I ran the 2017 runDisney Disneyland Half Marathon on Sunday morning.
But before we get into the recap, are you all caught up on what went down to get me to this point?! Make sure to read (or at least humor me and quickly scroll through) the post about Cigna's Blogger Meet-Up and the recap for the 2017 runDisney Disneyland 10K so that we are all on the same page. Done?! Okay, good, let's move on!
As I mentioned in the Disneyland 10K recap post, the Disneyland Half is part of a bigger challenge - the Dumbo Double Dare Disneyland Double Dare (the name was changed this year and I may be a little bitter about it, but more on that later). I actually have run the challenge (which includes the Disneyland 10K on Saturday morning and the Disneyland Half Marathon on Sunday morning) since it was introduced in 2013. That means I am a "legacy runner" (although, except for bragging rights, there isn't much more you get because of it).
Just means I'm crazy enough to pay the high registration fees TWICE and get up at zero-dark-thirty TWO days in a row.
But before we get to wake-up calls, let's do a quick rundown of what happened between the finish line of the Disneyland 10K and the start line of the Disneyland Half. It can be summarized with the three F's: Food, Football and Friends.
There was a #WeRunSocial meet-up scheduled for 1pm, so you know the hubby and I had to head over to Trader Sam's to hang out with everyone! It was great getting to see everyone, but I swear we never have enough time (or maybe the crew just continues to grow so I feel like I can't hang out with everyone enough).
Once we were fed and hydrated (there were heat advisories in effect for the race, so pre-hydrating was a MUST), it was time to foam roll, stretch and make sure I had everything I needed for the following morning's race.
my Garmin Forerunner 735XT, and Brooks Ghost with reflective Shwings.
Similar to the previous morning, my game plan was to leave the hotel by 4am so I could get over to the staging area by 4:30 which would leave me with plenty of time to grab some water, hit up the potty and make my way to my corral. Everything worked out perfectly and I was in my corral around 4:45am, awaiting the countdown.
I know, I know, I keep mentioning the heat, but when we started it was already in the 80s and the humidity was around 85% - and that was before 5am! If you haven't run in these kinds of conditions before, let me just tell you, it's NASTY! When you are sweating before you start the race you know you're in for some harsh conditions.
There was a slight delay in the race start (they never really announced what the issue was, just that they were waiting for the all-clear), but eventually it was time to cross the timing mat and set off into the streets of Anaheim.
Technically I was supposed to have a 16 mile workout Sunday morning (the first eight miles being at 8:00/mile pace and the last eight might at 7:35/mile pace). I chatted with my coach and let him know I wasn't sure if that would pan out. First, these runDisney races are pricey and I wanted to be able to enjoy it. Next, I hadn't run with the ears before and I wasn't sure if they'd be difficult to run in (spoiler alert: other than the visor slipping down my forehead because of the extra weight I didn't notice any wind resistance or anything). Finally, with the elements being as they were, I wasn't sure how much gusto I'd have in my tank. He told me to take it easy and do what I could (but, most importantly, HAVE FUN!).
Running through the castle with my friend Robert!
The World of Color is so beautiful!
With the thumbs up to "have fun" (and the fact that I was in Corral A so would have to deal with less people waiting in line) I decided I would grab pictures with as many characters as I could. Since Disney only has characters on their property, I knew the photo ops would be limited to the first three-ish miles. My plan was to have #AllTheFun in the parks and then maybe get a little more focused on pace once I hit the streets.
We skipped Mike and Sully on Saturday, but I was sure to stop on Sunday!
SHUT THE FRONT DOOR! I've never seen the three of them together before!
Bottom Left: Bad lighting made Merida super blurry / Bottom Right: I'm covered in sweat and JOY!
I wanted to note something about this race. Normally it is my favorite Disneyland race. I love that we get to run through Angel Stadium, the classic cars are amazing, the entertainment (bands, dance troupes, cheer squads, etc) have awesome energy, etc. Due to Star Wars Land (I'm not sure if that's really what they will be calling it or not) and apparently some homeless encampments, the course was changed a bit. I'm not sure if this caused the adjustments or not, but it seemed like there were a lot fewer classic cars and marching bands. Maybe the weather kept folks away, maybe it was the earlier start time (in the past the race has started at 5:30am), maybe the magic is just wearing off, I'm not 100% sure what it was, but I sort of ran away feeling a little disappointed.
Although I enjoy running along the Santa Ana River Trail and was a little bummed that the course was changing, I do have to say that I liked the portion around town better than in years past. I felt like we went over fewer overpasses and weren't necessarily running directly into the sun as much as we had previously (but that might also be because of the earlier start time). I'm sure they'll change the course once the new Star Wars portion opens, but I didn't hate it.
Apparently I didn't stop completely because these pictures are quite blurry - OOPS!
At the next aid station a volunteer handing out water said he thought I was the 23rd female. Well, if I needed a fire under my booty, this was it. runDisney races are fairly big (8,000-15,000 runners normally), so to hear I could potentially finish in the top 25 females was awesome. I decided to try and catch as many ladies as I could over the next five miles.
Don't get me wrong, I was still listening to my body, walking through water stops to grab both Powerade and water, but I did my darnedest to push the pace and not let anyone pass me.
The hubby was hunkering down around Mile 12.5 (I had texted him when I hit Mile 10 and 11 so he knew to be on the look out and he told me which side of the street he was going to be on). When I made the turn onto Disneyland Drive I saw him in the distance, so waved my lucky feather at him. He snapped a couple photos and I told him that there was a possibility I could finish pretty high up so I wasn't going to stop to chat (I had just passed two females and didn't want to give them the chance to go by me). He wished me well and told me he'd see me at the finish line.
As Linzie once yelled, "I'M NOT STOPPING!"
When we were making our way towards the finish line I saw one of my sweet friends and she actually took a quick video of me running by. Which reminds me, I wanna give a SHOUT OUT to all the spectators who get up early, chase runners from spot to spot, cheer strangers on and ROCK MY SOCKS! We pay to run these races, but they are out there out of the goodness of their heart (or maybe the guilt-trip from their loved one, hehe) - so THANK YOU!
And, in a flash, another Disneyland Half was over. Dumbo soared to the finish and didn't need a magic feather after all!
Once I grabbed my bling, water, goodie box and banana, I found the hubby so we could snap a couple quick photos.
When you go to take a bling picture and the ribbons are in front of the medals... FAIL!
The weather was rough. When we started, it was already 80s and when I finished I think it was 94. I saw the "feels like" temperature was in the TRIPLE DIGITS due to the humidity. Obviously there is nothing runDisney can do about the elements, but man is it a tough sell to get people to come back year after year in these conditions. I know I've been complaining about the humidity for months now, but I've gotta say, I think training in it must be helping because when everyone else was starting to pump the brakes, I still had some gas left in the tank to keep chugging along.
Oh yeah, and the volunteer who said I was 23rd around Mile 8 was a little off. I think I passed 8 or 9 females between then and the finish line and ended up coming in 23rd female (and 6th in my division), but his comment still sparked some motivation and pushed me harder than had he not have said anything, so it all worked out. Or maybe he was guessing that I would be the 23rd female... and if so, then CONGRATS SIR, you deserve some sort of prize!
considering, I am pretty proud of how I finished the race.
Now the tricky part... Will I be back for a SEVENTH time? I've gotta be honest, in the past I would have said ABSO-FLOGGING-LUTELY almost immediately, but now there's some hesitation in my registration finger. The weather is always an issue (August and September are our hottest months), the prices are high (it was over $350 for the challenge) and the bling was disappointing (I may be the only one who thinks it, but I liked the continuity of the medals before... now it seems like anything goes). These runDisney weekends are always about more than just the miles, but when said miles are hot, humid and high-priced, it makes you think long and hard before spending your precious pennies. Only time (and maybe a little bit of friendly peer pressure) will tell if I come back for another go.
"Disneyland"... This makes it seem like I was running the Toy Story Half Marathon.
Do you have legacy status at any of the races you run?
I was kind of sad to miss this for the first time in five years...but reading this I don't feel TOO mad. I didn't love the medals either. Congrats again on the great finish!!
Congrats on your top 25 finish! That's incredible and you were certainly flying when you passed me!
The heat reminded me of 2013 - gross! So amazed at all of you that ran it (and SO glad I wasn't! Haha).
I remember hearing on FB the classic car group wasn't officially invited this time and we saw a sharp decline in marching bands and community groups at Tink too (and in that race the Red Hat Society didn't come because their partnership with rD fell through). I think it all has to do with rD on the west coast moving from volunteers to paid temp staff. Rumor also has it that they'll be cutting all halfs from DL... only time and an eventual announcement about Light Side and/or Tink will tell.
The 2011 Disneyland Half was my 1st half, and I've been back every year so far. And I've done all the Double Dares, too! I thought the new course was an improvement. And, most definitely Yes, there were fewer bands and cars than before.
But I think this was my last Disneyland Double Dare. Like you said - it was hot, and it's hard to train through the summer here in Florida! This old body (I consider myself to be officially old, having just turned 70 the day of the Disneyland 10K), this old body doesn't like running 13.1 miles at a time anymore.
Running the double dare also made it hard to enjoy Disneyland because I tried to stay off my feet before the races and was tired after them. And the parks are always crowded on Labor Day weekend.
Congrats on your great races and your entertaining recaps!


I am trying to use simulation study to figure if the structure (seating) can be used for the purpose meant for, the material being carbon fiber and steel for the legs. I created a custom (carbon fiber) one with values I kinda copied from the steel info, hence most probably incorrect, as the ones in SW are not complete, and won't let me use it.
I am having problems in completing the simulation, and would like to know if the design is feasible, meaning the structure won't collapse, more concerned with the carbon fiber part, than the legs, how much in mm would the tubular flex?
I had already found the second link you provided, couldn't understand it very well, your first link is a bit simpler, hope to be able to load corect info.
Will try the FOS, and let you know.


The Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland is somewhere that I'd always wanted to visit. I remember seeing a postcard of it when I was younger, and thinking that it looked amazing. Imagine my excitement when my lovely boyfriend took me there! It's located in County Antrim, on the northeast coast of Northern Ireland, and it was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1986.
We parked in the National Trust car park, which is pretty expensive (£9 if I remember correctly). However, if you're a member of the National Trust then there's no parking fee (yay!).
We walked along the coastal path, along with the many other hundreds of visitors from all over the world. I wasn't expecting there to be so many people; all the photos of the Giant's Causeway that I'd seen had given me the impression of it being a remote place, far from civilisation and people clutching selfie sticks and cameras. The stunning rock formations certainly draw the crowds in, and you can see from the photos why it's such an attraction.
The Giant's Causeway is an area of about 40,000 interlocking basalt columns, the result of an ancient volcanic eruption. The tops of the columns form stepping stones that lead from the cliff foot and disappear under the sea. It really is awe-inspiring that nature can create something so unusual and impressive.
Everyone else seemed busy taking photos and clambering over the rocks, so it was nice to sit down away from the crowds and enjoy the view. We'd been sitting there for a while, when a lady came up to us and told us that we looked so comfortable, and asked us if we would like her to take a photo of us. We gladly took her up on her kind offer, and took some snaps of her in return.
There were lots of beautiful flowers in bloom along the coastline, and the weather held out all afternoon, which was wonderful.
Have you visited the Giant's Causeway? What was your experience?
This is amazing! One of my goals is to visit as many UNESCO sites as possible, but I didn't even know about this one. I've never been to Northern Ireland either, so could be worth a whole trip!
Ohh it looks gorgeous! I reeeeally want to go to Northern Ireland and Ireland, been on the list for ages!


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PuertoVallarta.net's News Blog
Argentine ex-President Nestor Kirchner dies
SANTIAGO .- Former Argentine President Nestor Kirchner died Wednesday at the age of 60, according to Argentina government sources led by his wife, Cristina Fernandez.
At 8:00 this morning, the former head of state was taken to the hospital José Formenti, El Calafate, after feeling indisposed. At all times, he was accompanied by the Lady "K".
At first, his hospitalization was the subject of rumors, but at 10:00 his death was reported due to a "cardiac arrest and sudden death" and that prevented its revival, sources said at the medical center to newspaper "Clarín".
Back in February this year, Kirchner had undergone emergency surgery in the Los Arcos clinic in Palermo due to circulatory issues. Seven months later, in September and was admitted for an angioplasty, to repair a blocked coronary artery.
Kirchner, part of the Justice Party, led the Casa Rosada between May 2003 and December 2007, leaving power to his wife, Cristina Fernandez.
Before being elected president in 2003, Kirchner was mayor of Rio Gallegos, capital of Santa Cruz (1987-1991) and governor of the province (1991-2003).
In 2009 he was elected national deputy for Buenos Aires, a position that he would have held until 2013. And on May 4 he had been appointed secretary general of the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR). He was to be a candidate once again to replace his wife in 2011.
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This order really tested our artistic abilities, and we are proud to report that we passed! Our customer ordered two of our spindle arm chairs in Oak and wanted to match them to her antiques. Without knowing her order, it would be tough to tell which ones were new and which ones were family heirlooms.


GLAVA® will have a high profile at Nor-Shipping, a maritime conference week that attracts the entire international marine industry to Oslo.
GLAVA will be representing ISOVER at the shipping trade fair in collaboration with Saint-Gobain Marine Applications. Weber and Optimera are also under the umbrella of Saint-Gobain.
This is a meeting place with a high level of professionalism and valuable content for the industry.
Lars Fillip Kolbu, Business Unit Manager Technical Insulation.
GLAVA® will be using large touch screens to visualise its outstanding reference clients and projects, fields of application and product qualities that help to reduce energy consumption.
Kolbu believes Isover and GLAVA® Marine/Offshore, in collaboration with Saint-Gobain, offers products that are well suited for green building within the marine and offshore sectors.
This year, Saint-Gobain celebrates 350 years and there will be a large banner at the stand. There will also be celebrations to mark the Ultimate division's 10-year anniversary.
Nor-Shipping expects more than 30,000 delegates to attend. It is considered one of the world's most important and well-known shipping fairs, and is an important meeting place and forum for the world's shipping industry.


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It is the Red Mountain reputation for quality that brought Doug Long
and his partners together to collaborate on a new winery and estate vineyard.
Betsy Long has seen it all since she and her late husband Doug planted grapes on Pritchard Hill in Napa Valley in 1971. After leaving Napa, she and Doug moved to WA with no plans to work in the wine industry. They were supposed to "retire". However, she knew that could not stop the love of wine making that was ingrained in the heart of Doug. Soon after discovering Red Mountain WA, and understanding what great wines could be made from this fantastic terroir, the writing was on the wall. Together, they started Obelisco with good friends and partners that were later bought out. She supported the endeavors to go out and create the best wine possible and loved the passion that Doug put into the wines. Now, as owner, she endeavors to carry on the legacy.
Ken Abbott, GM and Winemaker
Midway through college, I went to Napa to stay with my aunt and uncle in St. Helena. While I had gone to play tennis, I quickly fell in love with the wine industry. From my family, I learned about our wine making traditions and production, which have always stayed with me. After graduating from WSU in 1992, I worked outside of the industry in Real Estate, Finance and Development. Not long after, my uncle Doug, who had winemaking in his blood, relocated to Gig Harbor, WA from Napa Valley. He began telling me about Red Mountain and how special of a place it is for grapes. Doug was a visionary in this area and I was lucky enough to learn and work with Doug for a long time. Slowly, I got more and more involved in the business aspects and production of Obelisco wine and eventually Doug asked me to be the GM of the winery. My hero, godfather, and friend, Doug, passed in 2017. As the GM, I carry on the family tradition of producing wine at Obelisco with my Aunt Betsy and as a steward of the family's style of wines. In honor of Doug, I and my amazing team at Obelisco carry on the love to help people "Celebrate Life."
"Obelisk, was a term that was synonymous with protection or defense. The needle of the obelisk has been said to perforate the clouds and disperse the negative forces that could gather into a storm."
Obelisco Estate is a small 30 acre vineyard located on the southwest slope of Red Mountain. It's name venerates the tall, narrow four-sided obelisks that were carved out of solid granite by exceptional craftsmen as early as 2000 B.C. In much the same way, our wines have been carved out of Red Mountain terroir.
We often look to history for examples of intriguing notions. How have humans left their mark on places of discovery? How have we announced ourselves, our presence, to the world? As early as 2000 B.C., obelisks were quarried out of solid red granite along the banks of the Nile in Egypt and ferried by boats buoyed by flood waters to their destinations, where they were erected as monuments. To this day, obelisks are icons reminiscent of civilizations past.
As a general rule, obelisks were erected in pairs and served to magically protect the temples. The obelisk is composed of two parts: the body and the pyramidion. The pyramid shaped top was designed to allow the sun to reflect from its faces, thereby symbolizing the rays of the sun. The egyptians believe the solar rays brought great power, even to the grave and had the power to resurrect the deceased.
The main 30 acre vineyard, designed and planted for the sole purpose of producing intensely complex, elegant and rich red wines, is located on the southwest facing slope bathed in sunlight throughout long daylight hours, with cool nights and the moderating effect of the Yakima River below. Obelisco Estate vineyard is perfectly situated to grow world class grapes noted for their structure, acidity and intense varietal character. The vineyard is one of the most intensely planted vineyards in the Northwest.
The vineyard is located in the red Mountain terrior which is known for some of the best growing conditions for Bordeaux varietals in North America. The unusual soil depths and ideal cumulative maturation time are in-matched in Washington.
In 1971 Doug and his two brothers planted their first vineyard high above Napa Valley on a property their father had purchased years earlier without any idea that the property was perfect for grapes. Doug and his brothers figured it out quickly and with encouragement from nearby wine makers, they began their adventure. By 1980, their reputation for fine grapes was growing quickly and in 1981 they started their first winery called David Arthur that we ont to be named "Winery of the Decade" by spectator in the year 2000. The 1997 vintage scored 99 points.
Doug and his wife Betsy attempted to "retire" to Gig Harbor Wa. They soon after discovered Red Mountain and immediately recognized how special it was. With wine making in his blood, Doug could not resist and soon planted one of the most intensely planted vineyards in the wine world on Red Mountain.
The first vintage was 2007. The vines were young, but after sampling from the barrels and realizing that there was something special, the first bottling took place. The first offering was named "Best cabernet in the state" by Seattle Magazine and also received the esteemed "Double Gold" from the seattle Wine Awards. The Obelisco vineyard theory was now a reality.
"No effort and no expense is too much in growing fine grapes… grapes are 95% of the quality of wine"
III Nefer
It appears that ancient Egypt had the equivalent of French Appellation Controlee laws. There was a "Royal Sealer of Wine" who overlooked the honest labeling laws, much of what you find on the wine labels today was on the labels of ancient egypt. These include:
Name of the Estate
Date of Vintage
Vinterns name
Assessment of Quality
An example of such a wine label is the "Star of Horus" on the "Height of Heaven" vineyard. The vineyard started around 2600 B.C. and lasted until 300 A.D. The Northern Xois District, produced a wine called "Chassut Red" and it was reputed to not be ready to drink until it had aged 100 years.
Keeping a wine for years to mature was not all that uncommon. In the annex of Tutankhamun's tomb, 36 wine jars were found and each bore a docket and hieratic giving the date, place and vintage of the wine and showing the Aten Domain Vineyard wines to me maintained for at least 21 years.
Egyptian wines were rated as good (nfr), twice good (nfr, nfr) and three times good (nfr, nfr, nfr). The III Nfr was reserved for the pharaoh and the gods. Ancient Egyptian writing contained no vowels. To aid in pronunciation, it is common to add the letter "e" between the consonants, therefore nfr becomes Nefer. Nefer stands for all that is good and beautiful.
Electrum is an alloy of gold, silver and other precious metals. It was crafted into coins and jewelry. More importantly it was carefully layered on the pyramidion at the top of the Pharaohs obelisks where it reflected the sun in honor of the sun god Re.
This wine, named after the alloy of the gods, is a blend like metal, Cabernet (gold) Merlot (Silver) and Malbec (copper). The hand-picked fruit from the estate's best lots have been crafted and aged in French Oak to create a distinctive blend that represents the finest expression of Obelisco Estate.


For landscaping work and for the timber retaining wall, it is important to hire the best landscaper who can be trusted for such job. The first thing you need to do select the list of builders for timber retaining walls Brisbane. Get the detailed outline quotation from them and check the task involved in it and the cost. It is very important to check that whether the builder is licensed for retaining walls Brisbane. Do the comparison and choose the one that best fits for your job. This work is a risk work; a good builder company will have insured all the workers as per the Brisbane standard of safety.


Bring your Princess aged 4-10 for this Elegant Tea Party geared to be shared with Little Ones. Each Courtier may bring up to 3 Princesses. A simple Craft and Activity will be provided.
*Please inform our office of any special dietary needs, preferred seating arrangements. If we do not hear from you within 48 hours of the event we will do our best to accommodate your need!


