text:
Wanda Zofia Michalina Kwiatkowska z Wodzyńskich (ur. 1847 w Piaskach, zm. 11 sierpnia 1930) – uczestniczka powstania styczniowego, aktorka.

Życiorys
Wcześnie straciła ojca. Gdy wybuchło powstanie styczniowe, matka Michaliny z powodu poważnej choroby przebywała za granicą. Michalinę wychowywali wujostwo Mazurkiewiczowie, dzierżawcy kościelnego majątku Czerniejewo niedaleko Lublina.

W 1863, kiedy wybuchło powstanie styczniowe, należała do tzw. piątki pani Czachowskiej. Przed insurekcją "piątki" zajmowały się m.in. kwestą na rzecz powstańców, zaopatrywały ich w odzież. Jako szesnastolatka Kwiatkowska została zaprzysiężona. Wyprosiła zgodę wujostwa i Czachowskiej, by być kurierką. Jednym z pierwszych zadań było dostarczenie broni partii Tomasza Wierzbickiego. Wyprawiła się też na Podlasie do oddziału Karola Krysińskiego, gdzie poznała ks. Stanisława Brzóskę. W czasie kontaktu z Marcinem Borelowskim "Lelewelem" poznała jego narzeczoną, także kurierkę, Anielę Kozłowską. Krążyła między macierzystym oddziałem Borelowskiego a innymi oddziałami oraz władzami cywilnymi powstania. Uczestniczyła w bitwie pod Batorzem. Przewoziła rozkazy, raporty i pieniądze. Uczestniczyła w bitwie pod Fajsławicami. Pełniła dyżury w szpitalu powstańczym w Bychawie. Następnie była kurierką w oddziale Michała Mareckiego, który działał w okolicach Czerniejewa. 24 stycznia 1864 Marecki się jej oświadczył. Następnego dnia oddział rosyjski napadł na dwór w Suchym Lipiu, w którym stacjonował Marecki. Został postrzelony, zdążył jednak oddać Kwiatkowskiej dokumenty. W trakcie rewizji, którą przeprowadzono po pogrzebie zabitych i spalonych przez Rosjan powstańców, Kwiatkowska została aresztowana przez kozaków. Odesłano ją do Zamościa. Na przesłuchaniach nie wydała nikogo.

Po okresie spędzonym w trudnych warunkach została przeniesiona do tzw. celi oficerskiej. W sąsiedniej cieli siedziała Aniela Kozłowska. Kwiatkowska przebywała w więzieniu w Zamościu przez 1,5 roku. Została uznana za niebezpieczną polską buntowniczkę. Następnie przewieziono ją do X Pawilonu Cytadeli Warszawskiej. Później pod eskortą rosyjskiego wojska odesłano ją do granicy Wielkiego Księstwa Poznańskiego. Przez jakiś czas mieszkała w Toruniu, potem w Poznaniu i Dubinie, gdzie zaopiekował się nią ks. Kleiner. Po ustaniu represji wobec uczestniczących w powstaniu wróciła w Lubelskie.

Według Encyklopedii teatru polskiego była aktorką i już w latach 1864–1866 występowała w teatrze w Łodzi w zespole F. Sellina. W 1868 występowała w Radomiu, a między majem 1868 a styczniem 1869 w Kielcach w zespole A. Carmantranda. W latach 1869–1870 osobę o takich danych notuje się w Płocku w zespole A. Raszewskiego. W 1870 wróciła do Łodzi, a w kolejnym roku występowała w zespole J. Cybulskiego w Ciechocinku. W 1876 odnotowano jej występy w zespole M. Krauzego w Łomży. W 1868 w Kielcach wyszła za mąż za Aleksandra Władysława Kwiatkowskiego, byłego powstańca, później adwokata, który według Encyklopedii teatru polskiego był aktorem.

W podeszłym wieku Michalina Kwiatkowska zamieszkała w Gnieźnie w domu córki Marii Bogackiej. W 1924 znalazła się w czwartym wykazie nazwisk weteranów powstania styczniowego jako jedna z pięciu kobiet (oprócz niej na listę wpisano wówczas Niceforę Kalicką, Gryzeldę Malinowską, Wandę Umińską i Lucynę Żukowską). W 1930 Kwiatkowska została odznaczona Krzyżem Niepodległości.

Pochowano ją na Cmentarzu Powązkowskim w Warszawie.

Przypisy

Pochowani na cmentarzu Powązkowskim w Warszawie
Urodzeni w 1847
Zmarli w 1930
Odznaczeni Krzyżem i Medalem Niepodległości
Weterani powstania styczniowego w II Rzeczypospolitej
Odznaczeni Krzyżem Niepodległości
Polskie aktorki
Powstańcy styczniowi odznaczeni Krzyżem Niepodległości
Kobiety – powstańcy styczniowi
Osoby represjonowane za udział lub pomoc w powstaniu styczniowym
Podporucznicy II Rzeczypospolitej (weterani powstania styczniowego)
Powstańcy styczniowi

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text:
Q: tcl: how to use the value of a variable to create a new variable here is an example of what I'm trying to do.
set t SNS
set ${t}_top  [commands that return value]

Want to get the info stored at ${t}_top
puts "${t}_top"
 SNS_top  (really want the data stored there?)

Thought it was : ${{$t}_top}  , maybe that was perl  but {} inside the {} do not work.

A: One of the really interesting things about Tcl is that you can create variable names dynamically, as you are doing in the question you posted. However, this makes it tricky to write and makes your code harder than necessary to understand.
Instead of trying to figure out how to do the equivalent of ${{$t}_top}, it's arguably better to avoid the problem altogether. You can do that by using an associative array.
For example, instead of this:
set t SNS
set ${t}_top  [commands that return value]
...
puts [set ${t}_top]

Do this:
set t SNS
set top($t) [commands that return value]
...
puts $top($t)

Most people agree that the latter example is much more readable.

A: try
puts [set ${t}_top]

A: Each line of code in Tcl is run through the substitution phase (in which variables, commands, etc are substituted) only once... generally. As such, something like
set var1 1
set var2 var1
set var3 $$var2

won't wind up with var3 equaling 1, since the substitutor will replace "$$var2" with "the value of the variable named '$var2' (literally)" and stop.
What you need it to either go about things another way or to force another round of substitution. The other way is generally to avoid needing a second round of substitution (as shown by Jackson):
set var3 [set $var2]

Here, the $var2 is replaced, during substitution, by "var1"... then [set var1] returns 1... then var3 gets set to the value of "1"... and you're good.

A: The syntax
puts [expr $${t}_top]

works as well, and avoids using the 'set' operation so a syntax error shouldn't overwrite your data.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: How to make Zend_acl work on ZF 1.12 I've found the guidance here how to start with Zend Acl, going throuh the steps of the best answer but I've become stuck on this operation:

Final steps are loading your configAcl.php and register the AuthPlugin
  in bootstrap file (probably index.php).

When I start my application, it tells me

Fatal error: Class 'AuthPlugin' not found in C:\Program Files (x86)\Apache Software Foundation\Apache2.2\htdocs\myproject\public\index.php on line 28

but I have put this plugin in applications/plugins folder. I'm new to Zend Framework and using v.1.12 (because I didn't find out how to create project in new version: the command-line app in bin folder was missing).
Maybe I have to edit my Bootstrap.php file, but I don't know how. Every instruction I found looks like for another version of framework, because the code in their public/index.php is very different from mine.

A: So after sitting an hour I finally found out how to do it. Honestly, I would have found answer for my question faster if only my firefox didn't show me error, that my pages of the application redirects in recursion. After firefox restart problem dissappeared. So That's the answer:
In your bootstrap use the following code.
class Bootstrap extends Zend_Application_Bootstrap_Bootstrap
{
protected function _initAutoload() {
    require_once '../application/plugins/AuthPlugin.php';
    require_once '../application/configs/configAcl.php';
}

protected function _initControllerPlugins()
{

$frontController = Zend_Controller_Front::getInstance();
$frontController->registerPlugin(new AuthPlugin());

}
}

Hope this helpes for such newbies in Zend Framework as I am.

