed Starfighter Corps, earning the command of both Red and Blue Squadron―the latter of which served as the primary line of defense for the Resistance base on D'Qar. Under the callsign of Black Leader, to denote his customized, dark-hulled T-70 X-wing fighter Black One, Dameron was assisted during his flights by BB-8.
Eventually, Dameron was recruited by Organa for Operation: Sabre Strike to steal navicomputer data from the Hevurion Grace, which belonged to First Order sympathizer and Republic senator, Erudo Ro-Kiintor. Dameron, in turn, recruited Kun and Arana and acquired three Z-95 Headhunters for the operation. Forced to leave BB-8 behind, Dameron and his team went to the Uvoss system and awaited for the Pinnacle-class luxury ship to arrive. When it did, Kun and Arana disabled and escorted the ship as planned, while Dameron used an EVA suit to board Ro-Kiintor's Grace. Inside, he claimed the ship for the Irving Boys to cover his true allegiance, and forced the senator, his pilot and his servant to go into the escape pods.
Dameron then made it to the ship's cockpit and worked on restarting the engines when First Order's vessels appeared. Depite engaging one frigate and two Star Destroyers, Dameron, Kun and Aranda managed to escape and land their respective ships aboard the Echo of Hope. General Organa then met with Dameron and sent C-3PO to get everything he could from the flight computers. The following morning Dameron confided in Organa that he was angry and worried at their situation, which echoed the Imperial Era's characteristic hopelessness that his parents had told him about. Organa then resolved to find Lor San Tekka, whom (according to their findings in the Hevurion Grace) the First Order was trying to locate, and whom Organa believed held a clue to her brother's location.
At some point, Dameron and BB-8 were deployed to retrieve C-3PO (with whom he was already familiar), the only survivor of a mission to transmit the location of Admiral Gial Ackbar to the Resistance.
Determined to find her brother before the First Order did, Organa tasked Dameron with the search for San Tekka at his last-known location. Although trouble was unlikely, Dameron was authorized to select a squadron of four pilots and a technician. Choosing people whom he could trust, Dameron recruited Kun, L'ampar, Temmin Wexley, Jessika Pava, and Oddy Muva to form Black Squadron. Dameron informed the group that they would be departing on a mission, but, to L'ampar's disapproval, the purpose of their mission remained classified.
Except for Muva, Dameron and his squadron departed from D'Qar to Ovanis where Tekka was last seen. Leaving the rest of his squadron to fly above the surface, he flew Black One into a perilous cavern and landed at a Crèche outpost, and briefly lost contact with the squadron. While BB-8 restore the signal, Dameron inquired about Tekka's location with the outpost's elder, but she refused out of distrust. BB-8 then discovered a tracker on his ship, which meant the First Order was likely to arrive soon. Not too long afterwards, Kun reported to Dameron that a First Order platform was already on site and deploying a taskforce to the cavernous entrance. Striking a deal with the elder, Dameron and BB-8 hid their starfighter before Agent Terex bursted into the outpost, and Dameron ordered his squadron to "give him some leverage".
While they did as ordered and fell the platform, Dameron confronted Terex while BB-8 remained hidden. Although he no longer had air support, Terex ordered his flametroopers to destroy the sacred egg of the Crèche and correctly surmised that the Ravenous from orbit would launch a counterattack. However, in the nick of time, the "savior" hatched from the egg and attacked everyone. Dameron used the opportunity to distract Terex with a punch, while BB-8 stole the agent's blaster pistol. As Dameron and Terex fought over it, the creature's counterpart appeared to save the Crèche and killed the newly-hatched beast. Forced into stalemate, Terex called the attack off, and Dameron took advantage of their momentous peace to speak with the elder again. Grateful, she told Dameron where Tekka had gone after leaving the planet, and then left the planet with the rest of her people and the savior. With them safe, Dameron and his squadron retreated from the planet, letting Terex go.
Back on D'Qar, Dameron reported to Organa about the search's next destination and told her of the tracking beacon BB-8 had found attached to his ship. While she put C-3PO on the case to see what he learned through his network, she also paid a generous amount to get Black Squadron inside the privately-owned prison of Megalox Beta so that they could see Grakkus the Hutt-reputed for being a collector of Jedi artifacts. Upon arrival, Dameron and his squadron were greeted by Luta, who gave them a rundown of the prison's rules, and left her men to escort them to the surface. Although they were left to their own devices, Dameron's team found its way to Grakkus' headquarters. However, Dameron soon found out that Terex was already there and had become aware of Dameron's attempts to find the location of Tekka. Grakkus struck a deal with the two of them: he would provide his information to the one who broke him out of the prison.
After speaking with Grakkus, Dameron told Black Squadron that Grakkus knew where Tekka was. However, he told them they had break him free out of prison before Terex. "Snap" asked Dameron how Terex got there first. All Dameron knew was that the F.O.S.B. have ears everywhere. Thus, Dameron and Black Squadron started to plan the escape. He then waited until a group of prisoners started ram the door.
