the hobbit part 2 watch the hobbit part 2 in.
twin pillow top mattress pad image of golden twin pillow top mattress.
ashley princess watch set rose gold plated multi dial bracelet watch.
baker nursery baker nursery interior design room vignette interior design baby nursery design baker nursery baker nursery.
contouring kit review by face studio master contour face contouring kit.
kitchen table round long kitchen tables narrow wood dining table long black dining table round kitchen table with leaf modern dining set stone dining table long kitchen tables.
sectional couches dimensions sectional couch dimensions oversized sofa small sizes org with regard to designs 4.
bedroom wall light decorative wall lights for living room decorative wall sconce modern bathroom light fixtures bedroom wall sconces.
miss vickie pressure cooker beans bowl.
baby proof door handle child safe door knob covers door knob covers fit baby proof lever door handles child proof door locks front door rubber door knob covers child safety door.


While I have grown up with an appreciation for and a desire to protect and conserve nature, Wild Gift fostered a stronger understanding of the varied approaches to sustainability and conservation (just look at the types of projects Wild Gift alums are doing!). Wild Gift continues to make a strong impression on me and I am ever grateful for my time as an inaugural member of Wild Gift.
I have more than 12 years of experience as a consultant, researcher, and manager focused on conserving coastal and ocean resources across numerous locations including American Samoa, Australia, Fiji, Honduras, Indonesia, St. Lucia, U.S. Virgin Islands, and U.S. West Coast. I developed a strong love of nature and particularly the ocean and coastal environment while growing up on California's Central Coast and spending time at the beach and in nearby watersheds. After my Wild Gift Alaska treks of 2002 and 2003, I completed a Masters Program in coastal environmental management at Duke University with an emphasis in coastal management and sustainable tourism. My masters built upon my B.S. in Aquatic Biology from U.C. Santa Barbara.
Following my masters, I worked as an Environmental Planner in American Samoa where I supported collaborative efforts to reduce human impacts to territorial reefs. Then I spent more than five years working as a consultant supporting clients in areas of organizational effectiveness; monitoring, evaluation, and learning; sustainable finance; and strategic planning. I also contributed to coral reef conservation work as an Associate Program Director for the Coral Reef Alliance. While there, I lead the Fiji and Indonesia programs and coordinated initiatives focused on coral reef adaptation. Most recently I joined UC Santa Cruz's Coastal Science and Policy Program as the Graduate Program Administrator and Advisor.
As a former consultant, I have led more than 20 projects as a project manager and supported over 40 additional projects nationally and internationally. My specializations include project management; partnership identification and design; capacity development; sustainable finance and grants; monitoring, evaluation, and learning at the program and portfolio scales; program evaluation and enhancement; strategic and business planning; meeting design and technical facilitation; qualitative and quantitative research and analysis; science integration and uptake; and effective institutional arrangement design and financing.
Specific skills I apply in my practice include engaging staff and stakeholders (communities, resource managers, nonprofits, funders, and government representatives), developing solutions, and making recommendations to inform strategic conservation and management decisions. I also bring extensive experience executing systematic and efficient program and organizational evaluations and assessments, strategic planning processes, and more than eight years of experience conducting facilitations and trainings.


text:
The Great Gaymathon Review #39: Endless Ocean (Wii)
Game: Endless Ocean
Genre: Adventure/Simulation
Developer: Arika
System: Wii
Would it shock you if I said that this "scuba simulator" is one of my favorite Wii games thus far? Well, it is. I know what some of you are thinking in response to that admission: Isn't this the title that was derided as a "non-game" upon release? Why, yes, it was. And you know what? All of the folks who declared Endless Ocean unworthy of attention (because of its supposed non-game status) were wrong. To me, it's a piece of software (a "game," if you will) that could and should be enjoyed by everyone from so-called hardcore gamers to those oft-criticized "casuals" thanks to its one-handed (in terms of controls) and open-world--or maybe I should say open-ocean--approach. Admittedly, there aren't any enemies in this game, although there are plenty of scary-looking (and not-so-scary-looking) creatures to touch, photograph and examine in it. And that, really, is the point of Endless Ocean--to explore the depths of the make-believe "Manoa Lai" sea and interact with its many inhabitants. Thankfully, said sea is made up of a number of disparate areas, including caves and trenches, and also features additional points of interest like ship wrecks and sunken treasure--all of which are wonderfully realized despite the Wii's underpowered hardware. Also wonderfully realized: Endless Ocean's ethereal soundtrack, the majority of which is made up of songs performed by "operatic pop" singer Hayley Westenra.
See also: Previous 'Great Gaymathon' posts
Labels: adventure, Arika, Endless Ocean, Hayley Westenra, nintendo, ocean, reviews, scuba, simulation, swimming, The Great Gaymathon, wii
I have both the endless ocean games and have only played about an hour of the first game. I really liked what I played. It was so relaxing, no need to rush. I'd love to get the time to beat both of them.
Oh, definitely go back and play some more of the original, Retr0gamer. It certainly improves after the first hour. Just wait until you discover some of the more amazing caves -- and the deep-sea trench! I've heard the sequel is even better, but I've yet to play it myself.
Anyone who plays games with me knows that water levels terrify me, but a water GAME with no enemies? I think I could play that...I've always wanted to see if I could stand it or if it would give me nightmares...
I really love this game. So far from all the shooting games I'm tired of.
It's a shame though that Endless ocean 2 was kind of crappy. You could run out of oxygen, there were some clear missions and worst of all: you had to shoot sharks.
Water levels terrify you, Justin? Why's that -- and how did you get through Ocarina of Time or Super Mario 64??
Anyway, yes, you should try this. The game's literally about swimming around in the ocean. Nothing ever attacks you in this game, although I've heard they can do so in the sequel.
There are some creepy moments, of course, since some of the creatures and locales in this game look mighty strange, but that's it.
Really, I have to get back to this one, or get the sequel. I completely loved what I've played of the original (which is quite a bit!).
Hey there, Balloonfighter! Oh, that's too bad that you didn't like Endless Ocean 2. I thought the general consensus was the it was better than the original? Oh, well, I still want to try it. If it's crappy, as you say, at least I can still play the original :)
It's still pretty fun to be honest but I guess most people prefer it because it has a more video gamey approach, but what I loved about the first game was that is was almost like an interactive screen saver. It made me calm. :)
Ah, yes, I can see that. Personally, I love the open-world, do-what-you-want approach of the original. It's great to just swim around and explore the sea's various locations -- and look for new ones. Ahhhhh :)
Yet another Wii game I have to pick up eventually! Retrogamer mentions playing it to completion though–how do you do that if there are no real goals?
Hey there, Anne! Actually, I didn't know until now that it can be played through to completion. Although I've played the game for a number of hours (more than 20, I would guess), I never reached a point that seemed like it was nearing an end. I'm guessing it involves something like finding all of the locations and seeing all of the fish/sea life? That's all I can imagine at this point...
Taiko no Tatsujin amigurumi + PC Engine Core Grafx...
Super Capybario
Calling all 'Speccy' fans
Day-eee-tooooo-naaaaaaaaaa! Let's go away!!
Ten questions with the guys who created Wizorb
Yoshinori Ono on Final Fight's Poison: She's suppo...
Famicommercials
Halloween-ish HuCards
Le sigh: It seems my copy of Xenoblade Chronicles ...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


An American boy is believed to be the youngest person in the world to successfully generate a nuclear reaction and he did it in his play room.
The Open Source Fusor Research Consortium has just recognised Jackson Oswalt as having created a successful nuclear reaction last year at the age of 13.
Jackson, now 14, did it by creating a steel machine capable of smashing atoms together and releasing a burst of fusion energy a process comparable to how the sun is powered.
With the support of his parents, he spent between US$8000 and US$10,000 collecting the parts he needed before putting them together in his playroom.
"After a while, it became pretty simple to realise how it all worked together, but at the start it was definitely figuring out one aspect of it, memorising what that actually meant and then moving on to a different aspect of it," Jackson told Fox News.
The consortium gave Jackson advice throughout the process and after he finished his project in January 2018, retired engineer Richard Hull began working to verify Jackson's results.
"You have to jump through the right hoops, and we have to believe you and see what you've done," said Mr Hull.
Jackson is now believed to be the youngest person to ever generate nuclear fusion, but it won't become official until more official organisations check the results and publish his work in an academic journal.


Purchasing a new cottage or cabin has never been easier and more affordable. ARC Modular offers an exceptional line of cottage designs and park models which can be customized and optioned to meet your needs and budget. Choose from an array of updated and modern decors and finishes which adds your own personal touch to the design process.
Unlike RV's or campers, our park models are built stronger, insulated better and equipped with home-style fixtures that can be connected to varying utilities. Park models can be used for recreational or long-term living and are generally a three season convenience. Floor plans generally include either 1 or 2 bedrooms, kitchen, full bathroom, and a dinette. New are plans coming soon!


Contributed photo AMONG THE STATE'S BEST -- On Saturday, March 23 the Maine State Pee Wee Wrestling Championships K-8 were held at Noble High School in South Berwick, close to 600 participants took part in this event from all over the state. Two SeDoMoCha Middle School wrestlers placed at this very competitive event. Fifth-grader Tanyon Gibbs finished in fourth place and seventh-grader Gage Beaudry came in second in his bracket. Pictured are Gibbs, left, and Beaudry.
AMONG THE STATE'S BEST — On Saturday, March 23 the Maine State Pee Wee Wrestling Championships K-8 were held at Noble High School in South Berwick, close to 600 participants took part in this event from all over the state. Two SeDoMoCha Middle School wrestlers placed at this very competitive event. Fifth-grader Tanyon Gibbs finished in fourth place and seventh-grader Gage Beaudry came in second in his bracket.Pictured are Gibbs, left, and Beaudry.


Style 5132 is a full length dress with spaghetti straps and a pleated organza bodice. It features an organza asymmetrical full length skirt with horse hair trim. The waist is accented by a bling ribbon that ties to a bow in the back. Satin buttons cover the zipper.


text:
Die Gmina Udanin () ist eine Landgemeinde in der Woiwodschaft Niederschlesien in Polen. Ihr Sitz ist das gleichnamige Dorf ( Gäbersdorf) mit etwa 1000 Einwohnern.

Bis 1945 gehörte das Dorf zum Deutschen Reich, Landkreis Striegau, Niederschlesien.

Geographie
Udanin liegt im Südwesten von Polen etwa 42 Kilometer von Breslau und 28 Kilometer von Legnica entfernt. Nachbargemeinden sind Środa Śląska, Kostomłoty, Zarow, Mściwojów und Wądroże Wielkie.

Gliederung
Die Landgemeinde Udanin setzt sich aus 19 Dörfern (deutsche Namen bis 1945) mit Schulzenamt zusammen:

Weitere Ortschaften der Gemeinde sind: Dębki (Eichberg), Dębnica, Jańczów und Księżyce.

Insgesamt leben weniger als 6000 Menschen in der Gemeinde. Die größten Orte der Gmina sind Udanin mit 982 Einwohnern, Ujazd Górny mit 596 Einwohnern und Ujazd Konary mit 503 Einwohnern.

Kultur und Sehenswürdigkeiten

In den Ortschaften der Gemeinde gibt es mehrere historische Kirchen. Die Kirche der Heiligen Ursula in Udanin wurde 1250 erbaut.

