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Your guide to this review is Pierce Lane
The Convenience of the Outdoor Gas Grill
Factors to Consider When Buying an Outdoor Gas Grill
1. Napoleon LEX 485 Propane Gas Grill
2. Weber Genesis E-310 Gas Grill
3. Broil King Baron 440 Gas Grill
4. Char-Broil Performance TRU Infrared 450 Gas Grill
5. Char-Broil Classic 360 Gas Grill
Best Outdoor Gas Grill Review – Top 5 Hottest List for Jan. 2020 with Buying Guide
There's something special about the smell of food being grilled over charcoal or wood.
It isn't really the smell of the food, of course; it's the smell of the burning fuel, which somehow feels more authentic and might even evoke memories of Dad or Grandpa standing over the barbeque with a can of lighter fluid in one hand and a grilling fork in the other.
Of course, the rest of the charcoal grilling experience isn't quite as special – at least, not in a good way. Aside from the lighter fluid, there's the heavy bag of charcoal, the long wait for the coals to reach cooking temperature, the uneven heat from coals burning unequally, and the messy (and somewhat disgusting) chore of dumping the ashes and washing the grill after the meal has been cooked. Also, let's not forget the battle to actually get the charcoal lit in windy weather.
It's no wonder that gas grills have become the outdoor cooking method of choice. They're convenient, they're fast, they're reliable, and except for cleaning the grate and the grease tray, they're painless to use. Even better, today's best gas grills have so much versatility and so many options that it's easy to forget that you're cooking outdoors and not in a kitchen.
This isn't the place to debate the pros and cons of built-in gas grills, which are a common sight in upscale backyards – but often leave owners stuck when they can't find a replacement model that's the same size. In these reviews, Groom+Style will be focusing on the portable grills that are the ones most people rely on every summer.
Choosing a gas grill can be complicated. They're now made from an enormous variety of materials (high quality stainless steel is a better choice than aluminum for grills, for example, but both are readily available), the number and type of burners, the size of cooking areas and the materials used for grates vary widely, and there's a dizzying array of side burners, work areas, fuel gauges and other accessories to choose from. Needless to say, there are just as many price points.
The Groom+Style review team have juggled all of those factors and choices in compiling our list of the top 5 best gas grills, and come up with great alternatives for just about any budget – although we did decide to leave out "luxury grills" like the Lynx L36PSFR-2-LP, which can provide the ultimate outdoor cooking experience for the surprisingly-low price of just $5899.
For those of you with a normal budget, here's our rundown.
Napoleon LEX 485 Propane Gas Grill. Click on the photo to check the Price on Amazon.
Napoleon is a Canadian company that makes terrific grills.
Groom+style looked at a number of them for the purposes of these rankings, and decided on including the 485 model from their LEX series (formerly known as Mirage) because of its rock-solid, 430 stainless steel firebox (some non-essential components like the legs and lower cabinet sides are made from cast aluminum, and the cabinet handles are plastic, to lessen the unit's overall weight), large grilling area, terrific accessories and overall performance.
The 485 isn't the biggest or most expensive in the LEX line, but it's the right balance between size (a total cooking area of 815 square inches) and price.
There are three stainless steel primary burners in the cookbox, surrounded by double walls to keep the heat inside where it belongs. The unusually-shaped grids (in a wave pattern) are also stainless, as are the underneath sear plates. The LEX heats up quickly, maintains heat uniformly, and grills like a dream.
There are two additional infrared burners with their own control knobs, a rear unit to be used in conjunction with the included rotisserie that sits well above the grates, and a side "sizzle zone" burner for high-heat searing (or for use as a "regular" cooking burner for side dishes). On the opposite side of the grill is a cutting board and marinade/ice bucket, along with large stainless steel shelves for prep work.
A lot of thought obviously went into the LEX's design, including the lid which is double-walled and built to prevent heat loss when opened, the "jetfire" igniters which are among the most reliable you'll find anywhere, and the removable grease deflectors which prevent buildup on the burners.
There are also extras which might seem superfluous to some but great ideas to others, like the backlit control knobs and the built-in hooks and condiment holders on the side shelves. You can purchase an optional charcoal and smoker tray, if desired. The grill Groom+Style reviewed is powered by propane, but a natural gas model is also available as is a built-in version.
The key, of course, is what ends up on the plate – and the LEX 485 delivers in fine fashion, from perfectly-grilled and seared meat to fish and vegetables; you can even cook a roast that will rival one prepared in your kitchen oven on this unit's rotisserie.
In the world of grilling, this is a moderately-priced unit; in the world of our rankings, it's a high-end grill, and the best one you can buy.
Facts and figures for the Napoleon LEX 485 Propane Gas Grill:
Fuel: Propane
Burners: 3 stainless steel, plus 2 infrared
Grates: Stainless steel
Total cooking area: 815 square inches
Total BTU: 74,000
Accessories: Rotisserie, side sear burner, double cabinet, cutting board
Size: 49 x 27 x 61 inches
Warranty: 10 years on burners and body (50% reduced replacement cost for the following five years)
Check Napoleon LEX 485 Propane Gas Grill Price on Amazon
Weber Genesis E-310 Gas Grill. Click on the photo to check the Price on Amazon.
Weber's the name most people think of when they're looking for a gas grill (incidentally, Napoleon is considered "the Weber of Canada"). That's understandable, since Weber's been producing high-quality grills since they released their first charcoal unit in 1951.
As with Napoleon, Weber offers a large variety of gas grills; some are larger and more expensive, with more features, than the E-310. The Groom+Style review team have chosen this one as our #2 entry on the list of the top 5 best gas grills, however, because it comes in at a lower price point while still providing Weber-quality grilling.
There are always going to be some compromises in the materials used to build a reasonably priced grill, and that's probably why the Genesis cookbox is made from cast aluminum rather than stainless steel, although the three burners are made from high-grade stainless steel. The wide grates are easy-to-clean porcelain-enameled cast-iron and the "Flavorizer bars", similar to sear plates on other grills, are porcelain enamel.
There are actually some benefits to cast-iron over stainless steel; they hold heat longer than steel, so they're a good choice for slow-cooking foods like ribs – although nothing beats smoked ribs cooked in a top of the range electric smoker. In short, you're not paying the much higher prices charged for all-stainless construction, but the grill is constructed to maximize heat distribution, consistency and effectiveness, so the end product is still delicious.
The total cooking area on this Weber is smaller than we'd like, at 637 square inches, and some of that is taken up by the small warming rack above the main grilling area. It's more than enough space to prepare dinner for the family, though.
There are no auxiliary burners (you can move up to the Genesis 330 to get a side sear burner for an extra cost), but there are good-sized work areas on both sides of the grill, and the individual igniters on each burner seem to work "first time, every time." The grill moves easily on its caster wheels, too. As with the LEX, the Groom+Style team reviewed the propane model but a natural gas model is also available.
