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text:
The Gateway of India
The nature has very effectively barricaded and isolated the peninsula of the Indian subcontinent peninsula.. Towards North, towering heights of the Himalayan peaks, towards North-West, Hindukush ranges and on the West side, the ranges of Suleiman and Toba Kakar mountains have always dissuaded intruders from taking up any misadventures. Yet many aspiring men, lured by the wealth of India, have tried over the years and have succeeded to break through these barricades and invade India. From Alexander in 326 B.C. to Ahmad shah Abdali in 1759, men from Europe, Central Asia and Iran, Afghanistan have launched campaigns to Indian subcontinent, to loot and plunder the riches of India. Some of these highly ambitious men even managed to establish their Kingdoms and Empires on the Indian soil for a period of time. I was puzzled by these facts and always wondered as to how these men actually managed to reach India in spite of such overbearing natural obstacles.
These invaders had two gateways available to them to enter India. First of the two, Khyber Pass, is very well known and documented. However there exists another gateway towards south, to enter the Indian Subcontinent. I was unaware of the existence of this gateway and read about it only very recently. I found it very interesting, as this gateway has been in extensive use from even before 7500 BC and right up to the Nineteenth century. The hunter gatherers of pre-historic period, have used it. Nomads in search of better pastures, have used it. Invading armies have used it to enter or exit India. Kandahar is one of the major cities in Afghanistan. About 200 KM east of this city, Quetta city in present day Pakistan, is located. The terrain between these two cities is however mostly of flat nature presenting no difficulty to any traveling individual or an army. However about 70 KM east of Quetta, a traveler would face not so easily surmountable mountain ranges of Toba Kakar or Central Brahui in Baluchistan. Unless these mountain ranges are crossed, it is almost impossible to enter the Indian Peninsula.
Bolan river flows through a series of narrow gorges and valleys through this mountain range. A route along the narrow gorges of Bolan river is known as the Bolan Pass because of the name of the river. This route is probably the easiest way of entering India. In eleventh century, Muhammad of Ghazani used this route to carry home the loot, which he had plundered from the Somanath temple on Gujrat Coast. In the year 1759, Ahmad Shah Abdali with his 40000 strong army and heavy field guns had entered India to fight Maratha armies through this pass. In 1838-38 about 21000 strong British forces had passed through this pass to fight Afghanistan.
After making sustained efforts between years 1876 and 1898, the colonial British Government had succeeded in establishing a railway line through this pass. This railway used to run between Sibi town in Pakistan to Quetta. It has been recorded that elephants were brought to Bolan Pass to carry engines and other heavy stuff for the railways.
The Bolan pass consists of a series of long and narrow valleys or gorges extending for 55 miles (89 km) from Rindli in the south to Darwāza near Kolpur in the north. Its widest point (16 miles [26 km]) is in the Laleji Plain, south of Mach town. A route along the banks of the Bolan River, has been used for thousands of years by traders, invaders, and nomadic tribes between India and higher Asia.
It is however for a totally different reason, that the Bolan pass has become so well known internationally. In the pre-historic India, entire human habitation here was wiped out, around 74000 thousand years ago, when a super giant volcano erupted at Toba, located on Sumatra island of Indonesia. About 6 meter high layer of ash and volcanic tephra, from this eruption, was deposited on the entire Indian subcontinent, killing entire human habitation. It was much later, i.e. about 15000 BC, that the human migration again started towards India. One route that was followed was from Malaysia and Myanmar. The second route of human migration was from Iran and Afghanistan. This route was found to pass through Bolan pass.
The humans that migrated to India prior to 7500 BC were hunter-gatherers and except for few stone tools did not leave any reminiscent traces behind. The human migrants that arrived at Bolan pass after 7500 BC were essentially humans living in villages; They knew art of agriculture and pottery making. They had domesticated animals like sheep. They used to worship fertility and had a fertility Goddess.
Goddess of Fertility
Bolan river, as it flows out of Toba Kakar ranges, drains out of the highlands of Baluchistan into Kachi plains. A major discovery was made in 1976 when the site of Mehrgarh, on the Kachi Plain of the Indus Valley in Pakistan (29°25′ N, 67°35′ E) was discovered. Mehrgarh site, located on the banks of Bolan river, is a major archaeological discovery covering an area of over 495 acres (200 ha). A range of objects such as human skeletons, artifacts, partially burnt grains, animal bones and house structures were discovered in this area. After carbon dating, it was found that the remains were from the period 7500 BC to 3500 BC , which established that the Mehrgarh settlement was the earliest human settlement ever found in Indian subcontinent and humans lived at this site for a period of about 4000 years.
Photograph Taken on site
Colonial British rules had erected a, now well known, structure, called Gateway of India in the Mumbai harbour in the year 1911 to commemorate the visit to India by British king George V and the Queen Mary. However, the true and original Gateway of India can be found farther north, in the Balochistan highlands. Bolan pass is the real and original Gateway of India without any doubt.
Labels: Afghanistan, Ahmad shah Abdali, Alexander, bolan pass, Bolan River, Gateway of India, India, Kandahar, Khyber pass, Mehrgarh, Pakistan, Pre historic human migrations, Quetta, Toba Kakar
Wow .. amazing .
Akshardhool August 10, 2012 at 8:15 AM
Aneesh -
Thanks for your response

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
Oxygen-16 (16O) is a stable isotope of oxygen, having 8 neutrons and 8 protons in its nucleus. It has a mass of . Oxygen-16 is the most abundant isotope of oxygen and accounts for 99.762% of oxygen's natural abundance. The relative and absolute abundance of 16O are high because it is a principal product of stellar evolution and because it is a primordial isotope, meaning it can be made by stars that were initially made exclusively of hydrogen. Most 16O is synthesized at the end of the helium fusion process in stars; the triple-alpha process creates 12C, which captures an additional 4He to make 16O. The neon-burning process creates additional 16O. Oxygen-16 is doubly magic.

Solid samples (organic and inorganic) for 16O studies are usually stored in silver cups and measured with pyrolysis and mass spectrometry. Researchers need to avoid improper or prolonged storage of the samples for accurate measurements.

Oxygen-16 was originally the standard from which the atomic masses of all nuclides were defined, i.e., one atomic mass unit was defined as  the mass of oxygen-16, though the atomic mass unit has since been redefined relative to carbon-12.

References

Oxygen-16

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Cats.Models
{
   public class LossReason
    {
       public int LossReasonId { get; set; }
       public string LossReasonEg { get; set; }
       public string LossReasonAm { get; set; }
       public string LossReasonCodeEg { get; set; }
       public string LossReasonCodeAm { get; set; }
       public string Description { get; set; }

