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The 10 Best New Bottles For Bourbon Heritage Month
Pick up one (or all) of these incredible bourbons in honor of #NationalBourbonHeritageMonth.
Jonah Flicker
September is National Bourbon Heritage Month, which is essentially a really good excuse to find drink some bourbon, and lots of it. Fortunately, there are plenty of quality new releases to choose from, some expensive and elusive, others more readily available and affordable. Here, ten standout suggestions of new bourbon releases to drink before the end of this month, next month, and all year long.
Old Forester 1910 Old Fine Whisky
Old Forester 1910, the fourth and final expression in the brand's Whiskey Row Series, is back after nearly a year's absence. The original release sold out in just two months last fall, and since then fans have been wondering when it might return. This non-age-statement (NAS) bourbon is double barreled, meaning it's put into new heavily charred barrels for six to nine months after initial maturation. This gives it rich oak and burnt vanilla notes that make it stand out from other Old Forester expressions. $55
Barrell Bourbon Batch 020
Barrell Bourbon's latest bourbon batch is a blend of 10 and 14-year-old whiskeys from Kentucky and Tennessee, bottled at cask strength of 106.7 proof. It has a creamy mouthfeel, with notes of oak, maraschino cherry, and perhaps a touch of George Dickel funk on the palate (This is just a guess as to where the Tennessee whiskey comes from.) Overall, Batch 020 is another hit from the folks at Barrell, who continue to expertly source and blend American whiskey. $80
Four Roses 2019 LE Small Batch
It's hard to find faults with any bourbon Four Roses releases, and the new 2019 Limited Edition Small Batch is no exception (although it is pretty expensive). The whiskey is made up of 21-year-old, 11-year-old, and 15-year-old liquid using three of the distillery's recipes: OBSV, OESK, and OESV (Four Roses uses two mash bills and five yeast strains, giving it ten recipes to play with.) This release is non-chill filtered and bottled at 112.6 proof, giving it a bit more heat and depth than your average Four Roses bourbon. $140
Peerless Bourbon
Kentucky Peerless has become rather popular despite the young age of both the whiskey and the distillery itself. Peerless, which started putting whiskey into barrels in 2015, has released a few rye whiskeys to date, but this past June marked the first bourbon release. It sold out quickly, as did the second batch when it came out this past August. The bourbon is now available outside of Kentucky. There's no question that this is a young whiskey, but it's off to a very good start with bright honey and vanilla flavors that go well beyond the slightly woody nose. $70
Mic.Drop Bourbon 3
PM Spirits recently released a third variety of its Mic.Drop bourbon, and this one lowers the age statement and price while still offering a tasty whiskey. This four-year-old bourbon was sourced from MGP with a mash bill of 60 percent corn, 36 percent rye, and 4 percent malted barley. It is unfiltered and was bottled at barrel strength of 56.1 percent. For the full and completely unadulterated story, check out the website, but this is an un-precious whiskey that you can sip, mix, and enjoy any way you damn well choose. $60
Remus Repeal Reserve Series III Straight Bourbon Whiskey
This new bourbon from MGP comes out in November. It's the third in the Repeal Reserve Series, meant to celebrate Prohibition Repeal Day. The whiskey is a combination of two mashbills from 2007 and 2008 – 12 percent 2007 bourbon (21 percent rye), 78 percent 2008 bourbon (21 percent rye), and 10 percent 2008 bourbon (36 percent rye). So much MGP whiskey has been released by other brands, but it seems the distillery has wisely held onto some high quality liquid to release itself over the past few years. Also look for the Volstead Reserve in November, a bottled-in-bond, 14-year-old bourbon that will sell for $200. $85
Widow Jane The Vaults 2019
The Widow Jane distillery is located in the Red Hook neighborhood of Brooklyn, where it sources and bottles aged whiskey while distilling its own young bourbon and rye. The newest release in the former category is called The Vaults. It's a blend of whiskey from Tennessee and Indiana, aged for at least 14 years and drawn from just 20 barrels. This is a deep, dark whiskey with lots of character and just a whisper of smoke on the finish. And it is, like all Widow Jane whiskey, proofed with limestone water from the Rosendale Mines in upstate New York. $150
Old Scout Bourbon 99 Proof
Three years after it first came out, Smooth Ambler is re-releasing its Old Scout Bourbon 99 Proof. The bourbon, sourced from MGP, basically became more popular than the distillery expected it to be. But now the 99 Proof is back in the fold as a permanent addition to the lineup. The age statement has decreased to five years, which some picky drinkers might have a problem with, but the bourbon is still very good. And with Pernod Ricard behind the distillery now, there should be no problems with stock in the future. $45
Old Soul Blended Straight Bourbon Whiskey
Old Soul comes from Cathead Distillery in Mississippi. It's a blend of bourbon distilled in-house and sourced from MGP: 10 percent 2-year-old bourbon (distilled at Cathead), 35 percent bourbon aged four years and three months (MGP), and 55 percent bourbon aged four years and eight months (MGP). The mashbill of all the whiskey is identical, with a 21 percent rye content. This gives the whiskey a slightly immature but formidably spicy palate, with a touch of citrus and dried fruit on the finish. $45
Buffalo Trace Antique Collection
Yes, this annual collection from Buffalo Trace does not consist solely of bourbon, but it still deserves a place on this list. Every year, BTAC sells out fast, regardless of how far above SRP stores actually mark these bottles up. This year's lineup is as follows: George T. Stagg bourbon at 116.9 proof, the lowest ever due to the barrels' lower floor location, according to master distiller Harlan Wheatley; William Larue Weller wheated bourbon distilled in 2007, 128 proof; Eagle Rare 17 Year Old bourbon, 101 proof, distilled in 2002; Thomas H. Handy Sazerac Rye distilled in 2013, 125.7 proof; and Sazerac Rye 18 Year Old. $99 (but really much more)
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\section{Introduction}

Oscillations are a phenomena  of paramount importance in physics, biology,
chemistry, and economy. They can happen on  scales ranging from
microscopic to astronomical. They often take place in autonomous nonequilibrium noisy
systems that dissipate energy to sustain the oscillations.
Prominent examples are autonomous biochemical oscillators, such as
systems of interacting molecules that display circadian rhythms driven by the consumption of
chemical energy \cite{vanz07,dong08}.

Fluctuations can fundamentally change the behavior of biochemical oscillations \cite{bark00,gonz02,mein02,falc03,mcka07}.
For instance, noise can generate oscillations, in the sense that a  biochemical system that has no oscillations in its deterministic description with  nonlinear rate equations
can display oscillation at the the level of a stochastic  description that accounts for fluctuations in the finite number of chemical species. Oscillations is such finite
noisy systems also have  a limited precision. In fact, the relation between the precision of biochemical oscillations and the amount of dissipated energy required to maintain
them, analyzed through the lens of stochastic thermodynamics \cite{seif12}, has been the subject of several works \cite{qian00,cao15,bara17a,nguy18,fei18,wier18,mars19}.
Another example of an autonomous nonequilibrium oscilator recently analyzed with the theory of stochastic thermodynamics, is the so-called electron-shuttle \cite{wach19}.

A second class of non-equilibrium noisy systems that display oscillations is a certain phase of periodically driven many body systems known as time-crystal.
Time-crystals  are systems driven by a time-periodic Hamiltonian that display oscillations with a period larger than the period of the drive, so-called
subharmonic oscillations. Time-crystals have been studied in closed quantum systems \cite{sach15,khem16,else16} and also open systems that dissipate energy
\cite{laza17,gong18,wang18,gamb19}. Besides displaying spontaneous symmetry breaking of time-reversal symmetry, i.e., the onset of subharmonic oscillations,
they also display spatial long range order. The relation between thermodynamics and the precision of subharmonic oscillations in finite stochastic
systems has also been investigated with the theory of stochastic thermodynamics in \cite{ober19}.

Hitherto we have mentioned two classes of nonequilibrium systems,  autonomous systems driven by a fixed  thermodynamic force such as biochemical oscillators  and periodically driven systems such as time-crystals.
A third class of nonequilibrium systems showing oscillations are feedback driven systems \cite{bech05}, which are of central importance in engineering and technology \cite{astr10}.
These systems are driven  out of equilibrium by measurement and feedback, i.e., a change in the Hamiltonian of the system that depends
on the measurement outcome. Within stochastic thermodynamics, feedback driven systems have played an important role in elucidating the relation between information and thermodynamics \cite{cao09,saga12,parr15}.
In particular, the total entropy for feedback driven systems includes an informational term related to the increase in entropy generated by the controller that performs the  measurements and applies the feedback.
An important general feature of deterministic feedback driven systems is that they start to develop oscillations when the controller tries to fix the system onto unstable states,
in the presence of non-linearities \cite{astr10,andr66}. A basic understanding of the thermodynamics of these oscillatory phenomena is still lacking.

In this paper, we provide a systematic analysis of the thermodynamics of temporal oscillations in stochastic feedback driven systems.
We start with a simple two-state model that displays oscillations and that can be solved exactly. We then proceed to study a more complex system with several degrees of freedom,
a fully interacting Ising model driven by a feedback scheme, which is discrete in time, between the external field and the magnetization.
This is a generalization of  the model with continuous feedback introduced in \cite{dema19}, which has been shown to display self-oscillations that persist in the thermodynamic limit below
the static critical temperature.