There aren't a lot of bells and whistles on the Genesis 310, but it's the best grill you'll find in this price range for great outdoor cooking.
Digging deeper on the Weber Genesis E-310 Gas Grill:
Burners: 3 stainless steel
Grates: Porcelain-enameled cast iron
Accessories: Six tool hooks
Warranty: Two years, 10 years on burners
Check Weber Genesis E-310 Gas Grill Price on Amazon
Broil King Baron 440 Gas Grill. Click on the photo to check the Price on Amazon.
Canadian-made Broil King grills may not have the cache of Webers (or Napoleons, for that matter), and they do have some drawbacks. But you won't find a more satisfactory grill for cooking than the Baron 440 in the medium priced range.
Three stainless steel "dual tube" burners, said to produce more even heat than those on the competition, are inside the porcelain-coated steel cook box; the double-walled hood is made from stainless steel as well, and the grates are porcelain-coated cast iron.
The primary cooking area is just 444 square inches with a total area of 644 inches, but much of the extra space is for an extra side burner, a welcome convenience at this price. You can purchase a conversion kit, if you want to use natural gas instead of propane.
We mentioned drawbacks, and the smaller grilling area is one of them. The other is that the Baron 440 takes much longer to heat up than we'd expect.
Once there's actually food on the grill, though, it is cooked completely and evenly with good sear marks – and isn't that the ultimate goal? There is also a 10,000 BTU side burner for delicious side dishes.
A closer look at the Broil King Baron 440 Gas Grill:
Grates: Porcelain-coated cast iron
Check Broil King Baron 440 Gas Grill Price on Amazon
Char-Broil Performance TRU Infrared 450 Gas Grill. Click on the photo to check the Price on Amazon.
The review team found that the best budget grills come from Char-Broil, so our last two entries on this list, of the top 5 best gas grills, are from the same manufacturer. This is an interesting model from the company's innovative infrared line, which positions three 443 stainless steel plates (with small holes) as a radiant surface underneath the porcelain-coated cast iron grates.
The surface sends some of the heat back up to the cooking surface while burning most of the drippings to create additional flavor. The plates can also hold chips or pellets for smoking. It's a smart idea.
There are two main burners inside the cookbox, plus an additional 10,000 BTU side burner, and while that doesn't provide as much cooking power as the three-burner units we've looked at so far, the construction of the TRU Infrared 450 (450 represents the size of the primary cooking area on the grill, 450 square inches) makes the most of the heat – which ends up producing juicy, well-cooked meats and vegetables.
There's also a 150 square inch warming rack that swings away for better access to the cooking surface, a nice touch.
Once you've reached this price range, you shouldn't expect a unit suitable for a master griller. The Char-Broil Performance comes close.
Specs for the Char-Broil Performance TRU Infrared 450 Gas Grill:
Warranty: One year, two years on firebox, 5 years on burners
Check Char-Broil Performance TRU Infrared 450 Gas Grill Price on Amazon
Here's our second Char-Broil model, and the team thinks it's a bargain. It's a basic gas grill, primarily made from black-painted steel and aluminum, and without the infrared plates of the Performance TRU series we've just mentioned.
But there are three stainless steelin-line burners and porcelain-coated cast iron grates, the same swing-away warming rack as on the TRU, a double-walled hood and a 10,000 BTU side burner (if you choose the side burner option – you can get this grill without the extra burner for even less). That's a lot of grill for the price.
Groom+Style doesn't look at this as a grill that you will own for the long-term. Even though the burners come with a five-year warranty, the casing won't last that long unless you live in a very temperate climate or keep the grill in the garage except when using it (the large wheels on the Classic make that very doable).
While this simple, well-performing grill lasts, you will get some great meals from it.
More info on the Char-Broil Classic 360 Gas Grill:
Total cooking area: 360 square inches, plus 170 square inches on swing-away rack
Total BTU: 30,000 (plus 10,000 BTU on side burner)
Size: 43.5 x 24 x 51 inches
Check Char-Broil 360 Gas Grill Price on Amazon
If you really want to impress your friends and family, then rather than "cooking with gas" why not try an electric smoker? Curious, then read Groom+Style's review of the best electric smokers!
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Yonaka - "Don't Wait 'Til Tomorrow"
As hard as it may be to believe (Given some of the shit I come out with in these reviews) I do from time to time come across a new band that I actually, genuinely like. I mean it's rare…not quite Shiny Pokemon rare…but it's rare, and it does happen. While in recent years you may have seen me give praise to the likes of WE ARE HARLOT and AS LIONS for their absolutely scorching debuts…last year my attention was turned to YONAKA. Having discovered them supporting ANDREW WK, I was eager to check out their catalogue of music as they were legitimately great live, to then find myself enjoying their 2017 "Heavy" EP, it's safe to say that Yonaka were a band I was prepared to keep my eye on…
This was a decision I would certainly not regret, as following some impressive festival appearances and support slots with BRING ME THE HORIZON no less, they dropped arguably my favourite new EP of 2018 by the name of "Creature". It's said that lightning doesn't strike twice but the EP proved that the band were on a fine run of creative form, not only matching their previous work but surpassing it, visibly and audibly growing in confidence with each and every crowd they won over on the road throughout the year. Now, in 2019, we find the band ready to step up; hoping to live up to their own hype and expectation, as they deliver their debut full-length album; "Don't Wait 'Til Tomorrow", and it's definitely one I've been looking forward to. Well? You read the title let's give it a fucking listen shall we!?
We open up with "Bad Company" though we're in anything BUT with Theresa Jarvis and the lads…starting off with some bass rumblings and stiff percussion, it provides perfect backing for Jarvis' multifaceted vocal approach, switching from brooding to powerful; almost angelic in places on certain high notes, with such relative ease. There's a certain darkness to the tracks tone, yet it's got a rich alt. pop groove, and we still hear similarities with the likes of JESSIE J and FLORENCE WELCH in its delivery, but everything's tighter, sharper and it sounds great…a fantastic opener. "Awake" begins in a similar fashion with its stripped back percussion the only instrumental accompaniment to Theresa, but the track quickly erupts into a wonderfully infectious pop-rock number with some assertive riffs and more powerful vocals. If you're not awake for this one I question the existence of your very pulse, seriously.
"Rockstar" is, before you wonder, not a NICKELBACK cover so it's already got that going for it. I mean OK, the premise of the track lyrically garners obvious comparisons to the aforementioned, but this is backed up by yet another infectious, hook-laden chorus and is far, FAR less annoying. This comes across as more about hopes and dreams as opposed to focusing on wealth, not emphasising the excess; much more of a rags to riches 'What If?' scenario and it's something we can relate to…it's something we've all thought about. "Creature" and "Fired Up" make it to the album as select cuts from the bands previous EP's but they slot in perfectly in all fairness, sounding just as crisp and impressive here as they did last year, before we eventually finish up on "The Cure". Despite its initially almost trap-inspired beat, we're treated to more of the bands enjoyable blend of light indie rock, sweeping melodies and soulful pop, ending the album on a genuine high note.