    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
T&T Supermarkets Expanding into Quebec with 1st Store: CEO Interview
T&T Supermarket on College Street in Toronto (Photo: Dustin Fuhs)
T&T Supermarkets is continuing to expand in the Canadian market and announced on Thursday it will be opening its first store in Quebec in the next 12 to 24 months.
The news comes after the recent announcement that the company would open a new location in the winter of 2022 in the CF Fairview Mall in Toronto.
"After receiving many requests over the years from T&T fans who live in Montreal, I'm happy to say we are finally coming," said Tina Lee, CEO of T&T Supermarkets. "Our goal is always to be at the forefront of Asian food innovation, and I am so excited to introduce our offering to Montreal, a city that has such a vibrant food-loving culture.
Tina Lee, CEO of T&T Supermarkets (CNW Group/Loblaw Companies Limited)
"Montreal is the second largest city in Canada. Certainly on the population side it's only second to Toronto and that also goes for its East Asian population, which I feel is large enough for T&T to give it a try and open one store there, albeit in a new province which gives its own complexities.
"Also what I feel very encouraged about after visiting Montreal in the summer is that I've come to appreciate that Quebeckers are quite a food-loving culture. I think we're going to appeal to more than just the Chinese-Canadian population. We are hoping to welcome non-Asians as well to the store because food is such a big part of living in Montreal, celebrating every meal. And T&T product I hope will resonate really well with the local community. That gives me optimism that our store will do well there."
T&T Supermarkets is the largest Asian supermarket chain in Canada, with 29 stores, operating in British Columbia, Alberta, and Ontario. T&T Supermarkets was founded in Vancouver in 1993 and is now led by second generation successor Lee. T&T Supermarket is headquartered in Richmond, BC, with offices in Toronto. It is owned by Loblaw Companies.
"Since joining Loblaw, I have gotten to know T&T Supermarkets and it simply must be brought to Quebec," said Robert Sawyer, COO of Loblaw Companies Limited and a resident of Montreal. "It's not just the Asian population that is going to love this store – all Quebeckers from different backgrounds are going to really enjoy this unique shopping destination. We all miss travelling the world to explore new flavours. Pretty soon the people of Montreal will be able to experience the best Asian food offering I've seen right here in the city."
Lee said the company is finalizing its site selection and narrowing in on the island of Montreal and it will be a typical T&T size of about 40,000 square feet.
It is also starting recruitment efforts for Department Heads, Assistant Department Heads and Department Supervisors, who live in Montreal. Training can be conducted in any of the existing T&T stores, with the closest store to Montreal being Ottawa. As the store opens, the company will hire over 300 people to join the T&T team.
It is also reaching out to local vendors in Montreal in preparation for the launch of the new location.
Image: T&T Supermarket at Willowbrook Shopping Centre
The T&T story began in 1993 when Cindy Lee, an immigrant from Taiwan and a working mother of three, had a simple dream to help families by bringing the best of Asian fresh food and groceries under one roof. Helped by her husband Jack, Lee opened two stores in Burnaby and Richmond, BC. The name of the supermarket relates to her two daughters Tina and Tiffany and the initials of two early investors.
In 1998, T&T launched restaurant-quality sushi and dim sum which was the start of the supermarket pioneering in-store food innovation.
In 1999, it opened its first location outside of BC in Calgary at the Pacific Place Mall and then in 2002 it opened its ninth store at the Promenade Mall in Thornhill, Ontario.
The company was acquired by Loblaw in 2009 with Cindy Lee continuing as CEO and the Lee family remaining a significant shareholder.
In 2014, Cindy retired and was succeeded by daughter Tina.
Cadillac Fairview Adding Grocery Stores to Shopping Centres as T&T Supermarket is Announced for CF Fairview Mall: Interviews
T&T Supermarket Opens at Willowbrook Shopping Centre in Langley BC
T&T Supermarkets Continues Aggressive Store Expansion Plans: CEO Interview


- sDrive18d- sDrive18d Aut.- xDrive20d- xDrive20d- xDrive20d Aut.- xDrive20d Aut.- xDrive20i- xDrive20i- xDrive20i Aut.- xDrive20i Aut.- xDrive28i- xDrive28i- xDrive30d- xDrive30d- xDrive35d- xDrive35d- xDrive35i- xDrive35i Aut.
With a fuel consumption of 7.9 litres/100km - 36 mpg UK - 30 mpg US (Average), 0 to 100 km/h (62mph) in 8.3 seconds, a maximum top speed of 131 mph (210 km/h), a curb weight of 3902 lbs (1770 kgs), the F25 X3 xDrive20i has a turbocharged In-line 4 cylinder engine, Petrol motor.
This engine produces a maximum power of 184 PS (181 bhp - 135 kW) at 5000 rpm and a maximum torque of 270 Nm (199 lb.ft) at 1250-4500 rpm. The power is transmitted to the road by the all wheel drive (AWD) with a 6 speed Manual gearbox.
About chassis details responsible for road holding, handling behaviour and ride confort, the F25 X3 has Coil springs. front suspension and Coil springs. rear suspension. Stock tire sizes are 225 / 60 on 17 inch rims at the front, and 225 / 60 on 17 inch rims at the rear. For stopping power, the F25 X3 xDrive20i braking system includes Vented Discs at the front and Vented Discs at the rear.
The F25 X3 model is a TT car manufactured by BMW, with 5 doors and 5 seats, sold new from year 2012.


text:
using namespace tonnerre;
using namespace chaudiere;

const std::string MessageSocketServiceHandler::handlerName =
   "MessageSocketServiceHandler";

//******************************************************************************

MessageSocketServiceHandler::MessageSocketServiceHandler(MessageHandler* handler) :
   m_handler(handler) {
   Logger::logInstanceCreate("MessageSocketServiceHandler");
}

//******************************************************************************

MessageSocketServiceHandler::~MessageSocketServiceHandler() {
   Logger::logInstanceDestroy("MessageSocketServiceHandler");
}

//******************************************************************************

void MessageSocketServiceHandler::serviceSocket(SocketRequest* socketRequest) {
   MessageRequestHandler messageRequestHandler(socketRequest, m_handler);
   messageRequestHandler.run();
}

//******************************************************************************

const std::string& MessageSocketServiceHandler::getName() const {
   return handlerName;
}

//******************************************************************************


He's the president of FFB, bit could Marlon Kuylen be the fish from rivabottom? He has written a sweeping and often scathing review of the organization he was forced to lead after an election deadlock. Kuylen writes, quote, "In my opinion, fixing the problems plaguing the FFB is achievable, but not a quick fix, and will take a complete change in culture. As it now stands, with the current mentality of some of the elected officials in the organization, they are part of the problem, instead of part of the solution. "
And that's only for openers. He goes on to suggest, quote, "The Statutes and Codes need a complete review and revamping. Currently, the articles are too vague, and can be easily manipulated and abused. In fact, in this upcoming election, I could have placed myself at an advantage to win the presidency; and although it would not have been illegal, it would have plunged the Federation into serious discord…"
He also suggests, quote, "Presidents must not rely on the FFB for their livelihood, lest the funds that should be used for courses, tournaments and developmental projects end up elsewhere."
And then he nails it, saying, quote: "Believe me, some former and current employees and elected officials have a lot to answer for, as a review of our books has turned up what can be considered as "questionable transactions."
To that, he adds, quote, "There needs to be a provision in place preventing Presidents from signing contracts to protect their "friends" (employees) beyond the Executive's term of office.
As proof of this later on Kuylen adds that the Secretariat which he found was not being run professionally; and he says, quote, "somes were hired just because they were friends or relatives; and some persons on the "inside" were still loyal to the past President. He laments, quote, "my efforts to "infuse integrity and good order" were grossly undermined. Foolishly, I gave everybody a chance to prove their worth and did not "clean house," as many of my counterparts in other countries were advising; so, I, and by extension our Federation and country, ultimately paid the price.
He fills this out by saying, quote, "Six ridiculous contracts were signed by the former President to some of his most loyal "soldiers" to prevent them from losing their jobs under the new regime and, in my opinion, keep them inside to organize his return to office.
He concludes, quote, "We must rid ourselves of those that are in the federation for personal gain, who talk more than work, or waste their energies in negativity."


