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Browse: Home / 2008 / January / Becoming Jean
Becoming Jean
An Interview With Kate Hewlett
Kate Hewlett returns to GateWorld to discuss her latest appearance as McKay's equally brilliant sister Jean Miller on Stargate Atlantis!
David Read
Interviews | January 11, 2008
http://stream.gateworld.net/interviews/media/hewlettkate02.mp3
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Duration: 0:28:00 | 19.2MB
Beware of SPOILERS for Season Four of Stargate Atlantis in the interview below!
Kate Hewlett had a busy 2007. Living in three different cities in two countries, the actress somehow managed to squeeze in time for, not one, but two appearances on Atlantis, which features her real-life brother David ("Rodney McKay").
Finally settled back in to her home in Toronto, GateWorld got the chance to catch up with this busy lady just before the Christmas holiday. In our latest interview with the actress, she updates us on her life as both a writer and actress, and discusses how the role of Jean Miller has progressed since her first appearance.
GateWorld's interview with Hewlett is available in MP3 audio format for easy listening, and is 28 minutes long. It is also transcribed below. You can also download the interview to your MP3 player and take GateWorld with you!
GateWorld: For GateWorld.net, I'm David Read, and I'm once again on the phone with miss Kate Hewlett, who has just gotten out of a blizzard! How are you doing, Kate?
Kate Hewlett: OK! Yeah, it's really, really snowy here. I don't know what is happening.
GW: Is that not normal for Toronto?
KH: It is, yeah. It always surprises me, because Toronto is one of those places where it's boiling hot one day, and then all of a sudden it's winter. A Christmas wonderland.
GW: Sudden climate changes. Well that's kind of cool. You get a little bit of a variety, but it's got to be frustrating on the wardrobe.
KH: Yeah, and the mascara. [Laughter]
GW: Well I don't really think about that, but yes I can understand it!
GW: Beyond your brother, who would you like to share more scenes with in future episodes of Atlantis on the show?
KH: I would love to work with Carter again. I love working with Amanda, but also she has a similar rhythm that David and I have, and it's really fun. The banter is really fun with her, and that rapid-fire dialogue, I really enjoy that, and I think she's also a really great actress.
"Millers Crossing" featured return appearances for the entire Miller family.
I would love to work with Sheppard some more. I think that's a really interesting character. He's got this great dry sense of humor. Really I only had one brief scene with Joe in the second episode, and it was fun. I really like him a lot. He's a great guy. It's a very interesting character, too.
Also I think Teyla is a really interesting character. I've really never worked with Rachel except in those lunch room scenes in Season Three. And she is wonderful, again, wonderful actress. She's really very talented. I'd like to write something for her, actually.
GW: Multi-talented. She can sing and dance and just do everything!
KH: Yeah! Yeah, she's very talented and she's the sweetest woman. She really is. I'm not giving you a very good answer, am I? I'm saying everybody! I really like Jason!
It's a great group of people. I've really only worked with David and Amanda. In my second episode it was mostly with Henry Wallace.
GW: Yeah, what a great actor that is. Steven Culp.
KH: Oh, don't even get me started. He's amazing. He's amazing. He was just incredible to work with, and a lovely person. I'm actually still in contact with him. It's nice when that happens, when you work with someone and you really click. I'm determined to write a part for him, because I think he's the most interesting man.
He's such a good actor and he has so much going on in his face. He can do so little and there's so much going on in his eyes, and I find that really fascinating to watch. He also is a really hard worker. There were so many notes in his script, for every single scene. The kind of work people often do in theatre, he does that on his TV and film scripts as well.
GW: Yeah. He really wants to get it right.
KH: And he also gets the giggles. Like I do. Which I appreciated! It's terrible. We had a terrible problem with that.
GW: How would you rate "Miller's Crossing" against "McKay and Mrs. Miller?" Which was the more enjoyable [episode] and which do you prefer to watch?
KH: That's a tough question. I think they're extremely different. I thought the first one was more of an establishing episode for the relationship between the two characters. There's a lot more humor in the first one. In ["Miller's Crossing"] there was a lot more action, which I think the fans probably appreciate. There was a little bit of banter but it didn't dominate the episode.
I don't know. For me personally …
GW: Both of them Martin Gero wrote.
KH: Yeah, he's such a good writer. I think they're both great. I think maybe I preferred "McKay and Mrs. Miller." … No, I don't know. I actually don't know. I like the darkness of "Miller's Crossing." A lot. I felt more comfortable as well on set. I felt more comfortable. Sometimes watching "McKay and Mrs. Miller" I'm more critical. In "Miller's Crossing," well, I've only seen "Miller's Crossing" once, so maybe I'll be more critical!
GW: Well, you've established that character. You know who she is more than you did a year ago, you know?
KH: I think so. Yeah, I think so. Hopefully if I get to go back she'll just continue to grow. She's not just McKay's sister. That's not enough to build a character. I think that "McKay and Mrs. Miller" was establishing "This is McKay's sister" and going back to "Letters From Pegasus." Referring back to other episodes. There was a lot of anticipation about Jeannie, and I think this newer episode is nice because it's seeing how she fits in now.
GW: Right, exactly. And it shows that that relationship has grown. He didn't just forget everything that she tried to get across to him.
KH: Yeah. I sometimes go online and read what people say about the episodes. I'm a glutton for punishment. I think a lot of the fans have trouble with how mean Jeannie is to her brother, and I think for me — you should hear David and I talk. We're brutal! We're brutal to each other. But we love each other a lot, and I think that is how siblings interact sometimes. I think the banter is how you cover up the true feelings. You can't be, like, "I love you, man," all the time. No one functions like that!
I like it when they go at each other a little bit. I think it shows that there's something else going on.
Hewlett admits to feeling much more comfortable about her role a second time around.
GW: Yeah. "I'm frustrated with this right now, but in the end I do love you and everything's going to be OK. … If we can survive!"
KH: Yeah, "If we can survive! And the nanites don't mean that I die."
GW: Yeah, exactly. Now Rodney, who doesn't have children, was far more interested in escaping, while Jean was genuinely concerned for the young woman's health. Now given the situation, which side could you relate to more?
KH: Who knows what I would do in the actual situation? I'd probably be out of there so fast. I don't know. But in my ideal world, if I was the person I hope I am I would have stayed, I think. I understand that. I felt a lot of sympathy for Henry Wallace, and again, maybe that's because Steven Culp has those sad blue eyes. But I think there's a lot of pain in that character. He didn't seem like a bad guy. He seemed like a good guy. He was going about things the wrong way.
GW: Well he lost his wife, and now he's losing his child. At his wits end! The resolution to that episode was a stirring one for many Atlantis fans. Sheppard guilts himself into sacrificing himself to a Wraith by using pictures of Jean's family. Many fans have different opinions to this. What's yours?
KH: I thought it was great. It was dark and it was surprising. It was vibrant.
GW: Yeah, it was very different.
KH: Oh yeah. And I think he wasn't necessarily guilting him into it. My take on it was Henry Wallace wouldn't have lived very long anyway. He was completely broken and he lost everything that was important to him.
I think there was a connection between Jeannie and Wallace. I think there was a definite connection there. The only thing he could do to make his life worth something was to give something back. So I felt it was actually very clever. Sheppard barely even had to mention it, and he agreed. So I really liked that. I thought that was nice. I like those darker moments on Atlantis.
GW: What can you tell us about your return in "The Last Man?" We know Sheppard returns to Atlantis to find the city deserted in the middle of a desert, but as far as Jean's character is concerned, what can you tell us?
KH: Well it's sort of a "blink and you'll miss me." There's a little montage and I'm in it. That's basically it. But it's a great episode. Very exciting episode. And David's got lots to do, and he's really good.
GW: Cool. This montage, does it connect into Season Five? Is there a chance that you'll be in the premiere?
KH: I hope so? I don't think so. It's more about — that depends, actually. I don't know. I hope so. Let's plant that seed!
GW: OK! There's a chance? I don't know what your scene in this episode involves, if it's just a flashback or whatever.
KH: Yeah, it's more of a flashback. But it could relate to other episodes. I'm being mysterious. Am I not mysterious enough?
GW: Yes, you've got it down, girl.
KH: Three weeks ago I did an interview and it was before the episode aired. Every question she asked me I was like, "Well, something happens and then someone reacts." It was the worst interview because I thought I couldn't say anything. And at the end of the interview she said, "Oh, no, this will come out after the episode airs." I just came across like the most boring person! Terrible!
GW: Well, you want to come back!
KH: Yeah, yeah. I certainly do.
GW: It's been a year since we last spoke with you. Is there anything new going on? You told me before we got started a couple of things happening.
Hewlett believed strongly in a connection between Jean and the tormented Henry Wallace.
KH: Yeah! I've been moving a lot. For some reason I move all the time. I was in Vancouver for five months, and then I was in New York for five weeks, and I just got back to Toronto two weeks ago. Been moving around. It's been exciting.
GW: Now do you have homes in all of those places or are you just moving from place to place, and after that just not going back?
KH: I have homes in none of those places, actually! [Laughter] I'm eternally homeless. I don't know why I do that. I was actually renting a place in Vancouver from my dad, which was very reasonable rent. It was beautiful, beautiful house in Kitsilano.
Then in New York I was there doing a show, so I was there for five weeks and I moved pretty much every few days. I was staying somewhere different because I was staying with friends, or in hotels, or in short sublets. That kind of thing.
GW: Oh, OK. Did that have something to do with your play?
KH: Yes, Humans Anonymous, that I wrote for their Fringe Festival a couple years ago, or I guess a year and a half ago. A woman from New York came to see it. She really liked it and was interested in producing it there. The Bridge Theater Company. They're amazing.
GW: Yes, I've heard of them. The Stargate people speak very highly of them.
KH: They're really, really good, and their mandate is to do Canadian plays in New York. To move the two cultures together. They do both American and Canadian work, but there's always some element of both. It's great.
Yeah, she saw it and she liked it. So she took it there. We did a reading of it last year, and that went over well. They talked to me about the possibility of expanding it into a 90-minute play. I worked on that while I was in Vancouver, and I now have a two-act version of it. And that's what we did there.
Originally it was 55 minutes because it was for the Fringe. All the plays in the Fringe are under an hour, unless you get a 90-minute slot, but I didn't. Yeah, it was 55 minutes. To me it felt like it was finished. I felt like there was no way of making it longer, and I actually sent an email to the company saying "There's just no way!"
I was freaking out. I was trying to write. I couldn't come up with anything. I'm like, "There's no way! It's impossible! I can't do it! I can't write anything else! I just have to write a companion play instead!" A day later I actually sat down and started writing. And then I was just writing and writing and writing and writing, and I had all these ideas for how to expand it.
GW: It clicked.
KH: It was like, "OK, so we've got 45 new pages!" [Laughter]
GW: Well that's got to be hard! If you've got a manuscript that's done, adding another 35 more minutes to it, or more, that's got to be painful.
KH: It's very interesting. It's a really interesting project because it has a beginning, a middle and end, and I couldn't just add time to the end of it. I had to find places where it needed to be filled out … and I gave myself a monologue.
GW: Oh, so you're in it!
KH: That sounds like a cliché. Oh yeah, I was always in it. Yeah. I have one of the smallest parts. It's just a fun little character that comes in. In the original it was just basically all joke-joke-joke.
And then in the new one I had to give her some kind of real story, real back-story, and all of that. So she has her own little monologue about her mother passing away. I think it went over really well. Now I would only produce the longer version, and probably not do the shorter version anymore.
GW: You've really allowed that to augment the play and make it more of a drama.
KH: Yeah, it's very different. It's still very-much a comedy, but it's got a lot more heaviness to it now. And I like that.
GW: Have you been pleased with the reception of A Dog's Breakfast? It's been just doing so well!
Expect Jean to appear once more before Season Four comes to a close.
KH: Oh, it's amazing, isn't it? I know. His first movie! I was really happy about Warner Brothers, that we got to have the Lion at the beginning of the movie now. And yeah, the DVD release and everything. Sometimes I go into Best Buy and I put it in front of the pile.
GW: Yes, I did the same thing, except I'm not on the cover. I had to go to Best Buy to get it. "I can't believe this! This is on DVD!"
KH: I'm like, "Why is it hidden behind all these blockbusters? Buy David's movie!"
GW: Oh you mean on the rack, not in your cart!
KH: No! No, on the rack. I was shameless, I know, and I don't know why I'm telling you. I moved it forward. They only had two copies of it!
GW: That was good! They got rid of the others, probably.
KH: Maybe! Maybe. Or the only ordered two. I'm not sure.
GW: Oh, I bet they ordered more. There was a bunch at my Best Buy, and my Best Buy's a big one.
KH: Oh good. That was pretty exciting. It's such a good movie, and it was so funny. I'm so impressed with his direction and the writing and everything.
GW: It's just a clever picture. I think my favorite moment is when you start sawing and David's standing outside, and the light flickers? I just die when I see that. So the whole film is just great. What are some of your favorite scenes from the film? From a viewer's perspective?
KH: I'm biased because I don't particularly like watching myself, and I know people say that all the time. It really is difficult to watch myself. A lot of my favorite moments are with David. When David goes into the back yard. It's a really long shot, so he's walking away, walking away, walking away, and he trips. A lot of the slapstick stuff that he did just killed me.
GW: That was great! Was that really him or was that [Stunt Coordinator] James Bamford or someone?
KH: Oh no, it was really him. I'm surprised he didn't break every bone in his body doing that scene. He literally sat under a car and he did all of the stunts himself. He was manic. He was so busy, and wearing three hats and all of that. He just went for it, with all the stunts. He just really went for it. That's why I like it, because he actually hurt himself. [Laughter]
GW: It was effective! Lemme tell you. What else have you and David worked in together besides A Dog's Breakfast? Is there anything, because it's hard to dig up stuff like that.
KH: Well, I don't know if I told you this last time, but he did actually hire me once to write music for him. And he fired me. The first time I got fired!
GW: What was the project?
KH: I don't remember what it was for! I think it was for a Web site. He wasn't an actor at that point. He took a few years off, just one time in his career, he took his time off from acting, and he was doing computers and Web design, and all that kind of stuff. I came on board to write music for him, but I didn't really … show up. [Laughter] Kind of my fault.
As far as acting goes, A Dog's Breakfast was the first time we ever worked together. I think because David's career has been going since he was really young, and I got into acting early on, but professionally probably not until after university, I would say. And maybe even not until after theatre school. That's when I actually started getting auditions.
We had very different paths and I think he really wanted me to make it on my own, which I really appreciate. I wouldn't want my first job to come from my brother. I was making it on my own. I did 11 Cameras, and I did a bunch of different work. And it was like, "OK, we're both actually in this business now." We're both working. I was working less, but we were both working.
So he wrote the part for me. I'm still so grateful for that. It was such a great role. I learned so much from being an actual lead on something as opposed to just doing a few days.
A Dog's Breakfast has made a much larger splash than the cast anticipated.
And 11 Cameras was different because I did 19 episodes, but it was all direct address to the camera, so it's a very different style of acting and a very different set of skills.
So A Dog's Breakfast was the first time, and it was such a good experience. I definitely want to work with him again in lots of different ways. I would love for him to act in something that I've written, and even more so I'd love for him to direct the first film that I write. I think he's a really great director. And he has a good sense of comedy. A lot of people don't have that. A good sense of timing, all of those things.
GW: Well anyone who meets him, you go away with your stomach sick, because you just laugh so much.
KH: Yes you do!
GW: You don't necessarily expect that from seeing Rodney on television, and the fact that he carries so much of McKay in himself, sarcastically, is a real surprise.
KH: It's funny because every time he has a large role in something people say "Well that's just you." People say that to him. "Oh that's just you. That's how you are in real life." With Traders, everyone was like "Oh, he's so funny, but that's all he can play." And the thing is he's such a good actor that every single part he plays is so full and so realistic that people think it's just like him.
It's true, when you meet him he's not very much like Rodney. There are definitely elements that are — the irritating parts — but he's very, very funny, and he's very kind and very generous.
GW: Yeah, I would have to agree. You do a tremendous amount of theatre work. Do you prefer it over television?
KH: I would've said Yes about three years ago, but now I would say I actually prefer film and television. I'm more comfortable. I don't know when that happened, but at some point I became more comfortable on a film set than on stage. I love stage, and it's different.
The stage work that I do now is mostly collective or things that I've written, different kinds of creativity. I'm working on a play right now with Unspun Theatre, which is an amazing company. Five of us wrote it together. It's a very, very theatrical piece. I play, I think, five different characters in one hour. That kind of thing you can't really do in film.
I don't think I'll ever stop doing theatre but as far as just straight theatre goes I would rather do a movie than a play.
GW: I shot a film before I left school and I've worked with actors who all they did was theatre, and then when you switched over to film they didn't look right, they didn't sound right, because they're so used to over-exaggerating everything and projecting for an audience that's far away. It's a very different skill set.
KH: It does take a while to adjust.
GW: So the most recent play you've been working on is Human's Anonymous. What else do you have planned? Or is that it for now?
KH: Well at the moment I'm doing The Collective, and it's called Don't Wake Me. And it's at the next stage theater festival in Toronto.
It's the one I was saying I co-wrote for the writers. It's about a man who gets in a fight and loses his eyes. He gets blinded with a bottle, and he descends into the world of his dreams because he can see there. He's blind in real life but he can see in his dreams, and his dreams, they all take place in a film noir type of world. The language is great. It's very old-fashioned noir language. Yeah, and that's happening in January.
GW: Oh, good! You guys kick these things out. Man!
KH: I know! Work pretty hard. Actually Brendan Gall, who plays Kaleb, is one of the co-writers. We worked together for a few years, Brendan and I, and he is going to take over the world. That's my theory. One of the best new writers in Canada, him and a woman named Cana Moskovich are two of my favorite up and coming writers in Toronto. But he is also an amazing actor and a fantastic director, and I just can't wait to see where he goes. I'm glad he's on Atlantis as well because he's now moving into TV and film.
Kate looks forward to working with her brother on other projects. Photo courtesy KateHewlett.com.
GW: And every time he appears there he's tied at the hip with you, so you get to see him. Get to work with him.
KH: Yeah, it's great working with him. We actually don't act together very often. He's directed me a couple of times, and we've written together a few times, but I haven't acted with him other than some improv that we've done and also Atlantis. I was glad to see that in this episode he had a bigger part, because that was a nice scene, I thought, with him and David. The scene where he was saying "Just bring her back. Just bring Jean back."
GW: Yeah, exactly. I wasn't expecting a scene like that.
KH: No. Again there was a darkness to it, you know? There was a bit of a conflict. He blamed McKay.
GW: Well at least Rodney knew his name now! There's progress! Are you scheduled to appear at any upcoming conventions?
KH: I actually haven't figured this out yet, but I was supposed to go to England for Pegasus 3. I just got a lead in a movie. I'm trying to figure out if I can make my schedule work with the two projects, but I may not be able to. I really hope I'll be at Pegasus 3 because I had a great time there last year. I'd love to go back, but I've go to work out the scheduling. After that, I don't know! I don't have any other conventions planned, but I did one in New Jersey and I really enjoyed it, and I'd like to do more.
Kate Hewlett's Official Web site
Kate Hewlett Fan site
Posted in Interviews | Tagged Atlantis, Kate Hewlett
David Read is the host of "Dial the Gate" and formerly GateWorld's co-editor. He lives in Phoenix, Arizona, and has been with the site since 2003. From 2017 to 2019 he co-hosted "Dialing Home" for Stargate Command.