Patience may indeed be a virtue, but here Yonaka prove without doubt that sometimes you simply have to strike while the iron is hot, and Christ has the iron been hot for the Brighton-based quartet. As they continue to play new towns and cities around the UK and Europe, be it in a supporting role or with their ever increasing likelihood of headlining their own big tours, Yonaka can and will grow. One of the brightest and most promising bands on the UK circuit right now, if you haven't already, you NEED to be checking out Yonaka for yourself, seriously, don't wait 'til tomorrow. [9]
WWW.WEAREYONAKA.COM

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Community-Organizing-Leadership Program is based on the methodology of community organizing, which is a democratically-governed long-term process by which people are brought together to act in their common self-interest to identify community problems and solutions, and to take action by engaging existing power structures to make those solutions a reality.
The essence of community organizing is to enable local communities to influence local and regional decision-making and decision-makers and thus to take their own matters in their hands.
Community organizing empowers people by actively involving them in the solution of their own problems: mapping and sharing these, identifying the powers that be and engaging with them through consultations and advocacy, but even taking up conflicts if needed achieve their common goals.
By supporting community initiatives, the Hungarian Environmental Partnership Foundation aims at contributing to the development of a democratic, sustainable and equitable society and an institutional system based on citizen participation. During the past two decades our foundation has initiated and managed a number of various grant programs, always emphasizing that financial support must be accompanied by knowhow and skills development in order to enhance the conscientious and sustainable use of the resources provided. Through its newest program, Ökotárs, an organization with 20 years of experience in grantmaking and capacity building of NGOs aims at contributing to the revitalization of civic community life in the countryside.
During the past decade the life of Hungarian CSOs changed markedly not least thanks to the financial support provided by the various European Union funds. Parallel with this their public image and support has changed, too, but not necessarily for the better: only few "big" cases could raise public attention towards the work of NGOs, but otherwise their social embeddedness remained weak. At the same time, the cohesion and the integrity of the communities from which CSOs themselves come has deteriorated as well. Citizens lost their motivation, and in general fewer and fewer organizations and individuals participate actively in the life and development of their communities.
In order for civil society organizations to function efficiently and to fulfill their missions, they need to have strong constituencies and ties to the smaller and bigger community they work in: they should have active, mobile people behind and around them who are ready to participate in the work for the common good either with their time, with their voice (through speaking up for the cause) or with their money. In contrast with this, we see it often in Hungary that NGOs are operated by small groups of professional and deeply committed persons. In order to make an impact they would need to rebuild, broaden and strengthen their constituencies – and we aim to contribute to this through our own means.
We launched our programme with this goal: to support community initiatives in Hungary. In spring 2016 we published an open call seeking organizations and communities that want to build their advocacy and mobilization capacities, and to exercise effective public control over the institutions, authorities and businesses. We expect that the participating 10-12 civic organizations and groups will become able to learn and use the tools of community organizing through training, mentoring and consultations and thus to improve the quality of their life, the state of their environs as well as to identify and solve local problems and issues.
In the long run, our programme aims at vitalizing and fertilizing the NGO sector in countryside Hungary, so as to enable the organizations/groups to become actors and partners not only on the local, but also on the regional and national level thereby creating vibrant civic communities that can play a key role in democratic development.
During our first open call in 2016 we involved 12 CSOs and grassroots, self-governed and not profit based informal groups of citizens from settlements with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants, committed to change and to participate in the one-and-half year long learning process.
"Welcome to Gyál. Brought your flashlights and hiking boots with you?"
During the action series entitled "neither lamp nor pavement" the local community raised awareness of the inhabitants according the deficiencies of the public lighting and pavements of the city. A public debate was held in a city forum and a community research was organized. Many public data interest request was occurred and after many months and a long letter exchange with the authorities finally the city clerk found the community complaints legitimate and made a written promise to launch the repair works.
According to the law if a disease breaks out, the local authorities can provide the necessary vaccination for free in order to overcome the illness and to avoid further infections among the affected population. Unfortunately sometimes the bureaucracy is blocking the access of the marginalized peoples to the services. Successful campaign have been launched in the settlement to put pressure on the local government and the territorial authority of the National Public Health and Medical Officer Service (ÁNTSZ) to provide vaccinations for free.
One of the very first campaigns of the community in Őr aimed the harmonization of the long-distance bus and train schedules. The direct transfer was not resolved between train and bus in the train station in Mátészalka city by the authorities. Therefore the inhabitants of three neighboring villages (Őr, Jármi és Vaja) had to wait for hours long to the bus after evening train arrived.
The street connecting the settlement to the railroad becoming more and more impassable. At good times the dust occure problem, at bad weather the accumulated water and mud in potholes. The locals involved the the surrounding settlements and required the eradication of the bad conditions.
The local kindergarten waited for renovations works for thirty-five years, in the meantime everything has dilapidated on the building and even its survival has become doubtful. A group of local women initiated a cooperation aiming the rescue of the kindergarten.
The building of the former movie theater was previously a wellknow community place. During years the area has become a segregated part of the village, the building has partly collapsed and now is a life-threatening ruin. The locals raise attention to the problem and furthermore to want to achieve the demolition of the ruins and to reach the utilization of the area by reflecting community needs.
Brief summary of the experience with programs aiming at supporting communities.The writings were completed in cooperation with the Heinrich Böll Stiftung e.V.


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By: Arizona Family Law Attorneys May 19, 2020
What is the Process of Step-Parent Adoption?
Adoption is the process of legally establishing yourself as a child's parent, although you are not biologically related to them. When two adults marry and one adult has a child from a past relationship, many people elect to adopt their spouse's child as their own. Arizona Family Law Attorneys believe step-parent adoption is a beautiful and life-changing decision. It's one of the most impactful and compassionate decisions an adult can make. Our team believes the process should be effortless, so you can focus on your family.
Where Should I Begin if I Want to Adopt My Step-Child?
First and foremost, consult with a lawyer. The adoption process is often lengthy, with many taking as long as a year to finalize. An experienced lawyer at Arizona Family Law Attorneys can provide legal counsel and support to guide prospective parents through the adoption process. Arizona Family Law Attorneys have mediated stressful and legally complex adoption situations. Attempting to adopt a child without consulting with a lawyer can end with an unjust conclusion. When a child's life is involved, it's incredibly important to be sure you're correctly following procedures. The consequences could be costly.
