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This Day in History: December 13
Today is Monday, Dec. 13, the 347th day of 2021. There are 18 days left in the year.
Today's Highlight in History:
On Dec. 13, 2000, Republican George W. Bush claimed the presidency a day after the U.S. Supreme Court shut down further recounts of disputed ballots in Florida; Democrat Al Gore conceded, delivering a call for national unity.
On this date:
In 1835, Phillips Brooks, the American Episcopal bishop who wrote the words to "O Little Town of Bethlehem," was born in Boston.
In 1928, George Gershwin's "An American in Paris" had its premiere at Carnegie Hall in New York.
In 1937, the Chinese city of Nanjing fell to Japanese forces during the Sino-Japanese War; what followed was a massacre of war prisoners, soldiers and citizens. (China maintains that up to 300,000 people were killed; Japanese nationalists say the death toll was far lower, and some maintain the massacre never happened.)
In 1978, the Philadelphia Mint began stamping the Susan B. Anthony dollar, which went into circulation the following July.
In 1981, authorities in Poland imposed martial law in a crackdown on the Solidarity labor movement. (Martial law formally ended in 1983.)
In 1993, the space shuttle Endeavour returned from its mission to repair the Hubble Space Telescope.
In 2001, the Pentagon publicly released a captured videotape of Osama bin Laden in which the al-Qaida leader said the deaths and destruction achieved by the September 11 attacks exceeded his "most optimistic" expectations.
In 2002, President George W. Bush announced he would take the smallpox vaccine along with U.S. military forces, but was not recommending the potentially risky inoculation for most Americans.
In 2003, Saddam Hussein was captured by U.S. forces while hiding in a hole under a farmhouse in Adwar, Iraq, near his hometown of Tikrit.
In 2007, Major League Baseball's Mitchell Report was released, identifying 85 names to differing degrees in connection with the alleged use of performance-enhancing drugs.
In 2014, thousands of protesters marched in New York, Washington and other U.S. cities to call attention to the killing of unarmed Black men by white police officers who faced no criminal charges.
In 2019, the House Judiciary Committee approved two articles of impeachment accusing President Donald Trump of abuse of power in his dealings with Ukraine and obstruction of Congress in the investigation that followed.
Ten years ago: Early sound recordings by Alexander Graham Bell that were packed away at the Smithsonian Institution for more than a century were played publicly for the first time using new technology that read the sound with light and a 3D camera. (In one recording, a man recites part of Hamlet's Soliloquy; on another, a voice recites the numbers 1 through 6.)
Five years ago: President-elect Donald Trump announced his choice of ExxonMobil CEO Rex Tillerson to be secretary of state. Actor Alan Thicke, best remembered as the beloved dad on the ABC series "Growing Pains," died in Los Angeles at age 69.
One year ago: The first vials of the Pfizer vaccine against COVID-19 began making their way to distribution sites across the United States. President Donald Trump said he was reversing an administration directive to vaccinate top government officials against COVID-19 while public distribution of the shot was limited to health care workers and people in nursing homes and long-term care facilities; hours earlier, the administration had confirmed that senior U.S. officials would be offered vaccines in the days ahead.
A woman, standing over a "Treason" poster, screams at Ernesto "Che" Guevara as the aide to Cuban Premier Fidel Castro arrives at a CBS-TV studio in New York on Dec. 13, 1964 to appear on a news interview program. Police held more than 150 demonstrators behind barricades during Guevara's arrival. (AP Photo)
More than 41,000 students and children took part in a sports festival entitled "Age of Revolution", held in the Monarbong Stadium at Pyongyang, North Korea on December 13, 1965. Consisting of a prologue, seven scenes and an epilogue, it drew high acclaim from the spectators for its callisthenic beauty and colorful, scenic display. In this scene children are depicted growing up in the comfort of a fatherland at peace. (AP Photo)
The Hungarian State Folk Dance ensemble is already tuning up for a guest tour of the United States and Canada beginning early in 1966. Wearing colorful traditional costumes, the ensemble is rehearsing a folk dance called "Vintage Time" by Farkas/Rabai on Dec. 13, 1965 in Hungary. None of the bottles were tumbled despite the fast, intricate steps of the dance and the swishing skirts of the ladies. (AP Photo)
New Yorkers by the thousands took to the streets on Dec. 13, 1970 as Fifth Avenue from 59th Street to 34th Street became a promenade with trams used as transportation. Scene is at 50th Street and Fifth Avenue. (AP Photo/Harry Harris)
Governor Jerry Brown of California, a candidate for the Democratic nomination for president and a foe of nuclear power, tours the control room of the disabled. Three Mile Island nuclear power plant near Middletown, Penn., Dec. 13, 1979. Brown was campaigning in the area when he decided to tour the plant. (AP Photo/Paul Vathis)
Singer Dolly Parton waves and talks to reporters outside the U.S. District Courthouse in Los Angeles, Friday, Dec. 13, 1985. She met with reporters on the steps of the courthouse to discuss a copyright suit that ha been filed against her. (AP Photo/Lennox McClendon)
Lt. Andy Milburn, second from left, directs his platoon after being the target of a sniper in Mogadishu, on Sunday, Dec. 13, 1992. Milburn from London, England, is with the 81st Mortar Platoon, 2nd Battalion, 29th Marines from Camp Pendleton, Ca. Up close, the Marines saw that to deliver food, they would have to pacify Somalia. Some of them wondered whether they had taken on more than they reckoned on. (AP Photo/Jerome Delay)
Reporters watch the departure of a Eurotunnel freight shuttle for a test ride during a presentation of the various shuttles scheduled to travel through the Channel Tunnel at Sangatte terminal near Calais, northern France, Dec. 13, 1993. Each freight shuttle will carry up to 28 trucks through the tunnel, while tourist shuttles will carry 120 passenger cars and 12 buses in single and double-deck wagons. (AP Photo/Remy de la Mauviniere)
American pop star Madonna performs "Fever" in her 1993 Girlie Show World Tour concert before 30,000 fans at the Tokyo Dome, Japan, Dec. 13, 1993. (AP Photo/Koji Sasahara)
A group of Chechen separatist fighters form ranks in central Grozny to take up defensive positions on the outskirts of the capital in afternoon, Tuesday, Dec. 13, 1994. Chechen President Dudayev declared a war for "life or death," defying Russia's bid to regain control over the breakaway republic. (AP Photo/Misha Japaridze)
Real estate developer Donald J. Trump, one of the judges of the essay contest called "Most Gripping Moment of My Life," speaks in New York's Central Park where the winner of the contest won a car, Dec. 13, 1999. (AP Photo/Ed Bailey)
Police car is parked beside a stolen black van discovered in front of 595 East 95th Street in Brooklyn, N.Y., Dec. 13, 1978, as forensics experts examine the vehicle, believed used in the Monday morning robbery at Kennedy Airport. Police suspect the van, reported stolen from Queens earlier this week, was used by thieves who escaped with more than $5 million in cash and jewels from a Kennedy Airport hangar. (AP Photo/Ken Murray)
Soldier boys at Fort Dix, N.J., learn something about guns during their working hours, as they show their girlfriends at a camp dance, Dec. 13, 1940. In front row, playing with the coin amusement gun, from left: Pvt. Tom D'Amato of West Orange; Rose Sinkewicz, behind gun site, of Trenton; Julia Ivans of Trenton, and Pvt. Vernon Landers of Kearney. Back row: Pvts. William Sargent and William Corlies of Philadelphia. (AP Photo)
President Truman inspects two turkeys as one spreads its wings and places a foot across the Chief executive's arm on the White House porch in Washington, D.C., Dec. 13, 1948. The turkeys were gifts for the president's Christmas dinner from the Poultry and Egg National Board and the National Turkey Federation. (AP Photo/William J. Smith)
The Earl of Carnarvon, son of the late archaeologist who opened the tomb of King Tutankhamen, is shown as he arrived in New York, Dec. 13, 1935. (AP Photo/John Lindsay)
The Taiwan-registered oil tanker "Energy Determination", seen ablaze and sinking off Coin Island in the Hormuz Straits on Thursday, Dec. 13, 1979. The cause of the fire was not known. The 320,000 ton tanker was empty and heading north when fire broke out around 0100 local time. Oman patrol boats responded to a distress call from the ship and rescued 37 crew members but one was still unaccounted for. (AP Photo)
Six American submarines and a submarine tender are tied up near Tiburon in San Francisco, California Bay December 13, 1930. Their work in the war finished. (AP Photo)
There is no doubt that this is George Herman Ruth, sultan of swat, despite the small sized cap that apparently belongs to the Japanese boy on his left. The Babe was photographed with this group of Japanese bat boys at the Koshien Stadium, Osaka, December 13, 1934, during his recent tour with a team of American baseball great. (AP Photo)
An Australian soldier in Egypt, with a towel over his head to keep off the scorching sun and driven, surveys his camp, Dec. 13, 1940 in Egypt. Although the climate is hot in the daytime, soldiers sleep under blankets for protection against the cold night. Australian troops have joined other British forces in the campaign against the Italian army in Egypt. (AP Photo)
As protection against possible Japanese air raids, sandbags are piled as high as the second story against the telephone company building in San Francisco, on December 13, 1941. (AP Photo/Jack Rice)
Mrs. Bennett Galer, left, housewife, is supervised by Mrs. Ray A. Wetzler of the American Women's Volunteer Service as she cleans inflammable materials from her closet, Dec. 13, 1941. Such materials should be removed from the house. (AP Photo/Robert Kradin)
Miss May Breen, national director for the American Women's Volunteer Service, shows Mrs. Alexander Kahan in New York Dec. 13, 1941 how to use the stirrup pump for putting out incendiary bombs while ladies of the A.W.V.S., and housewives pay close attention. The householder should keep the stirrup pump handy. By its proper use, an incendiary can be doused in approximately two minutes. (AP Photo/Robert Kradin)
Sammy Baugh, quarterback for the Washington Redskins, intercepts a pass from the Chicago Bears in his own end zone to break up a Bears scoring threat in the fourth quarter of NFL Playoff Championship game in Washington, D.C., Dec. 13, 1942. Chicago Bears tackle in background is Lee Artoe (35). (AP Photo)
The grave of an Axis soldier in the Western Desert is shadowed by the wreckage of a tank which bears a painted "E." The caption which accompanied the official British picture said the letter meant the tank had been "eliminated." EL Agheila and Marshal Rommel and his Axis Forces were fleeing westward, December 13, 1942. (AP Photo)
Looking at this picture of a man and a boat capsizing in a whirlpool, you might not guess that the ten-foot boat was tossed and overturned in a movie sound stage tank containing only 3 ½ feet of water. A small turbine dreamed up at Universal by Willis Cook's staff of special effects technicians for "Flesh and Fantasy" produced the whirlpool effect. Foamy water was supplied by air houses under the surface, while wind machines added surface disturbance on Dec. 13, 1943. Oh yes, the gentleman whose head, left arm and leg you see belongs to actor Alan Curtis. (AP Photo)
A typical freedom-loving Corsican who aided in driving out the Nazi invader shown Dec. 13, 1943. (AP Photo)
Infantrymen of the first army plod through the snow in Krinkelter woods in Belgium, Dec. 13, 1944 as they advance to contact the enemy during action. (AP Photo)
Belgian girls are engaged in the manufacture of thousands of snow capes for American first army soldiers fighting in Germany. These white capes serve as excellent camouflage, when fighting on snow covered sectors of the front. Under the supervision of PFC Nathaniel Jacobson, and stitch thousands of snow capes at this Belgian factory, Dec. 13, 1944. (AP Photo)
His Highness the Aga Khan led the prayers at Calcutta, India, where he spent a few days. When he is weighed in diamonds, the proceeds will be handed over to charity. An autographed study of the Aga Khan, seen with his wife the Begum, in Calcutta, India, on Dec. 13, 1945. (AP Photo)
The tall chimneys of the Ploiesti oil refineries are again belching black smoke. This time the result of labors of the oilmen and not allied airmen. The refineries were severely damaged in bombing raids in 1943 to stem the flow of valuable oils to the enemy. Many daring fliers lost their lives attempting to put out of action this greatest oil producing center in Romania. Much of the present production is being shipped to Russia as part of Romania's reparations payment to the Soviet Union. A section of the industrious Ploiesti oil refineries in Romania on Dec. 13, 1946. Blast walls, some badly scarred by bombing, were built around storage tanks (seen in foreground) as protection against raids. (AP Photo/Jim Pringle)
