text:
Read: The Collapse
Chapter 1: 00:05:09
Chapter 10: 00:03:39
About this writer
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Thought Empire
Random Questionomiser 1.0
https://davidmhenley.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Slow-Swing.mp3
Red light swept the black away but then the black creep back.
'I think the simplest place to begin,' Patrick said, all eyes upon him, 'is to state that there is now a majority of people who believe that we are on the brink of environmental and social collapse. We see the evidence of a looming crisis every day, in the news and all over the internet. Yes?' So far the table followed, nodding along. 'To put it another way, our world has been diagnosed with a fatal condition and we are moving through the stages of grief. We have moved past denial and reached the stage of anger. In the last decade a large group of people have begun to blame our own civilisation for leading us to the precipice and want someone to blame.'
'Sorry, is that wrong?' Ric asked. 'Continual failures of government have led us to this point, haven't they?'
'Perhaps. It might also just be the result of having over ten billion people on a planet built for two,' Patrick answered.
'Which could have been avoided,' Ric interjected.
'Only through population control, and that doesn't usually go so well.'
'Education and contraception are all you nee–'
'Ric, let him speak,' Dahlia interrupted him. 'I want to know about Affordance. Patrick still hasn't even explained it yet. What does it mean?'
Patrick smiled at Ric, enjoying watching his friend being reined in by his wife. 'The word itself is used to link design to function. Take the doorknob for example. The doorknob is a perfect object. It fits into your hand and the only Affordance it has,' he held his hand out, miming the action, 'is for you to turn it, which also performs its function. There is no other way to use a doorknob but the correct way; it affords no action that is not functional. To take it beyond an object to indirect Affordance, the existence of the doorknob gives us the Affordance to have doors, which affords us the ability to have rooms. Et cetera, et cetera.'
'What about sliding doors?' Dahlia asked.
'The principle remains the same but I fear you're missing the point. Every object affords different actions, some of these actions result in function, others do not. Affordance does not dictate function, it dictates the action that triggers the function. What function each action drives is up to the designers.'
'I'm lost,' Dahlia said.
'Me too,' Tom agreed. 'How does this become a political movement?
Patrick breathed in and leant back. 'Okay. Let's try anothor example. Stairs are another underappreciated invention. They give us the ability to get from one altitude to another. Without stairs humans couldn't have multi-storey buildings. Without multi-story buildings we might not have reached the population we have.'
'Then we should ban stairs. Problem solved!' Bora said and everybody laughed except Patrick, who nodded.
'You laugh but that is exactly right. That is where applying the concept of Affordance to our societies leads us. To limiting the Affordance for actions that create outcomes that displease us. The political movement my old friend has joined, wants us—'
'I haven't joined anything,' Ric grumbled.
'—wants us,' Patrick spoke on, 'to apply this principle to society as a whole; to limit actions to create functional behaviour.'
'What does "functional" mean?' Tom asked.
'That is still open to debate. But, like the doorknob, they believe we can design a society where people can only do good, and can only contribute to the ultimate function of the larger group.'
Dahlia had her hand up. Ric smirked, 'You don't have to raise your hand, dear.'
Patrick played along as professor, 'You had a question, miss?'
'How does one limit actions in society?' Dahlia asked.
'Laws, customs, language,' he listed them off, 'architecture, transport, reward systems, market interference. There are many forms of limiting social Affordance that have existed since the dawn of society. This new movement, though, also endorses the idea of controlling evolution to direct the course of the species. How many of you support that idea?' He looked around for a show of hands. 'Not even you, Ric?'
'You know an awful lot about something you don't want to teach,' Ric quipped.
'Yes. I'm like that,' Patrick answered.
'So why don't you include it in your teaching and spare yourself, and Zizi, the annual harassment? Isn't this an interesting discussion to have with students? Why not lecture on it?' Ric asked.
'Because I take my role as a teacher seriously. It is my job to develop ideas in students' heads, and I am very selective about which ideas those are. Once a person gains new knowledge they can't help but be faced with the choice of applying that knowledge or not.'
'Ignorance is not only bliss, it is righteous,' Bora interjected and then rolled his head, gathering his English words. 'This thing "Affordance". I have heard of this before.'
Patrick urged for him to go on.
'They are speaking about it in Korea. Though I think the word means more directly "purpose". The people must have purpose, and prove their purpose.'
'It sounds similar.'
'The difference seems be,' Bora said, 'here you talk about reduction or as reductive principle. For us . . . I don't know the word.' Bora held his arms out as if holding a large ball that was growing. 'Make additive, productive, inclusive? Perhaps . . . expansive? I think I like our way more. It is about finding purposes for all, rather than fitting all to one purpose.'
'I don't like it either way. Why must we justify our right to exist at all? We have the right to exist because we exist. Existence is the right to exist.' Patrick said.
Bora snorted. 'You are wrong. Existence is not a right. It is a duty.'
There was a pause, as the table waited to see who would speak next.
The weather broke the next day. Tom awoke to silence and the first sunlight in over a week. It hit the wall and crept towards the bed. Tara's arm and shoulder lay exposed as the light smoothed over her skin, up to mousy blond hair and a cheek with a long scar cutting the length of her face.
'You can you see me?'
She closed her eyes again and rolled over to face the other way.
'Don't look at me.'
'But I want to look at you. You're the first thing I've seen in days. Let me see your face.'
'Ha,' she mumble laughed. 'Not even I want to look at it.'
'You're beautiful, Tara. Let me see.'
Reluctantly she rolled back over to face him. Tears were rolling out of her eyes, curving into the valley of an old cut.
'What happened to you?'
'I was attacked by a robot when I was a kid.'
'A killbot? Why did it target you?'
'I was wearing a cross. My parents were Christians.'
Tom didn't say anything. He didn't grow up in a religious household. 'How old were you?'
'Six. Our kitchen aide had been reprogrammed to attack anyone wearing the cross. I don't remember it happening.'
There was a swipe and the dust on his window disappeared. Something peered inside at him. When the red light flashed it lit up one side of the most gruesome face he had ever seen. Almost noseless with long nostrils and fat fangs displacing leathery lips. It looked like a chimpanzee whose face had been disfigured at an early age.
He felt warm liquid going down his thigh.
An inhuman face. Strained eyes and pinched pupils. Swollen red lips irritated by teeth fighting for position.
Is that a monster?
It moved around him, neck bending snakelike but face snuffling around like a pig. Its breath blew away more of the dust, its drool landing on the glass and dripping downwards. The gobbet was yanked away as the monster turned its head. A claw lifted up and tapped on the glass, which he heard only as a soft tick tick.
The horror left his view and he was alone again. The warning light went on and off and he watched shadows on the wall. Hunched, scampering shadows.
What nightmare have I woken up in?
How long have I been asleep? A century? Two?
What was that thing?
He willed his eyes to close so he could drown in thawing memories. Instead he stared at the glisten of condensation as it twisted and ripped down the glass.
As his lids began to shut he yearned for the safe darkness. Some things he remembered vividly, like last night's dinner. How everyone looked. What was said. The taste of peaches.
'Patrick,' she said. 'Why don't you clear the plates? Dessert is ready.'
Zizi returned to the kitchen and took a baking tray from the oven, where a dozen peach halves had been caramelising. She placed two on each plate, drowned them in caramel sauce and topped each with a generous dollop of cream.
Patrick collected the dirty plates and went to the kitchen. Tom followed with the empty platters. Each of them took two bowls out to the main room and passed them around the table.
Everyone was impressed by the peaches. A now rare fruit served with casual delicacy.
'Okay, Patrick, I'm curious,' Anna said. 'This Affordance thing just sounds like a reworded discussion about social responsibility. Why are you so against it?'
'I agree with you that it is just a repackaging of old ideas. A renamed philosophy to unite people to a cause. But my worry is that if enough people begin to follow it the consequences would be disastrous. Perhaps humanity's defining issue for this century.'
'More so than the environmental crisis?' Zizi asked.
'In some ways, yes.'
'How can you say that? One is a real thing the other is just an academic theory,' she said.
'And people are already dying from the weather,' Ric added.
'Yes, and more and more will die. Millions will if the predictions are correct.' Patrick said.
'How can you be so blasé about it?' Dalia asked.
'Just because I can speak of it without blubbering doesn't mean I don't care. I do. I think about the horror that is to come every day. But Affordance is a real thing too, and more powerful because of what is happening.'
'How so?'
'Affordance is another way of saying freedom. You limit action to promote a desired function. That is, you narrow the possible actions to get the action you want; you limit choices to achieve a particular outcome. As conditions worsen in our world, the Affordance allowed mankind will be narrowed. It will force choices on our societies that we have been able to avoid for a long long time.'
'Now it sounds like you believe in it.'
'I do. I believe Affordance exists, I just don't believe we should manipulate it.' Patrick moved his plate away from himself. 'You think the eco-crisis is the worst to come? I think the worst will come if humanity as a whole embraces the principles of Affordance.'
'Why? It might work.' Ric said. 'Don't we need to reengineer our society and make it less self-destructive?'
'But if you formalise control mechanisms, that in turn creates the possibility for misuse and mistakes of judgement that would have massive global repercussions.'
'What is the alternative? To not try? This is a choice between conscious intervention in the design of society, or just letting it play out.'
'No, not quite,' Patrick said. 'As you commented about our role in animal evolution, humanity has been interfering in the design of human society since the creation of the first laws. Affordance is about setting an overall function for humanity. An end result. That's where it gets really dangerous. It becomes about limiting personal freedoms for a single focus.'
'That is the essence of the social contract. Sacrificing certain individual freedoms to benefit the group,' Dalia replied.
'Some freedoms need to be limited,' Ric added. 'That's why we don't kill each other.'
'Is it? Is the only reason you don't commit murder because of the punishment?' Patrick asked.
'No of course not. That's not what I meant.'
'Is it more then that the stigma of being a murderer puts you off?'
'I suppose that's a part of it.'
'Perhaps it is also the cosy rooms we live in and plentiful supply of food, that you don't feel the need to murder?'
'What point are you making now?' Ric asked.
'That it isn't laws that stop you becoming a casual murderer but that you live in a society where killing another person doesn't benefit you. You don't need to kill to protect yourself and socially it would have a negative effect.'
'And?'
'Not everyone gets to live in our world, Ric. Many live in situations where violence is the only way they can survive. Limiting personal freedoms doesn't change the environment they live in. That is what we need to change.'
'Isn't that Affordance? If I understand you, you just suggested changing their circumstances to create new Affordances.'
'Yes, but not by limiting personal freedoms – by increasing those freedoms. Increasing the range of human potential to give them individual choice. That's an important distinction.'
'That's chaos,' Ric nearly shouted. 'Civilisation is a road we have been driving down for a long time. But we've been driving blind, or not had a driver at all. Affordance suggests taking the wheel. Isn't that a good thing?'
'I understand your analogy but, again, it presupposes a destination,' Patrick said. 'Where does this road you speak of go?'
'I don't know but we are driving somewhere, like it or not. And our tools for doing so have become more refined and more powerful.' Ric said. 'That business outside? That's where being driverless leads us. That's what will happen if we don't take care of our civilisation.'
Patrick grimaced. 'I suspected you were on the other side of this one, Ric.'
'You're saying that you instead support not taking control and letting civilisation careen over a cliff. Affordance is necessary to forging a fair and decent society,' Ric declared.
'Control isn't civilisation. It's domestication. Putting up fences. Nudge architecture. Market incentiv–'
At that moment there was a smash outside. Something of glass had hit the bricks around the window.
'Oh, it's beginning already. Ric, help me close the curtains.'
'What is this? Are they attacking?' Anna protested.
'This?' Patrick said and drew the heavy curtains closed. He barely flinched as another bottle exploded outside. 'This is what the students of Affordance are doing.'
'Affordance doesn't promote violence,'Ric said.
'Violence doesn't need much promotion. Once you have created a right and a wrong side, you have cleft a division in society. Violence always follows.'
'There is right and wrong. This planet is dying and it will take us with it. We as a species have to change.'
'And how do you want this change to come about? Who decides what changes need to be made? We are at a point in time when the general civilian holds deep mistrust for governments, charities, religions and multinational corporations. There will never be agreement, there will just be war. This outside? These teenagers? This is nothing compared to what comes next.'
'And still, you'd prefer to have no driver?
'Natural evolution moves slower. Diversity gives us the chance to autocorrect.'
'Deus ex machina?' Ric sneered.
'No. The law of large numbers. With enough people we can have multiple strands of evolution at once, and the fittest will progress. Controlling evolution decreases diversity and diversity allows us to fail and still survive.'
'Humanity is destroying itself.'
'No, parts of humanity are destroying themselves. The whole is not at risk.'
'Civilisation is at risk!'
'Don't be alarmist. There are ten billion people on this planet. We aren't all going to die.'
'I don't know which of you is less humane. An old friend who wants to domesticate us all or my husband who doesn't think millions of people dying is a very big problem.' Zizi smiled. 'Who'd like a whisky?'
Tom went to join Patrick who was peering around the curtains. 'I should apologise,' Ric came up beside them. 'I didn't mean for us to get so heated. I was just playing devil's advocate.'
'Oh, there's no need for that,' Patrick said, turning back to the room. 'You know I love a good argument.'
'I'm actually still confused which side you are on. At times there I thought you were convincing us about Affordance. Do you agree with social engineering or not?'
'Up to a point.'
'Then why don't you just introduce it to your lectures and spare yourself this harassment?'
'Because I only agree with them about the principles of the argument, not the course of action they wish to take. I don't dispute that Affordance exists, but applying it en masse worries me. The crisis is here, in our lifetime. If we are to survive, humanity must be diverse. I won't help spread views that we should redesign homo sapiens to solve our problems. The idea is insufferable.'
'But like you said, the apocalypse is coming, we have to try to stop it,' Dalia said.
'I never said apocalypse. Do you really believe that is what is happening?'
'Some days I do.'
'Every generation has people saying it's the apocalypse. It hasn't been true yet.'
'But what if it is this time?'
'The thing I find interesting about the concept of an apocalypse,' Zizi said, 'is how many people seem so keen for one to happen.'
'An apocalypse isn't the end of the world you know. Just the end of an age,' Ric said.
'No,' Bora mumbled. '"Apo" is negating prefix to "kaluptein" meaning cover. Apocalypse, in literal translation, means "uncover" or "reveal".'
'Really?'
'It's your language but yes. It is only more recently that people think it means the world will end. In Latin it only means revelation.'
'Revelation of what?'
Bora laughed. 'Exactly!' He slapped his thighs and held out his empty glass.
'Okay,' Zizi said, taking it from him and adding a shot from the whisky bottle. 'You've earned it.'
He drank it in one, burped and added a footnote. 'What is happening is more like Viking Ragnarok. These,' his empty hand indicated towards the outside world, 'are the children of Loki.'
'Now that is a prophecy I can get behind,' Ric said.
'Well which age is about to end then?' Dalia asked Patrick.
'I wasn't the one suggesting an age was ending,' Patrick said.
'Crops are failing. Fish stocks are depleted . . .' she trailed off. 'Back at home the government have announced they can't refill the emergency reserves. And still nothing is changing.'
'Don't forget about the weather,' Zizi said. 'The weather is changing.'
'Maybe that is why so many people hope for an apocalypse,' Patrick said. 'Because they want to see what is on the other side. But to see the other side, one must find an ark. Only an ark will survive an apocalypse.'
The six of them breathed out as one. All they could hear was the gentle clinks of ice whenever they lifted their tumblers. Outside the wind was gliding though the naked branches.
'It's gone quiet out there,' Anna said. It was the first time she had spoken since the students had begun throwing bottles.
'Let's take another look,' Patrick said.
The dinner party all moved to the windows. Ric stepped forward to peer through the curtains.
'Are they still out there?' Zizi asked.
'There's others now. People in robes,' he said.
'It's over. The houses are making their selections,' Patrick explained.
He opened the curtains so all could watch.
Down in the trees they saw figures wearing long druidic robes with hoods covering their faces walking amongst the trees, every now and then they would stop before one of the silent students. They seemed to exchange words but from the apartment upstairs they could hear nothing. The candidate would then kneel to the ground, the person in robes touched the supplicant's head, again something was spoken, then the student stood up and was given a card. The druid moved on to another of the watchers while the student read the card before jogging off into the streets.
'What happens now?' Dalia asked.
'That's it for another year,' Patrick said.
'No, what do they do next?'
'I presume they were given either an address or an instruction for the next stage of the initiation.'
The dinner guests watched the ritual through, until all the students had left and the square was empty, only the trees and the statue remained.
'I suppose it is safe to go home now,' Ric said.
'Yes. Though it was safe before. I don't think they would have hurt any of you.'
'Well it didn't feel that way,' Anna said. 'Shouldn't we have called the police when they started throwing bottles?'
'Maybe we should have.' Patrick smiled wanly.
'You don't seem that angry. I'd be more angry if I was you.' Dalia said.
'I find I can't blame them. The kids coming in these days. They don't care about what we care about. And they don't know anything about history. They are looking at a painful future and they can only blame everything that has come before. Just as we blame the generations before us.'
'Well on that note, I think we should call it a night before we open up a whole new topic,' Zizi said. 'I have an early start tomorrow.'
The hosts found everyone's coats and escorted them downstairs.
'Good luck with the exhibition. We hope to make the opening.'
'Have you RSVPed?'
'Ah, no. Sorry. I'll do that tomorrow.'
'It's okay. I'll put you on the list. Thank you for a . . . stimulating evening.' Anna shook their hands cordially and waited as Bora gave them both a bear hug and wet kisses on the cheeks.
Ric and Dalia likewise expressed their thanks. Zizi, Patrick and Tom waved them good bye and returned to the apartment, loaded the dishwasher, transferred the leftovers to plastic containers and put them in the fridge. Candles were blown out. Lights were tapped off and the ceiling was decorated in shadow branches from the lamps outside under the trees.
Tom went into the guest bathroom to brush his teeth and collapsed on the tiled floor.