The adoption of a stepchild has different factors than a traditional adoption case. After consulting with a lawyer, often the next step is legally requiring the child's biological parent to relinquish their parental rights. Every stepchild adoption case is different, but in many cases, both of the child's biological parents must give their consent to the adoption.
Once the biological parent has consented to the adoption, the child that's being adopted (the adoptee) may also need to give their consent to the adoption. This depends on the age of the adoptee. Every state has different laws regarding the role of the child in the adoption process, so consult a lawyer early on to cover all your bases.
What Documentation is Needed for a Step-Parent Adoption?
With consent established, next your adoption lawyer will compile and submit all necessary documentation. This documentation includes the child's birth certificate, written documentation of the biological parent's consent, and other important forms. A consult with a lawyer handling family law, can help compile and submit what's necessary.
After providing necessary documentation, you must appear before a judge in court. You will undergo a hearing before the adoption process is finalized. When the adoption of your stepchild is finally complete, you will receive an amended birth certificate for your adopted child.
Is a Step-Parent Adoption a Difficult Process?
Phoenix family law attorneys are uniquely trained to manage the affairs between step-parents and their prospective adoptees. Adopting your stepchild is a beautiful gesture and should be a rewarding experience that paves the way for a bright future as a new family. Arizona Family Law Attorneys will assess your individual case and make sure the adoption process is executed thoroughly and efficiently. When you work with our team in Maricopa County or elsewhere in the state of Arizona, you'll be educated on every step of the adoption. When you choose to work with us, you're choosing a team of attorneys with not only legal experience, but a demonstrated history of client success. To us, success means more happy children and happy families.
By: Arizona Family Law Attorneys
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Although Abbott states that its policy applies globally to infant formulas, the policy omits many recommendations of The Code (as illustrated by an Initial Corporate Profile score in the Global Index 2018 of only 56%). Abbott's policy does align to The Code in relation to its commitments on product quality, which it states apply in every country. However, the policy states that to the extent that there is a difference between the standards set out in its policy and national law or regulation, it follows the national laws and regulations. In effect, this means that in any country where local regulations are weaker than its own policy, Abbott follows those regulations, or where there are no local regulations, it applies its own policy which, as outlined, does not align to the wording of The Code. Thus, in the United States, Abbott does not implement the majority of The Code's BMS marketing recommendations.


like Congressman Blackburn Barrett Dovener of W. Va., a lawyer.
3) He had some pull with some newspapers, for instance, the National Labor Tribune of Pittsburgh ran his sermon on Thurs. May 9,1918.
4) His modus operandi to cover over the controversy over the widespread use of a demonic oeji healing device by Jehovah's Witnesses was to allow Goodrich to write an article against it, and then to refute Goodrich's article in a subsequent issue, and then to proclaim the issue closed to discussion.76 In light of this and other similar coverups it is not out of the question that the anti-masonic article reprinted in the WT in 1930 may have been merely a subterfuge.
Was Paul Johnson slated by the B'nai B'rith to take over the WT Society? Was Rutherford and his close henchmen tried on sedition, because they upset the plans of the B'nai B'rith to put their man in? Did Rutherford strike a deal at some point with the Powers? Circumstantial evidence points to Rutherford agreeing to some kind of working relationship with the Conspiracy. Or did the One-world-government planners support both sides of the struggle for power over the WT Society?


What's your earliest memory, sunshine?
After 9/11, some researchers went out and recorded people's memories of the event, three thousand people's worth. Eleven months later, they asked the same questions, and thirty-five months later. The memories were sixty percent accurate after a year; fifty percent accurate after three years. You'd think you'd remember 9/11 accurately, but you only feel that you do.
By now my earliest memories are rotten, mostly.
I was born in Cheyenne, Wyoming, while my dad was stationed at Fort Cheyenne, or Warren AFB, as it's actually known outside my family. We call it Fort Cheyenne because otherwise there's a story about my father that won't work: On his initial flight out there, he was sitting next to a guy from New York who was terrified that they would be attacked by Indians, hatchets and war paint and all. Dad confirmed that this would be the case and let the guy stew all the way out there.
My father sneaks up on you. He drove me to tears once trying to convince me that one equals two. He could "prove" it all he liked (he took a lot of math in college) and I couldn't find the error, but he couldn't make me say that he was right, and he wouldn't let go of it, so I wept all the rest of the way home. I remember that it was pitch dark out, and the dashboard lights of the Phoenix, and the silhouette of Dad's face, looking twisted and evil, as we hit the rutted gravel road between Lee's Corner (our mail drop) and the farm. The cratered blacktop had been replaced by then; he must have been driving me back from playing pep band at a basketball game, which would have made me around fourteen. I still think it was a nasty trick.
I want to say that I remember Dad in a flight suit with a beard, grinning at me. Mom has a picture of him in uniform, which may or may not be in a flight suit (he didn't train as a pilot), and which may or may not show him sporting a beard, or which may be two different pictures entirely. I could ask her, but the point is that I don't actually remember. I have a living memory of my father in a flight suit, grinning (and often rubbing my face with his beard), but I don't know if it's real. It feels right, but then my husband has a beard, so I can easily insert the relevant details.
He worked in the missile silos. I always imagine him as the guy who'd have to push the red button (which, in my imagination, looks like it belongs on a game show) and send the missiles off to Russia, although he was just some random newbie at the time, and, given his sense of humor, I certainly wouldn't have trusted him with it.
I don't actually remember anything from Cheyenne. I have personal stories that I've been told, the kind that revolve around my quirks of personality back then. The day that I wept because Dad cut his beard off, and I refused to recognize him (a lot of my early childhood memories involved my weeping uncontrollably; I get the pudding giggles, too). The way I would get up early in the morning and pull out all the records – carefully, without damaging them – and play with them until my parents woke up. (Did I put them on the record player? No idea.) My love for the Donnie and Marie Osmond show was apparently legendary.
If I actually remember anything, it's a golden color of light, sometimes with floating flecks of dust, sometimes without. The carpet was shag rug. I remember whicking my hands over the rug to stir up the dust in the sunlight. A TV set on short legs squatted on the floor, but it was off. A kind of low half-wall divided one room from the other, although I can't remember whether it was topped with wood or with plaster. I can imagine feeling both. I don't remember toys, or the Osmonds, or my parents.
The light felt like happiness, not a momentary kind of emotion, but a pervading satisfaction with the universe itself. The light that shines down on ET before he gets taken home often reminds me of that light, although it's much colder, both in temperature. This was the light that seduces cats, comforts saints, and presides over summer vacation.
It's probably not important whether it's a real memory or not; I still treasure it. We moved to South Dakota when I was two.
Finally reading Bird by Bird by Anne Lamott, which, if you don't know it, is a writer-book that starts off by advising writers to dig into their pasts.
