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Smt. Gulwant Kaur & ANR Vs. Mohinder Singh & Ors [1987] INSC 178 (20 July 1987)
REDDY, O. CHINNAPPA (J) REDDY, O. CHINNAPPA (J) SHETTY, K.J. (J)
CITATION: 1987 AIR 2251 1987 SCR (3) 576 1987 SCC (3) 674 JT 1987 (3) 121 1987 SCALE (2)82
CITATOR INFO : D 1991 SC1581 (9,10)
Hindu Succession Act, 1956--Section 14--Hindu lady receiving land from husband in lieu of maintenance--Sufficient title to enable ripening of possession into full ownership.
The appellant-wife and her husband were estranged and living apart. The husband, by a letter dated July 28, 1956, entrusted .to the appellant the land in dispute along with another piece of land and a house and agreed to pay a sum of Rs.100 per mouth for her maintenance. After a few years, the husband conceived the idea of selling the land in dispute.
The appellant protested by her letter dated June 15, 1966 and implored him not to sell the land. Despite this, the husband sold the said land to the plaintiff-respondents.
The purchaser instituted a suit for an injunction re- straining the appellants from interfering with possession, which was contested initially on the ground that the land had been gifted to the appellant orally by the husband, and that title had been acquired by adverse possession. Later, the written statement was amended and a further plea was taken that the said land had been given in lieu of maintenance and that she had become the absolute owner of the land under Section 14 of the Hindu Succession Act. All courts found that there was no oral gift.
A Single Judge of the High Court held that the land was given to the appellant by her husband in lieu of maintenance and that by Section 14 of the Hindu Succession Act, she had become full owner of the property.
On appeal under the Letters Patent, a Division Bench of the High Court held that "The reading of the letter left no meaning of doubt that there was never any intention on the part of the husband to give away the land to the lady and that instead of sending the total amount in cash he allowed her to utilise the amount of ckakota for meeting her day to day expenses", that she did not at all acquire any such right or interest in the property as could be termed 'limited ownership' so as to permit 577 her to take the benefit of the provisions of Section 14(1) of the Hindu Succession Act, that "if the husband had given over the land in dispute completely to the lady, then the question of sending more money could not have arisen" and reversed the Judgment of the Single Judge.
The appellant appealed to this Court. On behalf of the respondents, it was contended that even if the land was given to the appellant in lieu of maintenance, it must be established that what was given to her was a limited estate in the sense of ownership without the right of alienation and that under Section 14 of the Hindu Succession Act only such a limited estate would blossom into an absolute estate.
Allowing the appeal, this Court,
HELD: 1.1 Section 14 is aimed at removing restrictions or limitations on the right of a female Hindu to enjoy, as a full owner, property possessed by her so long as her possession is traceable to a lawful origin, that is to say, if she has a vestige of a title. It makes no difference whether the property is acquired by inheritance or devise or at a partition or in lieu of maintenance or arrears of maintenance or by gift or by her own skill or exertion or by purchase or by prescription or in any other manner whatsoever. The Explanation to the Section expressly refers to property acquired in lieu of maintenance and the widow is not required to establish her further title before she could claim full owner- ship, under Section 14(1) in respect of property given to her and possessed by her in lieu of maintenance. [582F-H]
1.2 The very right to receive maintenance is sufficient title to enable the ripening of possession into full owner- ship if she is in possession of the property in lieu of maintenance. Sub-section (2) of Section 14 is in the nature of an exception to Section 14(1) and provides for a situation where property is acquired by a female Hindu under a written instrument or a decree of court and not where such acquisition is traceable to any antecedent right. [582H; 583A]
2. If a female Hindu is put in possession of property pursuant to or in recognition of a right to maintenance, it cannot be denied that she has acquired a limited right or interest in the property and once that position is accepted, it follows that the right gets enlarged to full ownership under Section 14(1) of the Act. That is clear from the language of Section 14(1) of the Act. [586B-C]
3.1 In the instant case, the question was not whether the husband 578 intended to give away the land in dispute absolutely but whether the land was given to her in lieu of maintenance. A perusal of the letters exchanged between the husband and the appellant-wife clearly establishes that the land in dispute was given by the husband in lieu of maintenance. The Division Bench of the High Court was wrong in making distinction between day-to-day expenses and maintenance. [581F-G]
3.2 It is rather late in the day to contend that the land which was given to the appellant in lieu of maintenance did not vest in her absolutely. [586F] [The Judgment of the Division Bench of the High Court set aside and that of the Single Judge restored. ] Eramma v. Verrupanna & Ors., [1966] 2 SCR 626, distin- guished. Badri Pershad v. Smt. Kanso Devi, [1970] 2 SCR 95;
Naraini Devi v. Smt. Rano Devi and Ors., [1976] 3 SCR 55; V. Tulasamma & Ors. vs. V. Sesha Reddi (Dead) by L.Rs., [1977] 3 SCR 261; Bai Vajia (Dead) by L.R.S. v. Thakorbhai Chelabhai and Ors., [1979] 3 SCR 291; Santhanam v. Subramanya AIR 1977 SC 2024 and Jagannathan Pillai v. Kunjithapadam Pillai, [1987] 2 SCC 572, referred to.
Civil Appellate Jurisdiction: Civil Appeal No. 1112 of 1980.
From the Judgment and Order dated 13.5. 1980 of the Punjab and Haryana High Court in L.P.A. No. 521 of 1976. Ms. Kamini Jaiswal for the Appellants.
V.M. Tarkunde, Harbans Singh and S.K. Bagga for the Respondents.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by CHINNAPPA REDDY, J. Major General Gurbux Singh and his wife Gulwant Kaur were estranged and were living apart.
Their son and daughter-in-law were living with Gulwant Kaur at Chandigarh. Gulwant Kaur was apparently complaining that Major General Gurbux Singh was not providing her with adequate maintenance. Therefore, on July 28, 1958, he wrote her a letter, the relevant parts of which are as follows:.
579 "To, Shrimati Gulwant Kaur, You have been complaining that I have not paid even a penny for maintenance for the last seven/eight months. Here is an account from November 1957 to July, 1958, the details of which run as under:
XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX Now, so far as the question of future expenses is concerned, the maintenance shall be like this:
FOR YOURSELF:
1. The land and house situated at Mangwal, which was constructed with the earning of my whole life, is entrusted to you, the half portion of which already stands in your name and in lieu of the produce thereof Madanjit shall provide to you, if not more, free lodging and boarding (expenses for maintenance). You stay in your own home.
2. The land at Khurana is also entrusted to you. Its produce, lease money, etc. will fetch you a minimum of Rs. 1200 annually i.e. Rs. 100 per month for maintenance.
3. I shall pay Rs. 100 every month for maintenance.
xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx XXXXXX The letter of Gurbux Singh suggested that he was making adequate provision for meeting the expenses of Gulwant Kaur even at the cost of great inconvenience and discomfort to himself and so. Gulwant Kaur was not entitled to complain.
Gulwant Kaur apparently felt disgusted and frustrated at the tone of the letter and by her letter dated August 5, 2958, she queried if she was not to take maintenance from 580 Gurbux Singh from who else was she to get any maintenance.
She said that she was not demanding anything and made no claim on him and that everything including the land and kothi belonged to him. The Khurana land also belonged to him. He might give her maintenance or not give her maintenance as he chose. She said that she was nothing more than a heap of dust and her life was not worth living. In another portion of the letter, she mentioned that the Khurana land had not yet been leased and that there had been some delay.
Other correspondence passed between the parties which is not important for the present case. Later, after a few years, Gurbux Singh conceived the idea of selling the Khurana land.
The wife protested. Her letter dated January 15, 1966 was as follows:- "Most respected husband, Sat Siri Akal; Previously in the summer, Col. Gurcharan Singh told us that you want to sell the land of Khurana. Now, on the day you visited Sangrur, it was learnt from you that you were interested in selling the land. I also told you that we depend upon only that.
This land was given to me by you voluntarily.
You had written letters to me and Madanjit on July 28, 1958 copy whereof is being sent to you by me. Therein, it was decided that I would continue enjoying the produce thereof till my life. Now, on hearing that you want to sell it, I was very much shocked ................ Now this letter is being written to you in order to impress upon you not to sell the land of Khurana because Madanjit and I depend upon it. You are very well aware that we do not possess anything else ................... I fully hope that you will continue giving me this land and the maintenance grants to me as per your decision and will not think of selling this land. You are aware how we are hardly maintaining ourselves. I have made this prayer to you. I have full right over it. I hope that you will reply soon." Gulwant Kaur's letter did not have any effect on Major General Gurbux Singh. Instead of replying her, he sold the Khurana land to the plaintiff-respondents on June 18, 1968.
The purchaser instituted the present suit out of which the appeal arises for an injunction restraining Gulwant Kaur and Madanjit Singh from interfering with their possession. The defendants contested the suit initially on the ground that the 581 land had been gifted to Gulwant Kaur orally by Major General Gurbux Singh. It was also claimed that Gulwant Kaur had acquired title by adverse possession. Later the written statement was amended and a further plea was taken that the land in dispute had been given to Gulwant Kaur in lieu of maintenance and that she had become the absolute owner of the land under sec. 14 of the Hindu Succession Act. All the courts found that there was no oral gift. A learned single Judge of the High Court who heard the second appeal held that the Khurana Land was given to Gulwant Kaur by her husband Major General Gurbux Singh in lieu of maintenance and that by virtue of sec. 14 of the Hindu Succession Act, she had become full owner of the property. On an appeal under the Letters Patent, a Division Bench of the High Court of Punjab & Haryana held that Gulwant Kaur was merely al- lowed to receive the proceeds of the land in dispute in order to meet her day-to-day expenses and that she did not at all acquire any such right or interest in the property as could be termed 'limited ownership' so as to permit her to take the benefit of the provisions of sec. 14(1) of the Hindu Succession Act. According to the learned Judges, "If the General had given over the land in dispute completely to the lady then the question of sending more money could not have arisen ..... The reading of the letter leaves no manner of doubt that there was never any intention on the part of the General to give away the land of village Khurana to the lady and that instead of sending the total amount in cash, the General allowed her to utilise the amount of ckakota for meeting her day-to-day expenses." The Division Bench reversed the judgment of the learned Single Judge.
We are unable to agree with the conclusions of the Division Bench of the High Court. The question was not whether Major General Gurbux Singh intended to give away the Khurana land absolutely to Gulwant Kaur but whether the land was given to her in lieu of maintenance. A perusal of the letter dated July 28, 1958 from Major General Gurbux Singh to Gulwant Kaur and the letter dated January 15, 1966 clearly establish that the Khurana land was given to Gulwant Kaur by Gurbux Singh in lieu of her maintenance. We are unable to understand the distinction made by the High Court between day-today expenses and maintenance. It was argued by Shri Tarkunde, learned counsel for the respondents that even if the land was given to Gulwant Kaur in lieu of maintenance, it must be established that what was given to her was a limited estate in the sense of ownership without the right of alienation and that under sec. 14 of the Hindu Succession Act only such a limited estate would blossom into an absolute estate. We are unable to agree with the submission of Shri Tarkunde. Shri 582 Tarkunde invited our attention to some decisions of this court as supporting the preposition stated by him. We will presently refer to all of them.
Sec. 14 of the Hindu Succession Act is as follows:
"(1) Any property possessed by a female Hindu, whether acquired before or after the commencement of this Act, shall be held by her as full owner thereof and not as a limited owner.
Explanation--In this sub-section, "property" includes both movable and immovable property acquired by a female Hindu by inheritance or devise, or at a partition, or in lieu of maintenance or arrears of maintenance, or by gift from any person, whether a relative or not, before, at or after her marriage, or by her own skill or exertion, or by purchase or by prescription, or in any other manner whatsoever, and also any such property held by her as stridhana immediately before the commencement of this Act.
(2) Nothing contained in sub- section (1) shall apply to any property acquired by any of gift or under a will or any other instrument or under a decree or order of a civil court or under an award where the terms of the gift, will or other instrument or the decree, order or award prescribe a restricted estate in such property." It is obvious that sec. 14 is aimed at removing restric tions or limitations on the right of a female Hindu to enjoy, as a full owner, property possessed by her so long as her possession is traceable to a lawful origin, that is to say, if she has a vestige of a title. It makes no difference whether the property is acquired by inheritance or devise or at a partition or in lieu of maintenance or arrears of maintenance or by gift or by her own skill or exertion or by purchase or by prescription or in any other manner whatsoev- er. The explanation expressly refers to property acquired in lieu of maintenance and we do not see what further title the widow is required to establish before she can claim full ownership under sec. 14(1) in respect of property given to her and possessed by her in lieu of maintenance. The very right to receive maintenance is sufficient title to enable the ripening of possession into full ownership if she is in possession of the property in lieu of maintenance. Sub-sec.
