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Tax problems in Nigeria
By mocaccountants Published On August 5, 2020
15 Business Tax Problems Small Businesses must resolve in Nigeria
By Abimbola Salami
Small businesses are privately owned corporations, partnerships, or sole proprietorships that are operated on a small scale in Nigeria. Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) are the bedrock of the Nigerian Economy as it serves as a source of employment opportunity, economic dynamism, competition and innovation thereby contributing to national growth and the reduction of poverty in the Economy. Therefore for Small and Medium enterprises to thrive there is the need to create a favourable business and regulatory environment for this to be achieved. If Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) are nurtured properly, they would grow to become the big firms that we all are looking up to, most big firms started from the root i.e. they started from the start, they all started small and they were nurtured properly to grow into the big firms they are today. The contributions of the Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) in Nigeria cannot be underrated as they take a larger percentage in the economy compared to the big ones i.e. small businesses are more than the big businesses in Nigeria. There are more than enough evidence to support the contributions which Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) have made to the economy in many developing like Nigeria but the Nigerian government tends to overlook the impact of Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) on the Economy thereby causing them to divert all the attention and focus on the large industries, and foreign investment paying little or no attention to Small and Medium Enterprises (SME). The attention of the Nigerian government has been drawn to the fact that Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) have a very good ability to transform the economy of a conducive environment is created for them to thrive through creating appropriate regulations and tax policies that would favour them and enable them to grow.
You can also read about Training and Development for Small and Medium Enterprises
In Nigeria Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) are subjected to multiple taxes by the different tiers of government, with the different rigorous process and different significant compliance cost, considering the size of their operations in the absence of harmonized tax regime which increases the strain on the cash flow and other resources which are limited in the Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) when compared to large corporations. Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) are also regulated by several government agencies thereby leading to significant regulatory compliance cost which in most cases are double charged. Though the government has made created different incentives and support facilities available to Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) in Nigeria through the creation of Special Intervention fund for Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) making it easier for the Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) to access the funds needed for them to sustain the business. The government is yet to create awareness about the fact that there is the availability of funds for the Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) to be able to thrive and compete with themselves to be able to push themselves to grow and survive in other to become a big firm that would be looked up to.
You can also read about Accessing BOI loans in Nigeria
The new National Tax Policy (NTP) has been set to establish a robust and efficient tax system which mainly focuses on the legislative amendments to reduce the tax burdens on Small and Medium Enterprises in Nigeria (SME). The National Tax Policy proposed the reduction of corporate tax rates and the introduction of tax registration thresholds as an incentive to encourage compliance and protect the Small and Medium Enterprises (SME). Even with this development taxes still appears to be a limiting factor in the growth and development of Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) in Nigeria. Businesses in Nigeria that makes profits are usually subjected to multiple taxations in their first three (3) years of commencement due to the rules for taxation on their new business thereby making it difficult for Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) to thrive within the first few years of the business thereby causing them to fold up. When money is made by Small and Medium enterprise income tax has to be paid, additional taxes that are specifically associated with small business operations are also important. All persons in Nigeria who are in employment, individuals in business, non-residents who derive income from Nigeria as well as companies who operate in Nigeria are liable to pay Tax. Some taxes are paid to the Federal government administered by the Federal Inland Revenue Service and some are payable to the state government and some are also paid to the local government which can be exorbitant for the Small and Medium Enterprises (SME).
Exemption of companies with at least 25% imported equity from minimum tax discriminatory to Nigerian owned businesses, it discourages investment and increases the risk of failure for companies and reducing the profitability of Small and Medium Enterprises (SME), a high number of Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) are not benefiting from the tax incentives adequately due to the small size of their operations.
The tax problems in Nigeria, if properly reviewed would have potential impacts to:
Reduce the ambiguity of tax laws and practice in Nigeria.
Correct unintentional errors in the drafting of tax legislation.
Reform obsolete or outdated provisions in the law.
Improve the efficiency and effectiveness of tax collection and payment
Stimulate the economy and enable Nigeria to assume a more competitive position on the global stage
Encourage investment in Nigeria
Encourage the existence and growth of Small and Medium Enterprise if properly drafted in a way that would help the small businesses to exist or thrive. Thereby encouraging the existence of Small and Medium Enterprises (SME)
The tax laws in Nigeria affecting Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) and the ways it can be solved are as follows:
The multiplicity of Taxes: This means the payment of similar taxes on the same income or being charged on the twice on the same income earned by an individual or on profits earned by a business or company. The Examples of multiple taxes Company Income Tax, Information technology Tax (NITDA Levy), Education Levy, Development Levy which is all charged on the Income and profits of Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) in Nigeria. Value Added Tax (VAT), Sales Tax and Hotel Consumption Tax are all based on the sales of a Business or Organization. Multiple taxes should be differentiated from numerous taxes and numerous taxes are likely to occur in a country like Nigeria. To address the issue of multiple and numerous taxation specific taxes should be reduced to the barest minimum and approved list of taxes should be straight forward and adhered to by all tiers of government in Nigeria.
Commencement, change of accounting date and cessation: The companies Income Tax Act (CITA) sets out the rules for the taxation of a company during commencement of business, change of Accounting dates and cessation date. These rules create unnecessary complications especially when the change of accounting dates or cessation of businesses occurs for the first three (3) years of commencement. The commencement rules often lead to double taxation in the early stage of a business which can lead to the risk of failure of a business and can lead to the folding up of Small and Medium Enterprises (SME). The commencement, change of accounting date and cessation rule should be abolished. Tax should be based on the accounting period using the preceding year basis.
Minimum Tax: Company Income Tax Act (CITA) imposes a minimum tax on companies that have no taxable income or taxable profits resulting in lower minimum tax. This means payment of tax would have to be made out of the available money and this discourages investment of Small businesses as it increases the risks of failure for companies in a period of little or no profitability. This rule should be abolished as it is difficult enough for a company not to earn any profit or income talk less of paying tax out of their pocket. This discourages individuals to start a business.
Withholding tax and sales in the ordinary course of business: Based on the tax laws implemented, withholding taxes is not applicable on sales in the ordinary course of business but there is no definition of the ordinary course of business. Circulars issued by the Federal Inland Revenue have not helped define what an ordinary course of business is. This phrase should be defined to ensure easy and proper application so that incomes of small business would not be overcharged.
Personal reliefs and Allowances: The personal income tax act (PITA) provides for several tax reliefs and allowances. Allowances and reliefs should be reasonable in line with current reality, allowances should be a percentage of earnings rather than an absolute amount which has the risk of becoming low with time due to inflation and slow reviews and amendments to tax laws in Nigeria.
Tax Clearance certificate: Taxpayers are required to obtain a tax clearance certificate annually which is often needed to conduct business transactions. Tax officials mostly use this tool to harass taxpayers by ringing up issues outside the period covered or not in correlation with the provisions of the law regarding tax clearance certificate. Tax clearance certificate should be issued automatically within two weeks of every new calendar year provided the taxpayer has no outstanding tax liability on the last day of the previous year of assessment.
Interest and penalty for tax default: A lot of tax laws in Nigeria requires a penalty to be calculated every year using a base or commercial lending rate. However, there is no guideline regarding what the base lending or commercial interest rate should be whether single or compound. There is no standard practice regarding when the effective dates interest should begin especially where an assessment is under objection. All these issues should be addressed accordingly.
VAT and withholding tax point of payment: This is a challenge where an entity supplies goods that are vat able on credit with payment due after the due date for filing and payment of VAT. Businesses without free cash flow will inevitably default in VAT payment unless funds are borrowed to pay it. Payment of VAT should be on cash not on accrual basis except in instances where the transaction will not be settled in cash. The same issue and possible solution apply to withholding tax.
Certificate of acceptance: Company Income Tax Act (CITA) requires a certificate of acceptance to be obtained for assets addition from the Ministry of Industry for capital allowance purposes. There is no relevance of this as it creates unnecessary stress without adding value. The need for the collection of this certificate should be abolished.
Tax awareness and communication: it is difficult to obtain the necessary information required for tax compliance purposes even for businesses or organizations willing to comply without being forced. Tax laws, guidelines, forms, information circulars, regulations, treaties should be easily accessible to the public and freely acceptable on the internet such as the website of the Joint Tax Board, Federal and State Tax authorities.
Stamp Duty: This Act is very ambiguous to apply as a given transaction could fall under more than more category with different rates. The level of revenue generated from stamp duty should be able to be accessed by the Government and if it is not generating the expected revenue it should be abolished. Taxpayers should not be forced to pay stamp duties to states where the payment is legally due to the federal government in the case involving the transfer of land involving a company.
Introduction of new taxes: Different taxes are sometimes introduced in an incomplete manner different to the new National Tax Policy. There should be a mechanism to pass all the proposed tax laws through a central body such as the joint Tax Board in addition to the existing procedures in place to ensure arbitrary tax laws are disconnected with the overall policy directed which are not introduced.
Investment Allowance: Any expenditure on plant and equipment entitles the owner to an investment allowance. However, the tax authorities often face challenges on whether to classify office equipment into this category. Since the equipment is not qualified in the Company Income Tax Act and there is no appropriate classification, office equipment should be allowed to enjoy investment allowance. The law should be amended if it is not what they have the mind to do.
Ruling Practice: It is most difficult and slow to obtain a ruling form from tax authorities, this makes voluntary compliance difficult for willing taxpayers. If a request for a ruling is not replied by the tax authorities within a specified period at least 60 days then the treatment of the situation under analysis as proposed by the taxpayer should be considered as approved.
Tax refunds: Though, there are specific provisions in the tax laws especially under section 23 of the Federal Inland Revenue Service Establishment Act 2007 for tax refunds that is yet to be fully functional. There should be appropriate funds allocated or retained out of tax collection to cater for tax refunds at the federal and states levels. The FIRS Act requires the tax authorities to pay a tax payer's refund claim within 90days of the application subject to appropriate audit. These audits are usually slow and time consuming sometimes running into several years. Fairness and equity require that cash refunds be made promptly to deserving taxpayers. Failure to pay a refund within the stipulated timeframe should attract commercial interest.
In an attempt to tackle this, some stakeholders have suggested the need for special and preferential tax regimes for Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) in the view of the difficulties in raising finance for these enterprises, unfavourable tax systems and the high cost of tax and regulatory compliance. Tax policies should be designed in a way that would not affect the Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) but also help them to grow and survive which can be achieved by the provision of Finance for Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) and also encourage the implementation of exemptions from business tax for financial institutions that provides guarantee for a loan to Small and Mediums Enterprises (SME). Policies can also be implemented to ensure that businesses which are not in the formal sector have access to finances and tax incentives, business owners can see the benefits of moving from an informal sector to a formal sector. Adequate efforts must be channelled towards addressing the specific needs of Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) in the area of tax policies in other to help them survive and achieve their aims and objectives.
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Dr. Martha MacDonald, professor in the Sobey School of Business Department of Economics, is part of a cross-jurisdictional and multi-disciplinary team studying home care that has been awarded more than $860,000 from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). The project lead, Dr. Janice Keefe, is located at Mount Saint Vincent University.
Below you will find the media release from MSVU.
Halifax, NS – February X, 2018 – A team from Nova Scotia and Manitoba was recently awarded more than $860,000 from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) for a new research project that will seek to better understand the experiences of older adult home care clients with chronic and long term conditions through the home care system. The aim of the four-year project, titled "How approaches to care shape the pathways of older adult home care clients," is to better understand how policy, practice and decision-making shape a client's journey through the home care system.
The project is under the direction of Dr. Janice Keefe, Mount Saint Vincent University, in partnership with the Nova Scotia Health Authority, University of Manitoba, Dalhousie University, Saint Mary's University, Winnipeg Regional Health Authority and other policy and practice stakeholders such as: Northwood, Nova Scotia Department of Health & Wellness, Manitoba Caregiver Coalition, Caregivers Nova Scotia, Canadian Home Care Association and Health Canada.
Across Canada, increasing emphasis is being placed on supporting older adults to live at home for as long as possible. Differences in how home support is delivered may mean that client and caregiver experiences through the home care system may differ depending on where one lives. The study will explore how the individual experience of clients and their caregivers is shaped by different models of care. Presently, there is a need for cross-jurisdictional knowledge on home care models for older adult clients and this study will help to fill that gap.
Using mixed methods, this cross-jurisdictional study will identify, specify and characterize types of pathways, and analyze the factors that shape them. Activities will take place in Nova Scotia (NS) and Manitoba (MB), through three interrelated and overlapping research streams. Retrospective data analysis, interviews with clients, caregivers and workers and an analysis of key policies will provide our multi-disciplinary team with rich data and important context," said Dr. Michelle Lobchuk, Manitoba Site Lead, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba.
Study outcomes will be used to project home care utilization, inform strategic planning and decision making, and support changes in care practice. NS and MB have distinct geographic and cultural compositions, but similarities in terms of population and rural-urban issues. Both are experiencing population aging and increased demand for home care services.
The project includes an established interdisciplinary team with several of Canada's leading experts in home care and caregiving research. Service providers and senior level administrators of Health Authorities and Provincial Ministries are actively engaged in the research. Voices of home care users and caregivers are included through representation of caregiver groups.
This project is funded by the Canadian Institutes for Health Research. The project starts April 2018.


