text:
Interstitium är det lilla utrymme som bildas mellan cellerna. Interstitium fylls huvudsakligen med interstitialvätska, som bildas när vätska pressas ut ur kapillärerna. Interstitialvätskan diffunderar in i det lymfatiska systemet. Vävnadsvätskan fungerar som volymbuffert, exempelvis vid kraftig blödning, då vätska går in i blodomloppet genom osmos och minskar risken för cirkulationssvikt. Vätskan har fler funktioner, som till exempel att lokalt underlätta transport av olika ämnen, att skydda vid deformation.
Det har diskuterats om interstitium skall räknas som ett organ, och om det skulle vara så skulle det vara människokroppens största organ.

Cellbiologi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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The Little Gym of Dulles Landing
Dulles , VA 20166
Set as Your Location Set as My Location
Pre-K Gymnastics
Grade School Gymnastics
Sports Skills
WonderKids Club
Parties & Camps Parties & Camps
More Fun More Fun
Parents' Survival Night
Let's Build, Let's Play
Who we are atThe Little Gym of Dulles Landing
The Little Gym of Dulles Landing is owned and operated by Chad and Tiffany Mussmon. Their love for children and passion for The Little Gym program has allowed them to open this new location in Loudoun County. With over 20 years of continual operation in Loudoun County Chad and Tiffany are excited to open and serve the Dulles South Community. Loudoun County residents and parents of five children, their kids were only babies when they began this journey all of those years ago.
Daily leadership is handled by Gym Director, Linsday Warwick and Program Director Graham Warwick. The Leadership Team and each member of Team Dulles Landing, teach the one of a kind classes helping children learn, succeed and have fun.
The Little Gym of Dulles Landing strives to grow a child's gymnastic, dance and balance and coordination skills in addition to helping our younger members reach important developmental milestones in our parent/child classes. Call us today at 703-327-3800 to join our The Little Gym family and to give your child The Little Gym advantage.
Ms. LindsayMs. Lindsay
Lindsay began as a Director for The Little Gym of Dulles Landing in August 2015. She grew up near Indianapolis, Indiana & graduated with a Bachelor of Science in Psychology and Minor in Social Work from The University of Southern Indiana. She was on the University of Southern Indiana Dance team. She specializes in teaching Parent-Child classes and loves educating and assisting parents in their child's development.
Miss GrahamMiss Graham
Miss Graham joined The Little Gym family in November, 2015. She graduated from Purdue University with a B.S in Human Development & Family Studies. Following graduation she interned & worked at Peterson Air Force Base in Colorado Springs as a Preschool Teacher and Researcher. Graham has lots of energy & specializes in working with our Pre-K classes at The Little Gym. She loves dolphins, traveling & anything outdoors!
Miss SarahMiss Sarah
Miss Sarah joined The Little Gym Family in 2015 & specializes in Grade School & Pre-K gymnastics classes. As a former gymnast, she enjoys teaching the sport she loves. She likes to create a positive environment where kids can have "Serious Fun" & build confidence! She believes all children can benefit from being physically active & gymnastics is a great foundation for it. She enjoys the outdoors & dancing!
Miss AshleighMiss Ashleigh
Miss Ashleigh started with us at The Little Gym in February 2016! She is currently a high school Junior and volunteers in an Early Childhood Class at school. She is also involved in tutoring in her spare time. She loves witnessing the excitement our students feel in gymnastics classes and is ready to help make a difference!
Follow the choo-choo train!
Fun in the gym with the Do-It-All-Ball!
Building super strength!
Making new memories to cherish!
The parachute is everyone's favorite!
Practicing balance and poise!
Some steady first steps!
Practicing on the balance beam with a Steady Head friend!
Our Philosophy of Three Dimensional Learning
The Little Gym of Dulles Landing, our environment is fun, but our purpose is serious. That's why we embrace a proprietary philosophy called Three-Dimensional Learning, in which physical activity is a conduit for nurturing your whole child. The Three-Dimensional Learning approach to skill development means that every class we offer fosters growth in three holistic dimensions—Brain Boost!, Get Moving! and Citizen Kid!. Read on to see how each dimension of learning helps your child grow into a well-rounded, well-adjusted super kid.
Developing flexibility, strength, balance and coordination through varied physical activities
Nurturing listening skills, concentration and decision-making that benefits your child well beyond the gym
Citizen Kid
Promoting sharing, teamwork, cooperation and leadership through spending time with your kid's friends and peers
40 Years of Serious Fun
An innovative educator, musician and kinesiologist, Robin Wes envisioned a nurturing place where children could explore their physical development, while also growing socially, emotionally and intellectually. He opened the first The Little Gym in 1976 in Bellevue, Washington and infused those early classes with the same positive, non-competitive spirit that characterizes us today. Forty years later, children at The Little Gym of Dulles Landing experience the benefits of Serious Fun.
We're proud of
We've teamed up with some of the most respected names in children's toys and entertainment to enrich the experience of classes, parties, camps and more at The Little Gym.
The Little Gym is the exclusive childhood development center home to LEGO®-based activities. Look for special LEGO® DUPLO® and LEGO® Juniors® building experiences in "Let's Build, Let's Play" Parent/Child events, WonderKids Club, Awesome Birthday Bash parties, Camps and Parents' Survival Nights!
LEGO, the LEGO logo, and DUPLO are trademarks and/or copyrights of the LEGO Group. ©2015 The LEGO Group. All rights reserved.
The Little Gym and Peppa Pig have teamed up to create a one-of-a-kind Awesome Birthday Adventure for an oinktastic cause! On behalf of every party booked, The Little Gym will be making contributions to support The Muddy Puddles Project's mission to end childhood cancer. Jump on over…It's going to be a muddy good time!
Peppa Pig © Astley Baker Davies Ltd / Entertainment One UK Ltd 2003.
The Little Gym Big Hearts has partnered with SeriousFun Children's Network, a global community of camps and programs that serve children coping with serious illnesses and their families.
Toys & Music
The Little Gym Active
The fun doesn't have to stop when class is over! Bring Serious Fun home with The Little Gym Active Toys & Music!
The latest from
The Little Gym Blog
brain-boost
5 Brain Boosting Toddler Activities
get-moving
5 Tips for Keeping Kids Safe Near Water
Follow The Little Gym of Dulles Landing
Spread The Word. Share The Love
If you're like most parents, you'll be a part of The Little Gym family for the next several years. So why not share the love and invite your friends to join the family too?
Invite Friends On Your
Or Invite Your Friends
So much fun they'll nap so hard.
I thought you might want to join me at The Little Gym!
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© 2019, The Little Gym of Dulles Landing is individually owned and operated by Kid Power Arlington, LLC.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Stable base and chemical resistant.
Professional sprayer based on our exclusive multi-purpose, double-action trigger sprayer. It not only sprays when the trigger is pressed but also when released! The sprayer is designed specifically for cleaning professionals and manual car washes for cleaning mirrors, windows, upholstery, vehicle windshields and windows. The professional advantage of this sprayer is Viton® seals that provide excellent resistance to aggressive chemicals and detergents.
Cleaning professionals value the Mercury Pro+ sprayers for their convenience and ease of use with double-action trigger saving effort for the cleaning professional. The adjustable nozzle allows for pinpoint spraying to fine misting plus everything between. Made from durable, chemically resistant materials, the sprayer also includes an integrated fluid filter and a translucent bottle with an embossed scale for easy determination of fluid level.


What was the FBI's game in telling them to do that? Why didn't they have a phalanx of agents in place, ready to stop the attack? Or did they want the attack to succeed, so that Barack Obama's vow that "the future must not belong to those who slander the prophet of Islam" would be vividly illustrated, and intimidate any other Americans who might be contemplating defending the freedom of speech into silence?
We twice asked the clueless and corrupt FBI for an investigation into this matter. They ignored us. Of course. After all, it isn't as if this happened to someone important, like Linda Sarsour.
A federal judge has dismissed a lawsuit by a security guard who was injured during a 2015 terror attack by ISIS radicals in Garland, Texas. Bruce Joiner alleged the FBI was liable, arguing the bureau had prior knowledge of the impending violence and had even helped incubate the idea with attackers, but then failed to stop it.
Joiner was shot in the lower leg after Elton Simpson and Nadir Soofi opened fire at a perimeter checkpoint at the Curtis Culwell Center in Garland, where inside "The First Annual Muhammad Art Exhibit and Contest" was taking place.
ISIS later claimed responsibility, marking the first time the terror group ever carried out an attack on U.S. soil. Simpson and Soofi were fatally shot within yards of where their attack began.
Documents released through other court cases, however, revealed how close the FBI was to the action of the attack, which has since drawn media and congressional scrutiny.
Additionally, the undercover agent was in a separate car directly behind Simpson and Soofi when they opened fire and had been taking pictures of the attackers' car just seconds before the shooting began.
When the first shots were fired, the undercover agent fled his own vehicle, but was apprehended by local police, at which point the agent told police he was undercover with the FBI.
Joiner claimed the FBI was liable for his injury and was seeking millions in damages but has consistently maintained that his lawsuit was about getting information from the bureau to uncover the full extent of their actions leading up to the attack.
Joiner and Roberts went further in their court filing, alleging a cover up at the highest levels of the FBI.
Roberts did not respond to requests for comment for this article, including questions as to whether any kind of appeal might be pursued.
The Department of Justice and the FBI were invoking government immunity for their defense.
Judge Karen Gren Scholer in the Northern division of U.S. District Court delivered her ruling on the Friday before Christmas.
As the case progressed in 2017, the DOJ lawyers representing the FBI had asked the judge to delay discovery in the case until a ruling on dismissal had been provided. Therefore, another consequence of Scholer's ruling is that Joiner did not receive any additional documentation from the bureau about their activities leading up to the attack, and the odds of ever obtaining any additional information from the FBI now seem slim or nonexistent.
In March of last year, the undercover agent testified against the ringleader of the entire attack, Erick Jamal Hendricks. The testimony came under highly unusual circumstances where the agent appeared on the stand under a light disguise and using a pseudonym, and the courtroom was cleared except for attorneys, jury members, and essential court members.
In that testimony, the agent said he did not have advance knowledge of the attack, and was surprised when the shooting began….


