The Lovely Blog Award. 6″ x 6″ watercolor pencil on paper. Sharyn Dimmick.
Last week Shira of In Pursuit of More tagged me in a relay, charging me with writing about hope and John Clinock of artratcafe generously bestowed on me the one lovely blog award. I am honored by the kind intentions of my fellow bloggers and will do my best to live up to their trust.
A major tenet of the two forms of Buddhism I have practiced is the practice of letting go, letting go of outcomes, letting go of expectations, letting go of desires. This does not immediately sound like fun, does it? That's because we want what we want, even if wanting it is causing our suffering. I am personally undertaking a course of consciously letting go these days because I find myself falling in love. First I fell in love with a city, a country, a way of life, when I went to France. Then I fell in love with my guitar again, starting to play daily after a hiatus of a year. I fell in love with my room, starting to see ways that it could be improved. Every summer I fall in love with open water swimming when the days get warm enough to swim at the cove down in the Berkeley Marina. And, as you might have expected, I am somewhere on the continuum of falling in love with another person with all of that continuum's abundant symptoms: sleeplessness, excitement, fear of the unknown. There is pleasure in falling in love and there is pain. There is fantasy and reality, hope and dread. I find that the easiest approach, although it is hard to put into practice, is to treat the entire experience as a practice, to work with whatever it brings to me in any given moment: if I am sleepless, get up and read or write. If I am inspired to write a love song, write a love song. If I am scared, feel the fear.
One aspect of treating life as a continuous practice is that there is no room for hope. Hope causes us to leap into the future, into some better world that is different from what we are experiencing right here, right now. When I am right here, I can respond to my fear or excitement as it occurs; when I am jumping into hope, I lose my opportunity in the present moment. My teacher is fond of saying "The love you want is no other place." And, I, of course, am hoping that she is wrong, that there will be glorious love in a field of flowers some other day. But I know what she means: our only chance is this moment, what we find there now, where we find ourselves now. We can't count on having another moment, better or worse.
What we can count on is that things will change: if I am sleepless for three weeks running, during week four I will fall into a deep sleep when the body needs it. The foods of the changing seasons that I highlight on The Kale Chronicles reveal this in a beautiful way: now there are Gravenstein apples and gypsy peppers, summer squash and tomatoes, cucumbers, green figs, the first grapes, blackberries, melons. Soon eggplants will come in and peaches will begin to fade away until next summer brings the new crop. I stir a couple of spoonfuls of apple crisp into my morning oatmeal and plan another round of zucchini-feta pancakes for lunch, topped with Sun Gold cherry tomatoes. Next month, perhaps next week, I will be eating something different. Food becomes more satisfying when you are not reaching for raspberries in December and tomatoes in February, when you eat what there is now, choosing your favorites, perhaps, but working with what you've got.
Love cannot resist reaching into the future, imagining scenarios, conjuring kisses out of the air. So let it. Just know that the fantasies, the daydreaming are a current and temporary state: mine them for their images and ideas, laugh at them and at yourself, an ingenue in a fifty-four year-old body. Watch as your mind tosses up Loggins and Messina songs (Where did they come from?). Sing them if you want — no one needs to know.
What do I hope for? I hope for the courage to face my life, the courage to be in whatever state I find myself in until that state changes. I hope for the courage to respond authentically to whatever I need to respond to. Today I thank Shira (who is in La Belle France) for encouraging me to meditate on hope and John who says lovely things about The Kale Chronicles. With my one-year blogging anniversary coming up fast (next Sunday) I tell you that I had some hopes for the blog: I hoped a few people would like my recipes. I hoped my writing would acquire a wider platform. I hoped a few people would buy my paintings and maybe even my music CDs. I hoped that I would find some writing students who want to do writing practice. Some of that has happened. But writing The Kale Chronicles has become much bigger than that because I have discovered an entire community of like-minded souls, people who care passionately about what they eat and where it comes from, but, beyond that, care about how they live their lives, treating each other with kindness and humor. I started a blog and found myself in a whole new community. I am made welcome here as I am made welcome in my communities of writers and singers and artists. And I will be calling on you soon with a special anniversary challenge, The Lauren Project — I know you will step up to the plate. There will be prizes and glory and the opportunity to help a lovely young woman find more joy in the kitchen.
Cucumber Raita. 6″ x 6″ watercolor pencil on paper. Sharyn Dimmick.
In the meantime — back to the present — a simple raita recipe for cucumber season, courtesy of Padma, my Indian roommate in college, who taught me how to make it. The secret to good raita is no shortcuts — you must cut the cucumber into spears and de-seed it with a knife and then you must slice each spear into small bits with the knife — if you grate it, the cucumber turns watery. Raita is all about texture. So set aside an hour to make raita — you won't be sorry.
Peel 2 cucumbers (or use an Armenian cucumber, which requires no peeling). Slice each cucumber lengthwise into quarters, sixths or eighths, depending on its circumference. Remove all of the seeds. Slice the now seedless cucumber into small pieces and put in a steel or Pyrex bowl. Grate 1/2 of a fresh coconut into cucumbers. Add one bunch chopped cilantro.
Heat a small amount of peanut oil in a small skillet. When oil shimmers, add 1 tsp of mustard seeds and 1 dry red chile. Fry for a few seconds until mustard seeds pop and add chile, mustard seeds and oil to cucumber mixture to season it. Add plain yogurt and salt to taste, making it as creamy or as light as you like.
Food notes: You can, of course, make this with dessicated coconut — it's just not as good as when you use fresh. Make sure your coconut is unsweetened — sugar in raita is gross. You can eat the raita as a salad, as a side dish with an Indian meal, or simply mixed with rice.
2) I like to eat pie for breakfast, although I usually eat oatmeal or polenta cooked with milk and sweetened with seasonal fruit.
3) My favorite color is kelly green. I also like lavender and blue, crimson, claret, raspberry, all balanced with plenty of black.
4) I am a Pisces, Sagittarius rising, Gemini moon, Venus in Aquarius.
5) Although I am a folk musician and will always be one, I have always (always?) had a fantasy of singing with a rock band.
6) If I could only eat one type of food for the rest of my life, it would be Indian food.
7) This bull needs a big meadow: don't put me in a pigeonhole — I won't fit.
1) Celi at The Kitchen's Garden — Celi writes about sustainable farming, a subject dear to my heart. Beyond that she is fun and knows how to tell a story.
2) Shira at In Pursuit of More has endeared herself to me by her generosity and her commitment to simplicity.
3) The Caerus blog, a brand new blog, showcases the artful thoughts of Suzanne Edminster, Karina Nishi Marcus and a growing cadre of guest artists. Look for it on Thursday mornings and go back to read the back archives.
4) The Literary Jukebox. I found this one this morning. Maria Popova posts a literary quote and a song everyday. Great for literate music junkies.
5) Debra at Breathe Lighter. Debra shares all aspects of her life in San Gabriel — recipes, photographs, pet stories, field trips, music, all accompanied by her enthusiasm for life.
6) John at artratcafe provides an art education by featuring the work of many diverse artists. He writes poems, too. Foodies will like his brilliant posts on food that combine illustrations, literary quotes and recipes with a certain je ne sais quoi.
7) John at From the Bartolini Kitchens writes an ongoing love letter to his Italian family and the foods of his culture. Want to make cheese or fresh pasta? See John.
8) Eva Taylor of Kitchen Inspirations knows how to put it all together: the dress, the shoes, the place settings. Lately she has been experimenting with healthier, lighter versions of favorite foods, keeping to a low-carb diet.
9) Betsy of Bits and Breadcrumbs cooks food I want to eat — I've said it before and I'll say it again.
10) My writing pal Bob Chrisman has branched out and now writes a memoir-type blog called swqm60. Check it out.
11) Jane Robinson at Art Epicurean posts abstract paintings and encouragement for creative types.
12) My old friend Maura writes theonceandfutureemptynest about her life with husband, children, grandchildren, parents, dogs, running shoes, kayaks and literary ambition. A graceful writer, her thoughts will resonate with the sandwich generation.
13) I've already sent you to look at Deby Dixon's photos on Deby Dixon Photography. Have another look, please.
15) Your nominee. Please use the comments to tell us all about the blogs you love the most, the ones you open first everyday, among other things. We have free speech here.
On Saturday my friend Margit and I walked through the Berkeley Farmers' Market. I had been the week before and bought my first Brooks cherries of the year, walnuts in the shell, brown mushrooms. Stone fruit is beginning to come in: I saw apricots and bought a couple of baskets of cherries from Kaki Farms. Strawberries continue strong. Blueberries are here. Some vendors had bins of summer squash and the first beautiful broccoli was beginning to peep its heads out of baskets. But the thing that made me happiest was the bunch of basil I bought for two dollars.
Ah, basil. I didn't even like the stuff when I was a child: it was just another mysterious seasoning in a Spice Island jar, dried and weird. It didn't remind you of turkey stuffing like sage or pizza like oregano. Fresh basil was not seen or smelt at my house.
Making Pesto. 8″ x 8″ Gouache and Watercolor Pencil, Sharyn Dimmick.
All that has changed now. All late spring, summer and early fall, I buy basil by the bunch and set it like a bouquet in a glass of water on the kitchen counter next to the olive oil. I chiffonade it over green beans and steam them, tuck it into ears of corn before roasting them, add it to Greek salads, put it in turkey meatloaf or burgers. It is probably the herb I use most during the summer. Today and many other days will find me sitting at the breakfast room table, pounding torn basil leaves, salt, garlic, walnuts and grated cheese in my large Vietnamese mortar with a little olive oil.
Did I say walnuts? I did. Classic pesto is made with pine nuts. I have nothing against pine nuts except the cost. If I lived in New Mexico or Italy I might make pesto with pine nuts. Since I live in California I make it with walnuts and have come to love the combination of bitter and sweet freshly cracked nuts with pounded basil leaves and garlic (I also use walnuts to make a cilantro pesto, flavored with lime).
The first pesto I tasted was served in a restaurant (I no longer remember which one). When I lived in San Francisco I used to buy little plastic tubs of Armanino pesto. Then for awhile I made my own in a blender, until my friend Leila mentioned that pounded pesto had a superior texture. Because our blender is old and cranky I was spending lots of time mincing basil and garlic before feeding its maw and I decided to get a mortar and pestle.
My friend Elaine and I went mortar hunting in Oakland Chinatown and I brought back not one mortar, but two: I have a small marble mortar that I use to crush spices and small amounts of nuts and I have my big wooden Vietnamese mortar for pesto duty each summer.
I start in the kitchen, smashing garlic cloves with the side of a knife and peeling the skins away. The garlic goes directly into the mortar and gets a sprinkle of kosher salt, which helps the pestle break down the garlic fibers. Then I take a utility bowl, my basil bouquet and the big mortar and pestle into the breakfast room. I inhale the spicy green scent of the basil as I pick leaves, discard stems, and tear each leaf into smaller pieces. I pick and tear for awhile, then I pound for awhile, then pick and tear another layer of leaves. The aroma gets richer. When I have torn and pounded every last leaf I take the basket of walnuts and nutcracker from the sideboard and start cracking and shelling. There is no measuring involved: the pesto comes together and is done when its taste and texture suits me — the size of the bunch of basil is the determining factor: I will add enough other ingredients to blend with it, to complement it, but the basil is the star, so I start with garlic and salt, add all the basil, then add walnuts. The last step is grating Parmesan or pecorino with my microplane and stirring in a little olive oil.
If I need a break while I am pounding basil I will pour a little olive oil over the top. This helps keep the color bright. I do not care for oily pesto and have a light hand with the oil: I am not too fussy about whether the final product is bright green: I know it will be delicious and we are going to eat every spoonful and scrape the jar besides.
I never get tired of pesto. When the basil really gets going in mid-summer I try to make enough of it to freeze to last all year. I am never successful because if I have fresh pesto on hand I want to eat it on pasta, on sandwiches, in salad dressing, on green beans, on broccoli, on broiled portobello mushrooms, dolloped on the top of a pizza just out of the oven, or added to a winter vegetable soup. Every year I manage to freeze a few small jars or a bag of pesto cubes made in an ice cube tray, but I am dipping into my stash practically as soon as basil disappears from the Farmer's Market. At the same time, I have days when I wonder why I have bought yet another bunch (or two, if they are on sale), condemning myself to a few more hours of sitting at the table, pounding away when I could be walking or swimming or reading or whatever else it is that people do on long summer days, instead of inhaling basil fumes and oil of walnut rising from warm wood.
We ate our pesto with whole wheat rotini, fresh sugar snap peas and some roasted red peppers from a jar.
Food notes: You can, of course, make pesto with any fresh leafy herb and any nut. Some people use seeds instead — pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds. Margit is allergic to walnuts and pecans so she can make hers with almonds. Elaine has used Brazil nuts successfully. Pine nuts are delicious. You can make pesto from arugula or from soaked sundried tomatoes. Some people make it with spinach or kale. You can mix herbs, too: basil, cilantro and mint is nice, or arugula and mint. You can make it in a blender or a food processor if you have one.
Blogging notes: Susie of SusArtandFood very kindly nominated me for another blogging award, the illuminating blogger award. I love it when people read The Kale Chronicles and I love it when they like it and I really like it when they find something useful here for themselves. What I don't like is posting blog award patches on my site — I don't think they look nice. And while I'm happy to let you know what blogs I enjoy reading I am not much good at making lists of them on the spot: I do have lists of links, although I probably should update them — perhaps at my one-year anniversary. You will find more details about me and my life in the posts than you perhaps want so I don't think you need to know that my favorite color is green or that my favorite ice cream is coffee ice cream. My emphasis is seasonal home-cooked food. I'm quite happy when you read and comment on The Kale Chronicles and I do my best to respond to every comment I receive. Thank you all.
When I started a blog called "The Kale Chronicles," I liked the alliteration and I felt like I was perpetually struggling with kale: Riverdog Farm put in my vegetable box frequently and I had found no truly satisfying way to eat it in three years. Then I went to Mabel Dodge Luhan House in New Mexico this November and Jane Garrett served a kale salad. I ate some. Then I went up for seconds. Then I asked for the recipe.
Jane obliged and I have made this salad twice since returning home. Every time I make it, I eat big bowls full of it and I eat it everyday until it is gone. I made it again tonight and just ate a flat soup bowl full of it.
Why do I like it so much? It could be the dressing: Meyer lemon juice, olive oil, garlic, tahini, tamari and a little bit of honey — I might eat that on shoe leather, although I doubt it. I might like it because you blanch the kale before attempting to eat it. I just like it.
I'll give you Jane's version as she wrote it and then I'll explain how and why I altered it.
Blanch two bunches of kale*.
Add what you like: grated carrots, radishes, dried cherries, almonds, red potatoes, feta, mint.
*If you are going to eat kale, you need to remove the stems and ribs. Jane didn't tell you this because she thinks everyone knows it. So, before you blanch the kale, remove the stems and ribs and compost them.
My alterations: I don't have any Braggs', which I believe is Braggs' amino acid, or some such thing, and I haven't been inclined to go out and get any. I deduced that it was contributing the salty flavor, so I substituted 1 Tbsp tamari for the 2 Tbsp of Braggs'. I used Meyer lemons because we have them growing in our front yard — they are sweeter and less sharp than Eureka lemons, the ones you usually find in the supermarket. I used 1/4 tsp honey for the agave because, once again, I don't keep agave in the house — I don't object to it or its flavor — it's just not something I have around the house. Lastly, I don't measure my olive oil: take Jane's measurement if you want to be precise — I just dress the kale with some olive oil, mix together the other ingredients and toss the salad.
I haven't been adventuresome in mixing things into this yet because I actually like the taste of the kale smothered in this dressing. I did put in half a handful of dried sour cherries tonight, but I couldn't really taste them — the dressing is pretty powerful.
What I hope is that this salad helps some of you eat kale who have found it hard to enjoy in other preparations, especially those of you who are at your wits' end when kale shows up in your farm box (Someone removed a bunch of kale from his box today and set it on top of the stack for someone else to take home!). It works for me.
1) I love to sing. I sang in school choirs and church choirs. I have one CD, "Paris," featuring traditional ballads, original songs and covers.
2) I started a ballad-singing group in Berkeley many years ago. It's still going.
4) I used to work as a Recreation Leader in a program that brought together children with disabilities and able-bodied, neurotypical children.
6) I love open-water swimming and swim in the Berkeley Marina, weather-permitting, from May through October.
7) I sell paintings. Just thought I'd throw that in because I do sell my original watercolors. I am happy to sell them. I am working on developing related products, including cards, trivets, canvas bags, etc. with images from "The Kale Chronicles." If you want something, please ask.
Bitsandbreadcrumbs by Betsy — Betsy cooks stuff I want to cook myself.
Kitchen Inspirations by Eva Taylor. Can't tell you why exactly — that's the nature of inspiration — I just like Eva's blog.
Angry Cherry — the baking blog with personality and many original ideas. She makes things I want to try someday.
JustaSmidgen — lovely photos and some stunning recipes: malted milk meringues anybody? Or pomegranate salad?
Lauren is baking her way around the world, making things from every country she can think of. She is particularly honest, which makes her fun to read.
Linda, at Savoring Every Bite makes lovely cheesecakes, attends to decor as much as to food, is generous with her comments and posts a variety of recipes. Pumpkin fans must subscribe to her blog in the fall.
Bewitching Kitchen. Sally has a not-so-secret love of baking bread. In this, we are sisters. She just posted a wonderful-sounding caramelized carrot soup.
SmittenKitchen. This is a big, well-known blog. You may already read it. If you don't, go there now: Deb has it all: recipes, photos, stories.
As you can see, those are food blogs.
I also read art blogs, or art and food blogs.
And, somewhere in between, I found Dichotomyof. She makes colorful patchwork cushions, raises children and cooks, too.
Bees ATC. Nancy posts a drawing everyday around midnight central time. They are usually colored pencil drawings.
And, last, but not least, there is Donna Louise, neither a food nor art blog, but a modern serial by a funny, offbeat writer who shall remain nameless for the time being (at the writer's request).