Senate vote counts, no matter how good the source, are unreliable. At least that's true when it comes to high profile issues like the Bolton nomination and the judicial filibusters. Moderate Sentors can tie themselves in knots over these kinds of matters, and that's not even taking into account the lure of a Washington Post or New York Times puff piece.
If true, this means that the Republicans have at least 50 and maybe as many as 52 votes. In other words, they win.
However, this assumes that Warner and Specter, as to whom there has been uncertainty, are committed to voting with their party (and, of course, that there are no other defections). I'm told that Warner and Specter are committed. As I said, though, no matter how reliable this information is, we cannot discount the unexpected.
UPDATE: I should add that with only 50 Senators in the "yes" column, and some of them unpredictable, one should not rule out the possibility of a deal, as bad an idea as that is.


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New Zealand to Ask International Travellers to Show Negative COVID-19 Results
WELLINGTON, Jan. 12 (CNA) - New Zealand will ask international travellers from most countries to show negative COVID-19 test results before boarding flights to the country as new contagious variants of COVID-19 spread across globally.
"Given the high rates of infection in many countries and evidence of the global spread of more transmissible variants, it's clear that most global air routes will be of critical concern for the foreseeable future," COVID-19 Response Minister Chris Hipkins said in a statement.
Hipkins said the pre-departure test requirement would soon expand to all countries and territories excluding Australia, Antarctica and some Pacific Island nations.
Travellers would still have to complete the 14-day mandatory quarantine and undergo testing upon arrival in New Zealand.
Border closure and a strict national lockdown during the initial phase of the pandemic has helped New Zealand keep numbers relatively low, with just more than 1,800 confirmed cases and 25 deaths since the pandemic began.
The country last reported a local case nearly two months ago.
Critics have said the government has been taking the new COVID-19 variants too lightly and calls have grown for urgently extending pre-departure testing and accelerate the roll out of vaccines.
The government said it had secured enough vaccines to inoculate all of the country's 5 million people, with agreements signed with pharmaceutical companies AstraZeneca and Novavax.
It plans to inoculate border workers only by the end of March and the general public by mid-year.
"New Zealand has fallen behind the rest of the world with its vaccine programme and the government needs to explain why," opposition National Party leader Judith Collins said in a statement this week.
"Kiwis are rightly asking why Australia has plans to vaccinate four million people by the end of March while New Zealand won't start vaccinating the general public until at least July."
Australia brought forward its vaccine roll-out two weeks to early March.
"When we start is less important than when we finish it," Hipkins said at a news conference, adding New Zealand's success in containing gives it time to roll out vaccines.