The two-state model introduced here provides a paradigmatic, exactly solvable, example of oscillations in feedback driven systems.
We show that the number of coherent oscillations, an observable that quantifies the precision of noisy oscillations, can be arbitrarily large in finite feedback driven systems subjected to thermal fluctuations.
The size of the system does not impose a fundamental bound on the precision of oscillations in feedback driven systems, in contrast to autonomous systems, for which the number of
coherent oscillations is fundamentally bounded  by the number of states \cite{bara17a}. We also analyze the relation between thermodynamic cost and precision for this two-state system.

We show that feedback driven systems display a phase similar to time-crystals: the Ising model with discrete feedback we introduce here displays
subharmonic oscillations with a period larger than the time-interval between two measurements, which can be taken as the natural period of a feedback
driven systems. The oscillations in the magnetization,
which  persist indefinetely in the thermodynamic limit, take place for temperatures below the critical  static temperature.

Concerning the scaling of the rate of entropy production per spin with system size, we show that in the thermodynamic limit this rate
is zero above the critical temperature and is larger than zero below the critical temperature. At criticality, the rate of entropy production per spin can either go to
zero with a mean field exponent or it can be finite, which correspond to second-order and first-order phase transitions, respectively.

Thermodynamic quantities such as heat and work also oscillate below
the critical temperature. We show that while the oscillating dissipated heat can be negative, if we also include the informational contribution to the total entropy change that appears in the second law
for feedback driven systems, the total entropy change is positive for all times.

The paper is organized in the following way. In Sec. \ref{sec2} we analyze the two-state model. Sec. \ref{sec3} is dedicated to the
Ising model. We conclude in \ref{sec4}. Appendix \ref{appa} contains a brief introduction to the stochastic thermodynamics of feedback driven systems. The finite-size scaling
analysis of the rate of entropy production for the Ising model with continuous feedback is reported in Appendix \ref{appb}.

\section{Two-state model with feedback}
\label{sec2}
\subsection{Definition of the model}

We first introduce a simple feedback driven system that displays oscillations. A general
definition of thermodynamic quantities in feedback driven systems is provided in Appendix \ref{appa}. The system consists of
a single spin with  two states $s=\pm 1$. The energy is given by $E_s=-hs$, where $h$
is the external magnetic field. The spin is in contact with a heat bath at temperature
$T$, it flips between these two states due to thermal fluctuations for a time-interval $\tau$.
We assume that the dynamics of the system during this time-interval is Markovian. The master equation for
the evolution of the probability to be at state $s=1$ during the nth time-interval reads
\begin{equation}
\frac{d}{dt}p_n(t)= w^{h_n}_1[1-p_n(t)]-w^{h_n}_2p_n(t),
\label{eqmaster}
\end{equation}
where $w^{h_n}_1$ is the transition rate from state $s=-1$ to state $s=1$ and $w^{h_n}_2$
is the reversed transition rate. These transition rates fulfill the detailed balance condition
\begin{equation}
\frac{w_2^{h_n}}{w_1^{h_n}}= \textrm{e}^{-2\beta h_n},
\label{eqDB}
\end{equation}
where $\beta=1/(k_BT)$ and $k_B$ is the Boltzmann constant that is set to $k_B=1$ throughout.

A feedback driven system is also characterized by measurement and feedback.
At the end of a time-interval, the state of the system is measured without measurement error.
The feedback scheme is such that if the system at the end of
the nth time-interval is in the state $s_n=1$ ($s_n=-1$),  then the magnetic field for the next time-interval
is set to $h_{n+1}=-h_0$ ($h_{n+1}=h_0$), where $h_0\ge 0$. We note that the transition rates in Eq. \eqref{eqmaster}
are not fixed quantities but rather they depend on the state of the system in the previous time-interval, i.e.,
they are random quantities that  depend on the particular stochastic trajectory.

\subsection{Oscillatory behavior}

This feedback scheme generates oscillations on the average spin orientation at the end of
a time-interval as a function of $n$. In the following we show this property with the exact
calculation of the average spin orientation.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=77mm]{./Fig1.eps}
\vspace{-2mm}
\caption{Oscillations in the two-state model. The inverse temperature is
set to $\beta=1$. The average spin orientation $s_n$ is given in Eq. \eqref{eqavgs}}
\label{fig1}
\end{figure}

We assume that $\tau$ is large as compared to the relaxation time to reach the stationary distribution.
The probability to be in state $s=1$ at the end of the nth time-interval $p_n$ is then
\begin{equation}
p_n= \frac{\textrm{e}^{\beta h_n}}{2\cosh(\beta h_n)}.
\end{equation}

From the feedback rule that the the external field for the next time-interval  has the opposite
sign to the orientation of the spin at the end of the present time-interval, we obtain that the probability $p_n$ follows the recursion relation
\begin{equation}
p_{n+1}= (1-p_n)p+p_n(1-p),
\label{eqrecursion}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
p= \frac{\textrm{e}^{\beta h_0}}{2\cosh(\beta h_0)}.
\label{eqdefp}
\end{equation}
As initial condition we set $h_1=h_0$ for the first time-interval $n=1$. The solution of Eq. \eqref{eqrecursion} is
given by
\begin{equation}
p_n= \frac{1}{2}\left[1-(1-2p)^n\right].
\end{equation}
Hence, the average spin orientation $s_n=p_n(+1)+(1-p_n)(-1)$ reads
\begin{equation}
s_n=  (-1)^{n+1}[\tanh(\beta h_0)]^n,
\label{eqavgs}
\end{equation}
where we have used Eq. \eqref{eqdefp}. As shown in Fig. \ref{fig1}, $s_n$ oscillates between positive and negative values with a period $n_{\textrm{osc}}=2$ in terms
of the integer $n$. In terms of time such oscillations correspond to a period $2\tau$, where $\tau$ is the time-interval between two measurements. Oscillations in
feedback driven systems with a discrete feedback scheme are sub-harmonic, i.e., they have a period of oscillation larger than the natural period of the feedback driven system $\tau$.

\subsection{Relation between precision and work}

The amplitude of the oscillations decay exponentially since $\tanh(\beta h_0)\le 1$. This damping of the oscillations
in the average spin orientation is related to noise. If we consider two different stochastic trajectories,  after some time
they will have different phases due to fluctuations. The number of coherent oscillations that characterizes the precision of the oscillations is
defined as the ratio of the decay time and the period of oscillation. If we rewrite Eq. \eqref{eqavgs} as
\begin{align}
s_n & =  \cos(\pi n+\pi)\textrm{e}^{-n[-\ln \tanh(\beta h_0)]}\nonumber\\
 &\equiv \cos(2\pi n/n_{\textrm{osc}}+\pi)\textrm{e}^{-n/n_{\textrm{dec}}},
\label{eqavgs2}
\end{align}
we obtain the decay time $n_{\textrm{dec}}=\{-\ln[ \tanh(\beta h_0)]\}^{-1}$. The number of coherent oscillations is then
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{N}\equiv \frac{n_{\textrm{dec}}}{n_{\textrm{osc}}}=  \frac{\{-\ln[ \tanh(\beta h_0)]\}^{-1}}{2} .
\label{eqNcohe}
\end{equation}

Even though the transition rates during a time-interval fulfill detailed balance,
the feedback procedure drives the system out of equilibrium. The average
work exerted on the system per time-interval is
\begin{equation}
W_{\textrm{avg}}= p(2h_0)-(1-p)(2h_0)=2h_0\tanh(\beta h_0).
\label{eqW}
\end{equation}
There are two contributions to the work per period. One is the probability to finish
a time-interval with the spin and the field pointing in the same direction $p$ multiplied
by the energy difference between the two states $2h_0$. The other is the probability to finish
a time-interval with the spin and the field pointing in different directions $1-p$ multiplied
by the energy difference between the two states $2h_0$. Unlike the spin orientation, this average
work does not oscillate. It is stationary already after the first time-interval.

\begin{figure}
{\psfrag{ln(N)}{$\ln(\mathcal{N})$}\includegraphics[width=77mm]{./Fig2.eps}
\vspace{-2mm}
\caption{Parametric plot of  $\ln(\mathcal{N})$ versus $W_{\textrm{avg}}$ for the two-state model.
The inverse temperature is $\beta=1$ and the external field is varied from $h_0=0.1$ to
$h_0=5$.}
\label{fig2}}
\end{figure}

The relation between precision, as characterized by $\mathcal{N}$, and energy consumption
that is quantified by $W_{\textrm{avg}}$ is analyzed in Fig. \ref{fig2}, where we plot $\mathcal{N}$ as
a function of $W_{\textrm{avg}}$. First, the number of coherent oscillations increases with an increasing
energy consumption. Second, at equilibrium ($h_0=0$) there are no oscillations. The same
property is true for oscillations in autonomous systems such as biochemical oscillators,  since
energy dissipation is a  general necessary condition for the onset of oscillations. Third, in the limit $\beta h_0\to\infty$,
both the number of coherent oscillations $\mathcal{N}$ and the the work exerted on the system
$W$ diverges. This property is in stark contrast with coherent oscillations in autonomous
systems. For this case, even in a limit of divergent energy dissipation the number
of coherent oscillations is finite and essentially bounded by the number of states \cite{bara17a}.
This fundamental difference between oscillations in feedback driven systems  and autonomous systems is a main result.
The possibility of an indefinite number of coherent oscillations in a finite system in the presence of thermal fluctuations is not exclusive to feedback driven systems.
Subharmonic oscillations in periodically driven systems also show this property \cite{ober19}. A relevant difference between these two cases is that the minimal model for
a periodically driven system analyzed in \cite{ober19} has three states, whereas our minimal model has two states.