text:
Q: Why data cannot be inserted from Android Apps to MySQL I have created my database MySQL and I wish to send data from the android apps into the database but I couldn't do so. I am using wamp server.
Here are my php code:
<?php mysql_connect("localhost","cupcake","123456");
mysql_select_db("cindy");
$sql=mysql_query("insert into yang (name)values('".$_REQUEST['i_name']."')");
$r=mysql_query($sql);
if(!$r)echo "Error in query: ".mysql_error();mysql_close();?>

Here is my Java file from Android
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);

        String result = null;
        JSONArray jArray;
        InputStream is = null;
        StringBuilder sb=null;

        ArrayList<NameValuePair> nameValuePairs = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();

        nameValuePairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair("i_name","aaa"));
        try{

            HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();

             HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://10.0.2.2/testing.php");
             httppost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nameValuePairs));
             HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
             HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
             is = entity.getContent();
             }catch(Exception e){
                 Log.e("log_tag", "Error in http connection"+e.toString());
            }

        try{
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is,"iso-8859-1"),8);
             sb = new StringBuilder();
             sb.append(reader.readLine() + "\n");
             String line="0";
             while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                            sb.append(line + "\n");        }
              is.close();
              result=sb.toString();
              }catch(Exception e){
                    Log.e("log_tag", "Error converting result "+e.toString());
              }//paring datatry

        try {
            jArray = new JSONArray(result);
           //int[] deal_id=new int[jArray.length()+1];
            JSONObject json_data=null;
            for(int i=0;i<jArray.length();i++){
                   json_data = jArray.getJSONObject(i);
                            }
            }      catch(JSONException e1){
                   } catch (ParseException e1) {
                e1.printStackTrace();   }
          }}

This is the MySQL table that i have craeted
--

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `yang` (
  `name` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`name`)
)

Please help me.. Thanks...