Dameron and the other members of Black Squadron than defended Grakkus's fortress against the prisoners under Papa Toren. Dameron then waited for BB-8 and the other astromechs to disable the prison's gravity field. After BB-8 signaled him, Dameron and the others then turned on their gravity belts. After the prisoners were subdued, Dameron had L'ampar acquire guns. Dameron then went into the fortress and took Grakkus. Dameron then contacted Warden Luta and told him that he knew about his deal with Terex. Dameron was able to convince him to let them return to their fighters and leave with Grakkus on one of Luta's ships. As they left the station, Dameron and the other pilots then engaged with the Carrion Spike. Before Grakkus made his escape, Dameron was then given information on Lor San Tekka. Dameron then returned to D'Qar, where he gave the information to General Organa. Dameron than asked if he would resume his search for Tekka. Organa told him that she had a more important mission for Dameron; to find out who informed Terex about the prison.
Dameron the went to Pheryon. There, he met up with Suralinda Javos, a reporter for the Galaxy Beacon. Dameron and Javos then came under attack by a group of thugs. He and Javo then "borrowed" a Stormsailer to make their escape. Dameron was then told by Javos she was working on a story about the First Order, it's violations of the Galactic Concordance, and increasing it's military's power to destroy the New Republic with it's new weapons. Dameron wanted to know more, but Javos wanted to tell General Organa directly.
Dameron then continued to elude the ships. He and Javos were able to lose in the stormsea. Dameron and Javos then went to a tavern continue their discussion. However, they were then taken by Lieutenant Weel of the First Order Security Bureau with several hooded stormtroopers. Dameron then tried to goad the stormtroopers into fighting him. He was then freed when Javos sprayed acid into Weel's face and took the remaining stormtroopers. Dameron then took Javos to D'Qar. However, Javos had lied about the information and told the truth to both Dameron and Organa.
Following the mission to Pheryon, Dameron worked on his hand-to-hand combat skill. He also chatted with BB-8 and tried to figure out who was traitor in Black squadron. While Dameron regarded L'ampar, Kun, Pava, and Wexley, Dameron was frustrated that he could no longer trust his squadron mates and blamed Terex. After the technician Oddy Muva ran a diagnostic on his X-wing Black One's port stabilizers, Dameron allowed Oddy to fly the Black One as a reward. Shortly later, General Organa dispatched her spymaster C-3PO to enlist Dameron's help in recovering a Resistance spy droid on the Outer Rim world of Kaddak, who had purportedly uncovered a trove of information on the First Order including the location of Supreme Leader Snoke.
The droid had sent a transmission but had been unable to transmit the data. General Organa had ordered C-3PO and Dameron to travel to Kaddak to investigate and if possible to retrieve the operative. To avoid drawing attention, Organa instructed Poe to take C-3PO and another pilot as backup in a shuttle. Since Poe was unable to trust his fellow Black Squadron pilots, he decided to bring Oddy Muva and BB-8 for the mission. The four traveled to Kaddak on an old freighter.
Dameron, BB-8, 3PO, and Muva landed in the Sliver, a city on Kaddak built around a giant crystal. Upon arriving, Poe and his party witnessed an unfortunate individual being thrown to their death. Since Kaddak was a bad place, Poe instructed his team to maintain a low profile so they could find the droid and get out fast. Poe's party visited a cantina in the Sliver's Level 45, which was frequented by various criminal elements including the Guavian Death Gang and Kanjiklub. Poe was present when C-3PO and BB-8 interacted with a mouse droid, who revealed that their spy droid was being held by the Ranc gang, a feared criminal syndicated that dominated Kaddak.
Together, Poe and the group headed to the Ranc gang's base. Upon arriving, Dameron was stunned by a reception staff member. While Poe was unconscious, several Ranc gangsters surrounded his companions. However, C-3PO outmaneuvered them by activating several Resistance spy droids, who forced the gangsters to stand down. As Poe awoke, C-3PO grumbled about exposing a good set of operatives. Poe also assured BB-8 he was allright. Oddy also informed Poe that C-3PO had dispatched the Resistance spy droids to search for their asset, who turned out to be the BX-series droid commando N1-ZX ("Nunzix"). Instead of expressing gratitude, Nunzix chided them for taking too long.
Despite their small victory, Poe and his team ran into a new problem when N1-ZX refused to divulge the information until he had safely been returned to the Resistance base on account of his self-preservation programming. Dameron toyed about giving Nunzix a "Robo-lobotomy" but C-3PO countered that forcibly infiltrating his system would result in a complete memory wipe. Dameron reluctantly agreed to return to D'Qar. Before they could do so, Lord Terex flew over the Sliver in his starship Carrion Spike and placed a bounty on Poe's head. Terex had already retaken control of the Ranc gang. Dameron and his team were attacked by a mob but Poe managed to activate more spy droids to hold the crowd at bay.
