text:
Available in Packages: PRESENT Podiatry Board Review w/ Boards By The Numbers PRESENT Complete Podiatric CME Online
Section: CME Category: Practice Management
Coding, Compliance, and Documentation for Foot Care
Jeffrey Lehrman, DPM, FASPS, MAPWCA, CPC,
Jeffrey Lehrman, DPM discusses the list of codes for performing shave, punch, and excision biopsies. Dr Lehrman also compares between fine needle aspiration with puncture of a bulla and routine foot care with mycotic nail debridement.
List the codes for performing shave, punch, and excision biopsies
Compare between fine needle aspiration and puncture of a bulla
Compare between routine foot care and mycotic nail debridement
Jeffrey Lehrman, DPM, FASPS, MAPWCA, CPC has disclosed that he is a consultant for Smith & Nephew, AmerX, Molnlycke, Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation, Wounds, AI, Orpyx Medical Technologies, is a speaker for BSN Medical, Organogenesis and is an officer/director for American Podiatric Medical Association.
Unidentified Male Speaker 1: All right, let's get into the next one. I know I'm rushing but I started late here and I'm trying to finish on time. Foot care, meaning, toenails and calluses, is the number one service that podiatrists provide by far. Number two isn't anywhere close and it is essential that we are compliant in how we do this. That we code correctly, that we document correctly and we are compliant in doing this.
The ratio of how much we do this to how terribly we document inappropriately code is way off. We should be way better at this with the volume of it that we are providing. So that's why I wanted to do this here. There are some younger people in the room and I know most people know this, but just to be thorough, Medicare is a national program, but it is administered on a local level by Medicare contractors. There are seven Medicare contractors in the country. Noridian is one of seven, Part B and that's what we care about for these purposes.
Medicare contractors, if you aren't in any of these States, you fall under Noridian. Everything I'm going to talk about here is Noridian-specific, because I thought most of us would be California here today. If you happen to have come from far away and you're not in any of these States, most of these still applies to you anyway because most of it is carried over. But if you are Noridian, you do have some specific things that are different than the entire rest of the country, and we'll hit on that.
This is the most important slide of the entire hour that I have with you, maybe other than the 11100 being deleted. When it comes to providing foot care and by foot care, I mean nails and calluses. There are three different policies that you need to be aware of, three different policies.
If you cut a toenail or you shave down a callus, the first question is, "Which of the three policies applies to this visit?" That's the very first question that you should ask yourself. We are going to go through each of these three policies in depth. And my goal is that 25 minutes from now, you have this perfect and you never mess this up for the rest of your career. Because like I said, way too many of us are getting this wrong. Three different policies.
When it comes to nail cutting, there are two different policies that are unrelated, separate and have nothing to do with each other. And this is so often messed up, where people pull one from the other and overlap the two, and maybe they pull some components from one and some components from the other in an attempt to qualify the patient. And in doing so, don't qualify them at all, and then they lose their audit.
So there was a third one, which doesn't deal with nails. When cutting toenails, there are two completely separate unrelated policies. We don't like to use the word "routine foot care" because we are saving patient's limbs and lives, and routine is what happens at the mall. Unfortunately, that's the name of the policy. So we got to go with it for these purposes.
Routine foot care is when somebody qualifies by having an at-risk diagnosis and class findings, at-risk diagnosis and class findings. By the routine foot care pathway, there is no mention of pain, no need for pain and no mention of onychomycosis. I'm going to say it again. I'm repeating it because we have too many people getting his wrong. Routine foot care pathway, at-risk diagnosis, class findings, nothing about pain, nothing about onychomycosis.
The completely separate, unrelated and different pathway by which somebody can qualify to get their toenails cut by the podiatrist, is debridement of mycotic nails. This one is in the absence of a qualifying diagnosis and/or class findings. They have onychomycosis and one of three secondary diagnoses. Onychomycosis, plus one of three secondary diagnoses, which will go through – the three are slightly different, whether they're ambulatory or non-ambulatory, and I'm going to do this in more detail when we get to it.
But the bottom line is because I – if I were sitting there, I would be thinking, "What are the three?" It's pain, limitation of ambulation or secondary infection, but we'll list those out on a slide. So two different pathways, routine foot care, at-risk diagnosis plus class findings. No need for pain, no need for onychomycosis.
The other pathway, onychomycosis plus one of three secondary diagnoses. I suggest that the great majority of your foot care patients should qualify via the routine foot care pathway and not the debridement of mycotic nails pathway. Because those secondary diagnoses I think just aren't present that often. Not saying it can't happen, but how often is somebody's mycotic toenail is so bad that it's limiting their ability to ambulate? Certainly six of them when we get to the 11721 code, right? So my opinion is that the majority of the time, they should be qualifying via the routine foot care pathway. We're going to go through both of this.
And then the third one, starting with routine foot care. They need to have a qualifying diagnosis. There are only five qualifying diagnoses, they got to have one. These are the first four. The fifth one is on the next slide.
First one is diabetes. I think options two, three and four really just fancy ways of saying PAD, right? Different types of PAD. So these are the first four. The fifth one is neuropathy, one big bullet there of neuropathy and then all these other types of neuropathy. So the routine foot care pathway, they have to have one of these five qualifying diagnoses. Notice that some have an asterisk. If the qualifying diagnosis that you use has an asterisk, patient needs to have seen the MD or DO for that asterisk problem within the last six months or shortly after your service.
They don't define shortly after, who knows. To me, it's a couple of weeks, we get to decide that, make it reasonable. Other parts of the country, right? I talked to you about the different Medicare contractors have MD, DO or non-physician practitioner like NP or PA. You guys don't have that in any of the Noridian States. So if your friend in Minnesota says, "Oh, no, it's fine if they see the NP." Not for you. It has to be an MD or DO who treated that asterisk condition in the time period that's listed here. If it does not have an asterisk like the PAD ones, you don't have to worry about this.
Routine foot care pathway, they have to have qualifying diagnosis and class findings. I think this room know this, right? One A or two Bs or one B plus two Cs , if it's Medicare and they qualify via the routine foot care pathway, you need the appropriate cue modifier which matches up with these class finding to indicate which class findings they had.
More people are writing than I expected, which is great. That's why we're here. So I'm slowing down. Normally, I'll blow through this. But that's cool, nothing wrong with that. That's why we're here. And there are younger people who are newer to this. One A or two Bs, or one B and two Cs. What are the A, Bs, Cs? Here they are.
The A is a non-traumatic amp. They got something cut off for a reason other than trauma. I've been doing this a long time. And for the first time ever, somebody asked me, "How can you have a non-traumatic amputation? Isn't it by definition that procedure sort of traumatic?" So now I'm adding the explanation of what is meant by that. They got something cut off for a reason other than getting ran over by a dump truck, right? Like gangrene or something. That's your A.
The Bs are below. There are three Bs. One is a non-palpable PT pulse, one is a non-palpable DP pulse. The third B requires the presence of three out of the five bullets that are listed under that third B. So to have one B of advanced trophic changes, you need to have three of those little bullets beneath them. Three of those bullets constitute one B.
So remember, our Q8 was two Bs. I see this all the time. Patient has non-palpable DP pulse and pale skin with decreased hair growth. Do we have two Bs? No, we do not have two Bs. We got the non-palpable DP pulse. That's one. But then, the other thing that they listed was pale skin and decreased hair growth. We didn't get there. You need three of those to get that second B.
And then, the Cs, you see listed as well. I'll say it again, one A or two Bs, or one B plus two Cs by any combination. And this is a very important point now. Again, two pathways. Routine foot care pathway or debridement of mycotic nails pathway. If they qualify via the routine foot care pathway by having at-risk diagnosis and class findings, there are four, not one, four nail cutting codes that should be considered and you should be using all four of this. Too many people do 11721 every single time. That is begging for trouble. That is a major red flag. Four nail cutting codes, you should be using all of them.
There may certainly be a bell curve, there is for me. But you're going to see all of these patients throughout the year, right? Four different codes, you should be choosing from all of them. The word onychomycosis is nowhere in the description of these codes. Somehow, our profession, many of us think that 1172 says debridement of mycotic nails. It doesn't. There does not need to be onychomycosis present in order to use 11721. So, I'm going to repeat what I said. If they qualify via routine foot care, if they qualify via at-risk diagnosis and class findings, don't need to have pain, don't need to have onychomycosis.
Too many people start every single, every 62-day note with, diabetic patient presents with painful nails. They're not painful. They're there because it's day 63 and it was time to come get their nails cut.
Don't document that they were complaining of pain if they weren't. You're looking for trouble, especially when you don't have to. These are the codes that we have available to us. Trimming is defined as a reduction in length. Debridement is defined as a reduction in bulk, and that's all they give us. It doesn't say you have to use a Dremel. But by some means, you certainly can. By some means, you have to reduce the bulk of the nail. Maybe a turn on the nail, nipper on the side, and hit it on an angle and that reduces the bulk. Someone, you reduced the bulk and document that you reduced the bulk.
11719 is a trimming of non-dystrophic nails, which means they were totally normal and there was nothing weird about them. G0127 is trimming of dystrophic nails, meaning they didn't need to be debrided but they needed to be trimmed and they were funky, there was something weird about them. They don't delineate what needs to be. They call it dystrophic, in my mind, it's something weird. And then we have our debridement options, nothing about onychomycosis.
We know we see plenty of big, thick, giant nails that need to be debrided that don't have onychomycosis because they dropped the bowling ball on it six years ago or it's a hygiene thing or whatever. You can combine 11720 with either of the two codes above it. You cannot combine 11721 with anything else on this list. I find in my practice many people require bilateral hallux debridement and the other eight only need to be trimmed. And if that's what you do, that's what you should code.
So for those that have being doing 11721 every single time, this requires a little more work. Now, you have to count how many were dystrophic, how many were non-dystrophic, how many needed to be trimmed, how many needed to be debrided and you need to document all of that. Which ones were dystrophic? Which ones were not? Which ones were trimmed? Which ones were debrided?
You will have – I'm not saying don't ever use 11721. You will have 10 gross nails that all need to be debrided, but keep track of what they had, document what they had and code what you did. One more time. You can combine 11720 with one of the other two above it. You cannot combine 11721. So if you debride six and trim four, it's 11721 only. People always ask, well, if you combine them, which one gets the 59 modifier or X, which we can talk about during Q&A if you want to. The CCI edit tells us when you combine these two, the 59 modifier goes on the G0127 code. So if you debride for example two and you trim eight dystrophic, which is what the majority of my people are, although again, there is a bell curve. This is the appropriate coding with the appropriate Q code to indicate the class finding.
If they qualify via routine foot care, at-risk diagnosis and class findings, they are also covered for callus debridement. And you can and should pair their calluses and code for that. We are aware of the people that aren't paying the calluses with the nails and all of that business. We could talk about that later if you want. This is the proper way to code for that. So that was the routine foot care pathway. At-risk diagnosis, class findings, no mention of onychomycosis, no mention of pain in my opinion is that should be most of them.
Now, there is another pathway, unrelated pathway by which people can qualify for nail care. And that is the debridement of Mycotic Nails Policy, which says, they must have onychomycosis and one of three secondary diagnosis with that.
If they are ambulatory, the three options are – and these are three things caused by the mycotic nail, which again is a bad toenail we're talking about, right? Or nails, plural. Onychomycosis plus either marked limitation of ambulation due to that nail, pain or secondary infection. That's the list of their ambulatory. If they are non-ambulatory, like maybe somebody laying in a nursing home, they must have onychomycosis and one of three secondary diagnoses. This people's list
is different by one and that it is pain, or secondary infection, or this toenail is so bad that it is compromising the patient's activities of daily living.
Now, if they're non-ambulatory, I think that shortens their list of activities of daily living, but they're still doing – they're still brushing their teeth. But again, you see what I mean about, this is a very bad toenail that's going to impact these non-ambulatory patients' activities of daily living. If they qualify via this pathway with onychomycosis and one of the secondaries, what's the name of the whole policy? Debridement of mycotic nails, which means if they qualify via this pathway with onychomycosis and one of the three secondaries, we can only use the debridement codes. The two that are listed here. It's debridement of mycotic nails is the name of the policy, we can only code debridement.
Then we come to the third policy. And then the question is always, it came up in the prior talk, do we have to send specimen? For Noridian States, the answer is no definitely, no question.
If you're in any of the Noridian States that we listed, including Part B, including California, you do not have to send specimen that says, "Clinical evidence." You have to document that onychomycosis and you should have a good, healthy description of it, right? Thickness, color, subungual debris, odor, whatever you do to document the presence of that onychomycosis. Your friends in other States, in other parts of the country via that pathway, do have to send. I have to send in Colorado. You do not in California. If you want to diagnose what they have because you want to consider treatment, by all means, do it. We're just saying, just to qualify them by that pathway, you don't have to send.
Then, this third policy, which is unique to Noridian, the Noridian States are the only ones in the country that have this. So when you have a friend in New York that says, "You can only trim a callus if they have diabetes" or whatever they say. It's different for you and it is a good thing. This is cool that you guys have this. This deals with pairing of systemic hyperkeratosis, which in our language, at least for me is corns and calluses. Just unique to Noridian, they do not need to have an at-risk condition via this pathway. They need to have a corn or a callus and it must be symptomatic. They have to be complaining of symptoms. There's got to be something there, not just, "Can you remove that thick thing on my baby toe? It's got to hurt." Right? Or it makes it difficult to walk or limit shoe gear.
The presence of a hyperkeratosis with documented symptoms, you can take care of that callus, interesting little thing in your policy if you take care of that callus by debriding it. That's the word that I use, but we agree, you take scalpel and get rid of it.
I'm having a hard time not using the word shave, because that's part of my vocabulary, and part of my documentation but that's a very important point here. If you pair a callus by this pathway, it says right in the LCD, this is not for shaving, excision or destruction. Because in their mind, those are different codes. We call it – I shaved down a callus sub 1 on that patient. Don't do that in your documentation because they are not covered under this policy for callus care if you shave it. It has to be pairing or cutting. It's not my language when taking care of calluses, but it should be yours when documenting this via this policy to get them covered for their symptomatic calluses.
In order for them to be covered under this policy, you need to have two things. One of the lists on the left and one of the lists on the right, which is pretty simple. That's a long list on the left, there's 19 of them there, but there's two really important ones for our purposes. One is calluses, LA4.0 and the other is keratomas because that's when we're doing this, right? QA2.8.
So, this is the patient who, right, like the healthy, 45-year-old person that wears tight shoes, that has a painful corn on their dorsal right fifth PIPJ. Rest of the country can't get paid for that, you guys can, right? Because they have one of the lists on the left and one of the lists on the right and the easy ones there are pain. So systemic hyperkeratosis, that's the third pathway. Again, three different pathways. If you cut somebody's toenails and/or shave a callus, you have to ask yourself, which of these three pathways do they qualify under?
Code it properly and document it properly. Do you guys have something else before people ran out? Is there like a raffle or something? Can I take two minutes of questions because I feel like there are some? Doctor?
Unidentified Male Speaker 2: [Off-Mic].
Unidentified Male Speaker 1: Okay. So Doctor said, "What if you use the word reduction of calluses via that third pathway?" I think it is acceptable. My suggestion to you is use their words. They gave you two, that's very much what the auditor is looking for. And when an auditor shows up, this is probably going to be on their piece of paper. I wouldn't leave it up to them to trust them to interpret it. Now, most auditors are somewhat reasonable and you could say, "Come on. What do you think I meant by reduction?" But why chance it? I would use their words in their face and they know – you know, this doc knows what's up. Please?
Unidentified Female Speaker 1: [Off-Mic].
Unidentified Male Speaker 1: I didn't hear you. The 11719?
Unidentified Female Speaker 1: [Off-Mic]
Unidentified Male Speaker 1: Okay. So the question was, 11719 is trimming of a non-dystrophic toenail via the routine foot care pathway, which diagnosis should be pointing to that? It is the diagnosis that qualify them. So we showed the list of the five potential qualifying diagnoses. One of those five should be the one pointing to the 11719. I do a secondary of L60.8 for hypertrophy of nail, you don't have to. There were some – doctor?
Unidentified Male Speaker 1: Yeah.
Unidentified Male Speaker 1: Doctor asked, if somebody has really thick painful nails, and that's their only thing, is that there's pain and the nails are mycotic?
Unidentified Male Speaker 4: No, dystrophic.
Unidentified Male Speaker 1: Okay. So this is a good one, right? So thick, crazy nails that require debridement, they don't have onychomycosis. Maybe you sent specimen and it came back negative. They don't have class findings. They don't have a qualifying at-risk diagnosis. Even though they're really, really, really thick, and even though they're painful, in the absence of mycosis, and class findings, and at-risk diagnosis, is that covered? It's not covered, right? Two different pathways. One is class findings plus qualifying diagnosis. The other is onychomycosis plus one of the three secondaries.
If they're really awful and they require debridement and they're painful, but there's no onychomycosis, it's not covered. Is that fair? No, it's crazy because they can't do it themselves and I wouldn't want the person at the nail salon doing it for those thick, crazy nails. But if it's not mycotic, it's not covered. That is further complicated by the fact that we get, and the labs tells us this, a lot of false negatives. So send good specimens. Too often, that stump doesn't grow, it comes back negative. Now, they're not covered. That is a cash service. In my line, that works. Always blame it on them, right? Don't say, "I can't do it. We can't do it." I say, "The rules are crazy. The rules are terrible but given what you have here, they don't cover it. I have little kids. My wife is going to be mad if I go to prison. We follow the rules and I want to do this for you. I think you should have it done. But if you do it here, they make you pay cash for it."
They, of course it's me, but that's my line. I find that it works. It normally gets a smile and I've had no problems with it. Now, when they say, "But the person I was going to for the last five years did it." Well, sure, they weren't making up class findings over there or something, right? I'd say, "I can't speak for what they were doing down the road. I know the rules really well. I follow them and that's how we roll here." And if they don't like that, you don't want them anyway. Let them go somewhere else.
Unidentified Male Speaker 1: Okay. The question was about mycotic versus dystrophic. There are two different pathways. One is routine foot care, one is mycotic nail debridement. If they qualify via routine foot care, dystrophic is fine, right? We talked about all the different definitions.
Unidentified Male Speaker 1: Let me finish that thought. If they qualify via the mycotic nail debridement pathway, they must have onychomycosis. Dystrophy gets you nothing via the mycotic nail debridement pathway.
Unidentified Male Speaker 1: Okay. So Doctor asked, we said that via the mycotic nail debridement pathway, you needed to have clinical evidence of onychomycosis. Is dystrophy clinical evidence of onychomycosis? Dystrophy alone, no. They're looking for color, odor, debris, thickness.
Unidentified Male Speaker 5: How about thickness and discoloration?
Unidentified Male Speaker 1: All right. So Doctor said, what about thickness and discoloration? I think an auditor would buy it. But why cheat it, right? If it's mycotic, it's mycotic. Document them. Why do two if you could do five, right? Yellow discoloration, subungual debris, crumbling on debridement, characteristic of smell consistent with onychomycosis. Make it very clear to them that you're doing what needs to be done. Please?
Unidentified Male Speaker 6: So how would you feel like you can't separate?
Unidentified Male Speaker 1: Oh, okay. I have a 30-minute lecture on this, which I'm not going to do right now. The question was, brand-new patient gets their toenails cut but they also get a 99203. If the only diagnosis pointing to the nail care is the qualifying diagnosis, because it was 11719, what do you point to the 99203?
Unidentified Male Speaker 6: You repeated the question.
Unidentified Male Speaker 1: I know, I repeated it so everybody else could hear. For new and established patients, let me change my emphasis. For established and new patients, you cannot code an E&M along with the procedure unless that E&M is separately identifiable from the procedure, established and new. Which means, there is no such thing as an automatic E&M along with the nail care just because they were new.
Now, I have had zero visits in my career of 17 years where I have a new nail patient that didn't get an E&M, but you have to follow the rules. Just because they're new, it doesn't automatically mean they get an E&M. There must be a separately identifiable E&M. Like I said, I have another 28 minutes to define that.
But briefly stated, separately identifiable means, you can pull all of the components of the E&M out of that note and separate them from the procedure components and put it somewhere else, and you would still have a full E&M over here and a full procedure over here with no overlap. And the great majority of the time, in order to have that, you have to have a different diagnosis and your note needs to support that.
If the plan, SOAP, if the P of your SOAP note on this new patient visit is, patient has class finding and is at risk for pedal pathology, therefore I trim toenails one through ten and they should come in ever 61 days for that. That's a procedure note. There's no M. To have the E&M, you need the M, you need to manage something. So, maybe it is onychomycosis. The first time, you can certainly manage that. Potential ideologies, treatment options, risk and benefits of these treatment options, considerations for treatment. I do a lot of xerosis, hyperhidrosis, tinea pedis, crooked toes, so all kinds of stuff.
If you get done with all the nail stuff and nothing has come up and you say – and don't cringe because this is good care. And you say, "Is there anything else you've always wanted to ask about, about your feet or lower legs?" Are they going to say something? Heck yeah, they are. So there's your separately identifiable E&M.
Or even a little crooked toe, right? I see your baby toe is crooked, how's that – and they go, "No, no, no, I don't want – I just want my nails cut." "Okay, cool. Just so you know, that's a hammered toe. If it ever bugs you, you could do wider shoes, put a pad on it. If it's ever a problem, let me know. There are options." You just managed a hammer toe.
Unidentified Male Speaker 1: Doctor asked, "Would you put a 25 modifier on the separately identifiable E&M?"
For the most part, and now this is a CCI edit lecture, for the most part, only if they are established and you don't need to do it if they're new. There are some exceptions to that but the real answer comes in looking at the CCI edits. Established, yes, most of the time. Most of the time for new, you don't have to. Let's do one more. Please?
Unidentified Male Speaker 1: Yeah. Right.
Unidentified Male Speaker 1: Okay. Doctor asked, "We only – the LCD, your LCD only lists five qualifying diagnosis. Does mean we shouldn't be using others?" They must have one of those five diagnosis, and you have to document the presence of one of those five. The four that were on the first page and then one of that long list of different types of neuropathy.
Unidentified Male Speaker 1: Right.
Unidentified Male Speaker 1: Right. Doctor said, "But I've seen online really, really long lists of qualifying diagnoses." Which is why my very first slide was to talk about the fact that there are different carriers in the country, seven of them. New Jersey has a really, really, really long list. Minnesota has a different list. You, your list in all of those Noridian States, I put them up there, California, Nevada, Arizona, whatever it was, five options.
National articles that list long things can't cover all the different regions because there's seven of them, so your patients need to have one of those five. Thanks for your attention, guys.
TAPE ENDS - [34:09]