A: This sort of development can be pretty hard to debug, so I would always use lots of logging.
For example, in your PHP add:
error_log("Inserting name: " . $_REQUEST['i_name']);
Then you can check the server error log to make sure you're getting what you expect. Keep adding logging statements till you find the problem.
PS: I'm not an expert on PHP but it looks to me like your PHP would be vulnerable to an SQL injection attack so you probably wouldn't want to deploy this!

A: I agree that you should try to include as much logging as you can to see what is going on.
I am assuming you are deploying this Android app to your phone or emulator, correct? In the native browser can you go to http:// 10.0.2.2 /testing.php and verify that this is not a local network connection issue?
Also, have you independently tested your PHP code? Are you sure it works?
Lastly, your PHP script is vulnerable to SQL injection. You never want to concatenate any data like that from your user directly into a SQL statement. Use a prepared statement to handle this. PHP has a PDO library that you can use. Here is a tutorial (http://www.kitebird.com/articles/php-pdo.html) - there are many others you can follow. Just Google PHP PDO prepared statement tutorial or something
Let me know what answers you find to the above questions.

A: You are giving localhost address in android java file i.e 10.0.2.2 and in my knowledge it doesn't work. open command prompt and type ipconfig and press Enter. After than check your ip v4 address which would be starting like 192.168.... copy that address and in search bar if the project is running than replace the localhost ip with this one. Actually android takes domain name not localhost. and change in to android java file with that also. hope it will work. Thanks

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Is there a way to disable comments for an Arc video?
I wasn't able to find anything in Arc that let me completely turn off the ability to comment on a video. I could, however, delete individual student comments when signed in as an instructor. Take a look at this Guide for more details: How do I manage Arc media comments in Canvas as an instructor? Hope this helps.
You can disable comments by embedding a video into your content: How do I get a public link or embed code for media in an Arc account?
However, the tradeoff is that public links and embed codes do not require authentication, so they do not track analytics.
I am looking at the work flow for students using Arc as a discussion reply. When embedding the video to a discussion reply the Arc comments are on by default. As such, students (and instructors) can reply to the discussion post within the Canvas discussion and also within the Arc video.
Not wanting to have both means of reply I was leaning toward not allowing threaded replies within the Discussion board settings so students will reply via the Arc interface. But if I do this, then I am uncertain if I can see all of a students participation within the Speedgrader. It may be that when Arc is used in Discussions, that it would be better if Arc comments were off by default. I say this as I imagine most students will miss the disable comments button. I suppose this depends on your goals and if you need to account for student participation with replies/ comments.
Maybe I will put in an idea request if turning off the comments for students by default is not an option.
Hello Jesse. There is not a way to turn off comments by default in Arc.
Nicholas, thanks for the update! Was this change documented anywhere? I noticed when I went to add a video to Arc, but I couldn't find any official information/documentation on the change.
I couldn't find anything documented in recent Release Notes. The last Release Notes for Arc were from May 17, 2018.
Hello Kona! I have not seen documentation about this change, and this is the first day that I have seen it in Arc.
It actually showed up at least a week or so ago. Pretty soon (like a day or two) after this conversation - New Arc Layout/Interface.


Possibly it is inevitable that the troubles of Man develop with the technology he creates. Ergonomic keyboards, foot-operated personal computer mouse, touch screens and touch pads, studying disability gear and health-related equipment are all examples of the extent to which this technology has evolved. This was specifically accurate when the technology permitted learners to handle their own learning. Enhanced use of technology could totally remove the majority of financial progress that has been produced in building nations. I am writing this letter with the utmost sincerest appreciation, respect and regard for the employees and faculty at International Data Technology. The spread of paper and printing to the West, as in this printing press , helped scientists and politicians communicate their concepts easily, leading to the Age of Enlightenment an example of technology as cultural force.
I have frequently stated I believe technology is undertaking harm to society and ruining the idea of community. In conclusion, technology based instruction serves to support and facilitate adult studying in a variety of techniques. Unfortunately, I consider due to the fact technology has supplied a platform for every person to feed their minds with no tasting what they are consuming has lead to blind 'followers' of trends or beliefs that are boxed up in untruths. That is the beauty of technology too, how else would we be able to share with so a lot of other individuals. This is crucial because we would not have any of the technology that we are privileged to have without electricity. Australian researchers are leading the way with brain machine interface technology.
Global Info Technology can aid you attain and establish your technology goals quite price successfully. Violence has hit an all time high with people possessing no reason at all to harm others but just simply because as well considerably of the technology we have produced has turned us into barbarians. In order to be portion of the new generation that guides technology, today's ten year olds must find out how technology evolved to the existing level. In case you never already know about how infrared heat technology functions, here's a brief introduction. In fact, if worldwide warming does destroy human civilization, fossil fuels will turn out to have been a dystopian technology. Even so, I believe that 3D technology will eventually become a reality in people's living rooms…it's just a matter of time.


Tucked away on Washington Ave, restaurant Clocked has been in business for almost 20 years. And based on opinions of the locals, Clocked will go on to last even longer.
"I keep returning to Clocked because it's the best burger in town," said Tanner Scott, a loyal customer who has been a patron since its opening in 2000.
Since 2012, Clocked has continuously been ranked number one on Flagpole's yearly "Best Athens Restaurants" in the American food category. Their unique menu containing eclectic burgers and indulgent side dishes keeps their customers coming back for more. The ambience, which alludes to a 70's aesthetic pairs nicely with the uncommon food choices, along with the quirky customers that dine here.
"This [interior of Clocked] is kind of my house in the 70's. I used to have flock wallpaper on the walls which is just very 70's. I can't put shag carpet in here because its a restaurant, but this is all kind of like my house," owner David Zwart said.
It's not just the decor the makes Clocked special. The authentically American cuisine is a throwback to old-school diners. The Bronco Burger is packed with gouda cheese, bacon, onion rings and BBQ sauce. million flavors attack the palette after one juicy bite. The burger is effortlessly tasty.
Although known for their burgers, Clocked offers other American comforts, such as a grilled cheese. The bread is toasted to perfection and the cheese melts in the mouth with each bite. The side of tater tots are also a definite hit, a throwback to childhood.
The ambience also made the experience more authentic and unique. The walls were covered in vintage movie posters, and a television played 60's movies on a loop. Lamps hung from the ceiling, covered in various materials, such as wrappers and glass, in a plethora of colors.
Zwart didn't always know he wanted to go to the restaurant business, but he blames fate for how he ended up as the owner of one of Athens' most beloved restaurants.
"I used to live here in the 80's and I worked at 40 Watt. I moved around to New York City and Portland, OR and I saw a place in Portland and I thought 'this place would love great on this corner right next to 40 Watt, said Zwart when discussing the inception of Clocked.
People should not only come to Clocked for their famous burgers, but also a welcoming environment and overall experience. The passion for Clocked extends to the staff. Waitress, Flynne Collins, encourages customers to come.
"I think it's a really fun and nice environment and everyone's usually in a good mood here.
Clocked is located on 259 W Washington St, Athens, GA 30601. The restaurant is open from 11 a.m. to 10 p.m. Monday through Thursday, 11 a.m. to midnight on Friday and Saturday, and 11 a.m. to 9 p.m. on Sunday.
Next How do we recover the truth in a world full of fake news?


text:
National moves ahead, Labour reflects
Following the official announcement of results on December 10, Prime Minister John Key wasted no time in announcing his cabinet line-up, offering portfolios to the lone MPs of ACT and United Future and two of the three MPs from Maori Party. The line-up had a few surprises, with Mr Key rewarding a number of colleagues with higher ranking and enlarged…
Dec 15, 2011 IssueLeave a comment
Labour's New Guard
The bane of leading a major political party is the outcome in the Election. The price one pays is his or her office. In three years, Labour has lost two leaders- Helen Clark in 2008 and Phil Goff in 2011. But while the leadership change in 2008 was smooth, it was rough this year. David Cunliffe, a senior leader and…
Greetings from Us
This would be the last issue of Indian Newslink in 2011. Our next issue (January 15, 2012), will be published on or about January 17. As we wish our advertisers, contributors, well-wishers and readers Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year, we thank all of you for your continued support and patronage. Following the General Election on November 26, we…
Labour must revise strategy for resurrection
While the officials, Members of Parliament, workers and supporters of Labour were sure that their Party would not be able to form the next Government even with the support of other friendly parties, they would not have expected to be routed at the General Election held last month. With just 34 seats, earned through 27.48% of the votes cast, it…
Australian court exonerates Julian Moti
Australia's war against terrorism is farcical. It has no justification or even right to fight in Afghanistan or any other country because it has itself engaged in blatant act of terrorism that would make terrorist organisations look like amateurs. Australian citizen Julian Moti was an unfortunate victim. His distinguished world standing as a Queen's Counsel, an international constitutional law expert…

