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HOME | BUSINESSES | NEW INVESTMENTS
Names unveiled of 26 affluent foreigners stripped of Cypriot passports
Cypriot President Nicos Anastasiades had staunchly defended the scheme that has brought some $3 billion in investments
NICOSIA – After Cyprus backed away from its stance that recipients of Golden Visas given to rich foreign investors which bring residency permits and European Union passports had been vetted – then yanking 26 of them – the names were released by a newspaper.
Politis published the list after the government would only reveal the nationalities despite coming under withering criticism for the scheme that critics said as open to money laundering and a way for criminals to hide wrongdoing and cash.
The names included those of families of the wealthy investors, including Malaysian Jho Taek Low, a fugitive wanted for his alleged role in the 1MDB scandal — the embezzlement scam uncovered in 2015.
That country's then-Premier was accused of funneling more than $700 million from a state-run development company, to his personal bank accounts. Since then, other players involved, allegedly including Low, were being tracked by authorities.
Politis's list adds more detail to a previous report by the news agency Reuters about the government's plan to react to criticism and revoking the residency permits and passports that allowed free travel within the 28-country EU.
The list includes eight Cambodians with political or familial ties to Cambodia's current ruling party as well as Russian businessman Oleg Deripaska, currently under US Treasury sanctions and who the Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project (OCCRP) in 2018 reported he had obtained Cypriot citizenship.
Also facing revocation of the passports are multi-millionaire Kenyan businessman Humphrey Kariuki and his wife. He was charged in his country for tax evasion from his alcohol production and distribution business, said Kenyan news reports.
There are also two Russian bankers on the list who Crime Russia previously noted are wanted in their home country on corruption charges although Cypriot President Nicos Anastasiades had staunchly defended the scheme that has brought some $3 billion in investments, including from people critics said: "couldn't find Cyprus on a map."
Photo Source: Wikimedia Commons License: CC-BY-SA Copyright: Jon Rawlinson
1) EIB to fund the construction of the first LNG bunkering vessel in Greece
2) Greek Prime Minister on official visit to Paris and Brussels on Wednesday
3) Alexandroupolis port discussed by relevant minister and US envoy
4) Tourism Minister from Paris: French investors strongly interested in Greek energy sector
Greek firm buys fish farm operations for €51 million
more articles on NEW INVESTMENTS


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The Institute will consider applications in respect of any area of law librarianship, but would welcome in particular projects which relate to the following ongoing activities in which its own library is involved:
The continuing development of its collections particularly in regard to legal materials from jurisdictions outside the United Kingdom (except non-commonwealth Africa and Asia). This may include the development of co-operative links between libraries.
The continuing development of the provision of legal information in electronic form, particularly from the regions described above.
Free access to law, particularly in relation to the development of legal information institutes and their services (IALS host the British and Irish Legal Information Institute (BAILLI) and is the UK representative of the Commonwealth Legal Information Institute).
The generation of external funds, particularly with regard to the provision of information services to the legal profession.
Implementation and exploitation of the Innovative library management system and discovery catalogue in law libraries.
Archives of legal information in relation to legal education. (IALS holds an archive of documents relating to legal education in London and is accumulating information on archive information held elsewhere in London).
A number of past Visiting Fellowships in Law Librarianship have been successful in applications for Commonwealth Professional Scholarships.
Current Visiting Fellowship in Law Librarianship
Past Visiting Fellows in Law Librarianship
Priya Rai, Deputy Librarian and Officer in Charge, Justice T.P.S. Chawla Library, National Law University, Delhi
Bård Tuseth, Law Librarian at the University of Oslo
Richard J. Matthews, former Head of Reference and Research Services, University Libraries, Wichita State University
Uma Narayan, Chief Librarian, The Honourable Judges' Library,
Bombay High Court, Mumbai, India
Cynthia Fellows former State Law Librarian of Alaska
Amber Lee Smith, former Foreign and International Law Librarian,
Los Angeles County Law Library
Mary Jane Kelsey, Associate Director for Technical Services
Lillian Goldman Law Library, Yale Law School
Halvor Kongshavn, Law Librarian at Bergen University Library, Norway
Caron Rollins, Associate Law Librarian, Diana M. Priestley Law Library, University of Victoria, British Columbia
Vanessa O'Meara, Reader Services Librarian, Law Courts Library, Sydney
David Wills, Squire Law Librarian, University of Cambridge
Oluremi Jegede, former Librarian of the Nigerian Institute of Advanced Legal Studies

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Gilbert, Frank. Official Campaign Web Site - Frank Gilbert . 2014. Archived Web Site. https://www.loc.gov/item/lcwaN0010551/.
Gilbert, F. (2014) Official Campaign Web Site - Frank Gilbert . [Archived Web Site] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/lcwaN0010551/.
Gilbert, Frank. Official Campaign Web Site - Frank Gilbert . 2014. Archived Web Site. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <www.loc.gov/item/lcwaN0010551/>.
Official Campaign Web Site - Nathan LaFrance Web Site. electronic | Electronic (Form).
The world: historical and actual. Also available in digital form.


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Mortimer J. Adler
If you read the obituaries -- and at my age I do -- you no doubt read of the death last week of Mortimer J. Adler. At ninety-eight-years-old, Adler was one of the greatest philosophers and educators of the twentieth century -- a man of remarkable wisdom and learning. He was a hero to many in my generation for he spent much of his life battling the forces of relativism. In fact, he spent much of it undoing the pernicious influence of his former teacher at Columbia University, John Dewey, the so-called "father of progressive education," who is responsible for most of the ills plaguing public education today. Dewey, you see, was a pragmatist who believed that schools exist to socialize children for the good of the state. Therefore, he reasoned, education can't be left to citizens but ought to be controlled by a cadre of professional educators, armed with government authority. Adler, on the other hand, believed that education should not be determined by social engineers, but by unchanging standards of truth. "There are," he said, "universal truths about what constitutes a good education, for all men at all times and places simply because they are men." During his career -- which included twenty-two years as professor of the philosophy of law at the University of Chicago -- he was a staunch defender of classical education. He is best known, of course, for his Great Books program -- a curriculum based on the greatest works of Western literature and philosophy. Adler was such a prominent thinker and educator that the New York Times devoted some forty column inches to his obituary. They covered his life, his writings, his teaching career, and his work as a director for the Encyclopedia Britannica. An amazing career! Yet for all their coverage they never mentioned the most significant thing in his life. In my book, Kingdoms in Conflict, I wrote about Adler's struggles with the claims of Christianity -- which he was inclined to accept as intellectual propositions. He believed in transcendent truth and realized they had to be a source of that truth. But for years he couldn't cross what he called the "great gulf between the mind and the heart." He resisted the moral changes Christianity would demand of him. Adler's move from belief in "the god of the philosophers" to the God of the cross was a long time coming. But he recognized that if the God he knew must exist really did exist, he would have to make the leap from logic to faith. In 1984 -- bedridden with illness -- Adler made that leap. Seeking solace in prayer, he received what he called the "gift of grace" and professed belief "not just in the God my reason so stoutly affirms, " as he said, "but the God ... on whose grace and love I now joyfully rely." Adler showed us that faith does indeed have its reasons -- and in that he was a wonderful model for worldview thinking. Maybe that's why the media ignored his conversion. The idea that the Christian faith is logically coherent and reasonable was too great a leap for secular-minded journalists to make. But it's something we are to remind our neighbors of and ourselves every day -- even as we rejoice that one day we'll see Mortimer Adler again studying his beloved Great Books in the presence of the author of all.
← The Pursuit of Happiness
Finding Forgiveness at Pearl →


Fierce clashes continue in flashpoint city, despite both Saudi Arabia-backed government and Houthi rebels expressing support for UN envoy Martin Griffiths' effort to gather at the negotiating table by year's end.
UN envoy Martin Griffiths on Tuesday was preparing to head to war-torn Yemen to lay the groundwork for peace talks in Sweden, after fresh fighting shook the flashpoint city of Hudaida.
Griffiths, whose efforts at kickstarting peace talks failed in September, is again trying to get the Houthis and the Saudi-backed government to the negotiating table by the end of the year.
He is expected to meet with Houthi officials in the capital Sanaa on Wednesday.
Both sides have in the past week expressed their support for the envoy and his mission to hold talks in Stockholm, but fierce clashes erupted in the Red Sea city of Hudaida late on Monday after a lull.
Military officials said that the battles were the worst since loyalists halted an offensive last week, and were concentrated in the eastern part of the city where rebels fired artillery.
According to Houthi-run media, clashes lasted up to four hours and resulted in fatalities.
The city was relatively calm on Tuesday morning, according to sources on the ground.
On Monday, Britain presented to the UN Security Council a draft resolution urging an immediate truce in Hudaida city, whose port serves as an entry point to nearly all imports and humanitarian aid to the impoverished country.
The draft, circulated by Britain to the 14 other council members, sets a two-week deadline for the warring sides to remove all barriers to humanitarian aid.
The proposed resolution would significantly ratchet up pressure on the Saudi-led coalition and the Houthis to seek a negotiated settlement in Yemen, where millions are on the brink of starvation.
It also calls for a large injection of foreign currency into the economy to support Yemen's collapsing currency and for salaries of civil servants, teachers, and health workers to be paid within a month.
Mohammed Ali al Houthi, head of the Houthi rebels' Higher Revolutionary Committee and an influential political figure, tweeted on Monday that he wanted his group to announce "readiness to suspend and halt all military operations" and stop firing missiles on Saudi Arabia.
Saudi Arabia also lent its support to new talks.
Saudi King Salman told the Shura Council, his country's top advisory body, that Riyadh also backed a "political solution" and a "comprehensive national dialogue" in Yemen.
Griffiths said on Monday he hoped the rivals would meet in Sweden "within the next few weeks."
The Houthis have controlled Yemen's capital Sanaa since capturing it in late 2014, when they also took control of Hudaida and its port.
A year later, Saudi Arabia and its allies intervened in the war to bolster Yemeni President Abd Rabbu Mansour Hadi.
Both parties in the Yemen conflict stand accused of acts that could amount to war crimes.
Human Rights Watch on Tuesday called on France to address laws-of-war violations with the UAE, a key member of the Saudi-led coalition, during Crown Prince Mohammed bin Zayed al Nahyan's visit to Paris on November 21.
"If President [Emmanuel] Macron is truly concerned about the humanitarian crisis in Yemen, he should tell the crown prince that France will stop selling weapons to the UAE if there's a real risk of their unlawful use," said Benedicte Jeannerod, France director at Human Rights Watch.
A Yemeni father who lost four children in renewed clashes in Hudaida has pleaded for end to bloodshed.
''This was the result of the crime. Three of my girls became martyrs at the same time, and another three were wounded, including Naziha, who is severely wounded and has had to be moved al Thawra hospital where she's being treated for torn intestines,'' said father of victims, Maged Ghaleb.
His fourth child died on the way to the hospital.
Although western governments have condemned civilian deaths in Yemen, they remain political and military backers of Saudi Arabia, which is a regional ally and spends billions of dollars on arms from the United States, Britain and France.
The World Health Organization says nearly 10,000 people, mostly civilians, have been killed in Yemen since the Saudi intervention in March 2015, but rights groups believe the toll may be five times higher.
The war in Yemen, already one of the world's most impoverished countries, has left the nation on the edge of mass starvation.


