text:
Florida Senate - 2020                                     SB 284
By Senator Diaz
36-00269-20                                            2020284__
1                        A bill to be entitled
2         An act relating to homestead assessments; creating s.
3         193.626, F.S.; providing a homestead assessment
4         limitation for school district levy purposes to
5         certain persons age 65 years or older; authorizing
6         persons entitled to and receiving a certain homestead
7         exemption to apply for and receive the limitation;
8         providing that certain other persons may receive the
9         limitation; requiring property appraisers to serve a
10         notice of intent to record a tax lien under certain
11         circumstances; specifying applicable taxes, penalties,
12         and interest if a property was improperly granted the
13         assessment limitation; providing an exception from
14         such penalties and interest; providing that an owner
15         must be given a specified timeframe to pay taxes,
16         penalties, and interest before a lien is filed;
17         providing requirements for such a lien; providing
18         applicability; providing a contingent effective date.
20  Be It Enacted by the Legislature of the State of Florida:
22         Section 1. Section 193.626, Florida Statutes, is created to
23  read:
24         193.626 Homestead assessment limitation for school district
25  levy purposes for certain persons age 65 years or older.—
26         (1) For purposes of school district levies, the assessed
27  value of real estate used as a homestead by a person age 65
28  years or older who has legal or equitable title to the property
29  and who has held legal or equitable title to the property and
30  maintained permanent residence thereon for at least 25 years
31  shall not increase above the assessed value on the January 1
32  immediately following the date the property owner becomes
33  eligible for treatment under this section.
34         (2) Those persons entitled to and receiving the homestead
35  exemption under s. 196.031 may apply for and receive the
36  assessment limitation provided under this section.
37         (3) If title is held jointly with right of survivorship,
38  the person residing on the property and otherwise qualifying may
39  receive the entire amount of the assessment limitation provided
40  under this section.
41         (4) If a property appraiser determines that, for any year
42  within the immediately preceding 10 years, a person who was not
43  entitled to the assessment limitation under this section was
44  granted such limitation, the property appraiser shall serve upon
45  the owner a notice of intent to record in the public records of
46  the county a notice of tax lien against any property owned by
47  that person in the county, which property must be identified in
48  the notice of tax lien. Any property that is owned by the
49  taxpayer and that is situated in this state is subject to the
50  taxes limited by the improper assessment limitation, plus a
51  penalty of 50 percent of the unpaid taxes for each year and
52  interest at a rate of 15 percent per annum. However, if such
53  assessment limitation is improperly granted as a result of a
54  clerical error or omission by the property appraiser, the person
55  who improperly received the limitation may not be assessed the
56  penalty and interest. Before any such lien is filed, the owner
57  must be given 30 days within which to pay the taxes, penalties,
58  and interest. Such a lien is subject to the procedures and
59  provisions set forth in s. 196.161(3).
60         (5) This section first applies to the 2021 property tax
61  roll.
62         Section 2. This act shall take effect on the effective date
63  of the amendment to the State Constitution proposed by SJR ____
64  or a joint resolution having substantially the same specific
65  intent and purpose, if such amendment to the State Constitution
66  is approved at the general election held in November 2020 or at
67  an earlier special election specifically authorized by law for
68  that purpose.


Akro System Bins are great for organizing toys, tools and craft supplies on shelves. Keep items in their place and ensure that smaller items do not fall through Chrome Wire Shelving Units. These sturdy bins are great in the basement, playroom, child's room, and garage. They are configured six across in a single unit.
Wooden dowels for stacking are not included. The manufacturer suggests 3/8" wood dowels from your local hardware store.
We are a Tech company that deals with a lot of small components and this item has served our needs in so many ways, containment and easy access to our inventory. The Shelving Store has been our first go to store for just about a year now I love shopping on this website.


We're all about birds! Come explore both morning and evening with this twice-daily bird watching tour near Arenal Volcano! Whether you are new to birding or more experienced with this fun hobby, there is something for every birdwatcher when you're bird watching with us, because we tailor the whole tour to you!
You can choose to take your walk through the picturesque town of La Fortuna where parakeets meet for the morning gossip session before heading deep into the rainforest, or perhaps you've seen some birds near your hotel that you'd like to learn more about and prefer to explore the grounds close to your home base. We can also take you bird watching in Arenal Volcano National Park if you like. Choose to walk with us in the morning or the evening, or both, for two completely different bird watching experiences! If your goal is to commune with nature and get to know the bird community in and around Arenal, you've come to the right place.
With the help of your expert naturalist bird guide, you can expect to see to see toucans, parrots, macaws, colorful tanagers and parakeets, in addition to less commonly seen bird species like the Royal Flycatchers, White-fronted Nun birds, Cinnamon Woodpeckers and the famous Green Macaw.
All bird watching tours include beverages, and end with a group discussion about the birds we saw and the new things we learned.
As always at The Real Deal Tours, we are committed to offering you the highest quality tours at the best possible prices. Don't miss out on the fun, book your discounted bird watching tour in Arenal today!
Departures: 5:30 AM and 3:00 PM depending on the pick up location.


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Ground Floor Exhibits
First Floor Exhibits
Second Floor Exhibits
A Tribute to Survival
Native Games
Wisconsin Woodlands
Third Floor Exhibits
For many Native Americans, games were a form of entertainment, but they also served important social, ceremonial, and political purposes.
Games often taught skills and values necessary for adult life, such as patience, sportsmanship, dexterity, hand-eye coordination, endurance, and critical thinking. Games also strengthened political and social relationships by creating a communal atmosphere for socialization, a way to resolve conflicts without going to war, and an opportunity for political allies to stay in contact.
Most of the two dozen games displayed in the new temporary exhibit Native Games can be found, with some variation, among tribes in the United States and Canada. All tribes played games of skill and chance, racing and relay games, throwing and catching games, games that imitated hunting and war, games that were played alone and those that were played with a group.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We are pleased to announce the return of Dinner and a Show to fill your ears with beautiful music by Laila Biali and your bellies with a glorious meal by Chef Ben Kramer. Join us for either the early or the late seating on January 24 atKitchen Sync for an unforgettable evening.
Award-winning Canadian singer-songwriter and pianist Laila Biali takes the best of pop, rock,classical, world and soul, informs it with her expertise in jazz, and weaves it intoher musical arrangements and original songs. Her studio recording, Tracing Light, received a JUNO nomination in 2011 for "Best Vocal Jazz Album of the Year". Biali has a unique ability to meld traditional jazz with contemporary pop so effortlessly that neither style seems out of place on the same record. She is also the host of CBC's Saturday Night Jazz.


Ranakpur Temples are located in the village of Ranakpur near Sadri town in the Pali district of Rajasthan. They lie at a distance of 95 kms in the north of Udaipur city. Regular buses from Udaipur are available. Built in the 15th century, Ranakpur temples are the largest temples of the Jain cult.
The Jain temples at Ranakpur are within an enclosure which has been treated as a garden. The complex is also of interest to gardeners on account of the 600 year-old Sacred Tree in the main temple courtyard. The whole temple is build around this tree, Jain temples are renowned for the sensitivity with which they are designed in relation to the surrounding landscape. So they never cut down the tree and when one see's this they are overcome with awe at its intricacy and beauty and how well it is a part of the temple itself.
Jainism does not include a belief in a Supreme Being or creator: it sees the natural world as governed by laws based on the interplay of attributes (gunas) of the substances (dravyas) which comprise the cosmos. Jainism teaches that nature is Interdependendent - so that if one does not care for nature one does not care for oneself. This principle is represented by the visual harmony between the Ranakpur temples and their setting.


Wild Fire Safety Townhall Meeting Wednesday, Sep. 3, 5:30 p.m.
If you live near one of our many canyons in the Navajo Community, this meeting is important to you! On Wednesday, September 3, at 5:30 p.m., Councilmember Scott Sherman is hosting a townhall meeting with fire safety professionals to provide important tips to save y our property and ensure that your family is safe.
Is your home prepared for the next wildfire? If you're not sure, it is important that you attend Councilmember Scott Sherman's Fire Safety Townhall meeting at the Mission Trails Regional Park Visitor Center this Wednesday.
The event will be held at the Mission Trails Visitors Center at One Father Junipero Serra Trail.


At 3 Challenges we understand the growing demand for individuals, groups and organisations to undertake new challenges and what better way to do this than in the great outdoors. We have firsthand experience of the many benefits that a challenge event can provide but ultimately it gives people an opportunity to try something different, push their boundaries and move beyond their comfort zone, and in the process discover the numerous benefits that can impact an individual and team - they are endless. We have ran events for a large number of companies with astounding success, and take comfort in the number of customers who come again for a new and exciting adventure challenge.
What is important is that you as a group embark on a challenge that meets all of your requirements and is within the teams overall capability. Many outdoor activity challenges can be extremely arduous and beyond some people even after excellent fitness preparation, so it is advisable to be realistic about what you undertake. Having a memorable and very enjoyable experience is the key to a good event rather it just being pure endurance as can be the case with, for example, the National 3 Peaks for some people.
3 Challenges offer a variety of challenge events and at different levels so we have something for everyone. We are specialists at combining different activities so that people can experience a range of different skills and challenges, unlike perhaps some of the walking only events which are great but lack the adventurous element that some may seek. Our most popular event by far is the 3 Lakes Challenge, which we designed and started running in 2006 where the aim is to paddle 35km in one day combining the 3 largest lakes in England, which all happen to be in the Lake District. Another favourite is our Lake District Ultra Challenge event which combines a large variety of outdoor activities; a brilliant and tough challenge that offers something for everyone.
All of our events can be on an all-inclusive basis providing accommodation, food, transportation, instructors and guides, logistical staff and all equipment and clothing. Please look at the many UK challenge events we have on offer and should you have any questions please feel free to contact us. If you have a challenge idea and would like assistance to put it all together then let us know as we are experts in designing, organising and running a team outdoor challenge event. We would be more than happy to visit you and provide a detailed presentation on any of our events. Call us today for more information on your next challenge event on 017684 86465.