Durch die Stauseen der Region werden viele Angler angelockt.

Wirtschaft und Infrastruktur
Die Gemeinde hat einen größtenteils ländlichen Charakter. 86 Prozent ihrer Fläche werden für die Landwirtschaft verwendet, 10 Prozent entfallen auf das Gemeindegebiet, lediglich 4 Prozent werden für Forstwirtschaft genutzt. Die fruchtbaren Böden werden hauptsächlich für den Ackerbau verwendet. Die Gemeinde ist reich an Rohstoffen, wie Lehm und Braunkohle.

In den letzten Jahrzehnten wurden viele Haushalte an die Wasserversorgung angeschlossen, damit sind Wasser- und Abwasseranschlüsse in fast allen Ortschaften der Gemeinde vorhanden. Eine moderne Kläranlage wurde in Piekary gebaut.

Die Grundschule der Gemeinde wurde vor kurzer Zeit modernisiert und mit einer Sporthalle versehen. Der Bau eines Kindergartens ist für die nächsten Jahre geplant.

Die Bahnstrecke Strzegom–Marciszów ist stillgelegt und damit auch der Bahnhof Piekary Udanin. Die Autobahn A4 verläuft durch die Gemeinde. Der nächste Flughafen befindet sich in Breslau.

Persönlichkeiten
 Karl von Richthofen (1811–1888), Rechtshistoriker und Jurist; geboren in Damsdorf

Weblinks

 Internetpräsenz der Gemeinde Udanin

Fußnoten

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Study: Whites Want Harsher Prison Terms When Informed Blacks Disproportionately in Prisons
Tony Lee, Breitbart, August 8, 2014
When whites in New York City and San Francisco were informed that blacks disproportionately make up the country's prison population, they were actually more likely to support tougher sentencing laws.
Stanford University psychology researchers Rebecca Hetey and Jennifer Eberhardt "wanted to know whether making white people aware of racial disparities in incarceration would bolster or diminish their support for draconian policies." They conducted their experiments in San Francisco and New York–two of the most liberal cities in the country. In Psychological Science they revealed that "when white people were told about these racial disparities, they reported being more afraid of crime and more likely to support the kinds of punitive policies that exacerbate the racial disparities."
Their research determined that "informing the white public of this disproportionate incarceration rate may actually bolster support for the very policies that perpetuate the inequality."
According to Stanford Report, "their first experiment unfolded at a train station near San Francisco:"
A white female researcher asked 62 white voters to watch a video containing mug shots of male inmates. Some of the participants saw a video in which 25 percent of the mug shots were of black men, while others saw a video in which the percentage of black men among the mug shots rose to 45 percent.
The participants then had an opportunity to sign a real petition aimed at easing the severity of California's three-strikes law. 'It seemed like a great opportunity–a real-life political issue–to test this question of whether blacker prison populations lead people to accept these more punitive policies,' Eberhardt said.
The results were clear. Over half of the participants who'd seen the mug shots with fewer black men signed the petition, whereas only 27 percent of people who viewed the mug shots containing a higher percentage of black inmates agreed to sign. This was the case regardless of how harsh participants thought the law was.
In their next experiment, "Hetey and Eberhardt showed 164 white New Yorkers statistics about the prison population," and "New York residents read about black inmates either in terms of the national incarceration rate (40 percent of prisoners are black) or the New York City rate (60 percent)" before being asked "about their support for the stop-and-frisk policy:"
About 33 percent of the participants who saw the lower national statistic were willing to sign a petition to end the policy. But only 12 percent of those who saw the higher city rate of black incarceration were willing to sign the petition. Participants who saw the higher rate of black incarceration were more likely to report concern over crime, which was associated with reluctance to sign the petition.
Acknowledging that "African-Americans constitute only 12 percent of America's population" while representing nearly "40 percent of the nation's prison inmates," Sens. Rand Paul (R-KY) and Cory Booker (D-NJ) have teemed up on a bill to reform the nation's sentencing laws.
Topics: Black on White Crime, Crime, Racial Profiling
< Fear of a Minority Superhero: Marvel's Obsession with White Guys Saving the World
White Students No Longer in the Majority >


text:
Copa America organizers worried over empty seats in Brazil
MAURICIO SAVARESE
Paraguay's Derlis Gonzalez covers his face after his side's 2-2 draw with Qatar in a Copa America Group B soccer match at the Maracana stadium in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Sunday, June 16, 2019. (AP Photo/Silvia Izquierdo)
RIO DE JANEIRO (AP) — The head of South America's soccer governing body is worried about empty seats at the Copa America tournament in Brazil. Some players have said they can comfortably hear instructions from their coaches on the sidelines.
CONMEBOL President Alejandro Dominguez said Sunday he believes the attendances will improve as the tournament advances.
More than 46,000 fans paid an average of $125 per ticket at Brazil's opener against Bolivia, but at least 22,000 seats were empty at the Morumbi Stadium for a match that organizers initially said was a sellout.
Sunday's 2-2 draw between Qatar and Paraguay saw 20,000 fans at the 87,000-seater Maracana.
The two matches played on Saturday also brought disappointing attendances. Only 11,000 were at Porto Alegre's 60,000-seater Arena do Gremio to watch the 0-0 draw between Peru and Venezuela. Later that day, 35,000 fans were at 50,000-seater Fonte Nova to watch Lionel Messi's Argentina lose 2-0 to Colombia in Salvador. Organizers said before the match it was sold out.
"It worries us, of course it worries us," Dominguez said after a CONMEBOL event in Rio de Janeiro, adding "I think it will improve."
The attendance at Belo Horizonte's Mineirao stadium also looked small for Uruguay vs Ecuador on Sunday night.
Brazil's TV Globo commentator Luis Roberto said "it is not that people don't want to be here," and singled out ticket prices, with even the cheapest ones at $30 around double the price of tickets for Brazilian national championship matches.
Brazil's minimum wage this year is at $256, with little change in comparison with previous years because of the country's enduring economic crisis. More than 13 million people are unemployed in the Copa America host nation, far worse than when it staged the 2014 World Cup.
South American bloc calls for Venezuela elections
Sweden seeks lithium tie-ups in South America amid 'white gold' rush
Matthijs de Ligt on verge of signing with Juventus
Big Ten Offseason Report: Power Rankings and Burning Questions for 2019-20
The only story bigger than the 2019 Wimbledon men's finals: Mirka Federer's engagement ring
K-Swiss and Immortals Gaming Club team up for first-ever performance shoe for gamers
Major esports league to hold matches in Houston in 2020


The monthly NAHB/Wells Fargo Housing Market Index includes a set of "special" questions on a topic of current interest to the housing industry. In December 2016, the special questions asked builders about the problems they faced in 2016 and expect to face in 2017.
Topping the list of problems builders faced in 2016 and expect to face in 2017 is the Cost/Availability of Labor, a significant issue for 78% of builders in 2016 and one that has significantly grown in importance since 2011. That year, 13% of builders rated labor as a significant problem, followed by 30% in 2012, 53% in 2013, 61% in 2014 and 71% in 2015.
The second most significant problem in 2016 was Cost/Availability of Developed Lots-cited by 60% of builders. In 2011, the Cost/Availability of Lots was rated significant by 21% of builders who responded to the survey. That share increased to 34% in 2012, 46% in 2013, 55% in 2014 and again to 58% in 2015. Both the availability of labor and lots highlight the expected constraints of a recovering housing market.
Impact/Hook-up/Inspection or other Fees was a significant problem for 60% of builders in 2016. In 2013, it was a problem for 46% of builders, 52% in 2014, and 53% in 2015 and is expected to be an issue by 61% in 2017. Federal Environmental Regulations and Policies was a significant problem for 58% of builders in 2016. In 2013, this was rated a significant problem by 46% of builders, 53% in 2014 and then 55% in 2015.
Regulation of Banking/financial institutions was a significant problem for 55% of builders in 2016. In 2011, it was rated a significant problem by 77% of builders. The Local/state environmental regulations and policies continue to be a problem for 52% of reporting builders in 2016 compared to 41% in 2011.
Building material prices was a significant problem for 48% of builders in 2016 and expected to increase to 60% in 2017. In fact, this issue experienced the largest difference between builders noting it was an issue in 2016 and builder expectations of it as a challenge in 2017. Other issues builders expect to become more significant problems in 2017: labor, lots, and rising interest rates.


If you are a fan of Lady M style cafes, then you'll be pleasantly surprised that Taipei has enough of those types of cafes to create a mini city. With so many to choose from, here are 5 "fresh" cafes that'll make your soul tingle.
Qsweet is a chocolate shop that specializes in all sorts of ridiculously, luxuriously looking chocolates. Ironically, it's signature item is the baller white chocolate cheesecake that makes angels sing. With a oreo based crust and lightly sweet dark chocolate, this combo will make your taste buds tingle. Many eaters have commented this ish is so smooth that you'll forget you are eating a slice of cheesecake and think you are biting into ice cream.
Grapefruit and lemon cake – 1050 NT. Picture from Facebook.
Escape from Paris is a French style bakery(who knew) whose decor is kept to a minimum but the sweets are off the charts. The star of the show is the flower shaped grapefruit cake. But that is not to say, nothing else on the menu is deserving of your hard earned cash. For such elegant desserts, you'll need to put forth your full attention.
If you ever wanted to know what Easter Island would taste like if it were a cake, then Honey Ocean has got you covered. Their coolest creation is an individual sized cake with chocolate "statues" that mimic the shape of the famous stone heads at Easter Island. For less than $6 USD, you can snag a tasty treat and a baller Instagram picture.
Fun Tower is a Japanese style crepe shop that makes crepe bouquets of deliciousness and awesomeness. Crepes are rolled into a flower-like bouquet and filled with both savory and sweet fixings such nuts, fruits and ham. You probably wouldn't want to put all those into the same crepes, but hey, to each their own.
If you love macaroons, custom made madeleines, and fruit towers. Amenohi cafe has got you covered. Boom shaka laka.


