text:
Avalon Airport  is an international airport located in Avalon in the City of Greater Geelong in Victoria, Australia. While located outside the Melbourne metropolitan area, it is the second busiest of the four airports serving the state capital in passenger traffic. It is located  north-east of the Geelong CBD and  south-west of the Melbourne CBD. The airport is operated by Avalon Airport Australia Pty Ltd, a subsidiary of Linfox.

Avalon is currently served by passenger airlines Jetstar, which began domestic flights in 2004, and Bonza, which began service at the airport on February 21, 2023. The airport is also the site of the biennial Australian International Airshow.

Unlike Melbourne Airport, Avalon Airport is not governed by the Commonwealth's Airports Act 1996. The airport has a single runway in addition to a helipad.

History
The airport is located on land of the original indigenous owners, the Wathaurong people, and a scatter stone area is preserved on the Avalon Airport site, out of respect for the original owners. The land has undergone many changes over the past century.

In the beginning, the airport was a sheep and cattle farm and homestead, founded by James Austin, an immigrant from Glastonbury, Somerset, England. James established his farm and named the homestead "Avalon" after the isle of Avalon at Glastonbury, the mythical island in the Arthurian legend. In 1952 the Commonwealth Government bought  at Avalon for just 110 pounds, as the land was deemed to be of poor quality farmland due to the abundance of volcanic rock littering the surface.

The airport was opened in 1953, to cater for the production of military aircraft. Previously, the Government Aircraft Factories at Fishermans Bend, Melbourne had used a runway beside the factory. However, newer jet aircraft required a longer runway for safe operations, and the Fisherman's Bend runway was being encroached upon by development.

A  runway was built by Country Roads Board, with the first plane landing on 3 April 1953 – a four-engined Avro Lincoln heavy bomber flown from Fishermans Bend. The English Electric Canberra light bomber was under construction at same time at the new airport. In 1959, Qantas established a training base at the site.

In 1961, Government Aircraft Factories combined with the Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation, and built and serviced 110 Mirage fighters at the site, and in 1970 Jindivik Target Aircraft transferred to Avalon Airport from Fishermens Bend, adding production of 170 Nomad and 75 Hornet military jets, in addition to servicing of other jets.

In 1985 the Government Aircraft Factories changed its name to Aerospace Technologies of Australia (ASTA). Aircraft produced during this time included the GAF Jindivik remotely piloted aircraft, and Nomad civil aircraft. Under the ASTA banner, engines for the Dassault Mirage III jet fighters were produced, as well as assembly of the F/A-18 multirole combat aircraft for the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF).

In October 1988, the ASTA Aircraft Services division took the first Boeing 747 to Avalon for servicing and maintenance. By December 1993, fifty 747 aircraft had been through the Avalon facility, and 820 people were employed at the site. October 1995 saw a Cathay Pacific Lockheed L-1011 flown to Avalon for scrapping by ASTA Aircraft Services, in what was a one-off event.

Training of pilots from Japan's All Nippon Airways commenced at the airport on 8 September 1993.

On 27 June 1995 Aerospace Technologies of Australia was privatised by the Commonwealth Government, selling the aircraft divisions to Rockwell Australia Limited, and the airport operations to Avalon Airport Geelong Pty Ltd. The ASTA airliner overhauling facility was closed in 1997.

The first scheduled passenger flights out of the airport were operated by Hazelton Airlines, who commenced flights between Avalon Airport and Sydney in February 1995. 36-seat Saab 340 aircraft were used for the service. The service was discontinued after a short time due to a lack of passengers.

Post-privatisation
In 1997, the federal Government of Australia, through the Department of Defence, granted Linfox a 50-year plus a 49-year option lease of the airport. Between 1997 and 2001 Linfox developed proposals to develop the land which formed the basis of the Avalon Airport Master Plan draft, 2013. In 1992, the airport began hosting the Australian International Airshow.

On 1 June 2004, Jetstar started commercial flights from the airport, in addition to their operations at Melbourne Airport.

In April 2010, Tigerair Australia announced it would base two aircraft and commence operations from Avalon later that year. By June 2011 however, Tigerair Australia announced it would be withdrawing several flights from Avalon, to be operated instead from Melbourne Airport. The remaining Tigerair Australia services were withdrawn after a series of incidents that led to airline's operations being suspended by the Civil Aviation Safety Authority the following month.

In October 2012, the Federal Government announced that the airport's lease would be amended, allowing for the construction of a new terminal and the implementation of international flights. Avalon is the second airport in Victoria to be designated as a port of entry for freight operations.

In February 2022, Bonza announced that the airport would become one of its 17 destinations with the airline planning to fly to the Sunshine Coast from Avalon.

International flights
It was announced on 4 February 2018 that AirAsia X would move their Melbourne Airport operations to Avalon Airport by the end of the year. AirAsia X Airbus A330s would service the twice daily direct flights to Kuala Lumpur. Announcing it on 10 July 2018 the airline commenced its operations from Avalon Airport on 5 December 2018.

A media release on 22 October 2019 from the Victorian Premier's Office stated that VietJet Air was expected to begin flights from Avalon to Vietnam in the second half of 2020.

On 11 December 2019, it was announced on Citilink's Instagram social media account that flights to Denpasar (Bali), Indonesia would be added to Avalon Airport's list of international flights. On 10 January 2020, it was stated that the daily flight would commence on 24 January 2020.

On 18 July 2022, Air Asia announced they would be restarting flights to Australia and New Zealand but will be ending their Avalon operations and begin operating out of Melbourne Airport for the first time since 2018.

Future

Airport Master Plan 2015
The Avalon Airport Master Plan was prepared by Avalon Airport Pty Ltd in September 2015 and was endorsed by the Department of Defence. The document provides for a significant expansion of the airport's operations, as well as the establishment of non-aviation related developments.

Proposed rail connection
On 3 May 2011, the Victorian Minister for Public Transport committed $3 million for the planning of a rail link to Avalon Airport. In January 2013, three route options were presented. The railway line would start by running along the existing Geelong-Melbourne heavy rail corridor, and then divert towards Avalon Airport, south of Little River, at one of three locations. The eastern option would see the line break away closer to Melbourne, near Cherry Swamp Road and Little River. The central option would place the diversion 2.5 kilometres southwest, near Peak School Road at Lara. The western route option would divert from the existing line closer to Geelong, at Plains Road, Lara. Each of the three routes would run over the Princes Freeway, north east of the Beach Road interchange at Little River, running under the flight path to a new station inside the terminal. The government would need to acquire private farmland to complete the link and is considering a number different options, including a light rail service, automated driverless trains used at several international airports.

On 4 August 2013, the state government indicated that it may alter its election promise to build the $250 million train line to Avalon Airport, and instead create a cheaper light rail link from Melbourne's south-west. Department documents show the government is now considering other options to meet interim demand, such as light rail, buses, or "driverless transport options which are used at many airports around the world".

Facilities
Since the introduction of Jetstar in 2004, the Avalon Airport terminal facilities have expanded from the original size of  to nearly . Over $100 million has been invested in the airport thus far to complete the following:

 An apron expansion to accommodate a further four aircraft as well as enable the opportunity to accommodate an aircraft the size of a Boeing 747.
 A total of seven A320 sized aircraft can now be parked simultaneously in front of the airport terminal.
 Installation of a flight information display system
 Fuel farm expansion to triple storage capacity from 500,000 to 1,500,000 litres of A1 jet fuel plus installation of new fuel pipelines
 Construction of a new bus, taxi and hire car road and various rerouted roads to manage incoming passenger traffic and other road infrastructure upgrades
 Fuel farm electrical maintenance and demolition of unused buildings
 Significant infrastructure upgrades as part of the Australian International Airshow

Passenger terminal
The current terminal facility is approximately  in area and houses four gates capable of servicing aircraft up to and including the size of the Airbus A321. In its present configuration, the terminal can accommodate around six domestic departures per hour. The airport has a total of eight aircraft parking bays; there are six on the Northern Apron and two on the Eastern Apron. On the Northern Apron, the airport can accommodate five Code C Aircraft (Boeing 737 or Airbus A320 aircraft) and one Boeing 747.

Avalon Airport can accommodate two Boeing 747s or two Boeing 787s on the Eastern Apron. The Eastern Apron is also a remote parking bay which doubles as a freight bay. The airport is capable of fitting one Airbus A380 at a time on the Eastern Apron; this means it can also accommodate the freighter version of the Boeing 747-8, which is slightly smaller.

Currently the airport terminal is not equipped with aerobridges, and does not feature any guest lounges.

Freight facilities
The most notable freight operations include the Australian Grand Prix, Supercars and Superbikes, plus some specialist charters including livestock race horses, fresh produce, military hardware, touring rock bands. The airport can facilitate loads on all aircraft types from the Airbus 380 series down, with equipment available to load via the main deck, lower deck, nose or tail end of the Aircraft, with a maximum lift of 16 tonnes. It has three dedicated freighter parking positions: Two on its Eastern and one on the Northern Freighter Aprons.