A view of one of the many oilfields at Ploiesti in the Carpathian foothills of Romania on Dec. 13, 1946. From the time that oil is "struck" it is not seen until after it has been processed at the refineries miles away. The oil is pumped through pipes from the fields to the refineries. (AP Photo/Jim Pringle)
Women, wearing sailor blouses, bloomers and long, black stockings, play basketball at Smith College in Northampton, Mass., Dec. 13, 1947. (AP Photo)
George Mikan, of the Minneapolis Lakers, polishes his name at the marquee at Madison Square Garden, in New York, on December 13, 1949. (AP Photo/Jacob Harris)
The Constitution of the United States is carried into the Archives Building in Washington, Dec. 13, 1952, after being moved from the Library of Congress. (AP Photo)
Harlem's 125th Street is shown lighted for the Christmas season from the New York Central RR station, in New York, Dec. 13, 1954. (AP Photo/Robert Wands)
Queen Elizabeth II chats with this pair of colonial students when she visited the British council's student hostel in London on Dec. 13, 1955, where 350 colonial men and women are students. The occasion of her visit was to help celebrate the 21st anniversary of the council. The two students, dressed in their colorful native garb are, Flanlayo Williams. 22, of Lagos, left, and Miss Remi Sekoni, of Ibadan, Nigeria. Others are unidentified. (AP Photo)
Jackie Robinson, Brooklyn Dodgers star since breaking into Major League baseball in 1947, is shown with his wife, Rachel, and their four-year-old son, Jackie Jr., in their home in Stamford, Conn., Dec. 13, 1956. Robinson, 37, holds a banner for the rival New York Giants baseball club to which he was traded for relief pitcher Dick Littlefield and $35,000 in cash. Robinson retired in January, voiding the trade. (AP Photo/John Lindsay)
The tentacle-like arms of "Mobot Mark II," a mobile robot built by Hughes Aircraft Company of Culver City, Calif., close in on Colleen Adams as it demonstrates its almost human actions on Dec. 13, 1960. The robot was designed to perform tasks in areas too dangerous for humans. The six foot arms are double-jointed at shoulder, elbow and wrist, and television camera "eyes" transmit images of the robot's perfomance to a human operator at a remote control console. (AP Photo)
This photo shows a scene from the Battle of Fredericksburg. The battle, which took place on Dec. 13-15, 1862, was a victory for the Confederate troops under Gen. Robert E. Lee. This photograph is the first taken of the American Army in combat. (AP Photo/ Mathew B. Brady)
Tiny Laura Lee Kimbrough of Atlanta, 3 months old, holds her very own Social Security card, Dec. 13, 1963. Laura was given stock by an aunt, and the law says any person owning stock must have a Social Security card. (AP Photo)
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and his wife Coretta Scott King, dance Dec. 13, 1964, at the Malmen Hotel in Stockholm where he was a guest of honor on the one year anniversary festivals for the Republic of Kenya. King is this year's Nobel Peace Prize winner. (AP Photo/Reportagebild)
Cuba's Ernesto "Che" Guevara makes an appearance on "Face the Nation" at CBS-TV studios in New York City, Dec. 13, 1964. Guevara makes a plea for better relations between Cuba and the United States. (AP Photo)
Journalist, author and film producer Oswalt Kolle is seen suspended in the air swinging on a rope as he waves to his show partner Ruth Gassman riding on a horse, at a show in the Circus Krone, in Munich, December 13, 1968. (AP Photo/Claus Hampel)
Actress Eartha Kitt, right, with Coretta King, wife of Dr.Martin Luther King on Dec. 13, 1977.(AP Photo)
Pope John Paul II talks with Mother Teresa, the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, after he celebrated a mass for her in his private chapel, December 13, 1980. (AP Photo)
Actor, director and producer Clint Eastwood is shown at a screening of his movie "Honkytonk Man" with Alexa Kenin, left, and son Kyle, both costars in the movie, and his daughter Alison, right, in Los Angeles, Ca., Dec. 13, 1982. (AP Photo/Reed Saxon)
Frank Billings Kellogg, the American diplomat, making a speech after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize in a ceremony at the Nobel Institute in Oslo, Norway around Dec. 13, 1930. The award commemorates his origination of the famous Kellogg Peace Pact, which was signed by European Nations and by America in Paris. (AP Photo)
In heeding the appeal to drivers to help relieve transport congestion by offering regular lifts to those going to London, this operator complied by carrying a full load, Dec. 13, 1940. Those giving such assistance receive extra petrol rations. (AP Photo)
Followed the reopening of the Burma Road, military lorries are seen rolling along the famous road from the vicinity of Chungking, the nationalist capital of China, back to the Burma border on Dec. 13, 1940, where they will load up once more with war supplies and return with them to Chungking. (AP Photo)
Corporal Earl Erickson, of Minneapolis, Minn., opens a box for this orphaned English girl named Julie, Dec. 13, 1942, as he tells her that members of a U.S. infantry regiment have contributed money for her care in response to an appeal of the War Orphan Fund. (AP Photo)
American soldiers, somewhere in England, Dec. 13, 1942, receive the assistance of U.S. nurses in decorating their Christmas tree. Ping-pong balls play a large part nowadays in this delicate operation with tinsel and other metallic decorations being in short supply. Note on the right the giant Christmas card to, The old folks at home. (AP Photo)
Pamela Offor develops a deep affection for this giant toy rabbit, one of the many toys that were sent to British children in London by the Belgians, Dec. 13, 1944. Belgium has offered to send £15,000 gift of toys for British children, and these marked the arrival of the first shipment. (AP Photo)
Hundreds of women from all parts of the country marched to the House of Commons on Dec. 13, 1944, to demand the building of four million homes in five years, low rents, speed up of bomb repair damage, compulsory land purchase and Government control of the building industry. The women gathered in Caxton Hall, Westminster for a meeting before the mass deputation marched to the House. Many mothers had their children with them. The deputation with their banners outside the House of Commons. (AP Photo)
A newly formed German fighting unit has been formed. Known as the amphibious assault troops, the unit is composed of crack swimmers, wearing web shaped boats, light skin-tight rubber suit, and carrying oxygen apparatus. The Germans claim that men of this unit have already had successful operations against the railway bridge of Moerdijk and Nimwegen, in the Netherlands. A claim is that they have blown up the main gate to Antwerp, Belgium, – the Kreuzschanz Sluice, by swimming through the waters of the Scheldt and placing explosive charges to the gates. Here a member of the new German unit approaches a target, at an unknown location, towing a charge of explosive on Dec. 13, 1944. The net over his face serves as camouflage. (AP Photo)
Wire fence girdling the German slave labor camp in France on Dec. 13, 1944 found in the Vosges mountains was a veritable web of death. It was charged with high-voltage current that killed on contact. In addition to the wire the S.S. Guards had savage dogs that were set upon prisoners who incurred their displeasure. (AP Photo)
First ship under Greek flag to carry supplies to Greece from the U.S. since the beginning of the war, the S.S. Constantinos H. is blessed at the pier in Boston on Dec. 13, 1945, by Rev. James Coucouzes (center), Greek Orthodox Cathedral, before leaving port for the Dodecanese Islands with a cargo of relief supplies. On left of Coucouzes is C.A. Triantaphyllakos, Greek consul in Boston. (AP Photo/Abe Fox)
A German film cameraman busy photographing the first animated cartoon to be turned out in Germany since the war, a fairy tale called "Caliph Stork" being produced by a Hamburg movie company, had a little fun by placing a cut-out of a pretty girl against one of the cartoon stills for this effect on Dec. 13, 1949. Germans call animated cartoons "trick movies" because the characters in them can do tricks that humans cannot. (AP Photo)
President Harry S. Truman looks every inch the proud papa as he clasps an arm around his daughter Margaret, right, at the Father and Daughter dinner at the National Press Club in Washington, Dec. 13, 1950. It was the first public appearance for the twosome since the president wrote threatening to beat up a Washington Post music critic for saying his daughter's voice was flat. At left is Drucie Snyder Horton, Margaret's friend and the daughter of Treasury Secretary John W. Snyder. (AP Photo/Herbert K. White)
Dr. Walter Mach of Munich, Germany, demonstrates on a model the use of a new health device he has developed, to apply high frequency electric impulses to the skin, Dec. 13, 1951. Dr. Mach bases his treatment on the theory that various points on the skin are related closely to certain organs. He maintains that he can treat organic complaints by applying electric rays from his new generator to these points on the skin. On top of the generator is a cathode ray oscillograph for controlling the electric impulses. The electrodes are held on the skin by strips of sticking plaster. (AP Photo/Heinrich Sanden Sr.)
Some 300 unmarried Buddhist nuns and monks paraded from a downtown temple in Seoul on Dec. 13, 1954, to South Korean President Syngman Rhee's mansion to ask his help in what they called a "reform movement" against their married counterparts. The nuns and monks marching towards Rhee's mansion. The Buddhist nuns and monks demonstrated in the street after being stopped by the police. (AP Photo/D.H Son)
Undeterred by tear gas bombs, students heave stones at British security police from the roof of a Nicosia school during riots in the capital city of Cyprus on Tuesday, Dec. 13, 1957. It was the fourth day of Island-wide demonstrations coinciding with the United Nations debate seeking a peaceful solution on the British-ruled Island, where Greek majorities and Turkish minorities are seeking union with their respective homelands. (AP Photo)
A British military policeman keeps a firm hold on a Greek Cypriote sympathizer after the youth's arrest for throwing stones at the security forces during demonstrations in Nicosia, Cyprus, on Monday, Dec. 13, 1957. Widespread disorder forces accompanied the 24-hours strike staged by inhabitants of the strife-town Mediterranean Island seeking the end of British rule and union with Greece. (AP Photo)
FILE – In this Dec. 13, 1961, file photo Caroline Kennedy wonders at the Christmas tree in the White House Blue Room before a party for White House employees given by her parents. First lady Jacqueline Kennedy began the tradition of a theme for White House Christmases when she chose to decorate the Blue Room tree with items evoking Tchaikovsky's "Nutcracker Suite." In the background are Caroline's aunt, Jean Kennedy Smith and cousin Stephen Smith, Jr. (AP Photo/Henry Burroughs, File)
An armored Polish army vehicle is stationed at an intersection of a Warsaw street, Poland, December 1981. On Dec. 13, 1981, Wojciech Jaruzelski declared martial law, crushing a 16-month Solidarity upheaval against communist repression. The government jailed 10,000 opposition activists. Dozens were killed in clashes with police during ensuing strikes and protests. (AP Photo)
People crowd at the entrance of the Solidarity headquarters in Warsaw, Poland, waiting for news about the imposed curfew, December 1981. On Dec. 13, 1981, Wojciech Jaruzelski declared martial law on crushing a 16-month Solidarity upheaval against communist repression. The government jailed 10,000 opposition activists. Dozens were killed in clashes with police during ensuing strikes and protests. (AP Photo)
Today's Birthdays: Actor-comedian Dick Van Dyke is 96. Country singer Buck White is 91. Music/film producer Lou Adler is 88. Singer John Davidson is 80. Actor Kathy Garver (TV: "Family Affair") is 76. Singer Ted Nugent is 73. Rock musician Jeff "Skunk" Baxter is 73. Actor Robert Lindsay is 72. Country singer-musician Randy Owen is 72. Actor Wendie Malick is 71. U.S. Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack is 71. Former Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke is 68. Country singer John Anderson is 67. Singer-songwriter Steve Forbert is 67. Singer-actor Morris Day is 65. Actor Steve Buscemi is 64. Actor Johnny Whitaker (TV: "Family Affair") is 62. Rock musician John Munson (Semisonic; Twilight Hours) is 59. Actor-reality TV star NeNe Leakes is 55. Actor-comedian Jamie Foxx is 54. Actor Lusia Strus is 54. Actor Bart Johnson is 51. Actor Jeffrey Pierce is 50. TV personality Debbie Matenopoulos is 47. Rock singer-musician Thomas Delonge is 46. Actor James Kyson Lee is 46. Actor Kimee Balmilero (TV: "Hawaii Five-0") is 42. Actor Chelsea Hertford is 40. Rock singer Amy Lee (Evanescence) is 40. Actor Michael Socha is 34. Actor Marcel Spears (TV: "The Mayor") is 33. Singer Taylor Swift is 32. Actor Maisy Stella is 18.


