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«То́лстая тетра́дь» (франц. Le grand cahier) — название романа венгерско-швейцарской писательницы Аготы Кристоф, повествующего о жизни двух братьев во время Второй мировой войны.

Оригинал романа написан на французском языке. Впервые произведение было издано в Швейцарии в 1986 году и сразу же с восторгом принято критиками. В дальнейшем автор расширила «Толстую тетрадь» до трилогии, опубликовав романы «Доказательство» и «Третья ложь».

На русском языке произведение впервые издано в переводе Павла Вязникова в журнале «Иностранная литература» в 1997 году. Всего роман переведён на тридцать языков.

Сюжет
О жизни двух братьев-близнецов в тяжёлое военное время

Литературная выразительность и критика
В 1986 году критики с восторгом приняли первый роман Аготы — «стилизованный под детский дневник постницшеанский кошмар», вышедший в издательстве «Сёй». Книга была с восторгом принята критиками и удостоена престижной премии «Почётная лента франкофонии».

Похожие книги
 «Осиная фабрика» (1984) Иэна Бэнкса
 «Жестяной барабан» (1959) Гюнтера Грасса

Экранизации
Полнометражная экранизация романа снята венгерским режиссёром Яношем Сасом. Премьера фильма состоялась 3 июля 2013 года.

Примечания

Ссылки
 Текст романа «Толстая тетрадь» в библиотеке Максима Мошкова
 Marie Miguet-Ollagnier. Métamorphoses du mythe. — Presses Univ. Franche-Comté — 1997
 Michèle Bacholle. Un passé contraignant. — Rodopi — 2000
 Christiane Kègle, Richard Godin. Le Grand cahier ou l'issue paradoxale de Lucas // Les Récits de Survivance: Modalités Génériques et Structures D'adaptation Au Réel. — Presses Université Laval — 2007
 Tijana Miletić. European Literary Immigration Into the French Language: Readings of Gary, Kristof, Kundera and Semprum. — Rodopi — 2008
 Slavoj Zizek, John Milbank. The Monstrosity of Christ: Paradox or Dialectic? — MIT Press — 2009

Романы 1986 года
Романы на французском языке


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Ameren Illinois strengthening services in Morgan and Scott Counties
By Ryne Turke on July 10, 2016 at 12:19pm
Ameren Illinois is in the process of constructing a 10-mile power line through Morgan and Scott Counties.
Spokesman Brian Bretsch says the project, which started in February, will go through Winchester, Alsey, Glasgow, Roodhouse and Exeter.
"We call this part of our infrastructure upgrades to our electrical grid. About every fifth or sixth pole we will be adding a fiberglass or wooden pole, that will seem larger than the rest down this 10-mile stretch. Sometimes in storms when we have straight line winds, they have a tendency to snap a pole, and it has a domino effect," says Bretsch.
Bretsch says these new poles are able to withstand higher wind speeds, especially along country roads.
Bretsch says the 10-mile stretch will also feature larger power lines.
"It is basically able to handle more traffic volume, more customer load and to meet future growth in those two counties," says Bretsch.
Around 200 total poles are expected to be in place by the end of September, benefiting around 12-hundred customers.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We were just outside Rossnowlagh on the Atlantic coast when the Guinness began to take hold. Sitting in the middle of the back seat and surrounded by journalists from competing publications I felt like the Mafia were taking me for a long drive to a concrete surfboard. All I could rely on was that they seemed friendly and nobody had tried to throw me out as we reached speed along the coast road.
Somehow the idea had hit all five of us simultaneously. Timmy the Dog had pricked up his ears at the first mention of a ripping yarn. Here we were in County Donegal, not a sparrow's spit from that fabled seat of learning, St Brides. Now St Brides boasts a secret. Were we not the hard bitten investigative journalists to uncover that conundrum?
There is something about Irish geography that defies all known concepts of distance. Burtonport, home of the Games Mistresses, may have looked close on the map but the journey was tortuous in the extremes. A trek through towns where there seemed to be at least one cleric for every lay person: But at last we rolled into the tiny fishing village and drew up outside a house which recalled strange memories. If Tony Perkins had appeared at the door brandishing a knife and dressed as his mother, I wouldn't have been Psycho-ed out!
Our welcome was decidedly un-scary but no less weird. Perhaps those winding Irish lanes had worked their leprechaun magic and we'd slipped back through time. There were no electric lights in the place, the maid who answered the door was surely not of this decade. Could this really be the place where some of the more inventive Quilled adventures were being programmed? Perhaps my name was Trixie Trinian after all. No steady on - it was either too much Guinness, or too little.
Then, as we sat in the gift shop with its crafts from many nations, the door opened and in swept the headmistress herself, Marianne Scarlett, dressed in a pink twin set. As she told us later, she'd resisted the temptation to get dressed up, by which she meant the gown she wears in her educational role. But this was hardly London street clothes, so spill the beans Marianne - what is St Brides?
First there was the building, and that has had its past, providing a safe house for IRA men more than 50 years ago. Then, more recently there were the Screamers, a group who believed in the efficacy of letting all go in a Primal Scream, and who were virtually banished from the tiny village by local talk and sensational press interest. After which St Brides moved in, establishing the school in April '84.
This is probably not the sort of school that you'd go to though, because the young ladies of St B's are past the age of compulsory education, from their 20s upwards. And they go there for a week at a time, maybe more, to wear a uniform, sleep in a dorm, to take lessons and obey the rules, all without the creature comforts of 1985.
"They spend 24 hours a day living in a different time, living a different life. We give people a different experience of living as themselves." Marianne's background is both teaching and humanistic psychology and this is far more than a theme holiday hotel; as an experiment in human behaviour it's "fascinating". St Brides works because the pupils are never given the chance to do anvthing but live the imaginary 1920/30s era.
Select advertisments bring in each fresh intake of eight, who pay around £120 a week for the privilege of indulging in things most of us are only too happy to escape. Marianne greets each new girl and pretty soon one will be chosen who shows a desire to be leader, and she will become the prefect. But according to Marianne most are only too glad to give up the responsibilities of their adult world and are delighted at "having an excuse not to be grown up." Remember this next time you laugh at somebody who tells you that your schooldays are the happiest days of your life.
This world of lessons - and the 'pupils' do have to study the basics of maths and languages - may seem rather crazy, but some people get their jollies dressing in chain mail made from coat hangers and killing orcs with cardboard axes. Once you've sat in that slightly damp room, listening to scratchy records played on a wind-up gramophone under the stern gaze of Marianne Scarlett, you can understand how easy it is to get lost in the game. One who did just that is Priscilla Langridge. She committed the unthinkable sin of introducing a micro into this time warp.
Marianne was at first rather taken aback by the anachronistic intrusion. "My experience has always been looking back in time." But it didn't take long before she realised that unlike television, which she thinks is passive and mind rotting, computers "call for 100% concen- tration and commitment. They're not just playing with a joystick." So, about a year and a half ago part of St Brides entered the modern world, though they've been known to do their computing by candle light.
Priscilla was a writer long before fate, or more probably an advertisment, brought her to the west coast of Ireland. Hardly a computer expert at that stage, she looked upon the micro as another medium, like books or comics, to be exploited as a rich experience - rather like the school. In fact the Secret of St Brides, their first adventure, set in the corridors and dormitories of the house, then out onto the cliffs, came from a game that they would play as they took the pupils on rambles. A mystery would be created from a few bare facts found as they walked along the shore.
Selling at first by mail order only, via a suggestive show of stocking tops and school uniform, Secret sold well enough to gather some good reviews and cement a proper distribution deal. It's very much a standard Quilled product in form, though Priscilla claims to "like the economy of the two word input. People make a fetish of excess sophistication." Its main strength lies in Priscilla's writing skills, which are both witty and atmospheric.
Secret is also refreshingly different - there's not an orc or an elf in sight. And it casts you in the role of a female character, though neither woman sees herself as carrying out a crusade for women in computing. "We're not setting out with a market in mind," Marianne tells me. Priscilla adds "We want the games to be open and accessible, to appeal to adventurers of both sexes."
Spurred on by their success, the Games Mistresses, as they styled themselves, set to work on The Snow Queen, intended to be the first of a series of tie-ins with books in which it's hoped that facsimilie editions will accompany the game. Snow Queen is based on a classic, dark fairy tale by Hans Christian Andersen in which a girl seeks to save her brother whose view of life has been corrupted by a fragment of a mirror made by the devil. With it, the programming has become more sophisticated, so that Gerda appears to have a will of her own when it comes to obeying instructions.
The next project takes the mixing of media a stage further as St Brides originate their own comic books which will tie in with games. Wonder Girl is a super heroine in the classic mode, with lots of in jokes for comic fans. Silverwolf is a more traditional adventure, and from the sample pages that Priscilla handed round it's obvious that both are being done with an eye to comics being adult and arty. Once again, there are scantily clad females and subtexts of sexuality. "Computers and comics are both unusual media for presenting fantasies."
So we are given a tour of the studies, the classrooms, and the spartan, though bright dormitories of this place where fantasies can be realised. But questions remain unanswered, the programming room remains unshown, and a whole area of the house, the old servants quarters joining the school by just one door, stays a mystery.
My head is clearing and all I feel is that I'd like another drink. It comes as a surprise that if we didn't have to charge back to the surf, Marianne and Priscilia would happily take us down to their local. And what do the villagers make of the latest inhabitants of a house with an odd history? "The Irish like anybody who is enterprising," Marianne says, adding that coverall for a good scheme, plan or wheeze, "a bit of a crack."
So now I know that the place does exist, and it isn't some clever hype. I know that Marianne and Priscilla are most charming hostesses and I know that they are fully capable of playing a seductive game of the imagination. But should I be surprised? All good fiction draws us in so that we live it to some degree.
Marianne and Priscilla and presumably the programmers we were told about but never saw, they are all busy realising the philosophy of St Brides as a centre for fantasy and fun. Let Priscilla have the last word. "We do things that are fun. If it stops being fun we stop it."