Aircraft heavy maintenance
Avalon Airport has six hangars in total:  of hangar space, including three Boeing 747 hangars. Three of these are customised B747 hangars that were used by Qantas. The Qantas Engineering maintenance facility commenced operations on 13 May 1998.

It was also responsible for the Qantas Group's aircraft commercial project work, including cabin reconfigurations and refurbishment.

The Avalon Maintenance Facility was the first in Australia to develop and carry out a program for converting B737-300 passenger aircraft to freighters for Australian Air Express operations and was responsible for the modification of the new Premium Economy product for Qantas' B747-400 fleet.

In 2012, Qantas announced that it would phase out operations at Avalon Airport, making the hangars available for other businesses.

Airlines and destinations

Other uses
The video clip of Human Nature's 2000 song He Don't Love You was filmed at the airport.

In July 2013, it was proposed by Geelong City Council that a theme park be built at Avalon, and they have held discussions with Village Roadshow and other companies concerning the proposal. African Safari World was a previous proposal at nearby Werribee Zoo that did not get approved.

The biennial Australian International Airshow operates from Avalon Airport. The project is owned by Aviation Development Australia Limited. The event attracts a total attendance of over 195,000 across the six days, including exhibitors from the international aerospace industry and government, military, scientific and trade delegates.

Ground transportation

Car
Avalon Airport is linked to Geelong and Melbourne by the adjacent Princes Freeway. The airport has 1,500 airport car spaces, a taxi rank and a ride-share pick-up/drop-off bay.

Coach
In 2017, Skybus launched services from the Melbourne CBD and Geelong to Avalon Airport.

Accidents and incidents
On 6 August 1976, a prototype N24 Nomad crashed shortly after takeoff at Avalon while a flight test of modifications to the tail of the aircraft. Two of the three crew members were killed in the accident, notably including pilot Stuart Pearce, father of actor Guy Pearce.
A serious incident involving a Tiger Airways Australia Airbus A320 flight from Sydney occurred on 30 June 2011 when the crew performed a missed approach at Avalon outside of published procedures, resulting in the aircraft overflying the Geelong suburb of Leopold at a dangerously low altitude, without guidance from Air Traffic Control. The incident made national headlines and triggered a five-week grounding of the airline over a busy school holiday period while a safety audit was conducted by the Civil Aviation Safety Authority.

See also
Melbourne Airport rail link
Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation
List of airports in Victoria
Transport in Australia

References

Bibliography
Peter Begg (1990). Geelong — The First 150 Years. Globe Press.

External links

Australian International Airshow
Street Map

Airports in Victoria (Australia)
1953 establishments in Australia
Airports established in 1953
Transport in Geelong
Buildings and structures in Geelong


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phpMyAdmin 4.9.7 documentation »

Installation¶

phpMyAdmin does not apply any special security methods to the MySQL
database server. It is still the system administrator's job to grant
permissions on the MySQL databases properly. phpMyAdmin's Users
page can be used for this.

Warning

Mac users should note that if you are on a version before
Mac OS X, StuffIt unstuffs with Mac formats. So you'll have
to resave as in BBEdit to Unix style ALL phpMyAdmin scripts before
uploading them to your server, as PHP seems not to like Mac-style
end of lines character ("\r").

Linux distributions¶

phpMyAdmin is included in most Linux distributions. It is recommended to use
distribution packages when possible - they usually provide integration to your
distribution and you will automatically get security updates from your distribution.

Debian and Ubuntu¶

Debian's package repositories include a phpMyAdmin package, but be aware that
the configuration file is maintained in /etc/phpmyadmin and may differ in
some ways from the official phpMyAdmin documentation. Specifically, it does:

Configuration of a web server (works for Apache and lighttpd).

Creating of phpMyAdmin configuration storage using dbconfig-common.

Securing setup script, see Setup script on Debian, Ubuntu and derivatives.

See also

More information can be found in README.Debian
(it is installed as /usr/share/doc/phmyadmin/README.Debian with the package).

OpenSUSE¶

OpenSUSE already comes with phpMyAdmin package, just install packages from
the openSUSE Build Service.

Gentoo¶

Gentoo ships the phpMyAdmin package, both in a near-stock configuration as well
as in a webapp-config configuration. Use emerge dev-db/phpmyadmin to
install.

Mandriva¶

Mandriva ships the phpMyAdmin package in their contrib branch and can be
installed via the usual Control Center.

Fedora¶

Fedora ships the phpMyAdmin package, but be aware that the configuration file
is maintained in /etc/phpMyAdmin/ and may differ in some ways from the
official phpMyAdmin documentation.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux¶

Red Hat Enterprise Linux itself and thus derivatives like CentOS don't
ship phpMyAdmin, but the Fedora-driven repository
Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux (EPEL)
is doing so, if it's
enabled.
But be aware that the configuration file is maintained in
/etc/phpMyAdmin/ and may differ in some ways from the
official phpMyAdmin documentation.

Installing on Windows¶

The easiest way to get phpMyAdmin on Windows is using third party products
which include phpMyAdmin together with a database and web server such as
XAMPP.

You can find more of such options at Wikipedia.

Installing from Git¶

You can clone current phpMyAdmin source from
https://github.com/phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin.git:

git clone https://github.com/phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin.git

Additionally you need to install dependencies using the Composer tool:

composer update

If you do not intend to develop, you can skip the installation of developer tools
by invoking:

composer update --no-dev

Installing using Composer¶

You can install phpMyAdmin using the Composer tool, since 4.7.0 the releases
are automatically mirrored to the default Packagist repository.

Note

The content of the Composer repository is automatically generated
separately from the releases, so the content doesn't have to be
100% same as when you download the tarball. There should be no
functional differences though.

To install phpMyAdmin simply run:

composer create-project phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin

Alternatively you can use our own composer repository, which contains
the release tarballs and is available at
<https://www.phpmyadmin.net/packages.json>:

composer create-project phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin --repository-url=https://www.phpmyadmin.net/packages.json --no-dev

Installing using Docker¶

phpMyAdmin comes with a Docker image, which you can easily deploy. You can
download it using:

docker pull phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin

The phpMyAdmin server will listen on port 80. It supports several ways of
configuring the link to the database server, either by Docker's link feature
by linking your database container to db for phpMyAdmin (by specifying
--link your_db_host:db) or by environment variables (in this case it's up
to you to set up networking in Docker to allow the phpMyAdmin container to access
the database container over the network).

Docker environment variables¶

You can configure several phpMyAdmin features using environment variables:

PMA_ARBITRARY¶

Allows you to enter a database server hostname on login form.

See also

$cfg['AllowArbitraryServer']

PMA_HOST¶

Hostname or IP address of the database server to use.

See also

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['host']

PMA_HOSTS¶

Comma-separated hostnames or IP addresses of the database servers to use.

Note

Used only if PMA_HOST is empty.

PMA_VERBOSE¶

Verbose name of the database server.

See also

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['verbose']

PMA_VERBOSES¶

Comma-separated verbose name of the database servers.

Note

Used only if PMA_VERBOSE is empty.

PMA_USER¶

User name to use for Config authentication mode.

PMA_PASSWORD¶

Password to use for Config authentication mode.

PMA_PORT¶

Port of the database server to use.

PMA_PORTS¶

Comma-separated ports of the database server to use.

Note

Used only if PMA_PORT is empty.

PMA_ABSOLUTE_URI¶

The fully-qualified path (https://pma.example.net/) where the reverse
proxy makes phpMyAdmin available.

See also

$cfg['PmaAbsoluteUri']

By default, Cookie authentication mode is used, but if PMA_USER and
PMA_PASSWORD are set, it is switched to Config authentication mode.

Note

The credentials you need to log in are stored in the MySQL server, in case
of Docker image, there are various ways to set it (for example
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD when starting the MySQL container). Please check
documentation for MariaDB container
or MySQL container.

Customizing configuration¶

Additionally configuration can be tweaked by /etc/phpmyadmin/config.user.inc.php. If
this file exists, it will be loaded after configuration is generated from above
environment variables, so you can override any configuration variable. This
configuration can be added as a volume when invoking docker using
-v /some/local/directory/config.user.inc.php:/etc/phpmyadmin/config.user.inc.php parameters.

Note that the supplied configuration file is applied after Docker environment variables,
but you can override any of the values.

For example to change the default behavior of CSV export you can use the following
configuration file:

<?php
$cfg['Export']['csv_columns'] = true;
?>

You can also use it to define server configuration instead of using the
environment variables listed in Docker environment variables:

<?php
/* Override Servers array */
$cfg['Servers'] = [
    1 => [
        'auth_type' => 'cookie',
        'host' => 'mydb1',
        'port' => 3306,
        'verbose' => 'Verbose name 1',
    ],
    2 => [
        'auth_type' => 'cookie',
        'host' => 'mydb2',
        'port' => 3306,
        'verbose' => 'Verbose name 2',
    ],
];

See also

See Configuration for detailed description of configuration options.