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Pro-Radiance Cream Cleanser: Warm into the palms and then massage into dry skin, with light circular movements and until the cleanser has warmed and loosened. Leave for 1 minute to dissolve make-up and grime. Remove with a warm cotton cleansing mitt. Pat face dry with a clean towel.
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Founded in 1919, Fenner & Beane, LP. is a UK based private investment firm, staffed and organized to respond quickly to investment opportunities in a variety of sectors. We work with different family offices, as well as their affiliated investment entities, trusts and charitable foundations, and executive of these affiliates. We are devoted to the expansion and preservation of family wealth. We are actively engaged in a continuous investment program of acquiring companies with strong balance sheets, experienced management teams and demonstrated operating results.


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9th Circuit, commercial, copyright, intellectual property, software, technology
Cisco v Arista: what next for computer programs and copyright?
Computer programs are functional, but they are also "literary works" that may be protected under copyright law. In December 2016, Arista Networks defended itself against a $335 million copyright infringement lawsuit from Cisco Systems. Cisco is now appealing the decision.
Cisco Systems, the largest networking company in the world, is trying to prevent Arista Networks from building ethernet switches which partially rely on technology copied from Cisco. Now on appeal before Federal Court in California (9th Circuit), the legal question is whether aspects of the particular technology deserves copyright protection in the first place.
ethernet switches connect devices together on a network
Copyright protects creative expressions of an idea, but not the idea itself. This "idea–expression dichotomy" therefore limits the scope of copyright protection. In an earlier blog post, The Copyright Between Oceans, I explained how the scène à faire doctrine was used as a successful defence in a copyright lawsuit regarding the novel The Light Between Oceans, and its subsequent film adaptation. When scène à faire (French for "essential scene") is applied, common or typical plot developments are denied copyright protection. This means that broad themes, storylines and ideas which are common in a particular genre remain free for use by authors, screen writers, and other artists.
In the United States, computer programs are considered "literary works" under the Copyright Act, 17 U.S.C. § 101. Accordingly, scène à faire may be applied to preclude copyright protection from aspects of a computer program which are common or otherwise "dictated by practical realities." Practical realities include hardware compatibility, manufacturer design, and industry practice. Arista's defence turns on this concept.
The technology in dispute is a command-line user interface, or "CLI." Both companies acknowledge that Arista copied some of Cisco's CLI (as an aside, Court documents state that less than 5% of the CLI was copied). However, Arista successfully argued that using Cisco's "industry standard" CLI was necessary for their own software, not least because Cisco's technology is pervasive in the industry and widely popular amongst consumers.
CLI is a way to interact with a computer program, whereby the user issues commands in the form of successive lines of text, known as "command lines." (Photo).
In closing arguments at Disctrict Court, Arista's lawyer said Cisco's CLI was neither creative nor original at the time Arista copied from it, and was therefore not entitled to copyright protection. The Court agreed that Arista's technology was "constrained by functionality and pre-existing network industry protocols," and that the commands copied were "common or expected."
It's wrong for Cisco to surprise everyone in the industry by claiming intellectual property ownership of common standards and practices. And it is astonishing how far they are willing to go to protect their market position. ⸺ Kenneth Duda, Arista founder and CTO
On appeal in Federal Court, Cisco argue that the jury was incorrect to side with Arista's scènes à faire defence. Cisco are appealing on the grounds that their CIL was innovative and original when first introduced. Their CLI only became "industry standard" because it was well-written and effective. Therefore, Cisco should not be denied copyright protection simply because their technology has, over the years, become "common." Cisco also note that different words and code could have been used perform the same command functions, and that Cisco programmers were using their own "creative judgement" when writing the CLI program.
Cisco's goal remains to force Arista to cease the intentional and pervasive infringement that comes from its "culture of copying." ⸺ Mark Chandler, General Counsel for Cisco
If Arista's defence is upheld, the Court will confirm scènes à faire applies to technology that is "industry standard" at the time it was copied, even if it was innovative and creative when first published. In that instance, Cisco may be perceived as a victim of its own success: if their CLI had not become so popular, the scènes à faire defence would not apply, and Arista would likely be guilty of copyright infringement.
However, all technologies were innovative and unique at one point in time. Arista should not be prevented from competing in a market already dominated by Cisco: the elements Arista copied from Cisco's CLI were obvious, and over 40 years old. In my opinion, I consider that private enterprise benefits from increased competition. Some technologies invariably require immitation or interoperability with proprietary software through the command-line: users and competitors should not need explicit copyright permission to do so.
It's worth noting that, although I've written several software licences over the last few months, I'm by no means a software expert. When I read the various documents and amicus curiae briefs for this case, I was pleasantly surprised to see that the "techy stuff" was presented in a manner I could actually understand. If you're interested in copyright and technology, I encourage you to look into software and other technology disputes – even if you're not the computer genius my husband is!
Kelsey Farish
The UK Innovation Strategy: Learnings and reflections from 2021/2022
A lawyer walks into an art gallery…
Photograph licences: 5 things to know before you sign!


Tuesday afternoon we had American Sports Festival which was held at Moorways and saw 5 schools attend including, Cottons Farm Primary, Ashcroft Primary, Dale Primary and Silverhill with 2 teams. All of the teams played lots of games against each other and got the chance to play a sport they might normally not get to play.
Tuesday morning we were at Moorways for Athletics Plus which saw 10 schools attend including, St Georges Primary, Royal School for the Deaf, Oakwood Juniors, St Martins School, St Clares School, Chellaston Juniors, St Giles with 2 teams, Alvaston Juniors and Pear Tree Juniors. All of the teams took part in 5 different field activities including, chest push, javelin throw, bean bag throw, long jump and speed bounce. Then they took part in running races.
Tuesday we were at Derby Tennis Centre for KS1 Fitness is Fun Festival which saw 8 schools attend including, Lakeside Primary, St Werburghs Primary, Brookfield Primary, Hardwick primary, Ashcroft Primary with 2 teams, Village Primary and Silverhill Primary. All of the teams came and got involved in a really good day.
Monday morning we were at Darley Park for Cricket Plus which saw 2 schools attend including Redwood Primary and St Martins School. Both schools played lots of games in their groups and then a big game with mixed teams. All of the children had a really good day and played lots of brilliant cricket.


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Ogilvy Names Andy Main Global CEO
He replaces John Seifert, who's retiring next year
Andy Main joins Ogilvy from Deloitte Digital. Deloitte Digital
By Minda Smiley
Andy Main is joining WPP's Ogilvy as global CEO next month.
He will take over from John Seifert, who's served as global CEO for nearly five years. In April, Seifert said he plans to retire in 2021 after 41 years with the agency.
Main previously served as global head of Deloitte Digital, an eight-year-old creative consultancy. Deloitte Digital made a number of acquisitions under his leadership, most notably Heat, a San Francisco-based creative agency the company bought in 2016.
He also was named to Adweek's Power List, which recognizes top players across advertising, marketing, media and tech, in 2017 and 2018.
"Ogilvy is a name synonymous with creative and strategic excellence, and I am honored to become the company's next CEO," Main said in a statement. "We have a great opportunity to help clients deliver sustainable growth by using Ogilvy's creative genius to transform not only brands but entire businesses.
He added: "We must also be a company with a clear culture of belonging where talented people from underrepresented groups are championed and supported throughout their careers, and given the chance to reach the very highest levels of the organization."
Main added that Ogilvy will play a "full part" in implementing parent company WPP's "clear and unequivocal commitment to anti-racism." Last week, WPP CEO Mark Read said the holding company will spend $30 million over the next three years on "inclusion programs" and anti-racism charities.
Once Main officially joins in July, he and Seifert will work together on the transition throughout the remainder of the year.
"I am so grateful to have spent the past 41 years with Ogilvy," Seifert said in a statement. "I have been supported by so many generous colleagues and clients. It's been a wonderful life. Andy's personal and professional experiences could not be more relevant for the ongoing transformation of Ogilvy and WPP at a moment of extraordinary change and opportunity in our industry."
In January, Ogilvy laid off roughly 80 employees across the U.S., including chief creative officer Leslie Sims. At the time, Seifert pinned the cuts on "a challenging second half in 2019 and a cautious financial outlook for full-year 2020."
Minda Smiley
@Minda_Smiley minda.smiley@adweek.com Minda Smiley is an agencies reporter at Adweek.