text:
0 °C, 0 °C ... +4 °C Tomorrow:+6 °C
Latest news | Video | Categories
Samsung may launch 'Self Repair Assistant' app for DIYers
Tech giant Samsung is reportedly working on a new 'Self Repair Assistant' mobile application for DIY (do it yourself) enthusiasts.
The tech giant's newest trademark application provided insight into the company's plans for its Self-Repair programme, reports SamMobile.
According to the trademark application, the app's icon consists of a stylised cogwheel and a wrench against a blue background.
The trademark application explained "Self Repair Assistant" as a "computer application software for mobile phones for self-installation and self-maintenance of smartwatches, tablets, mobile phones, and earbuds."
It is expected to provide "consultancy and information services relating to self-installation and self-repair" of various mobile device types.
It will help users by telling them how they should manage and repair their Samsung mobile devices.
The company introduced its similar Self-Repair programme in the US in August.
By then, the programme was only accessible to a few Galaxy devices, so the new application is likely to expand on that list.
Samsung launched the programme in collaboration with iFixit, which provides the parts, tools, and instructions for disassembly and repairs, the report said.
Armed attack on Azerbaijani Embassy in Iran leaves dead and injured (video)
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ECA members have asked for additional information on development issues. We will do our best to keep you informed. See more information at the end of this page.
O-35-17 was introduced in June 2017 by Alderman Arnett, and enacted in October 2017 by the City Council to become part of the Annapolis Code. The Code change was designed to allow the public to be informed and involved earlier in the City's review process of proposed large development projects.
In January 2018, attorney Alan Hyatt and several developers challenged O-35-17 by filing a declaratory judgment claiming the ordinance was vague, with a request for a temporary restraining order to keep the law from being enforced by the City. Mr. Hyatt and the City signed a Consent Order that suspends the enforcement, and new applications by those developers, while clarifications in the Code are made.
On Monday, March 12, Alderman Arnett will introduce O-14-18 at the City Council meeting to clarify identified issues, including notice requirements and project applicability. A public hearing will be held later in the legislative process. It is hoped that once the Code is amended, the Consent Order will be withdrawn, and the public will then be included earlier in the City's review of proposed large developments.
Comments on this matter should be submitted to the Annapolis Office of Planning & Zoning, copied to Alderman Arnett and other Council members. Testimony can be given to the City Council at the beginning of Monday's Council Meeting (City Hall at 7 p.m.), or at the future public hearing on O-14-18. Email addresses for P&Z and City Council are found here: https://www.annapolis.govyour paragraph here.
O-35-17 - Revisions to Development Review - For the purpose of providing a uniform review process for all significant projects and requiring early public input on substantial projects by requiring that a community meeting be held for subdivision applications that contain a new street, Major Site Design Plan Applications and Planned Development Applications; clarifying preliminary application procedures; expanding the notice requirements under Division II of the Zoning Code; revising the procedures for major site design plan applications and planned development applications; and matters generally relating to the review process for all significant and substantial projects.
However, on January 11, 2018, development attorney Alan Hyatt filed a request for a restraining order with the court (see text below). That means that he requested that it not be enforced. His request was granted on a temporary basis. Mr. Hyatt represents several development groups that have active development plans filed with the city, several in Eastport. Read Capital story on this.
As things stand today (March 7, 2018), the temporary restraining order and consent agreement expires on March 13. There might be City Council action on this in the near future, particularly since two of the alderpersons who voted against it last year are on the current council.
There are two major benefits to this legislation.
Major projects will, by and large, go to the Planning Commission where the public has a voice and where the Comprehensive Plan is enforced.
There is mistrust within the community; transparency is the antidote to mistrust and, at least publicly, most developers agree that engaging the public as early in the process as possible is good practice.
One question often asked is how this impacts Eastport Lofts (the proposed Eastport Shopping Center project) application.
The Eastport Lofts project application, for 107 to 127 apartments at one end of the Eastport Shopping Center, was filed before November 1, 2017, and is, therefore, not affected by the ordinance. The developers of this project will, therefore, suffer no damage, despite what was alleged by Mr. Hyatt in a recent suit for injunctive relief. Many, if not most, of the allegations made in that suit are uninformed or misstated or, simply, wrong.
There is, to be sure, some work to be done on a definition of "Major Site Design." It is already defined in the Code. However, we can work with this new ordinance, add any necessary regulatory guidance as needed, get some experience, and keep an open mind as to amendments, if any appear to be necessary. See details of the ordinance, below.
"Consent Order. The parties hereby consent to a preliminary injunction by which Defendants are enjoined from enforcing, administering and implementing City of Annapolis Ordinance 0-35-1 7, "Revisions to Development Review." By consenting to this Order. the Court acknowledges that Defendants are not making any admission that Plaintiffs are emitted to a preliminary injunction, that Defendants do not waive any defenses to Plaintiffs' Complaint and shall be permitted to assert all such defenses should there be a hean'ng on the merits, and that the parties consent to this Order only in an effort to resolve the pending titigation. until the Annapolis City Council takes a final yote on legislation as contemplated by this Order, Plaintiffs shall not file any new applications with Defendants seeking approval of any development projects which would be reviewed by Defendants under the provisions of the City Code that preceded the adoption of Ordinance 0-35-1 7. Any pending applications by Plaintiffs, as may be amended shall not be affected by this Order, and shall be bound by the Annapolis City Code that was in place at the time of submittai of those applications. 5. Defendants shall introduce legislation in the Annapolis City Council to amend certain provisions in the Annapolis City Code which were enacted with the adoption of Ordinance 0-35-17. 6. The introduction of such legislation shall occur no later than March 13, 2018unless othenlvise mutually agreed to by the parties. 7. The content of the legislation that is introduced shall be within the sole discretion of Defendants, but Plaintiffs and Defendants shallecollaborate with each other regarding the content of such legislation prior to introduction. 8. Plaintiffs shall be entitled to offer amendments to such legislation after it is introduced. 9 The Annapolis City Council shall handle such legislation in a routine manner and in a manner that is the same as or similar to consideration of any legislation before the City Council. (Copies mailed to Attys Alan Hyatt and Gary Elson. No email on record for Attys Hyatt and Elson)"
1) The deadline to introduce modified legislation is March 13, 2018.
2) The requirement is that the city collaborate with the developers before the introduction of new legislation.
3) On February 15, the Court ordered the City and the Developers to Mediation (This is standard practice).
First, the legislation applies to Major Site Design and to Planned Development applications.
Second, the legislation requires a "Pre-application Conference" with the Department of Planning & Zoning. Such a meeting is informational only and cannot be held to cover all potential issues and is not to be taken as an approval in any way.
Third, the legislation requires a "Community Meeting." This meeting is to be hosted by the applicant. Written notice must be made in accord with the current code, 21.10.020, and to some additional parties. The additional parties are tenants within 200 feet of the property, the alderperson in whose ward the project is planned, and to persons in authority of homeowners associations, community associations and business associations which are within "geographical proximity" to the proposed project. As to defining "geographical proximity," the Department provides the list of associations. The onus is not on the applicant to choose associations or to define "geographical proximity." Furthermore, if there are persons who have spoken at a "public meeting" (which we understand to be a Department or Planning Commission work session) or a formal public hearing, they must also be notified of the community meeting. Again, it is the Department which maintains the list, and the Department which provides the list to the applicant. Finally, persons who have provided written comments to the Department must also be provided with written notice of any "community meeting." It is the Department that is tasked with providing the applicant with the names and addresses.
The applicant is required to host only one such "community meeting" but there certainly may be more than one such meeting. The legislation is designed to keep interested members of the community in the know as a project follows the course of reviews and approvals. The legislation is designed to front-load the process of community information.
Fourth, other than the "community meetings," for public meetings and public hearings convened under the auspices of the Department and/or the Planning Commission, the notice process is the same as it always has been – i.e., posting and advertisement.
Fifth, the applicant is required to provide written notice to the additional parties mentioned in the Paragraph "Third," above, in one final and other instance, that of the formal public hearing on the proposal.
One may question the fairness of requiring written notice to what may be many people. To be sure, there is an expense. Providing information early and widely is likely to make the process, in the end, with less conflict and perhaps more efficienciency.
Sixth, the applicant is required to provide a written summary of the community meetings. That summary must include the names and addresses (if given) of persons who attended and spoke or who provided written testimony. That summary is provided to the Department, is made part of the file, and becomes a public document. The applicant is not required to adjust his or her plans in any way to meet the concerns or issues raised at the meetings. He or she can countenance them or ignore them.
Seventh, applications made before the effective date of the ordinance, November 1, 2017, need not comply with the new requirements of community meetings and notice and summary.
Planning and Major Committee purpose is to inform and empower the members of the Eastport Civic Association (ECA) to better understand and address the nature and impact of current and future major development in Eastport. This Committee will communicate with the City's Planning and Zoning Department and other city agencies, citizens of Eastport, developers, relevant experts, advocacy groups and business owners regarding the scope, nature, and impact of major developments. As part of its activities, the Committee may review and comment on existing and future infrastructure (e.g. roads, traffic, schools, open space) in Eastport andpossible effects of current, proposed, and possible development on the adequacy of such infrastructure in the future.