Docker Volumes¶

You can use the following volumes to customize image behavior:

/etc/phpmyadmin/config.user.inc.php

Can be used for additional settings, see the previous chapter for more details.

/sessions/

Directory where PHP sessions are stored. You might want to share this
for example when using Signon authentication mode.

/www/themes/

Directory where phpMyAdmin looks for themes. By default only those shipped
with phpMyAdmin are included, but you can include additional phpMyAdmin
themes (see Custom Themes) by using Docker volumes.

Docker Examples¶

To connect phpMyAdmin to a given server use:

docker run --name myadmin -d -e PMA_HOST=dbhost -p 8080:80 phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin

To connect phpMyAdmin to more servers use:

docker run --name myadmin -d -e PMA_HOSTS=dbhost1,dbhost2,dbhost3 -p 8080:80 phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin

To use arbitrary server option:

docker run --name myadmin -d --link mysql_db_server:db -p 8080:80 -e PMA_ARBITRARY=1 phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin

You can also link the database container using Docker:

docker run --name phpmyadmin -d --link mysql_db_server:db -p 8080:80 phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin

Running with additional configuration:

docker run --name phpmyadmin -d --link mysql_db_server:db -p 8080:80 -v /some/local/directory/config.user.inc.php:/etc/phpmyadmin/config.user.inc.php phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin

Running with additional themes:

docker run --name phpmyadmin -d --link mysql_db_server:db -p 8080:80 -v /custom/phpmyadmin/theme/:/www/themes/theme/ phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin

Using docker-compose¶

Alternatively, you can also use docker-compose with the docker-compose.yml from
<https://github.com/phpmyadmin/docker>.  This will run phpMyAdmin with an
arbitrary server - allowing you to specify MySQL/MariaDB server on the login page.

docker-compose up -d

Customizing configuration file using docker-compose¶

You can use an external file to customize phpMyAdmin configuration and pass it
using the volumes directive:

phpmyadmin:
    image: phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin
    container_name: phpmyadmin
    environment:
     - PMA_ARBITRARY=1
    restart: always
    ports:
     - 8080:80
    volumes:
     - /sessions
     - ~/docker/phpmyadmin/config.user.inc.php:/etc/phpmyadmin/config.user.inc.php
     - /custom/phpmyadmin/theme/:/www/themes/theme/

See also

Customizing configuration

Running behind haproxy in a subdirectory¶

When you want to expose phpMyAdmin running in a Docker container in a
subdirectory, you need to rewrite the request path in the server proxying the
requests.

For example, using haproxy it can be done as:

frontend http
    bind *:80
    option forwardfor
    option http-server-close

    ### NETWORK restriction
    acl LOCALNET  src 10.0.0.0/8 192.168.0.0/16 172.16.0.0/12

    # /phpmyadmin
    acl phpmyadmin  path_dir /phpmyadmin
    use_backend phpmyadmin if phpmyadmin LOCALNET

backend phpmyadmin
    mode http

    reqirep  ^(GET|POST|HEAD)\ /phpmyadmin/(.*)     \1\ /\2

    # phpMyAdmin container IP
    server localhost     172.30.21.21:80

When using traefik, something like following should work:

defaultEntryPoints = ["http"]
[entryPoints]
  [entryPoints.http]
  address = ":80"
    [entryPoints.http.redirect]
      regex = "(http:\\/\\/[^\\/]+\\/([^\\?\\.]+)[^\\/])$"
      replacement = "$1/"

[backends]
  [backends.myadmin]
    [backends.myadmin.servers.myadmin]
    url="http://internal.address.to.pma"

[frontends]
   [frontends.myadmin]
   backend = "myadmin"
   passHostHeader = true
     [frontends.myadmin.routes.default]
     rule="PathPrefixStrip:/phpmyadmin/;AddPrefix:/"

You then should specify PMA_ABSOLUTE_URI in the docker-compose
configuration:

version: '2'

services:
  phpmyadmin:
    restart: always
    image: phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin
    container_name: phpmyadmin
    hostname: phpmyadmin
    domainname: example.com
    ports:
      - 8000:80
    environment:
      - PMA_HOSTS=172.26.36.7,172.26.36.8,172.26.36.9,172.26.36.10
      - PMA_VERBOSES=production-db1,production-db2,dev-db1,dev-db2
      - PMA_USER=root
      - PMA_PASSWORD=
      - PMA_ABSOLUTE_URI=http://example.com/phpmyadmin/

Quick Install¶

Choose an appropriate distribution kit from the phpmyadmin.net
Downloads page. Some kits contain only the English messages, others
contain all languages. We'll assume you chose a kit whose name
looks like phpMyAdmin-x.x.x -all-languages.tar.gz.

Ensure you have downloaded a genuine archive, see Verifying phpMyAdmin releases.

Untar or unzip the distribution (be sure to unzip the subdirectories):
tar -xzvf phpMyAdmin_x.x.x-all-languages.tar.gz in your
webserver's document root. If you don't have direct access to your
document root, put the files in a directory on your local machine,
and, after step 4, transfer the directory on your web server using,
for example, ftp.

Ensure that all the scripts have the appropriate owner (if PHP is
running in safe mode, having some scripts with an owner different from
the owner of other scripts will be a problem). See 4.2 What's the preferred way of making phpMyAdmin secure against evil access? and
1.26 I just installed phpMyAdmin in my document root of IIS but I get the error "No input file specified" when trying to run phpMyAdmin. for suggestions.

Now you must configure your installation. There are two methods that
can be used. Traditionally, users have hand-edited a copy of
config.inc.php, but now a wizard-style setup script is provided
for those who prefer a graphical installation. Creating a
config.inc.php is still a quick way to get started and needed for
some advanced features.

Manually creating the file¶

To manually create the file, simply use your text editor to create the
file config.inc.php (you can copy config.sample.inc.php to get
a minimal configuration file) in the main (top-level) phpMyAdmin
directory (the one that contains index.php). phpMyAdmin first
loads libraries/config.default.php and then overrides those values
with anything found in config.inc.php. If the default value is
okay for a particular setting, there is no need to include it in
config.inc.php. You'll probably need only a few directives to get going; a
simple configuration may look like this:

<?php
// use here a value of your choice at least 32 chars long
$cfg['blowfish_secret'] = '1{dd0`<Q),5XP_:R9UK%%8\"EEcyH#{o';

$i=0;
$i++;
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['auth_type']     = 'cookie';
// if you insist on "root" having no password:
// $cfg['Servers'][$i]['AllowNoPassword'] = true; `
?>

Or, if you prefer to not be prompted every time you log in:

<?php

$i=0;
$i++;
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['user']          = 'root';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['password']      = 'cbb74bc'; // use here your password
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['auth_type']     = 'config';
?>

Warning

Storing passwords in the configuration is insecure as anybody can then
manipulate your database.

For a full explanation of possible configuration values, see the
Configuration of this document.

Using the Setup script¶

Instead of manually editing config.inc.php, you can use phpMyAdmin's
setup feature. The file can be generated using the setup and you can download it
for upload to the server.

Next, open your browser and visit the location where you installed phpMyAdmin,
with the /setup suffix. The changes are not saved to the server, you need to
use the Download button to save them to your computer and then upload
to the server.

Now the file is ready to be used. You can choose to review or edit the
file with your favorite editor, if you prefer to set some advanced
options that the setup script does not provide.

If you are using the auth_type "config", it is suggested that you
protect the phpMyAdmin installation directory because using config
does not require a user to enter a password to access the phpMyAdmin
installation. Use of an alternate authentication method is
recommended, for example with HTTP–AUTH in a .htaccess file or switch to using
auth_type cookie or http. See the ISPs, multi-user installations
for additional information, especially 4.4 phpMyAdmin always gives "Access denied" when using HTTP authentication..

Open the main phpMyAdmin directory in your browser.
phpMyAdmin should now display a welcome screen and your databases, or
a login dialog if using HTTP or
cookie authentication mode.

Setup script on Debian, Ubuntu and derivatives¶

Debian and Ubuntu have changed the way in which the setup script is enabled and disabled, in a way
that single command has to be executed for either of these.

To allow editing configuration invoke:

/usr/sbin/pma-configure

To block editing configuration invoke:

/usr/sbin/pma-secure

Setup script on openSUSE¶

Some openSUSE releases do not include setup script in the package. In case you
want to generate configuration on these you can either download original
package from <https://www.phpmyadmin.net/> or use setup script on our demo
server: <https://demo.phpmyadmin.net/master/setup/>.

Verifying phpMyAdmin releases¶

Since July 2015 all phpMyAdmin releases are cryptographically signed by the
releasing developer, who through January 2016 was Marc Delisle. His key id is
0xFEFC65D181AF644A, his PGP fingerprint is:

436F F188 4B1A 0C3F DCBF 0D79 FEFC 65D1 81AF 644A

and you can get more identification information from <https://keybase.io/lem9>.

