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Decolonising our galleries: An introduction
Crucial aspects of Scotland's history are underpinned by the exploitation of enslaved and colonised people around the world. As we invite you to join us on the journey of decolonising our museum, we want to explain how we're doing it and why it's vital.
Part I by Meredith More, Curator at V&A Dundee
"'Decolonisation' has come to represent a whole host of ideas: It's an acknowledgement that in the West, society has been built upon the colonisation of other nations, that we exist within a system of privilege and oppression, and that a lot of the culture we've come to see as ours has actually been appropriated or stolen."
Anoushka Khandwala (2019)
Our Scottish Design Galleries explore Scotland's design history from 1500 to the present day. Their themed displays focus on things that make design in Scotland unique, from the country's specific natural resources, to its patterns of immigration and emigration. A wide range of fascinating objects show the huge breadth of design creativity across Scotland, from weavers and furniture makers to shipbuilders, architects and digital innovators.
But these galleries are not a definitive statement about Scotland's design history. They only provide a snapshot of a much more complex picture. We want to change the perception that these galleries are 'permanent' and that they tell 'the' story of Scottish design, because there are countless alternative perspectives that can and should be brought in to complicate, challenge and provoke further discussion about what characterises Scottish design in the past, present and future.
Our Scottish Design Galleries.
From now on, we plan to focus on a new theme each year to help bring in missing perspectives, allowing us to decentre prevailing narratives. Our focus in 2020/2021 is to begin decolonising the galleries, acknowledging that much of Scotland's design history is built upon the exploitation of enslaved and colonised people around the world.
As a new design museum, we have no excuse for omitting and misrepresenting this history in our galleries. Through collaboration, we will begin to address this by adapting our labels, bringing in new objects and developing a new commission. This is only a small start and it is more important than ever that we open the conversation beyond our walls. We want to speak with our audiences and neighbours and use our platform to effect change. We have a lot of work to do ourselves and we'd love to hear from you. You can share your views using #decoloniseSDG
The first step we've taken in this process is to re-write a number of object labels in our galleries so that they reflect a decolonial and transnational approach to Scotland's design history. Some of these original labels omitted important details about the colonial context for the objects' creation, while others unwittingly misrepresented the facts. To re-write them we worked with a group of experts from the Transnational Scotland Network, who took part in a workshop we held at the museum in August 2019.
Fine linen napkin, 1762. Scotland's role in the Caribbean colonies and the transatlantic slave trade is largely absent from our galleries. We show this fine linen napkin, but we don't show the much more prevalent coarse linen produced on the East Coast of Scotland which was sold in huge quantities to American and Caribbean plantations for clothing enslaved people. (Image © Victoria and Albert Museum, London.)
Through a collaborative research and writing process, we have made small but important changes to the narrative of the galleries, especially regarding Scotland's role in building and maintaining the British Empire and the devastating impact of this on colonised people around the world.
This is the first in a series of articles that will focus on the content of the labels that we have changed. The experts we worked with will explain what was wrong with what we had written in the first place and delve deeper into the background of the objects and their complex histories.
Before we start, what characterises decolonial and transnational approaches to history? Since the recent Black Lives Matter demonstrations there have been numerous petitions calling for more education on Black British history and Britain's colonial history in schools and universities. In the meantime, many people are trying to educate themselves.
We've asked Emma Bond, who instigated and leads the Transnational Scotland Network, to help us define these terms. And to explain why it is so important that we use these approaches when telling stories about the past, whether that's in a history book, a news broadcast, a school curriculum, or indeed, in a design museum.
Part II by Emma Bond, University of St Andrews
Someone on Twitter recently posted a list of the population of the one hundred principal European cities in 1854. I couldn't stop looking at it. It mapped a totally different Europe: one where Sophia was in Turkey, Warsaw in Russia and Trieste in Austria. But something else caught my eye.
In 54th place (ahead of Bologna, Toulouse, Frankfurt and The Hague at the time) was my own local city of Dundee. Dundee's population had grown rapidly between the mid-eighteenth and mid-nineteenth centuries because of the city's involvement in multiple industries. This was primarily textile based (beginning with wool, then linen, and, from the 1830s onward, jute), but also whaling and shipbuilding. Industrial centres like Dundee relied heavily on international networks of commerce and exchange.
A section of Turkey Red fabric in our galleries. Turkey Red fabrics were produced in Scotland but many appropriated Indian motifs such as peacocks and 'butas' (which became known in the West as 'Paisley' patterns). This was so they could be sold cheaply in India for saris. (Image © Victoria and Albert Museum, London.)
Whaling would connect Scotland with the Nordic countries, Greenland and Inuit communities of Canada. The production of jute notably intertwined the economic, social and cultural lives of Dundee and Kolkata. It's clear that the city's newest museum, V&A Dundee, is placed within a local history that must also be read through a transnational lens.
I want to explain a bit more what I mean by 'transnational'. And why I believe it's important that the story being told about that history in the Scottish Design Galleries also engages with movements calling for the decolonisation of cultural institutions such as museums.
"There is always more than one way of looking."
Alice Procter (2020)
I'm an academic based at the University of St Andrews. For a long time, my work has been focused on elevating and highlighting the transnational elements that underpin the stories that we tell about the past.
Looking at stories and histories 'transnationally' means reorienting our lines of enquiry beyond national frameworks. These tend to support binaries of 'us' and 'others' and, as a result, can reinforce hierarchies of inequality. It means highlighting the networks and connections that have facilitated cultural and economic exchange across national borders. And recognising that those networks have underpinned violent systems of exploitation, extraction and inequality that still mark societies in multiple damaging ways today.
In 2018 I applied to the Royal Society of Edinburgh for funding to set up a network of museums under the umbrella of 'Transnational Scotland', together with my co-investigator Dr Michael Morris from the University of Dundee. Our museum partners all hold collections that tell the story of Scotland's transnational past through its various commodity trades: the Fisheries museum (herring), New Lanark Trust (cotton), Verdant Works (jute), and the Watt Institution (sugar).
Our starting premise was that Scotland's global trades and cultural growth benefitted from interconnected networks of colonialism and empire. The sugar refineries of Greenock, fisheries of the long East Coast, cotton mills of New Lanark and Paisley and jute mills of Dundee attracted raw materials from the West Indies and North America to India. Scotland then exported finished products across the world, creating an elaborate network of interconnected routes, objects and peoples.
Drawing of cathedral in Khartoum in Sudan. This cathedral was designed by Scottish architect Robert Weir Schultz. In our gallery we say he created a blend of European and Middle Eastern architecture. What we don't say is that the cathedral was built only two years after Khartoum's violent conquest by British-led armed forces in 1898. The cathedral symbolised a new era of British Christian rule in an Arab Muslim city, so Schultz's hybrid design had political purpose. (Image © Victoria and Albert Museum, London.)
The economic, technological and cultural successes of the history of Scotland's global trades have been well documented. But only recently has due attention been paid to the histories of exploitation that underpinned them, including Scotland's role in the transatlantic slave trade. Dundonian jute sacks transported sugar from Jamaican plantations, coarse Scottish linen was used to clothe enslaved peoples across the Caribbean, and the lowest quality Scottish herring was exported to the West Indies to feed enslaved people. A latter's fishing trade route tellingly vanished entirely after abolition passed in 1833 (shrinking from 82,000 tons in 1824 to just 2,000 in 1845).
We were lucky to be funded to carry out a series of workshops at our partner museums between 2019 – 2020. In March 2019 we were contacted by V&A Dundee, who were interested in rethinking the interpretation in the Scottish Design Galleries to reflect the histories of empire and colonialism that underpinned the production and use of some of the objects on display there.
We organised a workshop at the museum in August 2019 which brought together academics, museum staff, artists and activists over the course of an intense and challenging day. We deconstructed a lot of the existing museum labels as a group and had candid conversations about ways to move forward in decolonising museum practices. These include displaying and narrativising collections and commissioning new works.
"Decolonial practice is human-centric, democratic, self-reflective, critical and active."
Rachael Minott (2020)
To return to my anecdote at the start of this article, 1854 was a year at the height of the age of empires. The cities I mention above, Sophia, Warsaw, Trieste and Dundee, were part of imperial structures (Ottoman, Russian, Austro-Hungarian and British respectively) that spread far beyond what was then classed as Europe.
The societal structures that we live with in Europe today are imperial in their foundation and colonial in their methods. Our current ways of learning, of building knowledge, and therefore the foundations of our political, economic and cultural systems are all built on colonial principles. The great national museums of Europe were founded as imperial projects. Museum methods (such as acquisition, conservation, interpretation and community engagement) are often still inflected with colonial ways of thinking that carry imprints of extraction or appropriation.
There is so much exciting decolonising work being done by people within museums in the UK. People such as Subhadra Das, Sumaya Kassim, Rachael Minott, Alice Procter and many, many others. I believe that academics and museum professionals can work productively together alongside communities and the public to think through the processes of decolonisation.
Scottish glengarry cap decorated with Indian embroidery. Scottish regiments were deployed all across India in the 19th century to forcefully maintain British rule. On display we have this cap which takes the form of a Scottish glengarry decorated with Indian embroidery. It might have been made by an Indian craftsperson to sell to Scottish soldiers. An Indian regiment of the British army later adopted the glengarry as their uniform cap. Was this a sign of cultural exchange or subjugation? (Image © Victoria and Albert Museum, London.)
Academics can help with changes to object interpretation by bringing new specialist, often historical, knowledge to light. But critical theory is a crucial part of this process too. It's able to articulate big ideas like decolonisation and offers an understanding of the processes that will allow us to enact real change on a wider scale.
Cultural critic and author bell hooks experienced theory as a place where you can "imagine different futures, a place where life could be lived differently" (Theory as Liberatory Practice, 1991). In a similar vein, scholars such as Ariella Aïsha Azoulay, Frantz Fanon, Saidiya Hartman and Ann Laura Stoler have guided me on my own research journey. They've shown me not only that imperialism lies at the root of world injustice, but also that we can think of creative alternatives. Unlearning imperialism allows us to create both alternative pasts and alternative futures. Through the creative processes of decolonisation, we can work towards undoing harmful structures and practices, and we can make space for critical dialogue and increased democratisation.
"The struggle is for changing the terms in addition to the content of the conversation."
Walter Mignolo (2007)
I live just across the river from Dundee and I watched the final stages of V&A Dundee's construction with growing excitement. I am even more excited now about the future of the museum. Affiliated to its sister museum in South Kensington, it is itself without the burden of imperial archives or object stores. It is young, and it can be nimble and responsive to contemporary societal movements and challenges as a result.
V&A Dundee is now making a start to its own journey of decolonisation through re-writing object labels in the Scottish Design Galleries. That journey has to involve multiple voices and perspectives and must engage fully with the local community. The museum needs to set targets in relation to representation, training, institutional processes, exhibition, curating and commissioning practices. And it needs to be accountable to those targets.
As Yvette Mutumba has recently said, "decolonisation has to hurt" (Frieze, 2020). There is pain because these are emotional encounters. They are emotional because colonialism affects the past, the present and the future of communities. Decolonising our community museums is work we must all participate in, and work that is of infinite benefit to us all.
Meredith More is a Curator at V&A Dundee. Dr Emma Bond is Reader in Modern Languages at the University of St Andrews.
This is only the beginning of our decolonisation journey and we have a lot of work to do. We'd love to hear from you. Share your views on social media using #decoloniseSDG
A long way from home: the Paisley pattern and India
Paisley shawls in literature
Decolonising Scotland's design history
A "tasteless" history of the Paisley pattern
Scottish Design Galleries