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Home » Abdullah Bin Zaid Al Mahmoud Islamic Cultural Center Presents Educational Programs to Communities
Abdullah Bin Zaid Al Mahmoud Islamic Cultural Center Presents Educational Programs to Communities
Doha, January 24 (QNA) – Abdullah Bin Zaid Al Mahmoud Islamic Cultural Center of the Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs continues to provide many programs, events and activities to introduce Islamic culture, Qatari architecture and other educational and awareness programs to the communities in Qatar.
In a statement on Tuesday, the center said that within the framework of its specific programs, it launched the program "Introducing Belief in Fate and Destiny" in English, which is directed to Women Muslim communities. The program included introducing the belief in fate and destiny and its impact on the life of a Muslim. The activities of the aforementioned program for the Malabar community will continue at the end of this month.
The series of 'belief in fate and destiny' programs, in several languages, aims to enhance belief in fate and destiny in facing the various challenges of life and strengthen the spirit of believing women to enhance the faith environment at home.
The Muslim Communities Division of the Islamic Culture Department pays attention to directing awareness messages to women in general, as a full course of videos was previously presented entitled " Maker of Generations" which included a number of educational directives for mothers in dealing with children and teenagers.
The center launched legal education programs for the Telugu-speaking Indian community, with one activity for men and another for women, and the number of beneficiaries reached 38 men and women.
The Department of Introducing Islam continued its educational lessons for converts from different communities.
On the other hand, the program of tourists visiting the Imam Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab Mosque witnessed the visit of 18 Mexican tourists to the mosque.
The center conducts weekly visits for English, Spanish and Russian speakers to the Imam Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab Mosque throughout the week. The program attracts dozens of visitors and tourists every week, especially thousands of visitors during the World Cup to visit the Imam Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab Mosque.
(QNA)


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Concept: Natural environment
Exoskeletons and economics: indoor arthropod diversity increases in affluent neighbourhoods
In urban ecosystems, socioeconomics contribute to patterns of biodiversity. The 'luxury effect', in which wealthier neighbourhoods are more biologically diverse, has been observed for plants, birds, bats and lizards. Here, we used data from a survey of indoor arthropod diversity (defined throughout as family-level richness) from 50 urban houses and found that house size, surrounding vegetation, as well as mean neighbourhood income best predict the number of kinds of arthropods found indoors. Our finding, that homes in wealthier neighbourhoods host higher indoor arthropod diversity (consisting of primarily non-pest species), shows that the luxury effect can extend to the indoor environment. The effect of mean neighbourhood income on indoor arthropod diversity was particularly strong for individual houses that lacked high surrounding vegetation ground cover, suggesting that neighbourhood dynamics can compensate for local choices of homeowners. Our work suggests that the management of neighbourhoods and cities can have effects on biodiversity that can extend from trees and birds all the way to the arthropod life in bedrooms and basements.
Concepts: Evolution, Life, Species, Ecology, Natural environment, Sustainability, Biome, House
Associations of Cognitive Function Scores with Carbon Dioxide, Ventilation, and Volatile Organic Compound Exposures in Office Workers: A Controlled Exposure Study of Green and Conventional Office Environments
Environmental health perspectives
The indoor built environment plays a critical role in our overall well-being, both due to the amount of time we spend indoors (~90%) and the ability of buildings to positively or negatively influence our health. The advent of sustainable design or green building strategies reinvigorated questions regarding the specific factors in buildings that lead to optimized conditions for health and productivity.
Concepts: Carbon dioxide, Environment, Gasoline, Natural environment, Carbon, Recycling, Environmentalism, House
Evolutionary biology for the 21st century
New theoretical and conceptual frameworks are required for evolutionary biology to capitalize on the wealth of data now becoming available from the study of genomes, phenotypes, and organisms - including humans - in their natural environments.
Concepts: DNA, Gene, Natural selection, Evolution, Organism, Natural environment, 21st century, Charles Darwin
Synthetic biology and conservation of nature: wicked problems and wicked solutions
So far, conservation scientists have paid little attention to synthetic biology; this is unfortunate as the technology is likely to transform the operating space within which conservation functions, and therefore the prospects for maintaining biodiversity into the future.
Concepts: Time, Biodiversity, Evolution, Species, Ecology, Natural environment, Science, Problem solving
The relationship between atmospheric lead emissions and aggressive crime: an ecological study
Environmental health : a global access science source
Many populations have been exposed to environmental lead from paint, petrol, and mining and smelting operations. Lead is toxic to humans and there is emerging evidence linking childhood exposure with later life antisocial behaviors, including delinquency and crime. This study tested the hypothesis that childhood lead exposure in select Australian populations is related to subsequent aggressive criminal behaviors.
Concepts: Biology, Environment, Natural environment, Crime, Lead, Antisocial personality disorder, Juvenile delinquency
Configuration of the thermal landscape determines thermoregulatory performance of ectotherms
Although most organisms thermoregulate behaviorally, biologists still cannot easily predict whether mobile animals will thermoregulate in natural environments. Current models fail because they ignore how the spatial distribution of thermal resources constrains thermoregulatory performance over space and time. To overcome this limitation, we modeled the spatially explicit movements of animals constrained by access to thermal resources. Our models predict that ectotherms thermoregulate more accurately when thermal resources are dispersed throughout space than when these resources are clumped. This prediction was supported by thermoregulatory behaviors of lizards in outdoor arenas with known distributions of environmental temperatures. Further, simulations showed how the spatial structure of the landscape qualitatively affects responses of animals to climate. Biologists will need spatially explicit models to predict impacts of climate change on local scales.
Concepts: Time, Physics, General relativity, Natural environment, Space, Spacetime, Universe, Philosophy of space and time
Supplemental Feeding for Ecotourism Reverses Diel Activity and Alters Movement Patterns and Spatial Distribution of the Southern Stingray, Dasyatis americana
Southern stingrays, Dasyatis americana, have been provided supplemental food in ecotourism operations at Stingray City Sandbar (SCS), Grand Cayman since 1986, with this site becoming one of the world's most famous and heavily visited marine wildlife interaction venues. Given expansion of marine wildlife interactive tourism worldwide, there are questions about the effects of such activities on the focal species and their ecosystems. We used a combination of acoustic telemetry and tag-recapture efforts to test the hypothesis that human-sourced supplemental feeding has altered stingray activity patterns and habitat use at SCS relative to wild animals at control sites. Secondarily, we also qualitatively estimated the population size of stingrays supporting this major ecotourism venue. Tag-recapture data indicated that a population of at least 164 stingrays, over 80% female, utilized the small area at SCS for prolonged periods of time. Examination of comparative movements of mature female stingrays at SCS and control sites revealed strong differences between the two groups: The fed animals demonstrated a notable inversion of diel activity, being constantly active during the day with little movement at night compared to the nocturnally active wild stingrays; The fed stingrays utilized significantly (p<0.05) smaller 24 hour activity spaces compared to wild conspecifics, staying in close proximity to the ecotourism site; Fed stingrays showed a high degree of overlap in their core activity spaces compared to wild stingrays which were largely solitary in the spaces utilized (72% vs. 3% overlap respectively). Supplemental feeding has strikingly altered movement behavior and spatial distribution of the stingrays, and generated an atypically high density of animals at SCS which could have downstream fitness costs for individuals and potentially broader ecosystem effects. These findings should help environmental managers plan mitigating measures for existing operations, and develop precautionary policies regarding proposed feeding sites.
Concepts: Natural environment, Dasyatis, Wildlife, Stingray, Southern stingray, Cayman Islands, Grand Cayman, Dasyatidae
The macroecology of sustainability.
The discipline of sustainability science has emerged in response to concerns of natural and social scientists, policymakers, and lay people about whether the Earth can continue to support human population growth and economic prosperity. Yet, sustainability science has developed largely independently from and with little reference to key ecological principles that govern life on Earth. A macroecological perspective highlights three principles that should be integral to sustainability science: 1) physical conservation laws govern the flows of energy and materials between human systems and the environment, 2) smaller systems are connected by these flows to larger systems in which they are embedded, and 3) global constraints ultimately limit flows at smaller scales. Over the past few decades, decreasing per capita rates of consumption of petroleum, phosphate, agricultural land, fresh water, fish, and wood indicate that the growing human population has surpassed the capacity of the Earth to supply enough of these essential resources to sustain even the current population and level of socioeconomic development.
Concepts: Biodiversity, Agriculture, Ecology, Natural environment, Sustainability, World population, Carrying capacity, Environmental movement
Do changes to the local street environment alter behaviour and quality of life of older adults? The 'DIY Streets' intervention
British journal of sports medicine
BACKGROUND: The burden of ill-health due to inactivity has recently been highlighted. Better studies on environments that support physical activity are called for, including longitudinal studies of environmental interventions. A programme of residential street improvements in the UK (Sustrans 'DIY Streets') allowed a rare opportunity for a prospective, longitudinal study of the effect of such changes on older adults' activities, health and quality of life. METHODS: Pre-post, cross-sectional surveys were carried out in locations across England, Wales and Scotland; participants were aged 65+ living in intervention or comparison streets. A questionnaire covered health and quality of life, frequency of outdoor trips, time outdoors in different activities and a 38-item scale on neighbourhood open space. A cohort study explored changes in self-report activity and well-being postintervention. Activity levels were also measured by accelerometer and accompanying diary records. RESULTS: The cross-sectional surveys showed outdoor activity predicted by having a clean, nuisance-free local park, attractive, barrier-free routes to it and other natural environments nearby. Being able to park one's car outside the house also predicted time outdoors. The environmental changes had an impact on perceptions of street walkability and safety at night, but not on overall activity levels, health or quality of life. Participants' moderate-to-vigorous activity levels rarely met UK health recommendations. CONCLUSIONS: Our study contributes to methodology in a longitudinal, pre-post design and points to factors in the built environment that support active ageing. We include an example of knowledge exchange guidance on age-friendly built environments for policy-makers and planners.
Concepts: Cohort study, Longitudinal study, Research methods, Epidemiology, Environment, Cross-sectional study, Natural environment, Sociology
Political influences on greenhouse gas emissions from US states
Starting at least in the 1970s, empirical work suggested that demographic (population) and economic (affluence) forces are the key drivers of anthropogenic stress on the environment. We evaluate the extent to which politics attenuates the effects of economic and demographic factors on environmental outcomes by examining variation in CO2 emissions across US states and within states over time. We find that demographic and economic forces can in part be offset by politics supportive of the environment-increases in emissions over time are lower in states that elect legislators with strong environmental records.
Concepts: Carbon dioxide, Environment, Natural environment, Climate change, Natural gas, Greenhouse gas, Emission standard, Global warming


