text:
Declaration of Mark C. Rathbun
I, Mark C. Rathbun, hereby declare:
1. I am the President of the Religious Technology Center ("RTC"). RTC has the responsibility of ensuring that the nature and quality of the services and products associated with the religion of Scientology and with its technologies of spiritual counselling, ethics and administration are properly applied in accordance with the standards set forth by the Founder of the Religion, L. Ron Hubbard. I have personal knowledge of the facts set forth below, and if called upon to do so, I could and would competently testify thereto.
2. In addition to my corporate position as President of RTC, I also hold the ecclesiastical position of Inspector General for Ethics. The function of that position is to ensure the standard application of the ethics technology of the Scientology religion. I am responsible for ensuring that the ethical standards of Scientology are observed to the letter. My life is dedicated to the support and preservation of the Scientology religion and its scripture, which consists of the religious writings of Mr. Hubbard.
3. I am familiar with this litigation and the outrageous accusations introduced against the Church of Scientology under the guise of an explanation of Armstrong's "state of mind." Armstrong was thus permitted to introduce evidence which twisted and perverted the facts about his former religion and its system of ethics and justice one hundred and eighty degrees from the truth. In fact, Scientologists, as a group, comprise
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the most ethical people, following the highest ethical standards, of any group in the world today.
4. At trial, the Church of Scientology of California was effectively prevented from placing into the record the overwhelming evidence of Scientology's emphasis on honesty and integrity, or from demonstrating to the Court the truth about its system of ethics and justice which its parishioners prize so highly. The trial court erred when it accepted, as has this Court, Armstrong's evidence concerning his alleged "state of mind" and then used that evidence to support findings of fact as though such supposed evidence had been admitted for the truth of the assertions. Consequently, the false accusations leveled by Amrstrong were never answered, as they could have been, with a resounding demonstration by the Church of the standards of ethical conduct that are required of each and every Scientologist and of the developments of L. Ron Hubbard which led to the creation of an ecclesiastical ethics and justice system that is honest, ethical and fair. This declaration is an attempt to demonstrate to this Court just a fraction of the evidence that the Church would have supplied to the Court below, had it been allowed to do so, to prevent the reliance by that Court and now this Court on the distorted picture of Scientology created by Armstrong.
5. Armstrong spent a considerable time at trial asserting that an alleged practice of "fair game" made him fearful, and that this fear was a justification for his theft of documents. Armstrong's use and description of the term "fair game," and his allegations of fear concerning it, are entirely belied by
Church scripture, doctrine and essential philosophy. "fair game" was a term used in the Church for a short while in the 1960's. By the time Armstrong first entered the Church, the term was no longer used, and the policy referring to it had been expressly cancelled.
6. As used for this brief time within the Church, "fair game" had not even the slightest resemblance to the wild accusations made by Armstrong. It meant simply that an individual so labelled was not entitled to the protection of the Scientology system of justice. In this regard it is similar to the Old English concept of "outlaw" which was "one who is put out of the protection or aid of the law." (Black's Law Dictionary, Rev. Fourth Edition, pg. 1255).
7. The Scientology ethics and justice system is a privilege and benefit for Scientologists. Scientologists can and do avail themselves of the Scientology ethics and justice system as it is inexpensive, swift, sane, accurate and based solely on getting to the truth. One is judged by a committee of his peers whose only task is to get to the truth of disputes between Scientologists. Scientology justice committees do not punish, they only get to the truth and attempt to rectify injustices. The system is based on trust, and because Scientology is predicated on truth and honesty, no Scientologist in good standing would even think of lying in such a proceeding or attempt to derail and misdirect a proceeding through false and inflammatory testimony such as one sees in civil cases in every courthouse.
8. One of the fundamental discoveries of L. Ron Hubbard
is that man is basically good. As an individual becomes more aware and able through the application of Scientology religious technology, he becomes more honest, ethical, and interested in helping others. This is why Scientologists become the most valued members of society as they advance in Scientology. L. Ron Hubbard developed a system of ethics and justice which is based on this bedrock principle. The Scientology ethics and justice system is built on the premise that honesty and integrity are essential to happiness and survival.
9. Scientologists consider this ethics and justice system a major benefit derived from membership in the Church. To expel a person from Church membership and thereby withdraw the protection and availability of the Church's ethics and justice system is the harshest penalty in the Scientology religion. Even then, however, because Scientologists believe that man is basically good, the door is always left open for that person to return to Church membership.
10. The reference to a person being "fair game" is a direct reference to what individuals who cannot have access to the Scientology justice system are likely to receive at the hands of the justice systems extant in society. Compared to Scientology ethics and justice procedures, lay justice proceedings are, in fact, barbaric.
11. Contrary to the allegations made by Armstrong throughout the trial of this case and repeated unquestioningly by Judge Breckenridge, the basic values of honesty and integrity are the bedrock upon which Scientologists build their
lives and upon which any individual must so build if he is to live happily and in harmony with his fellows.
12. The scriptures of Scientology are replete with admonitions to its adherents to build their lives on the foundations of honesty and integrity. As Mr. Hubbard stated in a technical bulletin titled " Auditor's 1/ Rights Modified," written in 1972: "The road to truth is begun with honesty." 2/ This is a road that all Scientologists, by definition, consider that they are following.
13. Mr. Hubbard's injunction to be truthful covers all aspects of an individual's and organization's activities. For example, he laid down a firm rule for Church of Scientology staff in official dealings: "Never use lies." ("The Missing Ingredient", [August 13, 1970]). In a policy directive entitled, "Safe Ground" (October 27, 1974), Mr. Hubbard reiterated this point: "1. NEVER SAY OR PUBLISH ANYTHING YOU CANNOT PROVE OR DOCUMENT; 2. ALWAYS DOCUMENT THE TRUTH TO OPPOSE LIES."
14. The value of truth and honesty in one's dealing with others goes much deeper than mere pragmatism. Honest and ethical behavior enhance the well-being of an individual and a group; dishonesty and unethical acts degrade a person and an
1) An "auditor" is a Scientology minister who counsels parishioners. The term is derived from a Latin term meaning one who listens.
2) Due to space limitations, copies of the writings of L. Ron Hubbard referred to herein are not attached, but can be supplied to this Court upon request.
organization. In a book originally published in 1951, Mr. Hubbard explained why maintaining high ethical standards is so important, not just to Scientologists, but to everyone:
Thus, dishonest conduct is nonsurvival . . . . The keeping of one's word, when it has been sacredly pledged, is an act of survival, since one is then trusted, but only so long as one keep's one's word.
To the weak, to the cowardly, to the reprehensibly irrational, dishonesty and underhanded dealings, the harming of others and the blighting of their hopes seem to be the only way of conducting life. Unethical conduct is actually the conduct of destruction and fear; lies are told because one is afraid of the consequences should one tell the truth; thus, the liar is inevitably a coward, the coward is inevitably a liar.
L. Ron Hubbard, Science of Survival, at 142-143 (1989 Ed.).
15. The subject of honesty and ethical behavior permeated Mr. Hubbard's writings throughout the years. In a 1960 issue entitled "Honest People Have Rights, Too," Mr. Hubbard stated:
Individual rights were not originated to protect criminals but to bring freedom to honest men. Into this area of protection then dived those who needed "freedom" and "individual liberty" to cover their own questionable activities.
Freedom is for honest people. No man who is not himself honest can be free--he is his own trap. When his own deeds cannot be disclosed then he is a prisoner; he must withhold himself from his fellows and is a slave to his own conscience. Freedom must be deserved before any freedom is possible.
Freedom for Man does not mean freedom to injure Man. Freedom of speech does not mean freedom to harm by lies. To preserve that freedom one must not permit men to hide their evil intentions under the protection of that freedom. To be free a man must be honest with himself and with his fellows. If a man uses his own honesty to protest the unmasking of dishonesty, then that man is an enemy of his own freedom.
Mr. Hubbard ended this bulletin with the reminder that:
"On the day when we can fully trust each other, there will be peace on Earth. Don't stand in the road of that freedom. Be free, yourself."
16. An entire book was compiled from Mr. Hubbard's writings dedicated to the subject of ethics, entitled Introduction to Scientology Ethics. The book is replete with basic truths on this subject which cannot be fully discussed in this limited space. The following statements are representative of the concepts which it contains:
The man who lies, the woman who cheats on her husband, the teenager who takes drugs, the politician who is involved in dishonest dealings, all are cutting their own throats.
It may come as a surprise to you, but a clean heart and clean hands are the only way to achieve happiness and survival. The criminal will never make it unless he reforms; the liar will never be happy or satisfied with himself until he begins dealing in truth.
L. Ron Hubbard, Introduction to Scientology Ethics, at 29 (1989 Ed.).
17. What Scientologists hope to achieve through living ethical, honest lives and showing respect for their fellow man is quite simple: happiness. Albeit simple and indeed a basic desire amongst all men, few know the requisites to true happiness as well as a Scientologist.
As for ideals, as for honesty, as for one's love of one's fellow man, one cannot find good survival for one or for many where these things are absent.
A man who is known to be honest is awarded survival-- good jobs, good friends. And the man who has ideals-- no matter how thoroughly he may be persuaded to desert them, survives well only so long as he is true to those ideals.
(Introduction to Scientology Ethics, at 23)
18. In a bulletin from 1961 entitled, "Clean Hands Make a Happy Life", Mr. Hubbard underscored the basic problem behind the lack of human happiness:
For the first time in the soggy stream that's history to the human race, its possible that happiness exists ....
What has made all Man a pauper in his happiness?
Transgressions against the mores of his race, his group, his family! ...
And as we wander on, transgressing more, agreeing to new mores and then transgressing those, we come into that sunless place, the prison of our tears and sighs and might-have-beens, unhappiness.
All Mankind lives and each man strives by codes of conduct mutually agreed . ...
But now against that codes there is transgression. And so because the code was held, whatever code it was, and Man sought comfort in Man's company, he held back his deed and so entered then the bourne in which no being laughs or has a freedom in his heart.
So down the curtains come across the brightness of the day and dull-faced clouds enmist all pleasant circumstances. For one has evilly transgressed and may not speak of it for fear all happiness will die.
19. With direct regard to the subject of spiritual progress in the Scientology religion, also referred to as "case gain," Mr. Hubbard wrote a bulletin in 1985 called
"Honesty and Case Gain." In that Bulletin, he stated:
Thus, one can bar his own way up the Bridge3/ by dishonesty.
I always feel a bit sad when I see somebody doing himself in this way. It is so pointless.
Another of his writings on this subject matter is a book entitled, The Way to Happiness. This book has been the source of a grass roots movement to improve life in the world by providing non-denominational, common sense, moral principles for this modern time. The book is divided into different precepts, with titles such as "Be Worthy of Trust,""Fulfill Your Obligations," "Do Not Steal," "Respect the Religious Beliefs of Others," "Don't Do Anything Illegal," and "Seek to Live With the Truth." A few brief excerpts will show its teachings:
Be Worthy of Trust.
Unless one can have confidence in the reliability of those about one, he, himself, is at risk. When those he counts upon let him down, his own life can become disordered and even his own survival can be put at risk.
Mutual trust is the firmest building block in human relationships. Without it, the whole structure comes down.