2 of sec. 14 is in the nature of an exception to sec.
583 14(1) and provides for a situation where property is ac- quired by a female Hindu under a written instrument or a decree of court and not where such acquisition is traceable to any antecedents right.
In Bramma v. Verrupanna, [1966] 2 SCR 626 on the death of the last male holder, his two step mothers who had no vestige of title to the properties got possession of the properties and in answer to a suit by the rightful heirs, one of them claimed that she had become full owner of the property under sec. 14 of the Hindu Succession Act. The Supreme Court pointed out that the object of sec. 14 was to extinguish the estate called limited estate and to make a Hindu woman who would otherwise be a limited owner, a full owner of the property but it was not to confer a title on a female Hindu, who did not in fact possess any vestige of title. The case did not deal with the case of Hindu a woman who was given property in lieu of maintenance and in whom therefore a right or interest was created in the property.
In Badri Pershad v, Smt, Kanso Devi, [1970] 2 SCR 95.
The Court pointed out that a Hindu widow who after the death of her husband obtained properties under a partition award between herself and her sons, would be entitled to an abso- lute estate under sec. 14(1) of the Act and that merely because the partition was by means of an arbitration award, sec. 14(2) would not be attracted. It was made clear that sec. 14(2) was in the nature of a proviso or an exception to sec. 14(1) and that it came into operation only if the Hindu woman required the property in any of the methods indicated therein for the first time without their being any pre- existing right in her to the property. The principle of the case far from supporting Shri Tarkunde's submission supports the submission of the appellants, In Naraini Devi v. Smt. Rano Devi and Ors., [1976] 3 SCR 55 the case of Badri Pershad v. Smt. Kanso Devi (supra) was distinguished on the ground that the widow had no pre-exist- ing right in the property which she obtained under an award and therefore, the case fell squarely within sec. 14(2) of the Hindu Succession Act.
In Tulasamma v. Sesha Reddi, [1977] 3 SCR 261, it was clearly laid down that sec. 14(1) would be applicable to property given to a female Hindu in lieu of maintenance. It was also made clear that sec. 14(2) would apply only to cases where the acquisition of property was made by a Hindu female without any pre-existing right. It was said.
"It will, therefore, be seen that sub-sec. (1) of sec.
584 14 is large in its amplitude and covers every kind of acqui- sition of property by a female Hindu including acquisition in lieu of maintenance and where such property was possessed by her at the date of commencement of the Act or subsequently acquired and possessed, she would become the full owner of the property. Now, sub-section (2) of sec. 14 provides that nothing contained in sub-sec. (1) shall apply to another property acquired by way of gift or under a will or any instrument or under a decree by order of a civil court or under an award when the terms of the gift, will or other instrument or the decree, order or award prescribed a restricted estate in such property. This provision is more in the nature of a proviso or an exception to sub-sec. (1) and it was regarded as such by this court in Badri Pershad v. Kanso Devi (supra) ...................................
It is, therefore, clear that under the Shastric Hindu Law a widow has a right to be maintained out of joint family property and this right would ripen into a charge if the widow takes the necessary steps for having her maintenance ascertained and specifically charged in the joint family property and even if no specific charge is created, this right would be enforceable against joint family property in the hands of a volunteer or a purchaser taking it with notice of her claim. The right of the widow to be maintained is of course not a jus in rem, since it does not give her any interest in the joint family property but it is certainly jus ad rem, i.e., a right against the joint family property. Therefore, when specific property is allotted to the widow in lieu of her claim for maintenance, the allotment would be in satisfaction of her jusad rem, namely, the right to be maintained out of the joint family property. It would not be a grant for the first time without any preexisting right, in the widow. The widow would be getting the property in virtue of her pre-existing right, the instrument giving the property being merely a document effectuating such pre-existing right and not making a grant of the property to her for the first time without any antecedent right 'or title. There is also another consideration which is very relevant to this issue and it is that, even if the instrument were silent as to the nature of the interest given 585 to the widow in the property and did not, in so many terms, prescribe that she would have a limited interest, she would have no more than a limited interest in the property under the Hindu Law 'as it stood prior to the enactment of the Act and hence a provision in the instrument prescribing that she would have only a limited interest in the property would be, to quote the words of this Court in Nirmal Chand's case (supra), "merely recording the true legal position" and that would not attract the applicability of sub-section (2) but would be governed by sub-section (1) of section 14. The conclusion is, therefore, inescapable that where property is allotted to a widow under an instrument, decree, order or award prescribes a restricted estate for her in the property and sub-section (2) of section 14 would have no application in such a case." In Bai Vajia v. Thakorbhai Chelabhai, [1979] 3 SCR 291, the court referred to the earlier judgment in Tulsamma's case and said, "All the three Judges were thus unanimous in accepting the appeal on the ground that Tulsamma's right to maintenance was a pre-existing right, that it was in recognition of such a right that she obtained property under the compromise and that the compromise therefore did not fall within the ambit of sub-section (2) of section 14 of the Act but would attract the provisions of sub- section (1) thereof coupled with the Explanation thereto. With respect we find ourselves in complete agreement with the conclusions arrived at by Bhagwati and Fazal Ali, JJ., as also the reasons which weighed with them in coming to those conclusions." Shri Tarkunde particulary relied on the following passage in Bai Vajia v. Thakorbhai's case:
"A plain reading of sub-section(1) makes it clear that the concerned Hindu female must have limited ownership in property, which limited ownership would get enlarged by the operation of that sub-section. If it was intended to enlarge any sort of a right which could in no sense be described as ownership, the expression "and not as a limited owner" would not have been used at all and becomes redundant, which is against the well recognised 586 principle of interpretation of statutes that the Legislature does not employ meaningless language." We do not understand the court as laying down that what was enlarged by sub-sec. 1 of sec. 14 into a full estate was the Hindu woman's estate known to Hindu law. When the court uses the word 'limited estate', the words are used to connote a right in the property to which the possession of the female Hindu may be legitimately traced, but which is not a full right of ownership. If a female Hindu is put in possession of property pursuant to or in recognition of a right to maintenance, it cannot be denied that she has acquired a limited right or interest in the property and once that position is accepted, it follows that the right gets enlarged to full ownership under sec. 14(1) of the Act. That seems to us to follow clearly from the language of sec.
14(1) of the Act.
In Sellammal v. Nellammal, AIR 1977 SC 1265, the court held that property allotted to a Hindu widow in lieu of her maintenance in recognition of her pre-existing right became her the asbolute property.
In Santnanam v. Subramanya, AIR 1977 SC 2024, it was again held that property in the possession of a widow of the deceased coparcener which had been allotted to her for life in lieu of maintenance without power of alienation became her absolute property under s. 14(1) of the Act with powers of alienation.
In Krishna Das v. Venkayya, AIR 1978 SC 36 1, it was reiterated that where a widow was put in possession of joint family property in lieu of her right to maintenance, her right to the property became enlarged into an absolute estate under s. 14(1). We, therefore, think that it is rather late in the day for Shri Tarkunde to contend that the Khurana land which was given to Gulwant Kaur in lieu of maintenance did not vest in her absolutely.
We may finally refer to a recent decision of this Court in Jagannathan Pillai v. Kunjithapadam Pillai, [1987] 2 SCC 572 where Thakkar and Ray, JJ. pointed out.
" On an analysis of Section 14(1) of the Hindu Succession Act of 1955, it is evident that the legislature has abolished the concept of limited ownership in respect of a Hindu female and has enacted that any property possessed by her would thereafter be held by her as a full owner. Section 14(1) would come into operation if the property 587 (Sic) at the point of time when she has an occasion to claim or assert a title thereto.
Or, in other words, at the point of time when her right to the said property is called into question. The legal effect of section 14(1) would be that after the coming into operation of the Act there would be no property in respect of which it could be contended by anyone that a Hindu female is only a limited owner and not a full owner. (We are for the moment not concerned with the fact that sub- section(2) of section 14 which provides that Section 14(1) will not prevent creating a restricted estate in favour of a Hindu female either by gift or will or any instrument or decree of a civil court or award provided the very document creating title unto her confers a restricted estate on her). There is nothing in Section 14 which supports the proposition that a Hindu female should be in actual physical possession or in constructive possession of any property on the date of the coming into operation of the Act. The expression 'proposed' has been used in the sense of having a right to the property or control over the property. The expression 'any property possessed by a Hindu female whether acquired before or after the commencement of the Act' on an analysis yields to the following interpretation:
(1) Any property possessed by a Hindu female acquired before the commencement of the Act will be held by her as a full owner thereof and not as a limited owner.
(2) Any property possessed by a Hindu female acquired after the commencement of the Act will be held as a full owner thereof and not as a limited owner." In view of the foregoing discussion, we allow the appeal, set aside the judgment of the Division Bench of the High Court and restore that of the learned single Judge.
N.P.V. Appeal allowed.
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The Mountain From 'Game of Thrones' Wins Europe's Strongest Man Title For 5th Time
That Hafthor Bjornsson can deadlift 770-plus lbs for reps is impressive enough, but let's not forget he can actually deadlift 1,000 lbs. He told Men's Health his mental trick for nailing deads, and it sounded like the kind of thing that might help anyone at any level.
Bjornsson says you «push the ground away with your feet,» when deadlifting, «which will also help you keep your hips lower to the ground.»
Hafthor Bjornsson is one seriously strong dude.
One of the stars of the biggest TV show in the world. Winner of the 2018 World's Strongest Man competition. And now 6-foot-9 Icelandic giant Hafthor Bjornsson throws another trophy on the shelf: Europe's Strongest Man-for the fifth time, ever.
If you really look at Bjornsson his feats don't sound so crazy. The man is unimaginably huge. Still, even if you might expect a man of his absurd physical dimensions to be stronger than any human has a right to be, watching him deadlift 771 lbs for 10 reps is mind-boggling.
More than that, it's not like the fatigue he feels about seven reps in actually shows that much on his face.
According to Men's Health, here are some of the other challenges Bjornsson faced to win this one:
Along with the axle-deadlift the contest included a log lift challenge, a tyre flip and anchor drag, an Atlas stone lift, and the pillars of Hercules.
That event involves the strongman holding two chains and trying to prevent two 350-pound-plus pillars from falling down.
Check out the biblical drama of Bjornsson holding the pillars up below.
Wow. It's safe to say his work as the evil and brutal Mountain (Ser Gregor Clegane) on Game of Thrones is probably the easiest part of his career so far.
Bjornsson sounds like a decent family man, though. He tells Men's Health that he motivates himself in competition by thinking about «all the hard work, sweat, and tears» he's put into his career, as well as his daughter.
Give that a shot the next time you're in the gym. But not with 771 pounds.
Fans will get to see the massive strongman put his acting chops to work after Game of Thrones premieres on HBO on April 14.
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Respect Life Series: How Do We Honor Our Seniors?
In this aging population the elders of our society are not being honored. In the news we have questions of Medicare and end of life care. Each of these things should be treated with respect. After all, we all have hopes of getting older. We just need to follow simple rules to give them the dignity and respect that they need and are entitled too.
Do not expect old people to be much different from any other age. Some old people can become very childish; but, some young people are very childish also.
Be careful about correcting an old person's opinion. The old person may be wrong; but again, you may be wrong. He or she has lived a long time and his or her opinion is worth the consideration of age.
Treat old people just like you want to be treated when you get old. If you are fortunate enough to have someone in your family that is elderly. Consider it a blessing and take care that someone is interested in how they are living. No one deserves to live in squalor, hungry and mistreated. If they have a home attendant, check in on them. Don't just assume that the care is up to par. Check the nursing home on a regular basis. If you see something wrong say something and report it. We all want to be cared for when we are older.
Old folks love to laugh. They tell great stories and can give you great laughs. Humor keeps the heart young and exercises the muscles.
Visit the old people. Loneliness is an awful feeling. Visit. Even if you don't have someone older in your family. Volunteer during the holidays to go and visit. It is an awful thing to be left alone in a nursing home and forgotten. Sometimes they have outlived all their relatives and just need someone to care that they are there. A smile and laugh mean the world to them. It is also good for your soul. I promise you will feel great.
Respect Life Series: How Do We View Poverty?