* Check your air filter once a month by holding it up to a bright light. If you can't see through it, it's time to clean or replace the filter.
* Use ceiling fans rather than the air conditioner when possible.
* Close curtains and blinds to help keep the sun out in the summer.
* Make sure there are no cracks around doors and windows.
* Avoid cooling rooms that are not occupied.
* Improving attic ventilation and insulation can lower the temperature of your home during hot summer days. Also consider installing an attic fan to dispense hot air.
* Raising the thermostat to 78 degrees can save on cooling costs.
* Awnings, trees and large shrubs near windows all help to block out the heat from your home.
* Avoid opening and closing doors. Heat enters and the cold air escapes.
* Open curtains and blinds to let the sun warm your home in the winter.
* Keep drapes closed at night to keep warm air indoors.
* Check your air filter once a month. Replace dirty filters regularly.
* Ensure that your home has proper insulation in walls, ceilings and floors.
* Storm windows and doors prevent warm air from escaping.
* Keep your fireplace damper closed when not in use.
* Keep your thermostat at the lowest temperature comfortable for you.
* Avoid opening and closing doors. Cold air enters and the heated air escapes.
* Turn lights off when you leave a room.
* Use a timer or motion detector for outdoor lighting to turn it off when not needed.
* Keep your light fixtures clean.
* Fluorescent bulbs last 10 times longer and use 75% less electricity.
* Use your microwave when possible to heat food rather than your stove or oven.
* Make sure your oven door and refrigerator doors seal when closed.
* Make sure you turn off your oven and stove top after cooking.
* Using a small pan on a large burner wastes energy and can be a safety hazard.
* Cooking with a lid on your pan, keeps the heat inside and speeds up cooking time.
* Use a toaster oven to cook small items.
* Avoid opening the oven door while cooking. It lowers the oven temperature.
* Avoid running the dishwasher until it is full.
* Open the dishwasher after the rinse cycle and let your dishes air dry instead of using the heated drying cycle.
* Check your refrigerator door seal to ensure that the door does not leak cold air.
* Clean refrigerator condenser coils in the back and bottom to increase efficiency.
* Be careful not to block the freezer fan that allows cold air to circulate.
* Refrigerator temperature should be 36-38 degrees.
* Refrigerator freezer temperature should be 0-5 degrees.
* If possible, locate your refrigerator away from heating vents.
* Insulate your water heater and hot water pipes.
* Lower your water heater temperature. 110 to 120 degrees is sufficient.
* Use a "flow control" device on your showerheads and sink faucets to regulate hot water usage.
* Avoid washing clothes until you have a full load.
* Use a cold water detergent. The temperature of the water used during the rinse cycle will not make your clothes any cleaner.
* Dry laundry loads one immediately after the other to use left over heat efficiently.
* By reducing drying time, you can save energy and extend the life of your fabrics.
* Moisture sensing dryers shut off automatically when your clothes are dry.
* Clean out the dryer lint filter often to ensure proper air flow and shorter dry times.
* Turn your computer off at night.
* If you have a pool, set the pump to the minimum time required for the time of year. You do not need to run the pump as long in the winter as you do in the summer.
* Consider a solar heater for your pool.
* Turn off the hot tub when not in use.
* Unplug cell phones, cameras, lap tops, etc. when charged.
Here's our Top 10 list of actions for individuals, organizations and businesses to take as a first step in reducing your contribution to global warming. Send us an email with a pledge of the actions you can commit to right now and begin your journey to save the earth. The time to act is now.
There are now highly efficient compact fluorescent light bulbs (CFLs) that last for years, use a third of the energy of regular bulbs and actually produce more light. Look for the government's ENERGY STAR label, which means the bulb has been tested for quality and efficiency. While each ENERGY STAR qualified bulb can cost more initially - anywhere from $4 to $15 a piece - remember that there are two price tags: what you pay at the register and what you pay in energy costs over the bulb's lifetime. You may pay more up front, but you will actually save hundreds of dollars in your household budget over the long term because of their long life. Five ENERGY STAR light bulbs will save your household at least $150 over their lifetime.
Here's the impact. If every household in the U.S. replaced a burned-out bulb with an energy-efficient, ENERGY STAR qualified compact fluorescent bulb, the cumulative effect is enormous. It would prevent greenhouse gas emissions equivalent to that from nearly 800,000 cars. It would also save enough energy to light 2.5 million homes for a year.
The sad truth is that a gas guzzler emits as much CO2 as some homes! That's the bad news. The good news is that anything you can do to improve the fuel efficiency of your car will have an impact. On average, a passenger car emits 11,400 pounds of CO2 each year while a home emits 9,000 pounds of CO2 per person each year in the United States.
Horribly inefficient SUVs, minivans and pickup trucks now make up more than half of the cars on American roads. The real tragedy is that automakers could double the current average fuel efficiency of SUVs if they wanted. Even improving fuel economy from 20 miles-per-gallon to 25 miles-per-gallon would prevent 10 tons of CO2 from being released over a vehicle's lifetime.
Buying a fuel-efficient car (like a Hybrid) is wonderful. In fact, replacing your gas-guzzling car with a fuel-efficient one is by far the best thing you can do, out of all your choices. But not all of us can do that - at least, not right now. So, in the interim, there are things you can do with the car you drive now to conserve energy and be more fuel-efficient.
Drive less. Every year, Americans as a whole drive more miles than they did the year before. Stop this trend. Telecommuting and public transportation are great options. Leaving your car at home two days a week will reduce your CO2 emissions by 1,590 pounds a year. Even piling multiple errands into one trip helps and if you can walk instead of drive, even better.
Get your car tuned up. Just a simple tune-up often improves fuel efficiency. Studies have shown that a poorly tuned engine can increase fuel consumption by as much as 10-20 percent.
Slow down, don't race your car's engine, and watch your idling. All of these save on gas (saving you money) and have a big impact on burning gasoline. You can save gas by turning the engine off and restarting it again if you expect to idle for more than 30 seconds.
The bad news is that about 42 percent of your household energy costs go toward just two things - heating and cooling. The good news is that means you have a lot of room to make a difference and even small changes can make dramatic improvements in household fuel efficiency.
Tune up your heating system. By keeping your furnace clean, lubricated and properly adjusted, you can save up to 5 percent in heating costs.
Clean vents, close unused vents, and change filters in the vents. Again, just these simple things will save you up to 5 percent in costs.
Buy a programmable thermostat, which can regulate different temperatures at different times of the day. And if you have one, use it! These thermostats reduce energy use by 5-30 percent and save you $100-$150 in energy costs each year.
If one in 10 households serviced heating and cooling systems annually, cleaned or replaced filters regularly, used a programmable thermostat and replaced old equipment with ENERGY STAR models it would prevent the emissions of more than 17 billion pounds of greenhouse gases.
Add two degrees to the AC thermostat in summer, and two degrees in winter. If everyone did this, the cumulative impact is significant.
Make sure windows and doors are sealed. Again, this will dramatically improve your household fuel efficiency. Sealing air leaks and adding insulation can reduce your annual energy bill by 10 percent.
Of course, if you can stand it, by far the best approach is to avoid using air conditioners. Ceiling fans use 80 percent less energy than central air conditioners. By only using ceiling fans you can reduce your annual cooling costs by 10-65 percent. In warm weather run the fan blades in a counter-clockwise direction to feel 5 degrees cooler. During the winter set the fan blades to rotate clockwise at a low speed to force warm air from the ceiling down into the living space.
Did you know that your friendly refrigerator has a voracious energy appetite? It is the biggest consumer of electricity among household appliances and responsible for 10-15 percent of the electricity you use each year.
Older refrigerators, as a rule, are far less efficient than the newest ones - as much as 50 percent less efficient. But buying a brand-new, energy-efficient refrigerator is not always in the cards for most of us. Fortunately, other things will help.
Don't set the thermostat too high. Lowering the temperature even 1 degree will make a big difference.
If your refrigerator is near a heating vent, or always in the sun, then change the location, cover up the heating vent near it or cover the window.
Clean the condenser coil. This one, very simple thing can improve the efficiency of your refrigerator reducing your annual energy costs by $20.
Get rid of your second refrigerator. If you don't need it, don't waste the energy.
Either turn the hot water heater down to 120 degrees, or turn on the "energy conservation" setting. Some manufacturers set water heater thermostats at 140 degrees when most households only require them at 120 or 115 degrees. For each 10 degrees reduction in water temperature, you can save 3-5 percent in energy costs.
Buy insulation at a local store and insulate your hot water heater and pipes.
Install a timer on your water heater to turn off at night and on just before you wake up in the morning.
When possible, wash a few dishes by hand. Over time, that will save a few loads in the dishwasher, conserving energy.
Don't pre-rinse dishes. Today's detergents are powerful enough to do the job.
Wash clothes in warm water, not hot. Ninety percent of the energy used in operating a washing machine goes toward heating the water that washes and rinses the clothes. The clothes will be just as clean, and you'll cut energy use.
While it is true that planting more trees will help in the short term because they essentially soak up carbon, they also release carbon dioxide when they die. So it just postpones the problem. But there are other reasons to plant trees - as wind breaks to save energy, and as shade to lower cooling costs. And even the short-term help while we get our act together is a good thing.
As for plants, do everything you can in your yard and garden to create ways in which plants use less water. Choose hardier plants, plant things in groups that need more water and put in mulch to help keep moisture in. When you mow your grass, make sure you do it smartly - with sharp blades, and only when the grass needs cutting. Finally, make sure you water your lawn sparingly. All of these will conserve energy.
Imagine if we ran out of fossil fuels tomorrow, what would we do? Well, we'd get our electricity from renewable energy, such as solar panels, geothermal and wind power sources. Many utilities now give consumers the option to buy "green power." Ask for it!
Learn the truth about nuclear power and natural gas as viable "green" options. They aren't. Radioactive waste will be a problem for tens of thousands of years into the future. Even though natural gas emits half as much CO2 as coal, it is still responsible for 20 percent of CO2 emissions in the United States while only providing us with around 23 percent of the energy consumed. Natural gas can help us make a transition, but it isn't the solution.
Finally, invest in green stocks and renewable energy companies through socially responsible funds. They perform just as well (if not better) than all of the unfiltered funds.
Even with our vast reservoir of scientific knowledge about farming, most American farmers still spray a billion pounds of pesticides to protect crops each year.
Now here's the kicker: when chemical pesticides are used to kill pests, they can also kill microorganisms that keep carbon contained in the soil. When the microorganisms are gone, the carbon is released into the atmosphere as CO2. And when those organisms are gone, the soil is no longer naturally fertile and chemical fertilizers become a necessity, not a luxury.
Eat locally grown food. If the food doesn't have to travel far, there's less CO2 from the trucks that ship it.
Eat fruits and vegetables in season. Again, that saves the enormous transportation costs.
This may sound simple, but it takes less energy to manufacture a recycled product than a brand new one. So if you and every other consumer buy recycled products, you'll help create a market, and conserve energy along the way.
Because many manufacturers don't go out of their way to tout their recycled products, you should know that aluminum and tin cans, glass containers, and pulp cardboard have a fair amount of recycled content. So buy away!
Recycled products can often be considerably cheaper than non-recycled products. Most recycled paper products are of comparable quality and cost competitive with virgin paper products.
Finally, before you buy, check to see if the product or its packaging can be recycled. The recyclable logo (three arrows forming a triangle) is fairly common now.
We know it's difficult, but in today's consumer economy, an easy way to conserve energy is to simply use - and buy -- less. Every time you buy something, energy has gone into getting that product to you. So the less you buy, the more you save energy-wise. It's a simple equation.
This last item on our Top Ten list may, in fact, be the single biggest way to make a dent in the global warming problem. Again, we know it sounds obvious, but buying less things - some of which you just don't need - changes the energy equation across the board, on every single consumer product. If everyone used less, the impact would be large indeed.
Buy in bulk. In short, bulk items use less packaging, which translates into less energy.
Buy one of something, not 21 of something. You don't need 21 pairs of shoes, if one pair works just as well.
Go through your closet. Donate or recycle what you really don't need, then make a pledge not to replace everything you just got rid of.
Buy quality products that will last longer. Over time, you'll obviously buy fewer products that way.
Be creative in what you use for work, play and leisure. You don't always have to buy new products for activities. Re-use in creative ways.
Well, that's it - Earth Day Network's Top 10. As we said at the start, if just a third of us in the United States follow through on most of what's on this list, we can all collectively make a difference - and keep greenhouse gas emissions where they might otherwise be if the U.S. government stepped in and imposed mandatory CO2 caps and fuel-efficiency standards.