Poe and the droids managed to return to their freighter but were separated from Oddy Muva. Since their freighter was not very spaceworthy, Poe had BB-8 open the freighter's cargo bay, which contained his X-wing Black One. Poe and the droids departed on the Black One with C-3PO and N1-ZX riding in storage compartments on the fighter's cargo hull. Poe decided to leave the freighter for Oddy as a get-away vehicle. Unknown to Poe, Terex had allowed him and the droids to escape. Terex's Carrion Spike's sensors were capable of tracking the Black One. Terex also mustered a fleet of "Uglies" to hunt down Poe. Oddy also stowed aboard the Carrion Spike, intent on rescuing his wife Sowa Chuan.
Once in space, Poe got BB-8 to set a course for D'Qar. While traveling through hyperspace, Poe confided in BB-8 and C-3PO his angst about how Terex had been able to keep one step ahead of him. After ruling out the droids, General Organa, and his Black Squadron mates as traitors, Poe realized that their mole was Oddy Muva. In fact, Oddy Muva had been blackmailed by Terex into spying on Black Squadron in order to guarantee the well-being of his wife Sowa Chuan. Poe also realized that the information Nunzix was carrying was part of a ploy by Terex to undermine the Resistance.
After exiting hyperspace, Dameron contacted N1-ZX and voiced his suspicion that Terex had planted disinformation. Shortly later, Poe's X-wing was followed by Terex's flagship Carrion Spike and a fleet of "Uglies". Terex quickly realized that Poe had figured out his plan and ordered the Ranc fighters to destroy his perennial foe. Poe managed to shoot down two enemy "Uglies" before crashlanding on a desert planet.
Poe and the droids survived the crashlanding but N1-ZX's right arm was severed. While BB-8 guided N1-ZX into a cave, Poe carried C-3PO on his back. The group narrowly escaped being incinerated by several "Uglies." Poe decided to bring the group deeper into the cave. Shortly later, Terex led a landing party into the cave in pursuit of Poe and the droids. BB-8 managed to slow down the Ranc gang by collapsing an ice stalactite on top of them but was shot down. During the journey, tensions surfaced between Poe and Nunzix, who was only concerned with safeguarding his own well-being. Despite some misgivings, Poe allowed C-3PO to stay behind in an effort to slow down Terex and his gang.
After Terex got passed C-3PO and stole the droid's memory unit, Poe tried to convince N1-ZX to fight but the droid was unwilling to put himself at risk due to his self-preservation software. In frustration, Poe pointed his blaster at N1-ZX but the droid retorted that doing so would give their position away. When all seemed lost, Poe was contacted by his second-in-command Temmin, who reassured him that Black Squadron had come to his aid. Black Squadron then engaged in a dogfight with the Carrion Spike and Terex's fleet of "Uglies."
With N1-ZX unwilling to fight, Poe contacted Terex, who sent him a droid personality template for his late B1 battle droid Mister Bones. Poe used his comlink to transmit the template onto N1-ZX, who assumed Mister Bones' identity. Mister Bones quickly killed Terex's henchmen before being shot and beheaded by Terex. When Terex dared Poe to come out of hiding, Poe leapt onto Terex from higher ground and threw him to the ground. Poe then confronted Terex with his blaster and vowed to settle scores with him.
However, Terex hurled a dagger at Poe. The dagger pierced Poe's right hand, causing him to drop the gun. Terex then prepared to kill Poe with his vibroblade but was electrocuted by BB-8. Meanwhile, Oddy Muva managed to evacuate his wife and Terex's other slaves in escape pods. Black Squadron provided cover as the escape pods headed to the desert world. During the skirmish, L'ampar was killed when his A-wing was shot down. Still, the Resistance pilots managed to escort Oddy and the escape pods to safety. Terex's fleet was wiped out when First Order forces under Commander Malarus arrived above the desert planet to chastise Terex for insubordination. Terex had disobeyed the Supreme Leader's directive to avoid direct conflict with the New Republic and its aligned forces.
Poe dragged Terex and C-3PO out of the cave. He was greeted by Commander Malarus and several stormtroopers and TIE fighters. To ward off a First Order attack, Dameron instructed Temmin and the other pilots to do a fly over and record everything that happened. Commander Malarus however was not interested in fighting the Resistance and praised Dameron for his political savvy. She then informed him that she had come to arrest Terex. Poe did not object since Terex was his enemy. Before handing Terex over, Dameron taunted Terex about the destruction of his fleet. When Terex countered that Poe had lost one of his pilots, Dameron responded that he had only lost a friend while Terex had lost everything.
At Organa's behest, Dameron and BB-8 went to Tuanul on Jakku to retrieve a map to Skywalker's location from Lor San Tekka, but during the meeting, stormtroopers under the command of Kylo Ren attacked the village. Alerted by BB-8 of their arrival, Dameron and the droid attempted to flee in their X-wing starfighter, but a pair of stormtroopers disabled the engines. Left with no alternative, Dameron gave the map to BB-8 and ordered the astromech to flee, while he remained behind to cover BB-8's escape. After watching the confrontation between Tekka and Ren, Dameron tried to take a shot at Ren, but he caught the blaster bolt in mid-air with the Force. Dameron was subsequently taken prisoner, while the rest of the villagers were slaughtered.