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Why Shudder Is The Best Streaming Service Out There [Fright-A-Thon]
Posted by Hunter Bolding | Oct 24, 2022 | Fright-A-Thon, Horror, Movie News, Shudder, Streaming Movies, Streaming Series | 0 |
Netflix, Prime Video, Peacock, Paramount+, HBO Max, and Disney+ are all household names. But they're posers. With the exception of Peacock, the one thing in common with all these streamers is that they're posers with it comes to Halloween content. Like people who only go to Church on Christmas, they're shopping cart Halloween-lovers. Once those orange lights go up, the Jack O'Lanterns come out, and the weather starts to change, they're all horror hounds. That's good for one month out of the year, but there's only one true leader when it comes to horror content all year round. That's Shudder.
Shudder, if you haven't heard of it, is the premiere streaming service for all things spooky, scary, frightening, strange, and weird. I wish I could say they were paying me to write this, because it does sound like an advertisement, but no, it's not. I just love their content and wish more people knew about it. It's like a curated channel for everything horror, and it's cheaper than any of the services listed above.
It's not just the legacy library of rare horror films that Shudder has, their real magic lies in their original content. Sure, it's great to go and watch Halloween 5: The Revenge Of Michael Myers at any time. But it's when you find a show like Slasher: Flesh and Blood or Creepshow, or a movie like V/H/S/99 or Fried Barry. Shudder is showing the world that horror means much more than just a world dominated by franchise IP.
Horror Content For Horror Fans Drives Shudder
Check Twitter any Friday during the regular season of The Last Drive-In or during one of their holiday specials. There'll be members of the "Mutant Fam" discussing all things Last Drive-In and whatever the double feature that's being shown. That kind of magic doesn't come from any other streamer out there.
It's a kind of love that only comes from fans of the genre and from the top down, Shudder brings that love. Whether that's reigniting the V/H/S series into a yearly showcase of genre filmmakers or something like the 101 Scariest Movie Moments Of All Time, it's astounding to see this kind of care put into everything that goes on the service.
So you get what amounts to a textbook of all things horror history with documentaries like In Search of Darkness, the history of queer horror with Queer For Fear, and new films from all kinds of filmmakers like Dario Argento with Dark Glasses. Oh, and don't get me started on how Shudder actually puts their movies out on physical media.
There's some aversion to giving people the option to actually own the movies released these days, Disney+ and Hulu refuse to put their movies out on physical media, whereas Shudder invites it. All three seasons of Creepshow are either out on Blu-ray or coming out soon, This Is Gwar is out on Blu-ray soon.
That love I was talking about earlier? That's what it means. Giving horror fans ANY way to watch their favorite shows and movies. Netflix, Hulu, and all of those companies can't give a rat's ass about fans of the genre, they can't be bothered to put out movies that are exclusive to streaming on Blu-ray.
Don't Take It From Me, Check Out Shudder Today
It's not just me that loves Shudder, but check them out at their website: Shudder.com. Even from their user interface, they know exactly what their viewers are and how they want to watch. From the top down, Shudder is the best service out there for the money, for respect to the genre, and for fans that love horror movies. You can't get any better than their subscription for horror classics, new shows, documentaries, and original content year-round.
For more on Horror, make sure to check back out Fright-A-Thon, the 61-day Halloween content marathon!
The 2022 Halloween Movie Marathon Schedule [Fright-A-Thon]
PreviousMTN DEW: The Ghosts Of VOO-DEW Past Have Returned For A Limited Time
Next"Spy x Family" Ch. 68.1: Loid Vs. Animation [Review]
Hunter Bolding
Wrestling fan since Sting vs. Hogan at Starrcade. Video game fanatic since I played Wario Land on the Game Boy. Music nerd, Magic: the Gathering player, and any other fandom you can think of under the sun.
Terror Inducing Horror Game Gets A New Name And New Mode – Meet THE DARK OCCULT
RALPH BREAKS THE INTERNET John C. Reilly and Sarah Silverman on Recording Together
Shots Fired! Lee Bermejo Takes Jab at MCU Spider-Man Costume
There's A New Poster For Jordan Peele's 'Nope,' And This Evil Cloud Means Business


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Youtube Titanic Drum News
British Pathé to open up entire film archive of 85K videos to YouTube
By Jessica Davies | News Editor
April 15, 2014 | 2 min read
Listen to article 4 min
British Pathé is to release its entire archive of videos – totaling 3,500 hours of content – on YouTube.
The archive, which comprises 85,000 videos, contains footage of historic content from both World Wars, interviews with survivors of the Titanic, boxing legend Muhammed Ali, alongside other filmed newsreels and documentaries that the company produced between 1910 and 1976.
British Pathé is working with Mediakraft Networks to manage the content distribution and packaging on YouTube, and will aim to attract a "global audience" to the content.
The two companies will also work together to create new, original programming which gives a contemporary take on historical events.
Roger Felber, CEO of British Pathé said: "Our company has always been devoted to informing people with videos. As times are changing we are looking into new ways to reach people with our content.
"With YouTube as the biggest video platform and Mediakraft as a professional partner at our side, we have found the best conditions to ensure that our archive content will continue to act as a
pioneer in moving images and retain its heritage for future generations."
The opening up of the archive also marks an important step for YouTube's ongoing content strategy.
Anna Gayner, manager of UK News Partnerships for YouTube, said: "We are thrilled to offer a global platform for these iconic videos and to work together with such pioneering companies in making this content available to 1 billion users worldwide.
"This is a very exciting step in hosting the audiovisual archive of the world's history."
The move means the archive, which has been available on the British Pathe website, will now be embeddable and sharable for the first time.
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Raillardella es un género de plantas con flores de la familia  Asteraceae.  Comprende 9 especies descritas y de estas. solo 3  aceptadas.

Taxonomía
El género fue descrito por (A.Gray) Benth. & Hook.f. y publicado en Genera Plantarum 2(1): 442. 1873.
Etimología
Raillardella: nombre genérico que es una variación ortográfica de género Raillardia, y del término latino ella = "diminutivo".

Especies
A continuación se brinda un listado de las especies del género Raillardella aceptadas hasta julio de 2012, ordenadas alfabéticamente. Para cada una se indica el nombre binomial seguido del autor, abreviado según las convenciones y usos.

Raillardella argentea (A.Gray) A.Gray
Raillardella pringlei Greene
Raillardella scaposa (A.Gray) A.Gray

Referencias

Madieae

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


10 Tips to Make Your Locator Listing Work for You!
Keep your contact information updated so that a potential client can reach you promptly via phone and/or email.
Include a link to your website, if you have one.
Include your years of experience as an indexer, especially if it sounds impressive. If you been indexing longer than you care to remember, pick an honest number and simply say "more than x years."
Include any specific or unusual specialties in your description.
Periodically update or rewrite your description to reflect current interests or recent expertise.
Show your description to a colleague. Ask for their opinion.
Compare your listing with others, both generally and in your subject category. How does yours stack up? How can you distinguish your services from other indexers?
Mention your ASI Indexer Locator listing in your other marketing materials. Since only ASI members can take out a listing, it indicates that you are a serious indexer.
Like advertising, a one-time listing isn't effective. Familiarity is important. Potential clients need to know they can always find you again.
If you cannot accept a project from an established client, refer your client to the Indexer Locator. This builds goodwill. They won't forget your helpfulness.


A good starting point for school communities may be to make connections with the educational resources developed by the First Nations Educational Steering Committee which was established in 1992.
As discussed in Dr. Lee Brown's video interview, curriculum and our way of teaching needs to be reevaluated in order to accommodate different points of view. For example, the way some math concepts are taught are not in line with First Nations beliefs. This can cause anxiety and feelings of not being listened to or understood in the classroom. This is further compounded with standardized provincial test where questions are often close ended with students not having the opportunity to show their knowledge in different ways. The following link- http://www.fnesc.ca/curriculum/math offers a resource guide to help Math 8 and 9 teachers in developing curriculum and an learning environment where students feel more comfortable and motivated to participate with the goal of helping develop numeracy concepts and skills for lifelong learning.