Angenieux zooms with him. I soooo wish I had the MFT version and an PL adapter, to give them a testride on the BMC.
Oh boy, those are fantastic glass, but sadly one costs more than my car.
Oh well, I always can rent them.
Are these the Optimo DPs? Never shot with them, but heard nothing but good things.
Time to play lottery... I don;t even want to see the price of this one!
Could be good though for those on a modest budget because these high-end offerings will draw in more competitors at the low-end. Although given the problems in pulling off an acceptable low-end may be nearly impossible (that's why there's a high-end that does it right).


Ratchet & Clank has fixed points in the world you can grapple; with the Quake grappling-hook mod and Bionic Commando: Rearmed you point the camera at what you want to attach to; Spider-Man 2 and Energy Hook cast rays out relative to the character, and where the rays intersect physical geometry that's the point where you attach.... A Virtual Reality Grappling Hook! CloudBound is a VR platformer where the player uses a Grappling Hook gun to swing, climb, and fling their way to the top of each level. Using our DFoV System ("Dynamic Field of View") we've managed to dramatically reduce simulation sickness to the point that users can move comfortably at high speeds!
Essentially I want to make it so the player throws their grappling hook, it attaches to a spot, and then the player physically pulls themselves up the rope. This wouldn't be the main source of movement, but it would allow my player to climb.... Produced by Psytec Games, Windlands is a first person grappling hook exploration game. Soar through the ruins of a fallen civilisation and discover the secrets of the ancient world. Designed with full Virtual Reality support for the HTC Vive and Oculus Rift, also works great in Non VR.
10/11/2017 · Make a 2D Grappling Hook Game in Unity – Part 2 Note : This tutorial is intended for an intermediate to advanced audience, and won't cover things such as adding components, creating new GameObjects scripts or the syntax of C#.
22/04/2015 · Great guide, only one clarification, if Dolphin VR start out in high persistence mode, the best way to get low persistence is opening the vr configuration in dolphin and uncheck and recheck the low persistence checkbox.
A great way to move around a VR scene and bring objects to yourself. We will be using the bow and arrow that is built into SteamVR and then customizing it to dash around a scene. We will be using the bow and arrow that is built into SteamVR and then customizing it to dash around a scene.


It was the independence shown by Susan Thornton and the majority of the 17 members of the LCCMR commission that irritated some of the legislators.
Most were surprised when just before Christmas, Susan Thornton was told she was being fired as the director of the Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources.
That's a political pledge that's been fulfilled, though probably not in the way those new leaders once had in mind.
The firing — and current un-firing — of Thornton is the latest show of Republicans stumbling over themselves as they learn how to use — and not use — their newfound power.
Although details have yet to emerge, the entire Thornton fiasco appears to revolve around an attempt by a handful of mostly Republican House members to turn a historically nonpartisan, independent body into an operation that would kowtow to the wishes of such Republican legislators as Rep. Tom Hackbarth, a co-chairman of the LCCMR; Rep. Denny McNamara, who is chairman of the House environment finance committee and a member of the LCCMR board; and House Speaker Kurt Zellers.
The problem with the bullying effort is that Thornton and citizen members of the LCCMR fought back.
The citizen members, many of whom were appointed by a Republican governor, turned to the media and their friends in environmental organizations to protest the firing.
A quiet little firing turned into a high-profile embarrassment.
It's not certain how Thornton will respond to this strange "suspension" letter that was signed by Sen. Michelle Fischbach, who is president of the Senate, and Zellers. Her last day on the job was supposed to be Tuesday.
Thornton's lawyer, Vince Louwagie, and Thornton are attempting to figure out what's going on.
Some basics: Something called the Legislative Coordinating Commission exists in state government as a sort of umbrella group over all the various governmental commissions. Greg Hubinger is director of that body and, in alternating years, the House speaker and the Senate majority leader act as chairs of the LCC board.
Zellers was chair in 2011, and Amy Koch was to take over this year.
Koch, as it turned out, made other choices, blurring the handoff from Zellers to Senate leadership.
By all accounts, Thornton had served the LCCMR honorably for more than 20 years, first as a staff person, and, since 2008, as director.
But apparently it was the independence shown by Thornton and the majority of the 17 members of the LCCMR commission — a combination of legislators from both parties and citizens — that irritated some of the legislators.
The LCCMR makes recommendations to the Legislature on how trust funds from the State Lottery — about $50 million per biennium — should be spent. Up until this year, the Legislature had tended to make very few changes in those recommendations.
But the new majority was looking to spend the money on "boots on the ground" projects, rather than some of the science-based projects favored by the LCCMR majority. And even though most of the science-based projects favored by this year's LCCMR were erased by the Legislature, legislators apparently were offended that Thornton and the LCCMR didn't applaud legislative changes.
"Partisan and anti science" was how Jeff Broberg, a longtime citizen member of the LCCMR described the changes made by the legislative majority.
"Pragmatic and boots on the ground"' is the claim of such people as McNamara.
Many of the LCCMR members believe that Republican legislators already had a former Republican legislator ready to step in and replace Thornton.
But problems with the firing came up immediately. There is apparently some question in state law whether the LCC has the right to hire and fire the LCCMR head. When Thornton was hired in 2008, the LCC's Hubinger clearly stated that the LCCMR had the power to hire — and therefore presumably fire — its director.
That this was going to turn costly presented a whole new set of problems for the Republican legislative leadership.
The LCC already had hired an attorney. Many, including Rep. Paul Thissen, the minority leader and a member of the LCC board, wrote a letter to Zellers and Senjem raising all sorts of questions about the lack of transparency in the firing of Thornton, the sudden postponement of a long-scheduled LCCMR meeting and the attorney.
This business surrounding potential costs of the firing of Thornton is no small thing.
The Legislature, in demanding cuts across state government last session, also cut its own budgets.
The Senate pushed its own cuts into the upcoming session. At this point, it's clear the Senate already will have to make major cuts in its own staff to meet its own budget requirement. The last thing it needs to do is get stuck with legal bills over a firing that clearly was not well thought out.
So will everybody live happily ever after?
At a roundtable discussion on fishing issues Saturday, Broberg was both upbeat but realistic about the suspended dismissal.
Submitted by Dimitri Drekonja on 01/09/2012 - 09:37 am.
Ah, the party of fiscal responsibility. Legal bills aren't cheap, so going out of your way to pay more of them is a strange strategy. Between having to defend this silliness, and presumably also having to defend themselves against Brodkorb's firing (he's also retained a lawyer, as I understand it), can we periodically get an estimate of how much money the Republicans are wasting on avoidable legal fees?
Submitted by Dennis Tester on 01/09/2012 - 11:01 am.
Wouldn't it be great if the public could see the actual lists of so-called "boots on the ground" versus "science-based" projects so we could look at this story objectively?
Submitted by Jim Roth on 01/09/2012 - 11:02 am.
I agree with Dimitri. The attitude "it's my way or the highway" is fine if you're footing your own legal bills. It's another story if the taxpayers are paying the legal fees for irresponsible actions. "Pragmatic and boots on the ground" is fine as a slogan but you still need to follow the law even if you're legislators.
Submitted by john milton on 01/09/2012 - 11:16 am.
This mess is just one more powerful reason to "suspend" the GOP from being in charge of the Legislature. They hate government, and clearly aren't very good at it.
Submitted by Tim Walker on 01/09/2012 - 11:16 am.
The Internet comes to the rescue, Dennis!
Submitted by Jeremy Powers on 01/09/2012 - 11:27 am.
Two comments: One – the headline portion "growing pains" really could be translated into "they have NO idea of what they are doing." Two – I'm not too sure how many of these right-wing ideologues care one whit about science. Based on some of their anti-climate change drivel and proclaimed expertise about things based on reading religious journals, I worry every day that the some of the legislators are just making this up. For instance, a few years ago the Republican legislators insisted that language in the education bill not use the word "evolution" for children under 8th grade. Teachers were to use the non-scientific words "changes in nature over time." Why would ANYONE trust anything they claim to be science when they are the least "scientific" group of individuals in the state except for some Luddite religious nuts.
Submitted by Bernice Vetsch on 01/09/2012 - 12:07 pm.
I think we can assume that the "anti-science" cuts were to programs that foster the development of renewable energy sources instead of those favored by the oil, coal and nuclear industries.
Members of the Republican legislature who are also members of ALEC have followed Grover Norquist's desire to make state legislatures meaner places very well.
Submitted by Neal Rovick on 01/09/2012 - 12:15 pm.
No mystery, no secrecy there. Although it is true, there is a lot of that damnable science stuff.
Submitted by Eric Ferguson on 01/09/2012 - 12:18 pm.
I might buy the notion this screw up was inexperience and clumsiness if the Zellers was really new to this, but the GOP had the majority in the House quite a while before losing it in the 2006 elections. This mistake wasn't inexperience, this was ideology and arrogance.
Submitted by Thomas Swift on 01/09/2012 - 12:22 pm.
And this bit of leftist boiler plate is indicative of the "non-partisan" environment this commission operates in, I think "a new direction" is long overdue.
Dennis also brings a welcome observation: "boots on the ground" vs. "science based"?
Submitted by jody rooney on 01/09/2012 - 01:31 pm.
Some one should probably audit the legislative expenditures and to be fair the Commission projects to see that they are in compliance with statute.
This perhaps means that the Commission should not fund any new planning or development in existing state facilities. That would mean that "boots on the ground" money should be going to non state entities and to research organizations.
Submitted by Rod Loper on 01/09/2012 - 01:34 pm.
opinions held in the majority caucus.
Submitted by Ron Brochu on 01/09/2012 - 01:49 pm.
Did I get this right? Minnesota is so flush with gaming money that it needs a paid staff to find ways to spend it? This certainly doesn't sound like a legitimate reason to legalize a vice that ruins lives. Let's pay down the state's debt instead of preying on the poor to fund more soft money projects that most likely create high-paying public sector positions.
Submitted by Tom Christensen on 01/09/2012 - 04:27 pm.
The GOP continues to spin. They are trying to make it seem like their problems are minor. Daily they prove they don't have any idea which way is up as they continue to flail in the wind. It will be a long way out of the political wilderness for the republicans whose house is in total disarray. Culture change won't come easy for the republicans because they have to admit they are broken before they can fix it. The tea party zealots, personal irresponsibility, a highly flawed philosophy, and denial have all taken the republicans right to their knees. They can't even do honest press releases when their problems surface. They have not given anyone any reason to vote for any of their candidates or their philosophy. They will be a viable party again some day but it won't be soon.
Submitted by Henk Tobias on 01/09/2012 - 07:55 pm.
If Dennis and Thomas are any example Republicans will never learn, they quibble about minutia, claim persecution and victimhood and never admit that there's a problem. If there is no problem then there is no need to change.
Submitted by Steven Liesch on 01/10/2012 - 03:22 am.
I went to the site but I was unable to see the programs that the Legislature cut/redirected.As I understand the change in the state constitution this program (Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources) was for the "pie in the sky" type programs/research/science that could be difficult to fund using normal channels.
Submitted by Jim Halonen on 01/10/2012 - 07:43 am.
Yes, we need to know what these "science based" and "boots on the ground" projects are to make an informed decision on who's right – the GOP or the DFL. Without this information, the conservatives will automatically side with Zellers and the liberals with Broberg.
Submitted by J'M S on 01/10/2012 - 11:17 pm.
THis story migh tbe easier to track andmake sens of if you noted which party affiliation each person you cite holds. One tries to keep up on all of this, but I depend on the media for some help with that.
I found myself so lost in this mish-mash of names that I gave up on finishing this article. Please reconsider your new way of telling a story and give enough infor for readers to make sense of it.