May 2, 2017 bnblogs, newsfeed, pbpmobile.
Jeb Bush says he approves of many of President Donald Trump's political appointments, but he's not keen on the president's approach to negotiating peace in Korea. The two-term Florida governor says Trump's rash approach is creating uncertainty — and he wishes the president would stop tweeting.
"Someone oughta grab the damn phone and stop allowing him to create this uncertainty," Bush said Tuesday at the Milken Institute's Global Conference in Los Angeles.
Bush went into the 2016 election as the Republican favorite but was vanquished by Trump, who famously mocked Jeb's "low energy." Bush said he tries to look beyond Trump's harsh words.
Bush also expressed skepticism about the border wall that is the centerpiece of Trump's immigration policy.
Bush and former New York Yankee Derek Jeter are leading a group bidding to buy the Marlins from oft-maligned owner Jeffrey Loria.
Bush seemed unconcerned about baseball's dwindling popularity.
"Every sport has to focus on the fact that millennials are very different," Bush said.


Does your employer offer a financial wellness program?
Does your workplace offer a financial wellness program?
It seems that money problems follow people everywhere they go – including to work! I like to reference Snoop Dog's lyrics here from his infamous song Gin and Juice, "I got my mind on my money" -- even while I'm on the job!
If this sounds like you-you're not alone. Would you be surprised if I told you that more people have money problems at work than you realize? It's true. American workers are struggling financially, while three out of four are living paycheck to paycheck, according to new Career Builder research. That means that three out of every four of your co-works have similar money problems as you do.
It's not enough that money problems stress us out, all of the time. They also lower our productivity while on the job and often increase the likelihood that we'll miss work. Money woes also account for our inability to save for retirement – if we don't have enough disposable income to make ends meet, how can we fund our 401k plans for retirement?
So you might ask: How can a financial wellness program offered by my employer help me with my money problems?
The good news is that once you get control of your money problems, you'll have less stress in your life. Sadly, most people just don't know where to start, but a workplace financial wellness program is a great place to start! Committing to a financial wellness program will help you acquire the skills and knowledge you need to build better money habits so that you have less stress about your money.
I know what you're thinking though. You're probably like most people and don't want anyone, especially your employer or coworkers, to know about your money problems. This is a valid concern, but it's important to understand that financial wellness programs are typically offered by a third party and are available as a benefits package. Most importantly, they remain confidential (between you and the provider). Check with your Human Resource department today and ask if your benefits package offers a financial wellness program.
Simply put, a financial wellness program will help you get control of your money so that you can enjoy life a little more with less stress.
Denise Keiser is a leader, mentor, and trainer specializing in money and housing with 20 years of experience in real estate and finance. Denise is on a mission to help people build sustainable wealth, and manage finances. She is seen on TV as the "Money Expert" for WLNS-6 Lansing's "Money Monday" where she provides weekly money tips.
Denise currently serves as the executive director of the Center for Financial Health, a Lansing-based nonprofit that inspires a lifelong commitment to financial wellness.
All of Denise's articles are available for re-publishing. Please include the above information about the author with your posting.
Evening & weekend available by appointment only.


Maxwell has always been blessed with gifts of spiritual power, but it is his presence that generates the benefit of speaking with him. He will be led to the answers you seek, and his leadership provides the gentle nudging and encouragement that will make your day, and potentially your life. He possesses a unique blend of sight and insight. Maxwell has dedicated his life to being a vessel for love and light to shine through. He can see your past, he can see your future, but with the many spiritual tools he has collected over two decades of service, he will help you enjoy and maximize your present. Maxwell can always answer your short term questions, but please take advantage of his skill to assist you with your life path, giving existence to both your solutions and your direction.


text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{intro}

CP is a discrete  transformation,
turning particules into anti-particles.
In the Lagangian,   it can
be implemented by taking  the complex conjugate
of all the coupling constants.
 So CP Violation(CPV)  can arise
when the coupling constants have unremoveable phases.
 In the  quark sector of the SM,  there is
one  such unremoveable phase, and it is observed to
be of order one.   However, if there is
new physics at the weak scale,  the non-observation
of  electric dipole moments implies
that  combinations of the new physics
phases must be small.  The origin of CP Violation
thus remains an enigma---are all coupling
constants equiped with ${\cal O}(1)$ phases, or
is CPV a particularity of the quark sector?

 A source of CPV, beyond  the phase of
the quark mixing matrix, seems required to
generate the excess of matter over anti-matter
observed in the Universe.  Some new
physics is also required to generate neutrino
masses, so the seesaw mechanism \cite{seesaw} is a
popular extension of the SM because it
naturally generates the observed small
neutrino masses and can  produce the
baryon asymmetry  via  thermal leptogenesis \cite{FY,review}.
For this to occur,  CP Violating  phases
are required in the lepton sector.

One of the major attractions of proposed
third generation neutrino beam facilities \cite{iss}
(neutrino factory, $\beta$-beam or superbeam),
is their sensitivity to the phase $\delta$ of
the lepton mixing matrix. Unfortunately
these are expensive machines.  So  it is interesting
to enquire if leptonic CP Violation can be found somewhere else.

This letter considers  the sensitivity of
 $\mu-e$ conversion  \cite{KunoOkada} to the phases
of dipole interactions (see eqn (\ref{eqn2})). This
would be ambiguous evidence for CP Violation in the
lepton sector,  because   Lepton
Flavour Violating (LFV)  processes  like
$\mu-e$ conversion require new
physics at the electroweak scale,
which  may not be the same new physics
as generates neutrino masses. For instance,
in the supersymmetric seesaw,  the
CPV phases appearing in $\mu-e$ conversion
could arise from the neutrino Yukawa couplings
via renormalisation group running, or could be
intrinsic to the  soft supersymmetry-breaking
 parameters. Nonetheless,
CPV is elusive, so any observation is interesting.

The asymmetries we are interested in
arise from  ``triple products'' of
spin and/or momentum three vectors
\cite{tp}, and  are sometimes refered to as
T-odd asymmetries. Technically, they arise
when the  $i$ from the Dirac trace  $\gamma^{\alpha} \gamma^{\beta }
\gamma^{\sigma } \gamma^{\delta} \gamma^{5} =
-4 i \varepsilon^{\alpha \beta \sigma \delta}$,
multiplies  a  CPV phase
from the coupling constants (the case
we are interested in), or   the Imaginary part of an amplitude
($eg$ induced by on-shell intermediate
particles in a loop).  Such   a ``triple product''
asymmetry could manifest itself,
for instance,   as   a forward-backward
asymmetry in  decays of a particle.
Notice that it does not require the simultaneous
presence of an phase in the amplitude and
the coupling constants, as
is required  to obtain  a difference
between the
integrated (over final
state momentum and spin)
decay rates of the particle and antiparticle
\footnote{ $S-$matrix unitarity relates
$\langle (\vec{p}_1,\vec{s}_1)... (\vec{p}_n,\vec{s}_n)
| (\vec{k}_1,\vec{s}'_1)... (\vec{k}_m,\vec{s}'_m) \rangle $
to
$\langle (\vec{k}_1,\vec{s}'_1)... (\vec{k}_m,\vec{s}'_m)
| (\vec{p}_1,\vec{s}_1)... (\vec{p}_n,\vec{s}_n) \rangle $.
$T$  transforms
$\langle (\vec{p}_1,\vec{s}_1)... (\vec{p}_n,\vec{s}_n)
| (\vec{k}_1,\vec{s}'_1)... (\vec{k}_m,\vec{s}'_m) \rangle $ $
\to $
$\langle (-\vec{k}_1,-\vec{s}'_1)... (-\vec{k}_m,-\vec{s}'_m)
| (-\vec{p}_1,-\vec{s}_1)... (-\vec{p}_n,-\vec{s}_n) \rangle $.}.