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The lakes on top of the Table Lands create a unique and scenic landscape in Gros Morne National Park.
A view of the small Table Lands lakes at Gros Morne National Park creates a stunning view of the different landscape features of plants, lakes and desert.
An aerial view of the Tablelands in Gros Morne National Park of Newfoundland, Canada.


Anne Cheek La Rose has been a textile artist for more than 40 years, with works in public and private collections around the world. She is an actor, author of five books, and is an Inglewood, California Arts Commissioner.
Since 2005, she has been actively photographing things that interest her: animals, objects, architecture, landscapes, flowers and even shadows, anything that catches her eye is fair game. She calls herself a "Guerrilla" photographer, as her style is point-and-shoot. One of her favorite photographs was an afterthought and captured in a quick turn-and-shoot moment. Until later, Anne had no idea the photo was worthwhile.
Her photographs were private until a fellow artist asked to see photos to consider for a show she was curating. One of the photographs was chosen by unanimous vote of the jurors for the "Les Petit Jardins" exhibit in Terminal One at LAX (Los Angeles International Airport) in 2012.
Anne has documented the Inglewood Public Art Collection for a brochure of art and historic sites that has since been expanded to include architecture. It has also become the basis of an online tour of the public art, architecture, and historic sites highlights of Inglewood.
Since then, she has exhibited some of her animal photographs in the gallery at the main Inglewood Public Library and other subjects at the District 2 Police Community Center.
She is exhibiting her photographs at the 9th annual Inglewood Open Studios in November 2015. Anne opened her studio in 2010 for the 4th annual IOS show and exhibited painted and embroidered textiles and collage works.
Anne likes to keep her photographs small. They are more intimate and help the viewer recall a sense memory or a sweet moment.
Everyone has space for a framed 4" x 6" or 5" x 7" print to hang or to place on a table or shelf.
Art should be affordable. It should be within everyone's reach.
Note: Purchased images will not bear the copyright notice within the images seen here.


If you have decided to return an item, please send the items back to us within 28 days of receiving it. Include your sales invoice (or a copy of the order confirmation email) in the box so that we may identify your order. Returns sent back without the correct documentation will not be processed. Take the parcel to the Post Office and obtain a proof of send. We cannot be responsible for lost packages. We will process your refund once we receive the item. Returns sent back after the 28 days will not be processed and items will be destroyed. Please note that items bought as a set need to be returned together for a full refund. If only part of the set is returned, the item kept reverts to its full price which will be deducted from the refund.
For your returns label, please email us at [email protected] with your order number and the reason for return.
You have 28 days from the date of receiving your order to return unwanted items to us. Returns sent back after the 28 days will not be processed and items will be destroyed. You are responsible for the shipping costs of returning the item to us. Please insure against lost and damage, as we cannot issue a refund until we receive the item and in a state where we can resell it. Please send the item back to Lavalia Ltd, 4 Brunswick Terrace, The Knoll, Beckenham, BR3 5LL. Please mark the parcel and customs form as "RETURNED GOODS". Parcels improperly marked will give rise to an import VAT which will be passed on to you and deducted from your refund.


In New Zealand (or to use the Māori language place name, Aotearoa) there has been an interesting debate about the use of 'te reo' on Radio New Zealand (RNZ). Te reo means 'the language' and refers to that spoken by the indigenous peoples of New Zealand, the Māori. Since 1987, te reo Māori has been one of New Zealand's three official tongues, which include English and, since 2006, New Zealand Sign Language.
In December last year, former National Party leader, Don Brash, complained that RNZ was forcing English-speaking presenters to use Māori. His intervention followed earlier media reporting about the manner in which Māori was used in public life. For the critics, Māori language promotion sits uneasily with a country where only a small minority can claim competence in its written and spoken forms. It is estimated that Māori may be spoken by around three per cent of New Zealanders compared to English which is near universal amongst the domestic population. Many other Asian and South Pacific origin languages are spoken in everyday life, but none thus far have official language status.
The 'debate' about the use of Māori in public life is playing out in public institutions such as RNZ. In February 2017, the broadcaster announced a so-called 'Māori strategy' and spoke about its willingness to develop 'personalised language plans' for its journalists and producers. What this entailed was a commitment to allow its employees to use te reo in broadcasting. Brash complained that he could not understand the broadcaster's use of Māori and resented the fact presenters did not translate those extracts into English for non-Māori speakers. He was also quick to point out there were already Māori television and radio stations for native speakers to access if they so wished.
It is important to note that Brash's intervention regarding the use of te reo needs to be placed in a wider political and cultural context. Brash is a former Leader of the Opposition and an experienced public figure in New Zealand. He's also, importantly, the leading light of a pressure group called Hobson's Pledge. Established in 2016 and named after the first Governor-General of New Zealand (William Hobson), the group is eager to bring to an end any advantages that Māori might enjoy in New Zealand society. It has been very critical of the guaranteed existence of seven Māori seats in the New Zealand parliament. Instead it proposes that all citizens, regardless of their origin, should be treated as equal. Failure to do so will, the advocates argue, lead to a more fractious and divided New Zealand.
Unsurprisingly, there are both Māori and Pakeha (New Zealanders of European descent) who take a different view about how New Zealand should conduct itself. The origins of modern-day New Zealand lie with the Treaty of Waitangi. In February 1840, the treaty was signed between the British Crown and more than 500 Māori chiefs. It established a series of obligations on the part of the Crown in return for ceding, at least in the English version, sovereignty over territory. The Māori version of the treaty, however, presented a different vision of what had been agreed upon. Instead of a sovereignty transfer, Māori agreed to share governance but also expected to retain possession of their lands and resources. The original meaning of the Treaty has been a source of controversy ever since.
The use of the Māori language on RNZ is, for many New Zealanders, a touchstone issue. Should 21st century New Zealand be actively investing and supporting both English and Māori language education in its schools? Should New Zealanders actively embrace singing the national anthem in Māori and learn to pronounce Māori place names such as Taupo (as Toe-Paw rather than Tau-Po)?
As with other countries, such as South Africa, language issues always matter to personal and collective identity. They touch upon geopolitics because they contribute to everyday maps of meaning. For example, embracing te reo Māori means not only being attentive to the indigenous inhabitants, but also means thinking about the country as located within the South Pacific – as opposed to being an English-speaking output of a former empire.
Though there is a great deal more Māori that is spoken and heard in New Zealand public life today, we should not exaggerate the change. In Wales, it is commonplace to see bilingual road signs and documentation in both English and Welsh. This is not the case in New Zealand. Māori lessons in schools are not compulsory, but this might change in the near future, subject to political will and capacity building in Māori language training and teacher education.
New Zealanders and visitors alike should prepare to learn some new place names for New Zealand, and North and South Island – respectively, Aotearoa, Te Ika-a-Maui and Te Waipounamu. Listeners unhappy with hearing te reo Māori on RNZ can of course turn off their radio, but it is most unlikely that they will be able to silence those who are determined to ensure that one of the country's official languages is spoken and heard in the public sphere.
This was published in the February 2018 edition of Geographical magazine.