text:
Q: Which are the benefits of Kotlin callsInPlace contract? Can anyone explain to me which are the benefits of Kotlin callsInPlace contract? How the compiler takes advantage of knowing that the lambda function will get called in place? Also, the developer get any benefit from it? Like smartcast or so?
Thank you in advance.

A: This contract is not just telling compiler that lambda get called in place, but also (optionally) the amount of times it get called. This allows to compile some code that was uncompilable before contracts were intoduced in Kotlin 1.3.
Example from Dmitry Savvinov's talk (warning, it's in russian) about usage of this contract in stdlib:
public inline fun <R> run(block: () -> R): R {
    contract {
        callsInPlace(block, InvocationKind.EXACTLY_ONCE)
    }
    return block()
}

fun foo() {
    val x: Int
    run {
        x = 42 //Error in 1.2, ok in 1.3
    }
    println(x) //Error in 1.2, ok in 1.3
}

With this contract compiler knows that:

*

*value to x will be assigned exactly once (it's prohibited to reassign value of val, even with the same value).

*x would be initialized by the time of println(x) call (lambda is not just passed into run function, but is actually called inside of it).

Previously, compiler was not sure about these things and issued error just in case.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: _cvLoadImage undefined symbols linking issue i am compiling conv-net (http://conv-net.sourceforge.net/) deep learning library opencv and c++ on my mac osx and i cant seem to get through this error. This seems to be a linking issue. All the opencv libraries are compiled for 64 bit, i tried setting -m64 flag in cmake, nope still not working.
I dont know which library _cvLoadImage() links into??? i am linking properly to proper libraries but cant fix this one error?????
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
  "_cvLoadImage", referenced from:
      _main in testimg.cpp.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make[2]: *** [testimg] Error 1
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/testimg.dir/all] Error 2

i did a -v output of the linker and it shows this...
Linking CXX executable testimg
Apple LLVM version 6.0 (clang-600.0.56) (based on LLVM 3.5svn)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0
Thread model: posix
 "/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/ld" -demangle -dynamic -arch x86_64 -macosx_version_min 10.10.0 -o testimg -search_paths_first -headerpad_max_install_names CMakeFiles/testimg.dir/tst/testimg.cpp.o libcvconvnet.a -lopencv_core -lopencv_highgui -lexpat -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_photo -lopencv_shape -lopencv_features2d -lopencv_ml -lopencv_objdetect -lc++ -lSystem /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../lib/clang/6.0/lib/darwin/libclang_rt.osx.a

A: In opencv 3.1.0 I wasn't able to find the missing symbols in /usr/local/lib/libopencv_highgui.dylib but rather in /usr/local/lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.dylib.
So add -lopencv_imgcodecs to your compilation command.


Taylor and Walker Insurance Group provides voluntary benefits to businesses in Layton, Syracuse, Kaysville, Clearfield, Clinton, Farmington, and surrounding areas.
At Taylor and Walker Insurance Group, we understand that in order to maintain a happy, productive workplace, you need to hold on to quality employees. The best way to keep employees happy is by addressing their concerns with a benefits package that fits their needs. If you work with them, they'll work for you.
Contact a representative at Taylor and Walker Insurance Group to go over all of the voluntary benefits solutions we offer.


text:
Pseudeuchromia is een geslacht van vlinders van de familie spanners (Geometridae), uit de onderfamilie Ennominae.

Soorten
P. ampliflava Semper, 1899
P. curzola Swinhoe, 1902
P. maculifera Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875
P. naufracta Krüger, 2004
P. xena Krüger, 2004

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
DEBUG: https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/euromovelincolnshire/pages/6/features/original/Lincolnshire_banner_blue.jpg?1504710322
The case for a Peoples Vote
Write to Your MP
European Movement UK Blog
Our Supporters to head to London to demand a Peoples Vote
#ImEuropean
Coach to London confirmed
The Lincolnshire European Movement has organised a Coach from Lincoln to London for our supporters to take part in the Peoples Vote March for The Future on Saturday 20th October. Lincoln will be one of 65 (so far) departure points across the country for people who want to take part in the People's Vote March for the Future which looks like being the largest demonstration for a People's Vote on the final Brexit deal ever seen.
Last June over 100,000 marched on Parliament to demand that their voices are heard and with more coach loads of people from all walks of life heading to London this time, this march is expected to be much bigger. This time it will be led by young people whose voices were ignored two years ago, which will make political leaders sit up and take notice.
Our Coach will be a 63 seater, meaning that when added to those who are travelling by train, we are expecting that there will be hundreds of people from the county heading to London to join with tens of thousands of people from across the country to make their voices heard.
There are a still a few tickets left, and we encourage people to book as soon as possible, on the booking page here.
The People's Vote March For The Future will be the most important protest of our generation and we urge all our rapidly growing supporter base to take part.
LincolnshireEuropeanMovement
Follow @EuromoveLincs on Twitter
Published & promoted by European Movement Lincolnshire and European Movement UK, Millbank Tower, 21-24 Millbank, London, England, SW1P 4QP.
The European Movement UK may use the information you've given to contact you. By providing your data to us, you are consenting to us making contact with you in the future by mail, email, telephone, text, website and apps. You can always opt out of communications at any time by contacting us, or by visiting www.europeanmovement.co.uk/unsubscribe. More information can be found in our privacy policy.