text:
package top.kass.controller.api;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import top.kass.service.UserService;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/api/auth")
public class AuthController {

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @RequestMapping(value="/login", method=RequestMethod.POST)
    @ResponseBody
    public Map<String, Object> login(@RequestBody Map reqMap, HttpSession session) {
        Map<String, Object> respMap = userService.login(reqMap);
        Map<String, Object> data = (Map)respMap.get("data");
        if ((int)respMap.get("code") == 0) {
            session.setAttribute("id", data.get("id"));
            session.setAttribute("name", data.get("name"));
            session.setAttribute("username", data.get("username"));
            session.setAttribute("role", data.get("role"));
        }
        return respMap;
    }

    @RequestMapping(value="/register", method=RequestMethod.POST)
    @ResponseBody
    public Map<String, Object> register(@RequestBody Map reqMap, HttpSession session) {
        Map<String, Object> respMap = userService.register(reqMap);
        Map<String, Object> data = (Map)respMap.get("data");
        if ((int)respMap.get("code") == 0) {
            session.setAttribute("id", data.get("id"));
            session.setAttribute("username", data.get("username"));
            session.setAttribute("name", data.get("name"));
            session.setAttribute("role", data.get("role"));
        }
        return respMap;
    }

    @RequestMapping(value="/logout", method=RequestMethod.GET)
    @ResponseBody
    public Map<String, Object> logout(HttpSession session) {
        Enumeration<String> em = session.getAttributeNames();
        while (em.hasMoreElements()) {
            session.removeAttribute(em.nextElement());
        }
        Map<String, Object> respMap = new HashMap<>();
        respMap.put("code", 0);
        return respMap;
    }

    @RequestMapping(value="/unlogin", method=RequestMethod.GET)
    @ResponseBody
    public Map<String, Object> unlogin() {
        Map<String, Object> respMap = new HashMap<>();
        respMap.put("code", 401);
        respMap.put("msg", "你还没有登录");
        return respMap;
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Our client, a 56-year-old woman was crossing 53rd Street and 1st Avenue after dinner. A driver rushing to get home chose to not pay attention when he made a left turn from 1st Avenue. The defendant hit our client, threw her to the ground. She broke her tibia and fibula by her ankle and walks with a limp. The primary and excess insurance companies paid our client 10 Million Dollars.
Our client, a 56-year-old woman was crossing 53rd Street and 1st Avenue after dinner. A driver rushing to get home chose to not pay attention when he made a left turn from 1st Avenue. The defendant hit our client, threw her to the ground. She broke her tibia and fibula by her ankle and walks with a limp. The insurance company paid our client 1 Million 750 Thousand Dollars.
Our client, a 26-year-old man, was stopped waiting for the traffic light to change. A driver in a rush to get to his next delivery did not pay attention and struck him in the rear causing the trunk to crush inwards towards him. Our client suffered serious injuries to his neck requiring surgery. Before trial, the insurance company paid 1 Million Six Hundred Forty thousand to settle.
Our client, a 71-year-old retired teacher was walking for exercise in Central Park on a pedestrian road closed for motor vehicles. A drunk driver hit her from the back and knocked her to the ground. The defendant driver was served alcohol 2 hours before hitting our client. We sued the bar where that served her the alcohol under the New York's alcohol laws known as the "Dram Shop" law. Our client broke her lower leg near the ankle. She had surgery. The bar paid our client 1 Million 5 Hundred Thousand Dollars after the jury was selected.
Our client, a 40-year-old woman was a passenger in a car that struck a construction dumpster sitting in the middle of the street. Our client suffered multiple fractures and needed back surgery. Before trial the insurance company offered one million to settle.
Our client, a 72-year-old woman was a passenger in a car when the car was hit from behind. Our client suffered a fracture knee requiring right knee replacement. The insurance company offered two hundred and fifty thousand dollars to settle before trial.
Our client, a 35-year-old woman was a passenger in a car struck by another car that ran stop sign. Our client suffered a herniated disc to the neck. She went for physical therapy and did MRIs but did not have surgery. The insurance company paid $500,000 to settle at mediation.
Our client, a 43-year-old woman was leaning against a parked car. The defendant was not paying attention and speeding. Defendant crashes into the parked car causing our client to be thrown in the air and land on the sidewalk. The client hurt her back she sustained a herniated disc and treated for less than a year with treating doctor and physical therapy.
Our client was crossing a street in crosswalk in Brooklyn and hit by municipal vehicle. The client had a herniated disc in neck and tear in rotator cuff in left shoulder; but did not have surgery on neck or shoulder. Before trial the City of New York paid 250 thousand dollars to settle.
Our client, a 67-year-old woman trips and falls on a cracked sidewalk and fractures her left eye socket, left elbow and left knee. The client undergoes surgery to left eye, elbow and knee. The insurance company pays two million to settle before trial.
Our client, a 50-year old disabled woman, was leaving a business and going to her car. There was a snowstorm the day before. The business did not clean the sidewalk and there was snow and ice on the sidewalk. The disabled woman slip and fell and fractured her femur and had to undergo surgery. The insurance company paid our client two million dollars.
Our client, a 40-year-old, plumber working at his job in Queens. There was ongoing construction at his job and the contractor doing renovations did not clean up the site. He was doing his job and tripped on a piece of construction material and fell to the ground. He tore his achilles tendon and had surgery to repair it. The insurance company paid our client one million dollars.
Our client, a 40-year-old female was walking on sidewalk of department store and tripped and fell. The client had a herniated disc and had surgery on the neck. The insurance company paid our client six hundred thousand dollars to settle before trial.
Our client, a 60-year-old, bank employee was working at his job in Manhattan. The office was being remodeled for renovations. The contractor covered a hole in the floor with carpet. Our client gets up from her desk and steps on the carpet and foot goes into the hole causing her to trip and fall. She herniated disc in her lower back and treated for a couple year. The insurance company paid our client four hundred thousand dollars.
Our client, a 57-year old woman, parks her car in Brooklyn at night. She gets out of her car and walks to her home and trips and falls on an uneven/cracked sidewalk outside of a nursing home.
Our client, a 70 year old woman trip and falls at dentist office and fractures her hip. She has surgery and has to go to rehab. The insurance company paid two hundred fifty thousand dollars to settle.
Our client, a 75 year old women, goes to get her car repaired and trips on the door entering the car repair shop. Our client fractured her wrist and went to hospital. Client did no treatment after hospital. The insurance company paid our client two hundred thousand dollars.
Our client, a 60 year old woman, was getting up from her seat at a restaurant and slips and falls on liquid spilled by wait staff and falls and fractures her left wrist requiring surgery. The insurance company offered one hundred and fifty thousand dollars to settle before trial.
Our client, a 45 year old man, was in the restaurant and looking to potentially purchase the business. One of the staff spill hot cooking oil on his legs and he suffered severe burns to his legs and feet. Client went to the hospital and spent weeks in burn unit.
Our client, a 40 year old man, was a walking around the outside of the building and a sheet of glass fell on him cutting his hand. Our client had to have surgery on his hand to repair damage to the ligament and tendons in his hand. The insurance company paid out client $375,000 dollars.
Our client, a 71 year old retired teacher was walking for exercise in Central Park on a pedestrian road closed for motor vehicles. A drunk driver hit her from the back and knocked her to the ground. The defendant driver was served alcohol 2 hours before hitting out client. We sued the bar where that served her the alcohol under the New York's alcohol laws known as the "Dram Shop" law. Out client broke her lower leg near the ankle. She had surgery. The bar paid our client 1 Million 5 Hundred Thousand Dollars after the jury was selected.
Our client, a 40-year-old man, was in a bar when a drunk man at the bar attacks our client. Our client has ankle fracture and had surgery. The insurance company for the bar pays $500,000 to settle.
Our client a 55-year-old man was leaving a bar when a drunk man tries to run back into the bar after being carried out and trips and falls into our client. The client sustains fractured ribs. The insurance company pays 150 thousand dollars to settle.
Our client, a two-year-old child, gets lead poisoned at apartment. The client has educational difficulties and difficulties focusing. The landlord 1.6 million to settle.
Our client, a 35-year-old woman, was at the hospital and delivered a stillborn baby. The hospital discarded the fetus as medical waste. The family was unable to bury the body of their child as they wished, and their religion mandated. The case settled before trial.
Our client, a 52-year-old man, went to the dentist to have a dental implant. The dentist drilled the post too deep and severed the nerve causing continuous numbness in the lip and face. The defendant settled the case for 250 thousand dollars.
Our client, a 40-year-old woman, went to the dentist to have a dental implant. The dentist traumatized a nerve which caused damage to the lip.. The defendant settled the case for 110 thousand dollars.
Our client, a 64-year-old woman, went to the dentist to have a routine dental work. The dentist did not protect the drill and it slipped and cut the client's face causing a scar. The defendant settled the case for 220 thousand dollars.
Client is a patient at a nursing home and fell out in the shower and fractured her hip.
Our client, an 80-year-old female was at a nursing home with dementia. She was a fall risk. The nursing home was understaffed and allowed her to take a shower without assistance. he and had a trach tube that needed care. The nursing home did not follow the doctor's instructions and failed to suction the trach tube causing a mucus plug to develop and cause an anoxic brain injury. The insurance company paid ten million to settle before trial.
Our client, a 65-year-old female was at a nursing home and they failed to move her body. The client developed severe bed sores that lead to her developing sepsis in blood and dying. Insurance company blamed her other medical conditions; however, before trial, the case settled for two million dollars.
Our client, a 65-year-old female was in a nursing home. The client suffered from dementia \and the nursing home did not move her or get her out of bed and she developed severe bed sores that lasted months and needed hospitalization. The insurance company paid $450,000 to settle.