text:
mastershoe-myshu
Founded in 1982, Giles UK Limited trades as mastershoe-myshu, a lifestyle shoes retailer based in the South West of England, providing all the latest styles from over 70 world-renowned brands, including Merrel and Skecher. The company has a store in Trowbridge, UK and sells on Amazon, eBay and via its website. Giles UK invests heavily in the customer service side of its business, with a best price guarantee, free UK delivery, a dedicated UK call centre, and a generous returns policy, all of which result in excellent customer ratings. Emma Smith is Associate Director for Giles UK and shared the opening chapters of the relationship with Volo.
Challenge: Efficiency
Results: Save 3-4 staff
Benefits: Transformed efficiency
Multichannel ecommerce efficiencies
"Efficiency was the reason that we came to Volo initially. We're not a massive company, but we're by no means a small player either. That said, we had very manual systems and processes. We have a number of warehouses, but our warehousing was inefficient and we didn't have automated stock control, so everything was a logistical nightmare.
"We wanted to further grow our business on eBay and our website, as well as streamline our processes for online and in-store. We also wanted to get onto Amazon, but we couldn't do anything because of our manual processes. Genuine multichannel ecommerce was a gigantic missed opportunity that we wanted to capitalise on.
Fantastic implementation
"I'm not going to beat around the bush, the implementation process has been fantastic. We were using a third party developer for our website and Volo linked everything together, our website and eBay, and got us trading on Amazon.
"We've got our products on Amazon already and the growth has started. The process was amazing. We loaded up the products and barcodes by brand. We added our own photos for all the half size shoes that we do where Amazon didn't already have a listing. Then we used formulas to calculate our minimum and maximum prices. Finally, we turned on Volo's Amazon price checker and it automatically set the prices for thousands of listings. It was that easy.
Leaps in productivity
"The efficiency side has been phenomenal. The Volo platform has transformed the efficiency of the business. Staffing-wise, we've been able to grow without taking on extra staff. In terms of staffing levels the Volo system equates to 3 or 4 staff, so cost-wise it's had a major effect.
"Now that our systems are sorted, we're looking to grow the business further. We've had our first Customer Success call with our Volo manager to set some goals and actions, which was very beneficial. We're concentrating on Amazon, learning from Volo and for ourselves about this new channel, and we're focused on what we enjoy doing, which is growing the business."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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"Everyone is entitled to their own opinion, but not their own facts." Daniel Patrick Moynihan
"The "guy rules factor" holds that the more powerful the machine and the harder it is to control, the more macho those who use it are." - Massad Ayoob
Biggest state on the Left Coast
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"Everyone is entitled to their own opinion, but not their own facts." - Daniel Patrick Moynihan
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Please join us on World Schizophrenia Day, for our second annual Strides of Hope Walk from 12:30 p.m. to 1:30 p.m. in Camrose. The starting location for our walk is the SSA Camrose Branch at 206, 5015 50 Avenue, T4V 3P7 and will end at Kamifurano Park.
To register or make a pledge, please click the register button below. Encourage others to participate, wear purple or white and join us, rain or shine to make Strides of Hope a success!
Please join us on World Schizophrenia Day, for our second annual Strides of Hope Walk from 12:30 p.m. to 1:30 p.m. in Calgary. The starting and ending location for our walk is Banker's Hall, 315 8 Ave SW, Calgary, AB T2P 4K1 .
Please join us on World Schizophrenia Day, for our second annual Strides of Hope Walk from 12:30 p.m. to 1:30 p.m. in Edmonton. The starting and ending locations for our walk is Beaver Hills House Park, 105 St NW and Jasper Avenue, Edmonton, AB T5J 1A7.
Please join us on World Schizophrenia Day, for our second annual Strides of Hope Walk from 12:30 p.m. to 1:30 p.m. in downtown Red Deer. The starting and ending location for our walk is the SSA Red Deer Branch at 4811 48 Avenue, Red Deer, AB, T4N 3T2.
Please join us on World Schizophrenia Day, for our second annual Strides of Hope walk from 12:30 p.m. to 1:30 p.m. in Medicine Hat. The starting and ending location for our walk is at the Riverside Veterans Memorial Park, 1st Street and 6th Avenue SE, Medicine Hat, AB, T1A 7Z6.
Please join us on World Schizophrenia Day, for our second annual Strides of Hope Walk from 12:30 p.m. to 1:30 p.m. in Lethbridge. The starting and ending locations for our walk is at the Galt Gardens, 3 Avenue and 7 Street S, Lethbridge, AB T1J 0H4.
Please join us on World Schizophrenia Day, for our first annual Strides of Hope Walk from 12:30 p.m. to 1:30 p.m. in Calgary. The starting and ending location for our walk is the Olympic Plaza Park at 228 8 Ave, Calgary AB T2G 0K7.
To register or make a online pledge, please click the register button below. Encourage others to participate, wear purple or white and join us to make our first Strides of Hope a success!
Please join us on World Schizophrenia Day, for our first annual Strides of Hope Walk from 12:30 p.m. to 1:30 p.m. in Edmonton. The starting and ending locations for our walk is Beaver Hills House Park, 105 St NW and Jasper Avenue, Edmonton AB T5J 1A7.
Please join us on World Schizophrenia Day, for our first annual Strides of Hope Walk from 12:30 p.m. to 1:30 p.m. in Camrose. The starting location for our walk is the SSA Camrose Branch at 206, 5015 50 Avenue, T4V 3P7 and will end at the Kamifurano Park .
Please join us on World Schizophrenia Day, for our first annual Strides of Hope Walk from 12:30 p.m. to 1:30 p.m. in downtown Red Deer. The starting and ending location for our walk is the SSA Red Deer Branch at 4809 48 Avenue, Red Deer, AB, T4N 3T2.
We are proud to invite you to SSA's 6th Annual Campaign Kick-off "Extraordinary Minds," SSA's largest fundraiser of the year.
This past year SSA provided support to 26,329 individuals living with schizophrenia, their families, and caregivers.
This year our campaign goal is to raise $120,000 to help expand our reach to support 34,000 by December 2018.
This past year SSA served over 26,329 Albertans. Now that we have the technology to reach more people, we need the funding to help us meet our 2018 goal to support over 34,000 clients across the province.
FACTS 1 in 100 people have schizophrenia.
Over 40,000 Albertans are living with schizophrenia, a treatable brain disorder; this does not include the families and caregivers whose lives are also significantly impacted. In total, approximately 134,000 people in Alberta could benefit from SSA's support programs.
GOAL Raise $120,000 to increase access and support to 34,000 Albertans in 2018.
This year's Camrose Open Minds Walk and Run gathering is about raising funds, awareness and honoring those affected by schizophrenia, their families, and caregivers. Bring your family, children, pets, and friends! Together we will raise fund to go towards SSA's client Peer Support programs in Camrose.
This year you can participate in the Open Minds Walk and Run on your own time, in your own location, by yourself or with family, friends or co-workers.
Have you ever wondered what it's like to have schizophrenia?
Thank you to all participants, sponsors, donors and volunteers for supporting the Open minds Walk and Run!
The Open Minds Walk and Run will be held in Calgary on Saturday August 27, 2016. This year all funds raised will go to support the Peer Support Programs at the branch you choose to participate.
The Open Minds Walk and Run will be held in Camrose on Saturday August 27. This year all funds raised will go to support the Peer Support Programs at the branch you choose to participate.