Taken aboard the Resurgent-class Battlecruiser Finalizer, Dameron resisted interrogation until Ren assaulted him with the Force, which eventually caused Dameron to crack about BB-8. Left alone by Ren, a renegade stormtrooper named FN-2187 helped Dameron escape. Together, they stole a TIE/sf space superiority fighter from a hangar bay, with FN-2187 manning the guns while Dameron piloted the fighter, and managed to disable the Finalizer's turbolasers. Upon a disagreement-while FN-2187 wanted to flee the system, Dameron attempted to return to Jakku to retrieve BB-8 and the map-, their TIE fighter was disabled on General Armitage Hux's orders, the blast knocking Dameron out.
Whereas FN-2187, dubbed "Finn" by Dameron, ejected from the TIE shortly before it crashed on the planet's surface, Dameron recovered consciousness just in time to set the craft down more or less intact, and got out of the cockpit before something blew, leaving his jacket behind. Suffering from a concussion and a brief period of memory loss, he moved away from the crash. When he awoke, Dameron found himself alone and set off to find a ship and contact the Resistance, sure that he would be able to reunite with BB-8 with their help. During his journey, he encountered a Jakku native, the Blarina Naka Iit, whom Dameron managed to impress with both his sheer audacity and his piloting skills, such that he agreed to get Dameron to a ship in Blowback Town that would get him back to the Resistance. Dameron hitched a ride from Iit's friend, Ohn Gos to Yavin 4, where he left Black One prior to his mission to Jakku.
Following the destruction of the Hosnian system, Dameron was deployed to lead a squadron of Resistance X-Wing fighters to fend off the First Order garrison attacking Maz Kanata's castle on Takodana. Dameron, piloting the Black One, swooped in dangerously low, attacking at treetop level, and took out parked TIE fighters, clusters of troopers, and support vehicles, firing repeatedly without wasting a single energy burst. The battle ended prematurely when Ren ordered his troops to retreat once he had captured Rey, a scavenger who had seen the map to Skywalker's location.
After returning to the D'Qar base, Dameron was reunited with BB-8 and Finn, who offered to return his jacket. Dameron declined, stating that his jacket suited Finn better. Subsequently, the ex-trooper requested Dameron's help in rescuing his friend Rey, by asking Dameron to take him to meet General Organa. Together, they made it to the conference room, where Finn disclosed what he knew of the First Order superweapon, Starkiller Base. After a reconnaissance flight by Wexley, the Resistance command made the plans to attack the base, assigning Dameron to lead the starfighter attack to the weapon's thermal oscillator.
Upon receiving notice that the Millennium Falcon had landed on Starkiller Base, Organa sent order to deploy the X-wings. Dameron, in the lead, was aboard Black One and assisted by BB-8 once again, and departed D'Qar along his fellow pilots. Once Finn, Han Solo and Chewbacca were able to bring down the thermal oscillator's shields, Dameron was given full authorization to attack, and his team emerged from lightspeed. Ordering his fellow pilots to hit the target as many times as possible with as many runs as they could get, he himself let loose his X-wing's full complement of armament, but they barely damaged the building before a host of TIE fighters moved to engage the X-wing squadrons, as well as deployed seekers.
The ground team, however, planted pyro denton explosives to create an opening in the containment center, which Dameron took advantage of-with the assistance of his squadron, he flew through the opening and caused heavy damage inside, starting a chain reaction that would ultimately destroy Starkiller Base. Dameron escaped the explosion, heading for the outer atmosphere, yet at the order of General Organa to retreat immediately, Dameron refused to leave their friends in the Falcon behind. His fellow pilots concurred, and Dameron gave the order to find them.
After spotting the Falcon leaving Starkiller Base, Dameron called in his teams in relief and reached D'Qar shortly before the old YT-1300 light freighter did. Like BB-8 and many others, he waited for the Falcon as it landed on their base. There, sometime later, Dameron was present for a strategic gathering concerning the map to Skywalker's location, when Skywalker's astromech, R2-D2, awoke and revealed his possession of an incomplete galactic map from the Imperial archives, only completed with BB-8's fragment. In the ensuing celebration, Dameron met Rey, whom he bid farewell along with BB-8, Organa, C-3PO when she departed D'Qar aboard the Millennium Falcon to find Skywalker at the first Jedi temple.
The son of a Rebel pilot and a Rebel commando, Dameron grew up on stories of Alliance campaigns, and while his mother taught him to fly and to love it, his father had taught him that when he committed to doing something, one committed to going all the way or not do it at all. Thanks to them, Dameron developed a strong sense of commitment and duty, but had trouble with the line between his commitment to the Resistance and the commitment to his comrades, willing to disobey a direct order from his superior, General Organa, to make sure that the Millennium Falcon safely left Starkiller Base before its imminent destruction.
Noted to be a "bad liar" by fellow comrades much to his indignation, Dameron had a headstrong nature which often led him into trouble, and a proud countenance that, those who did not know him, could mistake for arrogance. Confident in his skills and in his mission, he sometimes displayed an impatience that arose only from a desire to fulfill the task at hand. While daring with an appetite for risk as well as somewhat foolish, Leia Organa once noted that his need to do what was right and "maybe find a little adventure along the way", coupled with his outstanding piloting skills, reminded her of her brother, Luke Skywalker.