text:
NIMASA challenges piracy reports on Nigerian waters
By Sulaimon Salau
Dakuku Peterside, NIMASA Boss
The Director-General, Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA), Dr. Dakuku Peterside, has called on the International Maritime Bureau (IMB) to ensure fairness and balance in its reportage of piracy issues on Nigeria's territorial waters.
Peterside regretted what he described as 'exaggeration of reports' on incidences on the country's waterways by the IMB, a specialised department of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), dedicated to fighting maritime crime and malpractice.
He made the assertions Tuesday in Lagos, when a delegation of the International Maritime Security Operations Team (IMSOT) from the United Kingdom paid a working visit to the Agency.
He bemoaned the alleged distortion of facts in the coverage of Nigeria by the Bureau, saying such distortions can do reputational damage to the country within the international community.
He noted that even the slightest crime in the creeks and harbours of Nigeria were often reported as piracy by the IMB Piracy Reporting Centre.
Dakuku said: "Let me use this opportunity to call on the IMB to, please, report Nigeria appropriately and appreciate the efforts we are making to curtail security incidences within our maritime space. Is it in our laws that we are strengthening, is it investment in intelligence, maritime security and safety and also the regional collaboration we have engaged in, among other efforts being made.
"We have made tremendous progress because we are putting a lot of effort, and we are willing and determined to work with anybody who can assist us to ensure that the maritime space in Nigeria is safe and secure for everybody," he said.
Peterside also said the Agency has put mechanisms in place to reduce piracy to the barest minimum. These include investing in satellite surveillance system, which has the capacity to view all vessels on the country's waterways; supporting the security agencies to acquire assets that will enable them fight piracy and other maritime crimes; and proposing an anti-piracy bill that, when it becomes law, will give NIMASA the authority to prosecute maritime related crimes, among others.
In his words, "Maritime security is multi-sectoral, and the need for collaboration cannot be overstated; hence the reason the Agency has continuously embraced collaboration with relevant government agencies and stakeholders with the intent of realising a robust maritime sector in line with best global practices.
"We will continue to accord high priority to the issues of maritime crimes so that we can maximally benefit from the Blue Economy initiative, which is now the focus in the global maritime space," he said.
The IMSOT Team Leader, Leigh Smith, commended NIMASA for its efforts to maintain security on the country's territorial waters and high sea, and urged continuous collaboration in the areas of technology and information-sharing.
Peterside also inaugurated the International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code Implementation Committee (ICIC), and charged the committee to ensure there was a remarkable difference in the next one-year through their actions, the rules and regulation set, and collaboration with other stakeholders.
Dakuku PetersideICCNIMASA