For some reason it struck me this morning that, although both sides of my parents' families gossip and definitely have a few legendary stories, neither side really shares stories as a matter of course. Mom did a bunch of work trying to put various photo, album, and video projects together for both sides, but there's a difference between a project where you try to preserve photographs with a few names at the bottom, or a film where someone narrates what's happening, and a tradition of telling stories.
At first I had to wonder if it was just me; I'm not around them a lot anymore, being out in Colorado and all. But then I was thinking about Chris, and I realized I had no idea of how she met Grandpa or anything like that–and Grandma Alice, I have almost zero stories about her at all. And how did my Bouzek grandparents meet? No idea. No idea about any of my relations on that side of the family that I haven't personally met, either, with very few stories about the ones that I have. I didn't know Grandma had sisters until I was twelve or so, when we went to a funeral.
Then I look at my writing habits: I write almost nothing about things that actually happen in my life, other than brief Facebook mentions. When I process memories or the past in writing, it comes out as fiction. And yet neither side has a fiction-story-telling tradition, either.
I wonder where that comes from, the not-having-tons-of-family-stories thing.
I think Mom and Dad met at a basketball game, rival towns and all, and flirted or argued with each other, I can't remember which, then didn't see each other for quite some time, but then Mom (who had already spent at least a year of high school living away from home with my Aunt Catherine, the artist) got a job cooking for the Knippling family farm one summer, and then ended up going to the same college that Dad did. Did she intentionally chase him? No idea.
Mom tells stories–I was always jealous of her as a kid for her storytelling prowess–but they're mostly ones involving her personally, which kind of limits things. My Aunt Margie told stories, but usually when I wasn't listening, if that makes sense–when the kids were down in the basement somewhere, Margie was upstairs telling stories. I'd catch a snippet here and there, but rarely the whole thing. For example, it was from her that I heard that Dad was sick as a baby, and they didn't know if he'd make it. What he had, I never heard.
Is it just that I was too young or oblivious to hear most of the stories when they were getting passed around? I can totally see both sides of my family censoring themselves when kids were around: they're not big cussers, but I can see them filtering out less-than-flattering stories, if nothing else.
It could also be that they aren't storytellers, most of them: South Dakota isn't conducive to it. First, the men are pressured to talk very little at all, so you've lost half your storytellers right there. Here's how South Dakota man talks on the phone: Yup. Nope. It's the woman's job to do the gossipin', the men's to do the doin'. Second, the whole state's one small town, and if you get caught telling unflattering tales about someone, well, you could get ostracized for years.
Are there skeletons in the closet? Probably. But probably not so many as all that. Probably it's mostly just attrition and assumptions and ability and opportunity. But I do regret it. And it's the unflattering stories that, really, I like best.


The overall aim of BE-AWARE II was to identify the most effective risk reducing (RRM) and response measures (RM) for the five project sub-regions based upon: the risk and size of oil spills calculated in the BE-AWARE I project, modelling of the outflow of oil from those spills, an environmental and socioeconomic sensitivity analysis and a combined impact assessment. Based upon this, risk management conclusions were presented to the Bonn Agreement for further consideration and possible inclusion in the Bonn Agreement Action Plan 2016-2019.
In order to achieve this aim, the work was split into ten work packages consisting of project management, publicity, methodology, project database, oil spill / response modelling, environmental and socioeconomic vulnerability, project workshop, impact assessment, risk management conclusions and final conference. View how these work packages were included in the project timeline.
A database of project information on environmental and socioeconomic features in the region and national response capabilities.
An agreed methodology for modelling the outflow of oil and identification of the current and alternative future scenarios for RRM and RM.
Report on the results of the oil spill and response modelling.
Report on joint environmental and socio-economic vulnerability mapping.
An area-wide oil spill impact assessment report.
Risk management conclusions for each of the five BE-AWARE sub-regions.
The timeline below outlines how the various BE-AWARE II work packages were linked together and fed into the major project activities such as the method seminar, project workshop and final conference.


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Liz Nemeth: Social Media for Krispy Kreme
BY Wonderful Machine 24 July 2017
Over the past couple of years, Winston-Salem based photographer Liz Nemeth has been working steadily with Krispy Kreme. Liz has a knack for making great lifestyle, kids, and brand narrative images that the client can't get enough of. Most recently, they reached out to Liz about shooting images for a social media campaign that promotes Mother's Day, Father's Day, and Graduation Day. Liz was thrilled to receive the job offer and happy to work again with such a fantastic client. The free donuts were a nice perk as well!
The goal of the project was to capture mothers and fathers enjoying Krispy Kreme with their kids and showing young adults enjoying time with their friends. They wanted to create a sense of joy, a feeling that resonates with mothers, fathers, and graduates on their special days. The client hoped these images would help maintain their already solid relationship with their customers, as they enjoy being a part of great communities all over.
The project came about very quickly, so Liz needed to complete a lot of the pre-planning and production as fast as possible. Working with this client before made the process much easier, so there were not many challenges. However, she still had only about a week before some of the images needed to run on Krispy Kreme's social media. Time was of the essence!
The shoot itself was very loose. Liz picked a few locations in Winston-Salem, North Carolina and gathered as many people as she could to be in the images. Everyone in Winston-Salem, the site of Krispy Kreme's corporate headquarters, loves their donuts, and people were excited to participate in the photo shoot.
What I really love about shooting for social media is that the rules feel different from print. There's so much more flexibility.
The biggest challenge was the turnaround time, but Liz was able to make her deadline. Besides that, she really enjoyed everything about this shoot. The entire team was hardworking and fun, and Liz had a great time working with the subjects, who were naturals when it came to acting out the excitement and happiness of eating a donut.
Liz's favorite part of the project was that it aimed for Mother's Day and Father's Day. They are special days to her, and she loves to portray a parent's love for his or her children. Also, she really enjoys working with Krispy Kreme. They're a terrific client, and working with such a fun product allows for extra creativity.
When the images went live, the feedback from Krispy Kreme and their followers on social media was amazing. Krispy Kreme is always pleased with images Liz captures, and these were no different. Their social media followers also like the fact that Krispy Kreme acknowledged mothers, fathers, and kids graduating. This brand does a great job of connecting with communities and making everyone feel like family.
Liz and Krispy Kreme already have a few more projects in the works and scheduled for the near future. Liz has recently shot a handful of stop-motion animated gifs for Krispy Kreme's social media through Baldwin&. Most have not been published yet, but a few can be seen on their Facebook and Instagram pages. Liz is excited to continue working with them and showcase the joy Krispy Kreme brings friends and family.
See more of Liz at liznemeth.com!
Produce Your Shoot, or just reach out to hear more!


