text:
Q: Google Map not showing up in my app I recently been updating my app and now my google maps is not showing up. It just shows up blank with the plus and minus buttons and nothing else.
My map fragment is:
import com.google.android.gms.maps.GoogleMap;
import com.google.android.gms.maps.SupportMapFragment;

public class BreweryTappedMap extends Fragment {

    public BreweryTappedMap(){}

    String beerId = "";
    GoogleMap mMap;
    private SupportMapFragment fragment;
    private GoogleMap map;
    String userID;

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        View rootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.activity_brewmap, container, false);
        setHasOptionsMenu(true);
        SharedPreferences prefs = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(getActivity());
        String userName = prefs.getString("userName", null);
        userID = prefs.getString("userID", null);
        return rootView;
    }

    @Override
    public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
        FragmentManager fm = getChildFragmentManager();
        fragment = (SupportMapFragment) fm.findFragmentById(R.id.map);
        if (fragment == null) {
            fragment = SupportMapFragment.newInstance();
            fm.beginTransaction().replace(R.id.map, fragment).commit();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        if (map == null) {
            map = fragment.getMap();
            String url = "myMap";

            new GetVisitedBreweries(getActivity(), map).execute(url);        }
    }
}

The xml layout is:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:map="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" >

    <RelativeLayout
        android:id="@+id/map"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content">
    </RelativeLayout>
</RelativeLayout>

My android manifest:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.mike.beerportfoliomaterial" >

    <uses-feature
        android:glEsVersion="0x00020000"
        android:required="true"/>

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"/>

    <!-- Permission to write to external storage -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="com.google.android.providers.gsf.permission.READ_GSERVICES"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CALL_PHONE" />

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@drawable/logo"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >

        <activity android:label="@string/app_name" android:name="com.example.mike.beerportfoliomaterial.MainActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/>

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>

        <receiver android:name="com.example.mike.beerportfoliomaterial.HelloWidget" android:label="Beer of the Day">
            <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.appwidget.action.APPWIDGET_UPDATE" />
                <action android:name="android.appwidget.action.APPWIDGET_ENABLED" />
            </intent-filter>

            <meta-data android:name="android.appwidget.provider" android:resource="@xml/hello_widget_provider" />

        </receiver>

        <receiver android:name="com.example.mike.beerportfoliomaterial.SearchWidget" android:label="Search ">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.appwidget.action.APPWIDGET_UPDATE" />
                <action android:name="android.appwidget.action.APPWIDGET_ENABLED" />
            </intent-filter>

            <meta-data android:name="android.appwidget.provider" android:resource="@xml/search_widget" />

        </receiver>

        <activity android:label="@string/app_name" android:name="com.example.mike.beerportfoliomaterial.LogIn">
            <intent-filter>
                <category android:name="android.intent.category"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>

        <activity android:label="@string/app_name" android:name="com.example.mike.beerportfoliomaterial.Register" android:screenOrientation="portrait">
            <intent-filter>
                <category android:name="android.intent.category"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>

        <activity android:label="@string/app_name" android:name="com.example.mike.beerportfoliomaterial.MainDraw" android:screenOrientation="portrait">
            <intent-filter>
                <category android:name="android.intent.category"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <activity android:label="@string/app_name" android:name="com.example.mike.beerportfoliomaterial.MainDrawer2" android:screenOrientation="portrait">
            <intent-filter>
                <category android:name="android.intent.category"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <meta-data android:name="com.crashlytics.ApiKey" android:value="myKey"/>

        <meta-data
            android:name="com.google.android.maps.v2.API_KEY"
            android:value="myMapsKey"/>

    </application>
</manifest>

A: I got the same issue, this is because of API key. By default I have used debug.keystore to generate the SHA-1 key and I got he API key from Google I have used it on developing time. Once the app is signed then the map wont work, so you have to  Generate SHA-1 key using same keystore file used for Signing the app.

A: I think you also need this in your manifest application tag to enable Google play service :
     <meta-data
        android:name="com.google.android.gms.version"
        android:value="@integer/google_play_services_version" />

Heres how to add it as a lib :
http://developer.android.com/google/play-services/setup.html
For me adding this worked in my /app/gradle dependencies :
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services:+'

A: If you get @integer/google_play_services_version it usually means you have not added the Google Play services library to your project.

A: You need to build using a certificate. Until you do so, google will not "waste" its map resources on your app :).
This link should help you.
Did you copy the needed libs in the libs folder ?


text:
Q: Replace the first character of each line In vi, how to replace the first character in each line if it is the specified character a with another character !? If the first character is space,do not do anything.

A: Or using global command :g
:g/^a/s//!
this will automatically skip all lines that begin with a space or a character that does not match ^a and replace all matching with !

A: Global substitute the first character of a line if it is 'a':
:%s/^[a]/!/

Global substitute the first character of a line if it is not space:
:%s/^[^ ]/!/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Chicken Street ( Koch-e Murgha) is a narrow street located in the Shahr-e Naw district of Kabul east of the Asamayi. It has been an iconic shopping street in the city and popular with foreigners, famous for its carpets, handicrafts and antiques.

History

Chicken Street was the major attraction for foreigners during the Hippie trail from the 1960s to late 1970s. Afghan coats, bracelets and plenty of hashish made it popular. Hippies would also smoke opium here. Along with hotels, it provided items for the travelers to use en route towards Kathmandu. The street and tourism in general declined with the start of the Soviet–Afghan War.

Following the United States invasion of Afghanistan and the influx of  foreign diplomats and other visitors, the street was thriving again for it became a popular place for Afghan souvenirs. Traditional Afghan rugs and lapis lazuli stones were popular with shoppers. Emerald, rubies, exotic food and artists selling paintings are among the other attractions on offer. However the departure of most foreign NATO troops by 2014 led to a significant downturn in business. Security issues have also hampered business.

Despite its name, the street is not known for its sale of chickens - those are instead sold on the adjacent Flower Street.

In popular culture
Chicken Street was the subject of the eponymous 2005 novel by Amanda Sthers.

The street is featured in the 2007 documentary film 16 Days in Afghanistan.

See also
 Freak Street

References

Streets in Kabul
Hippie movement

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


This white paper demonstrates how to set up iStorage Server to be able to connect to it using WinCE iSCSI Initiator. That allows to greatly expand storage in any Windows Mobile or Windows Embedded device.
KernSafe WinCE iSCSI Initiator allows user to connect to any iSCSI SAN, such as iStorage Server from any Windows Embedded or Mobile device. It allows to connect to such target over Wi-FI, 3G or 4G network. Like mentioned before, it allows to greatly expand storage in those devices without any special hardware. That can benefit to both personal and business users.