text:
Home » Topics » Addiction
Publish Date February 27, 2019
Examining the Relationships Among Opioid Use, Overdose, and Suicide
Batya Swift Yasgur, MA, LSW
The combined number of opioid-related suicides and overdoses almost tripled from 2000 to 2017.
Opioid-related mortality in the United States has increased at an alarming rate during the last 2 decades as a result of both suicide and unintentional overdose, posing a major public health concern. The combined number of opioid-related suicides and overdoses almost tripled from 2000 to 2017 (going from 41,364 to 110,749).1 Suicide and unintentional overdose have both been targets of large-scale prevention efforts (eg, with the National Strategy for Suicide Prevention and the State Targeted Response to the Opioid Crisis grant program of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration).2 In October 2018, President Trump announced that his administration was declaring the opioid crisis a national Public Health Emergency under federal law, and directing all executive agencies to "use every appropriate emergency authority to fight the opioid crisis."3
A recent article examines the relationship between opioids and both forms of mortality: overdose and suicide.1 Unlike the relationship between opioids and unintentional overdose, the connection between opioid use and suicide risk is unclear, and opioid use disorder is thought to be associated with suicide to a greater degree compared with other substance use disorders.
"Overdose and suicide have both increased in recent years in the US, unlike almost every other common cause of death," lead author Amy Bohnert, PhD, associate professor at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, told Clinical Pain Advisor. "Overdose and suicide are typically considered 2 different problems. We wanted to bring attention to the ways in which they are related to one another and could be addressed by some of the same approaches. There are a number of fundamental causes of overdose and suicide that go through the path of opioids, including biological, health system factors, and population trends of supply and demand," she added.
The Pain Connection
"This biologic mechanism is supported by epidemiologic data that have shown that chronic-pain diagnoses are linked to suicide, and these associations are only partially explained by co-occurring mental health conditions," according to the review authors. Although pain is also associated with opioid overdose, it appears that the association between chronic pain and suicide is mediated by the quantity of opioids prescribed.
The Role of the Medical System
Since the early 2000s, attitudes toward pain management have shifted, with a focus on managing untreated pain. This concern has led to increased numbers of prescriptions (and dosages) of opioids. Although the connection between the increase in prescription opioids and overdoses was acknowledged as early as 2000, a connection between these drugs and suicide has taken more time to be recognized.
Intent Sometimes Unclear
One of the conceptual links between suicide and overdose suggests that intentional overdoses may be considered a form of suicide. However, "it is challenging to classify overdose events according to intent," especially when those events are fatal, the authors note.
Moreover, the authors add, the "intentionality" of overdose may be "dimensional, rather than categorical, and both fatal and nonfatal events may not be fully intentional or unintentional." In addition, patients may not be able to differentiate between an overdose that was a suicide attempt and an overdose that was unintentional, or may regard the perceived intent differently after surviving the overdose.
Shared Risk Factors
There are several important shared risk factors between suicide and overdose, Dr Bohnert noted. "Both suicide and overdose, particularly opioid-related overdoses, are higher in men than in women, with opioid use related to both, but in complicated ways," she said. Suicide and unintentional overdose rates were approximately twice as high in men vs women in 2017.4 They were highest for people identifying as white or Native American and lowest among people who identified as black or Asian.4 They were also highest during midlife (41-64 years old) and lowest among older people (≥65 years). However, the authors point out, there were also several "notable divergences" between the 2 causes of death, with suicide rates remaining high for white men (≥65 years) and rates of unintentional overdoses declining dramatically after age 64 years. White women as well as black and Native American men and women had "notably" higher rates of unintentional overdose than of suicide during midlife. The authors caution that these differences "may reflect known racial biases in medical-examiner rulings."
"Mental health conditions are common among those who die by overdose, and not just [by] suicide," Dr Bohnert observed. Nearly all common mental conditions are associated with unintentional overdose, including overdoses of both illicit and prescription drugs.5 Substance use disorders are more strongly associated with unintentional overdoses, and other mental health conditions are more strongly associated with intentional overdose.6
The authors note that the risk for both suicide and overdose is likely to be highest among those with co-occurring mental health disorders. The risk is further increased by concurrent use of other medications and drugs, or of recreational drugs (eg, alcohol and cocaine), and use of benzodiazepines. However, concurrent use of antidepressants, which the authors describe as "a well-established treatment for suicidality," can reduce the risk for drug overdose in patients with depression who were being treated with opioid analgesics.7
Dental Procedure-Related Opioid Exposure and Later Risk for Opioid Abuse
Extended-Release Naltrexone Improves Psychiatric Disorders During Addiction Therapy
Direct-to-Doctor Payments May Increase Opioid Prescribing
Assessing the Risk
"There are a couple of different options for 'risk scores,' which can help clinicians assess the risk for overdose and suicide," Dr Bohnert noted. These can include electronic tools that calculate a specific patient's level of risk for suicide, overdose, or both, based on data contained in electronic health records.8-10 These may help identify individuals who could benefit from additional services.
Patients who have been identified as being at additional risk should have an in-depth assessment of behavioral risk factors and suicidal thoughts or plans, as well as previous suicide attempts and nonfatal overdoses.
"For individuals worrying about their own risk, using a self-administered assessment of opioid misuse, like the Current Opioid Misuse Measure, can help gain a sense of whether the way you are handling your opioids might be risky," added Dr Bohnert. "Other things to look out for are using opioids around the same time as other substances like alcohol and benzodiazepines, feeling overly sleepy or like a 'zombie,' or finding that opioids have become a focus in life to the point where it is affecting other things."
Shared Prevention Approaches
The review authors recommend several "potential prevention opportunities, based on these shared conceptual links."
For counseling or psychotherapy delivered to at-risk individuals by mental health professionals, evidence supports the use of cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing in suicide prevention. General mental health counseling and psychotherapy may also reduce the risk for both suicide and unintentional overdose. Although addiction treatment and mental health centers are well-positioned to provide these treatments, other clinicians can also integrate these approaches into their primary care practices, especially as behavioral pain management interventions are associated with improvements in functional outcomes in patients with chronic pain. "It is plausible that improvements in pain-related domains through counseling could also reduce the risk of suicide," the authors note.
Reducing opioid dosage is described by the authors as "a controversial strategy relevant for people who receive prescriptions for potentially risky medication regimens or who exhibit signs of opioid misuse." The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends against escalating dosages for new patients above 90 morphine milligram equivalents, a threshold that has also been interpreted as a goal for tapering efforts.11
"To this end, clinicians should ask about their patients' access to opioids, including past prescriptions and medications prescribed to others in the same home," advise the review authors. It is unknown, however, whether tapering modifies the risk for suicide or overdose, the authors caution.
Naloxone has been shown to reduce opioid-related emergency department visits.12 Ideally, naloxone will be provided to a person who lives with the patient at risk for overdose and may be helpful not only with unintentional overdose but also with reversing suicide attempts.
Medication-assisted therapy, which combines medication (methadone, buprenorphine-naloxone, or naltrexone) and counseling for opioid use disorders, has been shown to reduce mortality, and particularly overdose mortality. However, suicide and overdose still continue to occur, even when at-risk individuals are receiving these interventions. Risk is highest at treatment initiation or sudden discontinuation. "Prevention should involve addressing these critical transition periods," the authors emphasize.
Unresolved Issues and Controversies
The authors note several areas that require more research. One outstanding question is whether opioid tapering may result in patients transitioning to heroin use or uncontrolled pain, thereby increasing suicidality. "I think there is certainly a lot of reason to believe that people who were prescribed opioids for a long time and then abruptly stopped without adequate support for either potential issues of substance abuse or pain would be at risk for transitioning to obtaining opioids from nonlegal sources," Dr Bohnert observed. "I don't think this has been well-studied, so it is difficult to quantify how often this may be happening."
Another outstanding issue is the way in which the risks for overdose and suicide have been studied. The authors point out that most research into these risks has been based on data from medical claims or research, with "only moderate predictive value." They suggest that a potential measure to improve risk detection could be the level of opioid misuse, using measures such as the Current Opioid Misuse Measure.13
Last, "both suicide and overdose continue to result in a substantial burden of deaths in the United States, despite many clinical initiatives and numerous changes in state and federal policy," the authors state. This suggests that prevention efforts thus far have been insufficient or effective only in addressing harm related to prescription opioids, but not the "wave" of heroin use and use of illegal synthetic opioids. "Improving access to and the quality of treatment of mental health conditions, pain, and opioid use disorders, is likely to result in reductions in rates of both overdose and suicide," Dr Bohnert concluded.
1. Bohnert ASB, Ilgen MA. Understanding links among opioid use, overdose, and suicide. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(1):71-79.
2. US Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Surgeon General, National Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention. 2012 National strategy for suicide prevention: goals and objectives for action. A report of the U.S. Surgeon General and the National Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention. Washington, DC: Department of Health and Human Services, September 2012 .
3. The White House. The opioid crisis. Available at: https://www.whitehouse.gov/opioids/. Accessed: December 18, 2018.
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER), 2018. Available at: https://wonder.cdc.gov. Accessed: January 16, 2019.
5. Bohnert AS, Ilgen MA, Ignacio RV, McCarthy JF, Valenstein M, Blow FC. Risk of death from accidental overdose associated with psychiatric and substance use disorders. Am J Psychiatry 2012;169(1):64-70.
6. Bohnert AS, McCarthy JF, Ignacio RV, Ilgen MA, Eisenberg A, Blow FC. Misclassification of suicide deaths: examining the psychiatric history of overdose decedents. Inj Prev. 2013;19(5):326-330.
7. Turner BJ, Liang Y. Drug Overdose in a retrospective cohort with non-cancer pain treated with opioids, antidepressants, and/or sedative-hypnotics: interactions with mental health disorders. J Gen Intern Med. 2015;30(8):1081-1096.
8. Oliva EM, Bowe T, Tavakoli S, et al. Development and applications of the Veterans Health Administration's Stratification tool for Opioid Risk Mitigation (STORM) to improve opioid safety and prevent overdose and suicide. Psychol Serv 2017;14(1):34-49.
9. Glanz JM, Narwaney KJ, Mueller SR, Gardner EM, Calcaterra SL, et al. Prediction model for two-year risk of opioid overdose among patients prescribed chronic opioid therapy. J Gen Intern Med. 2018;33(10):1646-1653.
10. Simon GE, Johnson E, Lawrence JM, Rossom RC, Ahmedani B, Lynch FL, et al. Predicting suicide attempts and suicide deaths following outpatient visits using electronic health records. Am J Psychiatry. 2018;175(10):951-960.
11. Dowell D, Haegerich TM, Chou R. CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain–United States, 2016. JAMA. 2016 Apr 19;315(15):1624-1645.
12. Coffin PO, Behar E, Rowe C, et al. Nonrandomized intervention study of naloxone coprescription for primary care patients receiving long-term opioid therapy for pain. Ann Intern Med. 2016;165(4):245-252.
13. Butler SF, Budman SH, Fernandez KC, et al. Development and validation of the Current Opioid Misuse Measure. Pain. 2007;130(1-2):144-156.
Opioid-Use Disorder Suicide and Self-Harm
Next post in Addiction
Racial/Ethnic, Income Disparities Identified in the Opioid Epidemic
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One of the more popular posts has been this ode to turkey.
Hence this repeat first posted in November of 2013.
a bit of Turkey folklore out there?
of you turkeys out there! Gobble up!
purveyor is selling them. Of course.
you can get a turkey hunting license!
grandmothers stir in their graves.
and meat. MIND THE GAP!
and enjoy the thrill of "dressing" up!
minutes per pound at 325 degrees.
Lots of folks sew up the orifices.
stuffing moist, it's easy to retrieve.
Grannie's pan lid in the basement.
take it off during the final hour.
just enough to hit our rack's bottom.
chef likes his men on the beach!
of the stuffing. Some advise immediately.
you do, ENJOY YOUR TURKEY!
TODAY IS THE DAY - VOTE!