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\section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction}\label{sec:intro}

\noindent
The neutrino oscillation data unambiguously establish that neutrinos have tiny but nonzero masses,
the explanation of which calls for physics beyond the Standard Model (SM).
Among the various extensions of the SM, the left-right symmetric models (LRSMs) provide a natural framework to embed the right-handed neutrinos (RHNs) and generate the neutrino masses. In this framework, parity violation is a low-energy feature; parity invariance is restored at high energies. Hence, the SM gauge group is extended to $SU(3)_C \otimes SU(2)_L \otimes SU(2)_R \otimes U(1)_{B-L}$ in the LRSM and the left-right symmetry breaks at the TeV-scale introducing two heavy gauge bosons, $W^\prime$ and $Z^\prime$ in the spectrum.

A simple method to generate the small masses of the left-handed neutrinos is the seesaw mechanism,
where one introduces a set of heavy SM-singlet Majorana fermions breaking the $(B-L)$-symmetry.
However, the mechanism relies on a very high-scale explicit breaking of the lepton number symmetry in its simplest form (type-I seesaw). Hence, in this case, one requires the new physics scale $M$ to be of the order of $10^{14}$ GeV, i.e. much beyond the reach of colliders, to arrive at the observed neutrino mass scale $\displaystyle v^2/M\lesssim 0.1 $ eV without fine-tuning the Higgs vacuum expectation value (VEV, $v$).
From a collider perspective, a much interesting possibility appears when one considers the inverse seesaw mechanism (ISM)~\cite{Mohapatra:1986aw,Mohapatra:1986bd}. In the ISM, one obtains the sub-eV neutrinos by adding three extra singlet Majorana fermions with mass $\mu \sim$ keV~\cite{Bazzocchi:2010dt,Dias:2011sq} with the three TeV-range RHNs.

\begin{figure*}[t]
\captionsetup[subfigure]{labelformat=empty}
\subfloat[(a)]{\includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{ks1}\label{fig:KS1}}\hfill
\subfloat[(b)]{\includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{ks2}\label{fig:KS2}}\hfill
\subfloat[(c)]{\includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{signal}\label{fig:Signal}}
\caption{Feynman diagrams for the KS Process: (a) for $M_{W^\prime} > M_{N_R}$ and (b) for $M_{W^\prime} < M_{N_R}$. Our signal process with $M_{W^\prime} > M_{N_R}$ and the decay of $N_R$ through on-shell $W$ is shown in (c).}\label{fig:fynd}
\end{figure*}

In this paper, we investigate an interesting collider signature of a minimal realisation of LRSM with ISM. We consider the $pp\to W^\prime$ process where $W^\prime$ is a heavy charged gauge boson which decays to a charged lepton ($\ell$) and a RHN ($N_R$). The heavy RHN then further decays to a $W$ boson and another charged lepton. For this decay to occur, we need $M_{N_R} < M_{W^\prime}$, a mass ordering possible to obtain with the ISM.
When the $W$, produced in the decay of $N_R$, decays hadronically, the process becomes similar to the Keung-Senjanovi\'{c} (KS) process~\cite{Keung:1983uu}, which was proposed as a
direct probe of the Majorana nature of the RHNs in the LRSM. The KS process also acts as a clean probe of the heavy right-handed $W'$ and, thus, the TeV-range breaking of the left-right symmetry. In the original KS process, the mass of RHN was taken to be lighter than the mass
of $W'$, i.e. $M_{W^\prime} > M_{N_R}$. In
this process, a RHN, produced along with a charged lepton through the Drell-Yan production of $W^\prime$, decays to a charged lepton and two jets through an off-shell $W^\prime$, as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:KS1}. If, however, $M_{W^\prime} < M_{N_{R}}$, a similar final state would arise, but in this case, $N_R$ would be produced through an off-shell $W^{\prime}$ and decay through an on-shell $W^\prime$, as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:KS2}. Either way, we would get the same $\ell\ell jj$ final state in both cases~\cite{Ferrari:2000sp,Gninenko:2006br,Atre:2009rg,Nemevsek:2011hz,Chen:2011hc,Chakrabortty:2012pp,Aguilar-Saavedra:2012grq,Han:2012vk,Chen:2013foz,Rizzo:2014xma,Gluza:2015goa,Ng:2015hba,Dev:2015kca,Mitra:2016kov,Roitgrund:2020cge,Das:2017hmg,Arbelaez:2017zqq,Nemevsek:2018bbt}.

Our signature differs from the KS process mainly in the fact that in our case, the RHN decays to an on-shell $W$ [in particular, $N_R\to \ell W_h$, where $W_h$ denotes a hadronically decaying $W$, see Fig.~\ref{fig:Signal}] as opposed to a $W^\prime$ (off-shell or on-shell). In regular LRSM with
type-I seesaw, the Yukawa couplings responsible for the two-body decays, $N_R\to \ell W$ are extremely small for TeV-scale RHNs. As a result, such decays become negligible compared to off-shell $W'$ mediated three-body decay. However, with the ISM, the Yukawa couplings that govern the $N_R\to \ell W$ decay can be sufficiently large such that the signature is observable at the LHC. Even though the final state of this process is essentially the same as that of the KS one, the kinematics of these two processes are very different. In our signal, the jet-pairs come from the decay of boosted $W$ and form a fatjet. This feature is not present in the KS process. Hence, the two processes complement each other and can be used to probe different neutrino mass generation mechanisms. Unlike the KS process, the $N_R\to \ell W_h$ signature has not been searched for at the LHC.

The paper is organised as follows. In Section~\ref{sec:MLRSMISS}, we discuss the model and neutrino parameters, in Section~\ref{sec:compKS}, we compare our signature and the KS process in more detail, in Section~\ref{sec:exclu}, we discuss the LHC bounds on $W^\prime$, in Section~\ref{sec:lhcpheno}, we analyse our signature, and finally, in Section~\ref{sec:sumcon}, we conclude.

\begin{table}[!t]
\centering{
\begin{tabular*}{\columnwidth}{l @{\extracolsep{\fill}} cccc }
\hline
 Particle &  $SU(3)_C$ &  $SU(2)_L$ & $SU(2)_R$ & $U(1)_{B-L}$\\ \hline\hline
$q_L^i \equiv \begin{pmatrix} u_L^i \\ d_L^i \end{pmatrix}$ & $\mathbf{3}$ & $\mathbf{2}$ & $\mathbf{1}$ & $\dfrac{1}{3}$ \\
$q_R^i \equiv \begin{pmatrix} u_R^i \\ d_R^i \end{pmatrix}$  & $\mathbf{3}$ & $\mathbf{1}$ & $\mathbf{2}$ & $\dfrac{1}{3}$ \\ \hline
$L_L \equiv \begin{pmatrix} \nu_L^i \\ e_L^i \end{pmatrix}$ & $\mathbf{1}$ & $\mathbf{2}$ &$\mathbf{1}$ & $-1$ \\
$L_R \equiv \begin{pmatrix} N_R^i \\ e_R^i \end{pmatrix}$ & $\mathbf{1}$ & $\mathbf{1}$ &$\mathbf{2}$ & $-1$ \\  \hline
$S^i$ & $\mathbf{1}$ & $\mathbf{1}$ & $\mathbf{1}$ & $0$ \\ \hline
$\Phi = \left(\begin{matrix}\phi^0_1 & \phi^+_2\\\phi^-_1 & \phi^0_2\end{matrix}\right)$ & $\mathbf{1}$ & $\mathbf{2}$ & $\mathbf{2}$ & 0 \\

$\chi_{L} = \left(\begin{matrix} \chi^+_L\\ \chi^0_L\end{matrix}\right)$ & $\mathbf{1}$ & $\mathbf{2}$ & $\mathbf{1}$ & $1$ \\

$\chi_{R} = \left(\begin{matrix} \chi^+_R\\ \chi^0_R\end{matrix}\right)$ & $\mathbf{1}$ & $\mathbf{1}$ & $\mathbf{2}$ & $1$ \\ \hline
\end{tabular*}
\caption{Particle content of left-right symmetric model based on the gauge group $SU(3)_C \otimes SU(2)_L \otimes SU(2)_{R} \otimes U(1)_{B-L}$. }
\label{tab:partqn}}
\end{table}

\section{Left-right symmetry with inverse seesaw}
\label{sec:MLRSMISS}

\noindent
We consider a simple realisation of the LRSM with the following gauge structure,
\begin{equation}
\mc{G}_{LRSM} = SU(3)_C\otimes SU(2)_L\otimes SU(2)_R \otimes U(1)_{B-L}.
\label{LRgauge}
\end{equation}
In this model, the $SU(2)_R$ gauge coupling $g_R$ is a
free parameter; not same as the $SU(2)_L$ gauge coupling $g_L$.
The particle content and the gauge quantum numbers are summarised in Table~\ref{tab:partqn}.
In addition to the SM fermions, there are three right-handed neutrinos ($N_R^i$) and three neutral fermions ($S^i$) introduced for the three generations. The RHNs are naturally present in the LRSM, whereas the neutral fermions are required to realise the ISM. The RHNs form the $SU(2)_R$ doublets with the right-handed charged leptons,  whereas the $S^i$ are all singlets under $\mc{G}_{LRSM}$. The enlarged scalar sector consists of three multiplets, i.e., the Higgs bidoublet $\Phi$ and two doublet scalars $\chi_{L}$ and $\chi_{R}$ which are doublets under  $SU(2)_{L}$ and $SU(2)_R$ gauge groups,  respectively.