Havana is teeming with tourists from all over the world.
A few weeks ago I made my first trip to Cuba. It was a trip planned last year with a group of cigar aficionados, and needless to say, we were excited to finally visit the renowned birthplace of cigars. For this article I will focus solely on the "cigar experience" while in Cuba, leaving all political observations aside. I have many conflicting emotions about life in Cuba, but as a cigar lover, visiting Havana and Pinar Del Rio was an amazing experience, nothing short of total immersion into a world steeped in cigar culture.
Are Cuban cigars legal in the US?
This is a question I get asked most often when I tell people I visited Cuba. The answer is yes, if you buy them out of the country. They are still illegal to purchase from within the US, but you can bring up to 100 cigars (or $800 worth) back from any other country before you get hit with a tax. Technically, you can bring back an unlimited number of cigars for personal consumption, but Cuban customs will want to see receipts for anything more than a few boxes. Once in the US, you can give the cigars as gifts, but are prohibited from selling them. It is still illegal to buy Cuban cigars online from within the US.
Habanos stores are everywhere in Havana.
If you are going to visit Havana, you'll need three things: 1) good walking shoes, 2) a backpack, and 3) a pocket full of 1 CUC coins. Cuba is a popular tourist destination and is visited by people from all over the world. At any given moment you can find yourself shoulder to shoulder with Italians, Brazilians, Britons, Germans, and now, Americans, and Havana is where everyone congregates. The streets are teeming with pedestrians walking on cobblestones and uneven pavement. Sturdy shoes with good support will keep you going as you visit the many churches, historic buildings, and, of course, cigar shops.
There are two currencies in Cuba: the Cuban Peso (CUP) and the Cuban Convertible Peso (CUC). The CUP is used by the natives and rarely seen by tourists. This is confusing at first, but once we arrived, we used the CUC solely, and never encountered any CUPs. We converted our US dollars to CUCs once there, and that was all we used. The exchange rate is $1 USD to 1 CUC, with a 10% surcharge for using US dollars, and a 3% currency exchange fee. So in reality 1 CUC will cost you $1.13.
I found out quickly, that to fully enjoy Havana, a pocket full of 1 CUC coins comes in handy. Tourism is one of the few ways the Cuban people can augment their meager salaries. Tipping is important, and it literally helps put meat on the table for many Cubans. If you want to use the bathrooms, you'll need a CUC; want to take a picture of a woman dressed in colorful native garb, you'll need a CUC.
Unlike the US, where draconian smoking restrictions keep us from enjoying our passion, Cuba promotes cigar culture. It is their second largest export, and smoking is allowed almost everywhere. To someone with limited exposure to Cuban cigars, it was amazing to see Habanos stores throughout Havana, stocked with great cigars from floor to ceiling. All the Cuban brands are there, however, not every store has the same stock. I wanted some Punch Punch cigars, and found them in the Hotel in Pinar Del Rio. But it's important to not be seduced by locals promising better prices for Cohibas on the street or in your hotel. Everyone in trying to make extra money by selling cigars and they are not the same as what's sold in the official Habanos stores.
Small but delicious, the H. Upmann Half Corona.
Fortunately, finding a good Habanos store is easy because they are everywhere, and all have the same prices. And the prices in Cuba are the best you'll find worldwide. No, you won't find Cohibas for $5 a stick, but there are plenty of great cigars at affordable prices. I bought a box of H. Upmann Half Coronas for 70 CUCs ($79 USD), and they are amazing cigars. I also bought that box of Punch Punch for 170 CUCs ($192 USD), also an outstanding choice.
When buying cigars in Cuba, it's important to get receipts. Some stores will give you a red invoice that confirms the cigars are not counterfeit. When leaving the country, you may need to show proof of purchase. My advice is to not put any cigars in your carry on luggage. If Cuban customs sees cigars they might make you open the boxes for inspection and ask for receipts. I brought back three boxes in my checked luggage and had no problems. Upon entry into the US, I told the customs agent I had "some cigars" and they waved me right through.
While in Pinar Del Rio, we spent a day with Hirochi Robaina. He is the grandson of Alejandro Robaina, the most famous tobacco grower in Cuba. Sadly, Alejandro passed away in 2010 at the age of 91, and Hirochi has since taken over running the Robaina farm. There, over a delicious lunch of lobster and roasted pig, we learned much about how Cuban tobacco is grown and processed. Unlike other countries where cigar makers control the growing, curing, fermenting, and rolling of their cigars, in Cuba the government controls everything. All the tobacco is grown on small farms, and then delivered to a cooperative collection facility. From that point on, the Cuban government takes control of the fermentation, sorting, distribution, and finally, the rolling of all Cuban cigars.
Hirochi Robaina gets emotional remembering his grandfather Alejandro.
Wrapper leaf being strung up for curing at the Robaina farm.
While in Havana, we took the Partagas factory tour. For someone who's been to Nicaragua and the Dominican Republic, this tour was a disappointment. We were closely watched by the factory staff and weren't allowed to take photos of the cigar rollers. All we could do was peer into the doorways and observe. This was not an easy task due to the crowded conditions and narrow corridors. The building itself was a beautiful old structure, and to someone who has never seen a cigar factory, this might be a nice experience. But I was used to walking around the rolling tables, sampling cigars, and talking with the staff about the cigar making process. The limited access during the Partagas tour was frustrating.
However, it was interesting to see that in Cuba, there are no Lieberman machines. The filler is hand-rolled into the binder without the assistance of a device. This may contribute to the draw issues long associated with Cuban cigars. But most factories on the island have now started using draw testing machines to address this problem.
I was also surprised to see that in Cuba, one person does the bunching AND the rolling. In all other countries, cigar production is a two-person operation. One bunches the filler into the binder, puts it into the Lieberman, rolls out a crude cylinder of tobacco, and puts it into a mold. All the while, another person at his/her side is busy completing a cigar by applying the wrapper. Working in pairs speeds up the process and increases output. But in this way, Cuban cigars could be considered more solamente a mano (handmade) than those of other countries. I also observed that the pace at the Partagas factory was considerably slower than what I was used to seeing elsewhere. But this is true for all aspects of life in Cuba.
Tobacco in Cuba is grown on small cooperative farms.
For this cigar lover, visiting Cuba was like being set free to fully enjoy my passion. We smoked cigars with every meal, with each mojito, and had access to cigars that, in the US, are only a rarity. It's a country that is old fashioned in its ways, and being there was like going back in time. Cuba is charming, friendly, and a place where simple things are valued most. There, life is lived at a pace that we cigars smokers seek every time we light our favorite cigar. Cigars never tasted better than when we were in Cuba, and now, each time I smoke one of the cigars I brought back, I relive an adventure that will stay with me for a long time. Visiting Cuba is a unique experience, and for a cigar smoker, it has special meaning. It was on the top of my bucket list for years, and it's a pilgrimage every serious cigar smoker needs to make.
 A Lieberman machine is a manual device that rolls binder tobacco around the filler.
Great recap of our trip; makes me want to be back in Cuba. We spent many wonderful hours with the Cuban people chatting and exchanging perceptions about life in both the USA and Cuba. Of course, the tobacco experience was exceptional. The Catholics have the Vatican, the Jews have Israel, and cigar smokers have Cuba. Thank you for sharing a nice perspective of our trip.
Nice article Artie. Made me smile with memories.