NVFD reflects its members' deep commitment to their community. If you share this commitment, there are many ways to support our efforts, from contributions of financial support, to donations of expertise through our newly formed Fire Corps, to joining the ranks of the NVFD active responders or Ladies Auxiliary. We welcome you to contact us at info@nicasiofire.org to discuss the options described below or any other contribution you think will benefit our organization.
We're an all volunteer organization, but we still have bills to pay. As a 501C3 organization, the NVFD's modest annual budget is funded by a combination of donations, community fundraisers and state, local and federal grants. Your donation, at whatever level, is tax deductible and greatly appreciated. Click HERE for NVFD's 501c3 letter. Thank you!
Since its inception, the NVFD has relied on the fundraising prowess of Ladies Auxiliary to support our operations. The annual NVFD BBQ, planned and executed by the Ladies Auxiliary, is the largest social event in the community as well as our largest fundraising event. The event combines ample food and drink, musical entertainment, a silent auction and more. This year, the BBQ will once again take place at the Rancho Nicasio, the center of social life in our community and where the NVFD has its humble origins over 60 years ago. For more information about how you can join or support the Ladies Auxiliary, please contact auxiliary@nicasiofire.org.
The core of NVFD is the team of men and women who donate their time, energy and enthusiasm as active responders. For those who can make the commitment, this is the most important and rewarding way to support NVFD. There are several different types of active responder each with its own training requirements, so don't hesitate to contact us to discuss the options for getting involved. Send email to info@nicasiofire.org and we'll contact you directly. Important: Due to limited resources, NVFD only accepts applications for this role from those who live or work within (or immediately adjacent to) our response area.
Do you have experience as a Mechanic? Health professional? Grant writer? Community organizer? Teacher? NVFD's new Fire Corp is designed to leverage the diverse expertise that resides in our community. Fire Corp volunteers dedicate their talents and time around focused projects and work closely with NVFD officers to maintain department readiness. To learn more, contact us at firecorps@nicasiofire.org. We welcome your ideas about ways in which you might be able to contribute.


A tool that protect against spyware emerging more and more now a days. It detects n removes a multitude of adware files & module from your computer. It can also clean program & web usage track from your system when you share your system with others. Chosen module can be sent directly to the included (related) file shredder, for complete elimination from your system. Its have easy update feature, its free so you can try it.
• System reports to locate even unknown threats .


Guidelines, tools and services for application of ontologies and their mappings.
After delivering guidelines and tools recommendations, the project has defined the requirements for an enterprise quality, ontologies mapping service. We are implementing a prototype Ontologies Mappings Service for the phenotype and disease domain by working with the Samples, Phenotypes and Ontologies Team at EMBL-EBI.
The mapping algorithm and predicted mappings for phenotype and disease ontologies will be openly available along with full documentation and publication of the methodology and results in an appropriate journal. The mapping service is now being extended to public ontologies relevant to laboratory analytics for biology and chemistry. EMBL-EBI plan to make the predicted mappings available through the OxO repository of ontology mappings.
Ontologies can include hierarchical relationships; taxonomies; classifications and/or vocabularies which are becoming increasingly important for support of research and development. They have numerous applications such as knowledge management, data integration and text mining where researchers need to analyse large quantities of complex data as part of their daily work.
The Ontologies Mapping Project will help users to select top performing tools, methodologies and services for mapping and visualisation of ontologies, to understand ontology structure, potential overlaps and equivalent or similar meaning. The impact of this project will be to help users to better integrate, understand and analyse their data more effectively through better usage of public ontologies and mappings between them.
We have evaluated ontology mapping tools and algorithms through and organised the phenotype track of the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (http://oaei.ontologymatching.org). We are now collaborating with EMBL-EBI to demonstrate a prototype ontology mapping service for public ontologies in the phenotype and disease domain, which is being extended to the lab analytics domain.


We work to serve communities with clean & purified water. Thus, we focus on the delivery and installation of innovative Water Purifier Plants. Water purification is a complex and challenging process. Our turnkey projects are designed for delivering methodically treated and healthy water to our clients. We understand and resolve your queries for diverse aspects of Water Purifier Plant. Our experts help create a clear picture of the integral water purification process and cost in your mind. As a key service provider in this sector, we focus on reducing overall plant cost and maintaining the best quality.
Thoroughgoing filtration to reduce the level of impurities in the water.
Safe & ingenious packaging of the water.
UV decontamination of water to ensure superior water purification.


Purplebricks are delighted to offer to market this deceptively spacious two bedroom terrace home located in a sought after modern development in Rainham, close by to popular schools, shopping facilities and transport connections!
Benefiting from a large extension to the rear adding an abundance of living space!
Internally the property boasts ample living accommodation throughout, including the addition of a hobby room (can be easily removed), modern fitted kitchen, living room and the extension to the rear. Heading upstairs you will find two double bedrooms, both with fitted wardrobes plus an updated shower room!
Externally there's a private rear garden with artificial lawn, patio area and rear access.
To the front you will find the detached garage! With parking for two vehicles in front.
Sought after location - Must be viewed to be fully appreciated!
Book your viewing now at Purplebricks.co.uk or give us a call 24hrs a day, 7 days a week!
Door to front. Carpet. Stairs to first floor.
Double glazed window to front. Range of wall and base units over and under worksurfaces. Integral oven, hob and hood. Space for fridge/freezer, washing machine and dishwasher.
Carpet. Access to under stairs storage.
Double glazed doors to rear. Two double glazed Velux windows to rear. Carpet.
Double glazed window to rear. Fitted wardrobes. Carpet.
Double glazed window to front. Access to airing cupboard. Fitted wardrobes. Carpet.
Shower cubicle. W.C. Wash hand basin. Heated towel rail. Tiled floor.
Patio area laid to artificial lawn. Rear access.
Disclaimer - Property reference 535896-1. The information displayed about this property comprises a property advertisement. Rightmove.co.uk makes no warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of the advertisement or any linked or associated information, and Rightmove has no control over the content. This property advertisement does not constitute property particulars. The information is provided and maintained by Purplebricks, covering Meridian. Please contact the selling agent or developer directly to obtain any information which may be available under the terms of The Energy Performance of Buildings (Certificates and Inspections) (England and Wales) Regulations 2007 or the Home Report if in relation to a residential property in Scotland.


text:
Carlos Figueroa Alarcón (ur. 27 marca 1985) – salwadorski judoka. Olimpijczyk z Londynu 2012, gdzie zajął 33. miejsce w wadze półlekkiej.

Uczestnik Pucharu Świata w 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 i 2013. Siódmy na igrzyskach panamerykańskich w 2007 i 2011. Brązowy medalista mistrzostw panamerykańskich w 2010. Wicemistrz igrzysk Ameryki Środkowej i Karaibów w 2010, a także igrzysk Ameryki Środkowej w 2013. Mistrz Ameryki Środkowej w 2010 roku.

Letnie Igrzyska Olimpijskie 2012

Przypisy

Salwadorscy olimpijczycy
Salwadorscy judocy
Uczestnicy Letnich Igrzysk Olimpijskich 2012
Urodzeni w 1985
Ludzie urodzeni w San Salvadorze

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Open Heart International (OHI) have been coming to Tonga since 1986/7 providing lifesaving operations and medical care to the Tongan community. It is without question that these trips have held a special place in the heart of the OHI team. Last night will ensure that the OHI team will never be able to forget their time in Tonga and the strong hearts of the local community.
In the presence of Her Royal Highness Crown Princess Sinaitakala, the OHI team were the guests of honour at the Queen Salote's Memorial Hall in the centre of the capital. Over 600 people came together for a night of song, music and thanks.
The evening commenced with an opening prayer by Reverend Dr 'Ahio spoken in local language sighting thanks and praise for the presence of the OHI team and asking for the continuation of protection for the team. Samuela 'Akilisi Pohiva, the Prime Minister of Tonga addressed the crowd showing his thanks on behalf of the Kingdom of Tonga.
After the formalities and speeches, the night of music and celebration began. Choirs and musical groups from across the kingdom graced the audience with songs of thanks, praise and joy. Even writing this, it is hard to put into words the feeling that overcame those fortunate enough to be present. As people of all ages graced the stage, the audience sat in anticipation waiting for the beautiful voices the Tongan people are known to have, unrivalled in passion for music and song as well as a unique talent, when come together move even the restrained.
Cameras of the OHI team went into overdrive as we all tried to capture the songs on video so the memory is not forgotten. However, one thing a camera cannot capture is the feeling you get when you hear those voices. It is truly magical. There was a young boy with a voice like an angel that left everyone in awe, the stunning beauty of the ladies dressed in traditional Tongan dress, the songs of the Tupou College Choir and Band whose music could be felt within your chest, the deep barotones of the Tupou Tertiary Institute Choir and the unforgettable cuteness of the little boy and girl standing front of stage with the Kalapu Fofo'anga.
The purpose of the evening was to recognise of the work of OHI team led by our Project Coordinator Julie Hulston. Looking stunning herself in her Ta'ovala and Kafa, the local formal dress for such a function, she addressed the distinguished guests and Tongan community with poise and words we all know was spoken from the heart. Sitting alongside the Prime Minister of Tonga and Minister of Health, Julie represented the OHI team with professionalism and humility.
The commitment to improving the health of the Tongan people cannot be demonstrated any clearer than the life of service shown by Dr David Baines. This night was a fitting occasion to recognise his humanitarian work and selflessness shown through his six times to Tonga, with this one being his last. Dr Baines was presented with a plaque by Her Royal Highness Crown Princess Sinaitakala. The plaque is a symbol of thanks from those whose lives are now changed because of his service also as a message of thanks from all people of Tonga.
These thanks were extended to the OHI team when they were invited to stand facing the crowd in front of Her Royal Highness; which is an act not allowed by the Tongan people showing the respect held toward the OHI team, while a prayer of thanks was offered. Each member of the team was then motioned to approach the Princess individually as she offered her gratitude on behalf of the Royal Family and their Kingdom. Truly an unforgettable experience.
It was the final speech of the night that bought everyone to tears, including the Minister of Health himself the Honourable Dr Saia Ma'u Piukala. A humble man who offers great support to the OHI vision, closed the evening with words from the heart. Highlighting the ripple effect the presence of OHI have on the people of Tonga, he welcomed OHI to return to Tonga to continue the work and further support of the Tongan community.


