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TALKERS | February 24, 2012
Big Promotion for John Hogan; Exec Moves Up to Chairman and CEO for Clear Channel Media and Entertainment. Clear Channel Media Holdings continues to express its confidence in the man who was promoted from COO to president and CEO of Clear Channel Radio in 2002 after the departure of Randy Michaels. In announcing John Hogan's promotion and contract extension through 2015, the company touts Hogan's record of developing the creative and successful integration of sales, promotional and programming initiatives across multiple platforms. Clear Channel CEO Bob Pittman states, "Under John's strong leadership and vision, Clear Channel Media and Entertainment has integrated the company's assets so that it is today the leading media and entertainment company in the U.S. with a greater reach than any other radio or television outlet. It provides a one-of-a-kind national platform for partners in addition to the powerful local activation market by market and demo by demo." Hogan says, "I am pleased and honored to be named to this position, which is a clear endorsement of the soundness of our strategy, the value of our assets, and the depth of the incredible team we are building here. I appreciate the energy and vision that Bob Pittman has brought to the organization and look forward to pursuing with Bob the vision we share as we continue to push the boundaries of the definition of entertainment, giving our audience what they want now and in the future."
Bill Thomas Out as Market Manager at Cumulus Birmingham. Cumulus Media Group regional manager John Walker is set to oversee the Birmingham cluster in addition to his responsibility for the Huntsville stations after the departure of Bill Thomas. There's no reason to believe that the ongoing legal battle between WJOX-FM, Birmingham personality Paul Finebaum and the company is the sole reason for Thomas' exit but the possibility exists that Thomas' role in how the situation was handled could have been a factor. Remember that Finebaum claims he was strong-armed by Thomas into signing a contract amendment that was less beneficial to him. That set the legal wheels in motion that includes Cumulus' recent decision to countersue Finebaum claiming he violated his contract by engaging in negotiations with a competitor and sharing confidential company information.
Journal Broadcast Group Reports Positive Q4; Slight Uptick for 2011. On the strength of increasing automotive in the fourth quarter of 2011, Journal Broadcast Group reports a revenue increase of 2.3%. For the entire year, Journal's revenue rose 1.6% on $70.4 million compared to 2010. While those numbers aren't staggering, they beat the negative reports that had become so common over the past few years. Interestingly, unlike many other radio groups, Journal notes the fourth quarter of 2011 was its best quarter.
Phil Hendrie Ends Local KFI, Los Angles Saturday Show; Busy TV Schedule Cited. Los Angeles-based radio and television talent Phil Hendrie tweets to fans he is ending his KFI, Los Angeles-only Saturday evening show after this weekend's performance due to the increasing amount of TV work he's getting combined with his nightly radio show syndicated by Talk Radio Network. Radio trade AllAccess.com reports it has confirmed the news. Hendrie is doing voice work on Fox Television's "Napoleon Dynamite" and has upcoming work on Fox's "New Girl." Hendrie thanks KFI program director Robin Bertolucci and the KFI staff for their help with the weekend show.
CBS Radio's WQYK, Tampa Changes Midday Show. "The King David Show" featuring Toby David and former Tampa Bay Buccaneers quarterback Shaun King is off the air at CBS Radio's 1010 Sports (WQYK), according to the Tampa Bay Times' Tom Jones. Jones reports that WQYK assistant program director Mike Pepper says the station is airing Yahoo! Sports' Tim Brando in the 12:00 noon to 3:00 pm slot for now but would like to fill that hole with a local show. The station needs time to find the right show. He didn't rule out either David or King being part of the station in the future. Toby David tells the paper, "I appreciated the time I worked with Shaun and have a great amount of respect for him. I also enjoyed working at CBS Radio and have nothing but the utmost respect for those people and I hope to land on my feet locally."
CCME Announces National Imaging Team. Clear Channel Media and Entertainment organizes the imaging of its radio formats under the Kelly Doherty-led National Programming Platforms group. The function of this reorganization is to create 15 format-specific imaging coordinator positions and those experts will "produce and distribute compelling and diverse on-air promotional audio spots for Clear Channel's National Programming initiatives, including format-specific creative efforts across iHeartRadio, Artist Integration Programs and large-scale contests and events including the iHeartRadio Music Festival." Doherty states, "This team includes the top producers in each format. The talent, expertise and ingenuity that this new Imaging Team brings together is unmatched and I am excited to lead such a top-notch group." Scott Stanley is named news/talk imaging coordinator and Bob Schmidt is the sports imaging coordinator.
Thaddeus Matthews Off the Air at WPLX, Memphis After Court Ruling. The case involving Memphis talk host Thaddeus Matthews and WPLX, Memphis owner William Pollack took another turn recently after Chancellor Arnold Goldin of the Shelby County Court denied an injunction Matthews had sought to continue broadcasting his program on WPLX. Matthews made national news with a YouTube broadcast video of his on-air encounter with Republican congressional candidate Charlotte Bergmann which ended with Matthews refusing to shake Bergmann's hand because he didn't want her "whiteness" to rub off on him. According to The Commercial Appeal, last week's court ruling revolved around a dispute over money owed by Matthews to Pollack. Matthews leases the time from Pollack and the latter claims he's owed in excess of $85,000 in fees. Matthews disputes that figure and vows to continue his legal battle while broadcasting his program on the internet.
Rob Otto Joins WCAR, Livonia, Michigan in Sports Director Role. Detroit sports media pro Rob Otto joins Birach Broadcasting's WCAR, Livonia (west of Detroit) as sports director for the reformatted station positioned as ESPN 1090, according to Michiguide.com. The site reports Otto "will also be tasked with providing local, on-air sports updates for WCAR and helping the station establish local programming and marketing. He'll also be moving his sports-related blog from MLive.com to ESPN 1090's website at espn1090.com." Otto has worked in the Detroit market at WXYT-FM, WWJ, WDFN and WHMI-FM.
Opinion: Talk Host Phil Valentine Says Prohibition of Ethnic References Reeks of Controlling the Language. Nashville-based Dial Global syndicated talk host Phil Valentine responds to TALKERS sports editor Richard Neer's column (When it Comes to Ethnic Slurs, Just Don't Go There, 2/23/12) that in this age of political correctness, what is said or written in the media – the ESPN/Jeremy Lin case is a great example – doesn't have to actually be offensive, it just has to sound that way. Read Phil's column here.
GOP Primary Race/2012 Presidential Campaign Top News/Talk Story for Week of February 20 – 24. The GOP primary race and the 2012 presidential campaign tied atop the Talkers TenTM chart of the most-talked-about stories on news/talk radio this week. The primary and the issues surrounding the campaign that leads up to the November 5 general election were #1 for the fourth consecutive week. Landing at #2 was Iran's nuclear ambitions. At #3 was rising gas prices at U.S. pumps and at #4 was the protest in Afghanistan over the desecration of Korans at a U.S. base. The Talkers TenTM chart of the top stories and people discussed on news/talk radio is published each week at Talkers.com and is the result of ongoing research from TALKERS. See the entire chart here.
TALKERS Weekly Affiliation Roundup. Dial Global's "Overnight America with Jon Grayson" picks up KFWB, Los Angeles for the 10:00 pm to 3:00 am slot…..Cumulus Media Networks' "Red Eye Radio" is added for the overnight slot at WPRO, Providence….."Motley Fool Money" with host Chris Hill adds KPQ, Wenatchee, Washington and KPSF, Palm Springs – Money Radio 1200.
TALKERS | February 6, 2012
WLS, Chicago Receives $44k Notice of Apparent Liability for Improper Ad Content. The Cumulus Media news/talk station admitted to airing content during the spring of 2009 paid for by Workers Independent News in the form of 90-second spots, 15-second promotional announcements and several long-form programs. The issue was whether the content was properly identified as sponsored content. (The violation took place while WLS was still owned and operated by Citadel Broadcasting, which does not alleviate Cumulus of responsibility.) The text cited here by the commission illustrates the issue. In this newsy-sounding segment listeners heard: "Workers Independent News, I'm Doug Cunningham. As Federal Economic Stimulus dollars flow to Chicago, State Representative Joe Lyons says it's more critical than ever that the State put together a capital bill to take maximum advantage of the stimulus to put Chicago back to work." Cumulus argued the "Workers Independent News" phrase was sufficient to identify the content as paid for. The FCC disagreed saying, "Since the subject matter of the 11 announcements at issue related to a state legislative issue impacting the local economy of Chicago, it would not have been apparent to listeners from the announcements themselves that they were sponsored programming, even if commercial programming preceded and succeeded the 11spots. In addition, the name 'Workers Independent News,' content, format and duration of the announcements were not consistent with typical commercial matter." The FCC levied a $4,000 fine for each of the 11 instances for a grand total of $44,000.