Asymmetries which are sensitive to
CPV phases, that can arise  in $\mu \to 3e$,
 are reviewed in \cite{KunoOkada}
and discussed in  \cite{CERNreport}.
Farzan \cite{Farzan} showed recently
that  CPV phases could be
measured in  $\mu \to e \gamma$,
if the  $\gamma$  and $e$ polarisation
could be measured.
Here
we focus on $\mu e$ conversion.
 The current bounds on Titanium ($Z = 22$) and
gold ($Z = 79$)  from Sindrum2 at PSI
\cite{Bertl:2006up}  are
\begin{equation}
\frac
{\Gamma( \mu {\rm Ti} \rightarrow e {\rm Ti})}
{\Gamma( \mu {\rm Ti}  \rightarrow capture)}  < 4.3 \times 10^{-12}
~~~~,~~~~~~~~
\frac
{\Gamma( \mu {\rm Au} \rightarrow e {\rm Au})}
{\Gamma( \mu {\rm Au}  \rightarrow capture)}  < 7 \times 10^{-13} ~~.
\end{equation}
Recall that the branching ratio scales $\propto Z$\cite{KunoOkada}.
There are experiments under discussion
($\mu2e$ at FermiLab\cite{Carey:2007zz},
PRISM/PRIME \cite{PP} at J-PARC) aiming for
sensitivities of $10^{-16} - 10^{-18}$.
This letter  assumes
that  the muon can be
 polarised, which is not automatic;  the possibility of
polarising the muon is discussed in
\cite{Kuno:1987dp}.

  \section{ $\mu - e$ conversion}

Consider the effective dipole interaction, between a
$\mu$, an $ e$  and a photon, described by:
\begin{equation}
-\frac{4 G_F m_\mu}{\sqrt{2}}
\overline{\mu} \sigma_{\mu \nu} (A_L P_R + A_R P_L) e F^{\mu \nu} + h.c
\label{eqn2}
\end{equation}
where $\sigma_{\mu \nu} = \frac{i}{2} [\gamma_\mu, \gamma_\nu]$,
and the potentially complex  dimensionless  coefficients $A_L$ and $A_R$
arise by integrating out   new physics
in the vertex correction \cite{dipolelh,dipolesusy,Okada2000,dipoleunpart}.
In addition of eqn (\ref{eqn2}), New Physics can induce
monopole  $(\propto q^2 \bar{\mu} A \!\! \! \!   /~ e)$ and
four-fermion interactions, which are neglected here.
In some (for instance, supersymmetric) models, the
dipole interactions are the most significant.
The interactions of eqn (\ref{eqn2})  allow the
decay of a
$\mu$ of momentum and spin $p, s_\mu$   to
an $ e$ of momentum and spin $k, s_e$, and a  $ \gamma$
 of momentum $q$.
The total branching ratio, integrated over phase space and
summed on spins, is insensitive to
the phases on $A_L$ and $A_R$:
\begin{equation}
BR (\mu \to e \gamma) = 384 \pi^2 (|A_L|^2 + |A_R|^2)
\end{equation}

To find triple products which are  sensitive to CPV phases,
consider instead the differential rate, or
better the unintegrated  $|$matrix element$|^2$,
not summed over spins. It must be Lorentz invariant.
If  one can construct  a Lorentz invariant CP-odd
combination of spins and momenta, then one could
enquire if it multiplies the  potentially
CP-odd combination $A_L A_R^*$.  If yes, then
there would be a CP  asymmetry in the differential
rate.  CP odd, Lorentz invariant combinations
of 4-vectors could be
\begin{equation}
\epsilon_{\alpha \beta \rho \sigma}
p_\mu^{\alpha}k^{ \beta} s_\mu^ \rho s_e^\sigma ~~~,~~
\epsilon_{\alpha \beta \rho \sigma}
p_\mu^{\alpha}q^{ \beta} s_\mu^ \rho s_e^\sigma
\end{equation}
These can appear in the Dirac traces,  in
the presense of a $\gamma_5$.
In the $|$matrix element$|^2$, appear
always two powers of the photon four-momentum  $q$, so the first possibility
is multiplied by $q^2 = 0$. The second
possibility does not appear.   It was recently shown by Farzan
\cite{Farzan},
that one must also include the spin of the photon,
if one wishes to find a CP asymmetry
in the $\mu \to e \gamma$ decay.  Alternatively,
one can study  the decay $\mu \to 3e$,
which has $q^2 \neq 0$, where there is an asymmetry
sensitive to the relative phase between  $A_L$ and $A_R$\cite{Farzan}
\footnote{Other  triple product asymmetries
in $\mu \to 3e$ are sensitive to other New
Physics phases\cite{Okada2000}} .
Also in $\mu -e$ conversion, $q^2 \simeq m_\mu^2$ \cite{czar}.

In $\mu - e$ conversion ~ experiments, an incident $\mu^-$ is captured
by a nucleus, then cascades down to the $1s$ state.
The muon usually turns into a neutrino, by
muon capture $\beta$ decay, or it could convert
to an electron in the presence of New Physics.
A detailed discussion of how to compute $\mu - e$ conversion ~rates,
from effective interaction including  eqn (\ref{eqn2}),
can be found in \cite{czar,Kitano}.
In the approximation that (\ref{eqn2}) is
the only interaction permitting $\mu -e$
flavour change,  the transition takes place in the electric
field of the nucleus, with a   matrix element
 \cite{Kitano}
\begin{equation}
{\cal M} ={\cal M}_L + {\cal M}_R =  -
\frac{4G_F m_\mu}{\sqrt{2}} \int d^3 x
e^{-i \vec{k} \cdot \vec{x}}
\left( A^*_L \overline u(k) 2 \sigma^{0i} E_i
P_L{\psi}_{1s}^{(\mu)}
+
 A^*_R \overline u(k) 2 \sigma^{0i} E_i
P_R{\psi}_{1s}^{(\mu)}
\right)
\end{equation}
where $\vec{E}$ is the electric field of
the nucleus, ${\psi}_{1s}^{(\mu)}$ is the
wavefunction of the muon in the $1s$ state,
and the electron has been approximated  (as in \cite{FW})
as a free plane wave  of momentum $\vec{k}$.
 This approximation
is less good for heavy nuclei \cite{czar,Kitano}.

Define
the average  over the muon wavefunction:
$$
 \int d^3 x
{\psi}_{1s}^{(\mu)} E^i  \equiv \langle E^i \rangle ~~~,
$$
then  using $2\langle E \rangle_i \sigma^{0i} =i \gamma^0 \langle E \!\! \! \!   /~ \rangle$,
 defining $\langle E \!\! \! \!   /~ \rangle^* = (\langle E \rangle^i)^*\gamma_i$
and neglecting  $m_e$, one obtains
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{|{\cal M}|^2}{8G_F^2 m_\mu^2 }& =& {\cal M}_L  {\cal M}_L^*+
{\cal M}_L^*  {\cal M}_R+
{\cal M}_L {\cal M}_R^* + {\cal M}_R {\cal M}_R^*\nonumber \\
 &
= & | A_L|^2 {\Big \{ } k \! \! \!   /~ ~ \gamma^0 \langle E \!\! \! \!   /~ \rangle  P_L
\gamma^0 P_R \gamma^0 \langle E \!\! \! \!   /~ \rangle^* {\Big \} } +
 | A_R|^2 {\Big \{ } k \! \! \!   /~ ~   \gamma^0 \langle E \!\! \! \!   /~ \rangle  P_R
\gamma^0 P_L \gamma^0 \langle E \!\! \! \!   /~ \rangle^* {\Big \} }
\nonumber \\
&&+
A_LA_R^* {\Big \{ }k \! \! \!   /~ ~
 \gamma^0 \langle E \!\! \! \!   /~ \rangle  P_R
\gamma^0 P_R \gamma^0 \langle E \!\! \! \!   /~ \rangle^* {\Big \} }
+ A_L^*A_R
 {\Big \{ }k \! \! \!   /~ ~
 \gamma^0 \langle E \!\! \! \!   /~ \rangle P_L
\gamma^0 P_L \gamma^0 \langle E \!\! \! \!   /~ \rangle^* {\Big \} }
\end{eqnarray}
 where inside curly brackets
one should take a Dirac trace.
The $A_L A_R^*$ cross terms drop out because
of the chirality
projection operators, and with  $k_0 = m_\mu$,
this gives
\begin{equation}
\Gamma =  64 \pi G_F^2 m^3_\mu  |\langle E \rangle|^2    ( |A_R|^2+ |A_L|^2)
\label{total}
\end{equation}

The conversion rate
for polarised muons and electrons, can be obtained
using   the  polarisation projection
operators:
\begin{equation}
\frac{1}{2} \left( I +   \gamma_5 s \! \! \!   /~ \right)
\end{equation}
(where $s_\alpha$ is the spin  of particle $\alpha$)
to the wavefunctions. The $A_L A_R^*$  part of
$|{\cal M}|^2$ is
\begin{eqnarray}
{\cal M}_L {\cal M}_R^* + h.c. & =
& - {2G_F^2 m_\mu^2 } {A_LA_R^*} {\Big \{ }
( I +   \gamma_5 s_e \! \!\!  \!  \!   /~)k \! \! \!   /~ ~
 \gamma^0 \langle  E \!\! \! \!   /~
 ~ P_R   ( I +   \gamma_5 s_\mu \! \!\!  \!  \!   /~  ) \rangle \gamma^0  P_R
~  \gamma^0 \langle E \!\! \! \!   /~ \rangle^*  {\Big \} }
\nonumber \\
&&-  {2G_F^2 m_\mu^2 } {A_L^*A_R}
 {\Big \{ } ( I +  \gamma_5 s_e \! \!\!  \!  \!   /~ ) k \! \! \!   /~ ~
 \gamma^0   \langle E \!\! \! \!   /~
  ~ P_L   ( I +  \gamma_5 s_\mu \! \!\!  \!  \!   /~  )  \rangle \gamma^0
~  P_L\gamma^0 \langle E \!\! \! \!   /~ \rangle^* {\Big \} }
\nonumber \\
&=& {8G_F^2 m_\mu^2 }
  {\rm Im} \{  A_LA_R^*\}
 |\langle \vec{E} \rangle|^2
\vec{s}_\mu \cdot (\vec{s}_e \times  \vec{k} )
\label{asym}
\end{eqnarray}
where  $\langle \vec{s}_\mu \cdot \vec{E} \rangle = 0$,
assuming a radial $\vec{E}$ field and all
the muons polarised.

To measure this process, suppose
 that  the muon can be polarised by polarising the
target, as suggested in \cite{Kuno:1987dp}.
Consider  a coordinate system where
 $y-z$ is the plane of the
outgoing electron and the muon polarisation:
\begin{equation}
\hat{z} = \hat{s}_\mu ~~~~~~~~ \vec{k} =
|\vec{k}| \sin \theta ~\hat{y}  +
|\vec{k}| \cos \theta ~\hat{z}
\end{equation}
Then one wishes to measure electron polarisation
in the perpendicular direction $\hat{x}$, which  means
in a cylinder aligned on
the polarisation direction of the muon.

For 100\% polarised muons,
the asymmetry between electrons polarised in
the $+ \hat{x}$ and $- \hat{x}$  direction,
normalised by the rate eqn (\ref{total}), is :
\begin{equation}
\frac{2
\int d\Omega \vec{s}_\mu \cdot( \vec{s}_e \times \hat{k})}
{4 \pi}
\frac{{\rm Im} [A_L^* A_R]}{2 (|A_L|^2 + |A_R|^2)}
\leq \frac{{\rm Im} [A_L^* A_R]}{8 (|A_L|^2 + |A_R|^2)}
\label{what}
\end{equation}
which would be maximised for extensions
of the SM that give similar, and complex,
contributions to $A_L$ and $A_R$.
The relative magnitude of $A_L$ and $A_R$
can be determined by the angular distribution
of the electron,  in $\mu \to e \gamma$, or  $\mu - e$ conversion~
providing the muon is polarised.

In summary, , Lepton Flavour Violating rates are an
important ingredient in determining
the New Physics at the TeV scale.  Experiments
are planned to improve the sensitivity of
$\mu - e$ conversion ~  on nuclei, as compared to the rate
for nuclear $\beta$ decay by muon capture,  to
$10^{-16} - 10^{-18}$. If the muon could be
polarised (and the electron polarisation
is measured), a spin asymmetry in $\mu - e$ conversion ~
is sensitive to CP violating phases. This is shown
in this letter for the case where New Physics
induces  significant dipole interactions