Skyler Rivera ('18) is the Editor-In-Chief of Social Media at the Webb Canyon Chronicle. She loves journalism, baseball, and coffee. Skyler grew up with the dream of becoming the first female President of the United States, but that dream changed when she got a taste of broadcast journalism with the Los Angeles Dodgers. She joined the Webb Canyon Chronicle staff her Sophomore year as a Staff Writer and returned her junior year as the Editor of Social Media. Now, as a Senior, Skyler returns as the Editor-in-Chief of Social Media, where she manages and posts on the Webb Canyon Chronicle's Instagram and Twitter pages. Catch Skyler in the wild at a coffee shop reading baseball and figuring out how to make her Instagram (@skylerrivera) more aesthetic.


Chicago: "America ReFramed; Red Without Blue," 11/20/2012, WGBH Media Library & Archives, accessed April 26, 2019, http://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/V_7F5BC085E2FF49DAB05212DE1612FA42.
MLA: "America ReFramed; Red Without Blue." 11/20/2012. WGBH Media Library & Archives. Web. April 26, 2019. <http://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/V_7F5BC085E2FF49DAB05212DE1612FA42>.


Very important: Volunteers who handle bats must be vaccinated against rabies, and provide proof of vaccination status before they arrive.
What we look for in a volunteer: We need self-motivated people who can learn quickly, genuinely care for the bats and work well in a team. This requires a certain type of person as well as a certain level of maturity. For this reason, persons under the age of 21 are less likely to be accepted as volunteers. We encourage all volunteers to exercise daily, whether it's a run or just a short walk. This is especially so in the months where a lot of time is spent sitting and feeding the baby bats.
We appreciate volunteers with practical skills or those with a medical, veterinary, IT or environmental education background. However above all we look for those with a positive attitude to life and this volunteering opportunity.
When to come: Volunteers are needed all year but especially during tick paralysis season when hundreds of adults and orphans come into care. These are the months from October to February. We usually need 4 to 8 full-time people, as well as our dedicated group of local part-time volunteers.
We prefer a minimum stay of one month in busy season, and two weeks the rest of the year. Experienced flying fox carers can be an exception to this rule. Apply as early as you can to maximise the chances of coming at your preferred time.
Type of work: Work at the hospital in tick season is varied. Typically volunteers will help prepare large amounts of food for the adults and orphans; feed/clean/weigh/measure the orphans, clean cages, wash large amounts of bat and human laundry, participate in trips to the rainforest to search or release (depending on season); and help with miscellaneous projects around the hospital. We buy fruit in bulk (apples1000kg and bananas 350kgs) and these need to be unloaded into boxes for storage in fridge or food safe. We make large amounts of banana smoothie on particular days, and this is then stored in the freezer and brought out as required. Caring for sick or young animals is like caring for sick or young humans, many tasks are very repetitive but your love and respect for the animals will make it very rewarding. Some volunteers also help with visitor tours.
Outside of tick season the work is less varied and demanding as a lot fewer bats are in care.
Rabies Vaccination: Volunteers who work with bats must be vaccinated against rabies. This requires 3 intramuscular injections of 1ml over 3-4 weeks. The course must be completed before getting to the bat hospital. The rabies vaccination is for Australian Bat Lyssavirus (ABLV), the most closely related virus to rabies. ABLV is extremely rare in Spectacled flying foxes but it is a condition of our permit that all bat handlers are vaccinated. You must be able to provide us with a copy of the vaccination certificate or recent blood titre test results before you arrive. We do take unvaccinated volunteers but they do not handle the bats.
Working Hours: During tick paralysis season, volunteers typically work 7 days per week for an average of about 10 -15 hours a day. We try to have some volunteers working late, and others starting early. Early shift starts by 6am, and late shift ends about 11pm. We all work 10 -12 hours a day though at this busy time of the year, with breaks as often as possible.
November is always the busiest month as we can have up to 200 babies being hand-fed 4 times a day. Volunteers unable to commit to this pace are encouraged to live offsite and roster on as it suits. Every effort is made to give long-stay volunteers a break for a few days during the season. Please be aware of your own limits and let someone know if you need help or time off.
Outside of tick season we are far more flexible, and days off for excursions or a break can be easily accommodated.
Please remember: You are here to help, not holiday, though we do our best to include excursions. In return you have the unique privilege of working with bats in a wonderful environment.
Workplace Health and Safety: See our requirements on the Application page.
Accommodation: Volunteers are accommodated in several ways.
The two-room self-contained apartment is the central base for all the volunteers. It contains a separate bedroom with 2-3 single beds; a living area with TV etc; compact kitchen, bathroom, and verandah area. The apartment provides well above the usual standard of volunteer accommodation.
A single room in the Nursery building with bathroom next door.
Large confortable gazebo tents that offer more private accommodation. There is power to the tents but all bathroom facilities are a short walk up to the Nursery building. This is usually the best option for couples as one for the tents has 2 rooms.
Volunteers with cars are welcome to find accommodation in Atherton.
We always have to factor in accommodation when we take volunteer bookings. Please let us know as soon as possible if you want to change your dates of volunteering. For those with cars, it can help if you stay offsite especially in busy season. We're happy to help you with this.
Meals: We eat very well at the Bat Hospital and cater for vegetarians and vegans. Each night we share a delicious healthy meal, but everyone caters for themselves during the day. All volunteers are expected to help with preparing evening meals or cleaning up afterward. We discuss with each volunteer when they arrive what they would like for breakfast and lunch, and provide ingredients. but everyone prepares (and cleans up) their own food during the day. Alcohol is tolerated at the hospital but consumption must be moderate. Smoking must be well away from living areas and bat facilities.
Communications: We have good wireless internet. Volunteers are encourageed to bring their own computers/tablets /smartphones etc. There is no mobile phone reception here but to pick up messages volunteers can put their phones into the car that goes to town every day, or get a lift into town.
Every night we sit down to a lovely meal with lots of lovely volunteers.
We eat outside for much of the year unless there are too many insects or it's too cold.
We try to make sure there is time to see some sights and get some exercise.
The bat hospital is 7kms from Atherton. Although a relatively small town, it has all the necessary infrastructure for banking, health care etc It is about an 80 minute drive from Cairns, the nearest international and domestic airport.
Once you get to Cairns in far north Queensland, there are 2 ways to get here. The easiest is with Tablelands Tours and Transfers, a private bus that will bring you door to door. This is especially useful and good value when you are arriving. For $120 (more if between 6pm and 6am), you will be picked up at the airport and brought straight to the bat hospital. The waiting times depends on your arrival time and other bookings. Please contact Darrin through his website, any problems let me know and I'll contact him. We highly recommend this service, especially for those arriving on long flights from overseas.
The other way to get here is to catch Transnorth Buses ($25) from Cairns Central to Atherton. You need to allow 1.5 hours to get from the airport to Cairns Central by airport shuttle bus ($15). It is only a 5 km trip but the bus might take 15 minutes to leave, and it drops people off at their accommodation on the way. Ask the Airport Shuttle to drop you under the Cairns Central Shopping Centre, platform 1 where the Transnorth bus leaves from. We will meet you off the bus in Atherton.
Transnorth Buses can deliver you back to Cairns for $25 or to the airport for $30. They are allowed to drop people off at the airport but not pick up. They are a cheaper but still convenient way to leave. Analyse all this bus information if you have some control over your flight times and you will avoid long wait times for transfers to and from Atherton.
Costs: For the first full month all volunteers contribute AUD$50 per day to assist with accommodation, meals, laundry and internet access. It does not cover alcohol or snacks or special diet food. If staying for less than one month, this fee is higher but varies with length of stay. After one month, the daily rate reduces further. After 2 months the rate is negotaible. Volunteers wanting to undertake research projects need to negotiate a rate as there will be demands on the coordinator's time. We offer a truly unique experience for bat enthusiasts in beautiful surroundings and excellent facilities.
Volunteers need to pay a non-refundable deposit of $350 when their application is accepted. We use the first week as a trial period and reserve the right to terminate your volunteering if necessary. This is a clause in our contract with you to allow for the very occasional volunteer (only 2 in the 10 year history of the project) with whom there are too many difficulties. Please go to the Donate button on our home page to make the payment, using Paypal or credit card. Our bank deatils are there too if you'd prefer to do a bank transfer, a good option if you have an Aussie bank account.
Everyone pays a minimum of $50 a day for the first 4 weeks, then the daily rate reduces further.
You will be in the tropics in an area with much wildlife. Please respect them all, including spiders and snakes. We cannot expect people to respect and value bats if we cannot do it ourselves for other species. Just let us know if you encounter wildlife that you find difficult to deal with. Keep the screen doors of the volunteer room closed.
The bat hospital is home for Jenny and Ashleigh. Please take notice of and respect their ways of doing things. Living with a constant changeover of volunteers for 9 months of the year can be stressful. The Volunteer Manual is a good guide to how best to do this.
We weigh and measure orphans for growth weekly.
… and always lots of laundry. We avoid using dryers.