Catching these lively and hard-fighting fish a little differently from ordinary panfish.
The year just past was a good one for local outdoorsmen. Here's what to do with the leftover meat.
If there's a problem on any lake that holds walleye and/or saugeye, it's finding the fish. Here's a solution.
It's a hard life these early peoples lived, and dangerous sometimes, but most times they lived well. And enjoyed the fruits of their efforts just as we do today.
What can you do for the rest of this long, bitter cold winter? You can hunt coyotes.
Winter ice fishing is the most productive time of year to make a good catch, and fish taken from ice water are as tasty as they'll ever be.


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How the governor unit on diesel engine function to maintain the travel speed of the tractor on varying load?
The governor simply limits the maximum allowed speed and/or RPMs. On some motors, they have a feature (known as "Multi Torque" on Caterpillar diesels) which kicks in when the motor is becoming strained under load. It increases the amount of fuel which goes through the injectors, effectively increasing horsepower and torque.
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Which is the power of the engine and the maximum speed of the peugeot 504 turbo diesel 4cyl 1977?
80 hp is the power of the Peugeot 504 turbo diesel 4 cyl 1977 engine and its maximum speed is 119 mph.
Which is the power of the engine and the maximum speed of the truck dodge d-400 diesel 1965?
The power of the engine on the1965 Dodge D-400 diesel is 105 hp. the maximum speed in 120 mph.
Which is the power of the engine and the maximum speed of the Cadillac Seville diesel 1979?
The power of the engine and the maximum speed of the Cadillac Seville diesel 1979 is 93 kW / 127 ps at 3600 rpm and 96.93 mph (156 km/h) respectively.
Which is the power of the engine and the maximum speed of the ford taunus granada wagon diesel 4cyl 1977?
86 bhp is the power of the ford Taunus Granada wagon diesel 4cyl 1977 engine and its maximum speed is 94 mph.
Which is the power of the engine and the maximum speed of the Ford Transit diesel 1975?
66 kW (90 ps) is the power of the ford transit diesel 1975 engine and its maximum speed is 60 mph.
What is the average amount of miles able to be driven on a duramax diesel engine?
With proper preventative maintainance 500-700,000 miles.
What is the minimum speed a vehicle must maintain on the Autobahn?
Not in the sense of a general minimum speed to drive.There is a lower limit for a vehicles top speed, though.Any motor vehicle in use on the autobahn has to be build to sustain speeds in excess of 60 km/h in Germany.(Other countries have different minima.)
How the speed of a vehicle is related to engine speed and how tha vehicle speed is affected by the engine torque and gear ratio?
A smaller number as a gear ratio means more speed. Higher ratios have higher torque and less speed. The size of the engine just determines hp and tq for that engine unless it is upgraded. The gear ratio and engine determine the vehicles top speed and acceleration. More torque means more power the...
Which is the power of the engine and the maximum speed of the peugeot 404 1.9 wagon diesel 1965?
110 Hp is the power of the Peugeot 404 1.9 wagon diesel 1965 engine and its maximum speed is 103 mph.
Which is the power of the engine and the maximum speed of the Mercedes Benz 170 D wagon diesel 1951?
The power of the engine and the maximum speed of the 1951 Mercedes Benz 170 D wagon Diesel are 38 hp at 3200 rpm and 62 mph respectively.
Which is the power of the engine and the maximum speed of the truck Mercedes Benz 911 diesel 1963?
The maximum speed of a 1963 Mercedes Benz truck 911 diesel 6cyl 110HP is around 100 miles per hour.
Which is the power of the engine and the maximum speed of the fiat 132 2500 diesel 1978?
72 PS (53 kW; 71 hp is the power of the engine and its maximum speed is 150 kph (93 mph).
Which is the power of the engine and the maximum speed of the Oldsmobile coupe diesel 1978?
60 hp @4200 rpm is the power of the Oldsmobile coupe diesel 1978 engine and its maximum speed is 155 km/h (96 mph ).
Which is the power of the engine and the maximum speed of the peugeot 204 diesel 1970?
The power of the engine and the maximum speed of the peugeot 204 diesel 1970 is 45.6 PS / 45 bhp / 33.6 kW @ 5000 rpm and 125 km/h, 78 mph respectively.
Which is the power of the engine and the maximum speed of the Renault 20 gtd diesel 1979?
65 PS / 64 bhp / 48 kW @ 4500 rpm is the power of the Renault 20 gtd diesel 1979 engine and its maximum speed is 146 km/h, 91 mph.
Which is the power of the engine and the maximum speed of the peugeot 305 1.9 diesel 1978?
64 bhp (65 PS/48 kW) at 4600 rpm is the power of the dodge diplomat automatic 1979 engine and its maximum speed is 94 mph.
Which is the power of the engine and the maximum speed of peugeot 403 wagon diesel 1800 1959?
The maximum speed of the 1959 Peugeot 403 wagon diesel 1800 is 84 mph. The power of the engine is 64 hp.
How do you start a diesel tractor when it runs out of fuel?
How to Start a Diesel When it Runs Out of Fuel Look in the owner's manual for the location of the fuel primer pump and bleed screw. Loosen the bleed screw a couple of turns. Pump the primer pump until diesel fuel comes out of the loose bleed screw. Tighten down the bleed screw with the scr...
Which is the power of the engine and the maximum speed of Renault 12 diesel 1.5 1977?
The power of the engine and the maximum speed of the 1977 Renault 12 diesel 1.5 are 75kW and 98 mph respectively.
Which is the power of the engine and the maximum speed of peugeot 604 4-cylinder turbo diesel 1978?
(32,84 kW or 43,78 HP) is the power of the Peugeot 604 4cyl turbo diesel 1978 engine and its maximum speed is 119 mph.
What is the function of the engine block in car?
The engine block keeps combustion controlled in the chamber instead of exploding the engine apart. It also helps with cooling and provides a platform for your other engine parts.
Is it legal to mix on road diesel with crude diesel and how will it affect the engine?
ULSD is the only legal highway-use diesel fuel - you cannot legally use waste oil, crude oil, kerosene, jet fuel, or off-road diesel, mixed or otherwise.As for mixing crude oil with diesel fuel, there's a reason it's crude - it's unfiltered, unstrained, and unprocessed. First, you'll clog the oil...
How does the fuel system work on a diesel engine?
In gasoline engine, the air is mixed with fuel and the combined substance gets compressed by pistons.The explosion is ignited by a spark.On the other hand, in a diesel engine, air is compressed first which causes the air to heat up.Then the fuel is injected, which ignites the explosion.
What increases the ability to maintain traction on a vehicle?
Friction.Good tire tread, weight on the tires (increased ground pressure), traction control systems (typically either all wheel drive or an electronically controlled limited slip differential).
What is the function of the engine block?
The purpose of the engine block is to support the components of the engine.Additionally, the engine block transfers heat from friction to the atmosphere and engine coolant.The material selected for the engine block is either gray cast iron or aluminum alloy.
What is the function of the car engine head?
The engine head is physically mounted on top of the engine block and is capped by the valve cover (which usually has the car manufacture's name on it). you can also find it by tracing the exhaust pipe to the engine. it does several major things:1) it houses the valve assemblies for allowing intak...
What is the function of a distributor in car engine?
A distributor is an enclosed rotating shaft used in spark-ignition internal combustion engines that have mechanically-timed ignition.The distributor's main function is to route secondary, or high voltage, current from the ignition coil to the spark plugs in the correct firing order, and for the c...