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Tag Archives: Solomon
Changing the Feasts of God – The Sin of Jeroboam
God's Word does not change. His plans and ways stand the test of time, and what He wills, He accomplishes without any variation. The Appointments of our Creator highlighted in Leviticus 23 are a good example of this. Each of these "Feast Days" have a prophetic significance which is fulfilled and is yet to be fulfilled in Messiah Yeshua. They, just as the rest of His Word, cannot be changed, annulled or added to, till the Heavens and Earth themselves pass away. While many celebrate a variety of different Feasts and special days around the year, such as christmas and days venerating different saints, etc, God's Holy days seem to be casted to the side as Old, Jewish and lacking. Nothing can be further from the truth. Casting His Word and "His Feasts"(as they are called in Lev 23:2) aside for days and traditions made by man was the exact "Sin of Jeroboam", and one of many reasons that God sent "The House of Israel" into Assyrian Exile.
Jeroboam – The First King of the House of Israel
It all started with Solomon, son of David when he married many wives making covenants with the lands around them(1Kin 11:1,2). In his old age, Solomon was moved away from God by these many foreign wives(1Kin 11:3-8). And God, in His anger let many enemies rise around Solomon(1Kin 11:14-27). Furthermore, He would speak through Ahijah about His intentions to give 10 Tribes of the 12 to Jeroboam who Solomon had appointed ruler over the House of Joseph(1Kin 9-13 & 28-39). Only 2 Tribes consisting of Judah and Benjamin would be left for Solomon's Son – Rehoboam(1Kin 12:21,23). So Jeroboam a man from the tribe of Ephraim would become the King of the 10 Tribes in the North known as the House of Israel/Ephraim/Joseph.
The Sin of Jeroboam
At the beginning of Jeroboam's reign itself he did what he felt was right in his heart and before his eyes. As it reads,
1Ki 12:26-30 And Jeroboam said in his heart, Now shall the kingdom return to the house of David: If this people go up to do sacrifice in the house of the LORD at Jerusalem, then shall the heart of this people turn again unto their lord, even unto Rehoboam king of Judah, and they shall kill me, and go again to Rehoboam king of Judah. Whereupon the king took counsel, and made two calves of gold, and said unto them, It is too much for you to go up to Jerusalem: behold thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt.And he set the one in Bethel, and the other put he in Dan. And this thing became a sin: for the people went to worship before the one, even unto Dan.
Not only did he appoint a place of his own making, as a worship place for God, he also made priests of anyone he deemed fit, making himself also a priest.
1Ki 12:31 And he made an house of high places, and made priests of the lowest of the people, which were not of the sons of Levi.
1Ki 13:33 After this thing Jeroboam returned not from his evil way, but made again of the lowest of the people priests of the high places: whosoever would, he consecrated him, and he became one of the priests of the high places.
But his sin did not stop there; he went on to consecrate and make special feast (Appointed) days of his own.
1Ki 12:32 And Jeroboam ordained a feast in the eighth month, on the fifteenth day of the month, like unto the feast that is in Judah, and he offered upon the altar. So did he in Bethel, sacrificing unto the calves that he had made: and he placed in Bethel the priests of the high places which he had made. So he offered upon the altar which he had made in Bethel the fifteenth day of the eighth month, even in the month which he had devised of his own heart; and ordained a feast unto the children of Israel: and he offered upon the altar, and burnt incense.
From this point onwards, the Sin of Jeroboam is mentioned more than 20 times in the Books of Kings till the end of the Kingdom of Israel in 722BC.
1Ki 13:34 And this thing became sin unto the house of Jeroboam, even to cut it off, and to destroy it from off the face of the earth.
2Ki 17:22,23 For the children of Israel walked in all the sins of Jeroboam which he did; they departed not from them; Until the LORD removed Israel out of his sight, as he had said by all his servants the prophets. So was Israel carried away out of their own land to Assyria unto this day.
Appointing our own ways of worship and ordaining our own special days was a detestable thing in the eyes of our Father in Heaven. If He and His Word does not change, maybe we should be much more hesitant at joining the ranks of Jeroboam in changing the ways God has ordained in His heavenly wisdom.
The Parable of the Prodigal Son & the 2 Houses of Israel
What's "out of place" in this picture of the Birth of Christ?
Was Christ born in December?
What was celebrated on December 25th before it became Christmas?
This entry was posted in Main and tagged Appointment, Birth, change, Christ, Christmas, David, December, december 25, Feast, God, house, Israel, Jeroboam, Jesus, Judah, Kingdom, Law, Rehoboam, Sin, Solomon, Word, Yeshua on December 12, 2019 by rameshdesilva.
The Tabernacle, Temple, Synagogue & Church – What is the House of God?
What is the difference between the tabernacle, the temple, the synagogue and the church? Does God reside in buildings? Can any place of assembly be called "The House of God"? There is little clarity on this subject. Many believe that there was no requirement for a temple of God, and that it was an Old Testament precept removed with Messiah's sacrifice on the cross. We shall delve into the subject and see what the Bible truly teaches about "The House of God".
A. What is the Church & Synagogue?
B. What is the Tabernacle & Temple?
C. What is the difference between the Temple and a Church/Synagogue?
D. Can any place of assembly be equated to the Temple of God?
E. Does God reside in a building?
F. Did Christ Replace the Temple of God?
G. The temple of our Bodies
In an earlier study, we have discussed the biblical definition of the word "Church". Our findings were very clear – both, "Church" and "Synagogue" meant bodies of people. Not a building or a place – biblically speaking. It is a little known fact that the 1st Century believers attended Synagogue as per James' Epistle (The word assembly in Jas 2:2 should be translated as synagogue). Even though modern Christians feel a Synagogue is for Jews while Church is for Christians, there was no such separation in thought among the 1st century believers. Both represented bodies of people and not any type of religious building.
After the deliverance from Egypt by the hand of God, the children of Israel were commanded to build a sanctuary(H4720 – Mikdawsh – Holy/Set-apart place). Specific instructions were given for the creation of this Tabernacle(H4908 – Mishkawn – Tent/Dwelling Place) and everything inside, to Moses on the Mount of Sinai(Exo 25:8,9,40, 26:30, Heb 8:5). The work was done accordingly (Exo 39:42,43) and the Tent was setup and finished according to further instructions(Exo 40:1-33). The Glory of Yehovah filled the Tabernacle with a physical thick cloud(Exo 40:34), so much so, that even Moses could not enter it. The physical Cloud and Fire were present in the Tabernacle for all the Children of Israel to see, wherever they went henceforth(Exo 40:35-38).
The Levites were specifically chosen for the keeping of the Tabernacle(Num 1:50,51,53, Chap 3) and the Tabernacle itself was a covering (a sort of capsule) for God to walk with the Children of Israel(2Sam 7:6). This dwelling place moved to a variety of locations till finally under David, the Kingdom was unified. The main content of the Tabernacle was the Ark of the Covenant, which carried the tablets of the covenant written with the hand of God. After God settled the Children of Israel in the land promised to Abraham, there was no more reason for a tent which was pitched and removed – so King David planned to build a House for God which would house His Ark and His Glory(2Sam 7). But God wanted it built by Solomon, the Son of David(2Sam 7:12,13). It is clear that the Tabernacle, even though it was not a permanent structure, was also known as the House of God(Exo 23:19, 34:26, Deut 23:18, Jdg 18:31, 20:18, 21:2).
The Temple in Jerusalem
After Solomon came to power, he started the work for God's House according to God's command(1Kin 5:3-5) and finished it by moving the Ark from the Tabernacle to the Temple(1Kin 8:3-9). And similar to the establishment of the Tabernacle, where Moses could not enter because of the Glory of God, the cloud filled the holy place so that the priest could not stand to minister(1Kin 8:10,11). Furthermore, God appeared to Solomon and told him that He has consecrated the Temple to Himself by putting His name there, and His eyes and heart would be there perpetually. But He also warned Solomon, that if he or his children turn away from God, that the Temple will be destroyed(1Kin 9:2-9).
Because of the sins of Solomon, God decided to separate the unified nation of Israel(1Kin 11:9-13). Ten tribes were handed over to Jeroboam, known as the House of Israel, while the rest were left in the hands of Rehoboam, the son of Solomon(1Kin 11:29-36), known as House of Judah, from thereon. These were the two houses of Israel, mentioned in Jeremiah and Hebrews where the New Covenant is mentioned. Both these kingdoms would fall, according to the warnings of the Prophets due to their disobedience, firstly the Kingdom of Israel to Assyria; and then the Kingdom of Judah to Babylonia, where the Temple built by Solomon was also razed to the ground(2Chr 36:19, Ezr 5:12) in 587BC.
The 2nd Temple in Jerusalem
The Temple would be rebuilt under the patronage of King Cyrus of the Persian Empire, by Ezra and Nehemiah(Ezr 5:13, 6:14). The Ark of the Covenant is not mentioned being carried away by the Babylonians or to have been in the 2nd Temple, but is believed to have been hidden by the Prophet Jeremiah before the sack of Jerusalem according to the Apocryphal book "Second Maccabees".
The Temple we read in the Gospel accounts was the 2nd Temple built by Ezra & Nehemiah, and added onto by Herod the Great, while the same would be destroyed again according to the words of Yeshua, in 70AD by the Romans under Titus. It is believed that all the Disciples of Yeshua other than John, and even Paul would have been killed off by Rome, before the destruction of the 2nd Temple in 70AD.
The 3rd Temple in Jerusalem
Even though there is a fair amount of debate among Christian Denominations whether a 3rd Temple would ever be built, prophetic verses such as 2Thes 2:3,4, Dan 9:27 would have us believe, a main sign of the end of days which is the "Antichrist" better known as the "Son of Perdition/Destruction" would set himself up in the Temple of God, and shall stop the sacrifices. Considering sacrifices can only be offered in the temple of Jerusalem(Deut Chap 12, Psa 78:68, Psa 132:13,14, 1Kin 8:29) the place in which He chose to put His name (2Chr 6:6, 1Kin 11:36), we can deduce that the Temple of God where sacrifices will be offered in these prophetic verses is none other than a temple in Jerusalem. But since the 2nd Temple was destroyed in 70AD, for such prophecies to come to fruition, there must be a 3rd Temple built in the future.
The Temple was built according to the command of God(1Kin 5:5) where God chose to place His Name – the city of Jerusalem/Zion(2Chr 6:6, 12:13). There was only one Temple where sacrifices could be brought to God. The Levites were given the right of service and the Sons of Aaron were the priests. No one else could serve in the temple of God in Jerusalem. Jer 33:17-26 shows forth that the word of God and the Covenants He has made with the Levites and David can never be broken.
In the 1st Century AD, synagogues were in every city around the Hellenistic empire which was under Roman rule(Act 15:21), as we see Yeshua, His disciples and even Paul attending many such assemblies. But there was ONLY ONE Temple. And Yeshua, His disciples and even Paul frequented the Temple in Jerusalem often. Paul even offered sacrifices of Purification for himself and others in Acts 21. This was the Temple where Yeshua was tempted(Mat 4:5). The place where Yeshua overthrew the moneychangers/sellers saying "My House shall be called the house of prayer(Mat 21:13/Isa 56:7), but you have made it a den of thieves(Mat 21:13/Jer 7:11). Where He healed(Mat 21:14). Where He taught daily(Mat 26:55, Luk 21:37,38). This was the same Temple where the 1st Century believers gathered daily(Acts 2:46). Where they taught(Acts 5:20,21). Where Paul offered sacrifices of purification(Acts 21:26,27, 24:18). And which was destroyed by the Romans in 70AD.
The Temple in Jerusalem cannot be equated to a building or assembly, as it was ordained, planned & created according to God's Word and Will. God let the House that was built for Himself be destroyed twice in history, because of the transgressions of the people. But as per the Prophet Micah:
Mic 4:1-3 But in the last days it shall come to pass, that the mountain of the house of the LORD shall be established in the top of the mountains, and it shall be exalted above the hills; and people shall flow unto it. And many nations shall come, and say, Come, and let us go up to the mountain of the LORD, and to the house of the God of Jacob; and he will teach us of his ways, and we will walk in his paths: for the law shall go forth of Zion, and the word of the LORD from Jerusalem. And he shall judge among many people, and rebuke strong nations afar off; and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruninghooks: nation shall not lift up a sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.