text:
100 words 045
For forty four days I wrote and published 100 words every day. I was cutting it close sometimes, getting a post in just before midnight, but I always managed it.
Until yesterday.
Yesterday was a very busy day. I worked hard and I played hard (that's an explanation, not an excuse).
I've been working with a lovely team of designers and developers from John Lewis. They came down to Brighton yesterday and it was very productive.
Then we went for a curry, then karaoke, then a few more drinks. It was past midnight when I got home. No 100 words.
Tagged with 100words writing publishing work karaoke
Previously on this day
10 years ago I wrote The format of The Long Now
Betting on HTML.
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Create the Vote will host a public meeting with Boston mayoral finalist Marty Walsh.
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AACR Cancer Disparities Progress Report
Progress Reports Home
Report Home
A Message from the AACR
The State of Cancer Health Disparities in 2020
Special Feature: Disparities in COVID-19 and Cancer
Understanding Cancer Development in the Context of Health Disparities
Disparities in the Burden of Preventable Cancer Risk Factors
Disparities in Cancer Screening for Early Detection
Disparities in Cancer Treatment
Disparities in Cancer Survivorship
Imprecision of Precision Medicine
Overcoming Cancer Health Disparities through Diversity in Cancer Training
Overcoming Cancer Health Disparities through Science-based Public Policy
The AACR Call to Action
Home > AACR Cancer Disparities Progress Report > Contents > Disparities in Cancer Treatment
In this section you will learn:
Research is driving progress across all five pillars of cancer treatment: surgery, radiation, cytotoxic chemotherapy, molecularly targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.
Clinical trials establish whether new cancer treatments are safe and effective for everyone who will use them if they are approved, so it is concerning that there is a serious lack of racial and ethnic diversity among clinical trial participants.
Despite the advances in cancer treatment, patients from certain population groups, including racial and ethnic minorities, are less likely to receive the standard of care recommended for the type and stage of cancer with which they have been diagnosed.
Several recent studies have shown that racial and ethnic disparities in outcomes for several types of cancer, including prostate cancer and multiple myeloma, can be eliminated if every patient has equal access to standard treatment.
Researchers are working to identify innovative strategies to ensure that all patients can participate in cutting-edge clinical trials and receive standard treatments.
Section Contents
Disparities in Treatment with Surgery
Disparities in Treatment with Radiotherapy
Disparities in Therapeutic Cancer Clinical Trials
Disparities in Treatment with Systemic Therapeutics
Achieving Equity in Quality Cancer Care
The dedicated efforts of individuals working throughout the cycle of biomedical research are constantly powering the translation of new research discoveries into advances in cancer treatment that are improving survival and quality of life for people in the United States and around the world (see Figure 8). Much of the most recent progress was highlighted in the AACR Cancer Progress Report 2019, which documented a record number of new cancer treatments approved by the FDA in the 12 months covered in that edition of the annual report to treat several types of cancer (115)AACR Cancer Progress Report 2019.[cited 2020 Jul 15].. Despite these advances in clinical care, individuals from certain population groups including racial and ethnic minorities continue to experience more frequent and higher severity of multilevel barriers to quality cancer treatment including lack of access to guideline-concordant treatment (223)American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network. Cancer Disparities: A Chartbook. Strategies [Internet]. 2018.[cited 2020 Jul 15]. (see sidebar on Disparities in Cancer Treatment). The same population groups may also experience overt discrimination and/or implicit bias in the delivery of care (253)Penner LA, Blair I V, Albrecht TL, Dovidio JF. Reducing Racial Health Care Disparities: A Social Psychological Analysis. Policy insights from Behav brain Sci [Internet]. NIH Public Access; 2014 [cited 2019 Dec 17];1:204–12.[cited 2020 Jul 15].. Disparities in cancer care among racial and ethnic minorities can be attributed to obstacles in accessing quality health care services, including cutting-edge cancer treatments. The obstacles range from lack of or inadequate health insurance coverage, to low socioeconomic conditions, to transportation difficulties, and to lack of health literacy (223)American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network. Cancer Disparities: A Chartbook. Strategies [Internet]. 2018.[cited 2020 Jul 15]..
These multilevel factors result in racial and ethnic minority populations experiencing greater incidence and mortality from of a number of types of cancers due to delayed diagnosis, a more advanced stage of disease at diagnosis, more rapid progression to aggressive disease, increased rates of development of treatment resistance, higher cancer-specific and cancer-related mortality rates, and worse survival. Each of the potential drivers of disparity can also have a negative impact on responses to both standard treatment and/or novel agents being evaluated in clinical trials. Furthermore, it has been consistently documented that racial and ethnic minorities are underrepresented in clinical trials of new anticancer therapeutics, even for trials that are aimed at cancer types with a disproportionately higher burden among those population groups (257)Duma N, Vera Aguilera J, Paludo J, Haddox CL, Gonzalez Velez M, Wang Y, et al. Representation of Minorities and Women in Oncology Clinical Trials: Review of the Past 14 Years. J Oncol Pract [Internet]. 2017;14:JOP.2017.025288.[cited 2020 Jul 15].(258)Nazha B, Mishra M, Pentz R, Owonikoko TK. Enrollment of Racial Minorities in Clinical Trials: Old Problem Assumes New Urgency in the Age of Immunotherapy. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ book Am Soc Clin Oncol Annu Meet [Internet]. American Society of Clinical OncologyAlexandria, VA; 2019 [cited 2019 Dec 17];39:3–10.[cited 2020 Jul 15].. Here, we highlight the major disparities among racial and ethnic minorities in clinical research participation as well as in the use of the main pillars of cancer treatment (see Figure 9). It is important to note that several recent studies have pointed out that disparities in outcomes for many cancers can be eliminated if every patient has equivalent access to standard treatment (259)Fillmore NR, Yellapragada S V, Ifeorah C, Mehta A, Cirstea D, White PS, et al. With equal access, African American patients have superior survival compared to white patients with multiple myeloma: a VA study. Blood [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2019 Jun 20];133:2615–8.[cited 2020 Jul 15].(260)Williams CD, Salama JK, Moghanaki D, Karas TZ, Kelley MJ. Impact of Race on Treatment and Survival among U.S. Veterans with Early-Stage Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol [Internet]. Elsevier; 2016 [cited 2019 Dec 17];11:1672–81.[cited 2020 Jul 15].(261)Riviere P, Luterstein E, Kumar A, Vitzthum LK, Deka R, Sarkar RR, et al. Survival of African American and non‐Hispanic white men with prostate cancer in an equal‐access health care system. Cancer [Internet]. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2020 [cited 2020 Jan 27];cncr.32666.[cited 2020 Jul 15]..
For many decades, surgery was the only pillar of cancer treatment (see Figure 9). Today, it remains the foundation of treatment for many patients with cancer, including patients with breast cancer, such as Shirley Dilbert, and patients with colorectal cancer, which are two cancer types for which there are survival and overall death rate disparities experienced by racial and ethnic minorities. For cancer types associated with high mortality, such as lung and pancreatic cancer, surgical resection is a key to survival when these tumors are detected at an early stage. For other types of cancer, specialty surgical services are necessary to optimize quality of life after treatment, such as reconstruction surgery for breast cancer patients requiring mastectomy and sphincter-preserving surgery for rectal cancer patients.
Unfortunately, racial and ethnic minorities often experience disparities in surgical management of cancer (see sidebar on Disparities in Cancer Surgery). These disparities are seen across cancer types and for a variety of reasons. For example, socioeconomic disadvantages that are more prevalent in racial and ethnic minority patients such as African Americans and Hispanics can result in diagnostic delays that render these patients less likely to be candidates for curative cancer surgery (262)Molina Y, Silva A, Rauscher GH. Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Time to a Breast Cancer Diagnosis: The Mediating Effects of Health Care Facility Factors. Med Care [Internet]. NIH Public Access; 2015 [cited 2019 Dec 17];53:872–8.[cited 2020 Jul 15].(263)George P, Chandwani S, Gabel M, Ambrosone CB, Rhoads G, Bandera E V, et al. Diagnosis and surgical delays in African American and white women with early-stage breast cancer. J Womens Health (Larchmt) [Internet]. Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.; 2015 [cited 2019 Dec 17];24:209–17.[cited 2020 Jul 15].. Racial/ethnic minority patients are also more likely to receive their cancer care in safety net and public hospitals, which are less likely to have surgical oncology programs that can support complex cancer perioperative needs compared with other hospitals and specialty cancer centers (264)Keating NL, Kouri EM, He Y, Freedman RA, Volya R, Zaslavsky AM. Location Isn't Everything: Proximity, Hospital Characteristics, Choice of Hospital, and Disparities for Breast Cancer Surgery Patients. Health Serv Res [Internet]. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd (10.1111); 2016 [cited 2019 Dec 17];51:1561–83.[cited 2020 Jul 15].. Implicit bias and unconscious discriminatory practices on the part of health care providers can also have an adverse effect on communication regarding disease management (265)Penner LA, Dovidio JF, Gonzalez R, Albrecht TL, Chapman R, Foster T, et al. The Effects of Oncologist Implicit Racial Bias in Racially Discordant Oncology Interactions. J Clin Oncol [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2020 Jan 22];34:2874–80.[cited 2020 Jul 15].(266)Liang J, Wolsiefer K, Zestcott CA, Chase D, Stone J. Implicit bias toward cervical cancer: Provider and training differences. Gynecol Oncol [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2020 Jan 22];153:80–6.[cited 2020 Jul 15]..
The inequities that exist in the receipt of guideline-recommended surgery for racial and ethnic minority patients mandate that all stakeholders work together to improve effective communication and access to health care resources that are important for patients while continuing further research into the mechanisms that perpetuate these disparities. The importance of access to high-quality surgical oncology in efforts to achieve cancer health equity is highlighted by studies showing that if African American and white patients who have colon cancer or early-stage lung cancer are treated with surgery through the equal access Veterans Affairs health care system there are no disparities in survival between African Americans and whites (260)Williams CD, Salama JK, Moghanaki D, Karas TZ, Kelley MJ. Impact of Race on Treatment and Survival among U.S. Veterans with Early-Stage Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol [Internet]. Elsevier; 2016 [cited 2019 Dec 17];11:1672–81.[cited 2020 Jul 15].(271)Robinson CN, Balentine CJ, Marshall CL, Anaya DA, Artinyan A, Awad SA, et al. Ethnic disparities are reduced in VA colon cancer patients. Am J Surg [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2019 Dec 17];200:636–9.[cited 2020 Jul 15].. These data stand in stark contrast to overall U.S. data showing that there are significant African American–white disparities in survival from colon cancer and early-stage lung cancer (272)Esnaola NF, Ford ME. Racial differences and disparities in cancer care and outcomes: where's the rub? Surg Oncol Clin N Am [Internet]. NIH Public Access; 2012 [cited 2019 Dec 17];21:417–37, viii.[cited 2020 Jul 15].(12)DeSantis CE, Miller KD, Goding Sauer A, Jemal A, Siegel RL. Cancer statistics for African Americans, 2019. CA Cancer J Clin [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2019 Feb 15];[cited 2020 Jul 15]..
Radiotherapy became the second pillar of cancer treatment in 1896 (see Figure 9). Currently, about 50 percent of patients diagnosed with cancer have radiotherapy to shrink or eliminate tumors or to prevent local recurrence (273)National Academies of Science, Engineering and M. Appropriate use of advanced technologies for radiation therapy and surgery in oncology: Workshop summary.[cited 2020 Jul 15]. (see sidebar on Using Radiation in Cancer Care).
Unfortunately, racial and ethnic minorities often experience disparities in treatment with radiotherapy. These disparities are seen across cancer types, including the three most commonly diagnosed cancers in the United States—breast, lung, and prostate cancer (34)American Cancer Society. Facts & Figures 2019. Am Cancer Soc Atlanta, Ga. 2019;[cited 2020 Jul 15]..
Radiotherapy is an important part of curing breast cancer, in addition to surgery and chemotherapy. For women with early-stage disease that has not spread outside the breast, delivering radiotherapy to the breast after surgery decreases the risk of breast cancer recurring. Radiotherapy is also important for more advanced stages of disease, when the cancer has spread outside of the breast. Research shows that racial and ethnic minority women with breast cancer are less likely to receive radiotherapy, which may contribute to a higher risk of dying from breast cancer. Compared with white women, African American women with early-stage breast cancer are half as likely to be treated with radiotherapy (274)Mandelblatt JS, Kerner JF, Hadley J, Hwang Y-T, Eggert L, Johnson LE, et al. Variations in breast carcinoma treatment in older medicare beneficiaries. Cancer [Internet]. 2002 [cited 2019 Dec 17];95:1401–14.[cited 2020 Jul 15].. African American and Hispanic women with breast cancer are also more likely to experience delays in beginning radiotherapy compared with white women (275)Freedman RA, He Y, Winer EP, Keating NL. Racial/Ethnic differences in receipt of timely adjuvant therapy for older women with breast cancer: are delays influenced by the hospitals where patients obtain surgical care? Health Serv Res [Internet]. Health Research & Educational Trust; 2013 [cited 2019 Dec 17];48:1669–83.[cited 2020 Jul 15]..