When one gives an assurance or promise or makes a sworn intention, one must make it come true. If one says he is going to do something, he should do it.
If he says he is not going to do something, he should not do it. ...
3) The Bridge is the term which is used to describe the series of gradient steps of spiritual awareness which one achieves in the Scientology religion.
People who keep their word are trusted and admired. People who do not are regarded like garbage. Those who break their word often never get another chance.
A person who does not keep his word can soon find himself entangled and trapped in all manner of "guarantees" and "restrictions" and can even find himself shut off from normal relations with others. There is no more thorough self-exile from one's fellows than to fail to keep one's promises once made.
(The Way To Happiness, at 191-192; 198-200.)
The honesty of an individual is something that affects those with whom a person lives and works. As Mr. Hubbard said in a writing titled "Ethics and Executives," 3 May 1972R,
"Dishonesty, false reports, an out-ethics [i.e., unethical] personal life, should all be looked for and, by persuasion, should be corrected."
Again and again Mr. Hubbard has stressed that dishonesty in one's dealing with others is harmful not only to the other individual, but to one's self:
The ruin of another's life can wreck one's own. Society reacts -- the prisons and the insane asylums are stuffed with people who harmed their fellows. But there are other penalties: whether one is caught or not, committing harmful acts against others, particularly when hidden, can cause one to suffer severe changes in his attitudes toward others and himself, all of them unhappy ones. The happiness and joy of life depart.
(The Way To Happiness, at 322 - 324.)
20. This standard is not limited to simply those with whom a person works with directly but in fact all those with whom one may come in contact in the community and within society:
A country has laws and regulations to coordinate its activities.
One does NOT seek to get around these or avoid
these or find loopholes in them. This is COMPLICATED AND DISHONEST.
It is MUCH simpler just to know and obey them.
"Regulations and Laws, Obedience To," 27 October 1973.
21. In a writing issued in 1980 entitled, "Ethics, Justice, and the Dynamics,"4/, L. Ron Hubbard wrote:
Years ago I discovered and proved that man is basically good. This means that the basic personality and the basic intentions of the individual, toward himself and others are good.
When a person finds himself committing too many harmful acts against the dynamics, he becomes his own executioner. This gives us the proof that man is basically good. When he finds himself committing too many evils, then, causatively, unconsciously or unwittingly, man puts ethics in on himself by destroying himself; and he does himself in without assistance from anybody else.
This is why the criminal leaves clues on the scene, why people develop strange incapacitating illnesses and why they cause themselves accidents and even decide to have an accident. When they violate their own ethics, they begin to decay. They do this all on their own, without anybody else doing anything.
4) L. Ron Hubbard's most fundamental discovery was the discovery that whatever else they were doing, all life was seeking to survive. Survival is the common denominator of all life. The basic urge to survive manifests itself in different ways. These ways have been divided into eight parts, or"dynamics". Each of these dynamics is interdependent on the others. Each of us is striving to survive along or through these subdivisions of the basic urge to survive: 1) the urge to survive as an individual; 2) the urge to survive through sex and the rearing of children; 3) the urge to survive through groups; 4) the urge to survive as mankind, 5) the urge to survive through living things, i.e., animals or plants; 6) the urge to survive through the physical universe (matter, energy, space and time [mest -- the physical universe]); 7) the urge to survive through the spiritual universe; and 8) the urge to survive through God, or the infinite.
22. The teachings of Mr. Hubbard are unequivocal on this point. The commission of dishonesties, of harmful acts against another is the road to personal destruction, to the loss of awareness, the loss of abilities, to personal unhappiness and the destruction of positive interpersonal relationships. Only the litigants who, due to their own harmful acts, have already travelled down this route or those who, through misinformation or ignorance know no better, would advance or believe that the scriptures of the Church could support the commission of harmful acts against one's fellow man.
23. In fact, the precise opposite is true. Scientology scriptures detail how it is that harmful acts against one's fellows bring about the loss of integrity and decrease one's ability to handle life successfully. The mechanism at work here was presented by Mr. Hubbard in 1968:
There was an important discovery made in 1952 . . . which did not get included in "Book One," Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health.
This was the "overt-motivator sequence. . ."
AN OVERT, in Dianetics and Scientology, is an aggressive or destructive ACT by the individual against one or another of the eight dynamics (self, family, group, mankind, animals or plants, mest, life or the infinite).
A MOTIVATOR is an aggressive or destructive act received by the person or one of the dynamics.
The viewpoint from which the act is viewed resolves whether the act is an overt or a motivator.
The reason it is called a "motivator" is because it tends to prompt that one pays it back -- it "motivates" a new overt.
When one has done something bad to someone or something, one tends to believe it must have been "motivated."
Bulletin of 20 May 1968, "Overt-Motivator Sequence."
Thus, an individual who commits harmful acts against himself, another, the social order and so forth, grows invariably at odds with the person or institution whom he has attacked.
24. Mr. Hubbard explained this phenomena further in a lecture given to Scientology ministerial students:
[M]an is basically good, despite his reactive bank.5/ The reactive bank is only composed to make a man commit overts, which is against his better nature. If he commits these overts, therefore, he'll trap himself because he won't go on communicating, having committed them. So it's the perfect trap. You do not want to talk to people you have wronged . ... They commit an overt act, don't you see, and then they will try to withhold and sever the communication line for fear that they will commit another overt act. That actually is the fundamental think of man.
Tape Lecture of July 2, 1964, "0/W Modernized and Reviewed."
25. The path one trods when he commits harmful acts is the road to oblivion. It is the descent not only into despair and destroyed relationships; it is also the way to personal degradation and criminality. "A criminal is one who is motivated by evil intentions and who has committed so many harmful overt acts that he considers such activities ordinary." (Bulletin of 15 September 1981, "The Criminal Mind,") The desperate straits to which the criminal has descended have been clearly described by Mr. Hubbard:
5) The "bank" is a slang term referring to a person's "reactive bank", that portion of a person's mind wherein all painful experience is stored below a person's awareness. The reactive mind is a stimulus-response unconscious mind which can exercise control over the individual without that person's awareness.
It is a mind like any other mind but it has gone wrong. It is motivated by evil intentions which, even if idiotic, are greater than the possessor's ability to reason. The criminal, even when he seems most clever, is really very, very stupid. The evil intentions get dramatized by senseless overt acts which are then withheld, and the final result is a person who is more dead than alive and who faces a future so agonizing that any person would shudder at it. The criminal, in fact, has forfeited his life and any meaning to it even when he remains "uncaught" and "unpunished," for in the long run, he has caught himself and punishes himself for all eternity. No common judge can give a sentence as stiff as that. They know down deep that this is true and that is why they scream with such ferocity that men have no souls. They can't confront the smallest part of what awaits them.
When you understand what the criminal mind consists of, you can also understand how ghastly must be the feelings or lack of them with which the criminal has to live within himself and for all his days forever. He is more to be pitied than punished ....
THE CRIMINAL, NO MATTER WHAT HARM HE IS DOING TO OTHERS, IS ALSO SEEKING TO DESTROY HIMSELF. HE IS IN PROTEST AGAINST HIS OWN SURVIVAL.
26. The individual, having descended away from personal honesty and integrity, down the dwindling spiral of the overt-motivator sequence, to the depths of criminality described by Mr. Hubbard in the attached bulletin arrives at a point, where they are totally consumed by their criminality. A person at this point sees all life as having the same sordid motives he does. Of such an individual, Mr. Hubbard wrote:
THE CRIMINAL ACCUSES OTHERS OF THINGS WHICH HE HIMSELF IS DOING.
THE CRIMINAL MIND RELENTLESSLY SEEKS TO DESTROY ANYONE IT IMAGINES MIGHT EXPOSE IT.
THE CRIMINAL ONLY SEES OTHERS AS HE HIMSELF IS.
27. The entire thrust of the training, auditing, ethics and justice technologies of the Scientology religion is to improve the spiritual well-being of the individual and to make him more able so that he is able to assist others to attain greater spiritual awareness. Of all of the religions in the world, Scientology is unique in the degree it places emphasis upon the value of self-determined right conduct, honesty and personal integrity. The scriptures, however, do far more than simply warn of the consequences of evil ways. They also set forth techniques for the eradication of the harmful effects of past transgressions and the rehabilitation of an individual's personal integrity and abilities. Confessional counselling sessions are standardly provided to Scientologists in order to help them unburden themselves of past transgressions. Through such counselling the individual Scientologist is made more able and is brought to levels of increased affinity and responsibility.
28. The ethics and justice system of Scientology, then, has honesty and integrity as its underpinnings. As a subject, ethics consists simply of the actions taken by an individual on himself to improve his survival. Through Scientology ethics a person is taught not a rote series of do's and don't's, but tools which he can use to make ethical and moral choices and decisions.
29. In a policy letter of 12 July 1980 later revised on 5 November 1982, entitled "The Basics of Ethics," Mr. Hubbard
wrote of the unfortunate state a person finds himself in when he is unable to ethically deal with his daily life:
The individual who lacks any ethics technology is unable to put in ethics on himself and restrains himself from contrasurvival actions, so he caves himself in. And the individual is not going to come alive unless he gets hold of the basic tech of ethics and applies it to himself and others.
30. The basic ethics technology discovered by L. Ron Hubbard is found in the ethics conditions and their formulas.
These are described in the book, Introduction to Scientology Ethics.
The basic tools used to get and keep ethics in are the ethics conditions and their formulas.
An organization or its parts or an individual passes through various states of existence. These, if not handled properly, bring about shrinkage and misery and worry and death. If handled properly they bring about stability, expansion, influence and well-being.
The different conditions formulas make up a SCALE which shows the condition or state, which is to say the degree of success or survival of an individual...
(Introduction to Scientology Ethics, at 37-38.)
31. The ethics conditions are: Confusion, Treason, Enemy, Doubt, Liability, Non-Existence, Danger, Emergency, Normal Operation, Affluence, Power, Power Change. Each condition carries with it a series of steps to follow, called formulas, which result in improvement up the rising scale of conditions. The application of the specific formulas for each condition are a basic tool which Scientologists use to live happier, more successful lives. Each condition describes a
level of survival in which an individual, business or other activity can be located at any given moment. Mr. Hubbard has laid out an exact formula, or set of steps, for each condition, which, if correctly followed, will result in the attainment of a higher condition. For example, both a new marriage and a new business start out in a condition of "non-existence" and to succeed, must follow the formula steps of getting in communication with one's partner or potential customers, finding out what is needed from that person, and providing that. Whether one is doing well, poorly, or just getting by, there is a condition formula which applies. (For a full description of the various ethics conditions and their individual formulas, see Introduction to Scientology Ethics, pp. 56-104.) Through the use of the correct formula, one is able to improve how he or she is doing.
32. Condition formulas are used to handle all types of situations, favorable and unfavorable, alike. For example, if one made a bad error on one's job, he could use an ethics condition, such as the Liability formula, as a guide to getting back on top of the situation -- perhaps saving his job in the process. And if one were doing very well in some area in life, the Affluence formula would provide steps to help isolate the important points of one's success and reinforce those.