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Watercooler Journal
Not your clunky office hydration supply.
Yesterday's Journal
Our Abstract
Cult Innovation
1 July 2011 CultThe Watercooler Admin
In 2011 some of the highest rated programs included reality shows like American Idol, Biggest Loser, Survivor and Dancing with the Stars. Other top rated shows include CSI, Law & Order and NCIS spinoffs. Finally, rounding out the top watched shows of the 2010-2011 television season are the sitcoms Two and Half Men and Mike and Molly, topped off with Hawaii Five-O, a remake of the popular 1970s franchise (Seidman).
Looking at some of these titles there appears to be nothing new and exciting. If it is not the same old procedural police drama or celebrities embarrassing themselves on television, then it appears as if the networks will not air it. It is nothing new or controversial to say reality TV has taken over the channels of mainstream television. The world of mainstream television is bland, boring, and, most offensively, predictable.
Does exciting, innovative original programming even exist? If so, what is quality television? It is oftentimes defined as cult television. Some of the best television ever created is cult television. Even though cult television shows lack the strength to hold out in the ratings race, cult television is quality television and is composed of textual thickness because it is innovative, smart, and deals with controversial subject matters. The basis of cult television rests in the hands of the fans who are now able to incorporate these cult texts into their lives through new technologies. Thus a band of dedicated and loyal fans are created worldwide.
To define cult television is a tricky path. It is not necessarily about defining a genre as much as what it provokes from its audience through intellectual narrative. "…a show's 'textual thickness' and its 'endlessly interpretable text', attributes often seen as characteristic of quality" (McCabe 32). Cult television is not one specific genre and does not encompass a defining characteristic. It can be any numerous genre like comedy, science fiction, crime, drama, and horror. It can include any of the following ideals: being offbeat, being edgy, draws a niche audience, has a nostalgic appeal, or be considered symbolic of a particular subculture (Abbott 1 9 ).
In essence this is the definition of cult television: There is no single quality that characterizes a cult text; rather, cult texts are defined through a process in which shows are positioned in opposition to the mainstream, a classification that is no more coherent as an object than the cult and is also a product of the same process of distinction that creates the opposed couplet mainstream/cult. (Abbott 8 )
In essence cult television attracts a cult. Cult television writer Jane Espenson sums up perfectly how to create a cult TV show. "Don't stuff a cookie in their mouth. Make them walk across the room for it. Make them look under the rug for it. Them might even have to lift a floorboard. When they do that, they're a cult" (45). Innovation, controversy, and fans are the perfect ingredients for making quality television or cult television. Since cult television spans over so many genres and definitions it is only appropriate to use multiple television shows to represent these three qualities. For the purpose of this text television shows such as Twin Peaks, My So-Called Life, and Doctor Who will be used to exhibit these qualities respectively.
Cult television in recent years is known for its high production quality. "… a sense of visual style created through careful, even innovative, camerawork and editing… aural style created through the judicious use of appropriate, even original music" (McCabe 50). A prime example of visual innovation in cult television is David Lynch's small screen masterpiece, Twin Peaks. Lynch, a notable film director, co-created the series with Mark Frost. The story centers around the mystery of murdered high school girl, Laura Palmer. The show started with strong ratings, but soon declined and the program was canceled after the second season.
Twin Peaks was highly stylized visually. An example of this is seen in Agent Dale Cooper's detective techniques in investigating a murder through the reflection in a videotape eye (Abbott 34). The show changed television in ways of visual storytelling and offered high-profile exposure to independent directors. "Once more, the visual elements of these series are particularly dense with meaning, and makers can build the potential for self-reference over the years…" (36).
Along with visual innovation, cult television also promises to be unconventional with storytelling techniques. Viewers of cult television want playfulness and cult television welcomes just that. " [writers] have been able to provide attentive viewers with the pleasures of foreshadowing as well as long-term character growth…it has allowed richer development of both character and narrative" (37).
In narrative theory, the narrative structure has a tendency to fall into predictable patterns or formulas. Mainstream television craves formulas and conventions that viewers will recognize with the purpose that it will attract them each week and keep them watching (O'Donnell 70). "Formulas that were successful in previous shows are repeated in new shows…It is impossible to separate art from the business of television" (77). Mainstream television will continue to spew forth the same thing over and over again as long as it attracts viewers. In terms of cult television it will push the boundaries of "narrative elasticity" (Abbott 89 ).
In the case of Twin Peaks a new genre was created: soap noir (Abbott 29). One part mystery, detective thriller combined with elements similar to those seen in soap operas. "Their soap model prioritizes knowledge that isn't neutrally produced by deductive reasoning, but that which is derived from emotional involvement and personal experience" (29). This detective series with hints of melodrama paved the way for shows like The X-Files and Northern Exposure in terms of strangeness and bold storytelling.
Secondly, mainstream television will always be afraid to take chances. Its goal is to create the least offensive programming to keep those viewers happy and returning to the series week after week. A cult audience is more willing to embrace challenging topics. Cult television allows for genre blending which is the perfect vehicle to launch into controversial topics. Shows including Soap, The X-Files, The Wire, Dexter, and even I Love Lucy all have dealt with controversial topics and have pushed the envelope on where its boundaries lie. In the case of I Love Lucy, it was the first show to feature an interracial couple, a pregnancy, and a dissatisfied housewife (McCabe 102).
One way to gain cult status is to debut as something that must or should be canceled because of risky content only to be picked up and loved unexpectedly by fans. A prime example of this is seen in the television drama My So-Called Life. A television show that rested solely on the narrative of a confused teenage girl. "…the overlap between cult and some 'quality' television, its audience may be more willing to embrace challenging representation as part of contemporary television drama" (105).
My So-Called Life dealt with numerous intense issues that made prime-time viewers in the mid 90s very uncomfortable. Issues dealt with on the show included homophobia, child abuse, adultery, divorce, drug use, teenage alcoholism, and school violence (Abbott 81). All of this was part of a continuing story line that attempted to depict the realism of teenage life through the theme of meaningless, which so many teenagers can relate to.
Before My So-Called Life broke boundaries for teen drama, shows depicted high school life as fun and full of jokes. Shows such as Saved By the Bell come to mind first (101). "My So-Called Life has an arguable cult status while existing in an ordinary (but very specific world- but one that occurs frequently)" (McCabe 105). The show was also the first of its kind to feature a main character who was homosexual and of mixed race. Rickie Vasquez, 15, becomes friends with Angela (the principle character) and the viewer gets to experience his emotional, controversial story line.
Ricky was raised by his uncle who abuses him. During the course of the first, and only, season Rickie is kicked out his uncle's house. His English teacher, Richard Katimski, who is also gay fosters him. Mr. Katimski ends up becoming a mentor to Rickie (Abbott 85 ).
Finally, one of the biggest attributes of cult television is its ability to attract a strong, dedicated audience. Small the audience might be, at least small enough to not make the ratings cut, it is a mighty, determined group. Cult television strives more dedication from its audience than any other genre or category of television. "'Cult' suggests something that is outside of the mainstream, an organized group of abnormal rebels chafing against the norm, and invariably has a religious connotation, one that suggests a certain prescribed ritual, a degree of ceremony, and a process of initiation" (McCabe 12).
As the medium of television develops, its audience is also growing and changing along with it. Since the dawn of television, with each new decade we have seen television develop and invent. Generations before have seen the invention of color television, cable television, and the VCR. For this generation television has invented itself over the internet. This collision of two of the most used technologies around the world has fans everywhere becoming more involved with shows and interacting more with other fans.
One phenomenon taking shape on the internet through the cult television audience is fan fiction. "Fan fiction writing operates as a means of fan activity which allows the individual to explore his or her own interpretations…" (Hansen 333). Fan fiction allows the audience to manipulate the plot and characters of the text in ways that are pleasing to them. "Fan fiction is often a way we comment on the shows and films that they relate to express our dissent from particular directions that they took" (333). This postmodern form of fan interaction is just another way a television show can garner a cult audience.
Before we take a look at some of the examples of fan interactions through the hit BBC show Doctor Who, we must explore the theory of postmodernism and how it relates to television.
Postmodernism is a term that not only can be used to describe art, architecture, and fashion, but it can be used to describe television. Postmodernism suggests that culture has been changed due in part to developments in technology. It is a controversial term that has been debated for some time now. People argue whether if it is as important as so many writers suggest it is. Now in the 21st century we have seen rapid developments in our technology. Cell phones, cameras, television, computers, and the Internet have all changed dramatically in only the past few years. "These emerging systems of communication have created virtual communities, new identities and interactions, and new vocabulary…postmodern theorists believe that the inundation of new technologies has influenced a postmodern society" (O'Donnell 183). Take for example the weblog or simply blog. Everyone has one and they are basically a personal narrative that people share over the internet with other people they will probably never meet in real life.
One trait of postmodern television includes mixing genres. Hybrid genres such as docudrama and dramedy are the result of postmodernism. These genres have become common in television. Another trait is intertextuality. "…references to other texts, genres, discourses, themes, or other media…it is the interconnection of meanings across different media texts as well as connections between meanings" (O'Donnell 186). Words such as ephemeral, ambiguity, irony, and intertextuality have been used to describe postmodernism. These intertextual references allow the audience to play with their television. It gives the audience pleasure to recognize references in television shows. Some people when watch television take it for face value, while others will analyze characterization, narrative, and intertextuality to get more enjoyment from the program. "[Postmodernism] creates an opportunity for play between and among different texts. This has the potential to give the viewer pleasure…and allows the viewer to negotiate or construct various meanings" (187).
Basically, at the core of postmodernism is nonlinear, playfulness combined with several other forms. The way in which we watch television has changed according to the changes in technology. We use technology more frequently and communicate more with each other. "Not only is postmodernism in television programs, but is also manifests itself in the way viewers watch television…" (O'Donnell 195)
You cannot come across a television program more postmodern than Doctor Who. A major hit for the BBC in the United Kingdom, the program began in 1963 and continued on for twenty-six years until its cancelation in 1989 but was resurrected in 2005 (Hansen 239). The show garners the largest cult fan base that spans over the internet littering it with fan videos, blogs, fan fiction, fan magazines, and fan sites. The Internet has created a global forum for narrative exploration. Anyone can contribute, create, view, or comment on fan generated works. (249)
One of the largest and most active online communities for Doctor Who was www.gallifreyone.com. It attracted viewers from all across the United Kingdom, Canada, United States, and Australia. Members can range in age from teens to people in their fifties. However since 2009, the website has decided to cater information relatable to their yearly North American science fiction convention. This convention, which mainly concentrates on Doctor Who, attracts more than 2,000 attendees. Before the website changed direction it still had some mighty impressive statistics.
"When Doctor Who was relaunched in 2005, a large proportion of the members (82%) were posting frequently, regularly, or occasionally. This is high in comparison with other discussion sites across the Internet, but the proportion has fallen considerably (to 38% in 2008 when membership had more than doubled)" (Hansen 212).
In terms of Doctor Who fan fiction it provides a way for fans to express their creative freedoms using plot and character. A visit to the ever popular www.fanfiction.net allows you to experience how diehard the program's fan truly are. On the website there exists 26, 525 works of Doctor Who fan fiction, quite a few of them expanding on twenty plus chapters ("Doctor Who Stories"). "…much fan fiction is execrably bad. Quite a lot is not, and the community of interest and dedication…that produces the best and the worst is one to which it is stimulating to belong " (Abbott 247). Cult programming will continue to change as technology progresses and will continue to experiment with the changing technology.
The goal of television is escapism. People want to watch what content that takes them away from their day and makes them happy. For some viewers, they attain that through boring sitcoms and reality television. However, there are some television fans that do not. Television should not always be afraid to take chances and let a new concept sit with viewers first. It is understandable that television exists to create revenue, and that is the heart of it. Although, sometimes it does feel as if television would sell its integrity to make a quick buck.
Television is currently experiencing a renaissance of sorts and starting to show signs that it is not a vast wasteland. New and exciting programming has begun to garner attention through the Internet and mobile television. Television artists should always aim to create something that makes people think, and not dumb it down for the audience. People want to be challenged. People crave to think outside the box.
Abbott, Stacey, ed. The Cult TV Book: From Star Trek to Dexter, New Approaches to TV Outside the Box. New York: Soft Skull, 2010. Print.
"Doctor Who Stories." Unleash Your Imagination – FanFiction.Net. Xing Li, 11 May 2011. Web. 11 May 2011. <http:// www.fanfiction.net/>.
Gwenllian-Jones, Sara, and Roberta E. Pearson, eds. Cult Television. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 2004. Print.
Hansen, Christopher J., ed. Ruminations, Peregrinations, and Regenerations: A Critical Approach to Doctor Who. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars, 2010. Print.
McCabe, Janet, and Kim Akass, eds. Quality TV: Contemporary American Television and Beyond. London: I.B. Tauris, 2007. Print.
O'Donnell, Victoria. Television Criticism. Los Angeles: Sage Publications, 2007. Print.
Seidman, Robert. "TV Ratings Broadcast Top 25: 'American Idol,' 'The Voice,' 'Modern Family,' 'Dancing with the Stars,' 'NCIS' Top Week 33 Viewing." TV Ratings, TV Nielsen Ratings, Television Show Ratings | TVbytheNumbers.com. Tribune Company, 10 May 2011. Web. 11 May 2011.
<http:// tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/>.
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1 thought on "Cult Innovation"
Georgina Edwards says:
*Mon Critical
A very great article! I agree that in the U.S. mainstream cult t.v. shows are hard to come by, and when I compare to what shows are shown on the big networks like ABC, NBC or CBS with the BBC content I grew up with, I find it strange that the U.S. networks are still not willing to step of their 'broadcast comfort zone' and put out innovative, smart shows. Serious views and casual viewers I think play a big role in making a cult show, if you care about the characters then you'll be dedicated to the show, where as if you're casually viewing you're less likely to want to write fan fiction.


