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You are here: Home » Blog » What is Fiber Optic Cable Adapters
What is Fiber Optic Cable Adapters
Views:171 Author:Site Editor Publish Time: 2020-12-22 Origin:Site
Optical fiber connectors are the most widely used optical passive components in optical fiber communication systems. Most fiber optic connectors are composed of three parts: two fiber optic connectors and a coupler. Two fiber optic connectors are installed into the two fiber tail ends; the coupler acts as an alignment sleeve. In addition, the optical cable couplers are mostly equipped with metal or non-metal flanges to facilitate the installation and fixation of the connectors. Both ends of the fiber optic cable adapter can be inserted into fiber optic connectors of different interface types to realize the conversion between different interfaces such as FC, SC, ST, LC, MTRJ, MPO, E2000. Optical fiber connectors are widely used in optical fiber distribution frames (ODF), optical fiber communication equipment, instruments, etc. due to their superior performance, stability, and reliability.
Optical fiber couplers can be divided into two types: fusion taper type and planar waveguide type. The fusion tapered product is formed by fusion splicing two or more optical fibers on the side. The planar waveguide type is a micro-optical element type product. It uses photolithography technology to form an optical waveguide on a medium or semiconductor substrate to realize the branch distribution function. The two types of light splitting principles are similar. They achieve different branch amounts by changing the evanescent field coupling between the fibers (coupling width, coupling length) and changing the fiber radius. Conversely, combining multiple optical signals into one signal is called a synthesizer. Because of its simple manufacturing method, low price, easy connection with external optical fiber, and resistance to mechanical vibration and temperature changes, the fusion taper fiber coupler has become the mainstream manufacturing technology in the market.
Coupling principle
The fiber coupler is a device for detaching and connecting an optical fiber and an optical fiber. It precisely connects the two end faces of the optical fiber, so that the light energy output by the transmitting fiber can be coupled to the receiving optical fiber to the maximum extent and intervene in the optical link, thereby minimizing the impact on the system. For the waveguide fiber coupler, it is generally a Y-branched element, and the optical signal input by an optical fiber can be divided into equal parts. The 2 x 2 single-mode fiber coupler can be regarded as two cones formed close to each other, and its basic structure is shown in Figure 1. Its basic idea is: the fields in the two coupled waveguides each maintain the field distribution and transmission coefficient when the waveguide exists independently. The effect of coupling is manifested in the changes along the way of the complex amplitude of the field.
Structure of fiber optic cable adapter
The main purpose of optical fiber connectors is to realize the continuity of optical fibers. The fiber optic connector adapters are now widely used in optical fiber communication systems. There are many types and different structures. But looking closely, the basic structure of various types of optical cable couplers is the same. Most fiber optic cable ends generally use high-precision components (composed of two pins and a coupling tube in three parts) to achieve optical fiber alignment. In this method, the optical fiber is inserted and fixed in the pin, and the surface of the pin is polished to achieve alignment in the coupling tube. The outer components of the pins are made of metal or non-metal materials. The butt end of the pin must be polished, and the other end usually uses a bend limiting member to support the optical fiber or optical fiber cable to relieve stress. Coupling pipes are generally made of two-half synthetic, fastened cylindrical members made of ceramic, bronze, or other materials, and are often equipped with metal or plastic flanges to facilitate the installation and fixation of the fiber optic cable adapter. In order to align the optical fiber as accurately as possible, the processing precision of the pin and coupling tube is very high.
Optical fiber connector performance
The performance of optical cable couplers includes optics, interchangeability, repeatability, tensile strength, temperature, and the number of insertions and removals.
(1) Optical performance
The requirements for the optical performance of fiber optic connector adapters are mainly the two most basic parameters of insertion loss and return loss. Insertion Loss (Insertion Loss) is the connection loss, which refers to the loss of the effective optical power of the link caused by the introduction of the connector. The smaller the insertion loss, the better. Generally, it should not be greater than 0.5dB. Return Loss (Reflection Loss) refers to the ability of a connector to suppress the reflection of link optical power, and its typical value should not be less than 25dB. In the actual application of the connector, the pin surface has been specially polished, which can make the return loss greater, generally not less than 45dB.
(2) Interchangeability and repeatability
Optical fiber connectors are general passive components. For the same type of optical fiber connectors, they can generally be used in any combination and can be used repeatedly. The additional loss introduced by this is generally within the range of less than 0.2 dB.
(3) Tensile strength
For finished fiber optic connectors, the tensile strength is generally required to be no less than 90N.
(4) Temperature
Generally, the optical fiber connector must be able to be used normally at a temperature of -40℃ ~ +70℃.
(5) Mating times
The optical fiber connectors currently used can generally be plugged and unplugged more than 1,000 times.
Fiber optic cable adapter classification
Fiber optic connector adapters can be divided into common silicon-based optical fiber single-mode and multi-mode connectors according to different transmission media, and other optical fiber connectors such as plastics as the transmission media. According to the structure of the connector, it can be divided into FC, SC, ST, LC, D4, DIN, MU, MT, etc. various forms. Among them, ST optical connectors are usually used for wiring equipment, such as optical fiber distribution frames, optical fiber modules, etc. The SC and MT fiber adapters are usually used for network equipment. According to the shape of the fiber end face, there are FC, PC (including SPC or UPC), and APC. According to the number of fiber cores, there are also single-core and multi-core (such as MT-RJ). The fiber optic cable couplers are widely used and have many varieties. In the actual application process, it is generally distinguished according to the structure of the optical fiber connector. The following are some of the more common fiber optic connectors:
FC optical connector
The FC fiber optic adapter was first developed by NTT of Japan. FC is the abbreviation of FERRULE CONNECTOR, indicating that the external reinforcement method is a metal sleeve and the fastening method is a turnbuckle. The earliest FC type fiber connector used the butt end of the ceramic pin. This type of connector has a simple structure, convenient operation, and easy manufacture, but the fiber end is more sensitive to fine dust, and it is prone to Fresnel reflection, which makes it difficult to improve the return loss performance. Later, FC optical connector was improved by adopting a spherical contact pin (PC) with the mating end surface, and the external structure was unchanged, which greatly improved the insertion loss and return loss performance.
● The unique design of the integrated internal structure, simpler structure, easier to use, easy to assemble, and improve efficiency
● Good stable performance, small insertion loss in continuous plug test
● Reflection loss>55dB
● Temperature range -40 ~ +85℃
● Durability 500yclds. Change ≤0.2dB.
● Management room
● Work area
● Equipment room
● Telecommunications, broadcasting, and television
LC fiber adapter
The LC fiber connector is researched and developed by the famous BELL Research Institute. It adopts a standardized jack (RJ) door lock structure, easy to plug and unplug, and small in size, which greatly improves the installation density. LC fiber adapters use precision ceramics or copper sleeves to ensure long-term stable mechanical and optical performance. The size of these pins and sleeves is half the size used by ordinary SC, FC, etc., which is 1.25MM, which can increase the density of optical fiber connectors in optical fiber distribution frames. The LC optical connector adopts a 45-type double hook design, which improves the panel density and is easy to install. At present, in single-mode SFF, LC fiber adapters have actually occupied a dominant position, and their applications in multi-mode have also grown rapidly.
● Good compatibility
● Ceramic catheter
● High precision machining size
● High reliability and stability
● Round, square, diamond
● Insert end face PC/UPC/APC
● Telecom network, metropolitan area network, access network
● Test Equipment
● Fiber CATV
● FTTH
SC coupler
SC fiber adapter is a kind of optical fiber connector developed by Japan NTT company. Its shell is rectangular, and the structural dimensions of the pins and coupling sleeves used are exactly the same as the FC optical connector. Among them, the end face of the pin mostly adopts the PC or APC type grinding method. The fastening method adopts the plug-in bolt type, without rotation, and the plug-in operation is convenient. The SC coupler uses a precision ceramic or copper sleeve to ensure long-term stable mechanical and optical performance. It can be divided into single/double, assembled with metal shrapnel for easy installation. A variety of colors are available, with or without ear structure, saving installation space. SC fiber optic adapters are divided into ear type and no ear type. This type of connector is cheap, easy to plug and unplug, with small fluctuations in insertion loss, high compressive strength, and high installation density.
Structure drawing of SC fiber optic adapter - Simplex (unit: mm)
Structure drawing of SC fiber optic adapter - Duplex (unit: mm)
● Low insertion loss.
● Good repeatability
● Good interchangeability
● Easy to install
● Good temperature stability
● Telecommunication system
● Wired TV internet
● Local area network, optical area network
● Fiber to the home (FTTH)
● Video transmission
● Test instrument
ST adapter
The most representative product among ST fiber optic adapters was developed and researched by Bell Labs in the United States. It is composed of two precision-molded cylindrical plugs with frusto-conical ends and a coupling assembly with a double-cone plastic sleeve inside. The ST adapter is installed on the optical fiber distribution frame to connect pigtails and jumpers. Its interface is round, and the exterior is reinforced with a metal sleeve and fastened with a turnbuckle. ST optical fiber adapters are divided into single-mode, multi-mode, and 10G.
DIN47256 optical fiber connector
DIN47256 optical connector is a connector developed by Germany. The structural dimensions of the pin and coupling sleeve used in this connector are the same as the FC type. The end face treatment adopts the PC grinding method. Compared with the FC fiber adapter, its structure is more complicated. The internal metal structure has a spring to control the pressure, which can avoid damage to the end face due to excessive insertion pressure. In addition, the mechanical accuracy of this connector is high, so the insertion loss value is small.
MT-RJ optical cable coupler
The MT-RJ optical fiber connector started from the MT connector developed by NTT. It has the same latch mechanism as the RJ-45 LAN electrical connector, and the optical fiber is aligned with the guide pins installed on both sides of the small sleeve to facilitate the connection with the optical transceiver. The connector end face optical fiber is a dual-core (0.75mm spacing) arrangement design, which is a next-generation high-density optical fiber connector mainly used for data transmission.
MU fiber optic cable ends
MU (MINIATURE UNIT COUPLING) fiber optic cable connector is the world's smallest single-core optical fiber connector developed by NTT based on the most used SC connector. The connector uses a 1.25MM diameter sleeve and self-retaining mechanism, and its advantage is that it can achieve high-density installation. Using MU's L.25MM diameter sleeve, NTT has developed the MU connector series. They have socket type connectors (MU-A series) for optical cable connection; backplane connectors with self-retaining mechanism (MU-B series) and simplified sockets for connecting LD/PD modules and plugs (MU-SR series). With the rapid development of optical fiber networks in the direction of greater bandwidth and greater capacity and the widespread application of DWDM technology, the demand for MU fiber optic cable ends will also grow rapidly.
SC stands for Standard Connector.
ST stands for Straight Tip.
FC stands for Fiber Connector.
The part in front of "/" indicates the applicable fiber connector model.
The "SC" connector is a standard square connector, using engineering plastics, which has the advantages of high-temperature resistance and not easy to oxidize. The optical interface on the transmission equipment side generally uses an SC connector.
The "LC" connector is similar in shape to the SC connector but smaller than the SC connector.
The "FC" connector is a metal connector, which is generally used on the ODF side. The metal connector can be plugged in more times than plastic.
Both ends of the fiber optic cable adapter can be inserted into fiber optic connectors of different interface types to realize the conversion between different interfaces such as FC, SC, ST, LC, MTRJ, MPO, E2000, etc. It is widely used in optical fiber distribution frames (ODF), optical fiber communication equipment, Instruments, etc.
fiber optic cable adapter optical cable coupler
2021 Ultimate Guide of Fiber Optic Cable Adapter
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text:
Q: Reject data load attempt to BigQuery for existing data I'm loading data from pandas dataframes to BigQuery using pandas-gbq package:
df.to_gbq('dataset.table', project_id, reauth=False, if_exists='append')