The triathlon consists of 20 lengths of Wotton Pool, followed by a 21km bike ride and concludes with a 4km run around the town. This event is aimed at novices, and is designed to be welcoming for those who are keen to undertake their first triathlon.
You may not have considered a triathlon before, or perhaps you've always wanted to give one a go. If it's been a while since you've run/cycled/swum, or you're not sure how you'll jump on your bike after a splash up and down Wotton Pool, don't let that put you off.
The organisers of Wotton Triathlon set up some familiarisation sessions for the bike route and the all-important transition to help you feel prepared on the day. With the pool opening on 14 April for the summer, you've got lots of time to start practicing.
* Please note, routes are still a little provisional at the moment. But we'll let you know if they change!
When you arrive you will need to check in with the registration desk 45 minutes before your wave starts. It is located at Bluecoat School. Once checked in, you can secure your bike ready for transition and proceed up the road to Wotton Swimming Pool to attend the race briefing and start the race.
Don't forget: bring your helmet, or we wont let you start!
This year the transitions and event infrastructure will be based around the Bluecoat School in Wotton. This is where you should head to on the morning of the race, and there will be refreshements available for competators and spectators.
Regrettably there isn't any parking at the school. So we ask that visiting athletes find a space in the town before heading to the school to drop off bikes.
*Entry is free, so we ask you to raise money in lieu of an entry fee.
The money raised goes to the community open air swimming pool in Wotton, which is run by volunteers and relies on the generosity of the community to keep it open.
Please use the link below to set up your sponsorship page.
British Triathlon allows entries at Junior level from 17, with parental consent. Therefore, if you are 17 on the day of the event you can enter, but we will need a parent's consent.
Unfortunately we cannot accept entrants under 15 years old.
If you are aged between 15 and 17, you can be part of a relay team, but for Wotton Triathlon you cannot do the cycle leg. You will need written parental consent, which includes specific detail of the participation proposed.
Wotton Triathlon wouldn't be possible if it weren't for the hard work of our volunteers, and the support of our lovely sponsors. Huge thanks to all of them for their help in getting the event to happen.
If you'd like to get involved with Wotton Triathlon as a volunteer, please get in touch here.
Novices are not only welcomed, they're encouraged!