On a shoestring, a small integrated hardware and software company based in Nairobi, Kenya is succeeding where giant technology companies have failed. It is connecting Africa to the internet. CEO Erik Hersman and his co-founders at BRCK are proving that a combination of visionary technology and socially designed solutions are more likely to bring connectivity to the frontier markets of Africa than all the money in the world.
The company's ambitious goal is making it possible for everyone, even in remote rural villages, to participate in the opportunities connectivity provides. So it created a rugged, self-powered, mobile Wi-Fi device that connects people and things to the internet in areas with poor infrastructure. It's a tough and versatile wireless modem and router about the size of the familiar building material for which it and the company are named.
To create the BRCK device, Hersman and his team worked from the bottom up, based on an urgent and specific need—overcoming unreliable connectivity and the conditions that cause electronics to fail, like too much heat or dust. Taking such a bottom-up, needs-based approach is a key principle of social design. It flies in the face of the approach of tech giants. They typically develop new products in special innovation labs insulated inside large institutions and then market them, at great expense, to convince users they need them.
The BRCK device was first developed four years ago. It is battery-powered; it can be charged with anything from a solar panel to a car battery; and it can withstand power spikes of up to 400 volts. It connects to the internet via cellular network, Ethernet cable, or Wi-Fi network. It also has a built-in global SIM card, its own Wi-Fi network that can accommodate twenty devices concurrently, and because it is open-source it can connect other devices. All those features were developed based on the company's intimate, on-the-ground knowledge of the community and marketplace.
Now the company is addressing another big problem. After shipping the BRCK to more than 50 countries, Hersman and his colleagues conducted man-on-the-street interviews and user experience research in Kenya. It convinced them they had solved only the accessibility half of the connectivity equation. The greater obstacle to regular internet access for most Africans was that it was too expensive.
A4AI, the Alliance for Affordable Internet, has found that the average price for 1GB of prepaid mobile broadband, as a percentage of average per capita gross national income, was 17.49% in Africa, as opposed to only 0.84% in North America. As a consequence, in most of Africa only about 20% of smartphone owners can consistently afford to pay for the internet it requires.
Other companies aiming to tackle the affordability problem were all taking a familiar tack: reducing the price for subscription Wi-Fi. In Hersman's view, that strategy could profitably capture only about an additional 10% of the market, leaving 70% of the smartphone-owning population still unable to afford regular internet access.
By framing the challenge concretely—another principle of social design, which paradoxically provokes greater creativity than "blank sheet of paper" approaches—the company created a new breed of BRCK, special software to run on it, and a new business model that circumvents pricey subscriptions.
SupaBRCK is not only a router/modem but is also a rugged mini data center capable of hosting content. It provides internet at LTE speeds to up to 100 devices at a time, while its dual core processor and five-terabyte hard drive streams cached content such as textbooks, music, and instructional videos. It runs on software called Moja, the Swahili word for "one," which is meant to convey what the company calls "internet for everyone." Businesses pay BRCK for presence on the Moja platform in the form of apps that can be downloaded, surveys, or caching of their content. That enables the company to make much of the content available to users for free.
The company has deployed more than 1,500 SupaBRCKs on buses and minibuses in Kenya and Rwanda, where passengers can access the content and get online at no charge, and has started testing in Mexico. This strategy embodies another key principle of social design: use the scarce resources at hand, free from the constraints of established models—in this case, the centralized networks the rest of the world uses. And BRCK's ingeniously dispersed network is faster, cheaper, and more resilient than a centralized model dependent on unreliable infrastructure.
With a proven technology, market fit, a growing user base, and a viable business model, the company is now aiming to scale dramatically. It has rugged hardware and a problem-solving approach rooted in social design. Its success provides a model for virtually any place in the world where seemingly insurmountable challenges prevent penetration by technology.
Cheryl Heller is founding chair of the MFA program in Design for Social Innovation at the School of Visual Arts in New York, and president of design lab CommonWise. She is also the author of The Intergalactic Design Guide: Harnessing the Creative Potential of Social Design.