\subsection{Informational thermodynamic cost}

A distinctive feature of a feedback driven system is that the thermodynamic cost is not only quantified by the the work
$W$ but also by the mutual information term $I$, as we report  in Appendix \ref{appa}.
For this model the information obtained by the measurements is given by
\begin{equation}
I= -p\ln p-(1-p)\ln (1-p).
\label{eqI}
\end{equation}
Since there is no measurement error,
this quantity is just the Shannon entropy of a two-states system  at the
end of a time-interval, where $p$ is the probability of the lower energy state.  This quantity is stationary  given that $p$ is the same
at the end of all time-intervals.
The informational thermodynamic cost $I$, as compared to the work $W_{\textrm{avg}}$, has a different
relation with the number of coherent oscillations. For $\beta h_0\to\infty$, which leads to indefinite oscillations, this cost is minimal, i.e., this limit leads to $p=1$, which
leads to $I=0$. For $h_0=0$, for which there are no oscillations,  the mutual information is maximal $I=\ln 2$. As the number of coherent oscillations $\mathcal{N}$ increases, by increasing the parameter $h_0$, the informational thermodynamic cost $I$ decreases. This term  plays a key role in the entropy balance of more complex feedback driven system as we will show in the following section.

\section{Ising model with feedback}
\label{sec3}
\subsection{Model definition}

We now consider a fully connected Ising model with $N$ spins and a total of
$2^N$ states. The energy of the system is
\begin{equation}
E^{h}_M= -J M^2/(2N)-hM,
\label{eqenergy}
\end{equation}
where the magnetization takes the values $M=-N,-N+2,\ldots,N-2,N$, $J$ is the coupling parameter,
and $h$ is the external field. The state of the system is fully characterized by the orientation of
all the $N$ spins. However, since the energy of the mean-field model only depends on the magnetization
$M$, the dynamics during a time-interval can be simplified to a random walk on the $M$ space with transition
rates fulfilling the detailed balance condition. In particular, we choose
the transition rates
\begin{equation}
w^{h_n}_{M\to M+2}\equiv \frac{\gamma (N-M)\textrm{e}^{\beta[J(m+N^{-1})+h_n]}}{2\cosh(\beta[J(m+N^{-1})+h_n])}
\label{eqrates2}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
w^{h_n}_{M\to M-2}\equiv \frac{\gamma (N+M)\textrm{e}^{-\beta[J(m-N^{-1})+h_n]}}{2\cosh(\beta[J(m-N^{-1})+h_n])},
\label{eqrates3}
\end{equation}
where the subscript $n$ in $h_n$ represents the nth time-interval and $\gamma$ is a parameter that sets the time-scale of the transition rates. The duration of the time interval is $\tau$. We point out that
these transition rates depend on the measurement outcome in the previous time-interval and, therefore, they
depend on the particular stochastic trajectory.

The feedback scheme is as follows. At the end of a time-interval, the state of the
system is measured with perfect precision and the magnetic field $h$ is changed according to
\begin{equation}
h_{n+1}= h_n-\alpha M_n/N\equiv h_n-\alpha m_n,
\label{eqfeedback}
\end{equation}
where $\alpha$ is a constant and $M_n$ is the magnetization at the end of the nth time-interval. There is a similarity between this feedback scheme and the feedback scheme
for the two-state model. If the average magnetization is negative then the minimum of the  free energy is
on the negative side. The feedback is such that the minimum of the free energy is shifted towards the positive
side due to the change in the external field. For the opposite case of a positive magnetization,
the feedback scheme changes the minimum towards the negative side. Hence, it is expected that this feedback scheme
generates oscillatory behavior.

Numerical simulations of this model were performed as follows. We use the Gillespie algorithm \cite{gill77} to simulate a continuous
time random walk with the rates given by Eq. \eqref{eqrates2} and Eq. \eqref{eqrates3} for a time-interval $\tau$. At the end of the time-interval
the transition rates are updated by a change in the magnetic field given by Eq. \eqref{eqfeedback}. The initial condition for our
simulations was $h=0$ for the external field and $M=N$ for the magnetization.

\subsection{Oscillations in the Ising model}

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=77mm]{./Fig3.eps}
\vspace{-2mm}
\caption{Oscillations in the feedback driven Ising model. Average magnetization $m_n$
as a function of $n$. The parameters are set
to $\gamma=1$, $\tau=100$, $J=1$, $\beta= 2$, and $\alpha=0.5$. The period of
oscillations, which is the same for both system size for this value of $\alpha$,
is $n_{\textrm{osc}}=4$.}
\label{fig3}
\end{figure}

This feedback driven Ising model displays oscillations in the magnetization  $m_n$ for temperatures below the
critical temperature ($T_c=J^{-1}$). As shown in Fig. \ref{fig3}, the number of coherent oscillations depends on the
system size  and becomes indefinite  in the thermodynamic limit.
This feature has been demonstrated analytically for a model with continuous feedback  \cite{dema19}.

The oscillatory behavior of the magnetization shown in Fig. \ref{fig3} is similar to sub-harmonic oscillations in periodically-driven
systems with many degrees of freedom, such  as time-crystals. An example related to our model is the
periodically driven Ising model analyzed in \cite{gamb19b}, which displays subharmonic oscillations with a period that is two times the natural
period of the drive. For the oscillations in our model with the parameters used in Fig \ref{fig3}, the period is four times the
time-interval between two measurements.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=77mm]{./Fig4.eps}
\vspace{-2mm}
\caption{Effect of the parameter $\alpha$ in the period of oscillation. Average magnetization $m_n$
as a function of $n$. The parameters are set
to $\gamma=1$, $\tau=100$, $J=1$, $\beta= 3$, $\alpha=0.05$, and $N=256$. The period of
oscillations is estimated to be $n_{\textrm{osc}}= 36$.}
\label{fig4}
\end{figure}

The period of oscillations has a strong dependence on the parameter $\alpha$. In Fig. \ref{fig4} we show that the period of oscillation becomes
much larger for $\alpha=0.05$, as compared to the oscillations shown in Fig. \ref{fig3} with $\alpha=0.5$. For this case of a smaller
$\alpha$ the period of oscillations is estimated to be $n_{\textrm{osc}}= 36$. Besides the parameter $\alpha$, numerical simulations show that the period depends also on the inverse temperature $\beta$.

\subsection{Work and heat for the Ising model}

Let us consider a stochastic trajectory of the fully connected Ising model. We denote
by $M_n$ the magnetization at the end of the nth time-interval. From Eq. \eqref{eqworkgen}
in Appendix \ref{appa} the total work per spin exerted on the system for a stochastic trajectory with $\nu$ time intervals is
\begin{equation}
W=\frac{1}{N}\sum_{n=1}^{\nu-1}\left(E_{M_{n}}^{h_{n+1}}-E_{M_{n}}^{h_n}\right),
\label{eqworkmain}
\end{equation}
where $E_{M_{n}}^{h_{n+1}}$ is the energy of the system in the beginning of the (n+1)th time-interval and $E_{M_{n}}^{h_n}$
is the energy of the system at the end of the nth time-interval. We point out that we do not carry out the explicit dependence
of the work $W$ on the stochastic trajectory as we do in Appendix \ref{appa}. Furthermore, the quantity $W$ in Appendix \ref{appa}
represents the total work whereas here it represents the work per spin, i.e., the work divided by the number of spins $N$. This
quantity is finite in the thermodynamic limit $N\to\infty$. For all thermodynamic quantities of the Ising model, such as heat and entropy change,
we consider the thermodynamic quantity per spin, hence, there is a factor $N^{-1}$ in relation to the generic expressions given in Appendix \ref{appa}.
From Eqs. \eqref{eqenergy} and \eqref{eqfeedback}, the work in Eq. \eqref{eqworkmain} becomes
\begin{align}
W & =\sum_{n=1}^{\nu-1}(h^{n}-h^{n+1})M_n/N= \sum_{n=1}^{\nu-1} \alpha (M_n)^2/N^2\nonumber\\
& \equiv \sum_{n=1}^{\nu-1}W_n.
\label{eqworkmain2}
\end{align}
The dissipated heat per spin is obtained from Eq. \eqref{eqheatgen} in Appendix \ref{appa}, together with Eqs. \eqref{eqenergy} and \eqref{eqfeedback},
\begin{align}
Q &=\sum_{n=1}^{\nu}\left(E_{M_n}^{h_n}-E_{M_{n-1}}^{h_n}\right)\nonumber\\
    &= \sum_{n=1}^{\nu}J(M_n^2-M_{n-1}^2)/(2N^2)+h^n(M_n-M_{n-1})/N\nonumber\\
    &\equiv \sum_{n=1}^{\nu-1}Q_n.
\end{align}
The quantity $W_n$ is the work exerted on the system at the end of period $n$ and $Q_n$ is the heat dissipated during the nth time-interval. There is an abuse of notation
to represent the averages of $M_n$, $W_n$, and $Q_n$, which are stochastic quantities. In all figures and in all expressions below these symbols
represent averages over stochastic trajectories.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=77mm]{./Fig5.eps}
\vspace{-2mm}
\caption{Oscillations in work and heat . Average work $W_n$ and
average heat $Q_n$ as a function of $n$. The parameters are set
to $\gamma=1$, $\tau=100$, $J=1$, $\beta= 3$, $\alpha=0.5$, and $N=128$. The amplitude
of oscillations for the work $W_n$, which cannot be seem in this resolution, are much smaller than the amplitude of oscillations for the
heat $Q_n$.}
\label{fig5}
\end{figure}

In Fig. \ref{fig5} we plot heat $Q_n$ and work $W_n$ as a function of $n$. Both quantities oscillate with a period that
is half of the period of oscillations of the magnetization (which is $n_{\textrm{osc}}=4$ for this case),
since they are both quadratic functions of the variables $m$ and $h$. The amplitude of the oscillations for the work
$W_n$ are much smaller than the amplitude of the oscillations in the heat $Q_n$.