text:
About Prime Hospital
Risk Policy
Dr. Sucheta Jagdish
Dr. Sucheta Jagdish | Radiology & Imaging
Dr. Sucheta has graduated from the prestigious Grand Medical College, Bombay (JJ Hospital Group) She completed her post graduation from the same institute and went on to work as a lecturer in the CT scan department of the reputed King Edward Memorial Hospital, Bombay. She also worked in the CT scan unit of Masina Hospital, Bombay and in the MRI department of Nanavati Hospital, Bombay. She was working in Jeddah, KSA for four years in a leading private hospital in her UAE stint; she has headed the radiology department of a JCI- accredited leading private hospital for three years, before joining the prime group in December 2009. She has experience of working with all the recent advances in diagnostic imaging
All types of Ultrasound scans including Doppler studies.
Fluoroscopic and guided procedures.
Conventional x-ray imaging with procedures like HSG
● Graduated from the prestigious Grand Medical College, Bombay (JJ Hospital Group)
● Completed her post-graduation from the same institute and went on to work as a lecturer in the CT scan department of the reputed King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai
● Worked in the CT scan unit of Masina Hospital and in the MRI department of Nanavati Hospital, Mumbai
● Worked in Jeddah, KSA for 4 years in a leading private hospital
● Headed the radiology department of a JCI- accredited leading private hospital for 3 years
● Has experience of working with all the recent advances in diagnostic imaging


OPTION #1 *CUSTOMERS FAVOURITE CHOICE!
which that would be a customized 7 day meal plan that we would be looking at all aspects of your mom live and making sure that your eating in a way that fits your goals and family.
Lots of delicious recipes that your kids and family will love too.
a customized meal plan that we would be looking at all aspects of your #MOMLIFE and making sure that your eating in a way that fits your goals and family.
We do weekly LIVE check-ins to make sure you're hitting your goal.
Workouts are customized to your goals and most importantly your TIME!
$200CAD ONE ON ONE 4 weeks	Get Started Now!
$159CAD per Month	Get Started Now!
$120CAD MEAL PLAN + 4 WEEK VIRTUAL TRAINING TRIAL	Get Started Now!


text:
The Hilarious World of Depression® with John Moe
Episode #3: Sam Grittner Finds a Funny Thing Happened On the Way to Suicide
December 26, 2016 · 39:33
It was an otherwise ordinary May morning when Sam decided it was the right time to die. In some ways it was a surprising decision. He had managed to kick most of the substance abuse problems that he had wrestled with for years. Oxy, ecstasy, crack, heroin, and booze were no longer part of his life. Depression was still there, though, and so was a lot of frustration about his comedy career and personal life. So he went for it and swallowed more pills than he would ever need to kill himself. Then something else happened.
John Moe
A show about clinical depression...with laughs? Well, yeah. Depression is an incredibly common and isolating disease experienced by millions, yet often stigmatized by society. The Hilarious World of Depression is a series of frank, moving, and, yes, funny conversations with top comedians who have dealt with this disease, hosted by veteran humorist and public radio host John Moe. Join guests such as Maria Bamford, Paul F. Tompkins, Andy Richter, and Jen Kirkman to learn how they've dealt with depression and managed to laugh along the way. If you have not met the disease personally, it's almost certain that someone you know has, whether it's a friend, family member, colleague, or neighbor. Depression is a vicious cycle of solitude and stigma that leaves people miserable and sometimes dead. Frankly, we're not going to put up with that anymore. The Hilarious World of Depression is not medical treatment and should not be seen as a substitute for therapy or medication. But it is a chance to gain some insight, have a few laughs, and realize that people with depression are not alone and that together, we can all feel a bit better.
May is Mental Health Awareness Month. Support our show and our community – GIVE NOW.
Find The Hilarious World of Depression on Twitter and Facebook.
Questions? Feedback? Story to Share? Contact us.
The Hilarious World of Depression is made possible by a grant from HealthPartners and its Make It OK campaign, which works to reduce the stigma of mental health. Find out more at www.makeitok.org.
Subscribe/listen at Apple Podcasts, TuneIn, iHeartRadio, Google Play Music, Stitcher, or Radio Public.
Episode #2: Maria Bamford Talks Bipolar II While Her Pugs Eat Nilla Wafers
Episode #4: Dick Cavett Tells Tales of Hollywood's Secret Shame