Thousands of apps are getting published, each and everyday, and what matters is to obtain the highest visibility and to achieve the highest ratings possible. The key strategy for Android app development remains as the optimization of the quality of the apps.
A higher quality Android apps will lead to a higher user rating with better rankings, downloads and higher retention. The chances for the high quality Android apps are easily publicized on the Google Play store. In fact, the quality of the apps must be brought under consideration, both before and after launching the product. Regaining the lost users after a poor quality app is launched is difficult and costly. On the other hand the maintenance of a high quality app is relatively easy.
There are not much difference with applications for sharing locations. What needs to be done is the combination with Google API, so that the user's location data is collected.
The importance of the function lies with the Android app developers that it is used for describing views on the screen, running 60 frames per second. The ANR (Application Not Responding ) dialogs is returned when there is a reduction in frame rates, with slower functions.
There is a simple conversion of simple types into objects such as turning double to Double, int to Integer and many more. There is an opposite process called unboxing that is possible, by which simple types and objects are build mutually, without extra code or typecasting.
The addition of strings to other strings happens with concatenation, but the task usually takes 10-15 seconds, due to waste collection. The same time gets reduced to mere 4 to 5 seconds, when StringBuilder is used. This has it own impact on the Android mobile app performance. When one tries to change the value of the string, then an altogether new string is created.
Sometimes, the application is said to be in agreement with other Android versions and the bottlenecks at the the time of running the Android apps are identified, with the Reflection. It basically allows to invoke the methods, field's access and the object's structure, at run time.
The power consumed by the Android apps is minimized with adaptability to current power conditions and carrying out power-hungry tasks at proper intervals.
Work is dispatched to multiple threads and the improvement is brought to the scalability and the performance of the long-running tasks.
Improvement in the UI responsiveness happens for identification of problems related to Android app's layout performance.
The Android App Developers must efficiently use Java Native Interface with Android Native Development Kit (NDK).
Appinventiv, is a India based mobile app development company, that has registered fast growth, in comparison with its competitors. It offers innovative solutions for its clients, not only for the Android devices, but also for the upcoming, wearable, IoT and iOS segments.


Emmanuel Macron has ordered the closure of four organizations accused by officials of promoting jihad and anti-Semitism. Earlier, the French president pledged to fight an unprecedented surge of anti-Semitism in the country.
The move comes at the request of Interior Minister Christophe Castaner, who said the groups "foment hatred, call for discrimination and justify violence," and must be closed.
The ministry separately said the groups advocated armed jihad and indoctrinating young people. They also promoted organizations like Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad and Hezbollah – all listed as terrorist organizations by the EU, the ministry stressed.
French government spokesman Benjamin Griveaux labeled the groups as "openly anti-Semitic and dangerous associations" during a cabinet meeting on Wednesday.


text:
Rebuilding a Good Jobs Economy
In this deep economic crisis, we have an opportunity to set the bar higher. Let's not just stimulate the economy; let's rebuild it with good jobs.
By Annette Bernhardt and Christine Owens
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act has finally been signed into law, and a full menu of implementation work is on the table. Even this milestone achievement, however, won't be enough to support the full agenda for working families. Jump-starting our economy is critical, but this alone will not solve the deep crisis of inequality that has been building in this country for decades.
Long before this recession set in, working families were already struggling to survive in a brave new world of stagnant wages, disappearing benefits and little job security. Government has retreated from intervention in all things economic, and it's our workers who bear the costs. Americans are more productive than ever, but a shrinking share of corporate profits is going to their wages. They are working harder and for longer hours, but their upward mobility is stunted.
And every day, millions of workers clean our hotel rooms, serve our food, ring up our sales, care for our grandparents and in general keep our economy running–but for low wages, anemic benefits and a dead-end career. In fact, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, eight of the top ten occupations projected to generate the most jobs by 2016 are low-wage jobs in the service sector.
This is the biggest unspoken challenge for our recovery: low-wage jobs have become a key growth engine of our economy. Policies focused only on job growth will simply put us back on the path toward greater inequality. If we truly want to rebuild a good jobs economy–to "create jobs that sustain families and sustain dreams," as President Obama recently put it–we have to act now to lay down the institutional and regulatory framework.
So what are the opportunities to forge a new social contract surrounding work? How can we craft a recovery strategy that seizes opportunities for fundamental reform, even as we struggle to bring the country out of recession?
One way to answer the question is to think about the tools and points of leverage the government has available to increase the number of good jobs in our economy. Here are four concrete strategies that are both low-cost and put more money into the pockets of low-income families.
First, we need to fully enforce minimum-wage and overtime laws, because growing numbers of employers are ignoring even the most basic of these laws and retaliate against workers for reporting violations. In October, for example, a federal judge ordered the Saigon Grill in New York City to pay its delivery workers a full $4.6 million in owed wages. And in December Wal-Mart announced it would settle sixty-three cases in forty-two states charging unpaid wages, totaling at least $352 million and involving hundreds of thousands of current and former workers.
Rebuilding our economy on the back of illegal working conditions is not only morally untenable, it's not smart policy: these practices hurt workers and responsible employers alike and cost billions of dollars in tax revenues.
Simply put, the Department of Labor must return to its core mission of safeguarding workplace standards. That means increasing the number of inspectors (there are fewer inspectors now than thirty years ago, while the number of workplaces has doubled). It also means smart enforcement, targeting industries with high rates of violations, protecting workers who file complaints and cracking down on employers who misclassify their employees as independent contractors.
A second area ripe for action is to harness government spending to create living-wage jobs. Every year, our government spends $400 billion on contracts with a wide range of companies for goods and services, financing more than 2 million jobs. But significant numbers of these jobs are low wage and provide no benefits, in industries such as utilities and housekeeping, property maintenance and repair, clothing and apparel, and food preparation.
Federal contracts should favor employers that pay living wages, provide health benefits, offer quality training and obey labor laws. The same principle should be applied to government-funded programs that directly or indirectly support low-wage industries, like home healthcare workers paid under Medicaid (who currently earn about $20,000 a year). Adopting these reforms requires no new legislation and can be done under existing contracting guidelines.
Third on the list is raising the federal minimum wage, one of the best tools we have to lift millions of families out of poverty–and to stimulate growth. A recent study by the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago found that an increase in the minimum wage boosts consumer spending more than tax cuts, as families spend their paychecks in local businesses. But Washington has neglected the minimum wage for decades. The increase in 2007 was long overdue but was only a down payment on making up for forty years of sporadic action.
What's needed is an increase in the federal minimum wage, starting next year and phasing in over multiple years to make up the lost ground. Thereafter, we must ensure that the minimum wage increases annually; otherwise, low-wage workers will always be taking one step forward and two steps back. At the same time, we must close unfair loopholes that exclude some occupations from full minimum-wage protection and disproportionately impact women, immigrants and people of color.
Finally, the president and Congress should enact the Employee Free Choice Act to guarantee that workers have access to a union selection process that is fair and free of intimidation and abuse. It was the right to organize that transformed manufacturing into a middle-class industry after World War II; today it is doing the same for low-wage workers such as janitors, childcare workers, homecare workers and hotel room cleaners.
Continuing on the path of rising inequality is not inevitable. On the heels of the Great Depression, our country put into place the core policy anchors–the Fair Labor Standards Act, the Social Security Act and the National Labor Relations Act–that formed the basis for several decades of strong economic growth and shared prosperity. We now face another deep economic crisis, and another opportunity to set the bar higher. Let's not just stimulate the economy; let's rebuild it with good jobs.
Annette BernhardtAnnette Bernhardt co-directed the Economic Justice Project at New York University's Brennan Center for Justice, which merged with NELP in 2008. She coordinates NELP's policy analysis and research support for campaigns around living wage jobs, immigrant worker rights and accountable development. A leading scholar of low-wage work, she has helped develop and analyze innovative policy responses to the changing nature of work in the United States. She has published widely in journals such as the American Journal of Sociology, the American Sociological Review, and the Journal of Labor Economics, among others. She received Princeton University's Richard A. Lester Prize for the Outstanding Book in Labor Economics and Industrial Relations and Cornell University's Center for the Study of Inequality Distinguished Book Award, among others
Christine OwensChristine Owens is executive director of the National Employment Law Project.