A: I know it´s a really old question but I´m leaving the answer I found just in case someone stumbles upon this thread.
While the answer you posted works, I found another through application.ini. ZF follows the naming standard:  Plugin_ViewSetup parses to Plugin/ViewSetup.php . For the plugin, ZF automatically looks into the "path to library", which means that it looks within the directory of your library (where your Zend library is). So the plugin should be as follows: library/Plugin/ViewSetup.php ... That´s one scenario. Then all you have to do in application.ini is add the following:
autoloaderNamespaces[] = "Plugin_"
resources.frontController.plugins.ViewSetup = "Plugin_ViewSetup"

Translated to your case would be:
autoloaderNamespaces[] = "Plugins_"
resources.frontController.plugins.AuthPlugin = "Plugins_AuthPlugin"

And your library structure should be:
library/Plugins/AuthPlugin.php

hope this helps to anyone stumbling upon here!

A: Require_once is not usable for my project .. any other way to include plugin


monday musings – what price, history?
Philip Johnson's Alice Ball House (1953) is on the market.
Three beds / three baths / $3M.
Mediocre, yet situated amongst a multitude of other iconic mid-century Modern homes, including Johnson's Glass House.
Should pedigree dictate price tag?
The concept of pop-up retail isn't new. Within the past 10 years, many retailers have played with this idea of getting their product out there in a temporary, or installation-like environment.


Warner Bros. Home Entertainment today announced that Justice League VR: The Complete Experience, a multi-platform, immersive, cinematic, virtual reality experience, will be available for at-home purchase on December 5. Based on the Warner Bros. and DC Entertainment film Justice League, Justice League VR: The Complete Experience is a thrilling virtual reality experience that allows you to step into the shoes and feel the powers of the iconic DC Super Heroes: Batman, Wonder Woman, Superman, The Flash, Aquaman, and Cyborg.
Justice League VR: The Complete Experience will be available for at-home purchase beginning on December 5 on all major VR platforms, including PlayStation VR, HTC Vive, and Oculus Rift, for $9.99; and on Android mobile VR platforms, including Samsung Gear VR and Google Daydream, for $4.99.
In addition, the IMAX VR: Justice League Experience was unveiled at IMAX VR Centres on November 17, the opening day of the feature film, and continues to be available. Featuring control devices that give lifelike haptic feedback and D-Box motion systems that provide motion feedback and vibration, this totally immersive and completely interactive adventure will test if you are able to master your Super Hero powers. For more details and locations please visit http://imaxvr.imax.com.


Following the trend of nail buildings, a nail grave site has become an unusual tourist attraction in China recently.
Nail buildings exist because their occupiers have refused to move in order to make way for new construction for whatever reason.
The grave in question belongs to the mother of a farmer in Jiangxi, eastern China, and is situated in the middle of a busy road.
It was created because developers were unable to reach an agreement over compensation with the farmer.
At present, a multi-lane road had been built around the grave site, which is situated at a T junction.
Even the zebra crossing on the road had to be painted around it.
According to China Daily, several different companies, including the local government, were in charge of the 13 million Yuan (£1.3 million) project.
Zhang Rongsheng, whose mother was buried in the grave 55 years ago, asked for a relocation fee of 600,000 Yuan (£60,000).
His father and another relative was also said to be buried close by.
Due to a disagreement over compensation, the grave was never relocated so developers simply built around it.
Construction of the 1,194 feet road that now surrounded the grave began in December 2013 and was completed in February of this year.
The unusual sight has since become something of a local attraction.
However, local residents have ridiculed the nail grave.
One was quoted saying: 'Everyone is angry about the grave.
This is not the first time that a grave has been at the centre of a building project.
People's Daily Online reported that in March of this year, a nail grave was spotted inside the courtyard of a local government department in Hubei, central China.
It was situated right outside of the main building and a tarmac road had been built right to up to the edge of the grave.
This was thanks to another incidence of compensation dispute.
Nail buildings have become an increasingly common phenomenon in recent years.
Developers often try to negotiate relocation with the owners of the building, or this case, the graves, but they are not always successful.
The result is a series of rundown nail buildings locked into a newly constructed area.


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Počet diskusních příspěvků: 110310, strana 484

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text:
4293 Memorial Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98195
4293 Memorial Way Northeast Seattle Washington 98195 US
Education Access, Race and Ethnicity, Social Equity and Social Determinants
Adolescent / Youth
Kim Ambrose
AIMS Center
2815 Eastlake Ave E, Suite 200B, Seattle, WA 98102
uwaims@uw.edu
https://aims.uw.edu/
AIMS (Advancing Integrated Mental Health Solutions) Center faculty and staff at the University of...
The Barer Institute was established in 2010 by Stan and Alta Barer to provide specialized legal e...
4101 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98105, United States
The overarching goal of all studies within the Behavioral Medicine Research Group is to improve t...
Canadian Studies Center
canada@uw.edu
https://jsis.washington.edu/canada/
The Canadian Studies Center and Arctic and International Relations initiative in the Henry M. Jac...
Center for Cardiovascular Biology
850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, United States
marthale@uw.edu
http://depts.washington.edu/ccvb/
The Center for Cardiovascular Biology is dedicated to discovering the molecular basis of cardiova...
3903 Brooklyn Ave NE, Seattle, WA, United States
Center for Child Environmental Health Risks Research
4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Suite 100, Seattle, WA 98105
chc@uw.edu
http://deohs.washington.edu/chc
The Center works to understand the mechanisms that define children's susceptibility to pesticides...
Center for Clear Air Research
uwccar@uw.edu
http://depts.washington.edu/uwccar/index.php
The University of Washington Center for Clear Air Research (UW CCAR) is focused on the cardiovasc...
The Center for Communication, Difference, and Equity is committed to research and innovation by, ...
Center for Ecogenetics and Environmental Health
206-685- 5333206-685- 5333
ceeh@uw.edu
http://deohs.washington.edu/ceeh/
The Center for Ecogenetics and Environmental Health (CEEH) is dedicated to contributing to scienc...
Center for Education Data and Research
3876 Bridge Way N, Seattle, WA 98103, United States
CEDR@uw.edu
http://www.cedr.us/index.html
Based at the University of Washington Bothell, the Center for Education Data and Research (CEDR) ...
1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195
CHANGE collaboratively develops and promotes innovative approaches to understanding and managing ...
Thomson Hall, Box 353650, Seattle, WA 98195
1959 NE Pacific Seattle, WA 98195-7660
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Center for the Study of Community and Society
Tioga Library Building 307C, 1907 Jefferson Avenue, Tacoma, WA 98402
jkm87@uw.edu
https://sites.google.com/a/uw.edu/uwt-cscs/home
The Center brings together faculty, staff, students and members of the community to research and ...
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326 East D Street, Tacoma, WA 98421
urbanh2o@uw.edu
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4293 Memorial Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98195 0 mi
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The only resource of its kind in Washington State, the IPNW frees innocent prisoners using DNA an...
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NWCPHP provides training, research, evaluation, and communications services to support public hea...
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The Healthy Brain Research Network (HBRN) is a thematic network within the CDC Prevention Researc...
4109 E West Stevens Way Northeast (Communications Building #202), Seattle, WA 98105, United States 0.3 mi
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I run the TransYouth Project, the first large-scale, national, longitudinal study of transgender ...
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Bringing faculty, staff, and students together with community to address the most challenging urb...


text:
<?php
namespace PayPal\PayPalAPI;
use PayPal\EBLBaseComponents\AbstractRequestType;
/**
 * Email address of buyer to be verified. Required Maximum
 * string length: 255 single-byte characters Input mask: ?@?.??
 *
 */
class AddressVerifyRequestType  extends AbstractRequestType
  {

	/**
	 * Email address of buyer to be verified. Required Maximum
	 * string length: 255 single-byte characters Input mask: ?@?.??
	 * @access public

	 * @namespace ns

	 * @var PayPal\EBLBaseComponents\string
	 */
	public $Email;

	/**
	 * First line of buyer's billing or shipping street address
	 * to be verified. Required For verification, input value of
	 * street address must match the first three single-byte
	 * characters of the street address on file for the PayPal
	 * account. Maximum string length: 35 single-byte characters
	 * Alphanumeric plus - , . ' # \ Whitespace and case of input
	 * value are ignored.
	 * @access public

	 * @namespace ns

	 * @var string
	 */
	public $Street;

	/**
	 * Postal code to be verified. Required For verification, input
	 * value of postal code must match the first five single-byte
	 * characters of the postal code on file for the PayPal
	 * account. Maximum string length: 16 single-byte characters
	 * Whitespace and case of input value are ignored.
	 * @access public