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With Shadowhunters coming to an end, our favorite seelie, Jade Hassouné, takes on the music world as J4DE. His new single, "Insta Story" debuted this month and is now available in Apple Music, Spotify and several other platforms for streaming. Learn more about his music below!
Welcome back to Defective Geeks, Jade! Or shall we say, J4DE? We're so excited for you and your debut EP. How are you feeling about releasing your music to the world?
Hi! Thanks so much! Makes me very happy. I feel so excited about this new phase in my life. I won't lie, it was quite the vulnerable feeling when I put my music out there, I felt unsure about how it would be perceived. It's one of the first time I've put anything that was completely mine out there into the world, especially something so personal and where I made artistic choices that were very bold like the super pop-y style of music and the auto-tune vibe of the song which to me represents the filters of instagram. I do love me some auto-tune though but some people judge it. And since they have nothing else to compare it to, it might seem like a mistake or trying to make myself sound good. But I had a vision and I stuck to it, and the response has been very positive! Besides, the fans is who I am doing this for anyway. This is just the beginning and it is picking up momentum which I am very happy to see!
June 26, 2019by Space Pirate Queen
INTERVIEW: Award-Winning Singer & Songwriter, Bree Taylor, Talks about Her New Single 'You Played It All'
Using a catchy dance beat, Bree Taylor's new song, You Played It All, is about dating and relationships in today's modern world and was inspired from Bree's personal experience. She spoke to Defective Geeks about her rise as a musician, what it meant to overcome negativity in her life and embracing her passion with 100% confidence. Read more about her journey and her new song below!
Bree Taylor's new single, You Played It All, from her first EP Unbreakable is out now, available on Spotify, iTunes and GooglePlay.
Hello, Bree! Thank you for taking the time and answering my questions. First of all, how long have you been singing and what has it been like pursuing music as a career? Who are your personal inspirations?
I have been singing since I was a kid. I always loved singing, writing and being creative and I was always surrounded by music growing up so wanting this as a career has always been on my mind and in my heart– it just took me a long time to really get the confidence to go after it. I was a very shy and introverted kid because of bullying in school which was the opposite of who I was at heart. I felt like I had to suppress myself. I was told I wasn't good enough and couldn't sing and it discouraged me from performing and affected me in having that confidence to pursue it as a career. It took me growing as a person and going through life events to really set me back on this path and realize that this is my purpose and what I am meant to do. I owe a lot of it to my relationship with God. I truly feel that this is my God given purpose and when I trust and have faith, I find that that is when magic happens with my music.
October 29, 2018by Space Pirate Queen
INTERVIEW: Pastel Supernova, Award-Winning Burlesque Dancer, Founder of Love Letters Cabaret
As women, we all want to feel empowered through our own bodies and gender– and Pastel Supernova is using her love of dance as a way to deliver a powerful message of positivity. In 2012, Pastel founded Love Letters Cabaret after she had spent many years touring the world and performing. Check out our interview with her below and she talks about her creative projects and message to the world.
Hello, Pastel, thank you for talking with Defective Geeks! Tell us how you made your way back to Toronto in 2012 and what inspired you to start Love Letters Cabaret
Hello Defective Geeks! I had been touring for several years around the globe and throughout that time Toronto was my home base… so when I was done, I just went home and started reconnecting and collaborating with dope artists in my city. At the time I was deeply in love with a dude and my favorite thing to do for him was gift him with various creative works. My first show, which was supposed to be a one-off, was a series of physical love letters of sorts. I kept him in mind choreographing different pieces and the more I created the more dancers wanted to be a part of it. The show went well and the audience, the cast and I wanted to continue the experience so Love Letters Cabaret was born.
May 21, 2018by Space Pirate Queen
INTERVIEW: Abigail Winter on Her Role in 'Mary Kills People' and Falling In-Love with Performing
In Mary Kills People, Abigail Winter's character, Jess, deals with her relationship with her mother who may be hiding a deep, dark secret from her. Outside of this dramatic role, Winter lives a fully creative life not just as an actor, but also as a writer and musician/singer. Find out more about her in our interview below!
Hi Abigail, thank you for chatting with Defective Geeks! First off, tell us about Mary Kills People and your character, Jess.
It's my pleasure! Mary Kills People is a unique, trail blazing drama about a doctor named Mary Harris who also moonlights as someone who helps the terminally ill with assisted suicide. In the world which the show in set, doctor assisted suicide is not yet legal, so Mary must hide this part of her life to her family. I play Jess Geller, Mary's sensitive, intuitive teenage daughter. She can sense that her mother is hiding something, and as Mary grows more and more absent, Jess is not only confused but also feels she's taking a back seat to her mom's "double life". This results in a very rocky relationship with her mother. Additionally, Jess finds herself in a tumultuous relationship with her bad-influence best friend, Naomi. Naomi plays with Jess' romantic feelings, who is in the middle of coming to terms with her sexuality.
February 19, 2018by Space Pirate Queen
INTERVIEW: Emily Piggford on That's My DJ, Creativity and Theatre
Emily Piggford is known for her compelling role as Meagan in the award-winning web series, That's My DJ, and won Best Performance by an Actress at the Canadian Screen Awards. You can also see her in other television shows like The Girlfriend Experience, Lost Girl and Hemlock Grove. We spoke to her about her experience working on one of the most unique web series online and also her work in theatre. Check out the interview below.
What initially drew you to your character, Meagan, in That's My DJ?
That she was a party girl with a heart of gold! Also I really like my quiet time and country music and staying in and while Meagan and I are both very playful people, we have completely different playgrounds. I was excited to play someone that was so joyfully immersed in this world of partying and EDM and DJs that I was so far removed from.
April 26, 2017by Space Pirate Queen