Beginning in January 2016, the release manager is Isaac Bennetch. His key id is
0xCE752F178259BD92, and his PGP fingerprint is:

3D06 A59E CE73 0EB7 1B51 1C17 CE75 2F17 8259 BD92

and you can get more identification information from <https://keybase.io/ibennetch>.

Some additional downloads (for example themes) might be signed by Michal Čihař. His key id is
0x9C27B31342B7511D, and his PGP fingerprint is:

63CB 1DF1 EF12 CF2A C0EE 5A32 9C27 B313 42B7 511D

and you can get more identification information from <https://keybase.io/nijel>.

You should verify that the signature matches the archive you have downloaded.
This way you can be sure that you are using the same code that was released.
You should also verify the date of the signature to make sure that you
downloaded the latest version.

Each archive is accompanied by .asc files which contain the PGP signature
for it. Once you have both of them in the same folder, you can verify the signature:

$ gpg --verify phpMyAdmin-4.5.4.1-all-languages.zip.asc
gpg: Signature made Fri 29 Jan 2016 08:59:37 AM EST using RSA key ID 8259BD92
gpg: Can't check signature: public key not found

As you can see gpg complains that it does not know the public key. At this
point, you should do one of the following steps:

Download the keyring from our download server, then import it with:

$ gpg --import phpmyadmin.keyring

Download and import the key from one of the key servers:

$ gpg --keyserver hkp://pgp.mit.edu --recv-keys 3D06A59ECE730EB71B511C17CE752F178259BD92
gpg: requesting key 8259BD92 from hkp server pgp.mit.edu
gpg: key 8259BD92: public key "Isaac Bennetch <bennetch@gmail.com>" imported
gpg: no ultimately trusted keys found
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg:               imported: 1  (RSA: 1)

This will improve the situation a bit - at this point, you can verify that the
signature from the given key is correct but you still can not trust the name used
in the key:

$ gpg --verify phpMyAdmin-4.5.4.1-all-languages.zip.asc
gpg: Signature made Fri 29 Jan 2016 08:59:37 AM EST using RSA key ID 8259BD92
gpg: Good signature from "Isaac Bennetch <bennetch@gmail.com>"
gpg:                 aka "Isaac Bennetch <isaac@bennetch.org>"
gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
gpg:          There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
Primary key fingerprint: 3D06 A59E CE73 0EB7 1B51  1C17 CE75 2F17 8259 BD92

The problem here is that anybody could issue the key with this name.  You need to
ensure that the key is actually owned by the mentioned person.  The GNU Privacy
Handbook covers this topic in the chapter Validating other keys on your public
keyring. The most reliable method is to meet the developer in person and
exchange key fingerprints, however, you can also rely on the web of trust. This way
you can trust the key transitively though signatures of others, who have met
the developer in person. For example, you can see how Isaac's key links to
Linus's key.

Once the key is trusted, the warning will not occur:

$ gpg --verify phpMyAdmin-4.5.4.1-all-languages.zip.asc
gpg: Signature made Fri 29 Jan 2016 08:59:37 AM EST using RSA key ID 8259BD92
gpg: Good signature from "Isaac Bennetch <bennetch@gmail.com>" [full]

Should the signature be invalid (the archive has been changed), you would get a
clear error regardless of the fact that the key is trusted or not:

$ gpg --verify phpMyAdmin-4.5.4.1-all-languages.zip.asc
gpg: Signature made Fri 29 Jan 2016 08:59:37 AM EST using RSA key ID 8259BD92
gpg: BAD signature from "Isaac Bennetch <bennetch@gmail.com>" [unknown]

phpMyAdmin configuration storage¶

Changed in version 3.4.0: Prior to phpMyAdmin 3.4.0 this was called Linked Tables Infrastructure, but
the name was changed due to the extended scope of the storage.

For a whole set of additional features (Bookmarks, comments, SQL-history,
tracking mechanism, PDF-generation, Transformations, Relations
etc.) you need to create a set of special tables.  Those tables can be located
in your own database, or in a central database for a multi-user installation
(this database would then be accessed by the controluser, so no other user
should have rights to it).

Zero configuration¶

In many cases, this database structure can be automatically created and
configured. This is called "Zero Configuration" mode and can be particularly
useful in shared hosting situations. "Zeroconf" mode is on by default, to
disable set $cfg['ZeroConf'] to false.

The following three scenarios are covered by the Zero Configuration mode:

When entering a database where the configuration storage tables are not
present, phpMyAdmin offers to create them from the Operations tab.

When entering a database where the tables do already exist, the software
automatically detects this and begins using them. This is the most common
situation; after the tables are initially created automatically they are
continually used without disturbing the user; this is also most useful on
shared hosting where the user is not able to edit config.inc.php and
usually the user only has access to one database.

When having access to multiple databases, if the user first enters the
database containing the configuration storage tables then switches to
another database,
phpMyAdmin continues to use the tables from the first database; the user is
not prompted to create more tables in the new database.

Manual configuration¶

Please look at your ./sql/ directory, where you should find a
file called create_tables.sql. (If you are using a Windows server,
pay special attention to 1.23 I'm running MySQL on a Win32 machine. Each time I create a new table the table and column names are changed to lowercase!).

If you already had this infrastructure and:

upgraded to MySQL 4.1.2 or newer, please use
sql/upgrade_tables_mysql_4_1_2+.sql.

upgraded to phpMyAdmin 4.3.0 or newer from 2.5.0 or newer (<= 4.2.x),
please use sql/upgrade_column_info_4_3_0+.sql.

upgraded to phpMyAdmin 4.7.0 or newer from 4.3.0 or newer,
please use sql/upgrade_tables_4_7_0+.sql.

and then create new tables by importing sql/create_tables.sql.

You can use your phpMyAdmin to create the tables for you. Please be
aware that you may need special (administrator) privileges to create
the database and tables, and that the script may need some tuning,
depending on the database name.

After having imported the sql/create_tables.sql file, you
should specify the table names in your config.inc.php file. The
directives used for that can be found in the Configuration.

You will also need to have a controluser
($cfg['Servers'][$i]['controluser'] and
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['controlpass'] settings)
with the proper rights to those tables. For example you can create it
using following statement:

GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON <pma_db>.* TO 'pma'@'localhost'  IDENTIFIED BY 'pmapass';

Upgrading from an older version¶

Warning

Never extract the new version over an existing installation of
phpMyAdmin, always first remove the old files keeping just the
configuration.

This way, you will not leave any old or outdated files in the directory,
which can have severe security implications or can cause various breakages.

Simply copy config.inc.php from your previous installation into
the newly unpacked one. Configuration files from old versions may
require some tweaking as some options have been changed or removed.
For compatibility with PHP 5.3 and later, remove a
set_magic_quotes_runtime(0); statement that you might find near
the end of your configuration file.

You should not copy libraries/config.default.php over
config.inc.php because the default configuration file is version-
specific.

The complete upgrade can be performed in a few simple steps:

Download the latest phpMyAdmin version from <https://www.phpmyadmin.net/downloads/>.

Rename existing phpMyAdmin folder (for example to phpmyadmin-old).

Unpack freshly downloaded phpMyAdmin to the desired location (for example phpmyadmin).

Copy config.inc.php` from old location (phpmyadmin-old) to the new one (phpmyadmin).

Test that everything works properly.

Remove backup of a previous version (phpmyadmin-old).

If you have upgraded your MySQL server from a version previous to 4.1.2 to
version 5.x or newer and if you use the phpMyAdmin configuration storage, you
should run the SQL script found in
sql/upgrade_tables_mysql_4_1_2+.sql.

If you have upgraded your phpMyAdmin to 4.3.0 or newer from 2.5.0 or
newer (<= 4.2.x) and if you use the phpMyAdmin configuration storage, you
should run the SQL script found in
sql/upgrade_column_info_4_3_0+.sql.

Do not forget to clear the browser cache and to empty the old session by
logging out and logging in again.

Using authentication modes¶

HTTP and cookie authentication modes are recommended in a multi-user
environment where you want to give users access to their own database and
don't want them to play around with others. Nevertheless, be aware that MS
Internet Explorer seems to be really buggy about cookies, at least till version
6. Even in a single-user environment, you might prefer to use HTTP
or cookie mode so that your user/password pair are not in clear in the
configuration file.

HTTP and cookie authentication
modes are more secure: the MySQL login information does not need to be
set in the phpMyAdmin configuration file (except possibly for the
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['controluser']).
However, keep in mind that the password travels in plain text unless
you are using the HTTPS protocol. In cookie mode, the password is
stored, encrypted with the AES algorithm, in a temporary cookie.

Then each of the true users should be granted a set of privileges
on a set of particular databases. Normally you shouldn't give global
privileges to an ordinary user unless you understand the impact of those
privileges (for example, you are creating a superuser).
For example, to grant the user real_user with all privileges on
the database user_base:

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON user_base.* TO 'real_user'@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'real_password';

What the user may now do is controlled entirely by the MySQL user management
system. With HTTP or cookie authentication mode, you don't need to fill the
user/password fields inside the $cfg['Servers'].