A typical dataframe looks like:
key      |    value    |    order
"sd3e"   |     0.3     |    1
"sd3e"   |     0.2     |    2
"sd4r"   |     0.1     |    1
"sd4r"   |     0.5     |    2

Is there a way to reject the loading attemp if the key already appears in the BigQuery table?

A:
Is there a way to reject the loading attempt if the key already appears in the BigQuery table?

No, since BigQuery doesn't support keys in a similar way other database does.
There are 2 typical use-cases to solve this:
Option 1:
Upload the data with a timeStamp and use a merge command to remove duplicates
See this link on how to do this, This is an example
MERGE `DATA` AS target
USING `DATA` AS source
ON target.key = source.key
WHEN MATCHED AND target.ts < source.ts THEN
DELETE

Note: In this case, you pay for the merge scanning but keep your table row unique.
Option 2:
Upload the data with a timestamp and use ROW_NUMBER window  function to fetch the latest record, This is an example with your data:
WITH DATA AS (
    SELECT 'sd3e' AS key, 0.3 as value,  1 as r_order, '2019-04-14 00:00:00' as ts  UNION ALL
    SELECT 'sd3e' AS key, 0.2 as value,  2 as r_order, '2019-04-14 01:00:00' as ts  UNION ALL
    SELECT 'sd4r' AS key, 0.1 as value,  1 as r_order, '2019-04-14 00:00:00' as ts  UNION ALL
    SELECT 'sd4r' AS key, 0.5 as value,  2 as r_order, '2019-04-14 01:00:00' as ts
)

SELECT *
FROM (
    SELECT * ,ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY key order by ts DESC) rn
    FROM `DATA`
)
WHERE rn = 1

This produces the expected results as follow:

Note: This case doesn't incur extra charges, however, you always have to make sure to use window function when fetching from the table

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Teaching style: I teach a spiritual and athletic vinyasa flow practice with the use of dynamic and static postures linked with fluid transitions.
Favorite tunes for yoga: Songs with a bass!
Most embarrassing yoga moment: I lost my voice during teaching and sounded like Marge Simpson for a week.
Special talent: I can eat numerous cupcakes in on sitting.
What word do you always spell wrong: All of them, thank you autocorrect!


bpv Huegel is again shortlisted for the international award 2019 after having been awarded "Law Firm of the Year Austria" in 2018.
22 January 2019. The renowned British magazine "The Lawyer" annually awards leading European law firms for their work. The awards are regarded as a benchmark in the European legal sector. A jury of more than twenty leading in-house lawyers and renowned international lawyers judges in particular on consistent high quality of the legal services, strategic vision with focus on cross-border activities, solid partnership culture, strong financial performance, growth and excellent talent management of the law firms.
"The renewed nomination in 2019 acknowledge our sustained work as a leading law firm in Austria, the commitment of all bpv Huegel lawyers and underscore our strong position in the Austrian and European market," emphasize co-managing partners Florian Neumayr and Christoph Nauer.
The award ceremony will take place on 19 March 2019 in London, where more than 350 managing and executive partners from across Europe will participate to celebrate the success of the industry's leading law firms.