text:
Pundravardhana
(Redirected from Pundra Kingdom)
"Pandea" redirects here. For the genus of hydrozoa, see Pandea (hydrozoan).
unknown (?~1280 BCE)–unknown (?~300 BCE)
Mahasthangarh
Common languages
Vedism
• Established
unknown (?~1280 BCE)
• Disestablished
unknown (?~300 BCE)
Today part of
India (West Dinajpur district, West Bengal)
Part of a series on the
History of Bengal
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Gangaridai
Samatata
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Harikela
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History of East Pakistan
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History of West Bengal
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Muslin trade in Bengal
Timeline of Bangladeshi history
Pundravardhana or Pundra Kingdom (Sanskrit: Puṇḍravardhana), was an ancient kingdom during the Iron Age period in South Asia with a territory that included parts of present-day Bogura Rajshahi, Rangpur and Dhaka Divisions of Bangladesh as well as the West Dinajpur district of West Bengal, India.[1][2][3] The capital of the kingdom, then known as Pundranagara (Pundra city), was located at Mahasthangarh in Bogra District in northern Bangladesh.
3 Birth place of Acharya Bhadrabāhu
5 Pundra people
6 Mythology
7 Empires
7.1 Ancient period
7.2 Decline
7.3 Spread of Islam
8 Extent
Punda is a species of sugarcane. The land where that species of sugarcane was extensively cultivated was called Pundadesa (land of Punda). Hence, this region came to be known as Pundravardhana.[4]
Coordinates: 25°30′N 81°30′E / 25.50°N 81.50°E / 25.50; 81.50 Mahasthangarh, the ancient capital of Pundravardhana is located 11 km (7 mi) north of Bogra on the Bogra-Rangpur highway, with a feeder road (running along the eastern side of the ramparts of the citadel for 1.5 km) leading to Jahajghata and site museum.[5]
Birth place of Acharya Bhadrabāhu[edit]
The spiritual teacher of Chandragupta Maurya, Jain Ācārya Bhadrabāhu was born in Pundravardhana.[6]
Discovery[edit]
Several personalities contributed to the discovery and identification of the ruins at Mahasthangarh. F.Buchanan Hamilton was the first European to locate and visit Mahasthangarh in 1808, C.J.O'Donnell, E.V.Westmacott, and Baveridge followed. Alexander Cunningham was the first to identify the place as the capital of Pundravardhana. He visited the site in 1889.[7]
Pundra people[edit]
The Pundra were people mentioned in the later Vedic texts. The Digvijay section of Mahabharata places them to the east of Monghyr and associates them with the prince who ruled on the banks of the Kosi.[8] The epigraphs of the Gupta period and ancient Chinese writers place Pundravardhana, land of the Pundras, in North Bengal.[3]
Mythology[edit]
There is a story of Rishi Dīrghatamas who begot on the queen of the Chandravanshi king Bali five sons named Anga, Vanga, Suhma, Pundra and Kalinga. They founded the five states named after them. The lands of the despised Pundra and Vangas were not only seats of powerful kings but also flourishing centres of Buddhism, Jainism and Hinduism. It signifies the first stage of Aryan expansion between 5th century BC and 4th century AD.[9]
Empires[edit]
Ancient period[edit]
Pundranagara or Paundravardhanapura, the ruins of which are located on the banks of the Karatoya in Bogra District of Bangladesh, was located in the territory of Pundravardhana.[3]
While the Pundras and their habitat were looked down upon as impure in later Vedic literature because they fell beyond the pale of Vedic culture,[2] an inscription written in Prakrit in the Brāhmī script of the 3rd century BC, found at Mahasthangarh, ancient site of Pundranagara, indicates that the area imbibed, like adjoining Magadha, many elements of Aryan culture.[10] Buddhism was introduced into North Bengal, if not other parts of Bengal, before Ashoka. Two Votive inscriptions on the railings of the Buddhist stupa at Sanchi of about the 2nd century BC records the gifts of two inhabitants of Punavadhana which undoubtedly stands for Pundravardhana.[11] The impact of Aryan-Brahmana culture was felt in Bengal much after the same spread across northern India. The various non-Aryan people then living in Bengal were powerful and thus the spread of Aryan-Brahman culture was strongly resisted and the assimilation took a long time.[12]
The Mauryans were the first to establish a large empire spread across ancient India, with headquarters at Pataliputra (modern Patna), which was not very far from Pundranagara. According to Ashokavadana, the Mauryan empire Ashoka issued an order to kill all the Ajivikas in Pundravardhana after a non-Buddhist there drew a picture showing the Gautama Buddha bowing at the feet of Nirgrantha Jnatiputra. Around 18,000 followers of the Ajivika sect were executed as a result of this order.[13][14] The end of the Maurya rule around 185 BC was followed by a period of small kingdoms and chaos till the advent of the Guptas in the 4th century AD. Copper plates of the Gupta period mentioned their eastern division as Pundravardhana bhukti (bhukti being a territorial division). The Gupta Empire faced decline in the 6th century AD and the area may have fallen to the Tibetan king Sambatson in 567–79. Subsequently, Bengal was carved into two empires, Samatata in the east and Gauda in the west.[1] There is mention of Pundravardhana being part of Gauda in certain ancient records.[15] It was part of Shashanka's kingdom in the 7th century AD.[16]
Decline[edit]
During his visit to the area in 639–45, the Chinese monk, Xuanzang (Hiuen Tsang), did not mention any king of Pundravardhana in his itinerary records.[1] He traveled from Kajangala to Kamarupa through Pundravardhana.[2]
Xuanzang referred to Pundravardhana as follows:
There were twenty Buddhist Monasteries and above 3,000 Brethren, by whom the 'Great and Little Vehicles' were followed; the Deva-Temples were 100 in number, and the followers of various sects lived pell-mell, the Digambar Nirgranthas being very numerous.[17]
There are references that go to indicate that Pundravardhana lost its eminence in the 7th-8th century. Archaeological excavations at Mahasthangarh indicate the use of the citadel during the Pala period till 12th century AD but no more as a power-centre.[1] It was part of the empire of Chandra kings[18] and Bhoj Verma.[19] The early Muslim rulers from 13th century onwards may have used the territory but by then it was no more important.[1] Its identity gradually faded and it became part of the surrounding area. Even the main city or capital of Pundravardhana, Pundravardhananagar or Paundravardhanapur lost its identity and came to be known as Mahasthan.
Spread of Islam[edit]
At Mahasthan is located the mazhar (holy tomb) of Shah Sultan Balkhi Mahisawar, a dervish (holy person devoted to Islam) of royal lineage who came to the Mahasthan area, with the objective of spreading Islam among non-Muslim people. He defeated the local king in a war and converted the people of the area to Islam and settled there.[5][20]
Extent[edit]
Pundravardhana, comprised areas of present-day Rajshahi, Bogra, Pabna (in Bangladesh), and Dinajpur (both in India and Bangladesh). According to the Damodarpur copper plate inscription of the time of Budhagupta (c 476-94 AD) the northern limit of Pundravardhana was the Himalayas. The administrative and territorial jurisdiction of Pundravardhana expanded in the Pala period. In the Pala, Chandra and Sena periods Pundravardhana included areas beyond the geographical boundaries of North Bengal.[2] Varendri or Varendri-mandala was a metropolitan district of Pundravardhana. This is supported by several inscriptions.[3] Varendra or Varendri finds a mention primarily from the 10th century onwards, at a time when Pundravardhana was in decline.[21]
Rakhaldas Bandyopadhyay says, "Only North Bengal is not meant by Pundravardhana bhukti, what we now call East Bengal was also part of Pundravardhana or Pundravardhana bhukti. In a copper plate during the rule of Keshava Sena, son of Lakshmana Sena, i.e. in the 12th century, Pundravardhana or Pundravardhana bhukti included areas up to Bikrampur."[22] In the south Pundravardhana extended to localities in the Sundarbans.[23]
The numerous waterways of the region were the main channels of transportation. However, there are references in ancient literature to some roads. Somadeva's Kathasaritsagara mentions a road from Pundravardhana to Pataliputra. Xuanzang travelled from Kajangala to Pundravardhana, thereafter crossed a wide river and proceeded to Kamarupa. There are indications about a road from Pundravardhana to Mithila, then passing through Pataliputra and Buddha Gaya on to Varanasi and Ayodhya, and finally proceeding to Sindh and Gujarat. It must have been a major trade route.[24]
^ a b c d e Hossain, Md. Mosharraf, Mahasthan: Anecdote to History, 2006, pp. 69-73, Dibyaprakash, 38/2 ka Bangla Bazar, Dhaka, ISBN 984-483-245-4
^ a b c d Ghosh, Suchandra. "Pundravardhana". Banglapedia. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Retrieved 10 November 2007.
^ a b c d Majumdar, Dr. R.C., History of Ancient Bengal, First published 1971, Reprint 2005, p. 10, Tulshi Prakashani, Kolkata, ISBN 81-89118-01-3.
^ Ashokavadana
^ a b Hossain, Md. Mosharraf, pp. 14-15.
^ Majumdar, R.C. (1971). History of Ancient Bengal (1971 ed.). Calcutta: G.Bharadwaj & Co. pp. 12, 13.
^ Hossain, Md. Mosharraf, pp. 16-19
^ In earlier days the Kosi used to flow through North Bengal. See Karatoya River for details
^ Majumdar, Dr. R.C., p. 25
^ Majumdar, Dr. R.C., p. 454
^ Roy, Niharranjan, Bangalir Itihas, Adi Parba, (in Bengali), first published 1972, reprint 2005, pp. 216-217, Dey's Publishing, 13 Bankim Chatterjee Street, Kolkata, ISBN 81-7079-270-3
^ John S. Strong (1989). The Legend of King Aśoka: A Study and Translation of the Aśokāvadāna. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 232. ISBN 978-81-208-0616-0. Retrieved 30 October 2012.
^ Beni Madhab Barua (5 May 2010). The Ajivikas. General Books. pp. 68–69. ISBN 978-1-152-74433-2. Retrieved 30 October 2012.
^ Bandopadhyay, Rakhaldas, Bangalar Itihas, (in Bengali), first published 1928, revised edition 1971, vol I, p 101, Nababharat Publishers, 72 Mahatma Gandhi Road, Kolkata.
^ Bandopadhyay, Rakhaldas, p. 181
^ Khokon, Leaquat Hossain, 64 Jela Bhraman, 2007, p.129, Anindya Prokash, Dhaka.
^ Roy, Niharranjan, p. 116.
^ Bandopadhyay, Rakhaldas, p. 49
^ Roy, Niharranjan, p.85,
^ Roy, Niharranjan, pp. 91-93
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July 27, 2015 | By Dinah Wisenberg Brin
Tags: 3PL, Logistics I.T., Warehousing, Retail, Warehouse Management Systems (WMS), Distribution, Supply Chain Management, Logistics, Third-Party Logistics, Logistics Solutions Providers
Lucky Brand invested in new racks and handheld inventory control systems to enhance its new distribution facility.
Work with a team of service providers to get a new retail distribution center up and running in only six months? We should all be so lucky.
When Lucky Brand Jeans was sold to a private equity firm, and had to separate from the supply chain of former parent company Fifth & Pacific Companies, the apparel business needed to quickly establish its own, standalone distribution center (DC). The company marshalled help from a third-party logistics (3PL) provider, a technology firm, and a warehouse management system (WMS) provider to build its new DC and have it fully operational ahead of schedule.
Founded in 1990, Los Angeles-based Lucky Brand sells its premium denim jeans and other southern California-inspired clothing and accessories—including belts, scarves, handbags, ties, and jewelry—in more than 250 company stores, on its website, and through other retailers such as Nordstrom and Macy's.
Lucky needed the new DC built and fully operational, including sorter functionality and systems integration, in six months. "The facility also had to service the company's current retail and wholesale operations, and provide capacity for future growth," says Courtney Lynch, Lucky Brand's senior vice president of operations. "In distribution, nothing else matters if you can't get the product out the door on time, and run a well-controlled operation that delivers consistently."
Trends—August 2015How Non-Traditional Service Offerings Are Enhancing Supply ChainsChanneling the Brick and Click DilemmaBuilding a Smarter WarehouseDesigning a New Strategy for a New YearBe a Logistics Superhero8 Ways to File Effective Freight ClaimsTurning Back the Pages: 20 Years of Top 100 3PLsTrends—July 2015Working With the Right Enterprise Logistics Provider Makes Good Companies Significantly Better More related articles...
Send a 3PL RFPSend a Logistics IT RFPSend a Retail RFPSend a Warehousing RFPFind a 3PL provider
TransporeonFreight Management, Inc.AR Traffic ConsultantsSunset TransportationGEODISMitco Global LogisticsAptitiveSaddle Creek Logistics ServicesTransportGisticsGEODISMore related company profiles...