\subsection{Symmetry breaking}
\noindent
The spontaneous breaking of the gauge symmetry follows the pattern below
\begin{align}
&~SU(3)_C\otimes SU(2)_L\otimes SU(2)_R \otimes U(1)_{B-L} \nn \\
&\hspace{2.6cm}~\Big\downarrow \langle \chi_R\rangle \nn \\
&\hspace{0.8cm}~SU(3)_C\otimes SU(2)_L\otimes U(1)_Y \nn \\
&\hspace{2.6cm}~\Big\downarrow \sqrt{\langle \Phi\rangle^2 + \langle \chi_L \rangle^2} \nn \\
&\hspace{1.45cm}~SU(3)_C\otimes U(1)_{EM}.\nn
\end{align}
The doublet field $\chi_R$ is non-trivially charged under $SU(2)_R \times U(1)_{B-L}$. Hence, when it acquires a TeV-scale VEV, the group breaks down to $U(1)_Y$ and gives masses to the charged $W^\prime$ and neutral $Z^\prime$ bosons.
The standard electroweak symmetry breaking is then carried out by the neutral scalar fields in $\chi_L$ and the bidoublet $\Phi$ satisfying the relation,
\begin{equation}
\sqrt{\Big(\left\langle\chi_L^0\right\rangle^2+ \left\langle\phi_1^0\right\rangle^2+ \left\langle\phi_2^0\right\rangle^2\Big)} \sim 246 \ \text{GeV}.
\end{equation}
The electromagnetic charge can be expressed as
\begin{equation}
Q_{EM} = I_{3 L} + I_{3 R} + \dfrac{B-L}{2}.
\end{equation}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{BRvsMN}
\caption{Branching ratio of $W'\to N_R\ell$ as functions of $M_{N_R}$ for different $M_{W'}$ choices.}
\label{fig:BRWpNR}
\end{figure}

Since here our motivation is to study the unexplored signature as discussed in the introduction, we make an assumption that the $W^\prime$ boson dominantly decays to the SM fermions and RHNs. We make a further simplifying assumption that two of the RHNs are heavier than  $W^\prime$, so that the vector boson can decay to only one generation of RHNs. Since, $W^\prime$ universally couples to  right-handed fermions with the strength $g_R$, the branching ratio (BR) of the $W^\prime\to N_R\ell$ decay is about $10\%$ in the $M_{W^\prime}\gg M_{N_R}$ limit, as seen in Fig.~\ref{fig:BRWpNR}. As the mass of the RHN goes close to $M_{W^\prime}$, the BR of the $N_R\ell$ mode falls due to phase space reduction.

\begin{figure*}
\captionsetup[subfigure]{labelformat=empty}
\subfloat[(a)]{\includegraphics[width=0.325\textwidth]{y11_mr_ISS}\label{fig:mr1}}\hfill
\subfloat[(b)]{\includegraphics[width=0.325\textwidth]{y22_mr_ISS}\label{fig:mr2}}\hfill
\subfloat[(c)]{\includegraphics[width=0.325\textwidth]{y33_mr_ISS}\label{fig:mr3}}\\
\subfloat[(d)]{\includegraphics[width=0.325\textwidth]{y11_mu_ISS}\label{fig:mu1}}\hfill
\subfloat[(e)]{\includegraphics[width=0.325\textwidth]{y22_mu_ISS}\label{fig:mu2}}\hfill
\subfloat[(f)]{\includegraphics[width=0.325\textwidth]{y33_mu_ISS}\label{fig:mu3}}
\caption{The Yukawa couplings versus RHN mass (top row) and the lepton number violating scale $\mu$ (bottom row) in the inverse seesaw scheme}\label{fig:iss_yuk}
\end{figure*}

\subsection{Inverse seesaw mechanism}
\label{sec:ISS}
\noindent
In the original ISM, three TeV-scale RHNs and three extra singlet neutral fermions $S_{L}^i$ (where $i\in \{1,2,3\}$) are added to the three active neutrinos $\nu_{L}^i$. The tiny neutrino masses are generated from the mixing between the $N_{R}^i$ and $S_{L}^i$ states:
\begin{equation}\label{ISS_Lag}
\mathcal{L} = Y \,\overline{L}_L \,\widetilde{H} \,N_{R} + M_{R} \,\overline{(N_{R})^{c}} \,S_{L}^c + \frac{1}{2} \mu \bar{S_{L}} (S_L)^c + {\rm h.c.},
\end{equation}
where $\widetilde{H} = i \sigma_2 H^*$, the superscript `$c$' denotes charge conjugation, and we have suppressed the generation index.

In the left-right symmetric realisation of the ISM,
the lepton masses are generated via a Yukawa Lagrangian,
\begin{align}
\mathcal{L}_{Y} =& - Y \bar{L}_R \Phi^\dagger L_L -\tilde{Y}\bar{L}_R \tilde{\Phi}^\dagger L_L - Y_1 \bar{S} \tilde{\chi}_L^\dagger L_L - Y_1 \bar{S}^c \tilde{\chi}_R^\dagger L_R \nn\\
&- \frac{1}{2} \mu \bar{S}^c S + {\rm h.c.},
\label{ISS_LR_Lag}
\end{align}
where $Y, \tilde{Y}, Y_1$ are the $3\times 3$ Yukawa couplings and $\mu$ is the $3\times 3$ Majorana mass matrix. In the above Lagrangian, $\tilde{\chi}$ and $\tilde{\Phi}$ represent the charge conjugated fields.
The complete mass matrix  in the basis $( \nu_L, N_R^c, S^c)$ obtained from Eq.~\eqref{ISS_LR_Lag} reads as
\begin{equation}
M_\nu= \begin{pmatrix}\label{ISS_matrix}
0 && m^T_D && m'^T_D \\
m_D^T && 0 && M^T_R \\
m'_D && M_R && \mu \\
\end{pmatrix},
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}
m_D &= \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \Big(Y \langle\phi_1^0\rangle + \tilde{Y} \langle\phi_2^0\rangle \Big), & m'_D = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}Y_L \langle\chi_L^0\rangle, \\
M_R &= \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}Y_R \langle\chi_R^0\rangle. \nonumber
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
The light-neutrino mass can be found by a block diagonalisation of the mass matrix in the limit $\langle \phi_1^0 \rangle \gg \langle \phi_2^0 \rangle$ as,
\begin{equation}
m_\nu \sim \frac{\langle \chi_L^0 \rangle}{\langle \chi_R^0 \rangle}\Big( m_D + m_D^T \Big) - m_D (M_R^T)^{-1}\mu M_R^{-1}m_D^T \ .
\end{equation}
The first term is the linear seesaw contribution and a consequence of the left-right symmetry. The experimentally observed neutrino mass squared differences and mixing angles predict this term to be subdominant, $\langle \chi_L^0 \rangle/\langle \chi_R^0 \rangle \lesssim 10^{-12}$. Even if $\chi_L^0$ is generated radiatively at one loop, it remains small and satisfies the above condition for $\mu \sim \mathcal{O}(1)$ keV and $ \langle\chi_R \rangle \sim 10^4$ GeV~\cite{Brdar:2018sbk}.

The novelty of the ISM with a TeV scale RHN lies in the double suppression by the mass scale associated with the mass scale $M$.
To have a sub-eV neutrino mass scale with $m_D$ at the electroweak scale, one should have $M$ at the TeV scale and $\mu$ at the  keV scale. The tiny $\mu$ ensures the  neutrino mass to be small. As $\mu \rightarrow 0$, the lepton number symmetry is restored leading to $m_\nu \rightarrow 0$.
The neutrino Yukawa couplings can be obtained using the extended Casas-Ibarra formalism derived in \cite{Dolan:2018qpy}, based on the original formalism~\cite{Casas:2001sr},
\begin{equation}\label{eq:CI}
Y_{\nu} = \frac{1}{v} \,U \,m_{\n}^{1/2} \,R \, \mu^{-1/2}\,M_{R}^T\,,
\end{equation}
with the matrices $m_\n = \text{diag}(m_1,m_2,m_3)$ and $M_R = \text{diag}(M_{R_1},M_{R_2},M_{R_3})$, carrying the light-neutrino mass eigenvalues and the heavy Majorana neutrino masses, respectively. Here, $R$ is a complex orthogonal matrix in general and $U$ is the Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata matrix characterising the mixing among leptons\footnote{For some recent implications of this kind of formalism, readers may see Refs.~\cite{Mukherjee:2021hed,Konar:2020wvl,Konar:2020vuu}.}.

We numerically evaluate the Yukawa couplings using Eq.~\eqref{eq:CI}. We use the best-fit central values of all the oscillation parameters tabulated in \cite{deSalas:2020pgw}. A flavour symmetric realisation of such a model based on the left-right symmetry would restrict the neutrino oscillation parameters~\cite{Mukherjee:2015axj,Mukherjee:2017pzq}. We follow \cite{Casas:2001sr} for the parametrisation of the rotational matrix ($R$). In general, $R$ can take any complex value for the mixing angles. However, we assume that the three angles in the rotational matrix are real for simplicity and choose them as $x= \pi/3$, $y= \pi/4$, and $z= \pi/5$ for a benchmark set of values. There is, however, nothing special about this particular set of values as our phenomenological analysis is mostly insensitive to the choice of these parameters.

In Fig.~\ref{fig:iss_yuk}, we show the dependence of the Yukawa couplings on the heavy RHN mass scale $M_R$ (top row) and the lepton number violating scale $\mu$ (bottom row). We see  that the Yukawa couplings increase with $M_R$ and decrease with $\mu$ from this figure [and also Eq.~\eqref{eq:CI}]. The order of magnitude of $\mu$ has a very crucial role in determining the degree of degeneracy among the RHN mass eigenstates obtained in the ISM. The keV-scale $\mu$ also plays an important role in resonant leptogenesis~\cite{Blanchet:2010kw}.

The BRs of the two-body decay modes of the RHNs, namely, $W^\pm\ell$, $Z\nu$ and $H\nu$, are determined by the Yukawa couplings shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:iss_yuk}. There is also a three-body decay mode of $N_R$ through an off-shell $W^\prime$ present in LRSM. As explained before, the three-body decay is the dominant mode in the standard type-I seesaw where the Yukawa couplings controlling the two-body decays are very small. In this case, the KS process becomes important. With the ISM, the Yukawa couplings become large and hence, the two-body decays of $N_R$ through on-shell $W^\prime$ take over the three-body decays. Usually, the BRs of $N_R$ to $W\ell$, $Z\nu$ and $H\nu$ are in the proportion $2:1:1$  when the mass of $N_R$ is sufficiently above the kinematic threshold of these decays. In our analysis, we have taken the BRs of $N_R$ in that proportion. The pair production of RHNs through an $s$-channel $Z'$ is also possible in our model (some discussion on the prospects of that channel can be found in \cite{Das:2017flq,Das:2017deo,Choudhury:2020cpm,Deka:2021koh} in the context of $U(1)$ extended models). This will be discussed in an upcoming paper in a general context. Our signal is actually insensitive to the actual values of the Yukawa couplings. This can be probed with high-precision in an electron-positron collider~\cite{Banerjee:2015gca}.