How to tune basic turbo diesel engine?
turbo kit and diesel engine shall be serviced or repaired or maintained seperately by reliable /specialist/machanic.. depend on the repair cost budget,time and performance you expected.. check with the reliable machanic and they will advise you..if you expected tip top performance like new and ca...
What is the function of an air flow meter on a fuel injected engine?
The function of an air flow meter on a fuel injected engine is to check the quality or quantity of air. It sends a signal to the ECM or Electronic Computer Module and in turn, the ECM decides whether to send more fuel to the engine or not.
What is the functioning of Internal combustion engine?
pretty much to put it simply, the purpose of the internal combustion engine is to turn potential energy in the form of petrol or diesel into mechanical energy. This is done by exploding the fuel in the combustion chamber of the engine, therefore creating heat and rapid expension of gas which driv...
Why functions car engines worse on the mountains?
bcause gravity pulls continuesly as much as it goes higher.
What if traveling in your car at the speed of light and turn on your headlights?
head lights would be the least of ur worries if u had a car that could travel at the speed of light cause u wouldn't have a car cause it would turn to energy.-foxtrot3092- !!!END OF STORY!!!
How do you calculate the efficiency of diesel engine?
Diesel is just a combustable fuel like gasoline. If you fill up a 20 gal. tank, drive "x" amount of miles, you simply divide the miles by the amount of fuel. Diesel engines used to be inefficient, dirty, and hated by most. However, if one compared two of thesame vehicles gas vs. diesel: diesel ty...
How can you increase the output of diesel engine?
To increase the horsepower of a diesel engine you need to put either a turbo charger or a supercharger on it. Cold air intake will also help.
What happens when you travel the speed of light?
No, we cannot travel at the speed of light.You see, if an object travels at the speed of light, its mass will increase exponentially! Consider this… the speed of light is 300,000 kilometers per second (186,000 miles per second) and when an object moves at this speed, its mass will become infinite.
What is one main function of the condenser for engine?
To absorb voltage spikes or surges that occur when the breaker points open and close.
What is the function of radiator in engine?
The radiator transfers the heat from the fluid inside to the air outside, thereby cooling the fluid, which in turn cools the engine.Radiators are also often used to cool automatic transmission fluids, air conditioner refrigerant, intake air, and sometimes to cool motor oil or power steering fluid.
How do you disable the governor on a Big rig?
You'd have to change the ECM settings. To 'disable' the speed governor, you'd have to disable the ECM, which, in turn, disables the whole truck. If you're asking a question like this, chances are, you really have no business messing with those settings, especially since it's probably in reference...
How do you bypass the governor on Predator 212?
How do you adjust the governor on an air compressor?
The adjustment is touchy and to increase unloading pressure you turn the screw clockwise and counter clockwise to reduce pressure.When the air compressor reaches it's limit the governor is there to unload it preventing air pressure from building too high.
Do we can travel faster or near to the speed of sound in space?
Any vehicle (such as a rocket) MUST exceed the 'speed-of-sound' in order to escape the atmosphere (actually much, much faster). The 'speed-of-sound' varies with the thickness of the medium in which it is travelling. At low altitudes (close to sea-level), sound can travel up to 880mph because the ...
What is the average speed of a car that takes 4 hours to travel 240 miles?
Average Speed = distance/time = 240/4 = 60 mph
How do you adjust the governor on a go kart?
How to Adjust the Mechanical Governor on a Go-Kart Loosen a clamp bolt or nut that secures the governor lever to the governor crank with a metric wrench.Rotate the throttle plate clockwise by hand until it stops. Hold the plate in this position with one hand.Attach a metric nut driver onto th...
Why does black smoke come out of your exhaust pipe when you accelarate on your diesel tractor?
The black smoke is caused by too much diesel fuel being supplied to the engine when you first open the throttle. Quite often this happens when the fuel injectors are worn and /or the turbo is not coming up to speed quick enough.
How does the height of a ramp affect the speed a toy car will travel?
To investigate into how the height of a ramp affects the speed of a toy car rolled down it.Because the higher the ramp the more Gravitational Potential Energy(GPE), the more GPE the more kinetic energy converted and the car faster it will go.So that as the ramp increases, the velocity will also i...
What is the disadvantage of using diesel engine in comparison to petrol engine?
Disadvantages of diesel engines Operating noise: Unlike gasoline engines, which produce most of their noise from their easily-muffled exhausts, a good deal of the diesel engine's noise comes directly from the engine itself.Initial expense: Diesel engines employ much higher compression ratios tha...
Which would be the best name for a function that takes the size of an engine ans returns the maxinum speed of a car?
size(speed)~apex~<3
How do you take the governor out of a car?
loudly scream and hawl it out with ur bare han
What is the best speed should you be traveling when breaking in the car engine?
Usually unders 55 or 60 mph and varied speeds. The speed of running in a new engine is really not important. The important thing is, never over rev the engine and never let the engine labour. If you avoid both of these then the engine should stay sound for many miles. modern cars don't need an el...
Coefficient of drag of f1 cars is higher so how they maintain their high speed explain clearly?
The wings on the front and back of f1 cars create a down force which increases cornering speed, which makes for faster lap times even though the drag is higher and reduces straight line speed.
What are the advantages of petrol engine over diesel engine?
Advantages of diesel: Diesel engines are also able to produce high torque (pulling power) at low speeds and so are good for overtaking and for towing.Generally, diesel engines will get you an average of 15-20% more miles per gallon than their petrol equivalents.
Where is the governor on a 17hp Briggs and stratton lownmower engine?
Take off the air cleaner and cover. There will be a rod attached to the throttle arm. Locate that rod and follow it back to what will most likely look something like a lever extending out from the engine block. That is the external portion of the governor. There are also gears and a counterweight...
What are the technical data of the engine and the maximum speed of the pick-up Peugeot 404 diesel of the decade of the 70?
The technical data of the engine of the Peugeot 404 diesel pickup of the 1970's decade includes a 1,948 cc engine. It also had a maximum speed of 104 mph/167 km/h.
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and TreatsHalfway PointsHead InjuriesYellowstone National ParkLee Harvey OswaldChevy AstroChevy PrizmVolvo V70SafewayPlanet Venus
Where can I find baby car seat ratings?
Why does your CD player keeping saying error and wont play in a ford explorer?
Why is my phone charging so slowly?
What is more secure in a car the midle or the side?
Are electric cars really better?
Why car is not made of hard rubber so that it is more elastic during collision?
Which country is the Renault Laguna Cars from?
What car had steering in door?
Is there any way to get a repossessed car back in Maryland?
What is the maximum speed of the Buick skylark coupe 8cyl 150hp 1972?
Nike Inc
Formatting Citation and Documentation
Chevy Vans
Sony Ericsson Phones