Scotland is home to ancient clans, tartan, and the most fascinating accent ever. But its flagship is undoubtedly their wonderful Whisky, simply called Scotch (which is, unsurprisingly, a synonym for Scottish).
Scotch, the golden potion that makes the world go around, is both simple and complex: it's simply the best, and complex in its genesis and flavors. Now, the blockbuster is the Single Malt, a spectacular single-distillery Spirit made from malted barley (soaked, germinated, and dried to get the most sugar for the buck), created in six regions of Scotland: The Highlands (oakey-smokey), the Lowlands (gentle'n'non-peaty), Speyside (sweet, no peat), the Islands (briny & peaty), and the Campbeltown (light OR peaty).
Scotch is like the Queen – Freddie, not Lizzie – the same band but incredibly different albums. Quality and variety is exactly why Scotland is the Michael Jordan of Whiskies with its 5 billion dollar behemoth industry, dwarfing even tourism and IT. And the golden era of Pax Scotcha is far from being over as it's expanding and getting even more popular with both the lavish limited expressions and adventurous no-age-statement experiments.
This box has a mission: prove once again why Scotch is the Emperor of Whiskies – a Scotchus Rex, if you will. Two Highlanders (one 12YO and one with a Sauternes finish) and a wild card from Islay represent the zenith of Scottish liquid gold.
1) The term 'Whisky' comes from the Gaelic "uisge beatha", which means "water of life". The medieval folks called the Spirits 'aqua vitae' and the French call them 'l'eau de vie', which means the same thing.
2) G. B. Shaw called Whisky "liquid sunshine" and his compatriot J. Joyce found the "music of Whisky falling into glasses" an "agreeable interlude".
3) Single malts have been around for ages, but while the general population drank blends, distilleries gave sample drams to their employees and the locals to see which batches were better. Glenfiddich put their first Single Malt on the market in 1963 and the Don Drapers persuaded everyone that Single Malt is the way to go.
4) Whisky distilling goes way back to 1494 when the first recorded batch was made by a posse of monks who acquired about 60 gallons of barley and decided to turn it into 'aqua vitae'. They created the first 1,500 bottles of Scotch in History.
5) The name Port Askaig's 100° Proof alludes to the old-school proofing system that was based on a badass gunpowder test: if gunpowder ignited while soaked in Spirit, the booze was 100° proof. Today, that's 57.1% ABV.
6) Tullibardine 225 has a Sauternes finish, which means the Scotch spends some time in barrels that used to hold sweet Wine from the French region of Sauternais, made from Sémillon, Sauvignon blanc, and Muscadelle grapes.
7) Scotch is made in five steps: malting, mashing, fermenting, distilling, and maturing. Malting means turning starch into sugar through germination. Mashing is adding hot water to hasten the process, and fermentation is when living yeast eats those sugars and produces alcohol and congeners, a side product that contributes to the flavor. Distilling is separating alcohol from water, yeast and residues. Maturing occurs in oak casks and is crucial for the flavor. Scotch must be aged at least three years, by law.
8) Glenmorangie, Glenfiddich, Glenfarclas, The Glenlivet, etc. What the glen does 'glen' mean? It stands for 'valley' and it's not a coincidence: distilleries tend to be situated in valleys near a water source instead of on a mountain. And Scotland is chock-full of valleys.
Yum. Variety in viscosity, bouquet, and sweetness. Yum.
I've received my first sample box A- was very strong. B-was a little better,smoky, but still to strong a taste for me. C-was just not to my taste at all. Thank you Looking forward to my 2nd set of samples. Maybe something more smoky flavored please.