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Le district de Kinabatangan () est un district administratif de l'État malaisien de Sabah, qui fait partie de la Division de l'Intérieur. La capitale du district est dans la ville de Kinabatangan.

Démographie

Histoire

Voir aussi

Liens connexes
 Districts de Malaisie

Bibliographie
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Références

Sabah
Kinabatangan


Tech company Learning Pool, leading provider of online learning for global organisations, is delighted to announce plans to create new jobs throughout the UK with the launch of 20 exciting roles.
Training Industry gives top honors to AllenComm for their innovative gamification learning solutions.
Knowledge Anywhere LMS customers can now offer their learners access to the LinkedIn Learning course library from within their LMS.
To try to bring clarity to the confusing and increasingly complex world of Learning Management Systems (LMSs), eLearning Industry, is offering online advice and guidance to those considering buying a customer training LMS.
LEO Learning recognised for providing top-of-the-line gamified training services and technologies to boost learning and business impact.
Third annual LEO Learning and Watershed survey aims to benchmark industry progress in measuring organisational Learning and Development.
The company took home top honors in the Leadership or Skills Development Solution Provider of the Year category.
The network-based media and publishing company, eLearning Industry, has revealed eight key questions that all buyers of extended enterprise LMSs need to have answered satisfactorily to help them through the selection process.
B Online Learning, an experienced learning company today released their Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) learning platform, Birch at DevLearn.


Should you play sports to get in shape, or should you be in shape to play sports?
The answer to this important question is no, you shouldn't play sports to get in shape; you should be in shape to play sports.
Working out is what you should do to prepare for the life you lead. For some people, that means preparing their body to be able to walk to and from work; to play with the kids at the park without back pain; or to sit at a desk all day without neck pain. For the athletes among us, it also means preparing your body to be able to jump, run, turn, stop, kick, and throw as well as possible without injury.
My philosophy about training is that we train for our activities so that we can enjoy them more and with fewer injuries. Yes working out does improve performance, but I believe that is merely a fringe benefit. Understanding that injury risk reduction is the primary goal of training is important because most weekend warriors and recreational athletes play sports for fun, and they do not work out outside of playing because running faster or jumping higher is not a priority; they just want to be out there every week.
But then I see the number of these athletes hobbling around with hamstring strains, IT band syndrome, shin splints and back pain, and I wonder if they see the correlation to working out. In fact, anyone who has ever suffered an injury is 19 times more likely to suffer another injury! Wow.
What are the other major risk factors for injury? Asymmetry in range of motion or strength. There are others of course – body mass index, playing surface are also factors.
I believe there is a significant link between asymmetries and previous injury as risk factors. When people return to play from an injury it is usually after being told by their doctor or physical therapist that they are "as strong as they were before they got injured". But unless the injury was a contact injury, that initial injury occurred because there was a weakness or asymmetry somewhere, so getting back to pre-injury level is not enough.
How do you find out if you are ready to play?
The best system available for assessing and correcting asymmetries is the Functional Movement Screen (FMS). The FMS is a process administered by a strength and conditioning specialist or therapist who will score you through the performance of 7 basic movements, including an overhead squat, a lunge, a hurdle step, shoulder mobility, active straight leg raise, push up and rotary stability test. You will be assigned a score for each test based on your ability to perform these tests, and the compensatory patterns you demonstrate to do them. The practitioner will identify the two tests for which you are exhibit the most dysfunction, and will prescribe corrective exercises to help you regain proper movement.
How effective is the FMS for identifying injury risk? A study of NFL players published in the North American Journal of Sports Physical Therapy (Aug 2007, vol. 2, Number 3) concluded that NFL players who scored 14 or lower (out of 21) on the FMS were 11 times more likely to suffer injury than those who scored higher than 14.
Not surprisingly, the FMS has been used by many professional sports franchises, including the Anaheim Ducks, Carolina Hurricanes, Montreal Canadiens, Atlanta Falcons, Baltimore Ravens, Green Bay Packers, New York Jets, Cleveland Indians, and Toronto Blue Jays.
And it is not just athletes who have reaped the benefits of the FMS. A separate study was done with firefighters in California. Firefighters who took part in an FMS-directed workout program to improve strength and flexibility had a 62% reduction in lost time due to injury over a one year period (Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology).
For athletes, there are some other great assessment tools that complement the FMS, including core endurance, single leg squat, side-lying abduction, and the Hop and Stop (for acceleration and deceleration). The Hop and Stop test is something you can have a trainer put you through, but you can probably also try it at home on your own – instructions are available on the Athletes by Design website.
It is important to note that it is not the assessment tools that reduce injury risk; it is working out using the strength and conditioning program tailored to your needs that reduces injury risk. That program should contain corrective exercises to improve your movement, as well as strength and mobility work that relates to the activities you will be performing. The main goal of your workout is to get you fit enough to enjoy your sport, but it comes with a great side benefit of also making you "faster, stronger, higher".
In answer to the initial question, if you play your sport to train for your sport, you are probably not ready to play your sport – or at least not safely. So if you want to continue to enjoy your favourite activities well into old age, it's probably time to start working out.
I definitely agree. I recently rejoined a gym to get back into shape to be prepared to play more sports. I think its even more important to ensure you take the time to workout when you have kids. It ensures you can "keep up" with them as you get older. The weekend warrior attitude works for a bit, but is not doubt more harmful than good.