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Images Of Chocolate Eclair Cake ~ milofi.com for .
33. Sweet Tea and Cornbread: No Bake Chocolate Eclair Cake!
35. No-Bake Chocolate Eclair Dessert FoodGaZm..
42. Lightened-up no-bake chocolate eclair cake Lighten Up!


Transylvania, Romania – The Travelogue.
Transylvania instantly conjures images of vampires, bats and Dracula. But there's far more to this region of Romania, which Nicola and I set out to discover on a surprise trip for my thirtieth birthday.
The day before my birthday, Nicola handed me a little box that contained a little hand-drawn map declaring that we were going on a Transylvanian road trip that very afternoon. So I promptly set about packing, and before long we were on the way to the airport.
Romania is surprisingly far from London. We landed at about 2am, picked up our rental Skoda and headed to a little Airbnb in the small town of Sibiu. When I woke the next morning, Nicola was preparing a little Romanian birthday breakfast with ingredients she had somehow procured overnight, before we leapt in the car and headed towards our first stop on the road trip, Brașov.
The town square in Brașov. not a bear in sight.
A man was walking past as I took the photo; Nicola had a look at him.
A delightful little Romanian town, Brașov's main claim to fame, according to the Lonely Planet, is that a bear once wandered into the town square. As we were wandering around Brașov, we chanced upon 'Rope Street', which claims to be the narrowest street in Europe. We decided that this is probably completely untrue, but this hasn't stopped hem putting up a little plaque. For 2018, the street has been adorned with street art by local artists, making it a delightful 50-second stroll. If you're in the area, it's certainly worth a brief diversion.
We spent my thirtieth birthday lunch sat in the town square, eating sandwiches made from breakfast leftovers and keeping an eye out for bears. From the central square you can see the white letters of a huge 'BRASOV' sign which the council installed on the hill above the town, in some bizarre attempt at recreating the Hollywood sign. It's not a bad attempt, actually. Good for them.
The view down Rope Street to the Brașov sign on the hill.
For the evening of my birthday Nicola had booked for us to stay in a mysterious place called the Zabola Estate. After a drive through some beautiful landscapes alongside the Carpathian Mountains, we arrived at a pair of rusty, anonymous iron gates with nothing but a long, shadowy tree-lined track beyond. By this time it was starting to get nearer dusk, and we were parked at the gates of some haunted estate in a remote part of Transylvania. It was, quite frankly, pretty creepy.
But after a slightly concerned Nicola made a phone call, a distant cloud of dust appeared at the end of the track, and a friendly guy drove towards us to open the gates, beckoning us to follow him into the grounds of the Zabola Estate. And it was absolutely magnificent. At the end of the driveway, a grand country manor looks over a boating lake, with carefully manicured gardens and fountains, all surrounded by lush dark green pine forests. We entered the manor house, where a vast log fire was burning in the front room, and hundreds of candles had just been lit, giving the whole place a smoky, autumnal air.
We were shown up to our room, which was suitably palatial, with a roll top bath and a massive shower and a bed roughly the size of our flat in London. Nicola had arranged a bottle of Champagne (you're only 30 once!), so we sat in two grand armchairs and marvelled at how nice the room was.
Nicola in the room. It was absolutely massive.
Nicola prepared some champagne in the room. Nice girl, that one.
With about an hour left of light, and with a glass or two of champagne inside us, we untied a rowing boat for a quick explore of the lake. The staff had advised us not to venture away from the manor house after dark, due to the bears that roam free in the forested estate. We didn't need telling twice.
Dinner that night was in the grand dining room, where there was no menu. You simply eat whatever the chef has been cooking on that particular day. Luckily, my birthday coincided with 'beef log night', which is exactly what we fancied. 'Beef log' turned out to be a delicious fillet steak, with roasted vegetables and a rich sauce. For dessert, the chef brought out a birthday cake which Nicola had arranged with a local bakery, and she had somehow surreptitiously slipped the waiter a '30' candle. Wonderful girl, that one.
One of the reasons Nicola had planned a Transylvanian road trip was so we could drive on the Transfăgărășan. This 56-mile winding road passes over the southern part of the Carpathian Mountains, and was built at the request of dictator and all-round nasty chap Nicolae Ceaușescu, in order to get troops over the mountains in a hurry. Although it was never used by soldiers, it's a road which has hundreds of twists, turns and hairpin bends as it climbs towards the peak.
The Transfăgărășan is an incredible, scenic road, and is we had it almost entirely to ourselves. As we climbed higher in our trusty rental Skoda, a dense fog descended, and fresh snow began to appear on the roads. This would be bad enough on a normal road; it was slightly more hair-raising when you realise you're on a mountain pass with frequent vertical drops. After some very careful driving, we eventually reached the top, where we parked in a snowy car park to walk to Bâlea Lake, a crystal clear glacial lake at the top of the mountain pass.
We arrived at the viewpoint and found that, in place of where the lake should be, there was just even more fog. We couldn't see a thing. After a few minutes and with the snow threatening to get a lot deeper, we returned to the car to head back down from the mountains. We paid our 20p fee as we left the car park, but the chap on the barrier refused to let us pass, looking at our ticket and frowning. It turned out we hadn't quite stayed quite enough to qualify for minimum tariff, so he returned our fee. We would never have been any the wiser if he'd simply pocketed the 20p. But he didn't. What a nice, honest chap.
The next stop on our road trip was Bran Castle, perched high on a rocky outcrop above the small town of Bran. We wandered around inside, commenting on the furniture and what we'd do if we owned it. The highlight for me was the handy network of secret staircases between floors, although I fear the layout may flummox the chap making the floor plans for Rightmove if they ever come to sell the castle. It was like something out of an M.C. Escher painting.
Despite Bran Castle apparently having no discernible links to Bram Stoker or Dracula, word hadn't yet reached the surrounding souvenir stands, which sold all manner of tat, from vampire bat cuddy toys to spectacularly bad Dracular figurines. I lost Nicola in the maze of market stalls for a few minutes and found her proudly purchasing a small painted wooden egg, which will apparently be adorning our already cluttered Christmas tree this year.
That afternoon we headed towards the little town of Cincșor, where Nicola had booked a night in a converted schoolhouse alongside a fortified Saxon church. Of course. The schoolhouse was beautifully restored, with a giant library filled with thousands of books, most of which were written in German instead of the Romanian language, as we had expected. We learnt from the owner, Michael, that a significant part of Transylvania was inhabited by Saxons until very recently, yet few remained after Communist rule. Michael and his wife moved to Cincșor from Germany a few years back, determined to restore the church to its former glory, and preserve some of the Saxon heritage in the region.
Part of the schoolhouse had been converted into a restaurant, and once again, we found out that dinner would be whatever the chef was cooking. In a surprising twist, it was also beef log, which we washed down with slightly too much good Romanian wine, before retiring to our room and playing a silly game on Nicola's phone which involved impressions of celebrities and probably kept most of the school awake. Oops.
We had just checked out of the schoolhouse and were plotting our route to the final town on the road trip, when Michael offered us a short tour of the church which sat alongside the schoolhouse. It was an interesting tour, and we spent a couple of hours touring the building and its fortified courtyard, learning plenty of information which is likely to come in useful when we next find ourselves in a pub quiz with a Romanian Fortified Saxon Church round.
The last leg of the road trip was back towards Sibiu, where we hadn't had time to explore when we had arrived a few days before. It's a lovely, little town, rich in culture and history. According to our guidebook, Sibiu was the location of Romania's first school hospital and library; today Sibiu has an air of culture and . It reminded me slightly of Vienna. We wandered around the old town, dipping in and out of coffee shops and cafés, which was a thoroughly delightful way to spend an afternoon. One of my highlights were the architecture of houses in Sibiu; many of them have little narrow windows set into the roofs, giving the whole town a rather sneaky vibe.
Fearing a third night of beef log, and fancying a bit of variety, Nicola and I shared an almighty pizza at a cosy little restaurant on the edge of the old town, before heading to a little wine bar a few doors away from our Airbnb. Here, our Romanian let us down once again and we accidentally ordered a whole bottle of red instead of two glasses, and not wanting to be rude, proceeded to sat at the counter and work our way through it. It was a lovely place to while away our final evening in Romania.
A standard street in Sibiu. Lovely place.
We both decided that Transylvania is a hugely underrated place. Turning our visit into a mini road trip made it perfectly easy to explore side roads and scenic routes, and to generally discover with the area. Romanian food is great, the wine is delicious, the scenery is majestic and unspoilt, and the people are warm and friendly. A road trip through Transylvania feels like you are discovering a completely new region, rather than stomping along a well-trodden tourist trail.
And, throughout our time in Transylvania, we didn't see a single vampire.
Wonderful story and photos again!
Thanks – pleased you enjoyed it!


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Gigi Hadid was in attendance at the 2015 MTV VIDEO MUSIC AWARDSat the Microsoft Theater on Sunday August 30, 2015 in Los Angeles, California.
She wore a long sleeve yellow Emilia Wickstead Spring 2015 design that has a V -neckline long top along with matching shorts underneath.
She styled her look with a pair of gold sandals, Lorraine Schwartz jewelry.


text:
Q: Old PC failing with no beep or monitor signal at start up, but occasionally it boots OK A friend asked me to look at an old Windows 98 machine (I don't have any specs I'm afraid) that was having problems but I'm stumped, does anyone know what might cause the following symptoms:

*

*There is an orange LED lit on the motherboard while the power is on.

*Power switch on front turns "on" the PC, PSU and CPU fans spin.

*However, there is no startup beep (he says there usually is), the green power light on the front of the case does not come on, and the monitor receives no signal whatsoever (LED on monitor flashes).

*Once the PC is "on" holding the power switch in for five seconds or pressing the reset button has no effect whatsoever, you have to switch off at the PSU or unplug from mains to turn off.

*Occasionally though, after repeated attempts at cutting power then pressing the power button the PC will boot and work fine until the next time it's switched off.

Sorry for the lack of specs I didn't have a lot of time to examine it, it's a generic Win98 desktop machine with a dedicated graphics card (ATI IIRC). The fact that the problem is intermittent leaves me stumped.

A: The fault is likely either a bad motherboard or bad power supply. Regardless of the problem source, the result is that the motherboard doesn't get properly powered up. There's enough power to spin the fans, but not enough to actually drive the chips.
Do I even need to suggest replacing the machine? :-)

A: Solved same problem: no beep, no video. I removed the video card and conected the monitor to the motherboard. I also cleaned all fans and radiators. The operating system is Windows 98 SE, upgraded to unoficial SP3 and it is still working fine.