\subsection{Second law and information}

We now analyze the second law for the Ising model with feedback. The average entropy increase of
the external environment per spin for the nth time interval is given by $\Delta S_{\textrm{env}}^n= \beta Q_n$.
As shown in Fig. \ref{fig6}, this oscillating quantity can be negative at certain times $n$.
Such negative dissipated heat for a system in contact with a single heat bath would constitute a ``violation'' of the standard statement of
the second law of thermodynamics for systems without feedback.
However, for feedback driven systems there is also the informational contribution contribution
$I_n$. The total entropy change per spin for the nth time interval is $\Delta S_{\textrm{tot}}^n=\Delta S_{\textrm{env}}^n+I_n\ge 0$,
where this second law inequality is discussed in Appendix \ref{appa}. In Fig. \ref{fig6} we show that while the entropy change of the environment for a
certain times $n$ can be negative, when we also account for the informational term the total entropy change $\Delta S_{\textrm{tot}}^n$ is positive,
as predicted by the second law for feedback driven systems.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=77mm]{./Fig6.eps}
\vspace{-2mm}
\caption{Second law for the feedback driven Ising model. The entropy change of the environment $\Delta S_{\textrm{env}}^n$, which can be negative, and the
total entropy change $\Delta S_{\textrm{tot}}^n=\Delta S_{\textrm{env}}^n+I_n$ as functions of $n$. The parameters are set
to $\gamma=1$, $\tau=100$, $J=1$, $\beta= 2$, $\alpha=0.1$, and $N=512$.}
\label{fig6}
\end{figure}

The mutual information $I_n$ was calculated in the following way. Since there are no measurement errors the mutual information $I_n$ is just the entropy of the system at
the the end of the nth time-interval. If we denote a spin configuration with $N$ spins by $\mathbf{s}$
then the mutual information per spin is
\begin{equation}
I_n= -\frac{1}{N}\sum_\mathbf{s} P_n(\mathbf{s})\ln [P_n(\mathbf{s})],
\label{eqIns}
\end{equation}
where $P_n(\mathbf{s})$ is the probability of the spin configuration $\mathbf{s}$ at the end of the nth time interval.
The sum in Eq. \eqref{eqIns} is over the $2^N$ spin configurations.
For the present mean field model with the Hamiltonian in \eqref{eqenergy} that only depends on the magnetization
$M$, we have
\begin{eqnarray}
P_n(\mathbf{s})= P(\mathbf{s}|M) P_n(M) \nonumber\\
P(\mathbf{s}|M) = \frac{\delta(\sum_i s_i,M) }{\mathcal{C}_{N,M}},
\label{eqPnM}
\end{eqnarray}
where $P_n(M)$ is the probability of magnetization $M$ at the end of the nth time interval and $P(\mathbf{s}|M)$ is the conditional probability of the spin configuration given the magnetization $M$,
which is uniform over the  spin configurations with magnetization $M$. The number of spins configurations with magnetization $M$ is
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{C}_{N,M}=\frac{N!}{((N-M)/2)!((N+M)/2)!}.
\end{equation}
From Eq. \eqref{eqIns} and Eq. \eqref{eqPnM} we obtain
\begin{equation}
I_n=-\frac{1}{N}\sum_M P_n(M)\ln(P_n(M))+\frac{1}{N}\sum_M P_n(M)\ln(\mathcal{C}_{N,M}).
\end{equation}
The sum in this equation is over the $N+1$ possible values of the magnetization.
The mutual information $I_n$ can then be evaluated from a numerical calculation
of the probability $P_n(M)$.

\subsection{Scaling of the entropy production}

The stationary average change of entropy production per spin and per time-interval is defined as
\begin{equation}
\sigma= \frac{\beta}{\nu}\lim_{\nu\to \infty} \sum_{n=1}^\nu Q_n.
\end{equation}
We have analyzed numerically the scaling behavior of this quantity of the number of spins $N$.  Above the critical
temperature  $\sigma$ tends to a constant value in the thermodynamic limit. Below the critical point
$\sigma$  goes to zero in the thermodynamic limit. At the critical point this quantity shows a scaling
behavior that depends on the parameters $\alpha$ and $\tau$. We define the exponent $\theta$ as
\begin{equation}
\sigma\sim N^{1-\theta}.
\end{equation}
In Fig. \ref{fig7}, we plot $N\sigma$ as a function of $N$ for different values of $\alpha$ at fixed $\tau$.
For smaller values of $\alpha$ we obtain an exponent compatible with the mean field value of a continuous transition $\theta=0.5$.

For larger values of $\alpha$ we obtain an exponent compatible with $\theta=1$.
Hence, the entropy production is finite in the thermodynamic limit
at the critical point, i.e., for larger values of $\alpha$ there is a first-order phase transition. For intermediate values of $\alpha$ we obtain an effective exponent
between $0.5$ and $1$. However, the effective exponent estimated within a larger $N$ region
is larger than the effective exponent for smaller values of $N$. Hence, for intermediate values of $\alpha$ there is a transient in $N$ which
goes beyond the values of $N$ used in our simulations.
In Appendix \ref{appb} we characterize analytically the scaling behavior and the phase transition for small $\alpha$ and $\tau$ in the model with continuous feedback.

\begin{figure}
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=77mm]{./Fig7a.eps}
  \includegraphics[width=77mm]{./Fig7b.eps}
  \includegraphics[width=77mm]{./Fig7c.eps}
  \caption{The entropy production rate $\sigma$ as a function of the number of spins $N$ at the critical point $\beta=1$ for different values of $\alpha$.
  For the upper panel that is associated with $\alpha= 0.001$, the exponent estimated with the full red line is compatible with $\theta=0.5$. For the mid panel
  that is associated with $\alpha=0.18$, the exponent estimated with the full red line is compatible with $\theta=1$. For the lower panel that is associated with $\alpha=0.032$
  the effective exponent increases for increasing $N$. Parameters are set to $\gamma=1$, $\tau=100$, and $J=1$.}
\label{fig7}
\end{figure}

\section{Conclusion}
\label{sec4}

We have provided a systematic analysis of oscillations in noisy feedback driven systems.
The two-state model introduced here provides arguably the simplest example of such oscillation.
Exact calculations with this simple model  demonstrate fundamental differences
between oscillations in feedback driven systems and the other two kind of oscillators.
Importantly, even in a two-state system with thermal fluctuations the oscillations can remain
coherent for an arbitrarily long time, in contrast to oscillations in autonomous systems,
which can only remain coherent for a finite time that is determined by the number
of states of the system \cite{bara17a}. This property of indefinite oscillations in finite
systems is also present for subharmonic oscillations in periodically driven systems \cite{ober19},
however, the minimal model in this case was found to have three states, whereas our minimal
of a feedback driven oscillator has two states.

The feedback driven fully connected Ising model provides an example of a system with
several degrees of freedom that has oscillations that become indefinite in the thermodynamic limit, as previously demonstrated
in \cite{dema19} for a model with continuous feedback. We have shown that the model analyzed here with discrete feedback
displays subharmonic oscillations in the magnetization similar to the subharmonic oscillations in time-crystals.

The thermodynamic cost of oscillatory feedback driven systems has to be carefully analyzed. We have shown that
the oscillatory dissipated heat for the Ising model is negative at certain times, even if the system is
in contact with a single heat bath. However, if the informational thermodynamic cost related to measurements is
also taken into account the oscillatory total entropy change per time-interval is positive at all times, as predicted
by the second law for feedback driven systems. Whereas negative dissipated heat in feedback driven systems is  a
well known fact, previous studies have not considered the second law for feedback driven systems with oscillatons.

A similarity between oscillations in feedback driven systems and in autonomous systems deserves to be mentioned.
In both cases, in the deterministic limit,
we have instances of self-oscillatiors \cite{andr66} that cannot be differentiated at this level of description. However, these feedback driven oscillators
and autonomous oscillators are two different classes of oscillators at the stochastic level of description. In particular,
they have different limitations concerning the precision of oscillations and the second law of thermodynamics implies different
inequalities, with an informational term showing up for feedback driven oscillators.