text:
Mechanisms of Resistance
Molecular Characterization of Isoniazid Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Identification of a Novel Mutation in inhA
E. T. Y. Leung, P. L. Ho, K. Y. Yuen, W. L. Woo, T. H. Lam, R. Y. Kao, W. H. Seto, W. C. Yam
E. T. Y. Leung
Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
P. L. Ho
K. Y. Yuen
W. L. Woo
T. H. Lam
R. Y. Kao
W. H. Seto
W. C. Yam
For correspondence: wcyam@hkucc.hku.hk
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.50.3.1075-1078.2006
Multiplex allele-specific PCRs detecting katG codon 315 and mabA (bp −15) mutations could specifically identify 77.5% of isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in the South China region. One clinical isolate harboring InhA Ile194Thr was characterized to show strong association with isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health issue in many parts of the world (20). The situation is further complicated by the emergence of multidrug-resistant TB (18). Multidrug-resistant TB is recognized as infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to at least isoniazid (INH) and rifampin. Mutations in dispersed gene loci including katG (catalase-peroxidase), the promoter region of ahpC (alkyl hydroperoxidase), inhA (enoyl-acyl reductase), kasA (β-ketoacyl ACP synthase), mabA (3-ketoacyl reductase), and ndh (NADH dehydrogenase) have been found to be associated with INH resistance (2, 4, 7, 10-11, 22). Our previous study using PCR with restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) to detect the KatG amino acid substitution Ser315Thr successfully identified 51% of INHR M. tuberculosis strains among 375 clinical isolates from the South China region (9). In the present study, a multiplex allele-specific PCR (MAS-PCR) was used to detect mutations in mabA (bp −15) of our clinical isolates. The potential use of mabA and katG MAS-PCRs (12) for rapid diagnosis of INHR M. tuberculosis was evaluated. INHR isolates negative for katG 315 alterations were subsequently subjected to DNA sequencing of various gene loci associated with INH resistance. A novel mutation in inhA was characterized to elucidate non-katG-related resistance mechanisms.
Three hundred seventy-five M. tuberculosis isolates collected from patients suffering from tuberculosis in Hong Kong and the South China region between 1999 and 2002 were tested for susceptibility to the antimycobacterial agent INH by using 7H10 medium containing INH at 0.2 or 1.0 μg/ml (9, 13). Mycobacterial DNA was extracted as described previously (19).
The KatG MAS-PCR protocol was essentially adopted from the work of Mokrousov et al. (12). A mutation at codon 315 would yield an amplicon of 435 bp (Fig. 1a), and wild-type katG would yield a smaller amplicon of 293 bp. For mabA MAS-PCR, 30 pmol of each of the designed primers MabA−115F (5′-ACAAACGTCACGAGCGTAACC-3′), MabA+4R (5′-TCACCCCGAGAHCCTATCG-3′), and MabA+336R (5′-GTTGGCGTTGATGACCTTCTC-3′) was used with the same cycling conditions as those for katG MAS-PCR. For wild-type strains, two fragments of 451 bp and 119 bp were amplified, while a single 451-bp fragment was amplified for mutants (Fig. 1b). Performance of mabA MAS-PCR was verified by DNA sequencing of 100 randomly selected isolates (50 susceptible and 50 resistant) using an ABI3700 genetic sequencer (Applied Biosystems) as described previously (21). Sequencing primers used for different gene loci are listed in Table 1.
Both wild-type and Ile194Thr InhA proteins were expressed for kinetic analysis using the pET-15b expression vector (Novagen, Madison, Wis.) and Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) as the host. All kinetic reactions were carried out in 30 mM piperazine-N,N′-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid) (PIPES) buffer, pH 6.8, using 2-trans-hexadecenyl coenzyme A as a substrate, at 25°C (3, 14). Following NADH oxidation at A340, steady-state Km values for NADH were determined with variable concentrations of NADH at fixed saturating concentrations of the substrate. The experiment was repeated with three separate preparations of purified recombinant proteins. Data were fitted to a Michaelis-Menten equation and plotted in Lineweaver-Burk reciprocal form with GraphPad Prism v4.0 software to generate estimates of Km and Vmax values.
Among 375 clinical isolates, 371 were successfully amplified by katG and mabA MAS-PCR assays. Four INHR isolates previously identified as catalase negative (9) were positive only by mabA MAS-PCR. Fifty-two of the 102 resistant isolates exhibited katG codon 315 alteration (Fig. 2a). The remaining 50 resistant isolates, as well as the 273 susceptible isolates, showed no mutation in katG codon 315. The findings completely agree with our previous antimycobacterial susceptibility testing, PCR-RFLP, and DNA sequencing results (9). With mabA MAS-PCR, 32 of 102 resistant isolates were identified as having a mutation in mabA bp −15 (Fig. 2b). The remaining 70 resistant isolates and the 273 susceptible isolates exhibited no mutation in the corresponding region. The results also agree with DNA sequencing results of 100 randomly selected isolates (50 resistant and 50 susceptible). Further analysis revealed that 79 (77.5%) resistant isolates carried one or both of the mutations with 100% specificity. The remaining 22.5% may harbor mutations in other regions of katG and inhA associated with INH resistance. A similar attempt by Herrera-León et al. using MAS-PCR identified 68.4% of Inhr strains in Spain (6).
DNA sequencing of various gene loci for the 50 INHR isolates negative for katG codon 315 alteration revealed single point mutations in eight catalase-positive and INHR isolates, among which seven strains exhibited point mutations upstream of ahpC, with the DNA sequence of the coding region unaltered. Previous studies showed that mutations in promoter regions of ahpC in INH-resistant M. tuberculosis could overexpress alkyl hydroperoxidase to combat oxidative damage. Such overexpression does not directly relate to the initiation of INH resistance (1, 5, 8).
The MIC of INH for the last strain was >1.0 μg/ml, and there was a point mutation at bp 581 of inhA (GenBank accession no. AF06077) causing the amino acid substitution Ile194Thr (ATC→ACC). Compared with wild-type InhA of H37Rv (ATCC 27294), purified protein with Ile194Thr showed a 5-fold increase in Km without a significant increase (1.3-fold only) in Vmax (Table 2 and Fig. 3). The high Km suggested that under cellular concentrations of NADH, Ile194Thr affects the binding of NADH to the enzyme and decreases the rate of reaction. Unless a very high concentration of NADH is available, which is unlikely, since the cellular concentration of NADH is less than 10 μM (14), the reaction rate cannot be raised to normal wild-type levels. This finding is also consistent with previous X-ray crystallography data (http://au.expasy.org) showing that isoleucine 194 lies within the binding cleft of the enzyme and in close proximity with the oxygen atom of NADH (16). It is likely that isoleucine 194 participates in hydrogen bonding with the docked NADH. Recently, molecular dynamics simulations also showed Ile194 as 1 of the 10 most important amino acid residues making conserved H bonds with NADH cofactor in wild-type InhA protein (17). It is quite likely that substitution of the isoleucine alkyl chain with a hydroxyl group of threonine disrupts the hydrogen bond pattern around NADH and reduces the affinity of NADH to InhA. Subsequently, a larger proportion of the cellular InhA molecules would be left in the non-NADH-bound form as a result of the lowered affinity. According to Rozwarski et al. (16), InhA in its NADH-bound form is more susceptible to the attack of activated INH than in its free molecule form. A lowered affinity of NADH therefore protects most of the InhA molecules from INH. Alternatively, if Ile194Thr InhA has a decreased affinity with NADH, its affinity with NADH-isonicotinic adduct will also be reduced. According to Rawat et al. (15), activated INH can bind with free NADH, forming an adduct molecule to block the enzymatic reaction of InhA even if InhA is in its non-NADH-bound form. Lowered affinity with NADH-isonicotinic adduct promotes the release of the adduct from the enzyme and allows normal substrate catalysis to proceed. Either scenario could result in INH resistance in this mutant with a wild-type katG sequence.
This study evaluated a MAS-PCR protocol suitable for rapid diagnosis of INHR M. tuberculosis. The enzyme kinetics study of an Ile194Thr mutant opens a path to better understanding of the molecular basis of non-katG-related INH resistance mechanisms.
Schematic diagrams of KatG (a) and MabA (b) MAS-PCRs.
MAS-PCR for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (a) Gel electrophoresis patterns of katG MAS-PCR for M. tuberculosis. Lanes: 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, and 11, strains with katG 315 alteration; 1, 2, 3, 8, and 10, strains with the katG 315 wild-type allele; 12, M. tuberculosis H37Rv; 13, sterile distilled water; M, GeneRuler 100-bp DNA ladder. (b) Gel electrophoresis patterns of mabA MAS-PCR for M. tuberculosis. Lanes: 1, 5, 6, 8, and 9, strains with a −15 C→T substitution in the promoter region of the mabA gene; 2, 3, 4, 7, and 10, strains with the mabA −15 wild-type allele; 11, M. tuberculosis H37Rv; 12, sterile distilled water; M, GeneRuler 100-bp DNA ladder.
Enzyme kinetics determination for the InhA protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (a) Michaelis-Menten plot of kinetic data; (b) Lineweaver-Burk reciprocal plot of kinetic data.
Primers used for DNA sequencing
Steady-state kinetic parameters of Mycobacterium tuberculosis wild-type and mutant InhA
This work is supported by research grants from the Research Fund for Control of Infectious Diseases of the Health, Welfare, and Food Bureau of the Hong Kong SAR Government.
Returned for modification 25 October 2005.
Accepted 8 December 2005.
Baker, L. V., T. J. Brown, O. Maxwell, A. L. Gibson, Z. Fang, M. D. Yates, and F. A. Drobniewski. 2005. Molecular analysis of isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from England and Wales reveals the phylogenetic significance of the ahpC −46A polymorphism. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49:1455-1464.
Banerjee, A., E. Dubnau, A. Quemard, V. Balasubramanian, K. S. Um, T. Wilson, D. Collins, G. de Lisle, and W. R. Jacobs, Jr. 1994. inhA, a gene encoding a target for isoniazid and ethionamide in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Science 263:227-230.
Basso, L. A., R. Zheng, J. M. Musser, W. R. Jacobs, Jr., and J. S. Blanchard. 1998. Mechanisms of isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: enzymatic characterization of enoyl reductase mutants identified in isoniazid-resistant clinical isolates. J. Infect. Dis. 178:769-775.
Ducasse-Cabanot, S., M. Cohen-Gonsaud, H. Marrakchi, M. Nguyen, D. Zerbib, J. Bernadou, M. Daffe, G. Labesse, and A. Quemard. 2004. In vitro inhibition of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein reductase MabA by isoniazid. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48:242-249.
Gomes-Guimaraes, B., H. Souchon, N. Honore, B. Saint-Joanis, R. Brosch, W. Shepard, S. T. Cole, and P. M. Alzari. 2005. Structure and mechanism of the alkyl hydroperoxidase AhpC, a key element of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis defense system against oxidative stress. J. Biol. Chem. 280:25735-25742.
Herrera-León, L., T. Molina, P. Saíz, J. A. Sáez-Nieto, and M. Soledad Jiménez. 2005. New multiplex PCR for rapid detection of isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49:144-147.
Kelley, C. L., D. A. Rouse, and S. L. Morris. 1997. Analysis of ahpC gene mutations in isoniazid-resistant clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 41:2057-2058.
Koshkin, A., X. T. Zhou, C. N. Kraus, J. M. Brenner, P. Bandyopadhyay, I. D. Kuntz, C. E. Barry III, and P. R. Ortiz de Montellano. 2004. Inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis AhpD, an element of the peroxiredoxin defense against oxidative stress. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48:2424-2430.
Leung, E. T., K. M. Kam, A. Chiu, P. L. Ho, W. H. Seto, K. Y. Yuen, and W. C. Yam. 2003. Detection of katG Ser315Thr substitution in respiratory specimens from patients with isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis using PCR-RFLP. J. Med. Microbiol. 52:999-1003.
Mdluli, K., R. A. Slayden, Y. Zhu, S. Ramaswamy, X. Pan, D. Mead, D. D. Crane, J. M. Musser, and C. E. Barry III. 1998. Inhibition of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis β-ketoacyl ACP synthase by isoniazid. Science 280:1607-1610.
Miesel, L., T. R. Weisbrod, J. A. Marcinkeviciene, R. Bittman, and W. R. Jacobs, Jr. 1998. NADH dehydrogenase defects confer isoniazid resistance and conditional lethality in Mycobacterium smegmatis. J. Bacteriol. 180:2459-2467.
Mokrousov, I., T. Otten, M. Filipenko, A. Vyazovaya, E. Chrapov, E. Limeschenko, L. Steklova, B. Vyshnevskiy, and O. Narvskaya. 2002. Detection of isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains by a multiplex allele-specific PCR assay targeting katG codon 315 variation. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40:2509-2512.
NCCLS. 2000. Susceptibility testing of mycobacteria, nocardia and other aerobic actinomycetes. Tentative standard MT24-T2, vol. 20, 26. NCCLS, Wayne, Pa.
Quémard, A., J. C. Sacchettini, A. Dessen, C. Vilchèzes, R. Bittman, W. R. Jacobs, Jr., and J. S. Blanchard. 1995. Enzymatic characterization of the target for isoniazid in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Biochemistry 34:8235-8241.
Rawat, R., A. Whitty, and P. J. Tonge. 2003. The isoniazid-NAD adduct is a slow, tight-binding inhibitor of InhA, the Mycobacterium tuberculosis enoyl reductase: adduct affinity and drug resistance. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100:13881-13886.
Rozwarski, D. A., G. A. Grant, D. H. R. Barton, W. R. Jacobs, Jr., and J. C. Sacchettini. 1998. Modification of the NADH of the isoniazid target (InhA) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Science 279:98-102.
Schroeder, E. K., L. A. Basso, D. S. Santos, and O. N. de Souza. 2005. Molecular dynamics simulation studies of the wild-type, I21V, and I16T mutants of isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis enoyl reductase (InhA) in complex with NADH: toward the understanding of NADH-InhA different affinities. Biophys. J. 89:876-884.
Toungoussova, O., P. Sandven, A. Mariandyshev, N. Nizovtseva, G. Bjune, and D. A. Caugant. 2002. Spread of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains of the Beijing genotype in the Archangel Oblast, Russia. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40:1930-1937.
Woo, P. C., K. H. Ng, S. K. Lau, K. T. Yip, A. M. Fung, K. W. Leung, D. M. Tam, T. L. Que, and K. Y. Yuen. 2003. Usefulness of the MicroSeq 500 16S ribosomal DNA-based bacterial identification system for identification of clinically significant bacterial isolates with ambiguous biochemical profiles. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41:1996-2001.
World Health Organization. 2005. Global tuberculosis control—surveillance, planning, financing. WHO/HTM/TB/2005.349. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Yam, W. C., C. M. Tam, C. C. Leung, H. L. Tong, K. H. Chan, E. T. Leung, K. C. Wong, W. W. Yew, W. H. Seto, K. Y. Yuen, and P. L. Ho. 2004. Direct detection of rifampin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in respiratory specimens by PCR-DNA sequencing. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42:4438-4443.
Zhang, Y., B. Heym, B. Allen, D. Young, and S. Cole. 1992. The catalase-peroxidase gene and isoniazid resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nature 358:591-593.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Feb 2006, 50 (3) 1075-1078; DOI: 10.1128/AAC.50.3.1075-1078.2006
You are going to email the following Molecular Characterization of Isoniazid Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Identification of a Novel Mutation in inhA


Install Parallels Desktop for Mac (or similar virtualization software) before installing Excel for Windows (see www.parallels.com).
Step-by-step instructions for both of these options are provided below.
From a usage perspective, the primary difference between these methods is that using Boot Camp requires that you boot up your Mac using either Windows or Mac OS, meaning that you cannot switch between Windows and Mac OS applications without rebooting your computer.
From a performance perspective, we have found that the Boot Camp method tends to be better when building large models as Parallels can be quite memory intensive. Boot Camp will not affect the performance of your Mac when using OS, so there's no need to worry about that side of things.
Both of these methods will require you to purchase Windows 10 an Office 365 subscription (which includes the latest version of Excel). The Boot Camp method is cheaper, because Boot Camp is freely included on all recent Macs, while Parallels Desktop requires the purchase of an annual subscription.
Purchase Microsoft Windows from the Microsoft Online Store. Modano works on all versions of Windows so choose the one most suitable to your needs and budget.
Install Windows Using Boot Camp. We usually partition our hard drives 50/50 Mac/Windows, although it doesn't make a huge difference how you balance it out. It really depends on where you expect to save the most files. Either way, you'll have quite a few GB of storage available to allocate.
Install Microsoft Excel for Windows. Log in to your Office 365 account and download the latest Excel 2016 desktop installer. You should get 5 installations.
Download and install the Modano Excel add-in.
Going forward, use the Boot Camp Assistant to select the default to start up disk for your computer (i.e. Mac or Windows). You can then hold down the Option key when you turn on your Mac to be provided with an option as to which disk you would like to use. We usually default our Macs to Windows and use the Option key when we want to boot Mac, but you can do the opposite if you like.
Contact us if you have any questions or require support.
By default the function keys Macs implement special features, such as changing the screen brightness and speaker volume. Standard function key behaviour can be forced by holding down the Fn key before pressing the F1 - F9 function, but this can be annoying when using common functions Microsoft Excel such as enter formula edit mode (F2) and manual calculate (F9).
After doing this, the function keys on your Mac will operate as you're used to them operating on Windows-based computers.
Purchase Parallels Desktop for Mac from the Parallels website and follow the instructions to install this program on your Mac.
Install Windows On Your Mac using Parallels desktop by following the instructions on the Parallels website.
Install Excel to Windows virtual machine by following the instructions on the Parallels website.
See the Frequently Asked Questions on the Parallels website for more information.
Going forward, Excel will run within a Windows virtual machine within your Mac OS like your other Mac applications.


text:
namespace TraktApiSharp.Tests.Objects.Authentication.Implementations
{
    using FluentAssertions;
    using System;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    using TestUtils;
    using Traits;
    using TraktApiSharp.Enums;
    using TraktApiSharp.Objects.Authentication;
    using TraktApiSharp.Objects.Authentication.Json.Reader;
    using Xunit;