\section{Signal topology and the KS process}
\label{sec:compKS}
\begin{figure*}[!t]
\captionsetup[subfigure]{labelformat=empty}
\subfloat[(a)]{\includegraphics[height=6.5cm,width=8.5cm]{pt1}\label{fig:1stelpt}}\quad
\subfloat[(b)]{\includegraphics[height=6.5cm,width=8.5cm]{pt2}\label{fig:2ndelpt}}\\
\subfloat[(c)]{\includegraphics[height=6.5cm,width=8.5cm]{ptj}\label{fig:1stjtpt}}\quad
\subfloat[(d)]{\includegraphics[height=6.5cm,width=8.5cm]{deltaR}\label{fig:dlRe2j1}}
\caption{Comparison of various kinematic distributions of the KS process and our signal. These distributions are obtained for $M_{W'}=3$~TeV and $M_{N_R}=1$~TeV benchmark masses with $g_R=0.1$.}\label{fig:dist}
\end{figure*}

\noindent
The KS process gives rise to the $\ell\ell jj$ final state.  This process is well known and has been searched for by both the ATLAS and CMS collaborations (see, e.g.,~\cite{ATLAS:2018dcj,CMS:2021qef}). When $M_{W^\prime} < M_{N_R}$, the process is kinematically suppressed and hence, difficult to probe. The $M_{W^\prime} \gtrsim M_{N_R}$ region is accessible and can be further categorised into two kinematic regions -- resolved and merged~\cite{Nemevsek:2018bbt}:

\begin{enumerate}

    \item[(a)] When the RHN is not much lighter than $W^\prime$, i.e.,  $0.1\, M_{W^\prime}\lesssim M_{N_R} < M_{W^\prime}$, the two jets from the $W^{\prime*}$ decay can be resolved. This leads to two isolated leptons and at least two high $p_T$ jets. This process is fully reconstructible: the $jj$ system along with one lepton can be used to reconstruct the $N_R$. The invariant mass of the $\ell\ell j j$ system forms a peak around $W'$ mass.

    \item[(b)] In the merged topology,  $M_{N_R} \lesssim 0.1\, M_{W^\prime}$. Here, the RHN will be produced with a large boost in the transverse plane. Therefore, the decay of the RHN (i.e. $N_R\to \ell W^{\prime*}\to \ell jj$) will be highly collimated and produce a fatjet that can be used for reconstructing the $N_R$ wholly or at least, partially. This will give rise to one lepton and a $N_R$-jet ($J_{N_R}$). If the RHN is long-lived, it will lead to a displaced vertex signature, i.e. its decay length roughly would lie in the range $\lt[10^{-3}-1\rt]$ m. In this case the merged $J_{N_R}$ appears at a distance visibly away from the primary vertex. If $N_R$ decays outside the detector, it produces the invisible signature.

\end{enumerate}

For our study, we also consider the $M_{W^\prime} > M_{N_R}$ kinematic region but, in our case, the RHN decays through an on-shell $W$ boson  [Fig.~\ref{fig:Signal}].
More specifically, a $W^\prime$ boson, produced from the $pp$ collision, decays into a $\m^-$ or a $\m^+$ and the second generation RHN, $N^2_R$ (we choose the second generation because muons have better identification efficiency at the LHC than  electrons and taus.) Since we assume the other RHNs, i.e., $N^1_R$ and $N^3_R$, are heavier than $W^\prime$, it cannot decay to these RHNs.  The Majorana nature of $N_R^2$ allows it to decay into a $\m^-$ and a $W^+$ or a $\m^+$ and a $W^-$ with equal probability. The $W$ boson then decay hadronically to two jets.
Thus the final state particles include two leptons (either same-sign, signalling a violation of lepton number, or different-sign) and two jets (or a $W_h$). That the kinematics of this process is different from that of the KS process can be seen in the distributions shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:dist}. Therefore, it demands a different treatment.

\section{Existing $W^\prime$ searches and bounds}
\label{sec:exclu}

\noindent
We briefly review here the recent LHC direct search limits on $W^\prime$. In experimental searches, decays of $W^\prime$ to different fermionic modes ($\ell\nu$, $jj$, $tb$ and $N\ell$) and diboson modes ($WZ$ and $WH$) are considered, in our model, the $W\leftrightarrow W^\prime$ mixing suppresses the $W'\to \ell\nu,WZ,WH$ mode whereas the other decay modes, controlled by $g_R$, are not mixing angle suppressed.
\medskip

\noindent
\textbf{Searches for the KS process:} Recently, the CMS collaboration has performed a search for the KS process  in the final states containing a pair of same-flavour charged leptons ($e$ or $\m$, with the same or opposite electric charges) and two jets~\cite{CMS:2021qef} at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV with $137$ fb$^{-1}$ integrated luminosity. Assuming $g_L = g_R$, the search excludes $W'$ with mass up to $\sim 5$~TeV  with $95$\% confidence level (CL). Earlier, the ATLAS collaboration has searched for the resolved~\cite{ATLAS:2018dcj} and merged~\cite{ATLAS:2019isd} topologies and obtained similar exclusion limits. Ref~\cite{CMS:2018iye} puts a lower limit of $3.5$ TeV on the mass of $W^\prime$ (assuming the mass of the third-generation RHN to be the half of $M_{W^\prime}$) from the search for the KS process in the $\tau\tau jj$ final state. (A slightly different process where the $W'$'s in the KS process are replaced by $W$'s is considered in~\cite{CMS:2018jxx}. This process is sensitive to the Yukawa couplings involved in the $N_R\to \ell W$ decay. The same process can also lead to displaced vertex signature if the decay width of $N_R$ is small~\cite{ATLAS:2019kpx,CMS:2021lzm}.)
\medskip

\noindent
\textbf{Searches for a dijet resonance:} Both ATLAS and CMS have searched for a $jj$ resonance~\cite{Aad:2019hjw,Sirunyan:2019vgj} at the $13$ TeV LHC with $139$ and $137$ fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosities, respectively. The ATLAS search rules out
a sequential $W'$ with  $M_{W^\prime}\lesssim 4$ TeV and the CMS study rules out $M_{W^\prime}\lesssim 3.6$ TeV.
 We have recast the observed limits from these two searches to obtain bounds on $g_R$,  as shown in Figs.~\ref{fig:ATLASexclu} and~\ref{fig:CMSexclu}. In the ATLAS search recast, we have appropriately factored in the variation of detector acceptance ($A$) with $M_{W^\prime}$. However, we have assumed a flat $A=0.5$ for the CMS search recast.
\medskip

\noindent
\textbf{Searches for a $tb$ resonance:}
The ATLAS collaboration has presented a combined exclusion limit for the $W^\prime$ decaying through the $tb$ final state, with hadronic~\cite{ATLAS:2018uca} and leptonic~\cite{ATLAS:2018wmg} top decays  with $36.1$ fb$^{-1}$ integrated luminosity at the $13$ TeV LHC.  For a sequential $W'$ model, $M_{W'}\lesssim 3.15$ TeV has been ruled out at $95$\% CL. The CMS collaboration also has performed the search
for a $W^\prime$ decaying into a $tb$ pair, in the all-hadronic mode using the $13$ TeV LHC data with $137$ fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity~\cite{Sirunyan:2021sbg}.  The CMS search excludes the $W^\prime$ masses below $3.4$ TeV. We recast these limits as well [see Figs.~\ref{fig:ATLASexclu} and~\ref{fig:CMSexclu}].

\begin{table}[t]
\centering{
\begin{tabular}{lcc}
\hline
Experiment                                      & Luminosity (fb$^{-1}$)& Observed limit (TeV)\\ \hline
ATLAS dijet~\cite{Aad:2019hjw}                 &$139$& $3.80$ \\
CMS dijet~\cite{Sirunyan:2019vgj}              &$137$& $3.60$ \\
ATLAS $tb$~\cite{ATLAS:2018wmg}                &$36.1$& $3.45$ \\
CMS $tb$~\cite{Sirunyan:2021sbg}               &$137$& $3.50$  \\\hline
\end{tabular}}\label{tab:limits}
\caption{Summary of the $95\%$ CL exclusion limits on $W^\prime$ obtained from recasting the LHC experiments (assuming only one RHN decay mode of $W'$ is open).}
\end{table}

We summarise the dijet and $tb$ resonance limits obtained after recasting the searches, under the assumption that only one RHN decay mode is open, in Table~\ref{tab:limits}.
\medskip

\noindent
\textbf{Other searches:}
There are other searches for $W^\prime$ in various decay channels. For example, the charged lepton + missing transverse energy channel \cite{Aad:2019wvl,CMS:2021pmn,Aaboud:2018vgh,CMS:2018fza} the $WH$ channel \cite{ATLAS:2021pqe,ATLAS:2020qiz,CMS:2021lyi,CMS:2019qem}, the $WZ$ channel \cite{ATLAS:2019nat,ATLAS:2020fry,CMS:2021lyi,CMS:2019qem}, etc. However, all these decays occur through  $W$-$W^\prime$ mixing which is small in the LRSM. Hence, these searches do not constrain the parameter space of our model.

In principle, as demonstrated in Refs.~\cite{Mandal:2015vfa,Mandal:2016csb,Mandal:2018kau,Bhaskar:2021pml}, one can also recast other searches in the $\ell\ell j j$ channel (e.g., the leptoquark searches) to obtain bounds. Here, however, we ignore such bounds on $W^\prime$, as such limits are expected to be weaker than the direct ones.

\begin{figure*}
\centering
\captionsetup[subfigure]{labelformat=empty}
\subfloat[(a)]{\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{ATLASexc}\label{fig:ATLASexclu}}\hspace{1cm}
\subfloat[(b)]{\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{CMSexc}\label{fig:CMSexclu}}\\
\caption{Exclusion regions in the $M_{W'}$-$g_R$ plane obtained by recasting the dijet and $tb$ resonance search results by ATLAS and CMS.}\label{fig:brazil}
\end{figure*}

\section{RHN decays through a $W$ boson}
\label{sec:lhcpheno}
\noindent
We implement the Lagrangian terms relevant for the productions and decays of $W'$ and $N_R$ in \textsc{FeynRules}~\cite{Alloul:2013bka}, and obtain the UFO~\cite{Degrande:2011ua} model files. We use the \textsc{NNPDF2.3} parton distribution functions (PDFs) to generate signal and the SM background events in \textsc{MadGraph5}~\cite{Alwall:2014hca}. The generated events are passed through \textsc{Pythia8}~\cite{Sjostrand:2014zea} for showering and hadronisation to \textsc{Delphes}~\cite{deFavereau:2013fsa} for detector simulation. We use the anti-$k_t$ jet clustering algorithm~\cite{Cacciari:2008gp} in \textsc{FastJet}~\cite{Cacciari:2011ma} to cluster jets from the tower objects. We use two types of jets in our analysis, namely, AK4-jets with jet radius parameter $R=0.4$ and AK8-fatjets with $R=0.8$~\cite{Bhaskar:2021gsy}. In this paper, we use the symbol `$j$' for AK4-jets and `$J$' for AK8-fatjets. We tag $b$-jets from the AK4-jets.

The process of our interest is given as
\begin{equation}
    pp\to (W^\prime)^{\pm} \to N_R \ell^{\pm} \to (W_h^{\pm}\ell^{\mp})\ell^{\pm}
\end{equation}
where, as mentioned before, $W_h^{\pm}$ denotes a hadronically decaying $W$-boson. Depending on the masses of the $W^\prime$ and $N_R$, the $W_h$ can be sufficiently boosted and form a two-pronged fatjet. We employ jet-substructure
techniques to tag a boosted $W_h$ with high efficiency. Due to the pseudo-Dirac nature of the $N_R$, we only have opposite-sign dilepton accompanied by a boosted $W$-jet in the final state in our case. Leptons originating in the decays of a TeV-scale $W^\prime$ or $N_R$ will also have high transverse momenta ($p_T$). Therefore, the signature our signal would be two high-$p_T$ same flavor opposite-sign leptons and a $W$-like two-pronged fatjet. Since there is no missing energy, our signal channel is fully-reconstructible, in principle.

\begin{figure*}
\captionsetup[subfigure]{labelformat=empty}
\subfloat[(a)]{\includegraphics[height=7cm,width=7.5cm]{MWp_MNR_5sigma}}\hspace{1cm}
\subfloat[(b)]{\includegraphics[height=7cm,width=7.5cm]{MWp_MNR_2sigma}}
\caption{The regions in the $M_{W'}$-$M_{N_R}$ plane that can be (a) discovered with $5\sg$ significance and (b) excluded with $2\sg$ significance at the HL-LHC. The contours are for different $g_R$ values. In the left (right) plot, the regions with same colour can be discovered (excluded) with $5\sg$ ($2\sg$) significance or more.}\label{fig:MWpMNR}
\end{figure*}

\subsection{The background processes}
\noindent
The following SM processes with large cross sections form the relevant background of our signal.
\begin{itemize}
\item $Z+jets$: This process forms the dominant background.
We generate it by simulating the $p p \to Z/\gamma \to \ell\ell$ process matched up to two extra partons. Here, the two high-$p_T$ leptons can arise from the leptonic decays of the $Z$-boson, and the QCD jets can be misidentified as the $W$-like fatjet. Since the invariant mass of the two leptons peaks at the $Z$ mass, this background is controlled by a $Z$-mass veto.