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Home » Artykuły po angielsku » Fitness, zdrowie » The Secret Language of Anorexia
The Secret Language of Anorexia
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Dzisiejszy artykuł dotyczy problemu anoreksji. Załączyliśmy plik mp3 z nagraniem, więc można przesłuchać i sprawdzić ile się zrozumiało.
It is one of the great paradoxes of the developed world that children starve themselves in the midst of plenty. Throughout Western society, doctors are seeing children as young as one and two years old who refuse to eat.
In a society that equates beauty with being thin, the pressure on young people - especially girls - is extreme and has often been blamed for the rise in anorexia. But is anorexia a disease in itself or simply a symptom of a more serious psychological condition?
Controversial Canadian therapist Peggy Claude-Pierre believes it is the latter. Claude-Pierre, who operates an eating-disorders clinic in Victoria, British Columbia, is the author of The Secret Language of Eating Disorders, a book that describes the dramatic story of how she successfully treated her two daughters for anorexia after doctors had told her the condition was incurable.
The author says anorexics are actually suffering from what she calls a "confirmed negativity condition". Put simply, they believe they do not deserve to live. When they come to her for counselling. she says, they will often comment that they don"t really need help, because there are many others who are more deserving.
A slight. attractive woman with curly blond hair, Claude-Pierre has a disarmingly warm personality. Told by her advisers to wear a long dress and to curtsy when she first met Princess Diana, Claude-Pierre instead wore jeans and gave the princess a big hug. Diana, perhaps the world"s best-known anorexic, was never one of Claude-Pierre"s patients, but before her death she had been planning to appear at a fund-raising event at Claude-Pierre"s Montreux Glinie last autumn.
Like Diana, whom Claude-Pierre describes as "the true anorexic profile", anorexic children are typically "humble. gentle and self-sacrificing". They are often highly intelligent and hypersensitive. "The parents are often brilliant people, professional people who care about their child, but the child is trying to parent them," Claude-Pierre told SPOTLIGHT. "Parents may fall into the trap of letting them [the children] be confidants. "Oh, yes, Mummy"s tired today, sweetheart. I"m just going to put my feet up for a little while..." - "OK, Mummy, I'll get your slippers. It's OK..." That kind of thing happens a lot."
Claude-Pierre says one reason for the problem is the trend towards the small, nuclear family rather than the extended family. In the past, she says, other members of the family would have helped parents deal with emotional, financial or health crises.
"But in nuclear families, children don't have that available to them, so that when Grandma is rushed to the hospital because she has asthma attacks and baby is put in the car all the time to go with her, never knowing whether Grandma is going to die or not, the child picks up that anxiety. Hę feels he has to look after everything, and by the time he's 13, he thinks he has to look after his younger sib-lings as well."
According to Claude-Pierre, such children are always worrying about the people in their lives. In extreme cases, the child takes this personal concern one step further and begins worrying about "the ozone layer, the whales and things like that. So his life becomes an impossibility of responsibility," she explains.
"The faster he runs, the better the grades he gets, the better he looks, the happier everybody will be, because he is satisfying the external values of the given society. he's not living for himself," she says. "he's thinking and living for society."
For such children, even positive messages can have a negative interpretation, according to Claude-Pierre. If the child"s mother tells her, "Darling, you look beautiful today," the child thinks, "Oh, God, I was ugly yesterday".
Following her successful treatment of her daughters and requests from doctors for help with anorexic patients who had not been cured by other forms of treatment, Claude-Pierre established the Montreux Counselling Centre in 1988, followed by the Montreux Clinic in 1993. The clinic operates on the principles of unconditional love, positive reinforcement and round-the-clock attention. The idea is to help the patients fight their negative sense of self, which many children experience as a voice that continually sends them negative messages "It's a crash course in living, if you want an analogy," explains Claude-Pierre. "As when you're dealing with an infant: you certainly don"t let him have full responsibility himself, because he's incapable of it. These people are emotion-al infants in their own minds." In short, the clinic helps its patients to grow up. By the time they reach what Claude-Pierre calls "the reality stage" or "adolescence", they are learning to think and act for themselves. "When the kid starts to say, "Oh, I disagree with you," that is so healthy," she comments.
In the final stage of treatment, the patient returns home, making three return visits to the clinic in the first year. Five years later, there is a final follow-up.
Such extensive personal treatment is clearly expensive, but just how expensive is something Claude-Pierre does not discuss in her book. She is reluctant to talk about it in person, too. When I asked her about it, she responded with a comment journalists love to hear: "That"s a really good question", and went on to say, "It's expensive on us," meaning herself and her staff.
Later she told me about a doctor who had already spent nearly a million dollars on treatment for his daughter before she came to Montreux. Hę spent another C$ 300,000 on his daughter at Montreux, "but she had incredible care - she was catatonic for almost five months," Claude-Pierre said.
One patient who did not live to experience the five-year checkup was 30-year-old Samantha Kendall of Birmingham, England, who died of liver failure in early November last year, two years after she left Montreux. Kendall, a former nightclub singer, began starving herself shortly after returning from an 18-month treatment program.
Claude-Pierre said she was "numbed" by Kendall"s death, telling The Guardian that Kendall "walked out without any counselling. She refused it. When she left, I wrote to her, saying: "Sam, you're not well. If you come back, you'll have to have counselling." I don"t think she was based in reality - she said she"d like to come back as a carer. Maybe she did't really want to admit she had a problem," the author said.
This was only the start of the bad news for Claude-Pierre. Later that month, the Montreux Clinic was placed under investigation by British Columbia provincial police and health authorities. There were accusations of financial irregularities and the mistreatment of patients through such practices as force-feeding.
Newspaper letter columns were filled with comments on the charges - most of them positive. Claude-Pierre was also defended by former anorexics. Kristie Latour of Campbell River, B.C., told the Vancouver Province that anorexics need restrictive treatment. Latour is grateful that her own parents insisted that she remain in a similar program at St. Paul's Hospital in Vancouver.
"I think of that every day. If they hadn"t done that, I probably wouldn"t be here," Latour said. "I hated everybody. I hated everything. I hated the system. I did't want help. My heart goes out to that woman. She's trying to help people who don"t want to be helped. and that"s incredibly difficult." Claude-Pierre denies all wrongdoing. She describes the accusations as a "nuisance effort" from a former employee and regrets that media reports have caused a "trauma" for several of her patients. She told SPOTLIGHT that staff members are disturbed by the media reports, which they feel "challenge their integrity. They feel compromised by this sort of reporting."
In spite of the criticism, Claude-Pierre continues to be flooded with requests from around the world to establish more clinics. She plans to open a teaching clinic in Maui nest year, where groups of 25 students will train in 13-week work and theory sessions. Hawaii was chosen partly because it is closer to Australia and Japan, but also because of its climate.
"We have gardens for the children in Victoria," she says. "They plant things, because I think It's important for them to understand the analogy of growth from seed. and I show them that they are going to grow like this, and It's magic. So, Maui can do that year round." Claude-Pierre says she hopes to open further clinics in the continental United States, the United Kingdom and western Europe.
Meanwhile, there"s a happy ending for her own daughters" struggle with anorexia. One daughter, Kirsten, has married and recently had a baby. The youngest daughter, Nicole, has fully recovered and works at the Montreux Clinic.
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DominisiaAng - 07/06/2009 - 21:14
This article is very interesting. Nowadays it is thin people cult...Many, especially young girls, want to be slim, beacuse everywhere it is modern...Unfortunately ;/

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Q: Advice on replacing Enterprise Library Data Access Block by Entity Framework A few year ago, we developed a large ASP.Net application (C# / .net 3.5) that had to be "Database Engine" non-dependent (meaning this application could either use SQL Server, Oracle, MySQL ... as DB engine). For that, we used Enterprise Library Data Access Block 4.1.
But now, as we are on a "performance/scalability improvement" phase, we are thinking about technology upgrade or re-design of our application foundations.
So, the question is: is there any advantage to move to Entity Framework ? Does EF will keep our non-dependent "Database Engine" criteria ? Or should we keep our EntLib DAAB implementation but upgrade to the latest version (5.0) ?
Thanks

A: The biggest issue moving between them isn't about database independence, it's that the usage pattern is fundamentally different. The Data Access Block (DAAB) is primarily a convenience wrapper around ADO.NET. It makes it easier / less annoying to call stored procedures, but you're still dealing with datasets or data readers. It doesn't actually change how you're interacting with the database, it just makes it less annoying.
Entity Framework, on the other hand, is about data modelling and object-relational mapping. It works at a higher level than the DAAB does; you write your code in terms of your objects, not in terms of DataSets or DataReaders. It automates the "materialization" of the objects from the database so you don't need to write that code, maintains the relationships between them, etc. It's a much more fully featured, but quite different, way of working with the database.
You need to consider if you're going to move to the ORM style of data access first. From there you can decide if EF or one of the many other ORMs in the .NET space will suit your needs best.
There are lots of providers available for EF (see Devart's answer for a list) but they're all external / extra cost. The only one in the box is for Sql Server. Although I will add that DAAB doesn't actually completely cover the "database independence" thing - if you have any actual SQL in your DAAB calls, it doesn't help you with differences in SQL dialects. EF will.