	 * @namespace ns

	 * @var string
	 */
	public $Zip;

	/**
	 * Constructor with arguments
	 */
	public function __construct($Email = NULL, $Street = NULL, $Zip = NULL) {
		$this->Email = $Email;
		$this->Street = $Street;
		$this->Zip = $Zip;
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


If this ed tech-er blogged more regularly you would already know her name because she is THE AWESOME-EST! Follow her blog so you can catch posts when the come.
If we really could get one for every classroom I wonder if it would help all the books claimed lost "I put it on the back table." Or at least help with the spills all over the hallway.
OK, it's just weird. Ron Weasley can auto-tune sing.
Dear Nutella, Please don't be so tasty.
Now if someone could just help me figure out a way to ... sort of lock them down? So I don't have to put them out/pick them up every single day? Then I'd think that person was the coolest.
Here's a TBT post. I didn't make up this idea but I don't remember where I saw it. We did it last year.
... Messy, quick, out of focus and not very well framed shots. But this is one of our most favorite of all time Mo Willems' books. And actually maybe Ms. O's favorite.
1) Cut out lots of strips of colored brown paper. Fan about 9 or 10 in a pinwheel and tape/glue together.
2) Trace the pigeon pattern on a piece of gray paper folded in half. Google Pigeon finger puppet, increase that 150%, and use that outline.
3) Color the SIDES of the bowl brown. NOT the inside or bottom (at least we found the tape didn't stick as well when there was crayon on those parts ... but we were using inexpensive, terrible for the environment styrofoam).
4) Have kids cut out the pigeon. Remind them to NOT cut along the fold on the head.
5) Draw or paste on eyes and beak. Add any special things you like (you can't see in the pic ... but there are several birds wearing GO SPURS GO jerseys!). Fold the bottom edges out of the bird just a bit in order to make a flat surface to attach to the nest.
6) Attach the nest to the the inside of bowl. Add any more strips you like. Sort of fold/crumple the edges of the paper pinwheel around the bowl.
7) Attach the bird to the bottom of the bowl.
8 Attach the headband. We used bits of stretchy elastic. Make sure you have enough! And if you have a little guy sporting a faux hawk ... well, he'll have to wait to wear his.
And nope. You don't get a pic of me wearing a bird on my head because DARN, we had to scavenge the last bit of elastic.
Who doesn't remember to take any pictures. I do like our newly genrified shelves. The kids that have noticed (we closed for checkout as of Friday ... have had kids browsing or working on finishing up projects but no checkout) seem to like them, too. The real "test" will be next year.
But the last several days have been taken up with tech inventory (:X) and making what preparations I can for our "renovation." The construction guys came this morning and did a bunch of measuring and asking me some questions. But then they left when I went down to another hallway to check on a laptop cart. I told them I'd be back in less than 10 minutes but they still left.
So I still have 1)NO idea when they are starting all of this building of walls and moving of circ desk and installation of a "presentation station." 2)NO idea what I'm supposed to do to get ready. 3)NO materials to get ready (boxes, packing tape, etc). 4)NO idea when they will be done. And 5)NO idea of how much shelving we will have. If we just push our current shelves up against the wall? We're losing 55% of our shelves. I'm getting really tired of weeding.
So anyway. We have the kids through Thursday of next week. Then a couple days of doing what I can to get ready. Only one with my assistant. I know, I'm lucky to even have one. Then two days of half-day "flipped classroom" academy. I know how to do it. Just need someone to MAKE me do it. ;) Then two days of tech camp where I'm teaching Google Your LMC and a photo-editing class. Then a day with Kylene Beers. How sad but all I can remember is "it's something to do with literacy. The presentation looked good." Then a plane for COLORADO!
Oh, and if you are at all able PLEASE BACK LEVAR BURTON'S KICKSTARTER TO BRING BACK READING RAINBOW!
Made it! Some dumb stuff still waiting for me when we go back to school on Tuesday but oh well. Too many people making too much noise in the library to stay late and get it done. Anyway. Click through for any embedded content. And Happy Memorial Day!
I would like this pin EVEN MORE if it had Sherlock on it. A girl can dream, right?
I hate this. And love it. All at the same time.
Angie O's pin on Pinterest.
Math brain. I don't have one so I have to work on this as well.
I never showed when my mom finished it, did I?
Pretty awesome. :) Oh, and one of my oldest friends sent me this for my birthday.
Gary Paulsen. How Angel Peterson Got His Name is hilarious (pushes elementary boundaries just a bit but I still have a copy). And then of course Hatchet and all his others.
Ellen Potter's Spilling Ink. Your young writers need this one. Her other books are also fun but that is my favorite.
Hanoch Piven's My Dog Is as Smelly as Dirty Socks and My Best Friend Is as Sharp as a Pencil. If you don't have them already your figurative language lessons NEED them. The app is kind of fun as an additional activity but it's not free and it's not a Must Buy app. Fun if you have the $. Not a Must. Books YES. App ... no.
Sara Pennypacker's Clementine character. Too cute. And her additions to the Flat Stanley.
Laughed so hard we cried.
Anne Perry. NOT a kids author but one of my favorite grown up historical mystery writing authors. Imagine my surprise when years into my fandom I learned of her ... past. Anyway. Don't understand but still love her books.
And Elizabeth Peters (otherwise known as Barbara Michaels and Barbara Mertz). She died last year. Sad. How did I miss that until looking for her webpage link for this post? Apparently she'd fought cancer pretty quietly for quite some time. Anyway. Sad for her family and for all of us who loved her character Amelia Peabody!
Wow. Douglas Preston. Most of my favorite grown-up authors have "P" last names.
And Piggie (and Elephant) PAR-TAY.
Now I'm sad I did not hold a Piggie and Elephant Dance party this year.
So the last couple weeks are not going down in the epistles of history as great reading weeks for me. More of ... come home so wiped out I sit down on the couch and fall asleep. IS THAT MY AGE SHOWING? No. It's my lack of fitness commitment showing. You get more reading in when you are also exercising so you're not a slow-moving blob. #SummerGoalNumberOne Get back to the gym.
#SummerGoalNumberTwo? Of course. #BOOKADAY Next week's post will be a lot of "there are all the books I already know I want to read but of course for every book I finish I will add five more to the TBR list." Also "Wait! I forgot about this book!" I am almost as excited to finish that post as anything. Fun to concentrate on titles and making plans. Actually will still have school for a few more days and then all the post PD days. But who cares we're calling summer and #bookaday so close!
This week? Just these two.
My age gets one year older today. OFFICIALLY and not just like every other day. It's a ... scary birthday with a 0 on the end. I took a mental health day so I'm off to celebrate. Or hide. Really I have no idea what I will do but it seemed like the thing to do.
I would like to be able to say this week flew by. But I cannot.
Today I didn't mean to be rude but I might have been. Oh my word so much mess and noise all day ... it hurts. And then I feel like a jerk because I'm so anti-social I can't stand having a three plus hour long luncheon in the library space. It attracts roaches and makes the carpet smell funny. And kids can't get books! I don't like it. How rude can I be? It was a luncheon for volunteers.
I come home and at least there is this.
And the cute little one that said "When are you going to read us a story again? You read stories good." I haven't because of so many research classes (some that went well, some that did not). Another I am a jerk moment because honestly? I sort of prefer research classes to "storytimes." As you well know it is exhausting to be that ON. And research is just more ... fun for me. Seeing the bent heads over books or laptops. Seeing them make connections. And seeing them want you to hand them ever answer but anyway. For that little bit when a MS position was open I really wanted to apply. But they closed it before I got everything together (FOUR DAYS? Seriously.) So I will hang on to that cutie and her comment.
Tomorrow I will be at the TX Google Summit. Long drive so I guess I'd better prepare some tunes. Or download some audiobooks. Have a great weekend! I am staring ... wait for it ... 40. I am staring down 40. On Monday. So I'm taking the day off to hide under the covers. I will feel better about my denial on Tuesday.
Note to self. Remember this more. Live this better.
So true. I wish they'd give teachers more time with their iPads and with Google. With some more support and know how they'd do awesome things.
For this one I will redirect you to the presentation Google Your LMC.
I added a "basics" page because ... well, I always thought we had too much stuff on there for anyone who wasn't already pretty familiar with Google. If you were just starting out the whole thing seemed quite overwhelming.
Is there something specific about Google you'd like more info on?
My love of silly clip art and 8X10 signs with terrible reading related puns on them is well known if you've been a reader of this blog for very long. If you're new? Check out the "Printable Stuff." Lots of freebies (and yes, some on TPT because of said addiction to clip art).
Follow Angie O's board Library Display Stuff on Pinterest.
but there are SO MANY. The easiest one ever that made the most visual impact? All the red covered books. For, you guessed it, Red Ribbon Week.
Of course I cannot find any pictures.
Hmmm. I'm not even sure what this means. Trends in school libraries? So while I think here are two funny pins.
OK. Sort of thought this through.
MOBILITY. That is a work in progress as our guest wifi is absolute rubbish so teaching kids to access some things on the devices they own ... well. We do what we can but it needs to get better. The regular school device wifi isn't great out in the classrooms (luckily it's OK inside the library or we'd really be hurting) so some of the activities and skills don't get the regular practice they need.