text:
WiredJA News Team	Politics 2021-08-23	 Hits: 205
GUYANA | Opposition not happy with recent amendment to the Registration of Births and Deaths Act.
GEORGETOWN, Guyana, August 23, 2021 - Former Attorney General Basil Williams, says the recently passed amendment to the Registration of Births and Deaths Act threatens the integrity of the country's National Register of Registrants, its Electoral Lists, and mitigates against the fight to combat terrorism and transnational crimes.
In a letter to the media, Williams, a former Minister of Legal Affairs, noted that the Registration of Births and Deaths (Amendment) Act, which was passed in the National Assembly on August 3, is a recipe for disaster, as it provides for a parent to choose any surname for a child. It also allows for a child to be registered any time after birth, and simplifies the process for a person who has no original documents to acquire a birth certificate among other provisions.
"The recent passage of the Registration of Births and Deaths (Amendment) Bill 2021, Bill No. 10 of 2021 presents a clear and present danger to the efforts of the International community to combat the scourge of international terrorism and transnational crimes, and indeed the national security and sovereignty of Guyana.
Additionally, this Bill creates the conditions for the eternal feuding of political parties with respect to a credible national register of registrants and electoral lists," Williams said in his letter to the media.
He called the amended provisions of the Act outrageous, maintaining that no community leader should be allowed to issue declarations in favor of a complete stranger who claims that he or she has no original document containing particulars of their birth or no record of their birth.
Such a situation, he warned, could result in non-nationals being registered as born nationals in Guyana.
The former Attorney General contended that once an individual secures a birth certificate it can be used to acquire a passport – one of the most valuable tools of an international terrorist who thrives on having multiple nationalities.
"This state of affairs can easily lend itself to the sale of Guyanese citizenship to dubious characters seeking refuge in Guyana," Williams said.
Section 44 A (1) of the Registration of Births and Deaths (Amendment) Act states: "Where an adult requires a certificate of birth and there is no original document containing the particulars of his birth or there is no record of his birth, the Registrar General shall issue a certificate of birth…" However, the individual would require a declaration from a community leader, a declaration from a high standing community leader signed by a Justice of Peace or a Commissioner of Oaths or any other document with information indicating particulars of birth notarized by a Notary Public.
Williams said too that there are other amendments in the said Registration of Births and Deaths (Amendment) Act that can prove to be disastrous.
Opposition MP Amanza Walton Desir says she was not content with the loose manner in which the Births and Death Act was amended.was crafted."The new section 35 removes judicial oversight over the process of inserting a name in the registration form I a year or more has elapsed since the birth of a child where no name was given on registration. Likewise, for a name change or a child which it should have been given at the time of registering its birth. a parent or guardian had up to a year to do such insertion or change of a child's name after the registration of its birth," he reasoned.
Williams further pointed out that the old section 35 had required a parent or guardian to make an application to a Magistrate's Court if one or more years had elapsed. Notably, the Court needed to be satisfied that with the particulars in support of such application before it grants approval for the Registrar General to proceed to make and insertion or change of name.
In the meantime, Opposition MP Amanza Walton Desir said while there is support for making the Registration of Births and Deaths Act as simple as possible, she was not content with the loose manner in which the provision was crafted.
She expressed concern over the absence of a serious penalty within the Bill for any person who seeks to take advantage of it. In addition she said "this provision is a Trojan Horse. Wrapped up and lost away in other seemingly useful and progressive provisions, this clause provides the ultimate opportunity for mischief and it is perhaps the cornerstone that is being made to ultimately and possibly irreversibly subvert the will of the people of Guyana," she said.
Walton Desir pointed out that in countries such as Trinidad and Tobago, there are more efforts made to safeguard against the registering of any person as a national. These can include the provision of a letter from the hospital stating the child's date of birth and name of parents; statutory declaration from the applicants noting the reason for non-registration; an immunization card; a letter from the school they attended or possibly a marriage certificate of their parents.
The MP said: "All of this is going towards establishing identity and, Mr. Speaker, there must be some form of identification of the applicant." With Guyana's porous borders and thousands of Venezuelans in the country, she added that it is no secret that these migrant groups can become vulnerable to political pressure and influenced by the Bill passed in its current format.