Dameron regarded his fellow pilots Karé Kun, Jess Pava, L'ulo L'ampar, and Temmin Wexley, and the technician Oddy Muva as close friends that he could trust. Poe was also adventurous and willing to risk danger such as when he entered the Cave of the Crèche. Dameron treated his hosts with respect. Dameron's selfless and concern for the well-being of others led him to surrender himself to the First Order Agent Terex in an attempt to save the Crèche egg. As a commander, Dameron was a fair-minded and just leader who gave his Black Squadron mates ample room to improvise. Poe regarded his astromech droid BB-8 as a close friend who would aid him in combat and someone he could confide with. Poe was also magnanimous in victory and allowed Terex and his men to leave following the Mission to Ovanis. This was also tempered by Dameron's unwillingness to provoke war between the First Order and the Resistance.
Dameron and his Black Squadron mates' devotion to the Resistance cause led them to risk life and limb on several occasions including the Mission to Megalox Beta. Poe and his comrades managed to fight their way to Grakkus the Hutt's fortress despite being double-crossed by the prison guards. When faced with competition from Terex, Poe showed resilience and ingenuity as a commander. He got BB-8 and the other astromech droids to lower Megalox prison's gravity shield; eliminating opposition from Terex and convincing Grakkus to accept their rescue offer.
After learning there was a spy within the Resistance ranks, Dameron found himself unable to trust his Black Squadron mates despite regarding them as friends. Poe was also willing to walk into danger in an effort to recover information for the Resistance. During a Mission to Kaddak, Poe was only saved from capture by the efforts of C-3PO. While Poe was able to work well with droids like BB-8 and C-3PO, he found the BX-series droid commando "Nunzix" self-serving and irritating due to the droid's strong self-preservation mechanism. Poe was annoyed that the droid refused to disclose the information in his memory banks. Poe had little patience with Nunzix and expressed annoyance at the droid commando's unwillingness to fight; overlooking the fact that the droid had lost one of his arms. Poe's irritation with Nunzix was reinforced by his suspicion that the information Nunzix was carrying was a trap set by Terex.
Due to their repeated encounters on several missions, Dameron came to regard Terex as a nemesis and blamed him for sowing distrust among his Black Squadron pilots. Poe was determined to root out the spy and eventually realized that the spy was Oddy Muva; who had been blackmailed by Terex into spying on the Resistance. Despite his hatred for Terex, Dameron did not seek to destroy the First Order agent and instead handed him back to his First Order superiors. While Dameron grieved the loss of one of his pilots L'ampar, he took comfort in the fact that Terex's Ranc gang fleet had been destroyed.
Though brash, Dameron had great charisma and limitless respect for the founders of the Resistance, particularly Leia Organa. Dameron's fellow pilots joked that if the Resistance had recruitment posters, Dameron would triple their numbers with his dashing bravado alone. Unlike many starfighter pilots, Dameron delighted in atmospheric missions, soaring through skies and skimming the surfaces of planets.
Confident in his piloting skills, Dameron flew starships since he was six years old, and by the age of 32, he had became the most daring and skilled of the Resistance pilots. He was a decorated X-wing pilot who could fly anything, managing to familiarize himself with a TIE/sf fighter's controls in a matter of minutes and under pressure, as well as with a Pinnacle-class luxury ship. During the Battle on Takodana, he showed to be skilled enough to fire repeatedly without wasting a single energy burst and destroy multiple First Order assets. In addition to his piloting skills, Dameron was a capable infantryman.
L'ampar once observed that Dameron trusted his subordinates to figure things out on their own rather than give them bad orders, and saw it as the mark of a good commander. Dameron was also skilled in hand to hand combat which he used against the First Order and criminal proxies on several occasions. On a few occasions, Poe was saved from the jaws of defeat by his indefatigable and loyal droid companion BB-8. was Poe was also known to practise with unarmed combat during his free time. Poe could also fly a rundown freighter, which he once used on an undercover mission.
A speaker of Galactic Basic, Dameron also understood Binary, and thus had no need for reading BB-8's translated speech in a console to understand what the astromech said while plugged into his starfighter.
20/Jul/2018 03:27:31 Posted by Jor
Just 6D for Starfighter Piloting and Gunnery?
20/Jul/2018 08:17:57 Posted by Freddy
Yeah, I also gave Han Solo 6D for his stats at Solo: A Star Wars Story. This is Poe at the start of Force Awakens, he's pretty darn good, but he's not a legend yet.
His stats are about 1D higher in the ones we did for him during The Last Jedi.
Given we've now found out he's not just another pilot, but he's pretty senior, I'd maybe of given him higher skills, but then again his brilliance during the battle at the end of the movie could just be judicious use of Force Points.
Stats by FreddyB, Descriptive Text from WookieePedia
Image Copyright LucasArts