BALANCE. Do I think we're headed completely digital? Anytime soon? No. I truly believe our kindergartners will still be using print books (in addition to electronic!) for some years to come. So ... I get frustrated by anyone promoting one over or in place of the other. "We have ebooks, you don't need all those print books." Well, if they kids can't access the ebooks (wired connections are only slightly better than the wireless) what good does an ebook do them? "We don't need to deal with all this in elementary. They'll learn it in middle school." NO WAY! That's not the direction we need to go, either. Our city made the news with trying the book-less library idea ... again after other cities gave it up and added books back. It's kind of ... well. I don't want to hope it fails. But I can't help but expect it. At least a little.
MAKING and a space for it. I totally want to implement this but since I've struggled with centers for years I'm not sure where the direction is headed on our campus. With very little storage space and no control whatsoever over who might wander through (currently no walls and even if that changes this summer no doors ... though even you all with doors deal with other people having keys!) it's hard to keep things organized and out when it needs to be out and put away when it needs to be put away and honestly, from walking away. So this is something I continue to work on and try to figure out.
Click through to see the embedded content if you're on Feedly or Bloglovin'! I'll be back tomorrow with a TL Blog Challenge post. On ... Trends. Totally had to stretch for that one.
Having spent the lunch hour the past week putting out fires with a research project where the class did not come in for any lesson before starting. The kids just started appearing and ... well. I do not know why the teacher did not arrange anything. Our of all the teachers on that grade level this was the one I would have thought WOULD have. But I digress. :/ Point is? SEARCH STRATEGIES. Kids need 'em. They don't just come naturally.
I wish there didn't have to be foundations like this. I read posts by this Dad on the FB page ... he's turned his grief at missing his little girl into a wonderful opportunity to serve. They deliver jars of little presents to kiddos in the hospital.
Kid poetry! Isn't it well done? No. Not my school.
So ... confession here. I love to start professional reads. But I don't always finish them entirely. They take thought and reading and rereading and notetaking and ... well.
Here are some that I have read at least half of and if I ever finished or reread I'd probably be AWESOME. As it stands I'm very much still working on it.
A Place for Wonder (this one I did finish!) is really a great one for fostering questioning and wondering and HOW TO FIGURE OUT ANSWERS in the younger grades. I just found this book study blog from last summer. I love that these teachers did this together! The video shows some pretty amazing student work.
Writing to Explore (which I also finished!) was super cool. I've never been able to so fully integrate a research project but how awesome would it be if I did. Time. It's always about TIME. I know they managed to make it. One day I (and a teacher and his or her class) will.
Real Revision is a MUST for any writing teacher (just like Spilling Ink!). I have used it mostly as a way to talk about authors (and some of the techniques they mention).
I liked the idea of Making Thinking Visible but didn't get to finish it because I checked out an ecopy from the library and this is one that needed more time and space for post it notes and such. have NOT mastered notetaking on my Kindle yet. :P I know I first heard about it on a blog I was reading and loved the activities they talked about. But I can't remember which blog it was.
In Pictures and in Words I own but haven't finished yet. Which makes no sense at all because I love the idea. Teach kids to pay attention to details and setting and such in illustrations ... and eventually that will transfer over to writing.
One of my favorite things to get in the mail. Is that weird? A girl can dream, right? All over the world in STYLE.
Or maybe with a bunch of stuffy uber-rich people.
Hmmm. It's been MONTHS since I continued this series. Now what on earth could go with the letter O? It's sort of funny to me that's where I got stuck.
Kenneth Oppel. I've actually only ever read his YA stuff. I had a copy of Airborne on my shelves for several years before I ever read it. It was so good! I want to read the next two. Beauty of discovering a series after it's already written. Might convince me there's something to this steampunk thing that's by now old stuff. #behindthetimes #butyoustillwonteverseemeincostume And the Victor Frankenstein ones are pretty good as well.
Lauren Oliver. Have you read the Delirium series? It's better than the idea sounds. The idea ... "a world where love is not allowed" is sort of old hat. But she wrote it beautifully. Liesl and Po and The Spindlers are also fun.
Olivier Dunrea's Ollie books. Not quite at the Duck and Goose level but still very fun. Oh, and Old Bear.
Operating Systems. So after the breakin I replaced my old Dell with a Mac ... and have never looked back! Now that I have more space I've started thinking a desktop would be nice. But anyway. Still running Snow Leopard. For some silly reason I am nervous to upgrade to Maverick. But ... after what I WILL ADMIT was quite a learning curve for me ... Mac. Mac. Mac. I get so frustrated at school by Windows.
They aren't really library related but they are adorable, are they not? And they are both Os.
And wow. Look. This post draft is so old it has the former signature on here.
So this used to be a free ecard. It is now subscription only (though you can see it on the webpage ... you just can't send a personalized one unless you pay). The former Spanish teacher in me loves it. It is NOT MEXICAN INDEPENDENCE DAY. That is in September, people!
Now. BOOKS I've read! Not as many as I'd like.
I love that it captures "moments" and does not worry so much about the 5-7-5 thing. That always drove me nuts.
Also the Panda is awesome.
I liked the seasonal structure but actually thought throwing in the alphabet thing was not necessary.
Anyway. Will definitely put this at the top of the poetry books to buy list. I'm curious ... I've been weeding in that area. I've always purchased poetry when I found good ones so we'll see if the kids or staff notice. Made the first pass but will be going back through.
Hmm. Enjoying it but I wonder if kids (who aren't as familiar with the story of the Three Musketeers?) would.
Book one hasn't flown off the shelves at school. Must talk it up more and we'll see.
This made more sense when I realized I'd missed book two in the middle ... and went back to finish it first.
Loads of sword fights! Who doesn't love a great sword fight? And scenes (this isn't giving too much away ... you don't know when or why) in underground Paris! I have always had a sort of fascination with exploring old underground tunnels. I don't want to do it but I like reading or watching when other people do!
This is not The Three Musketeers by a long shot. The pacing ... all this build up and then whoosh! It's over. Do kids have the patience to deal with all of the French words? They haven't grabbed up book one at schooll We'll see if they "find" it better next year when we've genrified.
So this one is ... OK. Not terrible but not great. Pretty hard to live up to Sherlock Holmes.
Setting descriptions were fun. And there was a lot of action.
But a lot if "if we'd only known" type references that kids just won't get. They don't necessarily know who these characters are.
And I am in the middle of the #2 Mister Max. Enjoying it immensely.
Not enjoying immensely, however, A Snicker of Magic. What am I missing? Should I go back and start over? That's the thing with audio. You miss several days (or weeks) and you've lost the whole ... groove.
We just got the 4th Brixton Brothers at school. I stole it to read first. How rude is that of me. I should let a student or two check it out until summer and then steal it.
I have so many ARCs waiting for me. After my move the public library is a bazillion times less convenient so at least there are ARCs!
So head's up this won't be super library related. Friday posts aren't always, anyway. Though you maybe could use something here for SW Reads Day in October. For now? MAY THE FOURTH be with you! Click through out of Feedly or Bloglovin' to see the embedded stuff.
Not a new pin. It's been around a while. But still funny librarian funny!
I need to track down the original source for this. The pin just goes to the image.
Makerspace table, you are calling me! Though I full on admit the amount of prep and potential for mess (and time?) does ... perplex.
Jamberry reps, please make this happen. I know they'd be more expensive because of licensing but I DON'T CARE. I'd purchase them anyway.
So this must be used in a digital citizenship lesson. Someone, please. I can't because my current students are too young to legally have FB accounts (yes, I know some do anyway). But it's AWESOME. And so obvious when someone else points it out.
Of course I already have this.
I know, I know. I question the "kosher-ness" of the clip art (by any artist because there are several different sets out there). Lucasfilm (or now Disney, I guess, no?) PLEASE MAKE ONE OFFICIAL so I can just love these and not worry about breaking licenses.
Elementary. I didn't like it at first because hello. NO BENEDICT. And BC is still numero uno but Elementary is better than expected. But earlier also the new Lindsey Sterling and Jenny Oaks Baker albums. Violins rocking out. Kind of fun. And the Aladdin soundtrack is only a $5 download on Amazon this month. I had the tape. That seems funny now. Cassette tapes.
Trips! Seeing family! Much less pressure! Externally or self-imposed.
Mrs. Yingling. Did you know you were the first person to comment on my blog? It sort of was like "who is this?" at first. Less freak now, more "Yay! Someone is paying attention" to blog comments. Anyway. She is established so you probably already know her spot on the internet. She writes much more helpful reviews than I do.
STAR WARS DAY is coming up! If I wasn't going to sign off and go to bed (Jonny Lee, the rest of the episode will have to wait but hey, that's what DVRs are for) I'd go look at all the things I want to get. You'll see a couple of them tomorrow on Finally Friday but then we'll be back to school library business. Enjoy your first May Friday and weekend. Thank you for stopping by!