See also

1.32 Can I use HTTP authentication with IIS?,
1.35 Can I use HTTP authentication with Apache CGI?,
4.1 I'm an ISP. Can I setup one central copy of phpMyAdmin or do I need to install it for each customer?,
4.2 What's the preferred way of making phpMyAdmin secure against evil access?,
4.3 I get errors about not being able to include a file in /lang or in /libraries.

HTTP authentication mode¶

Uses HTTP Basic authentication
method and allows you to log in as any valid MySQL user.

Is supported with most PHP configurations. For IIS (ISAPI)
support using CGI PHP see 1.32 Can I use HTTP authentication with IIS?, for using with Apache
CGI see 1.35 Can I use HTTP authentication with Apache CGI?.

When PHP is running under Apache's mod_proxy_fcgi (e.g. with PHP-FPM),
Authorization headers are not passed to the underlying FCGI application,
such that your credentials will not reach the application. In this case, you can
add the following configuration directive:

SetEnvIf Authorization "(.*)" HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=$1

See also 4.4 phpMyAdmin always gives "Access denied" when using HTTP authentication. about not using the .htaccess mechanism along with
'HTTP' authentication mode.

Note

There is no way to do proper logout in HTTP authentication, most browsers
will remember credentials until there is no different successful
authentication. Because of this, this method has a limitation that you can not
login with the same user after logout.

Cookie authentication mode¶

Username and password are stored in cookies during the session and password
is deleted when it ends.

With this mode, the user can truly log out of phpMyAdmin and log
back in with the same username (this is not possible with HTTP authentication mode).

If you want to allow users to enter any hostname to connect (rather than only
servers that are configured in config.inc.php),
see the $cfg['AllowArbitraryServer'] directive.

As mentioned in the Requirements section, having the openssl extension
will speed up access considerably, but is not required.

Signon authentication mode¶

This mode is a convenient way of using credentials from another
application to authenticate to phpMyAdmin to implement a single signon
solution.

The other application has to store login information into session
data (see $cfg['Servers'][$i]['SignonSession'] and
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['SignonCookieParams']) or you
need to implement script to return the credentials (see
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['SignonScript']).

When no credentials are available, the user is being redirected to
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['SignonURL'], where you should handle
the login process.

The very basic example of saving credentials in a session is available as
examples/signon.php:

<?php
/* vim: set expandtab sw=4 ts=4 sts=4: */
/**
 * Single signon for phpMyAdmin
 *
 * This is just example how to use session based single signon with
 * phpMyAdmin, it is not intended to be perfect code and look, only
 * shows how you can integrate this functionality in your application.
 *
 * @package    PhpMyAdmin
 * @subpackage Example
 */

/* Use cookies for session */
ini_set('session.use_cookies', 'true');
/* Change this to true if using phpMyAdmin over https */
$secure_cookie = false;
/* Need to have cookie visible from parent directory */
session_set_cookie_params(0, '/', '', $secure_cookie, true);
/* Create signon session */
$session_name = 'SignonSession';
session_name($session_name);
// Uncomment and change the following line to match your $cfg['SessionSavePath']
//session_save_path('/foobar');
@session_start();

/* Was data posted? */
if (isset($_POST['user'])) {
    /* Store there credentials */
    $_SESSION['PMA_single_signon_user'] = $_POST['user'];
    $_SESSION['PMA_single_signon_password'] = $_POST['password'];
    $_SESSION['PMA_single_signon_host'] = $_POST['host'];
    $_SESSION['PMA_single_signon_port'] = $_POST['port'];
    /* Update another field of server configuration */
    $_SESSION['PMA_single_signon_cfgupdate'] = array('verbose' => 'Signon test');
    $id = session_id();
    /* Close that session */
    @session_write_close();
    /* Redirect to phpMyAdmin (should use absolute URL here!) */
    header('Location: ../index.php');
} else {
    /* Show simple form */
    header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8');
    echo '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>' , "\n";
    ?>
    <!DOCTYPE HTML>
    <html lang="en" dir="ltr">
    <head>
    <link rel="icon" href="../favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <title>phpMyAdmin single signon example</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <?php
    if (isset($_SESSION['PMA_single_signon_error_message'])) {
        echo '<p class="error">';
        echo $_SESSION['PMA_single_signon_error_message'];
        echo '</p>';
    }
    ?>
    <form action="signon.php" method="post">
    Username: <input type="text" name="user" /><br />
    Password: <input type="password" name="password" /><br />
    Host: (will use the one from config.inc.php by default)
    <input type="text" name="host" /><br />
    Port: (will use the one from config.inc.php by default)
    <input type="text" name="port" /><br />
    <input type="submit" />
    </form>
    </body>
    </html>
    <?php
}
?>

Alternatively, you can also use this way to integrate with OpenID as shown
in examples/openid.php:

<?php
/* vim: set expandtab sw=4 ts=4 sts=4: */
/**
 * Single signon for phpMyAdmin using OpenID
 *
 * This is just example how to use single signon with phpMyAdmin, it is
 * not intended to be perfect code and look, only shows how you can
 * integrate this functionality in your application.
 *
 * It uses OpenID pear package, see https://pear.php.net/package/OpenID
 *
 * User first authenticates using OpenID and based on content of $AUTH_MAP
 * the login information is passed to phpMyAdmin in session data.
 *
 * @package    PhpMyAdmin
 * @subpackage Example
 */

if (false === @include_once 'OpenID/RelyingParty.php') {
    exit;
}

/* Change this to true if using phpMyAdmin over https */
$secure_cookie = false;

/**
 * Map of authenticated users to MySQL user/password pairs.
 */
$AUTH_MAP = array(
    'https://launchpad.net/~username' => array(
        'user' => 'root',
        'password' => '',
        ),
    );

/**
 * Simple function to show HTML page with given content.
 *
 * @param string $contents Content to include in page
 *
 * @return void
 */
function Show_page($contents)
{
    header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8');
    echo '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>' , "\n";
    ?>
    <!DOCTYPE HTML>
    <html lang="en" dir="ltr">
    <head>
    <link rel="icon" href="../favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <title>phpMyAdmin OpenID signon example</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <?php
    if (isset($_SESSION) && isset($_SESSION['PMA_single_signon_error_message'])) {
        echo '<p class="error">' , $_SESSION['PMA_single_signon_message'] , '</p>';
        unset($_SESSION['PMA_single_signon_message']);
    }
    echo $contents;
    ?>
    </body>
    </html>
    <?php
}

/**
 * Display error and exit
 *
 * @param Exception $e Exception object
 *
 * @return void
 */
function Die_error($e)
{
    $contents = "<div class='relyingparty_results'>\n";
    $contents .= "<pre>" . htmlspecialchars($e->getMessage()) . "</pre>\n";
    $contents .= "</div class='relyingparty_results'>";
    Show_page($contents);
    exit;
}

/* Need to have cookie visible from parent directory */
session_set_cookie_params(0, '/', '', $secure_cookie, true);
/* Create signon session */
$session_name = 'SignonSession';
session_name($session_name);
@session_start();

// Determine realm and return_to
$base = 'http';
if (isset($_SERVER['HTTPS']) && $_SERVER['HTTPS'] == 'on') {
    $base .= 's';
}
$base .= '://' . $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'] . ':' . $_SERVER['SERVER_PORT'];

$realm = $base . '/';
$returnTo = $base . dirname($_SERVER['PHP_SELF']);
if ($returnTo[strlen($returnTo) - 1] != '/') {
    $returnTo .= '/';
}
$returnTo .= 'openid.php';

/* Display form */
if (!count($_GET) && !count($_POST) || isset($_GET['phpMyAdmin'])) {
    /* Show simple form */
    $content = '<form action="openid.php" method="post">
OpenID: <input type="text" name="identifier" /><br />
<input type="submit" name="start" />
</form>
</body>
</html>';
    Show_page($content);
    exit;
}

/* Grab identifier */
if (isset($_POST['identifier']) && is_string($_POST['identifier'])) {
    $identifier = $_POST['identifier'];
} elseif (isset($_SESSION['identifier']) && is_string($_SESSION['identifier'])) {
    $identifier = $_SESSION['identifier'];
} else {
    $identifier = null;
}

/* Create OpenID object */
try {
    $o = new OpenID_RelyingParty($returnTo, $realm, $identifier);
} catch (Exception $e) {
    Die_error($e);
}

/* Redirect to OpenID provider */
if (isset($_POST['start'])) {
    try {
        $authRequest = $o->prepare();
    } catch (Exception $e) {
        Die_error($e);
    }

    $url = $authRequest->getAuthorizeURL();

    header("Location: $url");
    exit;
} else {
    /* Grab query string */
    if (!count($_POST)) {
        list(, $queryString) = explode('?', $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']);
    } else {
        // I hate php sometimes
        $queryString = file_get_contents('php://input');
    }

    /* Check reply */
    try {
        $message = new OpenID_Message($queryString, OpenID_Message::FORMAT_HTTP);
    } catch (Exception $e) {
        Die_error($e);
    }

