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"Łagów" - Encyclopedia of Jewish
Communities in Poland, Volume VII
(Poland)
50°47' 21°05'
Translation of "Łagów" chapter from
Pinkas Hakehillot Polin
Published in Jerusalem
Our sincere appreciation to Yad Vashem for permission
to put this material on the JewishGen web site.
This originally appeared in the Kielce-Radom SIG Journal, Volume 5, Number 3 (Summer 2001)
and has kindly been donated by Warren Blatt, Editor of this journal.
This is a translation from: Pinkas Hakehillot: Encyclopedia of Jewish Communities, Poland,
Volume VII, pages 267-269, published by Yad Vashem, Jerusalem, 1999
by Shmuel Levin and Rachel Grossbaum-Pasternak
Translated from the Hebrew by Seymour Baltman
Edited by Jerry Tepperman
In Yiddish: (Lagev)
(Opatów district, Kielce province)
Population Figures
Population Jews
1662 171 -
1827 1,327 60
1857 1,304 142
1921 2,527 1,269
1939 - ~1,400
Łagów is first mentioned in records from the 11th century as a property owned by the Catholic Church. In the vicinity of the town, a particular form of clay was found that was well suited for the manufacture of porcelain wares.
Łagów was recognized as a minor city in 1253. (It appears that it got lower status rights because the number of inhabitants had not, at that time, reached 486 persons). In 1453, the King of Poland, Kazimierz IV Jagiellon [1427-1492], raised the administrative rank of Łagów and changed it to a full city according to the Magdeburg Law. As such, it was allowed to hold two annual fairs every year. In 1504, the boundaries of Łagów were expanded to include parts of the forest adjacent to it, including the land that had been utilized for the production of clay for the porcelain industry. During this period, Łagów enjoyed strong economic improvement, and a factory was built for the production of glassware.
In 1578, iron ore and lead were discovered in the vicinity and factories were built there which manufactured iron utensils. At that time, there were 47 tradesmen in the city, including four liquor distillers. When the Swedes invaded Poland, in the middle of the 17th century, the combatants passed by Łagów without incident and the city was able to continue its growth and expansion uninterrupted. However, by the end of the 17th century, the city was devastated by a fatal epidemic, which wiped out all but 171 residents. At the beginning of the 18th century, a city revival of sorts began, and once again a few factories were established for the production of porcelain wares. By 1739, the number of annual fairs increased to 10 per year, and many people were attracted to those events from far and wide. At that point, a large inn was built. After the Polish insurrection in 1863, in which many of the citizens of Łagów participated, the Russian authorities closed several factories in the city and the city's standing with the regional governments declined. There remained only a few small factories for the production of fire-resistant porcelain wares. In the year 1869 Łagów's city status was taken away, and even as a part of the independent Republic of Poland after World War I, it remained a provincial industrial town, without official city status.
Until the end of the 19th century, we have no evidence of the existence of an organized Jewish community in Łagów. In 1827, no more than 60 Jews resided there, but from that point their numbers grew continuously – in 1852 the Jewish community numbered 142 people; and by 1921 the population grew to 1,269 people. The Jews of Łagów, as did their brethren in other Polish cities, earned their living from commerce and trades and from participating in the market days and the fairs. They earned their livelihood with difficulty and hard work. In 1903, the newspaper Izraelita published an article on the poverty and difficult existence of the Jews in Łagów, and described the absence of needed help from outside sources. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Jews of Łagów became organized into a community and built a small synagogue. In 1908, a community leadership committee was chosen and they appointed Rabbi Tzvi Dov Rozen, who served as Rabbi in Łagów until 1924. His successor, Rabbi Yissachar Dov Shwartz (died 1937), was the second and also the last Rabbi of Łagów. After him, no other Rabbi was appointed to take on those rabbinic responsibilities.
During the First World War, many of the sources of livelihood for the Jews had disappeared, and many residents were compelled to rely on the regular assistance from the general community fund for the poor. In 1915, a community kitchen was opened in Łagów to feed the large numbers of poor people.
In 1919, at the end of the war, the armies of General [Józef] Haller of the Polish forces passed through Łagów, took advantage of their position to pillage the stores of the Jewish community, and to cut the beards and brutalize passing Jews, thereby causing them intense suffering. Also, in 1922, when a large fire erupted in the town, the Jews were used as a scapegoat and were accused of setting fire to the settlement. The police opened an investigation and concluded that the Jews were innocent of the crime.
In addition, in the later part of that decade, particularly in the days of the economic crisis of the 30's in Poland, a crisis whose effects were also severely felt in Łagów, the Jews suffered more intensely than others in the competition for the ever-shrinking sources of income. There were Jews who left the town, some to bigger cities within Poland, and others to locations outside the country.
However, despite the economic distress and emigration from Łagów, this period in Łagów's history was characterized by an increase in community and political activity. Specifically, the assorted Zionist parties flourished, along with their respective youth movements. There were also those in Łagów who were followers of "Agudath Israel".
In the period between the two World Wars Łagów contained a synagogue, a few prayer houses, shtibelech of Gur and Alexander Chassidism, and a minyan of trades people. The Jewish community in Łagów had no cemetery of its own[1] and the dead were generally taken to nearby communities for burial (principally to Opatów).
During the Second World War
Łagów was conquered by the Germans during the first week of the war [September 1939]. During the fighting in the area, many houses were destroyed. In anticipation of the arrival of the Germans, a group of young Jews escaped to Eastern Poland, which was under Russian occupation. Immediately after their arrival, the Germans began conscripting Jews into forced labor. At the end of 1939, a Judenrat [Jewish council] was established in Łagów and with their help, all of the Jews of the city were taken out of their houses and moved into inferior accommodations in the market area of the town. At first, they continued to be able to leave their homes as before, but in March 1942 the area was closed off and it became a ghetto.
The Germans were not successful in extorting large financial contributions from the Jews of Łagów, because most were miserably poor. Even threats did not help. Even so, the Germans killed hostages, conducted searches in Jewish homes, and looted their insignificant property, but they were unable to find any money. Many young Jews were sent to work camps.
In March 1941, one hundred refugees from Vienna were brought to Łagów, and then in July 1941, another large group of refugees arrived from Radom, barefoot, starving and sick without anything they could call their own. They were housed in the study house, and in the small synagogue of Łagów. As a result of the congestion and poor sanitary conditions, an epidemic of typhus broke out that killed a significant portion of the town's residents.
As mentioned earlier, in March 1942, the streets of the Jews were fenced with barbed wire and a small gate was built, in order to enclose the ghetto. It was forbidden to leave the ghetto, and anyone who dared to contravene this prohibition was liable to punishment by death. In the spring of 1942, a new wave of evictions of Jews from ghetto to ghetto began in the district of Radom. At that time, there was a reduction in the number of food cards that were distributed to the Jewish workers in the ghetto by about one-sixth, and the famine in the ghetto became more intense.
In July 1942, according to a list that was prepared in advance, the Germans removed 460 young men from the Łagów ghetto to an unknown destination. The Germans claimed that they were sent to a secure place and that they were working there on behalf of the German war effort, but no indication of life was ever received from any of them.
In August 1942, a rumor spread in the ghetto that the Germans were expelling Jews from ghettoes in the area to extermination camps. Many began to find for themselves an assorted variety of hiding places. Some turned to farmers in the area to beg for help, but only a few farmers were ready to endanger themselves to assist Jews. In addition, on December 15, 1942, the German head of the Radom district published an order and announced that anyone who gave assistance to Jews would be sentenced to death. Despite that threat, there were Polish individuals who dared to hide Jews and also shared their bread with them. One, Ignacy Bazurski, who used to bring food to many Jewish families from Łagów and even tried to find places for them to hide, was given up to the Gestapo by a Polish accomplice, and was tortured to death in a German prison.
On October 27, 1942[2], S.S. personnel arrived in Łagów and with them, Ukrainian and Polish police. They broke into the houses and took out all the Jews to the yard beside the Judenrat building. The sick and old were shot in their beds. Many children were shot to death. In the yard in front of the Judenrat building, the Jews were lined up in rows according to their families and from there moved toward the train station. Even on the way to the train station many Jews were shot. Those who survived, about 2,000 in number, were put into wagons soaked with chlorine and were transported to Kielce (q.v.). After a brief stop there, all of them were sent to Treblinka. During this general expulsion from Łagów, the Germans permitted some tens of Jews to remain. Those Jews were put to work to collect and sort the property that the expelled residents had left behind, to bury the murdered victims and clean the ghetto. After some time they too were sent to the extermination camp.
Izraelita, May 5,1903. [See below]
Zbrodnie na Palakach dokonane przez hitlerowców za pomoc udzielaną Żydom, Główna Komisja Badania Zbrodni Hitlerowskich w Polsce (Warszawa, 1981), p. 24
From Izraelita, a weekly Jewish newspaper published in Polish in Warsaw, 1866-1913.
Nr. 23, May 30 (June 12) 1903, pages 272-273.
"Izraelita" Correspondence
From Łagów in Radom Guberniya the following correspondence has arrived amongst the others:
In our locality, as in many neighboring shtetls, where mostly very poor Jews reside, such a degree of extreme poverty and depression governs, that even the oldest people do not remember such horrible times. The life of Łagów's Jews and of the Jews in the other shtetls is a wretched daily existence.
Probably the only help for those paupers – who with horrible efforts are managing to earn a small piece of bread, barely sufficient to avoid death from starvation – is to become engaged in agricultural work or to move somewhere else.
But even those efforts can not be accomplished without outside assistance, since the residents of Łagów and the similar backward communities can only complain about their situation and suffer with all humility, but they cannot fight, due to the lack of initiative and money. But those outsiders that can take initiative and possess money would not even think about the Yidlakh of Łagów.
For example, if they would at least peep at the shtetls in the deep provinces where the Jewish proletariat is dying from hunger all their life – they could, after all, do so much good. The young generation of those poor beggars is healthy material after all, and from them, in appropriate circumstances, one could develop competent people.
People from Łagów need assistance to resettle and to begin a new life: to educate them, to open their eyes for their daily wretched existence – this is a goal of all Jewish associations, charities and circles, since they do not identify those goals themselves.
Translated from the Polish by Alexander Sharon
Translator's Footnotes
This contradicts other reports, including the U.S. Preservation Commission; Przemysław Burchard; Jerome Hershman's visit. See pp. 19, 21, 23. - WB. Return
All other sources give the deportation date as October 7, 1942, e.g. Yitzhak Arad, Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: The Operation Reinhard Death Camps (1987), page 395, Table 3; also A. Rutkowski, in BŻIH, 1955 #15, page 164. - WB. Return
Updated 2 Feb 2019 by MGH