If you are looking for a region easily accessible with checklist attractions then you should probably look elsewhere as Western Zambia is for the ardent bush-lover looking to break free from the well-established African safari.
The country's biggest park, Kafue National Pak is a vast, watery wilderness positioned right in the heart of Western Zambia. The southern sector is thick woodland, with excellent birding along the river and leopards slinking between the trees. Further north, many of the luxury camps are concentrated on the Busanga Plains, only accessible by helicopter. Here you'll find the most impressive game viewing; great herds of plains animals, countless birds (over 400 species have been recorded here) and lions snoozing up in the trees. This is also one of the only places in Zambia where you might spot a cheetah. As the park dries out after the rains, there are mokoro trips amongst the wetlands, and later on in the season hot air ballooning over the plains.
Spread west towards the Angolan border, Liuwa Plains is even more remote than Kafue. If you mention you're off to the Liuwa Plains, the question you're most likely to be asked is – where on earth is that? Unless that is, you speak to a rare previous visitor, who'll begin to rave about the adventure that awaits. Liuwa is inaccessible and remote, even by African standards, and a journey here is really more about mounting an expedition than sinking in to a luxury camp. However, on arrival you'll be met by spectacular birdlife and a vast expanse of open grassland, punctuated by great herds of wildebeest, zebra and lechwe. This remains one of the few places in the world where you can drive for hours (or even days) without spotting another vehicle – an absolute pleasure that you'll probably want to keep to yourself.