Radiotherapy is part of the treatment for many patients with prostate cancer. Research has shown that among African American men with prostate cancer who receive radiotherapy overall survival is just as good as, if not better than, it is among their white counterparts (276)Kodiyan J, Ashamalla M, Guirguis A, Ashamalla H. Improved Outcomes with Radiation Therapy in African Americans with Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol [Internet]. Elsevier; 2019 [cited 2019 Dec 17];105:E287.[cited 2020 Jul 15].. However, African American men with prostate cancer are less likely to receive radiotherapy compared to white men (277)Fang P, He W, Gomez D, Hoffman KE, Smith BD, Giordano SH, et al. Racial disparities in guideline-concordant cancer care and mortality in the United States. Adv Radiat Oncol [Internet]. Elsevier; 2018 [cited 2020 Jan 22];3:221–9.[cited 2020 Jul 15].. Moreover, African American men with prostate cancer experience a longer time from diagnosis to the start of radiotherapy compared with white men (278)Stokes WA, Hendrix LH, Royce TJ, Allen IM, Godley PA, Wang AZ, et al. Racial differences in time from prostate cancer diagnosis to treatment initiation. Cancer [Internet]. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2013 [cited 2019 Dec 17];119:2486–93.[cited 2020 Jul 15].. In addition, they are less likely to receive treatment with the intent of cure even when presenting with similar disease stage (279)Mahal BA, Aizer AA, Ziehr DR, Hyatt AS, Sammon JD, Schmid M, et al. Trends in disparate treatment of African American men with localized prostate cancer across National Comprehensive Cancer Network risk groups. Urology [Internet]. Elsevier; 2014 [cited 2019 Dec 17];84:386–92.[cited 2020 Jul 15].. These differences were present to a similar extent in both academic and community hospitals (280)Mahal BA, Chen Y-W, Muralidhar V, Mahal AR, Choueiri TK, Hoffman KE, et al. National sociodemographic disparities in the treatment of high-risk prostate cancer: Do academic cancer centers perform better than community cancer centers? Cancer [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2020 Jan 22];122:3371–7.[cited 2020 Jul 15]..
Radiotherapy can be used to cure early-stage lung cancer and is used in combination with chemotherapy with or without surgery in the treatment of advanced-stage lung cancer. Unfortunately, African American lung cancer patients are 42 percent less likely to receive radiotherapy compared with their white counterparts (281)Bradley CJ, Dahman B, Given CW. Treatment and survival differences in older Medicare patients with lung cancer as compared with those who are dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid. J Clin Oncol [Internet]. American Society of Clinical Oncology; 2008 [cited 2019 Dec 17];26:5067–73.[cited 2020 Jul 15]..
Inequities in cancer radiotherapy must be addressed as part of the current efforts to eradicate cancer health disparities among racial and ethnic minorities. Many efforts are underway to understand why these inequities exist and some have provided useful insights into this issue. For example, patient populations that are over-represented among the socioeconomically disadvantaged, such as African Americans and Hispanics, are more likely to rely on public transportation, and so disruptions or delays in service will impact their ability to attend daily radiotherapy. Continued research is needed to better understand the current barriers to the receipt of guideline-concordant radiation therapy for racial and ethnic minorities and to implement effective interventions to address those barriers.
Before a candidate anticancer therapeutic can be used as part of patient care, its safety and efficacy must be rigorously tested in clinical trials. All clinical trials are reviewed and approved by an independent committee known as the institutional review board before they can begin and are monitored throughout their duration. If, after reviewing the clinical trial data, the FDA deems the therapeutic safe and effective it is approved for use and will enter clinical practice.
Clinical trials testing candidate therapeutics for patients with cancer have traditionally been done in three successive phases (see Figure 10). The multiphase clinical testing process requires many patients and takes many years to complete.
Lack of Diversity among Clinical Trial Participants
To ensure that candidate anticancer therapeutics are safe and effective for everyone who will use them if they are approved, it is vital that the participants in the clinical trials testing the agents represent the entire population that may use them. Clinical trials also provide cancer patients the opportunity to receive the newest available treatments; therefore, access to clinical trials should be equitable for all patients. Despite this knowledge, low participation in clinical trials and lack of diversity among those who participate are some of the most pressing challenges in clinical research. It is well documented that racial and ethnic minorities are significantly underrepresented in clinical trials relative to their respective cancer burden in the United States (223)American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network. Cancer Disparities: A Chartbook. Strategies [Internet]. 2018.[cited 2020 Jul 15].(257)Duma N, Vera Aguilera J, Paludo J, Haddox CL, Gonzalez Velez M, Wang Y, et al. Representation of Minorities and Women in Oncology Clinical Trials: Review of the Past 14 Years. J Oncol Pract [Internet]. 2017;14:JOP.2017.025288.[cited 2020 Jul 15].. For example, 13 percent of the U.S. population is African American and African American men are more than twice as likely to die from prostate cancer (12)DeSantis CE, Miller KD, Goding Sauer A, Jemal A, Siegel RL. Cancer statistics for African Americans, 2019. CA Cancer J Clin [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2019 Feb 15];[cited 2020 Jul 15].. However, fewer than 10 percent of participants in the clinical trials that led to the FDA approvals of apalutamide and darolutamide, two recent new treatments for prostate cancer, were African American (282)New Drugs at FDA: CDER's New Molecular Entities and New Therapeutic Biological Products | FDA [Internet]. [cited 2019 Dec 17].[cited 2020 Jul 15]. (see Figure 11).
Recruitment of racial and ethnic minorities in cancer clinical trials based on disease incidence rather than their proportion in the general population will allow researchers to obtain a deeper understanding of the biological determinants of cancer outcomes that may be enriched in one racial or ethnic group or another, but not exclusively so. In studying a proportionately appropriate racially and ethnically diverse population we can understand the genetic, epigenetic, metabolomic, and proteomic factors that correspond with response to therapy, regardless of race.
Identifying the subset of patients whose cancers are most likely to respond to immunotherapeutics, which are innovative new treatments for many types of cancer, is a pressing challenge in cancer care. Immunotherapeutics work by unleashing the power of a patient's immune system to fight his or her cancer, but only about 30 percent of cancers respond to these treatments. Since the ability of tumors to provoke an immune response in the body can differ by racial ancestry, it follows that the inadequate representation of racial and ethnic minorities in clinical trials is a missed opportunity to develop predictive biomarkers to identify responders across more diverse patient populations. Notably, racial and ethnic minority enrollment in pivotal clinical trials leading to FDA approval of immunotherapeutics called immune checkpoint inhibitors is exceedingly low (258)Nazha B, Mishra M, Pentz R, Owonikoko TK. Enrollment of Racial Minorities in Clinical Trials: Old Problem Assumes New Urgency in the Age of Immunotherapy. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ book Am Soc Clin Oncol Annu Meet [Internet]. American Society of Clinical OncologyAlexandria, VA; 2019 [cited 2019 Dec 17];39:3–10.[cited 2020 Jul 15]..
How Can We Overcome the Current Barriers to Trial Participation?
While much work has been done to identify the numerous barriers to cancer clinical trial participation, rates of trial participation for racial and ethnic minorities have not changed substantially over time (257)Duma N, Vera Aguilera J, Paludo J, Haddox CL, Gonzalez Velez M, Wang Y, et al. Representation of Minorities and Women in Oncology Clinical Trials: Review of the Past 14 Years. J Oncol Pract [Internet]. 2017;14:JOP.2017.025288.[cited 2020 Jul 15].. Some of the critical issues that have been identified through these studies include structural barriers such as trial availability, clinical barriers such as restrictive eligibility criteria, logistical barriers such as having to take time off work and needing to find and pay for transportation to and from the research site, and patient/physician-related factors including socioeconomic and cultural issues (284)Unger JM, Vaidya R, Hershman DL, Minasian LM, Fleury ME. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Magnitude of Structural, Clinical, and Physician and Patient Barriers to Cancer Clinical Trial Participation. 2019;111:1–11.[cited 2020 Jul 15]..
While certain barriers to clinical trial participation may be difficult to tackle, some could be addressed immediately. The first would be to conduct clinical trials at facilities that treat a high percentage of racial and ethnic minority patients. Many phase III trials are conducted outside the United States, and those within the United States are often limited to the high-volume cancer centers where minority patients are underrepresented (285)Kanapuru B, Singh H, Fashoyin-Aje LA, Myers A, Kim G, Farrell A, et al. FDA analysis of patient enrollment by region in clinical trials for approved oncological indications. J Clin Oncol [Internet]. American Society of Clinical Oncology; 2017 [cited 2019 Dec 17];35:2539–2539.[cited 2020 Jul 15].. Notably, nearly 85 percent of cancer patients are treated in the community, compared with only about 15 percent in larger, academic centers. It is, therefore, crucial that these studies are available to minority communities. To encourage patients to participate, the clinical research team needs to reach out and work with minority patient populations. For example, the NCI's Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP) is successfully bringing cancer clinical trials into diverse community settings (286)Copur MS, Gulzow M, Zhou Y, Einspahr S, Scott J, Murphy L, et al. Impact of National Cancer Institute (NCI) Community Cancer Centers Program (NCCCP) and NCI Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP) on clinical trial (CT) activities in a community cancer center. J Clin Oncol [Internet]. American Society of Clinical Oncology; 2018 [cited 2019 Dec 17];36:e18500–e18500.[cited 2020 Jul 15]..
Another strategy to diversify clinical trial participants would be to simplify and expand eligibility criteria that often lead to exclusion of racial and ethnic minority patients. These criteria need to keep up with scientific innovation, be pragmatic, and allow flexibility for patients with medical or physical limitations other than their cancer. If candidate anticancer therapeutics are to be given to a broad range of patients once approved, they should be tested in a broad range of patients including those who may have coexisting medical conditions. Furthermore, clinical trials should include collection of real-world data and evidence in the form of patient-reported outcomes, to help us better understand the patient experience from diverse populations.
Increasing diversity among clinical trial participants is perhaps the most important aspect to understanding racial and ethnic differences in treatment outcomes but the effort to mitigate disparities in treatment should not begin or end there, as highlighted by Karen Peterson who participated in a combination immunotherapy trial in 2017. Researchers need to increase minority participation in biobanking, tumor repositories, and genomic analyses, as well as to increase the racial and ethnic diversity of the model systems used to study cancer in order to begin to frame and predict possible effects of genetic and genomic diversity on treatment outcome. To diversify tissue and blood biorepositories we must overcome educational gaps in awareness of the importance of biobanking and participating in clinical research through culturally appropriate and culturally sensitive community-facing education programs that engage and educate diverse populations, neighborhood by neighborhood. In addition, we need continued development of training programs to better enable health care professionals to overcome implicit bias.
Systemic therapy is defined as treatment using therapeutics that travel through the bloodstream, reaching and affecting cells all over the body. Systemic therapeutics for cancer comprise three of the five pillars of cancer care, cytotoxic chemotherapeutics, molecularly targeted therapeutics, and immunotherapeutics (see Figure 9). These treatments can transform lives by improving survival and quality of life for cancer patients, as illustrated by the experience of Fernando Whitehead, who received a cutting-edge immunotherapeutic. However, not all patients receive the treatments recommended for the type and stage of cancer that they have been diagnosed with. Therefore, it is imperative that all stakeholders committed to driving progress against cancer work together to address the challenge of disparities in cancer treatment with systemic therapeutics because these disparities are associated with serious adverse differences in survival.