VOGUE — Writing about my hometown might offer a skewed perspective: the places I recommend are brighter in my mind because they were the settings for teenage first dates and declarations of independence. But in recent years, the town where I grew up has exceeded my own nostalgic expectations with inventive cuisine and even better almond croissants. Ashland, Oregon is wine country, but better: vineyards provide diversity without overwhelm, and the burgeoning cannabis industry grows some of the best in the world. The natural surroundings are ideal for adventure, or just marveling out the window.


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Mike the Tiger
Mike VI
Celebrating Mike
Visit Mike
History of Mike
Mike I
Mike III
Mike IV
Mike V
Mike VII
Facts About Mike
Mike's Caretakers
Mike VI (2007-16)
Mike VI was born July 23, 2005, and came to LSU when he was two years old. At the time of his arrival at LSU, he weighed 320 pounds.
Mike VI was donated to LSU by Great Cats of Indiana, a nonprofit sanctuary and rescue facility for big cats and other large carnivores, located in Idaville, Ind.
He was moved into his new home on August 25, 2007, and was introduced to the LSU community on September 1, 2007. He was officially declared Mike VI at a ceremony held on September 14, 2007. He debuted in Tiger Stadium on the evening of the Florida vs. LSU football game on Saturday, October 6, 2007. LSU won 28-24.
On May 23, 2016, Mike VI, was diagnosed with a spindle cell sarcoma, a type of cancer. He underwent stereotactic radiotherapy on June 1 at Mary Bird Perkins – Our Lady of the Lake Cancer Center in Baton Rouge, La. In October 2016, a CT scan revealed that Mike VI's tumor has grown and cancer had spread despite treatment. He entered hospice care in his night house on Oct. 10, 2016, so that his caretakers could observe him to ensure that he did not suffer.
On Oct. 11, 2016, Mike was humanely euthanized in his night house by LSU's Attending Veterinarian David Baker, DVM, Ph.D. Mike as cremated, and his ashes are located in the Andonie Museum next to the LSU Alumni Association on LSU's campus.
Mike VI In Memoriam
Ginger Guttner
ginger@lsu.edu
Ernie Ballard
LSU Media Relations
eballa1@lsu.edu


Sprint is set to focus on infrastructural investments after its consolidation talks with T-Mobile came to an end with no deal being agreed, SoftBank founder and Chief Executive Officer said on a Monday earnings call. The Overland Park, Kansas-based wireless carrier chaired by Mr. Son is now set to increase its yearly network spending to up to $6 billion in total, SoftBank CEO said, signaling that Sprint's efforts on this front are about to become significantly more aggressive; the company's current network budget is in the range of $3.5 billion and $4 billion, with some industry watchers previously suggesting that the firm ought to ramp up its investment efforts in order to utilize its spectrum holdings more efficiently. Sprint's parent appears to agree with that assessment, though its planned increase may have grown even more after it became apparent that no deal with T-Mobile will be realized anytime soon.
Even a network budget of $6 billion wouldn't put Sprint on par with T-Mobile, with AT&T and Verizon spending significantly more on their infrastructure on an annual basis, though the move is described as one of the first steps in the wireless carrier's efforts to continue growing on its own following unsuccessful merger discussions. In the same vein, the company announced an MVNO agreement with Altice USA earlier today, and while it explicitly stated that the newly introduced partnership wasn't dependent on its talks with T-Mobile, the timing of its reveal was likely meant to offset some negative effects that the failed tie-up negotiations are having on its stock value. Despite confirming a major collaboration with one of the largest cable companies in the country, Sprint's stock is presently plummeting, being down over 12 percent compared to how it closed on Friday and trading for just over $5.80 as of Monday morning.
T-Mobile is also expected to ramp up its network commitments in the short and medium term following its unsuccessful attempt to merge with Sprint, with the two possibly being involved in an infrastructural investment war, according to some industry watchers. While announcing the end of their tie-up talks, both companies said they're still open to consolidations going forward but were unable to find enough common ground in this particular scenario.


A well sign-posted trail, the Bataluk Cultural Trail enables visitors to share in the Dreamtime culture of the East Gippsland Koori people.
At the crest of the hill a lookout platform has been constructed enabling views down upon the local farmlands, the foothills and the Avon River.
Rotating exhibits of artefacts, memorabilia, books, photos and more from the Avon District.