text:
Readers ask: What Is Airport Code Clt?
1 What City Airport is CLT?
2 Is CLT a big airport?
3 Does CLT mean Charlotte?
4 What is the best way to pick someone up at the airport?
5 How busy is the Charlotte airport?
6 Is 30 minutes enough time to catch a connecting flight?
7 Is 40 minutes enough time for a layover in Charlotte?
8 Is CLT a good airport?
9 What does CLT mean in text?
10 What is the full form of CLT?
11 What is CLT state?
12 Does Charlotte airport have a tram?
13 How many runways does Charlotte?
14 What is the biggest airport in the US?
What City Airport is CLT?
Charlotte Douglas International Airport (CLT) was established in 1935 and opened as Charlotte Municipal Airport before its name was changed to Douglas Municipal Airport, honoring former Mayor Ben Elbert Douglas, Sr. The Airport became known as Charlotte Douglas International Airport in 1982.
Is CLT a big airport?
Charlotte Airport is currently the second largest hub for American Airlines after Dallas Forth Worth International Airport and, on the East Coast, it is the second largest airport, serving more than 161 non-stop destinations worldwide and more than 700 departures/landings daily.
Does CLT mean Charlotte?
To get Queen's Park to promote CLT in the North will take serious pressure from Northern politicians.
CLT Center for Law and Technology
CLT Charlotte, NC, USA – Charlotte/Douglas International Airport (Airport Code)
What is the best way to pick someone up at the airport?
If you plan to meet them inside the airport, park in short-term parking and wait outside of their terminal. Alternatively, meet them curbside if you don't want to go inside the airport. If you aren't able to pick your traveler up, you can schedule a ride to be ready for your arriving party when they land.
You might be interested: FAQ: Where Is Clt Airport?
How busy is the Charlotte airport?
The busiest times for Charlotte airport security are from 5:00 PM to 6:00 PM when the wait can be 29 minutes. The shortest wait times are between 4AM and 5AM on Wednesdays, where you may only experience a 2 minute wait.
Is 30 minutes enough time to catch a connecting flight?
Pad Your Schedule for Airport Connections
Getting off a plane and walking to a distant departure gate can easily condense a 30–minute connection into almost nothing. Consider allowing at least 60 to 90 minutes for a U.S. domestic connection, and at least two hours for an international connection.
Is 40 minutes enough time for a layover in Charlotte?
MCT (minimum connection time) is 40 minutes for domestic to domestic in CLT. A minimum 1 hour scheduled connection time should be sufficient for domestic connections. Anything less is pushing it. It is doable.
Is CLT a good airport?
Charlotte Douglas International Airport is among the best in the nation, according to a new report that ranked the busiest U.S. airports on criteria fliers care about like on-time flights and lounges and restaurants.
What does CLT mean in text?
Summary of Key Points
Definition: Currently Listening To
Type: Abbreviation
Guessability: 4: Difficult to guess
Typical Users: Adults and Teenagers
What is the full form of CLT?
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Communicative language teaching (CLT), or the communicative approach, is an approach to language teaching that emphasizes interaction as both the means and the ultimate goal of study.
What is CLT state?
The central limit theorem (CLT) states that the distribution of sample means approximates a normal distribution as the sample size gets larger. A key aspect of CLT is that the average of the sample means and standard deviations will equal the population mean and standard deviation.
You might be interested: What Airport Is Closest To Niagara Falls Canada?
Does Charlotte airport have a tram?
CLT consists of one terminal building connecting five concourses (A-E) as shown on the terminal map. There are no trams or shuttles to catch to connect from one flight to another. All concourses and aircraft gates are accessible from any security checkpoint.
How many runways does Charlotte?
The airport features one crosswind and three parallel runways. The runways, designated 18C/36C, 18R/36L and 18L/36R, have a length of 10,000ft, 9,000ft and 8,676ft respectively. The 5/23 is a 7,500ft-long crosswind runway.
What is the biggest airport in the US?
Denver International Airport is the largest US airport by size, covering a surface of 137.26 km² (33,917 acres).
Previous Previous post: Iad Is What Airport?
Next Next post: Often asked: What Is The Closest Airport To Zion National Park?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Intrepid Web Studio, One of the leading software development company in Chennai has started this new venture, Intrepid It Services to prove It services and support for its existing and New clients.
Intrepid It Services provides Services to fast growing and established customers to accelerate the growth of the company with the help of Technology. Industry-wide experience, deep technology expiries and strong portfolio are the key strengths of Intrepid IT Services.
Intrepid It services provides Services such as scalable Web Application Development, cloud and mobile. It also provides seamless online marketing services to its clients which give them an external push over their competitors. Apart from these Intrepid it services has also started to provide IT Support solution for its customers.
Dedication, Innovation, Smart work, Constant learning and sharing are some of the key factors of success of Intrepid It Services.
To grow our current position of fast growing software development company into a worldwide IT solutions company that leads the software industry in the globe.
Our success is dependent to our client growth; we keep that in mind and provide our clients with highest standard of products and quality services in a most efficient way.
To provide solutions for our clients that not only satisfies them and also assists them to grow to newer heights.
We always maintain a long lasting customer relationship to ensure their goals are reached easily with our effective solutions, we focus on customer's growth rather than delivering their solutions, and we analyze and customize the requirement of our clients to ensure it is the best solution for them.


BISMARCK – Equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM) has been confirmed recently in horses in several states, including Idaho, Arizona, Nevada, California and Iowa.
Owners of horses that have traveled in those areas recently are being advised to keep their horses in isolation for two weeks and monitor for clinical signs, which include: fever, nasal discharge, depression, incoordination, hind limb weakness, loss of tail tone, loss of bladder tone, dog sitting position, and inability to rise.
Those planning to travel with their horses out of state or to events in North Dakota where out-of-state horses may participate should visit with their veterinarian regarding booster vaccinations and potential exposures to EHM.
EHM can be spread through the air, contaminated equipment, clothing and hands. Biosecurity measures that can reduce the risk of spreading the disease include avoiding shared food or water containers and preventing nose-to-nose contact.
Any horses entering North Dakota for any length of time must be accompanied by a certificate of veterinary inspection and a negative Equine Infectious Anemia test.
Although highly infectious and contagious among horses, EHM poses no threat to human health.


Designer Lee Broom launched his Salon Collection at the London Design Festival, which just ended about a week ago. Inspired by the curvaceous lines of 1930s upholstery and with accentuated modern stud detailing, this collection brings the best of the classic – with some bling.
Speaking of bling, Lee Broom has chosen to exaggerate the hand finished and hand applied studding to create that modern look. This is in contrast to using studding to hide aspects of the manufacturing process. By working with quality British craftsman, Lee Broom strives to ensure the quality of each of his creations.
The Salon collection includes six pieces – an armchair, dining chair, sofa, footstool, drum seat and cushions. Different color choices are available – choose from beiges, greys, blacks and whites. If you want to have more fun, try wool, velvet and leather finishes.
Very funky. Classic lines but the bling gives it an edge.
Definitely should follow his career! I like his designs, concepts and his thought process.