text:
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Home Sections Obituary-Memorial Park Requiem for Tonette (AKA Ka Tonyang) Binsol
Requiem for Tonette (AKA Ka Tonyang) Binsol
Sections	- Obituary-Memorial Park
Dateline Manila, July 18, 2007
On Tuesday, July 17, 2007, a simple and quiet necrological ceremony was held for our beloved friend and OFW advocate and role model, Tonette Binsol. It took place amidst pouring rain in Manila that briefly threatened to flood the San Andres district where her mortal remains lay in the neighbourhood church which she had attended in her girlhood years.
The program must have started at around 7:00 p.m., because when I arrived at the venue about half an hour later, I had the impression that a few among the small and intimate gathering of close relatives, neighbors, and friends from the OFW internet groups had already spoken. My shoes and the lower part of my trousers were soaking wet from the rising floodwaters as I quietly made my way to Tonette's bier.
Attired in formal Filipina dress, Tonette exuded beauty and peace as she lay amidst the floral offerings and the framed Mass cards and testimonials that had been sent by some of her friends who managed to obtain details of her funeral wake.
On top of her bier were two or three frames that contained a collage of photos of Tonette from her childhood years, a solo photo as a professional, and a testimonial from the Breast Cancer Society of the Philippines that expressed their profuse thanks for the assistance she had extended to the society (just one of the many and diverse groups and organizations she had helped so selflessly during her lifetime.)
After some moments of silent prayer, I took my place among the group of mourners and caught the tail-end of a stirring testimony from Jun Aguilar, one of Tonette's co-workers in several advocacies for the OFW cause. As Jun detailed the various projects that Tonette had initiated or actively supported, he marvelled at the variety of her interests; the diligence, patience, time, energy, and professional competence that she put into all her undertakings; and the humility and selflessness that she showed through it all.
Later, several more friends in the audience, including myself, were asked by Ellen Sana, who moderated the program, to pay tribute to Tonette. Except for Jun Aguilar, Mean Gonzales, and Ellen Sana, most of the faces in that small crowd were unfamiliar to me. But all had something uniquely personal to say about Tonette and the impact she had made on their own lives and the organizations with which they are affiliated.
What struck me most was the testimony of her own mother, Angelita, who seemed hesitant at first to speak because she was afraid she might break down, but finally gave way to Ellen's coaxing.
Angelita Binsol has been a teacher all her life. She says that, of her two children – only daughter Tonette and only son Mark – Tonette was really of a different breed.
Tonette was a dreamer from her early childhood who was passionate about bringing her dreams to reality. She appreciated the value of knowledge and continuing education in attaining her dreams. She was simple and unaffected, and not given to fashion trends and novelties. She had an almost childlike and innate trust in the goodness of people. In intimate mother-daughter conversations, Angelita knew that her daughter had retained a virginal innocence all her life in her dealings with her fellowmen.
From her early years as a self-sufficient professional, Tonette manifested a natural propensity to deny herself the simple luxuries of life if only to be able to extend assistance and charity to those in need, a result perhaps of her Franciscan upbringing at St. Anthony's Academy in Singalong, Manila, where she excelled as a student.
It was no surprise, therefore, to her family that, as she rose in levels of responsibility as well as income in her professional career, much of her personal wealth went to her many projects and advocacies, instead of being channelled to her own needs and those of her immediate family. She was, however, unfailing in her regular remittance to give her share in meeting basic domestic needs.
So caught up was Tonette in her work for others – such as the overseas Filipinos, specific disadvantaged groups in the Philippines like the Aetas of Zambales, the fisherfolk of Samal Island, the coconut farmers of Quezon, and many others – that all her time, talent, and energy outside of her working hours for Mizuho Securities in Japan were spent on her advocacies. She was totally consumed by her concern for others; she had very little left for herself.
The occasional short visits of Tonette to the Philippines were never really a vacation for leisure. Tonette always came with a programmed schedule of working meetings and negotiations with the various individuals or groups that she needed to work with for her projects. She brought her mom and brother in tow to those meetings, hoping to squeeze some "quality time" with them in between.
Mommy Angelita and brother Mark never fully understood but learned to gradually accept that Tonette's calling was truly to be a "woman for others" (in the same mold as the Ignatian "man for others").
It was only upon Tonette's untimely demise that mother and brother have come to see (and better appreciate) the fruits of Tonette's unique vocation.
They marvel at the speed by which documents were processed and arrangements made for the transfer of Tonette's mortal remains and for Mark to obtain his passport and visa so he could fetch his sister from Japan back to the Philippines. What unseen but powerful and influential voices made telephone calls to the powers-that-be to facilitate everything for Tonette's sake?
They are amazed at the outpouring of unsolicited donations and support from Tonette's former schoolmates at St. Anthony's Academy, whom Tonette had served as class president and who are now residing in different countries of the world, that purchased Mark's round-trip air ticket and took care of expenses related to Tonette's funeral wake and interment.
They are overwhelmed and overjoyed by the spontaneous testimonials coming from all over the world about the amazing deeds and accomplishments of their daughter and sister in her all-too brief sojourn on earth.
They are touched to the core by the title that we, Tonette's admiring and grateful co-workers have endowed on her, which is that of being the "Mother Teresa of Cyberspace".
Today, at 10:00 a.m., at the South Cemetery in the City of Makati, the remains of Tonette or Ka Tonyang Binsol will be laid to rest, after a 9:00 a.m. Holy Mass at the St. Anthony of Padua Parish Church on Singalong Street in Manila.
Let us continue to celebrate and pray gratefully for God's gift of Tonette Binsol to humanity. May she rest in peace and joy forever in God's heavenly kingdom.
May we who remain behind be all blessed with the grace to carry on and pick up the pieces from where Tonette left off. ###
Editor's Note: Per Jimmy A. Cura's advisory, those who wish to get in touch directly with the family of the late Tonette or Ka Tonyang Binsol may send their messages to her brother, Mark Binsol, at markie_binsol@yahoo.com or mobile phone # +63 927 431 0712.
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text:
4 months after the wedding
Kitty sat in her father's study, attempting to sketch her father and Lydia playing chess together, when a maid came in and announced that there was mail for Kitty.
Kitty rose and went to collect it, delighted to find a letter from Georgiana.
Dear Kitty
I miss having you around so much. I have not had so much fun at Pemberley as when you were there and I cannot wait till next year when I come out and you get to spend the whole season with me.
How are things at Longbourn? Is your mother still talking about the wedding of the decade? Though I do admit, I think the wedding was absolutely perfect. I've never seen anyone as beautiful as your sisters on that day.
I'd like you to know that my brother loves the paintings you gifted him. He has hang your painting of Pemberley in his study right in front of his desk, right next to the painting you did of Lizzy reading in the parlour at Pemberley.
I've never stayed here at Darcy House with it being so very full. Besides William, Lizzy and myself, the Bingley's and Mary are here. Lizzy's friend Mrs Harriet Montfort, whom she met on her honeymoon in the Lakes, is also here.
Harriet's story is truely tragic. It makes me so sad to think of it. The year she was supposed to come out, her father died so she spent the year in mourning. Then when she came out at eighteen, she married Mr Montfort. However, it wasn't long into the marriage that he started to become sick. She looked after him for four years as his health declined and he died. The poor woman, now twenty six, a widow and has spent three years in mourning.
Lizzy apparently struck up a friendship over their common interest in charity work; Mrs Montfort helps out at the orphanage. She's stunningly beautiful as well. In fact there's a strong resemblance between her and your sister Jane. I think my cousin Richard is quite taken with her- he finds any excuse he can to come over and is disappointed when he does not find her here, even if his reason for coming was to visit me. It's quite amusing.
I'll get to the information that I know you are waiting for – the Matlock ball and Lizzy's presentation at court. The presentation was a great amount of fuss. Very elaborate dress and her best jewellery. To think I will have to go through all that next year! Lizzy says it was successful and overall, underwhelming.
Lizzy and Jane both looked stunning for the ball. I know you want the details of the dresses. Jane wrote a stunning blue gown with black lace overlay on the bodice, and a sapphire necklace. Lizzy wore an emerald green gown (no lace) with a ruby necklace. Even Mary (your aunt has done wonders with her wardrobe) looked wonderful, and I think I've gotten the best account of the ball from her. I wish I could have attended.
Mary says both her sisters danced every dance, and she says she danced most dances as well. The only upset, I believe, is when Jane's nose started bleeding during a dance.
They must have had a great deal of fun last night – Lizzy and Jane are both feeling quite sick this morning. My brother and Mr Bingley are hovering over them quite worried.
I can't wait to hear from you.
"Has Miss Darcy written to you? Has she written about the ball?" asked Mrs Bennet.
To satisfy her mother, Kitty read out the section on the ball. Mrs Bennet arose, excited and raced to her husband's study, with Kitty trailing behind her in surprise. "Oh Mr Bennet Mr Bennet, what good news! We are to become grandparents."
Kitty looked surprised. "How do you know that?"
"Oh Mr Bennet, do you remember how my nose would bleed when I was pregnant with Jane? And so very sick as well?"
"If your mother says your sisters are pregnant, then they are pregnant," said Mr Bennet, though he wore a silly grin on his face for the remainder of his chess game with Lydia.
11 months after the wedding
Mr Bennet was handed the express which had just been received. He went to his study to read it peacefully. As expected, it came from Darcy.
Dear Mr Bennet
On the 18th of September, Master Bennet George Darcy was born. Both mother and child are healthy and well and the midwife said that there were no complications with the birth.
I must thank you for allowing Miss Catherine to attend Lizzy during this time. She has been a great comfort to Lizzy in keeping her spirits up. As you can imagine, Lizzy has been rather cross and out of sorts as she has not been able to wander as long or as far as she is want to do. Kitty has been a great comfort to us all, especially as we know that your wife has been busy attending Mrs Bingley after the birth of young Elizabeth.
Fitzwilliam Darcy
Mr Bennet sat back and smiled. He then rose and went to find his wife. "Mrs Bennet, the heir to Pemberley had been born." He handed her the express.
Mrs Bennet fanned herself in happiness. "God had been so very good to us and the girls!"
12 months later
Mr Darcy sat in his study and opened the letter from Bingley.
D***y
Congratulations on the birth *blot* Ben***. We're *blot* hear that mother and son *blot* well and the birth was uncomplicated.
Little Beth is growing well and sleeping *blot*. She is a true little angel *blot blot* mother.
Mrs Bennet is *blot blot* well- meaning advice *blot blot* constantly. *blot* considerate of Jane *blotblot* tired. Jane and I are thinking *blot* buying an estate further North. Jane would love to be closer to her sister and having the cousins grow *blot* together.
We're both excited *blotblot* Colonel Fitzwilliam's wedding next month to Mrs Harriet *blot blot* Lakes. *blot* excited *blot* meet little Bennet and to see you *blot* again. Jane, too, is keen to see her friend Harriet, who she grew so fond of earlier *blot* year. *blot* happy for the two of them.
Talking of weddings, Caroline is engaged to *blot* family friend of Mr Hurst, Mr Andrew Grady. He has finished mourning the death of his first wife, hence why we haven't seen much of him. I think *blot blot* lucky *blot* didn't marry *blot*. I must say the two of them are well suited to each other. They both enjoy society and their attitudes *blot blot blot*. She is delighted that his estate is only 5 miles from Bath *blot blot* close to London. The wedding will be in London in *blot blot* on the 17th of *blot*.
*blot* will be happy to see you next month. We'll be arriving at Pemberley on the *blot*. *blot* looking forward to viewing suitable estates in Derbyshire and neighbouring surrounds.
Charles Bingley
Elizabeth came in, walked behind the desk and put her arms around her husband's shoulders, resting her chin on his head. "Do you know what Mr Bingley has written to you?"
"Mostly. Is little Ben asleep?"
"He tried hard fighting going to sleep, but I won in the end. What did you get out of the letter?"
"I think Bingley wants to buy an estate closer to us."
"And further away from my mother? I take it Jane has finally had enough. There's that empty estate in Bakewell that's probably the right size for them."
"I think Richard might have been considering purchasing it after his marriage to Mrs Montfort."
"I thought even with her dowry and the money he had they still couldn't afford it."
Mr Darcy tipped his head in a half nod. "You're probably right. I think they can afford a smaller estate, about the size of your father's."
"Where are they going to live after the wedding? Is Richard going to retire from the army?"
"I know his parents want him to, however, I think deep down, he enjoys the army too much. I think he will continue on for a few more years before retiring to an estate. I think he'll use the excuse of not finding the right property as an excuse to stay in the army."
"Where will they live?"
"I think with his parents for the time being," replied Mr Darcy.
"I am so happy for her that she gets this second chance to be happy and to have children." Elizabeth walked over to the window. "Talking about second chances, will Lady Catherine be at the wedding?"
Mr Darcy nodded his head. "Why do you ask?"
"Now that we have an heir for Pemberley, and that Richard is the recalcitrant nephew for not marrying Anne, is now the right time to attempt to extend an olive branch to Lady Catherine?"
"Richard did ask Anne to marry him, as the Rosings' estate was exactly the kind of estate that would suit him. But Anne is determined not to marry and she knows Richard wants children. Of course this was all kept quiet else our Aunt would have declared it a match regardless of her daughter's wishes. But yes, we could try now and see if she is willing to make amends."
It sounds like you are having a grand old time in London. Do try to remember your little sister whilst you are at all those balls and dinners, dancing with Lord such-and-such. I find it odd that Mary wants to stay with Aunt and Uncle Gardiner rather than staying with Lizzy at Darcy House.
Mama is still put out with Jane for moving to Bakewell. Even though the Gardiner's good friends have now purchased Netherfield, as the son of the owner is only ten, she sees it as a complete waste, not that it worries me one hoot. I try to remind her that the new owner's single brother and cousin visit them regularly, but she's not interested in them in the least. Though the Green's younger brother is clearly making a move on Maria. He's always sitting with her or following her around.
Lizzy is mother's favourite daughter, especially as she is now the 'grandmother to the heir of Pemberley'. I have seen Mrs Long roll her eyes at the mention of young Bennet. I'm mighty impressed that Lady Lucas has yet to roll her eyes whilst I've been watching, but then she talks about little Lucas Collins just as much as Mama mentions Ben.
Do tell Lizzy I have finally beat Papa at chess. I'm waiting to have a game with her next time we meet.
Lydia Bennet
Dear Lydia
I have never had so much fun. Georgiana and I must now have seen every opera and Shakespeare play currently showing in London. We've been to the museum and gallery and have visited Matlock house to dine with the Earl and Countess more times than I can possibly count.
I'm glad that Lizzy had told us there's no rush to get married and that we should both enjoy our time being single. I look at Lizzy, married for barely a year and she does not look like she is having fun. She's tired all the time, I in fact caught her yawning at the Shakespeare play "A Mid-Summer Nights Dream" the other night. The other day she had been trying to feed Ben and he was having far too much fun spitting his food out over her. Then when she went to pick him up, he vomited all over her hair. Ten minutes later she's changed and the maid got most of her hair clean and she's smiling at some surprise guest that has shown up.
She's busy running the house, or with Ben or smiling after guests. I know she's trying her hardest at making sure Georgiana makes the most of her debut year, yet, I think she'd much rather be at Pemberley. I'm going to enjoy being unmarried and get the most out of visiting London. And though it is fun to cuddle Ben, I'm not remotely ready to have my own.
I've been busy painting a painting of Georgiana in her gown she wore for her coming out ball. This is by far and away my largest painting yet and I think my best.
We had Lady Catherine show up, Mr Collins' patroness. What a rude, pompous, old woman! She came into the house and insulted all the changes Elizabeth has made. I do not know how Lizzy sat there with a smile on her face. Mr Darcy had a stony look on his face. It was the same kind of look he had all the time in Meryton.
I believe Mary went to stay with the Gardiners as she likes one of their friends, a young Dr Andrew Johnson. I've even seen Mary reading through the anatomy and medical books in the library here. When we are at dinner with the Gardiner's she'll spend all night talking with him if he's there. I expect there will be an announcement soon.
Colonel Richard has a staff Officer, Major Rothwell. He has become a pleasant constant in our company as he always accompanies Colonel Fitzwilliam wherever he goes, which is quite often to the Darcy's, or we see him at the Matlock's. He certainly livens up the company with his army anecdotes.
You would have loved the Matlock ball and we're busy preparing for the Darcy ball on Friday. I've never had such nice dresses, or enjoyed my dances nearly so much. I danced....
Lydia skimmed the rest of the letter, bored of the references to all the dull people that Kitty or Georgiana had danced with or what people had worn. She was trying to work out what would be the most profitable crop to plant in the spring in Longbourn's fields.
She wandered to her father's study and stopped as she could see a maid had just entered before she got there. "Sir, there's a Dr Andrew Johnson to see you."
It is so nice to be home again. Our honeymoon to Italy was just magical. The art, the museums, the music, it was all beyond anything I've enjoyed before. The food was magnificent! I've become addicted to their pizza, which is a dough that they put sauce and herbs on. So simple yet so delicious. James and I both agree it was our favourite. I'll be sure to have our cook make that.
You must come and visit me at Hillgrove Hall, perhaps on your way home from Christmas with the Bingleys. I absolutely insist or this Baroness will be most put out! How strange to now be a Baroness.
James has been wonderful showing me his estate around the castle and his staff are very competent. It's daunting managing the accounts and staff for such a place. I'm so glad that Lizzy took me through Pemberley's accounts and we got to practice whilst Lizzy was pregnant.
Talking about Lizzy, have you heard she's pregnant again? I hope I get a niece this time. I heard that Mrs Bingley has had a son. Everyone is getting married and having children! Harriet and Richard are expecting as well. And then when we go to London for the season there is Miss Emma Hargrave's wedding. The painting you did of her in her debut dress was wonderful.
Talking of portraits, my brother was rather put out that I took my painting with me. It's now hanging in the hall at Hillgrove but I think I'll put it in the London house.
How is your sister Mary settling into her new home in London as Mrs Johnson? It is such an adjustment. This will be the first time I do not have Christmas with William. We will be having Christmas with my husband's sister and her family.
When will we see you engaged to young Major Rothwell? I saw the two of you at my wedding and over the last season in London. The two of you were always together. I hope to hear of an engagement soon.
How strange to sign off with my new name. I suppose I'll get used to it at some stage and sign off with the same amount of pomp as my Aunt Catherine.
Lady Georgiana Hamilton
Dear Lizzy
It is good to be home again. Thank you so much for having me at Pemberley for so long. Little Thomas is such a sweet little baby, and Bennet appeared to do all in his power to be a good older brother.
With all of us sister's flitting around the country staying with either the Gardiner's or with yourself or Jane, our household costs have certainly come down. Along with the changes I've made on the estate, I believe we'll see a 20% increase in estate revenue.
Kitty will certainly need all increases in Longbourn's profits to marry her Major. He'll need to save his money to purchase his commission for Colonel. Kitty and I have gone over their budget with what the major earns and her dowry and it is a tight living. I know the aim is to purchase a small estate, but they are short many thousands of pounds, and it will realistically take them a good decade to afford any form of estate. However, they can do it, so I think they should be able to marry in the spring, after this next season.