    $id = $message->get('openid.claimed_id');

    if (!empty($id) && isset($AUTH_MAP[$id])) {
        $_SESSION['PMA_single_signon_user'] = $AUTH_MAP[$id]['user'];
        $_SESSION['PMA_single_signon_password'] = $AUTH_MAP[$id]['password'];
        session_write_close();
        /* Redirect to phpMyAdmin (should use absolute URL here!) */
        header('Location: ../index.php');
    } else {
        Show_page('<p>User not allowed!</p>');
        exit;
    }
}

If you intend to pass the credentials using some other means than, you have to
implement wrapper in PHP to get that data and set it to
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['SignonScript']. There is a very minimal example
in examples/signon-script.php:

<?php
/* vim: set expandtab sw=4 ts=4 sts=4: */
/**
 * Single signon for phpMyAdmin
 *
 * This is just example how to use script based single signon with
 * phpMyAdmin, it is not intended to be perfect code and look, only
 * shows how you can integrate this functionality in your application.
 *
 * @package    PhpMyAdmin
 * @subpackage Example
 */

/**
 * This function returns username and password.
 *
 * It can optionally use configured username as parameter.
 *
 * @param string $user User name
 *
 * @return array
 */
function get_login_credentials($user)
{
    /* Optionally we can use passed username */
    if (!empty($user)) {
        return array($user, 'password');
    }

    /* Here we would retrieve the credentials */
    $credentials = array('root', '');

    return $credentials;
}

See also

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['auth_type'],
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['SignonSession'],
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['SignonCookieParams'],
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['SignonScript'],
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['SignonURL'],
Example for signon authentication

Config authentication mode¶

This mode is sometimes the less secure one because it requires you to fill the
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['user'] and
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['password']
fields (and as a result, anyone who can read your config.inc.php
can discover your username and password).

In the ISPs, multi-user installations section, there is an entry explaining how
to protect your configuration file.

For additional security in this mode, you may wish to consider the
Host authentication $cfg['Servers'][$i]['AllowDeny']['order']
and $cfg['Servers'][$i]['AllowDeny']['rules'] configuration directives.

Unlike cookie and http, does not require a user to log in when first
loading the phpMyAdmin site. This is by design but could allow any
user to access your installation. Use of some restriction method is
suggested, perhaps a .htaccess file with the HTTP-AUTH directive or disallowing
incoming HTTP requests at one's router or firewall will suffice (both
of which are beyond the scope of this manual but easily searchable
with Google).

Securing your phpMyAdmin installation¶

The phpMyAdmin team tries hard to make the application secure, however there
are always ways to make your installation more secure:

Follow our Security announcements and upgrade
phpMyAdmin whenever new vulnerability is published.

Serve phpMyAdmin on HTTPS only. Preferably, you should use HSTS as well, so that
you're protected from protocol downgrade attacks.

Ensure your PHP setup follows recommendations for production sites, for example
display_errors
should be disabled.

Remove the test directory from phpMyAdmin, unless you are developing and need a test suite.

Remove the setup directory from phpMyAdmin, you will probably not
use it after the initial setup.

Properly choose an authentication method - Cookie authentication mode
is probably the best choice for shared hosting.

Deny access to auxiliary files in ./libraries/ or
./templates/ subfolders in your webserver configuration.
Such configuration prevents from possible path exposure and cross side
scripting vulnerabilities that might happen to be found in that code. For the
Apache webserver, this is often accomplished with a .htaccess file in
those directories.

Deny access to temporary files, see $cfg['TempDir'] (if that
is placed inside your web root, see also Web server upload/save/import directories.

It is generally a good idea to protect a public phpMyAdmin installation
against access by robots as they usually can not do anything good there. You
can do this using robots.txt file in the root of your webserver or limit
access by web server configuration, see 1.42 How can I prevent robots from accessing phpMyAdmin?.

In case you don't want all MySQL users to be able to access
phpMyAdmin, you can use $cfg['Servers'][$i]['AllowDeny']['rules'] to limit them
or $cfg['Servers'][$i]['AllowRoot'] to deny root user access.

Enable Two-factor authentication for your account.

Consider hiding phpMyAdmin behind an authentication proxy, so that
users need to authenticate prior to providing MySQL credentials
to phpMyAdmin. You can achieve this by configuring your web server to request
HTTP authentication. For example in Apache this can be done with:

AuthType Basic
AuthName "Restricted Access"
AuthUserFile /usr/share/phpmyadmin/passwd
Require valid-user

Once you have changed the configuration, you need to create a list of users which
can authenticate. This can be done using the htpasswd utility:

htpasswd -c /usr/share/phpmyadmin/passwd username

If you are afraid of automated attacks, enabling Captcha by
$cfg['CaptchaLoginPublicKey'] and
$cfg['CaptchaLoginPrivateKey'] might be an option.

Failed login attemps are logged to syslog (if available, see
$cfg['AuthLog']). This can allow using a tool such as
fail2ban to block brute-force attempts. Note that the log file used by syslog
is not the same as the Apache error or access log files.

In case you're running phpMyAdmin together with other PHP applications, it is
generally advised to use separate session storage for phpMyAdmin to avoid
possible session-based attacks against it. You can use
$cfg['SessionSavePath'] to achieve this.

Using SSL for connection to database server¶

It is recommended to use SSL when connecting to remote database server. There
are several configuration options involved in the SSL setup:

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl']

Defines whether to use SSL at all. If you enable only this, the connection
will be encrypted, but there is not authentication of the connection - you
can not verify that you are talking to the right server.

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_key'] and $cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_cert']

This is used for authentication of client to the server.

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_ca'] and $cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_ca_path']

The certificate authorities you trust for server certificates.
This is used to ensure that you are talking to a trusted server.

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_verify']

This configuration disables server certificate verification. Use with
caution.

See also

Google Cloud SQL with SSL,
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl'],
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_key'],
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_cert'],
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_ca'],
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_ca_path'],
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_ciphers'],
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_verify']

Known issues¶

Users with column-specific privileges are unable to "Browse"¶

If a user has only column-specific privileges on some (but not all) columns in a table, "Browse"
will fail with an error message.

As a workaround, a bookmarked query with the same name as the table can be created, this will
run when using the "Browse" link instead. Issue 11922.

Trouble logging back in after logging out using 'http' authentication¶

When using the 'http' auth_type, it can be impossible to log back in (when the logout comes
manually or after a period of inactivity). Issue 11898.

Table of Contents

Installation

Linux distributions

Debian and Ubuntu

OpenSUSE

Gentoo

Mandriva

Fedora

Red Hat Enterprise Linux

Installing on Windows

Installing from Git

Installing using Composer

Installing using Docker

Docker environment variables

Customizing configuration

Docker Volumes

Docker Examples

Using docker-compose

Customizing configuration file using docker-compose

Running behind haproxy in a subdirectory

Quick Install

Manually creating the file

Using the Setup script

Setup script on Debian, Ubuntu and derivatives

Setup script on openSUSE

Verifying phpMyAdmin releases

phpMyAdmin configuration storage

Zero configuration

Manual configuration

Upgrading from an older version

Using authentication modes

HTTP authentication mode

Cookie authentication mode

Signon authentication mode

Config authentication mode

Securing your phpMyAdmin installation

Using SSL for connection to database server

Known issues

Users with column-specific privileges are unable to "Browse"

Trouble logging back in after logging out using 'http' authentication

Previous topic

Requirements

Next topic

Configuration

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text:
Meriden communicates with the school community through various channels.
The majority of communication from the School is via email. For this reason it is crucial to advise us of changes to your email address. Parents may update their contact details through the Parent Lounge facility.
Parent Lounge is a secure ICT facility which enables parents to check and update information contained in their daughter's individual school record such as medical information, address and contact details. It is important that this information is always current. Parent Lounge can be accessed easily by logging into eCentral using the parent's personal log-in details.
eCentral, Meriden's intranet, contains comprehensive information for parents, teachers and students. It includes newsletters, uniform requirements, school policies and guidelines, cocurricular and sport information, school bus timetables and application forms, and access to Parent Lounge, Flexischools and online school fee payments.
The system requires personalised log-in which is provided to students and their parents when they commence at the School. Meriden's ICT Department can assist with questions or issues regarding eCentral.
SMS Alert
In the event of a major incident at the School, such as an evacuation or lockdown, parents will be advised and kept updated by SMS.
The SMS system is also used to alert a parent of an unexplained student absence in the Senior School.
The fortnightly Meriden Newsletter contains essential information for Pre-K to Year 12 parents. The newsletter is in electronic format and is emailed each fortnight.
Snapshot is an overview of notices and upcoming activities for the Junior School. It is emailed to Junior School parents fortnightly.
A Senior School Sports Newsletter is emailed to Senior School parents at the commencement and close of each term.
The Meriden Sports App is used to communicate important information about sports including draw releases, draw changes, venue changes and cancellations. The App is the main method of communication throughout the various sports seasons in the Senior and Junior Schools. The Meriden Sports App can be downloaded from the App Store (Apple devices), Play Store (Android devices) and Windows Store (Windows devices). It is free to download for all students, parents and the wider community. Click here for further instructions.
eVe is Meriden's online learning management system which can be accessed by students, parents and teachers. Students and teachers use eVe to collaborate and communicate about school work, class and homework resources, assessment information and cocurricular activities. It also contains student-specific information such as individual timetables, as well as useful website links and access to Meriden's eLibrary catalogue.
Parents of students in Years 7 to 9 are able to view their daughter's eReport through eVe. eReports are updated as assessment tasks are completed and contain grades and other important information about a student's progress.
Daily notices for students in Years 7 to 12 are displayed on digital screens throughout the Senior School campus.
You can find details of Meriden's printed publications on the Publications page.