Cytotoxic chemotherapy became the third pillar of cancer care in the early 1940s. While it remains the foundation of treatment for many cancers, researchers are also constantly developing newer and more sophisticated cytotoxic chemotherapeutics and identifying new ways to use existing cytotoxic chemotherapeutics to improve survival and quality of life for patients. Unfortunately, many reports have documented that African American and Hispanic patients are less likely to receive recommended cytotoxic chemotherapy treatments compared with whites. For example, African American patients with colorectal cancer have been shown to be significantly less likely to be treated with cytotoxic chemotherapeutics compared with white patients and both Hispanic and African American patients with stomach cancer have been shown to be significantly less likely to receive presurgery cytotoxic chemotherapy compared with non-Hispanic whites (21)Lai Y, Wang C, Civan JM, Palazzo JP, Ye Z, Hyslop T, et al. Effects of Cancer Stage and Treatment Differences on Racial Disparities in Survival From Colon Cancer: A United States Population-Based Study. Gastroenterology [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2019 Dec 11];150:1135–46.[cited 2020 Jul 15].(289)Ikoma N, Cormier JN, Feig B, Du XL, Yamal J-M, Hofstetter W, et al. Racial disparities in preoperative chemotherapy use in gastric cancer patients in the United States: Analysis of the National Cancer Data Base, 2006-2014. Cancer [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2019 Dec 17];124:998–1007.[cited 2020 Jul 15]..
Systemic therapeutics directed to the molecules influencing cancer cell multiplication and survival target the cells within a tumor more precisely than cytotoxic chemotherapeutics, which target all rapidly dividing cells, thereby limiting damage to healthy tissues. The greater precision of these molecularly targeted therapeutics tends to make them more effective and less toxic than cytotoxic chemotherapeutics. Molecularly targeted therapeutics have become the fourth pillar of cancer care and are not only saving the lives of patients with cancer, but also allowing these individuals to have a higher quality of life. The effective use of molecularly targeted therapeutics often requires tests called companion diagnostics. Companion diagnostics detect specific molecular abnormalities in cancers to accurately match patients with the corresponding targeted therapy. This allows patients to receive a treatment to which they are most likely to respond, while allowing patients identified as very unlikely to respond to forgo treatment and thus be spared any adverse side effects. The use of molecularly targeted therapeutics has ushered in a new era of precision medicine in which patients are treated based on their particular disease characteristics.
Unfortunately, many recent reports have highlighted that there are striking disparities in the utilization of molecularly targeted treatments among racial and ethnic minority patients. For example, among women with stage III HER2-positive breast cancer, only 56 percent of African American patients received the HER-targeted therapeutic trastuzumab (Herceptin) compared with 74 percent of whites (290)Reeder-Hayes K, Peacock Hinton S, Meng K, Carey LA, Dusetzina SB. Disparities in Use of Human Epidermal Growth Hormone Receptor 2-Targeted Therapy for Early-Stage Breast Cancer. J Clin Oncol [Internet]. American Society of Clinical Oncology; 2016 [cited 2019 Dec 17];34:2003–9.[cited 2020 Jul 15].. African American patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), were less likely to be tested to determine whether their cancer was fueled by a mutation in the EGFR gene compared with white patients and were less likely to be treated with the EGFR-targeted therapeutic erlotinib (Tarceva) (291)Palazzo LL, Sheehan DF, Tramontano AC, Kong CY. Disparities and Trends in Genetic Testing and Erlotinib Treatment among Metastatic Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2019 Dec 17];28:926–34.[cited 2020 Jul 15].. The disparities in the receipt of these highly effective therapies mandates further research to identify current barriers to the use of molecularly targeted therapeutics among racial and ethnic minority patients.
Cancer immunotherapeutics work by unleashing the power of a patient's immune system to fight cancer the way it fights pathogens like the virus that causes flu and the bacterium that causes strep throat. There are many ways by which immunotherapeutics can eliminate cancer (see sidebar on How Immunotherapeutics Work). In recent years, it has emerged as the fifth pillar of cancer care and as one the most exciting new approaches to cancer treatment. This is, in part, because many patients with metastatic cancer who have been treated with these revolutionary treatments have had remarkable and durable responses. For example, recent long-term results from a clinical trial testing the immunotherapeutic pembrolizumab (Keytruda) as an initial treatment for patients with advanced NSCLC showed that 23 percent lived five or more years, which stands in stark contrast to the historical five-year relative survival rate of about 5 percent (292)Garon EB, Hellmann MD, Rizvi NA, Carcereny E, Leighl NB, Ahn M-J, et al. Five-Year Overall Survival for Patients With Advanced Non‒Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Pembrolizumab: Results From the Phase I KEYNOTE-001 Study. J Clin Oncol [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2019 Jul 15];JCO1900934.[cited 2020 Jul 15]..
There are, however, confounding data on whether there are racial and ethnic disparities in the use of immunotherapeutics. For example, one study reported disparities in the use of immunotherapeutics based on health insurance status but not race, in patients with advanced melanoma, while a second report highlighted racial and socioeconomic disparities, with African American NSCLC patients consistently less likely to receive immunotherapeutics compared with whites (293)Al-Qurayshi Z, Crowther JE, Hamner JB, Ducoin C, Killackey MT, Kandil E. Disparities of Immunotherapy Utilization in Patients with Stage III Cutaneous Melanoma: A National Perspective. Anticancer Res [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2019 Dec 17];38:2897–901.[cited 2020 Jul 15].(294)Verma V, Haque W, Cushman TR, Lin C, Simone CB, Chang JY, et al. Racial and Insurance-related Disparities in Delivery of Immunotherapy-type Compounds in the United States. J Immunother [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2019 Dec 17];42:55–64.[cited 2020 Jul 15].. Given these conflicting reports as well as ongoing concerns about racial disparities in access to clinical trials of novel cancer drugs, including immunotherapeutics, it is critical that ongoing research continue to evaluate the effectiveness and utilization rates of these therapeutics among minority patients in real-world practice.
Mounting evidence suggests that for many cancers, racial and ethnic minorities may respond better to treatments and have similar or better outcomes compared to white patients when offered similar access to quality clinical care. Four independent clinical studies in prostate cancer all indicated that although African American men entered into the trials with more advanced disease, they responded better to different types of treatment—cellular immunotherapy, hormone therapy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy—with a 20 to 30 percent improvement in survival compared with white patients (276)Kodiyan J, Ashamalla M, Guirguis A, Ashamalla H. Improved Outcomes with Radiation Therapy in African Americans with Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol [Internet]. Elsevier; 2019 [cited 2019 Dec 17];105:E287.[cited 2020 Jul 15].(295)Halabi S, Dutta S, Tangen CM, Rosenthal M, Petrylak DP, Thompson IM, et al. Overall Survival of Black and White Men With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Treated With Docetaxel. J Clin Oncol [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2019 Dec 17];37:403–10.[cited 2020 Jul 15].(296)Sartor AO, Armstrong AJ, Ahaghotu C, McLeod DG, Cooperberg MR, Penson DF, et al. Overall survival (OS) of African-American (AA) and Caucasian (CAU) men who received sipuleucel-T for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC): Final PROCEED analysis. J Clin Oncol [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2019 Dec 17];37:5035–5035.[cited 2020 Jul 15].(297)George DJ, Heath EI, Sartor AO, Sonpavde G, Berry WR, Healy P, et al. Abi Race: A prospective, multicenter study of black (B) and white (W) patients (pts) with metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with abiraterone acetate and prednisone (AAP). J Clin Oncol [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2019 Dec 17];36:LBA5009–LBA5009.[cited 2020 Jul 15].. For example, a survival analysis of African American versus white men with prostate cancer treated with the cellular immunotherapeutic sipuleucel-T (Provenge) showed that the median overall survival was 37.3 months among the African Americans compared with 28 months among the white patients. Similar trends were also reported in a study from the Veterans Administration health care system, where overall use of new treatments, such as the immunomodulatory drugs and proteasome inhibitors that Alfred Johnson was treated with, was the same across all multiple myeloma patient populations. The researchers showed that younger African American patients had better survival than whites. Specifically, the median overall survival for patients under 65 was significantly better (7.07 years) for African Americans compared with whites (5.83 years) (259)Fillmore NR, Yellapragada S V, Ifeorah C, Mehta A, Cirstea D, White PS, et al. With equal access, African American patients have superior survival compared to white patients with multiple myeloma: a VA study. Blood [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2019 Jun 20];133:2615–8.[cited 2020 Jul 15]..
Given the emerging evidence that disparities in outcomes can often be mitigated when patients from racial and ethnic minority groups receive the same treatments, it is important that researchers devise innovative strategies, including novel clinical trial designs, to ensure that all patients receive standard treatments and participate in cutting-edge clinical trials. These new strategies must simultaneously address more than one of the many complex and interrelated factors contributing to disparities in treatment. Multilevel interventions, including improved use of real-time signals from electronic health records, intensive training in overcoming implicit bias, and implementation of patient navigation programs, can improve delivery of guideline-concordant care, help patients overcome barriers to care, improve participation in clinical trials, and mitigate disparities in therapy (298)Cykert S, Eng E, Walker P, Manning MA, Robertson LB, Arya R, et al. A system‐based intervention to reduce Black‐White disparities in the treatment of early stage lung cancer: A pragmatic trial at five cancer centers. Cancer Med [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2019 Dec 18];8:1095–102.[cited 2020 Jul 15].(299)Cykert S, Eng E, Manning MA, Robertson LB, Heron DE, Jones NS, et al. A Multi-faceted Intervention Aimed at Black-White Disparities in the Treatment of Early Stage Cancers: The ACCURE Pragmatic Quality Improvement trial. J Natl Med Assoc [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2019 Dec 18];[cited 2020 Jul 15].(300)Hu B. Minorities Do Not Have Worse Outcomes for Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) If Optimally Managed [Internet]. ASH; 2019 [cited 2019 Dec 18].[cited 2020 Jul 15].. For example, a recent clinical study conducted across five U.S. cancer centers showed that a multipronged intervention that included nurse navigators, a real-time warning system using data from electronic health records to alert nurse navigators if patients miss an appointment or do not reach an expected care milestone, and race-specific feedback to clinical teams on treatment completion rates was not only able to eliminate treatment disparities among African American and white patients with early-stage lung cancer, but also improved care for all patients regardless of race (298)Cykert S, Eng E, Walker P, Manning MA, Robertson LB, Arya R, et al. A system‐based intervention to reduce Black‐White disparities in the treatment of early stage lung cancer: A pragmatic trial at five cancer centers. Cancer Med [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2019 Dec 18];8:1095–102.[cited 2020 Jul 15].. The importance of nurse navigators was highlighted in another recent study showing that African American and Hispanic patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma were just as likely as white patients to receive standard treatments and participate in clinical trials at a safety net hospital that has an extensive nurse navigator program to help disadvantaged patients access and complete treatment by guiding them through treatment, helping them with lodging, and providing other nonmedical support (300)Hu B. Minorities Do Not Have Worse Outcomes for Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) If Optimally Managed [Internet]. ASH; 2019 [cited 2019 Dec 18].[cited 2020 Jul 15]..
Whether similar multifaceted interventions could be implemented widely across multiple health care systems, for different cancer types, and whether they can be effective in achieving health equity for all must be evaluated. However, these findings strongly support the importance of conducting innovative translational and clinical cancer research to determine how to eliminate disparities in cancer treatment and improve outcomes in diverse populations.
Moving forward, we need to ensure that everyone benefits from breakthroughs against cancer. Cancer researchers must move past simply describing disparities to developing a more in-depth understanding of the interrelated factors that are associated with disparate cancer treatments and outcomes. A greater understanding of the underlying factors will lay the foundation for comprehensive, sustainable, population-level interventions than can potentially narrow treatment differences among different populations and improve outcomes for all patients. Furthermore, all scientific endeavors must be complemented with evidence-based policy initiatives that aim toward delivering guideline-concordant quality care for every cancer patient. It is imperative that all stakeholders committed to fundamentally changing the face of cancer work together to address the challenges of disparities in cancer treatment and lead us toward a brighter future with health equity for all Americans.
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text:
Anton Praetorius (1560 i Tyskland i Lippstadt – 6. december 1613 i Laudenbach på Bergstraße) var en tysk præst, reformert theologi og forfatter. Desuden kæmpede han mod hekseprocesser og tortur.