Concerning future work, it would be interesting to numerically analyze the critical behavior of a two-dimensional Ising model with a feedback
scheme similar to the one considered here. In particular, a comparison of such model with  time-crystals could lead to an understanding
of differences and similarities between oscillatory feedback driven systems and time-crystals, concerning their critical behavior and thermodynamics.
From a broader perspective, a theoretical framework for oscillations in stochastic systems and their relation to thermodynamics is emerging.
The application of this framework to understand biological oscillators and to produce optimal synthetic oscillators remain key open problems.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Home > Books	> Chimes at Midnight by Seanan McGuire
Chimes at Midnight by Seanan McGuire
April 11, 2014 David Marshall	Leave a comment Go to comments
Well, here we continue on this minor diversion from the norm. For all it's faults, I enjoyed the Newsflesh trilogy Mira Grant and thought it would be interesting to look at the author writing under her own name. Now I appreciate this is taking a risk on two counts. The first is the reason why authors choose to write under a pseudonym. They already have a good brand name for a particular type of fiction. The new work will not fit into their existing fan base's expectations. So it must be hidden (until someone leaks the secret identity). The second is that I'm coming into an existing series which is never a good thing.
Chimes at Midnight by Seanan McGuire (DAW, 2013) is the seventh in the October Daye urban fantasy series. This time round, we're into the forbidden fruit of the Goblin variety, a drug that's addictive and ultimately deadly to changelings, but merely a pleasant high for full-blooded fae. The Queen of the Mists is the pusher. Yes, it comes over as a bit of a shocker to discover a leader can stoop so low but, as the gang boss says, she needs the money and the fact a few of the changelings die is nothing to worry about. Obviously, this lack of emotion is not terribly startling. The fae are notorious for their amorality. Only their half-breed children and a few on the margins have anything approaching a conscience. It seems October, Toby to her friends, is one of these changelings, a child of a fae and a human. When she innocently complains to the Queen that someone is pushing this deadly drug, she's given three days to get out of Dodge (well, San Francisco actually). This provokes the natural plot response. When the Luidaeg tips her off that the Queen's right to the throne was less than solid, the hunt is on to find the rightful heir. What's a little treason between old enemies.
Pausing for a moment, this is a hack plot idea. The Queen is an all-round evil person in charge of this small kingdom and, just when she really begins to go beyond the pale, our hero experiences the ultimate coincidence effect. The first person she talks to after being banished just happens to know the Queen is an unlawful usurper of the throne. Wow, is that a convenient piece of information, or what? And within a few more pages, our hero has tracked down the real heiress who's been hidden away for years without anyone being able to find her. Wow, it that ever evidence the girl guide's badge for tracking really does prove ability to find stuff and people? To say this is contrived and contorted would be an understatement.
So with Quentin, a teenage Daoine Sidhe courtier from Shadowed Hills, proving to have more maturity than previously suspected, and other minions in tow, it's moderately action-packed as we build on the coincidences to get to the solution at the end. Because this is urban fantasy, there's considerable focus on our hero's relationship with Tybalt, King of Cats. Naturally, they go through the emotional wringer and emerge all the stronger for it. Does this mean the book is a waste of time? In part, yes. But despite the morass of detail about fairy lore and genealogy, there's interest in this as an exploration of the nature of identity. As a changeling, Toby is powerless as a human and potentially powerful as a fae. The problem, as always in these situations, is to get the balance right between the two parts to give herself enough access to the magic without sacrificing her humanity.
The trigger for a more serious thread in the book is the decision of the Queen to expose our hero to the goblin fruit. As the crack cocaine of drugs, the effect on a changeling is to induce a shift to human where the effect is more pleasurable. Unfortunately, this loses the immortality feature that comes with the fairy genes: hence the high death rate. So our hero loses most of her powers and almost reverts to human. Not surprisingly, this undermines her confidence in herself as a partner to Tybalt. She's not sure he'll still love her. It also creates problems on how to stay alive and how to fight the evil Queen and her minions as a powerless human. I thought the introduction of a highly addictive drug was a brave ploy. It could have provided a real dynamic to the narrative as she goes cold turkey. Unfortunately, the whole situation is managed and then resolved just a little too easily. Yes, there has to be a big fight, but the physical and psychological stress of having to deal with the addiction is somewhat glossed over. The gritty reality of dealing with addiction would not really fit into an urban fantasy format. That said, this is not a completely awful book about fairies and the other species that interact to form the fae as a group of kingdoms or fiefdoms. The romance does deal with the uncertainties of love in a difficult situation. So, in my usual dismissive and patronising male voice, I can say Chimes at Midnight is quite good for an urban fantasy.
For reviews of the books written as Mira Grant, see:
and as written by Seanan McGuire:
Discount Armageddon
Half-off Ragnarok.
Categories: Books Tags: Chimes at Midnight, fairies, identity, magic, October Daye, romance, Seanan McGuire, urban fantasy
I've got to admit, whoever looked at the "historically" nasty Fair Folk and said "Hey, they'd be perfect bastards for fantasy noir," deserves a meddle. Not sure, but for all I know the trend may have started, or at least gotten a good jump, with Terry Pratchett's fantastic Diskworld novel, Lords & Ladies.
In the Swords of Albion duology by Mark Chadbourn, the fae are at war with the humans for reasons I will not disclose here and they are genuinely vicious. As to the source, the darkness started centuries ago with the forerunner of what we now call alien abduction. Fairies would steal you away out of time, and either not return you until years had passed, or return a changeling child. Even Shakespeare got in on the act with poor Bottom being turned unto an ass by Titania in A Midsummer Night's Dream. They were nasty and malicious at best. Cruel and murderous the rest of the time.
Yes, but something "happened" during and around the Victorian Era; fairies got turned into cuddly and playful spirits of childhood and nature. Then Tolkien came along and gave us his Middle Earth elves; not his fault, but his elves (based on Norse mythology) got conflated in popular fantasy with English elves–the previously nasty, now warm and fuzzy ones. To that, lets add the way many Wiccans have adopted fairies into their eclectic magical worldview; talk about sunshine and rainbows.
So the Fair Folk were "nice," or at least that's how it appeared to me from reading fantasy in the 80s. Then I read Lords & Ladies and became much more interested in the original mythology…
Yes, I blame J M Barry for Tinkerbell. . . Fortunately, being slightly older, I read all the "original" fairy stories courtesy of the Brothers Grimm and Hans Christian Andersen. The more modern reversion to the darker side came through the work of Jack Zipes whose academic studies and work as an anthology editor is worth looking at if you want to take this further.
I'll have to take a look, thanks!
Half-off Ragnarok by Seanan McGuire | Thinking about books
Feed by Mira Grant | Thinking about books
Blackout by Mira Grant | Thinking about books
Deadline by Mira Grant | Thinking about books
Chimes at Midnight | Susan Hated Literature
Elementary: Season 2, Episode 20. No Lack of Void (2014) Half-off Ragnarok by Seanan McGuire

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The magnificent frigatebird is known by several names including the pirate bird, condor of the oceans and 'Man-o'-War' bird. Common throughout the tropics, this aerial acrobat can be seen across the Archipelago.
The magnificent frigatebird has several nicknames. Charles Darwin called them 'the condor of the oceans' because they can spend days and nights at a time on the wing and have an exceptionally large wingspan; in fact the largest wingspan to body weight ratio of any bird in the world. This body shape gives them exceptional aerial manoeuvrability and allows them to glide on thermals for days at a time. The Spanish would call them 'pirate birds' and 'Man-o'-Wars' due to their habit of stealing food from other birds.
The male is all black with a purplish sheen on upper body feathers and a large red gular (throat pouch) which is inflated during the breeding season. The female is slightly larger and has a white breast and shoulder, as well as a blue eye-ring. The species is found across the tropics and it is estimated that the population in Galapagos could be several thousand pairs.
Their diet includes fish and small crustaceans as well as newly-hatched green turtles. They also chase other species of birds such as tropicbirds or boobies and force them to regurgitate their recently caught food by grabbing their tail feathers and shaking them, then catching the regurgitated food before it enters the sea – hence their 'pirate bird' nickname. The feathers have no waterproofing and become waterlogged if they stay on the water for more than a minute or two. Almost all visitors to the Islands who take a cruise will be transfixed by the handful of frigatebirds dancing and weaving in the skies whilst following their vessel as it moves between landing spots.
Breeding occurs throughout the year. During courting, a female will be surrounded by several males inflating their throat pouches and emitting a shrill trill before an acrobatic aerial display between the pair. Nests are made of a few twigs in low shrubbery close to the shore where a single egg is laid. Hatchlings are looked after for up to three months by the male after which he will breed again. The female then cares for the hatchling for a further nine months. This is the longest parental care known in the bird world. It is also the only known example of the males and females having differing breeding cycles amongst seabirds.
Where to see them: Main breeding colonies are found on North Seymour, Floreana, San Cristobal and Genovesa. They can be seen throughout the Archipelago in mangroves and deciduous trees as well as foraging over coral reefs and the coast.
When to see them: All year round. The breeding and nesting season varies throughout the Islands and dependent on climatic conditions.
Threats: The conservation status shows that the species is not under immediate threat, however some populations globally are being put under pressure due to habitat loss and tourist encroachment on their breeding grounds. Their feeding habits also make them reliant on oceanic predators which bring their food up to the surface. Species such as dolphin and tuna are being put under threat which in turn is a threat to the frigatebirds. They could also be affected by marine plastic pollution.
Conservation actions: The magnificent frigatebird is labelled as least concern by the IUCN Red List and as such there are no specific plans in place in Galapagos to protect this species particularly. However they are protected by the Galapagos National Park.
A short video by Robert E Fuller of the courtship ritual.
An short article by British wildlife artist Robert E Fuller about his experience of painting frigatebirds and boobies in Galapagos.


Shopping for teens is no easy task. While you still have some time to get your Christmas shopping done, when it comes to tech-loving teens, the sooner the better. That's why you should check out Macy's great deals on gadgets for teens. You'll even get an incredible 6 percent Cash Back if you act quickly.
Anyone tired of listening to their teen's surprisingly loud music collection will want to invest in a pair of headphones, like these colorful cans from Polaroid. On sale for $17.99, these headphones are also great on the go thanks to their easy foldability. They feature enhanced bass and a tangle free cable.
For the family that actually likes sharing their music tastes with each other there's the Pill portable speakers on the Beats by Dr. Dre line. They come in Black or Pink, but if you find these on your teen's wishlist, be warned they come at a cost of $200. They run wirelessly on Bluetooth 2.1 technology and feature seven hours of playback when fully charged.
Sure, your teen can drive, but now they keep losing their keys all over the house. Well stop the morning scramble to find them and get them a Remote Key Finder. The Key Finder has a 45-foot range that emits an alarm sound from a fob that attaches to a key chain so keys can be located quickly, so long as they didn't leave them at a friend's house!
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For the outdoor-loving teen, there's no better gift than this LED Stainless Steel Multitool. It features a Phillips head screwdriver, bottle opener, flathead screwdriver, knife, pliers with a wire cutter and a twist-on LED light. This handle multi-purpose tool comes in three colors – blue, graphite and red.
Read more articles about Macy's here.