Beasley Broadcast Group Announces Net Income Gain. The news for Beasley was a mixed bag. During the fourth quarter of 2011 revenue was down by $1.8 million compared to the same quarter one year ago but a drop in interest expense allowed the company to realize a 1.7% gain in net income. In a statement, chairman and CEO George Beasley said, "Radio advertising remained relatively stable despite widespread economic concerns and volatility in the capital markets throughout the year. Importantly, during the fourth quarter and throughout 2011, we continued to make progress across the organization in enhancing operating efficiencies and maintaining a disciplined approach to spending. Overall, the industry recorded seven consecutive quarters of growth through the third quarter of 2011 which underscores our belief that radio remains both resilient and highly relevant in a digital world." For Beasley, and most other radio operators for that matter, national business was the problem with a drop of almost 24%.
Talk Host Doc Thompson Out at WRVA, Richmond. The talk host who, until very recently was doing PM drive at Clear Channel's WRVA, Richmond and the late morning show at the company's WLW, Cincinnati, is not working at either after announcing Friday evening on his Facebook page he's off WRVA. Thompson was let go from WLW – while on his honeymoon – as that station made changes to its lineup and now, eight days later, he loses his Richmond gig. Thompson is positive, though, writing: "I am no longer hosting my Richmond show. In the world of radio broadcasting… sometimes these things just happen. As I said earlier in the week it will all work out for the best and I am blessed." Thompson and his new bride – WHIO-TV, Dayton reporter Yuna Lee – recently relocated to Ohio. They met while both working in Richmond and Lee found a reporter's job in Ohio so the two could make the move to be closer to WLW.
Jason Jackson New Midday Host at WAXY, Miami. The Lincoln Financial Media sports talk station announces longtime Miami sports personality Jason Jackson hosts the new 1:00 pm to 3:00 pm daily program on WAXY, Miami. Jackson is known in the market for his work at WSVN-TV and on Sun Sports coverage of the NBA's Miami Heat in which he hosts pre-game, halftime and post-game shows as well as provides courtside analysis. Prior to his work with the Heat he worked for ESPN. WAXY program director Marc Hochman says, "Adding Jason Jackson to the lineup solidifies 790 The Ticket's standing as the destination for outstanding sports talk radio in South Florida. Jason adds more strength to our existing lineup and bolsters our commitment to the highest quality of sports talk radio in South Florida." Jackson takes over for "The Sports Brothers" – Ed Freeman and Jeff Fox.
Controversial Memphis Host Thaddeus Matthews Returns to Air After Battle with Licensee. Talk host and local political lightning rod Thaddeus Matthews leases WPLX, Memphis from owner Bill Pollack and Matthews' recent, news-making on-air spat with Republican congressional candidate Charlotte Bergman was the incident that caused Pollack to shut off the transmitter on the afternoon of February 1. Matthews returned to the air Friday, February 2 after getting a judge to issue a temporary restraining order to force Pollack to turn the transmitter back on. The back story went viral via YouTube but here it is in a nutshell: Matthews was interviewing African-American Republican candidate Bergman on his show. When she didn't answer questions to his liking, he lashed out at her in a raw, epithet-filled tirade and finally refused to shake her hand for fear her "whiteness might rub off" on him. WPLX is positioned as a blues station but Matthews' talk show airs every afternoon. Matthews tells WHBQ-TV, Memphis his LMA includes and option to buy the station which he intends to do.


The Tour 04 Day Classic Inca Trail to Machu Picchu is an unforgettable experience that combines beautiful high-mountain landscapes, cloud forests, and subtropical forests along a stone pathway that leads you to the lost city of Machu Picchu.
Inkayni Peru Tours offers DAILY DEPARTURE, as long as we have a minimum of 2 hikers. We can leave any day of the week as long as permits are available from the government. Please remember, permits are only needed for your START DATE. Check Inca trail availibility: Inca Trail Availability.
Pickup from your hotel at 5:00Transfer to km 82 ( 2720 m / 8923 Ft ).Hiking the Inca Trail Archaeological site of kanabamba, Llactapata ( quechua names )Lunch at Taray village at 1.30 pm aproxx.Camping in Wayllabamba ( 3300 meters / 10829 ft )Walking distance 12 km.
Wake up time & breakfastSurvive the highest mountain (Dead Women Pass), great viewsLunch and siestaTea time or high teaWalking distance: 9 km.
Wake up time & breakfastInca cities and original inca pathFirst view of Machu Pichcu Mountain We will get to visit Winayhuayna Inca ruins.Walking distance: 16km.
Hiking to Inti Punku the "Sun Gate"Guided tour in Machu PicchuClimb to huayna Picchu ( book it in advance )Descend to Aguas Calientes for lunchTrain from Aguas Calientes to OllantaytamboTransfer from Ollantaytambo to CuscoWalking distance 6 km.
After breakfast we will travel to the starting location of the trail, known as kilometer 82. This first day is relatively easy going and smooth as we move along visiting ruins such as the city of Llactapata. This ruin, constructed at the foot of a mountain, was a very important center that had administrative, economic, and religious functions. We will also visit Willkarakay, a military post located above the site of Patallacta.
From here onward to Phuyupatamarca we will enter the high Andean cloud forest, a marvelous display of Nature's beauty. Here the trail continues a narrow ridge until arriving to the pass of Phuyupatamarka, a natural viewing area where it is possible to see the Sacred Valley and numerous mountain peaks, as well as our final destination of Machu Picchu. From here we will descend to our last campsite, passing a very important archaeological site and temple designated for offerings to the sacred mountain spirits of the area, as well as a large terraced area for agriculture. Slightly beyond is our campsite for the night, Wiñayhuayna.
You will meet your guide in Aguas Calientes for lunch and to be given your train tickets back to Cusco. Included in our service is the tourist bus from Machu Picchu down to Aguas Calientes, return on the train from Aguas Calientes to Ollantaytambo where you will be collected and taken by bus back to Cusco.
If desired, an extra night in Aguas Calientes can be arranged. This option is very popular as it allows more time to explore Machu Picchu. You can also go to the thermal springs in the town – a real treat after finishing the trail. Also, you can do Cusco City Tours to acclimatize better before your hike.
Personal porter to carry 13.23 lbs/ 06kg.
Water (excluding the first day of the trek when you need to bring your own).


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By Sursion - 12/11/2009 17:34 - Canada
Today, I was talking to a friend of mine over webcam, when I saw a scary looking man in a grey hoodie creeping around in the background. I loudly proclaimed "Paige! Who is that creepy looking guy behind you?" Turns out it was her mom. She heard everything. FML
By Anonymous - 12/10/2012 01:51 - Canada - Toronto
Today, I'd stayed up all night to finish a detailed report. By the time I'd printed it I was late for work so I jumped in my car. Driving down the street, I saw my papers fly off the roof of my car. It was raining out. FML
By sandyc - 23/05/2021 22:01
Today, I just got my first period. My mother has been dead for years and my stepmother genuinely wishes I was dead, so who am I supposed to tell? FML
By Nykole McAllister - 15/09/2018 17:30 - United States - Baltimore
Today, I was talking to a nice guy on a dating app and we exchanged numbers. Later, I got a call. It was his wife asking me to stop talking to her husband. FML
By fed up - 23/08/2018 23:30
Today, I bought a different car because I was having to constantly repair my old one. On the way home from the dealer, the check engine light came on. FML
In the words of Shaggy...