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Telangana State Medical Services and Infrastructure Development Corporation (TSMSIDC) has floated an e-tender for the construction of community health center building at Khillaghanpur in dist. Mahaboobnagar. Estimated tender value is Rs.3.44 crore and the period of work is eighteen months. The last date for tender submission is Feb 19 2016.
Contact: Chief Engineer, TSMSIDC, 2nd Floor, DM&HS Campus, Koti, Sultan Bazar, Hyderabad.Tel: 040-24619096.


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SATURN Signs With Rise Above Records
Friday, 6th June 2014 By Dead Rhetoric
Rise Above Records has signed Swedish classic metal masters SATURN. The label plans to release the band's debut album, Ascending, in July.
SATURN is the sound of the past, present and future colliding in a shower of riffs, melodies and otherworldly magic. "When we started we were just a couple of guys trying to have fun," says guitarist Robin Tidebrink. "It took a while before we started to write songs and began to take it more seriously. We're still having fun and do what we love the most, but it's just nice that people seem to be appreciating it."
Drawn from a steady diet of Black Sabbath, UFO, Budgie, Deep Purple, Rainbow and, perhaps most importantly, the Judas Priest of Sad Wings Of Destiny and Sin After Sin, the SATURN sound is one that declares a sincere and unapologetic debt to the greats of a bygone era, but this is no lazy exercise in retro posturing. Instead, Ascending conjures its own distinctive world of epic grandeur and gritty oomph via the dextrous weaving of ageless, hallowed ingredients and a jolting injection of contemporary exuberance and verve. Songs like "Rokktori" and "Tower Of Terror" exude both a deep affinity with the blues and an intuitive grasp of what occurred when metal's original blueprint mutated into the tougher tirades of NWOBHM.
"We're trying to not copy anything but of course we're influenced by the music that we love," states Robin. "It's as simple as trying to create music that we would like to listen to ourselves. We are keeping it true and simple. Don't make things harder just for the sake of it! If a track that we're satisfied with just clocks in at two minutes, we keep it that way. We don't have any rules or any templates to adhere to. We recorded everything except vocals live at the same time, so what you hear is what you get on a live show. If people love guitar and bass-driven heavy metal from the '70s and mix it with blues and thrash, they are going to love what we do. Be prepared for heavy metal, blues rock and many great guitar riffs along with unique vocals!"
From the fiery clatter of opener "So, You Have Chosen Death", through to astral mystery tour of the closing "Moonstone", Ascending is an album that oozes a sense of timeless wonderment, as purity of intent and a fizzing, forceful delivery combine amid a batch of songs that revel in their mastery of hooks, grooves and hypnotic power.
"The lyrics try to capture some experiences in our lives and thoughts around the big questions like religion, politics and love," vocalist Oscar Bo Valentine Pehrson explains."Since the music is always written before the lyrics we try to capture the feeling of the song with a good title and then we mix a little bit of truth with a little bit of imagination and hopefully some lyrics will emerge!"
"It would be really awesome to get out on tour, perhaps as a starter act for another band," Robin humbly notes. "We're currently writing songs for album number two, so that's in the loop. Our ambitions are just to have this band as a job and to tour the world with our music. That would be fucking awesome."
Saturn – Unaltered Universe
Saturn – Beyond Spectra (Rise Above Records)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


After a five-year wait, singer Tarrus Riley is ready to release his next compilation. His last album was Love Situations in 2014 The album, which has yet to be titled, is slated for release early next year, and he stated that it will see him exploring some new musical styles. "As son as unu done say 'happy new year' and pop unu champagne and bun unu spliff and ready to listen to some music, me have the album. It's ready now, we just detailing out some things," he said. "The core never change, the message never changes, but definitely the expressions will change. If you hear Guess Who, it's a different kind of style, I don't give you that style ever. A man wah know if a rap me a rap or what. But a just high-energy music to be expected," he said of the new project. Guess Who is the first single to be released from the new project. It sees the artiste sampling Mykal Rose's hit single, Guess who's coming to dinner, with a modern spin. Speaking about the single as well as what listener's can expect from his new album, Riley revealed that over the years, he has tried different styles because he wants his music to reach people all over the globe. He explained that as an artist, he understands that people have different tastes in music and he wants his music to resonate with as many persons as possible. "The vibe you will get from this album is the same vibe that you get in the concert. Over the years, I've been doing different styles in music because I want all the ears in the world and yuh have whole heap a different people. Some people love songs, some people love culture songs. some people love slow songs, some people love fast songs different people like different things," he ended. He added, "I think the man that does one thing can only do one thing, but I think a man that can do more than one thing should just express himself and do whole heap a different vibe." Speaking of a different vibe, Riley revealed that there are a number of features that help him achieve his goal of delivering an album with a 'different sound'. He was, however, tight-lipped on what those features are, stating that people will just have to just wait. "There are features but I'm keeping that a surprise," he said. "Yuh can't let out everything inna one go, certain likkle things you affi leave unknown.