(see eqn (\ref{eqn2})), but other dimension
six interactions are negligeable. We plan
a more complete analysis \cite{ACD?}.

\section*{Acknowledgements}

I thank Andrzej Czarnecki and
the organisers of $\nu$-Fact 08 for motivating
me to learn about muon physics, and
A Czarnecki and N Rius for useful conversations.
This  work is supported by MEC-IN2P3 grant
IN2P3-08-05.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Home Artists Artwork Upcoming Events Exhibitions July Artist: Jon Naylor About Us Contact Press Press Releases Marketing Meet the Owners
Home Artists Artwork
Upcoming Events Exhibitions
Meet the Artist Series
July Artist: Jon Naylor
About Us Contact Press Press Releases Marketing Meet the Owners
Rocks4Life (Tigard, OR)
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Jason Berrier (Newberg, OR)
Brent Bushnell
Julie Cameron (Seaside, OR)
Benita Cole (McMinnville, OR)
Martin Conley (Hillsboro, OR)
Michael Copperman
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Coeur de Terre
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text:
https://www.ncadvertiser.com/news/town-government/article/Propane-tanks-for-schools-questioned-with-natural-14042255.php
Propane tanks for schools questioned with natural gas nearby
Published 6:04 pm EST, Tuesday, February 28, 2017
Talk of getting natural gas fuel service for New Canaan has resurfaced since the Board of Education has requested $819,000 for adding propane gas tanks at the schools.
The Board of Education is proposing to add the propane tanks to create a propane and oil dual-fuel system, so the school buildings would have the flexibility to switch periodically to the cheaper fuel. This has raised the question about the advisability of adding propane now if there is a possibility that the town will gain natural gas service as it was negotiating to do a few years ago.
Prior negotiations between the Town and Yankee Gas (bought by Eversource) to have natural gas piped into to schools, town buildings, businesses and some residences took place in 2014, but fell apart.
First Selectman Rob Mallozzi III, whose office is responsible for contract negotiations on behalf of the Town, told the Advertiser on Feb. 28 that he plans to meet with the Town's Utilities Commission, the Department of Public Works and Eversource over the course of the next month to discuss natural gas what might have changed in recent years.
Eversource is "working on a plan that we believe would greatly benefit New Canaan," said Mitch Gross, spokesman for the company. "Conversations are underway with town representatives to bring natural gas to homes, businesses, and municipal buildings. We look forward to continuing these discussions and hope to move forward with the plan."
Gross did not specify who those Town representatives are.
At December Board of Education meeting discussing the capital budget expenditure for the dual-fuel, Town Council Member Kevin Moynihan said there is "too much capital here," when the town already has access to a "natural gas line that they could bring in."
To some, the dual-fuel project for the schools would not make sense if the Town later changes to natural gas. "I think it would be irresponsible for the town to spend $800,000 on propane and then to decide to put natural gas in a year from now," said Skip Hobbs, a geologist and founder of Ammonite Resources, a petroleum and geotechnical company.
Moreover, if the dual-fuel project goes forward and the Town opts not to change the schools to natural gas, it would be more difficult to attract the interest of the energy supplier, Eversource, to install the gas pipelines because the "schools are the biggest customer," said Hobbs.
Gas on the move
Natural gas already moves through pipes in the southern part of New Canaan as a portion of Kinder Morgan's Tennessee Gas Pipeline lays a few feet underground. It is a high pressure pipeline that traverses from Louisiana to New England and runs under Waveny Park.
When the town discussed the project in 2014, town officials assumed a gate station in Waveny Park would connect and allow the long distance high pressure pipeline to step down to the low pressure pipes that are needed to deliver the gas to homes and businesses, explained Hobbs.
Gross said it wouldn't necessarily come through Waveny. "I can't tell you what direction it would come from, I don't have these answers yet," he said.
If it did go through Waveny, the gate station would not necessarily need to disrupt Waveny Park. The town "could buy a property along the right of way into town and install a gate station," said Hobbs.
Keeping up with the neighbors
Possibly adding to a renewed discussion on natural gas is the acceptance of it by New Canaan's neighbors. "We have over 775 customers presently in Darien and 311 customers in Wilton," said Gross. Wilton got natural gas lines in 2014.
"In Darien we've been down there for years," said Gross. Now, Darien is considering expanding their natural gas usage, but "there are still documents that need to be signed and agreements that need to be made," he said.
In Stamford, Eversource has 28,400 customers and Norwalk has 17,500, he said.
"Eversource services 72 of 169 towns in Connecticut, with 226,000 customers in residential and commercial," with natural gas, said Gross.
Snags in the past
In 2014-2015, negotiations between New Canaan and Yankee Gas snagged over such issues as which party pays the capital expenditure, where the equipment and material are stored, which party pays for road repair afterwards and the length of the commitment.
As for now, there is "a laundry list of things that need to be worked out," said Gross. "All negotiations are different," he said.


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text:
"""
Implements a visual validation curve for a hyperparameter.
"""

##########################################################################
## Imports
##########################################################################

import numpy as np

from yellowbrick.base import ModelVisualizer
from yellowbrick.style import resolve_colors
from yellowbrick.exceptions import YellowbrickValueError

from sklearn.model_selection import validation_curve as sk_validation_curve

##########################################################################
## ValidationCurve visualizer
##########################################################################

class ValidationCurve(ModelVisualizer):
    """
    Visualizes the validation curve for both test and training data for a
    range of values for a single hyperparameter of the model. Adjusting the
    value of a hyperparameter adjusts the complexity of a model. Less complex
    models suffer from increased error due to bias, while more complex models
    suffer from increased error due to variance. By inspecting the training
    and cross-validated test score error, it is possible to estimate a good
    value for a hyperparameter that balances the bias/variance trade-off.

    The visualizer evaluates cross-validated training and test scores for the
    different hyperparameters supplied. The curve is plotted so that the
    x-axis is the value of the hyperparameter and the y-axis is the model
    score. This is similar to a grid search with a single hyperparameter.

    The cross-validation generator splits the dataset k times, and scores are
    averaged over all k runs for the training and test subsets. The curve
    plots the mean score, and the filled in area suggests the variability of
    cross-validation by plotting one standard deviation above and below the
    mean for each split.

    Parameters
    ----------
    model : a scikit-learn estimator
        An object that implements ``fit`` and ``predict``, can be a
        classifier, regressor, or clusterer so long as there is also a valid
        associated scoring metric.

        Note that the object is cloned for each validation.

    param_name : string
        Name of the parameter that will be varied.

    param_range : array-like, shape (n_values,)
        The values of the parameter that will be evaluated.

    ax : matplotlib.Axes object, optional
        The axes object to plot the figure on.

    logx : boolean, optional
        If True, plots the x-axis with a logarithmic scale.

    groups : array-like, with shape (n_samples,)
        Optional group labels for the samples used while splitting the dataset
        into train/test sets.

    cv : int, cross-validation generator or an iterable, optional
        Determines the cross-validation splitting strategy.
        Possible inputs for cv are:

          - None, to use the default 3-fold cross-validation,
          - integer, to specify the number of folds.
          - An object to be used as a cross-validation generator.
          - An iterable yielding train/test splits.

        see the scikit-learn
        `cross-validation guide <http://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/cross_validation.html>`_
        for more information on the possible strategies that can be used here.

    scoring : string, callable or None, optional, default: None
        A string or scorer callable object / function with signature
        ``scorer(estimator, X, y)``. See scikit-learn model evaluation
        documentation for names of possible metrics.

    n_jobs : integer, optional
        Number of jobs to run in parallel (default 1).

    pre_dispatch : integer or string, optional
        Number of predispatched jobs for parallel execution (default is
        all). The option can reduce the allocated memory. The string can