Keep The Fire Burning by Andre Camilleri Arguably Australia's most prolific and underrated songwriter in one, Andre Camilleri blends Country, Alternative and the Blues to create unique sonic landscapes of raw and timeless beauty.
Since moving to Australia from Europe in 2000, Andre recorded 35 full length albums with various line-ups in Brisbane, Melbourne and Canberra, where he claims to be the only Good Country singer in town.
Against the odds he remains hopeful to one day come up with that 'perfect song'.
Apart from his solo work, Andre sings in Canberra's only original Alt Country band the Black Horses.


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My Brain on Books: Exclusive interview with Kirby Larson, author of HATTIE EVER AFTER -- and a giveaway!
I love this post! I love historical fiction, both of my MG manuscripts take place in a different time period.I would love to have an office and be able to devote my entire day to writing. I also love the second question, it gives us all hope. Thanks for the great interview. I would love to win the ARC.
Thanks for entering, Janet. Kirby's publication story is inspiring, isn't it?
Thanks for the lovely interview, both of you! I've been anxious to read this book for a long time!
Must have! I've been a huge Hattie fan for a long time. Can't wait to see what happens next.
Oh, it's lovely, Caroline. Worth the wait.
I've heard the hubbub about this one, and since I haven't read the first (I can't believe I haven't...I love historical fiction and try to read as many Newberys as I can), so thanks for the chance for BOTH of these!
Kirby, chocolate is absolutely necessary for any celebration! And I love that you mention reading your work aloud. It's such a marvel for catching what doesn't work/fit.
Barbara, I can't believe you haven't either! Good luck. And I agree that Kirby's advice on reading aloud is very wise.
I can't believe I haven't gotten around to reading Hattie Big Sky yet! And now the next one is out. My daughter is 11, so she's the perfect age for us to share these. Thanks for the interview and giveaway!
Oh yes, your daughter is just the right age for these books!
I love this interview : ) Thank you so much for sharing it. I follow your blog in my google reader each day but I realized I wasn't an official follower! So now we are official...weeee!
Thank you for following, Melissa!
gorgeous cover, and historical stories are always so interesting. thanks for sharing your interview!
Hi Gina! I love the cover too.
I love these covers! They are so beautiful. I am a fan of HF and these sound like books I could really get into. I can't wait to read them! The interview with the author was excellent. It was fun to learn more about her. Wishing her much success!
Thanks, Jess. I love your enthusiasm!
Wow 7 years of rejections! I don't know if I could've kept going. So glad she did. My daughter loves historical fiction so I'll have to make sure she knows of these.
I'm also glad Kirby kept trying. And I'll bet you would too, Jill.
These sounds like wonderful books. I haven't read either, so this giveaway sounds perfect. Thanks for hosting it!
Hi Alicia Marie! Hope you get to read them both.
I'm eager to read Hattie Ever After. Splendid interview. I too need to remember to include a plot!
Thanks, Ellen! Glad you stopped by.
What a wonderful interview and giveaway! Kirby's publication journey is inspiring, and her advice to look for "narrative chunks" when revising is spot-on. Thanks too for pointing out that even though the books are considered YA, they aren't too mature for an 11/12 year old - which is my daughter's age!
Terrific interview. Can't wait to read these wonderful books. Thanks for running the giveaway.
You're welcome, Rosi. Good luck!
Hi Stina! Yeah, that's an inspiring one.


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Five Top Economic Development PR Successes of 2017
By April Mason
Keeping track of 2017's economic development news stories was no easy task—and I do this for a living! Between the new president, rising stock market, #metoo movement and record number of natural disasters, the 24/7 news cycle was overwhelming for most of us.
Based on factors including creativity, strength of the story, responsiveness to the news cycle and influence, here is my top five list of 2017's economic development public relations successes:
1. The Curious Case of the Billion Dollar Cactus
When Amazon announced it was seeking a second headquarters location in September 2017, cities across North America jumped into the bidding frenzy. To set itself apart, Tucson, Arizona's economic development group, Sun Corridor, Inc., sent the retail giant a 21-foot cactus to lure Jeff Bezos to the Southwest—a decision that would mean 50,000 new jobs and $5 billion in local investment.
Amazon later sent a tweet about the over-sized cactus that read, "Unfortunately we can't accept gifts (even really cool ones)." The cactus was donated to the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum.
But it hardly matters. Tucson's prickly present generated tons of press and let international corporations know the city was open for new business.
Note: Though other cities including Birmingham and Kansas City also garnered media attention for creative PR tactics, Tucson was first—meaning the metro was included in nearly every national story about the horse race.
2. Pittsburgh: From Smokestacks to Sustainability
After decades of job losses, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, quietly transformed from a declining steel town to an economic hot spot. The metro of 1.2 million now has more jobs than it did during the steel heyday, with recent investments from Uber, Facebook and Google.
The city's commitment to science, research and green technology went unnoticed by many outside the region, but things changed in June 2017 when President Trump pulled out of the Paris Climate Agreement, saying, "I was elected to represent the citizens of Pittsburgh, not Paris."
There was just one problem: Pittsburgh was pro-Paris agreement. Bill Peduto, mayor of Pittsburgh, later tweeted, "I can assure you that we will follow the guidelines of the Paris Agreement for our people, our economy & future."
Through widespread news coverage including a New York Times op-ed penned by the Mayors of Pittsburgh and Paris, the world soon learned that Pittsburgh had been adhering to the Paris Agreement before the agreement was even in place. It's home to hundreds of LEED-certified developments–including 12 of the nation's first green buildings. With 13,000 clean-energy workers today, Pittsburgh is on track to be 100 percent powered by renewable energy by 2035.
3. The Gem State Shows It's a Diamond in the Rough at SelectUSA
Given President Trump's promise to bring jobs to rural America and Idaho's foreign investment wins, the Gem State sparkled at the nation's only economic development conference for international investors.
Following 2016's SelectUSA conference, Japan-based Sakae Casting chose Idaho Falls for its first U.S. office. So, in 2017, we arranged for Idaho to hold a press conference on the floor of the Summit to invite foreign businesses to Idaho to see why the state is outshining its competitors.
Takashi Suzuki, CEO of Sakae Casting, joined Lt. Governor Brad Little to woo investors and press. The event, which captured the attention of the trade show floor due to its size, sound and free Budweiser beer, resulted in an NPR Marketplace feature and in-depth coverage from Manchini News reporter, Kenji Shimuzu, who later traveled to Idaho for his story.
4. A Revival Story: Newark, NJ, Rises from the Ashes with Transformative Leadership
"New mayor promises to turn around the state's largest city." It's an all-too-familiar headline for residents of the Garden State. But 2017 proved it's different this time.