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This September in Toronto, it's not the same old IIDEX/NeoCon Canada coming around again. With the involvement of Architecture Canada|RAIC – co-presenting the show with IDC (Interior Designers of Canada) – the country's National Design + Architecture Exposition & Conference has an expanded multidisciplinary focus. IIDEX is now 10 expos in one: Architecture Canada, Workplace Design, Healthcare Canada, Light Canada, Hospitality Canada, Education Canada, Landscape Architecture, Material World, Textile Design and Retail Design.
Brand-new attractions abound. Candela (Ottawa Light Art Exhibition) shines a spotlight on the exploration of electric lighting as an artistic medium. The International Pavilion showcases 10 to 15 European manufacturers with a mix of products and photos. Chair Connection – a joint project of IIDEX and Montreal's SIDIM design show – features chairs manufactured at home and abroad, selected by 30 IDC members across Canada. The YSmell Project, featuring finalists of a new store-design competition by the Toronto chapter of the Retail Design Institute, includes a scent display created by Nose Knows Design. Special Delivery is an exhibition that transforms four truck interiors into site-specific installations; the trucks are accompanied by a special installation at the Fender Bender IIDEX closing party at the Gladstone Hotel.
Films by Design is an architecture and design film series, extending the programming of this year's Architecture Keynote speakers. The Architecture Keynote is moderated by Ian Chodikoff, architect and editor of Canadian Architect magazine. It brings together three of the world's leading practitioners of socially sustainable architecture to relate their experiences in both the nonprofit and private sectors: Janna Levitt, principal of Toronto-based Levitt Goodman Architects; Michael Murphy, founding partner and executive director of Boston's MASS Design Group; and John Peterson, founder and president of U.S. nonprofit Public Architecture, as well as principal of San Francisco-based Peterson Architects.
Three other keynotes are part of the IIDEX program: Design, Lighting and Hospitality.
Delivering the Design Keynote is Patrick Norguet of Paris-based Studio Norguet Design. One of France's most renowned and prolific designers, Norguet will explore his industrial design process – informed by the ateliers, artisans and mass producers he has worked with – and how it has evolved into the creation of interior design projects that smartly integrate his furnishings.
The Hospitality Keynote takes the form of a conversation between Adam D. Tihany of Tihany Design, and Ilana Weitzman, editor-in-chief of enRoute magazine. During the talk, Tihany – widely regarded as one of the world's preeminent hospitality designers – will discuss his design process and his philosophy that every space should tell a unique story.
All this plus a full roster of award ceremonies and exhibits; various initiatives from Moleskine Canada; the return of SWIPE Books + Objects, Canada's premier design bookstore – and much more.
Held at Toronto's Direct Energy Centre, Exhibition Place, IIDEX/NeoCon Canada runs Sept. 20-21. For more information, visit iidexneocon.com.


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Scott Yanow Reviews Tony Adamo/Was Out Jazz Zone Mad
(Published: March 21, 2019)
Tony Adamo
Was Out Jazz Zone Mad
(Ropeadope)
A spoken word artist who is also a very good singer, Tony Adamo fits into his own musical category. He loves jazz and funk, often pays tribute to both in his lyrics, and utilizes top-notch musicians on his recordings.
While he has recorded frequently in the past, Was Out Jazz Zone Mad is Tony Adamo's debut for Ropeadope, a perfect fit since the label often releases music that crosses between genres. Other than "Boogaloo The Funky Beat" which was written by drummer Mike Clark, Adamo wrote or co-composed all of the music and lyrics. His enthusiastic talking/singing is full of excitement, joy and wisdom, paying homage not only to musicians (including Joe Henderson on "Sonic Henderson" and "B.B. King's Blues On Fire") but the lifestyle of creative music, the joy of improvisation and the problems of love ("I'm Out The Door").
Tony Adamo does not dominate these performances and he gives a generous amount of solo space to his sidemen. Mike Clark is a driving force on the numbers on which he appears and among the other sidemen are Roger Smith, Mike LeDonne, Wayne De La Cruz, or Delbert Bump on organ, pianist Michael Wolff, drummer Lenny White, guitarist Jack Wilkins, Tim Ouimette on trumpet and valve trombone, altoist Donald Harrison, and bassist Richie Goods.
Switching between infectious grooves and straight ahead swinging, boppish chord changes and the blues, Tony Adamo has put together a colorful program full of hipster philosophizing and the excellent playing of his musicians. Was Out Jazz Zone Mad is available from Ropeadope Records...
Scott Yanow
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Will Napa's 50-year-old agricultural preserve continue to protect the Napa Valley?
A computerized crystal ball peers into the Bay Area's future and shows brown suburbs relentlessly gobbling up green farmland - but not in Napa County's agricultural preserve.
The agricultural preserve reaches its 50th anniversary this year. Passed by the Board of Supervisors in 1968 and later strengthened by voters, the preserve is supposed to act as a kind of legislative, growth-repelling force field.
Click here to read the complete article on the Napa Valley Register.
YOUNTVILLE — Napa Valley farmworkers had the opportunity to demonstrate their pruning skills and earn the title of "champion" during the 17th annual Napa County Pruning Contest at Beringer Vineyard's Gamble Ranch on Saturday.
A group of up-and-coming leaders are emerging in the grapegrowing community who are setting new standards of excellence for innovative farming practices that maintain Napa County's agricultural heritage and sense of place.
Allison Cellini, viticulturist at Cliff Lede Vineyards & Poetry; Caleb Mosley, senior viticulturist at Michael Wolf Vineyard Management; Kelly Macleod, director of vineyard operations at Hudson Vineyards and Rolando Sanchez, general manager at Walsh Vineyard Management are four distinguished Napa Valley Grapegrowers members who are helping lead the charge — championing viticulture, the preservation of agricultural land, and inspiring future generations of farmers in Napa Valley.
Click here to read the complete on the Napa Valley Register.
Piles of vines lie in wait, slowly drying after having been carefully removed and stacked, with all treated wood and plastic pulled and as little dirt and organic material left clinging to the vines as possible.
This is all in an effort by Napa's grape growers and vineyard managers to minimize the amount of smoke the piles let off when they are finally burned.
Yountville, Calif.—Some of the blackened hills of the North Bay are sporting a light covering of green as new grasses push from the soil following November rains.
Yet many of the trees on those hills are dead brown, and large swaths of blackened hillside remain in Sonoma, Napa, Mendocino and Solano counties. More than two months after fires ignited across the North Coast, much work remains to be done in ensuring the areas affected by the fires won't be further damaged by significant erosion.
Click here to read the complete article on Wines & Vines.


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Solar panels are great, but so is a healthy, liveable home
Home solar could get a huge kick-along in Victoria over the next few years. Under the 'Solar Homes' program, Labor is promising solar panel subsidies to 650,000 households, worth up to $2,225 each, along with an interest-free, four-year loan to repay the balance of the purchase.
But as solar takes off, energy efficiency takes a back seat. At this point, the only nod to energy efficiency under the Solar Homes program is a $1,000 subsidy for solar hot water systems, available to 6,000 households. This is a welcome move to help reduce one of the 'big three' areas of home energy spending—heating, whitegoods and hot water—but it doesn't quite cut the mustard.
The Solar Homes program could deliver other energy-efficiency measures, to produce bigger bill savings and create healthy, liveable homes. This includes basic housing features such as insulation, affordable fixed heating, window coverings, simple draught sealing, and repairs to broken windows, walls and floors. Home solar can certainly reduce energy bills, but it's only one tool in the toolkit. For some people, more fundamental housing improvements are needed first.
What could make a real difference is if the Victorian Government makes the $2,225 subsidy available for solar panels or energy-efficiency measures. People could then choose the approach most beneficial for them, guided by a home assessment using the government's Residential Efficiency Scorecard. The $2,225 subsidy would meet almost half the costs of a $5500 package of the most cost-effective energy and water efficiency measures. This could also help renters who are not currently eligible for solar panels.
Extending the subsidy will make all the difference for some people, putting a more affordable, comfortable home within reach. It should be targeted at low and modest income-earners, who suffer most from high energy and housing prices, and have the least capacity to adapt to a changing, dangerous climate.
For other people this subsidy will not be enough; extra financial support and expert advice will be necessary. The Victorian Government should scale-up excellent existing programs that help people most in need, including:
Victorian Healthy Homes, which improves home warmth for people on low incomes living with chronic health problems. The project covers 800 homes in Melbourne's western suburbs and 200 homes in the Goulburn Valley region.
The EnergySmart Public Housing Research Project, which aims to achieve bill savings and improved thermal comfort for 1500 households, and create an evidence base for further public housing retrofits.
The Affordable Retrofits program for low-income households, which delivers free in-home energy assessments, energy deal advice, and subsidised, tailored retrofits, such as insulation, draught sealing and appliance upgrades.
To further boost home health and affordability, the Victorian Government should prescribe meaningful energy-efficiency standards for rental housing, under its new powers to create minimum rental standards. VCOSS will be closely watching standards development next year, to ensure Victorian renters finally receive the common-sense health, safety and energy-efficiency measures many people take for granted.
Victoria is already showing the way to a clean energy future. Let's see the same leadership to create healthy, liveable homes—for every Victorian, not just the lucky few.
Emma O'Neill