text:
What has America become? (opinion)
Wednesday, April 11, 2012 by: Hesh Goldstein
Tags: America, special interests, civil rights
https://www.naturalnews.com/035550_America_special_interests_civil_rights.html
(NaturalNews) It seems that America has become the land of the special interest and the home of the double standard. If we lie to Congress it's a felony, but if Congress lies to us it's just politics; if we dislike a black person we're racist, but if a black person dislikes us it's their 1st Amendment right; the government spends millions to rehabilitate criminals, but the do almost nothing for the victims; in public schools you can teach that homosexuality is OK, but you better not use the word God in the process; you can kill an unborn child, but it's wrong to execute a mass murderer; we don't burn books in America, we simply rewrite them; we got rid of the communist and socialist threat by renaming them progressives; we are unable to close our border to Mexico, but have no problem protecting the 38th parallel in Korea; if you protest President Obama's policies you are a terrorist, but if you burned an American flag or George Bush in effigy it is your 1st Amendment right.
You can have pornography on TV or the internet, but you better not put a nativity scene in a public park during Christmas; we have eliminated all criminals in America, but now we call them sick people; we can use a human fetus for medical research, but it's wrong to use an animal.
We take money from those who work hard for it and give it to those who don't want to work; we all support the Constitution, but only when it supports our political ideology; we still have freedom of speech, but only if we are being politically correct; parenting has been replaced with Ritalin and video games; the land of opportunity is now the land of hand-outs; the similarity between Hurricane Katrina and the gulf oil spill is that neither president did anything to help.
And how do we handle a major crisis today? The government appoints a committee to determine who's at fault, then threatens them, passes a law, raises our taxes, and tells us the problem is solved so they can get back to their reelection campaign.
We have candidates running for office wooing us with promises and platitudes for our votes and when elected become "hookers" for the corporations and caring little for those that elected them; we have Governors, Dept of Agriculture heads, Attorney Generals and Legislators that eagerly accept campaign contributions from food polluting companies that think nothing of threatening lawsuits to states that want to pass bills giving the people the opportunity of knowing what they eat.
What has happened to the land of the free and the home of the brave?
I have been doing a weekly radio show in Honolulu since 1981 called "Health Talk". In 2007 I was "forced" to get a Masters degree in Nutrition because of all the doctors that would call in asking for my credentials. They do not call in anymore. Going to www.healthtalkhawaii.com enables you, among other things, to listen to the shows. I am an activist. In addition to espousing an organic vegan diet for optimum health, I am strongly opposed to GMOs, vaccines, processed foods, MSG, aspartame, fluoridation and everything else that the pimps (Big Pharma, Monsanto and the large food companies) and the hookers (the doctors, the government agencies, the public health officials, and the mainstream media) thrust upon us, the tricks.
After being vaccinated with the DTP vaccine as a child I developed asthma. After taking the organic sulfur crystals (they are harvested from the pine trees in Louisiana) in November of 2008 for 10 days my asthma reversed and has not come back over 4 years later, 18 cases, so far, of autism have been reversed, as has cancer, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, osteoarthritis, joint pain, astigmatism, gum disease, increased sexual activity, heavy metal and radiation elimination, parasite elimination, free radicals elimination, faster athletic recovery time, increased blood circulation, reduced inflammation, resistance to getting the flu, reduction of wrinkles, allergy reduction, reduced PMS and monthly period pain, nausea, migraines and so much more. And it's only possible because of the oxygen it releases that floods the cells of the body. The sulfur, as proven by the University of Southampton in England, enables the body to produce vitamin B12 and the essential amino acids. You can find out more about this incredible nutrient also on my website - www.healthtalkhawaii.com -.
My book, "a Sane Diet For An Insane World", has been published. It can be viewed at
www.asanediet.com.
America at FETCH.news


About 18 months ago I started receiving email notices from my internet cable service provider which mentioned that download speeds had been increased to 6.0Mbts. Being excited about this I decided to check my actual speed by using one of many web sites that test and report your speed. To my surprise my speed had actually gone down and not up. The best numbers I could get at any time of the day or night where about 2.2Mbts (Mega Bits Per Second), which is about one third of the advertised speed. I'll include a list of several test sites at the bottom of this article.
So I called Tech. Support and explained the situation. The technician then checked my cable modem from his remote location and found that I had far too much signal strength at the input to the cable modem and scheduled a service call.
The technician showed up on time the next day and replaced the cable running from the line strung between the two poles to the point where it enters my house. He also replaced the splitter which is used to provide a separate line for cable TV. Another check of the signal strength showed it was now even higher and further out of specification than before. There was no increase in cable speed. A second service visit was scheduled.
On the second visit another tech. replaced the signal attenuator on the telephone pole to reduce the amount of signal down to a value that was within their guidelines and also found a broken box located two telephone poles before my house. Still no speed increase. The technician did notice that I had an old modem and scheduled for a replacement to be installed.
On arrival the third technician looked up the model (DOXport 1110) of my current modem and found that it was obsolete and no longer supported. This was the modem that was installed when I first subscribed more than 4 years ago. The new modem (Motorola SB5120) he installed was defective and had to go out to the truck to bring in another modem. This was an older model (SB4200) than the modem that was defective but still newer that my original modem. A speed test showed about a 50% increase to 3.0Mbts.
Next we disabled my firewall (Zone Alarm), Anti-Virus software and other Anti-Spyware software I had running in the background. With everything disabled there was no increase in speed which at least showed these utilities were not the problem. Note that some earlier versions of Zone Alarm can cause a speed problem so you should update to the latest version of the freeware or paid version. We then bypassed my router and connected the output of the cable modem directly into the input of my network card, still no speed gain.
The tech. then connected his laptop to the new modem and instantly got a speed increase to about 4.0Mbts. Could it be my PC or some software that was the problem?
I wasn't satisfied with the current state of things and a friend of mine had an extra and newer model (SB5100) of the Motorola modem installed by the technician, so I asked Bill to drop it off.
The next day I called the cable companies tech. support department and together we tested my existing modem and then installed the Motorola SB5100 modem. Bingo, speed was now up to 4.2Mbts, definitely an improvement but still not 6.0Mbts as advertised.
Now I remembered some old tricks that use to work for Windows 98, but not for Windows XP. Still I searched the web and found a simple utility named Dr. TCP provided the final boost in speed. Using this utility I found that my TCP Receive Window was not set to any value, so I entered a value of 56940, leaving all other fields in this utility unchanged.
No reboot of your PC is necessary so I immediately checked my speed again and found I was now up to 5.0Mbts or more on a consistent basis. Keeping in mind that 6Mbts is a theoretical maximum under ideal conditions and finding that values greater than 56940 did not improve my speed I decided that a 250% speed improvement was not bad at all.
Just the other day I had a need to download a file that was more than 200Mega Bytes in size. My download speed was above 700KBts per second (5.6Mbts) from this web site.
My web pages now load noticeably faster, more importantly large file download times are more than twice as fast. Over time my download speeds increased to 6.5Mbps, but I recently decided to go with another ISP.
In May of 2008 I switched from Cable to Fiber Optic Service (FIOS) which is capable of downloading files almost 3 times faster (18.5Mbps) than my former cable Internet Service Provider.


Call for Entries for Pleasant Oaks Recreation Center Public Art Project!
St Patrick's Cathedral for a St. Patrick's Day SketchCrawl!
This March our monthly outing falls on St. Patrick's day! We'll meet at Bailey's Barbeque located at 826 Taylor Street at 12:00 for lunch. We'll walk a couple blocks east to arrive at St. Patrick's Cathedral at 1206 Throckmorton St, Fort Worth, TX 76102 arriving at 1:30 pm for 2 hours of sketching inside or outside the beautiful church. We'll reconvene at 3:30 in front of the Church to compare sketches and OOH and AAH.
There is FREE parking in Sundance Square Garage 3, located at 420 Throckmorton St. about 8 blocks away. As well as FREE street parking on Saturdays (if you can find it). Omni Hotel is located across from the Church; however there is a $22 daily parking fee.
Bring a friend, and if this is your first outing with us, welcome! A sketch outing isn't a class, workshop or competition. It's an opportunity for creative people to meet each other, draw together, and share their sketches with each other and online.
2. Anyone can participate, be it to draw for 20 minutes or the full scheduled time.
3. Any level of ability is welcome, from veteran artists to first time sketchers.
4. Bring your own sketching gear. A hat and sunscreen are a good idea.
5. Kids under 16 must be accompanied by an adult.
If you have questions shoot me an email at ViningPaula@att.net. Hope to see you there!.
For more information see www.urbansketchers.org.