A: There is a number of EF providers for Oracle (Devart dotConnect for Oracle, DataDirect) and MySQL (Devart dotConnect for MySQL, MySQL Connector /NET), and Microsoft provides an Entity Framework provider for SQL Server, so there should not be any problems with database independence.

A:
Is there any advantage to move to Entity Framework?

Generally quicker to get your data access work done. Linq syntax is great and can query sql.

Does EF will keep our non-dependent "Database Engine" criteria?

Not without some 3rd party support. Although I haven't run into ANY developers that in fact took a functioning application and switched database technologies to or from sql.

Or should we keep our EntLib DAAB implementation but upgrade to the
  latest version (5.0)?

DAAB is awesome!! I wrote a code generator for it.. Also after implementing EF for a large database with a VERY POOR relational schema I found that the EF 'wizard' took way to long to update, 3 min for 110 sql tables (approximately). It was too slow and I went back to DAAB... I will say the way forward is EF however. I just try use it with stored procedures and No Tracking for best performance. The other thing to be aware of with EF is merging conflicts when two people update entites separately. It can get confusing.


Wichita Lineman is the twelfth album by American singer-guitarist Glen Campbell, released in 1968 by Capitol Records.
Jimmy Webb – organ on "Wichita Lineman"
In 2000, the single Wichita Lineman was inducted in the Grammy Hall of Fame.
^ a b Eder, Bruce. "Wichita Lineman". Allmusic. Retrieved November 2, 2012.
This 1960s country music album-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
This page was last edited on 8 March 2019, at 18:02 (UTC).


For many years individuals and families have chosen to donate to the Timaru Hospital, showing their appreciation of the services and care they received. Talk to us about donating.
For many years individuals and families have chosen to donate to the Timaru Hospital, showing their appreciation of the services and care they received.
The South Canterbury District Health Board (SCDHB) decided to use these funds to create a wonderful and significant sized endowment fund that would benefit as many people as possible. The goal of the fund is to improve the health – physical, mental and social – of the communities of Aoraki/South Canterbury. Governed by a sub-committee of the Aoraki Foundation, the Health Endowment Fund distributes grants to charitable, worthy causes twice a year. The Health Endowment Committee includes trustees from the Aoraki Foundation, the SCDHB, and members of the community with experience in the health industry.
How do I help grow this fund?
The people of South Canterbury now have, in the Health Endowment, a fund to which they can donate and/or leave bequests in their will which will continue to grow and support charitable health purposes here in South Canterbury for years to come.
The initial investment capital of the Health Endowment Fund will be grown though new bequests and endowments, and the income from the funds invested will be distributed to worthy health-related charitable purposes twice-yearly by the Aoraki Foundation.