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The five elephant habitats at ARK 2000 provide the elephants with hundreds of acres of varied natural terrain to roam, lakes and pools to bathe in, and elephant barns equipped with heated stalls and a indoor therapy pool.
Pictured: Tiger Czar
Three Tigers Arrive at PAWS
Three new tigers have found lifetime homes at PAWS' ARK 2000 sanctuary. Mungar, Czar and Tessa needed immediate placement when their previous home, Southern California's Wildlife Waystation, permanently ceased operations and relinquished their permit to keep wild animals. PAWS and several other sanctuaries across the country stepped up to help, providing permanent refuge for a number of displaced animals.
When Wildlife Waystation officially surrendered their permit in August, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife immediately assumed both physical and fiscal responsibility for the daily care of more than 400 exotic and non-releasable wild animals, a monumentally expensive and daunting task for a state agency. At the request of the state, the New York-based non-profit Tigers in America (TIA) began finding appropriate placement for big cats and other animals within its network of sanctuaries. As of this writing, TIA has assisted in relocating 42 big cats into new homes in eight sanctuaries across the country.
Mungar, Czar and Tessa have made themselves right at home, and have settled in well. They are getting to know our staff and daily routine, as well as the other tigers who are housed nearby. Czar and Tessa are considered elderly, and Mungar has significant but manageable disabilities. PAWS' caregiving and veterinary staff excel at caring for older and "special needs" animals. Disability-friendly habitats, nutritious food, dedicated daily care, round-the-clock monitoring, and expert veterinary care tailored to the unique needs of each individual are the hallmarks that define PAWS' commitment to animal well-being.
Mungar (left) is 14 years old, and he is patient, strong, and quite unique. He was born with multiple physical challenges that were probably the result of genetic defects due to inbreeding, something all too common among tigers in captivity. He is blind in his left eye and has limited vision in his right. Malformed neck vertebrae pinch his spinal cord causing neurological symptoms such as urinary incontinence and difficulty using his rear legs. He also has a deformed jaw which makes it challenging to chew large pieces of food. We cut his meat into small strips to make it easier for him to chew and swallow. He takes multiple medications to help with his challenges, all of which he seems to take in stride. We immediately noticed his calm, trusting and positive attitude.
Mungar's enclosure includes a small pool and den area and is attached to his own disability-friendly habitat filled with shady oak trees, soft grass and soil. We've installed wooden platforms that have been built low to the ground so he can get on and off them with ease. He is a tiger who loves water. In fact, the first thing he did when he entered his new enclosure was to climb into his pool for a good soak. Mungar is a big, solid tiger with a calm and relaxed demeanor and a friendly personality. He and his new neighbor Apollo are mutually curious about each other and interactions through their shared fence have been cautious, but positive.
Czar (left) is 17 years old, active, inquisitive, and handsome. He also loves water and enjoys being given a cool bath with a water hose by his caregivers or submerging himself in the pool within his enclosure. He always greets people, and neighboring tigers, with a friendly "chuff." He even chuffs at his pool!
The first thing Czar did when released into his enclosure and den area at ARK 2000 was eat grass. All of our tiger enclosures and habitats have areas with filled with lush, green grass, a favorite treat for tigers. Tigers, like many domestic cats, love to eat grass. PAWS irrigates certain areas so that even during the hot summer months our tigers have access to green grass. Czar's enclosure is next door to Tessa's and they seem to enjoy each other's company. Caregivers report positive vocalizations (chuffing) back and forth.
Tessa ((left) is 17 years old, full of energy and beautiful. Overall she is friendly and curious, but also has a shy and reserved side. She especially loves lounging on the elevated wooden platform in her enclosure where she can watch all of the activity going on around her. She also enjoys rolling and pouncing on her big Boomer ball.
Tessa greets people and neighboring tigers alike with a friendly "chuff." She is very curious about her other neighbor, tiger Sawyer, and often makes friendly gestures towards her. Like all tigers at PAWS, Tessa's enclosure and den area is attached to a large habitat filled with trees, grass, soft soil and a pool.
Czar and Tessa will soon have access to larger habitats. They must first become acclimated to their individual enclosures and dens and learn the daily routine before we let them out into the bigger areas. This way they will know to come back in for feeding and medications.
We look forward to getting to know these tigers even more, and we're honored to provide them with room to roam, the peaceful sounds of nature, and the love and respect they deserve.
We estimate that it costs approximately $18,000 per year to care for ONE healthy tiger. Please consider making a special gift to PAWS in honor of Mungar, Tessa and Czar.
PAWS' Innovative Outreach Program Welcomes Back College Students
PAWS is again offering Wild Animals in Captivity: Exploring the Interface Between Humans and Wildlife, a half-day learning experience for college professors and their classes. The program takes place at PAWS' 2,300-acre ARK 2000 natural habitat sanctuary in San Andreas, California, home to rescued or retired elephants, bears, and big cats.
The program explores the links between captivity, animal use, and larger wildlife issues. It is designed for, but not limited to, those interested in areas such as human-animal studies, animal welfare and behavior, biology, environmental studies, animal law, education, and conservation. The aim is to motivate students to think more deeply about the interface of humans and nature as defined by our interactions with wild animals in circuses, zoos, private menageries, and when kept as exotic pets – and inspire them to make a difference. To date, the response from students and professors has been enthusiastic.
Wild Animals in Captivity: Exploring the Interface Between Humans and Wildlife is offered through December; dates are limited. The course will take place again from February through June 2020. Professors are invited to bring interested students, free of charge.
For more information, contact PAWS Director of Science, Research and Advocacy Catherine Doyle at cdoyle@pawsweb.org.
Beloved Bear Sampson Passes Away
Sampson, an American black bear, was born on February 12, 1994. He arrived at PAWS' Galt sanctuary in July of 2003, along with three other black bears, Cinnamon, Oma and Scarface (all since deceased) and a tiger (Nelson Redford, also deceased). The bears and tiger had been confiscated by authorities from conditions of severe neglect in a small, drive-through roadside zoo in Texas. The owner of the dilapidated facility was cited for numerous animal welfare violations, and the animals were taken into protective custody by the Houston SPCA until they were transported to their new, permanent home with PAWS.
Sampson lived in our Galt sanctuary until construction of the Bob Barker Bear Habitat was completed at ARK 2000. He had his very own large habitat filled with native grasses, mature oak trees, a large pool, and soft earth beneath his paws. He was especially fond of acorns and every Fall he would enthusiastically forage under the oak trees to pick up the fallen delicacies. Sampson was known for his very expressive eyebrows, and for sleeping on his back with his legs up in the air. He had a calm and gentle nature, and he was well-loved by his caregivers.
In late October, Sampson's appetite and energy level suddenly decreased and it was obvious that he wasn't feeling well. PAWS' veterinarian, Dr. Gai, called in experts from UC Davis to assist with an abdominal ultrasound examination to look for a possible cause for his illness. They discovered evidence of an inoperable tumor in his stomach. Veterinary and caregiving staff provided extra TLC, including a special diet and supportive medications. Sampson seemed to feel better for a few days after the exam, but his condition soon declined. When it was apparent that his cancer was aggressively spreading, the difficult but most compassionate decision was made to humanely euthanize him to prevent suffering.
Sampson passed peacefully from this life on November 11th, surrounded by many who loved him dearly. He will forever remain in our hearts, a gentle and expressive soul, and a very special bear indeed.
PAWS' co-founder, the late Pat Derby, and African elephant 71, walking through the hills at ARK 2000. Pat and Ed rescued 71 in 1986; she was PAWS' founding elephant. 71 died in 2008 - read about her here.
Pat Derby: A Life Dedicated
to Protecting Captive Wildlife
Pat Derby, co-founder of the Performing Animal Welfare Society, was a champion for captive wild and exotic animals, particularly those used in "entertainment." Working side by side with her partner, current PAWS' president and co-founder Ed Stewart, they set a new standard of care for captive wildlife, including establishing the first elephant sanctuary in the U.S. Sadly, Pat lost a long battle with cancer and passed away on February 15, 2013. But her spirit continues to live in PAWS' rescue, sanctuary, and advocacy work.
Pat's bravery and vision for a better life for captive wildlife helped lay the groundwork for the profound changes we are seeing today, including the public's increasing rejection of the use of wild animals in entertainment, whether elephants and tigers in circuses or orcas in marine parks, and the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus coming to an end. Her battle against the use of cruel elephhant bullhooks has resulted in statewide bans in California and Rhode Island, with PAWS playing an integral role in their passage.
Pat remains an inspiration to everyone at PAWS and to the greater animal protection community. Her determination and fighting spirit continue to drive PAWS' efforts to create a more just and humane world for captive wild animals, each and every day.
PAWS SANCTUARIES
At PAWS Sanctuaries rescued animals live in peaceful, natural habitats, free from fear, chains, and harsh confinement. They are at complete liberty to act out natural behaviors in the comfort of their individually designed enclosures. PAWS' animals are not bred, traded, sold, rented or forced to perform in any way. PAWS educates the entertainment industry, public officials and the general public in humane care and treatment of captive wildlife.
Through our public awareness campaigns, more and more actively concerned individuals are becoming aware of the problems inherent in the breeding of wildlife in captivity and the use of animals in entertainment. Learn More »
Above: Ben the Bear arrived at PAWS in August 2012. Rescued from a roadside zoo in North Carolina, this is Ben today in his habitat at PAWS' ARK 2000 sanctuary. Thanks to generous friends who went shopping on PAWS' Amazon Wish List, he now has a big, new, bright red, heavy-duty Boomer Ball to play with!
Working Together to Help Captive Wildlife: The Story of Ben the Bear
Often, it takes a team of people to help captive wild animals in need. The rescue of Ben, an 18-year-old bear living in the Bob Barker Bear Habitat at PAWS' ARK 2000 sanctuary, is the perfect example. It took concerned citizens, attorneys from leading animal protection organizations, a judge, and FedEx to deliver Ben to his forever home at PAWS seven years ago.
A life of deprivation
To see Ben today, you wouldn't begin to guess the horrors of his previous life as a roadside attraction. Identified only as "Attraction no. 2", for six years he was confined in a 12x22-foot chain link "kennel" (left) with only a concrete floor to walk on. His meals usually consisted of dry dog food, and they were dumped on the very same floor where he urinated and defecated. Ben spent hours repeatedly pacing back and forth, the result of living in utterly deprived conditions. His only distractions were occasional passers-by, a bowling ball, and a few pieces of rotting wood.
The legal team
Fortunately, two local citizens and attorneys from PETA and the Animal Legal Defense Fund came to Ben's aid. In 2012, they filed suit against the facility holding Ben, Jambbas Ranch Tours in Fayetteville, North Carolina. The facility already had numerous citations for violations of the federal Animal Welfare Act. Cumberland County District Judge Kimbrell Tucker heard the case and wisely recognized that Ben's most basic needs were not being met. The judge issued a preliminary injunction that allowed Ben's transfer to PAWS and later made it permanent. (Jambbas Ranch Tours shut down after additional legal action resulted in suspension of its exhibition license.)
The transport team
The transport team, including PAWS President Ed Stewart and the late Dr. Mel Richardson, DVM, traveled to North Carolina to retrieve Ben and safely bring him to our sanctuary. That's where another very important member of Ben's team – FedEx – came in. PAWS is forever grateful to the company for transporting him to California on a plane the flight crew happily dubbed "Bear Force One."
The sanctuary team
As we've said so many times, the rescue of a captive wild animal is just the beginning. It's hard to believe it's been seven years since Ben first stepped into his new habitat – possibly walking on grass for the very first time in his life. Thanks to legendary animal activist and television star Bob Barker, today Ben spends his days immersed in nature (above), walking among shady trees and vegetation, foraging throughout the day, napping when he pleases, and exploring the spacious Bob Barker Bear Habitat. A team of PAWS caregivers sees to it that Ben has everything he needs: a nutritious diet, daily attention, an enriched environment, a visit from the veterinarian when necessary, 24/7 monitoring, and the love and respect he deserves.
Thanks to your support, PAWS stands ready to assemble our team once again to rescue a wild animal in need – animals like Ben, who need and deserve so much better.
The Importance of True Sanctuary
By Catherine Doyle
PAWS Director of Science, Research and Advocacy
I recently heard about a comment made by a zoo employee, who said that PAWS' ARK 2000 sanctuary is "just a bigger zoo." My immediate response was: How superficial! That person really doesn't understand what a sanctuary is all about. Obviously, space is important, especially when you're caring for the planet's largest land mammal. Elephants need room to move and stay healthy. But there are many factors that distinguish PAWS from other captive institutions.
Animals come first
We are here to serve the wild animals in our care; their welfare is our primary concern. PAWS holds the highest standards of care for the animals, provided by a dedicated caregiver staff and veterinary team. The animals are cared for 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, and treated with the respect they deserve.
Different role of confinement
At ARK 2000 we use confinement to protect and better serve the animals, rather than control and display them for human amusement. PAWS openly acknowledges that even the greatly improved conditions we provide are still not enough to meet the needs of wild animals. As PAWS President Ed Stewart has said, "The only "state of the art" place for elephants, bears, big cats and other animals is the wild."
Safe haven for life
A true captive wildlife sanctuary does not breed, buy, trade, sell or otherwise exploit animals. The animals who come to ARK 2000 will remain in our care for the rest of their lives. Important social bonds are respected and will remain undisturbed.
Focus on the individual
Our animals do not perform, and the public is never in direct contact with them – no selfies, feeding, or other so-called "educational" encounters. PAWS' focus is on the individual for the sake of that animal only. They are not ambassadors for their species nor are they on display to send a message. If there is any message, it is that the situations these animals were rescued from, and the abuse and deprivations some of them suffered, should not be allowed to exist.
Dynamic spaces
Larger spaces allow for more environmental complexity and more choice for the animals, whether it is engaging in self-directed activities or choosing to be closer to or farther from companions. At ARK 2000 the animals are immersed in complex natural areas that change with the seasons, effecting different behavioral opportunities and sensory experiences.
Quiet of nature
A large, natural habitat sanctuary offers subtle benefits: the quiet of living in nature, more intrusion-free lives, the relaxation that comes from no longer being exposed to the pressures of close confinement and social stress, privacy, and expanded visual, auditory and olfactory experiences.
Emphasis on rehabilitation
PAWS strives to help elephants be elephants, tigers be tigers, and bears be bears. Natural environments filled with grass, shady trees, bushes and lakes allow the animals to actively engage in instinctive behaviors such as foraging, swimming, exploring, climbing, socializing, or simply napping in the sun. Our patient and caring staff is there to support the animals and enable their remarkable transformation to the vibrant and thriving animals they are today.
View of captivity
PAWS seeks to create a deeper understanding of the problematic nature of captivity for wild animals and works to end the systems of abuse and exploitation that have created the need for sanctuaries to begin with. Captivity is not normal and we should not idealize it, even with the best of conditions. Wild animals belong in the wild, protected and respected.
As you can see, PAWS is much, much more than just a "bigger zoo." It is a place that offers a new lease on life for the elephants, big cats, bears and other wild animals currently in our care – and those yet to come. It is also a place where each animal is respected as an individual with her or his own inherent value, and whose welfare and needs will always come first.
Thank you Amazon "Wish List" Donors
OCTOBER DONORS - Saul Cervantes: one 25 lb. bag of peanuts in the shell. Carole Bognar: one bottle CosequinDS, 132#. Ben Sun: one Probiocin. Debbie Kelly: one 5 lb. tub of Psyllium; one 25 lb. bag of peanuts in the shell. Linda Starr: one 10 lb. tub of Psyllium. Thomas C. Dickson: two 25 lb. bags of peanuts in the shell. Martha Lawler, Kim Marie Campbell: two 24-packs of AA batteries. Patricia D. Adler Cartozian: one bottle of Renal Essentials, 60#; one Probiocin; one 5 lb. tub of Psyllium; one 5 lb. bag of Missing Link. Ryan and Lynn Coplen: one CranAnidin, 75#; two Presto Pop Lite popcorn poppers; two 5 lb. bags of Missing Link. Anonymous Donors: two 25 lb. bags of peanuts in the shell; 10 bottles of Emcelle Tocopherol.
NOVEMBER DONORS - Carole Bognar: one bottle of CosequinDS, 132#; one Probiocin. Nancy Gordon: six bottles of Renal Essentials, 60#. Linda Starr: one bag of Pill Pockets, 60#; one box of Denamarin, 30#; one 20 lb. tub of Psyllium. Joy L. Holman: one five lb. tub of Psyllium. Joy Parker Lee: one five lb. tub of Psyllium. Leslie Hafemeister: one Probiocin. Ryan Coplen: two 10 lb. bags of Missing Link Skin & Coat. Anonymous Donors: two boxes of Denamarin, 30#; one 10 lb. bag of Missing Link Skin & Coat.
VIEW OUR AMAZON WISH LIST
View wish list items that are needed, but not included on our Amazon list here.
Performing Animal Welfare Society
PO Box 849, Galt, CA 95632
(209) 745-2606 Office/Sanctuary
info@pawsweb.org
Copyright Performing Animal Welfare Society. All Rights Reserved. Copyright for photos belongs solely to PAWS.
Images may not be copied, downloaded, or used in any way without permission.
Home | About PAWS | PAWS Wildlife Sanctuaries | PAWS Gift Shop | Support PAWS | News & Events | Education | Contact Us | Site Map
Website design by NetPilot Web Solutions - Sacramento Web Design


The Visual Arts Section looks at the representation of Roma in Western art, traces the development and institutionalisation of 'Roma art' since the 1960s and presents the work of important contemporary Romani artists. In addition to art historical research and artist portraits, the section will encompass collections of catalogues, flyers, installation views of exhibitions and documentation of artistic interventions over the last fifty years. Furthermore, the archive section will include three online exhibitions curated by Daniel Baker, Delaine Le Bas and Suzana Milevska.