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Viljam Johansson (18 April 1887 – 8 August 1931) was a Finnish long-distance runner. He competed in the men's 5000 metres at the 1912 Summer Olympics.

References

1887 births
1931 deaths
Athletes (track and field) at the 1912 Summer Olympics
Finnish male long-distance runners
Olympic athletes of Finland
Place of birth missing
Olympic cross country runners

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Context error with expansion panels Up front: I'm having some trouble with using the mat-expansion-panel component in a way that replicates the official examples.
I started out with the basic code block as outlined in the documentation. What this comes out to is pretty direct copy-and-paste; so the files look like
video.component.html
<mat-expansion-panel>
<mat-expansion-panel-header>
  This is the expansion title
</mat-expansion-panel-header>

This is the primary content of the panel.

<mat-action-row>
  <button mat-button>Click me</button>
</mat-action-row>

video.module.ts
import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';
import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { HttpModule }    from '@angular/http';
import { MatCardModule,MatExpansionModule } from '@angular/material';
import { VideoComponent } from './video.component';

@NgModule({
  declarations: [
    VideoComponent
  ],
  imports: [
    BrowserModule,
    HttpModule,
    MatCardModule,
    MatExpansionModule
  ],
  providers: [],
  bootstrap: [VideoComponent]
})
export class VideoModule { }

video.components.ts
import { Component } from '@angular/core';
import { Http, Response } from '@angular/http';
import 'rxjs/add/operator/map';

@Component({
  selector: 'video-root',
  templateUrl: './video.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['./video.component.css']  /* this is a blank file */
})
export class VideoComponent {
  title = 'video';
  /* snipped */
  constructor(private http: Http) { }
}

../styles.css
@import "~@angular/material/prebuilt-themes/indigo-pink.css";

On page load, I'm getting a console error that points to MatExpansionPanel.html:1:61
And then also the expansion panel doesn't ~work~ insofar as it doesn't look or behave like what the documentation shows.

The button you see doesn't do anything, by the way.
I'm confused because I was just able to use the MatCard module in a way that largely imitated the documentation - the copy-pasted code, along with the import in video.component.ts, made things that behaved right (i.e. behaved like I expected when I used ngFor). This smells like a problem with how I'm bringing the CSS in, but would that cause a console error and cause other angular elements on the page to fail?

A: The problem seems to have been a missing import. Once I added
import { BrowserAnimationsModule } from '@angular/platform-browser/animations';

to video.module.ts (and added BrowserAnimationsModule to the @NgModule.imports), everything worked properly. I feel like an idiot or the student of an idiot, but posting this here in case anybody else hits the same problem.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I changed out our rain barrel filter today and shot this quick video to show how we keep leaves and roof debris from entering our barrels.
Simply wrap a nylon stocking over the funnel between your downspout or diverter and your barrel. Insert the closed end of the stocking into the barrel and let it hang down. Debris will collect at the end, but won't impede the flow of water (at least not for a while), since the stocking stretches and remains permeable above the debris.
We had to move our "Green Machine" compost bin a few feet to make space for a garden path. When we pulled the black plastic shell away, we were treated to this, well. . . hmmm. The fluffy-white "frosting" is actually our family's most plentiful carbonaceous material: shredded junk mail. Dig in!


Every week from first we sent an electronic mail to you with an exercise you do so that it with your little boy. School of stimuli is basically a program of training for intelligent parents. That they wish that its children removes the maximum benefit from its amazing brain. By his since School of Stimuli is not for everybody. Some parents are only conscious of the advantages to stimulate the intelligence of their children from but the tender childhood.
You are not associated to School of stimuli, if you do not have although it is minutes to stimulate your baby or you do not see the importance of its early education. In all the stages in which you are seeing grow to your son, surprise the rapidity to you with which it does. But it would surprise to you even more if you could see its cerebral development. Daily from the conception, their neurons are being developed to an overwhelming speed. You feel the ones that means? You hear the potential of growth of your son. Thus it is that you do not have nor a second that to lose. Apuntate now to the parents who stimulate to their children from his first weeks. Comos works the training? 1 – Every week you receive an email with a Video, Audio, pdf and any other resource necessary to stimulate your baby.
Although the resources are simple, contain all the necessary one to take to the maximum the potential of your son. 2 – A conference with two experts. One you see the month two experts they reunite with the parents, solving doubts and needs. 3 – Direct bonding by email, with Gaston Saenz. So that we have used east system of coching to arrive at the parents? In the first place so that the time subsequent to the birth of a baby is days extremely occupied for the parents.


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It just wasn't possible to fit the entire Seattle Repertory Jazz Orchestra in our Seattle studios, so a more reasonably sized quintet came in to preview the SRJO's exciting 24th season beginning this weekend.
Our listeners were treated to three highlights from the opening concerts, A Night at the Village Vanguard, at Nordstrom Recital Hall at Benaroya Saturday night and the Kirkland Performance Center Sunday afternoon.
The show is a bit of a catchall, honoring the wide variety of jazz greats who've played at the legendary Village Vanguard in New York City. Included will be the music of the Thad Jones/Mel Lewis big band that eventually became the Vanguard Jazz Orchestra, which still takes to the tiny stage every Monday night.
The SRJO's Co-Artistic Director and founder Michael Brockman, featured on tenor sax for this studio session, told us about the other shows upcoming this season as well.
NEA Jazz Master Maria Schneider collaborates with the band in early November, the Sacred Music of Duke Ellington end-of-year concert will be held at St Mark's Cathedral, the annual Basie Bash focuses on the blues with guest vocals in the Spring, followed by concerts with special guest drummer Ignacio Berroa and a finale tribute to the music of Ray Charles.
Made up of the Northwest's top jazz musicians, the SRJO is an example of how the jazz community stays connected around here. The musicians are often working with students and future jazz fans in schools around Puget Sound, and work to make tickets to their concerts available to those who couldn't otherwise afford them.
The Seattle Repertory Jazz Orchestra is a non-profit organization whose mission is to promote the appreciation of the "unique American art form of large ensemble jazz in live performance." As a member of their board of directors, I am proud to be part of another northwest jazz organization working hard to make this area the world-class music city that it is.


text:
Q: Div onClick function doesn't work when clicking in React app I have a function which creates 2 divs when changing the number of items correspondingly (say if we choose 5 TVs we will get 5 divs for choosing options). They serve to make a choice - only one of two possible options should be chosen for every TV, so when we click on one of them, it should change its border and background color.
Now I want to create a dynamic stylization for these divs: when we click on them, they should get a new class (tv-option-active) to change their styles.
For that purposes I used 2 arrays (classesLess and classesOver), and every time we click on one of divs we should remove a class if it's already applied to the opposite option and push the class to the target element - thus only one of options will have tv-option-active class.
But when I click on a div I do not get anything - when I open the document in the browser and inspect the elements, the elements do not even receive new class on click - however, when I console log the classes variable that should apply to an element, it is the way it should be - "less tv-option-active" or "over tv-option-active". I applied join method to remove the comma.
I checked the name of imported css file and it is ok so the problem is not there, also I applied some rules just to make sure the problem is not there and it worked when it's not dynamic (I mean no clicks are needed).
So my list of reasons causing that trouble seems to be not working.
I also tried to reorganize the code in order to not call a function in render return - putting mapping directly to render return, but this also didn't work.
Can anyone give me a hint why it is that?
Here is my code.
import React from 'react'
import { NavLink, withRouter } from 'react-router-dom'
import './TVMonting.css'

import PageTitle from '../../PageTitle/PageTitle'

class TVMontingRender extends React.Component {
    state = {
        tvData: {
            tvs: 1,
            under: 0,
            over: 0,
        },
    }

    render() {
        let classesLess = ['less']
        let classesOver = ['over']

        const tvHandlers = {
            tvs: {
                decrease: () => {
                    if (this.state.tvData.tvs > 1) {
                        let tvData = {
                            ...this.state.tvData,
                        }
                        tvData.tvs -= 1