SALEM, Ind. — It is hard to run for office across this state, mostly because there is no single Indiana.
Politically, culturally, economically, linguistically, there are at least three Indianas, and maybe four or five or more. Even the state's veteran political minds do not always agree on where the many regions — and demands — begin and end.
In this far Southern Indiana town of 6,500, for instance, Steve Erwin, a barber, pointed to two Bibles stacked on the counter beside his barber chair and, even as he snipped away at the head of hair before him, slid open a drawer to reveal the gun he keeps within reach.
"And I'm not bitter, either," Mr. Erwin said, mocking comments Senator Barack Obama made about small towns and wondering aloud whether people here, in a nearly all-white county seat where the mayor and the county Democratic Party chairwoman have backed Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton, could fathom an Obama presidency.
Four hours north in Gary, a predominantly black city of 100,000, a vastly different debate has been simmering in the days before the primary on Tuesday: a Clinton supporter has questioned the school system's decision to bus high school seniors to the county courthouse for early voting, field trips that some said looked like a way to try to produce higher numbers for Mr. Obama.
There were no students in a downtown polling place for early voting on a recent morning, but there was a short line of people waiting, all of whom said they planned to cast ballots for Mr. Obama. "I'm voting for him because he's black and qualified and because he speaks to what Gary needs," said Gwendolyn Redding, who like many others in the area around Gary once worked at a steel mill.
People in the city said they had never heard of Salem. People in Salem had heard of Gary but urged a visitor to steer clear of it.
Gary, in the northwest corner of the state, is part of "the Region" or "the Calumet Region," Indiana's manufacturing communities near Lake Michigan that are rooted to Chicago, Mr. Obama's home. Salem is one of the agricultural towns stretching south of Bloomington, a traditional base for conservative and moderate Democrats (like the late Gov. Frank O'Bannon) where the accents and the music feel tied to Kentucky and where Mrs. Clinton is expected to do well.
Indianapolis, the state's capital and its most populous city, exists as its own universe smack in the state's center. Democratic officials say Mr. Obama is likely to have a strong showing there.
And there are other pockets and subpockets — around Fort Wayne, Evansville, South Bend, Terre Haute — each with its own complicated political tastes in a tangled mosaic that was created, mainly, by 19th-century immigration patterns.
There is added mystery this year. Recent history cannot be called upon to sort out the most likely patterns for a Democratic presidential primary; the last primary that mattered much here happened four decades ago. And all bets were off about which regions would matter the most, given the more than 200,000 new voters who have registered this year, the Republicans who say they plan to vote — either out of inspiration or mischief — in the Democratic primary, and the record 127,000 early voters who had cast ballots by Friday.
In Salem, people told of struggles familiar in the Midwest's small towns. Many still farm, but more and more, people make long commutes to jobs in places like Louisville and grapple with rising gasoline prices. Without an interstate highway through town, Salem has struggled to lure industry. And Mayor David Bower, who grew up on a dairy farm, said he worried that too many young people were moving away.
"We really do represent Middle America here," Mr. Bower said.
Several weeks ago, Mr. Bower, who described himself as "a very conservative Democrat — fiscally and morally," intended to stay neutral in the presidential race, he said. But after Mrs. Clinton's daughter, Chelsea, came to Salem, listening to the middle school band and answering students' questions, he announced he was backing Mrs. Clinton.
Many interviewed in the square here said they, too, planned to vote for Mrs. Clinton. She is more experienced, they said. Some pointed to better economic times during the presidency of her husband, Bill, and said they expected similar conditions with her.
As for Mr. Obama, some said they had no problem voting for a black candidate but feared that other people here, older people especially, might. "Even right here there are areas where people would not vote for him because of race," said George M. Green, a 62-year-old truck driver.
Indiana has a complicated racial history. In the 1920s, it was seen as a Ku Klux Klan stronghold. Then, in the 1950s and 1960s, its laws regarding the treatment of blacks were slow to change, said James H. Madison, a professor of history at Indiana University in Bloomington and the author of "A Lynching in the Heartland: Race and Memory in America," which recounted the 1930 lynching of two black men in Marion.
"Some of the cultural issues linger on," Mr. Madison said.
The state's black residents, many of whom live in the Region and in Indianapolis, make up only about 9 percent of the state's 6.3 million people, but their numbers have grown in recent years at a faster rate than the state's overall growth.
In the shadows of the steel mills, Gary, which is 84 percent black, has seen better days. Since the late 1960s, the loss of tens of thousands of steel jobs and white flight have transformed a place that once called itself the City of the Century. Older residents point sadly down Broadway, reminiscing about the downtown street that once was a bustling promenade of shops, now far quieter with some stores shuttered.
When teachers in the Gary schools took students to vote, Mr. Clay and others drew criticism from a neighboring city, Hammond, which is 72 percent white. Mr. Clay said the teachers viewed the trips as an important civics lesson, not a chance to press for any candidate in particular. "I thought it was a great idea," Mr. Clay said.
Thomas M. McDermott Jr., the mayor of Hammond and a vocal supporter of Mrs. Clinton, said his concern about the trips was over the use of school money for buses and gas.
Mr. McDermott said his office had received hundreds of calls since he voiced his concerns. Many callers accused him of being a racist, he said, adding that the episode had been painful.


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Avoiding The Ogoni Tragedy In Idumuje-Ugboko, By Owei Lakemfa
In this position, he campaigned vigorously against the destructive activities of transnational oil corporations in Ogoniland. At a point, whenever he issued press statements, he sent them to me for dissemination in media houses, and publication in the VANGUARD Newspapers where I worked and he was a columnist.
by Owei Lakemfa Dec 06, 2021
I was close to the environmentalist and writer, Ken Saro-Wiwa. We often dicussed the Niger Delta and environmental pollution. At a point, he was made the Spokesperson of the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People, MOSOP.
Then disagreements arose within the Ogoni elites which also affected MOSOP. For instance, while Ogoni elites led by Chief Edward Nna Kobani, who was Campaign Director General of Chief Moshood Abiola in the June 12, 1993 presidential election, campaigned that Ogonis vote for him, the MOSOP under Saro-Wiwa and its youth wing, the National Youth Council of Ogoni People, NYCOP, decided that the Ogonis should boycott the election.
There were also differences in opinion on how to handle the oil companies operating in Ogoniland. When the internal disagreements continued, the founding MOSOP president, Dr. Garrick Barilee Leton, a former Minister of Education, and his executive resigned and Saro-Wiwa took over.
When in 1994, the Abacha military regime decided to hold a Constitutional Conference which many thought was a disingenuous way of the dictator trying to hold on to power by transforming into a civilian president, Saro-Wiwa disagreed and decided to attend.
I met him a few days before he left Lagos for Ogoniland to campaign to be elected a delegate to the Abacha conference. Dr. Beko Ransome-Kuti, then President of the anti-military coalition, Campaign for Democracy, CD, and I tried to dissuade Saro-Wiwa from attending the Abacha conference.
MOSOP was one of the affiliates of the CD and since the organisation and other pro-democracy organisations had decided to boycott the conference, we thought it inadvisable for MOSOP to break ranks. But Saro-Wiwa stuck to his guns and went for his campaign rally in Ogoniland which held on May 21, 1994. However, the regime appeared not to want him at its conference either; the junta's security men escorted him out of Ogoniland.
While the campaign rally was on, Ogoni elites who were not on Saro-Wiwa's side, were holding a meeting in the Gokana part of Ogoni. This meeting was attacked by some youths and four of the attendees were hacked to death. These were Chief Edward Kobani, former MOSOP Vice President; Albert Tombari Badey, a former Secretary to the Government and Head of Service to the Rivers State government from 1987-1993; Samuel Orage and Theophilus Orage, brothers-in-law of Saro-Wiwa. He and 15 others were accused of masterminding the murders and tried by a tribunal. Six, including then MOSOP Deputy President, Ledum Mitee, were freed, while Saro-Wiwa and eight others were on November10, 1995, hanged for the murders.
The deaths were an unmitigated tragedy from which Ogoniland has not recovered and the country may never be able to wash itself clean.
Today, 26 years later, another intra-communal crises is on, this time in Idumuje-Ugboko in Aniocha North Local Government Area of Delta State. As in the Ogoni case, the elites in the town have disagreements that have split them into two antagonistic camps. Like MOSOP, the Idumuje Ugboko Development Union is split into two, and clashes have already occurred, including a serious one in May 2017 in which two persons reportedly died. This is disputed by the other faction.
This year has also witnessed skirmishes.
Chief Chris Ogwu, the Iyase (Prime Minister) of the town was my senior in the then University of Ife (Now, Obafemi Awolowo University). In my first year, which was his final year, I stayed four rooms away, while one of my best friends, John Onwah, stayed in the same room with him.
He was a noted footballer. When I went for the National Youth Service Corps, NYSC, programme in Kano, Chris was working there as a journalist and he welcomed me with a memorable outing. We later worked together in the GUARDIAN Newspapers where he rose to be Sports Editor. When my maternal grandmother died in 2000 and was buried in Oleh, Delta State, Chris drove all the way from Lagos to attend.
You can imagine how shocked I was when he told me that during the May 2017 disturbances in the town, he was brutalised, his legs dislocated, his cars and house vandalised. On the opposite side of the conflict is Azuka Jebose Molokwu, one of the most conscientious journalists I have ever come across.
He was a very resourceful journalist who carries out campaigns for peoples' rights, including the right of journalists to receive just wages. Even from his new base in the United States, he waged a war against a powerful media organisation, forcing it to pay staff entitlements, including to those who had disengaged.
I also know a few other persons on both sides of the divide in this potentially debilitating but avoidable war in which princes are digging trenches on opposite sides and the rich and powerful in the town are standing eyeball to eyeball. In the meantime, the contentious issues, like the COVID-19 virus, are mutating. Initially the primary issue appeared to be over land, now the central issue is more of a tussle over succession: which faction wins the traditional crown in succession to the late King Albert Nwoko.
Inter-communal conflicts, like those in a family, are unending. They can go on for generations and would potentially cripple development and needed unity. With such conflicts, the community becomes quite vulnerable. It becomes like a body with weak immune system which is susceptible to opportunistic diseases. Africans say it is only when the wall opens itself the lizard can have the opportunity of penetrating it.
The issue is not what the truth in the conflict is: each side would always have its truths, otherwise they would not have the followers they parade. Also, the important thing is not which side is correct; even if the courts so rule, it may not change the reality on ground which basically is that the people of Idumuje-Ugboko are divided. There can be no ready winners in a fratricidal war; as the reality in Ogoniland shows, there can only be losers and this can go on for generations.
The rest of us do not need to wait for a bloodbath in the town before trying to make peace. The Delta State Government has the duty to bring all sides together, more so when rampaging bandits in the country can build a base there. The National Orientation Agency can also move in; so should organisations interested in peace and conflict resolution. On this score, if anybody is game, so am I.