March 22, 2018 - Daylight-powered microbe-killing masks and suits may someday help protect health workers from deadly germs like Ebola, according to new research.
Scientists have developed membranes that produce a tiny bit of disinfecting hydrogen peroxide when exposed to light. They could find their way into food packaging as well, the researchers say, helping cut down on foodborne diseases. The research is published in the journal Science Advances.
Nearly 500 health workers died during the 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa. Front-line caregivers wear full-body protective suits when they come into contact with patients with virulent diseases, but the process of removing the gear is a prime opportunity for infection if the surface is contaminated. "If there's any live bacteria or virus on the surface, it's still transmissible and could cause infection," said University of California, Davis, researcher Gang Sun.
A health worker sprays a colleague with disinfectant during a training session for Congolese health workers to deal with Ebola virus in Kinshasa, Oct. 21, 2014. The process of removing the full-body protective suit is a prime opportunity for infection if the surface of the gear is contaminated.
Sun and colleagues developed membranes that could line the outside of that protective gear. When exposed to daylight, molecules on the surface of these membranes react with oxygen in the air to produce small amounts of hydrogen peroxide — less than what you'd use to remove laundry stains, but enough to kill germs, according to Sun. "The approach is quite novel," said University of Maryland food scientist Rohan Tikekar, who was not involved with this research. He says others have developed materials that produce disinfecting chemicals, but most only work under high-energy ultraviolet light.
The new membrane also works in the dark, for at least an hour or two, thanks to chemical properties that recharge its germ-killing powers. "That is a really significant improvement," Tikekar added. In addition to coating protective gear for health workers, Sun says adding a layer of this material to fresh-produce packaging could reduce contamination and prolong storage life. Some versions of the material use natural compounds. Sun says one of the next steps is to make it edible.
13 Sept.`18 - A new study suggests that ingesting even a single piece of plastic can be deadly for sea turtles.
Researchers found there was a one in five chance of death for a turtle who consumed just one item - rising to 50% for 14 pieces. The team found that younger turtles are at a higher risk of dying from exposure to plastic than adults. The authors say their research raises concerns over the long term survival of some turtle species. The never ending surge of plastic into the world's oceans is taking an increasing toll on iconic marine species. While it has been relatively straightforward for researchers to document the threat to animals who become entangled in plastic and drown, determining the impact of consumed plastic is much harder.
The authors of this study estimate that ]half of all the sea turtles on the planet have ingested plastic - this rises to 90% among juvenile green sea turtles off the coast of Brazil. To determine how this exposure was impacting the species, the researchers looked at post mortem reports and animal stranding records relating to sea turtles in Queensland. From that information they were able to deduce the role of plastic in causing death - if an animal had ingested more than 200 pieces of plastic, death was inevitable.
Fourteen pieces meant a 50% chance of dying - while one piece gave a 22% chance of mortality. "Because of their digestive tract, they don't regurgitate anything," lead author Dr Britta Denise Hardesty from Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), told BBC News. "If it ends up in the wrong place, even one little thin, filmy piece of plastic can block that canal and mean that nothing can pass and ultimately the blockage can result in death." As well as causing blockages, harder pieces caused internal injuries which often lead to death as well.
The research team also found that younger turtles were taking in far more plastic than adults. Around 23% of juveniles and 54% of post-hatchling turtles had ingested plastic compared to 16% of adults. The scientists say that this greater susceptibility is down to where they live and how they feed. "Young small turtles actually drift and float with the ocean currents as does much of the buoyant, small lightweight plastic," said Dr Hardesty. "We think that small turtles are less selective in what they eat than large adults who eat sea grass and crustaceans, the young turtles are out in the oceanic area offshore and the older animals are feeding in closer to shore."
Plastic pollution is probably my biggest environmental passion/interest out there and here are just a few simple pictures that help tell the story. There are so many more pictures and points to be made but I just wanted to get this started first.


text:
<?php

/**
 * @see PHPUnite_Framework_TestCase
 */
require_once 'PHPUnit/Framework/TestCase.php';

/**
 * @see Zym_Auth_Adapter_Mock
 */
require_once 'Zym/Auth/Adapter/Mock.php';

/**
 * Zym_Auth_Adapter_Mock
 *
 * @author     Geoffrey Tran
 * @category   Zym_Tests
 * @package    Zym_Auth
 * @subpackage Adapter
 * @license    http://www.zym-project.com/license    New BSD License
 * @copyright  Copyright (c) 2008 Zym. (http://www.zym-project.com/)
 */
class Zym_Auth_Adapter_MockTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
{
    /**
     * Prepares the environment before running a test.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    protected function setUp()
    {
    }

    /**
     * Tear down the environment after running a test
     *
     * @return void
     */
    protected function tearDown()
    {
    }

    public function testConstruct()
    {
        $mock = new Zym_Auth_Adapter_Mock();
    }

    public function testConstructSetsOptions()
    {
        $mock = new Zym_Auth_Adapter_Mock(Zend_Auth_Result::SUCCESS, 'test', array('message'));
        $this->assertEquals(Zend_Auth_Result::SUCCESS, $mock->getCode());
        $this->assertEquals('test', $mock->getIdentity());
        $this->assertEquals(array('message'), $mock->getMessages());
    }

    public function testAuthenticateReturnsResult()
    {
        $mock = new Zym_Auth_Adapter_Mock(Zend_Auth_Result::SUCCESS, 'test', array('message'));
        $result = $mock->authenticate();

        $this->assertEquals(Zend_Auth_Result::SUCCESS, $result->getCode());
        $this->assertEquals('test', $result->getIdentity());
        $this->assertEquals(array('message'), $result->getMessages());
    }

    public function testGetCodeReturnsCode()
    {
        $mock = new Zym_Auth_Adapter_Mock(Zend_Auth_Result::SUCCESS, 'test', array('message'));

        $this->assertEquals(Zend_Auth_Result::SUCCESS, $mock->getCode());
    }

    public function testSetCodeIsFluent()
    {
        $mock = new Zym_Auth_Adapter_Mock();
        $instance = $mock->setCode(Zend_Auth_Result::SUCCESS);

        $this->assertSame($mock, $instance);
    }

    public function testSetCode()
    {
        $mock = new Zym_Auth_Adapter_Mock();
        $mock->setCode(Zend_Auth_Result::SUCCESS);

        $this->assertSame(Zend_Auth_Result::SUCCESS, $mock->getCode());
    }

    public function testGetIdentity()
    {
        $mock = new Zym_Auth_Adapter_Mock(Zend_Auth_Result::SUCCESS, 'test', array('message'));

        $this->assertEquals('test', $mock->getIdentity());
    }

    public function testSetIdentityIsFluent()
    {
        $mock = new Zym_Auth_Adapter_Mock();
        $instance = $mock->setIdentity('test');

        $this->assertSame($mock, $instance);
    }

    public function testSetIdentity()
    {
        $mock = new Zym_Auth_Adapter_Mock();
        $mock->setIdentity('test');

        $this->assertSame('test', $mock->getIdentity());
    }

    public function testGetMessages()
    {
        $mock = new Zym_Auth_Adapter_Mock(Zend_Auth_Result::SUCCESS, 'test', array('message'));

        $this->assertEquals(array('message'), $mock->getMessages());
    }

    public function testSetMessagesIsFluent()
    {
        $mock = new Zym_Auth_Adapter_Mock();
        $instance = $mock->setMessages(array());

        $this->assertSame($mock, $instance);
    }

    public function testSetMessages()
    {
        $mock = new Zym_Auth_Adapter_Mock();
        $mock->setMessages(array('message'));

        $this->assertSame(array('message'), $mock->getMessages());
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Drama TV Shows - 1990s 1 Min Read
In 1990 Zorro galloped back onto the small screen once again in this new, rather straightforward version on The Family Channel.
Filmed in Spain, it starred Duncan Regehr as the masked rider.
At first, Efrem Zimbalist Jr played his father, but he was replaced shortly after the premiere by Henry Darrow, who had himself worn the black mask in CBS' Zorro and Son.
Felipe (Juan Diego Botto) was Zorro's mute aide, Victoria (Patrice Cahmi Martinez) his love interest, and The Alcalde the villainous ruler of old Los Angeles.
The first Alcalde, Ramone (Michael Tylo), killed because of his own greed in 1991, was replaced by DeSoto (John Hertzler), a politically obsessed schemer who had been a student in Madrid with Don Diego.
Don Diego de la Vega (Zorro)
Duncan Regehr
Don Alejandro Sebastian de la Vega
Efrem Zimbalist Jr (1)
Henry Darrow (2)
Victoria Scalanti
Patrice Cahmi Martinez
Sgt. Hymen Mendoza
James Victor
The Alcalde (Luis Ramone)
Michael Tylo
The Alcalde (Ignacio DeSoto)
John Hertzler
Juan Diego Botto
Dombey and Son 1 9 8 3 (UK) 10 x 30 minute episodes When stern and distant shipping magnate Paul Dombey (an imperious performance…
Batman: The Animated Series 1 9 9 2 - 1 9 9 5 (USA) 85 x 25 minute episodes Batman: The Animated Series, darkly noir-ish…
Big Valley, The 1 9 6 5 - 1 9 6 9 (USA) 112 x 50 minute episodes Rich but hard-headed widow Victoria Barkley…
Black Arrow, The 1 9 7 2 - 1 9 7 5 (UK) 20 x 30 minute episodes Black Arrow was a lone figure…
Hotel 1 9 8 3 - 1 9 8 8 (USA) 116 x 60 minute episodes A popular ABC night-time soap/ drama…
Capstick's Law 1 9 8 9 (UK) 6 x 50 minute episodes This drama series from Granada told the continuing saga of a…
Family Holvak, The 1 9 7 5 (USA) 13 x 60 minute episodes Reverend Tom Holvak (Glenn Ford) and his family - wife Elizabeth…
Cisco Kid, The 1 9 5 0 - 1 9 5 6 (USA) 156 x 30 minute episodes One of television's earliest western series…
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Two Thousand Maniacs (1964)
Tom White (William Kerwin, billed here as Thomas Wood) and Terry […]
1 9 8 1 – 1 9 8 7 (USA) 146 x 60 minute episodes Hill […]
Fireside Theatre
1 9 4 9 – 1 9 6 3 (USA) Fireside Theatre was one of the […]
Grandmaster Flash & The Furious Five
Grandmaster Flash (real name Joseph Saddler) built a formidable […]
1 9 8 1 (UK) 6 x 60 minute episodes This Tuesday night drama […]
Animal Farm (1954)
This on-target animated cartoon faithfully based on George […]