Brand development from initial logo design to brand guidelines, stationery and corporate literature.
Logo and Website for The Woking Peregrine Project. The 'W' of Woking forming a diving peregrine. To view the website click here.
Logo and stationery for Hummingbird Credit Management.
Logo and stationery for award winning Urban Photographer Charlotte Gilliatt.
Logo and website for Cognitive Behavioural Therapist Amir Zamani. To view the website click here.
Logo and website for Interior Designer Marina Georgiou.


text:
Nightwalk team will walk in memory of popular businessman
Sarah Howells
sarah.howells@archant.co.uk
Read more from Sarah Howells
Updated: Monday, April 29, 2019 (10:40)
'Chris' Roadstars' will be taking on NIghtwalk in memory of Chris Laughton, who died in March.
The wife of a much-loved Merton businessman who died last month will be taking on Nightwalk in his memory.
Tracey Laughton will be supported by more than 20 friends and family walking for North Devon Hospice in memory of her husband Chris.
Chris, who ran Taw & Torridge Coaches, passed away at North Devon Hospice last month after a short battle with cancer.
What started with a pain in his side in October 2018, and was initially diagnosed as cholecystitis, ended up being terminal cancer in his bowel and abdomen.
After three rounds of chemotherapy, and several distressing stays in hospital, it was suggested Chris should be admitted to North Devon Hospice's bedded unit.
Chris and Tracey Laughton.
Tracey, 48, said: "He really wasn't sure, and neither was our eldest son, George, because we didn't' know what to expect.
"But looking back now I don't know what we would have done without the hospice.
"As soon as we arrived it felt like home, and the whole family were welcome to stay because they had room for us all.
"I could be by his side the whole time and was able to lie next to him and hold his hand when he passed away."
READ MORE: Widow shares how hospice helped her ahead of Nightwalk
Chris' children George, 19, and Harry, 16, managed to enjoy special moments with their dad at the hospice before his death.
Some 450 people attended the much-loved businessman's funeral, and Tracey said his community spirit lives on in the Nightwalk team.
Tracey said: "We have 24 people currently in our team, and they are all family or friends of Chris, who want to do something in support of the hospice now they have seen the care they provide.
"The team will be called 'Chris' RoadStars', after his beloved Roadster car.
"He was restoring the car when he became ill, and sadly never got to see it finished, but when we were at the hospice the nurses suggested that we make videos of it to show him.
"So we filmed my dad working on the car and Chris loved seeing how it was coming along, being part of it even from a distance."
She added: "This has been an incredibly difficult few months, as everything has happened so fast.
"But the hospice helped make it easier for us all, and I know they will be there for me in the future too with counselling and other support."
Join Tracey, and more than 1,000 other local women, at Nightwalk on Saturday, May 18.
The ladies-only moonlit walk offers routes of 3, 7 or 11 miles along the Tarka Trail, with start points at Barnstaple, Instow, Bideford and Torrington. Sign up online here.
Widow shares how hospice helped her ahead of Nightwalk


text:
The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night Time
Sponsor: Northwest Community Bank
Presented by: Charlotte Hungerford Hospital
Runs from Saturday June 13 2020 to Sunday June 21 2020
Approximate running time: 2 hours
Nancy Marine Studio Theatre
Performance Notes
Charlotte Hungerford Hospital
Based on the novel by Mark Haddon, adapted by Simon Stephens
15-year-old Christopher has an extraordinary brain: He is exceptional at mathematics but ill-equipped to interpret everyday life. He has never ventured alone beyond the end of his road, he detests being touched, and he distrusts strangers. Now it is 7 minutes after midnight, and Christopher stands beside his neighbor's dead dog, Wellington, who has been speared with a garden fork. Finding himself under suspicion, Christopher is determined to solve the mystery of who murdered Wellington, and he carefully records each fact of the crime. But his detective work, forbidden by his father, takes him on a thrilling journey that upturns his world.
Winner of the 2015 Tony Award for Best Play.
"This adaptation by the acclaimed playwright Simon Stephens is intensely, innately theatrical; it is also funny and extremely moving…resonates with quality." —Telegraph (London).
"…just terrific…a profoundly moving play about adolescence, fractured families, mathematics, colours and lights…dazzling." —Independent (London).
"A beautiful, eloquent, dazzlingly inventive show about the wonders of life." —Evening Standard (London).
Presented by special arrangement with Dramatists Play Service, Inc..
Tickets start from 27.00
Prices exclude any discounts, taxes, or fees.


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An intense and dizzying experience, this new collection of works by Californian duo Starving Weirdos arrives on Bo Weavil with a droning density that's at first intimidating. This music is often rather difficult to unravel, and you'll find yourself hopelessly trying to pick out individual instruments among the incendiary clamour, losing your way trying to discern what it is exactly you're listen to. Drifts of primal, atavistic sounds intermingle with more austere droning passages, lurching around in a strangely distant recording scenario that's part-live performance, part- carefully sculpted production. In its most intense moments Into An Energy recalls the battered psychotropic ambiences of Yellow Swans or Hototogisu recordings, but pieces like 'Dawn In The Distance' and 'Ocean Seal Concentration' reveal that this is a band that has more subtle experimental form on its agenda too, rifling through arrhythmic percussive elements and harmonically cohesive passages of sustain.


text:
United names Jonathan Ireland new head of finance
By Howard Hardee2022-09-23T19:43:00+01:00
A new hand will guide United Airlines' $40 billion operations and $5 billion capital budget, as the Chicago-based carrier named Jonathan Ireland senior vice-president of finance on 23 September.
Ireland has "held increasingly responsible positions in United's finance organisation", most recently as vice-president of financial planning and analysis.
Source: United Airlines
His responsibilities will now include managing business planning, leading financial goal-setting and overseeing the airline's procurement operations. He will continue reporting to Gerry Laderman, United's executive vice-president and chief financial officer.
"In his time with United, Jonathan has helped United navigate fuel price spikes, economic downturns and, over the past few years, the most-challenging financial conditions United has ever faced," Laderman says. "As we move forward with the United Next growth plan, I am confident that his careful stewardship of our capital plans and cost-management efforts will continue to power our success."
Along with other major US airlines, United has been regaining financial strength since suffering from the coronavirus-related air travel slump. According to FlightGlobal analysis, United, Delta Air Lines and American Airlines – the three largest groups by revenue in 2019 – all reached almost two-thirds of pre-Covid revenue levels in 2021.
United also recently moved to dramatically increase its international presence through a code-sharing partnership with Emirates Airline – meaning the airlines will sell each other's flights as their own – that will launch in November.
United to end service to JFK airport in October
United Airlines will stop flying to New York's John F Kennedy International airport at the end of next month due to lack of slots.
Altimeter setting cited in Wideroe Dash 8 low-approach inquiry
Norwegian investigators have disclosed that they are probing a low approach involving a Wideroe De Havilland Dash 8-100 at the northern Svolvaer airport last month. The aircraft dipped 700ft below the indicated barometric altitude during its approach, in darkness and instrument conditions, to runway 01 on 22 December. Its crew ...
Late aircraft delivery contributed to Flybe collapse, say administrators
Administrators appointed to handle the collapse of UK regional airline Flybe have partly blamed its financial troubles on the late delivery of aircraft.
More Strategy
Scott Sheldon steps down as president of Allegiant Air
Allegiant Travel Company, parent of Allegiant Air, has accepted the resignation of co-president and chief operating officer Scott Sheldon, prompting a reshuffling of the airline's executives.
Italy signs letter of intent with Lufthansa to kick-off ITA stake talks
Italy's government has signed a letter of intent with Lufthansa as it opens talks with the carrier over the acquisition of ITA Airways.
Varadi hopeful on improved Wizz operational resilience
Wizz Air chief executive Jozsef Varadi believes air traffic control delays are likely to provide the biggest challenge this summer as the carrier bids to avoid a repeat of the operational disruption it suffered last year.


text:
layout: global
title: Naive Bayes - MLlib
displayTitle: MLlib - Naive Bayes
---

[Naive Bayes](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naive_Bayes_classifier) is a simple
multiclass classification algorithm with the assumption of independence between
every pair of features. Naive Bayes can be trained very efficiently. Within a
single pass to the training data, it computes the conditional probability
distribution of each feature given label, and then it applies Bayes' theorem to
compute the conditional probability distribution of label given an observation
and use it for prediction.