By WasntMe - 28/05/2018 20:30
Today, my husband went through my phone and computer, accusing me of cheating. Baffled and hurt by the untrue accusation, I asked what he found that made him think that. He replied, "Nothing! Absolutely nothing!" Apparently, no evidence IS evidence. FML
Today, the kids I babysit hid from me. While I was looking for them, I stepped on multiple strategically-placed Lego bricks. When I yelped from the pain, the kids jumped out and threw soccer balls in my face. FML
By toilet on the clock - 08/06/2016 10:40 - China - Guangzhou
Today, I learned that the three secretaries at work make spreadsheets about who uses the toilets, when and for how long, and then make bets on who will take the longest toilet break, who will use it the most often, etc. Now I constantly look at my watch whenever I use the toilets. FML
By shoelace18 - 06/09/2009 04:19 - Canada
Today, my 5 year old swallowed her loose tooth, which she was going put under her pillow for the toothfairy. My wife then told her 'what goes in must come out'. And now everytime she does number 2, she makes me dig for her lost tooth. FML
Today, both my mom and I are very ill, while her boyfriend is perfectly fine. Somehow, this means that I'm the one having to take care of my mom, myself, the household and 6 pets, while he does nothing, goes on trips and leaves dirt all over the house when he's here. FML
By needanotherbed - 28/05/2014 14:21 - United Kingdom - Ipswich
Today, I climbed into bed with my sleeping boyfriend after a long shift at work. He immediately rolled over, clamped my leg between his knees, and started viciously humping it. This is the fourth time now, and he still doesn't believe that he even does it. FML
Family heirloom
Today, I got the dress I gave to a tailor to replace a broken zipper back. When I tried it on, I discovered that they'd cut at least 4 inches of fabric, and being skinny, there's no way I can ever fit into it. It's from the 1950's, inherited from my late grandma, who in turn inherited it from her aunt. FML
By Amy - 10/05/2012 19:14 - Canada - Prince George
Today, I woke up, only to find my arm was still asleep. I tried to move it just a tiny bit, but somehow ended up punching myself in the face. FML
By metalmusic - 05/07/2010 05:37 - United States
Today, my boyfriend went to the beach. His parents relentlessly tried to hook him with other girls, all the while knowing that we're dating. Their reasoning is that I'm not a 'real girlfriend.' FML
By anon - 27/11/2015 20:21 - Canada - Calgary
Today, my stepmom asked me to bake pies for a dinner party she was having. Since I love baking, I said yes. When I went to deliver the pies, I found out they were for a family dinner I wasn't invited to. FML
The single life
By Anonymous - 14/09/2021 22:00 - United Arab Emirates - Dubai
Today, my girlfriend of over a year broke up with me while I'm deployed overseas. Her reason why is that she needs "to be alone to better herself." FML
By Fmyapp - 02/12/2009 17:58 - United States
Today, after having paid to download an iPhone FML app, I found out that the real 'Fmylife Official' app was a lot more complete. And free. FML
By now have a cat - 24/04/2014 20:52 - United States - Glenview
Today, the man sitting next to me on the train tried to sneak a dead cat into my bag while I was sleeping. FML
By obsceene - 18/10/2010 10:49 - United States
Today, it was wacky tacky day at my school. I did not participate, however, I did get voted the tackiest outfit in my school. FML
By mdp624 - 16/08/2012 12:10 - United States - Brookhaven
Today, I was T-boned while going through an intersection. The guy who hit me accused me of not using my turn signal. I was going straight. FML
By Already Broke Asf - 18/11/2015 01:51 - United States - Rock Hill
Today, my 19-year-old brother broke into my dorm and robbed me. When I tried to file a report, my brother went to my parents and told them that he took it because I owed him money on a bet. Guess who lost $92.50. FML
Today, at work, I came back from my break to find a child covered in mud. Turns out it wasn't mud. One of the other children had taken all of the poop out of their diaper and smeared it all over the floor, walls, and other children. The other teacher hadn't noticed, and I had to clean it all up. FML
By Tom Riddle - 19/12/2016 12:24 - Philippines
Today, I was about to go out and get some groceries, but the moment I slammed the door I realized my keys were still inside. My inner caveman instincts told me to immediately break down the door, so now I have to get a doorknob replacement instead of food. FML
By kenz - 06/12/2010 08:18 - United States
Today, I returned from a week-long vacation. My landlord told me he had let my boyfriend in my apartment to get something. I don't have a boyfriend. Everything in my apartment is gone. FML
By frank - 13/01/2022 08:01
Today, while out with my girlfriend, her stalker ex-boyfriend appeared out of nowhere and beat the shit out of me. While I was on the ground, my girlfriend got angry at him, and went to go "talk with him in private." She's nowhere to be found, and hasn't picked up her phone in four hours. FML
By FeedTheBirds - 06/09/2017 22:30 - United States - Estero
Today, I bought a delicious $17 lobster sandwich at a restaurant on the beach. The seagull who zoomed in and ripped it out of my hands as I was about to take the first bite seemed to enjoy it very much. FML
Coincidence plays tricks on us!
By "Shadley Chase Teladia" - 21/11/2019 19:00 - South Africa - Johannesburg
Today, I finally got to meet the parents of the girl in which I have been dating for 3 months. I discovered that a month before we started dating, I had a one-night stand with her sister. And a week before that, I had a grinding session with her mother at a bar. No one is saying anything and her father is really bulky. FML
By quietsleeper - 13/10/2009 11:07 - United States
Today, my new girlfriend told me I don't snore when I sleep. Which is funny, since during the last year of my marriage, my ex-wife would make me sleep on the couch because my loud snoring kept her up. FML
Today, my boyfriend came out of the closet. In the middle of us having sex. FML
By sadmother - 01/07/2011 23:12 - Canada
Today, I asked my daughter what time it was. She stared at the clock for several seconds before muttering, "I don't know". She's 14 years old and on the honour roll, and yet she can't tell the time on an analogue clock. FML
By MB - 28/11/2011 06:30 - United States
Today, I called a friend of mine who was recently in an accident. She told me that the head trauma has caused her to lose all sense of smell and taste. To try and cheer her up, I suggested I take her out to lunch. FML
Yeet the guy
By Lorbibo - 14/01/2021 17:00
Today, I was trying to set up a date with my boyfriend of two years, but he said he didn't want to, and then to interrupted me to talk to his friends on Discord. FML
By CDeVeney92 - 17/03/2012 04:37 - United States
Today, I got threatened with a gun through the drive thru speaker because I didn't offer some guy any pies to go with his meal. FML
By confusedbagel - 27/06/2013 06:22 - United States - Los Angeles
Today, my boss fired me for being "too morally ambiguous". I work at a bagel shop and had told a customer that I was indifferent towards cream cheese. FML
Sleepless in Saskatoon
By inolongeriismmm - 04/11/2021 12:59 - Canada - Saskatoon
Today, I was let go from a position that I spent 11 years pouring my heart into. I was fired for ranting in an group chat, after getting 37 minutes of sleep in two days. FML
By DocKreso - 28/06/2013 21:59 - Croatia - Split
Today, I had to remove a glass bottle, complete with an ineffective pullstring, from a patient's rectum. He claimed that he'd accidentally sat on it, and later threatened to sue me for every penny if I breathed a word of it to anyone. Oops, looks like I just did. FML
By bennyp77 - 31/08/2010 05:15 - United States
Today, I was at a tennis match and it was really hot. I took off my shirt to cool down. A member of the staff then tapped me on the shoulder and told me that my "bare breasts might offend someone." I'm a man. FML
By blech - 08/12/2014 23:08 - Canada - Edmonton
Today, I witnessed my dad rummage through his nostrils, thoughtfully examine the contents, and flick them nonchalantly onto the carpet. All of this he did with the biggest demented grin on his face. Sadly, this has become a regular occurrence. FML
By viviham - 04/05/2012 12:08 - United States - Spring Branch
Today, I was working at the local liquor store. An obviously drunk girl stumbles in, grabs two cases of beer and puts them on the counter. Then she grabs a pregnancy test, pees on it right there, shows me, and says, "I'm not pregnant, I want beer." FML
Just because you can don't mean you should
By Anonymous - 10/12/2020 20:06 - Nigeria
Today, I got stuck in my washing machine. When my sister saw me, she just left me there. FML
By ouch - 09/12/2009 17:09 - United States
Today, my girlfriend was telling me how concerned she was about her weight. I told her not to worry, because it gives more cushion for the pushin' anyway. She picked up a lamp and threw it right at my dingleberries. FML
Sorrel 0
Sooo, your friend has a creepy mom and you have a big mouth. Case closed.
perdix 29
(Sorry, sometimes you'll see the original). If you saw someone "creeping" behind your friend, why would you "loudly proclaim?" Didn't they ever teach you about the quiet "indoor voice?" Wouldn't this be a good time to use it? And tell Mom to dress like a mom, and not a wannabe, gangsta thug unless she wants to get a cap popped in her ass.