Everyone raves about Kitty's paintings. I've decided I can do just as well and I've taken up painting to see what the fuss is all about. I will acknowledge she is much better at portraits than I. Any drawing I do of people is terrible, especially their faces. I don't know how she is able to get them looking so real and lifelike. I will stick to painting flowers and plants.
I know you'll be coming late to the season this year. I look forward to our trip to London and staying with the Gardiners. It is always such fun to terrorise his young clerks by walking behind them and pointing out their book keeping errors. It's even more fun when they try and flirt with me first before I do so. But Uncle Gardiner says I'm not to distract his staff in such a way any more and that I make them nervous. He's no fun at all!
I also look forward to beating you at chess.
I have wonderful news to share. I'm now engaged to Robert Bracks, the young biologist we met at that dinner you hosted in London last season.
I am very grateful to our Aunt Madelein for all the trips to Hyde Park where I met with Robert and helped him draw the flowers for his research papers. You are probably unaware, but after our meeting at your dinner I stumbled on him in Hyde Park where he was making a complete mess of his attempts to draw the flowers and plants for his paper. His drawings are worse than Mr Bingley's letters! Smudge marks with no sense of proportion. So I agreed to help him with his drawing, and we've been working together like that since. Aunt Madelein would kindly escort me to the park or Robert would drop off samples at the Gardiner residence for me to sketch.
Then, last week he comes to me all distressed to tell me he's been offered a position in South America and he's distressed about leaving me behind. So I say he could marry me, then I could go with him. Men are such complete dolts! It had not remotely occurred to him that that was the solution, thought it a great idea and thought we were engaged! I had to tell him we weren't engaged until he asked me, so he immediately asks me, so I refuse! Such a look of shock on his face. I say to him 'You can't do a terrible proposal like that with no thought and expect me to accept. Go away, put some proper thought and effort like you mean it, and then I will think about it.'
So he goes and visits father to seek permission, asks to meet me in Hyde Park near the Rose gardens at sunset. He gets down on one knee, brings out a ring and asks me if I'd do him the honour of becoming his wife and travel the world looking for adventure with him. It was beautiful and romantic and of course I said yes! We've been the best of friends and I can think of no other man better than him. I'm so ecstatically happy!
I remember you saying that one day I would meet the man who complements me, and you were right. We met and became friends as I could draw and help him with his work as he was terrible. He is calm and quiet and can calm me down when I am cross. Not to mention he is the most handsome man to ever walk this earth. He has an exciting occupation that allows me to travel with him instead of being stuck on a dull estate. I'm sorry to say so but it is true. You and Mr Darcy are both exceedingly dull.
I expect to see you at our wedding in two months time at Longbourn. We'll be leaving the week after for South America – our wedding trip will be on a ship! I'm so excited.
Oh, by the way, Robert and I have long shared everything. He's spoken about the man who manages the money he inherited from his mother and from what I can gather, I believe this man to not be honest. I think he may be stealing from Robert. I'll soon get to look through the books to determine the truth for myself, but I suspect I won't be believed. Can Mr Darcy perhaps recommend a good auditor that he knows of in either London or Oxford? Oxford will be our permanent home when we get back from South America.
From your loving and happy sister
I've arrived in Rio de Janeiro safe and well, though delighted to be off the ship. I think I may have been pregnant, but in truth, who could tell between the sea sickness. I am relieved to have not had a child during the voyage as I've no idea how I would have looked after it.
Robert and I will be off to Sao Paulo tomorrow for him to start his research work. Sao Paulo will be our home between each expedition. How exciting that we will be exploring into the jungle. Robert says there are bound to be hundreds of new species of plants and animals, and he has promised to name the first flower he finds after me! I must admit I am excited to draw them all. My pictures will get published in the scientific papers. Ha, who would have thought that a decade ago? I certainly never would have thought that I'd ever leave England.
Do not despair, we will only be away three years. Feel free to use one of our apartments, especially if you are in Oxford. I've told our lawyer they are to give you and the Colonel free rent if you wish to stay there.
Robert is absolutely perfect for me. He is completely absorbed by his biology and work that I have complete free reign to organise the finances. At any rate, this is a grand new adventure. My only sorrow is that I don't have you to share it with.
Lydia Bracks
Dear Fitzwilliam
I've written to announce my impending marriage to Mr Clark. I know you are surprised but stop! I know what I am about. I know he is our old butler and I was the one to propose to him.
After Mama's death two years back, I've been getting in touch with my be Bourgh cousins to work out who will be my heir, as Mama had worked hard to cut off any communication between myself and my cousins. My father had two brothers and a sister. The elder of the two brothers went into the law as did both of his two sons. His eldest boy would naturally be my heir, however, on meeting them, I simply don't like either of them. My Aunt, and her son and daughters were also haughty and tried hard to convince me that they would make much better heirs. I don't like them either.
My youngest uncle went into the church and he is a warm and caring person. He has seven children, the eldest of which is now also in the church. His wife died in childbirth, leaving him alone to raise the children, but it is a tough life with seven mouths to feed.
I've decided that I wish to make the youngest two my heirs, their ages being fifteen and twelve, but my lawyer says that my lawyer cousins may dispute it after my death. He had said the best way to ensure no contest was to adopt them, which requires me to marry. I am marrying the retired Rosings' butler, who has always been loyal to us and worked faithfully for us. It is a win-win situation. His future is secured in comfort for the remainder of his life, and I adopt my cousins. I do not care about the Ton or what they have to say.
Please pass on to Lizzy that the Collins' are doing well. Their two children are polite, sensible and considerate children, but that is to be expected with Charlotte as their mother. Little Anna Marie Collins is a true little angel, always kind to everyone. Just the other day she picked up an injured bird and insisted on nursing it back to health.
Tell Mrs Bracks if you see her before her departure to Van Diemen's land that I loved her book on her adventures in South America. I can understand why it was a best seller amongst the Ton. It is a pity I didn't make it to one of your wife's parties to meet her sister in person, though Mr Collins, I hear, did not approve of her adventures.
Give your four darling children a hug for me. In particular, give little Richard a pinch on the cheek. That is for the broken vase I found hidden under his bed when he last stayed with us.
Your faithful cousin
Anne de Bourgh
Sir and Lady Darcy entered their London house, pulling off their outer ware, along with their three youngest children. A maid led them into the parlour for some refreshments, before they got changed from their travel clothes. The Bingley's with three of their five children soon followed.
"I'm glad to be home again," announced Jane Madeleine Darcy. At eighteen years of age, she should have been in the midst of enjoying her second season. Instead, she was in mourning clothes after attending the funeral of their grandfather, Mr Bennet.
Bennet, his grandfather's namesake, had been given the management of the Scotland estate, and had departed Longbourn to return to Scotland.
Thomas Darcy, so much like his father, stood by the window looking out. "How long will you stay in London? There's not much point in remaining here when you cannot enjoy the amusements."
"Bingley and I were made the executors of Mr Bennet's will, so we must ensure the estate is settled properly before returning North. I've other business to attend to as well. I hope for it to be done within a month."
Thomas nodded, then looked at his youngest brother Richard, and the younger Bingley boy, Frederick. "When do you two return to Eton?"
"Semester break. We've got two weeks off," replied Richard.
"When do you return to work?" asked Mrs Bingley.
Thomas, instead of following the usual second son occupations of law, armed forces or the church had decided to pursue journalism, and now worked as a beginner reporter for the Times. "I return Monday."
Richard Fitzwilliam, who alternated between staying at his brother's townhouse and Darcy's when in London, entered then.
"It is good to see you all back. Lady Darcy, Mrs Bingley, I'm very sorry for your loss."
"Thankyou Richard," replied Elizabeth.
The Bingleys and the Darcy siblings rose and excused themselves to change, leaving just Sir and Lady Darcy with Richard.
"How is my young Major and your sister Catherine? Is their removal from Longbourn to their new estate settled?" asked Richard.
Catherine had married Major Rothwell, and for the first several years they had rented cheap accommodation or lived with family. The Major was promoted and their situation improved, though Kitty lived as cheaply as she could so they could save up for an estate. That became more difficult to achieve after the birth of three children, two boys and one daughter. However, when Mrs Bennet died, it was decided that Kitty and the children would move back to Longbourn so that Kitty could help her elderly father manage the estate. That helped to save enough money to be able to purchase their own small estate, which they had done the previous year. They had put Bingley's eldest boy in charge so that he could get experience in managing a small estate.
"They've got a month to pack. Lydia, Jane, Mary and I will return after the will reading to sort through my father's affects and work out what remains with the estate and what is divided out amongst us."
"When do the Collins' move in?"
"In two months. Mr de Bourgh has insisted they cannot leave until he has found a replacement for the living. I also don't believe Charlotte feels any hurry to leave her daughter." Mr de Bourgh inherited Rosings three years earlier when Anne de Bourgh died. As he had no interest in fashion and cared not for the Ton, there was no surprise when he married his lifelong friend, Anna Collins, the previous year.
"What of your sister, Mrs Bracks? Is she staying in the country or is she on any further overseas adventures?"
Elizabeth laughed. "No, Lydia is staying home. Her time gallivanting around the world is over. She's focused on raising her four children now." Lydia, after three years in South America where her eldest was born, had stayed in England for two years, enough time for a second child to be born. But she and her husband had got the travel bug and found England dull compared to exploring new lands. They then went to spend four years in Van Diemen's Land with a one year stint in South Africa. Two further children had been born to Lydia in this time.
"I have some news of an old acquaintance," announced Richard, pulling out a letter. "Darcy, do you remember Lumley?"
"Yes, I remember we used to play with him whenever we visited Matlock."
"He was given a senior post in the colony of Victoria. He wrote me a letter after running into our old friend Wickham when visiting Sydney for work."
Sir Darcy raised an eyebrow. "How is Wickham? Drunk and bankrupt in a gutter?"
"The opposite in fact. Read the letter." Elizabeth came to read the letter over her husband's shoulder.
Dear Richard
How are you and Harriet and the children doing? Is your second son following you into an army career?
My post here keeps me busy but the weather here is crazy, especially in summer. One minute boiling hot, the next blows in a frosty rain and is then raining for the next several days with a frosty wind, then back to steaming hot.
I've recently had to travel to Sydney to visit the Governor of New South Wales. Whilst there I was invited to the races at Hyde Park which is the central Sydney Park. Whilst there, I could hear a familiar voice. I turn around to see who it is when I spot a man, dressed in a fine coat and top hat in amongst many other finely dressed men, with an exceptionally attractive woman in her early forties on his arm.
I approach George Wickham who at this stage is celebrating with his friends as his racehorse had won. He hails me, introduces me to his wife Rebecca, his two brother-in-laws, and two of the sons of John Macarthur.
Darcy put down the letter. "Where have I heard the name Macarthur."
"Yes, it sounds very familiar," agreed Elizabeth.
"You are wearing the wool from his sheep right now. He produced the world's finest merino wool. Owned thousands upon thousands of acres of land in New South Wales. And he was here in London for a number of years after that fiasco with Bligh," answered Richard.
They both nodded and continued to read.
It appears he had won his winning racehorse in a game of cards with Macarthur's sons, and that they regularly exchanged horses in this manner. Mr Wickham owns a number of racehorses, several of which were racing that day. Mr Wickham invited me to lunch during the week.
It was with great anticipation that I caught up with Mr Wickham. I asked how he came to be here, as I had heard he had been sentenced to deportation. Mr Wickham had just laughed.
'Coming to Australia was the best thing that ever happened to me. On completing my sentence, one of the local farmers, ex-convicts from the first fleet, employed me as a tutor for his son. University educated men, or even men who can read, outside of those in the military, are in short supply. I was paid handsomely to teach his children, and particularly the boys on how to be gentlemen.'
I asked him if he was still running up debts by gambling. He laughed. 'I'm in a country full of convicts. By default credit is not extended unless you've proven yourself. They certainly don't extend it to an ex-convict. So if I could not produce the money upfront, I didn't get what I wanted. A very effective way of not running up debts.'
I asked him if he was still womanising, and he pointed to a faded burn scar across his cheek. 'In the early days I had tried to entertain a certain young lady until her father and brothers found out about it. They were ex-convicts and they had no problem treating me in an ungentlemanly like way. What was said the next day was that I had gotten drunk and fell into a fire, but everyone in Sydney knew the truth. The women here were then warned enough to stay away.'
I then asked him how he had convinced his wife to marry him. Yet again, he laughed. 'Ha, I had no say in the matter. Dear Rebecca had already chosen me as her future husband before I even knew her name. I had been introduced to her a few times, but the first time she truely came to my notice was during a party we'd both been invited to with all the prominent Sydney families. I remember her coming up to me and asking 'who do you think is the most powerful person in this room?' I, of course, dutifully point to the Governor. She merely laughed. 'Look to the man on your left.' I saw a man I'd not met before, sitting at a table, essentially holding court, surrounded by others. 'That is John Macarthur, largest landholder, courtesy of him being friends with some English lord. He mutinied against a Governor, throws him in prison and yet here he sits, alive, richer than ever, newly returned from London. Make no mistake, he is the most powerful man in New South Wales. He is setting his family up as the nobility here, with himself as King.'
She had asked Mr Wickham outright. 'How ambitious are you, Mr Wickham? Do you wish to be a tutor of rich men's children, or do you wish to be a rich man?' Mr Wickham said he'd never been so bewitched with a woman before.
Mr Wickham said she'd approached him a week later with a deal. 'I will permit you to marry me provided you work for my brother. Once you've made ten thousand pounds in sales, or can sell five thousand pounds and secure five merino sheep for my brother, we can marry.'
Mr Wickham said he'd laughed and straight out asked why she was interested in him at all when she could marry many other richer men, especially with her ten thousand pound dowry. She had said she had multiple reasons. First that she had seen his potential as a natural salesman, especially as her own brother was useless at it. Her other reason was that she believed Mr Wickham to be smart and ambitious enough to give her control over her money. She did not believe the other options in the colony would give her that freedom. He said his wife was a genius with money. She intuitively knew what were growth markets, which businesses would succeed and others fail.
I asked him how long it took him to meet his end of the bargain. 'One year' said he. Apparently his wife had been right, and he was a natural in sales. He became a partner in her brother's business and within a year it had tripled in size. He said it was hilarious when he went to propose. 'I knocked on her brother's door at his sheep station. Rebecca came out and was surprised to find me in the middle of 10 merino sheep, seven ewes and three rams. From the middle of the flock I asked her to marry me. She, with her mouth agape asked how I'd got the sheep. I told her I'd won them in a card game with Edward Macarthur. She asked what on earth I'd used as collateral, and I told her I'd used her brother's sheep station. She was furious and told me she would kill me and anyone else involved if I ever gambled her brother's sheep station again. At any rate, we married.'
I told him I never thought to see him settle down. I asked if his eye wandered at all and he said he wouldn't dare else his wife would kill him. 'And that is no idle threat,' said he. 'When she was pregnant with our first child, I had thought to take advantage of our servant girl and I had thought Rebecca hadn't noticed it. Then one time, as I was talking with the girl, she walks past, carrying her rifle muttering 'damn kangaroos'. She marched to the patio, lined up her rifle, made enough noise to get the roos hopping off, and from 200 yards, shoots one down straight through the head. I knew that had been purely for my benefit, and would be the only warning I'd ever get. I asked her brothers about her shooting skill, and they said it was the one sport that she outshone her brothers. As her elder brother said, 'her rifle is guided by the devil himself'. I am not fool enough to cross her.'
I then asked if he missed England and wished to return. That was answered by a simple 'why, everything that matters to me is here. I have an estate at Rose Hill, racehorses, a beautiful wife and family. I have a controlling interest in some 10 percent of Sydney's businesses. I return to England and I have nothing and am nothing. No, I do not want to return to England.'
I then asked him about his children and the response was one of the funniest I heard for many a year. I'm certain you'll find it appropriate. 'I have been both cursed and blessed with five children. All daughters. I hope that they do not turn out to be like either their father or mother. I absolutely fear them turning out like me. At least their mother has the rifle ready.'
At this, both Elizabeth and Sir Darcy started to laugh, starting as a small chuckle and building to a belly shaking laugh. After many minutes, Elizabeth wiped a tear from her eye. "Thank you Richard. I have not laughed like that since I heard about my father's illness."
Sir Darcy, wiping the tear from his eye, "what a fitting punishment for his womanising. Now he needs to consistently be on the lookout for men like him, and hope his daughters don't have his lack of discipline or have the same taste for risk as himself."
"I thought you would enjoy that," said Richard, then glancing at his watch, "oh no, I'm late to meet the lawyers. I'll be back in a few hours."
They watched him leave. "It makes sense that working in sales was where his natural talents always lay. His ease and charm with people; he never had an issue convincing people to do as he bid. Who would have thought that all it took was a good woman to control Wickham and to see his potential?" said Darcy.
"I'm not sure she's a 'good' woman. Strong and crafty, clever, yes, but a 'good' woman would never try to control anyone in that way. Let's say she is the 'right' woman for Wickham."
"He never had to strive or earn the affections of a woman before. I think that was a genius move. For the first time he had to work to gain what he sought. I must admit I had some guilt when I had him tried. I'm glad he has found success and happiness in the colonies."
They were silent whilst they contemplated this. Sir Darcy asked Elizabeth "how will Lydia feel about this?"
"I doubt she will feel anything at all; so much time has passed since the events in Brighton." Elizabeth tapped her chin as she thought. "If the events in Brighton hadn't occurred, Lydia would never have sought to improve herself. Had she run off with Wickham, she and all of us would have been ruined. Had Wickham acted the gentleman, Lydia would have returned unaffected and unchanged from the trip and would have learnt nothing. She needed to have her heart broken to understand her insignificance to be able to improve her mind and to actually become someone who has done some significant things. She took control of Longbourn's finances and mama's spending, hence why on mama's death we each inherited two thousand instead of one thousand pounds. That extra thousand allowed the Rothwell's to purchase their estate. She increased yields at Longbourn and reduced waste. Lydia travelled the world, wrote two best selling books about her travels, and had her drawings of new plants published in scientific papers. Her husband named a South American flower after her. Just as our work on education got you knighted, her husband's work on biology will see him knighted and her becoming a lady. I think she has made a significant contribution. Papa was proud of her."