Our 2019 program dates will be August 5 - August 8, Monday - Thursday.
Applications will be posted in early April, at this URL.
The program provides an introductory sampling of hands-on science and engineering activities mixed with high school preparatory sessions. Girls build motorized LEGO® cars, experiment with strobe-light photography, "breed" LEGO fish cells to understand the relationships between genes and traits, and more. Any girl from the greater Boston area who can commute to our program on the MIT campus is eligible to attend.
There is a suggested materials donation of $50.00.
The program runs from 8:30am- 2:30pm. Families are expected to be responsible for transportation to and from the MIT campus. Time is set aside each day for a brown bag lunch break.
Sample schedule from 2018 Calendar2018full. Please note, we will likely see changes as we work out our timing.
Applications may be scanned or mailed. You may request a print copy of the complete application by e-mailing amyfitz@mit.edu.
Applications will be reviewed and acceptance/ waitlist/ or a no-space notice will come from our Office by early May.
If you or your daughter have not heard from us by Wednesday, May 15, please e-mail amyfitz@mit.edu.


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There are nearly 40,000 firearm deaths and even more non-fatal injuries from firearms per year in the United States. Yet, the public and policymakers lack basic information on the causes of gun violence and how to prevent it in part because the government largely abandoned funding for gun research in 1996. This has resulted in a dearth of scientific evidence on gun violence prevention. To identify potential solutions for reducing gun violence, we must invest in high-quality research.
The National Collaborative on Gun Violence Research funds research to produce the evidence needed to inform the development of fair and effective gun violence prevention policy and protect the interests of law-abiding gun owners. In January 2020, NCGVR released its second annual RFP for 10-25 research awards of up to $9.5 million; it earmarked $1.5 million for Missouri-relevant research. The Collaborative wanted to promote the RFP to both encourage proposal submissions and highlight its continued work, and the work of its funding partners, to re-establish and build up the gun research pipeline.
Burness worked with the Collaborative to develop content featuring the new funding opportunity for its marketing channels, including its website, social media and newsletters. We also developed an extensive academic list targeting faculty and professors in a variety of disciplines, including emergency medicine, behavioral health, criminal justice and urban studies in about 75 U.S. colleges and universities. In addition to stakeholder outreach, Burness also conducted press outreach to specific gun violence and philanthropy trades to emphasize the Collaborative's ongoing work to support gun violence research. We also engaged Missouri media outlets to build awareness about the local funding opportunity.
Results & Impact
The Collaborative received 238 letters of interest in response to the RFP calling for high-quality research projects on gun policy and gun violence reduction, including 32 submissions for proposals relevant to Missouri. Additionally, the RFP garnered press coverage in variety of media outlets, including The Trace, the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, the St. Louis American and St. Louis Public Radio.


Tapas, Spirits, and Grins! The Pink Spot, located in historic Frederiksted on the West End of St. Croix, offers a Southern California-themed menu from Spanish Tapas to Asian- infused cooking. With waterfront views & Pink Sunsets, The Pinks Spot provides a kick-back atmosphere full of Grins! Step into a trendy Comedy Club inside with covered seating and Caribbean Roasting Pit in the courtyard - an intoxicating setting for those that just want to enjoy the breeze and feel like you once again found your beat.
ou Are Here Bar & Grille is tucked away in Kings Alley, just off the Boardwalk. Owner, Andrew Havanchak, moved to St. Croix three years ago and fell in love with St. Croix and decided to build on it! The atmosphere at You Are Here is Unique, Fun, and Upbeat merging Local and Continental culture. We have free WiFi, a power strip at the bar for plug-ins, and the menu offers food that is both Quick and Savory. Open 11 am - 11 pm every day, it is home of the largest World Map on island so you'll always know where You Are... when You Are Here! 1st Place Entrée at A Taste of St.
Well known for creative cocktails with homemade drinks.
Popular among local and visitors alike for the Local food.


Windows 8 introduces input via multiple touch points. In the DrawIt sample of my book "Modern C++ and Windows Store apps", I show how to add free form drawing on a XAML SwapChainBackgroundPanel using either touch, mouse or pen inputs. The sample restricted input to a single pointer i.e. you could draw using a finger or with left mouse button down or with a stylus if your device supported one. In today's post, I will show how to move from a single pointer to supporting multiple pointers (restricted only by the number of touch points supported by the underlying hardware).
The DrawIt sample has two main classes: MainPage and ShapeRenderer. All of the changes I am about to make below are in the ShapeRenderer class.
The only change to MainPage is to add support for the PointerEntered event which in turn calls the corresponding method from ShapeRenderer.
In the sample I enclose below, I have removed support for erasing. You are free to add it back as an exercise.
Open the ShapeRenderer header file. Add a private member variable of type Platform::Collections::Map.
Add another private variable of type UINT.
These two variables will be used to keep track of the multiple pointers that can be used to draw on screen.
Add a function declaration for OnPointerEntered in the ShapeRenderer class. The ShapeRenderer class already has methods for OnPointerPressed, OnPointerReleased etc.
In the implementation for OnPointerEntered method, we will use the following logic. If the pointer that fires the "Entered" event exists in our map, we do nothing. Else we store the new pointer details in the map, increment the number of active pointer count and begin drawing.
Next we call the Render method of the SwapChain.
Similarly in the OnPointerPressed event handler, we check if the pointer exists in our saved collection. If yes, do nothing. Else proceed to drawing.
In the OnPointerReleased event handler, call EndStroke of the InkManager and then Render the strokes.
After the Render call, remove the released pointer details from the collection and decrement the active pointer count.
That is all there is to handling multiple pointers.
Add three new methods to the ShapeRenderer header file.
The logic to create the popup is simple. In the CreateInfoPop method, we create a TextBlock. Get the current touch point details and add the pointer details to the TextBlock. Apply a RenderTransform on the TextBlock by creating a TranslateTransform and offset the TextBlock position by 20 pixels from the point where the pointer is on screen. This allows the TextBlock to be visible and display contents.
The UpdateInfoPop is used to move the TextBlock as the pointer moves on the screen. Check for all children of the SwapChain that matches the TextBlock control type and then use the name property to zero on the right pointer. Once the right pointer is identified, update the TextBlock position to the new position as determined by the pointer point.
That is all there is to adding information overlay to a pointer move event. The sample code is attached. Download the code and let me know your thoughts!
This entry was posted in C++ /CX, Windows 8 on June 17, 2013 by sridharpoduri.