These are not my words. They are his. If you ever want to feel like a loser mom, try having your seven-year-old son cry hysterically in Target because he thinks he's lazy.
The conversation went a little something like this.
Nicholas: It's only three dollars. Why can't I get it?
Me: Because you don't have three dollars.
Nicholas: Why does Sophie get to get a toy?
Me: Because Sophie has worked really hard and earned the money to buy a toy.
Nicholas: (tears welling in his chocolate brown eyes) I'll never have any money.
Me: Sure you will. You just have to do some chores and you can earn some money just like Sophie.
Nicholas: But I can't do that.
Nicholas: (full-on crying now) Because I can't.
Me: Yes, you can. You are smart and capable. You can earn money.
Nicholas: (still clutching the $3 toy) No I'm not. I try to do chores, but I can't.
Nicholas: I mean… (sniffle)…I start to do chores, but then I always end up lying on the couch.
Me: Why do you do that?
Nicholas: (hugging the $3 toy tightly to his skinny little chest) Because I think I want to do chores, but then when I do them, I figure out that I don't like it. So I lay on the couch.
Me: I don't like chores either. Most people don't—except maybe your other mom. But it feels really good to earn your own money. Wouldn't you like to earn the money to buy you a toy like Sophie?
Nicholas: Yeah, but I can't.
Nicholas: No, I can't. (dramatic sigh) I'm just lazy.
Me: (stifling a giggle) You're not lazy, Nicky.
Nicholas: Yes I am. I just lay around all the time doing nothing. I play video games and nothing else.
Me: (treading carefully so as not to destroy my child's fragile ego) There's nothing wrong with playing video games…you enjoy video games. That's okay. But it's important to work, too. You can work AND play.
Nicholas: But I'm lazy. I'll always be lazy.
Me: I don't believe that.
Me: You're not lazy. I don't want to hear you saying that. You are a smart, capable boy.
Nicholas: No, I'm not. (pause for dramatic flair) I'm just a lazy bum.
I have to say that it bothered me a tad that my son thinks he is a lazy bum. In all honesty, his flair for the dramatic is a bit overdeveloped. AND he really wanted that toy and was probably pulling out all stops when it came to "playing" mommy…but still. No one wants to hear her child belittle himself in the toy aisle at Target. Target is a place for coffee and casual strolls and smiles and love and laughter and unabashed joy. Am I right?
So I had an ingenious idea. I would "help" Nicholas reach his chore-completely potential. I turned to that most sacred of all mommy tools—the chart. I have to say that I was pretty damn proud of the results. I created a magnetic chore chart that had a column for each of my three children to track the chores they completed in a week. Next to the chore chart on the wall hung a baggie full of magnets. Each magnet listed a chore and a dollar amount. The child could choose what chores they wanted to complete based on how much money they would like to earn. Once completed, they would place the magnet on the board in their column. At the end of the week, we would tally the amount they had earned and that would be their allowance. On average, the chart would allow the kids to earn about $5 a week in allowance. That seemed perfectly reasonable to me for two seven-year-olds and a ten-year-old.
Freakin' genius, am I right?
Or so I thought. I did not, however, take into account the fact that my daughter is a workhorse and my sons tend toward gross under-achievement. Their desire for money is trumped only by their desire to sprawl on the couch and do a whole lot of absolutely nothing.
Perhaps my son was right, after all? Maybe his declaration of his laziness was a truly insightful comment rather than a thinly-veiled ploy to guilt momma into buying him a tiny plastic Angry Birds figurine that would only enhance the hoarder-esque vibe of his bedroom. Maybe Nicholas is lazy.
I should maybe work on that, huh?
The post My Son is Lazy appeared first on The Next Family.


Upload your SHP data (widely used in software like ESRI ArcGIS and ArcView) and convert them by one click to MIF (MapInfo, MID, TAB) format (widely used in software like MapInfo Profesional).
Our online converter of ESRI Shapefile format to MapInfo File format (SHP to MIF) is fast and easy to use tool for both individual and batch conversions. Converter also supports more than 90 others vector and rasters GIS/CAD formats and more than 3 000 coordinate reference systems. If the coordinate system of your input data is not present or not recognized correctly, it is posible to assign the correct one. Then it is possible to transform your data to any other coordinate reference system.


I'm Elizabeth Finto, and I'm currently a senior at the University of Mary Washington. I am from Richmond, Virginia and I've lived there all my life.
I hope that my website can be a place that can be fun and also an inspiration to others!


text:
Loans to and from Directors and Connected Persons
Posted on 11/07/2016 30/10/2019 by J.W. O'Donovan
The Companies Act 2014 (the "Act") retains the restrictions in place under the previous companies legislation regarding loans to directors and persons connected with directors and introduces a new concept of presumptions about undocumented loans to or from directors and persons connected with directors. Care should be taken:
To ensure that where a company advances a loan to, or gives security for a loan to one of its directors, or to a person connected with one of its directors, that the arrangement complies with the provisions of the Act; and
To document all loans to or from directors and persons connected with directors are properly documented, so that the presumptions against the director or person connects with the director do not apply.
General prohibition on loans by companies to directors or connected persons
The general rule of the Act with regards to loans, quasi-loans, credit transactions and the provision of security for loans in favour of directors of a company or of its holding company or persons connected to such directors, is that such transactions are prohibited except under the following circumstances:
the value of the arrangement is less than 10% of the company's relevant assets;
the relevant Summary Approval Procedure with regard to permitting loans to directors is followed;
the arrangement is with a group company (i.e. holding company, subsidiary or sister company);
the arrangement is where the company enters into the transaction in the ordinary course of business and the value of the transaction is not greater than that which the company would offer to an ordinary person, taking out the same loan.
Any transaction which breaches the prohibition is voidable at the instance of the Company.
Presumptions regarding loans between directors or connected persons and a company or its holding company
The Act introduces certain presumptions regarding loans to or by directors or connected persons. The presumptions are given effect during relevant proceedings i.e. civil proceedings in which it is claimed a loan has been made.
Loans made by directors or connected persons to a company or holding company:
The Act provides that if it is claimed that a director of the company or the company's holding company (or a person connected with a director) has entered an arrangement that constitutes a loan to that company or its holding company, and the terms of the transaction either:
are not in writing, or
are in writing, or partially in writing, but are ambiguous as to whether the transaction or arrangement constitutes a loan or not,
then it shall be presumed, until the contrary is proved that the arrangement does not constitute a loan to the company or its holding company. The Act does not specify what the arrangement is if it is not a loan. It is thought however that the arrangement would be treated as a gift or a capital contribution to the company. This could have unforeseen tax implications for the director in question.
Where it is proved that the transaction does in fact constitute a loan but the terms as to interest or security are ambiguous then, depending on which terms are ambiguous:
the loan is deemed to bear no interest;
the loan is presumed to not be secured; or
where it is proved to be secured but the terms are ambiguous with regards to its priority, then it is deemed to be subordinate to all other debts of the company.
Loans by a company or holding company to its directors or connected persons:
The Act provides that if a company has made a loan to a director of the company, a director of its holding company or a person connected with such director that:
the terms of the loan are not in writing; or
the terms of the loan are in writing but are ambiguous as to the time at which, or the circumstances under which, the loan is repayable or whether, or the extent to which, the loan bears interest,
then it is presumed in favour of the company, until it is proved to the contrary, that the loan is repayable on demand that until such time as the loan is repaid, it has borne interest at the appropriate rate (5% per annum or such other rate as is set by the Minister).
John Fuller, Partner | jfuller@jwod.ie