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IDB will hold Policy Dialogue and Forum on Better Management and Public Expenditure
Decision-makers and experts from Latin American and Caribbean countries will hold the Regional Fiscal Policy Dialogue and the Third International Forum of the Decentralization Network and Subnational Fiscal Management in Sao Paulo, Brazil, which will address the issue of better management and quality of public spending The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), through the Fiscal Management Division, will conduct the Regional Fiscal Policy Dialogue and the Third International Forum of the Decentralization and Subnational Fiscal Management Network of Latin America and the
Ecuador will strengthen fiscal stability with IDB support
Ecuador will strengthen its fiscal stability framework by optimizing the ownership of public companies of the executive function with a loan of $75 million approved by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). This reform program aims to recalibrate the country's growth engines, acting as a catalyst for private sector development and improving the competitiveness of the economy for all its citizens.
Study analyzes challenges faced by Central America as it seeks sustainable development
A new publication uses analysis of trade, investment, migration, the financial sector, raw materials, and natural resources to propose policy options The Inter-American Development Bank and the Latin American Center for Competitiveness and Sustainable Development (CLACDS) of INCAE Business School have presented in San Jose, Costa Rica, a book entitled "The Future of Central America: Challenges for Sustainable Development", w
IDB announces the finalists for the Superheroes of Development Award
The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) today announced the eight finalists for the second edition of its Superheroes of Development Award, which recognizes the innovative solutions devised and valuable lessons learned by executing agencies while implementing development projects in Latin America and the Caribbean.
IDB highlights strengths of Central America in the face of external economic challenges
Two new studies on the region examine the current economic landscape and the work that the IDB Group has carried out over the last year. The economy of Central America and the Dominican Republic has continued to grow over the past year, although at significantly different rates depending on the country. For 2018, growth is estimated at 3.8 percent, a level similar to that of 2017, thanks to a robust economic performance by the region´s main trading partner, the United States.
Eric Parrado appointed as new chief economist for the IDB
The Inter-American Development Bank announced today that starting March 1 Eric Parrado Herrera will take over as the new chief economist and general manager of the IDB's Research Department. A Chilean national, Parrado is Professor of Economics and Finance at the ESE Business School of Universidad de los Andes in Santiago, Chile, and visiting professor at the University of Oxford and the Central European University.
Latin American and Caribbean exports rise but at a slower rate
Exports from Latin America and the Caribbean hit their highest level in six years thanks to a 9.9 percent increase in 2018, albeit amid growing downside risks in the future, according to a new report by the Inter-American Development Bank. The region exported $1.08 trillion last year. While this is the highest level since record exports in 2012, the rise fell short of the 12.2 percent growth rate for 2017. The region's performance also lagged a worldwide trade increase of 11.6 percent for the Jan-Sept period (compared to the same period the previous year).
Government spending waste costs Latin America and Caribbean 4.4% of GDP: IDB study
Inefficiencies and fraud in procurement, civil service and targeted transfers could be as large as $220 billion a year Report includes policy recommendations to improve spending in healthcare, education, infrastructure and public safety


Sainsbury's Local is easily accessible at 69 High Street,, a 3.77 mile distance south-east from the centre of Wakefield, in Crofton (nearby High Street Hare Park Lane). Customers can easily come here from New Crofton, Wintersett, Crofton, Sharlston Common, Foulby, Sharlston, Heath and New Sharlston. Doors are open here today (Thursday) from 6:30 am until 11:00 pm. Here you may find opening hours, address particulars or telephone number for Sainsbury's Crofton, Wakefield.
Sainsbury's Local is prominently located close to the crossroads of High Street and Hare Park View, in Crofton, Wakefield.
Ideally situated a 1 minute drive from Walton View, Bedford Close, Towers Close or Claremont Crescent; a 3 minute drive from The Avenue, Harrison Road or Doncaster Road; and a 10 minute trip from Weeland Road or Wakefield Road. For this location the Satellite Navigation postcode is WF4 1NG.
Get off the bus at High Street Crofton, High Street Meadowfields Road, High Street Hare Park Lane or High Street Rectory Crescent.
The train runs to Streethouse Station (2.10 mi) and Sandal And Agbrigg Station (2.61 mi away). Your line: Northern.
The store is a short walk to Crofton Park, Crofton Academy, Walton Nature Reserve, Crofton Infant School, St Joseph's Church and Old Sharlston Cc.
With this store, Sainsbury's operates 6 different locations in Wakefield, West Yorkshire.
Look over a complete directory of Sainsbury's locations near Wakefield.
Please take into consideration that the operating times for Sainsbury's in Crofton, Wakefield may differ from usual times over UK public holidays. The exceptions apply to Xmas, New Year's Day, Easter Monday or Summer Bank Holiday. Have a look at the official homepage when planning your trip to Sainsbury's Crofton, Wakefield, or call the customer care line at 0800 636 262 for precise info about the holiday hours of opening.
It's our desire to provide you with the most up-to-date information. If you find discrepancies in the address details or open hours for Sainsbury's in Crofton, Wakefield, please inform us by utilizing the report a problem form. Support potential customers by writing your comments about Sainsbury's in the space below. Please also use the star scale to rate the store.


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Q: Select all elements from row to include input field with name array jquery I'm having problems selecting input field with name array with the rest of the elements from a row that has: input, select, textarea. I'm doing the following:
$(".UpdateMe").click(function() {

    var id = $(this).attr("id");
    var row_id = $("#trCharges" + id);

        var row = {};
        $(row_id).find('input,select,textarea').each(function() {
            row[$(this).attr('name')] = $(this).val();
        });

       console.log(row);

});

The above code works on elements's that doesn't have name as an array. For the input with name array It is only getting the last value. I would like to get everything from row including the ones with name array, i.e. field with name="anarray[]".
 I could separate get each of those input with name array like these:

aname = [];
 $(row_id).find(".NameArray").each(function() {
     aname.push({
         name: $(this).attr('name'),
         value: $(this).val()
     });
 });

 But, I would like to know how to do all together.

Any ideas?

A: I ended up using serializeArray() to get all elements from the row.
var params = $(row_id).find('input, select, textarea').serializeArray();

console.log(params);

This gave me all values to include those with name array. It is easier than doing it by hand which still don't know how to do it.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Among the broad array of services, there exists Service of ISO Consultancy. We provide ISO Certification Services to add value to organizations by offering advice on appropriate areas of operation. The ISO 9001: 2000 consultancy Services Provided by us are available at reasonable rates. We invite you to come and become a part of our family and avail these excellent services.
Our company specializes in providing the intensive and exclusive services towards Project Consultancy. The quality of services offered by us is simply unique and that too cost effective. We consider client satisfaction as our prime objective for providing Project Consultancy services. In addition to high quality services, we also have very reasonable cost to offer you.