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text:
Hey, Rep. Pat Meehan: If She Doesn't Like It, It's Not Romance
Nuclear-Grade Male Confidence
The congressman's excuse for pursuing a female aide feels all too familiar to women who have faced an amorous boss.
Updated Jan. 24, 2018 8:40PM ET / Published Jan. 24, 2018 3:21PM ET
Photo Illustration by Elizabeth Brockway/The Daily Beast
There are self-possessed men. There are self-assured men. And then there are men who are so overconfident that their excess of self-regard, if harnessed, could provide clean energy to their entire voting districts. Pennsylvania Rep. Pat Meehan is one of those men.
Meehan—a former federal prosecutor and now a leading member of the ethics committee that's just opened probes into sexual misconduct claims against at least four Congressmen—used taxpayer funds to secretly settle a complaint a former female employee made against him. The decades-younger woman claimed that the 62-year-old married father pursued a romantic relationship with her, and retaliated against her when he found out that she had a boyfriend.
Meehan has now claimed, in an extremely ill-advised interview with the Philadelphia Inquirer, that the things that the woman says happened are true, but that it wasn't harassment. They were soul mates. She says she experienced their employer-employee relationship as a troubling abuse of power; he says she didn't. He even released the moony handwritten love note he wrote her on stationery imprinted with the U.S. Capitol, to prove what a soulmate he was to her. For good measure, he had allies give a reporter her cool and polite response to it as though that proved she was on board the boss' soulmate train.
"In hindsight" he conceded Tuesday, he "should have been looking at it from the perspective of a subordinate and a superior." But this was an affair of the heart, and he quickly added that there's no "I" in his office, since "there is no hierarchy—we call it Team Meehan.".
That's nuclear-grade male confidence.
I've never received a handwritten love note from a corny-ass old married guy who signed my checks, thank goodness. I've never quit a job because the pupils in my boss's eyes turned to hearts every time I walked into the room, like a horny Looney Toon. But I'm a woman who works in journalism and comedy, two fairly male-dominated fields, and I spend a lot of time hanging around and talking to women who also work in those fields.
I recognized pieces of stories from my own career in the unfolding Meehan saga; I recognized pieces of stories from friends of mine. I especially recognized how abjectly stupid Meehan seems to be—in his own telling!—about how his actions impacted the woman who he insists must not have been impacted, and how his actions impact his actual wife and kids.
I've seen it, I've heard about it, and I can't believe that we're still having this conversation.
People meet at work all the time. Sometimes people fall in love with their bosses and get married and have gorgeous little families and laugh with their friends about how unconventional their romance was. That's the best-case scenario. Almost every other scenario leads to professional consequences that can be devastating to the lower-ranking employee.
Meehan represents one of the worst-case scenarios. The employee found his amorous advances inappropriate and left her job. (An important tip for men: If she doesn't like it, it's not romance.) Meehan's office used taxpayer money to make it go away. And, according to the interview he gave today, he still believes that the whole thing wasn't harassment; it was romance, and there's nothing dirty about that.
"I was a happily married man and I was not interested in a relationship, particularly not any sexual relationship, but we were soul mates. I think that the idea of soul mate is that sort of person that out go through remarkable experiences together."
His poor wife.
I can only imagine what Meehan's aide must have gone through, and must still be going through. To have an older and more successful person in one's field take an interest in one's career is flattering. The realization that the interest in one's career was a feigned means to a sexual or romantic end can be completely unmooring. The recipient of romantic attention can question whether their enamored boss ever had faith in their ability at all, or if the encouragement and guidance all came from a selfish place. It can feel like an enormous breach of trust.
Having a boss do this once is a real mindfuck. Having men do it over and over again can devastate a woman's self-worth. It conditions her to question the motives of any man who shows interest in her career, it can lead her to wonder if a man's dismissal of her is over a lack of sexual interest. It's the worst.
Meehan's refusal to see how what he did was wrong reminded me of a bizarro world version of the apology Dan Harmon recently issued to his former employee Megan Ganz. When Ganz was a writer on Community and Harmon was the showrunner, Harmon pursued her romantically. When the object of his affection wasn't interested, Harmon, like Meehan, retaliated. Harmon addressed his interactions with Ganz on his podcast recently. He described what he'd done, his emotional state while he was doing it, and he expressed his deep sorrow over causing her the pain that he'd caused her. He talked about what he'd learned. He apologized. He pleaded with his fans to leave Ganz alone. Ganz said she accepted the apology and told the New York Times she felt "vindicated."
We're living in strange times when comedy writers have a stronger moral compass than public servants.
Since the story came out, Meehan has been removed from the House Ethics Committee. He still holds his seat, and says he'll run for it again in November. He still apparently thinks he did nothing wrong, which is perhaps the biggest insult of all.


' ANYTHING VOUCHER ' which I haven't claim.
I wonder what should I ask for? Any suggestions?
The Sky Beach was full with young expatriates having a blast! Normally it's not that pack and I always prefer to go during the weekdays anyways. Less crowded! No beer can or wine bottle lying around. Yup, sometimes these people or their visitors can be quite uncivilised. I mean, how hard is it to throw rubbish into the bin?
Since I was young, my parents always took us to the beach, like Pulau Perhentian was one of our favourite holidays with their gang, something like my Party Divers Gang :) Gosh, I miss holidays.
Oklah, I admit I had some fun playing with Mika's toys! Don't judge me. I am still a big kid, and also I got another confession to make... I can't wait till Mika is old enough to walk so that I can bring him to the kids playground where they have lotsa balls, where you can dive in and hide with a gazillions balls. Sounds very awesome to me! Where ah?
Mika look so cute here, all wrapped up! Ready for Pom Pom ( shower ) then followed by Mother's Day dinner.
My family! All BLACK cos we GRUNGE! Just kidding! Our tops were Christmas gifts from Martin and Chelle, finally get to wear it cos when Mika received it was too big for him.
With my mother in law, my parents are currently in Alaska, enjoying their holidays.. thats why they are not here, dad keep on posting his holiday pictures which makes jealous! The scenery is just breathtaking! I wonder when can I travel overseas?
Special dishes prepared by Chelle :) So YUMS!
The day ended with STICKERS! Yes, another confession... I LOVE STICKERS! Used to collect them during primary school! I am sure everyone has stickers album right? Mine is full with SAILORMOON, SPICE GIRLS and furry stickers. I remember those furry or puffy ones were the luxurious one hahaha!
We also celebrated our ANNIVERSARY! It's been 6 years since we started dating. Marcus asked me, why don't you choose one. Either we celebrate this or our wedding anniversary.
I told him why don't I plan for every dating anniversary and you can plan for every wedding anniversary, seems fair right?
So this year I was craving for some seafood since I don't really get to eat much during my pregnancy and confinement.
So, 3pm... where everyone, more like all the ladies were ordering their high tea menu, we ordered our seafood platter.
When the food was served, everyone was looking at us.
But we didn't care and we laughed a bit! I just want my seafood!
Say hello to 5 Prawns, 4 yabby, 2 oysters, 1 flower crab, 1 alaskan king crab leg, some mussels and clams.
WHY I CHOOSE A SEAFOOD PLATTER?
We were having oysters at Italianese/Republic Bar when I add a lot of chilli and tabasco sauce on his oysters and dare him to eat it!
He then asked what can he get by doing so?
I thought it was kinda a hard task since he has to swallow all that spiciness right?
Oh ya! I cut my hair shorter, wanted to look more like a mom since everyone said I don't look like one and mana tau people said I look younger. Mission failed? But I super love this haircut by Number 76, Bangsar branch by Jillian!
Loving culottes for summer! All thanks to Victoria Beckham when she wore it during one of her recent fashion shows.
Ok lah, gotta work on Mermaid Dreams now while Mika is sleeping, or else no chance to work!
I love your glasses.. So elegant! Where are they from?