Organ failure is a hallmark of sepsis. As the body is overwhelmed, its organs begin to shut down, causing even more problems. The kidneys are often among the first to be affected.
According to the National Kidney Foundation, one of the major causes of acute kidney injury (also called AKI) is sepsis and some studies have found that between 32% and 48% of acute kidney injury cases were caused by sepsis.
Most people are born with two kidneys. It is possible to live with one kidney and many people do. These bean-shaped organs are each about the size of your fist and are found in your lower back, one on each side of the spine.
The kidneys' role is to filter the blood for waste products that come from what you eat and drink. The nutrients are kept and the waste is eliminated through your urine. After the kidney has made the urine, it flows down to the bladder where it is held until you empty it by urinating.
Another term for kidney function is renal function – the two terms are used interchangeably.
There are two ways the kidneys could be affected by sepsis. The first is if the infection that caused the sepsis begins in the kidney, through a kidney infection or a bladder infection that has spread to the kidney. The second is if the cascade of events from sepsis causes the kidney damage.
In sepsis and septic shock, your blood pressure drops dangerously low, affecting how the blood flows through your body. Because the blood can't flow as quickly as it should, it can't deliver the nutrients needed by the body's tissues and organs. At the same time, the blood begins to clot within the blood vessels (called disseminated intravascular coagulation, or DIC), slowing down blood flow even more.
The low blood pressure and DIC both contribute to the kidneys' failure. Acute kidney failure symptoms Signs that your kidneys have stopped working effectively are caused by the buildup of fluid and toxins in the body. The most obvious sign is a decrease in the amount of urine that is put out, although this isn't always the case. Some people do continue to produce urine, but lab tests will show that the urine is not normal.
Someone with acute kidney injury usually also looks swollen, as the fluid accumulates in the body's tissues. This swelling is called edema and can come on very quickly.
Urine and blood tests tell doctors how well your kidneys are functioning, so many samples are taken during diagnosis and treatment. For example, the doctors test for creatinine, which is created when muscle begins to break down. A BUN test (blood urea nitrogen) tells you if a substance called urea is building up in the blood, an indicator that the kidneys are not filtering waste properly.
When someone has sepsis or septic shock, the doctors work to treat the sepsis, the infection that caused the sepsis, and the damage that the sepsis has done, such as the kidney failure.
If the kidneys are not working efficiently enough to filter toxins and allow urine to flow, an artificial way of filtering the kidneys, dialysis, will be needed. Dialysis is not a cure but it gives the doctors a way to clean the blood while they try to get everything else under control. There are two types of dialysis, hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Peritoneal dialysis is generally used for people with chronic kidney failure, but it can be used for acute kidney failure where hemodialysis isn't possible, in areas with limited resources. For example, peritoneal dialysis has been used in Africa, for patients who have malaria-associated acute kidney injury.
With hemodialysis, a machine, called a hemodializer, is the artificial kidney. A catheter (tube) is inserted into the patient's vein and the other end of the catheter leads into the hemodializer. When the process starts, blood flows a few ounces at a time, from the patient's body to the machine, where it is filtered and then sent back through the catheter to the body.
How often dialysis is needed and how long each procedure takes depends on how much kidney function still exists, how small or big the patient is, and how much toxins have accumulated in the blood since the previous treatment. Dialysis can be intermittent (for three or four hours every or every other day) or it can be continuous, but at a slower rate.
In acute kidney failure, dialysis is usually considered a temporary measure as the doctors work to fix the problem that caused the kidneys to stop working effectively. If the kidneys begin to work properly again, even if not at 100 percent, dialysis usually is no longer needed.
Some people do need to continue receiving dialysis treatments if the kidney damage is too severe and is permanent. Since dialysis is not a cure, if they qualify, they may be candidates for a kidney transplant.
Some sepsis survivors continue to have problems with their kidneys, despite recovering from the sepsis itself. If there is lasting kidney damage, patients will be monitored for their kidney function, which would mean having to have regular check-ups and blood tests.


I'm looking for another brand of kitchen knives to carry on my web site.
At the moment all I have is Al Mar.
Like everything I carry I would offer the ability to engrave these.
Re: What should I carry next?
Are kitchen knives a big seller of yours? how about carrying some other knives like Spyderco or Buck?