Liv og virke

I 1586, i byen Kamen, fødte hans kone Maria en søn ved navn Johannes. Anton Praetorius var den første reformerte præst i landsbyen Dittelsheim, hvor han i 1595 forfattede den ældste beskrivelse af "1. Große Fass im Heidelberger Schloss" på latin. I 1596 blev han fyrstelig hofprædikant i Birstein (nærved Frankfurt/Main). I 1597 blev Praetorius af fyrsten udnævnt til medlem af fekseretten. Praetorius protesterede imod torturen og opnåede, at processen blev afsluttet, og at den anklagede kvinde blev løsladt. Dette er den eneste overleverede sag, hvor en præst formåede at afslutte den umenneskelige tortur under en hekseproces – og havde heldet med sig.

Praetorius mistede sit embede som hofprædikant og blev i 1598 præst i Laudenbach (Bergstraße). Under sin søns navn – Johannes Scultetus – i 1598, offentliggjorde han bogen "Gründlicher Bericht von Zauberey und Zauberern" imod forestillingerne om hekse og mod tortur. I 1602 kom hans 2. udgave " Gründlichen Berichts", hvori han viste sit mod og opgav sit eget navn som forfatter. I 1613 udgav han sit 3. oplag med en personlig præposition. I 1629 udgav ukendte personer en fjerde udgave af Praetorius' "Bericht über Zauberey und Zauberer".

Værker af Praetorius
 Vas Heidelbergense, Heidelberg, Oktober 1595
 Gründlicher Bericht von Zauberey und Zauberern. Durch Joannem Scultetum Westphalo Camensem 1598 (Johannes Scultetus er en pseudonym for Anton Praetorius)
 Gründlicher Bericht von Zauberey und Zauberern: kurtz und ordentlich erklärt durch Antonium Praetorium 1602. Ny Udgave 1613, 1629
 De Sacrosanctis Sacramentis novi foederis Jesu Christi 1602 (Sakramentelære)

Literatur
 Hartmut Hegeler: Anton Praetorius, Kämpfer gegen Hexenprozesse und Folter. Unna 2002,  Historische Biographie

 Hartmut Hegeler und Stefan Wiltschko: Anton Praetorius und das 1. Große Fass von Heidelberg. Unna 2003,  (handler om "das Große Fass von Heidelberg" med oversættelse af den latinske tekst af Burghard Schmanck)

Links
 http://www.anton-praetorius.de livsdata og literatur

 http://www.fass-heidelberg.de  Anton Praetorius og det 1. Große Fass im Heidelberger Schloss

 http://www.rzuser.uni-heidelberg.de/%7Ecd2/drw/F3/praetor/o02wid.htm Tysk originaltekst af "des Berichtes von Praetorius 1613"

Eksterne henvisninger

Præster fra Tyskland
Teologer fra Tyskland
Personer i reformationen
Calvinistiske præster
Hekseri
Personer i Tysklands historie
Faglitterære forfattere fra Tyskland
Personer fra Nordrhein-Westfalen


The Urban Muze | We write about everything.
When the weight of the world is too heavy, too much, we break.
We are taught that the word means to fall apart, to shatter, to crack, to become unusable, unviable, worthless.
To break is to be discarded.
What if breaking is not an end but a beginning?
We break in a new baseball mitt.
We soften it, mold it, make it more comfortable, more familiar, our own.
We break things down to make them more manageable.
We break into a smile.
We break out of our shell.
We take a much needed ..
Welcome Y'all to our brand new blog "The Urban Muze".
Why The Urban Muze?! 'cause we aspire to make it a modern inspiration to not let our so-called "Modern Ideologies" affect us and the people around.
There are two young girls, behind the reason you read this with two heads full of dreams. The dreams to see and make a change. The change that'll not limit anyone anymore from taking a step ahead into the world full of chaos.
We are two girls with same vision but a whole different way of approach working together. You see? that's how everything works on this planet. our end destination is always the same but we have a great number of different paths to follow.
Here we tend to raise questions on the most prevailing stereotypical mindset of the people about everything that happens.
With little efforts to drag the filters away from our perception that we gathered since we started making sense in our heads. With little efforts to carve our perception to make it a little better every day.
With all the hope that we'll have an amuzing journey ahead.


Will I need a passport for domestic travel in the U.S. in 2016?
International travelers wait to have their passports checked at O'Hare International Airport on September 19, 2014 in Chicago, Illinois.
Four states and one U.S. territory have driver licenses that don't measure up to the Department of Homeland Security's standards.
But what does that mean for travelers from New York, Louisiana, Minnesota, New Hampshire and American Samoa? Particularly those who are part of the group of approximately 62% of Americans who don't hold a passport?
At this point, not much.
But that isn't stopping speculation that soon travelers from those states will have to produce a U.S. passport or other additional documentation to take a domestic flight.
The issue at hand is a Homeland Security program called REAL ID, which is meant to "set standards for the issuance of sources of identification, such as driver's licenses." The five states mentioned above issue licenses that have been deemed "noncompliant."
That means that the licenses do not meet "minimum standards" that would "improve the reliability and accuracy of state-issued identification documents," which is intended to "inhibit terrorists' ability to evade detection by using fraudulent identification."
Noncompliant driver licenses and identification cards would not be accepted for boarding federally regulated commercial aircraft, according to Homeland Security. According to the DHS, that change would go into effect no sooner than 2016.
In government terms, "no sooner" typically means definitely not that year, maybe not the year after — but possibly the year after that.
There is no official agreement yet about what would happen for travelers who only have noncompliant state-issued identification.
States that are noncompliant could get their manure together, informing travelers that they will soon be subject to a deadline to get a better ID, or some other possibility. But the New York State DMV doesn't know: A spokesman told WKBW Buffalo that it had received no guidance from federal authorities.
If this comes to pass, and those five kinds of driver licenses become essentially useless at the airport, then travelers would need an "acceptable" second form of ID, which includes passports, passport cards, permanent resident cards, U.S. military IDs, and Global Entry and NEXUS cards.
But here's the other thing: It is possible to fly without an ID. No, really, I swear.
Travelers will get to know a TSA agent or two real well, but they won't automatically be barred from getting on a plane.
"You'll be able to fly as long as you provide us with some information that will help us determine you are who you say you are," wrote Bob Burns on the TSA Blog.
So if you're looking for something to complain about in terms of air travel, focus on the extra fees, and not the ID requirements.