text:
Michael J. Fox Foundation: New Legislation Could Eliminate Barriers for Medical Cannabis Research
The MJFF states their support for medical cannabis research and reform.
Moira Feeney
The Michael J. Fox Foundation (MJFF), named after the actor who has Parkinson's disease, reiterated its support for increased access to medical cannabis for research purposes.
The foundation is also promoting three specific cannabis reform bills that would eliminate barriers to research.
"Removing barriers for medical cannabis is one way in which Congress can help scientific researchers determine what the benefits of medical cannabis might be for Parkinson's disease," said Ted Thompson, senior vice president of public policy for MJFF.
The MJFF is seeking to convince Congress to reschedule cannabis under the Controlled Substances Act (CSA), which would lift a major obstacle blocking research that has already shown that marijuana likely possesses therapeutic benefits for treating Parkinson's disease symptoms.
"Our role on the public policy team is to work with Congress and the administration to ensure there is access and funding for research and care initiatives that can benefit people living with Parkinson's and, right now, that includes access to medical cannabis for research," Thompson said.
According to the MJFF website, the foundation's public policy team is tracking the following bills and intends to inform members of Congress and their staff as to why the bills matter to the Parkinson's community:
H.R. 601: The Medical Cannabis Research Act of 2019, which calls for the elimination of barriers to conduct more research.
H.R. 712 / S. 179: The VA Medical Cannabis Research Act of 2019 calls for more research to be conducted to ease the burden of VA-covered veterans with pain.
H.R. 4322 / S. 2400: Expanding Cannabis Research and Information Act. This bill reclassifies cannabis from a Schedule I to a Schedule III controlled substance and calls for more sites to grow research cannabis.
In a letter to Sen. Dick Durbin (D-IL), who is the Senate sponsor of the Expanding Cannabis Research and Information Act, the MJFF noted that marijuana's current classification under federal law and the inadequate quality of cannabis grown at the only federally authorized manufacturing facility has meant that "researchers do not have the proper materials to conduct the necessary research."
The MJFF worked with the Parkinson's Foundation to submit letters of support for this bill.
Letters of support can still be submitted here.
The foundation has also submitted comments to the Food and Drug Administration arguing in favor of rescheduling marijuana in 2018 and 2019.
Increasing access to cannabis in the United States and around the world has prompted more scientific research that could unlock new treatments and therapies into a wide range of diseases.
A pioneering clinical trial to test the effects of cannabidiol (CBD) on Parkinson's sufferers has recently gotten underway in the United Kingdom where researchers are hopeful it can provide relief from the disease's symptoms.
To see Michael J. Fox talk about his journey with cannabis and Parkinson's disease, check out this YouTube video.
medical marijaunaparkinsons disease marijuanaParkinson's diseasemedical cannabis
Justice Dept. Promises (again) to Allow More Research Cannabis to be Grown, not by Ole Miss
More People Using Cannabis to Treat Illness than to Get High as Govt. Pledges to Spend More on MMJ Research
Ohio Medical Board Rejects Autism and Anxiety for Medical Cannabis
DEA Commits to Allowing Cultivation of 3.2 Million Grams of Research Cannabis in 2020
Getting Physicians Caught Up on Cannabis Medicine
Breaking: Congressional Committee Approves Law for More Cannabis Research
Emails Show that Officials under Trump Have Been Pushing for Cannabis Research
Arthritis Foundation Releases First CBD Guidance for Adults With Arthritis


text:
Carlos Alberto González Fernández (born 30 March 1976) is a Paraguayan footballer, who currently plays for Municipal in Guatemala's top division.

External links

1976 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Asunción
Paraguayan footballers
Paraguayan expatriate footballers
Paraguay international footballers
Segunda División players
Paraguayan Primera División players
Categoría Primera A players
Bolivian Primera División players
UE Lleida players
C.S.D. Municipal players
Cerro Corá footballers
Club Guaraní players
Club Libertad footballers
12 de Octubre Football Club players
Club Nacional footballers
The Strongest players
Deportes Tolima footballers
Atlético Bucaramanga footballers
Expatriate footballers in Guatemala
Expatriate footballers in Spain
Expatriate footballers in Uruguay
Expatriate footballers in Bolivia
Expatriate footballers in Colombia
Paraguayan expatriate sportspeople in Uruguay
Paraguayan expatriate sportspeople in Bolivia
Paraguayan expatriate sportspeople in Colombia
Paraguayan expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Association football midfielders

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Goldman Sachs to start cutting thousands of jobs midweek – Reuters.com
by News Feed Editor | Jan 9, 2023 | Jobs
Jan 9 (Reuters) – Goldman Sachs Group (GS.N) will start cutting thousands of jobs across the firm from Wednesday, two sources familiar with the move said, as it prepares for a tough economic environment.Just over 3,000 employees will be let go, one of the sources said, but the final number is yet to be determined. That scale of layoffs would be the largest since the 2008 financial crisis, one of the sources said.The sources could not be named as the information was not yet disclosed publicly. Goldman Sachs declined to comment.Bloomberg News reported on Sunday that Goldman would eliminate about 3,200 positions.Goldman had 49,100 employees at the end of the third quarter, after adding significant numbers of staff during the coronavirus pandemic.The layoffs are likely to affect most of the bank's major divisions, but should centre on Goldman Sachs' investment banking arm, one of the sources said. Wall Street banks have suffered a major slowdown in corporate dealmaking activity as a result of volatile global financial markets.Hundreds of jobs are also likely to be reduced from Goldman Sachs' consumer business, Marcus, after it scaled back plans for the loss-making unit, the sources said.The bank's chief executive David Solomon sent a year-end voice memo to staff warning of a headcount reduction in the first half of January, two separate sources said. Goldman Sachs declined comment on the memo.The job cuts come ahead of the bank's annual bonus payments which are usually delivered later in January and are expected to fall about 40%.The bank restarted its annual performance review process and staff cuts in September after pausing for two years during the pandemic.The Wall Street giant typically trims about 1% to 5% of employees each year. These new cuts will come on top of the earlier layoffs.Global banks, including Morgan Stanley (MS.N) and Citigroup Inc (C.N), have reduced their workforces in recent months as a dealmaking boom on Wall Street fizzled out due to high interest rates, tensions between the United States and China, the war between Russia and Ukraine, and soaring inflation.Global investment banking fees nearly halved in 2022, with $77 billion earned by the banks, down from $132.3 billion one year earlier, Dealogic data showed.The total value of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) globally had slumped 37% to $3.66 trillion by Dec. 20, according to Dealogic data, after hitting an all-time high of $5.9 trillion last year.Banks had executed $517 billion worth of equity capital markets (ECM) transactions by late December 2022, the lowest level since the early 2000s and a 66% drop from 2021's bonanza, according to Dealogic data.Despite the slowdown, Goldman's top dealmakers told Reuters in recent interviews that they are bullish on an M&A recovery in the second half of 2023.Reporting by Saeed Azhar in New York and Scott Murdoch in Sydney; Editing by Kenneth Maxwell, Christopher Cushing and Nick ZieminskiOur Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.Scott MurdochThomson ReutersScott Murdoch has been a journalist for more than two decades working for Thomson Reuters and News Corp in Australia. He has specialised in financial journalism for most of his career and covers equity and debt capital …


text:
Tayla Stanford
Tayla Stanford first picked a rugby ball up in Cooma at eight-years-old playing League until she swapped codes to union the age of ten. At twelve, she was unable to play with the boys anymore so Tayla had to leave footy and played Soccer until she was fourteen.
Picking the oval ball back up two years later, Stanford's quick feet and barnstorming runs helped with the accolades she has achieved from then on. She represented the Brumbies Schoolgirls in 15's and 7's and at 16-years-old was selected for the Brumbies Women's 7's team that won the National Championship. This was indeed, a dream come true. Little did Stanford know that barely two years later she would be selected to represent Australia at the Youth Olympics in China, the icing on the cake was to come back to Australia with a gold medal around her neck. It was certainly a once in a life time experience she will never forget. Subsequently, Stanford decided to move to Canberra to join the local Women's competition with the Tuggeranong Viqueens. This has helped her grow as a player with the honour of pulling on the Brumbies' Women jersey in 15's and 7's every year since 2012 until 2017 when she was ruled out due to injury. But that didn't stop the energetic Stanford from pushing further and harder with her selection in the inaugural Super W Series in 2018 with the Brumbies and UC AON 7's team which saw her selected into the Wallaroos extended squad.
Super W 2019 season


The Tuft - Club Penguin Wiki - the free, editable encyclopedia about Club Penguin's games, rooms, items and parties!
The Tuft is a wig in Club Penguin. It could be found in the Big Wigs and Penguin Style catalogs where members could buy it for 500 coins. A similar item is The Right Stuff.
In the January 2009 Penguin Style catalog, it went with the Sea Green Outfit and Vinyl Messenger Bag. In the October 2011 Penguin Style catalog, it went with the Black Sunglasses, Black Hoodie and Untied Sneakers.
The Tuft was first available in the September 2008 Big Wigs catalog and was re-released in the September 2009 and October 2011 Penguin Style catalog(s). It also appeared in September 2008 Penguin Style (along with the Sea Green Outfit and Vinyl Messenger Bag) but wasn't sold there until Clearance in January 2009. It is a common item, and is also quite popular among male penguins.
The Tuft on a player card.
This page was last modified on 16 April 2015, at 09:07.


If you are looking for a modern ring binder with added value built in then look no further than our 'TUFF FILE'. Made from 88% recycled polypropylene, the front cover and spine have an A4 sized Print On Demand display pocket to enable quick and easy customisation.
Traditional economy ring binders have suffered from having their quality driven down by commodity pricing. We believe this has opened up a position in the market for a new kind of ring binder that is super strong, does not split or fall apart, is more environmentally friendly, lasts a very long time and is then easy to break apart for recycling.
The tuff file is water resistant with a wipe clean surface that we are now able to offer with an anti-microbial coating making it the ultimate choice for infection control areas of use like hospitals and care homes. Contact us for more details on this option.
Available with a choice of 2 or 4 ring mechanisms at 25mm capacity.