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Craniosynostosis is common and occurs in one out of 2,200 live births.
The condition affects males slightly more often than females.
Craniosynostosis is most often sporadic (occurs by chance) but can be inherited in some families.
In fetuses and newborns, the skull consists of several plates of bone that are separated by flexible, fibrous joints called sutures. As infants grow and develop, the sutures close, forming a solid piece of bone.
Craniosynostosis is a condition in which the sutures close too early, causing problems with normal brain and skull growth. Premature closure of the sutures may also cause pressure inside the head to increase and the skull or facial bones to change from a normal, symmetrical appearance.
Craniosynostosis is a feature of many different genetic syndromes that have a variety of inheritance patterns and chances for recurrence, depending on the specific syndrome present.
It is important for the child with craniosynostosis and his/her family members to be examined carefully for signs of an inherited genetic disorder, such as limb defects, ear abnormalities or heart defects.
The symptoms of craniosynostosis may resemble other conditions or medical problems, so always work with your child's physician to clarify a diagnosis.
Anterior brachycephaly involves fusion of either the right or left side of the coronal suture that runs across the top of the baby's head from ear to ear.
This is called coronal synostosis, and it causes the normal forehead and brow to stop growing. The result is a flattening of the forehead and the brow on the affected side, with the forehead tending to be excessively prominent on the opposite side. The eye on the affected side may also have a different shape, and there may be flattening of the back of the head (occipital). When the suture fusion is all the way across the back of the child's skull, the result is posterior plagiocephaly.
Trigonocephaly is a fusion of the metopic (forehead) suture. This suture runs from the top of the head down the middle of the forehead, toward the nose.
Early closure of this suture may result in a prominent ridge running down the forehead. Sometimes, the forehead looks quite pointed, like a triangle, with closely placed eyes (hypotelorism).
Scaphocephaly is an early closure or fusion of the sagittal suture. This suture runs front to back, down the middle of the top of the head. This fusion causes a long, narrow skull. The skull is long from front to back and narrow from ear to ear.
Craniosynostosis may be congenital (present at birth) or observed later, often during a physical examination in the first year of life.
The diagnosis involves thorough physical examination and diagnostic testing. Your child's doctor will start with a complete prenatal and birth history, asking about any family history of craniosynostosis or other head or face abnormalities.
The doctor may also ask about developmental milestones, since craniosynostosis can be associated with other neuromuscular disorders. Developmental delays may require further medical follow-up for underlying problems.
During the examination, the doctor will measure the circumference of your child's head to identify normal and abnormal ranges. Craniosynostosis can be diagnosed by physical exam. If needed, your neurosurgeon may recommend imaging tests.
When Fitz was born, it was obvious that his skull was misshapen. By 5 weeks old, Fitz had been diagnosed with craniosynostosis. His skull had fused early and was constricting his brain growth.
Surgery is typically the recommended treatment, since it can reduce pressure in the head and correct the deformities of the face and skull bones.
Early diagnosis and consultation with a specialist are important. In general, the best time to operate is before the child is 1 year old, since the bones are still very soft and easy to work with. If your child's condition is severe, the doctor may recommend surgery as early as 1 month of age.
Before surgery, your child's physician will explain the operation and may review before-and-after photographs of children who have had a similar type of surgery.
In this procedure, the surgeon makes an incision in the infant's scalp and corrects the shape of the head by moving the area of the skull that is abnormally or prematurely fused, and then reshapes the skull so it can take more of a round contour. Surgery can last up to six hours. Your baby will likely spend one night in the intensive care unit, plus an additional few days in the hospital for monitoring.
Even if your child's deformity is seen early on, this surgery is best suited for babies 5-6 months of age or older to ensure the bone is thick enough to perform the needed reshaping. This surgery may commonly involve a blood transfusion.
After surgery, there may be temporary facial swelling. Unlike other surgical options, there are no additional steps post-surgery unless a recurrence of craniosynostosis is found. You can expect to follow up with your surgery team one month post-surgery to check on the surgery incision site, and again at six and 12 months after the procedure to ensure healing is progressing.
Some hospitals may offer the option of this minimally invasive surgery, which may be performed when the baby is 2–3 months old, depending on the type and degree of craniosynostosis.
The procedure involves the use of an endoscope, a small tube that the surgeon can look through and see immediately inside and outside the skull through very small incisions in the scalp. The surgeon opens the prematurely fused suture to enable the baby's brain to grow normally.
The surgery itself takes approximately one hour and involves less blood loss compared with cranial vault remodeling, so there is less chance of requiring a blood transfusion. Your baby will stay in the hospital overnight for monitoring before being released to go home.
This type of surgery is followed by the use of a molding helmet to reshape the skull. Additional appointments with the helmet provider (orthotist) will be necessary for fitting the helmet to your child. You can expect to follow up with your surgery team every three months for the first year post-surgery to check progress of the skull reshaping.
Following craniosynostosis surgery, your child will likely have a turbanlike dressing around his or her head, and may experience swelling in the face and eyelids. Your child will spend the period after surgery in an intensive care unit for close monitoring.
These complications require prompt evaluation by your child's surgeon.
The recovery process is different for each child. Your child's health care team will work with your family, giving you instructions on how to care for your child at home and outlining specific problems that require immediate medical attention.
Craniosynostosis can affect a child's brain and development. The degree of the problems depends on the severity of the craniosynostosis, the number of sutures that are fused, and the presence of brain or other organ system problems that could affect the child.
The physician may recommend genetic counseling to evaluate the child's parents for any disorders that may run in families.
A child with craniosynostosis requires frequent medical evaluations to ensure that the skull, facial bones, jaw alignment and brain are developing normally. The medical team will provide education and guidance to help you make the most of your child's health and well-being.