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Home News Genesis to open Emergency Department at Bettendorf HealthPlex
Genesis to open Emergency Department at Bettendorf HealthPlex
Dave Thompson
Jordan Voigt, president of Genesis Medical Center, looks over some of the equipment in the new Emergency Department at the Bettendorf HealthPlex on Saturday, Dec. 3. CREDIT DAVE THOMPSON
One emergency department is opening in Bettendorf. Another one is closing in Davenport. A new Emergency Department will open at the Bettendorf HealthPlex, 2140 53rd Ave., at noon on Thursday, Dec. 8, as part of Genesis Health System's plan to optimize its emergency services in Scott County. Genesis officials previously announced plans to consolidate its […]
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One emergency department is opening in Bettendorf. Another one is closing in Davenport. A new Emergency Department will open at the Bettendorf HealthPlex, 2140 53rd Ave., at noon on Thursday, Dec. 8, as part of Genesis Health System's plan to optimize its emergency services in Scott County. Genesis officials previously announced plans to consolidate its Davenport emergency services at its East and West hospital campuses on the East Campus. The two campuses are about two miles apart.
The Bettendorf HealthPlex, 2140 53rd Ave., is opening a new Emergency Department on Thursday, Dec. 8. CREDIT DAVE THOMPSON
The East Campus Emergency Department will handle emergency and trauma needs. The West Campus Emergency Department, now at 1401 W. Central Park Ave., will permanently close at 8 p.m., Tuesday, Dec. 6. "Centralizing resources and staff at the East Campus Emergency Department will give patients in Davenport immediate access to advanced technology and specialty care for their most complex health needs," according to a statement from Genesis. Meanwhile in Bettendorf, hundreds of visitors got a look at the new Emergency Department at the Bettendorf HealthPlex during a community open house Saturday morning, Dec. 3. That new department features eight treatment rooms, a trauma room, a triage room, and an ambulance bay. It will have its own distinct entrance at the Bettendorf HealthPlex. The HealthPlex also houses family medicine and pediatric providers, lab services, and the Genesis Imaging Center. "It's something we need in Bettendorf," said Sharon Phillips of Bettendorf, one of the open house visitors. "I'm impressed with the thoughtfulness that went into this." Ms. Phillips was one of many people who toured the Emergency Department facilities on Saturday. Jake Zisette, director of critical care at Genesis Health System, put on a Santa cap and gave many of those tours. He said many of those he led through the department told him the new facilities looked great. "It's really a great location. We now have the capacity to take care of the sickest patients," he added.
Santa Claus visits with some young fans during the community open house at the Bettendorf HealthPlex' new Emergency Department, located at 2140 53rd Ave. CREDIT DAVE THOMPSON
Establishing an Emergency Department in Bettendorf is part of a comprehensive plan, announced in April, to expand capacity and better provide patients with the right care, in the right place, at the right time. "People are just very excited about this. They're looking forward to it," Jordan Voigt, president of Genesis Medical Center, Davenport, said during Saturday's tour. Mr. Voigt added that Genesis anticipates 9,600 visitors to the new Emergency Department in its first year. The new department will work closely with the East Campus Emergency Department at Genesis Medical Center, Davenport, which offers the county's highest level of emergency care. "Our Emergency Department staff and physicians rotate between all Emergency Care sites within Genesis Medical Center. We have 18 physician positions and over 55 nurse positions. However, we continue to grow rapidly and are recruiting for additional emergency care physicians as well as registered nurses," Mr. Voigt told the QCBJ in an email Monday, Dec. 5. As for the cost of the new department in Bettendorf, Mr. Voigt added that Genesis Medical Center-Davenport contributed $1 million and "we worked with our third-party landlord, who owns the Bettendorf HealthPlex, to fund the remainder of the initiative through our existing lease." "With this new Emergency Department in Bettendorf, Genesis is strategically adding emergency access to a growing area of Scott County," Doug Cropper, president and CEO of Genesis Health System, said in a statement. "Genesis offers a wide range of services in Bettendorf, including primary and specialty care, convenient care, sports medicine, occupational health, imaging, physical therapy, and a hospice house." Mr. Cropper added that "However, until now, Genesis has not had an Emergency Department in Bettendorf. With this new Emergency Department, Genesis is better able to fulfill our vision to be 'the best place to receive care' for residents in Bettendorf and surrounding communities." Much of Saturday's open house focused on a family-friendly introduction to the new department. The event had a Christmas theme with Santa Claus visiting with children in the main waiting area, scores of Christmas decorations, an arts and crafts table, face painting, balloons, hot chocolate and more. Genesis officials were also handing out coloring books – called "A Visit to the Emergency Room" – so children could get a stress-free introduction to emergency services.
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Journal of Fair Trade Latest Issues
Below you can find the table of contents for the latest issues of Journal of Fair Trade. All articles are Open Access and links to each article are provided below. The journal is hosted on JSTOR and can be found here to read online.
Vol.2, No. 2 (2021)
The meaning of Fair Trade for wild plants
Rie Makita
Rie Makita is a Professor in the Faculty of International Social Sciences at Gakushuin University, Japan. Her recent research focuses on relationships between global value chains and sustainable livelihoods. Her publications include Fair Trade and Organic Initiatives in Asian Agriculture: The Hidden Realities (Routledge, 2019).
Where the Fair Trade initiative is applied to wild plants, two contradictory objectives may arise: that of conserving a target plant species (conservation) and that of increasing income from it for collectors (poverty alleviation). As identified through my fieldwork in India, a Fair Trade certification for wild plants has been introduced for different purposes, including
(a) to teach the local community the forgotten value of natural resources (conservation),
(b) to make current collection practices more sustainable in exchange for better prices (both conservation and poverty alleviation), and (c) to help the most vulnerable collectors with better prices (poverty alleviation). A review of my past study (Makita, 2018) suggests that when there is a single primary objective, such as (a) or (c), certification can more obviously contribute to the achievement of this objective. Given the uniqueness of wild plants as an income source, it is important to clarify which one of the two contradictory objectives will be prioritised, rather than pursuing both.
Keywords: certification; income source; natural resource conservation; non-timber forest products; wild plant collectors
The Maasai Intellectual Property Initiative: a 20th-century model for turning assets into income
Meg Brindle and Natalia Florman
Meg Brindle, PhD has taught entrepreneurship and management at the graduate level for 25 years. Meg co-founded the African IP Trust (africaniptrust.org); authored five books, including Social entrepreneurship for development: A business model, and holds a PhD, post-doc and MS from Carnegie Mellon University.
Natalia Florman is a consultant who has been interested in the Maasai since meeting Chief Isaac ole Tialolo at a London event. She led operations at a climate change data firm after gaining a Master of International Development degree from King's College London and a Bachelor of Economics degree from the University of Bristol.
The names and images of indigenous people such as the Maasai, Cherokee and Navajo are used to advance the intangible value of thousands of products from cars to shoes and luxury brand clothing across the globe. The Maasai name or image are used on over 1,000 products. This article highlights a decade of work to enable the Maasai tribe of Kenya and Tanzania, of over 2 million tribal people, to receive sustainable income from the use of their name and image by creating a win-win situation. We describe how the Maasai have been organised into a legal entity called the Maasai Intellectual Property Initiative Trust (MIPI), to own and receive income from their Intellectual Property. Secondly, we describe a definitive strategy to enable the Maasai to grant certification to companies and to license approved users. This atypical model of Fair Trade would enable a sustainable source of revenue to the Maasai who live largely in deep poverty. The strategy is not dissimilar, albeit atypical, to what a well-known individual such as Charlie Chaplin or a product such as Coca Cola would do – own, protect and benefit from their iconic brand that adds value. The initiative has implications for other indigenous people who comprise about 6 per cent of the global population.
Keywords: intellectual property; Maasai; indigenous peoples; certification; Fair Trade; license; exploitation; branding; brand value; social responsibility
The Fair Rubber Association: where fairly traded rubber hits the road
Martin Kunz
Dr Martin Kunz has been involved with Fair Trade for over 45 years. As a university student, he co-founded a World Shop in his home town of Ludwigsburg, Germany. He was the first chairman of the board of the Fair Trade wholesaler GEPA and co-founder and first executive secretary of the international Fair Trade umbrella associations Transfair International as well as its successor Fairtrade Labelling Organizations (FLO) International. Martin also set up the FLO tea-producer register, including the concept of so-called 'joint bodies' on plantations. He is currently the Executive Secretary of the Fair Rubber Association (Fair Rubber e.V.), established in Germany in 2012 to help improve the working and living conditions of the primary producers of natural rubber and provide a platform for cooperation between the diverse companies trading and making products with Fairly Traded natural rubber.
This article reflects on the evolution of rubber (natural latex) production and aspects of its bloody, colonial history, noting the varied applications of rubber in objects around us. The author shows why rubber is a product in need of a Fair Trade label to promote good conditions for rubber tappers, farmers and workers, despite being rejected as a product candidate by FLO international. Lessons are drawn from the evolution of Fairtrade certification criteria and design flaws and the barriers this represents for other major commodities like rubber to be added. Building on the innovations in criteria, representation and premium system developed for Fair Trade Tea plantations, the Fair Rubber Association's approach is described, including the dynamics of the market for workers and small-scale producers. This essay explores issues of measuring labour costs, determining fair prices for workers and farmers. The article shows how this was resolved for Fair Trade rubber and the challenges to be overcome of extreme price sensitivity of major users (like the car industry) and rise of synthetic rubber.
Keywords: Fair Trade labelling; natural rubber; smallholders; tappers; synthetic rubber; Fair Rubber Association (FRA); FLO criteria; certification; social standards; FSC; Fair Trade premium
Gaps in expectations of a cotton producer: the case of Rwenzori cotton farmers in Uganda
Yorokamu K. Abainenamar
The author, Yorokamu K. Abainenamar, sadly passed away during the editing of this article. A full tribute is available on the Journal of Fair Trade website at https://www.joft.org.uk/inspiration/inspiring-people. He was an economist, formerly a management trainer/lecturer and coffee and cotton exporter for co-operatives for over 25 years. He represented Africa on the Board of Fairtrade/FLO, Bonn, and was founder chairman of Fairtrade Africa. He worked with the TJX Rwenzori Sustainable Trade Strategy/Project as Strategic and Commercial Advisor/Consultant (2012–2019). He supported the formation and value chain development of over 30 producer co-operative organisations in Eastern Africa. Abainenamar achieved a Master of Economics degree from the University of Birmingham, UK, and a Bachelor of Statistics and Applied Economics degree from Makerere University, Kampala. He held certificates in international coffee trade and cotton trade from Coffee Federation, London and Liverpool Cotton Association, UK. He gained several other certificates in international trade and export promotion from ITC/UNCTAD/GATT. He will be dearly missed.
The plight of the smallholder cotton farmer in the Rwenzori region of western Uganda starts with the unfair terms of hiring land for cultivation. The next hurdle is the loss of ownership of the cotton at the earliest stage of the value chain after delivering the produce to the ginner. Even the Fairtrade standards base the minimum price for the farmer on delivery of seed cotton at the ginnery, implying that the farmer is not expected to participate in the value chain and share the accruing value additions further up the chain. However, members of the Rwenzori Farmers' marketing Co-operative Society decided to move a step up the value chain by hiring the ginning services and, hence, retained the ownership of both the lint and cotton seed, which improved their income by at least 30 per cent. The strategy is to find investors to enable them to spin the cotton and manufacture the final products.
Keywords: migrant farmer; RWEFAMACOS; value chain; ownership rights; lint; traceability; strategy; integration; gaps; co-operative; Fairtrade
Developing a Fairtrade rice supply chain from Myanmar: achievements, challenges, lessons
George Williams
George Williams worked at Traidcraft Exchange from 2010 until 2021. From 2018 he was the organisation's Impact and Learning Manager. In this role he worked closely with Traidcraft Exchange's programme teams in South Asia and Africa, documenting achievements, approaches and lessons learnt from their work with small-scale producers and workers.
Traidcraft Exchange and its sister business Traidcraft plc have been developing Fair Trade supply chains for over three decades. As core certified 'Fairtrade' products have become mainstream in UK markets since the late 1990s, Traidcraft Exchange has focused energies on bringing innovative supply chains and small-producer organisations into the wider Fair Trade system. The case study presented here is of rice sourced from smallholder farmers in Myanmar's Ayeyarwady region: the world's first Fairtrade product from Myanmar. The case study illustrates how Traidcraft Exchange's explicit focus on small producers and innovating new supply chains from 'left behind' communities can work in practice. It explains challenges faced at both the supplier and market end. It seeks to show how broader programmatic aims to strengthen small producer skills and organisational capacity to engage with trade on fairer terms can mitigate risks associated with export trade to the challenging UK market.
Keywords: rice; paddy; Myanmar; Burma; farmers; small producers; smallholders; Fairtrade; Fair Trade
Vol. 2, No. 1 (2020)
Atypicality: foundational principles making trade fairer
Pauline Tiffen, George Williams and Patrick Van Zwanenberg
Fair Trade Software: empowering people, enabling economies
Peres Were, Julie Madeley and Mädchen Munsell
Fair Trade Software (FTS) builds on the principles of conventional Fair Trade and applies them to software services in developing countries. Using a model of Shared Value Creation, FTS leverages reputation enhancement opportunities for companies in OECD countries to encourage them to share knowledge with partners in developing countries. Working in this way has been demonstrated to improve the quality and capacity of software companies in developing countries and generate digital employment for urban youth. The improvement gains can lead to significant improvements in other sectors that rely on digital services, e.g. healthcare and education.
Keywords: ICT4D, digital training in developing countries, Fair Trade innovation, Fair Trade Software
Fair Trade and distant production: the normalisation of the North in book publishing
Audrey Small
This article seeks to articulate some of the major theoretical difficulties raised by associating book publishing with Fair Trade, building on the concept of the 'distant producer' as critiqued by both Frank Trentmann and Matthias Zick Varul. Where these scholars examine the framing of the Fair Trade producer as always being based in the global South, this article explores an instance of a 'distant Northern producer' of sorts, with particular reference to the publishing of 'francophone African literature'. The dominance of Northern publishers in this field creates a complex series of 'normalisations of the North', in which Paris is normalised as the centre of cultural production; the French language is normalised as the dominant language of culture; and non-print literatures are marginalised in global cultural production. Specific issues concerning intellectual production and property then may be seen as sitting uneasily alongside traditional models and perceptions of Fair Trade.
Keywords: livre équitable, International Alliance of Independent Publishers, francophone African literature
The 'burden' of traceability in gold supply chains
David Finlay
Artisanal and Small-scale Mining (ASM) constitutes 15% (600 tonnes) of global gold production but, as a sector, remains largely veiled to both businesses and consumers in developed Western markets. The movement towards the 'responsible sourcing' of such gold is beginning to gain traction, especially in the jewellery sector, but has started some two decades after equivalent movements for responsible coffee, cocoa and tea, and is accompanied by its own – often surprising – challenges. This article provides an overview of both the ASM landscape and the challenges facing miners and supply chain actors in delivering responsibly mined gold to the point of end-consumer products. It concludes with two examples of mass-balance models that Fairtrade is introducing to drive increases in the volumes of responsibly mined gold sold from mine sites, which accounts for and responds to the 'burden' of full traceability for both large- and small-scale supply chain actors.
Keywords: gold, mining, responsible sourcing, ASM, business, extractives, supply chain, traceability, Fairtrade gold
Changing the optics on palm oil: Fair Trade smallholder supply chains from the palm's ancestral home in West Africa (pp. 35-38)
Fair Trade cannabis: a road map for meeting the socio-economic needs and interests of small and traditional growers
Sylvia Kay, Martin Jelsma and David Bewley-Taylor
Policy changes over the past five years have dramatically reshaped the global cannabis market, opening up legal markets for medical cannabis and, increasingly, also for adult, non-medical use. Despite the fact that these shifts look set to bring a clear range of benefits in terms of health and human rights, there is concern over the many for-profit cannabis companies from the Global North that are aggressively competing to capture the licit spaces, squeezing out small and traditional cannabis farmers from the Global South. If the construction of the global cannabis prohibition regime was an historic mistake, then a transition towards a legally regulated market that concentrates profits in a handful of Big Pharma, Ag, Tobacco and Cannabis companies, while locking out small-scale farmers in the Global South, only serves to further this damaging legacy. The focus of Fair Trade cannabis must be to empower small and traditional producers in the cannabis trade, based on a number of first order principles, market strategies and public policies. Crucially, growers must be enabled to organise amongst themselves and forge coalitions with other actors in order to advocate for appropriate frameworks and interventions.
Keywords: cannabis, sustainable development, human rights, market strategy, cooperatives, war on drugs, drug policy, Fair Trade
Changing the optics on palm oil: Fair Trade smallholder supply chains from the palm's ancestral home in West Africa
Traidcraft Exchange and its sister business Traidcraft Plc have been developing Fair Trade supply chains for over three decades. As core 'Fairtrade'-certified commodities such as coffee, cocoa, tea and bananas have become mainstream in the UK market since the late 1990s, Traidcraft has focused energies on bringing new innovative supply chains and new small-producer organisations into the wider Fair Trade system. The case study presented here is of palm oil sourced from smallholder farmers in Ghana's Eastern region: a commodity normally synonymous with environmental degradation and an area left behind by the economic development of Greater Accra. The case study seeks to demonstrate how Traidcraft's explicit focus on working with small producers and new innovative product ranges provides a counter-balance to consolidation of certified 'Fairtrade' around core commodities. At the same time, the case study highlights some of the challenges of bringing new products to market in the UK's current retail environment.
Keywords: palm oil, Ghana, smallholders, Fairtrade, Fair Trade, SME
Bioleft: open-source seeds for low-input farming systems
Almendra Cremaschi and Patrick van Zwanenberg
This article describes Bioleft, an 'open source', highly collaborative seed breeding initiative, in order to encourage reflection on potential synergies with fair trade ideas and practices. Bioleft aims to develop and redistribute collective agency over seed breeding, as a response to the emergence of an oligopolistic seed industry. It is experimenting with novel approaches to seed innovation that increase the diversity of crop varieties, in order to support agricultural practices that are ignored by mainstream seed firms, particularly small-scale family farming and more ecologically and socially sustainable agricultural practices. More generally it is experimenting with new forms of social and productive organization based on norms of sharing and solidarity.
Keywords: Bioleft, Open-source seeds, Collaborative innovation