MLlib supports [multinomial naive
Bayes](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naive_Bayes_classifier#Multinomial_naive_Bayes)
and [Bernoulli naive Bayes](http://nlp.stanford.edu/IR-book/html/htmledition/the-bernoulli-model-1.html).
These models are typically used for [document classification](http://nlp.stanford.edu/IR-book/html/htmledition/naive-bayes-text-classification-1.html).
Within that context, each observation is a document and each
feature represents a term whose value is the frequency of the term (in multinomial naive Bayes) or
a zero or one indicating whether the term was found in the document (in Bernoulli naive Bayes).
Feature values must be nonnegative. The model type is selected with an optional parameter
"multinomial" or "bernoulli" with "multinomial" as the default.
[Additive smoothing](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidstone_smoothing) can be used by
setting the parameter $\lambda$ (default to $1.0$). For document classification, the input feature
vectors are usually sparse, and sparse vectors should be supplied as input to take advantage of
sparsity. Since the training data is only used once, it is not necessary to cache it.

## Examples

[NaiveBayes](api/scala/index.html#org.apache.spark.mllib.classification.NaiveBayes$) implements
multinomial naive Bayes. It takes an RDD of
[LabeledPoint](api/scala/index.html#org.apache.spark.mllib.regression.LabeledPoint) and an optional
smoothing parameter `lambda` as input, an optional model type parameter (default is "multinomial"), and outputs a
[NaiveBayesModel](api/scala/index.html#org.apache.spark.mllib.classification.NaiveBayesModel), which
can be used for evaluation and prediction.

{% highlight scala %}
import org.apache.spark.mllib.classification.{NaiveBayes, NaiveBayesModel}
import org.apache.spark.mllib.linalg.Vectors
import org.apache.spark.mllib.regression.LabeledPoint

val data = sc.textFile("data/mllib/sample_naive_bayes_data.txt")
val parsedData = data.map { line =>
  val parts = line.split(',')
  LabeledPoint(parts(0).toDouble, Vectors.dense(parts(1).split(' ').map(_.toDouble)))
}
// Split data into training (60%) and test (40%).
val splits = parsedData.randomSplit(Array(0.6, 0.4), seed = 11L)
val training = splits(0)
val test = splits(1)

val model = NaiveBayes.train(training, lambda = 1.0, modelType = "multinomial")

val predictionAndLabel = test.map(p => (model.predict(p.features), p.label))
val accuracy = 1.0 * predictionAndLabel.filter(x => x._1 == x._2).count() / test.count()

// Save and load model
model.save(sc, "myModelPath")
val sameModel = NaiveBayesModel.load(sc, "myModelPath")
{% endhighlight %}

[NaiveBayes](api/java/org/apache/spark/mllib/classification/NaiveBayes.html) implements
multinomial naive Bayes. It takes a Scala RDD of
[LabeledPoint](api/java/org/apache/spark/mllib/regression/LabeledPoint.html) and an
optionally smoothing parameter `lambda` as input, and output a
[NaiveBayesModel](api/java/org/apache/spark/mllib/classification/NaiveBayesModel.html), which
can be used for evaluation and prediction.

{% highlight java %}
import scala.Tuple2;

import org.apache.spark.api.java.JavaPairRDD;
import org.apache.spark.api.java.JavaRDD;
import org.apache.spark.api.java.function.Function;
import org.apache.spark.api.java.function.PairFunction;
import org.apache.spark.mllib.classification.NaiveBayes;
import org.apache.spark.mllib.classification.NaiveBayesModel;
import org.apache.spark.mllib.regression.LabeledPoint;

JavaRDD<LabeledPoint> training = ... // training set
JavaRDD<LabeledPoint> test = ... // test set

final NaiveBayesModel model = NaiveBayes.train(training.rdd(), 1.0);

JavaPairRDD<Double, Double> predictionAndLabel =
  test.mapToPair(new PairFunction<LabeledPoint, Double, Double>() {
    @Override public Tuple2<Double, Double> call(LabeledPoint p) {
      return new Tuple2<Double, Double>(model.predict(p.features()), p.label());
    }
  });
double accuracy = predictionAndLabel.filter(new Function<Tuple2<Double, Double>, Boolean>() {
    @Override public Boolean call(Tuple2<Double, Double> pl) {
      return pl._1().equals(pl._2());
    }
  }).count() / (double) test.count();

// Save and load model
model.save(sc.sc(), "myModelPath");
NaiveBayesModel sameModel = NaiveBayesModel.load(sc.sc(), "myModelPath");
{% endhighlight %}

[NaiveBayes](api/python/pyspark.mllib.html#pyspark.mllib.classification.NaiveBayes) implements multinomial
naive Bayes. It takes an RDD of
[LabeledPoint](api/python/pyspark.mllib.html#pyspark.mllib.regression.LabeledPoint) and an optionally
smoothing parameter `lambda` as input, and output a
[NaiveBayesModel](api/python/pyspark.mllib.html#pyspark.mllib.classification.NaiveBayesModel), which can be
used for evaluation and prediction.

Note that the Python API does not yet support model save/load but will in the future.

{% highlight python %}
from pyspark.mllib.classification import NaiveBayes, NaiveBayesModel
from pyspark.mllib.linalg import Vectors
from pyspark.mllib.regression import LabeledPoint

def parseLine(line):
    parts = line.split(',')
    label = float(parts[0])
    features = Vectors.dense([float(x) for x in parts[1].split(' ')])
    return LabeledPoint(label, features)

data = sc.textFile('data/mllib/sample_naive_bayes_data.txt').map(parseLine)

# Split data aproximately into training (60%) and test (40%)
training, test = data.randomSplit([0.6, 0.4], seed = 0)

# Train a naive Bayes model.
model = NaiveBayes.train(training, 1.0)

# Make prediction and test accuracy.
predictionAndLabel = test.map(lambda p : (model.predict(p.features), p.label))
accuracy = 1.0 * predictionAndLabel.filter(lambda (x, v): x == v).count() / test.count()

# Save and load model
model.save(sc, "myModelPath")
sameModel = NaiveBayesModel.load(sc, "myModelPath")
{% endhighlight %}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
go-ga
=====