                        this.setState({ tvData })
                    }
                },
                increase: () => {
                    if (this.state.tvData.tvs < 5) {
                        let tvData = {
                            ...this.state.tvData,
                        }

                        tvData.tvs += 1
                        this.setState({ tvData })
                    }
                },
            },
        }

        const createDivs = () => {
            const divsNumber = this.state.tvData.tvs

            let divsArray = []
            for (let i = 0; i < divsNumber; i++) {
                divsArray.push(i)
            }

            return divsArray.map((i) => {
                return (
                    <React.Fragment key={i}>

 {
                                const idx = classesOver.indexOf(
                                    'tv-option-active'
                                )
                                if (idx !== -1) {
                                    classesLess.splice(
                                        idx,
                                        1
                                    )
                                }
                                classesLess.push(
                                    'tv-option-active'
                                )
                            }}
                        >
                            Under 65

 {
                                const idx = classesLess.indexOf(
                                    'tv-option-active'
                                )
                                if (idx !== -1) {
                                    classesOver.splice(
                                        idx,
                                        1
                                    )
                                }

                                classesOver.push(
                                    'tv-option-active'
                                )

                                // classesOver.join(' ')
                            }}
                        >
                            Over 65

                    </React.Fragment>
                )
            })
        }

        return (

                <button onClick={tvHandlers.tvs.decrease}>
                    -
                </button>

                {this.state.tvData.tvs === 1 ? (

 {this.state.tvData.tvs} TV

                ) : (

 {this.state.tvData.tvs} TVs

                )}

                <button onClick={tvHandlers.tvs.increase}>
                    +
                </button>

                {createDivs()}

        )
    }
}

export default withRouter(TVMontingRender)

CSS file is very simple - it just adds a border.
P.S. I know that with this architecture when I click on one of the divs all the divs will get tv-option-active class, but for now I just want to make sure that this architecture works - since I'm relatively new in React Thanks in advance!

A: Components won't have their lifecycle triggered if you are mutating a variable. You need a state for that purpose, which stores the handled data.
In your case you need some state to say which div has the active class, under or over. You can also abstract each rendered Tv to another Class component. This way you achieve independent elements that control their own class, rather than changing all others.
For that I created a Tv class, where I simplified some of the logic:
class Tv extends React.Component {

  state = {
    activeGroup: null
  }

  // this will update which group is active
  changeActiveGroup = (activeGroup) => this.setState({activeGroup})

  // activeClass will return 'tv-option-active' if that group is active
  activeClass = (group) => (group === this.state.activeGroup ? 'tv-option-active' : '')

  render () {
    return (
      <React.Fragment>
        <div
          className={`less ${ activeClass('under') }`}
          onClick={() => changeActiveGroup('under')}
        >
            Under 65

        <div
          className={`over ${ activeClass('over') }`}
          onClick={() => changeActiveGroup('over')}
        >
            Over 65

      </React.Fragment>
    )
  }
}

Your TvMontingRender will be cleaner, also it's better to declare your methods at your class body rather than inside of render function:
class TVMontingRender extends React.Component {
    state = {
        tvData: {
            tvs: 1,
            under: 0,
            over: 0,
        }
    }

    decreaseTvs = () => {
      if (this.state.tvData.tvs > 1) {
          let tvData = {
              ...this.state.tvData,
          }
          tvData.tvs -= 1

          this.setState({ tvData })
      }
    }

  increaseTvs = () => {
    if (this.state.tvData.tvs < 5) {
        let tvData = {
            ...this.state.tvData,
        }

        tvData.tvs += 1
        this.setState({ tvData })
    }
  }

  createDivs = () => {
    const divsNumber = this.state.tvData.tvs

    let divsArray = []
    for (let i = 0; i < divsNumber; i++) {
        divsArray.push(i)
    }

    // it would be better that key would have an unique generated id (you could use uuid lib for that)
    return divsArray.map((i) => <Tv key={i} />)
  }

    render() {

        return (

                <button onClick={this.decreaseTvs}>
                    -
                </button>

                {this.state.tvData.tvs === 1 ? (

 {this.state.tvData.tvs} TV

                ) : (

 {this.state.tvData.tvs} TVs

                )}

                <button onClick={this.increaseTvs}>
                    +
                </button>

                {this.createDivs()}

        )
    }
}

Note: I didn't change the key you are passing to Tv, but when handling an array that you manipulate somehow it's often better to pass an unique id identifier. There are some libs for that like uuid, nanoID.
When handling complex class logic, you may consider using libs like classnames, that would make your life easier.


text:
Ильдус Шайхуллисламович Мостюков (род. 6 марта 1928) — советский учёный и общественный деятель, Герой Социалистического Труда; один из создателей системы опознавания «свой-чужой»; автор  трудов,  свидетельств на изобретения, кандидат технических наук, профессор.

Биография
Ильдус Шайхуллисламович (иногда используется Ильдус Исламович) родился 6 марта 1928 года в Казани.

В 1947 году, после окончания Казанского механико-технологического техникума, начал свою трудовую деятельность в объединении «Казэнерго», где работал от техника-электрика до старшего инженера диспетчерской службы, одновременно учился заочно в Московском энергетическом институте. Затем перевёлся и окончил окончил радиотехнический факультет Казанского авиационного института, был направлен в Казанское ОКБ-294, где за последующие пять лет прошел путь от инженера до начальника отдела КБ. В 1962 году, в связи с принятием специального постановления ЦК КПСС и Совета Министров СССР о создании новой отечественной общевойсковой системы радиолокационного вооружения, ОКБ-294 было преобразовано в головной институт страны  Министерства радиопромышленности СССР), а его руководителем (генеральным конструктором) стал И. Ш. Мостюков. В период его работы (1962—1989 годы) было создано большое количество разных систем и образцов новейшей специальной техники, внедренных в народное хозяйство. А за создание единой государственной общевойсковой системы радиолокационного обнаружения Ильдус Шайхуллисламович был удостоен звания Героя Социалистического Труда, а сама работа была удостоена Ленинской и Государственной премий.

И. Ш. Мостюков занимался и общественной деятельностью — избирался депутатом Верховного Совета ТАССР и Казанского городского совета.
С 22 июля 1999 года, момента создания, является председателем общественной организации «Герои Татарстана», также является членом президиума Республиканского Совета ветеранов и политсовета «Татарстан − новый век».

После выхода на пенсию продолжает работать в НИИ «Радиоэлектроника». Жена — Гуляндам Газизовна, с которой он отметил золотой юбилей семейной жизни.

Награды
 В 1980 году И. Ш. Мостюкову было присвоено звание Героя Социалистического Труда с вручением ордена Ленина и золотой медали "Серп и Молот".
 Награждён орденом Трудового Красного Знамени, многими медалями, знаком «Почетный радист СССР».
 Был удостоен звания заслуженного деятеля науки и техники РСФСР.
 За заслуги перед республикой награждён почетными грамотами Президиума Верховного Совета ТАССР, обкома КПСС и Совмина ТАССР, Республики Татарстан
 Орден «За заслуги перед Республикой Татарстан» (2008).
 Орден «Дуслык» (2018).
 Медаль «За доблестный труд» (2005).
 Почётный гражданин Казани (2005).
 Серебряная медаль Академии наук Республики Татарстан «За достижения в науке» (2013 год).

См. также
 Герои Социалистического Труда Татарстана

Примечания

Ссылки

 Мостюков Ильдус Шайхульисламович
 Мостюков Ильдус Шайхулисламович
 Мостюков Ильдус Шайхульисламович

Члены КПСС
Депутаты Казанского городского совета
Выпускники Казанского технического университета


FREE Online World English Bible. Song of Solomon Chapter 2:1-17.
2:3 As the apple tree among the trees of the wood, so is my beloved among the sons. I sat down under his shadow with great delight, his fruit was sweet to my taste.
2:4 He brought me to the banquet hall. His banner over me is love.
2:5 Strengthen me with raisins, refresh me with apples; For I am faint with love.
2:6 His left hand is under my head. His right hand embraces me.
2:7 I adjure you, daughters of Jerusalem, by the roes, or by the hinds of the field, that you not stir up, nor awaken love, until it so desires.
2:8 The voice of my beloved! Behold, he comes, leaping on the mountains, skipping on the hills.
2:9 My beloved is like a roe or a young hart. Behold, he stands behind our wall! He looks in at the windows. He glances through the lattice.
2:10 My beloved spoke, and said to me, "Rise up, my love, my beautiful one, and come away.
2:11 For, behold, the winter is past. The rain is over and gone.
2:12 The flowers appear on the earth. The time of the singing has come, and the voice of the turtledove is heard in our land.
2:14 My dove in the clefts of the rock, In the hiding places of the mountainside, Let me see your face. Let me hear your voice; for your voice is sweet, and your face is lovely.
2:16 My beloved is mine, and I am his. He browses among the lilies.
2:17 Until the day is cool, and the shadows flee away, turn, my beloved, and be like a roe or a young hart on the mountains of Bether.


