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A geyser is a spring characterized by intermittent discharge of water ejected turbulently and accompanied by a vapour phase (steam). The name geyser comes from Geysir, the name of an erupting spring at Haukadalur, Iceland ; that name, in turn, comes from the Icelandic verb gjósa, "to gush".
The formation of geysers is due to particular hydrogeological conditions, which exist in only a few places on Earth, so they are a fairly rare phenomenon. Generally all geyser field sites are located near active volcanic areas, and the geyser effect is due to the proximity of magma. Generally, surface water works its way down to an average depth of around where it meets up with hot rocks. The resultant boiling of the pressurized water results in the geyser effect of hot water and steam spraying out of the geyser's surface vent.
About a thousand known geysers exist worldwide, roughly half of which are in Yellowstone National Park , United States . A geyser's eruptive activity may change or cease due to ongoing mineral deposition within the geyser plumbing, exchange of functions with nearby hot springs, earthquake influences, and human intervention.
Jet-like eruptions, often referred to as geysers, have been observed on several of the moons of the outer solar system. Due to the low ambient pressures, these eruptions consist of vapor without liquid; they are made more easily visible by particles of dust and ice carried aloft by the gas. Water vapor jets have been observed near the south pole of Saturn's moon Enceladus, while nitrogen eruptions have been observed on Neptune's moon Triton. There are also signs of carbon dioxide eruptions from the south polar ice cap of Mars. In the latter two cases, instead of being driven by geothermal energy, the eruptions seem to rely on solar heating via a solid-state greenhouse effect.
Form and function
Geysers are temporary geological features. The life span of a geyser is, at the most, only a few thousand years. Geysers are generally associated with volcanic areas. As the water boils, the resultant pressure forces a superheated column of steam and water to the surface through the geyser's internal plumbing. The formation of geysers specifically requires the combination of three geologic conditions that are usually found in volcanic terrain.
Intense heat
The heat needed for geyser formation comes from magma that needs to be near the surface of the earth. The fact that they need heat much higher than normally found near the earth's surface is the reason they are associated with volcanoes or volcanic areas. The pressures encountered at the areas where the water is heated makes the boiling point of the water much higher than at normal atmospheric pressures.
The water that is ejected from a geyser must travel underground through deep, pressurized fissures in the earth's crust.
A plumbing system
In order for the heated water to form a geyser, a plumbing system is required. This includes a reservoir to hold the water while it is being heated. Geysers are generally aligned along faults. The plumbing system is made up of a system of fractures, fissures, porous spaces and sometimes cavities. Constrictions in the system are essential to the building up of pressure before an eruption.
Ultimately, the temperatures near the bottom of the geyser rise to a point where boiling begins; steam bubbles rise to the top of the column. As they burst through the geyser's vent, some water overflows or splashes out, reducing the weight of the column and thus the pressure on the water underneath. With this release of pressure, the superheated water flashes into steam, boiling violently throughout the column. The resulting froth of expanding steam and hot water then sprays out of the geyser hole.
Geyser activity, like all hot spring activity, is caused by surface water gradually seeping down through the ground until it meets rock heated by magma. The geothermal heated water then rises back toward the surface by convection through porous and fractured rocks. Geysers differ from non-eruptive hot springs in their subterranean structure; many consist of a small vent at the surface connected to one or more narrow tubes that lead to underground reservoirs of water.
Steam rises from heated water
Pulses of water swell upward
Surface is broken
Ejected water spouts upward and falls back
As the geyser fills, the water at the top of the column cools off, but because of the narrowness of the channel, convective cooling of the water in the reservoir is impossible. The cooler water above presses down on the hotter water beneath, not unlike the lid of a pressure cooker, allowing the water in the reservoir to become superheated, i.e. to remain liquid at temperatures well above the standard-pressure boiling point.
The rocks in the nearby region produce a material called geyserite. Geyserite—mostly silicon dioxide (SiO2), is dissolved from the rocks and gets deposited on the walls of the geyser's plumbing system and on the surface. The deposits make the channels carrying the water up to the surface pressure-tight. This allows the pressure to be carried all the way to the top and not be leaked out into the loose gravel or soil that are normally under the geyser fields.
Eventually the water remaining in the geyser cools back to below the boiling point and the eruption ends; heated groundwater begins seeping back into the reservoir, and the whole cycle begins again. The duration of eruptions and time between successive eruptions vary greatly from geyser to geyser; Strokkur in Iceland erupts for a few seconds every few minutes, while Grand Geyser in the United States erupts for up to 10 minutes every 8–12 hours.
General categorization
There are two types of geysers: fountain geysers which erupt from pools of water, typically in a series of intense, even violent, bursts; and cone geysers which erupt from cones or mounds of siliceous sinter (also known as geyserite), usually in steady jets that last anywhere from a few seconds to several minutes. Old Faithful , perhaps the best-known geyser at Yellowstone National Park, is an example of a cone geyser. Grand Geyser , the tallest predictable geyser on earth, (although Geysir in iceland is taller, it is not predictable), also at Yellowstone National Park, is an example of a fountain geyser.
Fountain geyser (erupting from the pool)
Old Faithful geyser (cone geyser having mound of siliceous sinter) in Yellowstone National Park erupts approximately every 91 minutes
The intense transient forces inside erupting geysers are the main reason for their rarity. There are many volcanic areas in the world that have hot springs, mud pots and fumaroles, but very few with geysers. This is because in most places, even where other necessary conditions for geyser activity exist, the rock structure is loose, and eruptions will erode the channels and rapidly destroy any nascent geysers.
Most geysers form in places where there is volcanic rhyolite rock which dissolves in hot water and forms mineral deposits called siliceous sinter, or geyserite, along the inside of the plumbing systems. Over time these deposits cement the rock together tightly, strengthening the channel walls and enabling the geyser to persist; as mentioned in the previous section.
Geysers are fragile phenomena and if conditions change, they can "die". Many geysers have been destroyed by people throwing litter and debris into them; others have ceased to erupt due to dewatering by geothermal power plants. The Great Geysir of Iceland has had periods of activity and dormancy. During its long dormant periods, eruptions were sometimes humanly-induced—often on special occasions—by the addition of surfactants to the water.
Biology of geysers
The specific colours of geysers derive from the fact that despite the apparently harsh conditions, life is often found in them (and also in other hot habitats) in the form of thermophilic prokaryotes. No known eukaryote can survive over .
In the 1960s, when the research of biology of geysers first appeared, scientists were generally convinced that no life can survive above around —the upper limit for the survival of cyanobacteria, as the structure of key cellular proteins and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) would be destroyed. The optimal temperature for thermophilic bacteria was placed even lower, around .
However, the observations proved that it is actually possible for life to exist at high temperatures and that some bacteria even prefer temperatures higher than the boiling point of water. Dozens of such bacteria are known nowadays.Thermophiles prefer temperatures from to whilst hyperthermophiles grow better at temperatures as high as to . As they have heat-stable enzymes that retain their activity even at high temperatures, they have been used as a source of thermostable tools, that are important in medicine and biotechnology, for example in manufacturing antibiotics, plastics, detergents (by the use of heat-stable enzymes lipases, pullulanases and proteases), and fermentation products (for example ethanol is produced). The fact that such bacteria exist also stretches our imagination about life on other celestial bodies, both inside and outside of solar system. Among these, the first discovered and the most important for biotechnology is Thermus aquaticus.
Major geyser fields and their distribution
Distribution of major geysers in the world.
Geysers are quite rare, requiring a combination of water, heat, and fortuitous plumbing. The combination exists in few places on Earth.
Yellowstone is the largest geyser locale, containing thousands of hot springs, and approximately 300 to 500 geysers. It is home to half of the world's total number of geysers in its nine geyser basins. It is located mostly in Wyoming , USA, with small portions in Montana and Idaho , USA. Yellowstone includes the world's tallest active geyser (Steamboat Geyser in Norris Geyser Basin), as well as the renowned Old Faithful Geyser , Beehive Geyser , Giantess Geyser, Lion Geyser, Plume Geyser, Aurum Geyser, Castle Geyser , Sawmill Geyser, Grand Geyser , Oblong Geyser, Giant Geyser , Daisy Geyser , Grotto Geyser, Fan & Mortar Geysers, & Riverside Geyser , all in the Upper Geyser Basin which alone contains nearly 180 geysers.