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270 U.S. 378 - Risty v. Chicago R I & P Ry Co
270 US 378 Risty v. Chicago R I & P Ry Co
RISTY et al.
CHICAGO, R. I. & P. RY. CO. SAME v. CHICAGO, M. & ST. P. RY. CO. SAME v. CHICAGO, ST. P., M. & O. RY. CO. SAME v. NORTHERN STATES POWER CO. SAME v. CITY OF SIOUX FALLS. SAME v. GREAT NORTHERN RY. CO.
No. 100.
Argued and Submitted Jan. 7, 8, 1926.
Decided March 1, 1926.
Messrs. Benjamin I. Salinger, of Carroll, Iowa, and N. B. Bartlett and E. O. Jones, both of Sioux Falls, S. D., for appellants.
Mr. C. O. Bailey, of Sioux Falls, S. D., for appellees Chicago, St. P., M. & O. Ry. Co. and City of Sioux Falls.
Messrs. E. S. Stringer, of St. Paul, Minn., W. F. Dickinson, of Chicago, Ill., and Thomas D. O'Brien and Alexander E. Horn, both of St. Paul, Minn., for appellee Chicago, R. I. & P. Ry. Co.
Messrs. R. M. Campbell and John H. Roemer, both of Chicago, Ill., and Harold E. Judge, of Sioux Falls, S. D., for appellee Northern States Power Co.
Messrs. E. L. Grantham, of Aberdeen, S. D., and C. O. Bailey, of Sioux Falls, S. D., for appellee Chicago, M. & St. P. Ry. Co.
Messrs. Harold E. Judge, of Sioux Falls, S. D., and F. G. Dorety, of St. Paul, Minn., for appellee Great Northern Ry. Co.
Mr. Justice STONE delivered the opinion of the Court.
Separate suits were brought by the several appellees, in the United States District Court for South Dakota, to enjoin the county commissioners, the auditor, and the treasurer of Minnehaha county, South Dakota, from making any apportionment of benefits or assessments of costs affecting the property of the several appellees, for the construction or repair of a drainage system in the area within the county embraced in a project known as 'drainage ditch No. 1 and 2.'
In all of the suits, except No. 99, there was diversity of citizenship. In each it was alleged that an amount in excess of the jurisdictional requirement was in controversy, and in each it was alleged that proceedings purporting to be had under the South Dakota drainage statutes, with respect to the lands of the appellees, were unauthorized and void, and that those statutes and proceedings denied to appellees due process of law and the equal protection of the laws, in contravention of the Constitution of the United States. The suits were tried together and a decree was given for the plaintiffs by the District Court. Chicago, R. I. & P. R. Co. v. Risty, 282 F. 364. The Circuit Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, on appeal, affirmed the decree (Risty v. Chicago, R. I. & P. R. Co., 297 F. 710), and the cases are brought here on appeal (Judicial Code, §§ 128, 241 (Comp. St. §§ 1120, 1218), before Act of February 13, 1925; Greene v. Louisville & Interurban R. R. Co., 37 S. Ct. 673, 244 U. S. 499, 508, 61 L. Ed. 1280, Ann. Cas. 1917E, 88). Petition for certiorari was denied, 45 S. Ct. 122, 266 U. S. 622, 69 L. Ed. 473.
The two courts below agree as to all material facts. We accordingly consider them here only so far as is needful to pass on questions of law. United States v. State Investment Co., 44 S. Ct. 289, 264 U. S. 206, 211, 68 L. Ed. 639.
In 1907 the board of county commissioners of Minnehaha county, acting under the Constitution and laws of the state, established 'drainage ditch No. 1,' extending from a point north of the city of Sioux Falls, thence south, and then to the east of Sioux Falls, 3 miles in all, to the Big Sioux River, into which it emptied. From the main ditch, a spur ditch was extended northwest to a point near the Big Sioux River, which from that point passes to the southwest and thence flows east, forming a loop about the principal part of the city of Sioux Falls, and finally flows through the city on its easterly side in a northeasterly direction.
In 1910 the board of county commissioners established drainage ditch No. 2, extending northerly from the north terminus of ditch No. 1 for a distance of 12 miles. The two ditches thus formed one continuous ditch, draining agricultural lands lying to the north of the city. Both ditches, and the assessment districts in connection with them, are conceded to have been lawfully established.
In 1916 the river broke through its banks into the area drained by the spur ditch, and uniting with the flood water flowing from the river through ditch No. 2, flooded the main ditch, No. 1, washed out and destroyed a spillway on ditch No. 1, and in its uncontrolled flow to the river caused extensive damage. There was danger that the river by its flow through the ditch would be diverted from its natural course, cutting off the city's water supply and causing other damage to the city and to individuals.
In August, 1916, a proceeding was instituted by petition to the board of county commissioners, purporting to be pursuant to statute, 'to reconstruct and improve drainage ditches Nos. 1 and 2 * * * and to pay therefor by an assessment upon the property, persons and corporations benefitted.' This proceeding resulted in resolutions of the commissioners purporting to establish 'drainage district No. 1 and 2' and providing for the construction of the proposed ditch. The location fixed for it however, was identical with that of the old ditches No. 1 and No. 2. The county commissioners then caused the previously established ditch No. 1 and ditch No. 2 to be diked, cleaned out, and widened and deepened at certain points; the river to be straightened, and the spillway to be reconstructed so as to continue and safeguard the flow of water through ditch No. 1 and ditch No. 2. The cost was approximately $255,000.
Proceedings were then had by the county commissioners for the assessment of benefits to defray the expenses thus incurred. The assessments of benefits were extended to areas not embraced in the assessment districts of ditch No. 1 and ditch No. 2, as previously established, and resulted in the assessment of benefits now complained of, made against all the appellees, some of whom did and some of whom did not own land within the area originally assessed for the establishment of ditch No. 1 and ditch No. 2. When the present suits were commenced, notice had been given to the appellees of a tentative assessment of benefits to their land, and of a proceeding to be had to equalize benefits before final assessments for the cost of construction.
Both courts below found that the drainage ditch No. 1 and 2 was not a new project, but was in fact identical with the previously established ditches No. 1 and No. 2; that no new or additional drainage was established, and that the only purpose of the proceedings was to provide for the maintenance and repair of the previously established ditches by assessing the cost on tracts not included within the area originally assessed for their construction. For these reasons, among others, both courts held that the proceedings had by the board of county commissioners to apportion and assess benefits on land outside the original drainage districts were unauthorized and void under the statutes of South Dakota. In this we think they were right.
Section 8458 of the South Dakota Revised Code of 1919 provides that the board of county commissioners 'may establish and cause to be constructed any ditch or drain; may provide for the straightening or enlargement of any water course or drain previously constructed, and may provide for the maintenance of such ditch, drain or water course. * * *'
Section 8476 provides that the powers conferred for establishing and constructing drains 'shall also extend to the include the deepening and widening of any drains which have heretofore been or may hereafter be constructed,' and that no proceedings shall be had under this section 'except upon notice and the other procedure prescribed herein for the construction of drains.'
The procedure prescribed by the South Dakota statutes embraces two distinct schemes or methods for carrying into effect the authority of the board of county commissioners. The one relates exclusively to the establishment and construction of proposed drainage; the other to assessments for further costs and maintenance of drainage already established. With reference to the establishment of proposed drainage, it is provided that the board shall act only on petition of a landowner affected by the 'proposed drainage' (section 8459) and upon the filing of the petition the board shall cause the 'proposed route' of the drainage to be inspected and, if necessary, surveyed (section 8460). It is required to hold a hearing on notice describing the proposed drainage (section 8461), and after hearing the drainage 'may be established' in accordance with the petition or the findings of the board (section 8462). After the establishment of the drainage, the board is required to determine 'the proportion of benefits of the proposed drainage,' and to fix a time and place for equalization of benefits, on notice describing the land affected by the 'proposed drainage,' and to state the proportion of benefits fixed for each tract, benefits being considered 'such as accrue directly by the construction of such drainage or indirectly by virtue of such drainage being an outlet for connection drains that may be subsequently constructed.' Section 8463. Following equalization of benefits as prescribed, the board is authorized to make an assessment against each tract, 'in proportion to the benefits as equalized,' for the purpose of paying damages and the cost of establishment, which are stated to include all the expenses 'incurred or to be incurred that in any way contributed or will contribute to the establishment or construction of the drainage. All assessments are made perpetual liens upon the tracts assessed. Section 8464.