text:
NASA: July 2016 Was The Hottest Month on Record on Earth
WeatherBrains | August 18, 2016 |
NASA Analysis Finds July 2016 is Warmest on Record
by NASA
July 2016 was the warmest July in 136 years of modern record-keeping, according to a monthly analysis of global temperatures by scientists at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York.
Because the seasonal temperature cycle peaks in July, it means July 2016 also was warmer than any other month on record. July 2016's temperature was a statistically small 0.1 degrees Celsius warmer than previous warm Julys in 2015, 2011 and 2009.
"It wasn't by the widest of margins, but July 2016 was the warmest month since modern record keeping began in 1880," said GISS Director Gavin Schmidt. "It appears almost a certainty that 2016 also will be the warmest year on record."
The record warm July continued a streak of 10 consecutive months dating back to October 2015 that have set new monthly high-temperature records. Compared to previous years, the warmer global temperatures last month were most pronounced in the northern hemisphere, particularly near the Arctic region.
The modern global temperature record begins around 1880 because previous observations didn't cover enough of the planet.
WeatherBrains | August 18, 2016
2 thoughts on "NASA: July 2016 Was The Hottest Month on Record on Earth"


text:
// FM_Test.cpp : Defines the entry point for the DLL application.
//
#include "stdafx.h"
//#include "vDUT.h"
//#include "TestManager.h"
#include "FM_Test.h"
#include "IQlite_Timer.h"
#include "IQlite_Logger.h"
#include "FM_Test_Internal.h"
#include "IQmeasure.h"