A: Here's what I think happened:
Capacitors lost their capacitance somewhere in computer. I believe that  it's most likely in the power supply. Here's why I think so: (I assume that computer has ATX power supply because you mentioned orange LED and the switch on the power supply, I don't know if the booting process is same for AT power supplies) Once you press the power button, signal goes from motherboard to power supply to start it. Once power supply starts providing power, motherboard waits for for power supply to stabilize. It should normally take less than a second for it to stabilize, but if the capacitors are bad, it may take several on/off cycles for them to fully charge and start providing stable enough power for motherboard to start booting the computer.
It could be that the bad capacitors are on the motherboard itself, but I think that it's a fault related to PSU.
Unfortunately, it's not going to be easy to repair the issue in an economically justifiable manner. Some options are to replace motherboard or PSU depending on which is broken (you'd need a working PSU to determine that). The problem with that solution is that motherboards of that time are very rave now, so it may be difficult to find compatible motherboard. Other option is related to power supply. If it is ATX power supply, as I suspect it to be, you are either going to need to find old ATX power supply using ATX 1.x standard or buy a high end new power supply and hope that it can provide power to old computer. The problem is that in old ATX power supplies, 3.3V and 5V lines were used to supply most of the power to the system. In new ATX 2.x power supplies, 12V lines are used to provide most of the power to the system.
Another option which may be better that first to is to replace the capacitors, if they are the problem. The problem with this option is that you need to find experienced technician who will replace the capacitors. New capacitors themselves probably won't be very expensive, but technician may charge a lot for his services.
To check if I'm right about capacitors, open the computer case and take a look at them. If they look like something from this article, it's probably them.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Health Policy & Research Analyst Intern
Applications have closed
Center for Global Health Practice and Impact Georgetown University (Eswatini)
AnalystHealthcareManagementPublic HealthResearch
Company Social Profile
GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY CENTER FOR GLOBAL HEALTH PRACTISE & IMPACT- ESWATINI INTERNSHIP OPPORTUNITY
About CGHPI
The Georgetown University Center for Global Health Practice and Impact (CGHPI) serves countries to improve their population health and well-being and to safeguard against health-related threats by advancing the use of evidence and human-centered enterprise architecture on the path towards achieving equity and social justice. To achieve this mission, we catalyze the uptake, spread, and implementation of innovations; triangulate data from different sources, and tailor visualization of the information for each audience; design and implement integrated service delivery models; support communities of practice to inform policy and practice through efficient data use and horizontal and vertical collaboration; disseminate best practices and evidence globally through open source learning networks; build global, collaborative, multi-disciplinary, and interprofessional networks; undertake research that is informed by local needs; and invest in local leadership to own, provide oversight, and sustain implemented interventions.
Job Location: Mbabane, Eswatini
Reports to: Country Resident Director
Job Overview:
Under the direction of the Country Resident Director, the Policy and Research Analyst Intern will conduct research, surveys and analyses; compiles and organizes data; and uses new and existing data sources to prepare, enter, arrange and display data in a meaningful and useful format for various stakeholders. The incumbent will prepare policy studies, papers written analysis, policy memos, fact sheets, comments on proposed regulations, and other materials.
Specific Responsibilities
Conducts background policy research and analysis to support existing policies, proposals for new bodies of work; synthesizes research findings to identify and recommend best practices.
Extracts, collects and aggregates data across databases, information sources, survey responses, and other data sources; ensures data quality; cleans and checks exiting data for consistency and accuracy.
Develops data visualizations for diverse audiences and develops, formats, and prepares reports, charts, and/or graphs for varying documents and written and oral presentations for
Contributes professional expertise and experience concerning health policy.
Required Qualifications and Competencies
Masters Degree in Public Health or any other relevant qualification
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Public Health or Health Policy and Management an added advantage
Must be able to work independently and must have the ability to exercise discretion and independent judgment regarding matters of significance.
Exceptional time management skills required and an ability to complete tasks in a timely and efficient manner, without prompting, both independently and collaboratively.
Must be able to resolve difficult problems, use analytical judgement, and must be able to process a high volume of accurate, detailed, and quality work product with an unsurpassed attention to detail.
Resourcefulness and ability to work proactively – thinking ahead.
Advanced writing and editing skills; varies writing style as needed.
Must maintain a strict code of ethics in working with highly confidential data.
Instructions for Submitting Application:
All applications should be submitted electronically to cghpieswatini@georgetown.edu
Include position applying for in subject.
Applications should include an academic transcript of the most recently acquired qualification.
All applications should include a cover letter that details one's suitability for the job highlighting key functional areas, expected qualifications and experiences.
Candidates should attach a 5-page CV/Resume that highlights one's key achievements in areas relevant to the job.
Deadline for application is January 27, 2023. Applications received after the deadline will not be considered.
Georgetown University Center for Global Health Practice and Impact through its local entity Georgetown Global Health is an equal opportunity employer and encourages all qualified persons to apply regardless of gender, ethnicity, or any other status variable.


Midnapore (Medinipur) is the headquarters of Paschim Medinipur District, West Bengal State.
To explore map of Midnapore (Medinipur) in detail you can change scale.
Press "Photo" button to see travel photos of Midnapore (Medinipur) on the map.


The prison gate was built in 1375 as part of the first city wall around the city of Lier. This gate is the only remaining part of the oldest defensive wall. It originally had 5 inner gates. From the 16th century to 1930 the gate serves as a prison, hence the current name. The bars on the windows still refer to this old function.
The 'Gevangenenpoort' (prison gate), was formerly called 'Eeckelpoort' or 'Eikelpoort' The gate is build in a Gothic style, later it adapted with classicistic features (± 1728).
On the side of 'Begijnhofstraat' the original pointed arch was preserved. On both sides there is a sanctuary with the statues of St. Roch and St. Margarita. In 1980 the building was protected as a monument and as a cityscape. Since 2009, two of the three spaces have been leased by the city to a hotel operator.
You can find the prison gate at this address: Zimmerplein 2, Lier.


Nesterly was accepted into Grand Central Tech's year-long residency along with 19 other pre-Series A companies in NYC covering industries from energy, mental health, e-commere, and biotech to adtech and food.
The residency will provide us with growth resources, free workspace, and access to a world-class peer founder community.
We're excited to meet our cohort and proud to be among a class with 40 percent women founders and CEOs!


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Blog Competitions English Premier League Top 5 contenders for the Premier League Golden Boot next season
Top 5 contenders for the Premier League Golden Boot next season
venkateshhari 30 July, 2017 Arsenal, Blogroll, Chelsea, English Premier League, General Football News, Manchester City, Manchester United, Site News, Tottenham
The race for the Golden Boot in the Premier League next season is going to be very enticing indeed. In the running are some old faces and some new. Arsenal and Chelsea have spent big on marksmen overseas, while Manchester United have splashed the cash on a tried and tested goalscorer in England.
All in all, the route to be crowned top scorer is going to be fiercely contested. We take a look at 5 strikers who are almost surely going to be in the thick of. The performances of these players could lead to not only individual accolades, but also help their teams challenge for the title.
1) Harry Kane (Tottenham Hotspur)
It would be foolish to start with anyone other than Harry Kane, the winner of the Golden Boot in each of the past two campaigns. The Englishman scored 7 goals in the last two games of last season to end the campaign with 29 Premier League goals. He bettered his tally of 25 from the previous season, and it wouldn't be surprising if he touches the 30-mark this year.
A lethal and clinical finisher, Kane suits Spurs' open, attacking style of football perfectly. It is no wonder that he get so many chances in front of goal, most of which he takes. At just 24, he has 78 Premier League goals in total. He is undoubtedly the most legitimate threat to Alan Shearer's record of 260, which at the moment looks unassailable for any striker.
Kane is surely one of the heaviest favourites to win the Golden Boot again this season to make it a fantastic treble. He has shown no signs of slowing down and is only starting to hit his prime. If he can stay fit for the majority of the season, he's going to take some stopping.
2) Romelu Lukaku (Manchester United)
Romelu Lukaku didn't know what hit him last year, when Kane's blitzkrieg in the last two gameweeks pushed the then-Everton man into second place. Now at Manchester United following a transfer worth £75 million, the Belgian will hope to go one better. He is replacing Zlatan Ibrahimovic as the number 1 striker at Old Trafford, and will therefore get a lot of opportunities to score.
United struggled to find a way past teams in the bottom half last season, while Lukaku was ruthlessly efficient against such sides. It does seem like a match made in heaven. The former Chelsea man scored 25 league goals last season, marking the first time he surpassed the 20-goal mark in the competition. Like Kane, his best years are still ahead of him. If United are to challenge for the title, he will have to shine.
3) Sergio Aguero (Manchester City)
An ever-present among the candidates over the last few seasons, it is remarkable that Sergio Aguero has won the Golden Boot award only once. The Argentine has been the most prolific goalscorer in English football over the past 6 seasons, netting 20 or more in 4 of them. This is despite his fair share of injury problems.
Now 29, Aguero hasn't shown too many signs of slowing down. Man City are expected to be right among the mix next season, and their star striker will play a huge role. He will, of course, share the goalscoring responsibilities with Gabriel Jesus, the young Brazilian who Pep Guardiola is big on.
The major expectations though, will still be from Aguero. If he can stay fit for 30 games or more, it is almost a given that he will score at least 20-25 goals. That will be a huge fillip to City's title bid, and also his individual quest to be the top goalscorer.
4) Alexandre Lacazette (Arsenal)
Arsenal's club record signing from France has a phenomenal record. In the past 3 seasons, Alexandre Lacazette scored a whopping 77 goals in Ligue 1 with Lyon. Despite the French league not being as competitive as the one in England, that is a pretty incredible return.
He also looks like a perfect fit at the Emirates Stadium. Arsenal have been missing an out-and-out goalscorer since Robin van Persie's departure in 2012, and with service from the likes of Mesut Ozil and Alexis Sanchez (if he stays), Lacazette could thrive. At 26, he is also in the prime of his career. The Gunners could have a legitimate chance of challenging for the title if the former Lyon man can play a starring role up front, with Sanchez and Ozil offering a support cast nothing short of world-class.
5) Alvaro Morata (Chelsea)
A real dark horse in the Golden Boot race, Alvaro Morata became Chelsea's club record signing when he joined from Real Madrid last week. The Spaniard played a minimal role off the bench during his stints at both Juventus and Madrid. At Stamford Bridge, he will be replacing Diego Costa as the main man up front. Costa didn't win the Golden Boot during his time at Chelsea, but netted 20 or more in both the 2014/15 and 2016/17 seasons, when the Blues won the league.
Morata has shown a knack of scoring important goals in the past. His 15 goals in 26 appearances (mostly off the bench) at the Santiago Bernabeu last year won Real Madrid 13 points. At Chelsea, his job is going to involve a lot more responsibility.
Spanish Liga to file a complaint against PSG over Neymar
West Ham odds-on favourites to sign Andre Gray
Venky
College student from Ahmedabad. Hardcore supporter of Chelsea Football Club, but quite unbiased in my articles; credit and criticism where they're due. Follow me on Twitter @venkateshiyer8
Report: Tottenham Hotspur are reluctant to meet Real Betis' £88 …
Sky Sports: Eintracht Frankfurt striker Sebastien Haller is on his …
Jim White: Napoli are willing to beat Arsenal's £25 million …
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What would be the wood equivalent in metric to the following framing lumber components?
I have a design that uses the following and I need to convert it to be compatible with the metric system.
Also, would you recoomend using online converters for simple conversions or are they inaccurate?
Guest wrote: What would be the wood equivalent in metric to the following framing lumber components?
A 2 x 4 starts at 2" x 4" but it's rough lumber. Smooth 'em down 1/4" on each side and they're 1-1/2" x 3-1/2". Actually, I believe the lumber mills "fudge" a little (lot) as 1/4" on each side is a lot of saw dust.
A 4 x 4 is actually 3-1/2" x 3-1/2"
I'm guessing the metric equivelent of a 2 x 4 would be 5.08 cm x 10.16 cm? I'll ask for one of these next time I go into Lowe's and see what kind of look I get!
As far as online converters, I haven't used one that was inaccurate. However, some of the material calculators I've seen leave a lot to be desired as they're dependant on a specific type or density of material, which usually isn't noted.