\item $tt+jets$: The SM top pair production can also provide us two high-$p_T$ leptons when both the tops decay leptonically. Additionally, a $W$-like jet can come from the QCD jets. The contribution of this process in the background is significant in our case. We generate the $t\bar t$ events by matching the parton showers (PS) with up to two additional jets.

\item $tW+jets$: The SM $pp \rightarrow tW$ process contains two leptons in the final state when both the top quark and the $W$ boson decay leptonically. This process also contributes significantly to the backgrounds of our signal. In this case as well, the $W$-like jet arises from the QCD jets. We generate this process by jet-PS matching up to two extra jets.

\item $VV+jets$: Here, $V$ denotes a $W$ or a $Z$ boson. There are four types of diboson processes, viz., $W_\ell W_\ell$, $W_h Z_\ell$, $Z_\ell Z_h$ and $Z_\ell H_h$ (the subscripts `$\ell$' and `$h$' represent leptonic and hadronic decay modes) that can act as sources of two high-$p_T$ leptons. In these cases, the $W$-like jet arises from the hadronic decay of a $V$ or QCD jets. Processes containing leptonically decaying $Z$ can be tamed by applying the $Z$-mass veto on the invariant mass of the lepton pair. Among all the diboson processes, the $W_\ell W_\ell$ process contribute maximally. We generate matched event samples (including up to two extra jets) of these processes. The total diboson contribution, however, is negligible after all the cuts.

\item $ttV$: The SM processes producing a top pair and a vector boson can act as backgrounds for our signal. We consider the following four cases, viz., $t_\ell t_\ell Z_h$, $t_ht_hZ_\ell$, $t_\ell t_\ell W_h$ and $t_\ell t_h W_\ell$ depending on the decays of the tops and vector boson. We generate these event samples without adding extra jets in the final state. Just like the diboson background, this background too contributes negligibly to the total background after the cuts.
\end{itemize}

\begin{table}[!t]
\centering{\linespread{2}
\begin{tabular*}{\columnwidth}{l @{\extracolsep{\fill}} crc }
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{l}{Background } & $\sg$ & QCD\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{processes}&(pb)&order\\\hline\hline
$V +$ jets~ \cite{Catani:2009sm,Balossini:2009sa}   & $Z +$ jets  &  $6.33 \times 10^4$& NNLO \\ \hline
$tt$~\cite{Muselli:2015kba}  & $tt +$ jets  & $988.57$ & N$^3$LO\\ \hline
Single $t$~\cite{Kidonakis:2015nna}  & $tW$  &  $83.10$ & N$^2$LO \\  \hline
\multirow{3}{*}{$VV +$ jets~\cite{Campbell:2011bn}}   & $WW +$ jets  & $124.31$& NLO\\
                  & $WZ +$ jets  & $51.82$ & NLO\\
                   & $ZZ +$ jets  &  $17.72$ & NLO\\ \cline{1-4}
\multirow{2}{*}{$ttV$~\cite{Kulesza:2018tqz}} & $ttZ$  &  $1.05$ &NLO+NNLL \\
                   & $ttW$  & $0.65$& NLO+NNLL \\ \hline
\end{tabular*}}
\caption{Total cross sections without any cut for the SM background processes considered in our analysis. The higher-order QCD cross sections are taken from the literature and the corresponding orders are shown in the last column. We use these cross sections to compute the $K$ factors which we multiply with the LO cross sections to include higher-order effects.}
\label{tab:BGxsec}
\end{table}

We generate all the background processes discussed above at the leading order with \texttt{MadGraph5}. The relevant background processes and their cross sections (at the highest order in QCD available in the literature) are listed in Table~\ref{tab:BGxsec}. From the cross sections, we compute the $K$-factors to incorporate the higher-order effects in our analysis. Before cuts, some of the background processes are large. But, since our signal belongs to a specific region of the phase space, we generate all the background processes with some strong generation level cuts to save computation time. Technically this might lead to a small bias in the event samples. We, however, we ignore it for simplicity. The generation level cuts which we use are:
\begin{itemize}
    \item Transverse momentum $(p_T)$ on the leptons: $p_T(\ell_1)$, $p_T(\ell_2) > 100$~GeV.
    \item Invariant mass of the lepton pair $M(\ell_1,\ell_2) > 120$~GeV.
\end{itemize}
The leptons are ordered according to their $p_T$. The cut on  $M(\ell_1,\ell_2)$ is applied to reduce the background involving $Z\to\ell\ell$ decay (the $Z$-mass veto).

\subsection{Signal selection}
\noindent
For the final selection, we have divided the signal into low mass ($M_{W^\prime}<3$~TeV) and high mass ($M_{W^\prime}>3$~TeV) regions. As explained before, we demand two opposite-sign same flavour leptons and at least one $W$-like AK8-fatjet. The following selection cuts have been used for the two regions.\\

\noindent
\underline{Low mass region ($M_{W^\prime}<3$~TeV):}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Transverse momentum on leptons, $p_T(\ell_1) > 300$~GeV, $p_T(\ell_2) > 100$~GeV.
\item Invariant mass of the lepton pair, $M(\ell_1,\ell_2) > 200$~GeV.
\item Scalar sum of $p_T$ of all visible objects, $S_T > 0.6\times M_{W^\prime}$.
\item Missing transverse energy, $\slashed{E}_T < 100$~GeV.
\item Mass of the leading AK8-fatjet, $|M(J_1) - M_W| < 20$~GeV.
\item $N$-subjettiness ratio of the leading AK8-fatjet, $\tau_{21}(J_1) < 0.35$.
\item Invariant mass on the leading AK8-fatjet and dilepton system, $|M(J_1,\ell_1,\ell_2) - M_{W^\prime}| < 200$~GeV.
\end{enumerate}
\medskip

\noindent
\underline{High mass Region ($M_{W^\prime}>3$~TeV):}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Cut-1 and cut-2 of the low mass region.
\item Scalar sum of the transverse $p_T$ of all visible objects, $S_T > 1500$~GeV
\item Invariant mass on the leading fatjet and dilepton system $M(J_1,\ell_1,\ell_2) > 0.8\times M_{W^\prime}$ (for $M_W^\prime < 5.5$~TeV) and $M(J_1,\ell_1,\ell_2) >  4400$~GeV (for $M_W^\prime \geq 5.5$~TeV)
\end{enumerate}

\subsection{Signal significance}
\noindent
After applying the above cuts, let the number of surviving signal and background events at a given luminosity be denoted by $N_S$ and $N_B$, respectively. From these, one can get an estimation of the statistical significance of the signal from the formula below:
\begin{equation}
\mc{Z} = \sqrt{2(N_S+N_B)\ln\lt(\dfrac{N_S+N_B}{N_B}\rt) - 2N_S}.
\end{equation}
We estimate $\mc{Z}$ for the HL-LHC, i.e., for $3$~ab$^{-1}$ integrated luminosity and $\sqrt{s}=14$~TeV. Fig.~\ref{fig:MWpMNR} shows the projected discovery  ($5\sg$ significance) and $2\sg$ exclusion regions in the $M_{W'}$-$M_{N_R}$ plane. Our signal process mainly depends on three model parameters.
Among them, $M_{W'}$ and $M_{N_R}$ are kinematic in nature, i.e., they can affect the signal distributions. The free gauge coupling $g_R$, on the other hand, is non-kinematic and only scales the distributions (this is true as long as the narrow-width approximation is valid. Large width can affect various distributions and can potentially change the reach. However, we ignore the large width effects for simplicity).
In Fig.~\ref{fig:MWpMNR}, the contours correspond to fixed $g_R$ values to achieve $5\sg$ discovery significance, i.e., a region with a particular colour will have signal significance $5\sg$ or more for the corresponding value of $g_R$. There are two special regions in the plot where the sensitivity is low -- one with $M_{N_R} \lesssim M_{W'}$ where the BR($W'\to N_R\ell$) is phase-space suppressed. It can be checked from Fig.~\ref{fig:BRWpNR}. The other region is where $M_{N_R}\lesssim 0.1\times M_{W'}$. This is the merged region for which a different analysis strategy is required~\cite{Mitra:2016kov}.

\section{Summary and conclusions}
\label{sec:sumcon}
\noindent
In this paper, we have studied a hitherto experimentally unexplored signature of the left-right symmetric models with the inverse seesaw mechanism for neutrino mass generation. In particular, we have considered a channel where sequential decays of two TeV-scale new particles, a heavy charged gauge boson, $W'$ and a pseudo-Dirac right-handed neutrino, $N_R$, lead to a final state with two high-$p_T$ same-flavour-opposite-sign leptons and a $W$-like fatjet.

A similar process involving a $W'$ and a Majorana $N_R$, known as the Keung-Senjanovi\'{c} process, has been already searched for at the LHC as a test of lepton number violation. The final state of the KS process is a same-sign lepton pair and a pair of jets. It originates from Drell-Yan production of a $W'$. The $W^\prime$ first decays to a $N_R\ell$ pair, and then the $N_R$ undergoes through a three-body decay, $N_R\to \ell jj$ via an off-shell $W'$. If the RHN is completely Majorana type, both the same-sign and opposite-sign dilepton final states will be present with equal strength, but if it is pseudo-Dirac type, the same-sign dilepton final state will be (almost) absent.
There is a possibility of two-body decays of $N_R\to \ell W\to \ell jj$ that gives the same $\ell\ell jj$ final state but through an on-shell $W$. However, in the standard type-I seesaw mechanism with TeV-scale RHNs, the partial widths of the two-body decay modes of $N_R$ are negligible due to the small Yukawa couplings involved in the decays. In the LRSM, a three-body decay of $N_R$ through off-shell $W'$ opens up, which, despite the phase space suppression, can overcome the two-body decays to become the dominant decay mode of $N_R$. This leads to the KS process but at the expense of small Yukawa couplings required in the type-I seesaw mechanism to have a TeV-scale $N_R$ in the spectrum.