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Christopher Campbell-Howes accounts for his morning . . .
St Pons
ALONG THE road early to St Pons de Thomières, a place of 2353 inhabitants, according to the 2007 census. One of the curiosities of St Pons - as it's called for short - is that there's a cathedral in the middle of it. If hosting a cathedral promotes a place to the rank of city, St Pons must be the smallest cathedral city in France, if not Europe. It's a peculiar cathedral, too. For one thing it's the wrong way round. For the early church builders it was imperative for the altar end to face east, towards Jerusalem.
St Pons de Thomières Cathedral
It's the other way round at St Pons. You enter from the east, as though you'd just come as the crow flies from Jerusalem, through a small, unobtrusive door. You find yourself in a vast nave, dark, dank, musty and not in the least conducive to spiritual uplift. It wouldn't surprise me to see bats flying about in it. Vampires - but no, I must rein my imagination in. If you want to know any more about it, I can only refer you to a local on-line guide, which reads: It is at the 10th century that Raymond Pons, Count de Toulouse melts an abbey on left bank of Jaur around which a quoted news will increase. In 1077 the abbey did not gather less than 11 monasteries and in 1318 the abbey one is high with the row of cathedral. During wars of religion, in 1567, the abbey is put at bag. This is why, the cathedral, such as you see her today, has sudden many modifications.
So now you know. 'Put at bag', indeed. I see what's happened. The original French would have been mise à sac, put to the sack, i.e. robbed, burnt and ruined. The translation engine has picked up sac as meaning 'bag' . . .
. . . but before I start issuing stern warnings about the idiocy of using on-line translation services, I'd better just tell you about the west end of the cathedral, where there's a mighty organ spreading its wings like a giant bird. Beneath the organ there's the high altar, a monstrous curly-wurly Baroque confection in the local marble, blood red with veins of white like sirloin steak.
Mention of blood leads me to the reason for going to St Pons so early in the morning. There's a medical laboratory a short bat's flight from the west end of the cathedral, where there is, as you might expect, an absolutely magnificent late Romanesque door. This doorway is never photographed, because a narrow street divides it from the houses built in front of it and no camera known to me has a lens capable of taking in a 40 metre wide field of vision from 1.5 metres away without distortion. Why has this cathedral been turned the wrong way round? I don't know.
I have an appointment at the medical laboratory, so I go in, introduce myself and hand over my Carte Vitale. This is an electronic card with my French National Insurance number, personal details and entitlements under the French national health scheme, a must for anyone living in France full-time. The laboratory is private and very old-fashioned, although the equipment is well up-to-date. After a short wait M.Leroux the proprietor, who lives upstairs above the shop, calls me in. We shake hands. He finds a blood vessel on the inside of my elbow, inserts a needle and takes out some blood, about an egg-cupful.
Some people can look at the syringe being thrust into their arm and filling with their own blood, others find it difficult. For some reason I prefer to look away, although I have no qualms about seeing other people being injected. Does this show a sensitive, artistic temperament? If so it's shared with M. Leroux the blood-letter: he's an amateur classical pianist. He tells me how he's progressing with the fantastically difficult Chopin piece he's working on. Would I like to come and hear how he's getting on? Would I like to try his Bosendorfer grand piano? These were unusual propositions coming from one who normally spends his time checking my cholesterol levels, but all the same I said I'd be delighted.
JUST AT the moment I'm on my own. Josephine is away in the UK for a few days, so I'm having to look after myself. Self-care depends heavily on Karine. I hasten to say, before you go jumping to conclusions, that Karine and her husband run a service station in the next village, a place called Mons la Trivalle. They've barely been there a year, but they've transformed what was a rather run-down filling station into the humming, throbbing social hub of the area, it seems to me.
Karine, in addition to keeping an eye on the pumps, also bakes. Quiches, tarts, desserts, filled baguettes, pizzas, that sort of thing. Just the thing for blokes on their own, if only temporarily. So after leaving the blood-letter with no fixed appointment but merely an outline intention to go and hear him play Chopin on his Bosendorfer grand, I dropped in on Karine. With a deep sigh designed to call out the sympathy vote I said I was living la vie célibataire, as a bachelor. I felt this was enough to draw out her instant maternal care instincts, suggesting what I might like from her plenty for my lunch, tea (called goûter here) and supper. And maybe even breakfast the next day, because she has a goodly supply of croissants and pains au chocolat, those flaky pastry delights with little lumps of dark chocolate inside. Mmmmm . . .
However, all she said was that I was a lucky bloke (Ah! le veinard!), she'd been married for 30 years and could just fancy a dose of la vie célibataire. Further development of this theme was held up by the arrival of an équipement team, who had come in for their breakfast. Equipement means the local authority's direct labour force: they're the people who mow the road verges, plough snow, dig out ditches, cut up fallen trees, etc. I've always found them a cheery bunch, laughing and singing from morn till night like the Miller of Dee.
One of them picked up the fag-end of our conversation. 'I've been married,' he said to me, 'for . . .'
There was a lull in the laughter and song while he worked the sum out on his fingers.
'36 years.'
'Congratulations,' I said. 'I'm afraid I can't match that.'
'To the same woman.'
Murmurs of acknowledgement from the other équipement members that 36 years with the same wife was pretty unusual . . . these days, you know . . . right old merry-go-round . . . some women . . . might as well have a season ticket . . . I blame the telly . . . Papy (i.e. Grandad) would be turning in his grave . . . funny old world, and so on.
They asked me how long I'd been married.
'Four years,' I replied. 'To the same woman.'
They seemed to think this was terribly funny.
Karine served them coffee and croissants at a table in the corner of the little snackery she's made, and then sold me - excellent value at €3 (£2.60) - a 90º slice of broccoli and Roquefort cheese quiche, putting it in a little bag for me. Or perhaps I should say 'put at bag'? It certainly didn't take me long to demolish it.
On my own. I'm quite looking forward to Josephine's return.
christmas shopping quatorze juillet christmas markets history short break bastille day french lifestyle