In rich sour cream sauce over pasta. 26 g of protein. US inspected and passed by Department of Agriculture. The beautiful foods company. We'd love to hear from you! Call us at 1-855-871-9977 (M-F) or visit www.BostonMarketatHome.com.
Breaded chicken tenderloins in a zesty sesame orange sauce with vegetables and brown rice. 11 g of protein. Inspected for wholesomeness by US Department of Agriculture. 250 calories. 6 g fat. 4 g fiber. 11 g protein. Weightwatchers: Ready for a fresh start? Weight Watchers can help. Learn more about our simple, straightforward program to lose weight at weightwatchers.com. 8 SmartPoints value. No Preservatives: Freezing is a simple way to keep fresh. That's why we don't add preservatives to this entree and you can have delicious cuisine all year long! Learn more & sign-up for savings at eatyourbest.com. Facebook. Pinterest. Quality Pledge: Smart Ones is committed to providing the highest quality experience with our products. We welcome your comments. Please have the package with you when you call. Phone Us: 1-800-762-0228, Monday-Friday. Write Us: Heinz North America, Consumer Affairs, PO Box 57, Pittsburgh, PA 15230. Visit Us Online: www.EatYourBest.com.
Pasta smothered in a smooth & creamy vermont white cheddar cheese sauce. A Big Bowl of Comfort: Made with real cream for our creamiest and cheesiest Mac & Cheese. Vermont white cheddar combined with aged parmesan. Per Meal: 570 calories; 13 g sat fat (65% DV); 1230 mg sodium (53% DV); 5 g total sugars. 21 g of protein. No artificial preservatives. No artificial flavors. No artificial colors. Smartlabel: Scan for more food information. Questions or comments, visit us at www.mariecallendersmeals.com or call Mon.-Fri., 1-800-595-7010 (except national holidays). Please have entire package available when you call so we may gather information off the label. how2recycle.info.
Dinner Size: 1 ounce. 18 approx count. All natural (No artificial ingredients. Minimally processed - except for textured soy flour). Gluten free. Milk free. Beef raised with no antibiotics or growth hormones. US inspected and passed by Department of Agriculture. No artificial colors and flavors. No MSG. www.CookedPerfect.com. Facebook.
With ricotta cheese filling, zucchini & spinach in a marinara sauce. 13 g of protein. 300 calories. 10 g fat. 7 g fiber. 13 g protein. Weightwatchers: Ready for a fresh start? Weight Watchers can help. Learn more about our simple, straightforward program to lose weight at weightwatchers.com. 9 SmartPoints value. No Preservatives: Freezing is a simple way to keep foods fresh. That's why we don't add preservatives to this entree and you can have delicious cuisine all year long! Plus, this entree is vegetarian. Learn more & sign-up for savings at eatyourbest.com. Facebook. Pinterest. Quality Pledge: Smart Ones is committed to providing the highest quality experience with our products. We welcome your comments. Please have the package with you when you call. Phone Us: 1-800-762-0228, Monday-Friday. Write Us: Heinz North America, Consumer Affairs, PO Box 57, Pittsburgh, PA 15230. Visit Us Online: www.EatYourBest.com.
1/2 ounce. Flame broiled. US inspected and passed by Department of Agriculture. Thank you for purchasing Cooked Perfect Italian Style Meatballs. We use only the finest ingredients, seasoned with a custom blend of herbs and spices, then flame broiled to sear in the natural meat flavors and juices. The result is exceptional taste and quality that are just like homemade. One taste and you'll never feel the need to make meatballs from scratch again. We serve our Italian Style Meatballs to our own families, so you can feel confident serving them to yours. - The Cooked Perfect Team. For more delicious recipes, visit our website www.CookedPerfect.com. Facebook. No artificial color and flavor. No MSG. www.CookedPerfect.com.
Newman's Own® All Natural* Beef & Broccoli Complete Skillet Meal For Two. All profits to charity. Seasoned beef & broccoli in a savory garlic soy sauce. Ready in 10 minutes on stove top. U.S. Inspected and passed by Department of Agriculture. *No artificial ingredients. Only minimally processed. Our beef & broccoli complete skillet meal for two is a naturally delicious blend of broccoli and premium beef in a savory garlic soy sauce. It's a restaurant quality meal you just have to heat up! All profits to charity: Newman's Own foundation continues Paul Newman's commitment to donate all royalties and after tax profits from this product for charitable purposes. Paul Newman and Newman's Own foundation have given over $400 million to thousands of charities since 1982. *Minimally processed. No artificial ingredients. Learn more at newmansownfoundation.org. To learn more, visit newmansown.com. ©Newman's Own, Inc.
Lean Cuisine® Market Place Cheese Tortellini with Red Pepper Sauce. Cheese tortellini in a roasted red pepper sauce with aged parmesan cheese. Made with organic red bell peppers & tomatoes. Per package: 300 Calories. 3.5 g Sat fat, 18% DV. 610mg Sodium, 25% DV. 7g Sugars. 12g Protein, 21% DV. Vitamin C 30% DV. Net Wt 7 3/4 oz (219 g). The rel deal: "This dish is prepared and then frozen immediately. We don't add any artificial colors, flavors or preservatives when we make or freeze this dish". Aged cheese. Organic roasted red pepper. Organic tomatoes. Organic garlic puree. A drizzle of organic extra virgin olive oil. Basil leaves. Cheese tortellini. Nestle® - Good food, good life. Nutritional compass®. Thoughtful portion™: 1 Portion = 1 dish. For a balanced menu, enjoy with a piece of fruit and a glass of low-fat milk. No GMO ingredients™. Certified Organic by Oregon Tilth. Please recycle this carton. All trademarks are owned by Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A., Vevey, Switzerland, or used with permission. Lean on us: If you want to hear more about our ingredients or have any questions, please text or call us at 1-800-993-8625. www.leancuisine.com or www.nestleusa.com.
Pasta made from vegetables. 1 serving of vegetables per serving. No artificial ingredients. Perfectly cooks in the bag! Fresh frozen vegetables. Per 1-1/4 Cups: 140 calories; 0 g sat fat (0% DV); 160 mg sodium (7% DV); less than 1 g sugars. New! Questions or comments? 1-888-327-9060 M-F 9:00AM - 5:00PM EST www.birdseyes.com.
Potato and cauliflower mash with mushroom gravy, vegetables & lentils. New. Made with organic cauliflower & carrots. Per package: 150 calories; 1.5 g sat fat (8% DV); 680 mg sodium (30% DV); 6 g total sugars; vitamin C (25% DV). 1 cup veg. Oregon tilth. Certified organic by Oregon Tilth. No GMO ingredients (National organic program regulation do not allow the use of GMO ingredients). More than 4 million pounds of organic vegetables are harvested for our Lean Cuisine dishes each year, so that you can eat the way you want to eat. - Kristina H., Ingredient Specialist. Nestle. Good food, good life. Thoughtful portion. 1 portion = 1 dish. For a balanced menu, enjoy with a piece of fruit or side salad. Lean on us. If you want to hear more about our ingredients or have any questions, please text of call us at 1-800-993-8625 leancusine.com or nestleusa.com. Nutritional compass. SmartLabel. Scan for more info. how2recycle.info.
4 servings per box. Net wt 8.6 oz (245 g) of tasty, nutritious noodle goodness. Just noodles. Gluten free. Good source of fiber. Low sodium. Non GMO Project verified. nongmoproject.org. Per Serving: 216 calories; 0 g sat fat (0% DV); 115 mg sodium (5% DV); 1 g sugar; 3 g fiber (10% DV); 4 g protein. No preservatives. Steamed not fried. All natural ingredients. Giddy About Noodles: When friends ask me about our Vietnamese Brown Rice Noodles with Green Tea, I get giddy. It is my chance to share something I really love. Check out our noodles, admire the flakes of brown rice, taste the green tea. You will get giddy too and want to eat them all day long. We created and perfected our brown rice noodles with two goals in mind - high nutritional value and great taste. My partner Thao and I created our company Star Anise Foods from our love of traditional Vietnamese food. We want to encourage sustainable farming in Vietnam, create opportunities for women and share Thao's family recipe. Most importantly, we are committed to using only wholesome, premium ingredients in our products. Our products are quick and easy to make, delicious, gluten free, low sodium, and nutritious. We only use wholesome, premium, all natural ingredients. Our packaging is made of 100% recycled paperboard. Try our new product! You'll be hooked. Enjoy - Karen, Co-Founder. Ancient Green Tea Leaves: Our Vietnamese Brown Rice Noodles with Green Tea are made of nutritious brown rice infused with a special green tea. Found only in the steep mountains of northern Vietnam at altitudes of 4,000-5,000 feet above sea level, the Shan Tuyet Green Tea trees can live 500 years. Their leaves, naturally low in caffeine, provide that extraordinary flavor unique to our noodles. Enjoy our delicious, versatile Just Noodles in a quick stir fry, savory soup or cold noodle salad. For additional tasty, healthy recipes for the Vietnamese Brown Rice Noodles with Green Tea please visit our website at www.StarAniseFoods.com. Tell us what you think www.StarAniseFoods.com. Printed on 100% recycled paperboard. Star Anise Foods care about the environment. Please recycle. Please visit our website www.StarAniseFoods.com to learn more about our commitment to the environment. Product from the farmers of Vietnam.
Newman's Own® All Natural* Chicken Fettuccini Alfredo Complete Skillet Meal For Two. All profits to charity. Freshly made pasta and white chicken meat with peppers and portobello mushrooms in an alfredo sauce. Ready in 10 minutes on stove top. Inspected for wholesomeness by U.S. Department of Agriculture. Made with freshly made pasta. Serves two. *No artificial ingredients. Only minimally processed. Our Chicken Fettuccini Alfredo Complete Skillet Meal For Two is naturally delicious and made with premium white meat chicken, freshly made fettuccini, peppers and portobello mushrooms in a creamy Newman's Own alfredo sauce. It's a restaurant quality meal you just have to heat up! All profits to charity: Newman's Own Foundation continues Paul Newman's commitment to donate all royalties and after tax profits from this product for charitable purposes. Paul Newman and Newman's Own Foundation have given over $400 million to thousands of charities since 1982. Learn more at newmansownfoundation.org. To learn more, visit newmansown.com. ©Newman's Own, Inc.
Newman's Own® All Natural* Chicken Parmigiana & Penne Complete Skillet Meal For Two. All profits to charity. Freshly made pasta and breaded chicken breast in a tomato mozzarella sauce. Ready in 10 minutes on stove top. Made with freshly made pasta. Inspected for wholesomeness by U.S. Department of Agriculture. Serves two. *No artificial ingredients. Only minimally processed. Our Chicken Parmigiana & Penne Complete Skillet Meal For Two is naturally delicious, with premium breaded white meat chicken, freshly made penne and Newman's Own full-of-flavor pasta sauce only we could make. Don't try this at home, kids. It's a restaurant quality meal that you just have to heat up. All profits to charity: Newman's Own Foundation continues Paul Newman's commitment to donate all royalties and after tax profits from this product for charitable purposes. Paul Newman and Newman's Own Foundation have given over $400 million to thousands of charities since 1982. Learn more at newmansownfoundation.org. To learn more, visit newmansown.com. ©Newman's Own, Inc.
With Ricotta in Herb Marinade. Gourmet. Certified gluten-free. Gluten-free certification via the Gluten Intolerance Group of North America. www.gfco.org. Made with rBST free cheese (No significant difference has been shown between milk from rBST treated cows and non rBST treated cows). Our cheese comes from cows that are caringly raised and never treated with rBST hormones (No significant difference has been shown between milk from rBST treated cows and non rBST treated cows) or antibiotics. 17 g protein. Vegetarian. New look! Italian Style Stuffed Shells: We've given this Italian style classic a gluten-free makeover and it tastes even better than you remember! We start with gluten-free pasta shells made from our favorite family recipe. Then, we fill each one with creamy ricotta, parmesan, herbs and spices. Finally, we drizzle on our rich gourmet herb marinara sauce and top it all off with melted mozzarella cheese, for a taste so tempting you'll be back for more. Caesar's Kitchen's humble story began in 1967 as a family business that brought the goodness and comfort of home-cooked meals into people's hearts and homes. Three generations later, our dedication to honest, simple ingredients still rings true. Our mouth-watering meals provide adventurous takes on enticing classics in wholesome organic goodness or taste-defying gluten-free gourmet options. We invite you to share our love with those you love. Try our other delicious line. Organic goodness. Try our other delicious line organic goodness. Facebook; Twitter; Instagram. CaesarsKitchen.com. For more information visit www.CaesarsKitchen.com. Questions: 1-888-43-Caesar. Product of USA.
Weight Watchers Smart Ones® Cheesy Scramble with Hash Browns. Tasty American favorites. Scrambled egg whites with cheddar, monterey jack and reduced fat mozzarella cheeses with a side of Ore Ida® homestyle hash browns. 14g of protein. 210 calories. 7g fat. 4g fiber. 14g protein. Ready for a fresh start Weight Watchers can help. Learn more about our simple, straightforward program to lose weight at weightwatchers.com. 6 Smart Points Value™. Weight Watchers on food and beverages is the registered trademark of WW Foods, LLC. Weight Watchers for services is the registered trademark of Weight Watchers International, Inc. Smart Points is the trademark of Weight Watchers International, Inc. Trademarks are used under license by H.J. Heinz Company, L.P. ©2015 Weight Watchers International, Inc. All rights reserved. Balanced: Smart Ones is committed to providing you with a variety of great foods that are both delicious and wholesome! Plus, this entree is gluten free. Learn more & sign-up for savings at eatyourbest.com. Quality pledge: Smart Ones® is committed to providing the highest quality experience with our products. We welcome your comments. Please have the package with you when you call. Phone us 1-800-762-0228, Monday - Friday. Write us Heinz North America, Consumer Affairs, P.O. Box 57, Pittsburgh, PA 15230. Visit us online www.eatyourbest.com. ©2015 H.J. Heinz Company Brands LLC.
Newman's Own® All Natural* General Paul's Chicken Complete Skillet Meal For Two. All profits to charity. Battered white chicken meat and vegetables in a sweet and spicy sauce. Ready in 10 minutes on stove top. Inspected for wholesomeness by U.S. Department of Agriculture. Serves two. *No artificial ingredients. Only minimally processed. Our general Paul's Chicken Complete Skillet Meal For Two is naturally delicious and made with battered white meat chicken, broccoli and red bell peppers in a sweet & spicy sauce. It's a restaurant quality meal you just have to heat up! All profits to charity: Newman's Own foundation continues Paul Newman's commitment to donate all royalties and after tax profits from this product for charitable purposes. Paul Newman and Newman's Own foundation have given over $400 million to thousands of charities since 1982. *Minimally processed. No artificial ingredients. Learn more at newmansownfoundation.org. To learn more, visit newmansown.com. ©Newman's Own, Inc.
Healthy Choice® Cafe Steamers® Spaghetti & Meatballs. Freshly-made spaghetti with meatballs in a marinara sauce. No preservatives. U.S Inspected and passed by Department of Agriculture. Per meal: 280 Calories. 2.5g Sat. fat, 13% DV. 410mg Sodium, 18% DV. 5g Total sugars. Net Wt 9.5 oz (269 g). Weight watchers® smart points® value: 8*. *The Smart Points® value for this product was calculated by Conagra Brands, and is provided for informational purposes only. how2recycle.info. Please have entire package available when you call so we may gather information off the label. Questions or Comments, Call 1-800-323-9980 (except national holidays) Mon.- Fri., or Visit us at www.healthychoice.com.
Made with organic vegetables & black beans. 5 g fat. 250 calories. 4 g fiber. Gluten free. No genetically engineered ingredients. No GMOs. Some Amy's customers prefer to eat light. In response to their requests, our chefs created a new line of meals that are low in fat and calories, yet tasty and satisfying. Containing less than 300 calories, and made with natural and organic ingredients, Amy's Light & Lean meals taste great, and should be welcomed by anyone looking for a delicious light meal. To make Amy's Light & Lean Black Bean and Cheese Enchilada we add a mixture of organic black beans, tofu, rice, vegetables and cheese onto an organic corn tortilla. We then fold the tortilla by hand and cover it with a flavorful blend of tomatillo and ranchero sauces. On the side, organic rice with carrots and sweet corn complete this great tasting, gluten free meal that contains only 250 calories. Try our other Light & Lean Meals: Bean & Cheese Burrito, Cheese Pizza, Italian Roasted Vegetable Pizza, Macaroni & Cheese, Mattar Paneer, Meatless Swedish Meatballs, Pasta & Veggies, Quinoa & Black Beans, Roasted Polenta, Soft Taco Fiesta, Spaghetti Italiano, Spinach Lasagna, Sweet & Sour Asian Noodle and 3 Cheese Penne Marinara. 0 g trans fat. No added MSG. No preservatives. No GMOs - no genetically engineered ingredients. All dairy ingredients are made with pasteurized, rBST hormone-free milk and do not contain animal enzymes or animal rennet. We like hearing from you. If you have any questions or comments, please write to us. Amy's Kitchen Inc., P.O. Box 449 Petaluma, CA 94953. Certified organic by QAI. Quality Assurance International. Certified organic. Carton is made from 100% recycled paperboard. Carton is recyclable. Find out more about our products, our company, our family, and what makes Amy's food so special at www.amys.com. After the birth of our daughter Amy in 1987 we found there was little time to prepare the wholesome nutritious food we normally ate. Realizing there were others like ourselves, we set up Amy's Kitchen to produce delicious, nourishing frozen meals for health-conscious people too busy to cook. Our products are made with the finest organic ingredients and prepared with the same careful attention in our kitchen as you would use in your own home. No meat, fish, shellfish, poultry, eggs or peanuts are ever used in any Amy's products. Made in USA.
Weight Watchers® Smart Ones® Smart Anytime Chicken Ranchero. 220 calories. 6g fat. 7g fiber. 12g protein. Smart mini wraps. Grilled white meat chicken with a bold salsa, cheddar & jack cheeses, bell peppers and fire-roasted onions in a soft tortilla. 5 PointsPlus value™. 2 servings. See cooking instructions. 4-2 oz (56g) wraps. Inspected for wholesomeness by U.S. department of agriculture. Whole grain™. 8g or more per serving. Wholegraincouncil.org. Eat 48g or more of whole grains daily. Learn more & sign-up for savings. Eatyourbest.com. Food with principles... Smart Ones is committed to providing smart food choices to support you while managing your weight. That's why we follow a set of six smart eating principles when creating food for you. We promise to be there throughout the day with smart breakfasts, snacks, meals and desserts inspired by these principles: 1. Portion control so you can eat the foods you love. 2. Breakfast is crucial, because it starts your day right & helps control hunger. 3. Smart eating includes a variety of foods with protein. 4. Whole grains, fruit and vegetables can keep you fuller, longer. 5. Smart desserts and snacks can help you stay on track. 6. Support and knowledge are critical to making smart food choices. Check out the Weight Watchers® PointsPlus® program - your winning formula to help you lose weight and keep it off. To learn more, visit weightwatchers.com or call 1 (800) 410-1199 today. Weight Watchers on food and beverages is the registered trademark of WW Foods, LLC. Weight Watchers for services and PointsPlus are the registered trademarks of Weight Watchers International, Inc. Trademarks are used under license by H.J. Heinz Company, L.P. ©2011 Weight Watchers International, Inc. All rights reserved. Quality pledge: Smart Ones is committed to providing the highest quality experience with our products. We welcome your comments. Please have the package with you when you call. Phone us 1-800-762-0228, Monday-Friday write us Heinz North America, Consumer Affairs, P.O. Box 57, Pittsburgh, PA 15230. Visit us online www.eatyourbest.com. ©2011.
Penne pasta with a spicy tomato basil sauce & parmesan cheese. Made with organic pasta & tomatoes. No GMO ingredients. Per Package: 240 calories; 2.5 g sat fat (13% DV); 660 mg sodium (28% DV); 11 g sugars. Please recycle this carton. The Real Deal: This dish is prepared and then frozen immediately. We don't add any artificial colors, flavors or preservatives when we make or freeze this dish. - Sue B. recipe designer. Oregon Tilth. Made with organic pasta and tomatoes. Check out our ingredient list on the side! Organic tomatoes. Organic penne pasta. Basil leaves. Aged parmesan. Extra virgin olive oil. Crushed red peppers. Nutritional Compass: Nestle - Good food, good life. Thoughtful Portion: 1 portion = 1 entree. For a balanced menu, enjoy with a side salad. Lean on Us: If you want to hear more about our ingredients or have any questions, please text or call us at 1-800-993-8625. leancuisine.com or nestleusa.com. Facebook. Certified organic by Oregon Tilth.