Genetic Algorithm in Go


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text:
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Charter of leadership behaviours demands integrity from the public service
13 September 2022 | Chris Johnson
APS Commissioner Peter Woolcott: the APS has been undergoing a long process of cultural change. Photo: Screenshot.
The Secretaries Board of the Australian Public Service has recently developed a new charter of leadership behaviours, and the APS Commissioner is out and about touting its merits.
Peter Woolcott has made an appearance or two of late, and with more scheduled, talking about the culture of the APS and what is expected from all ranks of its leadership.
Widely regarded as a highly skilled public sector leader himself, the Commissioner's message is that the public sector demands integrity, impartiality and accountability.
The new charter places a spotlight on those qualities and then some, the Commissioner stressed when talking as part of a discussion panel on public service leadership hosted by the Institute of Public Administration Australia.
"Our APS values continue to set the expectations of impartiality, integrity and accountability for the APS's organisational culture," he said.
"The charter takes this further, describing the behaviours required of a modern and dynamic public service culture.
"One that is collaborative, rather than siloed. One that invests in people, respects diversity, and creates an environment where ideas can be contested."
The remarks complement those made by Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet Secretary Glyn Davis. Professor Davis told the same audience that good leaders need to loosen their grip on hierarchical structures.
READ ALSO If you rely on an org chart to demand attention, you're not much of a leader, says PMC boss
Mr Woolcott agreed and pointed out that the APS has been undergoing a long process of cultural change.
"APS leaders need to get better at enabling and empowering others," he said.
With the charter now launched, the Commissioner said it would be up to each department how they embraced it in their agencies.
"At the end of the day, leadership is an action, not a position," he said.
"Understand that and you are a fair way down the road."
Secretary of the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, David Fredericks, was also part of the panel and had an extra message to pass on to public sector leaders.
"Your teams, your staff, your people will always be watching you. Always," he said.
"They will always be learning from you. They'll always be taking their cues from you. They'll always be making judgments about you.
"That can either be a burden, or it can be a wonderful opportunity."
Greg Boardley1:03 pm 15 Sep 22
Scotty was leading the way and we voted him out. I don't get it
Jo Hann7:30 am 15 Sep 22
Be nice if the same standards applied to our federal politicians.
Billabong5:26 pm 14 Sep 22
Responding to Logically's comment : what you say may be true, but shouldn't a requirement to manage the department in a way that delivers practical outcomes be front and centre in this new list of behaviours… rather than just being implied in by reference to another document?
Malcolm Mills2:57 pm 14 Sep 22
Go tell this to the the Christchurch city council
SigmaOctantis5:17 am 14 Sep 22
I just skimmed over these new fancy behaviours, not a single one of them is about achieving outcomes and results. Says it all really.
ReplyView 1 reply
logically10:15 am 14 Sep 22
You apparently skimmed right over where it clearly stated "These behaviours build on the Integrated Leadership System and APS Leadership Capability Framework." That's where you'll find the ability to deliver outcomes and results defined as a key leadership capability.
ReplyHide replies
Michael Elliott3:38 pm 13 Sep 22
It should be even more so for politicians but doesn't work that way in reality
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A truly effective infection control program must address potential attacks from a number of directions to include hands, water, hard surfaces and air, to name a few. Paying attention to just some won't protect against all. While some needs might be more relevant to hands, for instance, looking at the big picture can position specialists to fight infection best. In this blog entry, we offer up a series of links that look at a variety of infection sources and methods to address them.
Clean hands make a difference: Evidence of hand hygiene to reduce transmission and infections by multidrug resistant organisms in health-care settings notes that infections by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) are increasing worldwide. Prevention of spread and control of MDROs in health-care settings are critical and urgent as the number of antibiotics available to treat these infections is extremely limited and development of new antibiotics is not forthcoming in the foreseeable future. Studies where hand hygiene was used as the main intervention and a significant improvement in hand hygiene compliance and/or increased alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) consumption were achieved, demonstrated substantial decrease of MDROs' infections and/or colonization rates, mainly for MRSA. To be successful, these interventions need to be multimodal and sustained over time in the context of an improved patient safety climate; in addition, particular attention should be paid to embed hand hygiene in the care flow and within best practices for specific procedures. Finally, combating antimicrobial resistance spread and infections involves the implementation of other specific prevention and control measures too.
Clean water is important: Bacteria that cause Legionnaires' Disease are not uncommon points out that Legionellosis is on the rise in the United States. A recent study published in Environmental Science & Technology described the presence of Legionella pneumophilain nearly half of the 272 water samples collected across the United States. Widespread Molecular Detection of Legionella pneumophila Serogroup 1 in Cold Water Taps across the United States and Bronx Legionnaires' Outbreak Is Over, Health Officials Say are related reads.
Clean laundry can impact the spread of disease: Hospital Textiles, Are They a Possible Vehicle for Healthcare-Associated Infections? discusses contaminated textiles and the need to clean them appropriately to guard against infection. The limitations of patient-centered infection control recommends epidemiological studies that track bacteria spreading in hospitals and attempt to determine if those same strains are contaminating clinician attire using whole genome sequencing.
Clean surfaces are critical, too: Preventing the transmission of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs): Modeling the relative importance of hand hygiene and environmental cleaning interventions suggests that hand hygiene should remain a priority for infection control programs, but environmental cleaning can have significant benefit for hospitals or individual hospital units that have either high hand hygiene compliance levels or low terminal cleaning thoroughness. How long do nosocomial pathogens persist on inanimate surfaces? A systematic review concludes that most common nosocomial pathogens may well survive or persist on surfaces for months and can thereby be a continuous source of transmission if no regular preventive surface disinfection is performed. Surface contamination and respiratory viruses with pandemic potential (SARS, MERS and influenza): an underestimated reservoir? looks at respiratory viruses and their potential transmission through contact with hard surfaces.
Clean air often overlooked but important: The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) asks hospitals to use air filters that work at the submicron level but most don't follow the guideline. Disease moves through the air, making the HVAC system an important part of any decent infection control program. Re-suspension of allergen-containing particles under mechanical and aerodynamic forces from human walking – Introduction to an experimental controlled methodology uses experiments to learn, among other things, that 1. for a continuous disturbance, resuspension was only observed during the first two minutes with an initial burst of particle re-entrainment followed by an exponential decrease to undetectable value; 2. particles were more easily re-suspended from linoleum flooring than from carpet flooring. Aerobiology and Its Role in the Transmission of Infectious Diseases discusses how particles move through the air. Predicting Spatial Distribution of Infection Risk of Airborne Transmission Diseases in a Hospital Ward is a related interesting read.
Virtually everyone has portable electronic devices (PEDs) they carry and use regularly to conduct business or simply stay in contact with friends. They can become a platform for disease.
PEDs are increasingly being used in the hospital setting. As with other fomites, these devices represent a potential reservoir for the transmission of pathogens. Use of portable electronic devices in a hospital setting and their potential for bacterial colonization used a convenience sampling of devices in 2 large medical centers to identify bacterial colonization rates and potential risk factors. It shows that PEDs can be colonized with a variety of pathogenic organisms. The significance of colonization and implications for patient care remains unclear. Larger, prospective, and continuous sampling studies are needed to resolve these limitations. Additional studies are necessary to determine the safety risks to patients and identify best practices and infection control policies as this technology expands in the health care arena.
Bacterial Assessment of Electronic Hardware User Interfaces in Ile-Ife, Nigeria is a study that focuses on shared electronics to quantify and identify bacterial contaminants associated with private and open access user interfaces in various establishments in the town of Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
Mass transportation systems are highly contaminated with the bacteria and viruses we carry. Rapid transportation has shrunk our world to where pathogens can move overnight across oceans, borders and vast territories. Or just across town. These systems shrink our world to where pathogens can move overnight across oceans, borders and vast territories.
The Role of Human Transportation Networks in Mediating the Genetic Structure of Seasonal Influenza in the United States is a study that investigated how human movement along the aviation and commuter networks contributed to intra-seasonal genetic structure of influenza A epidemics in the continental United States using spatially-referenced hemagglutinin nucleotide sequences collected from 2003–2013 for both the H3N2 and H1N1 subtypes.
We've Been Looking at the Spread of Global Pandemics All Wrong – Redrawn maps of the world's air-transport network could change the way we track disease from city to city. The idea that disease travels through airport networks is not a novel one to epidemiologists. But the discovery that pandemic patterns have not changed so much after all in the last 500 years is.
Risk assessment guidelines for infectious diseases transmitted on aircraft (RAGIDA) – Influenza is a wonderful document produced by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. The RAGIDA project combines evidence retrieved from the literature with expert knowledge for infectious diseases. In 2009 the production of the series of guidance documents for assisting in the evaluation of risk for transmission was initiated for several infectious diseases. The resulting disease-specific operational documents provide a host of viable options for decision-makers, particularly when faced with the choice of whether to contact trace air travelers and crew that were potentially exposed to infectious diseases during a flight.
From crossing oceans to simply traveling across town, mass transit can assist with the spread of disease. Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) riders in the San Francisco area might have been exposed to measles.