Intoxicunt 5
IN THE BUTT. ON MYSPACE. Good thing you warned her.
MermaidSongXOXO 6
"You could've been RAPED! I'm not even laughing! I'M NOT EVEN LAUGHING! YOU COULD'VE BEEN RAPED IN THE BUTT!"
rick_james_b17ch 0
No she shouldn't have warned her, her friend deserves it for being named Paige.
Friday 13 November 2009 1:40
The OP is a dude. And Paige is a great name. It reminds me of Rose McGowan's (orgasms at the mention) character on Charmed.
crazysmurfette 6
Saturday 19 November 2011 3:22
#10-My name is Paige. you're an ass.
LightningCactus 12
Tuesday 10 January 2012 4:25
#10-My sisters name is Paige. you're an ass. :P
artmastr 0
Tuesday 28 February 2012 5:02
FU thats MY name!
JohnE3 0
FYL, but you had good intentions, right?
flighted 1
Wednesday 11 May 2011 6:35
right. had it actually been some creepy stalker killer at least her friend woulda known. hahah that's so embarrassing though
xx_irish_rose_xx 0
That's not really that bad, if she had the hood up how could you tell it was her? And even if she didn't, it could have been a really low resolution
time_consumer 0
How is she dressing like a wannabe gangsta thug? By wearing a hoodie?
nokillnobeepbeep 0
Would yelling a whisper suffice? That is always a good one.
What in the blue hell!? Damn you iphone, damn you to hell. I was responding to #8. Oy vey...
Don't worry. Things jump around.
AtoZnumbersand_ 1
Oh come on. What are the chances? Family member vs serial killer. Which is more likely?
fattypie101 0
Monday 22 March 2010 2:48
omg number 11 change your pic
Devikarawr 0
Really, not a big deal.
iamazombie 0
i lol'd
EatUrGreens 20
Tuesday 14 April 2015 6:52
Who doesn't wear a hoodie indoors? they're comfy af..
cleovany 0
Lmaoo. nice :P
BigK_Diet_Cola 1
Is there any good that could result from, "Paige! Who is that creepy looking guy behind you?"? Either 1) Paige knows the guy and he & possibly Paige get offended. (In this case, he is the mom.) Or 2) it is actually a creepy guy and then you witness the brutal murder/rape (possibly not in that order) of Paige. Next time, let's be a little more positive with our exclamations, OK?
crazytoaster 2
3) The creepy guy was just in the wrong house, but hears you calling him creepy so he comes to yours.
sodahhhr 0
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Струмишката галерия за икони () е музей, разположен в град Струмица, Северна Македония. Разположена е в църквата "Свети Петнадесет тивериополски мъченици" и е част от Института за защита на паметниците на културата и музей – Струмица.

Описание
Галерията отваря врати в 2000 година и има за цел да представи художествената активност в Струмишко от XV до първите десетилетия на XX век. Състои се от 94 експоната: 66 икони с различни размери от 9 православни църкви от Струмица и околността, царски, двери, плащаница, обредни предмети, 10 богослужебни книги, 5 кръста, 2 изписани манели, 4 кандила, 3 кадилници, метален дискос и свещник. Предметите са реставрирани и консервирани с пари на Министерството на културата. Обредните предмети са дело на куюмджии от Струмица. Стиловете на иконите варират от поствизантийски, през левантински барок до неоромантизъм. Част от тях са дело на струмишки и други източномакедонски зографи – Григорий Пецанов, Коста Вангелов, Гаврил Атанасов. Иконите са от църквите "Свети Четиридесет мъченици" в Банско, "Свети Атанасий" (Босилово), "Света Богородица" във Велюшкия манастир, "Свети Леонтий" във Водочкия манастир, "Свети Илия" в Габрово, "Св. св. Кирил и Методий" в Струмица, "Свети Илия" в Нивичино, "Свети Спас" в Колешино, "Света Троица" в Дабиля, "Свети Георги" в Ново село, "Свети Илия" в Градско Балдовци.

Бележки

Галерии на икони в Северна Македония
Музеи в Струмица

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Russell and Co
Agreement of Jardine Matheson and others with grain commissioners, 1884
Reference Code: GBR/0012/MS JM/F1/90
An envelope containing an agreement between the carriers - Jardine, Matheson & Co. (as agents for the Indo-Steam Navigation Co. Ltd), Russell & Co. (as agents for their steamers), and Butterfield and Swire (as agents for the China Navigation Co. Ltd) - and Puen Kee, acting for the Grain Commissioners, for the carriers to convey tribute rice from Shanghai to Tientsin, dated Shanghai, 13 November 1884.
Conditions Governing Access: From the Fonds: Access to the collection is subject to special conditions and is at the discretion of Matheson & Co. Ltd, part of the Jardine Matheson Group. A statement of the conditions and an application form are available in the Manuscripts Reading Room. Printed copies of the form are available by post (please contact the University Library). An electronic version can also be found at https://www.lib.cam.ac.uk/files/jm_permission_form.pdf. Records described in the catalogue as being in a bad condition are in a fragile state that precludes them being made available to readers. Access to some records may be restricted under the terms of the Data Protection Act, 1998.
Found in: Cambridge University Library / GBR/0012/MS JM, Jardine Matheson Archive / Legal documents / Agreements and contracts
Business letters: Amoy, 1833-1898
Reference Code: GBR/0012/MS JM/B7/1
Scope and Contents The correspondents include the following names:H.E.C. Abendroth; Rutherford Alcock; Walter E. Allum; L.A. Andersen; J.W. Andrew; Nicolas Tanco Armero; Hugh Wylie Auld (Captain of S.S. 'Melbourne' and S.S. 'Glenlyon').John Backhouse; Allan W. Bain; Bain, Low & Co.; James Matthew Banks (Captain of the 'Augusta May' and attorney for John Cuthbert, Sydney); Henry Barnett (of the 'Lord of the Isles' and 'Flying Spur'); John G. Batty (Captain of the 'Viola'); John Bellamy;...
Conditions Governing Access: The original letters are not available to readers, but microfilm copies may be ordered in the Manuscripts Reading Room - Reels 465 (letters nos 1-350), 466 (351-815), 467 (816-1230), 468 (1231-1552), 469 (1553-1869), 470 (1870-2194), 471 (2195-2699), 472 (2700-3168), 473 (3169-3565), 474 (3566-3979) and 475 (3980-4298).
Found in: Cambridge University Library / GBR/0012/MS JM, Jardine Matheson Archive / In-correspondence / Business letters: Local
Business letters: Bombay, 1822-1881
Scope and Contents There are 13,160 principal letters and 31 supplementary letters. The correspondents include the following names:Ponsonby Adair; Adam, Skinner & Co.; Peter Adams; Aga Abdool Khaluck Cazarany (also Abdool Khalie Cazarani and Hajee Adbul Khaluck Cazarany); Aga Ali Kashanee (Hajee Ali Cashanee); Aga Mahmed Cazroony (Mahmed Cazroony); Aga Mohamed Hajee Abdul Russool Cazarani; J.C. Aguiar; Rufina Angelica C. Aguiar; Alexander Mackintosh & Co.; James Allan (Magniac & Co.);...
Conditions Governing Access: The original letters are not available to readers, but microfilm copies may be ordered in the Manuscripts Reading Room - Reels 17 (letters nos 1-271), 18 (272-582), 19 (583-868), 20 (869-1172), 21 (1173-1492), 22 (1493-1826), 23 (1827-2033), 24 (2034-2394), 25 (2395-2623), 26 (2624-2829), 27 (2830-3200), 33 (3201-3499), 34 (3500-3826), 35 (3827-4038), 36 (4039-4319), 37 (4320-4800), 38 (4801-5178), 39 (5179-5604), 40 (5605-6039), 41 (6040-6492), 42 (6493-6885), 43 (6886-7491), 44 (7492-7983), 45 (7984-8425), 46 (8426-9001), 47 (9002-9421), 48 (9422-9884), 49 (9885-10276), 50 (10277-10794), 51 (10795-11132), 52 (11133-11544), 53 (11545-11981), 54 (11982-12164), 55 (12165-12574), 56 (12574*-12868), 57 (12869-13160 and S1-31).