Atlanta Medical Malpractice Attorney | ChancoSchiffer P.C.
Georgia's definition of a medical malpractice case is any claim made for the death or injury of a person caused by the care, service, or treatment of a physician, hospital, nursing home, or other facility. If the wrongful death or injury stems from a lack of proper care on the physician or healthcare center's part, you most likely have grounds for a medical malpractice claim in Atlanta.
If you believe a negligent physician, hospital, and/or another party contributed to your healthcare-related injuries, illness, or the death of a loved one, contact us. Medical malpractice is one of the more difficult cases to pursue in Georgia. Hiring a lawyer can make the entire claims process easier on you and your family.
Our firm has obtained multimillion-dollar settlements and verdicts for past clients through tailored legal strategies and individualized attention. Find out how we can help your claim during a free case evaluation.
Why Choose Us as Your Medical Malpractice Lawyers?
ChancoSchiffer, P.C., grew from two attorneys' desire to do more for the people of Fulton County. Douglas B. Chanco spent his childhood around criminal defense and some of the greatest legal minds in the state of Florida. He became a law enforcement officer first, then transitioned into the field of criminal defense. Joshua Schiffer grew up in East Cobb with a strong upbringing of social responsibility and equal opportunity for all. He eventually traded a future in politics for aggressive trial work.
After Chanco and Schiffer combined their firms in 2011, they became one of the most prominent personal injury and criminal defense legal forces in Atlanta. Their attorneys provide dedicated representation to individuals and families facing some of the most intimidating situations of their lives. When it comes to medical malpractice law, ChancoSchiffer P.C., has the legal minds, innovative resources, and commitment to justice you need for a strong case. We will work hard to obtain the best possible results for your claim.
Medical malpractice comes in many different shapes and forms. Any action or failure to act that falls short of accepted standards of medical care, resulting in patient injury or death, is malpractice. Examples can be as blatant as a surgeon showing up to work under the influence of alcohol or subtler, such as a distracted physician failing to notice a symptom and diagnosing the wrong disease.
If you're dealing with nerve damage, a brain injury, broken bones, a worsened health prognosis, undiagnosed cancer, birth injuries, an adverse drug reaction, a preventable infection, or something such as an object left inside you after a surgery, call our Atlanta attorneys at (404) 842-0909. We will listen to your story and let you know if we think you have grounds for a claim during a free consultation.
You have two years from the date of your injury or the date you discover your injuries to file a medical malpractice claim in the state of Georgia. No matter when you discover your injuries, you have a final deadline of five years after the incident that caused them to bring a claim. Don't wait to contact an attorney about your rights and recovery options. Do so the moment you suspect a physician or facility of malpractice.
A successful medical malpractice claim could bring your family the financial stability you need to move forward. You could recover the costs of medical care, lost wages, pain and suffering, loss of consortium, and more. Discuss the potential value of your case with our lawyers during your complimentary legal consultation. Schedule yours now.


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Former WCW Star Van Hammer Arrested After DUI Hit & Run Incident
By Marc Middleton |January 27, 2020
Former WCW star Van Hammer has been arrested and charged with DUI after an incident in Boynton Beach, Florida on Sunday, according to TMZ.
The report notes that Hammer allegedly hit a 5 year old boy with his car while driving drunk on Sunday. Boynton Beach Police say Hammer was driving 58 mph in a 35 mph zone, and was drunk when he hit the young boy, who was riding on a bike with training wheels. The boy reportedly flew on top of the hood of Hammer's car, and suffered possible internal injuries. He remains in stable condition at a local hospital.
Hammer, in handcuffs, appeared before a judge this morning and was officially charged with first degree felony hit & run, and DUI. It was pointed out that Hammer has two previous DUI arrests on his record. His bail was set at $125,000 with an option for house arrest, and he was ordered to stay away from drugs, alcohol, and weapons.
Above is local news video on the incident, and below is Hammer's mugshot photo, courtesy of TMZ:
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A retirement-age married couple were found dead under suspicious circumstances at their San Carlos-area home Wednesday, authorities reported.
Officers conducting a welfare check at the house in the 6600 block of Bell Bluff Avenue discovered the bodies of the 68-year-old man and 69-year-old woman shortly before 10:30 a.m., according to San Diego police.
Both appeared to have succumbed to gunshot wounds, and their deaths were being investigated as a possible murder-suicide, Lt. Mike Holden said.
The woman had been her husband's caretaker, the lieutenant said.
Their names were withheld pending family notification.