text:
Advanced Formula Challenges, Esoteric • Tags: Advanced Formula Challenges, Anagram, INDIRECT, LEN, LOWER, Manipulating Arrays, MID, MMULT, OR, ROW, SUBSTITUTE, TRANSPOSE, Vector
Three solutions were offered, two of which from the same person, and both of which were correct! So many congratulations to Bill on successfully solving what was quite a complex challenge!
Indeed, as Ben Schwartz pointed out, this challenge appears to have been set previously on the internet, and seems to have been only partially solved on those occasions. In any case, thanks also to Ben for his suggestion, which he confesses was cobbled together from those previous solutions he found, and which worked in all but a few exceptional cases.
We had some dispute as to whether Bill's first solution was really "to the point", and although it worked for the given dataset, it would have been a challenge indeed (and a rather tortuous task!) to extend that set-up to work for larger datasets as well.
However, the second solution offered by Bill suffered no such drawbacks, and is fully sound. So well done again, Bill!
I would now like to give a breakdown of the solution I came up with, which is quite a bit shorter than Bill's. I'm going to use the formula in A3 as an example (the entry in B1 – "Dale", is perhaps not the best example to choose since that and "Adel" from E1:E10 are the only strings of length four present across both ranges, which will perhaps not serve to highlight all the issues at hand).
The solution, for that cell, is the following array formula:
=OR((LEN($E$1:$E$10)=LEN(B3))*(MMULT(0+(LEN(SUBSTITUTE(LOWER($E$1:$E$10),MID(LOWER(B3),TRANSPOSE(ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&LEN(B3)))),1),""))=LEN(SUBSTITUTE(LOWER(B3),MID(LOWER(B3),TRANSPOSE(ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&LEN(B3)))),1),""))),ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&LEN(B3)))^0))=LEN(B3))
The first part:
LEN($E$1:$E$10)=LEN(B3)
is obvious enough, simply checking which of the entries in E1:E10 have the same number of characters as that in B3, and so resolves to:
{TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE;TRUE;TRUE;TRUE;TRUE;FALSE}
Let's look at the main clause then, and concentrate on the first array being passed to MMULT for now, i.e.:
0+(LEN(SUBSTITUTE(LOWER($E$1:$E$10),MID(LOWER(B3),TRANSPOSE(ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&LEN(B3)))),1),""))=LEN(SUBSTITUTE(LOWER(B3),MID(LOWER(B3),TRANSPOSE(ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&LEN(B3)))),1),"")))
Taking this part:
LEN(SUBSTITUTE(LOWER($E$1:$E$10),MID(LOWER(B3),TRANSPOSE(ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&LEN(B3)))),1),""))
we should be quite happy that:
LOWER($E$1:$E$10)
will simply convert all our entries in E1:E10 to lower case, and so avoid any potential issues that may arise with certain Excel functions considering e.g. "A" to be different from "a" (SUBSTITUTE being one example). Hence the return will look like:
{"andrew";"adel";"shelia";"anelie";"blake";"andria";"shelia";"eleina";"kassia";"daren"}
This array is being passed to the SUBSTITUTE function, for which the old_text parameter is derived from the expression:
MID(LOWER(B3),TRANSPOSE(ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&LEN(B3)))),1)
so let's break this part down.
Well, LOWER(B3) is simply "eliane" and:
TRANSPOSE(ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&LEN(B3))))
resolves to:
TRANSPOSE(ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&6)))
which is:
TRANSPOSE({1;2;3;4;5;6})
i.e. {1,2,3,4,5,6}.
Hence, substituting these back in:
MID("eliane",{1,2,3,4,5,6},1)
and we see therefore that the purpose of this construction was simply to create an array consisting of all the individual characters for the string in B3, since clearly this resolves to the array {"e","l","i","a","n","e"}.
LEN(SUBSTITUTE({"andrew";"adel";"shelia";"anelie";"blake";"andria";"shelia";"eleina";"kassia";"daren"},{"e","l","i","a","n","e"},""))
The important thing to note here (and it may well be worth readers going through some of my previous posts if they are not too familiar with the concept of vector displacement) is that the first of the arrays being passed to the SUBSTITUTE function (the text parameter) is a single-column vector and the second (the old_text parameter) a single-row vector.
This was the reason for the use of TRANSPOSE, since, our two arrays being orthogonal, we know that the array resulting from the two arrays here – one a 10-row-by-1-column array, the other a 1-row-by-6-column array – will be a 10-row-by-6-column array, the entries in which will be the results of the SUBSTITUTE function applied to all 60 combinations generated by pairing each of the 10 elements from the first array with each of the 6 elements in the second. This 10-by-6 matrix will therefore look like:
{"andrw","andrew","andrew","ndrew","adrew","andrw";"adl","ade","adel","del","adel","adl";"shlia","sheia","shela","sheli","shelia","shlia";"anli","aneie","anele","nelie","aelie","anli";"blak","bake","blake","blke","blake","blak";"andria","andria","andra","ndri","adria","andria";"shlia","sheia","shela","sheli","shelia","shlia";"lina","eeina","elena","elein","eleia","lina";"kassia","kassia","kassa","kssi","kassia","kassia";"darn","daren","daren","dren","dare","darn"}
Applying LEN to these will give:
{5,6,6,5,5,5;3,3,4,3,4,3;5,5,5,5,6,5;4,5,5,5,5,4;4,4,5,4,5,4;6,6,5,4,5,6;5,5,5,5,6,5;4,5,5,5,5,4;6,6,5,4,6,6;4,5,5,4,4,4}
The entries in this array correspond to the lengths of the strings in E1:E10 after removing in turn each of the characters in the string "eliane" (i.e. "e", "l", "i", "a", "n" and "e").
For example, the entries in the first row of this matrix – 5,6,6,5,5,5 – equate to the respective lengths resulting from removing "e", "l", "i", "a", "n" and "e" from "andrew".
And the entries in the second row of this matrix – 3,3,4,3,4,3 – equate to the respective lengths resulting from removing "e", "l", "i", "a", "n" and "e" from "adel".
and so on and so on.
Now, I'll come to the reason why we've gone to the effort to construct this array shortly, and also the reason why we're then passing it to MMULT, but first we need to look at the part on the other side of the equals sign within that first array, which is identical to this one apart from the fact that, whereas with the previous version we passed the entire range E1:E10 as the first argument to the SUBSTITUTE function, here we are passing just the single cell B3. This time, then:
LEN(SUBSTITUTE(LOWER(B3),MID(LOWER(B3),TRANSPOSE(ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&LEN(B3)))),1),""))
will resolve to, with a logic similar to that in the previous expansion:
LEN(SUBSTITUTE("eliane",{"e","l","i","a","n","e"},""))
LEN({"lian","eiane","elane","eline","eliae","lian"})
And so, just as in the previous case, all we have done here is to effectively perform six substitutions on the string "eliane", using each of the six individual characters from that same string, and returned an array of the resulting lengths after these substitutions.
But of course this method is doing nothing other than telling us precisely how many of each of those characters appears in that string. So, effectively, the array {4,5,5,5,5,4} can be interpreted as saying, quite simply, that there is/are:
2 occurrences of the character "e" in "eliane"
1 occurrence of the character "l" in "eliane"
1 occurrence of the character "i" in "eliane"
1 occurrence of the character "a" in "eliane"
1 occurrence of the character "n" in "eliane"
All this is self-evident, at least to us: what we have done is merely to generate a means by which we can express those truths in Excel terms.
Now, the reason for all this is that, if, for any of the 10 1-by-6 arrays from our large 60-element matrix – and recall that each of these 1-by-6 arrays consists of the lengths of the 10 strings in E1:E10 after removing each of the 6 letters from "eliane" in turn – all 6 of the elements within that array correspond precisely with these values here ({4,5,5,5,5,4}), and occupy the same place within their respective arrays, then we can conclude that the string corresponding to that particular 1-by-6 array must be an anagram of the string in B3.
To try to clarify, let's take the first row in that large matrix – {5,6,6,5,5,5} – which corresponds to the results of that expression applied to "andrew".
The first element (5) equates to the fact that, after having the first character in "eliane", i.e. "e" removed from it, the length of the resulting string – "andrw" – is 5.
But of course, expressed differently, this is just the same as saying that there is precisely one occurrence of the letter "e" in "andrew".
Similarly, the second element in that array (6) equates to the fact that, after having the second character in "eliane", i.e. "l" removed from it, the length of the resulting string – "andrew" – is still 6 (SUBSTITUTE rather nicely leaves a string unchanged if the old_text parameter is not found).
And, again, this is just the same as saying that there are zero occurrences of the letter "l" in "andrew".
Readers can easily verify that the third, fourth, fifth and sixth elements in that array – 6, 5, 5 and 5 – correspond to the lengths of the strings "andrew", "ndrew", "adrew" and "andrw" respectively.
As such, we can now confidently state that there is/are:
1 occurrence of the character "e" in "andrew"
0 occurrences of the character "l" in "andrew"
0 occurrences of the character "i" in "andrew"
1 occurrence of the character "a" in "andrew"
1 occurrence of the character "n" in "andrew"
(The fact that the last statement is a repetition of the first is not important – I merely left it in for the purpose of completing the analysis.)
And so "andrew" is not an anagram of "eliane". Of course, we can see this straight away, but for Excel things are not so self-evident (in fact, this whole challenge is surprisingly more difficult than it would at first appear).
The next string to be considered, i.e. that from cell E2 ("adel"), is only of length four characters and so will not even get past our initial clause (which checks whether the string is of the same length as that in B3). So let's take the next string from E1:E10 which does pass that test so that we can have another example to look at, and that string will be from cell E3, i.e. "Shelia".
Performing a similar analysis for the third row in our large 10-by-6 matrix then, i.e. {5,5,5,5,6,5}, and recalling that this array derives from having each of the characters in "eliane" respectively removed from "shelia", we can see that this array equates to the statements:
1 occurrence of the character "e" in "shelia"
1 occurrence of the character "l" in "shelia"
1 occurrence of the character "i" in "shelia"
1 occurrence of the character "a" in "shelia"
0 occurrences of the character "n" in "shelia"
Five out of six. Close, but not close enough. Again, I have left the first and last lines in for clarity. What we would ideally want is for both those lines to state "2 occurrences of the character "e" in "shelia"" since that is precisely how many of those characters there are in "eliane".
Let's take one more, if nothing else because the next entry in E1:E10, "anelie", does in fact turn out to be an anagram of "eliane". The row-array corresponding to that name from our large matrix is:
(4,5,5,5,5,4)
and you may recognize this as being precisely the same array which we obtained when we performed those substitutions on the string "eliane" itself. To be consistent, our statements here would be:
2 occurrences of the character "e" in "anelie"
1 occurrence of the character "l" in "anelie"
1 occurrence of the character "i" in "anelie"
1 occurrence of the character "a" in "anelie"
1 occurrence of the character "n" in "anelie"
and of course those are also the precise number of occurrences of each of those letters in "eliane". Hence "anelie" must be an anagram of "eliane".
So we have found one of our anagrams. But Excel does not yet "know" that. What we need to now do is to construct the necessary syntax to instruct Excel to "match" our array of (4,5,5,5,5,4) within the larger 10-row-by-6-column matrix, shown again below:
Ideally we want to somehow return TRUE, based on the fact that, of the 10 1-by-6 arrays in this matrix, there is at least one which is precisely {4,5,5,5,5,4}. (There are in fact two: the 8th row in the above corresponds to the results for the string in E8, i.e. "Eleina", which is also an anagram of "Eliane".)
Matching single elements within single-row or single-column arrays is elementary, and precisely the task for which the MATCH function was designed. But what about matching an array within a larger array? How on earth can we do that?
And this is where MMULT comes in handy. Let's first see how the large construction which makes up this function's first array is resolved once we've set the two arrays calculated above equal to each other, i.e.:
will become:
0+({5,6,6,5,5,5;3,3,4,3,4,3;5,5,5,5,6,5;4,5,5,5,5,4;4,4,5,4,5,4;6,6,5,4,5,6;5,5,5,5,6,5;4,5,5,5,5,4;6,6,5,4,6,6;4,5,5,4,4,4}={4,5,5,5,5,4})
and, resolving this construction involving these two matrices – one a 10-row-by-6-column matrix, the other a 1-row-by-6-column matrix – will produce another 10-row-by-6-column matrix whose entries will consist of Boolean TRUE/FALSE responses to the equality query, i.e.:
0+({FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,TRUE,FALSE;FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE;FALSE,TRUE,TRUE,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE;TRUE,TRUE,TRUE,TRUE,TRUE,TRUE;TRUE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,TRUE,TRUE;FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE;FALSE,TRUE,TRUE,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE;TRUE,TRUE,TRUE,TRUE,TRUE,TRUE;FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE;TRUE,TRUE,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE})
which, adding the zero, gives:
And as you can see, the fourth and eighth rows within this matrix are the only ones to consist of a string of six ones.
Readers familiar with matrix multiplication might realise that, in order to detect whether any of the rows in this array do indeed contain six ones, we simply need to multiply this 10-row-by-6-column matrix with a 6-row-by-1-column unit matrix (i.e. {1;1;1;1;1;1}).
Recall that this 6 is not fixed, however, and is dependent on the fact that we are attempting to find anagrams for "Eliane", a six-letter word. If we were instead looking for anagrams for "Dale", the large matrix we would have generated would not be a 10-row-by-6-column array, as here, but rather a 10-row-by-4-column array.
Hence, to generate the single-column unit vector {1;1;1;1;1;1} (which would be {1;1;1;1} if we were dealing instead with "Dale") dynamically, we use the construction which you can see makes up the second array being passed to MMULT, i.e.
ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&LEN(B3)))^0
which resolves to:
ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&6)))^0
{1;2;3;4;5;6}^0
i.e. {1;1;1;1;1;1}, as required.
Our MMULT construction is now:
MMULT({0,0,0,1,1,0;0,0,0,0,0,0;0,1,1,1,0,0;1,1,1,1,1,1;1,0,1,0,1,1;0,0,1,0,1,0;0,1,1,1,0,0;1,1,1,1,1,1;0,0,1,0,0,0;1,1,1,0,0,1},{1;1;1;1;1;1})
and we can our two sixes in positions 4 and 8 which correspond to our two anagrams "Anelie" and "Eleina".
The rest of the formula is pretty straightforward. Setting the above array equal to the length of the string in B3, i.e. 6, then multiplying the resulting array of Booleans by our first array of Booleans (which recall is simply a check on which of the strings in E1:E10 has a length equal to that in B3), so that, overall:
=OR(({6;4;6;6;5;6;6;6;6;5}=6)*({2;0;3;6;4;2;3;6;1;4})=6)
which gives:
=OR({2;0;3;6;0;2;3;6;1;0}=6)
and finally:
=OR({FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;TRUE;FALSE;FALSE})
which is TRUE, as required.
New challenge to follow shortly. Watch this space!
ROW vs ROWS for consecutive integer generation
INDEX: An alternative to array (CSE) formulas
Ben Schwartz says:
This is totally awesome. Nicely done!
Thanks, Ben! Glad you liked it!
Pingback: #Excel Identifying if a String is the Anagram of Another String Using the TEXTJOIN Function by David Hager | Excel For You