        be an expression like '2*n_jobs'.

    kwargs : dict
        Keyword arguments that are passed to the base class and may influence
        the visualization as defined in other Visualizers.

    Attributes
    ----------
    train_scores_ : array, shape (n_ticks, n_cv_folds)
        Scores on training sets.

    train_scores_mean_ : array, shape (n_ticks,)
        Mean training data scores for each training split

    train_scores_std_ : array, shape (n_ticks,)
        Standard deviation of training data scores for each training split

    test_scores_ : array, shape (n_ticks, n_cv_folds)
        Scores on test set.

    test_scores_mean_ : array, shape (n_ticks,)
        Mean test data scores for each test split

    test_scores_std_ : array, shape (n_ticks,)
        Standard deviation of test data scores for each test split

    Examples
    --------

    >>> import numpy as np
    >>> from yellowbrick.model_selection import ValidationCurve
    >>> from sklearn.svm import SVC
    >>> pr = np.logspace(-6,-1,5)
    >>> model = ValidationCurve(SVC(), param_name="gamma", param_range=pr)
    >>> model.fit(X, y)
    >>> model.poof()

    Notes
    -----
    This visualizer is essentially a wrapper for the
    ``sklearn.model_selection.validation_curve utility``, discussed in the
    `validation curves <http://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/learning_curve.html#validation-curve>`_
    documentation.

    .. seealso:: The documentation for the
        `validation_curve <http://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.model_selection.validation_curve.html#sklearn.model_selection.validation_curve>`_
        function, which this visualizer wraps.
    """

    def __init__(self, model, param_name, param_range, ax=None, logx=False,
                 groups=None, cv=None, scoring=None, n_jobs=1,
                 pre_dispatch="all", **kwargs):

        # Initialize the model visualizer
        super(ValidationCurve, self).__init__(model, ax=ax, **kwargs)

        # Validate the param_range
        param_range = np.asarray(param_range)
        if param_range.ndim != 1:
            raise YellowbrickValueError(
                "must specify array of param values, '{}' is not valid".format(
                    repr(param_range)
            ))

        # Set the visual and validation curve parameters on the estimator
        self.set_params(
            param_name=param_name, param_range=param_range, logx=logx,
            groups=groups, cv=cv, scoring=scoring, n_jobs=n_jobs,
            pre_dispatch=pre_dispatch,
        )

    def fit(self, X, y=None):
        """
        Fits the validation curve with the wrapped estimator and parameter
        array to the specified data. Draws training and test score curves and
        saves the scores to the visualizer.

        Parameters
        ----------
        X : array-like, shape (n_samples, n_features)
            Training vector, where n_samples is the number of samples and
            n_features is the number of features.

        y : array-like, shape (n_samples) or (n_samples, n_features), optional
            Target relative to X for classification or regression;
            None for unsupervised learning.

        Returns
        -------
        self : instance
            Returns the instance of the validation curve visualizer for use in
            pipelines and other sequential transformers.
        """
        # arguments to pass to sk_validation_curve
        skvc_kwargs = {
            key: self.get_params()[key]
            for key in (
                'param_name', 'param_range', 'groups', 'cv', 'scoring',
                'n_jobs', 'pre_dispatch',
            )
        }

        # compute the validation curve and store scores
        curve = sk_validation_curve(self.estimator, X, y, **skvc_kwargs)
        self.train_scores_, self.test_scores_ = curve

        # compute the mean and standard deviation of the training data
        self.train_scores_mean_ = np.mean(self.train_scores_, axis=1)
        self.train_scores_std_ = np.std(self.train_scores_, axis=1)

        # compute the mean and standard deviation of the test data
        self.test_scores_mean_ = np.mean(self.test_scores_, axis=1)
        self.test_scores_std_ = np.std(self.test_scores_, axis=1)

        # draw the curves on the current axes
        self.draw()
        return self

    def draw(self, **kwargs):
        """
        Renders the training and test curves.
        """
        # Specify the curves to draw and their labels
        labels = ("Training Score", "Cross Validation Score")
        curves = (
            (self.train_scores_mean_, self.train_scores_std_),
            (self.test_scores_mean_, self.test_scores_std_),
        )

        # Get the colors for the train and test curves
        colors = resolve_colors(n_colors=2)

        # Plot the fill betweens first so they are behind the curves.
        for idx, (mean, std) in enumerate(curves):
            # Plot one standard deviation above and below the mean
            self.ax.fill_between(
                self.param_range, mean - std, mean+std, alpha=0.25,
                color=colors[idx],
            )

        # Plot the mean curves so they are in front of the variance fill
        for idx, (mean, _) in enumerate(curves):
            self.ax.plot(
                self.param_range, mean, 'd-', color=colors[idx],
                label=labels[idx],
            )

        if self.logx:
            self.ax.set_xscale('log')

        return self.ax

    def finalize(self, **kwargs):
        """
        Add the title, legend, and other visual final touches to the plot.
        """
        # Set the title of the figure
        self.set_title('Validation Curve for {}'.format(self.name))

        # Add the legend
        self.ax.legend(frameon=True, loc='best')

        # Set the axis labels
        self.ax.set_xlabel(self.param_name)
        self.ax.set_ylabel('score')

##########################################################################
## Quick Method
##########################################################################

def validation_curve(model, X, y, param_name, param_range, ax=None, logx=False,
                     groups=None, cv=None, scoring=None, n_jobs=1,
                     pre_dispatch="all", **kwargs):
    """
    Displays a validation curve for the specified param and values, plotting
    both the train and cross-validated test scores. The validation curve is a
    visual, single-parameter grid search used to tune a model to find the best
    balance between error due to bias and error due to variance.

    This helper function is a wrapper to use the ValidationCurve in a fast,
    visual analysis.

    Parameters
    ----------
    model : a scikit-learn estimator
        An object that implements ``fit`` and ``predict``, can be a
        classifier, regressor, or clusterer so long as there is also a valid
        associated scoring metric.

        Note that the object is cloned for each validation.

    X : array-like, shape (n_samples, n_features)
        Training vector, where n_samples is the number of samples and
        n_features is the number of features.

    y : array-like, shape (n_samples) or (n_samples, n_features), optional
        Target relative to X for classification or regression;
        None for unsupervised learning.

    param_name : string
        Name of the parameter that will be varied.

    param_range : array-like, shape (n_values,)
        The values of the parameter that will be evaluated.

    ax : matplotlib.Axes object, optional
        The axes object to plot the figure on.

    logx : boolean, optional
        If True, plots the x-axis with a logarithmic scale.

    groups : array-like, with shape (n_samples,)
        Optional group labels for the samples used while splitting the dataset
        into train/test sets.

    cv : int, cross-validation generator or an iterable, optional
        Determines the cross-validation splitting strategy.
        Possible inputs for cv are:

          - None, to use the default 3-fold cross-validation,
          - integer, to specify the number of folds.
          - An object to be used as a cross-validation generator.
          - An iterable yielding train/test splits.

        see the scikit-learn
        `cross-validation guide <http://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/cross_validation.html>`_
        for more information on the possible strategies that can be used here.

    scoring : string, callable or None, optional, default: None
        A string or scorer callable object / function with signature
        ``scorer(estimator, X, y)``. See scikit-learn model evaluation
        documentation for names of possible metrics.

    n_jobs : integer, optional
        Number of jobs to run in parallel (default 1).

    pre_dispatch : integer or string, optional
        Number of predispatched jobs for parallel execution (default is
        all). The option can reduce the allocated memory. The string can
        be an expression like '2*n_jobs'.

    kwargs : dict
        Keyword arguments that are passed to the base class and may influence
        the visualization as defined in other Visualizers. These arguments are
        also passed to the `poof()` method, e.g. can pass a path to save the
        figure to.

    Returns
    -------
    ax : matplotlib.Axes
        The axes object that the validation curves were drawn on.
    """