Found in: Cambridge University Library / GBR/0012/MS JM, Jardine Matheson Archive / In-correspondence / Business letters: Non-Local
Business letters: Calcutta, 1818-1893
Scope and Contents There are 8,540 principal letters and 20 supplementary letters. The correspondents include the following names:H.W. Abbott; J. Abbott; Abdool Raxlee Isabhoy; George Ure Adam; Aga Mirza Sherazie; Aga Syed Ally; Aga Syed Saduck; Agabeg Brothers; Agricultural & Horticultural Society, Calcutta; M. di Aguiar; Agurchund Hurrukchund; Ahmuty & Co.; William Ainslie (of Shaw, Ainslie & Co. and Colvin, Ainslie, Cowie & Co.); John Alexander (of Canton); Alexander & Co.;...
Conditions Governing Access: The original letters are not available to readers, but microfilm copies may be ordered in the Manuscripts Reading Room - Reels 61 (letters nos 1-309), 62 (310-659), 63 (660-1010), 64 (1011-1242), 65 (1243-1519), 66 (1520-1756), 67 (1757-1979), 68 (1980-2298), 69 (2299-2756), 70 (2757-3245), 71 (3246-3776), 72 (3777-4131), 73 (4132-4562), 74 (4563-4903), 75 (4904-5285), 76 (5286-5731), 77 (5732-5938), 78 (5939-6170), 79 (6171-6369), 80 (6370-6698), 81 (6699-7095), 82 (7096-7409), 83 (7410-7706), 84 (7707-7998), 85 (7999-8310) and 86 (8311-8540 and S1-20).
Business letters: Canton, 1814-1904
Scope and Contents There are 12,706 principal letters and 218 supplementary letters. The correspondents include the following names:Abdollally Ebrahim Co. (also Abdolally Ebrahim & Co.; Abdoolally, Ebrahim & Co.; and A. Ebrahim & Co.); Acow & Co. (also Akoe & Co. and Akow & Co.); Aga Ahmed; A. and G.L. Agabeg; G.L. Agabeg & Co.; Arthur Agassiz; Aga Mahomed Ally; Agra & United Service Bank Ltd; Ahmedbhoy Rahamtoolla; William Ainslie (Shaw, Ainslie & Co. and Colvin,...
Conditions Governing Access: The original letters are not available to readers, but microfilm copies may be ordered in the Manuscripts Reading Room - Reels 2 (letters nos 1-321), 3 (322-563), 4 (564-844), 5 (845-946), 6 (947-1318), 7 (1319-1678), 207 (1678-2023), 208 (2024-2319), 209 (2320-2549), 210 (2550-2897), 211 (2897-3294), 212 (3296-3619), 213 (3620-3989), 214 (3989-4233), 215 (4234-4565), 216 (4566-4745), 217 (4746-5110), 218 (5111-5311), 219 (5312-5651), 220 (5652-5943), 221 (5944-6209), 222 (6210-6511), 223 (6512-6798), 224 (6796-7087), 225 (7088-7410), 226 (7410-7759), 227 (7760-8051), 228 (8052-8359), 229 (8360-8625), 230 (8626-8952), 231 (8953-8971), 232 (8971-9075), 233 (9076-9229), 234 (9230-9413), 235 (9414-9570), 236 (9571-10018), 237 (10019-10234), 238 (10235-10396), 239 (10397-10760), 240 (10761-11176), 241 (11176-11518), 242 (11519-11624), 243 (11625-11919), 244 (11920-12012), 245 (12013-12187), 246 (12188-12362), 247 (12363-12706) and 248 (S1-218). Letter no. 3295 has not been microfilmed.
Business letters: Foochow and River Min, 1846-1890
Reference Code: GBR/0012/MS JM/B7/11
Scope and Contents There are 4,291 principal letters and 8 supplementary letters. The correspondents include the following names:W.R. Adamson & Co.; Adamson, Bell & Co.; Edward Fleet Alford; Walter E. Allum; Alexander Forbes Angus (tea inspector for Jardine, Matheson & Co.); C. Alidel (?); Edward C. Anthony (Captain of the 'Guinevere'); Peter Arthur (Chief Officer, S.S. 'Glenfinlas'); J.R. Ashton; Hugh Wylie Auld (Captain of S.S. 'Melbourne' and S.S. 'Glenlyon').Alexander...
Conditions Governing Access: The original letters are not available to readers, but microfilm copies may be ordered in the Manuscripts Reading Room - Reels 507 (letters nos 1-318), 508 (319-467), 509 (468-789), 510 (790-1124), 511 (1125-1415), 512 (1416-1685), 513 (1686-1895), 514 (1896-2230), 515 (2231-2406), 516 (2407-2611), 517 (2612-2969), 518 (2970-3276), 519 (3277-3523), 520 (3524-3784), 521 (3785-3917), 522 (3918-4083) and 523 (4084-4291 and S1-8).
Business letters: Hong Kong, 1833-1905
Scope and Contents There are 14,309 principal letters and 404 supplementary letters, including the following correspondents: Achoo; Achoon; A-chun; Lt George Evatt Acklom, 44th Foot; Edward James Ackroyd, Supreme Ct; Abdolla Devraj; N. Abdoolally; H.E.C. Abendroth; H.H. Abercrombie; Abdollally Ebrahim Co.; A.E. Abraham; Frederick C. Adams; James Adams, 'Equestrian'; William Stanley Adams M.D.; William Adamson; Adamson, Bell & Co.; R.F. Addyman; W.E. Aga; A.L. Agabeg Jnr; Agra & Masterman's Bank Ltd;...
Conditions Governing Access: The original letters are not available to readers, but microfilm copies may be ordered in the Manuscripts Reading Room - Reels 123 (letters nos 1-312) 124 (313-673), 125 (674-978), 126 (979-1322), 127 (1323-1799), 128 (1800-2053), 129 (2054-2398), 130 (2399-2628), 131 (2630-3089), 132 (3090-3602), 133 (3603-4004), 134 (4005-4589), 135 (4589-4882), 136 (4883-5262*), 137 (5263-5528), 138 (5529-5938), 139 (5939-6303), 140 (6304-7027), 141 (7028-7742), 142 (7743-7996), 143 (7997-8382), 144 (8383-8754), 145 (8756-9259), 146 (9260-9346), 147 (9347-9676), 148 (9677-10079), 149 (10080-10415), 150 (10416-10835), 151 (10836-11373), 152 (11374-12096), 153 (12097-12454), 154 (12455-12779), 155 (12780-13175), 156 (13176-13376), 157 (13377-13728), 158 (13729-14309), 159 (S1-213) and 160 (S214-404). Letters nos 2629 and 8755 has not been microfilmed.
Business letters: Macao, 1813-1898
Scope and Contents There are 8,263 principal letters and 50 supplementary letters. The correspondents include the following names:Acow (Akow); Acow & Co. (also Akoe & Co. and Akow & Co.); William Adam (of the 'Swallow'); Affo; Revd José Joaquim d'Afonseca Mattos (Professor at Seminario de S. Jose, Macao); A.V. de R. Aggersborg; C. Agnew; Fernando Aguirre; Ahmed Hajee Esaac; H. Alexander; Alisch & Co.; William Allen (Captain of the 'Ann'); Frederick P. Alleyn; Angel Almeda (Captain of...
Conditions Governing Access: The original letters are not available to readers, but microfilm copies may be ordered in the Manuscripts Reading Room - Reels 8 (letters nos 1-79), 9 (80-406), 10 (407-675), 11 (676-928), 12 (929-1206), 13 (1207-1552), 14 (1553-1998), 15 (1999-2323), 16 (2324-2660), 192 (2661-2907), 193 (2908-3266), 194 (3267-3604), 195 (3605-4117), 196 (4118-4639), 197 (4640-5179), 198 (5180-5501), 199 (5502-5919), 200 (5920-6358), 201 (6359-6615), 202 (6616-6825), 203 (6826-7290), 204 (7291-7765), 205 (7766-8135) and 206 (8136-8263 and S1-50).
Business letters: Shanghai, 1844-1891
Scope and Contents There are 10,805 principal letters and 15 supplementary letters. The correspondents include the following names:W.R. Adamson; W.R. Adamson & Co.; R.F. Addyman; Agra & United Service Bank Ltd; Chaloner Alabaster; Samuel Alcock; Joseph W. Allen; Thomas Allen; J. Allmand Jnr (of Yokohama); Alexander Anderson (Inspector of Maitland Ewing & Co.'s estate); Captain George Cobham Anderson (Marine Superintendent, Jardine Matheson, Hong Kong); John Henry Anderson (Robert Anderson...