text:
Academic Advisor:
University staff that are available to guide students in selecting and planning effective programs of study for degree completion, career training and university transfer through individual appointments, as well as to provide referrals to other members of the university community.
Academic Standing:
Students must maintain an Institutional CGPA of at least 2.0 (C average) in order to stay in Good Academic Standing. Students who fall below this Institutional CGPA may be placed on Academic Warning and then Academic Probation before being Required to Withdraw. See also Grade Point Average (GPA).
The period from September 1 through the following August 31. The Academic Year begins with the Fall Semester from September through December, followed by the Spring Semester from January through April, and lastly the Summer Semester from May through August.
Add/Drop Period:
The period at the beginning of each semester during which students can make adjustments to their schedule by adding or dropping courses.
The decision to admit a student into a Faculty, School, or program after all requirements for admission have been satisfied.
Requirements, including academic and non-academic that must be fulfilled to qualify for admission to the University and a program.
Adult Graduation Diploma:
Enables adult learners to complete their BC Ministry of Education secondary school graduation requirements in order to enter post-secondary studies or the workforce. Length of program varies.
Advanced Certificate:
In some programs, students may complete additional specialized courses after obtaining a certificate, and work towards the completion of an advanced certificate. Length of program: up to 18 months.
Application for Admission:
At KPU, a formal request, or application for admission, is required of individuals who want to pursue undergraduate, vocational or preparatory studies at KPU. KPU's application for admission is available online at kpu.ca/apply.
Apprenticeships:
An apprenticeship is a combination of on-the-job training and classroom learning that leads to a trade credential – or "ticket". The Industry Training Authority (ITA) leads and coordinates British Columbia's skilled trades system. Length of program varies.
Associate's Degree:
An associate's degree consists of 60 credits of study prescribed by the Ministry of Education in arts or science. Most BC universities will grant 60 transfer credits to holders of an associate's degree, even if all the courses taken towards the associate's degree do not transfer individually to the receiving institution.
Award:
A monetary or non-monetary presentation recognizing achievement that is not based solely on academic performance or financial need.
Bachelor's Degree:
A Baccalaureate (or Bachelor's) degree combines academic theory and applied skills development in a curriculum that will provide the foundation for a career or graduate studies. It is made up of a minimum of 120 credits and takes four to five years of full-time studies to complete. Students who have met the GPA requirements and wish to continue studies at the graduate level may apply for admission to Master's degree or Doctoral degree (PhD) programs after completing the Baccalaureate Degree.
Bursary:
A monetary award based primarily on student financial need as demonstrated through an assessment of student financial resources and expenses for the applicable study period.
A certificate is generally a 30 credit program that takes 6-12 months of full-time studies to complete. A Certificate prepares students for a wide variety of employment categories. Some of KPU's certificate programs also allow students to progress into diploma and degree programs.
Certificate of Completion:
Success is not always measured by letter grades but through demonstration that a student has mastered a particular skill or learning objective. This type of learning at KPU is often formally recognized through a certificate of completion. Length of program varies.
Citations offer opportunities to work within a number of sectors including building construction, horticulture and metal trades. Length of a citation program is typically less than 6 months.
Confirmation Deposit:
A non-refundable, non-transferrable payment that signifies acceptance by the applicant of an offer of admission by the University.
Continuous Instructional Cycle:
Instructional offerings that utilize rolling admission whereby each student starts and ends courses on an individual basis. Continuous instructional cycle offerings have a limited number of seats that are continuously filled as space becomes available.
Convocation:
The ceremony where students are awarded and conferred credentials by the Chancellor of the University.
Co-operative Education:
Co-operative education gives students the opportunity to combine theory with on-the-job training. Co-op combines on-campus classes with periods of paid, off-campus, career-related work experience.
Co-requisite:
Course that must be taken at the same time, or previous to, a currently registered course (If taken previously, a minimum final grade of C is required to fulfill a co-requisite.).
Course Load:
The maximum course load is normally restricted to 17.5 credits per semester; however a student's average course load is typically 3 – 5 courses per semester. Some programs may require a specific course load.
The credential is awarded upon completion of the University's and the program's academic and curricular requirements. A credential can be a Certificate of Completion, Citation, Certificate, Diploma, Associate's Degree, Bachelor's Degree, Post-Baccalaureate Certificate, or Post-Baccalaureate Diploma. All formal KPU credentials must be approved by the University Senate.
Credits/Credit Hours/Semester Credit Hours:
A specific numerical value assigned to a course, generally corresponding to either the number of contact hours per week throughout the semester or to some other metric of student engagement. Most courses at KPU are 3 credits. Credit values for courses are used in the calculation of GPA and fees, as well as in the evaluation of credits required for a credential. A student that has accrued fewer than 30 credits is classified as a first-year student; a second-year student is one that has accrued between 30 and 59 credits; a third -year student is one that has accrued between 60 and 89 credits; and a fourth-year student is one that has accrued 90 or more credits.
CRN:
An acronym that stands for 'Course Reference Number'. This is the number that is attached to a specific section of a course and used to register in a particular section of a course.
Curriculum Effective Date:
The time at which the given set of requirements to graduate with a particular credential was initially implemented.
An educational administrative sub-unit of a Faculty and/or School within a university dealing with a particular field of knowledge.
Diploma:
A diploma is generally a 60 credit program that takes two years of full-time study to complete. A diploma enables graduates to pursue many different careers or progress into a Bachelor's Degree program.
Discontinuance:
Permanent closure of a program which includes removal from future academic calendars and cessation of admission or declaration to the designated program.
De-registering from a course before the end of the add/drop period (no record of the withdrawal is recorded on the student's transcript).
Elective:
A course which is freely selected by a student to fulfill degree requirements. All degree programs include some required classes and some electives. Electives may or may not be transferable to the chosen institution.
An educational administrative division constituted by the Board of the University. For example, the Faculty of Arts.
Faculty Member:
Instructors at KPU are known as faculty members.
Fixed Term:
A period of study that begins and ends on set dates that are usually different from KPU's regular semester dates. Generally applicable to Trades and Apprenticeship programs that have a limited number of seats and for which admission involves a selection process based on specific requirements.
Full-time:
A student who is enrolled in nine or more credit hours in a semester is considered to be full-time at KPU. The minimum course load to qualify for a student loan is nine post-secondary, undergraduate-level credits.
Grade Points:
A specific numerical value associated with the letter grade assigned to a course. Provides a basis for calculating grade point averages.
Grade Point Average (GPA):
A weighted average calculated by multiplying the grade points for a course by the number of semester credit hours assigned to that course, adding those values for a set of courses, and dividing the result by the total number of semester credit hours for those courses. Separate GPA calculations are made for each academic level.
Institutional Cumulative Grade Point Average (Institutional CGPA) The GPA calculated for all courses taken at KPU.
Program Grade Point Average (Program GPA) The GPA calculated for all courses applicable towards graduation with a specific credential.
Term Grade Point Average (Term GPA) The GPA calculated for all courses taken at KPU in a specific term.
Transfer Grade Point Average (Transfer GPA) The GPA calculated for all transfer and PLA courses.
Overall Grade Point Average (Overall GPA) The GPA calculated for all courses.
Graduation:
Is the term used to acknowledge that a student has met program requirements, and the credential has been audited by the Office of the Registrar and conferred by KPU's Senate.
Grant:
A monetary award that is provided to a student as targeted funding in support of specific student populations and their identified needs.
Incidental Fees:
Fees for discretionary services (such as transcripts, testing services, etc.), as well as fines and/or penalties.
A short work term where students complete a predetermined number of hours working in a position related to their field of study.
ITA-ID:
An acronym that stands for the Industry Training Authority Individual Identification Number, formerly known as the Trade Worker ID (TWID) number.
Late Registration Period:
The period after which the add/drop period has ended, for which registration in a course requires the permission of the instructor, Dean and/or University Registrar.
Limited Intakes:
Programs for which a limit has been set on the number of students admitted per application cycle.
Lower Division Requirements:
These are requirements that should be completed within the first 60 credits of a Baccalaureate degree; also referred to as 1st-year and 2nd-year requirements. Generally, these requirements are met with courses numbered 1100 - 2999.
A major is the principal subject or discipline of study within a Bachelor's degree.
Mandatory Student Fees:
Required fees other than tuition, including student fees (such as library, technology and student life fees), required course materials, and Kwantlen Student Association (KSA) fees.
Minor:
A minor is a secondary subject or discipline of study within a Bachelor's degree.
Open Intakes:
Programs for which a limit has not been set on the number of students admitted per application cycle.
Part-Time:
At KPU, a student who is registered in less than 9 credits hours of study in a semester is considered a part-time student.
All official policies related to being a student at KPU can be found at kpu.ca/policies. These include information about tuition fees, grades, and withdrawal from courses.
Post-Baccalaureate:
An academic program designed for those who already have an undergraduate degree or the equivalent. This is a focused addition to an undergraduate degree, to help enhance employment opportunities or prepare for graduate-level work. Length of program varies.
Preparatory:
Students can prepare for vocational or undergraduate studies by upgrading specific courses, or earn a specific preparatory credential.
Course that must be successfully completed previous to registering in a given course. For example, a student must successfully complete ENGL 1100 before registering in ENGL 2300. A prerequisite course must be completed with a minimum grade of C unless otherwise stated. Pre-requisite requirements can be found in the Course Description section of the University Calendar.
Prior Learning Assessment (PLA):
A process used to grant credits towards a certificate, diploma, or degree in recognition of learning gained through previous work, training, or informal experience.
A defined set of courses of instruction that lead to a credential approved by KPU Senate. A program or units of study also consists of a) a unit of study, under the governance of Senate, that results in the granting of a degree or a non-degree credential or b) a unit of study that constitutes the designation of major or minor, or c) a unit of study that constitutes a department.
Program Requirements:
Curricular stipulations that must be fulfilled by a student in order to become eligible to receive a particular credential.
Program Change:
Any changes to a program that require re-approval by Senate.
Program Suspension:
A temporary cessation of a program whereby students will not be admitted to or declare into a program for a defined period of time.
Red Seal:
This is the inter-provincial standard of excellence in the trades. An individual may get their Red Seal endorsement by successfully completing the required examination.
The process of enrolling in a specific course. At KPU this is done online for most courses.
Scholarship:
A monetary award based primarily on academic achievement and, in some cases, in combination with demonstrated leadership or community service.
An educational administrative division that may be constituted by the Board of the University to function in the full capacity of a Faculty. For example, the School of Business. Alternatively, a School may be an educational administrative unit which functions within a Faculty, similar to a Department.
Sponsoring Agency:
A third party agency providing sponsorship funding for KPU students.
Fees charged to cover the instruction of a learning activity, and not assignable to a service (related or otherwise) associated with the learning activity..
Undergraduate:
A student admitted to a post-secondary institution who has not yet earned a bachelor's or equivalent degree. Also, the level of post-secondary studies below a Master's degree.
University Calendar:
The University's official publication of academic programs, courses, and regulations. It includes all the academic programs at KPU, the requirements for admission, the curricular requirements for graduation, the dates of the academic terms, the fees, and University rules and regulations. It is published annually by the University Registrar and found online at: kpu.ca/calendar
Upper Division Requirements:
These are requirements that should be completed after the first 60 credits of a Baccalaureate degree; also referred to as 3rd-year and 4th-year requirements. Generally, these requirements are met with courses numbered 3000 - 5999.
Vocational:
A combination of education and training with an emphasis on practical skills and knowledge specific to a particular vocation or occupational field.
Withdraw:
To formally remove oneself from a class via the online registration system. If this is done prior to the posted deadline, a 'W' will be shown on the transcript, and the course will not be used in the calculation of the grade point average.