As many of us know, the above verse talks of the Reign of Messiah, in which the House of God and Jerusalem are both mentioned to be active and very much in existence.
While the Church/Synagogue are assemblies of people, the Temple in Jerusalem was a vessel for God to have an existence on the earth. It was His palace on earth from where He ruled as King over His people.
You may have heard some of today's church buildings being called the House of God. While our bodies are called the "House of God" in several places in the New Testament, nowhere has a building ever been called the Temple/House of God, or equated to the Temple that stood in Jerusalem.
Even though the Temple in Jerusalem was known to be a place of high importance in the scriptures, there are many who believe that the Temple was purposeless after the Resurrection of Messiah. The fact that the early church spent most of their time in the temple(Acts 2:46) and that Apostle Paul offered sacrifices of purification at the temple(Acts 21:26,27, 24:18) should be enough to show that the importance of the Temple never dwindled in their eyes.
Many question the necessity of the temple because of verses such as:
Act 7:48-50 Howbeit the most High dwelleth not in temples made with hands; as saith the prophet, Heaven is my throne, and earth is my footstool: what house will ye build me? saith the Lord: or what is the place of my rest? Hath not my hand made all these things?
Act 17:24 God that made the world and all things therein, seeing that he is Lord of heaven and earth, dwelleth not in temples made with hands;
The fact is that the thoughts conveyed above by Stephen and Paul are nothing new, but originate from the Old Testament Scriptures. The Temple was not a place made for God to live in, as even the Heavens cannot contain Him. These thoughts are not new ideas revealed after Christ, but what was always apparent to everyone before Christ.
1Ki 8:27 But will God indeed dwell on the earth? behold, the heaven and heaven of heavens cannot contain thee; how much less this house that I have builded?
2Ch 2:6 But who is able to build him an house, seeing the heaven and heaven of heavens cannot contain him? who am I then, that I should build him an house, save only to burn sacrifice before him?
2Ch 6:18 But will God in very deed dwell with men on the earth? behold, heaven and the heaven of heavens cannot contain thee; how much less this house which I have built!
Isa 66:1 Thus saith the LORD, The heaven is my throne, and the earth is my footstool: where is the house that ye build unto me? and where is the place of my rest?
Also read Paul and his use of Greek Philosophy on Acts 17:24
The Temple was never built to contain God, but as a place/vessel/body that was specially chosen to host His Holy presence on Earth. It is very unlikely that the significance of the Temple ever changed after Messiah's resurrection, because of this reason.
Another reason many do not see a reason for a physical Temple in Jerusalem, is because of the thought that Christ replaced it. It is true that He equaled Himself to the Temple(John 2:19-21). Rightly so, as God's full glory resided in Christ just as in the Temple.
Verses such as these have led people to believe that Christ has done away the Temple of God:
Joh 4:21 Jesus saith unto her, Woman, believe me, the hour cometh, when ye shall neither in this mountain, nor yet at Jerusalem, worship the Father.
Mar 15:37,38 And Jesus cried with a loud voice, and gave up the ghost. And the veil of the temple was rent in twain from the top to the bottom.
While John 4:21 could be most likely speaking of the destruction about to fall of Jerusalem as He spoke of many a time in His ministry(Luk 19:44, 21:6), the idea of the Veil being torn has become one, if not the main reason that many believe in the futility of a Temple. In the Gospels, Christ's death leads to the veil of the Temple being torn in two. Many interpret this as a sign that the separation between God and Man was removed through this act, and that we can now freely go into the holiest of holies. While I do not disagree that Christ's Death & Resurrection corrected our standing with God, I see a few key details which need to be pointed out before we make any assumptions.
It is important to point out that there were 2 veils in the Temple. One which separated the Courts from the Holy place and one which separated the Holy place from the Holiest of Holies. In Hebrews 9:3, when the author speaks of the veil between the Holy place from the Holiest of Holies – He calls it "the second veil". So it is very likely that what was torn was the outer veil. Furthermore, if the Temple acted as a Garment/Covering that encapsulated God, the tearing of the Veil at the death of Messiah could signify an act of mourning done by God towards His only begotten Son. We see similar practices in the Scriptures in Gen 37:34, 2Sam 13:31, Jos 7:6.
Some believe that our bodies have wholly replaced the Temple in Jerusalem. There are many verses in the New Testament writings that compare our bodies to the Temple of God, such as:
1Co 3:16 Know ye not that ye are the temple of God, and that the Spirit of God dwelleth in you?
1Co 6:19 What? know ye not that your body is the temple of the Holy Ghost which is in you, which ye have of God, and ye are not your own?
2Co 6:16 And what agreement hath the temple of God with idols? for ye are the temple of the living God; as God hath said, I will dwell in them, and walk in them; and I will be their God, and they shall be my people.
Eph 2:21 In whom all the building fitly framed together groweth unto an holy temple in the Lord:
1Pe 2:5 Ye also, as lively stones, are built up a spiritual house, an holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices, acceptable to God by Jesus Christ.
So what are we to make of this? Have our bodies replaced any remnant of a physical Temple in Jerusalem? While our bodies are a dwelling place for God, as Paul himself writes in 2Corinthians 6:16, he is quoting "I will dwell in them, and walk in them" from the Old Testament Scriptures (Exo 29:45, Lev 26:12, Eze 43:7). So it is not a new thought to think of ones body as a dwelling place for God.
The physical Temple in Jerusalem on the other hand, is a central part of both God's Word and prophecy.
Isa 2:2,3 And it shall come to pass in the last days, that the mountain of the LORD'S house shall be established in the top of the mountains, and shall be exalted above the hills; and all nations shall flow unto it. And many people shall go and say, Come ye, and let us go up to the mountain of the LORD, to the house of the God of Jacob; and he will teach us of his ways, and we will walk in his paths: for out of Zion shall go forth the law, and the word of the LORD from Jerusalem.
Isa 56:6,7 Also the sons of the stranger, that join themselves to the LORD, to serve him, and to love the name of the LORD, to be his servants, every one that keepeth the sabbath from polluting it, and taketh hold of my covenant; Even them will I bring to my holy mountain, and make them joyful in my house of prayer: their burnt offerings and their sacrifices shall be accepted upon mine altar; for mine house shall be called an house of prayer for all people.
See Ezekiel chapter 40 to 48
As we saw God instituted the tabernacle, and later the temple in Jerusalem, while the synagogue and the church both stood for bodies of people and not physical structures. While God is not contained in a man-made house, it was His choice to create such a place for His glory to reside and for the people to come to Him with the designated Sacrifices. While not all assemblies or buildings can be called "The House of God" in a Biblical sense, The Temple of God is for from an abolished precept. Yeshua(Jesus' true name), His disciples or Paul never directly said anything about the Temple being anything other than the House of God. In fact the interaction between the Temple and the 1st century believers was a close one, as we even see with Paul. The tearing of the veil at Christ's death or the fact that our bodies are called a dwelling place of God, does not mean that the Temple in Jerusalem was any less important in the Bible we hold in our hands today.
This entry was posted in Biblical Definitions, Main, Studies and tagged 3rd temple, Ark, Assembly, building, Christ, Christian, Church, Covenant, dwelling place, Herod, house of god, Israel, Jerusalem, levites, mikdawsh, mishkawn, Moses, Old Testament, replace, rome, Solomon, Synagogue, tabernacle, temple, tent, titus, Vail, Veil on November 25, 2016 by rameshdesilva.
The unknown Assyrian Exile
Most Christians have heard of the Babylonian Exile of the Israelites. We are familiar with the story of Daniel, and have heard about the Babylonian king named Nebuchadnezzar. But what about the Assyrian Exile? Why is it that Christians do not even have a clue about this event?
Don't believe me? Let's turn to history. The National Geographic Society has published a book called "Essential Visual History of the World" which contains a very concise history of all the major civilizations and kingdoms of the earth. In this book, you find empires such as Egypt, Syria, Persia, India, China right upto Greece, Rome and even into modern history of the great World Wars. The interesting pages that caught my eye, was the ones that mentioned "the Israelites". In page 42 & 43 of the book (pictured below), it clearly mentions the division of the Kingdom into North & South and of its fall into Assyria and Babylon respectively.
Click on thumbnail for expanded view
If you were like me, you would be scratching your head thinking where an Exile to Assyria is even mentioned in the Scriptures? The reason we do not know about this event is because very rarely do Christians read the lengthy, name heavy, books of Kings & Chronicles.
For a thorough examination of the Divided Kingdom of Israel, and how it effects our understanding of God's Word, read the following posts;
Parable of the Prodigal Son and the 2 Houses of Israel
Here is a very brief look at what happened to Israel after the reign of King Solomon
1. After David, Solomon was anointed King and when Solomon was old, his many wives made him sin against God (1Kin 11:4-7).
2. As punishment, Solomon's servant Jeroboam received 10 tribes to rule over, and the rest were ruled by Solomon's son, Rehoboam (1Kin 11:30,31/ 1Kin 12:16,17).
3. Rehoboam ruled over the Tribe of Judah & Benjamin, collectively called the "House of Judah" (1Kin 12:23).
4. From this point onwards in the Books of 1st & 2nd Kings, Jeroboam and his Sons ruled over what was called "The House of Israel" in the north of the land while Rehoboam and his Sons ruled over what was called "The House of Judah" in the south of the land.
5. After much rebellion against God, and not giving ear to the Prophets, The House of Israel was taken captive to Assyria(2Kin 17:6,18,23).
6. The Majority of them were scattered among the nations(Hos 8:8, Jer 31:10).
7. Even though, The House of Judah, was much better than The House of Israel, they also disobeyed God and was taken captive to Babylon(Dan 1:1,2).
8. God let Judah return back to their land after 70 yrs in exile(Jer 29:10, Ezr 2:1, Neh 7:6).
The divided Kingdom of Israel, was known as the "House of Israel" & the "House of Judah" from the time after the death of King Solomon. The New Covenant was made exclusively with these two divided houses/kingdoms as we can see below.
Jer 31:31 Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah:
Heb 8:8 For finding fault with them, he saith, Behold, the days come, saith the Lord, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah:
The Scriptures do not speak of a New Covenant made with any other nation. Christ himself said "I am not sent but unto the lost sheep of the house of Israel" (Mat 15:24). This was the same Good News prophesied by Ezekiel when he spoke of a day when the 2 kingdoms would be united under one shepherd.
Eze 37:16-24 Moreover, thou son of man, take thee one stick, and write upon it, For Judah, and for the children of Israel his companions: then take another stick, and write upon it, For Joseph, the stick of Ephraim, and for all the house of Israel his companions: And join them one to another into one stick; and they shall become one in thine hand. And when the children of thy people shall speak unto thee, saying, Wilt thou not shew us what thou meanest by these? Say unto them, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I will take the stick of Joseph, which is in the hand of Ephraim, and the tribes of Israel his fellows, and will put them with him, even with the stick of Judah, and make them one stick, and they shall be one in mine hand. And the sticks whereon thou writest shall be in thine hand before their eyes. And say unto them, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I will take the children of Israel from among the heathen, whither they be gone, and will gather them on every side, and bring them into their own land: And I will make them one nation in the land upon the mountains of Israel; and one king shall be king to them all: and they shall be no more two nations, neither shall they be divided into two kingdoms any more at all: Neither shall they defile themselves any more with their idols, nor with their detestable things, nor with any of their transgressions: but I will save them out of all their dwellingplaces, wherein they have sinned, and will cleanse them: so shall they be my people, and I will be their God. And David my servant shall be king over them; and they all shall have one shepherd: they shall also walk in my judgments, and observe my statutes, and do them.