    [Category("Objects.Authentication.Implementations")]
    public class TraktAuthorization_Tests
    {
        private static readonly DateTime s_timestampOriginPlusCurrent = new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc).AddSeconds(1506271312);
        private const string ACCESS_TOKEN = "accessToken";
        private const string REFRESH_TOKEN = "refreshToken";
        private const uint EXPIRES_IN_SECONDS = 7776000;
        private static readonly DateTime s_createdAt = DateTime.UtcNow;
        private static readonly ulong s_createdAtTimestamp = TestUtility.CalculateTimestamp(s_createdAt);

        [Fact]
        public void Test_TraktAuthorization_Default_Constructor()
        {
            var traktAuthorization = new TraktAuthorization();

            traktAuthorization.AccessToken.Should().BeNull();
            traktAuthorization.RefreshToken.Should().BeNull();
            traktAuthorization.Scope.Should().BeNull();
            traktAuthorization.ExpiresInSeconds.Should().Be(0U);
            traktAuthorization.TokenType.Should().BeNull();
            traktAuthorization.CreatedAtTimestamp.Should().Be(0UL);
            traktAuthorization.IsExpired.Should().BeTrue();
            traktAuthorization.IsValid.Should().BeFalse();
            traktAuthorization.IsRefreshPossible.Should().BeFalse();
            traktAuthorization.CreatedAt.Should().Be(default(DateTime));
            traktAuthorization.IgnoreExpiration.Should().BeFalse();
        }

        [Fact]
        public async Task Test_TraktAuthorization_From_Json()
        {
            var jsonReader = new AuthorizationObjectJsonReader();
            var traktAuthorization = await jsonReader.ReadObjectAsync(JSON) as TraktAuthorization;

            traktAuthorization.Should().NotBeNull();
            traktAuthorization.AccessToken.Should().Be("dbaf9757982a9e738f05d249b7b5b4a266b3a139049317c4909f2f263572c781");
            traktAuthorization.RefreshToken.Should().Be("76ba4c5c75c96f6087f58a4de10be6c00b29ea1ddc3b2022ee2016d1363e3a7c");
            traktAuthorization.TokenType.Should().Be(TraktAccessTokenType.Bearer);
            traktAuthorization.ExpiresInSeconds.Should().Be(7776000U);
            traktAuthorization.Scope.Should().Be(TraktAccessScope.Public);
            traktAuthorization.CreatedAtTimestamp.Should().Be(s_createdAtTimestamp);
            traktAuthorization.CreatedAt.Should().Be(new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc).AddSeconds(s_createdAtTimestamp));
            traktAuthorization.IsExpired.Should().BeFalse();
            traktAuthorization.IsValid.Should().BeTrue();
            traktAuthorization.IsRefreshPossible.Should().BeTrue();
            traktAuthorization.IgnoreExpiration.Should().BeFalse();
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Test_TraktAuthorization_IsValid()
        {
            var traktAuthorization = new TraktAuthorization();

            traktAuthorization.IsValid.Should().BeFalse();

            traktAuthorization.AccessToken = string.Empty;
            traktAuthorization.IsValid.Should().BeFalse();

            traktAuthorization.AccessToken = "access token";
            traktAuthorization.IsValid.Should().BeFalse();

            traktAuthorization.AccessToken = "accessToken";
            traktAuthorization.IsValid.Should().BeTrue();
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Test_TraktAuthorization_IsRefreshPossible()
        {
            var traktAuthorization = new TraktAuthorization();

            traktAuthorization.IsRefreshPossible.Should().BeFalse();

            traktAuthorization.RefreshToken = string.Empty;
            traktAuthorization.IsRefreshPossible.Should().BeFalse();

            traktAuthorization.RefreshToken = "refresh token";
            traktAuthorization.IsRefreshPossible.Should().BeFalse();

            traktAuthorization.RefreshToken = "refreshToken";
            traktAuthorization.IsRefreshPossible.Should().BeTrue();
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Test_TraktAuthorization_IsExpired()
        {
            var origin = new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc);
            DateTime utcNow = DateTime.UtcNow;
            const long ticksPerSecond = TimeSpan.TicksPerSecond;
            long utcNowSeconds = utcNow.Ticks / ticksPerSecond;
            long originSeconds = origin.Ticks / ticksPerSecond;
            long differenceSeconds = utcNowSeconds - originSeconds;

            var traktAuthorization = new TraktAuthorization
            {
                CreatedAtTimestamp = (ulong)differenceSeconds
            };

            traktAuthorization.IsExpired.Should().BeTrue();

            traktAuthorization.AccessToken = string.Empty;
            traktAuthorization.IsExpired.Should().BeTrue();

            traktAuthorization.AccessToken = "access token";
            traktAuthorization.IsExpired.Should().BeTrue();

            traktAuthorization.AccessToken = "accessToken";
            traktAuthorization.IsExpired.Should().BeTrue();

            traktAuthorization.ExpiresInSeconds = 1;
            traktAuthorization.IsExpired.Should().BeFalse();
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Test_TraktAuthorization_IsExpired_With_IgnoreExpiration()
        {
            var traktAuthorization = new TraktAuthorization
            {
                IgnoreExpiration = true,
                ExpiresInSeconds = 0
            };

            traktAuthorization.IsExpired.Should().BeTrue();

            traktAuthorization.AccessToken = string.Empty;
            traktAuthorization.IsExpired.Should().BeTrue();

            traktAuthorization.AccessToken = "access token";
            traktAuthorization.IsExpired.Should().BeTrue();

            traktAuthorization.AccessToken = "accessToken";
            traktAuthorization.IsExpired.Should().BeFalse();
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Test_TraktAuthorization_CreatedAt()
        {
            var traktAuthorization = new TraktAuthorization();

            traktAuthorization.CreatedAt.Should().Be(default(DateTime));

            traktAuthorization.CreatedAtTimestamp = 1506271312;
            traktAuthorization.CreatedAt.Should().Be(s_timestampOriginPlusCurrent);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Test_TraktAuthorization_ToString()
        {
            var origin = new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc);
            DateTime utcNow = DateTime.UtcNow;
            const long ticksPerSecond = TimeSpan.TicksPerSecond;
            long utcNowSeconds = utcNow.Ticks / ticksPerSecond;
            long originSeconds = origin.Ticks / ticksPerSecond;
            long differenceSeconds = utcNowSeconds - originSeconds;

            var traktAuthorization = new TraktAuthorization();

            traktAuthorization.ToString().Should().Be("no valid access token (expired)");

            traktAuthorization.AccessToken = "accessToken";
            traktAuthorization.ToString().Should().Be($"{traktAuthorization.AccessToken} (expired)");

            traktAuthorization.CreatedAtTimestamp = (ulong)differenceSeconds;
            traktAuthorization.CreatedAt.Should().Be(origin.AddSeconds(differenceSeconds));
            traktAuthorization.ExpiresInSeconds = 600;
            traktAuthorization.ToString().Should().Be($"{traktAuthorization.AccessToken} (valid until {traktAuthorization.CreatedAt.AddSeconds(traktAuthorization.ExpiresInSeconds)})");
        }

        [Fact]
        public async Task Test_TraktAuthorization_Equals()
        {
            var traktAuthorization1 = new TraktAuthorization();
            var traktAuthorization2 = new TraktAuthorization();

            traktAuthorization1.Equals(traktAuthorization2).Should().BeTrue();

            var jsonReader = new AuthorizationObjectJsonReader();
            var traktAuthorizationFromJson = await jsonReader.ReadObjectAsync(JSON) as TraktAuthorization;

            traktAuthorization1 = CopyTraktAuthorization(traktAuthorizationFromJson);
            traktAuthorization2 = CopyTraktAuthorization(traktAuthorizationFromJson);

            traktAuthorization2.Equals(traktAuthorization1).Should().BeTrue();

            traktAuthorization1 = CopyTraktAuthorization(traktAuthorizationFromJson);
            traktAuthorization1.AccessToken = null;
            traktAuthorization2.Equals(traktAuthorization1).Should().BeFalse();

            traktAuthorization1 = CopyTraktAuthorization(traktAuthorizationFromJson);
            traktAuthorization1.RefreshToken = null;
            traktAuthorization2.Equals(traktAuthorization1).Should().BeFalse();

            traktAuthorization1 = CopyTraktAuthorization(traktAuthorizationFromJson);
            traktAuthorization1.ExpiresInSeconds = 0;
            traktAuthorization2.Equals(traktAuthorization1).Should().BeFalse();

            traktAuthorization1 = CopyTraktAuthorization(traktAuthorizationFromJson);
            traktAuthorization1.ExpiresInSeconds = 0;
            traktAuthorization2.Equals(traktAuthorization1).Should().BeFalse();

            traktAuthorization1 = CopyTraktAuthorization(traktAuthorizationFromJson);
            traktAuthorization1.Scope = null;
            traktAuthorization2.Equals(traktAuthorization1).Should().BeFalse();

            traktAuthorization1 = CopyTraktAuthorization(traktAuthorizationFromJson);
            traktAuthorization1.TokenType = null;
            traktAuthorization2.Equals(traktAuthorization1).Should().BeFalse();

            traktAuthorization1 = CopyTraktAuthorization(traktAuthorizationFromJson);
            traktAuthorization1.CreatedAtTimestamp = 0;
            traktAuthorization2.Equals(traktAuthorization1).Should().BeFalse();
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Test_TraktAuthorization_CreateWith_AccessToken()
        {
            DateTime createdAtUtcNow = DateTime.UtcNow;
            ulong createdAtUtcNowTimestamp = TestUtility.CalculateTimestamp(createdAtUtcNow);

            TraktAuthorization traktAuthorization = TraktAuthorization.CreateWith(ACCESS_TOKEN);

            traktAuthorization.Should().NotBeNull();
            traktAuthorization.AccessToken.Should().Be(ACCESS_TOKEN);
            traktAuthorization.RefreshToken.Should().NotBeNull().And.BeEmpty();
            traktAuthorization.Scope.Should().Be(TraktAccessScope.Public);
            traktAuthorization.TokenType.Should().Be(TraktAccessTokenType.Bearer);
            traktAuthorization.ExpiresInSeconds.Should().Be(EXPIRES_IN_SECONDS);
            traktAuthorization.CreatedAtTimestamp.Should().BeInRange(createdAtUtcNowTimestamp - 2, createdAtUtcNowTimestamp + 2);
            traktAuthorization.CreatedAt.Should().BeCloseTo(createdAtUtcNow, 1000);
            traktAuthorization.IgnoreExpiration.Should().BeTrue();
            traktAuthorization.IsExpired.Should().BeFalse();
            traktAuthorization.IsValid.Should().BeTrue();
            traktAuthorization.IsRefreshPossible.Should().BeFalse();
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Test_TraktAuthorization_CreateWith_AccessToken_And_RefreshToken()
        {
            DateTime createdAtUtcNow = DateTime.UtcNow;
            ulong createdAtUtcNowTimestamp = TestUtility.CalculateTimestamp(createdAtUtcNow);