text:
PUBLISHED ON Oct 09 2017
Ann Bilodeau wanted a book to explain to her then-5-year-old daughter why she didn't believe in God, but such a book didn't exist.
So Bilodeau wrote her own.
What Do You Believe, Mama? (Mascot Books), an illustrated children's book, features a mother teaching her daughter lessons such as "Look for things that are true. Be open to ideas. Listen to your heart" and "You don't have to believe in God to be good."
"My daughter started asking questions," said Bilodeau, a Speech-Language Pathologist and Director of Butler University's Speech and Language Clinic. "All the kids around her asked her why she did not believe in God, and she would come home crying because they said she was going to hell. We have always been respectful of others and I wanted a book to help me share that message with her."
Bilodeau, a secular humanist, said that growing up, she attended a Methodist church—mainly on the holidays and special occasions. She never felt connected to a higher being, but she appreciated the moral lessons found in various religious ideologies, particularly the Golden Rule.
That is the advice she imparts in the book.
"I believe in caring for people with RESPECT, KINDNESS, ACCEPTANCE, FAIRNESS, and LOVE," she writes. "I believe in knowing right from wrong and making good choices."
"I wanted to find ways to teach her these important lessons—but from a secular perspective," Bilodeau said.
The book is illustrated by Stanley Burford, Bilodeau's aunt and a Herron School of Art professor emeritus.
"No children's book is any good without wonderful illustrations, and this is where my aunt comes in," Bilodeau said. "She completed these when she was 80 (she's now 82). She is an amazing woman and partnering with her on this project means the world to me."
What Do You Believe, Mama? is available through amazon.com, Barnes & Noble, and Books-a-Million.
"If we sell some and get the book—and the message—out there, I will be over the moon," Bilodeau said.
The Butler University Board of Trustees has elected seven new members—six of whom are Butler alumni.
The new trustees are Alex Anglin, Jana Fuelberth, Chris Gahl, Robin Lauth, Tom Mathers, Bill Soards, and Brian Stemme.
The trustees, who meet three times a year, are charged with fiscal and strategic oversight and governance of Butler University.
More about each new member follows.
Alexander A. "Alex" Anglin '10 is a Consultant within Eli Lilly and Company's API Manufacturing Finance division. He joined the company in 2014 and has served as a Senior Analyst and Associate Consultant in Lilly's Corporate Audit Services and Corporate Financial Planning functions.
He earned a B.S. in Accounting and is a Certified Public Accountant. While at Butler, Anglin was a member of the men's basketball team under Coach Brad Stevens as well as a member of the Spring Sports Spectacular Executive Board, an organization raising funds and awareness for Special Olympics Indiana.
He has formally served on the YMCA of Greater Indianapolis Avondale Meadows Advisory Board. Currently, he serves on the Indiana CPA Society's Diversity Initiatives Council and is an MBA Prep Class of 2018 Fellow with Management Leadership for Tomorrow, an organization that equips high-potential minority professionals with the skills necessary to lead organizations and communities worldwide.
His sister Kymbrielle Anglin '08 is a Butler alumna. His wife, Lindsey '11, is a Deputy Prosecuting Attorney in the Marion County Prosecutor's Office. She earned a B.A. in Electronic Media/Broadcast Journalism from Butler's College of Communication in 2011 and obtained her JD from IU McKinney School of Law in 2014. While at Butler, she was a member of the women's track and field team.
Jana E. Fuelberth '10 is President and Co-Founder of analytic.li, a human capital management analytics company that helps employers make data-driven people decisions by combining HR and business data. She is also the Co-Founder of HireCredit, an employer tax credit processor. Jana currently serves as Partner in Beyond Payroll.
She earned a B.S. in Marketing. She was a Butler Business Scholar, as well as a member of Kappa Alpha Theta and the Podium Expressions Program Board of the Student Government Association. She serves on the Young Alumni Board of Directors and is a current member of the Indianapolis Zoo Council.
Fuelberth has numerous family ties to Butler. Her brother, Ben Fuelberth, earned a B.S. in Marketing in 2008, and her sister-in-law Kate (Fuson) earned a B.S. in Elementary Education in 2008. Her late grandfather Robert "Bud" Laue (d. 1993) earned a B.S. in Business Administration from Butler in 1949.
Chris Gahl '00 earned a B.S. in Radio/TV. He has been Senior Vice President, Marketing and Communications for Visit Indy, the marketing organization for the city of Indianapolis, since 2005. He is a former member of Butler's Young Alumni Board of Directors and Alumni Board of Directors. He also has spoken at the University Convocation for the past few years.
A member of the 2012 Super Bowl Host Committee, Gahl helped spearhead promotion and media relations for Super Bowl XLVI. Previously, he was co-owner of a marketing firm in Hawaii, helping various tourism clients in the islands.
In 2013, Gahl was named a "40 Under 40" business leader by the Indianapolis Business Journal. In 2014, he was a member of the Stanley K. Lacy Leadership Class. In 2015, he co-chaired the city's Plan 2020 Love Indy committee. In 2016, he helped launch the city's Film Indy initiative, helping attract TV and film-related production to Indy.
Gahl serves on the St. Vincent Foundation Board of Directors and the Kurt Vonnegut Memorial Library Board of Directors. He and his wife, Catherine (Dunaway) '99, have two sons.
Robin S. (Robertson) Lauth '77, MS '82 earned her undergraduate and graduate degrees in Education. As an undergraduate, she was a member of Kappa Alpha Theta, the cheerleading squad, and was voted Homecoming Queen.
Lauth is President of the Lauth Family Foundation, Inc. She previously owned and managed the first three free-standing Vera Bradley retail stores and was an elementary school teacher at Our Lady of Mt. Carmel. She is Vice President of the Lake Maxincuckee Association and a member of the Junior League.
Her husband, Bob, is Chairman of Lauth Group, Inc., a national real estate development construction company based in Carmel, Indiana.
Thomas "Tom" Mathers is the Founder and Chairman of Déclion Holdings, a biopharmaceutical company focused on the discovery and development of innovative treatments for neurodegenerative diseases. Prior to Déclion, Tom was the President and CEO of CoLucid Pharmaceuticals, Inc., which focused on the development of lasmiditan for the acute treatment of migraine headaches. Eli Lilly and Company acquired CoLucid in March 2017 for $960 million.
Prior to joining CoLucid, Mathers was President and CEO of Peptimmune, Inc.; President and CEO of Cell Based Delivery, Inc.; Vice President and General Manager of Cardion AG; and Vice President of Strategic Development at Genzyme. For nine years, he has served on the Board of Directors for the Biotechnology Industry Organization where he is active in the policy areas of capital formation, bioethics, intellectual property, and regulatory policy.
Mathers earned a B.S. in Engineering from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1988. He went on to serve as a Captain in the United States Army and received several medals for his service as an AH-64 Apache helicopter pilot during the Gulf War.
Mathers and his wife, Michele, have two children, Savannah '20 (COPHS) and Tucker. Savannah is in Butler's new Healthcare and Business degree program and is a member of Butler's cheerleading squad and Delta Gamma sorority. Tucker graduated from Tufts with a degree in International Security and Arabic, and was the captain of the men's lacrosse team, winning two NCAA National Championships.
Bill Soards II '96 has been President of AT&T Indiana since October 2013. In this role, he is responsible for external affairs for AT&T in the state, including state and local government relations, community affairs, regulatory and legislative activities, and initiatives before the Indiana General Assembly and the Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission.
He earned a B.S. in Telecommunications from Butler's Jordan College of the Arts. He was awarded the Hilton U. Brown Alumni Achievement Award in 2004 and was also named to Butler's "50 Under 50" list that same year. As a student, he was a member of the Delta Tau Delta fraternity. He is also a past member of the Young Alumni Council and the Alumni Engagement Sub-Committee.
Soards' family ties to Butler run deep. His mother, Mary Lu Schroeder Pennington, earned both a B.S. and M.S. in Education from Butler's College of Education in 1990 and 1994 respectively; she is associated with the class of 1967. His stepfather, Kenneth Pennington, also earned his B.S. and M.S. from Butler's College of Education. Pennington played basketball for Butler under Coach Tony Hinkle and is a member of the BU Athletic Hall of Fame. His wife, Ann (Fulkerson) '95, earned a B.A. in Journalism.
Brian A. Stemme '91 is the Project Director for BioCrossroads, , a non-profit organization which stimulates the continued growth of Indiana's life sciences industry by investing in life sciences businesses and public-private partnerships, connecting local companies with resources and building awareness of the industry. As Project Director, Stemme works to identify and develop opportunities for growth within Indiana's sector, evaluate early-stage companies for BioCrossroads' venture capital fund and support the State's efforts to attract and grow life sciences companies. He is a Board member of biotechnology companies Algaeon and Allinaire, and a co-founder of Indy Science Connect. Prior to BioCrossroads, he worked for Eli Lilly and Company and Arthur Andersen.
Stemme earned his B.S. in Accounting with Honors from Butler and was selected for the Top 100 Outstanding Students Program and a member of President Bannister's inaugural Council on Presidential Affairs. He was a member of the Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity. He is a past Trustee and a former Alumni Board President.
Stemme's wife, Britt, is a domestic relations mediator. Brian and Britt have four children: Kathryn, a junior at the University of Louisville; Mark and Rachel, twins who are seniors in high school; and Frances, an eighth-grader.
Oct 04 2017 Read more
Published on Oct 04 2017 Read more
Arts & CultureCampus
BY Hannah Hartzell '17
One wall gets a new look — a painting depicting the front of Hinkle Fieldhouse.
Butler Director of Recreation Scott Peden was running on the track in the Health and Recreation Center (HRC) when he noticed the number of blank walls.
"I saw this particular wall," Peden said, referring to the north entrance, "and thought: 'We need to put something there.'"
So he turned to Chris Blice and John Edwards, who painted the mural in the Robertson Hall Johnson Boardroom as well as the historical mural in the Wildman Room in Hinkle Fieldhouse.
Peden proposed a medium-sized painting.
But Blice and Edwards were thinking big picture.
"They came back to me with a vision that was 10 times what I'd thought of," said Peden. "They wanted to make the entire wall a mural."
Blice and Edwards proposed creating a massive rendering of Hinkle Fieldhouse from the outside looking in. A glimpse of the Hinkle magic.
"We didn't want the colors to be overpowering or realistic, though," Edwards said. "It needed to blend in with the room."
The room, Peden said, is somewhere students often come to study or relax. He thinks the mural will enhance the soft space even further.
The new mural will hold special significance for the graduating class of 2010, which helped fund it. According to Peden, when the 2010 graduates couldn't decide what to do with their class gift money, they gave it to the HRC.
"The HRC meant so much," Peden said. "They were the first class to have use of it for four full years. They really valued it, and they also valued Hinkle."
When he contacted the 2010 class president and shared the idea, she was "extremely excited." The class gave its blessing and the Hinkle mural got the green light.
Blice and Edward began work on Monday, September 11, and they were still working on it as this story was being written.
In the meantime, they're discussing where they want to paint their next Butler mural. "It's very special," Blice said of the experience. "This is our neighborhood college and we love Butler."
"For me, it's nostalgic," Edwards said. "I grew up here. I've known Butler forever."
One wall gets a new look — a painting depicting the front of Hinkle Fieldhouse