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Diseases of the Elderberry
By: Jennifer Loucks
elderberries image by Alison Bowden from Fotolia.com
The elderberry plant is a large shrub or tree that is native to North America. The tree is known for the production of small vitamin-rich berries that are used in jams, jellies and desserts. Elderberry trees grow best when planted in a well-draining, nutrient-rich soil in an open area that has proper air circulation. These growing conditions will keep the tree healthy and prevent the introduction of disease.
Tomato Ringspot Virus
According to the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, tomato ringspot virus is the most serious disease that affects elderberry trees. The viral disease weakens the plant, which results in a decrease of fruit production and eventually the death of the tree. Tomato ringspot is spread by roundworms in the soil and through the transfer of pollen. Prevention of the virus involves testing the soil for the presence of roundworms prior to planting elderberry trees and eliminating wild-growing elderberry trees in a 100-foot radius, as they can carry the disease. Eliminate roundworms by fumigating the soil prior to planting new trees.
The elderberry plant is a large shrub or tree that is native to North America.
Prevention of the virus involves testing the soil for the presence of roundworms prior to planting elderberry trees and eliminating wild-growing elderberry trees in a 100-foot radius, as they can carry the disease.
Twig Canker
Twig canker is a fungal disease that creates a canker girdle on the stem of the tree and causes tree growth above the canker to die. An elderberry tree becomes infected with the fungus when stressful conditions such as injury, flooding or drought cause the tree to weaken in health. Elimination of a twig canker infection involves pruning to remove diseased stems and branches. Oklahoma State University Extension Service recommends that pruned branches be disposed of by burning or placing them in the garbage to prevent the spread to other plants. Disinfect the pruning tools with a solution of nine parts water and one part bleach after removing diseased branches.
Powdery mildew is a fungus that infects the leaves, canes and berries of the elderberry plant in late summer through early fall. The berries of an infected plant will be gray in color from the presence of the powdery fungus. Oklahoma State University Extension Service lists powdery mildew as not a serious problem to the tree; however, infected leaves should be removed and destroyed in the fall season to prevent the pathogen from wintering over in the soil below the tree.
Twig canker is a fungal disease that creates a canker girdle on the stem of the tree and causes tree growth above the canker to die.
Oklahoma State University Extension Service lists powdery mildew as not a serious problem to the tree; however, infected leaves should be removed and destroyed in the fall season to prevent the pathogen from wintering over in the soil below the tree.
Verticillium Wilt
Verticillium wilt is a soil-borne fungus that attacks the wood of the elderberry tree. The fungus enters the tree through the root system and travels through the vascular system. Symptoms of a verticillium infection develop in late summer but become more severe once the temperatures cool in the fall season. An infected tree will have yellowing foliage, slowed growth, large seed production and death of branches. It is common for one section of the tree to become infected instead of the entire tree. Increase the health of the tree by providing adequate water and fertilizer to assist the tree in recovering from the infection and prevent further spread, as there is no chemical treatment to cure the tree. Bramble Lane Farms recommends not planting trees in a soil area planted previously with a verticillium wilt-susceptible plant.
Verticillium wilt is a soil-borne fungus that attacks the wood of the elderberry tree.
Increase the health of the tree by providing adequate water and fertilizer to assist the tree in recovering from the infection and prevent further spread, as there is no chemical treatment to cure the tree.
Oklahoma State University: Growing Elderberries in Oklahoma
Ontario Ministry of Agriculture: Elderberries for Home Gardens
Bramble Lane Farms: All About Elderberries
Jennifer Loucks has been writing since 1998. She previously worked as a technical writer for a software development company, creating software documentation, help documents and training curriculum. She now writes hobby-based articles on cooking, gardening, sewing and running. Loucks also trains for full marathons, half-marathons and shorter distance running. She holds a Bachelor of Science in animal science and business from University of Wisconsin-River Falls.