Silk orchid flowers – arrangements are the perfect decoration for any occasion, especially for a celebration like a wedding. With their natural beauty floral arrangements can attract peoples' attention and make every room beautiful.
The composition of flowers, decorative sheets, decorative baskets and ancillary elements constitute a unique and authentic artistic image. Even the smallest room in the world, with nice details and appropriate decoration can seem magical.
For classic or traditional wedding, white silk orchid flowers look great and a bouquet made of orchids is looks elegant and fits the occasion.
For a youthful and uniquely decorated tables and chairs for guests combine different colors of orchids with lilies, chrysanthemums and kale, and decorate them with silver satin ribbon.
p>Enjoying silk orchids – orchids are one of the world's most unique flowers and they offer a sense of serenity, peace, and beauty wherever they are displayed – like silk orchids do.
When you start shopping for different types of orchids you'll find that you can either buy artificial or real. Considering that many people find it difficult to take care of an orchid, opting for artificial will always be your best bet.
From the gorgeous white petals on the Cymbidium Orchid to the vibrant colors you'll find with a Cattelva Orchid, there are a variety of options for you to choose from.
One of the main reasons as to why more people are becoming interested in enjoying silk orchids is because they are always in season. You won't have to worry about trying to visit a local greenhouse only to find that they don't have any orchids available because of the weather.
Instead, you'll be able to browse through dozens of beautiful silk arrangements that are readily available. It can be the perfect opportunity to buy someone his or her favorite flower without having to be disappointed by a florist.
When you decide to buy a real orchid there will be maintenance involved such as replanting it or making sure that it gets enough water and sunlight.
Opting for artificial silk arrangements are perfect for people that aren't born with a green thumb or that simply don't have the time to take care of a plant. If your friend is someone who travels frequently, you can buy them the artificial orchids for their home and it will always be blossoming when they return. The only type of care that an artificial silk arrangement will need is dusting throughout the years.
You won't be compromising when you choose an artificial Cymbidium silk flower arrangement because all of the orchids are constructed by using high quality silk.
This specialty material helps to add a realistic and lifelike appeal that emulates the exact beauty of a real orchid. In fact, you'll find that people will be reaching out to touch the petals because it looks so real. Depending on the arrangement you choose, you can also receive a decorative vase that helps to add to the aesthetic appeal of the arrangement.
With dozens of options from silk orchid arrangement to choose from in a wide variety of colors, artificial orchids are a beautiful addition to any home. Whether you're buying a gift or need to add life to your dining room, they add an extra ounce of appeal that you wouldn't be able to find elsewhere.


text:
package Controller;

/**
 * Created by juan on 08/05/18.
 */
public class Token {
    private boolean active;