Tall long haired, blue eyes. Lived in Derby and Nottingham. Went to John Port School and Notts Trent Poly.
Nee Vlahakis. Ennrica is a primary school teacher.
Nee Wellington. Ellen is Darren`s wife.
I am 56 and have lived in Essex for 28 years after marrying. I have 2 childre, 14 and 16. I went to Harrow County and left the sixth form in 1961 after a term because my parents moved.
Educated history in the UK. Former free lance lecturer in US institutions.


text:
from module import Module
import numpy as np

class SoftMax(Module):
    """docstring for LogSoftMax"""
    def __init__(self):
        super(SoftMax, self).__init__()

    def update_output(self, x):
        max_input = x.max(1, keepdims=True)
        z = np.exp(x - max_input)
        log_sum = np.sum(z, axis=1, keepdims=True)
        # log_sum = max_input + np.log(log_sum)
        self.output = z * 1/log_sum
        return self.output

    def update_grad_input(self, x, grad_output):
        _sum = np.sum(grad_output*self.ouput, axis=1, keepdims=True)
        self.grad_input = self.output * (self.grad_output - _sum)

        # max_input = x.max(1, keepdims=True)
        # log_sum = np.sum(np.exp(x - max_input), axis=1, keepdims=True)
        # log_sum = max_input + np.log(log_sum)
        # self.output = x - log_sum

        # self.grad_input = grad_output - np.exp(self.output)*_sum
        return self.grad_input

    def reset(self):
        pass

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: FDTD with numpy when I wrote my equations  to be solved in numpy array form, python calculate it much faster.
for example this program is in pure python and takes 560 seconds to run:
    from numpy import zeros
from scipy import weave

dx = 0.1
dy = 0.1
dx2 = dx*dx
dy2 = dy*dy

def py_update(u):
    nx, ny = u.shape
    for i in xrange(1,nx-1):
        for j in xrange(1, ny-1):
            u[i,j] = ((u[i+1, j] + u[i-1, j]) * dy2 +
                      (u[i, j+1] + u[i, j-1]) * dx2) / (2*(dx2+dy2))

def calc(N, Niter=100, func=py_update, args=()):
    u = zeros([N, N])
    u[0] = 1
    for i in range(Niter):
        func(u,*args)
    return u

but in numpy mode, it takes only 2.24 seconds
def num_update(u):
    u[1:-1,1:-1] = ((u[2:,1:-1]+u[:-2,1:-1])*dy2 +
                    (u[1:-1,2:] + u[1:-1,:-2])*dx2) / (2*(dx2+dy2))

Now I want to apply this to a FDTD problem, i have this two equations:
Ey[j+1,i]=Ey[j,i]-Alpha(Hz[j+1/2,i+1/2]-Hz[j+1/2,i-1/2])

Hz[j+1/2,i+1/2]=Hz[j-1/2]-Beta[Ey[j,i+1]-Ey[j,i]]

Ey & Hz are the electric and magnetic field components in 1D space.
and i want to write it in numpy array form like above.


The patient attention specialist designation is one that is applied to loosely send to many different types of unlicensed companies who work under the direction of a documented nurse and whose position is to execute tasks that not require the expert understanding or talent of a nurse or physician. Several claims formally manage experts because the responsibilities they've seldom represent significant threat of harm to patients. Though specialists can not perform independent of advanced personnel, their contributions to the healthcare process are a critical part in handling many people and ensuring that the public has the type of usage of treatment that they have arrive at expect. Individuals who are preparing to pursue a lifetime career as a specialist or assistant are well-advised to consider the responsibilities of different employment options in equally general and specialty aspects of exercise so the most correct course may be selected.
The healthcare system in the United Claims consists of numerous various limbs that provide varying products and services and services. Most facilities employ technicians to function in both basic and niche regions of practice. Although it is sometimes probable to secure employment in a specialty without prior patient treatment experience or formal credentials, most professionals must first total a few years of are a generalist before competitive for jobs in a specific specialty. A few of typically the most popular alternatives for people who haven't worked with individuals before contain things like nursing associate, medication benefit, home health guide, and medical assistant. These positions rarely need a school amount and present numerous options to master the basics of treatment while developing exposure to specialties of interest. Generalists usually talk with specialists while corresponding attention and have the opportunity to inquire about facets of the specialty in order to create a more informed decision about which path to follow in the future Jawahar Thomas.
While the tasks within the tech job description can vary between establishments, there are always a few responsibilities that people can expect to be accountable for no matter wherever they work. These often include things like vital indication series, bathing and feeding, dressing and taking, medical history paperwork, process planning, patient knowledge, and significantly more. These tasks are an essential element of looking after people who've been mentioned to the service and they are frequent in both standard and niche areas of practice. Because the specialist gains knowledge, they may be asked to just accept some administrative responsibilities such as education new professionals, scheduling people, and implementing quality improvement initiatives Jawahar Thomas.
Specialists who've worked with patients for some years in a entry-level position may possibly decide which they would like to advance their job and increase their getting possible by seeking employment in a specific section of practice. A number of the most used specialties for specialists include sections such as for instance surgery, radiology, cardiology, and nephrology. These fields control people which are regarded large risk or that suffer from chronic diseases that want long-term monitoring and treatment. While technicians in these specialties are responsible for jobs which can be special to the area, they should have a solid mastery of the basic principles of patient care. As well as the essential responsibilities related to caring for patients, specialists in many cases are necessary to administer diagnostic exams, provide an preliminary evaluation of examination quality, make individuals for procedures, and help with both invasive and noninvasive interventions. Several of those tasks may possibly need individuals to perform particular teaching and certification.
Healthcare is an incredibly diverse employment sector that allows persons to be selective concerning the field they wish to follow on the basis of the patient treatment specialist obligations that they want to perform. Those that want to enter the occupation are prompted to research different training areas therefore that they may find a posture that's suitable for equally their character and their career objectives. Opportunities to system with persons in various sections is one of the greatest approaches to gather data and find out about employment options that could be of curiosity down the road.