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Home » Music » I couldnt handle it Paul McCartneys first response to John Lennons death
I couldnt handle it Paul McCartneys first response to John Lennons death
Paul McCartney on how 'Yesterday' came to him in a dream
John Lennon was killed on December 8, 1980. The singer and guitarist from The Beatles was murdered outside his home, The Dakota, in New York City by a deranged fan. The 40-year-old left behind two children and his wife, Yoko Ono. But the man who had been his friend since he was a teenager, Paul McCartney, was equally as bereft.
After the news of Lennon's death had been made public, McCartney was asked on the street how he felt about it.
His instant reaction was not what you might have expected. He quickly replied: "Drag, isn't it?"
Fans now know that McCartney had simply not come to terms with the event. He has since spoken out about how he really felt once Lennon's death had been announced.
McCartney and his wife, Linda McCartney, were interviewed by Playboy four years later, in 1984, where he opened up fully.
Linda commented: "With John's thing, what could you say? The pain is beyond words. You can never describe it, I don't care how articulate you are."
McCartney explained that after learning of Lennon's death, he returned home to be with his family.
He said: "We just went home. We just looked at all the news on the telly, and we sat there with all the kids, just crying all evening."
Ringo Starr opens up in 2011 about the death of John Lennon
McCartney added: "Just couldn't handle it, really."
It's no wonder he felt that way, considering he had been close friends with Lennon for decades and more-or-less taken over the world alongside him by writing music together.
Linda added: "To this day, we just cry on hearing John's songs; you can't help it. You just cry. There aren't words… I'm going to cry now."
In the same interview McCartney was eager to clear the air about his original comment: "Drag, isn't it?"
McCartney recalled: "What happened was we heard the news [of Lennon's death] that morning and, strangely enough, all of us… the three Beatles, friends of John's… all of us reacted in the same way. Separately.
"Everyone just went to work that day. All of us. Nobody could stay home with that news. We all had to go to work and be with people we knew. Couldn't bear it. We just had to keep going. So I went in and did a day's work in a kind of shock.
"And as I was coming out of the studio later, there was a reporter, and as we were driving away, he just stuck the microphone in the window and shouted: 'What do you think about John's death?' I had just finished a whole day in shock and I said: 'It's a drag.'
"I meant drag in the heaviest sense of the word, you know: 'It's a DRAG.' But, you know, when you look at that in print, it says: 'Yes, it's a drag.' Matter of fact."
McCartney added that he gives a lot of "flip" answers in his life.
He remembered when his mother died the first thing he said was: "What are we going to do for money?"
He added: "I've never forgiven myself for that. Really, deep down, you know, I never have quite forgiven myself for that. But that's all I could say then.
"It's like a lot of kids; when you tell them someone's died, they laugh."
SOURCE / SOURCE
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'Dexter: New Blood': Why Fans Think the Other Killer Is Influenced By Trinity »


A spectacular digital signage system, designed by SQM Digital Signage and including Europe's largest elliptical transparent screen, has been installed at the Posnania shopping centre.
A spectacular digital signage system, designed by SQM Digital Signage and comprising more than 100 multimedia devices, has been installed at the Posnania shopping centre. The supplied solution is primarily spectacular LED screens, including Europe's largest elliptical transparent screen, as well as interactive videowalls and tablets. System management is carried out with the use of Scala software.
Opened in October 2016 in the Polish city of Poznań, Posnania is one of the largest and most modern commercial buildings in east-central Europe. The SQM digital signage system is just one of dozens of facilities and services designed for customers who use new technologies.
The most unusual element of the solution is an elliptical LED screen, suspended in the atrium, with surface of almost 100sqm and a transparency of 90%. It is the largest such construction in Europe and the only one of an elliptical shape; owing to its clarity, displayed content can be seen from nearby student residences.
In the rotunda, a semi-circular LED screen creating an impressive arc, ended with two-side free-standing multimedia totems. Synchronisation of all display surfaces allows content to be displayed over two levels of the shopping centre, and offers a variety of experiences depending on where customers stand. In addition, in the totem there are placed two touchscreens allowing customers to take a selfie, which can be displayed on a large LED screen.
At the entrance to the car park, seven videowalls have been installed, equipped with a Kinect motion controller and complemented by a camera sending scenes from the shopping mall to the displays. This configuration allows augmented reality to be launched using the building's space. SQM's digital signage installations support several LCD screens and professional tablets that can be used to obtain additional information about offers available within the centre.
The system of screens is managed remotely through the Scala platform. Installed hardware includes NEC public display monitors, Dell computers, Elo Touch tablets and Kramer connectivity equipment.


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Professor Emeritus of Divinity and Law, Duke Divinity School
Stanley Hauerwas blogspot
Described as "contemporary theology's foremost intellectual provocateur," Stanley Hauerwas, Gilbert T. Rowe Professor of Theological Ethics at the Divinity School of Duke University, has been named America's Best Theologian by Time Magazine. The intent of his work is to show in what way theological convictions make no sense unless they are actually embodied in our lives. Referring to the work of Dietrich Bonhoeffer, who wrote that "it is worse for a liar to tell the truth than for a lover of truth to lie," Hauerwas will reflect on Bonhoeffer's view of America and truth. This presentation is an attempt to prove that what Christians owe any politics in which they find themselves is first and foremost to be a people who want not only to hear the truth but to speak it.
Presentations at Calvin University
Dietrich Bonhoeffer On Lying - Reflections on America
Part of the: January Series
Underwritten by: Miller Johnson
Publication(s) for this event
The Work of Theology
by Stanley Hauerwas
Eerdmans (August 5, 2015)


The auditor or auditing team are qualified for their experience in this line of work. They master the regulations applicable to this sector.
This is not a certification but a regulatory compliance audit.
The audit report is used to apply for renewal or initial prefectural approval.


How much does a Senior System Engineer make in Miami, FL?
The average salary for a Senior System Engineer is $93,567 per year in Miami, FL, which is 14% below the national average. Salary estimates are based on 20 salaries submitted anonymously to Indeed by Senior System Engineer employees, users, and collected from past and present job advertisements on Indeed in the past 36 months. The typical tenure for a Senior System Engineer is 2-4 years.


Botswana is on track to drive the development of ICT and ICT-related policies and standards, said the Permanent Secretary in the Ministry of Transport and Communications, Elias Magosi. Magosi was speaking on Wednesday during the presentation of one of the deliverable from one of the projects from his ministry, which is the development of Botswana e-Government Service Oriented Enterprise Architecture and Interoperability Framework. According to Magosi, the project was initiated in January 2016, with the objective of developing sets of standards, guidelines and artifacts that will be used to inform development of ICT systems in government. "Enterprise architecture is globally recognised as a platform to achieve the connected government we seek through our e-government strategy. A resultant being well-informed a blue print of government systems," said Magosi. The project was started at the Ministries of Investment, Trade and Industry (MITI), Ministry of Agricultural Development and Food Security and Ministry of Transport and Communication. Magosi said the report he has received is that the project received tremendous support from all the ministries at which it was started. The project, which is being prepared by a Korean company known as Korea IT Consulting J.V, is done at a cost of P89 million and it is believed that it will ease the way things are done at government ministries.
Two leadership training sessions have apparently been conducted in South Korea where the leadership of the ministries was given an opportunity to interact with the ministries in South Korea on how enterprise architecture can be used to improve service delivery through better development of ICT systems. Magosi said his ministry coordinates the activities of ensuring the enterprise architecture for the three ministries is translated into tangible coordinated systems that will improve the lives of the citizenry. "We will also continue to advance the project to the next batch of ministries until we cover the entire Government," he said. Magosi said headways have already made been made in the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development, Ministry of Youth Empowerment, Sports, and Culture Development (MYSC), Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development (MLGRD) and Ministry of Nationality, Immigration and Gender Affairs (MNIG) as clients for the 1st Expansion phase. The project consists of five phases and planning and foundation phases have just been completed while 1st expansion phase has just commenced.


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Lifestyle Health and Wellbeing 04 Mar 2016 Broccoli can ward of ...
Lifestyle, Health and Wellbeing
Broccoli can ward off liver cancer risk
Published Mar 4, 2016, 10:04 am IST
Updated Mar 4, 2016, 10:04 am IST
Consuming high-fat, high-sugar diets, having excess body fat can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer.
The study shows that in mice the number of cancer nodules and the size of the cancer nodules increased in the liver. But when broccoli was added to the diet, the number of nodules decreased. (Photo: Pixabay)
You may want to start including broccoli in your diet as a recent study has shown that it can reduce the risk of liver cancer and preventing the development of fatty liver.
Since broccoli consumption has previously been linked to reducing the risk of certain cancers, including breast, colon and prostate cancers, researchers at the University of Illinois wanted to see if there was a link between the vegetable and liver cancer and fatty liver, or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Researcher Elizabeth Jeffery says that the majority of the U.S. population eats a diet high in saturated fats and added sugars. However, both of these are stored in the liver and can be converted to body fat. Consuming a high-fat, high-sugar diet and having excess body fat is linked with the development of NAFLD, which can lead to diseases such as cirrhosis and liver cancer.
"We called this a Westernized-style diet in the study because we wanted to model how so many of us are eating today," Jeffery says.
The team wanted to find out the impact of feeding broccoli to mice with a known liver cancer-causing carcinogen and so they studied four groups of mice; some of which were on a control diet or the Westernized diet and some were given or not given broccoli.
The study shows that in mice on the Westernized diet both the number of cancer nodules and the size of the cancer nodules increased in the liver. But when broccoli was added to the diet, the number of nodules decreased. Size was not affected.
The study appears in Journal of Nutrition.
Tags: broccoli, green vegetables, healthy diet, liver cancer, clean eating
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text:
layout: post
title: Vista SRWLock acquires during shutdown
date: 2006-11-18 20:14:27.000000000 -08:00
categories:
- Technology
tags: []
status: publish
type: post
published: true
meta:
  _wpas_done_all: '1'
author:
  login: admin
  email: joeduffy@acm.org
  display_name: joeduffy
  first_name: ''
  last_name: ''
---
I was surprised to find out that attempting to acquire an orphaned native "slim"
reader/writer lock (SRWL) on the shutdown path hangs on Windows Vista.
Unlike orphaned critical section acquisitions during shutdown on Windows -- which,
[in Vista cause the process to terminate immediately, and pre-Vista enjoyed "weakening"
to avoid deadlocking at the risk of seeing corrupt state](http://www.bluebytesoftware.com/blog/PermaLink,guid,86195ce0-3e2d-4477-9739-896862c8c08d.aspx) --
SRWL's AcquireSRWLockXXX methods are not shutdown aware.