Being financially prepared means many different things to different people. For some people, they worry about natural disasters and struggle with the decision whether to pay for additional home insurance to protect themselves. Maybe for you retirement is a large concern. And there are a plethora of other reasons why you want to be financially stable, whether it's because of a baby on the way, a medical emergency or simply the ability to be able to go on vacation.
Whatever the reason, there are steps that you can take to ensure you are financially prepared for when push comes to shove. There are always options to secure funding in times of necessity, whether this means taking out a signature installment loan or turning to some other credit line. And while these options are available to assist you when you need it (and there are many instances in which you will), it is also a good idea for you to take financial preparation into your own hands.
Having a savings account or some type of reserve fund in the event it is necessary is not an easy thing to just put together. For most people, having a resource like this will take years to accumulate and a great deal of discipline. However, when the alternative is being financially under prepared when you need it most, the years of hard work will certainly be worth it.
Saving money is always easier when you do not have debt to continually chip away at. Paying off debt should be the first step you take to creating financial stability. This doesn't mean you can't save some money while paying down the debt, but as a guideline the debt payments should be larger than the sums going into the savings account. Once debt is paid off, then you should use that freed up money and put it toward the emergency fund.
While you might assume that damages from floods and hurricanes are covered under homeowner's insurance, this is often not the case. In fact, according to U.S. News & World Report, a survey of 1,200 adults revealed that about half of homeowners didn't know the precise coverage of their home insurance policy.
Natural disaster such as floods, earthquakes and hurricanes require their own policy, or cost additional when included in a standard policy. If living in an area that comes with high risk of natural disasters, it is in your best interest to ensure your policy covers the events you want, even if this means spending a bit on monthly payments. You can always reevaluate your finances to make this work, and you should to be prepared.
When you have money, you want to spend it. There is little argument to that. However, this is not always in your best interest. You should establish a monthly limit worth of "free spending" and use the rest for bills and saving. The emergency fund is not going to grow itself so it helps to prioritize spending categories. According to the American Preppers Network, you should pay for items that are necessary, such as home repairs or medical expenses, and put the rest into a savings fund.
Though it sounds obvious, it's worth noting that you cannot step into retirement without financial backing. And while many retirees will receive income from previous employment, this does not account for adjustments in living costs, such as inflation. Additionally, with many young people resorting to self-employment or freelance work, a source of retirement income is no longer guaranteed, as they don't have a steady income or aren't being provided retirement by a company. This means it is up to the individuals to prepare for themselves.
Keep track of your finances so they don't away from you.
Savings accounts are not the same across the board, and some allow money to generate more interest the longer it sits there. According to New Enterprise Associates, you should speak with your bank or financial advisor regarding appropriate options for retirement savings accounts, such as a Roth IRA. As long as money is sitting in an account, it might as well be growing.
These are not the only methods for preparing for an emergency, but they will certainly give you a head start. There are always options regarding personal loans when you need help fast, but if an emergency fund is in place, you might not have to turn to a loan, or at least can apply for a smaller loan that will be easier to pay back. Additionally, being prepared by having a fund in place will reduce stress and help you have more confidence in both your budgeting and spending.


Georgia Tech (GT) is pioneering a completely new approach to the teaching of computer science that school officials hope will renew interest in a flagging field and better prepare students for the challenges of the 21st-century workplace. Already, the program has resulted in a 20-percent increase in enrollment in its first year of implementation. Dubbed "Threads," the program shuns a traditional degree in favor of a more personalized approach–one that aims to make every course students enroll in, either inside or outside their major field of study, more relevant to their professional aspirations. Officials at the school's nationally recognized College of Computing, where the Threads program launched in late September, say the move is critical in meeting the demands of a changing marketplace. As developing nations such as India and China up the ante for skilled workers in the technology-driven 21st century, project organizers say, the nation's schools and colleges have a responsibility to ensure that America's academic talent maintains its competitive edge.
The problem has proved especially vexing for educators in the field of computer science, many of whom have seen their enrollments taper off significantly since the dot-com market collapsed nearly a decade ago, according to GT computer-science professor Charles Isbell.
With the goal of bringing students back into the fold, Isbell and his colleagues within GT's College of Computing created the Threads program–a curriculum based on eight sets of broad and horizontally focused skill categories, or "threads," that lie within and outside the computing discipline. These are: (1) Computational Modeling, where computing meets and describes the world; (2) Embodiment, where computing meets the world; (3) Foundations, where computing meets itself; (4) Information Internetworks, where computing meets data; (5) Intelligence, where computing meets and models intelligence; (6) Media, where computing meets design; (7) People, where computing meets users; and (8) Platforms, where the practical skills of computing are learned. Students who enroll in the program are required to choose two threads, each of which contains a different set of courses that can be intertwined to eventually earn a Bachelor of Science degree in computer science.
"We should be thinking from the very beginning about the types of [electives] outside of computer science that students should be taking," explained Isbell.
For instance, if a student has an interest in computing as a tool for monitoring human behavior, then he or she also should be taking general psychology courses or psycho-physics classes, he said. Under the Threads program, both core courses and electives are categorized to offer a better sense of direction and purpose.
Project developers hope the system will equip students with a broader range of skills, thus making them more attractive to future employers.
"Threads represents a tremendous departure from current thinking about computer-science education–historically a vertically oriented curriculum whose goal is the creation of students with a fixed set of skills and knowledge," said Richard A. DeMillo, the John P. Imlay, Jr., Dean of the College of Computing at Georgia Tech. "Computer science as a discipline is an increasingly broad spectrum. Threads gives students the power to select where they want to be in this spectrum and to take ownership of their career trajectories." To help students understand the options available to them, the university plans to start a program called Freshman Leap, a required course for incoming freshmen that meets once a week throughout their first semester. Each week, the class will be taught by a new professor specializing in a different thread. It's the job of faculty members to explain the different learning tracks and help students decide what types of threads they ultimately will pursue, said Isbell.
The program, mentioned in the latest edition of New York Times columnist Thomas Friedman's best-selling book, The World is Flat, reportedly is gaining the attention of other colleges and universities.
"A lot of institutions have come to us with an interest in the program," acknowledged Isbell.