Weather forecast in Cactus today, tomorrow, weekend, week.
+7.2 oC, fair weather, pressure: 672 mmhg, humidity: 63%, wind: north, 4 m/s .
Mostly cloudy, without precipitation, wind northeast, 4 m/s.
Variable clouds, possible precipitation, wind northeast, 7 m/s.


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Guernsey Cricket Grounds
The three grounds have been used by Guernsey when hosting tournaments and Inter Insular matches.
King George V Playing Fields
The large field is situated in the Castel parish not far from Sausmarez Park.
In June 1936 a committee was formed to review the need for a new playing area to compensate for the loss of the Fort Field which was needed again by the recently returned Military Garrison after a period of eight years during which it had been loaned to the civilian population. They decided, unanimously, in favour of a central site, and recommended the purchase of an area of 7.5 acres at Les Blancs Bois.
September 3rd 1939 saw the outbreak of war, and June 1940 the Occupation began. Cricket, football and hockey were played until June 1942 when, in spite of efforts being made to persuade them to build elsewhere, the Germans erected huts and constructed metalled roadways to house Organisation Todt workers. The field was re-sown in May 1948 and cricket resumed in the summer of 1949, and football and hockey later that year.
In 1986 the modern pavilion was opened and the field given an upgrade. Phase One incorporated a complete facelift to the playing areas, involving total re-grading and comprehensive drainage. This increased the playing area by the size of one full size hockey pitch, within the existing boundary.
KGV Pavilion
It comprised an extension of the car park, construction of a new Clubhouse, and purchase of an adjacent plot of land to accommodate four cricket practice nets.
The tired looking facility was ready for another modernisation. In 2016 the Guernsey Sports Commission has been approached by the Trustees of the KGV to come up with a scheme to re-generate and enhance the whole of the existing facility and add on supplementary facilities.
The plans included the construction of a mixed use all-weather playing surface, drainage works, grass pitches, grass and artificial cricket nets, pathways and works to all existing and new perimeter trees. The temporary accommodation for the Dyslexia Day Centre was operated for a number of years before they moved to a more permanent home.
In February 2016 the old Pavilion was demolish and a new extended changing rooms block built.
New changing rooms
The Clubhouse was scheduled for extensive change with extended accommodation for sports administration offices and a new base for Headway.
As of March 2019 the new groundsmen's workshop, yard and storage facilities is being completed. To finish the works, car parking and landscaping will be achieved in time for the European finals of the T20 World Cup in June.
Revamped pavilion when finished
The cricket square was laid in 1997 with Surrey loam. KGV has played host to all the ICC competitions held in Guernsey as well as 9 Inter-Insulars
2. Rovers AC Port Soif
A large ground is set just the other side of the main road to the popular sandy cove of the same name. The playing facilities are the most modern of the three grass pitches used by the Guernsey Cricket Board, and has the added advantage of a cooling breeze!
Port Soif ground
The ground was first leased from Jack Norman in 1969 to make a football pitch. The first match was played in 1970 after preparation and seeding. An extension of the land was made in 1989 and in 1994 Rovers acquired a 99 year lease and permission to build a clubhouse. This was begun in 1995 alongside an artificial cricket wicket, the clubhouse opening in 1996. Guernsey was granted admission to the International Cricket Council in 2005 with their first tournament in 2006 in Scotland. However the first tournament on home soil was in 2008 for the European Division 2 and in 2009 to host World Cricket League Division 7. In order to host a 6-team competition Guernsey needed three grounds and a cricket square of Boughton loam was laid at Rovers (between the two soccer pitches) in 2007.
Clubhouse across the ground
In 2015 the Inter Insular match was played at the seaside ground for the one and only time. It was the first ground in the Channel Islands to have the scoreboard powered by solar panels.
The clubhouse from the cricket square
In 2017 a decision was made, owing to the demise of the amount of cricket being played in Guernsey, that Port Soif would no longer maintain a cricket square
3. Elizabeth College Kings Road
A picturesque ground set among trees in St Peter Port. The square is large and was laid down from the soil of the original field .
A game in progress at College Field
There was a call for the school to provide their own cricket ground in 1879. Two years later there was a debate whether money should be raised for a cricket ground or a laboratory. In 1882 money was raised for a racket and fives court as well as a cricket ground and by June £500 had been contributed. In February 1884 three fields were purchased covering 6 acres at a cost of £1606 and 7 quarters of wheat (just over 2 cubic metres). It was on 5th July 1887 that it was reported that the cricket field had been opened with a match between Elizabeth College and Victoria College (Jersey).
In 1888 the Guernsey Bicycle and Tricycle Club was given permission to lay down a racing track on the field. The pavilion was opened in 1924 and remains today nearly the same as when it was erected.
College pavilion at the King's Road ground
It is the ground of Elizabeth College and tournaments have to be arranged around its availability, usually during holdays.
The ground has been used for 23 Inter-Insulars as well as ICC competitions where Guernsey have played against 13 countries in European events and 21 countries in the World Cricket League.
All three grounds have been well maintained and many close games encountered over the years. They each have their own characteristics, from old to new, from secluded to exposed, but individually they each had their own appearance, quality and specialities. The loss of Port Soif is a great pity as it contributed a lot towards the range of experiences that players need to develop their breadth of skills.