text:
package org.apache.commons.exec.environment;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;

//import org.apache.commons.exec.OS;

/**
 * Wrapper for environment variables.
 *
 * @version $Id$
 */
public class EnvironmentUtils
{

    private static final DefaultProcessingEnvironment PROCESSING_ENVIRONMENT_IMPLEMENTATION;

    static {
//        if (OS.isFamilyOpenVms()) {
//            PROCESSING_ENVIRONMENT_IMPLEMENTATION = new OpenVmsProcessingEnvironment();
//        } else {
            PROCESSING_ENVIRONMENT_IMPLEMENTATION = new DefaultProcessingEnvironment();
//        }
    }

    /**
     * Disable constructor.
     */
    private EnvironmentUtils() {

    }

    /**
     * Get the variable list as an array.
     *
     * @param environment the environment to use, may be {@code null}
     * @return array of key=value assignment strings or {@code null} if and only if
     *     the input map was {@code null}
     */
    public static String[] toStrings(final Map<String, String> environment) {
        if (environment == null) {
            return null;
        }
        final String[] result = new String[environment.size()];
        int i = 0;
        for (final Entry<String, String> entry : environment.entrySet()) {
            final String key  = entry.getKey() == null ? "" : entry.getKey().toString();
            final String value = entry.getValue() == null ? "" : entry.getValue().toString();
            result[i] = key + "=" + value;
            i++;
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * Find the list of environment variables for this process. The returned map preserves
     * the casing of a variable's name on all platforms but obeys the casing rules of the
     * current platform during lookup, e.g. key names will be case-insensitive on Windows
     * platforms.
     *
     * @return a map containing the environment variables, may be empty but never {@code null}
     * @throws IOException the operation failed
     */
    public static Map<String, String> getProcEnvironment() throws IOException {
        return PROCESSING_ENVIRONMENT_IMPLEMENTATION.getProcEnvironment();
    }

    /**
     * Add a key/value pair to the given environment.
     * If the key matches an existing key, the previous setting is replaced.
     *
     * @param environment the current environment
     * @param keyAndValue the key/value pair
     */
    public static void addVariableToEnvironment(final Map<String, String> environment, final String keyAndValue) {
        final String[] parsedVariable = parseEnvironmentVariable(keyAndValue);
        environment.put(parsedVariable[0], parsedVariable[1]);
    }

    /**
     * Split a key/value pair into a String[]. It is assumed
     * that the ky/value pair contains a '=' character.
     *
     * @param keyAndValue the key/value pair
     * @return a String[] containing the key and value
     */
    private static String[] parseEnvironmentVariable(final String keyAndValue) {
        final int index = keyAndValue.indexOf('=');
        if (index == -1) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                    "Environment variable for this platform "
                            + "must contain an equals sign ('=')");
        }

        final String[] result = new String[2];
        result[0] = keyAndValue.substring(0, index);
        result[1] = keyAndValue.substring(index + 1);