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Photo Gallery: Northside Festival 2012
In the beginning, The L Magazine's Northside Festival was a small-scale celebration of Williamsburg and Greenpoint's indie music scene at a handful of venues in those neighborhoods, each night bringing a selection of the area's best local bands. By its fourth year, the event had grown into Brooklyn's own mini-South by Southwest; Northside's headquarters, once a bar's back room, stretched out to fill an airplane hangar-size warehouse, and its scope expanded to encompass film, art, and entrepreneurship. But as far as we're concerned, the festival's biggest draw was still the music. For four days, big-name acts like Jens Lekman, of Montreal, GZA, The Olivia Tremor Control, and Kool Keith invaded the borough, joining those same excellent local musicians who still comprise Northside's core, while the Internet's new favorite teenage rapper, Kitty Pryde, made her New York debut. We've collected some photos and highlights from an excellent weekend of music below.
Photo credit: Sean Ruch
Zambri Thursday 6/14, Knitting Factory
It's a shame Zambri had to play so early, to such a sparse crowd, because we count their performance among the best of the weekend. Sisters Cristi Jo and Jessica Zambri filled the stage with synths and microphones (including a truly inspired dual-microphone necklace that brought some analog realness to the vocal-delay trend), their goth-pop vocals and Seth Kasper's apocalyptic drum booms combining to create a sound that could fill far bigger rooms.
Cold Cave Thursday 6/14, Europa
Greenpoint's Europa, which is a Polish dance club on nights when it's not hosting punk shows, made an unexpectedly appropriate setting for darkwave duo Cold Cave. The band's noisier-Depeche-Mode schtick is perfectly wonderful on record, but while the performance was still a good time, it often slid into Euro-cheese territory, and we couldn't help giggling a bit as Wesley Eisold and Prurient's Dominick Fernow did straight-faced, Ian Curtis-style spastic dances. We remember when Caralee McElroy was in Cold Cave, and we miss those days.
The Thermals Friday 6/15, McCarren Park
After a wonderfully and then slightly disappointingly dark opening night of Northside, we were back in sunny Williamsburg for a brighter, outdoor triple bill: of Montreal, Jens Lekman, and The Thermals. (Beach Fossils played earlier in the afternoon, but us working stiffs missed them.) Despite an audience still trickling in from a line that stretched around the block, veteran Portland-based three-piece The Thermals played an exuberant set of fan favorites from throughout their career ("No Culture Icons," "A Pillar of Salt," "Now We Can See," etc.), along with some promising new tracks from a forthcoming album.
Jens Lekman Friday 6/15 McCarren Park
Do they call Jens Lekman The Nicest Guy in Indie Rock? Well, they should. After his band members were denied visas to come to the US for this performance, in which Lekman had intended to premiere a slew of new songs, he was forced to cede his headlining spot to of Montreal and come up with an alternate plan. But it was no loss to see him do a solo acoustic set of familiar singles like "A Postcard to Nina" and "The Opposite of Hallelujah," and exhorting his smitten audience to stand in as backup singers. When the performance was over, The Nicest Guy in Indie Rock hung out and talked to each one of the hundred or so fans who lined up to meet him.
of Montreal Friday 6/15, McCarren Park
By now it should be clear that Friday evening's McCarren Park show may as well have been called Night of the Indie Rock Dreamboats. On the heels of The Thermals' Hutch Harris and then Jens Lekman came of Montreal, fronted by the reliably glammed-up Kevin Barnes, in a new (at least to our eyes) asymmetrical haircut. Although the set started off a bit rough, and we worried that of Montreal were best appreciated in a darkened venue after a few glasses of bubbly, the band hit its stride, blowing through new stuff ("Wintered Debts" and "Spiteful Intervention," from excellent but negatively reviewed Paralytic Stalks), standbys from 2007's classic Hissing Fauna, Are You the Destroyer?, and even a cover of Led Zeppelin's "Immigrant Song." Of course, it's not an of Montreal show without dancers in head-to-toe spandex creating decadent tableaux; this time, they crowdsurfed. The big surprise was how many tracks from 2008's Skeletal Lamping — largely an experiment in creating songs that felt like mash-ups — made it into the set, and how great even the album's most obscure moments ("Women's Studies Victims," "St. Exquisite's Confessions") sounded after being reworked for live performance.
Kitty Pryde Friday 6/15, Knitting Factory
Brian Wilson called Smile a "teenage symphony to God." Kitty Pryde's music might be best described as "teenage dream-rap to the Internet," but what the musicians have in common is an acute awareness of the intrinsic "teenageness" of their endeavor. Roughly eight hours after The Thermals took the stage in McCarren Park, the 19-year-old Florida rapper made her New York City debut to a substantial — but by no means packed — crowd at the Knitting Factory. Flanked by her best friend and little brother, whose haircut prompted chants of "blond Skrillex!" (he responded with a good-natured fist pump), she announced that it was her first show for an audience that wasn't largely comprised of personal friends.
Other critics have pointed out the awkwardness of her live performance, but what they don't seem to get is that with Kitty Pryde, awkwardness is the performance, and it's charming in the same way as that dog.'s 1997 ode to teen romance, Totally Crushed Out! She was full of jokes and anecdotes about boys she liked who only wanted her to promote their band (and are now, by the way, getting married). Her delivery was imperfect in just the right way, full of winsome moments and spontaneous asides. After the crowd responded in a big way to a perceived dig at Kreayshawn, she assured us that it was not a diss: "I love Kreayshawn!" The "rap game Taylor Swift" is what Kitty Pryde is selling, and that's who we saw at 2 a.m. at the Knitting Factory, with her parents hanging out at the back of the room and wincing at the curse words.
Laura Stevenson and the Cans Saturday 6/16, Music Hall of Williamsburg
Having spent more than the equivalent of a full work day at shows on Friday, we were somewhat exhausted by the time Saturday rolled around. But we surely would have regretted it if we hadn't mustered the energy to see The Olivia Tremor Control with Laura Stevenson and the Cans at Music Hall of Williamsburg. Brooklyn's own Stevenson is a friendly and genuine performer with a warm folk-rock sound and a stadium voice, her lyrics both confessional and humorous. We've seen her enough times to know that she'll always warn you when she's got a sad song coming up, and let you know how long you'll have to wait for a happy one. This is utterly unnecessary, as even her most melancholy songs are never a drag, but it's endearing nonetheless.
The Olivia Tremor Control Saturday 6/16, Music Hall of Williamsburg
Northside didn't officially end until Sunday, but a prior commitment meant we had to cut our experience a bit short. Luckily, there was no better way to finish off an excellent three days of music than with Elephant 6 all-star band The Olivia Tremor Control. Although they haven't put out an album since 1999, the collective still goes out on tour every once in a while, and has spent the past few years teasing a new full-length. (Last year's single, The Game You Play Is In Your Head, seems to suggest that this might actually happen.) As always, their psych-pop set was loose and fun, the band's talented musicians switching instruments after every song — and sometimes in the middle of songs — and laughing through inevitable technical difficulties. It was a special treat to see the jovial, white-bearded Scott Spillane, of The Gerbils and Neutral Milk Hotel, pull out his bright white sousaphone for the performance.


In past decades we discovered smoking was one of the biggest threats to public health. Now we know there is even bigger threat - lack of physical activity. About 2/3 of European population do not meet the recommended amount of physical activity. As a consequence physical inactivity contributes to 1 million deaths in Europe. Europe has to get moving again!
To get Europe moving we started the NowWeMOVE campaign, which invites all sectors to work together to get 100 million more Europeans physically active by 2020. When the NowWeMOVE campaign started in 2012, it established MOVE Week as its flagship event. It called for MOVE Agents to organise events in their communities and register them on the official website to celebrate the collective impact they were having in their own countries and as a combined European movement. The numbers were impressive: 250 MOVE Agents organised 120 events in 23 countries attracting 140,000 participants. In 2013 they were even better: 600 MOVE Agents, 1259 events, 30 countries and 500,000 participants.
In 2014 they went through the roof: 2350 MOVE Agents, 5601 events, 38 countries and 1 million participants! And 2015 is expected to be even bigger.
Become and MOVE Agent and join in Europe's biggest community sport and physical activity event - MOVE Week - this September. Follow the links below and find out when MOVE Week is happening in your country.


The binding sites of Copper atom in the structure of Solution Structure Of The Cu(I) Form Of the Sixth Soluble Domain A69P Mutant of Menkes Protein (pdb code 1yjt). This binding sites where shown with 5.0 Angstroms radius around Copper atom.
The 1yjt structure was solved by L.BANCI, I.BERTINI, F.CANTINI, M.MIGLIARDI, A.ROSATO, S.WANG, with NMR in Solution technique.