Conditions Governing Access: The original letters are not available to readers, but microfilm copies may be ordered in the Manuscripts Reading Room - Reels 373 (letters nos 1-185), 374 (186-408), 375 (409-638), 376 (639-983), 377 (984-1184), 378 (1185-1363), 379 (1364-1634), 380 (1635-1843), 381 (1844-2096), 382 (2097-2356), 383 (2357-2488), 384 (2489-2656), 385 (2651-2853), 386 (2854-2998), 387 (2999-3145), 388 (3146-3378), 389 (3379-3557), 390 (3558-3725), 391 (3726-3918), 392 (3919-4075), 393 (4076-4197), 394 (4198-4353), 395 (4354-4481), 396 (4482-4647), 397 (4648-4806), 398 (4807-4973), 399 (4974-5139), 400 (5140-5263), 401 (5264-5465), 402 (5466-5680), 403 (5681-5900), 404 (5901-6079), 405 (6080-6251), 406 (6252-6436), 407 (6437-6625), 408 (6626-6831), 409 (6832-7086), 410 (7087-7295), 411 (7296-7446), 412 (7447-7627), 413 (7628-7889), 414 (7890-8153), 415 (8154-8383), 416 (8384-8634), 417 (8635-8890), 418 (8891-9269), 419 (9270-9584), 420 (9585-9868), 421 (9869-10079), 422 (10080-10334), 422* (10335-10559) and 423 (10560-10805 and S1-15).
Business letters: unplaced, 1813-1900
Reference Code: GBR/0012/MS JM/B11
Scope and Contents Business letters sent from unknown places, comprised of 5,690 principal letters and 33 supplementary letters. The correspondents include the following names:Abdool; H.H. Abercrombie; Edward James Ackroyd (Register, Supreme Court); A.E. Abraham; Achim; Acow & Co. (Akoe & Co. or Akow & Co.); James Adams (Chief Mate, 'Equestrian'); William Stanley Adams M.D. (of Glasgow); C. Murray Adamson; William Adamson; R.F. Addyman; Aderjee Sapoorjee; Afong; A.L. Agabeg Jnr; A.V. de...
Conditions Governing Access: The original letters are not available to readers, but microfilm copies may be ordered in the Manuscripts Reading Room - Reels 571 (letters nos 1-440), 572 (441-1141), 573 (1142-1930), 574 (1931-2607), 575 (2608-3172), 576 (3173-3902), 577 (3903-4542), 578 (4543-5197) and 579 (5198-5690 and S1-33).
Found in: Cambridge University Library / GBR/0012/MS JM, Jardine Matheson Archive / In-correspondence
Business letters: Whampoa, 1825-1885
Scope and Contents The correspondents include the following names:William H. Adams (of the 'Maria'); George Allcot; C.H. Allen; Jordan Allen (Captain of the 'Polonaise'); João Lourenço d'Almeida; Angier & Allanson; John Martin Armstrong (Thomas Hunt & Co.); Joseph Arquit (Captain of the 'Candace'); Antoine Auzias (Captain of the 'Josephine Amédee'); W.E. Ayers.Frederick E. Baker (Captain of the 'Niphon'); Aurelio Ballen (of the 'Clarita' and 'Carmen'); A.H. Bancroft; Henry Barnett...
Conditions Governing Access: The original letters are not available to readers, but microfilm copies may be ordered in the Manuscripts Reading Room - Reels 560 (letters nos 1-348), 561 (349-1007) and 562 (1008-1253).
Letters from Amoy, 1885-1895
Letters to Jardine Matheson, Hong Kong, from Russell & Co.; Fearon, Low & Co.; and Jardine, Matheson & Co., Amoy.
Conditions Governing Access: From the Series: The originals of B1-11 are not available to readers, but microfilm copies may be ordered in the Manuscripts Reading Room using the microfilm reference numbers listed in this catalogue, which are also found in the Outline Catalogue.
Private letters: Canton, 1813-1872
Scope and Contents The correspondents include the following names:Rutherford Alcock; John Anderson (of London); Peter Anderson; William Henry Anderson; George A. Archer; J.H. Astell.Samuel Ball; James Bannerman (of the East India Co.); Bartolomeu Barretto; Antonio Lourenço Barretto and Co.; William Baynes; Thomas Beale; Thomas Chay Beale; Beale and Co.; Robert Berry; Francis B. Birley; Birley and Co.; John Blain; George Blight; W.O. Bokee; Bomnajee Hormasjee (Bomanjee Hormarjee); William...
Conditions Governing Access: The original letters are not available to readers, but microfilm copies may be ordered in the Manuscripts Reading Room - Reels 28 (letters P1-199), 29 (P200-648), 30 (P649-1155), 282 (P1156-1518), 283 (P1519-1761), 284 (P1762-2072), 285 (P2073-2308) and 286 (2309-2492).
Found in: Cambridge University Library / GBR/0012/MS JM, Jardine Matheson Archive / In-correspondence / Private letters: Local
Private letters: Macao, 1813-1872
Scope and Contents The correspondents include the following names:A.V. de R. Aggersborg; J.H. Astell.Bartolomeu Barretto; Bartolomeu Antonio Barretto; Antonio Lourenço Barretto and Co.; William Baynes; Thomas Beale; Thomas Chay Beale; W. Bell; Bell and Co.; William Blenkin; George Blight; William Sprott Boyd (also Thomas Podé, pseudonym); George Thomas Braine; Guilherme Francisco Bramston.Lorenzo Calvo; L. Calvo and Co.; A. Campbell; T.A. Chaldecott; William Clifton (Captain of...
Conditions Governing Access: The original letters are not available to readers, but microfilm copies may be ordered in the Manuscripts Reading Room - Reel 31 (P1-196) and 32 (P197-665).
Private letters: Shanghai, 1844-1888
Scope and Contents The correspondents include Thomas Allen; Walter E. Allum; Robert Anderson (of Robert Anderson and Co., Kiukiang and Hankow); Robert Crawfurd Antrobus; Benjamin Parke Avery; Edward William Batt (of Jardine, Matheson and Co., then G. Barnet and Co.); John Thomas Batt (of Jardine, Matheson and Co.); John Bell-Irving; John Bowring; Brand, Monro and Co.; Frederick William Adolphus Bruce; J.J. Buchheister; Francis Bulkeley Bulkeley-Johnson (also Francis Bulkeley Johnson, afterwards...
Conditions Governing Access: The original letters are not available to readers, but microfilm copies may be ordered in the Manuscripts Reading Room - Reels 424 (P1-255), 425 (P256-454), 426 (P455-584), 427 (P585-740), 428 (P741-918), 429 (P919-1109), 430 (P1110-1380) and 431 (P1382-1411). No. P1381 has not been microfilmed.
Xiamen 1


text:
'information'Nachos, anyone?
Home Blog 'mammoth'
'mammoth'
Elephant-like mammals
Metaphorical mammoths
Where next with the OED Online?
About the OED
What does the OED's entry for the word mammoth tell us about the development of the word in English?
Take a brief look at the entry as a whole: before you reach the different meanings of the word as a noun and as an adjective you'll find the modern pronunciation, a list of ways the word was spelled from the 1700s onwards, and a fairly complex etymology (which is itself quite revealing).
All of the earliest quotations indicate that English-speakers first encountered the word as a result of the discovery of mammoth bones in Siberia. If 'read' carefully, this information can tell us a lot about the emergence and development of the word mammoth.
We'll look first at the primary meaning: a prehistory elephant-like mammal (sense 1a of the noun). The definition is accompanied by a series of quotations showing a number of printed sources in which the word is found since its first appearance in English.
The first two quotations (1618 and 1698) are presented in square brackets. This means that they are not actual instances of our word, but quotations which give some information about related words at a time before mammoth itself is first recorded in English (1706). All of the earliest quotations indicate that English-speakers first encountered the word as a result of the discovery of mammoth bones in Siberia, and this suggests to lexicographers (or dictionary-compilers) that the word may have entered English from one of the languages in that area. Now look at the first six quotations: all of them derive from dictionaries or from accounts of travellers (often in translation). It's not until 1803 that we find a quotation referring to mammoths in the West (when a mammoth skeleton was exhibited as a curiosity at the Royal Academy in London). Later quotations from the nineteenth century and later come from literature and technical texts, showing that the word had become by then more familiar to English-speakers.