Why she's on the team: Kentucky's Miss Basketball winner, Wheeler led the state in scoring (29.6 ppg) and helped the Lions go 28-5 and reach the Sweet 16. She pitched in 6.7 rebounds and 4.2 assists per game and shot 34.4 percent (98 of 285) from 3-point range and 83.1 percent (251 of 302) from the free-throw line. Wheeler played her first varsity game as a sixth-grader and finished her career with 3,621 points, ranking sixth in state history.
Why she's on the team: Schwartz averaged 19.2 points and 7.6 rebounds for a Raiders team that finished 33-5 and won the program's first state championship. She shot 49.5 percent (260 of 525) from the field, 35.7 percent (51 of 143) from 3-point range and 83.6 percent (158 of 189) from the free-throw line. She finished her career as the program's all-time leader in points (2,112) and rebounds (1,011) and was named the Co-Ninth Region Player of the Year by the Kentucky Association of Basketball Coaches.
Why she's on the team: Owens averaged 19.7 points and 4.7 rebounds for a Cardinals team that finished 34-2 after reaching the quarterfinals of the Sweet 16. She was one of the state's top 3-point shooters, hitting 41.1 percent (120 of 292). Owens played as an eighth-grader at Scott County and as a freshman at George Rogers Clark before transferring back to Scott County for her final three seasons. She finished with 2,225 career points. She was named the 11th Region Player of the Year by the Kentucky Association of Basketball Coaches. Owens has a 4.0 grade-point average and won the 2019 Donna Murphy Award, a statewide honor that recognizes athletic and academic performance.
Why she's on the team: Averaged 18.5 points and 7.4 rebounds for a Patriots squad that finished 24-7 and reached the 12th Region semifinals. King also was one of the state's top free-throw shooters at 84 percent (100 of 119). She played her first varsity minutes as a seventh-grader and finished as the school's all-time leading scorer with 2,545 points. King was named the 12th Region Player of the Year by the Kentucky Association of Basketball Coaches.
Why she's on the team: Averaged 15.1 points and 7.2 rebounds for a Raiders squad that finished 33-5 and won the program's first state championship, earning Sweet 16 MVP honors along the way. She shot 45.9 percent (216 of 471) from the field, 37.1 percent (43 of 116) from 3-point range and 79 percent (98 of 124) from the free-throw line and was named the Gatorade Kentucky Player of the Year. A member of the varsity squad since she was a seventh-grader, Scherr already has career totals of 1,834 points, 867 rebounds, 502 assists and 446 steals and is considered by many to be the front-runner for next season's Kentucky Miss Basketball award. HoopGurlz ranks her as the No. 25 recruit in the nation in the Class of 2020.
Why she's on the team: A dominant paint presence, Blackford averaged 19.3 points and 10.9 rebounds and shot 48.5 percent (232 of 478) from the field in helping the Crimsons go 21-10 and reach the Seventh Region final. Blackford played in four regional finals and two state tournaments and finished her career with 1,499 points and 939 rebounds. She was named the Seventh Region Player of the Year by the Courier Journal and the Kentucky Association of Basketball Coaches.
Why she's on the team: Fiery competitor averaged 14.1 points and 2.3 rebounds for a Cardinals team that finished 25-11 and reached the quarterfinals of the state tournament. She also was the team's top 3-point shooter at 45.4 percent (54 of 119). Igo, who started her career at Montgomery County, scored her 2,000th career point during the season and was named 10th Region Player of the Year by the region's coaches association. She was selected to the Kentucky Junior All-Star squad.
Why she's on the team: Turner averaged 25.9 points and 8.0 rebounds for an Admirals squad that went 24-7 and reached the 12th Region semifinals. She shot 51.1 percent (267 of 522) from the field and 74.6 percent (232 of 311) from the free-throw line. Turner joined the varsity team as an eighth-grader and finished with a school-record 2,505 career points. She scored 40 or more points three times this season, including a career-high 46 against Lincoln County. She was voted Co-12th Region Player of the Year by the region's coaches association.
Why she's on the team: Harrison was the top scorer (15.4 ppg) and rebounder (5.4 rpg) for a Cardinals team that finished 25-11 and reached the quarterfinals of the state tournament. Harrison, who started her career at East Jessamine, finished her career with more than 1,600 points and helped GRC reach the Sweet 16 three years in a row. She was selected to play in the Ohio-Kentucky All-Star Game.
Why she's on the team: Averaged 20.9 points, 7.1 assists and 3.8 rebounds for a Cardinals team that finished 2608 and reached the 13th Region semifinals. She shot 47.9 percent (229 of 478) from the field, 40.6 percent (63 of 155) from 3-point range and 81.2 percent (169 of 208) from the free-throw line. A varsity player since the seventh grade, Collett already is the program's all-time leading scorer with 2,183 career points and still has one more season to play.


Man did I completely fall apart today. My legs were completely dead. I hate when I start out for a run and my legs die. When this does happen, I am usually a couple of miles away from home and the weather is terrible.
Today it was 29 degrees and I was underdressed to be walking home. Fortunately, I was only about .75 miles from home when I started to walk. I just couldn't run as there was not one muscle fiber left with the strength to do so. I knew it was time to call it a day when an fat woman power walking passed me. It was quite discouraging and I was freezing cold at this point.


Carl Long picked up the 4th last-place finish of his NASCAR Camping World Truck Series career in Saturday's Nashville 200 at the Nashville Superspeedway when his unsponsored #95 Team Gill Racing Dodge fell out with overheating problems after completing 1 of the race's 200 laps.
Long entered the race as one of two post-entries, the other being Mike Harmon's #24, when the Nashville race was short on competitors. The addition of Long and Harmon still kept the field at just 35 trucks, creating the first short field for a Truck race since last fall's 35-truck race at Las Vegas.
Long qualified 24th at a speed of 148.299 mph, ranking him 4th among the trucks not locked-into the field based on Owner Points. On race night, he pulled behind the wall three laps before Johanna Long crashed out of her Truck Series debut for the first caution of the night. LASTCAR Truck Series leader Mike Garvey fell out after eight laps while Harmon's post-entry called it a night after 14 laps.
*Long now joins LASTCAR leader Mike Garvey as the only two drivers to score more than one last-place finish in the Truck Series this season.
*Long is the second driver to finish last in consecutive races this season: Mike Garvey was last in this season's races at Charlotte and Texas.
*The #95 had never before finished last in a Truck race at Nashville Superspeedway.
*The two 2010 races at Nashville were the first ones where Dodge finished last: G.R. Smith's #50 MAKE Motorsports / Ronald McDonald House Dodge was last in the back in April.