The only provisions contained in the statutes for equalization of benefits are those found in the sections referred to, which have to do with the establishment of proposed drainage. By section 8477 all drains, when constructed, are in charge of the board of county commissioners, who are made responsible for keeping them open and in repair. The statutory provisions which deal with assessments for further costs of construction and for maintenance are found in sections 8467 and 8470, the material portions of which are printed in the margin.1 It will be observed that there is no provision for the assessment or equalization of benefits in connection with the procedure provided in those sections for assessing for further costs of construction and maintenance. No such provision is required; for by the express terms of section 8467 the procedure for making assessments for the additional cost of construction is like that provided for the first assessment for construction (section 8464) after the equalization of benefits has been had under section 8463; and by section 8470 assessments for maintenance are to he made 'upon the landowners affected in the proportions determined for such drainage.' Both sections clearly contemplate that assessments for additional construction and for maintenance are to be made upon those lands which are already embraced within the drainage project, and on which the proportion of benefits has been determined by equalization proceedings had after the establishment of the original project.
The statutes of South Dakota contain no provision for assessing the cost of reconstruction or maintenance of an existing drainage project except in the two sections last referred to, and they make no provision for assessing such costs upon lands not embraced within or assessed in connection with the drainage as originally established. Whether the cost of construction work actually done on ditch No. 1 and ditch No. 2 and involved in this litigation be regarded as additional costs of construction or as cost of maintenance, or partly one and partly the other, there is no statutory authority for assessing that cost on lands not included in the original drainage district.
By section 8489 it is provided that:
'If any proceeding for the location, establishment or construction of any drain * * * has been * * * voluntarily abandoned * * * for any cause, the board of county commissioners may nevertheless * * * locate a drain * * * under the same of different names and in the same or different locations from those described in the * * * abandoned proceeding under the provisions of this article.'
But the original proceedings for the establishment and construction of ditch No. 1 and ditch No. 2 were not abandoned, and the proceedings had for levying the assessments now in question were not framed or conducted on that theory. They were consequently without authority in law and could not affect the rights of appellees.
While there are expressions in the opinion in Gilseth v. Risty, 193 N. W. 132, 46 S. D. 374, decided after these suits were begun, which, standing by themselves, might be regarded as supporting the view that the proceedings now in question were authorized by the statutes of South Dakota, the court clearly rested its decision upon other grounds. It is the duty of the federal courts, in suits brought in or removed to the district courts, to decide for themselves all relevant questions of state law, and while they will follow the decisions of state courts as to the interpretation of a state statute, we do not think that the case of Gilseth v. Risty, supra, so clearly or decisively passed upon the question here involved as to control our decision. Kuhn v. Fairmont Coal Co., 30 S. Ct. 140, 215 U. S. 349, 54 L. Ed. 228; Barber v. Pittsburgh, etc., Railway, 17 S. Ct. 488, 166 U. S. 83, 99, 41 L. Ed. 925. And see Edward Hines Yellow Pine Trustees v. Martin, 45 S. Ct. 543, 268 U. S. 458, 69 L. Ed. 1050.
As our decision in these cases turns on the construction and application of the state law, we do not pass upon the constitutional questions raised. See Bohler v. Callaway, 45 S. Ct. 431, 267 U. S. 479, 489, 69 L. Ed. 745; Chicago G. W. Ry. v. Rendall, 45 S. Ct. 55, 266 U. S. 94, 97-98, 69 L. Ed. 183. They are, however, questions of substance and sufficient to give the court jurisdiction to pass on the whole case. Greene v. Louisville & Interurban R. R. Co., supra; Chicago G. W. Ry. v. Kendall, supra; Bohler v. Callaway, supra.
The objections to the exercise of equity jurisdiction in these cases require no extended comment. When the appellees filed their bills, the drainage project had been completed and costruction warrants had been issued for the work done; benefits apportioned to the lands of the appellee had been tentatively fixed and notice of a hearing for the equalization of benefits had been given. The steps next in order after the hearing would have been the assessment of costs of construction and the filing of copies of the assessment with the county treasurer, which would have established a lien on the property assessed. Section 8464. As the principal ground for appellees' suits was the invalidity of the whole proceeding and not merely inequality in apportionment of benefits, and as the effect of the proposed equalization would have been to bring the lands of appellees into the newly established drainage district and subject them to future assessments for construction costs and for maintendance, the threatened injury was imminent and the suits were not premature. The assessment, if made, would have established a lien on the appellees' property which would be a cloud on title-to say nothing of the fact that the effect of the pending proceeding would have been to subject their property to future assessments; hence the case was one for equitable relief unless there was a plain and adequate remedy at law. Ohio Tax Cases, 34 S. Ct. 372, 232 U. S. 576, 58 L. Ed. 737; Shaffer v. Carter, 40 S. Ct. 221, 252 U. S. 37, 46, 64 L. Ed. 445; Chicago, B. & Q. R. R. v. Osborne, 44 S. Ct. 431, 265 U. S. 14, 68 L. Ed. 878. The remedy by appeal to the state court under section 8469 does not appear to be coextensive with the relief which equity may give. In any event, it is not one which may be availed of at law in the federal courts, and the test of equity jurisdiction in a federal court is the inadequacy of the remedy on the law side of that court and not the inadequacy of the remedies afforded by the state courts. Smyth v. Ames, 18 S. Ct. 418, 169 U. S. 466, 42 L. Ed. 819; Chicago, B. & Q. R. R. Co. v. Osborne, supra.
It does not appear that the state law affords a remedy by payment of the assessment and suit to recover it back, which, if it exists, can be availed of in the federal courts (Singer Sewing Machine Co. v. Benedict, 33 S. Ct. 942, 229 U. S. 481, 486, 57 L. Ed. 1288), or that such remedy, if available, would not entail a multiplicity of suits. It is not suggested that section 6826 of the state Code, which permits suits to recover taxes and forbids injunctions to restrain their collection. has any application to assessments for drainage, In Gilseth v. Risty, supra, the Supreme Court of the state evidently did not deem that section applicable as it did not rely upon it in denying relief. The legal remedy under the state law being uncertain, the federal court has jurisdiction in equity to enjoin the assessment. Dawson v. Kentucky Distilleries Co., 41 S. Ct. 272, 255 U. S. 288, 65 L. Ed. 638.
The objection that it was not shown that these cases involve the jurisdictional amount is unsubstantial. The court below found that the amount due on outstanding construction warrants was approximately $300,000 and that the tentative apportionment of benefits, if undisturbed, would result in assessments for amounts ranging from $6,000 to $50,000 against the lands of the appellees. As the substantial basis of the suits was want of jurisdiction in the board of county commissioners to make the apportionment and assessment, we think the jurisdictional amount was necessarily involved.
Appellees are not estopped to seek the relief which was granted because of any relations which they may have had to the proceedings or to the construction work which had been carried on before notice of the tentative apportionment of benefits. The decrees of the District Court, which remain undisturbed, enjoin the assessments and further proceedings only so far as they affect lands lying outside of the original assessment areas of ditch No. 1 and ditch No. 2. As none of the appellees could have had any notice of the proposal to assess lands lying outside of these areas, until the published notice of the apportionment of benefits, their previous conduct cannot estop them from seeking the relief granted. Other objections were made to the decrees below, but they are not of sufficient gravity to require notice here.
There is no diversity of citizenship in No. 99, the appellee in that case being the city of Sioux Falls, a South Dakota municipal corporation. Nor was any substantial federal question raised by the bill of complaint in that suit. The power of the state and its agencies over municipal corporations within its territory is not restrained by the provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment. Trenton v. New Jersey, 43 S. Ct. 534, 262 U. S. 182, 67 L. Ed. 937, 29 A. L. R. 1471; and see Pawhuska v. Pawhuska Oil Co., 39 S. Ct. 526, 250 U. S. 394, 63 L. Ed. 1054. The decree in that case must therefore be reversed, and the cause remanded with directions to dismiss the plaintiff's bill.
No. 99, reversed and remanded.
Nos. 95, 96, 97, 98, and 100, affirmed.
'Sec. 8467. Assessments for Further Costs. At any time after the damages arising from the establishment and construction of such drainage are paid and the lands for such drainage are taken, assessments may be made for further costs and expenses of construction. If the contractors are required and agree to take assessment certificates or warrants for their services, assessments need not be made until the completion of the work when an assessment shall be made for the entire balance of cost of construction * * * and notice of such assessment shall be given by the board of county commissioners in all respects as provided for the first assessment. And such assessment and the certificates issued thereon shall be in like manner perpetual liens upon the tracts assessed, interest-bearing and enforcible as such first assessment and certificates. * * * In any case, in the discretion of the board, several assessments may be made as the work progresses. * * *
'Sec. 8470. For the cleaning and maintenance of any drainage established under the provisions of this article, assessments may be made upon the landowners affected in the proportions determined for such drainage at any time upon the petition of any person setting forth the necessity thereof. * * * Such assessments shall be made as other assessments for the construction of drainage, certificates may be issued thereon and such assessments and certificates shall be liens * * * in all respects as original assessments. * * *'