1. Huge 10-20 Foot illuminated Santa Claus inflatable, Lighted Inflatable Yard Decoration, built-in self inflating pump that plugs into any outlet and Self inflates in minutes, a zipper used to release the air for teardown or nightly naps, Collapses quickly for easy storage.
2. Weather resistant, flame retardant, UV-protection, and color fade resistant., Spot clean with water and mild detergent, do not bleach; line dry; do not iron.
3. Free Blower included - simply plug this decoration in and it inflates and lights up in just a few minutes.
Notice: This product 'Inflatable Christmas Santa' is supplied by Air-Gape Inflatable Gift & Toy Workshop,welcome to contact for more information.we'll give you a good price.


Your trip to Rome will almost certainly include at least one day spent in Vatican City, the city-state located within, and surrounded by,Rome. Vatican City, or simply The Vatican, is the world's smallest country and it's home to the Pope. Here you will find the most important church in Christendom, Saint Peter's Basilica, as well as some of the world's greatest artistic treasures, including the Sistine Chapel. Click on the links to find out more about each attraction.
Built over what is considered the site of St. Peter's martyrdom, Saint Peter's Basilica is the largest church in the world, a treasure trove of art, and the resting place of many former popes. Visitors flock to Saint Peter's Basilica during religious holidays, such as Christmas and Easter, when the pope performs special masses at the Basilica.
The Basilica is free to visit, but it is usually very crowded, and there can be long lines to enter. The best time to go is early morning. Note that visitors who are not dressed in the appropriate attire will not be allowed entry into the basilica (no shorts, mini-skirts, or sleeveless shirts). The cupola, accessed by stairs or an elevator, can be visited for a fee. Also worth seeing is the crypt below Saint Peter's, which contains the tombs of dozens of popes, including John Paul II and Saint Peter himself.
Piazza San Pietro, or Saint Peter's Square, is one of the best-known squares in Italy. This grand piazza unfolds at the end of Rome's Via della Conciliazione in front of Saint Peter's Basilica. It was designed by Roman artist Gianlorenzo Bernini in 1656 and has an elliptical shape. There are 140 statues atop the colonnades and 2 large fountains in the square.
The vast square is where lines form to enter Saint Peter's. It also provides some unforgettable photo ops. The Pope holds regular Papal General Audiences on Wednesday mornings in Saint Peter's Square. While there is no cost to attend, tickets to the Papal Audience are mandatory.
The huge complex that is the Vatican Museums holds some of the most famous pieces of art in the world, including works by Raphael and Michelangelo, as well as art and artifacts from ancient Egypt, ancient Greece, and the Roman Empire. These artworks were collected by Popes throughout the ages. Must-see highlights include the Raphael Rooms (Stanze di Raffaello), which were once the private apartments of Pope Julius II and include the monumental School of Athens fresco.
You can avoid the (very) long entrance line by buying your ticket in advance or booking a tour. Buy Vatican Museum tickets with payment in US dollars from the Vatican Museums website. Just like with the Basilica, you won't be allowed inside unless you are dressed properly.
For other galleries within the museums, it's best to study ahead and decide what you most want to see (Roman coins, Etruscan sculptures, antique maps, etc.). Then head to these collections and resist the temptation to try to see it all–it's far too much to take in on one or even a dozen visits.
With ceiling and altar painted by Michelangelo and walls frescoes painted by other Renaissance greats, the Sistine Chapel is the highlight of a visit to the Vatican Museums and one of the world's most important artistic treasures. The chapel is usually very crowded. You can avoid some of the crowd by going as soon as it opens or even better by booking a Sistine Chapel Before or After Hours Tour.
Hint: When visiting the Sistine Chapel, head to the perimeter, and hover near the benches that line the wall. When someone gets up, grab their seat. It's a lot more comfortable way to view the ceiling and wall murals, and you can sit as long as you like–within reason!
There are a number of interesting tours that can be booked either through the Vatican or from private companies. Because the complex is so big and often crowded, having a guide makes navigating the vast collections more manageable and interesting. Some museum tours have special themes that let you choose what interests you, or if you have a private guide, you can focus on what you want to see most.
Other special tours are offered, including visiting the Vatican Museums gardens or the scavi (archaeological ruins), a Behind the Scenes Vatican tour and tours of other areas of Vatican City. Or book a pre-opening or after-hours tour with The Roman Guy tour company.


Still sticking to the slasher movie rules set up in the first Scream, that means a sequel is unavoidable.
Two years have passed, and a Ghostface copycat killer resurrects the bad memories to terrorize the now college student Sidney (Campbell) and her (surviving) friends.
Amid the whodunnit plot twists, there's a lot of violence and bad humour.
A lot of Wes Craven's Nancy character from Nightmare On Elm Street filters into the surviving Sidney character.


Q&A: 8x8 Partner, Craig Weir, Ingram Micro Cloud | 8x8, Inc.
In today's 8x8 community Q&A we chat with Craig Weir from Ingram Micro Cloud. He is the director of cloud portfolio responsible for all Saas cloud solutions. We last saw Craig ringing the opening bell at NYSE with our customers and 8x8 CEO Vik Verma (featured above in the top left corner) – quite the experience! In this Q&A, Craig shares with us the latest happenings at Ingram Micro Cloud and his thoughts on customer experience. Enjoy!
RK: Could you give a brief introduction touching on your role at Ingram Micro?
CW: Personally, I'm a proud Canadian that commutes to our Buffalo campus on a daily basis. I'm the Director of Cloud Portfolio, responsible for all SaaS Cloud solutions at Ingram Micro. I've been with Ingram for 11 years and up until June'18, I was the Dir. of Cisco Global Business. I'm responsible for the overall strategy and sales execution of our SaaS business, leading a team of 45 people that focuses on partner recruitment and expansion, helping them build and grow their cloud practice.
RK: How is Ingram Micro positioned in the enterprise communication ecosystem?
CW: Ingram Micro is the largest IT Distributor and solutions provider in the world and we view cloud not just as a single technology, but as a foundational platform to run and drive a whole new way of doing business. Partners come to us to manage their hardware, software, and cloud consumed services because we offer an amazing customer experience. We are currently in the third wave of enterprise communication, moving customers away from legacy on-premise and point solutions in the cloud to a single integrated cloud platform for both unified communications and contact center. Ingram Micro and 8x8 have an incredible opportunity to help companies lead in the third wave of communication.
RK: How do employees benefit when companies move their communications systems to the cloud?
CW: Exceptional customer experience is my short answer. It really comes down to how we can collectively impact user experience and simplify the complex. Yes, employees gain productivity, become more flexible and agile in how they work and collaboration becomes easier, but it always comes back to the experience. When tools positively impact a user on a daily basis, everyone wins and we've made a difference.
RK: How does it improve the customer experience?
CW: The promise of technology is making our lives easier and more enjoyable, but we often don't realize this and instead we are left with complexity and noise. Consumer expectations are high and their expectations are often very different from the realities of what they experience in the office. Moving your communication systems to the cloud enables the convergence of web, video, mobile, chat, and audio to give that user the experience they deserve and often demand. That's why I am excited about 8x8's X Series.
iPhone or Android? iPhone but I'm a Microsoft Surface guy when it comes to my notebook/tablet.
If you weren't in the cloud industry, what would you be doing? Probably a carpenter…. Home Depot is my favorite store.
Note: Ingram Micro Cloud was a sponsor of our 8x8 The Experience is Everything events hosted in San Francisco, Chicago, New York and London.


With an entertaining fifth season of the Michelin Ginetta GT4 Supercup now in the record books, The Checkered Flag have crunched the numbers to see how the 2015 action affected all the key statistics on the championship's history so far.
Carl Breeze continues to be ever-present in the support category, competing in every single race so far of the Supercup era. That longevity means he holds clear leads in the standings for more race wins and podium finishes, while he usurped Tom Ingram for most pole positions this season.
2015 champion Tom Oliphant continued the record that each Supercup champion has carded at least twenty podium finishes in their title-winning season, while he also sits near the top of the leaderboards for fastest laps and race wins in a season.
Reece Somerfield became the second driver after Breeze to join the 100 club for race starts during the Brands Hatch GP season finale, with Jamie Orton and Colin White just missing out on that milestone this year – whilst Will Burns and Oliphant reached the half-century.
The stats that remain untouchable to present are Ingram's stunning fifteen fastest laps in a season, Tom Sharp's prolific run of 20 wins in 54 races for a winning percentage of 37%, and Charlie Robertson's qualifying dominance of six pole positions in a season.
For statistics on the G50 class between 2011 and 2013, check out our previous statistics run-down here.