    public boolean isActive() {
        return active;
    }

    public void setActive(boolean active) {
        this.active = active;
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Digimon Story: Cyber Sleuth revealed at Anime Expo
by GeezusKhryst
in News, PC, Switch
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Bandai Namco has been throwing announcements left and right for a few days because of Anime Expo 2019. The latest one being about a new Digimon game. During Anime Expo 2019 at the "Future of Digimon series" panel, Bandai Namco announced that a Complete Edition of Digimon Story: Cyber Sleuth would be coming to Nintendo Switch and PC.
The complete edition will include not one but two games in one package — Digimon Story: Cyber Sleuth and Cyber Sleuth – Hacker's Memory. According to the trailer, the game will be launching on PC and Nintendo Switch on October 18, 2019.
You can watch the trailer below.
About the Digimon Story games:
Digimon Story: Cyber Sleuth and Cyber Sleuth – Hacker's Memory, both are great turn-based JRPGs and were previously only available on the PlayStation 4 and PlayStation Vita. Cyber Sleuth tells the story of a group of teens who are pulled into a reality-bending plot involving hackers, detectives, and of course, Digimon companions to do battle against evil forces. Cyber Sleuth focused on a new incarnation of the Digimon universe.
Digimon Story: Cyber Sleuth Complete Edition isn't just a simple port either. Its a brand new entry reworking the two games together. The Complete Edition will keep the original games' turn-based battle system and will include over 300 Digimons. Players will also be able to keep their levels and team through both games. Bandai Namco did not announce any additional content for fans outside of these two main games.
During the panel, Bandai Namco also confirmed that a new game in the franchise is in development. There aren't many details about it just yet, but we do know that it's not going to be a sequel to Cyber Sleuth and will take place in both the real and digital worlds. We'll have to be patient for more information on this title.
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Tags: DigimonNintendo Switch
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GeezusKhryst
Hey, my name is Tanmay Badgujar. I've always been an avid gamer and a huge video-game enthusiast. Owning a lot of consoles and handhelds, I'm basically a console geek. I'm a fan of PC gaming as well. My gaming alias is GeezusKhryst and my main game is Rainbow Six Siege. Currently, I'm a computer engineering student and I'd love to contribute to the video-game industry by being part of a game dev team in the future.
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text:
British actress
Facts & Data Media
Alternative Title: Deborah Jane Kerr-Trimmer
Deborah Kerr, original name Deborah Jane Kerr-Trimmer, (born September 30, 1921, Helensburgh, Dunbartonshire, Scotland—died October 16, 2007, Suffolk, England), British film and stage actress known for the poise and serenity she exhibited in portraying complex characters.
Britannica Explores
100 Women Trailblazers
Meet extraordinary women who dared to bring gender equality and other issues to the forefront. From overcoming oppression, to breaking rules, to reimagining the world or waging a rebellion, these women of history have a story to tell.
Kerr trained as a dancer in her aunt's drama school in Bristol, England. She won a scholarship to Sadler's Wells ballet school and at age 17 made her professional dancing debut in London in the corps de ballet of Prometheus. Discovering an interest in acting, Kerr began playing bit parts in various Shakespeare productions. In 1941 she made her British film debut in a supporting role as a Salvation Army volunteer in the film adaptation of George Bernard Shaw's Major Barbara. She developed her acting skills enough to be hired as a leading lady and portrayed the major role of Sister Clodagh in Black Narcissus (1947), for which she won her first New York Film Critics' Circle Award (her subsequent awards were for Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison [1957] and The Sundowners [1960]). Black Narcissus became an international hit and led to an MGM contract and the opportunity to play opposite Clark Gable in The Hucksters later that year.
After 1947 Kerr established herself in Hollywood, typecast by MGM—in what Kerr referred to as "tiara roles"—as a well-bred young British matron. Director Fred Zinnemann at Columbia, in a risk-taking gesture, cast Kerr (on loan from MGM) against type in the role of a lusty, adulterous army wife in From Here to Eternity (1953), hoping that Kerr's ladylike poise would provide an interesting contrast to her character's seamy past. The scene from that film of Kerr and her costar Burt Lancaster making love on the beach as waves crash against them has become a classic Hollywood image and remains one of the steamiest in film history. Also in 1953 Kerr made an acclaimed debut on Broadway in Tea and Sympathy with her sensitive portrayal of a schoolteacher's wife who has an affair with a young student insecure about his sexuality. She reprised her role in the 1956 film adaptation. From this point on, Kerr was offered a wider variety of characters with a broader emotional range.
Kerr, DeborahDeborah Kerr in From Here to Eternity (1953), directed by Fred Zinnemann. Columbia/The Kobal Collection
While she continued to play prim-and-proper, cultured, or virtuous women, such as the governess Anna in the film adaptation of Rodgers and Hammerstein's hit musical The King and I (1956), a nun again in Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison, and a spirited unmarried artist in Tennessee Williams's Night of the Iguana (1964), she demonstrated her versatility with such passionate portrayals as her romantic role in the tearjerker An Affair to Remember (1957) and her moving performance as an Australian sheepherder's wife in The Sundowners.
Deborah Kerr and Yul Brynner in the film The King and I (1956). © 1956 Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation; all rights reserved
Kerr announced her retirement in 1969, though she continued to make occasional appearances onstage and in feature and TV movies. She received six Academy Award nominations for best actress and was awarded an honorary lifetime achievement Oscar in 1993. In 1997 she was created a Companion of the Order of the British Empire.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica This article was most recently revised and updated by Amy Tikkanen, Corrections Manager.
…to Holmes's wife, Karen (Deborah Kerr), and they begin an affair. In one of the most famous scenes in movie history, Warden and Karen make love on the beach, and Karen later tells him about Holmes's philandering and drunken neglect of her. Elsewhere, the soldiers have gone to a…
…impulsively helps Edith Hunter (Deborah Kerr) combat anti-British propaganda and ends up dueling German officer Theo Kretschmar-Schuldorff (Anton Walbrook). Candy and Theo become friends when they recover in the same hospital, and Theo becomes engaged to Edith. In 1918 Candy, who has since realized that he was in love…
…he meets Anna (played by Deborah Kerr), a "proper" English widow who has traveled to Siam to serve as his children's governess, teaching them the ways of the Western world. Despite their vastly different backgrounds, Anna and the king learn to respect and even admire each other.…
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Helensburgh, Scotland
Suffolk, England
Academy Award (1994)
Honorary Oscar (1994)
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Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students.
Deborah Kerr - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)


How many times have you rushed out of town or taken a day off only to forget to set an away message on your email account? I've done this plenty of times in the past. I used to have to wait to get in front of a desktop computer, login and set the away message. If you are using Google Apps for Business (Gmail) there is a more simple way to set an away message remotely, right from your phone.
Once you are in the App, click on the upper left hand icon that has 3 horizontal lines.
That is all there is to it. If you ever want to make changes, you can just follow the steps above again.
This is a nifty thing to do even if you plan on being gone for the afternoon or morning. It lets people know that you are not available but will respond soon. People today can be very impatient if they do not hear back the same day (sometimes the same hour), and it is nice to at least give them a little heads up and practice patience.


This is our presentation of website dedicated to music.
You can imagine some other images here. Everything you see here, can be changed according to your taste and needs.
Mobile first (or not?). We are designing and testing our work on different devices.
Like in this module, you can have version of slideshow or picture gallery, or what ever you like to have on diferent places of your website.
Welcome to Web - design!
Welcome to our website-development presentation. Here you can choose between different web designs or get impression obout our possibilities to make exact site for you. Take a time to surf acros the site, find some design you like, and think what we can change to suit your taste.
Usability experts, have often emphasised homepage design for website success and asserted that the homepage is the most important page on a website.
In 2012 and 2013, carousels (also called 'sliders' and 'rotating banners') have become an extremely popular design element on homepages, often used to showcase featured or recent content in a confined space.
proportion-based grids,flexible images, and CSS3 media queries, an extension of the media rule.
Careful consideration might be made to ensure that the aesthetics or overall design of a site do not clash with the clarity and accuracy of the content or the ease of web navigation.
User understanding of the content of a website often depends on user understanding of how the website works. This is part of the user experience design.


text:
Q: Does an input have an "original value" attribute? With the latest changes to jQuery there are the different methods, .prop() .attr().
What I am wondering is if there is a way to get the original value of the input when the page was loaded?
I know I could do:
$('#input').data('originalValue', $('#input').val());

and then I can refer to it through
$('#input').data('originalValue');

But I thought that since I can say, find out the original checked state of a checkbox I thought maybe there is something similar for the value?

A: You can use the input element's defaultValue property
For example:
$('#input')[0].defaultValue

Note how by treating the jQuery object as an array we are able to directly access the DOM node and its native property.
See jsFiddle demo

A: You can use jQuery.get to get the element and grab the .defaultValue property:
$('#input').get(0).defaultValue

Or use jQuery.prop since jQuery 1.6:
$('#input').prop("defaultValue");

Likewise for defaultChecked (radio and checkbox) and defaultSelected (option).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The revival of the John Crabbie name in Scotch whisky is set to continue with the construction of a £7m malt distillery in Leith.
Plans for the new plant on Graham Street, close to John Crabbie's original premises at Yardheads, Great Junction Street, have been unveiled by Crabbie owner Halewood Wines & Spirits.
The company said it would invest more than £7m in the new distillery, which is set to open in early 2019.
That might make it the first single malt distillery to open in Edinburgh for more than a century, although the rival Holyrood distillery project is aiming to begin production by the end of this year.
The Port of Leith distillery is also due to open its vertically arranged whisky plant in spring 2019.
The John Crabbie name has become associated with Crabbie's green ginger wine and ginger beers, but Crabbie, who established the business in 1801, was a pioneer in Scotch whisky.
He was co-founder and first chairman of the North British grain distillery, which still operates in Edinburgh, and was one of the first large-scale whisky blenders.
'The site we have chosen in Leith has historical links with Scotch whisky production and maturation dating back over 200 years, and we hope it will contribute to the rising prosperity of the area with the creation of new jobs and through attracting additional visitors to the city,' said David Brown, managing director of John Crabbie & Co.
The John Crabbie distillery had originally been earmarked for Granton Harbour, but it was felt that the new site in Leith was a better fit with the heritage of the Crabbie name and Leith's historic status as the epicentre of the Scotch whisky industry.
The new distillery will continue the revival of the Crabbie name in Scotch, which has already included the launches of two sourced single malts, with more to follow.
The planned Port of Leith distillery in Edinburgh will be arranged vertically in a 40-metre tower.