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


After years of delays, the first flights from Qatar's Hamad International Airport took off this morning. Inside the gleaming, $17 billion structure, which replaces the aging Doha Airport, travelers are treated to a slew of new public art works, sponsored by the Qatar Museums Authority.
The series of installations will be unveiled over the course of the next year as airport construction is completed, expanding passenger capacity from 30 million per year to 50 million per year. The offering includes works and site-specific projects by international stars such as Adel Abdessemed, Maurizio Cattelan, Damien Hirst, Marc Quinn, Anselm Reyle, Rudolf Stingel, and Bill Viola. The first project to be unveiled is Urs Fischer's Lamp Bear.
Local artists are represented as well. Among them, Farah Duham has painted a series of large scale murals and a sculpture by Ali Hassan will soon be installed.
The project took over five years to develop. It is the latest effort by the Qatar Museums Authority, which is headed by Sheikha Al Mayassa Bint Hamad Bin Khalifa Al Thani and is widely recognized as the most significant buyer of art worldwide. Last year, the organization is estimated to have purchased or commissioned over $1 billion in art.
That makes it responsible for over two percent of the art industry's global economic impact, according to TEFAF Report figures. That percentage does not even factor in ancillary effects the organization produces via employment and other art-related expenditures, which are included in TEFAF's findings.
"In Qatar, culture is at the heart of its human and national development," said a Qatar Museums Authority official in a statement regarding their ongoing commitment to investing in the arts. The organization, which seeks to expand the experience of art outside of museum walls, has recently unvieled numerous other public installations such as Richard Serra's East-West/West-East, located in the Brouq Nature Reserve, Damien Hirst's The Miraculous Journey at the Sidra Medical and Research Center, and Louise Bourgeois' Maman within the Qatar National Convention Center.


text:
Veronika Didusenko (Kiev, 12 de julio de 1995) es una modelo y reina de la belleza ucraniana que fue coronada como Miss Ucrania 2018. Posteriormente fue despojada de su título y se le prohibió competir en el concurso de Miss Mundo, ya que había estado casada y tenía un hijo de cinco años.

Primeros años y educación
Didusenko nació y creció en Kiev, en el seno de una familia de empresarios privados. Desde muy joven practicó bailes de salón y asistió a clubes deportivos. Estudió en una escuela pública del distrito de Darnytskyi de Kiev, donde fue una alumna sobresaliente.

En 2012, Didusenko pasó a estudiar Mecánica y Matemáticas en la Universidad de Kiev, donde defendió su trabajo "Sistemas de pulsos para la resolución de ecuaciones lineales integrodiferenciales" y se licenció en 2016.

Carrera profesional

Modelaje
Didusenko comenzó su carrera como modelo a los 18 años. Admitió que "se metió en el mundo del modelaje por casualidad". Su vecino era un cazatalentos de Faces, una de las mejores agencias de modelos de Ucrania. Durante los primeros cinco años de su carrera como modelo, Didusenko pasó mucho tiempo en París, Milán y Londres, trabajando con marcas mundiales como Maison Margiela, Escada, Pat McGrath y John Galliano, entre otras. También ha trabajado con Women Management Milano para el desfile de Escada. Veronika Didusenko es la cara célebre de Zarina, una de las mayores empresas de joyería de Ucrania.

Miss Ucrania 2018
En septiembre de 2018, Veronika Didusenko se convirtió en la ganadora del certamen Miss Ucrania 2018, el concurso de la etapa preliminar a Miss Mundo, Miss Tierra y Miss Internacional. La ganadora de Miss Ucrania pasa a representar a su país en el Miss Mundo. Se cree que, además de su aspecto y personalidad, los miembros del jurado quedaron impresionados por su proyecto benéfico Young Einsteins Ukraine.

Sin embargo, sólo unas horas después de recibir el título, Veronika Didusenko fue descalificada por el Comité Organizador, por la supuesta razón de ser madre de un hijo de 4 años y divorciada. Didusenko no fue la primera madre en ganar el título de Miss Ucrania, pero sí la primera en ser descalificada. Para explicar el motivo de la descalificación, el Comité Organizador apeló a las reglas de Miss Mundo, de la que Miss Ucrania es miembro y franquicia nacional. Según las reglas de Miss Mundo, las concursantes y las titulares "no deben estar casadas ni haber tenido hijos".

Tras la descalificación, dio una rueda de prensa en la que afirmó que las normas de los cuatro grandes concursos de belleza internacionales eran discriminatorias. La noticia de la descalificación de Didusenko tuvo una amplia cobertura en los medios de comunicación internacionales. La historia apareció en Fox News, Cosmopolitan, New York Post o BBC Esto le valió a Didusenko miles de seguidores en todo el mundo y la convirtió en una celebridad mediática.