text:
Akshay Kumar told the story of Taapsee Pannu's next film Naam Shabana
Now Taapsee Pannu is gearing up for the release and promotions of her upcoming movie Naam Shabana after the release of her two movies Running Shaadi and The Ghazi Attack. Taapsee is going to be seen in the role of a spy agent in this film. This film is very important for Taapsee Pannu because she is playing the lead role in the film and this film is connected with Akshay Kumar's much-loved flick Naam Shabana. Naam Shabana is also being told as the first Spin-Off film of Hindi cinema. The movies which are being made on taking the character in leading role from any other film is called as Spin-Off. For example, Akshay Kumar played leading role in Neeraj Pandey's Baby and in this film Taapsee Pannu did a cameo role. In this film, when Akshay Kumar goes to a mission in Kathmandu that time Taapsee gives support to Akshay Kumar on that mission. After this, her character has not been shown in that film. Naam Shabana is based on the same character. In a recent media interaction, Akshay Kumar told that this film is different because there are many films have come on missions but in this film, it will be shown that how to be a spy. In the film, Taapsee is doing lots of action scenes in which she has got help from Akshay Kumar. Recently the leading star cast has completed the shooting of the film and the film is ready to release on 31st March 2017. Prithviraj Sukumar, Manoj Bajpayee, and Eli Avram have joined the star cast of this film.
Mohra film's famous song to be recreated for Abbas Mustan's film Machine
Vidya Balan to work with Rajinikanth in Kabali's Spin-off film
Sara Ali Khan opts out from debut movie because of Amrita Singh!
National Film Award : Complete List
Rishi Kapoor's open challenge to Ram Rahim, strong support to Kiku
Akshay Kumar shared an idea to help the families of our soldiers
'Chak De' girl SagarikaGhatge reveals her wedding plans with Zaheer Khan


Brodzky, Leon. see Brodney, Spencer.
Setting I Exterior of the Rudd family's home, "Single-Top".
II A Room in Dad's house.
III.i Exterior of Dave's hut, "Lillville".
III.ii Exterior of Dad's new house at Saddletop.
IV The interior of the barn on Dad's selection at Saddletop.
Note that the Characters of the Bailiff and the Trooper are omitted from the text of the play, although included in the first production.
Published Currency Press, Sydney, 1984.
See Helen Musa's essay "Who Wrote The Play?" in the Currency Press edition (1984) for details of Manuscripts A, B, C and other versions. ANL (MS 6141 series 2 folder 43-45) Manuscript A, Bailey's handwritten drafts and Manuscript C.
Setting I Stanworth's library and study. A summer evening in 1931.
III.i The same. A summer afternoon six months later.
III.ii The same. That evening.
Published Australasian Press Agency, Sydney, 1932.
Setting The living room of a lonely cottage on a moor. At night.
Published The Author, Sydney, 1930.
Setting I Mrs Fanning's House. The present.
Setting The living-room of the Parkers' small house in a Sydney suburb.
29 Author Beeby, George S.
Setting I. The publishing office of the Boondi Banner.
II.i The drawing room of the Crosslands' homestead. A week later.
II.ii The same. Two nights later.
III.i A parlor of the Commercial Hotel, Boondi. Five days later.
III.ii The publishing office of the Boondi Banner.
Published Concerning Ordinary People: Six Plays, Gordon and Gotch, Sydney, 1923.
30 Author Beeby, George S.
Setting I.i The Board-room of Bamfords Ltd. 1915.
I.ii The same. Three months later.
II.i The Library of John Bamford's London home. Twelve months later.
II.ii A dugout in France. Three months later.
II.iii A corner of No Man's Land. The same night.
III.i A private room in the "Blue Bird" Cafe. Three months after the War.
III.ii The Library of Sir John Bamford's London house. The same day.
31 Author Beeby, George S.
Setting Around a camp fire in a remote forested ravine in Australia.
SATYRS, FAUNS, NYMPHS, BACCHANALS, MAENADS, CENTAURS, etc.
Published Sydney, Tyrrells Limited, 1924, subtitled "Being a narrative...of certain Hyperboreans in search of the Ultimate Form of Art Expression."
32 Author Beeby, George S.
Setting The combined dining-room, kitchen, bath and laundry of the house of the coal miner James Adams.
33 Author Beeby, George S.
Setting I The living room of John Davidson's house.
II A sitting room at "Marsland".
III The Central Criminal Court, Melbourne.
IV The same as Act I.
JUNIOR BARRISTERS, A SHERIFF'S OFFICER, TWO POLICE OFFICERS, JURYMEN, etc.
34 Author Beeby, George S.
Setting I The sitting room of John Ashbourne's apartment, one of three converted flats.
35 Author Beeby, George S.
Setting I.i The dining room of Paul Conway's home at Roseville .
II.i "The Cave", a San Francisco cafe.
II.ii A room in a private hospital in San Francisco.
III.i The same as Act I.
DR AYLWARD, an English physician CONNIE BRIGHT, LOU ADAMS, PETROVSKI, LUDO, ARISTO, CLAUDIA, and OTHERS, habitues of "The Cave"
36 Author Bell, Harold G.
Setting A living room in John Sturdee's house. About 8.00 p.m.
Setting Prologue: A Drawing Room. A Red Cross Post behind the Lines.
I.i A room in Lady Mannaford's Baby Bank.
I.ii The same. Twenty minutes later.
II The same. Two years later. Epilogue: The same as Prologue. Later in the evening.
2. DR McWHIRR, President W.M.A.
Held in MS/TS NUNE: Campbell Howard Collection (Two versions are held, the original performed in 1950, and a shorter, revised text).
Setting I The verandah of the Old House at Chateau Deveron, a vineyard in South Australia. The summer of late 1945.
II.i The drawing room of Sir Bertram Taverner, Governor of a Women's Gaol in Tasmania. The autumn of 1837.
II.ii The living room at Chateau Deveron in 1862.
II.iii The same. October 1885.
III The same. The evening of the same day as Act I.
Setting I The service section of one of the wards in the Memorial Wing of St Agnes' Hospital. The Present.
Published Australasian Publishing Co, Sydney, 1944. Acting edition, Australasian Publishing Co, 1953.
Setting I.i The Library at Bromleigh Hall. England. The present.
Setting I.i Near the gate of Eden. Evening.
III.ii The garden of Cain's house.
IV.ii Where Abel was murdered.
Published Smithson Bros., Melbourne, 1921.
Setting I.i The downstairs sitting room in the Cooper's two-story home in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales. One morning towards the end of the summer of 1955.
I.ii The same. Just after 6.00 pm the same evening.
II.i The upstairs room in the Cooper's home. Early the next morning.
II.ii The same. The same night.
II.iii Two days later, in the morning.
III.i The same as Act I. The next day.
III.ii The same. Late the same afternoon.
Setting The living room at Mingana, a Queensland sheep station.
I An afternoon early in March 1942.
II Early the next morning.
III.i Before dinner that evening.
III.ii After dinner the same night.
Published Here Under Heaven: Three Plays by Mona Brand, Wentworth Press, Sydney,1969. Yackandandah Playscripts, Melbourne, 1989. Also Published in Russian and possibly in Chinese.
I.ii The living room at the Wrexell's private suite at the Hotel de Paris in Taibang. Two days later.
II.i The same. Several days later. About 9.00 p.m.
II.ii The same. Two days later. In the afternoon and evening.
III.i The same. A week later. In the afternoon.
III.ii The same. The same day. About 8.00 p.m.
III.iii Taikong Airport. A week later.
Published Plays, Progress Publications, Moscow, 1965.
Setting A Sydney milk bar, "The Oasis", not far from Taylor Square. The Present.
Setting The living room of a Malayan planter's bungalow.
I One afternoon in early April 1952.
I.ii About midnight the same day.
II.i The next day, shortly before lunch.
II.ii A week later, towards evening.
Published Two Plays About Malaya, Lawrence and Wishart, London, 1954. Russian trans. Iskusstvo, Moscow, 1955. Plays, Progress Publications, Moscow, 1965 [In English]. Chinese, Latvian and Bengali editions. Here Under Heaven: Three Plays, Wentworth Press, Sydney, 1969.
Setting Anteroom in the Imperial Palace in 212 A.D.
AEMILIUS PAPINANUS, an eminent jurist and Praetorian Prefect under the last Emperor, Septimius Severus.
DOMITIUS ULPIANUS AND JULIUS PAULUS, eminent jurists and members of the late Emperor's Privy Council.
Published Angus and Robertson, Sydney, 1931.
Published Angus and Robertson, Sydney, 1910.
51 Author Brereton, John Le Gay, Jr and Hope, A.D. et al.
Setting The Great Hall of the University of Sydney.
Published Australasian Medical Publishing Co Ltd, Sydney, 1928.
Setting The bar of the Dilligar Hotel, Central Queensland.
Published Siebel, New York, 1925.
53 Author Brown, Frank P.
Setting Bush shanty near opal field.
II The veranda at Paroomba Station.
III The living room at Wundary Station.
IV.i Rachel Holmes' flat overlooking Sydney Harbour. Evening. Six months later.
IV.ii The same. Next morning.
Published Hassell Press, Adelaide, 1923. Printed for private circulation only.
Setting A broadCasting studio, high in a New York radio building I 6.30 p.m. on a November evening.
II The same. About 10.00 a.m. the next morning.
III The same. Early the same afternoon.