This is actually pretty dangerous, and effectively means you should stay as far away
from SRWLs during shutdown as possible.  Avoiding synchronization and any
sort of cross-thread coordination in DllMain is generally a good rule of
thumb anyway, since it runs under the protection of the loader lock, has to tolerate
very harsh conditions, and often runs w/out the presence of other active threads.

But this means something even stronger and sets SRWLs distinctly apart from Win32
critical sections.  If you're writing a reusable native library whose functionality
somebody might conceivably want to use on the shutdown path, you really ought not
to be using SRLWs internally.  If app developers don't realize you
employ internal SRWL synchronization, they might call you and, every so often when
the stars align, their users will experience a random hang during shutdown.
Library authors might consider giving TryXXX variants of their APIs so that developers
can at least deal with the case in which a SRWL has been orphaned.

Notice that hanging is similar to [managed code's approach to lock acquisitions during
shutdown](http://www.bluebytesoftware.com/blog/PermaLink,guid,c3993fa3-4d71-414c-bfa3-bca600869018.aspx).
There's a big difference, though: the CLR anoints a shutdown watchdog thread
that kills the process after 2 seconds when a hang occurs, whereas native code won't.
The native hang persists indefinitely.

I'd be a much happier guy if SRWLs mirrored the new Vista orphaned critical
section shutdown behavior.

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text:
Nevada lawmaker paid her sister thousands for campaign work, but we can't see the details
Payments between state Sen. Pat Spearman and her sister revealed in RGJ investigation is the latest example of Nevada's opaque campaign finance laws.
Nevada lawmaker paid her sister thousands for campaign work, but we can't see the details Payments between state Sen. Pat Spearman and her sister revealed in RGJ investigation is the latest example of Nevada's opaque campaign finance laws. Check out this story on rgj.com: https://www.rgj.com/story/news/politics/2019/04/15/government-nevada-senator-spearman-campaign-finance-ethics-investigation/3436119002/
James DeHaven, Reno Gazette Journal Published 6:00 a.m. PT April 15, 2019 | Updated 4:35 p.m. PT April 15, 2019
Nevada Senate Majority Leader Kelvin Atkinson announced his resignation on March 5 after pleading guilty to campaign finance violations. Nevada Legislature, Reno Gazette Journal
Payments revealed just weeks after a fellow state lawmaker admitted misusing campaign funds
It's been a good month for critics of Nevada's oft-maligned campaign finance laws.
The Silver State has routinely ranked at or near the bottom of nationwide political transparency surveys. Legislators have rarely led the way in efforts to repair the state's rickety reputation for election oversight.
But ex-state Senate Majority Leader Kelvin Atkinson's dramatic downfall under a cloud of admitted election spending misdeeds has sparked renewed interest in strengthening anti-corruption statutes.
Now, five weeks after Atkinson's tearful resignation, another North Las Vegas Democrat is facing questions about her use of campaign donor dollars.
Atkinson pleads guilty: Former state senator admits to using $250K in campaign funds for SUV, night club
A Reno Gazette Journal analysis of public records reveals state Sen. Pat Spearman paid nearly $103,000 in campaign funds to a consulting firm with close ties to her sister.
State campaign finance reports show Donna Spearman-Davis and Crawford Management Group were the two largest recipients of Spearman's campaign cash — accounting for about 30 percent of the nearly half-million dollars the former congressional hopeful and longtime state senator spent between 2012 and 2018.
Spearman-Davis was paid more than $41,000 as a campaign staffer over that time period, a tally topped only by Crawford Management, the Las Vegas-based consulting firm that shared an address with Spearman-Davis, according to public records.
Phoenix PAC — a political action committee co-managed by Spearman-Davis and headquartered at that same address — received another $4,250 in campaign funds from Spearman.
Such payments may run afoul of state law if they exceed the fair market value normally paid for the type of services Spearman-Davis provided.
Yet there's no way for the public to know exactly what Spearman's sister did for the campaign, much less the going rate for her work. That's because Nevada law only requires candidates to self-report the broad purpose of their campaign spending — such as "travel," "consulting," or "paid staff." Those reports are not independently audited or regularly scrutinized by regulators.
And lawmakers look unlikely to change that anytime soon.
Despite repeated pledges to tighten election spending rules in response to the Atkinson scandal, that legislation is yet to see a hearing.
No comment from lawmaker
Spearman, for her part, declined to answer the RGJ's questions about her sister's campaign role.
"She's not working for me and I'm not answering any more questions about that," she said on Tuesday.
It's not clear who else was asking those questions.
The Nevada Secretary of State's office, charged with overseeing compliance with campaign finance laws, declined to comment on whether it was looking into Spearman.
Angelique Crawford, president of Crawford Management, was similarly reluctant to talk. She quickly hung up on a reporter when asked about Spearman-Davis' relationship with her consulting firm.
"I'm a private citizen," Crawford said. "I don't have to give that information to you."
Spearman-Davis did not return requests for comment. A LinkedIn profile page describes her as an "administrative assistant" to Spearman.
State Sen. Pat Spearman, D-Las Vegas, paid more than $100,000 in campaign cash to a consulting firm affiliated with her sister. (Photo: RGJ file)
Where the money went
Spearman's sister had no other campaign clients, according to state election disclosures.
Spearman also made up roughly 94 percent of Crawford Management's reported election business.
Despite its inexperience, federal filings show the consultancy firm was also the second highest-paid vendor on Spearman's failed 2018 congressional campaign, when it received $30,000. Spearman-Davis was listed as the "designated agent" on that campaign, according to disclosures on the Federal Election Commission's website.
Fully half of the state campaign checks cut to Crawford and Spearman-Davis were made in non-election years.
Spearman, an ordained minister and U.S. Army veteran, ran unopposed in her 2016 re-election primary race. She won both of her general election campaigns by landslide margins against little-known opponents.
"Unfortunately, the law doesn't say much about any of these situations."
Kevin Benson, a Carson City-based attorney who specializes in election law
It's not illegal for a Nevada candidate to put a family member on the campaign payroll, so long as they're not making more than the going rate for the services they provide.
But the state has never clarified the fair market value of campaign services, leaving regulators to judge potential lawbreakers on a case-by-case, expense-by-expense basis.
"In some instances, using campaign funds to pay a family member for services rendered to the campaign may be legitimate," said Wayne Thorley, deputy secretary of state for elections. "In other cases, it may be a violation of the personal use prohibition."
Photos: The Nevada Legislature
Images from the first day of the 80th session of the Nevada Legislature on Monday Feb. 4, 2019.the 80th session of the Nevada Legislature Andy Barron/RGJ
Images from the first day of the 80th session of the Nevada Legislature on Monday Feb. 4, 2019. Andy Barron/RGJ
Reforms to state law following Atkinson downfall
Election attorneys see payments such as Spearman's as just the latest reason to strengthen oversight of campaign spending.
"Unfortunately, the law doesn't say much about any of these situations," said Kevin Benson, a Carson City-based attorney who specializes in election law. "There is an attorney general's opinion stating that Nevada's personal use law should generally follow the federal regulations. However, Nevada has never actually adopted regulations on the matter.
"That being said, if it was just a blatant scheme, I think the state could go after the candidate for personal use. As we recently saw with the Atkinson indictment, it can also be criminal fraud."
Atkinson last month confessed in a federal plea agreement to misusing some $75,000 in campaign donations to open and operate the Urban Lounge nightclub in downtown Las Vegas, where he often hosted political fundraisers for other Nevada Democrats. He also spent $20,000 to lease a Jaguar SUV, $8,600 to repay a personal loan and at least $100,000 to pay off credit card charges.
The 49-year-old former lawmaker is due back in federal court on July 11 to be sentenced. He's expected to face up to 33 months behind bars.
Related: Campaign funds opened a club, leased a Jaguar. Can lawmakers make sure it doesn't happen again?
Former Senate Majority Leader Kelvin Atkinson, D-Las Vegas, is due to be sentenced in July for misuse of campaign funds. He confessed to spending $75,000 in campaign donations on his nightclub, $20,000 to lease a Jaguar, $8,600 to repay a personal loan and at least $100,000 to pay off credit card charges. (Photo: AP file)
Spearman isn't the first to have questionable campaign payments
Spearman, a fellow North Las Vegas Democrat, is far from the first Nevada candidate to face scrutiny over paying a family member, though such cases rarely result in a formal investigation.
The RGJ last year revealed that Democratic governor hopeful Chris Giunchigliani had paid her late husband's political consulting firm more than $1 million in campaign funds between 1996 and 2014.
Giunchigliani cut more than 200 checks to Gary Gray and his firm for everything from special events to office expenses, but mostly paid for advertising and consulting services.
Two months later, the newspaper found Republican ex-U.S. Sen. Dean Heller had paid his son's company at least $52,500 in campaign funds since 2016.
Heller Enterprises LLC — a little-known music production company started by Harrison Heller in 2013 — was the Heller camp's second-highest-paid social and digital media consultant.
Both cases turned heads among good government groups, who said the payments smacked of nepotism and self-dealing.
James DeHaven is the politics reporter for the Reno Gazette Journal. He covers campaigns, the Nevada Legislature and everything in between. Support his work by subscribing to RGJ.com right here.
More on the the state legislature
Why the RGJ backs reform to make Nevada's public records more accessible
Lawmakers changed Nevada water bill to allay threat of pipeline to Las Vegas
Las Vegas shooting survivor pushes gun bill to help prevent a repeat of Oct. 1
Read or Share this story: https://www.rgj.com/story/news/politics/2019/04/15/government-nevada-senator-spearman-campaign-finance-ethics-investigation/3436119002/
What is Area 51? We made contact with experts.