text:
The eleven-year switch of peptide aptamers
Pierre Colas1
Peptide aptamers are combinatorial recognition proteins that were introduced more than ten years ago. They have since found many applications in fundamental and therapeutic research, including their recent use in microarrays to detect individual proteins from complex mixtures.
Peptide aptamers are artificial recognition molecules that consist of a variable peptide sequence inserted into a constant scaffold protein [1]. The features that distinguish peptide aptamers from other classes of constrained combinatorial proteins (such as antibodies, antibody fragments and other non-antibody scaffold-based molecules) include their small size, their simple design and their disulfide-independent folding; the latter enables them to function inside living cells, unlike antibodies (Figure 1).
Comparison between different constrained combinatorial recognition proteins, showing their approximate size and complexity (not to scale). IgG, immunoglobulin G; scFv, single-chain Fv antibody fragment.
Peptide aptamers have been selected, using yeast two-hybrid methods, to bind to a wide range of cellular, viral and bacterial target proteins involved in a variety of regulatory pathways [2]. In most cases they have a high binding specificity, enabling them to discriminate between different closely related proteins within a functional family, or even between different allelic variants of a given protein [3]. In all cases, some of the aptamers tested have been shown to inhibit the function of their cognate targets and to cause phenotypes in the experimental models in which they were expressed. The use of peptide aptamers has thus enabled the dissection of molecular regulatory pathways by specifically probing protein functions, or sometimes even protein interactions.
The excellent recognition specificity and high binding affinity typical of peptide aptamers have suggested that they could be used in the many protein detection methods for which antibodies are currently used. The work by Wälti and colleagues published in this issue of Journal of Biology [4] turns this possibility into reality, by establishing that peptide aptamers can be immobilized on microarrays, which can then be used to detect and quantify proteins from complex solutions.
At least three important challenges must be overcome in order to generate microarrays that enable protein analysis at a proteomic scale. Wälti and colleagues [4] offer convincing solutions to each of them. A first challenge is to obtain collections of binding reagents that can specifically recognize proteins (and ideally the many isoforms generated by differential splicing and post-translational modifications) and also whose properties, such as stability and target binding, are homogeneous when arrayed on solid surfaces. In contrast to antibodies, which tend to be fragile, the simple design of peptide aptamers confers a greater robustness and probably enhances long-term stability. Moreover, peptide aptamers have relatively homogeneous target binding affinities [5], which is useful in protein detection as comparable protein levels generate comparable detection signals. The authors [4] used a new aptamer scaffold (STM, derived from stefin A, an intracellular inhibitor of cathepsins) instead of thioredoxin A, which has been the scaffold used most in other peptide aptamer applications. The STM scaffold has been engineered to abolish all its interactions with human proteins [6]; this feature should provide a better signal-to-noise ratio in protein detection.
A second challenge is to produce high-density arrays without compromising the sensitivity and specificity of protein detection. Wälti and colleagues [4] used a masking/unmasking procedure in which closely spaced gold electrodes were 'functionalized' by the attachment of specific aptamers; the electrodes were more than an order of magnitude smaller than the feature size currently used in protein arrays. These arrays are produced using conventional silicon manufacturing technology, which means that aptamer arraying could reach the nanometer scale in the future.
A third challenge is to develop very sensitive protein detection methods that do not compromise the structures of the proteins to be detected and that allow high-density multiplex binding measurements. The authors [4] opted for a label-free, electrochemical method that monitors local variations in the impedance of the electrochemical layer above the surface of the gold electrode. Capture of protein molecules by an aptamer-functionalized electrode perturbs the electrical properties of the layer and thus its impedance, as measured by applying an electrochemical potential to the electrode (Figure 2).
An electrochemical protein detection method using a peptide aptamer microarray [4]. A sample containing five different proteins is shown on the left, and an array of 12 different peptide aptamers is shown on the right (not to scale). Large gray spheres represent the aptamer scaffold protein; small colored spheres represent the aptamer variable regions, which confer binding specificity to cognate target proteins; and large colored shapes represent the cognate target proteins of the aptamers with matching colors. Protein detection is illustrated only for the first row of peptide aptamers. The binding of a protein to its cognate peptide aptamer perturbs the electrochemical properties of the layer above the electrode, which alters the impedance and its phase, as measured by applying an electrical signal of varying frequency to each electrode. An alteration in impedance is proportional to the amount of captured protein.
Using this method, Wälti and colleagues [4] show that an array of ten peptide aptamers can detect target proteins from complex mixtures, at a sensitivity that is relevant to that required to study clinical samples, and with a linear dynamic range that covers more than three orders of magnitude.
This work opens the way to an important extension of the therapeutic research applications of peptide aptamers, which are already used throughout the multi-step process of drug discovery (Figure 3) [1]. The inadequate validation of therapeutic targets is widely recognized as a major cause of high attrition rates and productivity decrease in drug discovery. The ability of peptide aptamers to selectively target and modulate the function of intracellular proteins makes them valuable tools for target validation, as they introduce perturbations that differ from those caused by gene knockout or knockdown methods [7] and that are arguably much more similar to perturbations caused by a small-molecule drug.
Fundamental and therapeutic research applications of peptide aptamers. The advances shown in the middle column can be used for the applications shown in fundamental (left) and therapeutic (right) research. Y2H, yeast two-hybrid.
The mode of action of bioactive peptide aptamers has been explored in several studies. In most cases, aptamers have been shown to inhibit protein-protein interactions [3, 7–9]. Some aptamers are selected for their ability to bind to transcription factors and have also been shown to inhibit protein-DNA interactions, either by masking the DNA-binding domain [10] or by inhibiting a protein interaction required for DNA binding [10, 11]. Recently, however, an alternative mode of inhibition has been described for peptide aptamers selected against the hepatitis B virus core protein and the human papillomavirus E6 oncoprotein [12]. In both cases, fusion proteins comprising a histidine tag, an aptamer and the herpes simplex virus VP22 protein (which has been shown to improve gene transfer by spreading from a primary transfected cell to surrounding cells) were found to sequester their cognate targets into perinuclear inclusion bodies called aggresomes, thus depleting the pool of soluble target proteins from the cells. This sequestration phenomenon will probably be observed less frequently when 'naked' peptide aptamers are expressed. Finally, some peptide aptamers have been shown to activate rather than inhibit the function of their cognate target proteins, thus confirming that aptamer-induced perturbations are more similar to those caused by small molecules than to those caused by reverse genetics methods [13, 14].
Beyond the validation of target candidates, phenotypic selection of peptide aptamers can be a powerful approach for the identification of new therapeutic targets. Peptide aptamers have been isolated for their ability to confer phenotypes on yeast [15–17], bacteria [18] and human [14] cells. Some of these isolated aptamers have been used as baits to perform yeast two-hybrid screening of genomic or cDNA libraries and to identify their cognate targets. These interrogations of biological pathways have revealed new functions for open reading frames and proteins or have linked them to pathways in which they were previously not known to be involved.
Peptide aptamers can also have a direct impact on the discovery of new therapeutic molecules in two different ways. First, it is conceivable that peptide aptamers could themselves be used as biotherapeutics. Peptide aptamers selected for their ability to bind to the intracellular domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor and to the transcription factor Stat3 were fused to a polyarginine protein transduction domain (PTD), produced in Escherichia coli, and shown to inhibit the growth of tumor cells in vitro [10, 19]. More recently, peptide aptamers directed against the prion-related protein PrpC were produced in E. coli without a PTD, added to prion-infected neuroblastoma cells, and shown to reduce formation of the pathogenic prion isoform PrpSc [20]. Lengthy preclinical studies will be needed to determine whether peptide aptamers are likely to become biotherapeutic molecules, but this exciting prospect is worth the effort.
Peptide aptamers are also used to guide the discovery of small-molecule drugs targeting specific, alternative molecular surfaces on protein targets. A straightforward approach aimed at mapping aptamer-binding sites on target proteins has been developed [1]. When available, this structural information brings a whole new dimension to target validation, because what is validated is a specific molecular surface on a target protein [1]. When this surface is deemed 'druggable' (accessible to drug-like small molecules), the cognate peptide aptamer can be used like a 'cross-hair' in a high-throughput screening assay to identify small molecules that disrupt the target-aptamer interaction. This displacement assay rests on the premise that a peptide aptamer and a small molecule that bind to the same molecular surface on a target protein probably trigger the same biological effects. A duplex high-throughput yeast two-hybrid assay has been developed and is now being used against various target proteins [1, 21].
Analytical protein microarrays will probably have a significant impact on many areas of fundamental and therapeutic research [22] (Figure 3). The robustness and the homogeneous behavior of peptide aptamers conferred by their simple design should greatly facilitate the development and use of peptide-aptamer-based microarrays, which will offer a valuable alternative to antibody and antibody-fragment microarrays. However, two important problems will need to be addressed to scale peptide-aptamer-based microarrays up to a level at which they will deliver all their benefits. First, the coupling method used by Wälti and colleagues [4] must be improved in order to produce high-complexity arrays rapidly. Second, high-throughput peptide aptamer selection must be made possible. Recent improvements in the yeast two-hybrid selection of peptide aptamers [23] combined with the use of automated procedures [24] will help achieve a higher selection throughput, but the use of in vitro selection methods such as the bacterial flagellum display system [25] will probably be required to assemble proteome-scale collections of peptide aptamers.
Astronomers teach us that one of the most conspicuous phenomena on the surface of the sun is the appearance and disappearance of dark, irregularly shaped areas caused by violent eruptions; these are known as sunspots. Although sunspots can occur unexpectedly, a regular cycle of sunspot activity has been observed, with both a minimum and maximum level occurring approximately every 11 years. Around 11 years ago, a significant eruption occurred in the field of combinatorial biology with the first publication describing the selection of peptide aptamers by a yeast two-hybrid method [5]. Over the past ten years, as the technology has matured and found various applications, a number of subsequent eruptions have occurred. A recent series of exciting reports exploring modes of action of peptide aptamers [7, 12, 14, 20] and describing new technology developments and applications [1, 4, 21, 23] marks an intense period of activity. With the latest remarkable eruption reported in this issue of Journal of Biology [4], we are now undoubtedly witnessing the 11-year switch of peptide aptamers.
Baines IC, Colas P: Peptide aptamers as guides for small molecule drug discovery. Drug Discov Today. 2006, 11: 334-341. 10.1016/j.drudis.2006.02.007.
Hoppe-Seyler F, Crnkovic-Mertens I, Tomai E, Butz K: Peptide aptamers: specific inhibitors of protein function. Curr Mol Med. 2004, 4: 529-538. 10.2174/1566524043360519.
Xu CW, Luo Z: Inactivation of Ras function by allele-specific peptide aptamers. Oncogene. 2002, 21: 5753-5757. 10.1038/sj.onc.1205680.
Evans D, Johnson S, Laurenson S, Giles Davies A, Ko Ferrigno P, Wälti C: Electrical protein detection in cell lysates using high-density peptide aptamer microarrays. J Biol. 2008, 7: 3-10.1186/jbiol62.
Woodman R, Yeh JT, Laurenson S, Ferrigno PK: Design and validation of a neutral protein scaffold for the presentation of peptide aptamers. J Mol Biol. 2005, 352: 1118-1133. 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.08.001.
Abed N, Bickle M, Mari B, Schapira M, Sanjuan-España R, Robbe Sermesant K, Moncorgé O, Mouradian-Garcia S, Barbry P, Rudkin BB, Fauvarque MO, Michaud-Soret I, Colas P: A comparative analysis of perturbations caused by a gene knockout, a dominant negative allele, and a set of peptide aptamers. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2007, 6: 2110-2121. 10.1074/mcp.M700105-MCP200.
Geyer CR, Colman-Lerner A, Brent R: "Mutagenesis" by peptide aptamers identifies genetic network members and pathway connections. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1999, 96: 8567-8572. 10.1073/pnas.96.15.8567.
Nagel-Wolfrum K, Buerger C, Wittig I, Butz K, Hoppe-Seyler F, Groner B: The interaction of specific peptide aptamers with the DNA binding domain and the dimerization domain of the transcription factor Stat3 inhibits transactivation and induces apoptosis in tumor cells. Mol Cancer Res. 2004, 2: 170-182.
Fabbrizio E, Le Cam L, Polanowska J, Kaczorek M, Lamb N, Brent R, Sardet C: Inhibition of mammalian cell proliferation by genetically selected peptide aptamers that functionally antagonize E2F activity. Oncogene. 1999, 18: 4357-4363. 10.1038/sj.onc.1202825.
Tomai E, Butz K, Lohrey C, von Weizsacker F, Zentgraf H, Hoppe-Seyler F: Peptide aptamer-mediated inhibition of target proteins by sequestration into aggresomes. J Biol Chem. 2006, 281: 21345-21352. 10.1074/jbc.M604258200.
Nouvion AL, Thibaut J, Lohez OD, Venet S, Colas P, Gillet G, Lalle P: Modulation of Nr-13 antideath activity by peptide aptamers. Oncogene. 2006, 26: 701-710. 10.1038/sj.onc.1209832.
de Chassey B, Mikaelian I, Mathieu AL, Bickle M, Olivier D, Nègre D, Cosset FL, Rudkin BB, Colas P: An antiproliferative genetic screening identifies a peptide aptamer that targets calcineurin and up-regulates its activity. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2007, 6: 451-459.
Caponigro G, Abedi MR, Hurlburt AP, Maxfield A, Judd W, Kamb A: Transdominant genetic analysis of a growth control pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1998, 95: 7508-7513. 10.1073/pnas.95.13.7508.
Norman TC, Smith DL, Sorger PK, Drees BL, O'Rourke SM, Hughes TR, Roberts CJ, Friend SH, Fields S, Murray AW: Genetic selection of peptide inhibitors of biological pathways. Science. 1999, 285: 591-595. 10.1126/science.285.5427.591.
Geyer CR, Brent R: Selection of genetic agents from random peptide aptamer expression libraries. Methods Enzymol. 2000, 328: 171-208.
Blum JH, Dove SL, Hochschild A, Mekalanos JJ: Isolation of peptide aptamers that inhibit intracellular processes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000, 97: 2241-2246. 10.1073/pnas.040573397.
Buerger C, Nagel-Wolfrum K, Kunz C, Wittig I, Butz K, Hoppe-Seyler F, Groner B: Sequence-specific peptide aptamers, interacting with the intracellular domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor, interfere with Stat3 activation and inhibit the growth of tumor cells. J Biol Chem. 2003, 278: 37610-37621. 10.1074/jbc.M301629200.
Gilch S, Kehler C, Schatzl HM: Peptide aptamers expressed in the secretory pathway interfere with cellular PrPSc formation. J Mol Biol. 2007, 371: 362-373. 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.05.052.
Bardou C, Borie C, Bickle M, Rudkin BB, Colas P: Peptide aptamers for small-molecule drug discovery. Methods Mol Biol. 2008,
Borrebaeck CA, Wingren C: High-throughput proteomics using antibody microarrays: an update. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2007, 7: 673-686. 10.1586/14737159.7.5.673.
Bickle MBT, Dusserre E, Moncorgé O, Bottin H, Colas P: Selection and characterization of large collections of peptide aptamers through optimized yeast two-hybrid procedures. Nat Protoc. 2006, 1: 1066-1091. 10.1038/nprot.2006.32.
Albers M, Kranz H, Kober I, Kaiser C, Klink M, Suckow J, Kern R, Koegl M: Automated yeast two-hybrid screening for nuclear receptor-interacting proteins. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2005, 4: 205-213.
Lu Z, Murray KS, Van Cleave V, LaVallie ER, Stahl ML, McCoy JM: Expression of thioredoxin random peptide libraries on the Escherichia coli cell surface as functional fusions to flagellin: a system designed for exploring protein-protein interactions. Biotechnology (NY). 1995, 13: 366-372. 10.1038/nbt0495-366.
Station Biologique, CNRS, UPS 2682, Place Georges Teissier, 29280, Roscoff, France
Pierre Colas
Search for Pierre Colas in:
Correspondence to Pierre Colas.
Colas, P. The eleven-year switch of peptide aptamers. J Biol 7, 2 (2008) doi:10.1186/jbiol64
Protein Transduction Domain
Polyarginine
Peptide Aptamers
Cognate Target
Soluble Target Protein