        return result;
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
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Current patterns of primary care provider practices for the treatment of post-traumatic headache in active duty military settings
Rosemay A. Remigio-Baker ,
Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
* E-mail: rremigiobaker@gmail.com
Affiliations Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States of America, Naval Hospital Camp Pendleton, Camp Pendleton, CA, United States of America
Seth Kiser,
Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
Affiliations Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America, General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, VA, United States of America
Hamid Ferdosi,
Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
Emma Gregory,
Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
Scot Engel,
Roles Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Fort Hood, Intrepid Spirit Center, Ft Hood, TX, United States of America
Sean Sebesta,
Roles Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Fort Bliss, Intrepid Spirit Center, Ft Bliss, TX, United States of America
Daniel Beauchamp,
Saafan Malik,
Roles Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing
Ann I. Scher,
Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
Sidney R. Hinds II
Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Neurology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
Rosemay A. Remigio-Baker,
Reader Comments (0)
Rosemay A. Remigio-Baker Seth Kiser ... Sidney R. Hinds II
<% if(figureList.length > 1) { %>
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To provide a preliminary assessment of the current clinical practice for the treatment of post-traumatic headache following concussion in military primary health care settings.
Headache is one of the most common symptoms post-concussion; however, little is known of the current clinical practices of primary care providers (on the treatment of post-traumatic headache), particularly in military settings.
Study participants were primary care providers (n = 65) who treated active duty Service members suffering from post-traumatic headache at two military installations. Qualitative data gathered via semi-structured interviews were used to describe provider practices and experience in treating patients with post-traumatic headache.
Some patterns of care across primary care providers treating post-traumatic headache were consistent with the Department of Defense-recommended clinical recommendation (e.g., recommendation of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment [89.4%]; engaging in follow-up care [100%]). Differences existed in timing of follow-up from initial visit [16.9% reporting within 24 hours; 21.5% reporting within 48–72 hours; and 26.2% reporting more than 1 week], the factors contributing to the type of care given (e.g., symptomatology [33.0%], injury characteristic [24.2%], patient characteristic [13.2%]) and the need for referral to higher level of care (e.g., symptomatology [44.6%], treatment failure [25.0%]). These variations may be indicative of individualized treatment which would be compliant with best clinical practice.
The results of this study demonstrate the current clinical practice in military primary care settings for the treatment of post-traumatic headache which can potentially inform and improve implementation of provider training and education.
Citation: Remigio-Baker RA, Kiser S, Ferdosi H, Gregory E, Engel S, Sebesta S, et al. (2020) Current patterns of primary care provider practices for the treatment of post-traumatic headache in active duty military settings. PLoS ONE 15(7): e0236762. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236762
Editor: Firas H. Kobeissy, University of Florida, UNITED STATES
Received: May 11, 2020; Accepted: July 11, 2020; Published: July 24, 2020
This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.
Data Availability: Information and the policies regarding limitations on sharing DoD/DHA data publicly, without an approved Data Sharing Agreement Application (DSAA), can be found at the following website (https://www.health.mil/Military-Health-Topics/Privacy-and-Civil-Liberties/Submit-a-Data-Sharing-Application). The specific DoD Directive (DoDD) that speaks to why we cannot simply share data, even a minimal, de-identified dataset, is DoDD 5400.11 (please refer to additional documentation titled 'DoDD-5400.11'). In order to access DoD/DHA data, a DSAA must be submitted to the Privacy Office. The appropriate point of contact to initiate the DSAA process can be reached at DHA.DataSharing@mail.mil. This DSAA would be between DVBIC and the intended recipient of the data and would need to be requested by the recipient and signatures obtained from all party's authorities. The DSAA would outline the intended use and retention of the data, which will be reviewed by the Privacy Board (estimated review time is between 3-6 months depending on the type of request). A determination will then be made by the Privacy Board based on whether the intended use of the data by the recipient meets the standards of the DoD Privacy Program. Approval of DSAA is subject to Privacy Board review. For further information, questions can be submitted to the Privacy Office at DHA.DataSharing@mail.mil.
Funding: This study was funded by the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center and MRMC JPC-6 Neurotrauma (award number NT160002). RR-B was employed by the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine; SK and HF were employed by the General Dynamics Information Technology. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests: I have read the journal's policy and the authors of this manuscript have no competing interests and, thus, this submission adheres to all PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
Abbreviations: PTH, Post-traumatic headache; mTBI, Mild traumatic brain injury; SMs, Service members; PCPs, Primary care providers; DoD, Department of Defense; CR, Clinical recommendation; SD, Standard deviation; IQR, Interquartile range
Post-traumatic headache (PTH) is a common sequela of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), also known as a concussion [1–5]. A prospective study previously reported a cumulative incidence of 91% for new onset or worsening headaches over one year post-concussion, with persistent headache reported for over a third of the study participants [5]. The majority of PTH improve within 6 to 12 months post-injury; however, 18–33% may continue well beyond a year [3], and nearly 25% persist for more than a year [6]. Although PTH can vary in type, the most common of which are phenotypically migraine-like followed by tension-type or other headaches such as cervicogenic headaches [3, 5, 7, 8], PTH in general has debilitating and disruptive effects on normal daily functioning [9–11].
The military population may be especially vulnerable to the impact of traumatic brain injury given the demands of their physical fitness requirements, military training and the rigors of armed combat. With over 340,000 Service members (SMs) having been diagnosed with mTBI since 2000 [12], TBI has a tremendous impact on deployability and force readiness. In a study of veterans from Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom, a reported 74% had PTH occur within 30 days of concussion [13]. While full recovery for mTBI among SMs are usually within 3 months, a substantial number (47%) has been shown to still exhibit post-concussive symptoms, which includes PTH (15%), beyond this period [14]. Given the prevalence of PTH among those who have suffered mTBI, proper management of such a highly prevalent event becomes of utmost importance in facilitating and expediting return to duty among SMs to the extent possible [15, 16].
Overall care for PTH is similar to treatment for primary headache with special consideration of particular red flags associated with mTBI (e.g., Glasgow Coma Scale Score < 15, loss of consciousness > 5 minutes, repeated vomiting, thunderclap headache [sudden onset], sudden neurological deficit, presence of systemic symptoms) [17]. It requires understanding of headache history and diagnosis of specific headache type(s) to ensure appropriate management, as well as the use of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment approaches. When seeking medical care, primary care providers (PCPs) are often the first point of contact for those who have sustained a mTBI. They are tasked not only with managing all of the medical aspects resulting from mTBI, but also with understanding and managing other pre-existing and co-morbid medical conditions and within short periods of time per clinical visit. Perhaps due to a variety of reasons (e.g., lack of specific training on PTH; insufficient time with patients), PCPs may be quick or late to refer patients to higher levels of care, oversimplify diagnosis (e.g., PTH vs. migraine PTH), not obtain a complete headache history, focus on pharmacological or non-pharmacological approaches rather than consider a combined treatment, or provide only limited patient education that is critical to PTH treatment and management. Clear standard of care protocols and dissemination of those protocols are required to ensure that providers are familiar with and able to implement the most current recommendations to treat PTH. Even when factoring in individual patient differences, a standard of care will serve as a clear foundation from which to guide PCPs treating PTH in a military setting.
In the US military, specific guidance on PTH management indeed exists for PCPs. Based on expert opinion, the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center-led Department of Defense (DoD) Clinical Recommendation (CR) on PTH provides clinical guidance for PCPs in both deployed and non-deployed settings for managing PTH following mTBI: evaluating, diagnosing and treating PTH using both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approach [18–20]. These clinical recommendations were created at the request of providers in the armed services to address a gap in knowledge regarding PTH management; however, it is uncertain to what extent clinicians are aware of these guidelines.
Despite the public availability of the DoD recommendations, training is critical to support dissemination and implementation. Moreover, ensuring providers can implement this knowledge into practice is complex in military medical settings. Uniformed military medical providers move regularly, oftentimes fairly abruptly, which may suspend or even terminate training/education. As is typical in the military setting, assignments change in response to changing operational requirements. These military requirements make it challenging to guarantee that all providers who may treat PTH receive continued and sufficient training. These obstacles emphasize the need to better understand the general knowledge of PCPs in the military, the care provided, and the experience of PCPs with identifying and managing PTH and mTBI as a means to better tailor medical training specific to these health issues.
The aims of this study were to describe: 1) the current clinical practices of PCPs for managing PTH (e.g., pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment intervention recommendations, provision of patient education and pathways of care such as referrals); 2) provider experience in treating PTH patients; and 3) the comfort level in treating these patients. As a secondary aim, this study examined the providers' perceived challenges for treating PTH from the perspective of the providers and the larger clinical system. The results of this study provided a preliminary account of the current clinical practices of PCPs in the management of PTH, whether those aligned with clinical recommendations (e.g., use of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment approach, following-up with patients), and areas for improvement for future care.
The study's provider participants were identified and recruited from several clinics where concussed SMs seek care for their clinical management at two locations: the Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center at Fort Hood, and the William Beaumont Army Medical Center at Fort Bliss. Participants for this study were all medical staff members, including physicians, physician assistants, and nurse practitioners who provided care for concussed SMs and who worked at one of these two U.S. Army military treatment facilities. Providers learned about the study through face-to-face encounters with a study investigator, regular clinic meetings where study announcements were made informing or reminding attendees about local military treatment facilities research opportunities and research staff points of contact, and/or approved research flyers posted in clinics.
Study design and protocol
This investigation included qualitative data derived from semi-structured interviews with PCPs treating PTH in active duty SMs from January 2018 to August 2018. This qualitative research followed the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines [21]. During the consent process, the research staff (consisting of research assistants, associates and coordinators with Bachelors and Masters degrees) described the study protocol, specifying that participation is voluntary, not mandatory, and not command-directed. Shortly after completing written informed consent, the research staff conducted the first provider interview, as outlined in the study protocol. The study was reviewed and approved by the Brooke Army Medical Center Human Research Protections Office, and the protocols used in the study complied with all applicable regulations through implementation of the Brooke Army Medical Center Human Research Protection Program and administration of the Regional Health Command-Central Institutional Review Board.
Interview structure, content and implementation.
Data were obtained via a semi-structured interview conducted in-person by research staff in a dedicated space (e.g., exam room, clinician office) and lasting, on average, 20 minutes. Prior to the study and to support standardization across interviewers and sites, all interviewers were specifically trained on a detailed study operating manual outlining details of the questionnaires, interview techniques, and ways to respond to interviewee comments or questions. Additionally, they underwent multiple practice sessions to ensure proper administration to participants during the conduct of the study. All interview data were collected in person and in individual one-on-one sessions. To avoid introducing interviewer bias, we used standardized questionnaires consisting of both open- and closed-ended questions, as well as trained the interviewer to adhere to the question an answer format strictly. No relationship was established with participants to prevent knowledge of the study. Interviews were recorded using a Phillips DVT 6000 recorder. After completion of the interviews, the research staff transcribed the recording, and another member of the staff reviewed and verified the transcription. The same questions were asked of all participants, with follow-up questions permitted as needed to allow for elaboration of participant responses. Based on the answers provided to the open-ended questions of the semi-structured interview, all provided responses were identified, tabulated and categorized as appropriate based on content analysis [21]. Multiple responses to open-ended questions regarding current clinical care, with the exception of recommended follow-up, were possible from each provider.
Table in S1 Table organizes questions included in the semi-structured provider interview into 3 key categories: 1) background or experience (e.g., number of concussion patients seen; years practicing); 2) current care provided to PTH patients (e.g., recommended pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments; factors in determining when to refer a patient to a rehabilitation provider); and 3) perception of patient change as a result of the care, and perception of patient compliance with provider recommendations.
Data dictionary and coding variables.
A data dictionary was created to code transcribed provider responses. A deductive approach was used to develop the data dictionary where the transcribed responses were assigned to pre-determined codes, which were theoretically- or empirically-based. This iterative process involved the investigator team, where two team members coded each transcript. Raters were required to reach consensus through discussion for any identified discrepancies. Any discrepancy amongst reviewers was resolved through discussion among the research group until consensus was reached. Coded responses were further refined by combining similar response categories into newly coded variables (e.g., patient-related factors) and eliminating responses that were endorsed by fewer than 5% of respondents. Newly-coded variables were created based on consensus from separate members of the research team with expertise in psychology and epidemiology.
Analyses.