33. Scientology also has an ecclesiastical justice system. Justice is applied in Scientology when an individual fails to apply the tools of ethics to correct his own unethical activities, and is causing problems for others.
34. The Scientology justice system has as its basic
premise that justice is to be used only so long as it is necessary to restore the individual to self-determined ethical conduct. It does not have punishment as a goal; rather, the purpose is to rehabilitate the individual's ability to use and apply the ethics technology. For this reason, the justice system is a gradient one, consisting of a whole series of actions which might be taken in an appropriate case to ensure that ethical conduct is restored.
35. These gradient steps are specified in a writing of Mr. Hubbard dated 29 April 1965, entitled "Ethics Review." The various tools are laid out in a progression of lightest to most severe, ranging from actions such as "noticing something non-optimum and commenting on it to the person," to the severest discipline in the Scientology religion: "expulsion from Scientology." None of the gradients carries with it physical punishment of any kind.
36. L. Ron Hubbard has stressed that the lightest forms of these levels are to be used first, and only increased as necessary to help the person:
Scientology Ethics are so powerful in effect ... that a little goes a very long ways.
Try to use the lightest form first.
37. The Scientology justice system also provides ecclesiastical fact-finding bodies and formal justice actions which help determine the appropriate way to deal with a Scientologist who has been causing difficulty for other Scientologists. The first of these is an "ethics hearing."
Such a hearing consists of a meeting of the accused with a "hearing officer." This is a fact-finding body; the accused is presented with the written accusations, is given the opportunity to question the people who have made the accusations, if necessary, and is given the opportunity to explain fully his own side of the story. The hearing officer then makes a recommendation as to how the situation should be handled.
38. If it is established by verified evidence in an ethics hearing that the person has been involved in some violations of Scientology codes or procedures, a "Court of Ethics" may be convened. The purpose of the Court is to determine what discipline should be imposed for the wrong-doing. For example, if a staff member is continually late for or absent from his assigned duties, he might be called before such a court and might be assigned a short, special project to clean the slate for the problems he has caused. Such an action would bring home to him that he is expected to appear for work on time and should regulate his actions accordingly. (See, policy letter of 26 May 65, Issue III, "Courts of Ethics,").
39. The most serious type of justice action is a Committee of Evidence. This is "a fact-finding body composed of impartial persons properly convened by a convening authority which hears evidence from persons it calls before it, arrives at a finding and makes a full report and recommendation to its convening authority for his or her action." (Policy letter of 27 March 1965, "The Justice of Scientology -- its Use
and Purpose.) The individual or individuals who are the subject of the Committee of Evidence are present at all times when evidence is presented and are given the opportunity to examine all witnesses. Once the Committee has determined the facts of the matter, it makes its recommendation to the "convening authority" who then reviews all the evidence and recommendations and accepts, or modifies the Committee's findings and recommendations. The protection which committees of evidence provide for Scientologists from possible arbitrary sanctions or sanctions arising out of momentary upset is substantial. Thus, for example, staff members may not be suspended, demoted, or improperly transferred to another job without a committee of evidence. (Id.)
40. Scientologists can and frequently do avail themselves of the Scientology justice system as it is free, swift, sane, accurate and based solely on getting to the truth.
41. The value of a committee of evidence was described by Mr. Hubbard in 1965 in a policy letter entitled "The Justice of Scientology -- Its Use and Purpose; Being a Scientologist":
Committees of Evidence work. I recall one Tech[nical] Director [Church executive in charge of administering the delivery of Church services according to the scriptures or "Tech"] accused of tampering with a student. I was told he was about to be disciplined and sacked. I stopped that action and had a Committee of Evidence convened. Accurate testimony revealed the story false and the Tech Director innocent. Without that committee he would have been ruined. I know of other instances where a committee found the facts completely contrary to rumor. Some are guilty, most are innocent. But thereby we have justice and our necks aren't out. If a person is to keep the law, he or she must know what the law is. And must be protected from viciousness and caprice in the name of law. If a person doesn't keep the law, knowing well what it
is, he or she hurts all of us and should be handled. Our justice really rehabilitates in the long run. It only disciplines those who are hurting others and gives them a way to change so they can eventually win too -- but not by hurting us.
42. As set forth above, the ultimate penalty under the justice codes of the Church of Scientology is expulsion from the Church. Mr. Hubbard wrote in a 1965 policy letter that to withdraw the protection and availability of the Scientology justice system is the harshest penalty in that system; and that is the effect of expulsion. Yet, even a person who has been declared to be a suppressive and has been expelled from the Church, however, is still afforded an opportunity to redeem himself and to return to good standing. To do so, the person must follow a simple, five step, procedure: (A) "cease all attacks and suppressions so he, she or they can get a case gain"; (B) make "a public announcement to the effect that they realize their actions were ignorant and unfounded"; (B-1) paying off all debts owed to any Scientology organizations; (B-2) complete an approved amends project; (C) training from the lowest level; (D) providing copies of the above steps to the ethics officer who is dealing with him; and (E) providing a similar copy to the International Justice Chief of the Church.
"Suppressive Acts, Suppression of Scientology and Scientologists", 8 January 1981.
43. The writings of L. Ron Hubbard are very clear on the point that even an expelled person may turn around and re- enter the Church. In "Expansion Theory of Policy", 4 December 1966 regarding expulsion from the Church, he wrote:
Further, one must leave at least a crack in the door and never close it with a crash on anyone because a demand factor may still develop there.... One must always leave a crack open. The suppressive can recant and apologize.
44. Finally, because of their adherence to a strict standard of ethics, Scientologists have a great respect for the law. As Mr. Hubbard wrote in The Way To Happiness:
"Adhere to the principal that all men are equal under law: a principal which, in its own time and place -- the tyrannical days of aristocracy -- was one of the greatest social advances in human history and should not be lost sight of.
"See the children and people become informed of what is 'legal and 'illegal' and make it known, if by as little as a frown, that you do not approve of 'illegal acts.'
"Those who commit them, even when they 'get away with them,' are yet weakened before the might of the state."
(Id., pp. 100 - 101)
45. The selections presented above are but a small portion of the hundreds of pages which Mr. Hubbard has written on the subject of Ethics and Justice, all of which is in full use and application in Churches of Scientology around the globe. As the cited materials make clear, the undeviating emphasis throughout this vast literature is that one must maintain a very high standard of ethics, that one must treat one's fellow man with dignity and respect and that one must obey the laws and act in harmony with the codes of the society. Moreover, the Scientology scriptures themselves are comprised of over 50 million words which L. Ron Hubbard wrote on the subject of the religion of Scientology. And throughout all of this material, whether dealing with techniques of counselling or with the ultimate abilities and
nature of the spiritual being that is the individual, Mr. Hubbard has written from the premise that truth, integrity, honesty and fair dealing with one's fellows, with groups and races and with each of the dynamics, is the road to survival. This is a standard which never waivers in the Church of Scientology. And this is the reason that Scientologists are the most ethical people you are likely to ever meet.
46. Seen in this context -- a context which never could be presented to Judge Breckenridge in the underlying case -- Armstrong's assertions are patently absurd and unbelievable. Armstrong attempted to take one line from a 1965 issue and to assert that this cancelled issue, which he deliberately misinterpreted to suit his own purposes, carries more weight than the thousands upon thousands of pages by Mr. Hubbard which directly and unequivocably state the exact opposite of Armstrong's interpretation. Armstrong knew that the "fair game" issue was cancelled by Mr. Hubbard in 1968, before Armstrong was first exposed to the religion of Scientology. When Mr. Hubbard learned that the line was open to misinterpretation by those not versed in Church scripture, he immediately cancelled it for that reason. The Church has always been ready to accept a reformed suppressive person back into the Church. Mr. Hubbard's writings are clear on this. The expelled individual is simply denied recourse to the Church's internal justice procedures for the resolution of his disputes with Scientologists in good standing. The door is always "left open a crack", as anyone is capable of reform. It has always been and will remain the intention of the Church
staff to bring increased well-being and spiritual awareness to all individuals on this planet. That is what the religion and the Church of Scientology are about.
47. Armstrong stands as an apostate who has found a single mistranslated line that never made it into an edition of the Bible. An apostate who, on the basis of this non-existent piece of scripture, is attempting to allege that all of Christianity is built upon a false premise and that all the teachings of Jesus and his disciples are mere coverings for the one line of alleged "scripture" which he feels "tells it all". The Court would surely recognize the absurdity of this position and would never permit the apostate to claim that his theft of sacred religious documents was warranted by his "state of mind". Yet this is an exact parallel to the situation which occurred at the Armstrong trial and which was countenanced by Judge Breckenridge and, so far, by this Court. Moreover, Armstrong well knows that it is a fundamental tenet of the Church that Church policy must be in writing to be valid ("in Scientology we say, 'if it isn't written, it isn't true.'"["The Hidden Data Line, 16 April 1965] The term "fair game" is not in the writings of the Church and is not Church policy. All valid and enforceable Church policy is published and available to parishioners. The "fair game" policy has not been published since its cancellation prior to Armstrong joining the Church and is not published in any current volumes of Scientology writings, and indeed was never published in any edition of any of the Scientology policy volumes. It is not something that is open to interpretation by Armstrong, Judge Breckenridge, or anyone else. It does not exist.
48. Now the Court has the heretofore missing data about the nature and weight of Scientology scriptures. Now the indefensible nature of Armstrong's "state of mind" defense is clear. And further, now it is clear that Armstrong's asserted defense has forced the Court into the role of interpreter of the true meaning of Scientology scriptures, a role which is anathema to the First Amendment. Church scriptures are straight-forward on this matter: Church members and Church organizations are expected to (and do) maintain the highest standards of ethical behavior in their dealings with their fellow men and with the institutions of our society.
49. Mr. Hubbard cared deeply for mankind and dedicated his life and his work to doing what he could to make life better -- and happier -- for all mankind. It is this care and dedication which is carried on by Scientologists the world over, and their own happiness and that of those around them reflect just that. Mr. Hubbard expressed the purpose underlying his work in an article entitled, The Aims of Scientology:
50. The truth regarding the Church of Scientology is clear. These are the true facts about the ethics and justice systems of the Church and the values which the writings of L. Ron Hubbard advance. These are tools of personal salvation which litigants against the Church violently malign and impugn. From the blackened depths of their criminal minds, they seek to destroy this hope for mankind through false pictures and wild
allegations which merely reflect their own sordid intentions and actions. Yet, as this small sampling of the scriptures show, the truth is very different. The religion of Scientology places a premium upon ethical behavior; and Scientologists, as a group, are the most ethical people in the world today. In fact, the ethical standards which they maintain are far and above those of any other group.
I declare under penalty of perjury under the laws of the State of California that the foregoing is true and correct.
Executed in the State of California, the 13th day of August 1991.