So how does this all fit in with the etymology? Well, the etymology says that mammoth entered English by way of the old Russian word mamant, found in a phrase which means 'mammoth's bone'—not surprisingly, since it was as a result of the discovery of mammoth bones that the prehistoric animal first came to the notice of modern observers. The etymology shows that the Russian word is recorded from 1578. This is interesting, as the first English examples date from a hundred or so years later: so didn't English-speakers know about the mammoth until later, or did they use a different word for the animal? Down at the bottom of the etymology you can see that words for mammoth entered the continental European languages from 1705 onwards. We can identify a wave of interest in this curious beast throughout Europe from around 1700 onwards (which fits in with the English evidence).
So that brings the word into English, and how did it develop after that? The nineteenth century saw major changes in the word's use. As a noun it was applied to another prehistoric elephant, the mastodon, from 1815 onwards. In fact, this doesn't fit the scientific evidence, as the mastodon isn't really particularly closely related to the mammoth, but it was another big prehistoric elephant, so (in the light of knowledge at the time) it wasn't surprising that it was called after the real mammoth. But as scientific knowledge improved this sense died out (1850), as more correct terminology took its place.
Mammoth comes to be applied metaphorically to anything of 'huge size'. The prehistoric mammoth was a marvel and a curiosity; it stuck in the European mind as something absolutely remarkable. And so it's not surprising that it came to mean anything huge, remarkable, almost unbelievable on account of its size (much the same had happened to the words monster and giant). The first instances of this adjectival use occur in the United States.
If you look at the next meaning, that of the adjective 'mammoth', you see that this shift of meaning seems to have happened slightly earlier in the adjective (not surprisingly). The shift of use from a prehistoric mammoth (noun) to something of mammoth proportions (adjective), for example, isn't unusual and is of a type well recorded elsewhere in the language.
So what have we got? We've got mammoth bones discovered in Siberia in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. We've got the word mammoth then found in English (from Russian) in the eighteenth century. We've got a side alley as the term is applied to another prehistoric mammal, the mastodon. And then we find the word catching on much more widely in the West and being applied to anything remarkably large, anything as remarkable to modern European eyes as the prehistoric mammoth must have seemed.
A big word for a big mammal. But a word with a development which can be explained, in retrospect, from a mixture of linguistic, social, and cultural factors, all emerging from the OED's entry.
along with mammoth, there are further Word Stories, including precarious, digital, information, in the Aspects of English section of the OED Online.
in addition to mamet, the OED includes nearly 500 words in English derived from Slavonic languages—including pirog (1662), vodka (1802), and babushka (1938).
Thomas Jefferson is listed in the OED as the first quoted source for 380 meanings of words (including mammoth) and 106 new words, among them cross-street (1825), neologize (1813), and shag (1770).
How do I search for this? With subscriber access, use Advanced search to find words originating in non-English languages (here, European languages/then Slavonic). Or use Browse Sources to identify the top 1000 authors and titles that provide evidence for new words, or meanings of words, in the OED. Thomas Jefferson appears at no. 204 in this list. You can also read more about Jefferson in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography which includes entries on thousands of people who shaped the English language.
More about the OED
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What's new? Recent updates, plus more features on English—past and present
John Simpson, chief editor, OED
August 16 / 2012
The language of...
Nachos, anyone?
'precarious'
'rum'
New words: December 2011
100,000 entries published and counting
'information'
'engine'
A time capsule of English
New words: March 2012
A sublime and superlative quarter of contrasts


text:
Arbejdspladslogin
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Bibliotek for Læger
Danish Medical Journal
About DMJ
| 05/01 2022 KL. 14:52
Long-term results after weight loss intervention in knee arthroplasty patients with obesity
Anne Thomasen1, Inger Mechlenburg1, 2, 3, Jens Ole Laursen4 & Anette Liljensøe1
1) Orthopaedic Research Unit, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, 2) Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 3) Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, 4) Emergency Department, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Denmark
Dan Med J 2022;69(2):A06210510
Introduction. Obesity is a well-known problem in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We have previously shown that it is feasible and safe to implement an intensive weight loss programme shortly before TKA. Preoperatively, the programme produced an average weight loss of 10.7 kg while also improving body composition and reducing cardiovascular risk factors. One year after TKA, the patients in the weight loss programme managed to maintain their weight loss, whereas no change was observed in the control group. Both groups showed major improvements in health-related quality of life (QoL) and knee function. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effect of a weight loss intervention in patients with obesity undergoing TKA.
Methods. This was a seven-year follow-up study from a randomized controlled trial. Body weight, blood pressure and waist circumference were measured. Additionally, data on patient-reported outcome, range of knee motion (ROM), hypertension and diabetes status were collected.
Results. Forty-nine patients were examined at the follow-up. No differences were found between the intervention and the control group on body weight, hypertension, diabetes, waist circumference or knee ROM. The intervention group had increased their mean weight significantly more than the control group (difference = 3.1, 95% confidence interval: 1.3-4.8). 66% had hypertension and 38% had Type 2 diabetes. Pain, function and QoL were improved for both groups.
Conclusion. The patients in the intervention group were unable to maintain their preoperative weight loss when measured seven year after TKA.
Funding. none.
Trial registration. not relevant.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint disease associated with pain and lack of mobility. The knee is the weight-bearing joint most commonly affected by OA [1], and OA is one of the major causes of pain, disability and reduced health-related quality of life (QoL). The risk of developing OA of the knee increases with age and with higher BMI. Furthermore, the susceptibility to OA may also be increased in part by genetic inheritance, occupational activities from jobs that require regular knee bending and lifting or carrying heavy loads. Such activities predispose to OA of the knee. Women have a higher risk of OA after the age of 50 years, much higher than the risk for men, but studies have been inconsistent with respect to the link between gender and the development of OA [1-4]. Obesity is a well-documented risk factor and predictor for the development of OA due to chronic joint load, altered body composition and subacute inflammation [3, 5, 6]. Globally, obesity is a growing health problem [3]. Obesity is also an increasing problem in patients after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and studies have shown that obesity is associated with poor knee function and QoL [2, 7, 8]. Weight loss may be beneficial in the treatment of OA of the knee and has been linked to an improved patient-reported outcome (PRO) on knee pain, function, range of motion (ROM) and QoL [5, 7]. Weight loss is a symptomatic treatment of OA, but may be vital in postponing disease progression.
However, evidence of the role of obesity in the outcome after TKA is conflicting. Some studies have shown that obesity seems to have a negative effect on the outcome after TKA compared with people with a BMI < 30 kg/m2 [2, 7, 8]. Other studies found no differences in pain, function and QoL between patients with or without obesity after TKA [9-11]. Moreover, knowledge is sparse about the long-term outcome of weight loss interventions before TKA. The aim of the present study was to investigate the long-term effect of weight loss intervention in TKA patients with obesity.
This was a seven-year observational follow-up study of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) [12]. The RCT investigated whether a weight loss intervention before primary TKA would improve QoL, knee function, mobility and body composition one year after surgery. Patients with obesity scheduled for primary TKA due to OA of the knee were randomized to a control group receiving standard care or to an intervention group receiving an eight-week low-energy diet before TKA. Changes in outcome of QoL, knee function, mobility and body composition from baseline to one year after TKA were compared between groups. The baseline in this study is the time of measurement immediately before TKA, when the patients in the intervention group have successfully finished an eight-week low-energy diet.
Seventy-six patients with OA who had undergone TKA at the hospital of Southern Jutland in the period from August 2011 to April 2013 participated in the RCT. Patients were recruited from an outpatient clinic and were eligible for inclusion if they had a BMI >30 kg/m2 and were motivated to participate in a weight loss intervention [12]. At the one-year follow-up, six patients had withdrawn from the study; five in the intervention group and one in the control group (Figure 1). In January 2020, data were available on 59 patients. Three patients had died. Thus, 56 patients were contacted by telephone by the primary investigator of this study. Forty-nine patients accepted to participate in the study. Among those, 47 accepted to participate in the clinical control conducted as a home visit by the primary investigator and another two accepted to complete the questionnaires.
Patients in the intervention group received a low-energy diet (810 kcal/day) with commercially available formula foods and received nutritional education by an experienced dietitian for eight-weeks preoperatively. The second phase of the intervention started immediately after TKA and ended one year post-operatively. The intervention is described in detail in Liljensøe et al. [12] .