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text:
package org.apache.logging.log4j;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * Markers are objects that are used to add easily filterable information to log messages.
 *
 * Markers can be hierarchical - each Marker may have a parent. This allows for broad categories being subdivided into
 * more specific categories. An example might be a Marker named "Error" with children named "SystemError" and
 * "ApplicationError".
 */
public interface Marker extends Serializable {

    /**
     * Adds a Marker as a parent to this Marker.
     *
     * @param markers The parent markers to add.
     * @return The current Marker object, thus allowing multiple adds to be concatenated.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the argument is {@code null}
     */
    Marker addParents(Marker... markers);

    /**
     * Returns true if the given marker has the same name as this marker.
     *
     * @param obj the reference object with which to compare.
     * @return true if the given marker has the same name as this marker.
     * @since 2.4
     */
    @Override
    boolean equals(Object obj);

    /**
     * Returns the name of this Marker.
     *
     * @return The name of the Marker.
     */
    String getName();

    /**
     * Returns a list of parents of this Marker.
     *
     * @return The parent Markers or {@code null} if this Marker has no parents.
     */
    Marker[] getParents();

    /**
     * Returns a hash code value based on the name of this marker. Markers are equal if they have the same name.
     *
     * @return the computed hash code
     * @since 2.4
     */
    @Override
    int hashCode();

    /**
     * Indicates whether this Marker has references to any other Markers.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if the Marker has parent Markers
     */
    boolean hasParents();

    /**
     * Checks whether this Marker is an instance of the specified Marker.
     *
     * @param m The Marker to check.
     * @return {@code true} if this Marker or one of its ancestors is the specified Marker, {@code false} otherwise.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the argument is {@code null}
     */
    boolean isInstanceOf(Marker m);

    /**
     * Checks whether this Marker is an instance of the specified Marker.
     *
     * @param name The name of the Marker.
     * @return {@code true} if this Marker or one of its ancestors matches the specified name, {@code false} otherwise.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the argument is {@code null}
     */
    boolean isInstanceOf(String name);

    /**
     * Removes the specified Marker as a parent of this Marker.
     *
     * @param marker The marker to remove.
     * @return {@code true} if the marker was removed.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the argument is {@code null}
     */
    boolean remove(Marker marker);

    /**
     * Replaces the set of parent Markers with the provided Markers.
     *
     * @param markers The new set of parent Markers or {@code null} to clear the parents.
     * @return The current Marker object.
     */
    Marker setParents(Marker... markers);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


I was lucky enough to be in the right place at the right time for this shot of an RAF aircraft doing its low flying exercises over the Roughtor area of Bodmin Moor.
Thanks, for my style of photography it was unusual to have to use the continuous shooting to make sure I got this. Nearly forgot I had it on the camera!


Quietly elegant, French-inspired. Quartz clock has an ornate floral face, Roman numerals, and openwork bezel with stylized fronds. The battery is housed in a weatherresistant box. Cast in recycled aluminum, hand-finished with all-weather bronze paint and gold highlights. Takes 1 AA battery (included). Hanging hook on back. 16" diameter. Specify name or address up to 17 characters. Allow 3 weeks. No rush delivery or gift box.


Tim just sent me the initial proof for the emblem overlay. I like it but think we need to talk about it a little before making a comitment to the design. Not sure why just yet but I think we can improve on the current design if we put our minds together!
Let me know what you think in the form of a reply. Remember, these will run $20 per set which includes the front emblem overlay, rear, steering wheel, and shipping. As I said before, not a bad price!
Maybe its just the picture, but the bull looks a little off-center. Anyways...it's not bad, but what about making the background white, the bull black, and writing "SE" on one side of the head and "TCCA" on the other? Maybe that sounds stupid, idk, just spewing out a few ideas.
What grille is that from? a later Gen 4 Taurus?
Maybe its just the picture, but the bull looks a little off-center.* Anyways...it's not bad, but what about making the background white, the bull black, and writing "SE" on one side of the head and "TCCA" on the other?* Maybe that sounds stupid, idk, just spewing out a few ideas.
What grille is that from?* a later Gen 4 Taurus?
I'll check on the centering. I like the ideas you spewed...very nice! Good ones all!
The example doesn't look like my Gen IV grille, the emblem is too large. I gave him my measurements and I'm guessing he just used an emblem he had lying around that matched. Measurements would be the same across the board I imagine but to be sure, other model years will need to be measured for accuracy.
looks good without any letters! i love the black!!
... its a work in progress.
could this fit on a 94 ?
im gonna get a couple of these made for me tomorrow in nh. cant wait!!
Looking Good... From what I can see its centered. I like the white on black. Just a FYI, in T.V. The Teleprompters are white text on a black background because it's easier to see, so I think that its fine the way it is. What about getting some color in there, and maybe even the sites URL.


text:
The Anatomy Of
Kvlt Kolvmn
BLASTBEAT NETWORK
187 - Immanuel, See You Next Tuesday
All the Heavy Lifting - A Heavy Blog Playlist
Moloken - Unveilance of Dark Matter
Acid Mammoth - Under Acid Hoof
Odious Mortem - Synesthesia
Nero di Marte - Immoto
Thy Catafalque - Naiv
Antigama – The Insolent
written by Heavy Blog on May 7, 2015
It is very difficult to find a band that does something different within the confines of one genre. This is most apparent in grindcore, a genre with very little variation. Songs within this genre tend to mesh together when you're listening to them for extended periods of time. The fact that you can also knock out triple the amount of songs that you could with any other genre of music adds to what becomes a rather laborious task when it comes to listening to a grindcore album front to back. Antigama are another grindcore band trying to set them apart from the pack by doing some different things, but in the end, it all comes full circle.
From the start, there is quite a lot of interesting guitar work on this record. It is what really stands out in regards to the music. There are parts that are akin to The Tony Danza Tapdance Extravaganza, and there are even some parts that can be linked to the grindcore giants in Pig Destroyer. There are, of course, the typical blast beats and screams that have become essential to the genre, but there are flourishes of different genres here. They almost sound as if they are delving into progressive metal at times, with the first three songs displaying some really awesome musicianship.
The album is very brief, however, so it is just enough that the music does not become too abrasive. There are grindcore releases that have upwards of 20 songs on it that essentially become one huge chore to listen through without taking a break. The band seems to understand this, and likely used this as the reason to make an album of only 10 songs: it's to the point, cut and dry, and it's something that could be played multiple times on a lengthy commute to work, or even on a lengthy break while at work.
The album experiences one fatal flaw that many grindcore records experience, however, and that is the fact that the record never picks back up again. After the first half of the record, most of the songs tend to slow down in tempo and intensity. There's never anything wrong with slowing it down a little bit, because this adds variety that is much needed when it comes to such a brief album. The problem, however, lies in the fact that it does not end on a high note. The album starts off fast, and then gets slow. There's no dichotomy between the two, and these songs don't mix together, but stand apart as separate entities. The slow songs are still good in their own right, but it is very hard to enjoy them when they are one after the other.
At the end of the day, Antigama have made a really fun and energetic grindcore release, but one that will leave you hungry for more. It's as if you went out to your favorite burger joint and only got half of your meal. You still want more, and unfortunately after listening to the record, you'll be in the same position. While the band has been around for over a decade they have yet to find that perfect balance of songs that will make their music truly unforgettable.
Antigama – The Insolent gets…
Posted in ReviewsTagged Antigama, grindcore, Pig Destroyer, the tony danza tapdance extravaganza
Moloken – Unveilance of Dark Matter
Acid Mammoth – Under Acid Hoof
Odious Mortem – Synesthesia
Post Rock Post – Hubris
Arsonists Get All The Girls Call It Quits
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Have you tried contacting Sigma? If not keep rummaging in the bargain bins in camera shops.
Might still be worth contacting them. They will still service/repair discontinued lenses and may have a spare. Finding out will only cost you an email.
What lens is it for?
You will have a hard job finding one of those ... perhaps a plastic screw on one would do for now?
Maybe this is of some help?


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New Regulations and Legislation from the Republic of Panama
Law #52 of 2016 has established that from January 1, 2017 legal entities (corporations and foundations) that do not perform operations that are perfected, consummated or take effect within the Republic of Panama will be obliged to keep accounting records and maintain their supporting documentation.
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Guatemala: Updates to the Presidential Dispositions for COVID-19
Following our previous communications and regarding the measures being taken by the Government of the Republic of Guatemala, we hereby inform you of the changes to the Presidential Dispositions for COVID-19 in Guatemala dated March 16 and 21 of 2020.
On March 29, 2020, the "Presidential Provisions in Case of Public Calamity and Orders for Strict Compliance" dated March 28, 2020, were published in the Official Newsletter (Diario de Centro América).
The following is a summary of only the most relevant of the modified aspects to the previous presidential dispositions:
Temporary scope, repeal, and validity
The new provisions became effective as of Monday, March 30, 2020, at 0:00 a.m.
Suspension of work and activities in the public and private sector
It suspends the activities of the entities of the State, Executive Organism and the Private Sector, until Sunday, April 12, 2020 (establishing that the term may be reduced or extended according to the presidential provision).
Executive exhortation in labor relations and social security
It establishes that occupational health is the responsibility of employees, workers and union organizations who are urged to carry out the suspension of employment contracts in the modality, form and time that each individual or collective situation warrants.
Calls for workers and employees to enter into agreements within the legal framework and that they are made in strict compliance with the principles of labor law.
Exhorts the Guatemalan Social Security Institute to provide solutions with those who generate financing for the social security system.
Social security and restrictions on freedom of movement
It limits the transit, movement of people, crew, passengers, vehicles or all types of private land transport and passengers between 4:00 p.m. of the day until 4:00 a.m. of the following day, the provisions will be in effect between Monday, March 30, 2020, to Sunday, April 12, 2020.
Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any questions. At Dentons Muñoz we have extensive talent and experience and would be happy to help you meet these new challenges.
Luis Abundio Maldonado
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