มาเจอกันได้ หนึ่งทุ่มตรงที่บ้าน The Sync งานนี้ใครที่อยากเปิดมุมมองในการค้นหาความสุขไม่ควรพลาด!
This question has been a final thought for the entire human race because -no matter what we do, where we live, and which religion we believe in- we all want to reach happiness.
As the global economic downturn has gone to nowhere; the tension between US and Iran seems to affect oil prices; the tensions in South China Sea could be the new Palestinian conflict in Asia-Pacific; and not to mention to Thai politics, which has gone to a severe crisis, we find themselves in a difficult place to reach happiness.
To define this word, happiness can refer to an emotional state of well-being, the scientific analysis of how people evaluate their lives at the one moment in time or a longer period of time such as the past years. These evaluations also include people's emotional reactions to events, their moods, judgments about their life satisfaction and fulfillment in various domains such as marriage and work (Diener et al, 2003). To get a result, most researchers focus on three components of subjective well-being: positive affect (PA), the presence of pleasant emotions such as joy, contentment, and affection, negative affect (NA), the relative absence of unpleasant emotions such as fear, anger, and sadness, and personal judgments about satisfaction. Taking the three components of subjective well-being together, a happy person is someone who is frequently cheerful, only occasionally sad, and generally satisfied with his or her life (Biswas-Diener, 2004).
In Buddhism's concepts, there are two kinds of happiness. The first one is sensual happiness, dependent on external material pleasures. This kind of happiness depends on material objects outside ourselves. This means that anyone devoted to its enjoyment tends to become a pleasure-seeker spending a lot of energy to enhance the ability to acquire goods to gratify his or her sense (Payutto, 1996). While pleasure-seekers try to gratify themselves with material objects, they fail to develop inner creativity, causing mental problems such as anxiety, depression, and stress. The second is happiness in terms of mental quality independent of material objects outside. This means that people not only develop the ability to acquire external objects but also develop the potential of creativity to create positive mental quality to deal with negative mental states as they get older. With this way, people tend to become the processor of happiness (Payutto, 1996). And this way is a higher level of happiness.
Without question, money could be a bridge to connect you to a state of well-being. Basically, people who have different cultures tend to understand what happiness is differently. But in capitalism, which almost every country believes in, money probably is the last answer for everyone. People work hard to get money to buy something concrete such as beautiful houses, sports cars, brand name products, great health insurance, education, and etc. This concept "how successful you are depends on how much money you earn" seems to be a criterion to judge people.
And, right now, because the world is too small and everything is connected through social media, politics, economics, and soft power, people in this planet tend to be informed with similar messages. People tend to get message from the same movies, listen the same songs, and watch the same news channel, such as CNN and BBC. With all of these reasons, people have been conceptualized with the same theme of messages.
But one research also indicated that money and richness are not all about happiness because people who live in the poverty can reach happiness in their own ways. For example, in Kolkata, more than a hundred thousand were homeless children in the city, and half of the 15 million inhabitants live below the poverty line. With these facts, they were supposed to have the most unpleasant life. However, the research, which was had been conducted by Robert Biswas-Diener, pointed that homeless people in Kolkata were more satisfied with their lives than homeless people in Fresno, California and Portland, Oregon because there were some other influential factors such as peers that people can rely on (Diener and Biswas-Diener, 2008).
So, what does happiness really mean? This umbrella term could have an individualistic answer for each, and no one can claim that he/she has the best answer. But what your view on happiness is can be a topic for sharing.


Bonjour à tous. J'ai un soucis avec les mods d'Aslain et Halabase, quand j'installe les mods;, certains fonctionneent ( skins, capitaine) et certain ne fonctionnement pas et suppriment certain éléments de l'UI au lieu de les remplacer. Par exemple, j'ai perdu a barre du haut, les panneaux latéréaux avec les enemis / alliés. Des idées?
Hi there. I've tried to mod WOWS using two packs : the Aslain , and the Hakabase but both give me the same error Instead of the 'new' UI ( or even the old one) I get nothing ( see screenshot). Other elements of the MOD do work ( new ports and captain skins, sounds and others) For exemple, you can see the name on top of the enemy ship indicator. There should be a new and improved tchat, icons on the top part of the screen . Any clue?
Sir,you have a problem. I didn't ask for nice or polite, just basic respect.... I can't see where it was shown that ranking up 15 would grant me a premium day, and even so, the granting of the premium day doesn't have to be "right here right now" but could be delayed. It's like someone offers you a fine bottle of your favorite booze, and you have to chug it down and not keeping it for a special occasion. The point you're missing I think it's that I don't reject the gift or the system you love so much, it's that it's an easy tweak to make a "premium day" collectible that you can use like a coupon in arsenal and it wouldn't hurt anyone and benifts to all. Surely you can see that?
Greetings. This is a suggestion I think would benefit everywhere without drawbacks I think, neither for the player or for wargaming. Sometimes, we get to win a "Premium Day" from mission, or ranking-reward, which takes effect immediately. My suggestion is simple. Can we make it not immediate? Like a bonus to us another day? For some reason, I just got a 24hpremium bonus, but... i'm leaving in about 15 minutes for the weekend.... This is frustrating.
Alright. Thanks for your imput everyone. So basically, check next ships which REALLY need their module and invest free xp in them, and grind CO OP battle if necessary. So, since i've been going rather blindly up to now, any of those particularly weak ships I need to look forward to? When you speak aobut "manual attacks", you mean "moving the arrown on the circle around the ship i'm torpedo bombing"?
Hi all I'm fairly new at this games and i'd like some adivce / answers. Here you go. I just purchased a new ship after completely upgrading my Hosho. I am now left with a "vanilla" Zuho and a Elite Hosho. I heard you can convert Elite XP with doubloons. Here is my question : Should I play with Hosho to gather free xp, and invest it in Zuho? Should I play with Zuho straight away, even if the ship is sub-optimal?


Houston's first full-scale craft beer bar is still its most respected, if a little worn around the edges from years of cask-tappings and vertical tastings. And though it's greatly expanded from its initial days as a beer bar tucked into a converted neighborhood gas station — with a big rear patio and equally big parking lot across the street — Petrol is still as friendly and cozy as ever. Grab a beer from the constantly changing selection of eccentrics and solid favorites, and the kitchen is back open after renovations.


Learning the basic techniques of suturing quickly and correctly is now possible with the complete suturing course of EduStitch. Most medicine studies pay little or no attention to suturing skills and we considered it useful to develop a practical training method. The suturing course is packaged in a single box: a complete suturing kit to teach you how to suture. Both the EduStitch training method and educational materials have been developed in collaboration with the Faculty of Medicine at Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
In this (accelerated) instructional video you will see how easy it is to learn suturing with the EduStitch suturing pad. The flexible top layer, which imitates the skin allows you to practice as often as you want to. Click here for a complete product description.


Fresh on the heels of a month of delicious espresso blends from our friends at Cuvée, we're super excited to share two single origin espressos with you from the folks at Sweet Bloom. You've probably heard of Sweet Bloom's Andy Sprenger—a former US Brewer's Cup champion and world runner-up in both Brewer's Cup and Taster's Cup. These two coffees—Eibar Rojas and Duromina—are incredibly delicious and should make for a fascinating month of comparison. If you're part of the Espresso Subscription, you'll find detailed info about your coffees below. Enjoy!
Most of the coffees we source from Colombia come from the Huila and Nariño department, so we are happy to offer this gem from the Cauca. Eibar Rojas's farm, Santo Tomas, sits high in the northwest corner of Colombia near the municipality of Pedgregal. He's been producing coffee for 18 years now and his experience shows. Harvesting only ripe cherries and careful processing lead to a wonderfully clean and sweet cup.
A little over 100 small scale producers contribute their fruit to this co-op. The floral aromatics are stunning, and can be found in the cup as well, playing nicely with notes of apricot and lychee. Truly a lovely spring coffee.
Pulled a handful of shots of Eibar Rojas on my Linea Mini. It's a very bright, tart flavor, much like the shots I get from Belle…perhaps even more so. Everything is dialed-in perfectly as per the recipe; dose in 17g basket, 30# tamp, 1:2 ratio, time, temp, CG water.
Is everyone else in agreement that this blend is very tart, or is something out of parameters on my setup?
I haven't tried it yet, but it may need a little more rest. I did try the Duromina this morning and I think it needs a little more post-roast rest time, but almost there.
Should we do any preinfusion with these beans?


Now the new "HMO regulation changes" are in place, what does that mean for you, the landlord? In some cases, it doesn't mean too much, but in others, a whole lot of work is afoot.
In this post we break down what the changes into two sections. The first considers work for landlords of existing HMOs. The second is for landlords of properties that are only now considered HMOs.
Where your property was already considered an HMO from a regulatory point of view, there's still work to do. One important job is to conduct a thorough review of your property/ies and make the relevant improvements required by the new HMO regulation changes.
One detail that could cause concern, is to ensure the property is 'suitable for the number of occupants'. A minimum room size is still under discussion by the Government. So, there's no strict rule on this – yet. But, as a minimum room size is still on the table, licensing professionals will likely take it into account during property assessments.
That makes it important and means, you should keep it in mind, too. After all, it's better to have a license and earn a little less rent. Particularly if the alternative is to earn more rent without a licence, only to receive a fine later on.
Suitable storage and removal of rubbish.
Ensure the registered landlord is suitable for 'fit and proper' management test. Most landlords are law abiding citizens, but there are a few rogues around. This measure is to make it easier to remove 'rogue landlords' from the market and safeguard tenants.
Send in a copy of your annual gas safety certificates every year.
Ensure installation and maintenance of smoke alarms.
Have to-hand the safety certificates for all electrical appliances.
Where your property wasn't considered a HMO, but now is, you might have a little more work on your hands.
As well as the above, you may need to add more bathroom and kitchen facilities to meet the 'suitable for the number of occupants' rule. This can be an expensive job. However, if it's the difference between the council granting you an HMO license and them not, you should make the investment.
Keep all your certification for appliances and gas checks in order and make a habit of it. This can be hard at first, but it's essential. If you use a lettings agent or property management firm, they can do this for you. While it comes at a cost, it also saves you the worry and hassle of sending the council the relevant paperwork as and when required.
Whether you own an existing, or newly classified HMO, it's hard work to meet all the regulatory requirements with the new HMO regulation changes. And that's before you throw tenants into the mix! If you think your time would be better spent elsewhere, then get in touch with us at Incrent.
As rent-to-rent specialists we're lettings regulations and market requirements experts. We'll guarantee your rent and also help make any changes to your property to satisfy the new HMO regulations. We know exactly what's needed and will ensure it's all put in place, to a good standard that satisfies your tenants and the regulators!
For more information about HMO regulations, click here for the Government's guide to HMO licensing.
Two ordinary guys who turned their passion into a business.
Focused on how to Increase Your Rental Income.