We invoke the inverse seesaw mechanism to have a natural TeV-scale $N_R$ with order one Yukawa couplings controlling the two-body decays. Consequently, the two-body decay BRs overcome the three-body one when the $N_R$ is embedded in the LRSM. In this setup, we lose the clean same-sign signature of the KS process, but a similar opposite-sign dilepton signature arises whose kinematic nature is very different from the KS process. In association with the lepton pair, we also have a pair of jets similar to the KS process in the final state. However, two jets are collimated in our process as they come from the decay of a boosted $W$ boson. Therefore, our final state contains two same-flavour-opposite-sign leptons and a $W$-like fatjet. We design a set of selection cuts using the jet-substructure variables to observe the signal over the large background with a significance of more than $5\sg$ at the HL-LHC. We have found that a $W'$ with $g_R\approx g_L$ and mass up to $\sim 6$~TeV can be discovered at the HL-LHC through this channel.

\begin{acknowledgments}
\noindent
A.M. acknowledges financial support from SERB-DST, Govt. of India through the project EMR/2017/001434. M.T.A. acknowledges financial support of DST through INSPIRE Faculty grant.
\end{acknowledgments}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Crafts, Planner Stickers, Planners, Beauty Products and more!
I was first introduced to Crafty Charly on the Facebook group – UK Planner Addicts. Crafty Charly sells all different planner related accessories from clips to charms and even bracelets and necklaces! This Etsy shop is based in the United Kingdom and run by Charly.
Kittie Kat Co Etsy Shop!
Kittie Kat Co was one of the very first Etsy sticker shops I ever shopped with back in October 2016. I've been a fan of the shop ever since! The Etsy shop is owned by a lovely lady Katherine (Kat for short) and supplies an array of functional, colourful stickers for many different planners. This Etsy shop is based in the United Kingdom and opened in June 2016.


text:
Bardahl Special: A '48 Harley bobber from Switzerland
Where is the line between meticulous and just plain nuts? Because we're sure Albert 'Ash' Aeschlimann crossed it at some point during this astounding build. What started out as a simple '48 Panhead frame turned into a seven-year project—with hardly any of the original bike remaining.
Doing things 'the right way' is an essential part of Ash's day job. He's a technician at a major science museum in Switzerland, and before that, he studied architecture and worked as a carpenter. After hours, he makes magic in his workshop under the Ash Kustoms banner.
Photographer Marc Schneider tells us that Ash's obsession began at 20, when he got into vintage Vespas. Then he saw the Indian Larry versus Billy Lane episode of The Great Biker Build Off, and was instantly hooked on custom motorcycles.
These days he draws inspiration from Japanese builders like ACE Motorcycles and Heiwa. He's self-taught, and handles most tasks himself—outsourcing only specialist stuff like upholstery, paint and casting.
This project started off as a total basket case spread over multiple boxes. The more he tore into it, the more Ash realized that many of the parts were beyond repair, or not worth using.
During the build, Ash decided to build himself a new workshop. That ended up taking three years—and by the time he was done, his ideas about custom bike building had shifted. So he binned a whole whack of custom parts he'd already fabricated for his Pan, and started over.
The original 48 Panhead wishbone frame is one of the very few original parts now left. Wedged inside it is a 93 ci S&S Knucklehead motor, mated to a six-into-four transmission from Baker.
But even though both the engine and gearbox were new, Ash just couldn't leave them alone. He's replaced all the Allen head fasteners with hex or slotted numbers, for a more retro vibe.
Then he de-chromed all the shiny bits, matt-finished the polished aluminum bits, and reworked the S&S billet oil pump to look like a cast part. (The motor got a Morris Magneto ignition too.)
The S&S motor is sporting some slick detail work. Ash designed a venturi-style brass insert for the intake, then had a jewelry maker cast it in brass. And the kickstart has been modified with a pedal from an old Swiss military bicycle—Ash machined a new stainless steel axle for it, and replaced the rubbers with knurled aluminum parts.
The Panhead now rolls on custom wheels, built up from 18F/16R Akront rims by Special Wheel Company in Ditzingen. With a 36-spoke hub up front and a 40-spoke hub out back, finding a matching pair of rims was quite a job.
The rear hub is a Harley part with a hand-made cover. But at the front, Ash needed a big brake to cope with steep Swiss hills. So he's used a repro Honda RC-162 system, with a hand-made air intake. According to Special Wheel Company, it's the biggest drum brake hub they could fit to the 18" wheel.
All of the Panhead's bodywork is custom, hand-shaped by Ash in his workshop. The oil tank's particularly neat—Ash took inspiration from old hot rods, and decided to cast it out of aluminum himself.
So he built a wood form, sand cast it in two parts, and welded it up. It wasn't quite perfect, so he then painstakingly filled in any pores with his TIG welder.
Almost everything else on the Harley is custom or modified. The front brake lever's an original Panhead fitment modified for two-cable operation. The foot controls and their linkages were all made from scratch, and even the floorboards are one-offs.
And what you can't see, is that every pivot point has a brass bushing and washer.
The handlebars are custom-made, and incorporate the light and horn switches—the latter taken from a classic Vespa. The speedo's an old Smith Chronometric unit, and measures the speed at the secondary chain via an old Ford speedo cable. (Ash set it up like this purely so he could tuck the cable away).
There's also a Smith oil gauge, with a modified dial to match the speedo.
The bike's kill switch is from a B-17 Flying Fortress heavy bomber, and sits on top of the fuel tank. Ash used it as a homage to early bobber culture—when GIs returning from World War II started modding and racing motorcycles.
A lot of Ash's inspiration comes from airplanes and old race cars. In this case, it was the 'Bardahl Special' Indy 500 racecars from the late 40s. So he sought to replicate the deep, glass-like paint job sported by machines from that era.
It took ten coats of black nitrocellulose lacquer to do the trick. Ash gave the job to the only company in Switzerland still allowed to use that type of paint: the Italian vintage car specialist Autolackiererei René Sahli.
Other nods to the original Bardahl Specials include the gold rims, white exhausts, and the custom-made oil catch can.
The saddle upholstery is just as exquisite as the livery. It has a hole in the center for quick access to the oil tank, which almost gave upholsterer Rene Wenger a heart attack.
There are probably hundreds of details that we've missed—like the cloth-wrapped electrical cabling, the safety wiring, and the subtle drillium.
But whether you're far away or up close, Ash's Panhead is a stunner like no other.
Ash Kustoms | Instagram | Images by Marc Schneider
Filed Under Custom Motorcycles TAGGED Bobber motorcycles, Harley bobbers, Harley-Davidson, Panhead |
Fighting Talk: Harley design boss Brad Richards
Pure and simple: A Bonneville T120 from Central Java


text:
namespace csapex_sample_consensus
{
namespace models
{
template <typename PointT, typename NormalT>
class NormalPlane : public ModelFromNormals<PointT, NormalT>
{
public:
    using PointCloud = pcl::PointCloud<PointT>;
    using NormalCloud = pcl::PointCloud<NormalT>;
    using Base = ModelFromNormals<PointT, NormalT>;

    NormalPlane(const typename PointCloud::ConstPtr& pointcloud, const typename NormalCloud::ConstPtr& normalcloud, const float normal_distance_weight = 0.f);

    typename Base::Ptr clone() const override;

    bool isValid() const override;

    bool optimizeModelCoefficients(const float maximum_distance) override;

    bool optimizeModelCoefficients(const std::vector<int>& src_indices, const float maximum_distance) override;

    bool validateSamples(const std::vector<int>& indices) const override;

    bool validateSamples(const std::set<int>& indices) const override;

    std::size_t getModelDimension() const override;

    double getDistanceToModel(const int& index) const override;

    void getDistancesToModel(const std::vector<int>& indices, std::vector<float>& distances) const override;

protected:
    bool doComputeModelCoefficients(const std::vector<int>& indices) override;
    inline float dot(const PointT& p) const;
};
}  // namespace models
}  // namespace csapex_sample_consensus

#endif  // SAC_MODEL_NORMAL_PLANE_H

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: matlab: how to fill one side of the plot with one color, the remainder with another Inspired by the old age of empires (picture from here), I would like to create a plot with that splits the pane into two colors at the plotted line. How can this be achieved?
Code:
separator=randi(100,1,20);
figure; hold on; plot(separator);
%below the separator it should be blue, above red

A: Thank you to @Wolfie who helped me figure it out
y_max = 100;
separator=randi(y_max,1,20);
figure; hold on; area([separator;y_max-separator]');

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


How Should You Choose a Cordless Steam Mop?
Are you exhausted trying to clean the stains that you see on the floor every day? A cordless steam mop can eliminate those stains, with a fraction of the effort. A cordless steam mop is a battery-powered device that prevents you from tripping over any cables. Today's market is filled with various types of cordless steam mops that users find to be extremely useful. Here is a guide that we have compiled based on thousands of cordless steam mops reviews that will help you buy the best cordless steam mop on the market.
Can it clean up spills? The best cordless steam mops, such as the O-cedar Microfiber and Sharp steam pocket mop, allow you to easily clean up spills. These devices act like vacuum cleaners as well as a steam mop. Also, the steam levels can be adjusted depending on the size of the spill.
Can steam mops clean carpets? Products like Easy and Shark light steam mops come with microfiber pads that can lift and eradicate debris from carpets. If you have a carpet, it is worthwhile to buy a steam mop with this feature as well.
Telescopic wand –Cleaning the floors need not be tiresome anymore, as now you can choose from various types of cordless steam mops that come with a telescopic wand. With this feature, you don't need to bend over while cleaning--the wand can be fixed according to your height.
Other features: Power cords, a water tank, and a set of brushes are other features that you should look for when you buy a cordless steam mop.