// This global variable is declared in FM_Test_Internal.cpp
extern TM_ID        g_FM_Test_ID;
extern vDUT_ID      g_FM_Dut;
extern int			g_Logger_ID;
extern int          g_FM_Test_timer;
extern int			g_Tester_Type;
extern int			g_Tester_Number;
extern int			g_Tester_Reconnect;

#ifdef _MANAGED
#pragma managed(push, off)
#endif

using namespace std;

BOOL APIENTRY DllMain( HMODULE hModule,
                      DWORD  ul_reason_for_call,
                      LPVOID lpReserved
                      )
{
    switch (ul_reason_for_call)
    {
    case DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH:
        InitializeAllContainers();
        break;
    case DLL_THREAD_ATTACH:
    case DLL_THREAD_DETACH:
    case DLL_PROCESS_DETACH:
        break;
    }

    return TRUE;
}

#ifdef _MANAGED
#pragma managed(pop)
#endif

FM_TEST_API int GetFMTestID(TM_ID* fmTestID)
{
	*fmTestID = g_FM_Test_ID;
	return ERR_OK;
}

FM_TEST_API int   GetFMDutID(vDUT_ID* fmDutID)
{
	*fmDutID = g_FM_Dut;
	return ERR_OK;
}

FM_TEST_API int   GetFMGlobalSetting(FM_GLOBAL_SETTING** fmGlobleSetting)
{
	*fmGlobleSetting = &g_FMGlobalSettingParam;
	return ERR_OK;
}

FM_TEST_API int FM_technologyRegister()
{
    /*---------------------*
     * Create the timer ID *
     *---------------------*/
    if( -1==g_FM_Test_timer )
    {
        TIMER_CreateTimer("FM_Test", &g_FM_Test_timer);
    }
    else
    {
        // Timer ID is already created; no need to do it again
    }

    TM_ID technologyID=-1;
    TM_RegisterTechnology("FM", &technologyID);
    if( technologyID>=0 )
    {
        TM_InstallCallbackFunction(technologyID, "GLOBAL_SETTINGS",				FM_Global_Setting);
        TM_InstallCallbackFunction(technologyID, "CONNECT_IQ_TESTER",			FM_Connect_IQTester);
        TM_InstallCallbackFunction(technologyID, "DISCONNECT_IQ_TESTER",		FM_Disconnect_IQTester);
        TM_InstallCallbackFunction(technologyID, "INSERT_DUT",					FM_Insert_Dut);
        TM_InstallCallbackFunction(technologyID, "INITIALIZE_DUT",				FM_Initialize_Dut);
        TM_InstallCallbackFunction(technologyID, "REMOVE_DUT",					FM_Remove_Dut);
		TM_InstallCallbackFunction(technologyID, "FM_LOAD_PATH_LOSS_TABLE",		FM_LoadPathLossTable);
		TM_InstallCallbackFunction(technologyID, "RUN_EXTERNAL_PROGRAM",		FM_Run_External_Program);

		TM_InstallCallbackFunction(technologyID, "TX_VERIFY_RF_MEASUREMENTS",	 FM_TX_Verify_RF_MEASUREMENTS);
		TM_InstallCallbackFunction(technologyID, "TX_VERIFY_AUDIO",				 FM_TX_Verify_AUDIO);

		TM_InstallCallbackFunction(technologyID, "RX_VERIFY_AUDIO",				 FM_RX_Verify_AUDIO);
		TM_InstallCallbackFunction(technologyID, "RX_VERIFY_RSSI",			     FM_RX_Verify_RSSI);
   		TM_InstallCallbackFunction(technologyID, "RX_VERIFY_RDS",			     FM_RX_Verify_RDS);
		TM_InstallCallbackFunction(technologyID, "LOAD_PATH_LOSS_TABLE",		FM_LoadPathLossTable);

        g_FM_Test_ID = technologyID;

		/*----------------------*
		 * Create the logger ID *
		 *----------------------*/
		if( -1==g_Logger_ID )
		{
			LOGGER_CreateLogger("FM_Test_Log", &g_Logger_ID);
			// TODO: if possible, must do the error handling here
		}
		else
		{
			// Logger ID created already. No need to do it again
		}
    }
	else
	{
		// do nothing
	}

    return technologyID;
}

FM_TEST_API int AverageTestResult(double *resultArray, int averageTimes, int logType, double &averageResult, double &maxResult, double &minResult)
{
    int err = ERR_OK;
    // Averaging after all measurements are done, by an averaging function
    int i = 0;

    averageResult = 0.0;
    maxResult = minResult = resultArray[0];

	if (0==averageTimes)
	{
		return -1;	// Error, can not divided by zero
	}
	else
	{
		if (logType==Linear)
		{
			for (i=0;i<averageTimes;i++)
			{
				maxResult = max(maxResult, resultArray[i]);
				minResult = min(minResult, resultArray[i]);
				averageResult = averageResult + resultArray[i];
			}

			averageResult = averageResult / averageTimes;
		}
		else
		{
			if(LOG_20 == logType)
			{
				for (i=0;i<averageTimes;i++)
				{
					maxResult = max(maxResult, resultArray[i]);
					minResult = min(minResult, resultArray[i]);
					averageResult = averageResult + pow(pow( 10,(resultArray[i]/logType)), 2);
				}
				averageResult = sqrt(averageResult / averageTimes);
			}
			else
			{
				 for (i=0;i<averageTimes;i++)
				{
					maxResult = max(maxResult, resultArray[i]);
					minResult = min(minResult, resultArray[i]);
					averageResult = averageResult + pow( 10,(resultArray[i]/logType) );
				}
				 averageResult = averageResult / averageTimes;
			}

			if (0!=averageResult)
			{
				averageResult = logType*(log10(averageResult));
			}
			else
			{
				averageResult = 0;
			}
		}
	}

    return err;
}

FM_TEST_API int  RespondToQueryInput( map<string, FM_SETTING_STRUCT>& inputMap)
{
    int err = ERR_OK;

    map<string, FM_SETTING_STRUCT>::iterator inputMap_Iter;

    int     *integerValue;
    double  *doubleValue;
    char    *stringValue;

    TM_ClearReturns(g_FM_Test_ID);
    inputMap_Iter = inputMap.begin();
    while( inputMap_Iter!=inputMap.end() )
    {
        if( NULL!=inputMap_Iter->second.unit )
        {
            TM_AddUnitReturn(g_FM_Test_ID, (TM_STR)inputMap_Iter->first.c_str(), (TM_STR)inputMap_Iter->second.unit);
        }
        if( NULL!=inputMap_Iter->second.helpText )
        {
            TM_AddHelpTextReturn(g_FM_Test_ID, (TM_STR)inputMap_Iter->first.c_str(), (TM_STR)inputMap_Iter->second.helpText);
        }
        switch( inputMap_Iter->second.type )
        {
        case FM_SETTING_TYPE_INTEGER:
            integerValue = reinterpret_cast<int *>(inputMap_Iter->second.value);
            TM_AddIntegerReturn(g_FM_Test_ID, (TM_STR)inputMap_Iter->first.c_str(), *integerValue);
            break;
        case FM_SETTING_TYPE_DOUBLE:
            doubleValue = reinterpret_cast<double *>(inputMap_Iter->second.value);
            TM_AddDoubleReturn(g_FM_Test_ID, (TM_STR)inputMap_Iter->first.c_str(), *doubleValue);
            break;
        case FM_SETTING_TYPE_STRING:
            stringValue = reinterpret_cast<char *>(inputMap_Iter->second.value);
            TM_AddStringReturn(g_FM_Test_ID, (TM_STR)inputMap_Iter->first.c_str(), stringValue);
            break;
        default:
            // Unknown type.  Ignore it.
            break;
        }
        inputMap_Iter++;
    }

    return err;
}

FM_TEST_API int  RespondToQueryReturn( map<string, FM_SETTING_STRUCT>& returnMap)
{
    int err = ERR_OK;

    map<string, FM_SETTING_STRUCT>::iterator returnMap_Iter;