Mayor-turned-Senator, Cory Booker, laid the groundwork for the revitalization of Newark. Now, Mayor Ras J. Baraka is delivering on his predecessor's promise. New investors have poured around $1.7 billion into residential, commercial and industrial projects in the city. The former Hahne & Company department store has been reborn as a bustling development of 160 new apartments, the city's first Whole Foods, a Marcus Samuelsson restaurant and a 50,000-square-foot "arts incubator."
Eye-popping media attention followed: In 2017, Newark was profiled in the New York Postas "the next Brooklyn" and by none other than Vogue magazine for its renaissance. The New York Times noted, "It's been a long time coming, but New Jersey's largest city is finally turning a corner."
Widely expected to make Amazon HQ2's shortlist, Newark is a destination that investors should keep an eye on in 2018 and beyond.
5. Toronto Shows It's a Major Player on The World Stage
Last, but not least, is Toronto. For decades, Canada has been eyed as a little brother to the U.S. and has been on the receiving end of one too many maple syrup jokes. But those days are over.
In 2017, the city's economy grew by 2.7%—the highest in Canada. Thanks to a global workforce that speaks over 140 languages, affordable higher education, and world-class research institutions, Toronto is a beacon for young talent and business startups. International corporations have taken notice: Toronto made up 8% of all foreign direct investment in North America totaling about $4.5 billion in 2016 (2017 data has yet to be released).
Perhaps that's why the city was chosen to host the International Economic Development Council (IEDC) annual conference in September 2017. The highlight of the event was Richard Florida's keynote speech, which discussed themes from his new book, The New Urban Crisis. Florida highlighted Toronto's success as a model for the thousands of city leaders who made the trip—leaving the conference crowd raving about the forward-thinking metro.
What were your favorite economic development stories from last year—and what trends should we be watching this year? Let me know in the comments below!
April Mason has spent the last two decades developing public relations campaigns for clients in the economic development, real estate and tourism industries. Her Montclair, NJ-based agency, Violet PR, focuses on generating favorable media exposure for communities and companies reinventing urban areas, building sustainable projects and growing businesses.
Follow April here on Linkedin or contact her directly at April@violetpr.com.
April Mason May 10, 2018
The Fake News Fallout
Tom Ranzweiler June 18, 2018
The Six Reasons Why Every 20-Something Should Be Active on Social Media
Christina Forrest April 16, 2018
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Niyo: Out-of-bounds rant targeting Michigan's Bell another sign of the times
John Niyo
Ann Arbor — Bum's the word after a loss like the one Michigan just suffered at Penn State.
At least that's the sort of derogatory comment that routinely gets thrown at college athletes like Ronnie Bell, the sophomore receiver whose dropped fourth-down pass in the end zone helped seal the Wolverines' fate in a 28-21 defeat Saturday night.
After the cameras captured Bell's distraught reaction to the way that nationally televised game ended, his inbox captured something else. It was an expletive-laced email from a fan and recent UM alum telling him, among other things, to "please quit the team already," and it prompted the receiver's father, Aaron Bell, to post the message on his own social-media accounts in a plea for civility.
And while the backlash to that message has been fierce, it still begs the question that was asked of some of Bell's teammates and his coach on Monday, as the Wolverines returned to practice with another prime-time game looming Saturday against No. 8 Notre Dame at Michigan Stadium.
Simply put, how do you process something like that? Because even if it's hardly representative of a fan base, it's far more common than most folks realize. (Just a couple weeks earlier, Penn State safety Jonathan Sutherland was on the receiving end of a racist letter from one of his school's alums that an outraged teammate made public.)
"It's like, 'OK, if he catches the ball, you love him, he drops the ball, you hate him?' That makes no sense," said Carlo Kemp, one of Michigan's senior captains. "It's upsetting. It's hard, because it's one of my teammates. It's tough to hear stuff like that."
Sending a juvenile, hate-filled email to a college athlete and including your name and phone number is a rather bold form of stupidity, I think we can all agree about that.
And as Jim Harbaugh noted Monday, calling out the recent UM alum by name since he'd already doxxed himself in what Harbaugh presumed was a drunken rant, "I'm sure the next day he was like, 'Why the heck did I do that? I'm an idiot.' I'm sure he probably felt pretty bad about it."
But that's social media for you, these days. For all it's wonderful benefits — insert eyeroll here — it's also a wasteland full of ridicule and regret.
Not worth the click
That's why you'll often hear coaches like Michigan State's Tom Izzo railing against it. ('I don't think social media is helpful to any human being on the planet," he once said. "And I mean that from the bottom of my heart.") It's also why some athletes — college and pro — decide to opt out of it once they discover the depths it reaches, anonymously or otherwise.
Count Ben Bredeson, also one of Michigan's senior captains, among that group. He says he steers clear of social media as much as possible, and occasionally he'll suggest to some of his teammates that they do the same.
"But it's a losing battle," he admits with a laugh. "I'm never gonna tell a guy not to be on Twitter or Instagram or whatever. It's their choice. But definitely don't read into it as much as some people do. There's a lot of people out there with opinions, and sometimes the loudest voice in the room isn't always the right one."
Often, it's not, which is why Harbaugh on Monday cited the old nursery rhyme — "Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me," he said — as he explained the message he relays to his players about ignoring the outside noise.
"You don't have to take that to heart," he said. "What somebody else thinks about you doesn't have to be your business."
Some athletes court controversy on social media, but most don't. And when innocuous posts elicit unsolicited hate, it's difficult to resist the temptation to respond — and nearly impossible to ignore.
That's a point Bell's teammate, Kwity Paye, was trying to make Monday when asked about what his teammate felt over the weekend. Paye recalled some of the comments he was subjected to when he added his early commitment to what would become a star-studded 2017 recruiting class for Michigan.
"It wasn't really a warm welcome, I would say," Paye recalled. "A lot of people said, 'Who is this three-star bum from Rhode Island?' My own fans, you know? For me coming in, I was just like, 'All right, well …' It's kinda hard.'
"And then I was put in the team's group chats and immediately I felt like a family. The team consoled me, and it was like, 'Yeah, don't worry about the fans and stuff like that, we're the ones that matter to you.' And from that point on, I felt like I just took the team's voice and I made it my own."
Bell, likewise, was arguably the least-heralded recruit in Michigan's 2018 class. ("Nobody knew who Ronnie was until he started balling," Paye said.) But after flashing his ability as a freshman, he has emerged as Michigan's most productive receiver this fall, leading the team with 25 receptions for 443 yards. Bell led Michigan again Saturday night, finishing with five catches for 82 yards, including a crucial third-down screen pass he turned into a 35-yard gain to set up Michigan's final touchdown drive in the fourth quarter.
"We would take as many Ronnie Bells as we could possibly get on this team," Harbaugh said. "How far he's come, what he does for our team, the way he played in the game — he was one of our top performers. Tough as nails. Mentally as tough as anybody we got, physically the same."