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Hezbollah claims gains against Nusra Front in western Syria
Advances on the ground put Iran-backed group on collision course with Islamic State forces.
Published: JULY 24, 2017 17:22
Updated: JULY 24, 2017 17:25
Fighters from the Syrian army units and Hezbollah are seen on the western mountains of Qalamoun, near Damascus, in this handout picture provided by SANA
(photo credit: SANA/REUTERS)
BEIRUT - Hezbollah said on Monday its battle with Nusra Front jihadists at the Syria-Lebanon border was almost over and urged remaining insurgents in the area to give up, pressing its campaign to take their last foothold at the frontier.
With the Nusra Front almost beaten in the mountainous area on the outskirts of the Lebanese town of Arsal, the next phase is expected to focus on adjacent territory held by Islamic State militants.
"We call on all militants ... to spare their blood and throw down their weapons," declared a statement from "resistance operations command" published by Hezbollah-run media.
The Iran-backed Shi'ite Muslim group has played a critical role in vanquishing Sunni Muslim jihadists in the border region during the six-year-long Syrian war, part of its critical military support provided to Syrian President Bashar al-Assad.
The Lebanese group was key to the defeat of militants in the Qalamoun area further south in 2015, and at the Syrian town of Qusair, north of Arsal, in 2013.
The offensive, launched on Friday, has so far focused on militants from the former Nusra Front, which severed ties with al Qaeda last year and rebranded to head the Hayat Tahrir al-Sham alliance.
"The biggest part of the operation has finished, practically speaking, with the seizing of Wadi al-Kheil. Now it's a question of flushing out and searches - then preparation for the fight against Daesh (Islamic State)," a security source said.
Hezbollah's military media unit said its fighters had advanced early on Monday from several directions to capture the Wadi al-Kheil valley in Juroud Arsal, a barren mountainous border zone that has served as a base for militants linked to al Qaeda and Islamic State.
The advance gave Hezbollah control over what had been "the most important base (in the area) for Nusra Front," the media unit said in a statement.
The Lebanese army, which is not taking part in the operation, has set up defensive positions around Arsal, the Lebanese town where aid workers have prepared to help host Syrian refugees living in camps in Juroud Arsal.
U.N. refugee agency UNHCR said that so far only around 250 of the thousands of refugees in the area had fled for Arsal.
On the Syrian side of the border, the Syrian army and Hezbollah recaptured the area around the town of Fleita on Sunday, the Syrian state news agency SANA said.
The offensive has so far killed 19 Hezbollah combatants and more than 130 Sunni militants, according to a security source.
Hezbollah's role in Syria's conflict has been criticized by its Lebanese political opponents, including Prime Minister Saad al-Hariri, who is a Sunni.
Tags hezbollah lebanon hezbollah terrorist organization jabhat al nusra syria war hezbollah


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With Fires, Heat and a Cyclone, Arctic Breaks Melting Record
Sea ice loss could ultimately beat the record low season of 2012
By Chelsea Harvey, E&E News on July 31, 2020
An image of an Arctic cyclone was captured by NASA July 28, 2020. Credit: NASA Worldview
Arctic sea ice hit an all-time low for July against a backdrop of record-breaking temperatures and raging wildfires at the northern reaches of Earth.
Then a cyclone began swirling over the thinning ice this week.
Taken together, those conditions have made scientists concerned about what the rest of the season may hold as thousands of miles of sea ice melts away every day.
Ice cover in the Arctic Ocean hit an all-time low for this time of year on July 15, according to the National Snow and Ice Data Center. Sea ice was disappearing at a rate of more than 56,400 square miles a day earlier this month compared with the typical rate of 33,000 square miles.
Satellites have never seen so little ice in July.
The Siberian coast has been hit hardest. The Northeast Passage, a shipping route along the Russian shoreline, was ice-free two weeks ago.
Sea ice typically continues to melt in the Arctic Ocean through the summer, hitting its lowest point in September, before it begins to refreeze. Given the remarkable season so far, some experts have speculated that it could reach an all-time low in September.
That record was last broken in 2012, the most extreme year in history for Arctic ice cover. Sea ice extent that year was 18% lower than the previous all-time low in 2007 and nearly 50% lower than the average between 1979 and 2000.
Those records might be toppled this year.
Unusually hot and sunny conditions have primed the region for a big melt. In June, a persistent high-pressure system—a kind of swirling atmospheric current often associated with clear, sunny skies—set up camp over the Siberian Arctic. Temperatures soared, culminating in a shocking 100-degree Fahrenheit day in the town of Verkhoyansk, Russia.
It was the first time that ever happened.
The high-pressure system eventually drifted off the Siberian coast toward the central Arctic Ocean. Once there, it accelerated the melting of sea ice.
Faster melting tends to become a self-reinforcing system in the Arctic. As the ice disappears, patches of open ocean absorb more sunlight and heat, further warming the water and melting more ice.
Water temperatures along the Siberian coastline, in particular, have been abnormally high this summer.
Then, this week, scientists flagged another threat to the ice. A swirling cyclone has brewed over the western Arctic Ocean for the last few days, sparking concerns that the storm could break up the sea ice and cause it to melt even faster.
Arctic cyclones aren't uncommon—they happen all the time. But this storm was unusually strong for July and raised warnings about the impact of a similar cyclone in 2012 that some scientists say helped cause record melting that year.
Complexities of Arctic cyclones
Still, there's reason to be cautious about making predictions for the rest of this year, scientists say.
For one thing, a study found that the record melt in 2012 would have happened with or without the cyclone. And other research suggests that Arctic cyclones can have complicated effects on sea ice, sometimes speeding up melt but also sometimes slowing it down, depending on other weather conditions.
It's likely too soon to tell how this storm may affect dwindling sea ice, said Arctic cyclone expert Erika Schreiber at the University of Colorado, Boulder.
Schreiber recently published a review paper, co-authored with National Snow and Ice Data Center Director Mark Serreze, examining the various ways that Arctic cyclones can affect sea ice.
In the summer, Arctic cyclones tend to cool the local climate. This means they can sometimes slow the rate of ice melt, at least temporarily.
On the other hand, strong storms can substantially break up the ice, potentially leaving it more vulnerable to higher temperatures and faster melting later in the season. And they can churn up the ocean, as well, allowing warmer waters to rise to the surface.
"I wouldn't be surprised if this storm has a substantial impact, mostly because the ice has already been melting so much and that it's already much weaker from the very warm conditions that the region has seen this summer," Schreiber said in an interview.
But, she added, it's still relatively early in the season.
"Sea ice is very affected by weather patterns, and there's still a lot of time for something else crazy to happen," she said.
Zachary Labe, a climate scientist at Colorado State University, noted that this year's events aren't a direct parallel to what happened in 2012.
Many scientists have suggested that an unusually intense cyclone damaged the ice in 2012 and contributed to the astonishing record low extent in September. But that cyclone was abnormally persistent, lasting about two weeks, while this week's cyclone is fizzling out after just a few days.
And some research suggests the storm may not have played as much of a role as experts believed at the time. A 2013 study in the journal Geophysical Research Letters investigated the question with model simulations. It found that the 2012 storm did help reduce sea ice concentrations but that the record low in September would have happened anyway.
Still, Arctic cyclones are worth keeping an eye on in the future. Some data suggests their influence on sea ice may be changing as the region continues to warm.
Decades ago, when the satellite record began, the cooling effect of Arctic cyclones seemed to have a bigger influence on sea ice than it does today, Schreiber pointed out. They used to slow down the ice melt to a greater extent.
"But that's becoming less true," she said. "And I am guessing that that is mostly due to the sea ice thinning and generally already just losing area."
A vicious cycle
For now, the unusual weather patterns and extreme heat around Siberia are the most notable aspects of this Arctic summer, Labe said.
The long-lasting high-pressure system, the extreme temperatures, the wildfires, the warm ocean waters and the disappearance of sea ice along the Russian coast are all remarkable events. And they all point to the profound fingerprint of climate change in the Arctic.
That's true even if this September fails to top the 2012 record for having the least ice. Some early projections suggest there probably won't be a record low in September.
But that's no cause for relief.
"To me, I think any time of the year, sea ice is a record low is impacting climate and ecosystems in the Arctic," Labe said. "This July will be the lowest July on record, and it had substantial impacts on the ocean and surrounding land in Siberia. So I think we should focus on that more than the annual minimum, per se."
And even without a record minimum in September, this summer's events may prime Arctic sea ice for a rough fall and winter.
"With the ocean warming up so much along Siberia, it would not surprise me if the sea ice takes longer to re-form in the fall, because there's been so much heat building up," Labe said.
And this, in turn, could set the region up for even more declines next summer, Schreiber noted. If sea ice takes longer to form in the fall, it may not grow as thick in the winter. And thinner ice is likely to break up more easily and melt faster in the spring.
It's all part of the vicious cycle of Arctic climate change. Within just a few decades, scientists predict the Arctic could be seeing totally ice-free summers.
"We are seeing these extreme events within the Arctic, and we're seeing the impacts of climate change already occurring," Labe said. "And I think we should focus on that probably more than ranking statistics as we sometimes tend to do."
Reprinted from Climatewire with permission from E&E News. E&E provides daily coverage of essential energy and environmental news at www.eenews.net.
Chelsea Harvey is a reporter with E&E News.
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During the Program, all participants will reside on the Brandeis University campus in double-or triple-occupancy rooms in residence halls. Male and female students live in separate buildings or floors in the same quad and are not permitted to enter the other residence halls. We have made male, female, and gender inclusive buildings or floors in the same quad.. Residence halls are monitored by adult Program staff 24 hours a day.
For items on what to pack, please refer to the Packing page. In the event that a participant forgets a crucial item, Program staff will do their best to accommodate the student. Items most commonly forgotten include soap, shampoo, toothpaste, and feminine products. Additionally, please note that, while each room contains a wardrobe, that wardrobe does NOT contain clothes hangers.
If participants wish to wash their clothes during the program, staff will provide detergent. There are coin-operated laundry facilities in each residence hall and it costs $1.50 (in quarters) per wash and dry.
Precollege Programs will accommodate all religious observances during the week. Shabbat services are available and Kosher food can be requested. Shabbat keys will also be provided to access residence halls. Please contact Precollege Programs to discuss any necessary travel adjustments necessary to accommodate the observance of Shabbat.
Local transportation throughout the week is via private coach buses. Anytime participants travel into Boston, they are closely chaperoned by Program staff to ensure safety and comfort.
For more information on what to pack, consult the relevant web page. Note if for Global Youth Summit, please refer to this "What to Pack" webpage. If for Young Leaders Seminar on Israel Studies, please refer to this "What to Pack" webpage.


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