This is the same mystery that Paul spoke of, when he explained that all believers are grafted into the Olive tree, which is God's people "Israel" in Romans Chapter 11. (Compare Rom 11:19 and Jer 11:16). All of prophecy in the Scriptures hang on the simple fact of the division, dispersion and regathering of His people under Christ our Shepherd. How can we understand any of these complex ideas given to us in Scripture, if we do not understand the basics that even History proclaims to be true?
My prayer for each of you who have not heard of this part of history, is that you would search the Scriptures and read for yourself, so you would be able to better understand everything written by the Prophets as well as the New Testament writers such as Paul, bringing you to a closer walk with our Heavenly Father.
This entry was posted in Main, Studies and tagged Assyria, Babylon, captivity, Daniel, Divided, Ephraim, Exile, grafted in, History, house, Israel, Jeroboam, Jew, Judah, Kingdom, nation, National Geographic, Nebuchadnezzar, New Covenant, North, Olive tree, prophecy, Rehobaom, shepherd, Solomon, South on March 22, 2014 by rameshdesilva.
Biblical significance of Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka, the island known as "the Pearl of the Indian Ocean" because of it's natural beauty and it's rich biodiversity, is truly a country of many wonders that scores of tourists can attest to. Formerly known as Taprobane, Serendib and Ceylon, this little island has been a base point in ancient trade routes and have been occupied by the Portuguese, Dutch & the British as well as been entangled in a civil war for two decades in the recent past. With all of the things that have happened in this little island nation, Sri Lankans (at least the ones living in the rural areas) are still known for their warm smiles and hospitality.
Since of late, with corruption running rampant, there has been a trend where Sri Lankans have started looking out into the world. Most people see no place for themselves in Sri Lanka. Others dream of migrating to other countries in search of better living standards.
I would not dismiss the fact that there are lots of reasons for a person to think this way. But there could be an equal amount of reasons to stay. I believe God has placed us in our own individual countries for a reason. However bad it is, or can get, I still believe we have been placed there for a reason. This belief of mine has got strengthened in the last few months by some interesting facts I learned both through Historical documents and God's Word about our little island nation, Sri Lanka.
Cinnamon and its use in the Old Testament
In Exo 30:22-29, God Almighty instructs Moses on the productions of the Anointing Oil to be used in the Tabernacle, specifying the use of Cinnamon. While most Cinnamon variants are known as "Cassia", True Cinnamon is native to Sri Lanka. It is very interesting to note that both Cassia and Cinnamon are specified in Exo 30:23,24; Leading us to believe that there had to be trade of Cinnamon happening at the time of Moses (1500BC approx). Furthermore, both the Book of Proverbs and the Songs of Solomon record "Cinnamon"(Pro 7:17, Son 4:14) leading us to believe that King Solomon also would have engaged in the purchase of Cinnamon, using his trade ships.
Why would God create one of the most aromatic Spices in the world, in this small island and then specify it's usage in the Anointing Oil used inside the Tabernacle?
Could the "Tharshish" in the Old Testament be "Sri Lanka"?
The Scriptures inform us of King Solomon engaging in trade with a distant country called "Tharshish"(1Kin 10:22). The city of Galle, which is a historical site (with UNESCO World Heritage listing) occupied by the Dutch in the 1700's is also the place identified as the "Tharshish" in the Old Testament according to folklore. There are several reasons to believe that Sri Lanka could be the Biblical Tharshish.
"Tharshish" was a Grandson of Japheth, son of Noah(Gen 10:2,4). And he and his descendants are said to have inhabited "the isles of the Gentiles".
"Tharshish" is mentioned to be an island (Isa 23:6, Psa 72:10)
"Tharshish" could not have been an island near the land of Israel, as it took 3 years for the return journey (1Kin 10:22, 2Chr 9:21)
Gold, Silver, Ivory, Apes & Peacocks which were brought from "Tharshish" (1Kin 10:22) were all available in Sri Lanka.
James Emerson Tennant, appointed colonial secretary of Ceylon in 1845, identified Sri Lanka to have traded with the ships of Hiram and King Solomon [a].
Samuel Bochart was one of the first to suggest "Cape Comorin" in Tamil Nadu – India as "Ophir" and Kudremalee in Ceylon for "Tarshish".[b]
Jon 1:3, 4:2 records how Jonah decides to flee to Tharshish from the presence of God. If Tarshish was in fact "Sri Lanka", it would have made sense for him to flee to this country far away from the land of Israel, where trade used to happen.
Could King Solomon have had strong relationships with Sri Lanka through trade?
Vama Vamadevan argues based on early manuscripts that Solomon's ships sailed to the land of Ophir, the land of the Nagas, early descendants of the Island of Sri Lanka[c]. Tennant supports this claim by providing an extensive review of Hebrew and Persian literature[d].
In his study of 6th century Greek writer Cosmas Indicopleustes known as the "Indian Navigator", eminent classical studies scholar D.P.M. Weerakkody argues points, to the existence of Sri Lanka being an important site of international commerce in the eastern trade route.[e]
Sir Thomas Herbert, who visited the island in 1640, says it "was famous in some old conjectures as a place where King Solomon had his Gold of Ophir".[f]
It has also been suggested that "there were two places called Tharshish to which the Pheonecians traded, one in the north where they brought tin, iron and lead, and one in the east which supplied ivory and gold, an island governed by a king, and having a large foreign trade"[g]
It is also a well known fact that Sri Lanka has always been a trading point for "precious stones" such as sapphires and rubies which were used in King Solomon's time. (1Kin 5:17)
Did Sri Lanka contain a strong Jewish presence?
Please keep in mind that by the 5th Century BC, the people left in the land of Israel were only of the House of Judah. This is where the word "Jew" originates from. From that time, all of Israel has been called "Jews", even though this is not the case. (Please read this article for more information on the subject).
Islamic geographic Abdullah el Idris (sometimes known as Edrisi) in Scriptorum Arabum de Rebus Indicis Loci notes that in the ninth century, the Sinhala King [likely to be Kasyapa IV ruled 858 – 891] who advocated an integrated society built around religious tolerance established a council of sixteen officials to advise him: "… four were Buddhists, four Mussulums [sic], four Christians and four Jews"[h].
A Ninth Century scholar repeats the above account observed by Abou-Zeyd-Hassan in The Two Mahometans, Part II (written around 911) drawing on the accounts of Ibn Wahab, who mentions "Jews and Manicheans in the service of the king who was tolerant to all religions", [i]
A Captain in the Portugese Company named Joao Riberiro, In his travel writings describes a trade and food fair where Jews participated that ran for fifty days. He writes:
Half a league to windward on the same shore all the businessmen who come there assemble and a free Fair is held, laid out like some gallant city with streets and rows of shops; where they collect every kind of merchandise which our discoveries trade in with the nations of Europe and the whole of Asia. For this purpose they bring their gold, silver in bars and wrought, all kinds of precious stones, amber, perfumes, carpets, meleques, money with the rarities of all provinces of the world, in such a fashion that if there is anything anywhere of which one can spend time and money seeing it, it is this great Fair. From the surroundings is brought every variety of food, and though the people are numerous and of various races and religions – Christians, Jews, Moors and gentiles – they can all obtain the food to which they are accustomed. [j]
During the Portuguese era, traders from the Red Sea region frequently visited the ports of Colombo and Galle to ply their trade[k]
In a piece on trade, using materials found in sealed storage unit in a synagogue in Old Cairo, Goiten refers to a number of Indo- Hebraic trade letters and notes that during the eleventh/twelfth centuries the 'Indian' merchants who originated from North Africa and Spain were expected to "…read Hebrew as well as Arabic but not everybody was fluent in writing". (In these writings India is not confined to the nation state of today, but extends to include the Island of Sri Lanka and beyond) [l]
If you are a Sri Lankan, as well as a believer in Messiah Yeshua (Jesus' true name), these facts should give you a fresh perspective on the importance of the place of your birth. Each of us have been placed in our respective countries for a reason and a specific purpose. We are here to do His will, who has planned the end from the beginning. We should embrace the Countries of our birth rather than reject them and run away from them. God's people are scattered around the globe, and it is our duty to take His Word to all who would give ear to Him, wherever we live.
Special thanks to Dr F. K. Campbell for her excellent research paper "A Historical Appraisal of Jewish Presence in Sri Lanka" which some of the above historical information was extracted from.
[a] According to Tennant the Hebrew terms for Ivory, Apes, and Peacocks, c.f. 1 King, 10:22, is identical with the Tamil names for these objects. The errors in the work of Tennant have been corrected to the extent to which they have been identified. Tennent, James Emerson. 1859. Ceylon: An Account of the Island Physical, Historical and Topographical with Notices of its Natural History, Antiquities and Productions, Vol II, London: Longman, Green & Roberts (Reprinted 1999, Asian Educational Services, New Delhi).
[b] Bochart, Geo. Sacra, iii. 27.
[c] Vama Vamadevan. (2000). Were There Jews in Medieval Ceylon?" The Ceylankan, Vol 11, I, No. 2, May, pp 19 -20.
[d] Tennant, Ceylon: An Account of the Island vol II, Chap I. p.100 – 103.
[e] Weerakkody, DPM, 1981, Ancient Sri Lanka as Described by Cosmas, in Sri Lankan Journal of Humanities, Vol VII, No. 1 & 2, pp, 107 – 127, 112; Weerakkody, DPM. 1997. Indicopleustoi Archaelogies of the Indian Ocean, Taprobanê: Ancient Sri Lanka as known to Greeks and Romans, Brespols, Turnhourt. Bopearachchi, Codrington's Studies, does acknowledge that in the fifth century Sri Lanka became a main centre of trade (p.53), which incorporates the period of the late Roman empire.
[f] Sir T. Herbert's Trav. p. 306.
[g] Tennent, Ceylon, ii, pp.99,100, ed 1859.
[h] Scriptorum Arabum de Rebus Indicis Loci, 1838. (Translated by Johannes Gildemesister), p. 53, I Climate, section 6, quoted Tennant, Ceylon: An Account of the Island, Vol 1 , pp561 – 562, footnote 2..
[i] (Weerakkody, DPM, 1981, Ancient Sri Lanka as Described by Cosmas, in Sri Lankan Journal of Humanities, Vol VII, No. 1 & 2, pp, 107 – 127, 112.)
[j] Quoted in H.A.J. Hulugalle. (2000). Ceylon of the early Traveller, 5th edition, Arjuna Hulugalle Dictionaries, Colombo, p. 110 – 111. Original source: Ribeirom J. (1909). Ceilao, trans Paul. E. Pieris, Colombo.
[k] Tennant, Ceylon: An Account of the Island, Vol II, Chap. 1, p.27.
[l] Goitein, S. D. (1954). From the Mediterranean to India: Documents on the Trade to India, South Arabia, and East Africa from the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries, Speculum, Vol. 29, No. 2, Part 1: 181-197.
This entry was posted in About, Main and tagged anointing oil, Asia, cassia, Ceylon, cinnamon, galle, gems, Jews, Old Cairo, ophir, precious stones, ruby, Samuel Bochart, sapphire, Solomon, Sri Lanka, Sri Lankan, tabernacle, tarshish, tharshish on October 16, 2013 by rameshdesilva.


Discussion in 'Z3 Roadster & Coupé' started by alan36, Dec 7, 2011.
After I fitted a new thermostat to the car last weekend when I start it from cold now it runs really rough for a minute or two. It used to start no problem at all and now sometimes it actually cuts out unless I rev the engine.
What could this be peeps.
The cam sensors are prone to failure which will cause rough idling and stalling. The sensor is easy to fit but it may be worth getting a code reader to hook up to the car to see if there are any error codes.
Is your engine a M43 or M44?


Quantification of losses needs to be based on factual evidence, documents and witness statements, as well as expert reports.
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Losses should be: (i) foreseeable; (ii) caused by the wrongful act; and (ii) not excluded from recovery by public or social policy.
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Where a claim for past loss depends on hypothetical acts of third parties, the claimant needs only to show that it had a substantial chance, rather than a speculative one, of enjoying the benefits conferred by third parties. Once past this hurdle, the likelihood that the benefit or opportunity would have occurred is relevant only to the quantification of damages.
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