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15 Luxury Safari Lodges in Kenya
South Africa Destinations
Top 10 Must-See Tourist Attractions in Morocco
Places to visit in Mombasa
Africa Travel, Kenya |
Mombasa is an enchanting coastal city sewn along the inviting shores of the Indian Ocean. This sun-kissed city is a haven for thrill-seekers and people who are looking to uncover unlimited adventure. There are many places to visit in Mombasa including white sandy beaches, water sports, marine parks, cultural centers, shopping spots, exotic forests; the list goes on.
As the second largest city in Kenya, Mombasa is highly cosmopolitan with cultural and architectural influences that range from Arabic to Indian, European, Chinese and Swahili. Mombasa island is pristine; it is connected to the mainland through the Makupa Causeway, Likoni Ferry and Nyali Bridge. This bustling picturesque city is always eager to please visitors. This article looks at the top rated places to visit in Mombasa that you need to know about.
Suggested Tour
Full-Day Tour of Mombasa
The tour begins from any accommodation in Mombasa area and visits: Fort Jesus Historical Museum, Old town, Walk in the market and lunch in a local dishes restaurant in Mombasa, Mombasa Giant elephant Tusk monument and afternoon visit to the haller park.
(Find a hotel in Mombasa)
Fort Jesus
This is the most iconic historical element of Mombasa island. To this end, Fort Jesus tops the list of valued attractions. This fort was built by the Portuguese in the 16th Century with the purpose of guarding the Old Port of Mombasa. This fort was designed by an Italian architect Giovanni Battista Cairati. This jewel has come a long way, being conquered and captured by various powers by the 19th Century.
Today, this top attraction is home to conservation labs, a museum and research programs. You can expect to view various cultural collections including ceramics, pottery, jewelry and more. From an aerial view, this fort has the shape of a man. In 2011, Fort Jesus was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. This 16th-century masterpiece is one of a kind.
This reserve came about after a successful reclamation process of abandoned limestone quarries. Dr. Rene Haller is the visionary who spearheaded this project to create an alluring natural reserve; an animal hub. Dr. Haller developed an ecosystem by introducing suitable trees, a fish farm and enhancing the mineral content in the soil. In this regard, all animals here have a purpose in helping the ecosystem thrive as desired.
Animal enthusiasts will be happy to find a host of animals at the park including zebras, hippos, giraffes, buffaloes, water-bucks and more. This is also a haven for bird lovers. Among others, the park is home to storks, pelicans, cranes and weaver birds.
Mombasa Marine National Park
This extraordinary marine park showcases all the offshore delights. It plays a conservation role for the coral reef, mangroves, seagrass beds among others. This exciting location offers you a wealth of water activities including snorkeling and diving. Here, you will get to see wonderful marine life including eels, seahorses and stingrays. If you prefer to keep dry, the fun is not limited because you can view all the exciting marine life from a glass-bottom boat.
This is an ideal place to enjoy the rich history of Mombasa Island. Walking through narrow streets will reveal a cultural melting pot where Asian, Arabic, and European elements stand out.
Discover the old days and imagine how the Portuguese ruled this Southeastern part of the Island.
This beautiful setting has Fort Jesus overlooking the harbor; as if it was still guarding the old port.
Mamba Village Center (The Village of Crocodiles)
This is an expansive crocodile farm that gives visitors a true taste of what these exciting creatures are all about. Brace yourself to see these formidable amphibians fight for a meal. This center is also a great place to enjoy an aquarium, a botanical garden and horseback riding.
The center is also home to a restaurant that serves delicacies courtesy of game meat. If you have never eaten crocodile meat, this is the place to do it. Other game meats are ostrich and zebra.
Bombolulu Workshops and Cultural Center
This noble center is a project of the physically disabled in Kenya. Through their association, the center showcases culture through workshops, tribal dances, and a restaurant. The center will also display various Kenyan homesteads. Visitors can buy souvenirs ranging from wood carvings to jewelry and leather creations. The restaurant will serve the true Kenyan cuisines in this proud showcase of rich culture.
Wasini Island
This 5 sq km island is very small; it is ideal for snorkeling and diving. The beautiful coral reefs and visible ruins are worth your while. In addition, this is a dolphin route and in essence, you can actually swim with these friendly creatures.
Enjoy great seafood at Wasini Village as you explore the deep culture and history. Shimoni Caves found here will make for adventurous exploration.
Find a hotel in Diani Beach
Kisite-Mpunguti Marine National Park
This marine park is made up of four small islands. It is located in the South of Wasini where the coral reef is rich with fish. Visitors here will get to spot dolphins, dive, and snorkel as desired. Between August and October, this is the right place to watch humpback whales swim by. The marine life is abundant including green sea turtles, snappers, moray eels, angelfish and much more.
Shimba Hills National Reserve
This reserve is a contrast to the busy beach resorts. It offers a tranquil escape to enjoy biodiversity in plants and animals. From waterfalls to the savanna and a rain-forest, this rich reserve does not disappoint. Rare plants and animal species are conserved here.
In essence, this is home to the highest population of elephants in Kenya. Leopards and antelopes are present alongside and a bustling bird-life. Forest walks, swimming and picnicking will keep you entertained.
Gede Ruins
By I, Mgiganteus, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2493655
These ruins reveal the deep history of the ancient Arab town. They are located in a breathtaking rain-forest. Among the ruins include coral stone houses, a palace and the Great Mosque. Tombs and other artifacts have also been discovered telling a story of intertwined cultures.
The site hosts a museum that displays cultural artifacts like Spanish scissors, Persian earthenware and Ming Chinese Porcelain. Gede Ruins are believed to have been rebuilt in the 15th century.
Arabuko-Sokoke National Forest
This indigenous coastal forest is a cherished jewel in East Africa- it is the only remaining one. Here, you will see exotic and rare wildlife ranging from birds to butterflies and mammals. Some rare animals include the bushy-tailed mongoose and the Ader's duiker. The forest provides for unparalleled picnic spots.
This is an invigorating fishing destination that is home to over 600 species of fish. Gede Ruins, Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Reserve and Malindi Marine National Reserve are very close to Watamu.
To this end, a lot of activity including snorkeling, diving, windsurfing, dolphin watching and beach bathing and others are possible. Watamu stands out as an excellent turtle breeding hub.
This location is about 112 km from Mombasa and it is the perfect escape to unwind and have unlimited fun.
Find a hotel in Watamu
See also: Kenya Tourist Attractions and Activities
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I recently graduated from School of Visual Arts in NYC. I'm focusing on Motion Graphics, Packaging Design, UX/UI, Typeface Design and Hand lettering. Since I graduated, I've worked as a Motion Designer at several studios, including Red Antler, Gretel, Collins and Hornet. And right now I'm seeking full-time role of Motion Designer or 2D Animator.


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Pyrota is a genus of blister beetles in the family Meloidae. There are at least 30 described species in Pyrota.

Species
These 31 species belong to the genus Pyrota:

 Pyrota akhurstiana Horn, 1891 i c g b
 Pyrota bilineata Horn, 1885 i c g b
 Pyrota centenaria Breyer & Trant, 1910 i c g b
 Pyrota concinna Casey, 1891 i c g b
 Pyrota deceptiva Selander, 1963 i c g b
 Pyrota discoidea LeConte, 1853 i c g b
 Pyrota engelmanni LeConte, 1847 i c g b
 Pyrota fasciata Selander, 1963 i c g b
 Pyrota hirticollis Champion, 1891 i c g
 Pyrota insulata (LeConte, 1858) i c g b (yellow-crescent blister beetle)
 Pyrota invita Horn, 1885 i c g b
 Pyrota lineata (Olivier, 1795) b
 Pyrota mariarum Champion, 1891 i c g
 Pyrota mutata b
 Pyrota mylabrina Chevrolat, 1834 i c g b
 Pyrota nigra Selander, 1983 i c g
 Pyrota nigrovittata b
 Pyrota nobilis (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880) i c g
 Pyrota obliquefascia Schaeffer, 1908 b
 Pyrota pacifica Selander, 1982 i c g
 Pyrota palpalis Champion, 1891 i c g b (Charlie Brown blister beetle)
 Pyrota perversa Dillon, 1952 i c g b
 Pyrota plagiata (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880) i c g b
 Pyrota postica LeConte, 1858 i c g b
 Pyrota punctata Casey, 1891 i c g b
 Pyrota quadrinervata (Herrera and Mendoza, 1866) i c g
 Pyrota rugulipennis Champion, 1891 i c g
 Pyrota sinuata (Olivier, 1795) i c g b
 Pyrota tenuicostatis (Dugès, 1869) i c g b (red-margined blister beetle)
 Pyrota terrestris Selander, 1963 i c g
 Pyrota trochanterica Horn, 1894 b
 Pyrota victoria Dillon, 1952 i c g

Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net

References

Further reading

External links

Meloidae
Articles created by Qbugbot


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text:
Frankenstein describes the Creature's creation:
I doubted at first whether I should attempt the creation of a being like myself or one of simpler organization; but my imagination was too much exalted by my first success to permit me to doubt of my ability to give life to an animal as complex and wonderful as man. The materials at present within my command hardly appeared adequate to so arduous an undertaking; but I doubted not that I should ultimately succeed. ... As the minuteness of the parts formed a great hindrance to my speed, I resolved, contrary to my first intention, to make the being of a gigantic stature; that is to say, about eight feet in height, and proportionably large. (1.3.5)
Upon bringing his creation to life, however, he is terrified by its hideous appearance:
How can I describe my emotions at this catastrophe, or how delineate the wretch whom with such infinite pains and care I had endeavoured to form? His limbs were in proportion, and I had selected his features as beautiful. Beautiful! Great God! His yellow skin scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries beneath; his hair was of a lustrous black, and flowing; his teeth of a pearly whiteness; but these luxuriances only formed a more horrid contrast with his watery eyes, that seemed almost of the same colour as the dun white sockets in which they were set, his shrivelled complexion, and straight black lips. (1.4.1)
Frankenstein rushes from the room and sees no more of his Creature until after William's death, when he encounters the Creature outside Geneva: "A flash of lightning illuminated the object, and discovered its shape plainly to me; its gigantic stature, and the deformity of its aspect, more hideous than belongs to humanity, instantly informed me that it was the wretch, the filthy dæmon, to whom I had given life" (1.6.7). Later the Creature meets Frankenstein on the Mer de Glace, and there narrates fully a third of the novel to his creator, describing his first sensations (2.3.1), his first encounter with a terrified observer (2.3.4), and his discovery of a shelter beside the cottage of the De Laceys (2.3.5).
After unintentionally driving the De Laceys from him, he vows vengeance on humanity, and especially on his creator: "I, like the arch fiend, bore a hell within me; and, finding myself unsympathized with, wished to tear up the trees, spread havoc and destruction around me, and then to have sat down and enjoyed the ruin. ... I declared everlasting war against the species, and, more than all, against him who had formed me, and sent me forth to this insupportable misery" (2.8.1) He goes to seek Frankenstein, and on the way encounters and murders William (2.8.9).
At the end of his long narrative, the Creature demands that Frankestein create for him a mate (2.8.10), a task Frankenstein at first refuses. But the Creature's eloquence prevails:
If I have no ties and no affections, hatred and vice must be my portion; the love of another will destroy the cause of my crimes, and I shall become a thing, of whose existence every one will be ignorant. My vices are the children of a forced solitude that I abhor; and my virtues will necessarily arise when I live in communion with an equal. I shall feel the affections of a sensitive being, and become linked to the chain of existence and events, from which I am now excluded. (2.9.4)
Frankenstein agrees to create a female, and travels with Clerval to Great Britain, where he begins his work.
But Frankenstein, fearing the propagation of "a race of devils" (3.3.1), reneges on his promise, and destroys his half-finished creation (3.3.2). The furious Creature declares:
Slave, I before reasoned with you, but you have proved yourself unworthy of my condescension. Remember that I have power; you believe yourself miserable, but I can make you so wretched that the light of day will be hateful to you. You are my creator, but I am your master; obey! (3.3.3)
Vowing, "I shall be with you on your wedding-night" (3.3.4), the Creature rushes away. When Frankenstein is framed for the murder of Clerval, he realizes it is the Creature's doing (3.4.3). Misunderstanding the import of the Creature's resolution to be with him on his wedding night, he leaves his bride Elizabeth defenseless to the Creature's murderous assault (3.6.2). Victor pursues the Creature, who leads him northward across Europe into the Arctic, leaving inscriptions to taunt his creator (3.7.5).
Finally Frankenstein is picked up by Walton, who is uncertain about his story until, after Frankenstein's death from exhaustion, the Creature appears aboard ship and laments over his body (Walton 12). He justifies his actions to Walton -- "I pitied Frankenstein; my pity amounted to horror: I abhorred myself. . . .I knew that I was preparing for myself a deadly torture; but I was the slave, not the master of an impulse, which I detested, yet could not disobey" (Walton 14) -- and declares his intention to "seek the most northern extremity of the globe" (Walton 16), there to immolate himself and find rest in death.
Letter 1.2 and note ("Secret of the magnet")
1.1.6 and note ("The structure of languages, nor the code ... of various states") [1831 only]
1.2.5 and note ("Little squat man")
1.4.1 and note ("The creature open; it")
2.2.4 and note ("The wretched")
2.2.4 and note ("Your duty")
2.3.1 and note ("I was a poor, helpless, miserable wretch")
2.3.6 and note ("Unlike what I have since found cottagers")
2.5.1 and note ("I beheld a countenance of angelic beauty")
2.5.4 and note ("Stars of pale radiance among the moonlight woods")