            TraktAuthorization traktAuthorization = TraktAuthorization.CreateWith(ACCESS_TOKEN, REFRESH_TOKEN);

            traktAuthorization.Should().NotBeNull();
            traktAuthorization.AccessToken.Should().Be(ACCESS_TOKEN);
            traktAuthorization.RefreshToken.Should().Be(REFRESH_TOKEN);
            traktAuthorization.Scope.Should().Be(TraktAccessScope.Public);
            traktAuthorization.TokenType.Should().Be(TraktAccessTokenType.Bearer);
            traktAuthorization.ExpiresInSeconds.Should().Be(EXPIRES_IN_SECONDS);
            traktAuthorization.CreatedAtTimestamp.Should().BeInRange(createdAtUtcNowTimestamp - 2, createdAtUtcNowTimestamp + 2);
            traktAuthorization.CreatedAt.Should().BeCloseTo(createdAtUtcNow, 1000);
            traktAuthorization.IgnoreExpiration.Should().BeTrue();
            traktAuthorization.IsExpired.Should().BeFalse();
            traktAuthorization.IsValid.Should().BeTrue();
            traktAuthorization.IsRefreshPossible.Should().BeTrue();
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Test_TraktAuthorization_CreateWith_ExpiresIn_And_AccessToken()
        {
            DateTime createdAtUtcNow = DateTime.UtcNow;
            ulong createdAtUtcNowTimestamp = TestUtility.CalculateTimestamp(createdAtUtcNow);

            TraktAuthorization traktAuthorization = TraktAuthorization.CreateWith(EXPIRES_IN_SECONDS, ACCESS_TOKEN);

            traktAuthorization.Should().NotBeNull();
            traktAuthorization.AccessToken.Should().Be(ACCESS_TOKEN);
            traktAuthorization.RefreshToken.Should().NotBeNull().And.BeEmpty();
            traktAuthorization.Scope.Should().Be(TraktAccessScope.Public);
            traktAuthorization.TokenType.Should().Be(TraktAccessTokenType.Bearer);
            traktAuthorization.ExpiresInSeconds.Should().Be(EXPIRES_IN_SECONDS);
            traktAuthorization.CreatedAtTimestamp.Should().BeInRange(createdAtUtcNowTimestamp - 2, createdAtUtcNowTimestamp + 2);
            traktAuthorization.CreatedAt.Should().BeCloseTo(createdAtUtcNow, 1000);
            traktAuthorization.IgnoreExpiration.Should().BeFalse();
            traktAuthorization.IsExpired.Should().BeFalse();
            traktAuthorization.IsValid.Should().BeTrue();
            traktAuthorization.IsRefreshPossible.Should().BeFalse();
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Test_TraktAuthorization_CreateWith_ExpiresIn_And_AccessToken_And_RefreshToken()
        {
            DateTime createdAtUtcNow = DateTime.UtcNow;
            ulong createdAtUtcNowTimestamp = TestUtility.CalculateTimestamp(createdAtUtcNow);

            TraktAuthorization traktAuthorization = TraktAuthorization.CreateWith(EXPIRES_IN_SECONDS, ACCESS_TOKEN, REFRESH_TOKEN);

            traktAuthorization.Should().NotBeNull();
            traktAuthorization.AccessToken.Should().Be(ACCESS_TOKEN);
            traktAuthorization.RefreshToken.Should().Be(REFRESH_TOKEN);
            traktAuthorization.Scope.Should().Be(TraktAccessScope.Public);
            traktAuthorization.TokenType.Should().Be(TraktAccessTokenType.Bearer);
            traktAuthorization.ExpiresInSeconds.Should().Be(EXPIRES_IN_SECONDS);
            traktAuthorization.CreatedAtTimestamp.Should().BeInRange(createdAtUtcNowTimestamp - 2, createdAtUtcNowTimestamp + 2);
            traktAuthorization.CreatedAt.Should().BeCloseTo(createdAtUtcNow, 1000);
            traktAuthorization.IgnoreExpiration.Should().BeFalse();
            traktAuthorization.IsExpired.Should().BeFalse();
            traktAuthorization.IsValid.Should().BeTrue();
            traktAuthorization.IsRefreshPossible.Should().BeTrue();
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Test_TraktAuthorization_CreateWith_CreatedAt_And_AccessToken()
        {
            TraktAuthorization traktAuthorization = TraktAuthorization.CreateWith(s_createdAt, ACCESS_TOKEN);

            traktAuthorization.Should().NotBeNull();
            traktAuthorization.AccessToken.Should().Be(ACCESS_TOKEN);
            traktAuthorization.RefreshToken.Should().NotBeNull().And.BeEmpty();
            traktAuthorization.Scope.Should().Be(TraktAccessScope.Public);
            traktAuthorization.TokenType.Should().Be(TraktAccessTokenType.Bearer);
            traktAuthorization.ExpiresInSeconds.Should().Be(EXPIRES_IN_SECONDS);
            traktAuthorization.CreatedAtTimestamp.Should().Be(s_createdAtTimestamp);
            traktAuthorization.CreatedAt.Should().BeCloseTo(s_createdAt, 1000);
            traktAuthorization.IgnoreExpiration.Should().BeTrue();
            traktAuthorization.IsExpired.Should().BeFalse();
            traktAuthorization.IsValid.Should().BeTrue();
            traktAuthorization.IsRefreshPossible.Should().BeFalse();
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Test_TraktAuthorization_CreateWith_CreatedAt_And_AccessToken_And_RefreshToken()
        {
            TraktAuthorization traktAuthorization = TraktAuthorization.CreateWith(s_createdAt, ACCESS_TOKEN, REFRESH_TOKEN);

            traktAuthorization.Should().NotBeNull();
            traktAuthorization.AccessToken.Should().Be(ACCESS_TOKEN);
            traktAuthorization.RefreshToken.Should().Be(REFRESH_TOKEN);
            traktAuthorization.Scope.Should().Be(TraktAccessScope.Public);
            traktAuthorization.TokenType.Should().Be(TraktAccessTokenType.Bearer);
            traktAuthorization.ExpiresInSeconds.Should().Be(EXPIRES_IN_SECONDS);
            traktAuthorization.CreatedAtTimestamp.Should().Be(s_createdAtTimestamp);
            traktAuthorization.CreatedAt.Should().BeCloseTo(s_createdAt, 1000);
            traktAuthorization.IgnoreExpiration.Should().BeTrue();
            traktAuthorization.IsExpired.Should().BeFalse();
            traktAuthorization.IsValid.Should().BeTrue();
            traktAuthorization.IsRefreshPossible.Should().BeTrue();
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Test_TraktAuthorization_CreateWith_CreatedAt_And_ExpiresIn_And_AccessToken()
        {
            TraktAuthorization traktAuthorization = TraktAuthorization.CreateWith(s_createdAt, EXPIRES_IN_SECONDS, ACCESS_TOKEN);

            traktAuthorization.Should().NotBeNull();
            traktAuthorization.AccessToken.Should().Be(ACCESS_TOKEN);
            traktAuthorization.RefreshToken.Should().NotBeNull().And.BeEmpty();
            traktAuthorization.Scope.Should().Be(TraktAccessScope.Public);
            traktAuthorization.TokenType.Should().Be(TraktAccessTokenType.Bearer);
            traktAuthorization.ExpiresInSeconds.Should().Be(EXPIRES_IN_SECONDS);
            traktAuthorization.CreatedAtTimestamp.Should().Be(s_createdAtTimestamp);
            traktAuthorization.CreatedAt.Should().BeCloseTo(s_createdAt, 1000);
            traktAuthorization.IgnoreExpiration.Should().BeFalse();
            traktAuthorization.IsExpired.Should().BeFalse();
            traktAuthorization.IsValid.Should().BeTrue();
            traktAuthorization.IsRefreshPossible.Should().BeFalse();
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Test_TraktAuthorization_CreateWith_CreatedAt_And_ExpiresIn_And_AccessToken_And_RefreshToken()
        {
            TraktAuthorization traktAuthorization = TraktAuthorization.CreateWith(s_createdAt, EXPIRES_IN_SECONDS, ACCESS_TOKEN, REFRESH_TOKEN);

            traktAuthorization.Should().NotBeNull();
            traktAuthorization.AccessToken.Should().Be(ACCESS_TOKEN);
            traktAuthorization.RefreshToken.Should().Be(REFRESH_TOKEN);
            traktAuthorization.Scope.Should().Be(TraktAccessScope.Public);
            traktAuthorization.TokenType.Should().Be(TraktAccessTokenType.Bearer);
            traktAuthorization.ExpiresInSeconds.Should().Be(EXPIRES_IN_SECONDS);
            traktAuthorization.CreatedAtTimestamp.Should().Be(s_createdAtTimestamp);
            traktAuthorization.CreatedAt.Should().BeCloseTo(s_createdAt, 1000);
            traktAuthorization.IgnoreExpiration.Should().BeFalse();
            traktAuthorization.IsExpired.Should().BeFalse();
            traktAuthorization.IsValid.Should().BeTrue();
            traktAuthorization.IsRefreshPossible.Should().BeTrue();
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Test_TraktAuthorization_CreateWith_Null_Values()
        {
            DateTime createdAtUtcNow = DateTime.UtcNow;
            ulong createdAtUtcNowTimestamp = TestUtility.CalculateTimestamp(createdAtUtcNow);

            TraktAuthorization traktAuthorization = TraktAuthorization.CreateWith(null, REFRESH_TOKEN);

            traktAuthorization.Should().NotBeNull();
            traktAuthorization.AccessToken.Should().NotBeNull().And.BeEmpty();
            traktAuthorization.RefreshToken.Should().Be(REFRESH_TOKEN);
            traktAuthorization.Scope.Should().Be(TraktAccessScope.Public);
            traktAuthorization.TokenType.Should().Be(TraktAccessTokenType.Bearer);
            traktAuthorization.ExpiresInSeconds.Should().Be(EXPIRES_IN_SECONDS);
            traktAuthorization.CreatedAtTimestamp.Should().BeInRange(createdAtUtcNowTimestamp - 2, createdAtUtcNowTimestamp + 2);
            traktAuthorization.CreatedAt.Should().BeCloseTo(createdAtUtcNow, 1000);
            traktAuthorization.IgnoreExpiration.Should().BeTrue();
            traktAuthorization.IsExpired.Should().BeTrue();
            traktAuthorization.IsValid.Should().BeFalse();
            traktAuthorization.IsRefreshPossible.Should().BeTrue();

            // ------------------------------------------------------

            traktAuthorization = TraktAuthorization.CreateWith(ACCESS_TOKEN);

            traktAuthorization.Should().NotBeNull();
            traktAuthorization.AccessToken.Should().Be(ACCESS_TOKEN);
            traktAuthorization.RefreshToken.Should().NotBeNull().And.BeEmpty();
            traktAuthorization.Scope.Should().Be(TraktAccessScope.Public);
            traktAuthorization.TokenType.Should().Be(TraktAccessTokenType.Bearer);
            traktAuthorization.ExpiresInSeconds.Should().Be(EXPIRES_IN_SECONDS);
            traktAuthorization.CreatedAtTimestamp.Should().BeInRange(createdAtUtcNowTimestamp - 2, createdAtUtcNowTimestamp + 2);
            traktAuthorization.CreatedAt.Should().BeCloseTo(createdAtUtcNow, 1000);
            traktAuthorization.IgnoreExpiration.Should().BeTrue();
            traktAuthorization.IsExpired.Should().BeFalse();
            traktAuthorization.IsValid.Should().BeTrue();
            traktAuthorization.IsRefreshPossible.Should().BeFalse();