B.G. Knocc Out also shares his thoughts on whether or not Suge Knight played a role in Eazy-E's death.
B.G. Knocc Out shares a story with Vlad TV (September 24) of when Dr. Dre had Eazy-E set up with Suge Knight and his goons to coerce him to sign a contract.
Thinking he was meeting up with Dr. Dre and Suge Knight to release him of his contract, Eazy-E was met with guns drawn to his face.
When asked if Dr. Dre was present when the altercation occurred, the West Coast artist says that Dre wasn't.
However, he asserts that the Compton rapper set up the meeting.
Elsewhere in the interview, B.G. describes the moments before Eazy-E was diagnosed with AIDS adding to the conspiracy theories revolving his death.
B.G. Knocc Out doesn't think the Death Row CEO was the one who made it happen, however he does feel as though Suge was made privy of the information by someone of a higher authority.
Share the post "B.G. Knocc Out Recalls When Dr. Dre Had Eazy-E Set Up With Suge Knight"


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Silliman University
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All of the country's top universities would boast of offering quality education. Silliman is no different. But while it joins the ranks of prestigious Philippine universities, it is humbled by a gift of a location that bespeaks of the natural environment's complement to academic learning - one feature that sets Silliman apart from the rest.
Dotted with over 300 acacia trees, the Silliman campus is uniquely embraced in between views of the Cuernos de Negros mountains in its background and the Visayan sea at its frontage. The 62-hectare campus offers patches of greens on where personal relationships are nurtured, spiritual nourishment facilitated, and the concept of quality student life redefined.
Silliman University is a melting pot of cultures and religions. Of its overall population of more than 9,000, over 300 are international students from 23 different countries. Its affiliation with the United Church of Christ in the Philippines as a Protestant university has never been a hindrance to the exercise of religious freedom. Majority of Silliman students are Roman Catholics and a good number are Muslims from Mindanao.
The university is located in the charming city of Dumaguete, dubbed the 'City of Gentle People,' an hour away by plane from Manila and four hours away by boat from Cebu. Silliman thrives in a city where the strip of restaurants offering good food along the boulevard and where everything a student needs is just a stone's throw away. While offering the coveted 'retirement getaway' environment, the city is not left behind by progress. You can find infrastructure developments and businesses sprouting in support of the city's "University Town" concept.
Campus life revolves around the motto Via, Veritas, Vita (of Christ being the Way, the Truth, the Life). It is Silliman's mission to develop the whole person within the Christian context and in a sound environment. Students are expected to put their education to work in service to others - another mark that distinguishes Silliman from other institutions of higher learning.
It is also the conducive residential campus life that sets Silliman University apart from the other leading universities in the Philippines. The 12 regular and cooperative dormitories provide a home away from home for Silliman students who come from outside Dumaguete. In the dormitories, students belong to a family, a part of the bigger Silliman community. A corollary to this sense of community is the "Silliman Spirit" - an atmosphere of personal closeness, warmth, friendship, and concern.
Institutional Distinctions
Silliman is one of select higher education institutions in the country granted autonomous status by the Commission on Higher Education. The same government agency has also designated Silliman as a Center of Excellence in Nursing Education and Teacher Education and a Center of Development in Biology, Information Technology Education, and Accountancy.
With support from the United States Agency for International Development, Silliman is a Center of Excellence in Coastal Resource Management. Its community-based coastal resource management program has inspired the recognition of Apo Island off the town of Dauin as one of the best diving spots in the world.
Just like other top universities, Silliman's academic programs undergo regular evaluation by any of three accrediting agencies: Philippine Accrediting Association of Schools, Colleges and Universities, Association of Schools, Colleges and Universities-Accrediting Agency, Inc., and the Association of Theological Education in Southeast Asia.
It maintains links on collaborative research and faculty and student exchange with universities in the United States and Asia, on top of strong affiliations with the United Board for Christian Higher Education in Asia (UBCHEA) and international development organizations. Its longest running student exchange programs are with three Japanese universities: International Christian University, Ferris University, and Shikoku Gakuin University.
Hibbard Avenue
6200 Dumaguete, Central Visayas, Philippines
Master of Arts in English Major in Creative Writing arrow_forward
Master of Arts in Psychology Major in Industrial / Organizational Psychology arrow_forward
Master of Science in Coastal Resource Management arrow_forward
Master of Science in Marine Biology arrow_forward
BScs (3) HEALTHCARESTUDIES


Hi, I bought tablet Lenovo Ideatab S6000L and installed Airdroid yesterday.When I try to upload files (doc, pdf, jpg...) and folders from my laptop to the tablet using Chrome, I get an "error" message and I cannot upload anything.When I use Firefox, I can only drag and drop files, but not folders (when I try to do that, I get a message which says that drag and drop is non supported on this browser).
I use Android 4.2 JB on tablet and Ubuntu 12.04 on laptop; I sign in through web.airdroid.com.
when will it be possible to get connection to a S6000 ?????


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A Venetian organic glass vase, made on the island of Murano, near Venice, Italy. Made in the style of Flavio Poli's sommerso glassware for Seguso Vetri d'Arte, which has since been duplicated by several other well known manufacturers including Mandruzzato, Formia and Luigi Onesto. In a stunning combination of blue glass cased in amber glass, which is further encased in clear glass, using the renowned Venetian Sommerso technique.
Good condition, just a few tiny nicks to the base rim, shown in final pictures.


Women's news from around Canada, and around the world. Check back here every day for the latest news about women's racing, events, people and places. Be sure to try out the Archives at the bottom of this page - now a searchable index. We are always looking for cycling news in your community, so drop us a line (leigh@canadiancyclist.com) - we'll be sure to credit you if we use it!
National Trails Roundtable -Join The National Dialogue On Recreational Trails!
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Fluorescence of the conjugated polymers in solution.
A strategy to produce highly fluorescent nanoparticles through careful molecular design of conjugated polymers has been developed by KAUST researchers1. Such tiny polymer-based particles could offer alternatives to conventional organic dyes and inorganic semiconductor quantum dots as fluorescent tags for medical imaging.
Conjugated polymer-derived nanoparticles, called Pdots, are expected to transform several areas, including optoelectronics, bio-imaging, bio-sensing and nanomedicine, due to their intense fluorescence, high stability under exposure to light and low cytotoxicity. Their spectroscopic properties are tunable by tweaking the polymer structures. This makes it essential to consider their design at the molecular level.
Bio-imaging applications require nanoparticles small enough to be eliminated from the body and strongly emit light in the far-red to near-infrared range. However, current design and fabrication of Pdots have mostly relied on empirical approaches, hindering attempts to manufacture these ultrasmall nanoparticles.
To meet this challenge, Dr. Hubert Piwoński and Associate Professor Satoshi Habuchi came up with a systematic method that enhances the performance of Pdots. Habuchi explained that his team aimed to create Pdots of a smaller size and brighter fluorescence by using conjugated polymers, whose backbone of alternating single and multiple bonds enables so-called π electrons to move freely throughout the structure.
For the first time, the researchers opted for twisted, instead of planar, conjugated polymers as building blocks to generate their Pdots. Existing Pdots usually exhibit lower fluorescence intensity than their precursors as result of complex inter- and intra-chain photophysical interactions within particles.
According to Habuchi, this trial was a shot in the dark—his team initiated the project without really knowing what would eventuate— but they were still surprised by the fluorescence behaviors of these Pdots compared to their previously investigated analogues.
Preliminary results suggest that the newly synthesized nanoparticles were the smallest and brightest Pdots reported to date. "Therefore, we hypothesized that the twisted shape of the molecules is responsible for the very bright fluorescence due to the suppression of π–π interactions inside the particles," explained Habuchi.
The researchers validated their hypothesis by comprehensive photophysical and structural characterizations. "That was the most exciting moment of our project," added Habuchi, noting that this demonstration has opened a new door for the correct prediction of the fluorescence properties of Pdots.
"We are now trying to introduce functional groups into these Pdots for bioconjugation," Habuchi continued. The team is also designing and fabricating near-infrared-emitting nanoparticles.