text:
Call: 0203 3898 596
Home What is PRT? How does it work? 5-step programme About Contact Download brochure
Version 1.0 with effect from 18 TH October 2018.
These Terms of Service along with the terms set out in your Treatment Letter and our Privacy Policy (https://www.gocarer.com/privacy-policy) (Terms) are the terms upon which treatment will be provided to you and your Child by GoCarer. Please read the Terms carefully and ask us if there is something that you would like explained further.
1.1 The definitions below shall apply to these Terms of Service (Terms):
Charges mean the fees applied to the Services as set out in the Treatment Letter;
Child means a person under the age of 18 for whom the Client is the parent or legal guardian;
Client means the person who engages GoCarer to provide the Services;
Contract means the Client's request for the Services and GoCarer's agreement to provide the Client with the Services;
GoCarer means the trading name of Pivotal Way Limited (company number 11623942) whose registered office is at Mulberry Cottage, Clamp Hill, Stanmore, London, HA7 3JQ;
Services means the service consultancy to be provided by GoCarer under the Contract and as set out in the Treatment Letter, as may be amended from time to time;
Treatment Letter means the letter sent to the Client setting out the care, treatment and services to be provided by GoCarer.
2. APPLICATION OF TERMS
2.1 These Terms shall apply to and be incorporated into the Contract.
2.2 The Client's request for the Services, or the Client's acceptance of a quotation for Services by GoCarer, constitutes an offer by the Client to purchase the Services specified in it on these Terms. No offer placed by the Client shall be accepted by GoCarer other than:
(a) by written acknowledgement from GoCarer; or
(b) by GoCarer starting to provide the Services, when a contract for the supply and purchase of the Services on these Terms will be established.
2.3 The Client agrees to be bound by these Terms on behalf of the Child, even if the Child breaches, or is not bound by, any part of these Terms. In these circumstances, references in these Terms to the Client shall include the Child.
2.4 GoCarer may update these Terms from time to time, however any new terms will not apply to Services which are part-way through when these Terms are changed.
2.5 If there is any conflict between these Terms of Service and the Treatment Letter, the Treatment Letter will take precedence.
3. COMMENCEMENT AND DURATION
3.1 The Services supplied under the Contract shall be provided by GoCarer to the Client from the date of acceptance by GoCarer of the Client's offer in accordance with paragraph 2.2.
3.2 GoCarer will not commence providing the Services until it is satisfied the Client or Child does not have any pre-existing medical condition or other factor that would mean the Services are not in the best interests of the Client or Child.
4. GoCarer OBLIGATIONS
4.1 GoCarer shall use reasonable endeavours to provide the Services in accordance with the treatment plan as discussed and agreed between the parties and set out in the Treatment Letter.
4.2 For the avoidance of doubt, due to the complex factors that influence the final outcome of the Services, GoCarer can accept no responsibility in the event that treatment is unsuccessful.
5. CLIENT OBLIGATIONS
5.1 The Client shall:
(a) co-operate with GoCarer in all matters relating to the Services;
(b) provide to GoCarer, in a timely manner, such information as GoCarer may require and ensure that it is accurate in all material respects;
(c) ensure the Child is ready at the start of each appointment to undergo treatment;
(d) co-operate fully with GoCarer staff in relation to the Services and ensure any behaviour policies of GoCarer are adhered to.
5.2 For the avoidance of doubt, any abusive behaviour or behaviour by a Client or Child deemed to be inappropriate shall constitute a breach of these Terms and shall entitle GoCarer to terminate the Contract in accordance with paragraph 13.
6.1 Appointments will either be at the Client's home or at a GoCarer clinic.
6.2 The time, date and frequency of appointments will be discussed and agreed between the parties, and will depend on the Services to be provided.
6.3 Should the Client need to cancel an appointment, or change the time, date or location of an appointment, the Client will provide GoCarer with at least 48 hours' notice. GoCarer reserves the right to charge a cancellation fee if the Client cancels or changes an appointment within 48 hours of the appointment start time.
6.4 Should GoCarer need to cancel a Client's appointment, GoCarer will give the Client as much prior notice as possible and will reschedule the Client's appointment.
6.5 If our clinician runs over 30 minutes late to the scheduled session, we will refund you the full amount for the session (at a rate of £35 per session).
6.6 If the staff arrives at your home or child's school on time but is unable to enter, will wait for a maximum of 20 minutes. After 20 minutes, the session will be treated as cancelled and a cancellation fee of £10 will apply.
6.7 In the event of illness or other circumstances that prevent your primary gclinician from carrying out their sessions, the secondary clinician will take gover the primary clinician's responsibilities during the time. If both gclinicians are unavailable, our office will contact you in advance to work gout arrangements.
7. CHARGES AND PAYMENT
7.1 In consideration of the provision of the Services by GoCarer, the Client shall pay the Charges.
7.2 The Charges may be paid by the Client either:
(a) in full prior to the commencement of the Services, in which case the Charges will be discounted and an invoice for the full amount will be sent to the Client; or
(b) monthly throughout the duration of the Services, in which case GoCarer will invoice the Client monthly in arrears.
7.3 The Client shall pay each invoice submitted to it by GoCarer, in full and in cleared funds, within 14 days to a bank account nominated in writing by GoCarer.
7.4 The Charges payable by the Client under the Contract are exclusive of VAT and shall be payable in GBP Sterling.
7.5 Except as otherwise stated in the Treatment Letter, the Charges:
(a) include therapeutic tools, assessments, toys, games, staff transportation costs; and
(b) do not include any other amounts incurred by the Client in connection with the Services including subsistence, travel, internet access fees, postage and telephone charges.
7.6 If the Client fails to pay GoCarer on the due date, GoCarer may cancel or suspend all Services until payment has been made in full. Time for payment shall be of the essence of the Contract.
8.1 This paragraph sets out the entire financial liability of GoCarer (including any liability for the acts or omissions of its employees, agents, consultants, and subcontractors) to the Client in respect of:
(a) any breach of the Contract;
(b) any use made by the Client of the Services; and
(c) any representation, statement or tortious act or omission (including negligence) arising under or in connection with the Contract.
8.2 All warranties, conditions and other terms implied by statute or common law are, to the fullest extent permitted by law, excluded from the Contract.
8.3 Nothing in these paragraphs limits or excludes the liability of GoCarer:
(a) for death or personal injury resulting from negligence; or
(b) for any damage or liability incurred by the Client as a result of fraud or fraudulent misrepresentation by GoCarer.
8.4 Subject to paragraphs 8.2 and 8.3, GoCarer's total liability in contract, tort (including negligence or breach of statutory duty), misrepresentation, restitution or otherwise arising in connection with the performance, or contemplated performance, of the Contract shall be limited to the price paid by the Client for the Services.
9.1 In all dealings between GoCarer and the Client proper standards of medical confidentiality will be maintained.
9.2 The Client undertakes to not at any time during the Contract, and for a period of five (5) years after termination of the Contract, disclose to any person any confidential information concerning the Services, nor the business, affairs, customers, clients or suppliers of GoCarer, except as may be required by law or any governmental or regulatory authority.
10.1 All Intellectual Property Rights in or arising out of or in connection with the Services (other than Intellectual Property Rights in any materials provided by the Customer) shall be owned by GoCarer. Intellectual Property Rights shall mean patents, rights to inventions, copyright and related rights, moral rights, trade marks business names and domain names, rights in get-up, goodwill and the right to sue for passing off, rights in designs, database rights, rights to use, and protect the confidentiality of, confidential information (including know-how and trade secrets), and all other intellectual property rights, in each case whether registered or unregistered which subsist or will subsist now or in the future in any part of the world.
11. CANCELLATION
11.1 Should the Client wish to cancel the Services, the Client shall pay for the Services provided by GoCarer up to and including the date of cancellation. GoCarer reserves the right to charge a cancellation fee in accordance with paragraph 6.3 if the Client cancels an appointment within 48 hours of the appointment start time.
11.2 If the Client has already paid the Charges, GoCarer will refund the Charges less payment for Services provided by GoCarer up to and including the date of cancellation. GoCarer will only pay refunds (by cheque or electronic transfer) to the cardholder or person who made the original payment.
12.1 Without prejudice to any other rights or remedies which the parties may have, either party may terminate the Contract without liability to the other immediately on giving notice to the other if:
(a) the other party fails to pay any amount due under the Contract on the due date for payment; or
(b) the other party commits a breach of any of the terms of the Contract and (if such a breach is remediable) fails to remedy that breach within 30 days of that party being notified in writing of the breach.
12.2 On termination or cancellation of the Contract for any reason:
(a) the Client shall immediately pay to GoCarer all of GoCarer's outstanding unpaid invoices and interest and, in respect of Services supplied but for which no invoice has been submitted, GoCarer may submit an invoice, which shall be payable immediately on receipt;
(b) the accrued rights and liabilities of the parties as at termination and the continuation of any provision expressly stated to survive or implicitly surviving termination, shall not be affected.
12.3 On termination or cancellation of the Contract (however arising), the following paragraphs shall survive and continue in full force and effect: 9, 10 and 11.
13. CONTACT WITH GoCarer
13.1 GoCarer can be contacted in the following ways:
(a) Phone: 0203 3898 596
(b) Text: 0203 3898 596
(c) Email: hello@gocarer.com
These are the principal methods of communication between GoCarer and the Client, and may be used to contact GoCarer about any matter relating to the provision of the Services including complaints, compliments, enquiries and feedback.
14.1 Notices and Client contact details: It is important the Client keeps GoCarer updated of any changes to its contact details.
14.2 Gifts: GoCarer staff are not permitted to accept any gifts from the Client at any time. If the Client is pleased with GoCarer staff, please provide feedback.
14.3 DBS: All GoCarer staff have completed disclosure and barring service (DBS) checks.
14.4 Client Vehicles: GoCarer staff are not permitted to drive Client vehicles.
14.5 Force Majeure: No liability shall attach to GoCarer in respect of natural disasters, riots, civil commotion, usurped power, strikes or labour disturbances or any other circumstances which are beyond the control of GoCarer at any given time.
14.6 Third Party Rights: Except for the Client or GoCarer, no person will have any rights under or in connection with these Terms.
14.7 Entire Agreement: These Terms and the Treatment Letter apply to the exclusion of all other terms and conditions contained or referred to in any acknowledgement, acceptance or other communication between the Client and GoCarer.
14.8 Governing Law: These Terms are governed by and shall be construed in accordance with English law and the courts of England and Wales shall have exclusive jurisdiction
For bookings and enquiries, Call 020 3389 8596, Email hello@gocarer.com or Message us via Enquiry Form
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"All was good. Young people did work they normally would not take part in."
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"My child really enjoys coming to the workshops, GoCarer provides a wide range of good activities that capture interests for all the children. The workshops have been really beneficial to my child as it's given them the opportunity to build confidence interacting with unfamiliar adults and develop social skills to help them work with other children of different ages. These workshops have also helped my child to feel much more relaxed after finishing school, and they're much happier."
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"My child loves your sessions so much. The space to be free to create and explore their ideas is so wonderful. A session for all children!"
"We love these sessions! It's the first time my son has asked if 'his thing' is on, and the first time ever he's been interested in coming along to something. He interacts so well with the children in the group, and it's really helped him socialise."
"Amber was great with the children. She understood the children's needs and the children enjoy and felt comfortable and confident with her. Sensory activities were enjoyed by the children."
Mulberry Cottage
Clamp Hill, Stanmore
HA7 3JQ
Email: hello@gocarer.com
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Halifax, Nova Scotia—the host city of Halifax International Security Forum's annual gathering of global security leaders—is the economic and military hub of Atlantic Canada, serving as home port to the country's largest military installation, the Atlantic fleet. With the second largest natural harbor in the world, Halifax boasts a rich maritime and immigration history.
The city served as a key naval station in the British Empire, with the Halifax Citadel a prominent legacy of this history, and later as the main entry point for European immigration to Canada. After the First World War, over one million immigrants passed through Halifax. It was also during this period that Halifax became a critical port and naval facility, protecting military convoys from German U-boat attacks. During World War II, the harbor served as a vital base for Allied warships.
Drawing on this long military heritage, Halifax and the broader Atlantic Canada region have developed a robust aerospace and defense industry. Today, the industry employs 6,000 local workers, generating approximately $600 million in revenues. Halifax also has become a center of shipbuilding in Canada. In 2011, Irving Shipbuilding's Halifax Shipyard won a $25 billion contract to build combat vessels, including frigates and destroyers to invigorate the country's shipbuilding industrial base and manufacture a fleet of vessels to protect the country's vital interest in the melting Arctic.
Both the historic Citadel and today's vibrant Halifax Shipyard reflect the significant role Halifax has played and continues to play in global security and defense—and why the city provides a fitting backdrop to the annual Halifax International Security Forum.
To learn more about Halifax, Nova Scotia, and the broader Atlantic Canada region, visit Discover Halifax.