text:
African Fat-Tailed Gecko
Anole
Blue Tongue Skink
Chinese Water Dragon
Corn Snake
Crested Gecko
Pixie Frog
White Tree Frog
Reptiles »
Lizard With Blue Belly
Why Is A Chameleon Hanging Upside Down
Do Chameleons Hibernate
Bearded Dragon Diarrhea
Can Chameleons See In The Dark
* If you click a link on this page and make a purchase, we may receive a small commission at no extra cost to you. Learn more.
Are you wondering what that lizard with a blue belly is in your yard or the one you came across during your weekend hike? There are thirteen lizards that have blue bellies or blue patches on their bellies in the United States and Canada. The selection of blue bellied lizards includes:
Zebra Tailed Lizard
Desert Spiny Lizard
Eastern Fence Lizard
Sagebrush Lizard
Graphic Spiny Lizard
Yarrows Spiny Lizard
Western Fence Lizard
Texas Spiny Lizard
Crevice Spiny Lizard
Texas-Spotted Whiptail
Little Striped Whiptail
Plateau Spotted Whiptail
Six-Lined Racerunner
Continue reading to find out more about these lizards, helping you identify them with ease.
Zebra-Tailed Lizard
Image by Robby Deans via iNaturalist
The zebra-tailed lizard (Callisaurus draconoides) is from the Southwestern United States and Northwestern Mexico. It lives in the desert, where the soil is hard and the vegetation is scattered. These lizards can grow up to four inches or ten centimeters snout to vent. They are sandy brown in color with dark gray spots on the back and crossbands on their tail. Males tend to have blue patches on their belly, while females have no blue coloration.
Image by bettina-eastman via iNaturalist
The desert spiny lizard (Sceloporus magister) comes from North America and can also be found in California< New Mexico and Mexico. Adult males have blue and violet patches on the belly and throat, their tails and sides are a green blue color. Females and juveniles do not have blue coloration, but rather have dark spots on their belly and backs. They have triangular yellow or brown spots on the shoulders. Their body length can reach up to six inches. They are darker in color during winter, lightening in the summer months. Being darker when it's cooler, helps them absorb more heat while lightening in color reflects solar radiation.
Image by Kimberly Scott via iNaturalist
The eastern fence lizard (Sceloporus undulatus) is a medium sized lizard found on rock piles and forest edges in the eastern United States. This lizard can be found throughout the United States from Florida through to New York. These lizards can grow up to nineteen centimeters or eight inches, including their tail. They are gray or brown in color with a dark line that runs along the thigh. Females are usually gray with dark wavy lines on her back with a white belly and black flecks, some have blue on the belly and throat. Males are brown, but during the summer months they are a blue green color with black sides and throat. Juveniles look like females but are darker in color.
Image by BJ Stacey via iNaturalist
The sagebrush lizard (Sceloporus graciosus) is common and found in the western United States. These lizards are very similar to the western fence lizard but can be distinguished by its smaller and finer scales. The dorsal scales are keeled and gray or tan in color. The main color is light gray or tan stripe running down the back with a lighter stripe on either side. These lizards often grow to around four inches or nine centimeters from snout to vent. These are gray, brown, or olive in color. with blue or green on the dorsal surface. There is a black bar on the shoulder and irregular patterns of banding, which is identified on the tail and body. Females have a white or yellowed belly, while males have blue patches on the throat and abdomen. During the breeding season, males often develop orange coloration. Juveniles look like adults but have no blue markings.
Male graphic spiny lizard with blue belly
The graphic spiny lizard (Sceloporus grammicus) comes from Mexico and the southern United States. This lizard is a fat bodied lizard with a tail that is slightly longer than its full body length. Adults can grow up to eighteen centimeters or seven inches. They are olive or gray with up to six dark crossbars. The tail and forelegs have narrow crossbars. Males have blue patches with black mottling on their throats and blue patches on their bellies.
Yarrow's Spiny Lizard
The Yarrow's spiny lizard (Sceloporus jarrovii) is a medium sized lizard with large pointed overlapping scales and a broad black collar. They can grow up to four inches from snout to vent and the edge of the color has a thin white line, making it easily identifiable. Their base color is gray and olive. Their heads are dark gray or olive with a pale scale which is edged with black. The pale scales reflect oranges, blues, green sand pinks. The underside is white and gray with males having blue patches on the belly and throat. Females have very faint or no belly markings. These lizards can be found in forests, rocky canyons, outcrops, woodlands, and more.
Adult western fency lizard with blue belly
The western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis) is common in Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah, and Northern Mexico, to name a few. The adults have a blue belly. These lizards grow up to nine centimeters snout to vent with a total length of up to twenty one centimeters. They are brown or black in color with black stripes on their backs. Their bright blue belly is what really sets these lizards apart from the others. The sides of their limbs are yellow with blue patches on the throat. Females and juveniles don't have the same coloration. In some, the males have bright turquoise blue spots on their dorsal surface.
Image by Kimberlie Sasan via iNaturalist
This lizard (Sceloporus olivaceus) is native to the south-central United States. Adults grow up to twenty eight centimeters or eleven inches in total length and are gray with black or white coloration with red or brown blotches on the back. Males have a blue belly. The underside is light gray with males enjoying blue patches, they have long toes with sharp claws, which assist in climbing. These are very shy and nervous lizards and will retreat quickly if approached.
The crevice spiny lizard (Sceloporus poinsettii) is a small lizard that can be found in the United States and Mexico. They are usually gray in color but can have a red brown appearance with black and white collar. The underside is gray, with males boasting blue patches on both sides of their belly. The tail has black banding. They can grow up to twelve inches or thirty one centimeters in total length. They are nervous lizards and will retreat quickly if approached. They can be found in semi-arid habitats.
Texas Spotted Whiptail
Image by Laura "Lulu" Bunton via iNaturalist
The Texas spotted whiptail (Aspidoscelis gularis) is a long-tailed lizard found in south-central and southwestern United States and North Mexico. These lizards grow up to twenty eight centimeters or eleven inches. They are tan brown to green brown in color and have gray or white stripes that run the length of their body. The light-colored spots can be found on the sides with a white belly. Males have a red throat and blue belly with blue patches on their chests. Females have pink throats. These active lizards can be found in grasslands and semi-arid areas.
Image by David Renoult via iNaturalist
This lizard (Aspidoscelis inornatus) is found in the United States and Mexico. They grow up to ten inches and are usually black with yellow or white stripes from head to tail with a blue belly. Males have more pronounced blue than females. They are fast moving and very energetic lizards that will hide if approached.
Image by Victor Gomez via iNaturalist
The plateau spotted whiptail lizard (Aspidoscelis scalaris) can be found in the southern United States and Northern Mexico. These are large lizards that grow up to thirteen inches in length from head to tail. They are dark green, black or brown and have up to seven cream stripes running down the body. In some lizards you will see some white spots between the stripes. They have a pale blue or white underbelly with females having an orange throat. This lender bodied lizard has a tail three times the length of its body. These are also fast moving lizards that will run off if approached.
Image by Greg Lasley via iNaturalist
The six-lined racerunner (Aspidoscelis sexlineatus) is common in the United States and Mexico. It is found throughout the southeastern and south-central United States and northern Mexico. These are black, brown, or dark green lizards that have six green-yellow or yellow stripes running down the body from the head to the tail. Females have a white belly, while males have a pale blue belly. Some mails have a light green throat. The tail is double the length of the body. These lizards can run up to twenty nine kilometers or eighteen miles per hour and will dart if approached.
The six-lined racerunner is typically dark green, brown, or black in color, with six yellow or green-yellow stripes that extend down the body from head to tail. The underside is usually white in color on females and a pale blue in males. Males also sometimes have a pale green-colored throat. They are slender-bodied, with a tail nearly twice the body length.
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