Still, the lasting image of him in tears on the sideline at the end of that Penn State loss is a reminder of how much emotional investment there is in these games. In a twisted way, so is that email had everyone so incensed, I guess.
"That's kinda what keeps football as popular as it is, that people have those kind of passions toward the game," Harbaugh said.
Now that those passions get relayed so easily and so indiscriminately through various channels, though, it's a much different head game for the players than it was when Harbaugh was in their cleats.
"But the people in the building are the only voices that we listen to," Paye said. "People have their own opinions, but those people aren't the ones waking up at 5 a.m. to come do our lifts. They aren't the ones who are struggling through our spring ball. They're not the ones that are struggling to get through classes because we have to focus on football and stuff like that.
"For the people out there who have all those things to say about our team, we don't really care. Because at the end of the day, it's only us that's in there. We can only hold our brothers accountable. At the end of the day, it's our voice."
jniyo@detroitnews.com
Twitter: @JohnNiyo
Michigan takeaways: Officials' calls leave Jim Harbaugh curious Harbaugh, Wolverines have Ronnie Bell's back: He's 'tough as nails' Michigan defensive back J'Marick Woods announces plans to transfer 'A lot of good things': Michigan offense shows signs of life in loss to Penn State 'We're going to keep fighting': 5-2 Michigan refuses to throw in towel on season


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Pleasure Pier
Western Esplanade, Southend on Sea, Essex
View all photos and comments
© Mr Ken Clark. Source: Historic England Archive
Date of most recent amendment:
Southend-on-Sea (Unitary Authority)
TQ8876984000
A pier of 1889, designed by James Brunlees, extending approximately 1.34 miles into the Thames Estuary. The superstructure is now mainly C20 in date.
Reasons for Designation
The Pier, Western Esplanade, Southend-on-Sea, erected in 1889 with later additions and changes, is designated at Grade II for the following principal reasons: * Architectural Interest: it was designed by the renowned civil engineer James Brunlees. It is believed to be the longest pier in the world, and was adapted to carry an electric tramway in 1890. * Historic Interest: it dates to 1889, and has subsequently been added to and rebuilt following a number of fires. These progressive alterations add to its interest.
Southend-on-Sea grew out of Prittlewell, the largest of the six medieval parishes which constitute the modern settlement. By the late C19, Southend had overtaken its mother parish in importance and in 1892 it became officially recognised as a town, when it was incorporated; 'on-Sea' being added the following year. The other parishes were absorbed and amalgamated from the end of the C19 through to the 1930s, to form the town as it is known today.
The name 'Sowthende' first appears in a will of 1481, although what is now known as Southend did not begin to become urbanised until around 1700, when oyster cultivation began in the area. Within 20 years the whole of the foreshore from Southchurch westwards to Leigh was leased as oyster feeding grounds and oysterman's huts began to be built, followed by humble terraces of cottages. Visitors started to come in small numbers to Southend to bathe in the sea, and in 1791 a syndicate was set up to develop a resort at 'New Southend'. Following this The Terrace was built, renamed The Royal Terrace in 1804 after Princess Caroline, wife of the Prince Regent, stayed there. The royal association helped to boost the popularity of the resort, and in 1829 the first pier was built. The coming of the railways in the mid-C19 stimulated growth and interest in the town, firstly in 1856 with the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway, which led to the development of Clifftown, followed by the Great Eastern in 1889. Southend flourished as a seaside resort from the end of the C19 through to the first half of the C20, but its popularity declined towards the end of the C20. In recent years however, major developments such as the Southend campus of the University of Essex and improvements to the pier and Esplanade, have helped rekindle interest in the town.
The present pier dates from the late 1880s when it was decided that the original wooden pier of 1829 had become structurally unsound and had to be rebuilt. The pier was designed by James Brunlees and opened to pedestrians in 1889, and in the following year an electric tramway was installed. In 1897 the pier was extended in order to accommodate the increasing number of steamboats that moored there. An upper deck was added to the pier in 1908 along with a bandstand and shops. The final length, known as the Prince George Extension, which took the total length to 1.34 miles was completed in 1929. In 1939 the pier was closed to visitors, having been commandeered by the Navy as a central command post for all wartime shipping in the Thames. Post-war, the pier has suffered a number of disasters that have had a material impact upon its fabric. These include a fire in 1959 which destroyed the Pier Pavilion, to be replaced by a bowling alley; a fire in 1976, which destroyed most of the pier head including the cafes, theatre and amusement arcades; and in 1986 a ship sliced through the end section of the pier. Grant funding in the 1980s enabled the repair and rebuilding of the structure, although another fire in 1995 destroyed the 1960s bowling alley. During 2000/01 substantial sums of money were spent on works to the pier to celebrate the new Millennium. Improvements included illuminations and a new lifeboat station. The pier is said to be the longest pleasure pier in the world.
PLAN: the overall plan form of the pier is linear with a rectangular deck at the high tide line and a larger deck area of irregular plan at the pier head.
MATERIALS: the main materials are cast-iron stanchions and girders for the superstructure, with timber for the decking.
EXTERIOR: the entrance to the pier is on the south side of Western Esplanade. There is a mid-C20 amusement arcade at street level on the western side, and a two-storey, steel-framed visitor information centre on the eastern side, which dates from the late C20 or early C21. It has a wavy roof profile, and a fully-glazed tower that houses the stair to the upper deck. Within the lower deck are offices, maintenance workshops, and the passenger railway terminus, all of which date from the mid-to-late C20. There is a small museum attached to the pier at ground level. The pier stretches for approximately 80 metres before it reaches the high-tide line where there is large rectangular sun deck, which has three, small ancillary buildings made of timber. At this point the pier projects out into the sea, and the walkway on the west side and train track on the east side merge onto the same level, proceeding in a straight line towards the pier head.
There are iron railings on each side of the walkway and timber shelters with seating that date from the mid-to-late C20, sited at intervals along the pier. There are also lamp posts of an early-C20 design, on the western side. Near the end of the pier is a passing loop and train terminus with late-C20 steel, platform canopy, and a ticket kiosk. Beyond this are two, small, single-storey timber buildings, one with a hipped roof, the other with a flat roof. The pier head then terminates in a large open deck area which has bench seating and lighting. There are also wells within the deck with stairs to the lower decks and landing platforms. To the eastern side of the pier head is a late-C20 steel-framed building that houses a lifeboat station and gift shop. There is also a sun-deck on the roof and a glazed observation tower.
Bettley, J, Pevsner, N, The Buildings of England: Essex, (2007)


CDC is organizing a Career Week for the students of University of Peshawar from 24th till 28th September, 2018. Eduvision's Career Counselling team from Islamabad will be visiting University of Peshawar.
Registrations are open till 14th September, 2018.