I noticed that I was stuck on "82" cards, the number didn't go up. I refreshed the page, it stayed "82", did a card, it went up to "83", then I noticed again that it had gotten stuck on "83", so when I refreshed, it went back to "81" and got stuck there, for the third time. I stopped then.
The number is stuck both on the bar on the bottom and in the progress report.


We treat patients requiring different kinds of special health care in collaboration with Tays Central Hospital and Tays Hatanpää Hospital. We provide outpatient treatment and ward treatment. At our hospital, a physician's referral is always needed for studies and treatment by a specialist. The referral should be sent to Tays.
We have a specialist's reception in the following specialties: general surgery, orthopaedics, urology, gastric surgery, gastroenterology, gynaecology, vascular surgery, paediatrics, otorhinolaryngology, internal diseases, endocrinology, rheumatology and psychiatry. Nurses' receptions are available for patients with diabetes, rheumatoid diseases, sleep apnoea and skin diseases. The hospital has approximately 4,000 outpatient visits a month.
We provide special health care ward treatment and rehabilitation for patients in the wards of internal medicine and rehabilitation. These patients have had a procedure either at Tays Central Hospital, Tays Hatanpää Hospital or the Heart Hospital. The proportion of emergency patients is approximately 25 percent. There is a dialysis unit in connection with the Internal Medicine Ward, open from Monday to Saturday.
The psychiatric ward provides treatment to patients requiring psychiatric ward treatment. There are approximately 250 ward treatment periods a month.
X-ray imaging and laboratory services related to patient studies and treatments are available at Tays Sastamala Hospital at the laboratory or X-ray offices, or at other units in Tays when necessary.
The social and health care services of the Sastamala region (Sotesi) and the health care centre's emergency reception operate in the same building as the hospital.
We constantly collect feedback from patients about their experiences of the care, treatment and guidance they have received. Based on the feedback, 98 percent of patients have felt that the treatment they received was very good or good. Likewise 98 percent of patients would recommend the Tays Sastamala Hospital to a family member if he or she needed treatment.
The hospital is located in the centre of Sastamala. All patients should check in and register in the main lobby of the hospital, with the self-registration machine close to the main entrance.