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DELICIOUS GINGERY DRESSINGS FOR COLESLAWS & STEAMED GREENS.
These are also gorgeous as a marinade & dressing for seafood, and as a dipping sauce for dumplings.
The perfect balance of ginger punch, lime zing & nutty sesame oil.
Based on Hakanoa's signature Ginger Syrup, with NZ lime juice (not from concentrate) and toasted sesame oil.
WILL YOU CHOOSE THE ONE WITH CHILLI? OR THE ONE WITHOUT?


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Do We Love Our Dogs More than People?
By Claire Suddath Monday, Mar. 30, 2009
Lisa Maree Williams / Getty
A dog is groomed in the Boudoir Salon at PawPaws Urban Retreat, a newly opened hotel for dogs, at Waterloo in Sydney, Australia.
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Americans have fallen in love with their dogs. We have dog walkers, dog groomers, dog parks and dog-friendly hotels. We buy organic dog food, put our pets on puppy Prozac and dress them up in costumes for Halloween. In the last 15 years, the amount of money spent on pets in the U.S. jumped from $17 billion to $43 billion. The role of dogs has changed, and journalist Michael Schaffer decided to find out why. Schaffer talks to TIME about his new book, One Nation Under Dog, and what he has discovered about our sudden need to treat our pets like children. (See pictures of a real-life hotel for dogs.)
How did you get interested in the topic?
Well, I got a dog. When my wife and I adopted him we vowed never to dress him in outfits or treat him like our child. But our dog turned out to have separation anxiety. He had come from a shelter and was very nervous and when we left the house. He'd bark all the time and our neighbors hated it. So we went to the vet and he said, "Oh yeah, he has separation anxiety. There's a pill for that." My family thought this was the most incredible thing. Some of them have dogs and they looked at us as if we were these ridiculous, overindulgent spendthrifts. To me this said something. Sometime between when they had pets and now the definition of "normal" had changed pretty rapidly. When normal changes that fast it means something interesting is going on.
What do you think that our attachments to our pets say about our society?
I was continually amazed by how you can find so many controversies, obsessions and trends of our society that played out in the world of pets. For example, pet food has changed in a lot of the same ways that human food has changed — towards healthy, organic stuff — and pet-training has become as common as sending your kid to driver's ed. There are these huge philosophical battles over whether dog-training should be done in an authoritarian way or a soft rewarding-good-behavior sort of way that mirrors the culture wars in politics. (See pictures of Presidential First Dogs.)
You write in your book that a larger number of single people and childless couples have pets than ever before. Why is that?
In the last 30 to 40 years, two-career couples have become the norm. People are marrying later and divorcing more frequently. They work longer hours than they ever had before and they have longer commutes. The number of pets started to boom right around the same time that these trends began to take off. This suggests that people are leaning on pets to fill the gap in social support mechanisms that earlier might have come from their families or tight-knit neighborhoods. This is why single people or childless couples might want to get a pet. There's just a lot more of those folks right now and they have the wherewithal financially to do so. In turn they've sort of spurred a whole industry of dog walkers and pet sitters because if you don't have a homemaker who is home with the dog all day, you need help caring for your dog. (See more at PeoplePets.com.)
Have our lifestyles changed our dogs' lifestyles?
The fact that our time away from home over the last generation has increased so much definitely changes things. There has been this incredible creativity in designing chew toys for dogs. They have these elaborate toys with hidden treats inside of them, and the dog has to figure out how to reach them. It's like a Baby Einstein toy but for a dog. The goal is not just to get the dog to chew on something, but to occupy its physical and mental energy during your very long absence.
What was the most surprising aspect of the pet industry that you discovered?
I went to a pet-loss bereavement group. It was conducted by a full-time employed veterinary social worker who worked in a veterinary hospital. First of all, I was amazed that profession even existed, and then I found out that she went to a conference with fellow veterinary social workers, so there must be a lot of them out there. I sat in on a meeting and I have to admit that I had my moments of thinking, "Oh boy, these people really need to get a life." But for the most part, the meetings were very moving. These people were devastated. As a magazine and newspaper reporter I covered wars and murders, and yet still I was pretty affected by the grief that the people in that room felt, the attachments they had to their animals and the sense of loss that they endured.
You talked a bit about commercial dog-breeding and puppy mills. If you walk into a pet store, what is the chance that you're going to encounter dogs from a puppy mill?
Very high. Reputable breeders wont sell to pet stores. The thing to remember is that puppy mills aren't illegal. The term refers to mass breeding facilities and that is perfectly legal. Mass breeders typically sell to pet stores.
Have people stopped pampering their pets now that we're in a recession?
There are two things going on right now. First, when it comes to decisions about money and pets, the number of people who don't have a choice increases. People's houses get foreclosed and they have to rent somewhere and the landlord doesn't take pets — well, they don't have a choice anymore. Similarly, at vet hospitals when the vet says, "Listen we can do this procedure that might save your animal but it will cost $8,000." More people are saying, "Well I don't have $8,000." But for people who do still have a choice, you're seeing a willingness to scrimp and save for themselves before they demote their animals. Over the last generation a lot of people have promoted their pets to the status of honorary child —they call them "Fur babies."
Is it just me or is everyone giving their dog a human name?
There's a list of the most common names among policy-holders for pet insurance and the most popular dog names are Jake and Chloe and Bella — they're very similar to the names in my daughter's preschool. They're not the kind of names you'd find in dog cartoons. There are no Spots or Fidos. I think that speaks to what's going on and how we view pets as a part of the family. If you look at older descriptions of dogs on headstones at pet cemeteries, they say things like, "Here lies Fido, a loyal servant." By the mid-20th century it's, "Here lies Fido, my best friend." And nowadays you can go to online tributes to deceased pets and people write things like "Here is Jake, my baby."
Does this over-pampering apply to other pets as well?
Most of the creativity has mostly been towards dogs because they have more variables. Going out in public is a big thing; people with cats don't really do that. So that's why there is a lot more action in the dog-accessories market, but I think it applies across the spectrum. I don't know that any of this speaks badly of us. What we now consider normal — all-natural pet food, expensive veterinary procedures — was just a little while ago considered as excessive and silly as dressing your dog up in a little tuxedo. The first professional journal for feline medicine was only established in the late 1960s. Before that if you went to vet school they didn't teach you about cats, really. Now 40 years later we're doing feline kidney transplants. So the measure of what is ridiculous is a very moving target. And it tends to be moving in one direction, which is up.
See the top 10 animal stories of 2008.
Read TIME's movie reviews for Hotel for Dogs and Marley & Me