Descriptive statistics were presented as means (standard deviations [SD]) or medians (interquartile range [IQR = 25th, 75th]) for continuous variables depending on normality of data, and as frequencies (percentages) for categorical variables. Due to the exploratory and descriptive nature of this study, significance testing was not conducted. All analyses were completed using Stata statistical software, release 15 (StataCorp, 2017, College Station, TX).
Provider background
Table 1 summarizes the characteristics of provider participants including their experience treating concussion patients with headaches. Of the 65 PCPs in the study, 84.6% were uniformed military providers and 15.4% were civilian. There were 61.5% (n = 40) physician's assistants, 29.2% (n = 19) physicians and 9.2% (n = 6) nurse practitioners. The median number of years caring for patients with PTH was reported to be 2.5 years (IQR = 1.5, 6), which was similar to the median of years practicing medicine (3 years, IQR = 2, 6). The providers in the study had a median of 1 concussion patients treated per month (IQR = 0.5, 3.3), with a median of 6 patients (IQR = 4, 14) treated with headache, on average.
PowerPoint slide
Table 1. Provider characteristics and experience treating concussion and concussion-related headache among Service members (N = 65).
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236762.t001
Current practice
Provider guidance.
Among the pharmacological guidance or recommendations given by PCPs (see Table 2), 37.2% reported acetaminophen, followed by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (35.5%), tricyclic antidepressants (10.7%), triptans (7.4%) and opioids (6.6%). Only 2.5% of providers reported not providing any pharmacological guidance. Of the non-pharmacological guidance or recommendations (see Table 2, n = 63), the majority suggested limited activity (40.8%), followed by lifestyle change (18.4%, e.g., no alcohol, healthy diet, avoid offending activity), non-specific rest (16.5%; this category included a vague endorsement for rest with unclear determination of being bed rest versus limited activity), modified duty status based on patient medical condition (13.6%), and bed rest (9.7%). There were 1.0% who reported not using any non-pharmacological approach. Over 89% of providers utilized both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches in treating post-concussive PTH.
Table 2. Pharmacological and/or non-pharmacological guidance or recommendations to patient with sustained headache following concussion.
With regards to education, there were 70.3% (of 64 clinicians who responded) who acknowledged providing written materials (9 of whom stated 'sometimes'). Most information was from UptoDate (an evidence-based online resource for clinical decision support for providers), Google, E-profile (an online resource which provides global tracking of SMs with medical conditions, temporary or permanent, that may hinder their readiness to deploy) and the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center materials [19].
Clinical care.
On a Likert scale of 1–10, the PCPs reported a median of 8 (IQR = 6.5, 9; n = 63) for using a similar treatment approach across patients with headache following a concussion. Among the factors providers reported that contributed to differences in care across patients, the most frequent response (33.0%) was symptomatology, followed by injury characteristics (24.2%; e.g., severity of injury, TBI history), patient characteristics (13.2%; e.g., age, patient presentation), comorbidities (12.1%), medications (8.8%), mechanism of injury (7.7%) and treatment failure (1.1%) (see Table 3, n = 63). Among providers who reported referring patients to higher level of care (n = 61), the median percentage of patients referred was 30.8% (IQR = 15, 75, range = 0, 100). The factors that guided their referrals included patient symptoms (44.6%), treatment failure (25.0%), injury characteristics (14.1%), neurological deficits (10.9%) and co-morbidities (5.4%) (see Table 4). The types of providers to whom patients were referred include neurologists (35.8%) and occupational and physical therapists (both at 3.6%). The types of clinical services to which patients were referred include TBI clinic (39.4%), behavioral health (6.6%), pain management and physical medicine rehabilitation (both at 2.9%), ophthalmology (2.2%), surgery (1.5%) and psychiatry and radiology (both at 0.7%).
Table 3. Factors contributing to differences in care from one patient to the next.
Table 4. Factors that determine when patient referred to a rehabilitation provider or higher level of care.
Table 5 outlines clinical follow-up practice. Recommendation for follow-up was reported by all PCPs, with 44.6% recommending 2 or more visits, 15.4% reporting only 1 visit, and 40.0% recommending follow-up depending on the patient's persistence/worsening of mTBI sequelae. The first recommended follow-up was reported to occur within the first 24 hours by 16.9% of providers, after 1or more week(s) post-injury by 26.2%, between 24–48 hours by 10.8%, between 48–72 hours by 21.5%, in one week by 21.5% and when deemed necessary by 3.1%. The factors that providers reported to determine whether patients are ready to return to duty included symptoms (63.7%, i.e., symptom resolution that may span a gamut of symptom types), activities of daily living (9.9%), time (9.9%), acute concussion profile guidelines (8.8%), and job duties (7.7%, i.e., military occupation specialty) (see Table 6).
Table 5. Patient follow-up recommendation–count and timing.
Table 6. Factors that determine when patients are ready to return to duty.
The median time to recovery of concussion patients from symptoms of headache with or without care was 1 month (IQR = 0.5, 3.5, n = 55 and IQR = 0.5, 2, n = 53, respectively). The median percentage of patients reported to follow provider recommendation was 62.5% (IQR = 50, 80, n = 62) (e.g., rest when advised to, take recommended medication). Among patients whom PCPs reported to have followed their recommendation, 83.3% had improvement (n = 54).
Comfort providing care.
On a Likert scale from 1–10, the median level of comfort PCPs reported in treating PTH was 7.5 (IQR = 6.5, 9; n = 65). The factors reported to influence provider management confidence include level of expertise (41.4%), lack of experience (24.3%), access to specialty care (21.4%) and access to research (8.6%), with 4.3% reporting never being completely comfortable (see Table 7, n = 64). Reported challenges related to providing care included patient-related factors (42.7%, e.g., patient compliance, patient expectations, patient fear of stigma), injury-related factors (23.2%, e.g., subjective symptoms, co-morbidities, varying patient presentation), provider-related factors (17.1%, e.g., varying treatment plans, level of expertise, continuity of care) and military-related factors (19.5%, e.g., command, mission requirements) (see Table 8, n = 64).
Table 7. Factors in determining comfort level of providing care for patients with headache following concussion.
Table 8. Challenges in providing care to patients with post-traumatic headaches post-concussion.
Treatment of patients with PTH is complex, given differences in patient presentation, provider training and choice for approach, as well as expectations for recovery. A structured guideline outlining a systematic means of proceeding through recovery, clinical practice and patient outcome assists in the consistency of PTH management among PCPs in a military setting, without undermining the importance of individualized treatment to meet the needs of patients. Our findings provide a preliminary glimpse of the current clinical practice of PCPs treating PTH among SMs.
In this study, a couple of patterns of care described by PCPs align with the DoD recommendations for PTH. This includes recommendation of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, both of which were given by over 89% of providers, highlighting possibly low bias towards either approach and exemplifying the use of all potential sources as a means to remedy PTH. Future assessment regarding the specific prescribed treatment for a specific type of headache may be needed to further determine the extent of compliance with the recommendations. Special consideration on patient profile, however, will also need to be taken into account, as tailoring treatment to patient needs is critical. In addition to consistency of medical treatment, our findings revealed reports of 100% follow-up recommendation which may give providers the opportunity not only to assess progression of patients with regards to symptomatology and following recommendations, but also to potentially reinforce correct patient behaviors and beliefs regarding PTH recovery through continued patient education. This may, in turn, likely lead to an expedited and relatively successful recovery.
Differences in clinical practice were also captured in the study. Although general medical follow-up care was recommended by all PCPs, the timing of follow-up varied, most of which was more than 1 week. This may reflect the general practice of the study providers with recommending patient follow-up, which may be case-specific. As expedited and successful recovery often depends on timely treatment as well as regular monitoring of patient response to such treatment, embedding the importance of follow-up and when to follow-up in clinical training to treat PTH may help in the recovery progression. Although the care given by each PCP across their patients was generally similar for most, the data did not have the granularity needed to determine the appropriateness of these approaches. For PCPs whose approach differed across patients, the factors that determine these differences in care also varied. This may perhaps be due to personalized care in which patient profile, as well as specific injury, might have necessitated more individualized treatment (e.g., failure of response to primary treatment). Providers might be operating within the parameters of the clinical practice guideline they use; however, it is difficult to know this with certainty without a more granular approach to identify the effectiveness of various clinical provider guidelines. The DoD CR was created to ensure standard treatments for the Military Health System. With regards to referrals to higher levels of care, the factors that determine this consideration also varied, highlighting a need for a more systematic and objective means to determine referrals to higher levels of care or rehabilitation such as that provided in a standardized clinical guidance.
Most study providers were comfortable in treating headaches of concussed SMs, and only two indicated not being completely comfortable. Nonetheless, almost all reported challenges in providing care, majority of which are modifiable, such as patient-related (e.g., "patient compliance", "patient expectations") and provider-related (e.g., "varying treatment plans," "level of expertise") factors that can be directly addressed through education. As the challenges in providing care contribute to the level of comfort in treating patients, ameliorating some of the challenges that may pose as obstacles to PCPs may subsequently ease comfort in patient treatment. This further supports the utility of concussion education, in this case, to address the challenges that may hinder confidence among PCPs treating PTH patients.
There were limitations to the present study that need to be considered. First, certain details pertinent to PTH treatment were not asked of providers. For example, the semi-structured interviews did not inquire whether clinical recommendations were based on headache type (i.e., migraine, tension-type, cervicogenic, neuropathic) to further gauge compliance with the DoD CR. However, this less specific inquiry allowed for more provider-led responses. Additionally, when study providers offered the term "rest" as a response, no further inquiries were made to determine how individual providers defined "rest." This might have hidden some inconsistencies in treatment with regards to the type and duration of "rest". This study was also designed to survey PCPs' treatment practices of PTH and did not account for factors that might influence or modify treatment. For instance, the semi-structured interview did not directly ask providers whether they altered their clinical recommendations according to patient history (e.g., headache trigger, co-morbidities, individual or family history of headache, medications). Although such a follow-up question might provide a better depiction of changes in treatment over time, the authors felt this line of inquiry, though important, was outside the scope of the present study. Future studies that provide a more granular assessment of clinical practice for the management of PTH may address these matters and provide a more accurate depiction of current clinical practices. Further investigation that evaluate patient compliance with suggested provider recommendations and follow-up may also be indicative of the level of effectiveness of PTH management whether in or out of compliance with the DoD CR. Reported or perceived practice may also not be congruent to actual practice; however, this is inherent of most studies that assess self-reported data and is a limitation of broader research using such data. Further, this study evaluated PCPs treating active duty SMs and, thus, results are generalizable only to such, or similar, populations. Nonetheless, the study contributes to the limited research on this topic in this group. We also presented our qualitative data grouped subjectively into common themes and quantified accordingly; however, such categorization was based on a compilation of input from a team with expertise in medicine, epidemiology and mTBI/concussions and PTH to minimize miscategorization. Last, based on the limited sample size, we also could not evaluate our results based on potentially important modifiers such as type of provider (e.g., civilian vs. military or physicians vs. nurse practitioners), years of practice, or initially prescribed pharmacological treatment as it contributes to follow-up time (e.g., the time for tricyclic antidepressants to be effective versus nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs/analgesic is unlikely to be seen within 72 hours and may influence follow-up time). Nonetheless, our findings provide value as it emphasizes the importance of training and education of providers in the treatment of PTH, as well as the potential to revise and improve the clinical recommendation to enhance training/education, and, ultimately, patient outcome.
The findings of this study present an account of the current clinical practice of PCPs in the management of PTH, and support the use of a formal, structured CR for the management of PTH among SMs to guide PCPs in a military setting. Having a standardized approach across military treatment facilities may assist in the consistency of medical care given to patients with PTH, particularly as providers in the military setting often transition to different assignments. Such guidance should be designed to educate both provider and patient in their expectations regarding the management of PTH among SMs, as well as other aspects of the provider experience (e.g., diversity of experience as a PCP in the military health system). Proceeding research will specifically examine the potential benefits of training on the DoD CR for PTH among SMs.
S1 Table. Provider interview questions by time of interview.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236762.s001
(DOCX)
The authors of this paper would like to acknowledge the contribution of all the former and present research staff at Fort Hood, Fort Bliss, and Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center headquarters who, through their hard work and dedication, made this study possible. The authors would also like to thank the SMs and their providers who volunteered their time and information to make this study possible.
The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official policy or position of the Defense Health Agency, Department of Defense, or any other U.S. government agency. This work was prepared under Contract (HU0001-16-2-0033) with (Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine) and, therefore, is defined as U.S. Government work under Title 17 U.S.C.§101. Per Title 17 U.S.C.§105, copyright protection is not available for any work of the U.S. Government. For more information, please contact dha.DVBICinfo@mail.mil. UNCLASSIFIED
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In conjunction with National Arts Education week this week, Americans for the Arts (AFTA) is hosting a weeklong blog salon dedicated to exploring important next steps for the emerging creative youth development sector. Throughout the week AFTA's Arts Education blog will highlight issues related to research, programming, evaluation, funding, and advocacy, and will explore the insights and puzzles presented from leading voices in the field.
Follow the conversation throughout the week and contribute your thoughts via AFTA's blog or on Twitter (using the hashtag #creativeyouthdevelopment).