text:
Q: Is C strongly typed? To quote Wikipedia:

Two commonly used languages that
  support many kinds of implicit
  conversion are C and C++, and it is
  sometimes claimed that these are
  weakly typed languages. However,
  others argue that these languages
  place enough restrictions on how
  operands of different types can be
  mixed, that the two should be regarded
  as strongly typed languages.

Is there a more definitive answer?

A: C is more strongly typed than Javascript and less strongly typed than Ada.
I'd say it falls more into the strongly typed side of the continuum.  but someone else might disagree (even if they're wrong).
How's that for definitive?

A: According to Dennis Ritchie (creator of C ) and Brian Kernighan , C is not a strongly typed language. Following lines are from the book The C programming language page 3 paragraph 5

C is not a strongly-typed language, but as it has evolved, its type checking has been strengthened.

A: C is considered statically typed (you can't have a variable change from int to float).  Once a variable is declared it is stuck that way.
But it is considered weakly typed because the types can be flip flopped.
What is 0?  '\0', FALSE, 0.0, etc..
in many languages you can't say IF (variable) because conditions will only take boolean values from boolean expressions.  These are more strongly typed.  The same applies to going between characters and integers.
basically c has two main simple data types, integers and floating point numbers (though various precisions).  Everything else booleans, enums (not simple but it fits), etc. are implemented as one of those.  Even characters are basically integers.
Compare to other languages where there are string types, enum types that can only be assigned to the defined values, boolean types where only expressions that generate booleans or true/false can be used.
But you can argue that compared to Perl C is strongly typed.  So it is one of those famous arguments (vi vs emacs, linux vs windows, etc.).  C# is stronger typed than C.  Basically you can argue either way.  And your answers will probably go both ways :)  Also some textbooks/web pages will say C is weakly typed, and some will say C is strongly typed.  If you go to wikipedia the C entry says "partially weak typing".  I would say compared to Python C is weakly typed.  So Python/C#, C, Perl on the continuum.

A: Plenty of good answers here. I want to bring up an important point from Real World Haskell:

It is useful to be aware that many language communities have their own definitions of a
  "strong type". Nevertheless, we will speak briefly and in broad terms about the notion of strength in type systems.

(snip)

The fireworks around type systems have their roots in ordinary English, where people attach notions of value to the words "weak" and "strong": we usually think of strength as better than weakness. Many more programmers speak plain English than academic jargon, and quite often academics really are throwing brickbats at whatever type system doesn't suit their fancy. The result is often that popular Internet pastime, a flame war.

So, look at the answers about C and C++, but remember that 'strong' and 'weak' do not map to 'good' and 'bad'.

A: In my opinion, C/C++ are strongly typed. The type of hacks that allow types to be converted (void*) are there because of C's closeness to the machine. In other words, you can call assembler commands from Pascal and manipulate pointers and Pascal is still regarded as a strongly typed language. You can call assembler and C executables from Java through JNI but it doesn't make Java weakly typed.
C just has assembler "embedded" in it with raw pointers and such.

A: It's hard to classify every language into 'weakly' or 'strongly' typed -- it's more of a continuum.  But, in comparison to other languages, C is fairly strongly typed.  Every object has a compile-time type, and the compiler will let you know (loudly) if you're doing something with an object that its type doesn't let you do.  For example, you can't call functions with the wrong types of parameters, access struct/union members which don't exist, etc.
But there are a few weaknesses.  One major weakness is typecasts - they essentially say that you're going to be mucking around with the types of objects, and the compiler should be quiet (when it can).  void* is also another weakness -- it's a generic pointer to an unknown type, and when you use them, you have to be extra careful that you're doing the right thing.  The compiler can't statically check most uses of void*.  void* can also be converted to a pointer to any type without a cast (only in C, not in C++), which is another weakness.

A: The term strongly typed doesn't have a agreed-upon definition. Therefore, unless you define what you mean by "strongly typed", it is impossible to answer your question.
In my experience, the terms "strongly typed" and "weakly typed" are used exclusively by trolls, because their lack of definitions allows the trolls to redefine them mid-argument to suit their agenda. Other than for starting flamewars, these terms are pretty much useless.
You might also want to take a look at What are the key aspects of a strongly typed language? here on StackOverflow.

A: "Strongly typed" and "weakly typed" are terms that have no widely agreed-upon technical meaning.  Terms that do have a well-defined meaning are

*

*Dynamically typed means that types are attached to values at run time, and an attempt to mix values of different types may cause a "run-time type error".  For example, if in Scheme you attempt to add one to true by writing (+ 1 #t) this will cause an error.  You encounter the error only if you attempt to execute the offending code.

*Statically typed means that types are checked at compile time, and a program that does not have a static type is rejected by the compiler.   For example, if in ML you attempt to add one to true by writing 1 + true, the program will be rejected with a (probably cryptic) error message.  You always get the error even if the code might never be executed.
Different people prefer different systems according in part to how much they value flexibility and how much they worry about run-time errors.
Sometimes "strongly typed" is used loosely to mean "statically typed", and "weakly typed" is used incorrectly to mean "dynamically typed".  A better use for the term "strongly typed" is that "you cannot work around or subvert the type system", whereas "weakly typed" means "there are loopholes in the type system".  Perversely, most languages with static type systems have loopholes, while many languages with dynamic type systems have no loopholes.
None of these terms are connected in any way with the number of implicit conversions available in a language.
If you want to talk precisely about programming languages, it is best to avoid the terms "strongly typed" and "weakly typed".  I would say that C is a language that is statically typed but that has a lot of loopholes.  One loophole is that you can freely cast any pointer type to any other pointer type.  You can also create a loophole between any two types of your choice by declaring a C union that has two members, one for each of the types in question.
I have written more about static and dynamic typing at why-interpreted-langs-are-mostly-ducktyped-while-compiled-have-strong-typing.

A: C is considered to be weakly typed, because you can convert any type to any other type through a cast, without a compiler error. You can read more about the issue here.

A: The literature isn't clear about this. I think that strongly typed isn't yes/no, there are varying degrees of strong typing.
A programming language has a specification of how it executes programs. Sometimes it's not clear how to execute with certain programs. For example, programs that try to subtract a string from a number. Or programs that divide by zero. There are several ways to deal with these conditions. Some languages have rules for dealing with these errors (for example they throw an exception). Other languages just don't have rules to deal with these situations. Those languages generally have type systems to prevent compiling programs that lead to unspecified behavior. And there also exist languages that have unspecified behavior and don't have a type system to prevent these errors at compile time (if you write a program that hits unspecified behavior it might launch the missiles).
So:
Languages that specify what happens at runtime in every case (like adding a number to a string) are called dynamically typed.
Languages that prevent executing programs with errors at compile time are statically typed.
Languages that don't specify what happens and also don't have a type system to prevent errors are called weakly typed.
So is Java statically typed? Yes, because its type system disallows subtracting a string from a number. No, because it allows you to divide by zero. You could prevent division by zero at compile time with a type system. For example by creating a number type that can't be zero (e.g. NonZeroInt), and only allow to divide by numbers that have this type.
So is C strongly typed or weakly typed? C is strongly typed because the type system disallows some type errors. But it's weakly typed in other cases when it's undefined what happens (and the type system doesn't protect you).

A: There is a continuum with multiple parallel avenues between "weakly typed" and "strongly typed", two terms which are not even well defined.
C is statically typed, in that the compiler knows what the declared type of every local variable and struct member is.
Dynamically typed languages might still be strongly typed, if each object has a specific type but there is no way for the compiler to know that type.

A: Not strongly typed.
Consider what the following function prototype tells you about the data types of the arguments:
void func (int n, char ch, ...);

Nothing. So I suggest that strong typing does not apply here.

A: What is the reason for your query? The reason I ask is this is sort of a minor difference and your particular usage of "strongly-typed" might need more or less clarification. I would definitely say that Java and other languages have tighter restrictions on implicit type conversation.

A: It is difficult to provide a concrete answer when there isn't a concrete definition of "strongly typed".  I would say that C is strongly typed in that every variable and every expression has a type but weakly typed in that it allows you to change types using casts and to reinterpret the representation of one type as another.

A: I would say that C is as strongly typed as your compiler / platform dictates. For instance, if you are building on a strict platform, dereferencing a type punned pointer is likely going to break:
void m_free(void **p)
{
        if (*p != NULL) {
                free(*p);
                *p = NULL;
        }
}

....
char *str = strdup("foo");
m_free((void **) &foo);

Now, if you told the compiler to skip strict aliasing, it would be a non issue, but not very portable. So, in that sense, pushing the bounds of the language is possible but probably not the best idea. That goes a step beyond typical casting, i.e. casting int as long and really shows one of the possible pitfalls of void.
So, I would say C is basically strictly typed, but its various compilers presume that the programmer knows best and allows some flexibility. This really depends on the compiler, some would not pick up on that potential oops. So in that sense, the compiler of choice really plays a role when answering the question. What is correct often differs from what your compiler will allow you to get away with.

A: c is weakly typed, b is typeless.