Working for Colorado Boxed Beef Co.
At Colorado Boxed Beef Co., we know that it takes dedicated people to make our vision a reality. For many years, we have worked to continually provide our customers with the highest quality products and services available in the United States. We know that this goal can only be attained by carefully selecting competent, dedicated people to join our company.
At Colorado Boxed Beef Co., we are committed to supporting the growth and continued development of our team members. We support upward movement for all our associates.


text:
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Faith Protection
Man and Church
Archbishop Theodosius explains what temples can be visited in Greece
Tatyana Chaika
Archbishop Theodosius of Boyarka, the vicar of the Kiev Metropolis. Photo: news.church.ua
Archbishop Theodosius explained that pilgrimage trips to the dioceses of the Greek Church, headed by bishops who entered into communion with the OCU, are not blessed.
On October 22, 2019, the vicar of the Kiev Metropolitanate, Archbishop Theodosius of Boyarka, clarified on vicariate.church.ua whether it is possible to visit the churches of the Greek Orthodox Church and participate in the Sacraments.
"According to a recent decision of the Holy Synod, 'prayer and Eucharistic communion with those bishops of the Church of Greece who have entered or will enter into such communion with representatives of Ukrainian non-canonical schismatic associations is ceased'. Nor are blessed pilgrimage trips to the dioceses run by the specified bishops. A list of these bishops and dioceses will be compiled and made public. A very wise and balanced decision of the Holy Synod," the bishop emphasized.
According to him, it is necessary to understand that "the cessation of Eucharistic communion is a disciplinary measure and in no way speaks of the lack of grace in the Sacraments performed by the specified bishops and in their dioceses. I'm particularly talking about this since recently in the Orthodox community there has been a wide discussion about whether grace works in the sacraments performed by hierarchs who recognize the OCU and how one can 'get infected' with schism: having served with Patriarch Bartholomew, or having prayed at the service, where S. Dumenko (Epiphany) was commemorated".
He explained: "This does not work so. According to the centuries-old tradition and practice of the Orthodox Church, the spirit of canonical rules and the precedents of church history, to deserve and be subjected to canonical punishment are not the same things. As long as the cleric isn't defrocked, but only deserves it, the sacraments performed by him are considered valid.
Even if he sinfully dares to commit them, being banned (but not yet defrocked!). For this, there is a canonical deposition, which sets the final limit to the sacred actions of such a person. Therefore, Patriarch Bartholomew, not to mention the hierarchs and clergymen who concelebrated with him, did not lose the grace of the sacraments performed by him, even having held a joint service with the layman Sergei Dumenko (Epiphany). Although, this is a grave sin, of course, and it is subject to the Church trial. But there hasn't been any yet."
Therefore, the bishop says, breaking the Eucharistic communion with the Patriarchate of Constantinople as a whole and with a number of hierarchs of the Church of Greece "is a disciplinary measure for us, like a quarantine protecting us not to fall under the canons and the danger of defrocking": "This cessation does not mean a lack of grace in the sacraments of the Greek hierarchs. As long as they sin but are not condemned by the Council, are not deprived of the dignity, their sacraments, including the ordinations performed by them, will be recognized in history as legal. And that means that they are so for us now, in contrast to the 'sacraments' of the OCU, for example, in which the thread of the apostolic succession is interrupted. Such is the canonical coordinate system that has been in the Orthodox Church throughout its history. In this coordinate system, the complex issues of healing schisms and the penitential return to the Church of those who fell away from it: in dignity or without dignity, have always been resolved. It is in this coordinate system that the 'Augean stables' that the Phanar has made right now, mixing the righteous with the sinful, the lawful and the lawless, will be cleared out over time."
As reported earlier, the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) adopted a statement on the recognition of the OCU by the Bishops' Council of the Greek Orthodox Church.
Tags: Archbishop Theodosy of Boyarka, Divine service, Greece, Pilgrimage, Sacraments of the Church, UOC, Greek Orthodox Church, Greek Orthodox Church
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If you don't show up on a Google search, do you really exist? As lines continue to blur between cyberculture and "the real world," the answer, in all too many situations, is "no." And what that search reveals can make – or break – lives on many levels. Whether you're building a business brand or just trying to get a personal loan, its essential to clean up the "digital dirt" trailing your online identity.
In a recent bank fraud lawsuit, a court ruling established that for legal purposes, a person's online identity is equivalent to their real one. And in many situations, that online self is the first one that people encounter. Employers Google job applicants. Lenders check out the social media activity of loan seekers. Singles Google potential dates for hints of bad behavior. In an age of widespread sharing of information, anybody can find out anything with the click of a mouse.
Internet marketers and cybersecurity experts use the term "digital footprint" to describe an individual's presence across various platforms online. That includes everything from a basic Facebook profile to business networks like LinkedIn and even public records, which are easily available to any searcher who wants to find out if you've ever been arrested or where you lived in high school.
The more active you are in cyberspace the wider your digital footprint. It includes everything you've ever done online, including sites you signed up for and forgot about, interests you had and then abandoned, or pictures posted from other times in your life. And all these things can come back to haunt you.
Cybersecurity experts recommend doing a periodic review of your online "brand" every so often – especially if you're trying to get a mortgage or a job, or start a business. There are two kinds of digital dirt to look for. There's the kind you post yourself, in reckless posts or tweets, or unwise images of things like drunken parties. And then there's the kind posted by others: videos, photos and content that –either cluelessly or with malicious intent – paints you in a less than flattering light, or in the form of negative comments or reviews.
Take control of the situation, as Jason Hartman advises. Find out what's out there with your name on it. If you posted it, get rid of it. If others did, that might be a trickier issue. Experts suggest asking them to remove it – or to rehabilitate the pieces you do control enough to offset it if they won't. Close unused or dormant accents on sites you don't use or haven't visited in a long while.
More than that, decide what kind of identity you want to have – and then take steps to create it. Rewrite profiles to reflect what you want to be known for, or get your own website to reflect the identity you want people to know.