Young Einsteins Ukraine
Young Einsteins Ukraine es un proyecto benéfico iniciado y dirigido por Veronika Didusenko, cuyo objetivo es identificar a niños huérfanos con una inclinación excepcional por las matemáticas y las ciencias naturales, con el fin de impartirles un plan de estudios especial para desarrollar sus capacidades y prepararlos para el acceso a la universidad.

Vida personal
Veronika Didusenko tiene un hijo, Alexander, de su primer matrimonio. Se quedó embarazada a los 18 años.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Alumnado de la Universidad de Kiev
Modelos femeninas de Ucrania
Nacidos en Kiev

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
AgriLand: We're 4 years old today!
AgriLand Team
Jun 24, 2017, 2:00pm
Since our launch four years ago, AgriLand has gone from strength-to-strength – becoming Ireland's largest and fastest-growing dedicated digital publisher in the agricultural space.
We have built a loyal, engaged and rapidly-growing audience of in excess of 300,000 monthly readers who rely on us for the latest news and information from the agricultural sector. To each and every one of you, thank you so much for your custom.
We are now also working with most of the progressive, agricultural companies and providers operating in Ireland. We have revolutionised how brands can communicate with their target audience; to them we would also like to express our thanks and appreciation.
As we are constantly developing our offerings to the farmers of Ireland, earlier this year we launched our AgriLand Factory Price Toolkit – to provide farmers with valuable information on beef prices and how prices vary across factories – as well as historical information.
Due to this rapid growth, our editorial team has expanded substantially in order to keep up with the fast-paced nature of the Irish agricultural sector.
At the beginning of March, we were delighted to announce the appointment of Jim Breen as editor.
In the coming weeks we will announce a number of new appointments to the team, as we continue to invest in both staff and technology – to meet the growing demand for quality editorial content.
Speaking about our recent expansion, Cormac Farrelly, AgriLand's Managing Director, said: "It is amazing to think that as little as four years ago, the agricultural industry was reliant on print publications and supplements for information.
In fact, most people suggested to me at the time that farmers would never do digital.
"In that period of time, we have witnessed the continued decline in circulation of print newspapers and AgriLand has become the largest, dedicated agricultural news publisher by audience in the country.
"It is also a reflection of how successful we have been, whereby all the traditional print news publishers in the agricultural space are now racing to catch up with us – having now changed their model to digital-first news publishing.
"It makes the team very proud that our news app remains the most downloaded farming app each month. It is a reflection of our ethos of giving farmers the information they need, rather than telling them how to farm.
"We intend to continue to innovate to keep farmers up to date with the latest news, pricing and information. I'd like to take this opportunity to thank both our readers and customers for their continued support, and look forward to the next four years."
From all the team at AgriLand, thank you for your continued support.
Fancy a change of career? Check out the latest available jobs in the agri-sector
Agriland Agriland App


text:
Q: RegExp for 0-255 in flutter i have a TextFormField and want to use the validator. Only numbers from 0-255 should be allowed. Therefore I need to know how you write 0-255 in RegExp. !RegExp(XXX).hasMatch(value)) {...
I have to paste it there, where XXX stands right now.
I googled the redexp syntax for 0-255: /\b([01]?[0-9][0-9]?|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])
However flutter throws a lot of errors.
What do i have to do?
Max