Anyone who thinks that Brecht is intimidating and difficult should see the red light district/karfiol kollektiv's production of The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui. Ted Witzel's direction is consistently inventive, the young cast give vibrant performances and the audience is wildly enthusiastic. In 1941 Brecht wrote this story about gangsters as a satiric parable of Hitler's rise to power. Far too many productions, however, focus on the tenor of Brecht's metaphor, not on the vehicle. Witzel does not make this mistake and as a result his emphasis on the gangland politics gives the play even greater resonance.
The action is set in Chicago in the 1930s and follows efforts of various groups to control the vegetable trade. When the members of the Cauliflower Trust (a grocers association) persuade the mayor Dogsborough (Tyler Hagemann) to accept a shady deal because the Trust has always supported him, local gangster Arturo Ui (Daniela Pagliarello) sees a way to rise. He will force the Mayor not to prosecute his protection racket in return for not revealing the Mayor's indiscretion. When the Mayor refuses, Ui's men set fire to the dock warehouses to prove they need Ui's protection and the fire is pinned on an innocent man. Eventually, by means of a forged will, Ui inherits Dogsborough's power and begins to concentrate on how to expand his control to the neighbouring city of Cicero.
There is a one-to-one correspondence between the characters in the play and the historical characters they represent. Ui is Hitler, Dogsborough is Paul von Hindenburg, Emanuele Giri is Hermann Göring, Givola is Joseph Göbbels, and so forth, while Chicago is Germany, Cicero is Austria and the warehouse fire is the Reichstag Fire of 1933. Most productions destroy Brecht's allegory by focussing on the historical characters and parallels that Brecht chose to satirize as common thugs involved in controlling the vegetable trade. Canadian Jennifer Wise's fine translation that Witzel uses, makes this point clearly in her introduction to her translation: "Rather than theatricalizing Nazis ... the play is designed to do something much more valuable: give us a cautionary tale about the conditions under which fascist brutal force can triumph anywhere, even in democracies with proper legal institutions".
It is this course that Witzel admirably follows. Not only is Witzel's Ui one of the first not to have a toothbrush moustache, Witzel has Ui played by a woman. Brecht is noted for his avocation of the Verfremdungseffekt ("alienation effect") or the promotion on non-naturalistic techniques in drama to keep the audience aware they are seeing a play. The use of songs and projected scene titles are some of those techniques, but Witzel has found another simply through his cast where nine of the fourteen actors are women, all but one playing male roles most of the time.
Witzel does use the projected titles to relate events onstage to their historical counterparts, but he also uses them to ask us to think of events since World War II when similar situations occurred. He has had the gruesomely comic idea of using the projections to keep us up to date on the body count during the play. Other imaginative uses of the V-Effekt include having the aged Dogsborough, who is used as puppet by his power-hungry son (Fiorella Pennano), actually have strings attached to his wrists so that the son manipulates the father like a marionette. The gangsters wields obviously cardboard guns. And Witzel uses music from the 1930s to the present and from East and West deliberately to universalize the action. The playing area has the audience situated on three sides and since there is no fourth wall in Brecht audience members should expect that characters will directly interact with them.
Witzel directs with a clear vision that often makes Brecht's parodic gangland fable into a fascinating precursor of films by Martin Scorsese. The main problem is that Witzel's cast is highly uneven. Witzel happens to have directed the same cast in the play in January this year when they were fourth-year students at York University. The enthusiasm and vitality is certainly present, but subtlety often is not. The finest performance comes from Sheri Godda, who not only plays a French maid, but the serious male roles of Sheet and O'Casey and the comic washed-up actor Mahoney to great effect. In this last role, Mohoney's efforts to teach Ui (without being shot) how to walk, speak and sit like a stage actor are the comic high point of the play.
Other successful performances come from Josh Johnston as Ui's psychotic henchman Giri, Mishka Thébaud as Ui's more cautious supporter Givola, Rose Tuong as the syndicate man Flake and as the Prosecutor, Tiana Asperjan as Clark and Eric Rich as Dullfleet, the representative of Cicero who fatally spurns Ui.
Daniela Pagliarello gives a very strong performance as Ui and really captures the essence of Brecht's notion of him as a petty thug who sees his chance to make it big and takes it. What is missing is a clear presentation of Ui's growth of ambition. Her Ui is always so sure of himself that we don't get the sense that we do with Richard III or Macbeth (with whom Ui is compared), that he is walking on a tightwire that could collapse if enough good people finally decided to do something. Witzel has had the brilliant idea of working Pagliarello's talent as a tap-dancer into her performance so that in the massacre of Scene 12, her tapping represents the machine gun fire, after which she does an amazing tap solo, rather as if Ui were reflecting on his triumph, that deserves a round of applause on its own.
If you have never seen Brecht before, this Arturo Ui would be a good way in since Witzel has made it so accessible and integrated Brecht's "alienation effects" so well into the comic tone of the work. If you have seen Brecht before, but not this play, you will be bowled over by the energy the cast brings to the work and by the unfaded relevance that scene after scene so presciently evokes.
Photo: (from top) Daniela Pagliarello as Arturo Ui; the Cauliflower Trust surround Mayor Dogsborough. ©2013 the red light district.


Farm Environment Plans (FEP) are a tried and tested way for farmers to organise their thinking about how to manage environmental risks on farm. They are also a key part of the proposed plan change and all commercial vegetable growers and properties over 20ha in size will generally require an FEP.
An FEP is tailored to each property and will identify risk areas on-farm and how landowners will manage and reduce these contaminants within a specific timeframe. For more information about FEPs and the types of risks and mitigations they will include, please see our FAQs.
It's a good idea to get started on your FEP now to give you enough time before the deadlines.
The example FEP template may also help you understand what types of information the council expects to see in your plan. The templates are evolving based on feedback we are receiving from landowners and rural professionals who are trialling them. This means the template may be revised over time. Subscribe to receive our newsletter (external link)for updates on the project, and to be alerted to template and guideline changes.
FEPs will need to be signed off by a Certified Farm Environment Planner (CFEP) in the future, but it's a good idea to get started on the template yourself to save time and money. Farm Environment Plans may also be submitted through a Certified Industry Scheme.
Over the next couple years, workshops will be held by various industry groups around the catchments to help you prepare your FEP. At these workshops you can talk with experts, farm advisors, other farmers and WRC to get some ideas about reducing risk on-farm, answer questions and get a head start on your plan.
Workshops will be posted on our Events page, or talk with your industry rep to see if they're holding workshops in your area.
Deadlines for when FEPs are due vary by sub-catchment. Sub-catchments in the Waikato and Waipā River catchments are prioritised based on the size of the gap between current water quality and where water quality needs to be in 80 years.
You can find a map of the sub-catchments here [PDF, 8.5 MB].
Use Find my farm to locate your farm and see which sub catchment rules apply.
Use one of the maps at WaikatoMaps online(external link).
Call us on 0800 800 401 to request a map of your farm.


STAMFORD -- A 28-year-old Stamford woman who allegedly bit a department store security guard was arrested Wednesday after she left her car keys at Lord & Taylor on High Ridge Road, which led officers to her East Side home.
Stephanie Marin, 28, of 16 Clarks Hill Ave., Stamford, was charged with second-degree assault, a felony, along with sixth-degree larceny and third-degree robbery, according to Stamford police Capt. Brian McElligott. Employees at the department store in Bulls Head told police they suspected Marin had previously stolen from the store, McElligott said.
After watching Marin allegedly remove tags from clothing, a security guard confronted Marin as she left Lord & Taylor at about 2 p.m. Wednesday, McElligott said; Marin then attacked and bit the guard and fled on foot.
Responding officers found a set of car keys that Marin dropped inside the store, and they matched the keys with a Volkswagen Jetta in the Lord & Taylor parking lot, police said. Police checked the license plate, which led them to Marin's address, McElligott said.
Marin was arrested at her house without incident.
The security guard told police she would seek medical attention for the bite wound. McElligott said the bite did not break her skin.
Marin was held on $5,000 bond and is due in court on July 5.
The incident marked the second time a shoplifting suspect bit a security guard at Lord & Taylor this month. On June 3, a woman bit a loss prevention officer during a struggle after she attempted to walk out of the store with stolen merchandise, according to police.


text:
Arthur Becker (* 24. Dezember 1856 in Leipzig; † unbekannt) war ein deutscher Politiker.

Leben

Er stammte aus einer angesehenen Kaufmannsfamilie, studierte Naturwissenschaften und promovierte zum Dr. phil. Danach wandte er sich der praktischen Landwirt zu und kaufte das Rittergut Kötteritzsch. Ab 1910 war er Abgeordneter in der I. Kammer des Sächsischen Landtags.

Literatur
 Dr. phil. Arthur Becker. In: Der sächsische Landtag 1909–1915. Biographisch-statistisches Handbuch mit den Porträts aller Mitglieder der ersten und zweiten Ständekammer und einer Einleitung über die Sächsische Verfassung. Verlag "Salonblatt" G.m.b.H., Dresden 1910, S. 18.

Mitglied der Ersten Kammer der Ständeversammlung des Königreichs Sachsen
Deutscher
Geboren 1856
Gestorben im 20. Jahrhundert
Mann


This work aims at introducing some energy operators linked to Teager-Kaiser energy operator and its associated higher order versions and expand them to multidimensional signals. These operators are very useful for analyzing oscillatory signals with time-varying amplitude and frequency (AM-FM). We prove that gradient tensors combined with Kronecker powers allow to express these operators by directional derivatives along any n-D vector. In particular, we show that the construction of a large class of non linear operators for AM-FM multidimensional signal demodulation is possible. Also, a new scalar function using the directional derivative along a vector giving the "sign" of the frequency components is introduced. An application of this model to local n-D AM-FM signal is presented and related demodulation error rates estimates. To show the effectiveness and the robustness of our method in term of envelope and frequency components extraction, results obtained on synthetic and real data are compared to multi-dimensional energy separation algorithm and to our recently introduced n-D operator.