Review of human hand microbiome research at the Journal of Dermatological Science is an abstract that discusses a comprehensive and systematic database search that was conducted for skin microbiome-related articles published from January 1, 2008 to April 1, 2015. Only primary research articles that used culture-independent, whole community analysis methods to study the healthy hand skin microbiome were included. The microbiome of the hands is in constant flux as the hands are a critical vector for transmitting microorganisms between people, pets, inanimate objects and our environments. Future studies need to resolve methodological influences on results, and further investigate factors which alter the hand microbiome including the impact of products applied to hands. Increased understanding of the hand microbiome and the skin microbiome in general, will open the door to product development for disease prevention and treatment, and may lead to other applications, including novel diagnostic and forensic approaches.
Life on Human Surfaces: Skin Metagenomics is a fascinating study that tells us deciphering functional diversity and dynamics with human skin microbial communities is critical for understanding their involvement and for developing the appropriate substances for improving or correcting their action. The approach provided access to the functions carried out by dominant skin colonizing taxa, including Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus and Propionibacterium, revealing their specific capabilities to interact with and exploit compounds from the human skin.
As the current arsenal of effective antimicrobial weapons against potential pathogens is gradually diminished by antibiotic resistance, Skin Microbiome: Looking Back to Move Forward says it is vital to explore not only antimicrobial chemicals derived from microorganisms but also the possibility that prebiotic and probiotic microbial organisms themselves may offer promise as viable alternatives.
From Beijing to Mumbai, we read news reports on the health cost of pollution and particulate. Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (≤ 2.5 μg/m3 in aerodynamic diameter; PM2.5) is associated with increased mortality from non-accidental and cause-specific diseases.
The main exposure to fine particulate matter is through inhalation and, because of their size, they are respirable. Unlike larger particulates, they are deposited in the lungs and can penetrate tissue and be absorbed into the bloodstream, which can create negative health issues.
An Integrated Risk Function for Estimating the Global Burden of Disease Attributable to Ambient Fine Particulate Matter Exposure at Environmental Health Perspectives is a study that addresses issues caused by fine particulates. The study developed a fine particulate mass-based model that covered the global range of exposure by integrating relative risk (RR) information from different combustion types (ambient air pollution [AAP], second-hand tobacco smoke, household cooking fuel and active smoking [AS]) that generate emissions of particulate matter. The model can be updated as new RR information becomes available.
The Taliban's propaganda campaign against vaccinations contributed greatly to polio outbreaks in recent years in Pakistan. Direct attacks have killed health workers and security personnel as the Pakistani Taliban, which in 2012 again voiced its intent to scuttle any ongoing vaccination programs, continue to hinder efforts. Attempts to engage the Taliban leadership has met with mixed results, but we hope efforts for a sustained peaceful resolution continue so that children can get the necessary vaccinations to prevent additional illness and death.
75 suspected polio cases reported in Helmand reports that clashes between security forces and militants have contributed to a breakdown in polio immunization efforts, leading to 75 suspected cases of the disease because an estimated 10,000 children were unable to get polio drops, according to officials in Helmand province in Afghanistan in a report at Pajhwok Afghan News. An official with the World Health Organization (WHO) said tribal elders, religious scholars, teachers and students were assisting them in a nationwide polio vaccination campaign being waged this month.
Megan Coffee, MD, an infectious diseases expert, provides a terrific look at measles, and she also takes a look at the implications of the virus in What's so bad about measles? Measles is one of the most infectious diseases we know. People still get measles, even though simple vaccination that most can get will keep it at bay. Dr. Coffee points out that in the first five weeks of this year, 121 people in 17 U.S. states were infected; many cases were connected to exposures from visiting Disneyland. Before the vaccine was licensed in the U.S. in 1963, about 549,000 people had measles in the U.S. each year; about 495 died annually. Measles can be spread through the air by someone who unwittingly has the virus, making it especially insidious.
Borno To Give Measles Vaccination In 15 Local Government Areas outlines a measles vaccination campaign in the Borno state of Nigeria, despite political complications. Dated Nov. 23, 2015, the story at The Nigerian Voice says about a million children between 9 and 59 months were to be immunized against measles in a five-day stretch to combat one of the chief causes of death in children there. The campaign is expected to go a long way toward reducing the threat of measles. We applaud officials there who are making this effort despite the difficulties to do so.
An epidemic outbreak in Cameroon has spread across that country and involves 858 cases recorded in mid-November, now posing a significant health risk.
Deadly measles outbreak kills 400 in southeast Congo is a Reuters News Service report that notes mortality rates can be as high as 20 percent in poor countries, according to medical charity Medecins Sans Frontieres, even though it only costs about $1 to vaccinate a child. It also reiterates that the World Health Organization warned last November that progress toward wiping out measles has stalled worldwide due to poor vaccine coverage.
The white coat controversy, discussed in this Boston Globe story, could be labeled a joke if it wasn't so decidedly unfunny. There is nothing comical about the risks inherent when proper cleaning of white coats, hospital uniforms, linens, blankets, privacy curtains, etc. is not taken seriously. Some doctors are convinced no credible evidence exists that shows viruses and infection can be transferred from contaminated white coats to patients or their surroundings. Other are just as sure they can be. So, who's right? Maybe we don't know with absolute certainty. Many health care professionals point to the lack of evidence connecting dirty uniforms and linens to infection risk. Do we really need countless studies that offer overwhelming, beyond-the-shadow-of-doubt data to before we establish an industry standard? We really should not. There's enough evidence that meets a more-likely-than-not threshold, which really should be enough to warrant action. We've consulted with hospital personnel who steadfastly maintain infections haven't been shown to be linked with uniforms or linen. This simply isn't true.
One of our earlier posts describes the peril of leaving hospital staff to clean their own uniforms. It details a study that shows bacteria aren't eliminated from improperly laundered uniforms and clothing, and it points to a need for a consistent industry standard for their cleaning. Worse yet, when previously uncontaminated clothing is mingled with contaminated pieces, viruses are readily transferred. There's not much reason to believe this same process doesn't lead to contaminated white coats, uniforms, scrubs and the like transferring viruses and bacteria to patients and uncontaminated bedding, for example, in a hospital setting.
Low-cost technology to make fabrics and clothing antimicrobial has existed for years. It's time to use it. Why not error on the safe side rather than continue to wait for some definitive study that eliminates all doubt? We are putting countless lives at stake as well as creating unnecessary costs created by preventable infection.
Detailed linens, uniforms cleaning protocol is essential to infection control is a piece we posted earlier and that relates to this conversation. It points out with no uncertainty that fabrics – linens, uniforms, bedding, etc. – should be considered materials that can harbor pathogens if not properly cleaned.
The post antibiotic world was center stage recently as the World Health Organization (WHO) highlighted "World Antibiotic Awareness Week (Nov. 16-22). You can find the core subject document at our website. It is titled Antimicrobial Resistance: Global report on surveillance. It suggests that a post-antibiotic era—in which common infections and minor injuries can kill—far from being an apocalyptic fantasy, is instead a very real possibility for the 21st century. It goes on to say that the WHO, along with partners across many sectors, is developing a global action plan to mitigate AMR. Strengthening global AMR surveillance will be a critical aspect of such planning as it is the basis for informing global strategies, monitoring the effectiveness of public health interventions and detecting new trends and threats.
To that point, Alarming new "superbug" gene found in animals and people in China by Reuters says the discovery a new gene that makes bacteria highly resistant to a last-resort class of antibiotics is "alarming" to scientists, who called for urgent restrictions on the use of polymyxins – a class of antibiotics that includes the drug colistin and is widely used in livestock farming. Emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism MCR-1 in animals and human beings in China: a microbiological and molecular biological study reports in detail about this emergence of the first plasmid-mediated polymyxin resistance mechanism, MCR-1, in Enterobacteriaceae.
New metallo β-lactamase NDM-1: Bacteria have countered the introduction of successive classes of antibiotics by developing a variety of resistance mechanisms. At the top of the pyramid are the carbapenemases. The metallo β-lactamases (MBL) are the more versatile enzymes that can convert the host bacteria into almost total β-lactam insusceptibily4. Infections by such organisms are practically untreatable by β-lactam antibiotics, which are the most favoured agents used in Gram negative sepsis.
During the past year, several high profile zoonotic bugs have jumped from animals to humans. Ebola, bird flu and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) are just a few of note. Zoonotic bugs will continue to infect people, so we must continue to study them intensely to be even better prepared to fight back.
According to a study at PubMed Central (PMC): Influenza A infects large numbers of warm-blooded animals, including wild birds, domestic birds, pigs, horses, and humans. Influenza viruses can switch hosts to form new lineages in novel hosts. The most significant of these events is the emergence of antigenically novel influenza A viruses in humans, leading to pandemics. Influenza pandemics have been reported for at least 500 years, with inter-pandemic intervals averaging approximately 40 years.
The piece, which is authored by Jeffery K. Taubenberger, MD, PhD and David M. Morens, MD, concludes: How might we prevent and manage a future influenza pandemic? (First), the most obvious requirement is a rapid and expansive influenza surveillance and response network with open global communication and data sharing. Such surveillance activity also needs to include humans, domestic animals, and wild birds. Second, we must develop further, effective intervention strategies to reduce transmission and disease. The conclusive points again illustrate the pressing importance of the One Health initiative, which we've discussed in a previous blog post.
Database of host-pathogen and related species interactions, and their global distribution is a macro study on zoonotic bugs.
Increased Number of Human Cases of Influenza Virus A(H5N1) Infection, Egypt, 2014–15 at the CDC website discusses the ongoing substantial H5N1 circulation among poultry in Egypt.
Epidemiology, geographical distribution, and economic consequences of swine zoonoses: a narrative review provides a detailed look at swine zoonosis from the porcine industry.
Surveillance in the Middle East provided us insight into asymptomatic MERS. Now the question is are these people able to infect others. http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/21/12/15-1132_article.
Replication and Shedding of MERS-CoV in Upper Respiratory Tract of Inoculated Dromedary Camels takes a look at viral shedding in camels.