text:
YouTube Heats Up VR Market
Ariella Brown
On June 22, the New York Times reported that, with the exception of the gaming industry, VR has proven a disappointment. It cites weak sales for VR headsets and the fact that all the "dabbling" in VR ventures has not amounted to serious strides.
But that may change with a boost from YouTube. The Google-owned video site is promoting the development of VR videos with new resources and tools that help developers and may make VR videos more attractive for marketing.
Which VR elements in a video get the most attention? That's something that creators are able to track with Heatmaps, a feature that YouTube rolled "for 360-degree and VR videos with over 1,000 views" on June 16.
You can see an example of a heatmap applied to a music video here:
The map reveal not just which sections draw the eye but even how much time viewers devote to it for comprehensive video analytics. The blog on the announcement also includes some general tips to improving the "immersive video" experience.
For video creators who are really seriously about learning how to exploit the possibilities of VR, YouTube extended applications for intensive training at VR Creator Lab. To create the VR creator Lab, YouTube partnered with VR Scout, and VR Playhouse.
Those who are selected for the program receive "advanced education from leading VR instructors, 1:1 mentoring, and $30,000 to $40,000 in funding toward the production of their dream projects." The applicants had to already have a channel that is not linked to a consumer brand and agree to set YouTube as the exclusive publisher for the videos produced in the lab for the first year.
Applicants also need to:
Have produced and published at least two 360° videos to their channel
Have a YouTube channel with at least 10,000 subscribers (or 1,000 subscribers if registered in the YouTube Nonprofit Program)
Have no current copyright or Terms of Service strikes on the qualifying channel(s)
Have completedan "Unlock the Space" orientation (this can be done after acceptance to the Lab, if not already completed)
While VR Creator Lab is not intended for brand channels, the techniques that will be developed will undoubtedly come to enhance the video marketing strategies that some companies are already using. For example, the Australian airline Qantas, already has a number of 360° videos to showcase the attractions of its destinations. Among the most popular ones is a VR visit to Hamilton Island. It also draws on a three-way partnership involving Qantas, Hamilton Island and Samsung.
The video is designed to be viewed on 1440p (HD) or 2160p (4K).
The partnership makes sense to highlight the beauty of the place, the ability of the equipment to capture it, and the airline that can bring you there in person. In addition to showing off particular places, VR videos are also used to depict the experience of amusement park rides or what it's like to explore a particular museum or fly in balloon with sweeping, panoramic views.
VR is not reserved solely for capturing grandeur. As smartphones can be used for image capture, some businesses, like iStaging are making it possible to share 360° of properties for sale. Should the people at iStaging work in the kind of heatmaps YouTube is offering for those videos, they would also discover which features draw the eyes of customers the most and can guide sellers toward more effective virtual staging.
There is great marketing potential there, and there is a lot to be discovered along the way. YouTube's current efforts for VR will likely give the industry the push it needs to be taken seriously, not just for entertainment but for marketing content and insight.
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Hillary Adler


text:
The Equalizer 2: Plot | Release Date | Trailer
Archit Singh
The Equalizer 2 will be here with its amazing actions!
The Equalizer is an American crime thriller created by Andrew Marlowe and Terry Miller. It is a reboot of a 1980s TV show of the same name in which Edward Woodward played the lead. In the current series though the lead is Queen Latifa. The Equalizer 2 is releasing soon!
The 10980 series has been adapted into movie format as well. The two parts of The Equalizer movies had Denzel Washington as the lead. The latest TV series has already launched a season 1 and the renewal of a new second season is confirmed already.
Check out the article to find out everything you need to know about Equalizer 2.
Plot of The Equalizer 2
Queen Latifah as Robyn Mccall
The Team of The Equalizer 2
The Cast of The Equalizer 2
Release date of The Equalizer 2
Robyn McCall used to work for the CIA. Now that she has retired, the agency is again trying to recruit her. She reclines. Now she works as the Equalizer whose job is to equalize the odds for her clients. To simply put it she helps people who cannot afford the necessary help.
Besides the aforementioned secret life, she is a single mother to a teenage daughter and both share a bit of a difficult relationship.
If you are looking for something horror then check out Mama 2!
Latifah has a commanding screen presence. The moment she enters the room, she demands all attention. She nails the role of a disillusioned cynic who rejects the ex CIA declaring that she is tired of considering people as numbers and does not want anything from the job.
She does an admirable job in her role. But a lot of critics believe that the action sequence could have been better. It felt like fight scenes were forced on her and a superfluous attempt was present all along to make her a super vigilante. Her way of speaking and approaches towards situations make her a relatable human being which contrasts the superhuman effort.
Despite the minor issues, it gives us hope that a woman of colour is playing the lead in an action drama. It tells that the typecast mindset might be changing after all!
If you re looking for something thrilling then check out Top 5 Thriller Movies!
Feturing the very talented team of The Equalizer 2
Robyn has a set of helping hands who always has her back. Her friends include Melody, a sharpshooter and her husband Harry, an excellent hacker, William Bishop, an influential mediator between Robyn and the agency. Aunt Vi has become her ally to keep Delilah(Robyn's daughter)safe. NYPD Detective Dante is a cross between an ally and non-ally but he does accept her help when needed.
Featuring a still from The Equalizer!
Season 1 was full of sassy dialogues, dramatic moments and lots of action. Season 1 finale ended up on a cliffhanger when Delil ah finds out the truth about her mother. When she found out her mother was about to leave she snuck out and hid inside her car. Then she finds out her mother's secret cache. In the final moments, she only asks one question, "who are you?"
This is where season 2 is supposed to pick up from. Chances are, it will be about how Robyn got into this and ended up here. Her connection with Dante too will become clear.
As the series was due for a renewal, Latifah thanked her fans. Without great support for the show, it would not have been possible.
If you are looking for something funny then check out Top 10 Comedy Movies!
The Equalizer 2 – Pascal Pedro on his mission to find a society of equals!
Queen Latifah as Robyn McCall, a.k.a. "The Equalizer".
Tory Kittles as Marcus Dante, an NYPD detective who crossed paths with Robyn more than once
Adam Goldberg as Harry Keshegian, Melody's husband and a master hacker who faked his death with Robyn's help.[
Liza Lapira as Melody "Mel" Bayani, ex sharpshooter, Roby's long time friend.
Laya DeLeon Hayes as Delilah McCall, Robyn's 15-year-old daughter
Lorraine Toussaint is Aunt Vi Robyn's caring aunt, who lives with Robyn and Delilah
Chris Noth as William Bishop, an ex–CIA director and old friend of Robyn's trying to recruit her.
It's available on Amazon Prime Video.
It seems season 2 of the show will be released on 10 th October 2021
The pandemic and a still world are testing our faith like before. Hope seems flickering. Violence abounds day by day. At this juncture shows like this are like a security blanket that makes us feel better knowing that we still care about justice. Odds must be equalized. At the end of the day, justice should never be exclusive to those who can afford it.
Have you watched the show? How do you like it compared to the original? Let us know your thoughts in the comments section below.
Categories: Crime, Entertainment, Hollywood, Show Series
Tags: The Equalizer 2, The Equalizer 2 availability, The Equalizer 2 cast, The Equalizer 2 director, The Equalizer 2 plot, The Equalizer 2 release date, The Equalizer 2 trailer


text:
using System;
using System.Linq;
using Elders.Cronus.AtomicAction.Redis.Config;
using Elders.Cronus.Userfull;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
using StackExchange.Redis;

namespace Elders.Cronus.AtomicAction.Redis.RevisionStore
{
    public class RedisRevisionStore : IRevisionStore
    {
        private ConnectionMultiplexer connection;

        /// <summary>
        /// This must be SINGLETON because we are doing => connection = ConnectionMultiplexer.Connect(configurationOptions);
        /// </summary>
        public RedisRevisionStore(IOptionsMonitor<RedisAtomicActionOptions> options)
        {
            var configurationOptions = ConfigurationOptions.Parse(options.CurrentValue.ConnectionString);

            connection = ConnectionMultiplexer.Connect(configurationOptions);
        }

        public Result<bool> SaveRevision(IAggregateRootId aggregateRootId, int revision)
        {
            return SaveRevision(aggregateRootId, revision, null);
        }

        public Result<bool> SaveRevision(IAggregateRootId aggregateRootId, int revision, TimeSpan? expiry)
        {
            if (ReferenceEquals(null, aggregateRootId)) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(aggregateRootId));

            if (connection.IsConnected == false)
                return Result.Error($"Unreachable endpoint '{connection.ClientName}'.");

            var revisionKey = CreateRedisRevisionKey(aggregateRootId);

            try
            {
                var result = connection.GetDatabase().StringSet(revisionKey, string.Join(",", revision, DateTime.UtcNow), expiry);

                return new Result<bool>(result);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                return Result.Error(ex);
            }
        }

        public Result<int> GetRevision(IAggregateRootId aggregateRootId)
        {
            if (ReferenceEquals(null, aggregateRootId)) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(aggregateRootId));

            if (connection.IsConnected == false)
                return new Result<int>().WithError($"Unreachable endpoint '{connection.ClientName}'.");

            var revisionKey = CreateRedisRevisionKey(aggregateRootId);

            try
            {
                var value = connection.GetDatabase().StringGet(revisionKey);
                if (value.HasValue == false)
                    return new Result<int>().WithError($"Missing value for {revisionKey} '{connection.ClientName}'.");
                var revisionValue = ((string)value).Split(',').First();