    TM_ClearReturns(g_FM_Test_ID);
    returnMap_Iter = returnMap.begin();
    while( returnMap_Iter!=returnMap.end() )
    {
        if( NULL!=returnMap_Iter->second.unit )
        {
            TM_AddUnitReturn(g_FM_Test_ID, (TM_STR)returnMap_Iter->first.c_str(), (TM_STR)returnMap_Iter->second.unit);
        }
        if( NULL!=returnMap_Iter->second.helpText )
        {
            TM_AddHelpTextReturn(g_FM_Test_ID, (TM_STR)returnMap_Iter->first.c_str(), (TM_STR)returnMap_Iter->second.helpText);
        }
        switch( returnMap_Iter->second.type )
        {
        case FM_SETTING_TYPE_INTEGER:
            TM_AddIntegerReturn(g_FM_Test_ID, (TM_STR)returnMap_Iter->first.c_str(), 0);
            break;
        case FM_SETTING_TYPE_DOUBLE:
            TM_AddDoubleReturn(g_FM_Test_ID, (TM_STR)returnMap_Iter->first.c_str(), 0.0);
            break;
        case FM_SETTING_TYPE_STRING:
            TM_AddStringReturn(g_FM_Test_ID, (TM_STR)returnMap_Iter->first.c_str(), "");
            break;
        default:
            // Unknown type.  Ignore it.
            break;
        }
        returnMap_Iter++;
    }

    return err;
}

FM_TEST_API int  ReturnTestResults( map<string, FM_SETTING_STRUCT>& returnMap)
{
    int err = ERR_OK;

    map<string, FM_SETTING_STRUCT>::iterator returnMap_Iter;

    TM_ClearReturns(g_FM_Test_ID);
    returnMap_Iter = returnMap.begin();
    while( returnMap_Iter!=returnMap.end() )
    {
        if( NULL!=returnMap_Iter->second.unit )
        {
            TM_AddUnitReturn(g_FM_Test_ID, (TM_STR)returnMap_Iter->first.c_str(), (TM_STR)returnMap_Iter->second.unit);
        }
        if( NULL!=returnMap_Iter->second.helpText )
        {
            TM_AddHelpTextReturn(g_FM_Test_ID, (TM_STR)returnMap_Iter->first.c_str(), (TM_STR)returnMap_Iter->second.helpText);
        }

        if( returnMap_Iter->second.type==FM_SETTING_TYPE_INTEGER )
        {
            int *valueInteger = reinterpret_cast<int *>(returnMap_Iter->second.value);
            if ( (NA_INTEGER)!=(*valueInteger) )
            {
                err = TM_AddIntegerReturn(g_FM_Test_ID, (char*)returnMap_Iter->first.c_str(), *valueInteger);
                if (TM_ERR_OK!=err)
                {
                    // If TM_AddIntegerReturn fails, no need to continue
                    break;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                // do nothing
            }
        }
        else if(returnMap_Iter->second.type==FM_SETTING_TYPE_DOUBLE)
        {
            double *valueDouble = reinterpret_cast<double *>(returnMap_Iter->second.value);
            if ( (NA_DOUBLE)!=(*valueDouble) )
            {
                err = TM_AddDoubleReturn(g_FM_Test_ID, (char*)returnMap_Iter->first.c_str(), *valueDouble);
                if (TM_ERR_OK!=err)
                {
                    // If TM_AddDoubleReturn fails, no need to continue
                    break;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                // do nothing
            }
        }
        else    // returnMap_Iter->second.type==FM_SETTING_TYPE_STRING
        {
            char *valueString = reinterpret_cast<char *>(returnMap_Iter->second.value);
            err = TM_AddStringReturn(g_FM_Test_ID, (char*)returnMap_Iter->first.c_str(), valueString);
            if (TM_ERR_OK!=err)
            {
                // If TM_AddStringReturn fails, no need to continue
                break;
            }
        }
        returnMap_Iter++;
    }

    return err;
}

FM_TEST_API int  ClearReturnParameters( map<string, FM_SETTING_STRUCT>& returnMap)
{
    int err = ERR_OK;

    map<string, FM_SETTING_STRUCT>::iterator returnMap_Iter;

	// clear container
    TM_ClearReturns(g_FM_Test_ID);

    returnMap_Iter = returnMap.begin();
    while( returnMap_Iter!=returnMap.end() )
    {
        if( returnMap_Iter->second.type==FM_SETTING_TYPE_INTEGER )
        {
			int *valueInteger = reinterpret_cast<int *>(returnMap_Iter->second.value);
			*valueInteger = NA_INTEGER;
        }
        else if(returnMap_Iter->second.type==FM_SETTING_TYPE_DOUBLE)
        {
			double *valueDouble = reinterpret_cast<double *>(returnMap_Iter->second.value);
            *valueDouble = NA_DOUBLE;
        }
        else    // returnMap_Iter->second.type==FM_SETTING_TYPE_STRING
        {
			char *valueString = reinterpret_cast<char *>(returnMap_Iter->second.value);
			*valueString = '\0';

        }
        returnMap_Iter++;
    }

    return err;
}

FM_TEST_API int  ReturnErrorMessage(char *errParameter, const char *format, ...)
{
    int err = ERR_OK;

    // Log message format ... variable argument list
    va_list ap;
    va_start(ap, format);

    vsprintf_s(errParameter, MAX_BUFFER_SIZE, format, ap);
    err = TM_AddStringReturn(g_FM_Test_ID, "ERROR_MESSAGE", errParameter);

    va_end(ap);

    return err;
}

FM_TEST_API int  LogReturnMessage(char *errMsg, int sizeOfBuf, LOGGER_LEVEL level, const char *format, ...)
{
    int  err = ERR_OK;

	// Log message format ... variable argument list
	va_list ap;
	va_start(ap, format);
	vsprintf_s(errMsg, sizeOfBuf, format, ap);
	va_end(ap);

	// Write error message to log file
	if (g_Logger_ID>=0)
	{
		err = ::LOGGER_Write(g_Logger_ID, level, errMsg);
		// TODO: if possible, must do the error handling here
	}
	else
	{
		// do nothing
		err = -1;
		sprintf_s(errMsg, sizeOfBuf, "[FM] LogReturnMessage() return error, Logger_ID < 0.\n");
	}

    return err;
}

FM_TEST_API int  GetInputParameters( map<string, FM_SETTING_STRUCT>& inputMap)
{
    int     err = ERR_OK;
	char    stringParameter[MAX_BUFFER_SIZE] = {'\0'};

    map<string, FM_SETTING_STRUCT>::iterator inputMap_Iter;

    inputMap_Iter = inputMap.begin();
    while( inputMap_Iter!=inputMap.end() )
    {
		int strError = ERR_OK;
        switch( inputMap_Iter->second.type )
        {
        case FM_SETTING_TYPE_INTEGER:
            err += TM_GetIntegerParameter(g_FM_Test_ID, (TM_STR)inputMap_Iter->first.c_str(), (int*)inputMap_Iter->second.value);
            break;
        case FM_SETTING_TYPE_DOUBLE:
            err += TM_GetDoubleParameter(g_FM_Test_ID, (TM_STR)inputMap_Iter->first.c_str(), (double*)inputMap_Iter->second.value);
            break;
        case FM_SETTING_TYPE_STRING:
            stringParameter[0] = 0;
            strError = ::TM_GetStringParameter(g_FM_Test_ID, (TM_STR)inputMap_Iter->first.c_str(), stringParameter, MAX_BUFFER_SIZE);
			err += strError;
            if( ERR_OK==strError )
            {
				if (0!=stringParameter[0])	// got input string
				{
					strcpy_s((char*)inputMap_Iter->second.value, MAX_BUFFER_SIZE, stringParameter);
				}
				else	// got "NULL" input string
				{
					strcpy_s((char*)inputMap_Iter->second.value, MAX_BUFFER_SIZE, "");
				}
            }
			else
			{
				// Do nothing. Sometime, the Global_Setting's input parameters will get into this case.
			}
            break;
        default:
            // Unknown type.  Ignore it.
            break;
        }
        inputMap_Iter++;
    }

    return err;
}

FM_TEST_API int  FMSaveSigFile(char* fileName)
{
    int    err = ERR_OK;
	char   logMessage[MAX_BUFFER_SIZE] = {'\0'};
	char   logInfoMessage[MAX_BUFFER_SIZE] = {'\0'};

	if (1==g_FMGlobalSettingParam.VSA_SAVE_CAPTURE_ALWAYS)
	{
		LogReturnMessage(logMessage, MAX_BUFFER_SIZE, LOGGER_WARNING, "[FM] The VSA_SAVE_CAPTURE_ALWAYS is set to ON, it may slow down the test time.\n");
	}

	if ( (1==g_FMGlobalSettingParam.VSA_SAVE_CAPTURE_ON_FAILED)||(1==g_FMGlobalSettingParam.VSA_SAVE_CAPTURE_ALWAYS))
	{
		// Get system time
		SYSTEMTIME   sysTime;
		char c_time[MAX_BUFFER_SIZE], c_path[MAX_BUFFER_SIZE];

		::GetLocalTime(&sysTime);

		sprintf_s(c_time, "%d.%d.%d-%d.%d.%d.%d", sysTime.wYear, sysTime.wMonth, sysTime.wDay, sysTime.wHour, sysTime.wMinute, sysTime.wSecond, sysTime.wMilliseconds);
		sprintf_s(c_path, MAX_BUFFER_SIZE, ".\\log\\%s-%s.sig", fileName, c_time);

		err = ::LP_SaveVsaSignalFile(c_path);

		sprintf_s(logInfoMessage, "[FM] FMSaveSigFile(\"%s\") return OK.\n", c_path);

		LogReturnMessage(logMessage, MAX_BUFFER_SIZE, LOGGER_INFORMATION, logInfoMessage);
	}
	else
	{
		// do nothing...
	}

	return err;
}

FM_TEST_API int   SetTesterNumber(int testerNumber)
{
    g_Tester_Number = testerNumber;
    return ERR_OK;
}

FM_TEST_API int   GetTesterNumber(int *testerNumber)
{
    *testerNumber = g_Tester_Number;
    return ERR_OK;
}

FM_TEST_API int   SetTesterType(int testerType)
{
    g_Tester_Type = testerType;
    return ERR_OK;
}

FM_TEST_API int   GetTesterType(int *testerType)
{
    *testerType = g_Tester_Type;
    return ERR_OK;
}

FM_TEST_API int   SetTesterReconnect(int flag)
{
    g_Tester_Reconnect = flag;
    return ERR_OK;
}

FM_TEST_API int   GetTesterReconnect(int *flag)
{
    *flag = g_Tester_Reconnect;
    return ERR_OK;
}


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