Everyday we hear about a new major hack in the world.
Customers ask me all the time, is it secure? Are we safe?
My response is, if they can hack companies that pay millions on security then they can hack you. Now I don't say this to scare people , but rather to put things in perspective. If your device is connected to the internet, and someone has enough motive then you can be hacked. That does not mean give up and what's the point than mean you have to be very diligent.
When it comes to passwords humans are amazingly predictable. They either use no security or very poor security. Even though websites constantly post the worst and most popular passwords, people continue to use them. Whenever I visit a new customer I'm amazed at how often I can guess their password. A favorite of course is… "password".
So now lets learn how to do better. Making a strong password is not hard, but it is annoying. The more annoying the better it is. Thats the whole point. Most systems will tell you how they want the password or the complexity that you need to use — upper and lower case, alpha numeric, with or without certain symbols. So for the sake of working with almost any password system lets keep it strong yet simple. Apples Safari browser now offers strong random passwords in the format of xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx.
Notice the password is completely random letters and numbers with random case. This is a strong password in todays world.
Now most people will look at that and say "are you crazy?" I can't type that every time I need to log in! Well you don't have to every time. There are several options that will help and you can get creative. Say it's your banking you need to have high security on, then you can make a folder on your computer that has this password as the folder name so that you can just copy and paste when logging in. You can store it in a worded or sticky note, that only YOU know what the code belongs to. So don't label it banking password!!!
The longer you make the code the stronger it is. Similar to what sites mean by 128bit or 256 bit encryption. The longer it is the more computing power it takes to crack the code.


The Buena Vista Softball team's conference year has been marred so far by close finishes in all eight games up to this point, but have left BV winless in American Rivers Conference Play.
Sitting in last place in the ARC with everything to prove, Buena Vista would face their toughest challenge yet on the season in the #8 ranked Kohawks this past weekend.
Though they split the series with Coe in 2018 when they Kohawks were ranked #12, the top spot in the American Rivers Conference had belonged to the home team from Cedar Rapids the entire year thus far. With a 28-5 record (7-1 in ARC) and a national ranking, the Kohawks would prove tough to topple once again.
Giving the nod to Senior pitcher Marissa Promes on the mound for game one, Head Coach Mandie Berneking had to adjust her team's game plan against a dominant opponent thus far.
The decision to start the more experienced Promes turned out to be vital for the Beaver defense. Game one moved quick from the start, as the Buena Vista defense behind Promes tracked down any ball the Kohawks put in play.
Buena Vista was up to the challenge. This David and Goliath matchup on paper would remain scoreless for five innings until Coe broke through the BVU defensive wall.
With three hits shared between the teams until the bottom fifth, the batting lineups were so-far stagnant on a cold weekend. However, Senior Haley Jones would send a line drive into the Beaver outfield to score her teammate Natalie Blank for the lone run of the ballgame.
Promes would not be deterred, shutting down the next four batters to put BV in a game-tying situation in the top of the seventh inning.
Leading off the seventh, Junior Michaela Mason doubled to left field with the best two batters on the squad in Brooke Linderman and Kate Lesmeister upcoming in the lineup. Unfortunately for BVU, Mason would only make her way to third as Linderman popped up to the pitcher and Lesmeister grounded out to the infield to advance Mason.
In the potential last out of the game, Freshman Sydney Carroll couldn't find the first base gap as she was retired on an infield fly-out to end the game with a runner on third base. Coe would take game in a heartbreaker for Buena Vista, 1-0.
Unshaken by the setback in game one, Coach Berneking and the Beavers' stout defense would take a boost of confidence into game two, especially in starting pitcher Marissa Promes.
"Coach B discussed having me start game two, because I was doing well controlling Coe's offense. Peyton [Gross] was in relief and I had confidence in her to come in and own it. All I had to do was just throw and have fun," says Promes.
Retaking her spot in the pitcher's circle, Promes and the rest of her team had nothing to lose. With an 0-9 record in the ARC, game two against Coe would have huge implications for making the conference tournament at the end of the season.
Instead of a slow burning, scoreless redux of game one, the second matchup of the day was broken up in the top of second by the Beavers. Sophomore Carlee Guyett would help out the bottom of her order by driving a ball straight back at Coe's pitcher, Bailey Smith, to score Mckynze Hansen and Ashtyn Miller. Buena Vista would lead 2-0 for another two innings.
While Promes stayed solid on the mound, allowing just two hits through three innings, Guyett would come in clutch once again. Grabbing her third and fourth RBI's of the game, plus her second hit, Guyett doubled to left field to score Taylor Frain and Miller once again. Beavers lead 4-0.
However, the eighth ranked Kohawks would not be upset without a fight. An error in the bottom of the fourth inning by Buena Vista would score Haley Jones for Coe. Jones would then drive in Natalie Blank in the bottom of the fifth for run, and then find herself crossing home plate after Allie O'Brien sent a line drive back at Promes to grab run three for the home team.
With Promes running out of steam, she would be pulled to bring in freshman Peyton Gross in relief. On the day, Promes would pitch 11 2/3 innings, and only allow three earned runs off three hits.
With seven batters left in the Coe lineup, Peyton Gross would mow them down with efficiency. To protect Buena Vista's 4-3 lead in the bottom of the fifth, Gross would earn a ground out to retire the Coe side.
With six batters to go, Gross force a ground out, record a strikeout swinging, and four flyouts to end the game in 18 strikes out of her 21 pitches. The last place Beavers would hang on against the first place, #8 nationally ranked Kohawks in game two, 4-3.
At the end of the day, the series would be split. The Kohawks would fall to 28-5 overall, while being 8-2 in conference play (second now). Buena Vista would improve to 15-15 overall, while now being 1-9 in the ARC (eighth).
After the huge upset, Promes sees the weekend as a change of momentum for the rest of the favorable upcoming schedule.
"I think this is a big confidence booster! Coe is a good team and shutting them down showed us what we are capable of competing against the best. I think we are all excited to play again and show everyone what we are made of," says Promes.
Buena Vista will get their chance to prove their mettle in a favorable run of six games to end the season starting this tuesday at home against Loras, the last ranked team in the ARC.
Afterwards, the Beavers will travel to Dubuque on Friday, who are ranked 6th, and then play Simpson at home to finish the year. The Storm currently sit in seventh place, just above BVU.
A sweep against the Duhawks could rocket Buena Vista into sixth place and a conference tournament spot, and another pair of sweeps would lock in their bid to play after the conclusion of the regular season.
From here on out, the Beaver softball team controls their own destiny.


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Environmental DNA (eDNA) is rapidly increasing in popularity as a molecular detection tool to identify species from substrates such as soil or water. Combined with metabarcoding, eDNA can provide rapid, high throughput detection of multiple species from a single environmental sample. Currently eDNA metabarcoding studies focus on detecting the presence of taxa and have been used to inform species distributions and community composition. The ability to decipher the relative abundance of taxa could greatly increase the application of the technique to ecological management. Unfortunately, the ability of metabarcoding to provide quantitative information is currently limited due to a number of technical constraints leading to differential amplification between DNA fragments.
This project will investigate the factors that lead to biases in DNA amplification and the degree to which they influence the final results. Knowledge of the cause of these biases can assist with developing controls or standardization techniques to apply to metabarcoding approaches to improve estimates of relative abundance of taxa within a sample.
A complimentary project led by Xin-Yi Chua, Bioinformatic methods for estimating animal abundance from eDNA, is focussed on developing new bioinformatic methods for obtaining quantitative information on animal abundance and biomass from eDNA datasets.


text:
Q: Should we prefer Qt's private slots over public slots? Qt "private slots:" what is this?
AFAIK @Andrew's answer to the question above addresses the point. And @borges mentions the important detail

When the method is called via signal/slot mechanism, the access specifiers are ignored. But slots are also "normal" methods. When you call them using the traditional way, the access specifiers are considered

So I'm leaning towards write slots as private, in principle. And only mark them as public when the expectation is to also call them in a non connect context, I mean a direct call.
In other works, that will be like prefer private slots. However, I don't record having seen this kind of mentality on Qt's documentation. They seem to just use public slots everywhere. Am I missing something?
Does anything change when we do multithreading and a method (slot) might be called in an object which is in another thread?

A: Slots are a part of your class interface and thus should be public. Private slots are possible with the old connection syntax only due to the peculiarities of how the metasystem works. So they are a byproduct not some first-class citizens to support in the long run.
You also can't use the new connection syntax (which is preferred) if you have private slots because you need the pointer to the member function which you for no reason made private.
So no, you should not make slots private by default. Only if some specific need arises and with a comment of why you did it that way.

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