A: I'd say it is strongly types as every expression has a type that is not a function of it's value; e.i. it can be known before runtime.
OTOH I'm not sure that is the correct description of strongly typed. The only stronger claim I can see reason for a language to make would be the assurance that you can't subvert the type system at runtime via reinterpret type casts, unions, calling into other languages, pointers, assembly language, etc. Languages like this exist but are so crippled that they seem to not be of much interest to programmers outside of high assurance and academia. As pointed out by someone, to really do that right you start needing to have types like nonZeroInt and whatnot. Yuck.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
//
//  MultiConferenceViewController.m
//  ECIExampleLicode
//
//  Created by Alvaro Gil on 9/4/15.
//  Copyright (c) 2015 Alvaro Gil. All rights reserved.
//

#import "MultiConferenceViewController.h"
#import "ECRoom.h"
#import "ECStream.h"
#import "ECPlayerView.h"
#import "LicodeServer.h"
#import "Nuve.h"
#import "ErizoClient.h"

static NSString *roomId = @"59de889a35189661b58017a1";
static NSString *roomName = @"IOS Demo APP";
static NSString *kDefaultUserName = @"ErizoIOS";

// Remote video view size
static CGFloat vWidth = 100.0;
static CGFloat vHeight = 120.0;

@interface MultiConferenceViewController () <UITextFieldDelegate, RTCEAGLVideoViewDelegate>
@end

@implementation MultiConferenceViewController {
    ECStream *localStream;
    ECRoom *remoteRoom;
    NSMutableArray *playerViews;
}

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];

    RTCSetMinDebugLogLevel(RTCLoggingSeverityError);

    // Initialize player views array
    playerViews = [NSMutableArray array];

    // Setup navigation
    self.tabBarItem.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"Group-Selected"];

    // Access to local camera
    [self initializeLocalStream];

    // Setup UI
    [self setupUI];
}

- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
    [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
}

- (void)setupUI {
    self.statusLabel.userInteractionEnabled = YES;
    UITapGestureRecognizer *tapGesture = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc]
                                            initWithTarget:self
                                                    action:@selector(didTapLabelWithGesture:)];
    [self.statusLabel addGestureRecognizer:tapGesture];

    [self showCallConnectViews:YES updateStatusMessage:@"Ready"];
}

- (void)initializeLocalStream {
    // Initialize a stream and access local stream
    localStream = [[ECStream alloc] initLocalStreamWithOptions:nil attributes:@{@"name":@"localStream"}];

    // Render local stream
    if ([localStream hasVideo]) {
        RTCVideoTrack *videoTrack = [localStream.mediaStream.videoTracks objectAtIndex:0];
        [videoTrack addRenderer:_localView];
    }
}

# pragma mark - ECRoomDelegate

- (void)room:(ECRoom *)room didError:(ECRoomErrorStatus)status reason:(NSString *)reason {
	[self showCallConnectViews:YES
           updateStatusMessage:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Room error: %@", reason]];
}

- (void)room:(ECRoom *)room didConnect:(NSDictionary *)roomMetadata {
	[self showCallConnectViews:NO updateStatusMessage:@"Room connected!"];

    NSDictionary *attributes = @{
						   @"name": kDefaultUserName,
						   @"actualName": kDefaultUserName,
						   @"type": @"public",
						   };
    [localStream setAttributes:attributes];
	[localStream setSignalingChannel:remoteRoom.signalingChannel];

	// We get connected and ready to publish, so publish.
    [remoteRoom publish:localStream];

    // Subscribe all streams available in the room.
    for (ECStream *stream in remoteRoom.remoteStreams) {
        [remoteRoom subscribe:stream];
    }
}

- (void)room:(ECRoom *)room didPublishStream:(ECStream *)stream {
    [self.unpublishButton setTitle:@"UnPublish" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
	[self showCallConnectViews:NO
           updateStatusMessage:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Published with ID: %@", stream.streamId]];
}

- (void)room:(ECRoom *)room didSubscribeStream:(ECStream *)stream {
	[self showCallConnectViews:NO
           updateStatusMessage:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Subscribed: %@", stream.streamId]];

    // We have subscribed so let's watch the stream.
    [self watchStream:stream];
}

- (void)room:(ECRoom *)room didUnSubscribeStream:(ECStream *)stream {
    [self removeStream:stream.streamId];
}

- (void)room:(ECRoom *)room didAddedStream:(ECStream *)stream {
    // We subscribe to all streams added.
	[self showCallConnectViews:NO
           updateStatusMessage:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Subscribing stream: %@", stream.streamId]];

    [remoteRoom subscribe:stream];
}

- (void)room:(ECRoom *)room didRemovedStream:(ECStream *)stream {
	[self removeStream:stream.streamId];
}

- (void)room:(ECRoom *)room didStartRecordingStream:(ECStream *)stream
                                    withRecordingId:(NSString *)recordingId
                                      recordingDate:(NSDate *)recordingDate {
    // TODO
}

- (void)room:(ECRoom *)room didFailStartRecordingStream:(ECStream *)stream
                                           withErrorMsg:(NSString *)errorMsg {
    // TODO
}

- (void)room:(ECRoom *)room didUnpublishStream:(ECStream *)stream {
    dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
        localStream = nil;
        [_unpublishButton setTitle:@"Publish" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    });
}

- (void)room:(ECRoom *)room didChangeStatus:(ECRoomStatus)status {
    switch (status) {
        case ECRoomStatusDisconnected:
            [self showCallConnectViews:YES updateStatusMessage:@"Room Disconnected"];
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }
}

- (void)room:(ECRoom *)room didReceiveData:(NSDictionary *)data fromStream:(ECStream *)stream {
	L_INFO(@"received data stream %@ %@\n", stream.streamId, data);
}

- (void)room:(ECRoom *)room didUpdateAttributesOfStream:(ECStream *)stream {
	L_INFO(@"updated attributes stream %@ %@\n", stream.streamId, stream.streamAttributes);
}

# pragma mark - RTCEAGLVideoViewDelegate

- (void)videoView:(RTCEAGLVideoView*)videoView didChangeVideoSize:(CGSize)size {
	L_INFO(@"Change %p %f %f", videoView, size.width, size.height);
}

# pragma mark - UI Actions

- (IBAction)connect:(id)sender {
    if (!localStream) {
        [self initializeLocalStream];
    }

    NSString *username = kDefaultUserName;
	[self showCallConnectViews:NO
           updateStatusMessage:@"Connecting with the room..."];

    // Initialize room (without token!)
    remoteRoom = [[ECRoom alloc] initWithDelegate:self
                                   andPeerFactory:[[RTCPeerConnectionFactory alloc] init]];

    /*

    Method 1: Chotis example:
    =========================

    Obtains a token from official Licode demo servers.
    This method is useful if you don't have a custom Licode deployment and
    want to try it. Keep in mind that many times demo servers are down or
    with self-signed or expired certificates.
    You might need to update room ID on LicodeServer.m file.

    [[LicodeServer sharedInstance] obtainMultiVideoConferenceToken:username
            completion:^(BOOL result, NSString *token) {
			if (result) {
				// Connect with the Room
				[remoteRoom connectWithEncodedToken:token];
			} else {
				[self showCallConnectViews:YES updateStatusMessage:@"Token fetch failed"];
			}
    }];

    Method 2: Connect with Nuve directly without middle server API:
    ===============================================================

    The following methods are recommended if you already have your own
    Licode deployment. Check Nuve.h for sub-API details.

    Method 2.1: Create token for the first room name/type available with the posibility
                to create one if not exists.

    [[Nuve sharedInstance] createTokenForTheFirstAvailableRoom:nil
                                                      roomType:RoomTypeMCU
                                                      username:username
                                                        create:YES
                                                    completion:^(BOOL success, NSString *token) {
                                                        if (success) {
                                                            [remoteRoom connectWithEncodedToken:token];
                                                        } else {
                                                            [self showCallConnectViews:YES
                                                                   updateStatusMessage:@"Error!"];
                                                        }
                                                    }];

    Method 2.2: Create a token for a given room id.
    */
    [[Nuve sharedInstance] createTokenForRoomId:roomId
                                       username:username
                                           role:kLicodePresenterRole
                                     completion:^(BOOL success, NSString *token) {
                                         if (success) {
                                            [remoteRoom connectWithEncodedToken:token];
                                         } else {
                                             [self showCallConnectViews:YES
                                                    updateStatusMessage:@"Error!"];
                                         }
                                     }];
    /*
    Method 2.3: Create a Room and then create a Token.

    [[Nuve sharedInstance] createRoomAndCreateToken:roomName
                                           roomType:RoomTypeMCU
                                           username:username
                                              completion:^(BOOL success, NSString *token) {
                                             if (success) {
                                                 [remoteRoom connectWithEncodedToken:token];
                                             } else {
                                                 [self showCallConnectViews:YES
                                                        updateStatusMessage:@"Error!"];
                                             }
                                         }];
        */

}

- (IBAction)leave:(id)sender {
    for (ECStream *stream in remoteRoom.remoteStreams) {
        [self removeStream:stream.streamId];
    }
    [remoteRoom leave];
    remoteRoom = nil;
    [self showCallConnectViews:YES updateStatusMessage:@"Ready"];
}

- (IBAction)unpublish:(id)sender {
    if (localStream) {
        [remoteRoom unpublish];
    } else {
        [self initializeLocalStream];
        [remoteRoom publish:localStream];
        [self.unpublishButton setTitle:@"UnPublish" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    }
}

- (void)didTapLabelWithGesture:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)tapGesture {
	NSDictionary *data = @{
						   @"name": kDefaultUserName,
						   @"msg": @"my test message in licode chat room"
						   };
	[localStream sendData:data];

	NSDictionary *attributes = @{
						   @"name": kDefaultUserName,
						   @"actualName": kDefaultUserName,
						   @"type": @"public",
						   };
	[localStream setAttributes:attributes];

	static bool enableSlideShow = true;
	for (ECStream *stream in remoteRoom.remoteStreams) {
		[stream enableSlideShow:enableSlideShow];
	}
	enableSlideShow = !enableSlideShow;
}

- (void)closeStream:(id)sender {
    NSString *streamId = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld", (long)((UIButton *)sender).tag];
    for (ECStream *stream in remoteRoom.remoteStreams) {
        if ([stream.streamId isEqualToString:streamId]) {
            [remoteRoom unsubscribe:stream];
        }
    }
}