Clinical controls performed as home visits
Forty-seven clinical controls performed as home visits and one phone interview were conducted in the course of five days in late January and early February 2020. The visits lasted 20-60 minutes. One patient participated in the clinical control by telephone. Thus, clinical data were available for 47 patients who had participated the clinical controls.
Measurement and procedures
Clinical measures
At the clinical controls, the primary investigator measured the patients' body weight (Sandstroem, Denmark); blood pressure, using a digital sphygmomanometer (UA-852) on the patient's right arm; and abdominal waist circumference in centimetres, using a measuring tape (150 cm). The recommended upper limit for waist circumference in men is less than 94 cm and in women less than 80 cm. A waist circumference in men exceeding than 94 cm indicates a health risk and if larger than 102 cm an even greater risk. The same applies to women with a waist circumference exceeding 80 cm and 88 cm [13]. The patients' height was measured in the RCT [12].
Patient-reported outcome measures
The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) [14] consists of 42 questions distributed on five subscales: pain, other symptoms, function in daily living, function in sport and recreation and knee-related QoL. Zero represents extreme problems and 100 represents no knee problems [14]. The Copenhagen Knee Range of Motion Scale (CKRS) is a method to measure and evaluate passive knee ROM [15]. Previously, the evaluation of passive knee ROM was a procedure performed by health professionals with a goniometer, but the development and validation of the CKRS has enabled patients to self-report their passive knee ROM [15].
At the clinical controls, patients were asked if they had diabetes (No/Type 1 diabetes/Type 2 diabetes), used any medicine due to diabetes (No/Yes) or had hypertension (No/Yes). Data were stored in a project management database (Procordo, Denmark).
Demographics and baseline characteristics were presented with frequencies (%) for categorical variables and with mean (range/95% confidence interval (CI)) for continuous variables.
Differences in weight, BMI, blood pressure and PRO measured at baseline and at the seven-year follow-up between groups were analysed using Student's t-test and presented as means with 95% CI and p-values. The assumptions of the t-test were met.
The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes were presented descriptively with frequencies (%) and compared with baseline values. Waist circumference and CKRS were measured only at the seven-year follow-up and were presented descriptively.
Trial registration: not relevant.
Loss to follow-up
Patient characteristics of the 49 patients in this study and the 27 patients who were lost to follow-up are presented in Table 1. Patients lost to follow-up were more likely to be women with a higher BMI, more likely to have diabetes, be unskilled and living alone than patients who participated in the seven-year follow-up.
The differences between the intervention group and the control group at baseline due to the preoperative weight loss intervention had disappeared at the seven-year follow-up; and body weight, BMI and blood pressure were similar in the two groups (Table 2).
At the seven-year follow-up, patients in the intervention group had gained 10.5 kg (95% CI: 6.8-14.1 kg), whereas the patients in the control group had gained 2.2 kg (CI: –0.7-5.2 kg). The mean waist circumference was 123 cm for men (standard deviation (SD): ± 9.2 cm) and 115.8 cm for women (SD: ± 12.3 cm).
Patient-reported outcome
For both groups, all KOOS sub-scores increased from baseline to the seven-year follow-up and no differences were observed in the KOOS sub-scores between the two groups, except from KOOS SPORT where the difference between the intervention group and control group was statistically significant (Table 2). Distribution of the patients' knee ROM in their operated knee calculated by CKRS is presented in Table 3.
Results from this follow-up study showed that improvements in the intervention group in body weight, BMI and blood pressure following the RCT weight loss intervention [12] had disappeared seven years later. The results thus indicate that it is difficult for the patients to maintain the weight loss over a longer period after the intervention has concluded. A meta-analysis of clinical trials on weight loss with a minimum one-year follow-up period reported a weight loss by different interventions involving reduced energy diet and/or weight-management medication during the first six months; after six months, weight loss plateaued. Weight loss based on a very-low energy diet resulted in a major mean weight loss of 17.9 kg (16% of body weight) at the six-month follow-up, but this was followed by a rapid weight gain; at the 12-month follow-up, the mean weight loss was 10.9 kg (10% of the patients' body weight) and at 36 months it was 5.6 kg (5% of body weight) [16]. These results support that patients participating in a weight loss intervention slowly regain weight over time. The meta-analysis also showed that patients in studies with a four-year follow-up period had maintained some of the weight loss at that time; a mean 3-6 kg (3-6% of their body weight) [16]. This may indicate a slow weight regain, but it this remains unknown due to the maximum follow-up time of four years.
The lack of a sustained weight loss in our study may be explained by a lack of support after the intervention had concluded and a lack of established new habits on the part of the patients. Understanding the patient's problems maintaining a weight loss may help inform the clinicians in their communication with patients with obesity - who may wish and should be encouraged to lose weight - about the importance of strategies to maintain weight loss over a longer period of time. A study by Christensen et al. [17] showed that it is possible to maintain a weight loss similar to that achieved in our intervention for three years after patients had lost 10% of their body weight and maintained the weight loss at one-year follow-up. The weight loss scheme comprised a daily meal replacement or intermittent low-energy diet combined with group-based dietary and behavioural interventions lead by a dietitian [17]. In our study, the distribution of formula food in the intervention group concluded one year after surgery. However, it was possible for the patients to buy the formula food themselves.
With weight regain, waist circumference may be expected to expand, and the absence of any change in systolic blood pressure between the groups from preoperatively to the seven-year follow-up may be seen in the context of the regained weight and waist circumference in the intervention group. According to a study by Lean et al. [13], the odds for hypertension will increase with increased waist circumference [13]. Furthermore, it is well known that blood pressure increases with age because the arteries become stiffer and more resilient. Therefore, an increase in blood pressure over time would have been unavoidable. The same study showed an increase in the odds for Type 2 diabetes with an increasing waist circumference; men with a waist circumference equal to or exceeding 102 cm had 4.45 higher odds than men with a waist circumference of less than 94 cm of developing Type 2 diabetes [13]. The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes increases with age; and over the past 20 years, the number of people registered with diabetes has tripled in Denmark. The cause of this increase is probably due to an ageing population that is becoming less physically active and increasingly obese [18, 19]. The results of the aforementioned study [13] may explain why the prevalence of hypertension and Type 2 diabetes had increased from the time before operation to follow-up. In our study, none of the patients had the recommended waist circumference below 94 cm for men and 80 cm for women.
PRO at the seven-year follow-up showed an overall improvement of the KOOS sub-scores within the two groups. This is in agreement with another study with seven-year follow-up after TKA [20] and a meta-analysis of cohort studies with 12-month follow-up [8]. TKA is an effective operation in the treatment of OA of the knee that for many patients entails less pain and increased mobility, and the primary study by Liljensøe et al. [12] verified this.
The greatest limitation of this study was the large number of patients lost to follow-up from baseline to the seven-year follow-up; 27 of 76 included patients (35%). The low number of patients in this study reduced its power and increased the risk of type-2 error. A strength of this study was the long follow-up period of seven years after TKA, illuminating how difficult it is to maintain a weight loss after a dietary intervention. This indicates a need for more support to sustain weight losses in this patient group.
The results at the follow-up seven years after TKA showed that patients were unable to sustain their weight loss without support. The patients in the intervention group gained both the lost and some additional weight, and the majority of the patients had hypertension. At the seven-year follow-up, no differences were observed in hypertension, diabetes, PRO and knee ROM among patients who were randomised to the weight loss intervention and patients who received standard care before TKA.
The results of the present study underpin the importance of support in sustaining weight loss over a longer period in this patient group. The results also show that it is feasible and safe to implement a weight loss intervention before TKA, but the study also demonstrates the need for long-term interventions to support weight maintenance after weight loss interventions in patient with obesity before TKA.
Ethical approval
Approval for the RCT was obtained from The Regional Committees on Health Ethics for Central Denmark (Journal number: S-201001309). The study was registered with www.ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01469403). Furthermore, the study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration and good clinical practice guidelines. Finally, the study was approved by the Danish Data Protection Agency (1-16-02-27-20). The patients gave written informed consent prior to their inclusion.
Correspondence Anne Thomasen. E-mail: anne_thomasen3@me.com
Accepted 11 November 2021
Conflicts of interest none. Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available with the article at ugeskriftet.dk/dmj
References can be found with the article at ugeskriftet.dk/dmj
Cite this as Dan Med J 2022;69(2):A06210510
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