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Hello and welcome to exampundit. Here are the Daily Current Affairs of March 14, 2018. These are important for the upcoming SBI Clerk Examination.
The World Bank on Wednesday projected India's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth at 7.3 percent for the next financial year.
The body also projects an accelerated growth to 7.5 percent in 2019-20.
World Bank's biannual publication, India Development Update – India's Growth Story, expects the economy to clock a growth rate of 6.7 percent in the current fiscal ending March 31.
The report, however, observed that a growth of over 8 percent will require continued reform and a widening of their scope, aimed at resolving issues related to credit and investment and enhancing the competitiveness of exports.
Ujjivan Small Finance Bank has launched 39 Unbanked Rural Centres (URCs) in the eastern states of West Bengal, Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, Tripura and Orissa.
The URCs were being set up in villages with a population above 5,000, and which do not have a brick and mortar structure of a bank, for customer-based banking transactions, a company release said.
The aim is to get more unbanked and underbanked customers into the formal banking system, and help them become a part of Digital India, it said.
By March 31, 2018, there are plans for 187 banking outlets with 47 URCs spread across West Bengal, Assam, Tripura, Bihar, Jharkand, Orissa, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, the release added.
Belfrics Global, one of the growing block chain development start-ups in India, on Wednesday announced that it had signed an MoU with the Andhra Pradesh government.
The MoU will pave the way for developing Andhra Pradesh as the fintech hub of the country.
Belfrics Global will develop block chain-based solutions, which will help the government run its day-to-day affairs in a smooth and systematic manner.
A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed on Tuesday between Telangana Government and a Tamil Nadu based firm, Kay Ventures Private Limited for setting up a Rs 100 crore apparel superhub in Sircilla.
Speaking on the occasion Telangana IT and Municipal Minister KT Rama Rao said the superhub will be set up in 20 acres in Siricilla, which would be beneficial for the people of the state.
"The investment would be of Rs 100 crores and around 15,000 people will get employment, out of which around 90 percent will be women," Rao said.
Rao said also praised Chief Minister K Chandrashekar Rao for setting up the hub for the people.
The report titled "Fostering Effective Energy Transition", ranks countries on how well they are able to balance energy security and access with environmental sustainability and affordability.
However, energy transition in the country will require "large investments, and an enabling environment and robust regulatory frameworks to support the transition".
"India is at the crossroads in its energy transition journey. Ranking 78th on the Energy Transition Index," the report said. Among its emerging market peers Brazil stood at the 38th place, Russia at 70th and China at 76th place.
On India, the report said, energy needs in the country are primarily met by fossil fuels with implications for environmental sustainability and increasing energy import costs.
The Haryana government announced on March 14, 2 018 that it would be setting up a committee to find a solution to polluted water flowing in the Yamuna river, which is affecting four districts of the state.
The committee led by State Agriculture and Farmers Welfare Minister Om Parkash Dhankhar, will discuss the issue with the Delhi government and the Centre.
The Chief Minister was responding in the Haryana Assembly during Zero hour to the issue of quality of water in Okhla Barrage and effulents entering Yamuna from 37 polluted channels in Delhi.
The 20-km-long stretch of Delhi Metro's Pink Line, connecting the north and south campuses of the Delhi University, was opened for the public on March 14, 2018.
The 12-station section was formally flagged off by Union Minister for Housing and Urban Affairs Hardeep Singh Puri and Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal from the Metro Bhawan.
Passenger services on the stretch will begin from 6 pm onwards from both Majlis Park and Durgabai Deshmukh South Campus stations simultaneously.
The Pink Line has three interchange stations, Azadpur with Yellow Line, Netaji Subhash Place, with Red Line and Rajouri Garden with Blue Line.
The state government of Assam has proposed an insurance scheme for journalists and their families in its budget for 2018-19.
The information was shared by Assam Finance Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma while presenting the state's budget in the assembly on March 13, 2018. Sarma stated that the state has earmarked a budgetary allocation of Rs 63 crore in 2018-19 for the Information and Public Relations Department that would implement schemes for journalists.
The new Journalist Insurance Scheme would ensure security and protection of the journalists and their families.
The Supreme Court of India ruled on March 13, 2018 that foreign law firms cannot set up offices in India but their lawyers could visit in 'fly in and fly out' mode to give legal advice on foreign laws to clients, which would be casual in nature.
The two-judge bench comprising Justice Adarsh Kumar Goel and Justice Uday Umesh Lalit held that the foreign law firms/companies or foreign lawyers cannot practice the profession of law in India, either in the litigation or in the non-litigation side.
Nepal's first woman President Bidya Devi Bhandari was re-elected for a second term in office with an overwhelming majority on March 13, 2018.
The Left alliance candidate defeated her opponent Kumari Laxmi Rai from Nepali Congress with more than a two-thirds majority, as she secured 39,275 votes while Rai was able to gather just 11,730 votes.
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US President Trump on March 13, 2018 fired his secretary of state, Rex W Tillerson, naming CIA Director Mike Pompeo as his replacement.
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The research body of the Union Health Ministry – the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) – was awarded the International Kochon Prize 2017 on March 13, 2018 in New Delhi for its contribution to the national programme in Tuberculosis research.
The ICMR through its TB Consortium accelerated the efforts for research and development on the terminal disease in the country.
The India TB Research Consortium (ITRC) was formed to fast-track and align efforts in TB research.
It aims to achieve its goal by harnessing national and international expertise to advance technology as well as product development by delivering effective diagnostics, shorter drug regimens, efficacious vaccines along with newer interventions for TB control.
Renowned physicist and modern cosmology patron, Stephen Hawking, passed away on March 14, 2018 at his home in Cambridge. He was 76.
The death was confirmed by the Professor's children Lucy, Robert and Tim who said in a statement, "We are deeply saddened that our beloved father passed away today. He was a great scientist and an extraordinary man whose work and legacy will live on for many years.
Hawking continued to work on black holes and in 1974 drew on quantum theory to declare that black holes should emit heat and eventually pop out of existence.
Hawkings wrote 'A Brief History of Time' explaining complex scientific theories to the masses, which was published for the first time in 1988.
The book sold 10 million copies and was translated into 40 different languages. It even made it into the Guinness Book of Records after it stayed on the Sunday Times bestsellers list for an unprecedented 237 weeks.
The book was also the subject of the Oscar-winning film 'The Theory of Everything' in 2014.
Noted film and television actor Narendra Jha passed away on March 14, 2018 following a heart attack. He was 55.
The actor best is known for his performances in films such as Raees, Kaabil and Haider.
Jha began his acting career on TV with hit shows like Shanti, Ithihass, Captain House.
The actor gradually moved to films but continued his hold on the small screen, appearing in Shyam Benegal's Samvidhaan, comedy show Begusarai and Chhoona Hai Aasmaan.
He played Shahid Kapoor's father in Vishal Bhardwaj's Haider and bootlegger Musa Bhai in Shah Rukh Khan-starrer Raees. He was set to appear in Prabhas-starrer Saaho.


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Closing the void: the answer to the worsening gender pay gap
Jun 30, 2019 Government Policy & Corporate Governance , Hiring Guides
The gender pay gap is getting worse. Despite widespread efforts to address diversity and equality issues women are still being paid less than men.
And not just less, but even less than before, with the gap widening in the last year. According to an article in the Sunday Times, on average women in the UK earned 90p for every £1 earned by men in 2018, in other words 10% less. The year before they earned 9.3% less. A small shift, maybe, but one that is going in the wrong direction.
And some companies are doing an awful lot worse than that. Another Sunday Times article looked at four of the country's high street banks - including HSBC, Lloyds, RBS and Barclays - all of which have pay gaps that are significantly more pronounced. Barclays came out bottom of the pile, with women earning just 57p for each £1 earned by a man. And although the ratio in their personal finance retail arm stood at 85p to every £1, that figure was down 1p on the year before.
When it comes to high earners, the problem is much more marked. Taking a focus on those earning £150,000 or more, a third Sunday Times article reported that there are five times as many men in this income bracket than women - 295,000 compared to 61,000.
Guidance from the government
So what can employers do? A recently published government report has set out "evidence-based actions" that employers can take to reduce the gender pay gap and improve gender equality in organisations.
Revolutionising recruitment
Getting more women into organisations, especially at senior levels, is a vital step in closing the gender pay gap. Traditional recruitment methods are often biased - though not necessarily intentionally - which is why the report puts forward a number of tangible suggestions for making the process more fair.
These include putting more than one woman on shortlists for recruitment and promotions, using skills-based assessment tasks to determine a candidate's suitability, and choosing structured over unstructured interviews. By assessing potential employees based on what they can achieve and ensuring that each one is put through the same set of questions, it is easier to make a fair comparison between them, which reduces the likelihood of bias creeping in.
Setting appropriate salaries
The report also talked about salaries and how it isn't just a case of paying men and women the same salary for the same job. Instead, transparency is essential in order to ensure that women are able to access salaries that allow them to close the gender pay gap.
For example, women are less likely to negotiate on pay if they are unsure what pay scales are available to them. By being clear about these up front, these women will have a greater chance of negotiating reasonable remuneration. The same transparency should be applied to the "processes, policies and criteria for decision-making" when it comes to promotion, pay and rewards, according to the report.
And in order to ensure that this is all happening, the report recommends that companies have an appointed diversity manager or task force - with responsibility, visibility and the ability to make and challenge decisions.
Offering flexibility
One of the biggest challenges facing women in the workforce is the need to balance their career with looking after children. Flexible working is a hugely powerful tool in addressing this, with a range of options from job sharing to home working, part-time roles to compressed hours. The report advises companies to advertise all roles as flexible and to encourage both men and women to take up flexible options so it isn't seen as only a "female benefit".
Encouraging better uptake of parental leave is another suggestion to help reduce the number of women leaving the workforce at the point of motherhood. Employers should be making it clear to men that they have a legal right to request shared leave, and promote examples of senior leaders taking advantage of it in order to normalise the concept.
And if women do take a career break to raise children, employers should consider options such as returnship programmes to help those returners get back to work when they're ready. Returnships not only provide mothers with a chance to brush up on their skills, regain confidence and make contacts, they're also an excellent way of companies making good recruitment decisions.
Supporting women
Whether returning to work after a career break or taking a step up the ladder into a traditionally male dominated space can be intimidating and unsettling. That's why sponsorship and mentoring schemes can work well. By providing support for women who are progressing or want to progress in their careers, employers can maximise the chance of more senior positions being filled by females and therefore reduce their gender pay gap.
The report is clear that some of these actions are more effective than others, while some need more testing before we can fully appreciate the impact they will have. But the truth is that unless organisations take at least some positive action, the gender pay gap will not only remain but is likely to continue to widen.
This is not just a problem for the women who are losing out on financial rewards. It is a big issue for companies who could not only face potential repercussions due to breaches of equality legislation, but also take a hit to their reputation and brand image. By overlooking flexibility, companies risk losing out not only on the skills, expertise and maturity that mothers can offer, but may well put off younger women entering the workforce who are thinking to the future and the opportunities that might be available to them.
Women are no longer willing to settle for being labelled second rate. As a result, top female talent will be heading towards companies for whom gender equality is not just a tick box exercise. In the future, companies who don't pay address the pay gap will risk losing out to those who are making significant progress.
That's why we work hard to champion the power of flexible working as a solution for both forward-thinking organisations and talented, experienced mothers who want to be fulfilled at work without compromising their family life. As we always say, 2to3days isn't just a business, it's a movement. Join us today!
Government Policy & Corporate Governance


The client is responsible for the supply and installation of fencing to domestic, commercial and public properties. Their work is carried out for large organisations and some public-sector bodies. Having helped them with health and safety advice for many years the client now wanted help to gain and retain health and safety accreditation.
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