# pragma mark - UITextFieldDelegate

- (BOOL)textFieldShouldReturn:(UITextField *)textField {
	[textField resignFirstResponder];
	return NO;
}

# pragma mark - Private

- (void)watchStream:(ECStream *)stream {
    // Setup a fram and init a player.
    CGRect frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, vWidth, vHeight);
    ECPlayerView *playerView = [[ECPlayerView alloc] initWithLiveStream:stream frame:frame];
	playerView.videoView.delegate = self;

    // Add button to unsubscribe the stream
    CGRect closeFrame = CGRectMake(0, playerView.frame.size.height - 20,
                                   playerView.frame.size.width, 20);
    UIButton *close = [[UIButton alloc] initWithFrame:closeFrame];
    close.titleLabel.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:15.0];
    close.tag = [stream.streamId integerValue];
    [close setTitle:@"Close" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    close.backgroundColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:0 green:0 blue:0 alpha:0.5];
    [close addTarget:self action:@selector(closeStream:)
                forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
    [playerView.videoView addSubview:close];

    // Add player view to collection and to our view.
    [playerViews addObject:playerView];
    [self.view addSubview:playerView];
}

- (void)removeStream:(NSString *)streamId {
	for (int index = 0; index < [playerViews count]; index++) {
		ECPlayerView *playerView = [playerViews objectAtIndex:index];
		if ([playerView.stream.streamId caseInsensitiveCompare:streamId] == NSOrderedSame) {
			[playerViews removeObjectAtIndex:index];
			[playerView removeFromSuperview];
			break;
		}
	}

}

- (void)viewDidLayoutSubviews {
    for (int i=0; i<[playerViews count]; i++) {
        [self layoutPlayerView:playerViews[i] index:i];
    }
}

- (void)layoutPlayerView:(ECPlayerView *)playerView index:(int)index {
    CGRect frame;
    CGFloat vOffset = 80.0;
    CGFloat margin = 20.0;

    switch (index) {
        case 0:
            frame = CGRectMake(margin, vOffset, vWidth, vHeight);
            break;
        case 1:
            frame = CGRectMake(vWidth + margin * 2, vOffset, vWidth, vHeight);
            break;
        case 2:
            frame = CGRectMake(margin, vOffset + vHeight + margin, vWidth, vHeight);
            break;
        case 3:
            frame = CGRectMake(vWidth + margin * 2, vOffset + vHeight + margin, vWidth, vHeight);
            break;
        default:
            [NSException raise:NSGenericException
                        format:@"Sorry we allow only 4 streams on this example :)"];
            break;
    }

    [playerView setFrame:frame];
}

- (void)showCallConnectViews:(BOOL)show updateStatusMessage:(NSString *)statusMessage {
	dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
		self.statusLabel.text = statusMessage;
		self.connectButton.hidden = !show;
        self.leaveButton.hidden = show;
        self.unpublishButton.hidden = show;
	});
}

@end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Dvije zastave na zapad (eng. Two Flags West), američki vestern iz 1950. godine.

Sažetak radnje
Okolnosti natjeraju zarobljene konfederacijske vojnike i uniostičke vojnike koji su ih zarobili udružiti se u borbi protiv Indijanaca. Savez je krhak i tijekom trajanja izašla su van stara neprijateljstva.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
YouTube Trailer filma

Vesterni
Američki filmovi 1950-ih
Filmovi 1950-ih

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


At ScaleFocus we aim high. We share your enthusiasm for designing and developing new innovative software solutions; maintaining and enhancing existing software applications; creating architectural and technical specifications and communicating with clients. Joining us means you will keep the curiosity in and reach new technical heights.
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* Eurodollar net shorts fall to lowest since September 2017 * Fed funds net shorts rise to highest since February 2018 (Adds details on latest data) Feb 8 (Reuters) - Speculators' net bearish bets on U.S. 10-year Treasury note futures fell to a nearly one-year low in early January as investors piled into safe-haven government debt due to economic growth worries, according to Commodity Futures Trading Commission data released on Friday.
The amount of speculators' bearish, or short, positions in 10-year Treasury futures exceeded bullish, or long, positions by 188,068 contracts on Jan. 8, according to the CFTC's latest Commitments of Traders data. This was the smallest amount of net shorts in 10-year T-notes since Jan. 23, 2018.
A week earlier, speculators held 308,287 net short positions in 10-year T-note futures.
On Jan. 4, benchmark 10-year Treasury yields touched 2.543 percent, the lowest in almost a year, before rebounding after a blockbuster December payrolls report. In late Friday trading, 10-year yields were 2.634 percent, down 2 basis points from Thursday.
The trade conflict between China and the United States, and signs of flagging growth in China and Europe have limited the rise in U.S. yields.
Moreover, traders in recent weeks have begun to put on bets the U.S. central bank might either not raise interest rates at all in 2019 or even cut rates at year-end.
Speculative net shorts in Eurodollar futures fell to 1.601 million contracts on Jan. 8, the lowest since Sept 24, 2017.
On the other hand, speculators increased their net shorts in federal funds futures to 116,406 contracts, the highest since Feb. 11, 2018.


text:
More than third of equipment now out of Iraq
Thread starter nandu
nandu
WASHINGTON: The Army is now 35 percent complete in its effort to move equipment and materiel out of Iraq as part of the withdrawal from that country.
Lt. Gen. William G. Webster, commander, Third Army, spoke April 2 during a press briefing at the Pentagon, about the status of the drawdown in Iraq, and the buildup in Afghanistan. The Army began pulling equipment out of the country in May 2009.
"When we started this operation we had about 2.8 million items of equipment in Iraq, along with 88,000 containers containing some of that equipment," the general said.
The Army has also retrograded more than 11,000 pieces of rolling stock -- that is tracked vehicles, wheeled vehicles and trailers. Additionally, more than 21,000 troops have redeployed from Operation Iraqi Freedom. In all, more than 1.25 billion dollars worth of materiel and equipment have left Iraq.
"We're about 35 percent through with that now," Webster said.
Nearly half of the equipment coming out of Iraq has been marked to go to Afghanistan for the buildup there, Webster said. Other equipment will go back to the United States to be reintegrated into the Army, sold to foreign militaries, or disposed of. But much equipment the Army will keep, including that for buildup in Afghanistan, needs to be modified before going into the new environment, or repaired, due to excessive wear from use in Iraq.
"The equipment we have has been ridden hard," the general said.
Equipment is now being reset and repaired in Kuwait, Webster said. If it can't be reset there, it may go back to the United States to be repaired in depots.
"We have a large team of experts from Army Materiel Command and the Defense Logistics Agency that looks at all of this equipment in Iraq where it currently sits," he said. "If the equipment is not fully mission-capable or it doesn't have enough life in it ... they will pass that equipment back to us."
Webster said if the Army determines the overall cost to repair equipment is more than the operational cost, it might be scrapped.
While equipment needs to be cleaned up and refurbished before going into Afghanistan, other equipment needs to be modified for the different operational environment found there, Webster said.
"Some of the equipment we'll get out of Iraq does not have the latest armor on it," he said. "We may also have to change engines, suspensions, transmissions as well as adding on the latest armor before we push it forward. We're trying to get it to our troops in the best condition possible before they realize they need it."
To move that equipment around in theater, the Army is depending heavily on the Northern Distribution Network set up by the U.S. Transportation Command. About 50 percent of supplies are being moved that way, Webster said.
"Those northern routes have given us a great deal of relief and additional capacity if any of the routes are blocked by weather or enemy action," he said.
The general said through efficiencies he expects the Army can beat its initial time estimates for moving necessary equipment into Afghanistan.
"The president told us he wanted to move in there (Afghanistan) as quickly as possible," he said. "Initial estimates were that is was going to take as much as 18 months. Through the efficiencies we found and the hard work of the entire DoD team and our allies too, with all these other networks, we now will be able to move the 5,000-plus vehicles that are needed for the buildup by the end of the summer."
http://www.defencetalk.com/more-than-third-of-equipment-now-out-of-iraq-25536/
W More Than Two-Thirds of American Youth Wouldn't Qualify for Service Americas 5 Jun 29, 2014
India's Rise Third Largest Economy Puts More pressure on China Economy & Infrastructure 20 May 5, 2014
W Dassault Name Comes Up In One More Kickback Scandal In India Indian Air Force 13 Dec 10, 2022
Need to improve discussion quality & add more countries in "Country Watch" Introductions & Announcements 3 Nov 13, 2022
More Than Two-Thirds of American Youth Wouldn't Qualify for Service
India's Rise Third Largest Economy Puts More pressure on China
Dassault Name Comes Up In One More Kickback Scandal In India
Need to improve discussion quality & add more countries in "Country Watch"
Turkish defense industry news updates

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The director-general of the French space agency CNES announced his resignation Thursday in order to pursue another post. Gerard Brachet will step down from the position, which overlaps with the post of president of CNES, in a bid to become the director of a new organization that will oversee the Galileo satellite navigation program. Brachet, who was appointed to the director-general position in 1997 by a previous government, had been expected to leave for some time, Space News reported, because of strained relations with CNES president Alain Bensoussan and because of a new government elected in May.