    # Initialize the visualizer
    oz = ValidationCurve(
        model, param_name, param_range, ax=ax, logx=logx, groups=groups,
        cv=cv, scoring=scoring, n_jobs=n_jobs, pre_dispatch=pre_dispatch
    )

    # Fit and poof the visualizer
    oz.fit(X, y)
    oz.poof(**kwargs)
    return oz.ax

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text:
What you need to know about early voting in the NYC primary
By Jenna Bagcal
According to the city's Board of Elections, approximately 20,590 Bronx residents took advantage of early voting.
Early voting for the June 2021 primaries kicks off this weekend for some key races in New York City including mayor, comptroller, public advocate, City Council and borough presidents.
From Saturday, June 12, until Sunday, June 20, voters can go to cast their ballots ahead of the Tuesday, June 22 primary. This year's primary elections will use ranked choice voting, which allows voters to rank up to five candidates for each city office. The mayor recently used a pizza topping metaphor to explain ranked choice voting. Voting.nyc also put out a helpful video to guide people heading to the polls.
During the last year, early voting has proven to be a popular option for voters who were not able to get to the polls on election day. Just last November, over 1 million New Yorkers came out to cast their votes early for the presidential election.
Here is what you should know ahead of early voting.
Visit voting.nyc/meet-the-candidates/2021-races to find out who is running for each of the city offices. The Board of Elections also put out of a list of who is running for each position.
For even more comprehensive political coverage about every single candidate running for office, visit politicsNY.com.
Early voting is a lot like voting on election day, except the hours are more flexible and there are more opportunities to cast ballots. Find out your early voting site, which often differs from election day sites, at findmypollsite.vote.nyc or by calling 1866-Vote-NYC.
According to the BOE, there are 21 early voting sites in Manhattan, 22 in the Bronx, 32 in Brooklyn, 19 in Queens and 10 on Staten Island.
Here are the days and hours for all early voting locations from June 12 to 20:
Saturday, June 12 from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.
Sunday, June 13 from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.
Monday, June 14 from 7 a.m. to 4 p.m.
Tuesday, June 15 from 10 a.m. to 8 p.m.
Wednesday, June 16 from 10 a.m. to 8 p.m.
Thursday, June 17 from 10 a.m. to 8 p.m.
Friday, June 18 from 7 a.m. to 4 p.m.
This story first appeared on amNewYork,
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VNNA Hosts Council Candidates Forum
TN Houses' 13th Council District Forum
BronxNet hosts debates ahead of September 13th Democratic Primary


text:
June 22, 2012 | Cattle Decapitation
Cattle Decapitation Monolith of Inhumanity
Holy fuck! By the time you hit the two minute mark on the first track of Cattle Decapitation's latest helping of grinding death metal, you know immediately that this album is going to be something special. And by special, I mean like being eaten alive from the groin up by rabid, malevolent bovines (and monkeys if the album cover is any indication).
Monolith of Inhumanity sees the band at the peak of their powers and flows like spilled blood from the advancements they made on The Harvest Floor. As a natural extension to that album released three years ago, these eleven songs don't just rehash what made that album so well received, but instead stomp on its neck with impunity and ratchet everything up a level or three. Starting with Travis Ryan's vocal(?) delivery — which by the way has become one of the more varied and expansive deliveries in death metal — to the technical, off-kilter riffs of Josh Elmore and finally to David McGraw's bestial drum work, the band's seventh album goes beyond all expectations. Sure fans of the band will already have their own pre-disposed favorite album, but there's just simply no denying the musicianship that is on show for all to see here.
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"Dead Set On Suicide" introduces us to this new, high-pitched chorus that shows up from time to time throughout the remaining tracks. It's a bit off-putting in it's extreme nature (sort of ironic in Cattle Decapitation's case, don't you think?), but after a few listens it only feels natural. "A Living, Breathing Piece of Defecating Meat" must obviously be about the band's love of hamburgers (I jest) and includes some of the catchier and hookier choruses on the album despite its very dark and morbid atmosphere. "Lifestalker" sees Ryan utilizing "cleaner" vocals and "The Monolith" builds up smoothly to the destructive final song, "Kingdom of Tyrants" which absolutely lays down the law with frantic rhythms and swirling riffage.
The great thing about an album like Monolith of Inhumanity is the sum of the parts. Each member of this band is so fully integrated into the living beast that is Cattle Decapitation, striving to push themselves for the benefit of the whole. Travis Ryan's vocal work on this album is beyond comprehension as he delves deep into guttural gurgles one second and fairly cleanly sung screams the next, all the while sounding completely natural within the music's confines. Josh Elmore has got to be one of the best guitarists in the industry, no questions asked. "New" bassist Derek Engemann rumbles along masterfully as drummer McGraw is all over the place on his drum kit in such a frenetic, yet controlled manner. The end result, of course, is Monolith of Inhumanity, easily the most diverse and polished work the band has produced to date.


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Yi Shen Chan is a Director at Plum and a specialist in policy and regulatory issues in the telecoms, media and online sectors. His experience covers radio spectrum policy and management, digital broadcasting, economic regulation of networks, competition and market assessment of communications and audio-visual sectors.
In the field of spectrum management, he has worked on a range of projects on the valuation and pricing of spectrum for mobile and other uses. His expertise covers both theoretical and practical implementation of spectrum pricing approaches such as administered incentive pricing (AIP), cost recovery, benchmarking analysis and market valuation. As a key member of Plum's spectrum advisory team, Mr Chan has provided advice to governments and regulators around the world, including Australia, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Mexico, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand and the UK.
In addition, Mr Chan has been involved in studies covering a variety of issues related to the audio-visual sectors, including digital switchover for broadcast TV and radio, competition analysis, impact assessments, broadcast-broadband convergence and online platforms.
His previous work experience includes roles within regulatory authorities in Singapore (Media Development Authority) and in the UK (Ofcom).
Mr Chan has an MSc in Media and Communication Governance (Distinction) from the London School of Economics, and a BA in Economics from the National University of Singapore.


This is a variation on a "mrouzia", which is a particularly sweet dish supposedly made for feasting during Ramadan, or Id al-Adha, or Aid el Kebir, and it's said that the honey helps preserve the leftovers without refrigeration. Most versions use almonds, but not mine.
Mix together the spices and rub mixture into the lamb. Preheat oven to 350 degrees Fahrenheit. Mix spiced lamb with onions and garlic and water or stock, and add butter. Put in the oven and cook for 1-1/2 hours. Mix raisins, dates, and honey, and add to the lamb, then cook for 1/2 hour longer, till lamb is very tender. Serve with couscous or pilaf; makes 6-8 servings.
Note #2: If you are using a real tagine (which is fairly shallow and keeps in juices very well), you should only use 1 cup of water/stock. For a regular casserole or pot, use 3 cups to start, and check to see if you need to add more duing the cooking time.
Note #3, alternatives: You can cook this in the oven or on top of the stove. You can marinated the lamb in the spice mixture for an hour, or overnight, or for no extra time at all. Instead of adding it with the cooking liquid, you can melt the butter in a pan and saute the lamb till lightly browned, and saute the onions and garlic till softened, but it's not necessary. The meat will still brown in the cooking. Instead of raisins and dates, you can use blanched and lightly toasted slivered almonds, or apricots, or prunes.
This was based on the Moroccan cold dish of segmented oranges and shredded carrot. Sometimes the mrouzia can have carrots in it, itself.
Preheat oven to 350 degrees Fahrenheit. Put carrots and oranges in a shallow baking dish. Mix the rest of the ingredients and pour on top. Bake for 1 hour or till carrots are tender.
I think I am gonna make one of these for my sweetie some time soon.
Okay, I am hungry now. I must save these recipes for future reference. Thanks everso! My partner and I cook a lot of Indian and Middle Eastern cuisine.
You're very welcome! I'm still learning, but I love those cuisines, too.


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(-) Somshuvra Mukhopadhyay, M.B.B.S., Ph.D. (6)
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(-) Somshuvra Mukhopadhyay, M.B.B.S., Ph.D.
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