text:
You are here: Home / *Articles of the Bound* / Coleman Young: the Communist Who Destroyed Detroit
Coleman Young: the Communist Who Destroyed Detroit
July 23, 2013, 10:23 am by Trevor Loudon 9 Comments
If one man could be blamed most for the destruction of Detroit, it would be Coleman Young.
Mayor from 1974 to 1993, Young set a city already in decline on the pathway to the disaster area it is today.
Coleman Young had a well-deserved reputation for corruption, but few today understand his communism.
It is important to know that it was a combination of crony capitalism and communism that destroyed Detroit, because that is exactly the formula being employed by Young's spiritual heir, Barack Obama, from the White House today.
Born in 1918, Young found communism as a young man. In the 1930s, he found an apprentice electrician program sponsored by Ford Motor Company. There, he became an underground union organizer and "civil rights" activist until he was drafted into the Army in 1942.
Young served as a bombardier and navigator with the famous Tuskegee Airmen. Toward the end of the war, Young and about 100 other African-American men were arrested for demanding service at a segregated officers' club in Indiana. Young managed to get word to the Black press. Within days, he was released and the Army began the process of integrating the club.
Another black Communist Party supporter also served in the unit, Percy Sutton, a future Manhattan borough president. He would later go on to mentor and employ a young radical named Eric Holder, and write a letter of recommendation to get a young Barack Obama into Harvard.
After the war, Young returned to Detroit, where he became a union organizer. But he lost his job when the head of the United Auto Workers Union "took a dislike to the commotion created by Young and other Black dissidents." There may have been more to this, as during that period the UAW was being run by socialists, who were trying to oust their rival communists from the union.
Young took his first political job working for Progressive Party 1948 presidential candidate, Henry A. Wallace. The Progressive party was controlled, lock, stock and barrel, by the Communist Party.
In 1949, Young worked with fellow Progressive Party leader, Stanley Nowak, in supporting Ford factory strikers, as this clipping from the Communist Party's Peoples world proves.
In 1966, Novak turned up as a sponsor of the Herbert Aptheker Testimonial Dinner. The dinner was held on the occasion of Communist Party theoretician Herbert Aptheker's 50th birthday.
The National Negro Labor Council (1950-56), was a Communist Party front for black workers and labor officials.
Key leaders of the Council included Coleman Young (national executive secretary), Charles Hayes (Chicago leader, identified communist and later a Democratic Congressman), Cleveland Robinson, George Crockett and Erma Henderson from Detroit.
Cleveland Robinson would later become a member of the Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee and a founder, with Charles Hayes, of the Communist Party created Coalition of Black Trade Unionists – an organization greatly loved by many modern Black leaders including Mississippi's communist connected Congressman Bennie Thompson and Barack Obama.
Crockett was a close sympathizer and almost certainly a secret Communist Party member, who went on to become a Democratic Congressman from Michigan.
Erma Henderson would later serve on the Detroit City Council under Coleman Young.
In 1946, Erma Henderson was a Michigan representative to the National Council of American Youth for Democracy – the youth wing of the Communist Party USA. Serving alongside Henderson was a young Chicago journalist named Vernon Jarrett. He in turn, was a close colleague of a Chicago Communist party writer named Frank Marshall Davis – later the Hawaii mentor of a teenage Barack Obama.
Vernon Jarrett's son would later marry the daughter of a Chicago radical educationalist named Barbara Bowman. The brief marriage turned Valerie Bowman into Valerie Jarrett – now Obama's closest friend and most trusted White House adviser.
By 1952, Young's work brought him to the attention of the House Un-American Activities Committee, which was investigating the Communist Party in Michigan. Coleman Young completely refused to answer the committee's questions.
Coleman Young, HUAC hearings. Lawyer George Crockett, right
There is no doubt however that Young was a secret Party member.
In 1988, Howard Johnson — who had been one of the leading communists in Harlem during the Great Depression — told interviewer Kay Takora about his return home from World War II: "I came back into activity in the Communist Party… I at first became county educational director. New York county was the biggest county organization. From '46 to '49. And during that same period, I was assigned to help build a national Negro veterans organization which was called the United Negro and Allied Veterans of America. And that had the backing of the party and I was assigned by the party to work in that along with my duties as educational director of the county organization."
Howard Johnson continued, eventually bringing the conversation to Detroit and to Detroit's mayor, Coleman Young: "When UNAVA was formed, I was elected national vice-commander in charge of education, which fit my training, and the other national vice-commander was Coleman Young, who was national vice-commander in charge of labor.
"Because at that time he was a steward in the auto workers union and [a] very prominent trade unionist in Detroit. Coleman and I were very good friends…. I never anticipated he would be a bourgeois mayor of Detroit. But Coleman's a great guy, nevertheless. But I think that it was his party training that (helped) him to move forward as he did".
In the 1960s, '70s and '80s, the Communist Party's liaison man with Moscow was a secret FBI informant, Morris Childs. On one trip to Moscow, Morris Childs' fellow-delegate, the black communist James Jackson, asked that Coleman Young, a future mayor of Detroit and a secret Party member, be invited to Moscow to study Marxism-Leninism; the Soviets vetoed him as too old.
Democratic Socialists of America member and socialist historian Paul Buhle, wrote in a 1992 article for the Encyclopedia of the American Left:
Communists also gained from long-standing political contacts in the black community. Victories of black mayoral and congressional candidates with decades — old ties to the CP — a short list would include Coleman Young and George Crocket in Detroit, Gus Newport in Berkeley, and somewhat more ambiguously, Harold Washington in Chicago."
It was the 1983 victory of long time Communist Party affiliate Harold Washington that inspired a young Barack Obama to move to the Windy City two years later.
Washington stacked Chicago City Hall full of communists and socialists. Coleman Young did the same in Detroit. He even appointed Communist Party supporter Dave Moore, Director of the city's Senior Citizens Department.
So, it's no surprise to see Barack Obama doing the same thing at 1600 Pennsylvania Ave.
Like Obama though, Coleman Young didn't destroy Detroit alone. He had a whole raft of communist and socialist affiliated Councillors on his team, including Erma Henderson, Ken Cockrel, Sr., Clyde Cleveland and Maryann Mahaffey.
Erma Henderson center, Maryann Mahaffey, fourth from right, Clyde Cleveland, third from right, with a delegation from the Soviet front World Peace Council, 1975
Coleman Young, crony capitalism and communism destroyed Detroit.
Barack Obama is using the same formula to destroy America.
Will you let him?
Filed Under: *Articles of the Bound*, *In the Searchlights*, *Solutions*, A War - Win It, Barack Obama, Collectivist Philosophies, Creating Class & Conflict, Homegrown Enemies of Free America, How We Got Here, Investigations, Marxist Spotting, Marxofascist Strategy, Neo-Marxism Planned Mayhem Tagged With: anti-American revolution, Barack Hussein Obama II, communisty organizations, corruption, Democrat, global Marxist-fascist movement, history, Marxism, U.S. Congress, U.S. Presidency (POTUS)
POA says
July 23, 2013, 7:06 pm at 7:06 pm
Sure. Why not? There's not enough of us left to stop him. I know people that claim to be able to think yet they still support Obama. I can fix a lot of things but I can't fix stupid.
Torrie Robinson says
July 24, 2013, 12:17 pm at 12:17 pm
Coleman was a crook and he had ties to one of the biggest drug dealers in Detroit's history. I grew up and lived in Detroit all my life and the citizens have been allowing the unions and Democrat leaders to have their hand in the pot for 50 years. Maybe now the residents will vote a more conservative individual as mayor…but I will bet $100 they don't.
Arlie says
July 25, 2013, 8:01 am at 8:01 am
May lightening strike them ALL! IF ONLY ALL OF AMERICA WOULD READ THIS. This story needs to be front page everywhere.
Bless you Trevor. Your work on linking all these crimes against America are unequaled in revelation of the Truth.
In that last picture, I'm pretty sure I recognize the fat-head on the far (hate to say it) right, none other than hot Karl Levin my erstwhile senator. Most dummies think that communism died with the Berlin wall; "Oh, there's no such thing as communism any more", they may say, or "That's not communistic", or even "Yeah, that's good." Do we really need camps to put them in? Heh-heh.
There are solutions apart from the final solution. Our 'education' establishment is & has been inculcating further generations into their messy morass of authoritarian thinking, suggesting that everything is good and alright, when it's obvious to any right thinking individual that we're being herd mentality-ed into thinking that We are the ones out of step with reality.
Arlen Williams says
August 16, 2013, 1:20 am at 1:20 am
Looks like Carl Levin to me, too, co-author of the body-snatching NDAA's of 2012 and 2013, with John McCain, IIRC, at Barack Obama's right hand, of course.
Eric Mabley says
October 11, 2019, 4:26 pm at 4:26 pm
Coleman Young wasn't a communist. He was little more than a common crook. The corrupt negrocracy he created was responsible more than anything else – even more than the decline in the industrial sector – for turning Detroit into the cesspool it is today.
What about being a crook precludes being a Communist? (Joseph Stalin, before making it into high Communist office, is looked back upon as the Al Capone of Russia.)
Da Tech Guy On DaRadio Blog » Blog Archive » The cost of liberalism: Detroit's water war says:
[…] history. Decades of mismanagment by liberal mayors, especially race-?baiter Coleman Young, who I believe was the worst mayor in American history, transformed what was the once the […]
Da Tech Guy On DaRadio Blog » Blog Archive » Beware of the anti-Rahm in Chicago says:
August 24, 2014, 11:44 am at 11:44 am
[…] Lewis. The only other big-?city mayor that I can think of who was a labor leader was Detroit's Coleman Young, who misruled the onetime Motor City from […]


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Edwardian grandeur with meticulously maintained 23-room manor house on park-like estate
Ian Bushnell 25 July 2018 25 July 2018
Grand old lady: Terrara House Estate near Nowra. Photos: South Coast Prestige Properties.
Described as a grande dame, a historic Terrara House Estate near Nowra is awaiting its next custodians, with the Edwardian mansion and almost seven park-like hectares (16.85 acres) of manicured gardens and horse paddocks on the market, priced from $6 million to $6.5 million.
Agent Carrie Bond from South Coast Prestige Properties said Terrara House was one of a kind.
"There is nothing like it on the South Coast," she said. "The entryway is stunning coming up the tree-lined long driveway and then you come around the corner and it's just such grandeur. It's a beautiful old lady."
The current owners, the Glenns, moved in 2004 and have updated and meticulously maintained the property, adding a day spa, building amenities around the 18-metre heated swimming pool and all-weather tennis court, and establishing the maze and vegetable gardens.
Hugh MacKenzie, a former Mayor of the Shoalhaven for 23 years, built the mansion for his family at a cost of a reported 10,000 pounds.
Constructed from local sandstone from 1900 – 1904, the mansion boasts 23 rooms extending over three storeys, a grand foyer and staircase, 13 fireplaces, and a widow's walk with stunning period details throughout.
The property had been part of the original 1000 acre Terrara Estate settled by the De Mestre family in 1845, before Hugh MacKenzie bought it for 40,000 pounds.
Etienne De Mestre was a celebrated racehorse trainer who successfully trained five Melbourne Cup winners from the track at Terrara House, including Archer, the winner of the first two Cups, and the original De Mestre stables were converted into guest accommodation by a prior owner.
The MacKenzies celebrated their children's weddings at Terrara House, so it is no surprise that the Estate has been a wedding venue over the years, the latest being a 10-year period under the present ownership.
Ms Bond said the owners had yielded to a bride's request to be married there, as long as the nuptials were not conducted in the manor house. It inspired them to start their own business, adding the 'out of this world' day spa, and attracting the rich and famous from across the world, with the celebrations cloaked in secrecy and non-disclosure agreements.
"It just grew, bigger than Ben-Hur, and is still very well known as one of the most beautiful places to have weddings," she said. "I knew the helicopter pilot who flew somebody in there and we were all sworn to secrecy."
The mansion itself includes seven bedrooms and seven bathrooms, a study, a modern commercial kitchen, conservatory, and wide verandas with iron lacework. It is styled with Ralph Lauren textiles and fine Edwardian antique furniture, which is subject to a separate negotiation.
"The structure's integrity has been maintained, nothing has been done to it other than it's been decorated beautifully, perfectly maintained – the verandas and the lacework, anything that looks like it needs to be replaced gets done," Ms Bond said.
It may be steeped in history but Terrara House is also thoroughly modern, with vented reverse cycle air conditioning and internet connection. It has town water but also rainwater tanks, while water drawn from the old well feeds the vegetable garden.
Ms Bond said it all sat beautifully within the gardens, with uninterrupted northern views of the surrounding countryside with the mountains in the distance.
Offering complete privacy, Terrara House is only 20 minutes to the beach, five minutes to Nowra and 10 minutes to the historical town of Berry. The Estate is in easy walking distance to the Shoalhaven River, the historic village of Terara and Terara Public School.
Interest has been mainly from Sydney and Ms Bond doesn't expect it to be on the market for long.
The property was a credit to the owners and the people before them, she said. "You are a custodian in a home like this, you never quite own them, you look after them for the time you are blessed to be in a home like this," she said.
Terrara House Estate at 77 Millbank Road, Terara is for sale by private treaty. For more information, contact Carrie Bond on 0421 449 846 or go here.
Tags Berry Carrie Bond Nowra shoalhaven South Coast Prestige Properties sydney Terrara House Estate
Sapphire opportunity: A historic homestead in glorious Pambula
Lisa Herbert 1 February 2020 9


So here it is, I finally cut my hair off! After years of long hair I have taken the plunge and I am so glad I have done it, I actually have hair that looks thick(ish) and not completely flat to my head - wooo!! To celebrate the bob I wanted to make sure the blog photos were good, so Harry and I took a day trip to Manchester to shoot in some different locations. Hence the creased t-shirt, which obviously didn't take well to me being sat down driving for over an hour. Apologies for that!
I haven't worn these shoes in a while, but my love for them has been rekindled! I love how they look paired with suit trousers and a simple tee. And yes, I am having a Gwen Stefani moment with a black bra under a white t-shirt. In all honesty, that came about from packing the wrong things... but I chose to carry on as if it was a thought out fashion decision.
Let me know what you guys think of my hair, I love reading all your thoughts and comments!