Widely regarded as the American Nobel Prizes, the Franklin Institute Awards are among the oldest and most prestigious comprehensive science and engineering award programs in the world. The Franklin Institute laureates for 2003 are Paul B. MacCready, internationally known as the "father of human- powered flight," who will receive the esteemed Bower Award for Achievement in Science and the accompanying $250,000 Cash Prize; and Herbert D. Kelleher, Co-founder and Chairman of the Board, Southwest Airlines Company, who will receive the Bower Award for Business Leadership. Bishnu Atal, John N. Bahcall, Raymond Davis, Jr., Jane Goodall, Robin Hochstrasser, Masatoshi Koshiba, John McCarthy, Norman Phillips, Joseph Smagorinsky, and Charles H. Thornton will receive the Benjamin Franklin Medal.
"It is a privilege to serve as host of The Franklin Institute Awards and to honor these exceptional scientists for their dedication to science," said Matthews. "Through their accomplishments, they have inspired us and paved the way for future innovation in the generations to come."
In addition to hosting "Hardball" and "The Chris Matthews Show," his NBC syndicated news program that airs at 10 a.m. on Sundays, he anchors election coverage on MSNBC.
Matthews is the author of four books. "American - Beyond Our Grandest Notions" (2002), Matthew's latest book, may well be considered a window into his soul. The book describes the American belief in taking charge of one's destiny and the value of freedom of expression. "Who wouldn't want to be that person with the guts to stand alone against the corruption and cynicism of the powers to be?" he asks. These sentiments define the American spirit, Matthews says.
Christopher John Matthews was born in 1945 into an Irish family in Nicetown, a row house neighborhood in North Philadelphia. "I think that growing up where and when I did explains my instinctive on-air connection between God and country, morality and politics. It's a good guy - bad guy game in which the good guys are forever endangered."
Matthews graduated from La Salle College High School, where he developed his passion for writing, and then attended Holy Cross College. He served in the United States Peace Corps in Africa.
Inspired by a visit to Washington in 1954 with his family and his mother's encouragement to dream, Matthews headed for Capitol Hill in 1971 and a future in politics and government. Initially employed by Senator Frank Moss of Utah, Matthews' experience over the next 15 years ranged from working as a legislative assistant to being a speechwriter for President Jimmy Carter. From 1981 to 1987, Matthews served as top aide to Speaker of the House Thomas (Tip) O'Neill, Jr. and then was a nationally syndicated columnist and Washington bureau chief for the San Francisco Examiner for 13 years.
Matthews wrote his first book, "Hardball: How Politics is Played - Told by One Who Knows the Game," (1988) and covered seminal events such as the opening of the Berlin Wall, the first all-races election in South Africa, and the historic peace referendum in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. He wrote "Kennedy and Nixon" (1996), then immersed himself in the National Archives in 1997 and 1998, where he unearthed a series of scoops on the Nixon presidential tapes.
By the mid-1990s, Matthews' odyssey included television and "Hardball," a political talk show that is fun to do, he says, because it allows for open discourse and uninhibited debate. In 2000, he became national columnist for the San Francisco Chronicle and in 2001 wrote "Now Let Me Tell You What I Really Think" (2001), a book entwined with childhood memories from Philadelphia.
In 2001, Matthews was named an honorary police commissioner and an honorary fire chief of Philadelphia. He is the recipient of the Lincoln Award from the Union League of Philadelphia and also has honorary PhDs from eight colleges and universities.
Matthews is married to Kathleen Matthews, the award-winning news anchor for the ABC affiliate in Washington, D.C. The couple lives in Chevy Chase, Md. with their three children, Michael, Thomas, and Caroline.
The Franklin Institute Awards Ceremony and Dinner is one of the nation's most historic awards programs. For 179 years, this Program has honored outstanding individuals who have transformed entire fields of knowledge through their scientific discoveries and technological innovations. Past laureates have included Alexander Graham Bell, Albert Einstein, Thomas Edison, Marie and Pierre Curie, Jacques Cousteau, Joan Ganz Cooney and the Wright Brothers.
The Awards Program recognizes seminal contributions to scientific thought and progress in order to inspire appreciation for the power of science to broaden understanding, inspire lives, and encourage future innovation and discovery. Today, the Institute continues its dedication to public education and sharing Franklin's passion for science through its museum, outreach programs, and curatorial work. Recognizing outstanding achievements in science throughout the world is one important way that the Institute perseveres in its commitment to Franklin's legacy.
The 2003 Franklin Institute Awards Ceremony is generously presented by Fleet Private Clients Group, whose sponsorship helps to underwrite the extraordinary costs associated with staging this event. The Ceremony, which will be attended by more than 700 business, civic, government, and education leaders from the Greater Philadelphia Area, provides funds for free or discounted admissions for the 300,000 schoolchildren who annually visit the science museum. Associate Sponsors for this event include Centocor, Inc.; Cephalon, Inc.; Endo Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; and the Four Seasons Hotel. In addition, Cephalon, Inc. will underwrite a series of ten Laureates' Symposia, to be held at local universities, and the Meet the Scientists Program, wherein high school students participate in a question and answer session with the laureates.
For more information on the 2003 Franklin Institute Awards Program and for laureate information or to arrange interviews, please contact Evan Welsh at The Franklin Institute at 215.448.1176 or check the Institute's web site at http://www.fi.edu.
Teresa Heinz Kerry celebrates the Peace Corps Volunteer as one of the best faces America has ever projected in a speech to the Democratic Convention. The National Review disagreed and said that Heinz's celebration of the PCV was "truly offensive." What's your opinion and who can come up with the funniest caption for our Current Events Funny?
Exclusive: Director Vasquez speaks out in an op-ed published exclusively on the web by Peace Corps Online saying the Dayton Daily News' portrayal of Peace Corps "doesn't jibe with facts."
In other news, the NPCA makes the case for improving governance and explains the challenges facing the organization, RPCV Bob Shaconis says Peace Corps has been a "sacred cow", RPCV Shaun McNally picks up support for his Aug 10 primary and has a plan to win in Connecticut, and the movie "Open Water" based on the negligent deaths of two RPCVs in Australia opens August 6. Op-ed's by RPCVs: Cops of the World is not a good goal and Peace Corps must emphasize community development.


Hither Hills beach house retreat. Large deck and back yard with gunite pool for entertaining after a long day at the beach or on the bay and ocean waters. Spacious living room, kitchen and dining area. Three bedrooms, two bathrooms in main house. Additional en suite bedroom with separate entrance. Two block walk to the beach, with access.


Or just call it the Fishing Derby Show! There's nothing like a good fishing story and when it's a Norm Foster creation—you know it's going to be a winner. Investment banker James Bell gets stuck in the sleepy town of Kooshog Lake during their annual Fishing Derby. He meets some wise, witty and wonderful locals as he joins their efforts to catch the elusive fish called Hollis McCauley. A comedy complete with romance, broken hearts and a shark attack.


Weighing the potential risk of opening your home against the opportunity to earn additional income can be a difficult decision. But the vast majority of second homeowners find that the pros of renting your home far outweighs the cons. Please contact Sandy on the earnings you can expect from your home. We have everything from 1 bedroom condos to 5 bedroom houses located all over Breckenridge.
Each property listed with us includes a set of "House Rules" that are tailored to our owners' requirements. Guests must agree to respect your property during their stay, or pay penalties if damage is discovered in our post-stay inspection. Though there are rare exceptions, our experience has been that most guests are conscientious and behave in a respectful fashion during their visit. And if they are not, we cover the vast majority of any damage guests do in the event it is not discoverable during our post-stay inspections.
If you choose to list your home with iTrip Breckenridge, you will enjoy unlimited use for yourself, your family and friends. You can reserve time through our online Owner Portal, available 24/7.
We would be happy to speak to you about this important decision. Please contact us with any questions you may have.