            // ------------------------------------------------------
            // ------------------------------------------------------

            traktAuthorization = TraktAuthorization.CreateWith(EXPIRES_IN_SECONDS, null, REFRESH_TOKEN);

            traktAuthorization.Should().NotBeNull();
            traktAuthorization.AccessToken.Should().NotBeNull().And.BeEmpty();
            traktAuthorization.RefreshToken.Should().Be(REFRESH_TOKEN);
            traktAuthorization.Scope.Should().Be(TraktAccessScope.Public);
            traktAuthorization.TokenType.Should().Be(TraktAccessTokenType.Bearer);
            traktAuthorization.ExpiresInSeconds.Should().Be(EXPIRES_IN_SECONDS);
            traktAuthorization.CreatedAtTimestamp.Should().BeInRange(createdAtUtcNowTimestamp - 2, createdAtUtcNowTimestamp + 2);
            traktAuthorization.CreatedAt.Should().BeCloseTo(createdAtUtcNow, 1000);
            traktAuthorization.IgnoreExpiration.Should().BeFalse();
            traktAuthorization.IsExpired.Should().BeTrue();
            traktAuthorization.IsValid.Should().BeFalse();
            traktAuthorization.IsRefreshPossible.Should().BeTrue();

            // ------------------------------------------------------

            traktAuthorization = TraktAuthorization.CreateWith(EXPIRES_IN_SECONDS, ACCESS_TOKEN);

            traktAuthorization.Should().NotBeNull();
            traktAuthorization.AccessToken.Should().Be(ACCESS_TOKEN);
            traktAuthorization.RefreshToken.Should().NotBeNull().And.BeEmpty();
            traktAuthorization.Scope.Should().Be(TraktAccessScope.Public);
            traktAuthorization.TokenType.Should().Be(TraktAccessTokenType.Bearer);
            traktAuthorization.ExpiresInSeconds.Should().Be(EXPIRES_IN_SECONDS);
            traktAuthorization.CreatedAtTimestamp.Should().BeInRange(createdAtUtcNowTimestamp - 2, createdAtUtcNowTimestamp + 2);
            traktAuthorization.CreatedAt.Should().BeCloseTo(createdAtUtcNow, 1000);
            traktAuthorization.IgnoreExpiration.Should().BeFalse();
            traktAuthorization.IsExpired.Should().BeFalse();
            traktAuthorization.IsValid.Should().BeTrue();
            traktAuthorization.IsRefreshPossible.Should().BeFalse();

            // ------------------------------------------------------
            // ------------------------------------------------------

            traktAuthorization = TraktAuthorization.CreateWith(s_createdAt, null, REFRESH_TOKEN);

            traktAuthorization.Should().NotBeNull();
            traktAuthorization.AccessToken.Should().NotBeNull().And.BeEmpty();
            traktAuthorization.RefreshToken.Should().Be(REFRESH_TOKEN);
            traktAuthorization.Scope.Should().Be(TraktAccessScope.Public);
            traktAuthorization.TokenType.Should().Be(TraktAccessTokenType.Bearer);
            traktAuthorization.ExpiresInSeconds.Should().Be(EXPIRES_IN_SECONDS);
            traktAuthorization.CreatedAtTimestamp.Should().Be(s_createdAtTimestamp);
            traktAuthorization.CreatedAt.Should().BeCloseTo(s_createdAt, 1000);
            traktAuthorization.IgnoreExpiration.Should().BeTrue();
            traktAuthorization.IsExpired.Should().BeTrue();
            traktAuthorization.IsValid.Should().BeFalse();
            traktAuthorization.IsRefreshPossible.Should().BeTrue();

            // ------------------------------------------------------

            traktAuthorization = TraktAuthorization.CreateWith(s_createdAt, ACCESS_TOKEN);

            traktAuthorization.Should().NotBeNull();
            traktAuthorization.AccessToken.Should().Be(ACCESS_TOKEN);
            traktAuthorization.RefreshToken.Should().NotBeNull().And.BeEmpty();
            traktAuthorization.Scope.Should().Be(TraktAccessScope.Public);
            traktAuthorization.TokenType.Should().Be(TraktAccessTokenType.Bearer);
            traktAuthorization.ExpiresInSeconds.Should().Be(EXPIRES_IN_SECONDS);
            traktAuthorization.CreatedAtTimestamp.Should().Be(s_createdAtTimestamp);
            traktAuthorization.CreatedAt.Should().BeCloseTo(s_createdAt, 1000);
            traktAuthorization.IgnoreExpiration.Should().BeTrue();
            traktAuthorization.IsExpired.Should().BeFalse();
            traktAuthorization.IsValid.Should().BeTrue();
            traktAuthorization.IsRefreshPossible.Should().BeFalse();

            // ------------------------------------------------------

            traktAuthorization = TraktAuthorization.CreateWith(s_createdAt, EXPIRES_IN_SECONDS, null, REFRESH_TOKEN);

            traktAuthorization.Should().NotBeNull();
            traktAuthorization.AccessToken.Should().NotBeNull().And.BeEmpty();
            traktAuthorization.RefreshToken.Should().Be(REFRESH_TOKEN);
            traktAuthorization.Scope.Should().Be(TraktAccessScope.Public);
            traktAuthorization.TokenType.Should().Be(TraktAccessTokenType.Bearer);
            traktAuthorization.ExpiresInSeconds.Should().Be(EXPIRES_IN_SECONDS);
            traktAuthorization.CreatedAtTimestamp.Should().Be(s_createdAtTimestamp);
            traktAuthorization.CreatedAt.Should().BeCloseTo(s_createdAt, 1000);
            traktAuthorization.IgnoreExpiration.Should().BeFalse();
            traktAuthorization.IsExpired.Should().BeTrue();
            traktAuthorization.IsValid.Should().BeFalse();
            traktAuthorization.IsRefreshPossible.Should().BeTrue();

            // ------------------------------------------------------

            traktAuthorization = TraktAuthorization.CreateWith(s_createdAt, EXPIRES_IN_SECONDS, ACCESS_TOKEN);

            traktAuthorization.Should().NotBeNull();
            traktAuthorization.AccessToken.Should().Be(ACCESS_TOKEN);
            traktAuthorization.RefreshToken.Should().NotBeNull().And.BeEmpty();
            traktAuthorization.Scope.Should().Be(TraktAccessScope.Public);
            traktAuthorization.TokenType.Should().Be(TraktAccessTokenType.Bearer);
            traktAuthorization.ExpiresInSeconds.Should().Be(EXPIRES_IN_SECONDS);
            traktAuthorization.CreatedAtTimestamp.Should().Be(s_createdAtTimestamp);
            traktAuthorization.CreatedAt.Should().BeCloseTo(s_createdAt, 1000);
            traktAuthorization.IgnoreExpiration.Should().BeFalse();
            traktAuthorization.IsExpired.Should().BeFalse();
            traktAuthorization.IsValid.Should().BeTrue();
            traktAuthorization.IsRefreshPossible.Should().BeFalse();
        }

        private static TraktAuthorization CopyTraktAuthorization(ITraktAuthorization traktAuthorization)
        {
            return new TraktAuthorization
            {
                AccessToken = traktAuthorization.AccessToken,
                RefreshToken = traktAuthorization.RefreshToken,
                Scope = traktAuthorization.Scope,
                TokenType = traktAuthorization.TokenType,
                ExpiresInSeconds = traktAuthorization.ExpiresInSeconds,
                CreatedAtTimestamp = traktAuthorization.CreatedAtTimestamp
            };
        }

        private readonly string JSON =
             "{" +
                "\"access_token\": \"dbaf9757982a9e738f05d249b7b5b4a266b3a139049317c4909f2f263572c781\"," +
                "\"refresh_token\": \"76ba4c5c75c96f6087f58a4de10be6c00b29ea1ddc3b2022ee2016d1363e3a7c\"," +
                "\"token_type\": \"bearer\"," +
                "\"expires_in\": 7776000," +
                "\"scope\": \"public\"," +
                $"\"created_at\": {s_createdAtTimestamp}" +
             "}";
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Advise on the best way to market these services.
Further information on our service can be found on our website, www.adviceni.net.
Advice NI is an umbrella membership charity that exists to provide leadership and services to our member organisations and ensure accessible advice services across Northern Ireland.
Advice NI is also specialist training providers and deliver both scheduled and bespoke training courses to more than 4,500 individuals each year.
We need the consultant/agency to conduct market research into appropriate branding for debt advice services. The consultant/agency will provide a number of branding design options. These options should complement our current organisational branding. We would want a complete visual direction for our money and debt advice services, which encompasses online and offline branding, public advertising and all promotional materials.
We require the consultation/agency to provide us with a proven communication and marketing strategy to raise awareness of our new branded services that is audience specific.
Conduct consumer research on appropriate debt advice branding options.
Develop options for Advice NI to review.
Develop a branding toolkit of agreed finalised branding to include, logos, self-help leaflet and factsheet templates, website and future branded products.
Provide a proven communication and marketing strategy and implementation plan with associated costs to raise awareness of the brand.
The Consultant will be supported by and work in close collaboration with the Head of Money, Debt and Quality, who is responsible for the project in Advice NI, as well as the Advice NI Chief Executive, Deputy Chief Executive and Head of ICT.
Project deadline is March 31st, 2019.
The maximum budget available for the Consultant is £7,000. The Consultant bears full responsibility for all their tax and financial obligations.
Advice NI will retain the copyright of all material produced under this agreement.
Excellent written communication skills and precise use of language.
The Consultant must be able to adhere to the project delivery plan including timelines.
Tenders should be submitted by email.
Relevant Experience and Knowledge. Please ensure you outline how the task requirements will be met as well as experience relating to the tasks.
Ability to adhere to the Task requirements.
Two references (including telephone numbers) and an example (e.g. web link) to your previous work.
Availability to start the assignment in February 2019.
Applications must be received by 5pm on the 15th February 2019.
Please note: Tenderers may be invited to discuss or give a presentation of their proposal.
Proposals should be submitted before the deadline to recruitment@adviceni.net.


Parasites can have a negative impact on the health of your Animals. By carrying out regular faecal analysis of target groups within herds you can manage the current status of your herd by choosing a selective dose where and when required. By dosing your animals only when necessary you will reduce your risk of resistance to products.
Our faecal analysis includes testing for the following : worms eggs, coccidiosis, liver & rumen fluke & lungworm larvae. We partake in faecal egg count proficiency testing schemes in order to maintain quality results you can trust.


Disco Visitors smelling an orange air, stay longer, dance more and find the evening more enjoyable. Peppermint also has a dance -inducing effect, but is less good for sales. As industrial designer Dirk -Jan Oudshoorn of Delft University of Technology established.
He studied the effect of odors on 850 visitors to discos in Delft, Leiden and Utrecht. He has now started his own company Mood Scent, specializing according to him in odor solutions in the hospitality industry. Since the smoking ban, the number of complaints about bad odor increased. Visitors smelled a stale booze air and, even worse, each body air. Oudshoorn has now proven that circulating a pleasant smell increases revenues to 20 percent. People feel happier, he says.


This is a placeholder page for Lily Collazo, which means this person is not currently on this site. We do suggest using the tools below to find Lily Collazo.
You are visiting the placeholder page for Lily Collazo. This page is here because someone used our placeholder utility to look for Lily Collazo. We created this page automatically in hopes Lily Collazo would find it. If you are not Lily Collazo, but are an alumni of Hicksville High School, register on this site for free now.