Symon and Kim from Vision Mechanics recently spent two weeks at the Haya Cultural Centre in Amman, collaborating with the Centre's creative team to develop a new puppetry production for 3-8 year olds, The Little Light.
Vision Mechanics' visit was supported by the British Council, Jordan and Creative Scotland.
The visit is part of the British Council's ongoing support for the Haya Cultural Centre to enable the Centre to develop strategic partnerships with puppet theatres for children in the UK and to give the Centre's creative team the opportunity to receive training in puppetry and boost their skills.
As well as passing on our expertise, it is a great opportunity for Vision Mechanics to immerse ourselves in Jordanian culture and work with talented Jordanian performers on this co-production, which will embrace each country's uniqueness and similarities.


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April 15 Dallas Season Finale Recap: "Guilt by Association" & "Legacies"
Dallas finally puts nagging questions from the past to rest and sets the stage for a new season of family strife during the two-hour season finale, which answered the question: Who Killed J.R.? The Ewings mobilize for a final showdown with Cliff Barnes and his accomplices Harris and Governor McConaughay. Cliff gleefully prepares to dump the Ewings' belongings into the street as he makes himself at home at Ewing Energies, unaware that his daughter is flying back from Las Vegas as Mrs. John Ross Ewing. When the Ewings discover Cliff's airplane was documented as having been in Nuevo Laredo the night that J.R. was killed, Bobby tells Bum it's time to put the final phase of J.R.'s masterpiece plan into motion. Evidence against Cliff mounts when Ronda Simmons, the woman who met with J.R. during his final nights in Mexico, visits Southfork and recognizes a photo of Cliff that Pamela shows her. John Ross is foaming at the mouth to nail Cliff but Bobby tells him it's Christopher's turn to secure shares of Barnes Global through another Pamela who was beloved by Cliff. In Zurich, Chris has a hard time making good on Bobby's strategy. He shows up at his mother's home and confronts Dr. David Gordon, Pam's new husband. He's devastated when Dr. Gordon tells him Pam left Dallas and her family behind on purpose and wants nothing to do with her son. Although Elena is a comfort to him at first, Christopher turns on her when he dials a number on her cell phone and Drew picks up. Chris tells Elena he can never trust her again and orders her out of his life. Back in Dallas, John Ross works with Pam to advance the plot against her father. The two go into Cliff's safe deposit box and plant a replica of J.R.'s signature belt buckle as further evidence that he was in Mexico the night J.R. was murdered. While rifling through Cliff's possessions, Pamela discovers a death certificate from Abu Dabi listing the deceased as Pamela Ewing! Christopher learns the awful truth during his second skirmish with Dr. Gordon and a disguised woman who turns out to be the nurse who took care of Pam when the doctor was treating her after her disfiguring car accident of 1987. When Chris threatens to call the police, Dr. Gordon reveals that Pam had discovered she had pancreatic cancer and chose not to reveal her condition to Bobby and their son. Cliff had been paying them for their silence so he could maintain control over Pam's shares of Barnes Global. They turn over her will to a sobbing Christopher, who has no choice but to mourn the end of his (and Dallas fans') hopes that Pamela Jean Barnes Ewing would ever return. While John Ross and Pamela close in on Cliff, Sue Ellen targets Governor McConaghey. She tracks down Ken Richards in the Cayman Islands, with Bum's help, and forces him to turn over evidence against the governor or she'll unearth some shady facts about Ken's son's company that Ken had swept under a rug and the governor was blackmailing him about. Taking a final meeting with McConaghey, Sue Ellen relishes confronting the governor with the evidence she has and calls his bluff when he threatens to bring down Ken. Sue Ellen, as J.R. would no doubt be proud to know, doesn't care if her old friend has to pay a price for her getting the Ewing land back from the Texas government. The gloves are off! The next target on the Ewings' list is Harris and they send drugged out Emma in as a Trojan horse, returning home to beg for leniency and a fresh supply of tranquilizers. While Emma tries to get evidence against her father from within, her ex Drew is setting up Roy Vickers to get arrested for possession of drugs with which the ladies' shoes in the Ryland Transport trucks are coated. Now that puts a whole new spin on the term shoe addiction! Cliff panics when Vickers is arrested and orders a hit on him, but not before Pamela gets him to admit Cliff knew she and the Ewings were present on the rig when he ordered Vickers to detonate the bomb. Emma pretends to be glad Vickers is dead when it's reported on the news and knocks her dad out with a cocktail of her pulverized meds. She breaks into his safe and finds a ledger detailing his meetings with the Mexican drug cartel. Visiting her dad later in jail, Emma assures Harris she's exactly her daddy's little girl. When Christopher returns from Zurich, the Ewings quickly wave away any time to mourn the finality of his mother's fate and plan their ultimate sting on Cliff. Bobby show's them the gun that J.R. had Bum deliver to Bobby and Pamela recognizes it as Cliff's. J.R.'s body is exhumed and bullet shrapnel in his chest matches Cliff's gun. Pamela volunteers to lure Cliff back to Mexico so he can be within the jurisdiction of Mexican authorities. Flying down on the pretext of finishing some of Frank's business, Pamela plants the gun in the car. She intercepts a frantic call from Cliff's secretary and lets in the Ewings, who lower the boom on Barnes. Cliff protests that he's being set up by J.R. from the grave, just like the good old days. When Bobby visits him in jail, he tells Cliff he'll never know who really killed J.R. At J.R.'s grave, John Ross and Christopher confront Bobby and Bum and demand Bobby reveal the full contents of J.R.'s final letter to him. We learn that the trigger man was actually Bum, on the orders of J.R. himself, who had decided to end his life on his own terms after learning he had terminal cancer. J.R. confirmed in his own words to a teary Bobby how his scheming and jealousy over Ewing Oil all those years ago never meant that he didn't love his little brother way down deep. As John Ross put it, in the end, only J.R. Ewing could take down J.R. Ewing. Down in Mexico, Cliff shows he still has a few tricks up his sleeves and reveals to Elena that J.R. had screwed her father out of the riches of his oil fields just like J.R.'s father Jock Ewing had done to Cliff's dad Digger Barnes ages ago. Elena pays a visit to the mysterious Joaquin, a Ramos family member who may just help her launch a new blood feud with the Ewings! Back in Dallas, Sue Ellen asks John Ross to be good to his new wife but he's too busy screwing his accomplice Emma to mind his mother. Like father, like son. See y'all next season!
Category : Dallas-on-TNT
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2 thoughts on "April 15 Dallas Season Finale Recap: "Guilt by Association" & "Legacies""
J.R. LeMar on April 16, 2013 at 5:10 am said:
No, you won't be seeing me next season. The new series already ruined J.R. Ewing, be beginning with him broke and in a Nursing Home, and now they're hellbent on ruining John Ross. Him and Pamela were the ONE saving grace of this show, and now they've fraked it up. So I'm done.
malleyne2004 on April 16, 2013 at 11:30 am said:
I will be watching for next season


In this interview with n-tv.de, Dr. Timo Lochocki discusses recent developments in Germany's immigration debate and provides an insight into the actions German politicians have taken. Following violent clashes outside a refugee hostel in Saxony over the weekend, the topic of Germany's intake of refugees and asylum seekers, and questions over Germany's ability to integrate the many new arrivals, have dominated the headlines.
Asked what the government can do to encourage the successful integration of immigrants, Dr. Lochocki stresses the need for the German government to outline a clear, irrevocable decision that Germany will accommodate and accept all those new arrivals that are deemed to be genuine asylum seekers. Given this could mean up to 800,000 asylum seekers being accepted this year alone, Dr. Lochocki encourages the government to openly admit that it will be a challenge, but says they must also emphasize the fact that given Germany's position as one of the richest countries in the world, with a well-trained police force, and the organizational structure required to process and provide for the thousands of applicants, it is a challenge that Germany can overcome.
Dr. Lochocki praised the decision of Social Democratic Party (SPD) leader Sigmar Gabriel to strongly condemn the violence in Heidenau and to declare the government unwilling to accept such 'un-German' behavior. However, unlike many analysts, Dr. Lochocki is reluctant to criticize Chancellor Merkel for her hesitation in addressing the situation. He suggests that as the government has no masterplan to handle the immigration situation, it is sensible for her to simply follow the path that Gabriel has laid down for the government, while continuing to develop the new, more efficient immigration policy she has been promising.
Dr. Lochocki believes that reassuring the public that the situation is under control is of the utmost importance in avoiding a swing to right-wing populist parties. For the government to install police reinforcements to protect refugee hostels such as Heidenau makes it unambiguously clear that the government is serious about preventing ugly scenes like those on the weekend, has taken charge of the situation, are in control and are unwilling to allow such callous behavior to threaten the safety of the asylum seekers.