Valley of Geysers
The Valley of Geysers ("Dolina Geiserov" in Russian) located in the Kamchatka Peninsula of Russia is the only geyser field in Eurasia and the second largest concentration of geysers in the world. The area was discovered and explored by Tatyana Ustinova in 1941. Approximately 200 geysers exist in the area along with many hot-water springs and perpetual spouters. The area was formed due to vigorous volcanic activity. The peculiar way of eruptions are an important feature of these geysers. Most of the geysers erupt at angles, and only very few have the geyser cones that exist at many other of the world's geyser fields. On June 3, 2007 a massive mudflow influenced two thirds of the valley. It was then reported that a thermal lake was forming above the valley. Few days later, waters were observed to have receded somewhat, exposing some of the submerged features. Velikan Geyser, one of the field's largest, was not buried in the slide and has recently been observed to be active.
El Tatio
A geyser bubbling at El Tatio geyser field
The name "El Tatio" roughly translates as "the grandfather". El Tatio is located in the high valleys on the Andes surrounded by many active Volcanoes in Chile, South America at around above mean sea level. The valley is home to approximately 80 geysers at present. It became the largest geyser field in the Southern Hemisphere after the destruction of many of the New Zealand geysers, and is the third largest geyser field in the world. The salient feature of these geysers is that the height of their eruptions is very low, tallest being only high, but with steam columns that can be over high. The average geyser eruption height at El Tatio is about
Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand
The Taupo Volcanic Zone is located on New Zealand's North Island . It is long by wide and lies over a subduction zone in the Earth's crust. Mount Ruapehu marks its southwestern end, while the submarine Whakatane volcano ( beyond White Island) is considered its northeastern limit. Many geysers in this zone were destroyed due to geothermal developments and a hydroelectric reservoir, but several dozen geysers still exist. In the beginning of the twentieth century, the largest geyser ever known, the Waimangu Geyser existed in this zone. It began erupting in 1900 and erupted periodically for four years until a landslide changed the local water table. Eruptions of Waimangu would typically reach and some superbursts are known to have reached . Recent scientific work indicates that the earth's crust below the zone may be as little as thick. Beneath this lies a film of magma wide and long.
Eruption of White Dome Geyser in Yellowstone
Iceland is an island country off the western coast of Europe in the Atlantic Ocean . Iceland is home to some of the greatest geysers in the world. Geysers and hot springs are distributed all over the island. Many of the geysers are located in Haukadalur. Geysers are known to have existed in at least a dozen other areas on the island. The "Great Geysir", which first erupted in the 14th century, gave rise to the word "geyser". It used to erupt every 60 minutes until the early 1900s when it became dormant. Earthquakes in June 2000 subsequently reawakened the giant for a time but it is not currently erupting regularly. The nearby Strokkur geyser erupts every 5–8 minutes to a height of some .
Extinct/Dormant geyser fields
There used to be two large geysers fields in Nevada —Beowawe and Steamboat Springs —but they were destroyed by the installation of nearby geothermal power plants. At the plants, geothermal drilling reduced the available heat and lowered the local water table to the point that geyser activity could no longer be sustained.
Many of New Zealand's geysers have been destroyed by humans in the last century. Several New Zealand geysers have also become dormant or extinct by natural means. The main remaining field is Whakarewarewa at Rotorua . Two thirds of the geysers at Orakei Korako were flooded by the Ohakuri hydroelectric dam in 1961. The Wairakei field was lost to a geothermal power plant in 1958. The Taupo Spa field was lost when the Waikato River level was deliberately altered in the 1950s. The Rotomahana field was destroyed by the Mount Tarawera eruption in 1886.
Misnamed geysers
There are various other types of geysers which are different in nature compared to the normal steam-driven geysers. These geysers not only differ in their style of eruption but also in the cause that makes them erupt. Such geysers are not true geysers but are yet referred as one as they all emit water under pressure.
Artificial geysers
In a number of places where there is geothermal activity, wells have been drilled and fitted with impermeable casements that allow them to erupt like geysers. The vents of such geysers are artificial, but are tapped into natural hydrothermal systems. These so-called artificial geysers, technically known as erupting geothermal wells, are not true geysers. Little Old Faithful Geyser, in Calistoga, California , is an example. The geyser erupts from the casing of a well drilled in the late 1800s. According to Dr. John Rinehart in his book A Guide to Geyser Gazing (1976 p. 49), a man had drilled into the geyser in search for water. He had actually "simply opened up a dead geyser".
Cold-water geysers
Cold-water geysers' eruption is similar to their hot water counterparts, except that CO2 bubbles drive the eruption instead of steam. In cold-water geysers, CO2-laden water lies in a confined aquifer, in which water and CO2 are trapped by less permeable overlying strata. This water and CO2 can escape this strata only in weak regions like faults, joints, or drilled wells. A drilled borehole provides an escape for the pressurized water and CO2 to reach the surface. The magnitude and frequency of such eruptions depend on various factors such as plumbing depth, CO2 concentrations, aquifer yield etc. The column of water exerts enough pressure on the gaseous CO2 so that it remains in the water in small bubbles. When the pressure decreases due to formation of a fissure, the CO2 bubbles expand. This expansion displaces the water and causes the eruption.The appearance of cold-water geysers may be quite similar to their steam-driven counterparts; however, often CO2-laden water is more white and frothy. The best known of these is probably Crystal Geyser , near Green River, Utah .. There are also two cold-water geysers in Germany, Brubbel and Geysir Andernach, and one in Slovakia, Herlany .
Perpetual spouter
This is a natural hot spring that spouts water constantly without stopping for recharge. Some of these are incorrectly called geysers, but because they are not periodic in nature they are not considered true geysers.
Commercial uses of geysers
The geyser Strokkur in Iceland; as a tourist spot.
Geysers are used for various activities such as electricity generation, heating and tourism. Many geothermal reserves are found all around the world. The geyser fields in Iceland are some of the most commercially viable geyser locations in the world. Since the 1920s hot water directed from the geysers has been used to heat greenhouses and to grow food that could not have been cultivated in Iceland's inhospitable climate. Steam and hot water from the geysers has also been used for heating homes since 1943 in Iceland. In 1979 the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) actively promoted development of geothermal energy in the Geysers-Calistoga Known Geothermal Resource Area ( KGRA) through a variety of research programs and the Geothermal Loan Guarantee Program. The Department is obligated by law to assess the potential environmental impacts of geothermal development.
"Geysers" elsewhere in the Solar System
There are several bodies elsewhere in the Solar System where jet-like eruptions, often termed "geysers", have been observed or are believed to occur. Unlike geysers on Earth, these represent eruptions of gas, together with entrained dust or ice particles, without liquid.
Geyser-like plumes of water vapor, together with ice particles and smaller amounts of other components (such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, ammonia, hydrocarbons and silicates), have been observed erupting from vents associated with the "tiger stripes" in the south polar region of Saturn's moon Enceladus by the Cassini orbiter. The mechanism by which the plumes are generated remains uncertain, but they are believed to be powered at least in part by tidal heating resulting from orbital eccentricity due to a 2:1 mean motion orbital resonance with the moon Dione. These jets are believed to be the source of Saturn's E Ring.
Dark streaks deposited by geysers on Triton
One of the great surprises of the Voyager 2 flyby of Neptune in 1989 was the discovery of geyser-like eruptions on its moon, Triton. Astronomers noticed dark plumes rising to some 8 km above the surface, and depositing material up to 150 km downwind. These plumes represent invisible jets of gaseous nitrogen, together with dust. All the geysers observed were located close to Triton's subsolar point, indicating that solar heating drives the eruptions. It is thought that the surface of Triton probably consists of a semi-transparent layer of frozen nitrogen overlying a darker substrate, which creates a kind of "solid greenhouse effect", heating and vaporizing nitrogen below the ice surface it until the pressure breaks the surface at the start of an eruption. Voyager's images of Triton's southern hemisphere show many streaks of dark material laid down by geyser activity.
Similar solar heating-driven jets of gaseous carbon dioxide are believed to erupt from the south polar cap of Mars each spring. While these eruptions have not yet been directly observed, they leave evidence in the form of dark spots and lighter fans atop the dry ice, representing sand and dust carried aloft by the eruptions, and a spider-like pattern of grooves created below the ice by the outrushing gas.
Mud pot
Hydrothermal explosion
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Велика печатка штату Вайомінг () — один з державних символів штату Вайомінг, США. Печатка була створена 1893 року, перероблена 1921 року.

Жінка, зображена на прапорі, символізує політичні права жінок, якими користуються жінки Вайомінгу з прийняттям поправки до виборчого право 1869 року. Позаду статуї викарбувано напис «Рівні права», з боків чоловічі фігури символізують домашню худобу та гірничодобувну промисловість штату. Номер 44 на п'ятикутної зірки означає, що Вайомінг був прийнятий до Спілки 44 за рахунком. Сувої, обвивають стовпи, несуть слова нафту, гірничорудна промисловість, тваринництво та зерно, які є чотирма головними галузями Вайомінгу.

Державна печатка поміщені в вітражі стель Палати представників та Сенату Вайомінгу. Печатка також об'єднана з прапором, яка помітно її доповнює всередині силуету американського бізона.

Див. також
 Прапор Вайомінгу

Примітки

Посилання
 Велика печатка штату Вайомінг

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Telltale's 'The Walking Dead': Questions Are 'All That Remains'
Clementine faces new enemies and new mysteries as her journey through the zombie apocalypse continues.
Josh Wigler roundhoward 12/18/2013
Clementine knows a thing or two about survival, but as an 11-year-old, she still has much to learn.
She'll have plenty of opportunity to learn new lessons as "The Walking Dead" continues its second season, if the first episode, "All That Remains," is any indication. The bleak, post-apocalypse zombie series has introduced new enemies and mysteries with its season two premiere, leaving us with a whole lot of questions while we wait for the arrival of episode two, titled "A House Divided."
Here are some of our burning "Walking Dead: Season Two" questions:
1. Who Is Carver?
Clearly, he is someone with enough might to frighten even a strong-jawed sharp-shooter like Pete. Indeed, all of Clementine's new companions seem deathly afraid of this Carver character. All we know about him so far is that he was once a part of this group, and ... well, that's it. It seems very likely that Carver was responsible for all of the bullet-riddled bodies at the end of "All That Remains," but that's just a theory for now. Whoever he is, Carver is poised to have a big impact on "The Walking Dead" going forward. Whether he becomes a fan-favorite hero ala Daryl Dixon, or a fan-hated villain like the Governor, remains to be seen.
2. Who Is Still Alive?
In the trailer for Season Two's second episode, Clementine looks at someone off-screen and says, "I thought you were dead." Who the hell could that be? The easy and obvious answer is Christa, given that her current whereabouts are unknown. (More on that in a second.) It's certainly possible that this someone is from Clementine's life before the apocalypse, but that feels anticlimactic. Our bet: it's Kenny. We never saw him die in the first "Walking Dead" season; it was only assumed. Further prediction: Kenny and Carver are one in the same. Did your brain just explode?
3. What Happened To Christa?
There are a lot of question marks surrounding this character. The obvious place to start is, well, where is she? We last saw her surrounded by a group of aggressive human survivors; it's entirely possible she didn't make it out of that situation alive. But if she did, where did she go? And here's an equally important question: What happened to her baby? Christa was very pregnant with Omid's child at the start of "All That Remains." But after the 16-month time-jump, there's no sign or talk of the baby whatsoever. Not good...
4. Will Clementine Grow Up?
Speaking of the time-jump, what are the odds that Clementine grows up? Life expectancies in "The Walking Dead" aren't exactly long, but Clementine has survived quite a while at this point. We met her as an eight-year-old, and now, she's 11. Three years have passed over the course of just six episodes. Will Clementine continue to get older? Will we eventually play as her as a teenager, or even as a young woman? Time will tell.
5. Did I Really Have To Kill The Dog?
Because I really didn't want to. Damn you, Telltale!
What are your burning questions going into the next "Walking Dead" episode? Let us know in the comments section below!

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Federal Assistance and a Warm Summer Kept Most Cleveland Restaurants Open Through the Pandemic. That's About to Change
Posted By Douglas Trattner on Wed, Oct 7, 2020 at 10:03 AM
Walt Stoneburner/FlickrCC
"I've never seen a summer like this in Cleveland," says Doug Katz. "I'm so grateful that we have had this. But I think it's going to be a true awakening when it gets too cold."
After enduring six months of awful, terrifying and confounding hardships, the vast majority of Cleveland restaurants still are open. While we have lost many prominent places, including Spice, Ushabu, Distill Table, XO Prime Steaks, Tastebuds, Zaytoon and Katz's Fire, the number of independent eateries that have permanently closed has not risen to the fateful levels predicted.
That's good news, obviously. But it's far from a success story. Restaurants might be open for business, but most are teetering on cliff's edge. The ones that are clinging to life despite once-in-a-generation challenges are doing so in MacGyver-like fashion by knitting together a web of short-term fixes. Federal assistance like the Paycheck Protection Program provided a vital lifeline. Expanded outdoor dining areas helped to mitigate social-distancing guidelines that cut occupancy by half. Belt-tightening measures have translated to leaner staffs, shorter days and weeks, and limited menus. Those measures are supplemented by revenue generating "pivots" such as setting up makeshift bodegas, selling meal kits and whipping up to-go cocktails.
But the economic assistance has dried up, winter is just around the corner and all the pivots in the world won't offset the loss of precious holiday business. Many restaurant owners are terrified about what's to come, while others who can read the tea leaves are electing to get out while the getting is bad as opposed to miserable.
According to the Ohio Restaurant Association, nearly 80-percent of restaurants statewide have now reopened. But a recent poll conducted by the organization revealed that a majority of owners reported sales that were down at least 50-percent compared to the previous year. Worse, 79-percent of them do not expect to break even in 2020. And worse still, more than half stated that if things do not improve, they will be forced to permanently close within nine months. Which ones ultimately survive will depend on a host of factors that include location, size of dining room, style of service, demographics of clientele, reputation within the dining community, and whether the property is leased or owned.
If the closure of Fire exposed anything, it is just how slim profit margins are – and how tenuous daily survival can be – for a full-service restaurant. Katz says that his decision to permanently shutter his 20-year-old bistro was unavoidable given the financial realities. In the best of times, when Fire enjoyed robust food and alcohol sales indoors and out throughout the week, month and year, the net return was between four and six percent annually.
"If you look at the profit level, and look at where you're at with cutting seats, you're really in trouble," he explains. "The costs in a normal time are so expensive that it's really all smoke and mirrors when it comes to the bottom line. And then something like this happens. Even at 90 percent it doesn't work. We realized that we had to make some serious decisions."
In an ordinary world, being hailed as a restaurant with the toughest reservations to obtain is quite the accolade. In Umami's case, that honor was earned thanks to great food and service, sure, but also the restaurant's almost comically diminutive proportions. In the age of social distancing, an intimate 30-seat dining room is wholly unworkable.
"We were just too small," says partner Mike Mendlovic on the closure of that beloved Chagrin Falls bistro. "From one side to the other is barely six feet, so that was the biggest issue for us. It wasn't worth it to us to stay open and pay all those bills as small as we are."
Despite closing in June, the restaurant recently reopened as a carry-out only restaurant (with dine-in service one night per week) as a way to stay alive and relevant until something changes, according to Mendlovic.
"This is a short-term, not a long-term, solution," he says. "We don't want Umami to disappear. We do want to come back as a full-fledged restaurant."
On the other end of that spectrum is Dan Deagan. As a partner in four very different types of establishments, he is able to reduce his risk, spread his losses and ride this crisis out like a well-diversified investor. His portfolio includes Dive Bar, Humble Wine Bar, Deagan's Kitchen and Lakewood Truck Park, each possessing certain strengths and weaknesses that help offset each other.
"Having very different types of places seems to be helping," he explains. "I can sort of hedge my bet. It has to be terrifying for the people who have one place."
Lacking a patio, Deagan's Kitchen typically is slow in summer. To counter that, Deagan built the Truck Park, which has 8,000 square feet of open-air space, an absolute boon given this summer's weather. Deagan's has a spacious dining room that is more conducive to social distancing than Humble, which loses a significant chunk of its revenue-generating seats. And then there's the matter of the 10 p.m. curfew on alcohol sales.
"The curfew doesn't affect Deagan's, Humble or Truck Park too much because by 10 o'clock we're pretty much done anyway," the owner explains. "But nobody goes to Dive Bar until midnight, so Dive Bar might as well not even be open at this point."
If a restaurant does have a reasonable amount of dining room space to play with, the million-dollar question remains: Will customers be at ease dining indoors when Cleveland patios are buried beneath a fresh dusting of snow?
"I think most people at this point are comfortable dining outside," says Matthew Stipe, owner of Banter. "And you'll always have that group of people who will go out and dine no matter what. It's that percentage of people who might be willing to sit on a patio but maybe not dine in when most of the scientific data, even though the CDC took a lot of it down, points to these aerosols that are rampant in restaurants."
Stipe concluded that his clientele largely did not consist of the people who ignored all threats to personal safety, but rather the other two-thirds that are more cautious. Because of that, he decided to close the west-side location of Banter this month (Banter Van Aken District remains) rather than suffer what likely would be a long, slow demise.
"We've done fine on the west side these last five years, but the best we could hope for was kind of breaking even and it didn't make sense to wish on a star that that's the best that can happen when more than likely the opposite – or much worse – would end up happening," he explains.
Jeff Fisher, who operates Salted Dough in Broadview Heights, has the same fears that Stipe does, but he's using every tool at his disposal to hold back the floodwaters. When he lost more than half his seats indoors to distancing, he expanded his patio into the parking lot to recoup them. But with winter looming, he's going to have to fight even harder to preserve that income.
"Because we are out in the suburbs, we don't have the younger crowd that is a little more carefree," Fisher explains. "We have a little bit of an older clientele who are much more socially aware. Some won't eat at the restaurant unless they are eating outside."
So what's an operator to do? For Fisher, that means raising a tent, slapping on side walls, firing up the propane heaters, installing ventilation, hiring third-party disinfection services and praying that people continue to visit, eat and spend. Of course, given the cost of all those measures, his nut just got a whole lot meatier.
"As long as we can keep up the numbers that we've been doing, we can break even or do a little beyond," he says. "We go into survival mode."
Survival to Chris Lieb means cutting costs, increasing safety measures and cashing in on the goodwill that he and his partners have banked at Butcher and the Brewer during their six years on E. Fourth Street. After sitting on the sidelines for six months, the restaurant recently reopened, but in limited fashion: everything has been scaled back, including the staff, the menu and the days and hours of operation.
"The reality of it is, we can't go full bore; there's just not enough business to support it," he explains. "We scaled it all back so that we can try to function in this atmosphere – and still do it very well – but not to the degree we're used to."
Lieb adds that downtown restaurants are hit especially hard given the lack of sporting events, concerts, theater, conventions and daily commuters. The goal, he says, is to be that reason to visit.
"There are things that are out of our control," he explains. "The things that are in our control that will separate us will be the quality of our product, our service, our atmosphere… all the things that we've always done well. If people think of you as an average place to go – especially now with the reduced amount of places to go – you're going to see a clear distinction. I think the places that continue to do that have a chance."
Ask an operator what the most challenging aspect of this seemingly never-ending nightmare is and more than likely the answer will be the uncertainty of it all. For owners like Katz and Stipe, both of whom were approaching lease renegotiations, the path presented itself with unvarnished clarity. For everybody else, life is a daily roller coaster of ambiguity and anxiety.
"We haven't made any decisions because you can't make any decisions until you know what's going to happen," says Michael Symon, who has restaurants downtown and in suburban Cleveland. "Will there be more PPP. Is there going to be a vaccine in a month, six months, one year. Will people take it when it comes out or be afraid. You just try and make good decisions every day, but it's a moving target. Sometimes you do something that works and then you try the exact same thing again but it doesn't work. In a business that is always a little bit fickle, now it's so unpredictable."
Another factor that can tip the scales of survival is whether or not the restaurant owner rents or owns the property. While many tenants we spoke to were quick to compliment their landlords for "working with them" on rent payments, not a single one mentioned any type of monetary forgiveness. The best most could hope for is a modified payment schedule.
When Bonnie Flinner decided to open a business 15 years ago, she was dead set on property ownership. She purchased a chestnut of a building in Tremont, opened Prosperity Social Club and knew that she had made the kind of investment that would help pave the way to a happy retirement.
"That has probably been my saving grace," she says with respect to the current situation. "For people who have to pay rent and who don't have a landlord that's working with them, that's going to be a nail in their coffin for sure."
But it's not all good news for property owners like Flinner, who might have been eager to cash in their chips and ride off to the next chapter of their lives.
"I have thought about a transition, but a lot of businesses are now so devalued without the sales that they have established over the years and years of being in business," she explains. "You don't want to flush that all down the toilet to a bottom feeder during the pandemic."
Now imagine how hard that decision-making process becomes when your restaurant is approaching 100 years old and happens to be sitting on prime real estate. That's the sort of weight that saddles Bernie Sokolowski, who along with partners operates Sokolowski's University Inn in Tremont. That iconic Cleveland restaurant, opened in 1923 and the recipient of a James Beard "American Classics" Award, has yet to reopen.
"We're still evaluating everything," admits Sokolowski. "The way it's set up right now with the distancing and everything else, it wouldn't be feasible for us to open up. We do a volume business and it just wouldn't work."
Like every other restaurant owner, Sokolowski is struggling to make a clear-headed decision in the foggiest of times. But the heartbreaking truth of the matter is this: You might already have enjoyed your last meal at Sokolowski's.
"I hope it doesn't come to that, I really don't," he says. "We've been lucky, we've been blessed. I grew up in that house. I grew up upstairs. That place was my living room down there where I would watch TV as a kid. I shake my head sometimes thinking about some of the people. Not so much celebrities as regular Clevelanders. Beautiful people. Kind people."
The independent restaurant industry employs more than 11 million people. When restaurants – independent or otherwise – close, it affects not only the owners and staff, but also a litany of supporting businesses like produce, meat, seafood, beer and wine distributors. But also the bakeries, florists, equipment repair folks and cleaning companies.
"I don't think the general public realizes the trickle-down effect," states Flinner. "The normal person might think that restaurants are struggling, but it's more than just the staff, it's the purveyors, it's the farmers, it's the linen company, it's the soap guy… it's everybody."
So far, we've been spared the grim carnage that has been prophesied for so many months, but only a fool thinks the worst is behind us. Social distancing guidelines or not, an estimated 30-percent of diners do not feel comfortable eating indoors. Those fears will increase as cold and flu season picks up. Additional federal aid packages might help, but given the current legislative climate, it likely would be too little and too late for many. Short of a silver bullet like a miracle vaccine, operators have little reason to feel optimistic.
"I think there's going to be sort of a culling of the herd when it comes to restaurants in this town pretty soon, and not necessarily just restaurants that were struggling already," predicts Stipe. "It's the people who make the difficult but intelligent decision that perhaps it's time to throw in the towel or move onto something else. Obviously, I wish it wasn't the case, but I think it's going to get scary again through the end of the year."
If there is a silver lining, it's that Cleveland could be in a worse position. Stephen Taylor, who leads the Restaurant Practice Group of the local CBRE office, sees glimmers of hope and even reasons to be positive.
"I think Ohio has bounced back," he says. "It's definitely one of the stronger states. Those markets which are very heavily focused on corporate traffic, convention business and tourism like New York, New Orleans, Vegas, Orlando… that will take a lot longer to turn around. Restaurants in New York City or Chicago with very small footprints are going to have challenges. There's obviously going to be some big changes to the industry. Unfortunately there's going to be some more closings. But there is going to be some big operators looking for new spaces. I'm optimistic about the future."
Some of the industry shifts that Taylor references, such as fast-casual and quick-serve restaurants, have been on the upswing for years. Others, like the birth of ghost kitchens, are just beginning to heat up. Both categories are better suited to weather the pandemic than full-service eateries for a number of reasons.
"Fast-casual is perfect for this time because of the way it's set up," explains Victor Searcy of Sauce the City. "We're in between fast food and dining in, so you're still getting that quality of ingredients but you have the choice to sit and eat or go out. There is no pressure to dine in."
In fact, volume-based businesses like Searcy's depend on speedy turnover, where people get in, get their food, and get out. While check averages are significantly lower than those of full-service restaurants, operators serve more customers while spending considerably less to do so.
"We don't have the overhead costs of a full-service staff," Searcy adds. "We basically just have our cooking staff and register people and that's it."
Chimi, a virtual eatery in Cleveland Heights, takes the concept a step further. Diners never even step foot inside the door, relying instead on pickup and delivery to secure their meal. Doug Katz opened the South American concept in a catering kitchen that was idled by the lack of event business. The lean operation lacks the lofty rent, bloated payrolls and day-to-day costs of a conventional full-service restaurant.
"The minute you open a brick-and-mortar restaurant, your costs just skyrocket," explains Katz.
The concept, which opened during the pandemic, has been so successful that the chef will open a second ghost restaurant out of the same commissary sometime this month. Expect other operators to follow suit as we enter a winter of new adjustments to another new normal.
Tags: Food, Dining, Restaurants, Coronavirus, COVID-19, Image
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Grey's Anatomy alum Isaiah Washington is returning to series television with a co-starring role in the CW pilot The 100, based on Alloy's books. Set 97 years after a nuclear war destroyed civilization, it revolves around 100 juvenile delinquents sent back to Earth to investigate the possibility of re-colonizing the planet. Washington will play Chancellor Jaha, the leader of the remaining human race now living in the orbiting space station. Washington, whose indie Blue Caprice was recently picked up by Sundance Selects, just signed with Caliber Media and Inqlusion Entertainment.
ER alumna Michael Michele has been cast in Delirium, Fox's drama pilot from Karyn Usher, 20th TV and Chernin Entertainment. Based on the book trilogy, it is set in a world where love is deemed illegal and can be eradicated with a special procedure. With 95 days to go until her scheduled treatment, Lena Holoway (Emma Roberts) does the unthinkable: she falls in love. Michele, repped by Innovative and Untitled, will play Senator Elyse Hargrove, an ambitious widow with three children and Presidential aspirations who has a growing opposition to the political insurrection.


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20th Anniversary of the Martha J. Hampton Award
Every year, the Workers' Compensation Section of the Philadelphia Bar Association (PBA) selects a recipient to receive the Martha J. Hampton award. Not only does this year mark the 25th anniversary of the Workers' Compensation Section of the Philadelphia Bar Association, but it also commemorates the 20th anniversary of the Martha J. Hampton award itself, which honors former Galfand Berger partner Martha Hampton.
The Honoree: Michael Snyder
The honor of receiving the Martha J. Hampton award is reserved exclusively for attorneys or judges who best embody the qualities that Martha herself exemplified: dedication, professionalism, and good will. This year's award recipient is Michael Snyder, Chancellor of the Philadelphia Bar Association and a former Workers' Compensation judge with 15 years on the bench. Judge Snyder served twice as Co-Chair of the Workers' Compensation Section of the PBA and also served as a member of the Section's Pro Bono committee. Currently, Judge Snyder is a distinguished neutral mediator and arbitrator at The Dispute Resolution Institute, where he works to resolve conflict across many different areas of legal practice. He is also an Adjunct Professor at Temple University's Beasley School of Law.
Also of note is that Judge Snyder is the first former sitting judge to take on the role of Chancellor for the Bar Association. Founded in 1802, the Philadelphia Bar Association is the oldest association of lawyers in the United States. For 218 years, it has served its mission of being a keystone in the ongoing developments of the Philadelphia and Pennsylvania legal systems.
Martha J. Hampton, Former Partner
Not only was Martha a former partner with our firm but she also was instrumental in getting the Workers' Compensation committee recognized as a Section within the PBA. The Section addresses the special needs of attorneys who practice workers' compensation law and also maintains several subgroups and committees that give lawyers the opportunity to learn, enhance their skills, and serve their communities at large.
Martha was committed to the practice of workers' compensation law and her interests extended far beyond the individual cases she litigated. Martha never shied away from being a fierce advocate for her clients but she could also seamlessly discuss personal matters with opposing council over a friendly cup of coffee. Martha had a diverse and active life: she was a past president of the Section, wrote articles for the Legal Intelligencer, and even testified before various subcommittees in Harrisburg on proposed legislation. The goal of memorializing and honoring Martha's passion and her respect for legal practitioners and the profession at-large led to the creation of the Martha J. Hampton award.
Every year, Galfand Berger, LLP makes a charitable donation to Kids Chance on behalf of the Workers' Compensation Section of the Philadelphia Bar Association and to honor the recipient of the award. Kids Chance is a not-for-profit organization that helps youngsters who lost a parent due to a work related injury to achieve a higher level of education. To learn more about the Martha J. Hampton award, you can submit an online inquiry.
Philadelphia Workers' Compensation Lawyers at Galfand Berger, LLP Represent Victims of Negligence in the Workplace
With offices located in Philadelphia, Bethlehem, Lancaster, and Reading, Galfand Berger serves clients throughout Pennsylvania and New Jersey. To schedule a consultation, call us at 800-222-8792 or complete our online contact form.


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'Jurassic Park' and 'Jaws' Top the Box Office in the Age of Coronavirus, 'Little Women' Crosses $100 Million Overseas
Posted on Tuesday, June 23rd, 2020 by Ethan Anderton
In the age of coronavirus, the box office has been essentially nonexistent. There aren't any new movies to rake in the cash, so the likes of Trolls World Tour and Invisible Man have been topping the box office. But retro favorites have proven popular in repertory drive-in screenings, which is why Jurassic Park and Jaws have returned to the top of the charts yet again.
Meanwhile, overseas, theaters are reopening with movies that are only just now arriving in international markets for the first time. That's why Little Women has just now crossed $100 million at the international box office.
Deadline has the numbers from last weekend's box office that have Jurassic Park and Jaws taking the top two spots on the chart respectively. Jurassic Park earned $517,000 from 230 screens while Jaws, which just celebrated its milestone 45th anniversary last weekend, followed close behind with $516,000 from 187 screens. If Jaws had more screens, the shark might have taken a bite out of the tyrannosaurus rex for the weekend.
The surprise box office victory by two Steven Spielberg classics comes after Trolls World Tour stayed in the number one spot for nine weekends in a row, followed by a recent resurgence of The Invisible Man taking the top spot. But as audiences get hungry for movies that make them feel good, classic library titles have started to garner a lot of attention. The rest of the Top 10 also includes, Back to the Future, E.T. The Extra Terrestrial, and The Goonies, making Steven Spielberg the king of the drive-ins. Maybe we'll even see some of the Indiana Jones movies popping up, because those have been playing at drive-ins a lot recently.
However, this kind of box office chart isn't likely to last much longer. July will finally start to see new movies hitting theaters as they reopen. But right now, out of the top grossing 201 cinemas, 160 of them were drive-ins, but it remains to be seen if that will hold up once multiplexes open up their doors. After all, the few movie theaters open right now aren't doing so well business-wise, with the highest earning $14,000. Of course, that may be based on the movies available rather than interest from audiences. The real test will be when movies like Mulan and Tenet start hitting theaters in late July.
Little Women Passes $100 Million Internationally
Internationally, movie theaters are opening sooner than the United States, especially in countries like Japan that were hit early by coronavirus and are recovering much sooner, or countries like Denmark that dealt with the situation swiftly and efficiently. Little Women earned $475,000 from 472 screens in 12 foreign markets.
Little Women just opened in Japan, earning $300,000, and it also recently opened in Denmark, where it landed another $170,000. Combined with the rest of the international box office, the global total for Little Women now stands at $209 million.
It's not exactly the most exciting update, but this is the first time a major studio has reported theatrical box office numbers to The Hollywood Reporter since movie theaters shut down. With around 2,000 theaters reopening soon around the world, hopefully things are about to get better at the box office. Then again, with coronavirus cases still on the rise in many parts of the United States, maybe we shouldn't get our hopes up just yet.
Cool Stuff: Waxwork Records Spinatures Subscription Includes 'Dracula', 'The Wolfman', 'Jaws' & More
'Jurassic World Aftermath' Review: This Hair-Raising Stealth Game Keeps You on Edge But Needs More Variety
'Jurassic World Aftermath' Trailer: This VR Game Will Have You Hiding from Velociraptors
Box Office, Business and Industry News, Jaws, jurassic park, Little Women


Teachers who suspect a problem should take action. If left undetected, dyslexia may stop a student from mastering the basics of reading, writing and arithmetic, damage self esteem and self confidence and have negative long-term effects. If dyslexia is identified and appropriate interventions put into place, students can be enabled to achieve their potential.
An Educational Psychology Assessment is carried out by an educational psychologist and includes testing of cognitive abilities as well as literacy skills (and sometimes numeracy skills if maths difficulties are reported). The educational psychologist also needs to get background information from parents, individuals, schools, colleges or any other relevant sources. Conclusions are made based on a combination of the history reported and the performance on the tests.
The assessment session varies in length, but on average it takes about 3 hours. A detailed written report is supplied a few weeks after the assessment, which contains relevant history, test results, conclusions and most importantly recommendations for addressing any areas of difficulty which emerged.
Contact the child's parents to discuss concerns.
Advise parents to have the child's hearing and sight tested.
Perform a dyslexia screening test, if available in the school/college. Screening tests help to identify how 'at risk' a student is of having dyslexia. If a student scores highly a risk then a more in-depth assessment is advisable.
Discuss with parents the need for an Educational Psychology Assessment which is done with a qualified educational psychologist. This should describe the nature and extent of the problem and provide recommendations for useful help. A teacher's report makes a vital contribution to the assessment. Make a list of the child's strengths and weaknesses and provide relevant test results – this gives valuable background information to the educational psychologist.
There are generally 3 ways to get an assessment done in Ireland – in school with NEPS, with the Dyslexia Association or with an independent private educational psychologist.
1. School-going children may be tested free by the National Educational Psychological Service (NEPS). School principals will have information on this. Schools are only allowed a limited number of assessments each year, so in practice, only students with very severe difficulties are likely to be seen through the school service.
3. There are also many independent private educational psychologists, throughout the country. A list of registered psychologists can be obtained from the Psychological Society of Ireland's website at www.psihq.ie, by emailing the Society at info@psihq.ie or by writing to the Psychological Society of Ireland, Floor 2, Grantham House, Grantham St., Dublin 2. School principals or college disability support staff may also know some private educational psychologists in your area who accept referrals.


Trish, I love this entry and the pics. Beautifully written. I'm right there with you sister!
There are so many books written about parenting, but none teaching us how to let go. It's a real shock to the system when we're faced with the reality. Touching sentiment Trish.
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TYSONS CORNER, VA, February 12, 2019 — Sean Berg, senior vice president and general manager of Forcepoint, has said the risk-adaptive approach employed by the Transportation Security Agency's TSA PreCheck airport screening program exemplifies a way for federal agencies to address growing cyber threats, ExecutiveBiz reported Feb. 1.
Berg wrote in an opinion piece published Jan. 31 that the program, which looks into known user behaviors and voluntarily submitted background information to deliver targeted traveler screening, shows how risk-adaptive security is more optimal than a one-size-fits-all approach.
"By focusing on individuals and their behaviors … the government can implement more targeted and effective security measures — ones that detect when data or credentials have likely been compromised — that do not inhibit productivity," he said.


text:
Episode 21–Edwin Hawkins
Sad news from the world of music this week as we learn that Edwin Hawkins has died at the age of 74. I have to confess that this came as a surprise because I started doing the math and realized that Hawkins was in his mid-20s when "Oh Happy Day" became a hit. For whatever reason I thought he was at least twenty years older THEN.
Hawkins was the founder of the Northern California State Youth Choir, and the choir recorded some songs to make a fundraiser album, which unfortunately didn't get pressed until after the event for which they needed the money. That event was a choral competition, and the NCSYC came in second, perhaps because "Oh Happy Day" wasn't one of the songs they sang. As it turns out, that wasn't one of their favorite songs!
The unexpected success of "Oh Happy Day" led to the group being asked to provide the backup singing for Melanie's tribute to her experience at Woodstock, "Lay Down (Candles in the Rain)".
The Edwin Hawkins Singers experienced some more success on the Gospel charts over the years, and lead singer Dorothy Morrison gained acclaim as a backup singer for several rock artists.
And I'm sure you know the drill by now, but if your RSS feed is failing you somehow, there's always the player below for listening or downloading:
And please feel free to leave comments here, or leave a review on your favorite podcast software.
Author Claude CallPosted on January 20, 2018 July 8, 2018 Categories 1960s, 1969, 1970, 1970s
Episode 20–Mercedes Benz
Neil Young sang "It's better to burn out, than to fade away," but Damn, Janis, couldn't you have burned with us just a little bit longer?
Janis Joplin was a ball of raw talent who took a rough childhood and let it inform her musical style. And that almost certainly carried through to the listener. When she sounded sad, so did you. When she was feeling silly, it immediately conveyed. And when she sang in an anguished style, you were right there with her.
What's more, her band members, whether it was Big Brother and the Holding Company, the Kozmic Blues Band, or the Full Tilt Boogie Band, really knocked themselves out to support her sound. Listen especially hard to the Pearl album, where a lot of the instrumentals were recorded over a ten-day span shortly after Joplin died.
But Joplin's last recorded album track wasn't even necessarily meant to be on the album. It was a piece that started out as an a capella goof during a technical breakdown while recording, and the producer decided that it needed to be on the album. What's more, it needed to remain as-is, without any instrumentation.
I don't know if her friends drove Porsches, but Janis certainly did. She bought the 1964 vehicle in 1968 for $3500 and used it as her day-to-day vehicle. The car now resides in Gull Lake, MI.
"Mercedes Benz" was based on a piece by Beat poet Michael McClure, and it was a comment on the futility of social climbing by gathering material goods. It was an interesting time for rock musicians, because they were starting to get recognition AND the money that comes with fame, and in a lot of cases they purchased expensive stuff such as cars and big houses even as they decried them in their songs. Despite this somewhat mixed message, the car company took the tone-deaf step of using it in one of their ads.
Next week: more surprise cover songs! I keep finding these things. And one in particular was a huge surprise for me.
If your podcatcher of choice hasn't picked up the track yet, you're more than welcome to click on this link to download or listen (opens in a new window), or feel free to listen right here:
And, of course, I'd be only too happy if you were to leave some positive feedback wherever you get your podcasts.
http://howgooditis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/20-Mercedes-Benz.mp3
Author Claude CallPosted on January 13, 2018 July 8, 2018 Categories 1970, 1970s
From Third To First!
For the record (heh), I have no idea why I goofed during the recording of Episode 19. But goof I did.
When I put each podcast together, I have a bunch of information that I'm trying to gather into a coherent narrative. Since I don't typically think that way, that means that I script about 90% of the show, and only leave a small amount of time to ad-libs or other happy accidents. I also mix the show as I record it in small chunks, so a 10-13 minute podcast can be made up of anywhere between 8 and 20 elements that I have to mix and/or edit together. That's neither here nor there; the important thing I'm trying to convey is that the show is largely scripted.
So while I was editing, I noticed something I'd said incorrectly. And I said it with such confidence that, when I heard it–and realized immediately that I'd said something wrong, I said, "That's gotta be in the script." So I went back to the script and…nope, it's written correctly. So, without explanation, I have to apologize for something I said at about 9:30 in the show. I said, "I kinda like what they did in the first verse, with Bill Medley losing patience." In fact, that happened in the third verse, not the first.
I don't know what was going through my head (BuSpar, maybe), but as soon as I heard it, I knew better. But I also knew that I wasn't going back to the studio to re-record a single sentence for a relatively inconsequential error. So now you get a dopey story here.
And, to more properly atone for my sin, I present this offering.
Don't hate me.
Author Claude CallPosted on January 8, 2018 Categories House Keeping
Episode 19–The Coasters
The group in 1961: Dub Jones, Carl Gardner, Cornell Gunter, Billy Guy. This was the configuration that was inducted into the Rock Hall.
While they're often mistaken for a doo-wop group, The Coasters were actually a rhythm-and-blues vocal group, whose greatest successes came when they were teamed with the composers Jerry Lieber and Mike Stoller, and when they had humorous material to work with.They made such an impression on other artists that it was a small wonder when, in 1987, they became the first group inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. (Yeah, I know I'm kinda splitting hairs, here: the previous year was all individuals plus the Everly Brothers. But I'm sticking by this assessment.)
One of the posters for the movie, which inspired the Coasters' song (but the song isn't based on the movie). This ain't a bad place to be, if you're Gary Cooper.
Their peak years, chart-wise, were between 1958 and 1960, when all of their Top 40 singles were released. In today's episode we talk about three of them: Yakety Yak, Charlie Brown, and Along Came Jones. After these three came two more: Poison Ivy and Little Egypt, which were more clever than funny.
There have been numerous configurations of the group since the first day, so you could argue that the one in the photo above, which is responsible for most of the hits, was the magic bullet. Through many personnel changes, The Coasters never quite reached the same level of success.
As if you didn't know this already: you can listen to the show via your favorite podcatcher, or you can just click on the player right here for listening or downloading:
And a kind word in iTunes, or Spotify, or wherever better podcasts are sold, goes a long way toward making this show more visible to the world at large. Thanks for your continued support!
Author Claude CallPosted on January 6, 2018 July 8, 2018 Categories 1950s, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1960s


Kung fu is a martial art stemming from Korea. Martial art equated means "the means of the hand and foot", subsequently, the emphasis of Martial art gets on technique with hand and also foot motions as well as methods. Individuals start taking Kung fu classes for different reasons. This martial art has many applications and also advantages, such as physical conditioning, mental and also physical technique, self defense, and also a lot more. It offers the chance to involve with others in a fun, challenging as well as useful activity.
Beginning kung fu training can at first be daunting. Some are afraid that they are out of shape, as well old, not sports sufficient, and also a wide variety of various other reasons that keep them from beginning. However the initial step is the hardest. Once individuals from kids to the senior begin kung fu training, they find that in the hands of an experienced teacher, they could progress at a pace that is possible for them despite all the issues they share. Any individual with a wish to learn can make great progress in Martial art.
Whether man or lady, young, old, or between, kung fu training could boost mind, body, and also self confidence.In addition, you can acquire those advantages while in an enjoyable, testing martial arts experience. There is no factor not to take partner and also youngsters together to explore the world of kung fu training. The majority of fighting styles colleges invite prospective pupils to experiment with a couple of courses prior to committing.
Children establish very early interest in martial arts and also a youngster as young as 4 years old is typically capable of understanding (and having fun) discovering basic Martial art steps, as well as creating the self-control that will certainly stick with them for a life time. The teenager trying to find a psychological compass could develop self confidence as well as decisiveness beyond their years with kung fu training. The adult could create long-lasting goals carrying out a challenging dynamic physical and also mental task. The elderly can benefit both physically and mentally with fighting styles programs developed particularly for them.
Ideally this has actually given you an excellent reason at some level, to carry out, potentially with your entire family, a task that will certainly be of excellent advantage to anyone, emotionally and physically. Take a look at a Martial art institution near you today. If you are looking for more information on kung fu training, please visit: http://www.shaolinskungfu.com.


Yeah, this is the most baffling thing I've heard from Nintendo. And their reasoning was "oh people have Nintendo adapters already and we need to save environment and stuff"... okay, but what if... Just what if this is the kid's first Nintendo? Or first 3ds since ds?
FYI: AC adapter sold separately.
I think it mainly depends if you want the 3D or not. A lot of people say they don't care for it, but I LOVE the 3D feature and use it in any game that supports it.
This or New 2DS XL with Zelda: Between 2 World from GameStop?
About the only guidance I can provide is the 2DS XL has a cartridge door, and comes with a power adapter.
I'd get the Zelda 2DS XL.
If the price is less sure I'd totally get that Zelda version.
Bottom line is, if you get a Nintendo DS you need to play the new Zelda cuz it was rad!
No 3D effect on the 2DS XL (obviously) - I think there are a few titles you can't play without it, and it may help with some high-mobility games, but Nintendo is doing less and less with this feature.
New 2DS XL is slightly lighter - some say this is better for longer gaming sessions, some say the New 3DS XL has a more substantial feel to it.
New 3DS XL has a slightly higher battery capacity - from all estimates I've read it's around 1 h more life.
That said I'm sticking with my Zelda 2DS XL. It looks cool and is lightweight.
To add to the differences, the 2DS XL now has the speakers bottom-firing underneath the bottom screen panel; the 3DS XL has them front-firing on either side of the top screen.
Last edited by KaiyoJinn August 6, 2018 at 07:15 AM.
Don't buy the AC adapter system. You can buy USB to 3ds cables for a buck or less each and use any AC adapter.
Also, the Nintendo brand one isn't well made. I had to resolder the leads from the plug after a few years of use.
great system. I often skip on 3d to save battery but I can't play monster hunter without it. I also find it helpful for 3d Zelda and Mario.
But the 3D is just a gimmick, no?
I have both the New 3DS XL and the New 3DS XL. The n3DSXL definitely feels better built, but the n2DSXL feels a little nicer in the hand. The n2DSXL is pretty much exactly the same software-wise as the n3DSXL. In many of the screens still have the 3DS branding. But this deal being the really cool SNES n3DSXL for the same price as the n2DSXL is a no brainer IMO.
If you like the graphics, this. Otherwise, whatever game you like more.


On March 26, 2019, the General Services Administration ("GSA") posted a notice on FedBizOpps that it was taking corrective action in response to the recent Court of Federal Claims ("COFC") decision in the bid protest of Citizant, Inc. v. United States, No. 18-856C (Mar. 25, 2019). As part of that corrective action, GSA rescinded all 81 of the Alliant 2 Small Business ("A2SB") contracts it awarded in February 2018. A2SB, issued under Solicitation No. QTA0016GBA0002 in June 2016, is a governmentwide acquisition contract, multiple-award, indefinite-delivery, indefinite-quantity contract for information technology services.


For Grand Rapids, West Michigan, and entrepreneurs anywhere looking to get found online. Standing out from the crowd gets more difficult every year. Here's your guide to getting noticed.
#1: Our top tip for bringing you more business online in 2019 is to claim all of your brand properties.
Most businesses these days have a website. Many have a Facebook page, a LinkedIn profile, or a twitter account. There are many more places online that your business can use to lock down your brand name.
There's a double advantage to doing this. The first is taking control of all pages with your brand name before someone else can use them. The second advantage is gained by occasionally using these platforms to share your content. When the posted content links back to your website, you are letting the search engines know that you are a real brand interested in reaching your customers wherever they hang out online.
#2: Build an excellent reputation using local business citations and third-party reviews.
Citations are merely another way of saying a listing for your business. The classic business citation that most people are familiar with is the yellow pages of your local phone book. Local business citations come in many forms. Some even help build links to your website to improve SEO (getting found in search engines like Google).
Not every citation has to have a link to your website to be helpful. Some search engines use the extra information like the name, address, and phone number listed (NAP) to help verify that you run a legitimate business. These type of citations help both search engines and the users of the website find your business.
Some of the best citations come from of reviews from third-party websites. Users and search engines both use these as an essential indicator of quality. Since a search engine only wants to deliver high-quality results, third-party reviews are a great way to boost your visibility online.
#3: Organize your website content and build it into themed sections.
Years ago many "experts" advised you to build the biggest website you possibly could. Some still do. More important than creating an extensive website, is to create a well-structured site that has a solid theme.
The first part of this is to organize your website's content. You want to sit down and figure out if multiple pages on your site are competing for the same topic. If so, we advise you have an expert help you to properly merge the content into a single more informative page. Note, this can be tricky, so please get help if you aren't 100% sure how to do this the RIGHT way.
The second part is to break the subjects of your website into main articles and supporting articles. For example, our page on Internet Marketing has several supporting articles underneath. Each page covers a specific sub-topic like website design, SEO, and conversion optimization.
#4: Explore multiple methods for generating targeted traffic.
Here's something that will leave some business owners scratching their heads, and will even make others angry. Search engines like Google use website traffic to determine if they should show a site to other users. That's right; it often takes visitors already on your website to get more visitors from search engines.
Obviously, you can boost your visits on a new website by buying search ads directly from the search engines. That's probably their favorite way of having you kickstart your traffic. There are many other ways to get this done. Often for much less than search advertising.
One of our favorite techniques is to develop an exciting piece of content (like this page) and use social media to promote it. Promoting content via social media costs a fraction of what search advertising does, and helps you to grow an audience quickly. This popularity then tells the search engines that you're a superb place to send their searchers as well.
#5: Show your visitors (and search engines) that you are a brand they can trust.
I have to confess something. Number five isn't a new tip. You see, trust is a theme we've covered in every suggestion so far.
Establishing your brand (#1) builds trust. Citations and reviews (#2) build trust. Well researched, organized and structured content (#3) builds trust. Creating something people want and giving it away (#4) builds trust. Most importantly, doing good work builds trust.
There are lots of ways we can help increase the trust in your business, but they only work if your company does fantastic work. Do a better job than your competitors first, then work on the rest later.
If you do great work and you want others to know about it then commit to quality in all aspects of your business. That means having a professional build and audit your website. Host your site on a fast server. Track your visitors and measure your performance. Get real media coverage and real people talking about your brand.
Take action! Building a solid online business reputation isn't rocket science. You can get outstanding results in only a few hours each week. Hiring a professional helps speed things up, but isn't necessary. We can help you save a lot of time and wasted money by guiding you in the right direction.
We've made a PDF guide to go along with this article. It expands on the tips here and goes into more detail. Along with the guide, you'll receive a single weekly email covering something you can do right now to make a measurable impact on your business visibility.
Until next time, good luck out there, and pura vida!


Two Mini-Transcribathons will be held In Iasi as part of the European Cultural Heritage conference during the Romanian presidency of the Council of the European Union . The focus will be on cultural heritage and the impact of digitalisation on society. Hosted at the Palace of Culture in Iași, the Mini-Transcribathons are organised within the scope of the Enrich Europeana project by the Cluj County Library in cooperation with Facts & Files and Europeana. Participants will compete in teams of four to six to transcribe and annotate specially-selected documents from Europeana 1914-1918 during two sessions: one from 11am to 12pm and another between 6:30pm to 7:30pm. Visitors will have the unique opportunity to work with historical documents while exploring the world of those living at that time.
Scrisoare a lui Aurel A. Mureșianu către mama sa, ElenaAurel A. Mureșianu's letter for his mother Elena.
Scrisoare a lui Aurel A. Mureșianu către Elena, mama saAurel A. Mureșianu's letter for his mother Elena.
Scrisoare către Elena Mureșianu de la fiul ei Aurel A. MureșianuLetter for Elena Mureșianu from his son.


True Confessions: I am lousy at breads and biscuits. My many, many attempts usually aren't even edible. Over the years I've learned to shy away from such recipes because, well, repeated failure just doesn't feel good. But after having a scrumptious goat cheese biscuit at a restaurant in Chicago (recipe to come in the spring when I have fresh chives from the garden to add to the recipe) I decided that I just had to give homemade biscuits another try.
The goat cheese biscuits called for 'self rising' flour* – something I never used before. So I bought a package and noticed on the back what looked to be an easy recipe for "Extraordinary Buttermilk Biscuits" and it was as if it was calling my name. 30 minutes later I discovered that the recipe was aptly named (although if I were in charge of naming them I probably would have chosen Best Damn Biscuits Ever). A simple pat of butter and a drizzle of honey and I was in biscuit heaven.
A few tips to ensuring buttery, flaky biscuits: 1) Make sure the butter is cold; use right from the fridge. 2) Before adding the butter to the flour-sugar mixture, cut it into small pieces. An easy way to do this is simply cut the butter into 1/2 T. thickness (use the measurements on the wrapper as a guide) and then cut each piece into 4 to 6 pieces.
mixture is crumbly. Pour in buttermilk and stir until dough leaves side of bowl. If dough is dry, add an additional 1 to 2 T. buttermilk.
On a lightly floured surface, knead dough just until smooth (a minute or two at most). Roll to 1/2″ thickness. Cut dough with floured 2 1/2″ biscuit cutter**. On ungreased cookie sheet, place about 1″ apart for crusty side, touching for soft sides.
Bake 10-12 minutes until golden brown. Makes about 12 biscuits.
Easier: Use 1 1/4 cups buttermilk. Do not knead dough. Drop dough by rounded spoonful 2 inches apart. These drop biscuits may not look as pretty but they'll still be delicious!
*I used Gold Medal Self Rising flour. Not only were the leaveners already in the flour but so was the salt. Do not add salt to the recipe or you will have a biscuit that tastes like a salt lick.
**Don't have a biscuit cutter? No problem. Use the mouth of a glass – it will work just fine.