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text:
This Super Rare Aston Martin DB4 GT Zagato Can Be Yours
And you and me and everybody else we know will probably not be able to afford this DB4GT Zagato.
This is an extremely rare 1962 Aston Martin DB4GT by Zagato. In fact, this is the 14th of just 19 ever made. That makes it even more exclusive than a Ferrari 250 GTO. This particular DB4GT Zagato (chassis no. 0186/R) has a 3.7-liter inline-six engine that produces 314 hp—not too shabby at all for a car that was made when the U.S. embargo against Cuba had just been announced.
But that doesn't come as much of a surprise, considering this car's history. According to RM Sotheby's, this was the only DB4GT Zagato that was delievered, new, to Australia. Upon landing there, the car went on to win a number of Australian races and hillclimbs.
Like many good ideas in the auto industry, the DB4GT Zagato was born from an attempt to usurp Ferrari. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Ferrari and Aston Martin were locked in a fierce battle for the top in the World Sportscar Championship.
Aston Martin's original DB4 couldn't quite hold a candle to Ferrari's SWB Berlinetta, so Aston needed to do something. That something was to approach Zagato, the famous independent Italian coachbuilding house, to build a car that could beat the Ferrari. And that was how the Aston Martin-Zagato relationship was born.
Zagato lengthened the nose of the DB4 and gave it a more pronounced grille, making it look more aggressive than the stock DB4. He smoothed out the harder edges while they also dropped nearly 100 pounds of weight and added 12 hp. That's how you make a car faster.
When this DB4GT Zagato was purchased by its current owner in the 1990s, it underwent a complete restoration. Following the completion of this restoration in 2002, the car went on to win various awards at concours events.
The DB4GT Zagato will be coming to New York on December 10, 2015 for RM Sotheby's "Driven by Disruption" auto auction. Pricing is yet to be announced, but we're pretty certain it will be well into the six-figures.
Via Motor Authority
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text:
Boosting Bioreactor Technology to Limit Farm Runoff
Some farmers across the Midwest have installed bioreactors to help stop nutrients in agricultural runoff from washing into nearby lakes, rivers and streams. By filtering drainage water through a trench filled with woodchips or a similar material, these systems take advantage of naturally occurring microbes to break down nitrogen compounds and improve regional water quality.
There's just one problem with this low-cost, easy-to-maintain technology: It isn't very efficient, and scientists do not understand it well enough to improve it.
A team of University of Minnesota researchers is now studying the microbial mechanisms behind bioreactors to discover how to make them more efficient at removing nitrogen and phosphorus from agricultural runoff. Led by principal investigator Carl Rosen, Ph.D., head of the U's Department of Soil, Water and Climate, the team has constructed a 360-foot-long, field-scale bioreactor in Willmar, Minn., to measure the way different variables affect the system's efficiency. The project's initial funding came from the MnDRIVE Advancing Industry, Conserving Our Environment research area, with additional support from Discovery Farms Minnesota.
While a promising technology, current bioreactors only remove about one-third of nitrates from the water, according to a 2012 study of woodchip bioreactors conducted by researchers at Iowa State University, Kansas State University and the Iowa Soybean Association. Low temperatures tend to curb the systems' efficiency and heavy rainfall can overload them, causing excess water to skip the bioreactor. The U of M researchers are exploring how to work against these pitfalls to not only remove more nitrates, but to reduce phosphorus as well. Their strategies include supplementing bioreactors with specific types of microbes, as well as adding different food sources to fuel the microbes' ability to efficiently remove nitrogen.
"We are trying to speed up the removal rates so that the process becomes more efficient," said Gary Feyereisen, Ph.D., agricultural engineer with the USDA-Agricultural Research Service and adjunct assistant professor with the U's College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences. "If we can increase the rate water flows through the bioreactor while maintaining efficiency, less water will bypass the system and more contaminants will be removed."
bioreactorpost21.jpg
The 360-foot-long bioreactor in Willmar, Minn., is divided into compartments that allow researchers to test different conditions that can increase the system's efficiency. Credit: Michael Winikoff, BioTechnology Institute
Researchers examine controls next to a large water storage tank, which supplies the bioreactor compartments with water at a stable pressure and flow rate. Credit: Michael Winikoff, BioTechnology Institute
bioreactorpost3.jpg
Researchers remove the cap from a pipe that allows them to sample water flow, nutrients and microorganisms within the bioreactor. Credit: Michael Winikoff, BioTechnology Institute
So far, U researchers have constructed the bioreactor and divided it into eight compartments with equal water flow. The next step is to introduce different conditions to each compartment — such as different types of microbes or a new carbon source to feed the microbes — to measure how well it removes nitrogen from the water. Researchers will use genome sequencing methods to identify the bacteria that are best suited to remove nitrate and phosphorus in low-oxygen environments, as they believe these types will break down water contaminants more easily.
The team is seeking additional funding to support technicians who can log data at each compartment, along with water samplers who can support analyses for contaminants in the water leaving the bioreactor. They will also draw woodchip samples from each compartment to see whether microbe populations flourish or falter through changing temperatures, different concentrations of nitrates and other conditions.
"This is one of the world's only field-scale bioreactors of its kind," said Michael Sadowsky, Ph.D., director of the U's BioTechnology Institute. "We are using it as the basis for experiments that will help us optimize performance of these systems as a whole."
The bioreactor is a platform technology, meaning that it can be used for many different applications. Beyond the scope of agricultural runoff, researchers believe the technology could remove contaminants like sulfur from water used in other operations, such as mining and aquaculture.
Moving forward, the researchers hope to partner with their counterparts in MnDRIVE's Robotics, Sensors and Advanced Manufacturing research area to integrate sensors that can detect the concentration of nitrates and phosphorus in the water exiting the reactor. Such sensors could make the system easier to use and may even allow an operator to control it remotely through a smartphone app.
"I view this technology in the future as being fully automated," Sadowsky said. "We really want to make it have minimal requirements for the farmer."
MnDRIVE is a landmark partnership between the University and the state of Minnesota that aligns areas of University strength with the state's key and emerging industries to advance new discoveries that address grand challenges.
Research & Discovery, Vision & Impact
Last Modified: July 24, 2017 - 6:06pm.