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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How Pie Town uses axle ai MAM for remote post-production
Written by tammy planchart
Remote 'smarter media' workflows allow 60-person post production team to work effectively throughout COVID transition; axle ai software replaced legacy MAM.
Ever since the pandemic started, many of us have been working from home. At Pie Town Productions, a 25-year-old TV production company based in North Hollywood, they've been working from "home" for over two decades. That's because they produce many of the well-known house renovation/flipping programs on HGTV, including House Hunters, Flip or Flop, Flipping 101 with Tarek El Moussa, and Christina on the Coast. The company is one of Greater LA's most successful and prosperous reality shops.
Yet even Pie Town had to adjust when COVID-19 obligated everyone to "shelter in place," forcing the vast majority of its staff to work remotely. Fortunately, they had implemented axle ai software to manage all their media, which comprises 100 terabytes of online/work-in-progress clips stored on Avid NEXIS Pro shared storage, and another 200 terabytes of near-line data on a NAS (network attached storage) system. Axle's web-based user interface is engineered to be accessible from anywhere on any device. Further, axle enables them to select clips from low-resolution proxy media, with final rendering occurring back on the servers, to avoid having to transfer huge files back and forth during postproduction sessions.
"With axle in place, we can now all look at the same clip, at the same time," explains Dana Besnoy, Pie Town's SVP of Post Production. "Axle has connected us in a way we didn't realize was possible when we all started scampering out of the building at the start of the pandemic."
Pie Town has a very busy schedule, shooting three to five full episodes of House Hunters per week in addition to its local productions. In all, they produce about 200-300 episodes of reality and lifestyle programming per year. The raw footage is copied to the NAS at the end of each shoot, and axle ai automatically generates a low-res proxy, which is then available to the entire team. In all, between 40 and 60 Pie Town employees access axle ai on a daily basis.
"This allows all of our departments to access and review media with their needs in mind. Production can review for camera/audio concerns and/or crew feedback. Story can get a head start on their string out. And Post can access clips needed for transcription," notes Besnoy. "Axle has been a great tool for tying us all together."
Like many post houses, Pie Town's post production workflow uses Avid Media Composer 2018 as their nonlinear editor, with the editors working in a fully Mac environment, and must accommodate a wide variety of original camera formats. "We're able to accept almost any format that comes from the field; we accept any Sony camera, any Canon camera. Most of our internal equipment is ENG-style workhorse and digital cinema.
Not surprisingly, Pie Town has been leveraging media asset management (MAM) technology for some time now. They were pioneers with Apple Final Cut Server and, when that product's development was terminated, they transitioned to another MAM for nearly a decade. However, notes Besnoy, that approach hit a roadblock, because the high operating costs and user complexity were a bad match for their needs, and maintaining it was getting more difficult over time. "We made the easy decision to switch to axle; we have millions and millions of digital assets that we need to maintain as an ongoing, growing, organic digital library, and transitioning to axle just made sense," she explains. "It's user-friendly; straight out of the box, it works; setup was seamless and transitioning and transferring our assets from our old MAM to axle took under a week."
"Axle has been a great MAM solution for us; we've been using it for about a year now, and our user base tends not to be highly technical, so the UI of axle is perfect for them," she observes. "I've gotten many compliments from our users that its ease of use is superior to our previous MAM."
axle.ai (https://axle.ai) – We make media smarter. Axle.ai is the recognized leader in developing radically simple media management software. Its solutions have helped over 700 organizations improve the way they create, share and store digital video content with media management solutions that are easy to install, use and afford. axle's radically simple software uniquely addresses a burgeoning need and has caught on rapidly among video professionals in post-production, education, broadcast, corporate, sports, house of worship, non-profit, advertising-marketing, and government organizations worldwide. Axle.ai, Inc. is a privately held company; its founders have extensive industry experience in media asset management for creative applications. Investors include Stadia Ventures, Jason Calacanis's LAUNCH accelerator and Quake Capital. You can invest in axle ai on Republic through Sept. 27th – republic.co/axle-ai. The company is also exhibiting at next week's virtual TechCrunch Disrupt conference. Learn more at https://axle.ai and http://www.connectr.ai.
About the author: tammy planchart
View all posts by tammy planchart
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'Maleficent' Gets A Release Date, 'Ender's Game' Release Pushed Back
04-09-12 • Film Posted by NickBungay
Disney, the studio that's been making movies about princesses for years, may finally be exploring the "dark side" of their universe with Maleficent. Starring Angelina Jolie, the film is a re-telling of the fairytale classic Sleeping Beauty from the viewpoint of the evil fairy Maleficent, hence the name. Duh.
The film will be a first for visual effects artist Robert Stromberg, who is taking over for former director Tim Burton after he left to persue Dark Shadows. Because it is the first time that Stromberg will be wielding the power of the director's chair, it might take a while to shoot. With a story that's told from the vantage point of the villain and what led her to curse Princess Aurora, this live-action adaptation is projected for a March 14th, 2014 release.
Although waiting just shy of two years feels like an eternity, it's nothing compared to the wait we've already had for Orsen Scott Card's Ender's Game. And it's going to be just a tad longer – find out why after the jump.
Even with Ender's Game stars Asa Butterfield, Harrison Ford, Ben Kingsley, Viola Davis, Hailee Steinfeld, and Abigail Breslin already prepped for their roles in the long awaited live-action adaptation, it's sadly going to be a little while longer until we see results.
Originally promising a March 15th, 2013 release, director Gavin Hood has unfortunately had to push it back until November 1st, 2013. Now, before fans start bitching that Ender's Game may become the Duke Nukem of movies, they should know it's not like the guy isn't trying.
Until then, don't start freaking out until the studio starts delaying the film into 2014.
Sources: Geek Tyrant (Maleficent), Geek Tyrant (Ender's Game)
Tags: Abigail Breslin, Angelina Jolie, Asa Butterfield, ben kingsley, Enders Game, Film, Gavin Hood, hailee steinfeld, Harrison ford, maleficent, Robert Stromberg, Tim-Burton, Viola Davis


text:
function P = verwrk_p(verwrk_file);
%  P = verwrk_p(verwrk_file)
%   Parameter initialisation of model verwrk
%   P   Parameter list
%
% Stimela, 2004

% © Kim van Schagen,

%Check if given file exists
verwrk_fileEcht = chckFile(verwrk_file);
if ~verwrk_fileEcht
    error(['Cannot find parameterfile ''' verwrk_file ''' .']);
else
  %Get Parameter data (evaluate entries, and limits) and return real data
  P = st_getPdata(verwrk_fileEcht, 'verwrk');
end

%%% MODEL-SPECIFIC => %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Fill parameter list with precalculated parameters
% eg. P.CalData = P.Ex1*P.Ex2;

%%% <= MODEL-SPECIFIC %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub