I live in Alaska, where moisture is abundant. While synthetic fibers offer the ability to keep you warm when wet, there is no denying the far superior comfort, temperature regulation, packability and light weight of down. So after getting disenchanted by the bulk of my pack, I decided to see what happened when I replaced my trusty synthetic jacket with a down one.
After a spring and summer of using the Brooks-Range Alpini Mountain Anorak Hoody, it has become my insulating layer of choice—better, in almost all circumstances, than any syntheic puffy I've used. I lived in this layer climbing the Japanese Coulior on Barille, barbequing burgers on the Ruth, climbing multiple ascents of the Grand Teton and sipping coffee for alpine starts at the Jackson Hole Mountain Guides high camp. I also frequently used it for added warmth in my sleeping bag. The only time I would want a heavier expedition parka would be on multi-day expeditions to major high-elevation peaks.
The quality of the materials and engineering is exceptional. The stuffed puff of this layer is impressive—the 800-fill down provides warmth like a larger expedition parka without the bulk of heavy fabrics or water bottle-sized pockets. The down and the extremely thin, water-resistant, 15-denier ballistic mini-ripstop nylon exterior provides enough breathability that it's pleasant to hike and climb at elevation with the layer on all day.
The Alpini's unusual ventilation system helps make this possible. Zippers run from below the arm pits down the sides, held closed by a Velcro fastener. Some people may find this design a bit odd, but in the field these zippers proved incredible. Rather than constantly exchange layers, I simply unzipped the sides for ventilation when necessary and continued hiking or climbing. I could open the entire lower front torso of this garment like a flag to the wind, cooling in a flash. It took a rare breed of sweat to coerce me to retire the layer to my pack. Opening the zips also allowed me to pull on this layer easily, making its trim cut a non-issue—mandatory for anyone with broad shoulders or for pot-bellied heli-skiers.
Because the Alpini is a pullover, it sports a dual-access kangaroo pocket in front. At first, the design turned me off, especially because there was no zipper enclosure. However, day in and day out, I stuffed my gloves, cell phone, iPod, headlamp, snacks and hats in the pouch, which kept them available and allowed me to pull them out like rabbit magic. Perhaps zipper closures would be nice, but that would add weight, and why mess with a design that works?
Of critical importance is the size of the hood. I have been frustrated before by restrictively tight helmet designs, but this hood is a perfect size to go over a helmet. It has a standard bungee cinch around the face and head, but it lacks a rear hood adjuster. Again, extra features would add weight, but this is one I could live with.
Also of interesting note is the Brooks-Range Elephant Foot, which is a half sleeping bag that can attach to the Alpini Hoody. While I did not test this feature, it is an alluring bivy option for alpine-style objectives or any expedition that requires extremely lightweight travel.
I discovered only three real downsides: the fabric is so lightweight that it's prone to damage; the side zippers are held shut only by Velcro closures, which could lead to long-term zipper failure; and the space-age form fitting makes you look and feel like George Jetson.
While a bit more durability would be nice, this jacket is premium because it's so lightweight. I have to be careful, or it might blow away. The Alpini also packs so well that I've been able to switch my loads into a smaller summit bag.
The design of the Alpini Mountain Anorak Hoody certainly has the serious alpine climber in mind. It's been versatile as a belay jacket on Ruth Gorge climbs, a day layer on Denali, a warmth layer for Teton adventures and a savior whenever the temperature really drops.
Pros: Ultra light; super warm; excellent materials and craftsmanship; breathable and easy to regulate temperature; hood easily accepts a helmet.
Cons: Velcro closures will eventually fail, then side zippers will fail; tough but super-light outer fabric is prone to damage.
Actually I usually wear size S of outdoor-gear,just like Patagonia or Marmot, size S fit me. My height is 5'7",150lbs,chest is 37",waist is 31". So maybe size M of Alpini Mountain Anorak is fit me? Thank you for your respond.
Is the shape of Alpini Mountain Anorak Hoody regular or trim? Should I order one size up?Thank you.
Great write up! It's unbelievably warm right?!
The elephant foot bag is just as great, and, you are correct, it is an alluring bivy system.


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List of Top Best Schools in Bhopal for Admissions 2022-23
Selecting the right school for a child is a decision that can often take months to conclude. This is because every parent wants the best for their child and is always thinking about how school life will impact their future. But when you have a list of the top 10 schools in an area to choose from, the choice gets a little simpler as you can narrow down the options further.
If you live in Bhopal and want to know the best schools in Bhopal for your children, you have reached the right place. At Skoodos, we exactly understand the concern of every parent and make the school search simpler through our platform. So here is a list of top schools in Bhopal along with their details so you can make the right choice.
Top 10 Best Schools in Bhopal
St George Senior Secondary School
Run by the St. Jude Education society, St Georage Senior Secondary school sits on a lush green campus in Karond region of Bhopal. Since its inception in 1998, the CBSE School has a crafted vision for social change and raising responsible students in society. Highly qualified staff, value education, state of the art infrastructure and wide range of activities, the school is known for its earnest efforts in all-round development of children. It thus finds a place in the top-ranked schools in Bhopal.
Sage International School
Sage International school is affiliated with the CBSE board is among the top schools in Bhopal with several awards to its credit. It finds a listing among the annual listing of 10 Most Promising International Schools 2020. Located in a posh vicinity and green residential area it takes care of a conducive ambience for education. Fully AC classrooms, digital boards and interactive learning, it is a prestigious institution with two branches in Bhopal.
Asia Pacific International School
Asia Pacific International school run under the flagship of Smt. Ramadevi Smiriti Sansthan, this institution aims to create enlightened citizens for the future. Children are prepared to face the challenges of the future by learning through fun, building on skills and Application of wisdom. It also promotes scientific temperament, preferential learning style and intelligence harnessing techniques in teaching methods. The school has some world-class amenities making it one of the top-ranked schools in Bhopal.
Sanskar Valley School
A co-educational, day boarding cum residential school, Sanskar Valley school spreads over a campus of 40 acres. The school believes in harnessing the inborn potential of every child and tries to find the joy in learning and gaining knowledge. The school encourages overall growth of a child by integrating sports, hobby activities, special day celebrations, community service, eco-friendly initiatives and excursions within the curriculum. The school is not just among the top 10 schools in Bhopal but ranks among the top 5 schools in India!
Sagar Public School
One of the reputed educational institutions, the Sagar Public School is also one of the largest schools in central India. This school has classes from Nursery to XII grade and follows the CBSE curriculum. There is a personalised learning approach that grooms the inherent talent within every child and gives them a boost of confidence for their future growth. Other than yoga, exercises, sports and recreation, the school has club periods which sensitize students to their surroundings and environment. It has a language lab, AV lab, computer labs all meticulously designed to keep up with the needs of digital learning. The school has experienced faculty who are always aware of new educational initiatives to try and benefit each student.
Delhi Public School, Bhopal
Delhi Public School Bhopal follows the CBSE guidelines of the curriculum and has classes from pre-nursery to XII grades. Focused on the mission of 'Making Quality Education More Accessible and Affordable' they root for the success of all their students. The school is known for outstanding results every year in not just academics but also winning national/international accolades in drama, debates, or sports. The school also organizes exchange programmes to facilitate cultural exchange and intellectual experiences. With 227 schools of the DPS family across the globe, it sure secures a place within the top 10 schools in Bhopal.
Billabong High International School
Setting a benchmark in child-friendly education, the Billabong High International School is among the top schools in Bhopal for shaping your children into global citizens. Established in the year 2015, the school is built on the concept of 'Experiential Learning' with its ecosystem spread over 130+ schools in 5 countries. This ICSE School follows an activity-based learning model that ensures practical learning and a thorough understanding of the subjects. A child is taught to nurture a sense of self and develop beyond academic excellence. Sports, performing arts, literature, and robotics and community service are some of the many extra-curricular activities offered in the school that aim at holistic personality development.
Mount Litera Zee School
Mount Litera Zee School is determined to provide the best of education in the true sense to all its students, exploring their potential and nurturing every individual. This CBSE School goes beyond the traditional boundaries of academic learning. Students are encouraged to take up arts, and sports and also given an insight into finances and entrepreneurship. The school inculcates life skills among all students such as metacognition, aesthetic sense, media literacy, habits, risk-taking and so on. So it is one of the best schools in Bhopal for the all-round development of your child.
LNCT World School
The LNCT World school is a leading and top school in Bhopal that empowers a child in physical, social, emotional and spiritual growth. Following the CBSE curriculum, makes learning interesting and strives to uncover the uniqueness of every child. They have creatively planned programmes such as vocal and physical warm-ups, mentoring sessions, home visits and personality and cognitive development of students. They have facilitated bus services covering the entire city of Bhopal making it convenient for every parent.
Mount Carmel Convent School
Affiliated with the ICSE board, this is a Christian minority school with a mission to impart substantial knowledge and skill to achieve excellence among students. One of the top schools in Bhopal, Mount Carmel Convent School has a lot of scope for sports as it provides volleyball, basketball, cricket, badminton, chess, kho-kho, karate etc. The school also stresses on parent-school relationship with regular interactions between teachers and parents. They are genuinely involved with the progress of their child.
This is the list of the top-ranked schools in Bhopal and you should be able to make a definite choice for your child. If you have listed a few among these and wish to compare the pros and cons, head over to Skoodos. Our website has a compare feature that gives you a detailed comparison based on different parameters like location, curriculum, and student: teacher ratio, amenities and so on. So you can select 2 or 3 schools that you have shortlisted and compare them with a few clicks. With this feature, we aim to give you not only details on the best schools in Bhopal but also which one suits your criteria. Our trained team ensures that every school's factual details are listed properly on our platform.
Here are few more emerging schools in Bhopal like : St Josephs Co Ed School, Rose Mary Hr Sec School, Crescent Public School, Holy Family Convent Senior Secondary School, PeopIes Public School , Hema Hr Sec School,
Published on: 02 Dec 2022
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Robin is spending the day exercising in the pool at Titans Tower, when he's approached by Raven and Starfire. We have a huge free DVD selection that you can download or stream. In the alternate universes of Two Earths , Harley Quinn's relationship with Joker, or in this world, the "Jester," is summed up quite nicely albeit a bit darkly in her portrayal as a monkey dressed in motley attire, complete with a classic style jester cap and tutu. Robin and Beast Boy are feeling backed up sexually, so Raven and Starfire decide to help out with their massive asses and bre… character: Glory Haunt 28 pictures hot.
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That's my favorite part too.
Do teachers wear minis to college ? I would never miss a day !


The Global Healthcare Travel Forum will give you the opportunity to meet and connect with around 100 buyers from 25 countries including; Chad, Algeria, Nigeria, Iraq, Kurdistan Regional Government North Iraq, GCC countries (Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia and Oman), CIS countries and many other countries.
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Maarten van Eerd, M.D., F.I.P.P.; Jacob Patijn, M.D., Ph.D.; Judith M. Sieben, Ph.D.; Mischa Sommer, M.D., Ph.D.; Jan Van Zundert, M.D., Ph.D., F.I.P.P.; et al Maarten van Kleef, M.D., Ph.D., F.I.P.P.; Arno Lataster, M.Sc.
Maarten van Eerd, M.D., F.I.P.P.
From the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management (M.v.E., J.P., M.S., M.v.K., J.V.Z.), University Medical Center Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management (M.v.E.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands; Department of Anatomy and Embryology (J.M.S., A.L.), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care ( J.M.S., A.L.), Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Anesthesiology and Multidisciplinary Pain Center ( J.V.Z.), Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
Submitted for publication November 15, 2012. Accepted for publication August 23, 2013.
Corresponding article on page 10.
Acknowledgments: The authors thank Johan Hekking, B.Sc. (Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands), and Leon Huibers, B.Sc. (Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Maastricht University), for their technical assistance with the gelatin model and their help with photography. The authors also thank Rogier Trompert, M.Sc. (Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Maastricht University), and Greet Mommen, M.Sc. (Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Maastricht University), for editing the ultrasound images and making the additional illustrations.
Correspondence: Address correspondence to Dr. van Eerd: Maastricht University Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University Pain Center Maastricht, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands. mveerd@gmail.com. This article may be accessed for personal use at no charge through the Journal Web site, www.anesthesiology.org.
An in vitro model was constructed and validated for ultrasound imaging of the cervical spine. Ultrasound images are provided for the key landmarks: mastoid process, transverse process of C1, tubercles of C6 and C7, and cervical laminae.
Background:: Anatomical validation studies of cervical ultrasound images are sparse. Validation is crucial to ensure accurate interpretation of cervical ultrasound images and to develop standardized reliable ultrasound procedures to identify cervical anatomical structures. The aim of this study was to acquire validated ultrasound images of cervical bony structures and to develop a reliable method to detect and count the cervical segmental levels.
Methods:: An anatomical model of a cervical spine, embedded in gelatin, was inserted in a specially developed measurement device. This provided ultrasound images of cervical bony structures. Anatomical validation was achieved by laser light beams projecting the center of the ultrasound image on the cervical bony structures through a transparent gelatin.
Results:: Anatomically validated ultrasound images of different cervical bony structures were taken from dorsal, ventral, and lateral perspectives. Potentially relevant anatomical landmarks were defined and validated. Test/retest analysis for positioning showed a reproducibility with an intraclass correlation coefficient for single measures of 0.99. Besides providing validated ultrasound images of bony structures, this model helped to develop a method to detect and count the cervical segmental levels in vivo at long-axis position, in a dorsolateral (paramedian) view at the level of the laminae, starting from the base of the skull and sliding the ultrasound probe caudally.
Conclusions:: Ultrasound bony images of the cervical vertebrae were validated with an in vitro model. Anatomical bony landmarks are the mastoid process, the transverse process of C1, the tubercles of C6 and C7, and the cervical laminae. Especially, the cervical dorsal laminae serve best as anatomical bony landmarks to reliably detect the cervical segmental levels in vivo.
EXACT anatomical localization of target structures is essential for interventional pain management procedures of the cervical spine. These are usually fluoroscopy-guided interventional procedures. Ultrasound is a noninvasive, radiation-free method that depicts cervical bony structures and soft-tissue components. Ultrasound can help localize different targets for interventional pain treatment and could possibly replace fluoroscopy for some indications.1–4 Precise identification of the cervical vertebral level on ultrasound images is difficult; it requires experience and takes considerable time to learn. Therefore, recognizing the bony structures in ultrasound images and defining bony landmarks can be helpful.
Only few ultrasound studies have tried to validate ultrasound images of cervical bony structures anatomically, such as the sixth and seventh cervical vertebra5 or the cervical facet joints.6 To validate these ultrasound images, different definitive standards or reference tests have been used, such as cross-sectional gross anatomy and histology of cadavers, fluoroscopy, and computerized tomography scan.6–9 None of these studies, however, validated the ultrasound images of bony cervical structures of all the different cervical levels.
The aim of this study was to perform an in vitro ultrasound study of all cervical segments to acquire anatomically validated ultrasound images of the cervical vertebrae. In addition, clinically useful anatomical bony landmarks were defined in order to develop a method to reliably identify the segmental levels in vivo.
In this study, the cranial base and the cervical spine of one cadaver were used. A handwritten and signed codicil from the donor, posed when still alive and well, is kept at the Department of Anatomy and Embryology Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. This is required by Dutch law for the use of cadavers for scientific research and education. Medical ethics board approval was obtained for the acquisition of the in vivo ultrasound images from human volunteers (Institutional review board METC azM/UM Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands, METC nr.13-4-066). All healthy volunteers gave informed consent.
The cranial base (C0) and seven cervical vertebrae (C1–C7) of a cadaver (woman, 52 yr) were used to reconstruct the cervical spine. C0 and the different cervical vertebrae were reassembled and affixed with beeswax that was heated to a malleable consistency. Beeswax was used because of its ultrasound properties (we used toy clay in a previous attempt to reconstruct a cervical spine. However, the toy clay produced ultrasound reflections on the images that could not be distinguished from the adjacent bony structures). Beeswax was used in the cervical anatomical model to fill the intervertebral spaces in order to distinguish the intervertebral disc spaces from the adjacent bony vertebral bodies. The facet joints were also filled with beeswax with an approximate distance to the corresponding joint surfaces between 1 and 2 mm. In order to reconstruct the curve of the anatomical cervical spine, lateral radiographs of two nondegenerative in vivo cervical spines were used. After completing the construction of the anatomical cervical spine, a radiograph of it was taken. This radiograph was compared with the previously mentioned in vivo radiographs, and the curve of our anatomical cervical spine was adjusted until it matched.
Next, the anatomical cervical spine was placed upside down on a transparent polycarbonate bottom plate in which a circular groove was made to hold a polycarbonate cylinder (diameter 19 cm and height 30 cm). The cranial base was affixed to the bottom plate with beeswax at a distance of 2 cm from the bottom plate in such a way that the tip of the dens was pointing to the center of the circle. The inside of the polycarbonate cylinder was covered with a thin layer of white petroleum jelly to prevent the gelatin from adhering to the inner surface of the cylinder. The cylinder was placed in the groove of the bottom plate and sealed from the outside with beeswax. The cylinder was filled with a 20% gelatin solution. After solidification of the gelatin, the cylinder was removed and the gelatin-embedded cervical model (GECM) was ready to use for measurements (see figure, Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/ALN/A994, this figure shows the anatomical model of the cervical spine embedded in gelatin solution).
The GECM was placed horizontally in a transparent half cylinder. This half cylinder was placed in a transparent polycarbonate box (fig. 1). Within the half cylinder, the model could be rotated along the longitudinal axis of the model (GECM-axis). This allows ultrasound scanning from the dorsal, ventral, and lateral sides and all view angles in between. The degree of rotation could be read from a protractor fixed to the cranial end of the polycarbonate box. The position of the external occipital protuberance, visible through the gelatin, was used as a reference mark for rotation.
Measurement device. Measurement device with ultrasound probe in probeholder. The ultrasound probe can rotate around the z-axis and slide horizontally (craniocaudal) along the y-axis. The gelatin-embedded cervical spine can be rotated around the gelatin-embedded cervical model (GECM) axis. Two crossing laserbeams project the center of the ultrasound image on the cervical spinal model.
A movable carriage was mounted on the top of the transparent polycarbonate box. The carriage, containing the ultrasound probe holder, could be moved to both sides in a horizontal plane (y-axis), parallel to the GECM-axis. This construction allowed cranial to caudal ultrasound scanning. The horizontal translation position could be read from a ruler fixed at the top of the box (fig. 1).
On the movable carriage, a rotatable circular holder was mounted to hold the ultrasound probe. This allowed rotation of the probe along a z-axis through the center of the probe, perpendicular to the GECM-axis. This construction made it possible to use the ultrasound probe in all possible rotation positions. The degree of rotation of the ultrasound probe could be read from a protractor fixed to the probe holder (fig. 1). Two laser lights were mounted on the movable carriage, next to the ultrasound probe, at 12 and 9 o'clock position. These two laser lights, with an angle of 45 degrees, produced two perpendicularly crossing laser beams into the polycarbonate box with their junction in the z-axis of the ultrasound probe. Laser light positioning was calibrated with correction for the refractive index of the gelatin. The two crossing laser beams were projected on the cervical spine through the transparent gelatin. In this way, the precise position of the center of the ultrasound beam with respect to the cervical spine could be confirmed. Thus, the bony structure at the cross of the two perpendicular laser beams was seen at the center of the ultrasound image. This method was used to anatomically validate the ultrasound images of the cervical spine.
An Esaote (Mylab 25) ultrasound scanner was used for ultrasound imaging, in combination with a 5-cm (7.5–12 MHz) linear array probe (Esaote Worldwide, Milan, Italy, Europe). Ultrasound transmission gel (Aquasonic 100; Parker Lab, Fairfield, NJ) was used as an interface between the model and the transducer to optimize signal transduction. To protect the gelatin cylinder against fungal growth in the ultrasound transmission gel, the gelatin was wrapped in a plastic cling film.
Ultrasound measurements were collected from the following positions: dorsal view, ventral view, left lateral, and right lateral view (series 1–4). Ultrasound images were made with two probe rotation positions (0° and 90° z-axis rotation, comparable with long-axis and short-axis view). This resulted in eight different subconditions: two dorsal views (0° = sagittal and 90° = transverse), two ventral views (0° = sagittal and 90° = transverse), and two left and two right lateral views (0° = coronal and 90° = transverse).
The cranial base and all cervical levels were scanned from cranial to caudal in a standardized way. For each view, a predefined anatomical reference point (ARP), localized as cranially as possible (at C0 or C1 level), was selected. The ultrasound probe was centered (verified by the laser beams cross) at this ARP. This ARP was defined as the zero position (y-axis) for this view. For the ventral view, the anterior arch of C1 was used as ARP. For the dorsal view, the posterior arch of C1 was used as ARP. For both lateral views, the caudal tip of the mastoid process was used as ARP. From this zero position, the ultrasound probe was translated caudally, taking ultrasound images of relevant bony target structures at each subsequent cervical level. In dorsal view, the spinal processes were scanned; in ventral view, the vertebral bodies were scanned; in left and right lateral view, the transverse processes and facet joints were scanned (table, Supplemental Digital Content 2, http://links.lww.com/ALN/A995, which is a table listing an overview of the ARPs and bony cervical targets from dorsal, ventral, and lateral views).
For each ultrasound image, various ultrasound parameters (frequency, depth, gain, and power) were recorded. In addition, data about y-axis translation distance (millimeter from ARP = zero position), degrees of rotation of the ultrasound probe (z-axis), and rotation of the anatomical cervical spine model (GECM-axis, 0-90-180-270 degrees) were also collected. Furthermore, a photograph was made of the measurement setup showing the probe and the model positions as well as the projected laser beam cross. These photographs were used to document the position of the laser light beams on the cervical model with the simultaneously collected ultrasound images. These photographs served as an extra verification method for the probe position.
In order to estimate the consistency of the in vitro ultrasound method, two series of measurements of the dorsal view were performed with an interval of 4 weeks.10 The dorsal spinous processes of all cervical levels were depicted and their positions (measured as horizontal translations in millimeters from the ARP, which in dorsal view was the posterior arch of C1) were documented. Each measurement was one observation.
A test–retest analysis was performed with SPSS 18.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) using a single measures intraclass correlation coefficient to determine the reproducibility of the test results.
The protocol as described so far was used to systematically scan the cervical spine from dorsal, ventral, and lateral views (series 1–4) using standard probe positions (0° and 90° z-axis). For cervical facet joints, laminae, and other potentially relevant bony landmarks, not optimally visible in the four views, an additional series of image collection was performed (series 5). In series 5, the ARP of the lateral view (the caudal tip of the mastoid process) was used as starting point. To depict the cervical bony ultrasound targets such as the facet joints and laminae, the model was rotated along the GECM-axis, until the laser cross was centered on one of these bony structures. The ultrasound probe was rotated (z-axis) in such a way that the facet joint or lamina was best seen on the ultrasound image. A list of cervical bony ultrasound targets of series 5, with scanning details, is presented in table 1.
To develop a final in vivo ultrasound protocol with a feasible counting method to locate the exact cervical level, three in vivo ultrasound sessions in four healthy subjects (volunteers) and one in vitro session in our anatomical model were necessary.
First with the probe in the 0° z-axis position and the gelatin model in 100° (GECM-axis), the mastoid process and the transverse process of C1 were identified.
Next, the gelatin model was rotated to the 75° GECM-axis position until the C2 lamina was seen.
Then, a sliding movement with the probe was made in the caudal direction to view and count the laminae of C2 to C7.
With this protocol, it was possible to detect the segmental levels in our anatomical model reliably.
In the second in vivo session, this method of segmental level detection was tested in four subjects. When making the rotational sliding movement from the C1 transverse process to the lamina of C2, again, the continuity of the osseous structures was lost. We adjusted our in vivo protocol by skipping the first two steps of the protocol used in our anatomical model. Starting at the base of the skull (C0) from a dorsolateral position, we moved the probe at the level of the cervical laminae from C0 down to the posterior arch of C1 and further along the cervical laminae of C2 to C7, in one cranial to caudal line. This third, final in vivo test showed that with this adjusted protocol, it is possible to identify the sequential levels of C1 to C7.
The test/retest analysis for positioning in the anatomical model (dorsal view) showed an intraclass correlation coefficient for single measures of 0.99.
All ultrasound images collected during this study were stored in a database together with the ultrasound stills, ultrasound parameters, and photographs. In addition, rotation details (z-axis and GECM-axis) and y-axis translation were recorded to document the optimal approach to obtain these ultrasound images. Highlights of ultrasound image collection are presented in this section.
Anatomically validated ultrasound images of different cervical bony structures were collected in the dorsal, ventral, and left and right lateral views from both probe rotation positions (0° and 90° z-axis rotation).
In the dorsal view, the posterior arch of C1 and the spinous processes of C2 to C7 were clearly distinguishable on the ultrasound image (fig. 2, also see figure, Supplemental Digital Content 3, http://links.lww.com/ALN/A996, a figure that illustrates ultrasound imaging of C0 to C2 from dorsal view position). Compositions of the dorsal and ventral view images were made to get a more comprehensive view and to approximate the dynamic imaging of ultrasound scanning (see figures, Supplemental Digital Content 4, http://links.lww.com/ALN/A997, and Supplemental Digital Content 5, http://links.lww.com/ALN/A998, figures that illustrate a composition of ultrasound images with 0° z-axis probe rotation (long-axis view) of C0 to C7 of dorsal and ventral view).
Ultrasound imaging of C5–C7 (dorsal view, 0° z-axis probe rotation). Illustration shows how ultrasound beam reflects from dorsal bony surfaces of lower cervical vertebrae. White line markings in illustration correspond to ultrasound image shapes (ultrasound probe in 0° z-axis position or long-axis view).
By using 90° z-axis probe rotation (in vivo this would be called short-axis position or transverse plane), each cervical vertebra can be visualized, and differences in shapes of the dorsal spinal processes can be identified (fig. 3).
Ultrasound images of spinous processes of all cervical vertebrae (dorsal view, 90° z-axis probe rotation). Ultrasound images of spinous processes of C1 to C7 (dorsal view, 90° z-axis probe rotation, or short-axis view).
In the lateral views, the mastoid process (used as ARP) and the transverse process of C1 were well depicted on the ultrasound image (fig. 4).
Ultrasound imaging of mastoid process and transverse processes (lateral view, 0° z-axis probe rotation). Ultrasound imaging of mastoid process and transverse process of C1. The transverse process of C1 is a prominent bony structure of the higher cervical spine and can be used as a bony anatomical landmark. White line markings in illustration correspond to ultrasound image shapes.
In addition to the bony structures seen in the dorsal (1), ventral (2), and both lateral views (3,4), a set of potential, relevant, specific anatomical landmarks was defined and anatomically validated (series 5, table 1). As an example, the transverse processes of C6 and C7 are shown in figure 5. Note that at the level of C6, both an anterior and a posterior tubercle can be identified. In contrast, at C7 only a posterior tubercle was found.
Ultrasound imaging of C6 and C7. Illustration shows how ultrasound beam reflects from bony surfaces. White line markings in illustration correspond to ultrasound image shapes. Ultrasound image of transverse process of C6 (90° z-axis probe rotation; 85° rotation gelatin-embedded cervical model axis) and of transverse process of C7 (90° z-axis probe rotation; 90° rotation gelatin-embedded cervical model axis). Note that C7 has no anterior tubercle.
In series 5, we also aimed to depict the cervical laminae (fig. 6). When sliding the probe down over the cervical laminae, each cervical segment can be easily identified (see figure, Supplemental Digital Content 6, http://links.lww.com/ALN/A999, figure that illustrates the line of the sliding movement over the dorsal cervical laminae on the cervical anatomical model.).
Composition of dorsolateral view (75° gelatin-embedded cervical model axis rotation, 0° z-axis probe rotation) Ultrasound images (C0–C7) of vertebral laminae. Composition of ultrasound images of the laminae of C1 to C7 (dorsolateral view). These images were acquired in our cervical spinal model by turning the cervical spine around the gelatin-embedded cervical model axis (75° rotation) keeping the probe in 0° z-axis probe rotation.
One of the aims of this study is to develop a method to determine the correct cervical segmental level in vivo using ultrasound. From our in vitro image collection, potentially useful anatomical landmarks appeared to be the mastoid process, the cranial base (C0), posterior arch (C1), dorsal spinal processes (C2–C7), the dorsal laminae (C2–C7), the facet joints (C1–C7), and the transverse processes of C1, C6, and C7.
By sliding down the ultrasound probe in long-axis position, starting from the cranial base, all cervical segments can be dynamically visualized without losing the continuity because of overlying muscular and ligamentous structures (fig. 7). That is why we used the cervical vertebral dorsal laminae as bony landmarks in our final in vivo protocol.
Composition of in vivo ultrasound images of vertebral laminae. Composition of in vivo ultrasound images aimed at the base of the skull and the laminae of C1 to C7, with a sliding cranio caudal movement. Despite the overlying soft-tissue structures, the consecutive cervical laminae can be seen and counted.
To our knowledge, this is the first study that systematically validated ultrasound images of all cervical vertebrae and related relevant bony landmarks.
A previous study also used an in vitro blinded gelatin model of the cervical spine, but it was unclear how the ultrasound procedure was standardized.5 Only the sixth and seventh cervical vertebrae were studied as anatomical landmarks to locate the cervical plexus. Reproducibility was evaluated by three different observers performing the procedure. Although the authors stated that all three observers placed their needle at the seventh cervical vertebra, no data were provided in that study about the exact needle position of the three observers.
In another recent study about ultrasound-guided needle placement aimed at the medial branch of the cervical facet joint, the position of the inserted needle was at the wrong cervical level as controlled by fluoroscopy in 2 of 50 patients.14 Validation of bony cervical structures seen on ultrasound images can be helpful to develop a more reliable ultrasound procedure to determine the different cervical segmental levels.
The intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.99 for single measures reflects an excellent reproducibility of the applied standardized in vitro ultrasound procedure. The use of laser lights in our study provided anatomically validated ultrasound images. Our study showed cervical ultrasound images in dorsal, ventral, and lateral views with clearly recognizable osseous features without the flaw of possible misinterpretation. In addition to this, potentially useful bony landmarks for clinical use in determination of the segmental level were defined. The clearly identifiable structures that could be used as key anatomical landmarks are the base of the skull, the mastoid process, the lateral process of C1, the C7 vertebra typically with a posterior tubercle and no anterior tubercle, and the laminae of C2 to C7. The best way to count the segmental levels in vivo is with the probe in long-axis position (0° z-axis position in our model), in a dorsolateral view at the level of the laminae. Starting at the base of the skull, sliding the probe caudally, the laminae of all cervical levels can consecutively be seen. Even though the arch of C1 is small and sometimes located deeper than the laminae of C2 to C7, it is a better method than using the transverse process of C1 as an anatomical landmark. This is because rotational movement along the longitudinal axis of the neck makes orientation of osseous structures difficult, which then causes counting of the segmental levels to be less reliable.
Ultrasound expertise is largely a matter of pattern recognition and therefore has a steep learning curve. The ultrasound images of our study can be used as reference images in practical instructional courses for interventional pain treatments. They can be used as a first step in the interpretation of the in vivo ultrasound image and for highlighting anatomical bony landmarks. The use of phantoms in the training for ultrasound-guided interventions in pain medicine may facilitate the learning curve, and there is an emerging consensus that it is no longer acceptable to use patients to gain early experience. Other ultrasound-training models have been described.15–17 Our gelatin model with a cervical spine, if blinded, can be used for anatomical location and level confirmation and as a training model for ultrasound-guided needle placement. Advantages of our gelatin model are its low costs, technical simplicity, and reproducibility.
This study was performed in an in vitro setting. We scanned the cervical spine from several directions, but the ultrasound images from ventral view will be of little clinical use. Only one cervical spine was used; therefore, extrapolation to other cervical spines is not possible. Anatomical variation, congenital disorders, and/or cervical bony degeneration can show different ultrasound bony images.
For ultrasound-guided pain procedures, it is important to visualize key landmark structures including nerves, blood vessels, pleura, muscles, tendons, fascia, and bone. Only a bony cervical spine was used to build the model: soft-tissue structures such as muscles, vascular structures, and nerves were not included. Therefore, our in vitro ultrasound images differ from ultrasound images in daily practice. However, bony structures are often most striking and therefore important reference points used in ultrasound imaging of the spine.
Recently, recommendations for the education and training in ultrasound-guided pain medicine were published. One of the objectives was to highlight and outline the current recommended ultrasound technique for key interventional procedures.18 Our model could be useful in description, evaluation, and teaching of these recommended techniques. Our model helped to find a reliable in vivo procedure to count and detect the cervical segmental levels. It would be meaningful if our in vitro gelatin model could be further expanded with muscles, vascular structures, and nerves. Further research must show whether our model can be implemented in education and training for ultrasound-guided cervical interventional pain management procedures and whether other regions of the spine (e.g., lumbar, sacral) can be used as a specimen in our model.
In conclusion, ultrasound bony images of cervical vertebrae can be validated with this in vitro model. Validated ultrasound bony images of our model were used to develop an ultrasound procedure to identify the different cervical segmental levels in vivo.
Maarten van Eerd, Jacob Patijn, Judith M. Sieben, Mischa Sommer, Jan Van Zundert, Maarten van Kleef, Arno Lataster; Ultrasonography of the Cervical Spine: An In Vitro Anatomical Validation Model. Anesthesiology 2014;120(1):86-96. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000006.


Wear this cotton blend knit garment as a top or as a light jacket. Two front patch pockets and a stand-up collar add design interest to the long-sleeved, waist-length style.
What would you like to know about NEW KIMBERLY's Ideal Zip Front Knit Top or Jacket with Patch Pockets?


Why the hard liquor is called "Spirits"? We believe that fans of whisky know it well. In addition to the essence of wine distilled from the malt and the sweet fragrance extracted the wooden barrel, a drop of whisky touches the heart and the soul. What kind of soul journey will be created if it goes with the jazz which achieves a similar result? Last month (September 17), a jazz trio was held in Alibi stylish restaurant of Cordis in Mong Kok (previous Langham Place Hotel)! It is a music audition jointly presented by local jazz masters and The Macallan, a single-malt scotch brand which is beloved by people in recent years.
The scene of the concert that night was quite hot. How can the atmosphere not be alive when it comes to music and whisky! The participants of that night were important figures in the field of jazz and whisky: jazz master Ted Lo on keyboard, Scott Dodd the first double bassist in Hong Kong, together with Anthony Fernandes, one of the most popular drummer among Canto pop artists presented jointly a jazz feast. As for the enjoyment for the taste buds, it was provided surely by a variety of different single-malts of The Macallan, and Eddie Nara, one of the judges of International Wine & Spirit Competition (IWSC) in Britain and Hong Kong shared his tasting experience. At that night, different varieties of The Macallan were warmly welcomed, especially the latest, The Macallan Rare Cask which was highly beloved by the audience. Other series such as Fine Oak and Sherry Oak increased greatly the interest of whisky fans. We believe that, all the audience would agree that tasting such delicious single-malt whisky under the emotional appeal of the pleasant jazz was a rare match and unforgettable moment.


I've spent much of the year listening to presentations from agency teams who have worked late into the night to answer the challenges they've been set.
In the spirit of giving something back at this time of year, I'd like to offer some advice to help agencies win more of their pitches.
1. Get the basics right - Media agencies do so many things these days, from analytics to content to social, that too many pitches feel like a menu of services and a generic sales pitch.
Never forget that the role of the presentation is to demonstrate that you can help solve the client's business challenges.
Spend more time discussing how you can optimise client's investments and more time on basic media planning and buying.
2. Consistency - Many of the pitches we work on are multi-market and what really shines in these contests is a consistent approach both in terms of quality of thinking and talent.
Through the year, it became immediately apparent who had this backup and who didn't.
If you didn't invest in this area this year, then you need to if you want to impress with your ability to keep complexity across markets and brands down.
3. Widen the experience of junior staff - Our sense is that mid to junior level people have become weaker over recent years. Increasingly we see a clear and growing gap between senior and junior resource in pitches.
It's hard to explain why this should be the case when the media business offers broader and more challenging careers than ever. We think the primary reason is that junior people these days are less exposed to the commercial side of the agency business and end up being siloed in their specialisms.
4. Shrink your pitch team - Europe is not America so you don't get huge teams of people sitting silently at the back.
5. Put up your 'A' team - People are the key differentiator in pitches. We know that at any one time a large agency network will have four or five large pitches going on and many smaller ones, but new business is hard to win, especially if the billings are significant.
Demonstrating that the best agency talent is being applied to address client objectives will make or break your pitch.
In 2015, agencies need to think about being more selective about what they contest to ensure they meet this basic requirement.


The Niagara falls are actually comprised of three individual waterfalls; the Horseshoe Falls, American Falls, and Bridal Veil Falls. They make up the largest flow rate of water in any waterfall in the world. The breathtaking views and awesome power of nature attract millions of visitors each year. The most powerful waterfalls in the world crash 50 meters vertically over the cliffs, roaring with a mesmerizing and hypnotic beat. Surrounded by areas of outstanding natural beauty, aswell as towns and the usual tourist traps, the Niagara Falls are a great place to visit, and are full of things to do.
Okay, it might seem obvious but most of the things to do at Niagara Falls involve the humble admiration of the power and the beauty of the grand waterfalls. Nature is at its finest here, and although many of the good observation spots are understandably crowded, there is still much to be enjoyed. In the surrounding towns and cities you will find restaurants, casinos, and all the usual urban entertainment, but here the focus is on the Falls.
There are many observation decks, towers, and well known spots to catch a picture-perfect view. On the American side, the Niagara Falls State Park boasts outstanding natural beauty, and many trail walks that offer overlooks of the waterfalls. The park offers many different views some of which require a bit of a hike, offering a little more seclusion than some of the more accessible spots. Hikers should check out the gorge trail walks, for excellent worthwhile views. The State Park also offers opportunities for fishing, biking, and cross-country skiing.
Over on the Canadian side, why not check out the skylon tower; a 775 foot high tower that dominates the Ontario skyline. For a nominal fee of around $13 it is possible to be transported to the top, where indoor and outdoor observation decks allow for leisurely viewing of the Falls, from a great height. For a rather expensive but unique dining experience, the gourmet revolving restaurant at the top provides a romantic setting. It is also recommended to take the trip up the Skylon tower at night to see the Falls when they are lit up.
Named after an actual cave that was accessible up until 1954, the cave of winds attraction allows visitors to get up close and personal with the Bridal Veil Falls. Armed with sandals and a poncho the visitor treads wet and wild walkways which give a real feel of the raw power of the water, and allows visitors to get within 20 feet on the aptly named "hurricane decks," where winds can reach nearly 70mph.
Another great way to really get involved with the Falls is with the Maid of Mist boat tour. The tour is a little crowded, and notably touristic it has to be said, but with good reason. In 1846 the ferry was launched as a way to cross the falls, but now a more modern and hospitable boat allows tourists to get right up close, just for a laugh. The boat travels past the American Falls and the Bridal Falls, before doing a loop inside the Horseshoe Falls, a splendid finale where revelers are sure to get a sense of the immensity of Niagara. It is possible to depart from either the American side, or the Canadian side, and boats leave frequently.
For a very different perspective on Niagara Falls check out the Journey Behind The Falls tour, available from the Canadian side. Lasting between half an hour and an hour this is an underground trip which takes visitors 150 feet down under, behind Horseshoe Falls. All that can be heard is the thunderous roar of the waterfalls as they resonate the rock with their sheer power. Two portals allow for the falls to be seen from behind, as the water cascades majestically over the rocks. The journey also features a lot of information about the history of Niagara Falls, and is open all year round.
A few miles north of Niagara Falls the river features some rather intense whirlpools. A trip on the whirlpool aerocar ride gives visitors a great view from above, and is a rickety white-knuckle ride in itself. The cable car carries visitors over the river, and has been operating since 1916. It can be accessed from the Canadian side.
For those who want a bit more of an intense whirlpool experience check out the whirlpool jetboats. Not for the fainthearted these boats get right into the middle of the whirlpool, deliberately, just for your entertainment. Excellent views of the river and the gorges can be seen from the boat, which can sometimes wind-up partially flooded with water. Great for the thrill-seekers!


text:
6 July 2012, Friday
Chairman: Prof. Alain Barbe.
A. Butz (Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe , Germany ; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany)
Remote sensing of greenhouse gases from space
Reporter: André Butz
C. Puzzarini (Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy)
Atmospheric and astrophysical investigations: the role of rotational spectroscopy
Reporter: Cristina Puzzarini
N. Moazzen-Ahmadi (University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada)
Weakly-bound molecular complexes formed from three- and four-atom linear molecules
Reporter: Nasser Moazzen-Ahmadi
O.L. Polyansky (Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; University College London, London, United Kingdom)
Global spectroscopy of small molecules
Chairman: Prof. Vladimir G. Tyuterev.
S.P. Belov, G.Yu. Golubiyatnikov, I.I. Leonov, A.V. Lapinov (Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia)
MM and sub-MM high resolution Lamb-dip spectrometer
Reporter: Sergey Belov
S. Civiš, M. Ferus, P. Kubelík,V.E. Chernov, E.M. Zanozina (J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Prague, Czech Republic)
High-L atomic Rydberg states studied by high resolution time-resolved Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
Reporter: Vladislav E. Chernov
N. Bouloufa-Maafa, R. Vexiau, M. Aymar, O. Dulieu (Paris-Sud University, Orsay, France)
Molecular structure and spectroscopy to find routes toward the absolute ground state of ultracold molecules
Reporter: Nadia Bouloufa-Maafa
B.A. Fomin (Central Aerological Observatory, Dolgoprudny, Russia), V.A. Falaleeva (Moscow Physical Technical Institute, Dolgoprudny, Russia)
A polarized atmospheric radiative transfer model based on the Line-by-Line and Monte Carlo methods
A. Cuisset, D.A. Sadovskii (Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France), O. Pirali (Synchrotron SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Orsay Institute of Molecular Sciences, Orsay, France)
FIR high resolution spectroscopy of in plane and out of plane bending modes of DMSO: "When a synchrotron source reveals an unusual rotational behaviour"
C. Hill, J. Tennyson (University College London, London, United Kingdom), L.S. Rothman, I.E. Gordon (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA)
Modernizing the underlying structure of HITRAN
Reporter: Laurence S. Rothman
V.A. Bataev, I.A. Godunov (Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia)
Features of quantum-chemical methods to determine the shape of potential energy surfaces of molecules in the ground and excited electronic states
Reporter: Vadim Bataev
M.Yu. Kolyasnikova, K.G. Gribanov (Ural State University, Ekaterinburg, Russia)
HDO mapping in the atmosphere of Western Siberia from the data of satellite and ground based spectrometers of high spectral resolution
Reporter: Marina Kolyasnikova
I.V. Zadvornyh, K.G. Gribanov (Ural State University, Ekaterinburg, Russia)
Methane mapping in the atmosphere of Western Siberia from the data of satellite and ground based spectrometers of high spectral resolution
Reporter: Ilya Zadvornyh
N.V. Rokotyan, V.I. Zakharov, K.G. Gribanov (Ural State University, Ekaterinburg, Russia), R. Imasu (Atmospheric and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokio, Japan), J. Jouzel (Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Paris, France), T. Warneke, J. Notholt (Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany)
Methods of remote sensing of 13CH4/12CH4, 13CO2/12CO2, CH3D/12CH4 and H218O/H216O concentration ratio in atmosphere using ground-based FTIR
Reporter: Nikita Rokotyan
O.Yu. Nikiforova, Yu.N. Ponomarev (V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS, Tomsk, Russia), A.I. Karapuzikov (Institute of Laser Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia)
The pre-subtraction of the H2O absorption spectrum from the gas mixture spectrum for the purpose of the measurement of concentrations of gaseous biomarkers in expired air by the photoacoustic method
Reporter: Olga Yurievna Nikiforova
Influence of radiation spectral characteristics on errors in determination of concentration of gaseous biomarkers from multi-channel measurements of the expired air absorption spectrum
A.I. Nadezhdinskii, Ya.Ya. Ponurovskii, D.B. Stavrovskii, Yu.P. Shapovalov (General Physics Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia), G.Yu. Grigoriev, Sh.Sh. Nabiev (National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow, Russia), A.I. Karapuzikov, A.A. Karapuzikov (Institute of Laser Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia), Yu.V. Kistenev (Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia)
New TDLS system for precision field measurements of the 13CO2/12CO2 ratio
G.Yu. Grigoriev, Sh.Sh. Nabiev (National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow, Russia), A.I. Nadezhdinskii, Ya.Ya. Ponurovskii, D.B. Stavrovskii, Yu.P. Shapovalov (General Physics Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia), V.M. Semenov (National Research University "Moscow Power Engineering Institute", Moscow, Russia)
Investigation of 235UF6 and 238UF6 spectra in the middle IR region with a quantum-cascade diode laser
Sh.Sh. Nabiev, L.A. Palkina (National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow, Russia), Ya.Ya. Ponurovskii, D.B. Stavrovskii, Yu.P. Shapovalov (General Physics Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia), V.L. Vax, E.G. Domracheva, M.B. Chernyaeva (Institute for Physics of Microstructures RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia), K.G. Zenov, A.I. Karapuzikov (Institute of Laser Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia), А.M. Babakov (S.K. Timoshenko Military Academy of radiation, chemical and biological defense, Kostroma, Russia)
Express detection of toxic chemicals in open atmosphere on the basis of tunable IR laser and sub terahertz irradiation
A.V. Kozodoev, A.I. Privezentsev, A.Z. Fazliev (V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS, Tomsk, Russia), N.M. Grigorovich, N.N. Filippov (St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia)
Published parameters of С3V and С2V symmetry methane isotopologues spectral lines
Reporter: Aleksei Viktorovich Kozodoev
S.S. Voronina, A.Yu. Akhlestin, A.I. Privezentsev, A.Z. Fazliev (V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS, Tomsk, Russia)
Systematization of published data on phosphine molecule isotopologues
Reporter: Alexander Z Fazliev
T.A. Odintsova, M.Yu. Tretyakov (Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia)
Manifestation of water dimers and trimers in high temperature water vapor spectra
Reporter: Tatyana Odintsova
T.A. Odintsova, E.A. Serov, M.Yu. Tretyakov (Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia)
Virial coefficients of water vapor thermodynamic state equation and equilibrium constants of small water clusters
I.A. Buryak (Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia), A.A. Vigasin, S.E. Lokshtanov (Institute of Atmospheric Physics RAS, Moscow, Russia)
Ab initio calculation of the N2 - H2 integrated intensity of collision-induced absorption in the region of vibrational transitions
Reporter: Ilya Alekseevich Buryak
A.A. Dolgov, V.A. Panfilov, L.A. Surin, A.V. Potapov (Institute of Spectroscopy RAS, Troitsk, Russia), S. Schlemmer (I. Physikalisches Institut, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany)
Rotational study of the NH3–CO and NH3-N2 complexes: new millimeter-wave measurements
Reporter: A. A. Dolgov
D.N. Kozlov, V.D. Kobtsev, O.M. Stel'makh, V.V. Smirnov, E.V. Stepanov (General Physics Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia)
Determination of local H2O concentration and gas temperature in the process of H2-O2 gas mixture heating by methods of linear and non-linear laser spectroscopy
Yu.V. Kolobyanin, Yu.A. Adamenkov, L.V. Goryachev, G.S. Rogozhnikov, S.V. Mochkaev (Russian Federal Nuclear Center - The All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Physics, Sarov, Russia)
Measurement of positive gain in active media of oxygen-iodine laser with travelling microwave discharge
A.S. Yatsenko (Institute of Automation and Electrometry SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia), V.G. Kazakov, V.V. Kazakov (Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia)
Graphical representation of the spectral data of diatomic molecules
Reporter: Vitaly G. Kazakov
E.A. Pazyuk, A.V. Stolyarov (Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia), V. Zuters, I. Klincare, O. Nikolayeva, M. Tamanis, R. Ferber (University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia)
Prospect of the shelf-like E(4)1Σ+ state in laser production of ultracold KCs and RbCs molecules
V.V. Meshkov, E.A. Pazyuk, A.V. Stolyarov (Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia)
Interaction potentials, cross sections and transport properties of Rb+-Rg and Cs+-Rg "clusters"
M.A. Koshelev (Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia), O. Aseev, Th.R. Rizzo, O.V. Boyarkin (Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland)
Vibrational overtone spectroscopy of HDO below and above Do
A.M. Solodov, T.M. Petrova, A.A. Solodov, Yu.N. Ponomarev, I.V. Ptashnik (V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS, Tomsk, Russia)
Near-infrared water vapour self-continuum at reduce temperatures
T.M. Petrova, A.M. Solodov, A.A. Solodov, O.M. Lyulin, S.A. Tashkun, V.I. Perevalov (V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS, Tomsk, Russia)
Measurements of 12C16O2 line parameters in the 8790-8860, 9340-9650 and 11430-11505 cm-1 wavenumber ranges by means of Fourier transform spectroscopy
B.A. Voronin, N.N. Lavrentieva, A.A. Lugovskoy, A.S. Dudaryonok (V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS, Tomsk, Russia), V.I. Starikov (Tomsk University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, Tomsk, Russia)
Comparison of line broadening parameters of HD16O calculated with different methods
Reporter: Boris A. Voronin
Vl.G. Tyuterev, M. Rey, T. Delahaye (Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France), S.A. Tashkun, R.V. Kochanov, A.V. Nikitin (V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS, Tomsk, Russia), J. Lamouroux (University of Massachussets, Lowell, MA, USA)
Derivation of effective spectroscopic models from potential and dipole surfaces by contact transformation: status of the MOL_CT program suite
S.N. Mikhailenko (V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS, Tomsk, Russia), G. Mellau (Justus-Liebig-Universitaet Giessen, Physicalisch-Chemisches-Institut, Giessen, Germany), Vl.G. Tyuterev (Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France)
Rotational energy levels of the (000) and (010) states of HD17O from emission spectra
Reporter: Semen N. Mikhailenko
Yu.G. Borkov, O.M. Lyulin, V.I. Perevalov (V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS, Tomsk, Russia), D. Jacquemart (Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France)
Line positions and intensities of CO2 isotopologues from 3200 to 3800 cm-1
Reporter: Yury Gennad'evich Borkov
Line shape: Efficient approximations for complex probability function w(z)
N.V. Tukachev, V.A. Bataev, I.A. Godunov (Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia)
Shape of potential energy surfaces and conformational dynamics of simplest amides molecules in the ground and excited electronic states
S.S. Vasilchenko, V.I. Serdyukov, L.N. Sinitsa, B.A. Voronin, E.R. Polovtseva (V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS, Tomsk, Russia)
Spectroscopic study of atmospheric collision-induced oxygen complexes (O2)2
A.A. Lukashevskaia, O.V. Naumenko, V.I. Perevalov (V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS, Tomsk, Russia), D. Mondelain, S. Kassi, A. Campargue (Université Grenoble Alpes, Saint Martin d'Hères, France)
CW-CRDS spectroscopy of NO2 in the 7780-7920 cm-1 region
S.-M. Hu, A.-W. Liu (University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China), I.A. Vasilenko, E.R. Polovtseva, O.V. Naumenko (V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS, Tomsk, Russia)
Fourier transform absorption spectrum of water vapor enriched by deuterium and by 18O in 2088 - 6000 cm-1 spectral region
Reporter: Irina Vasilenko
M.V. Buturlimova, V.P. Bulychev, K.G. Tokhadze (St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia)
Rigorous calculations of spectral properties of molecular complexes of atmospheric interest. A quantum-mechanical calculation of the structure and spectroscopic characteristics of the H3N … HONO complex
Reporter: Marina Valerievna Buturlimova
J.V. Bogdanova (State Pedagogical University, Tomsk, Russia), T.E. Klimeshina, O.B. Rodimova (V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS, Tomsk, Russia)
On the role of line wings of the water monomer in formation of the continuum in the 3-5 μm transparency window
Reporter: Olga Borisovna Rodimova


text:
A Santa Maria la Colonna egy nápolyi templom. 1580-ban épült. Homlokzatát 1715-ben Antonio Guidetti építette. A templomhoz egy kis zárda is tartozik. Belsőjét Paolo de Matteis néhány festménye díszíti. Jelenleg nem látogatható romlott állapota miatt.

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http://www.danpiz.net/napoli/monumenti/Monumenti.htm

További információ

Nápoly katolikus templomai, kolostorai
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How much does a Front End Associate make in Montréal, QC?
The average salary for a Front End Associate is $15.75 per hour in Montréal, QC, which is 15% above the national average. Salary estimates are based on 5 salaries submitted anonymously to Indeed by Front End Associate employees, users, and collected from past and present job advertisements on Indeed in the past 36 months. The typical tenure for a Front End Associate is less than 1 year.


text:
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Caprivi, an African flashpoint : an illustrated history of by Rainer D. K Bruchmann
By Rainer D. K Bruchmann
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The militarization of refugees and internally displaced folks (IDPs), in particular in Africa, is inflicting growing to be alarm in the humanitarian and improvement groups. The deliberate and spontaneous arming of refugees and IDPs threatens entry to asylum in addition to safeguard. yet whereas the coverage debates rage over easy methods to care for armed refugees and the way to avoid their spill-over into neighbouring nations, strangely little examine has been performed to give an explanation for why displaced humans arm themselves or how militarization impacts the neighborhood and host populations.
Into the Cannibal's Pot: Lessons for America from Post-Apartheid South Africa
Into the Cannibal's Pot: classes for the USA from post-Apartheid South Africa is a polemical paintings anchored in heritage, truth, truth, and the political philosophy of classical liberalism. it's a manifesto opposed to mass society, arguing opposed to uncooked, ripe, democracy, the following (in the US), there (in South Africa), and all over.
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114 Only about a quarter of these were mounted for display in the museum, but the rest were preserved for research purposes and continue to be used as such today. While trophies embodied the African landscape and the adventures one could find there, narratives supplied the action and the interpretive framework. 116 Most of these travelogues ran to 400 plus pages, with some, particularly in the 1880s, reaching 800 or more. In addition, accounts of hunting could routinely be found in newspapers and magazines.
96 North-eastern Rhodesia and British Central Africa, on the other hand, were promoted as offering a less expensive and less artificial experience than in East Africa where 'the fitting out of safaris . . 97 The association of central Africa with a rougher style of travel gave the hunting in those territories its own cachet that was distinct from the increasing glamour of the East African safari. When one considers that the safari industry itself employed 'white hunters', who ranged in social status from cash-strapped aristocrats to middle-class settlers, it becomes clear that while hunting was restricted to a small minority, it was not an activity solely restricted to wealthy elites.
Hunting during the Scramble Throughout the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, imperial efforts to consolidate control, increase profits and standardize white access to cheap labour made it simpler, faster and generally more comfortable for Western hunters to reach game-rich territories, but that in turn The Rise of African Big Game Hunting 27 facilitated the decimation of animal populations. These shifts along with the new preservation legislation that colonial governments began implementing in 1900, transformed the sport of hunting in the span of a few decades from a commercial enterprise pursued by European and African men into a leisure-based industry designed to serve wealthy, white men and women.
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Megan Detrie
Journalist, photographer
Large turnout in second round of Egyptian elections
December 15, 2011 · by megandetrie · in Egypt, Politics, Print · Leave a comment
Megan Detrie for The National
SUEZ CITY // When Ashraf Aly visited the polls yesterday to vote in the second round of Egypt's parliamentary elections, he cast his ballot for the party he believes will form a civil, moderate government: the Muslim Brotherhood's Freedom and Justice Party (FJP).
"People can't distinguish now between parties. I don't know what [the Egyptian Bloc] is aiming for, and the Freedom and Justice Party has been here for so long," he said.
Voters came out in large numbers yesterday as the two-day polls opened in the second round of staggered parliamentary elections that will take six weeks to complete. An election monitor in Suez estimated a 30 per cent turnout, and expected similar numbers today. No official figures have been released.
A new set of nine governorates, including the Suez Canal, regions of the Nile Delta and Sohag and Aswan in Upper Egypt, voted for the first time since the ousting of president Hosni Mubarak in February. But the battle is not over for Egypt's main three players in the elections, pitting the liberals against Muslim Brotherhood's popular FJP and the Islamist parties among themselves.
In Suez, the secular Egyptian Bloc, which earned 16 per cent of the last round's vote in November is anxious to see if its hard-fought campaign will pay dividends. Candidates have spent much of recent weeks canvassing rural areas and smaller coastal towns hoping to attract the governorate's 380,000 eligible voters.
Free Egyptians party candidate Emad Khater Wassily in Suez said most of his days recently have been devoted to "greeting people as they enter their work at a factory, visiting government offices, and meeting people on the street.
But, Mr Wassily admits, the industrial city with a strong Muslim Brotherhood presence, has presented an "uphill battle".
Suez, which has a strong working-class presence, was a flashpoint during last February's revolution. The industrial city has long been a hotbed of labour militancy and resistance. It was here that the first protester was killed on January 25 and a police station torched.
Now, ten months later, campaign posters line the streets, strung between lamp lights and plastered to walls. In the days before the election, party tents lined the main street, manned by volunteers using desktop computers to look up polling stations for voters. Liberal parties have pooled their volunteers in Suez to monitor the election in a governorate with a half-million population.
But analysts say the parties will have to work harder to unify their ranks and earn voter trust if they hope to compete with the valuable name recognition that many FJP and Nour party candidates established through decades of grassroots charity work.
"It's not just that Egyptians are susceptible to the Islamic method, but it's also that there is a class division in Egypt and the secular parties have not been able to establish themselves as a party that caters to all people," said Marina Ottaway, a Middle East analyst at Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
To combat that mentality, Tarek Yassin Al Rafan, a Free Egyptians party member and Sufi sheikh, travelled to Suez city in the days before the election to rally voters to the party and help assuage them that the party is not "anti-Islamic".
"I'm here to change the idea that this is a Christian party. As an Islamic clergyman, I am telling people this is not a [Coptic Christian] Naguib Sawiris party, it is a party of Free Egyptians," he said.
Mr Al Rafan had been running with the Egypt Bloc for the Giza labour seat but withdrew from the race last week to help pave the way for political analyst Amr el Shobky, who is running for the liberal, centrist El Adl party.
Multiple parties with similar platforms left the individual vote split in the first round, according to Adel Soliman, head of Cairo's International Centre for Future and Strategic Studies.
But efforts to coordinate may come too late, as ballots could not be altered to remove candidates' names and it's unlikely that the bloc has enough clout to influence voters on the street.
"It's not just about splitting the vote. Amr Shobkry has a PhD," said Mr Al Rafin, adding "We need people with legal and academic backgrounds writing the constitution, not just religious backgrounds."
The newly elected parliament's first task will be selecting a 100-member assembly to rewrite the constitution, though the military appointed a 30-member council to oversee the process.
An estimated 18.8 million people were set to cast ballots – 1.3 million more than the first round.
http://www.thenational.ae/news/world/middle-east/large-turnout-in-second-round-of-egyptian-elections#full
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'Is There One US Senator Who Will Join Me?': 'BradCast' 1/6/2017
Dem Senators fail to act, so Trump officially becomes President-Elect; Journalist Steve Horn on Koch Brothers' triumph with House passage of REINS Act; AG nominee Jeff Sessions lied about civil rights record...
By Brad Friedman on 1/6/2017 6:09pm PT
On today's BradCast, Donald Trump officially becomes President-Elect, House Republicans adopt a radical restructuring of the U.S. Government at the long-sought behest of the Koch Brothers, and Trump's nominee for Attorney General is exposed as a liar. [Audio link to show posted below.]
While corporate media were covering another mass shooting, this one allegedly by an Army veteran in Florida, the U.S. Congress met in a Joint Session today to certify the final Electoral College vote count. Despite multiple challenges to the results in 10 different states by House Democrats from the Progressive and Black Caucuses, not one U.S. Senator (Democratic, Republican or, yes, Independent) stepped up to join them, as required by the Constitution, for an official challenge to the results. We have full coverage of that, along with the citizen protests inside the Senate chamber as Vice President Joe Biden officially certified the results.
In another reminder that Democrats may not yet full appreciate what we are all now up against, Republicans in the U.S. House passed the radical REINS Act ("Regulations from the Executive in Need of Scrutiny" Act) on the second day of the Congressional session. The bill, which the Koch Brothers and their many political organizations have been pushing for years, will upend more than a century of governmental functioning by requiring that every major regulation adopted by a federal agency be approved by both houses of Congress within 70 days. Under the Act, if either the House or Senate fail to ratify new regulations --- created by experts, sometimes over many years, to enforce laws passed by Congress --- it cannot be enforced, and no other similar regulation can be considered until the next session of Congress, a year or two later.
Investigative journalist Steve Horn, who covered the bill's passage in the House at DeSmogBlog yesterday, joins us to discuss the disturbing and far-reaching ramifications if this bill passes in the Senate and is signed by the President, and why it is that it's seemingly receiving little or no attention or concern from Democrats or corporate media.
"The Koch Brothers and the entities they fund...see this as a potential landmark thing. It's huge," Horn tells me. "If it gets through the courts, it could be something akin to a Citizens United, where it sets a whole new precedent. I think the Koch Brothers see this as a potential sea change in government. They want to change the landscape altogether." Well, this'll do it.
Then, as the GOP is drastically limiting the number of days and witnesses for upcoming confirmation hearings of Trump's top appointments, more than 1,000 attorneys are opposing the controversial appointment of Alabama Sen. Jeff Sessions as the next U.S. Attorney General. And a number of longtime DoJ Civil Rights Unit attorneys are calling him out for lying about his litigation record on civil rights when he served as US Attorney in the 80s.
And, finally, Michelle Obama, in her final remarks as First Lady at the White House, called for hope, not fear, as we all move forward together...
Article Categories: Election Irregularities, Florida, Election Reform, BRAD BLOG Media Appearance, Alabama, Rights And Freedoms, U.S. Constitution, Touch-Screen DREs/BMDs, U.S. House, Maxine Waters, Hillary Clinton, U.S. Senate, Voter Registration, Vote Caging, Democrats, Republicans, Joe Biden, Michelle Obama, Jeff Sessions, KPFK, Donald Trump, Koch Industries, Voting Rights Act, Russia, NRA/Gun Violence, Election 2016, BradCast, Raúl Grijalva, Barbara Lee, Shiela Jackson Lee, REINS Act
Florida Preps for Election 'Storm'; Michelle Obama Says 'Enough is Enough': 'BradCast' 10/13/2016
Guest: Palm Beach County, FL Election Supervisor Susan Bucher...
On today's BradCast, "this is not normal, this is not politics as usual", Michelle Obama declared. But, at least in Palm Beach County, FL, after last week's hurricane, the top election official says she's ready for whatever storm may be coming. [Audio to the complete show is linked below.]
I'm joined today by Susan Bucher, Palm Beach County, FL Supervisor of Elections, to discuss preparations for late voter registrations following Hurricane Matthew and what she suspects may be record turnout in Early and Election Day voting. She describes yesterday's court order to extend the registration period until October 18th as "a victory for all Floridians," and says that, despite the tight deadlines now before early voting begins on October 24th, her county is ready.
"We're a tough state, we're a tough county --- and we've been working overtime for a month to make sure we're ready for the big push. We opened our doors on the holiday on Monday. We were just slammed with lots of people all day. We opened early, we stayed late. All of our employees have been working overtime. We will get it done before early voting starts," she vows.
"Millennials now outnumber senior citizens and nearly half the voters under 30 are Latino or African-American," Bucher explains. "And, especially after the last debate, we saw a very large push of citizens out there. There are young people registering voters and bringing us stacks [of registrations] that are a foot deep. People are very anxious about this election. We have 880,000 voters and, let me tell you, I have never seen it so supercharged as I see it now. The last Presidential turnout was 70 percent. We're setting up for about 80-85 and maybe more."
Her county was, before she arrived eight years ago, made infamous for its Butterfly Ballot disaster during Florida's 2000 Presidential election debacle, one of the "original sins" leading us directly to the poisonous politics of the 2016 Presidential Election, as I detail once again on today's show. But Bucher says she ready, as we revisit more recent disasters in her county and state, such as Republican Governor Rick Scott's failed attempt to unlawfully purge thousands of legitimate voters from the rolls in 2012; the 6-hour long lines to vote that same year, after Scott cut the number of Early Voting days in half; and the paper ballot computer tabulators which incorrectly reported the results of three races in Palm Beach, declaring losing candidates to be "winners" back in 2010.
(Bucher tells me the software failures in those Sequoia tabulators have now been corrected in her county, but says she has many checks and balances in place, and is ready to go to court to get approval once again for hand-counting, if necessary, as she did in 2010 when she happened to notice the strange results. The state does not allow a hand-count of paper ballots without a court order. "It's unfortunate that it always takes court action with this Governor and this Secretary [of State] but if that's what works, then that's what we need to do," she tells me, going on to describe the recent conference call with the U.S. Dept. of Homeland Security regarding concerns of hacks to voting and registration systems in the Sunshine State and elsewhere around the country.)
Meanwhile, in Georgia, as in Florida, voting rights groups filed suit to extend the voter registration deadline there as well, following mandatory evacuations over the final weekend of voter registration.
Also today, hear them roar: Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) excoriates Wells Fargo CEO John Stumpf for a lack of accountability, despite the announcement of his resignation after admitting fraudulent practices at the nation's largest bank. Then, Michelle Obama delivers a blistering speech condemning sexual harassment in the wake of Hurricane Trump, as an avalanche of women come forward to detail disturbing allegations against the Republican Presidential nominee. We offer an extended excerpt from her remarks at a New Hampshire rally today.
Finally: Desi Doyen, who also has a thought or two on Michelle's remarks and the allegations against Trump, brings us the latest, very busy, Green News Report...
Article Categories: Election Irregularities, Florida, Al Gore, Election Reform, Sequoia Voting Systems, Election 2000, Georgia, BRAD BLOG Media Appearance, Rights And Freedoms, Paper Ballots Legislation, Hillary Clinton, Voter Registration, Election 2012, Bush Legacy, Michelle Obama, Election 2010, KPFK, Donald Trump, Elizabeth Warren, Oklahoma, Election 2016, BradCast, Wells Fargo, Hurricane Matthew
Sanders: 'That's What Democracy is About': 'BradCast' 7/26/2016
Guest: The Nation's John Nichols from the Democratic Convention in Philadelphia, on Sanders, his supporters, their movement and future...
Not to give away the ending, but by the close of today's BradCast, Hillary Clinton became the Democrats' nominee for President of the United States.
Before we got there, however, we were joined from the Democratic National Convention in Philadelphia by longtime progressive journalist and author John Nichols of The Nation and Madison, Wisconsin's Capital Times to discuss yesterday's early tumult with the resignation of DNC Chair Debbie Wasserman Schultz and what we should expect from her interim replacement Donna Brazile between now and Election Day.
The bulk of our conversation, however, centers on how some of the most die-hard Bernie Sanders supporters and convention delegates are feeling today, what it may take for Clinton to win their votes between now and November, and where Sanders' progressive movement may go thereafter. "Bottom line is," he cautions, "it's not what you hear at the convention, necessarily. It's about what comes after."
On an optimistic note, Nichols describes how he has been seeing many progressive Sanders supporters step up to run for office in recent days "all over this country. You won't know all their names, and neither will I, because a lot of them will be running for Drainage Commissioner. But that's how the Christian Coalition got its power, because they figured out there was a Religious Right way to be a Drainage Commissioner. And I can tell you something: there is absolutely a democratic socialist way to be a Drainage Commissioner."
As to the likelihood of a Trump Presidency, Nichols is very concerned. "He's talking to people who have had the hell beaten out of them by globalization, de-industrialization, automation. So it is not shocking at all that there are people feeling so pressured that they might consider an option that, by any reasonable measure, seems madness. We must accept that. The reality of politics. If we don't, we end up with a surprise like Reagan in '80. We tell ourselves something couldn't happen, and then it goes and happens."
But does the Democratic Party understand that? And is Nichols' own home state of Wisconsin really in play this year, as Republicans seem to suggest every year? His answers to all of those questions and many others on today's BradCast!
Also on today's program: Extended excerpts from the moving and inspiring Day 1 speeches of Michelle Obama, Bernie Sanders and others, and a brilliant new way that one group concerned about climate change is hoping to entice new young voters to register...
Article Categories: Ohio, Pennsylvania, BRAD BLOG Media Appearance, DNC, Wisconsin, U.S. House, Hillary Clinton, U.S. Senate, Barack Obama, Voter Registration, Democrats, Michigan, U.S. Supreme Court, Michelle Obama, KPFK, Donald Trump, Bernie Sanders, Debbie Wasserman-Schultz, Climate change, Election 2016, TPP, BradCast, Donna Brazile, Cory Booker
VIDEO: Michelle Obama's Extraordinary 2012 DNC Speech
By Brad Friedman on 9/4/2012 10:35pm PT
According to Twitter, "The end [of] @MichelleObama's speech drove a higher Tweets-per-minute peak than @MittRomney's at #GOP2012. 28,003 vs. 14,289 for the Gov."
If you saw it, you probably know why that was. We don't take sides in these things, but we know a good speech when we see it. Even Chris Wallace on Fox "News" had little choice, as much as it seemed to pain him, but to call it "masterful". Former Republican Party Chairman Michael Steele described it as "one helluva speech."
While partisans always enjoy pretending First Ladies (anybody's), or even hopeful First Ladies, are just "amazing", they rarely are. This one, on the other hand, no matter what you may feel about her husband, actually is --- at least if her eloquent and extraordinary speech tonight is any indication.
Too bad shitty speakers like Bill Clinton on Wednesday and Barack Obama on Thursday, are gonna have to meet her incredibly high first night bar.
If you missed the speech that lit up Twitter tonight --- and even led some to call (only half joking?) for "Michelle Obama 2016!" --- the video of the entire speech follows below...
Article Categories: DNC, Election 2012, Michelle Obama
Official White House Portrait of the Moment: Michelle Obama's 'Right to Bare Arms'
The wingnuts, apparently, are in a bit of a froth about Michelle Obama's rockin' cool, official White House portrait. Something about the sleeveless First Lady seems to be driving them batty. Though, admittedly, that's not a very long drive.
Jill C., over at the always-brilliant Brilliant at Breakfast, rolls up her own sleeves to examine why it is that Michelle may be getting under the skin of the rightwing mommy and MILF fetishists...
Article Categories: Republicans, Michelle Obama


As an avid reader, my book choices tend to fall into one of a handful of genres. I'm a sucker for a good biography. Maybe that's a voyeuristic tendency, but the ability to look into the lives of others and learn from their experience, while at the same time being entertained by their antics, is a great formula.


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Casella de la Turbina és un monument del municipi de Vilanova de Bellpuig (Pla d'Urgell) inclòs en l'Inventari del Patrimoni Arquitectònic de Catalunya.

Descripció
La casella del guarda del canal té l'estructura dels edificis bastits per la Junta del Canal d'Urgell: planta rectangular, coberta a dues aigües i l'opus incertum; la utilització d'aquest material en una estructura que es va repetint fa que totes les obres arquitectòniques del canal segueixin uns mateixos paràmetres estilístics. L'edifici presenta un frontis amb tres nivells ben diferenciats mitjançant la utilització de frisos (amb totxo) que fan d'elements separadors. Així, doncs, a la planta baixa trobem la porta i a banda i banda d'aquesta una finestra. En el segon nivell tres finestres es conjuguen simètricament amb les obertures de la planta baixa. El tercer nivell, compost per l'espai que va del pis a la teulada, s'organitza mitjançant la utilització del totxo, a tall de timpà, tancant el bell mig un arc cec de descàrrega. Tots els elements d'obertura s'emmarquen perimètricament amb un llindar de totxo, fent un dibuix de merlets laterals. Aquest element el trobem també als angles que uneixen el frontis amb les façanes laterals. L'edifici, al conjugar el totxo (element decoratiu) amb l'opus incertum (element constructiu), adquireix un equilibri que sobta trobar-lo en una construcció amb funció d'aixoplugar i emparar al vigilant del canal.

Història
El 1904, al construir-se tercera séquia del Canal d'Urgell es va haver de dotar d'infraestructures necessàries per a poder dirigir i controlar els moviments de l'aigua; l'edifici pertany a aquesta època. Actualment no té cap funció i pertany a la Junta del Canal (Mollerussa).

Referències

Patrimoni monumental de Vilanova de Bellpuig
Habitatges de Vilanova de Bellpuig


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