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Terror attacks kill dozens in China's tense Xinjiang region
A series of explosions tore through an open-air market in the capital of the volatile western Chinese region of Xinjiang on Thursday, killing dozens of people and wounding many more, state media reported.
China's Ministry of Public Security said the attack in the heavily policed city of Urumqi was "a serious violent terrorist incident" and vowed to crack down on its perpetrators. President Xi Jinping called for the terrorists behind it to be "severely" punished.
Two SUVs slammed into shoppers gathered at the market in Urumqi at 7:50 a.m. Thursday, and explosives were flung out of the vehicles, China's official news agency Xinhua said.
The vehicles then exploded, according to Xinhua, which said at least 31 people were killed and more than 90 wounded.
Some of the photos circulating on social media suggested a hellish scene, with bodies strewn on the ground amid burning wreckage. Others showed flames and smoke billowing out of the end of a tree-lined street guarded by police officers.
'An enormous sound'
"I heard an enormous sound, then I looked out from my balcony," said a resident of a building near the explosion who would only give his surname, Shan.
He told CNN that trees obscured much of his view of the scene, but that he "could see there was chaos, with people injured."
Many of the victims caught in the blasts were elderly people who regularly visited the morning market, Xinhua reported.
"It's mainly people coming to trade vegetables, especially the elderly who get up early and buy vegetables to cook," Shan said.
String of recent attacks
Chinese authorities have stepped up security measures in Xinjiang in recent months amid a series of attacks within the region and in major Chinese cities outside it.
On Wednesday, the day before the blasts, Xinhua reported that 39 people had been sentenced to prison in the past two months for "inciting violence" in Xinjiang.
But the devastating blasts Thursday suggest the government is facing a foe determined to wreak havoc.
Thursday's attack at the market comes less than a month after an explosion hit a train station in Urumqi, killing three people and wounding 79 others.
That blast took place on April 30, just after Xi had wrapped up a visit to the region.
Ethnic tensions
Chinese officials have linked a mass knife attack in March that killed 29 people at a train station in the southwestern city of Kunming to Islamic separatists from Xinjiang.
They have also blamed separatists for an attack in Beijing's Tiananmen Square in October in which a car rammed into a pedestrian bridge and burst into flames, killing two tourists and the three occupants of the vehicle.
The knife-wielding assailants in the Kunming attack and the people in the car that hit Tiananmen were identified as Uyghurs, a Turkic-speaking, predominantly Muslim ethnic group from Xinjiang.
Ethnic tensions between Uyghurs and Han Chinese people, millions of whom have migrated to resource-rich Xinjiang in recent decades, have repeatedly boiled over into deadly riots and clashes with authorities in recent years.
Some Uyghurs have expressed resentment over harsh treatment from Chinese security forces and Han people taking the lion's share of economic opportunities in Xinjiang. The Han are the predominant ethnic group in China, making up more than 90% of the overall population.
Shift in target
The pattern of ethnic violence in the region goes back decades, according to James Leibold, an expert in ethnic relations in China at La Trobe University in Melbourne.
"But what's new, and what I think is significant, is that we have a shift in target," Leibold said. "We have a targeting of innocent civilians, places where innocent civilians gather -- an attempt to maim innocent civilians in large numbers."
The other change is that the violence has "seeped outside" the borders of Xinjiang into other parts of China, he said.
It remains unclear who exactly is behind the high-profile attacks in recent months.
Chinese officials have pointed to a murky separatist group, the East Turkestan Islamic Movement (ETIM), which they have blamed for violent acts in the past. East Turkestan is the name used by many Uyghur groups to refer to Xinjiang.
But analysts are divided about the extent of the ETIM's activities and its links to global terrorist networks like al Qaeda.
"Generally, the government response is to blame terrorists without providing many details," Leibold said. "So I suspect it's going to be very difficult to get to the bottom of this incident like previous ones."
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We'll be meeting up to review 2017 Art Under $100 (financially and operationally), a potential new mural in South Park, and a potential new children's art program in South Park. Please come on by. Appetizers and drinks provided. Family friendly space.


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