text:
Information For Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy
Book reviews, summaries, plot overviews, related videos. Here you can find any information you need to learn more about Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy.
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Lev Nikolajevič Tolstoj – Wikipedie
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Leo Tolstoy - Wikipedia
Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy , usually referred to in English as Leo Tolstoy, was a Russian writer who is regarded as one of the greatest authors of all time. He received nominations for the Nobel Prize in Literature every year from 1902 to 1906 and for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1901, 1902, and 1909. That he never won is a major controversy.
Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy - Wikipedia
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Overview Origins Life and career Personal life Novels and fictional works Critical appraisal by other authors Religious and political beliefs Death
Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy - Wikipedia
Leo Tolstoy | Russian writer | Britannica
Nov 16, 2021 · Leo Tolstoy, Tolstoy also spelled Tolstoi, Russian in full Lev Nikolayevich, Graf (count) Tolstoy, (born August 28 [September 9, New Style], 1828, Yasnaya Polyana, Tula province, Russian Empire—died November 7 [November 20], 1910, Astapovo, Ryazan province), Russian author, a master of realistic fiction and one of the world's greatest novelists.
Tolstoy Ghosted His Wife Then Up and Died - Atlas Obscura
Feb 15, 2019 · Her husband, Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy, arguably the nation's most famous writer, was restlessly pacing in the next room at their home estate, Yasnaya Polyana, about 100 miles south of Moscow....
Leo Tolstoy - Books, Quotes & War and Peace - Biography
Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy - Wikisource, the free online library
Two Hussars (Два гусара, 1856) (transcription project)A Morning of a Landed Proprietor (Утро помещика (1856)), from an unfinished novel Tolstoy intended to entitle A Russian Proprietor.(transcription project)Albert (Альберт, 1858), translated by Louise and Aylmer MaudePolikushka: The Lot of a Wicked Court Servant (Поликушка, 1862) (transcription project)
52 Sensational Leo Tolstoy Quotes to Remember (2021 ...
"A man is like a fraction whose numerator is what he is and whose …
"All, everything that I understand, I understand only because I love." – Leo …
"Everyone thinks of changing the world, but no one thinks of changing …
"I think… if it is true that there are as many minds as there are heads, then …
"If, then, I were asked for the most important advice I could give, that which I …
"Just as one candle lights another and can light thousands of other candles, …
"Only people who are capable of loving strongly can also suffer great sorrow, …
"Seize the moments of happiness, love and be loved! That is the only reality …
"The only thing that we know is that we know nothing and that is the highest …
"True life is lived when tiny changes occur." – Leo Tolstoy.
Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy – Wikipedia tiếng Việt
Bá tước Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy' (tiếng Nga: Лев Николаевич Толстой; phiên âm: Lép Ni-cô-lai-ê-vích Tôn-xtôi, 28 tháng 8 năm 1828 – 20 tháng 11 năm 1910) , là một tiểu thuyết gia người Nga, nhà triết học, người theo chủ nghĩa hoà bình, nhà cải cách giáo dục, người ăn chay, người theo chủ nghĩa vô chính phủ, tín hữu Cơ Đốc giáo, nhà tư tưởng đạo đức và là một thành viên có ảnh hưởng …
Tổng quan Tiểu sử Sự nghiệp Tôn giáo và đức tin chính trị Xem thêm Liên kết ngoài
The 10 Books By Leo Tolstoy You Have To Read
Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy Quotes (Author of Anna Karenina)
20 quotes from Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy: 'Все разнообразие, вся прелесть, вся красота жизни слагается из тени ...
18 Leo Tolstoy Quotes that Explore All Life's Aspects
Nov 26, 2018 · Best known for his two longest works, War and Peace and Anna Karenina, Leo Tolstoy (in full Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy) was a Russian writer who is regarded as one of the greatest authors of all time.
Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy (1828 - 1910) - Genealogy
Nov 10, 2020 · Leo Tolstoy, or Count Lyev Nikolayevich Tolstoy was a Russian writer whom many consider to be the world's greatest novelist. His masterpieces War and Peace and Anna Karenina represent, in their scope, breadth and vivid depiction of 19th-century Russian life and attitudes, the peak of realist fiction.
Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy - Texas Tech University
Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy 1. Born 1828. Dies 1910. Decembrist (1825, nobility) and Communist (1917, proletariat). We have spoken of the 19th century purely in terms of the artistic movements that were common in the age. Beginning with Romanticism and moving to realism. But we should at least briefly mention some of the
Who Is Leo Tolstoy?
Tolstoy was born at Yasnaya Polyana, a family estate 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) southwest of Tula, Russia, and 200 kilometres (120 mi) south of Moscow. He was the fourth of five children of Count Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy (1794–1837), a veteran of the Patriotic War of 1812, and Countess Mariya Tolstaya (née Volkonskaya; 1790–1830). After his mother died when he was two and his father …
Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy - zxc.wiki
Lev Tolstoy came from the Russian aristocratic family of the Tolstois . He was the fourth of five children. His father was the Russian Count Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy (1794–1837), his mother Marija Nikolajewna, née. Princess Volkonskaya (1790-1830). When he was an orphan at the age of nine, his father's sister took over the guardianship.
Biography of Leo Tolstoy, Russian Writer - ThoughtCo
How to pronounce Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy | HowToPronounce.com
Dec 17, 2019 · lev nikolayevich tolstoy Add phonetic spelling Meanings for Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy He is a Russian writer who has gained immense recognition for his book "War and Peace". Add a meaning Wiki content for Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy Translations of Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy Spanish : Lev Nikoláyevich Tolstói
Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy | Tardis | Fandom
Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy was a count and envoy in the Russian Army during the Crimean War (1853-1856). He later became a famous author. In November 1854, he was put in charge of Ace, whom he believed to be a British spy. He fell in love with her and was annoyed when she was transferred to another prison. Before she left, she kissed him. She then took him hostage and …
Lev Tolstoi - Wikipedia
Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy Essay Examples - Download Free or ...
Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy was a Russian writer and moral philosopher. He was one of the world's greatest novelists. His writings greatly influenced much of 20th-century literature, and his moral teachings helped shape the thinking of several important spiritual and political leaders.Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy was born in 1828 into a family ...
Where Love is, There God is Also - Kindle edition by ...
Where Love is, There God is Also - Kindle edition by Tolstoy, Lev Nikolayevich . Download it once and read it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading Where Love is, There God is Also.
Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy: Political and Legal Views and ...
Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy, a world-famous writer, the author of the novels "War and Peace", "Anna Karenina", "Resurrection" and others, severely criticized unfair social system, ruling classes and public church for whom he always was a "rebel"
Leo Tolstoy (Author of Anna Karenina) - Goodreads
Liev Tolstói – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre
Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy | Article about Lev Nikolayevich ...
The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased. Tolstoy, Leo (Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoi). Born Aug. 28 (Sept. 9), 1828, at Iasnaia Poliana, now in Shchekino Raion, Tula Oblast; died Nov. 7 (20), 1910, at the Astapovo station on the Ria-zan'-Ural'sk railroad line, now Leo Tolstoy Station ...
Leo Tolstoy, Epilogue to The Kreutzer Sonata
by Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy 1890 In the translation by Professor Leo Wiener 1904 Distributed by the Tolstoy Library. I have received many letters from strangers asking me to explain in simple and clear words what I think of the subject of the story which I wrote under the title of the *Kreutzer Sonata*.
Youth Annotated eBook : Nikolayevich Tolstoy, Lev: Amazon ...
Youth Annotated eBook : Nikolayevich Tolstoy, Lev: Amazon.ca: Kindle Store. Skip to main content.ca. Hello Select your address Kindle Store Hello, Sign in. Account & Lists Returns & Orders. Cart All. Best Sellers Deals Store Prime New Releases ...
Count Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy Writer and Thinker 1828-1910 Vladimir Chertkov (1854-1936) and the Tolstoyans Meets Tolstoy in 1883 1884 becomes publisher of Tolstoy's and others' work in popular cheap editions Educational projects for moral improvement After Tolstoy's death edits his work Vladimir Chertkov (1854-1936) and the Tolstoyans Meets Tolstoy in 1883 1884 …
Leo Tolstoy, The Kreutzer Sonata - University of Minnesota
by Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy First Published in 1889 Translation by Louise and Aylmer Maude Distributed by the Tolstoy Library OnLine But I say unto you, that everyone that looketh on a woman to lust after her hath committed adultery with her already in his heart. Matt. v. 28. The disciples say unto him, If the case of the man is so with his ...
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Some interesting facts you may not know about Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy
Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy, usually referred to in English as Leo Tolstoy, was a Russian writer who is regarded as one of the greatest authors of all time. He received nominations for the Nobel Prize in Literature every year from 1902 to 1906 and for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1901, 1902, and 1909. That he never won is a major controversy.
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