                return new Result<int>(int.Parse(revisionValue));
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                return new Result<int>().WithError(ex);
            }
        }

        public Result<bool> HasRevision(IAggregateRootId aggregateRootId)
        {
            if (ReferenceEquals(null, aggregateRootId)) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(aggregateRootId));

            if (connection.IsConnected == false)
                return Result.Error($"Unreachable endpoint '{connection.ClientName}'.");

            var revisionKey = CreateRedisRevisionKey(aggregateRootId);

            try
            {
                var result = connection.GetDatabase().KeyExists(revisionKey);

                return new Result<bool>(result);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                return Result.Error(ex);
            }
        }

        public void Dispose()
        {
            if (connection != null)
            {
                connection.Dispose();
                connection = null;
            }
        }

        private string CreateRedisRevisionKey(IAggregateRootId aggregateRootId)
        {
            var stringRawId = Convert.ToBase64String(aggregateRootId.RawId);

            return string.Concat("revision-", stringRawId);
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Claire reflects on her challenging five-day Mount Kenya charity expedition which she embarked on in February with fellow climbers, Kate and Dave, to raise vital funds for African Adventures Foundation.
The second Mount Kenya charity challenge for African Adventures Foundation which will see 100% of all funds raised go directly to supporting our partner projects.
Because African Adventures Ltd covers any costs associated with running the charity, African Adventures Foundation is able to ensure that 100% of the money you donate is sent to where it is needed most, meaning your fundraising really does make a difference.


text:
Garciaparra to undergo groin surgery
CHICAGO, April 26 (UPI) -- Chicago Cubs shortstop Nomar Garciaparra has decided to have surgery on his injured left groin.
Garciaparra suffered a ruptured tendon during an at-bat last week in St. Louis.
A report on mlb.com Tuesday said there is no timetable for Garciaparra's return and that he is "definitely cautiously optimistic that I'll have some season left this year."
Garciaparra said he felt the groin pop as he began to run to first base after hitting a grounder. He was carried off the field.
"I'm not going to have the surgery to repair the tendon," Garciaparra said, "but I am going to have a surgical procedure. It won't be as invasive, it's going to be more of a minor procedure."
Garciaparra was batting .157 for the season with no home runs and four runs batted in. He missed half of the 2004 season with various injuries.
Seattle Seahawks WR Josh Gordon suspended again
Kansas City Chiefs WR Sammy Watkins out vs. Cleveland Browns
Buffalo Bills beat Baltimore Ravens, return to AFC Championship Game
Former Masters winner Angel Cabrera arrested in Brazil
NFL playoffs, UFC on ABC, NHL fill weekend sports schedule
Oklahoma Sooners win NCAA Cotton Bowl


Bank of Ireland has been named as country winner in the Global Finance World's Best Consumer Digital Banks Awards for a second year in a row. This is the 18th year that Global Finance has named the World's Best Digital Banks.
First Round winners include Best Consumer Digital Banks, Best Corporate/Institutional Digital Banks, the Digital Banks of Distinction and the Best Islamic Digital Banks at the country level. Winners were selected in Africa, Asia-Pacific, Central & Eastern Europe, Latin America, the Middle East, North America and Western Europe. Also announced today were regional winners in Sub-Categories such as Best Information Security Initiatives, Best Web Site Design and Most Innovative Digital Bank.
The overall Regional and Global winners, and Global Sub-Category winners, will be revealed on 2 November in London at Global Finance's Best Digital Bank Awards dinner, which will follow the Digital Bank Conference at RSA House.


text:
Why China May Have Made a Massive Mistake in the South China Sea
February 7, 2017 Topic: Security Region: Asia Blog Brand: The Buzz Tags: ChinaSouth China SeaMilitaryTechnologyWorldU.S.
China may have forgotten a big bottleneck: geography.
by Grant Newsham
Secretary of State Rex Tillerson's comment during his confirmation hearing that the United States would deny China access to its man-made island bases in the South China Sea caused a predictable furor.
However, few people seriously think the US is going to blockade the islands. This is a poor option anyway.
China's military is not going to be rolled back and abandon the islands. It can't. Beijing's leadership has proven it is no better at running an economy than anyone else in human history. That only leaves restoring China's grandeur to justify Chinese Communist Party rule. Backing down in the face of US pressure would be humiliating and possibly threaten regime survival.
Even if the US has few decent options for direct military pressure on existing Chinese-held island bases, Tillerson's comments and subsequent statements by Trump Administration officials suggest an abrupt change in longstanding US policy towards China.
One might now anticipate an end to accommodationist (some would say, appeasement) policy under which the norm was 'de-escalation' whenever China did something provocative.
While the US more or less stood by, the People's Republic of China has come close to establishing de facto control of the South China Sea and greatly expanded its position inside the entire so-called 1st Island Chain. China's military can make an opponent's operations inside the chain extremely difficult – and this will become even more the case as the People's Liberation Army's capabilities increase.
However, China's leaders might ask themselves, 'now what…?'
China's strength inside the 1st Island Chain may not be the strategic advantage it seems – now that the United States appears willing to defend its interests.
Geography Class:
Regional geography is an unchanging variable and not in China's favor in this case as it leaves open the possibility that if push comes to shove, the US and its partners could hem Chinese forces inside the 1st Island Chain. And, if necessary, make life exceedingly difficult for Chinese forces operating inside the chain.
The geography makes the 1st Island Chain effectively a barrier. There are relatively few 'access (or exit) points' through the chain that stretches all the way from Japan in the north down past Taiwan, the Philippines, and Indonesia, and over to the Straits of Malacca in the south.
Access points can be easily defended against an adversary seeking to transit such channels. All can be covered and blocked using a combination of land and sea-based anti-ship missiles and long-range precision artillery, sea mines ('dumb' mines will do nicely, and 'smart' ones do even better), anti-aircraft systems, anti-submarine weapons, and the like.
Most of these weapons also can reach well inside the 1st Island Chain – and one should not forget Vietnam's ability to 'reach in' from the West. Japan has already started installing such a defensive network in its Ryukyu Islands.
The aforementioned 'asymmetrical' weapons do not take into account the considerable resources of the US (and other nations) in the form of naval combatant ships, submarines, airpower, Marines, and surveillance resources that can be used to block the 1st Island Chain.
With a newfound US backbone, particularly if solidly linked operationally and politically with Japan and its considerable, if latent, military resources other regional nations might feel more confident about asserting their own interests.
Much of the intellectual work for an efficient strategic defense centered on defending from the 1st Island Chain and making use of economic pressure has already been done by retired US Marine Colonel, TX Hammes – whose 'Offshore Control' concept is a useful initial blue-print the Trump Administration would do well to consider.
China's Miscalculation?
President Xi and his immediate predecessors perhaps didn't think through the geography angle as much as they might have. And China tipped its hand too soon in 2009 when it ended its so-called charm offensive, which was indeed lulling to sleep regional nations (and even many Americans), and started throwing its weight around.
Nowadays, almost nobody in Asia who isn't on the Beijing payroll, or hopes to be, sees China as benign. The more prevalent view is one of an acquisitive bully.
Scratch the surface even in Malaysia and the Philippines and there is plenty of resentment toward the People's Republic of China. And President Xi managed to do the near impossible by making Japan take its defense more seriously — something successive American administrations couldn't achieve.
The Chinese thinking appeared to be that after absorbing everything inside the 1st island chain and intimidating Japan, the 2d Island Chain would be next, as China moved from strength to strength – with nobody able or willing to resist.
Beijing perhaps had reason to believe the US 'wouldn't do anything' – and US behavior after the Scarborough Shoal standoff in 2012 between Philippine and Chinese vessels bore that out, as did successive invitations to RIMPAC while the island building effort was in full-swing. Add to that mix the United States' scant support for the Philippines after the Permanent Court of Arbitration ruling on the South China Sea in 2016.
So, for a scheme ultimately dependent on American acquiescence, Donald Trump's election threw a wrench into the works.
As welcome as a change in US policy might be, dealing with China's attempts to dominate East Asia will not be not be easy nor risk-free, unless one wishes to cede everything inside the 1st Island Chain in what would uncomfortably look like a reprise of the Sudetenland in 1938.
Things might get frightening as Chinese invective kicks in – and the inevitable physical confrontation – involving the US or one of its regional friends comes along.
Flash Point?:
One bellwether may be at Scarborough Shoal and the US response to a Chinese effort to 'fill' the shoal and build on it. Taiwan is also in for a hard time – not least given its strategic position on the 1st Island Chain, which potentially gives the mainland a foothold to 'break' the chain and have unfettered access into the Pacific.
Taking some risk on behalf of US interests is unavoidable – and at long last imposing some risk on China is called for – as Professors Toshi Yoshihara and James Holmes at the US Naval War College have advocated.
China needs to decide if potentially taking on the full might of the United States — to include serious economic costs (which the US is capable of inflicting) — is worth the effort and the drain on resources of continuing its drive to dominate East Asia and international waters and ocean territory of other nations.
With the right approach on the part of the US and like-minded nations, China may find that after all its effort to build island bases — ruining its image in the process and motivating Japan to take its defense seriously — it has merely done the 1917 equivalent of moving the Western Front a mile to the east – at great cost, but with few prospects for further advances.
Grant Newsham is a senior research fellow at the Japan Forum for Strategic Studies and a retired US Marine Officer.
This first appeared in AsiaTimes here.
Image Credit: U.S. Air Force Flickr.