Say hello to Miranda & Leandro about to go Kayaking on a beautiful day here on Pensacola beach. They are the first to rent in the year 2015!! the bay is gorgeous today and if this weather holds out we will have an early start to the year.


Give your clothing a better home.
Have clothes you never use anymore? We can pick them up free of charge and make sure it goes to a good cause. We support local efforts to improve the community.
We either donate your unwanted clothes to select local charities or resell it and donate a portion of the earnings. Usually, more than 80% is donated to charity as-is and less than 20% is resold.
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With the kindness of local citizens, we strive to positively impact their communities as well as the planet as a whole. In the US, the average citizen gets rid of 82lbs of textiles (clothes, towels, etc) a year alone. While 95% of it can be reused or recycled, only about 15% actually is. The remaining 85% goes to our landfills. By facilitating the reuse and recycle of consumer goods, we're decreasing the amount reaching our landfills as well as the amount of natural resouces being used to produce new goods.
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Things obviously unusable by others or larger than 36" x 36" x 36"


text:
Charles H. Rakes, Sr. | ClarksvilleNow.com
No more Sunday hunting in Pennsylvania if state lawmakers pass new bill
Top 5 Creative Ways To Use Weapons In Minecraft
New divide between Boris Johnson and Rishi Sunak over Green Fund spending
Candidate for mayor of Washougal accused of domestic violence in 2015
Oregon court records show that Washougal mayoral candidate Derik Ford was charged with domestic violence in 2015 and later sentenced to two years of formal probation and participate in an anti-violence intervention program. domestic violence after violating a restraining order.
In May 2015, Ford's wife filed for a restraining order to prevent abuse, alleging that Ford had attempted to harm her physically and placed her "in fear of imminent bodily harm" after an argument that would have turned to physical. According to Oregon court records obtained by the Post-Record, Ford's wife told police her husband had caught her while trying to climb stairs following an argument, the knocking back and hitting the floor and wall.
In her request for a restraining order, she said Ford continued to harass her in the weeks following the incident, allegedly making "verbally abusive phone calls", hacking into her social media accounts, becoming "progressively more erratic" , repeatedly calling his mobile and professional phones. and by making "various threats to ruin (her), make her (her) suffer … make (her) life miserable".
Ford's wife told the court she believed her husband was angry that he lost his property and money after he filed for a divorce.
"He is a former law enforcement officer and (a) an extremely aggressive personality," she wrote in her request for a restraining order, adding that Ford also had access to guns.
The Washington County Circuit Court in Oregon granted Ford's wife a restraining order in late May 2015.
Less than three months later, according to court records, Ford was back in court, accused of violating the terms of the restraining order after "sending numerous texts to (a) friend in an attempt to come to terms with Mrs. Ford ".
According to Oregon State Bar, a person arrested for violating a restraining order can be charged with "contempt of court", punishable by up to six months in prison and / or a fine, but can also be reduced to a warning , a conditional sentence or probation.
According to a sentencing memorandum dated August 10, 2015, Ford pleaded "no challenge" to one count of contempt of court. Prior to his conviction, acknowledging that a sentence would likely require him to give up his firearms and ammunition, Ford asked the court to provide a special allowance, allowing him to retain the use of his bow and arrows. and to pursue two out-of-state hunts. trips while on probation.
"(Ford) is an avid bow hunter and has two non-refundable bow hunting trips scheduled in the coming months," Ford attorney Michael De Muniz wrote in the memorandum of determination. of the sentence of August 10, 2015. "(He) has already paid $ 23,650 for a trip to Alaska (to hunt brown bears) and $ 3,080 for a trip to New Mexico (to hunt elk)."
The judge sentenced Ford to two years of formal probation and ordered him to seek assessment, treatment and counseling for "domestic violence / abuser specific".
The judge also set conditions of domestic violence on Ford's probation, including:
have no direct or indirect contact with his then wife;
successfully complete an approved domestic violence intervention program as directed by a probation officer;
notify his probation officer within 24 hours of "any new arrests, criminal or harassment citation and requests for restraining orders or harassment protection orders filed against (him);
attend a Washington County Survivor Impact Panel as directed by their probation officer;
consent to his probation officer "communicating with others about the accused's history of domestic violence; "
Undergo a polygraph test as directed by your probation officer; and
agreeing to "not threaten, intimidate, threaten or have offensive physical contact with anyone, including, but not limited to intimate partners".
The judge also ordered Ford not to own any firearms or ammunition or to apply for a license or permit allowing possession of a firearm while on probation. However, he was allowed to keep his bow and arrows and attend his out-of-state hunting trips.
Contacted on Thursday, July 22 regarding the domestic violence charges and sentencing for violating a restraining order to prevent abuse, Ford claimed "there was absolutely no domestic violence" and said that the violation of the prohibition order was "a mistake".
"I texted a friend, which was a third-party communication," Ford said. "It wasn't on his street or anything of that nature."
When asked what lessons he learned from participating in the judge-ordered domestic violence intervention program, Ford said he only had to attend "a few classes."
"They released me and felt I didn't need it," Ford told the Post-Record this week.
The court records dispute this account. On July 21, 2016, Ford's attorney filed a motion to end Ford's probation, claiming that Ford "has completed the domestic violence program (and) that the probation service has notified (Ford) that he would recommend that (his) probation be reduced to bench probation. "
An order filed just over two weeks later, on August 8, 2016, shows that the district attorney denied Ford's attorney's petition, noting: "If you are on trial for domestic violence or a sexual crime, you are prohibited from contacting the named victim even during police custody. "
Community members in the Camas-Washougal area have questioned Ford's track record since he decided to run for mayor in the campaign earlier this year. As reported in other Post-Record articles, in addition to the domestic violence charges and the violation of the 2015 No-Contact Order, the Washougal pub owner has been questioned for a lawsuit he sued the town of Sweet Home, Oregon, and its police chief after being fired. for his work as a police officer on probation, as well as for several cases of sexual abuse by massage therapists who worked for Ford's Massage Envy franchises.
When asked why he would expose himself to scrutiny by running for such a public post, Ford said he didn't think his campaign would be affected by his past lawsuits, dismissals or accusations of violence. domesticated. He also said he had no plans to drop out of the Washougal mayoral race.
"Everyone has a past, things in their life that they're not happy with," said Ford. "I think I can do some good here."
Editor's Note: The Post-Record does not publish the names of victims of domestic violence or sexual assault.
The way to hunt all yr spherical
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NEW Primos bow, rifle and shotgun instances for 2021
Vista Outside: Bee Stinger Wins Gold Award at Bowhunting World 2021
No NJ Bear Hunting in 2021 as Required Management Policy Expires – NBC10 Philadelphia
Archers from across the country travel to Evansville for tournament
Defense against Grizzly with bow and .40 caliber pistol
Kevin Scott Kunschik | Taylor Press


Description: The year is 79 A.D. Pompeii, sitting at the foot of Vesuvius, is at the high point in its development. People come to the city from far and wide to try to make their luck in the city. So far nobody has dreamed of the danger that will bury all of their dreams under mountains of ash just ten years later. Who will survive the eruption of Vesuvius unscathed?
The simple rules make it easy to get started with The Downfall of Pompeii, a game in which a lot of tactical know-how is required – along with a little luck – in order to bring your pieces out of the city at the right time.
The game falls into two halves: before and after the eruption of Vesuvius. Before the eruption, players play cards to place their pieces in buildings. After the first eruption, they can also place as many relatives as the number of pieces already in the building they placed their piece in. When Omen cards are drawn, the player can take any opponent's piece and throw it into the erupting volcano. In this manner, players try to get as many pieces onto the board as close to the exits from the city as possible.
After the second eruption, the game changes. Now each player places a lava tile, which kills any pieces on that square and may block exits from the city. Then they move two pieces toward the exits, moving them a number of squares equal to the pieces on the square from which they started. The player who gets the most pieces out of the city wins.
The 2013 second edition of The Downfall of Pompeii includes three dual vent tiles and a new "Dual Vent" variant.


text:
Courtesy Bombay Times Fashion
Rediff.com » News » Courtesy Bombay Times Fashion
News for Courtesy Bombay Times Fashion
An Editor Like None Other
Darryl D'Monte mentored more journalists than any other editor of his generation.Some of the biggest bylines owe their beginnings in our glorious profession to this wonderful human being.Nikhil......
Nila Vikhe Patil, Swedish politics' Indian star
Her great grandfather began sugar co-operatives in Maharashtra.Her grandfather was an eight time MP.Her uncle is currently leader of the Opposition in the Maharashtra assembly.Her cousin joined the......
What ideas informed Gandhi's inner life?
'I assume Ramachandra Guha's neglect of this aspect of Gandhi grows out of the belief that Gandhi's life had no central text,' says Rudrangshu Mukherjee, professor of history, Ashoka......
Indian on the outside, Swedish on the inside
Born and abandoned in Mumbai, reborn in Sweden, Erika Sandberg says she is Indian on the outside, but feels Swedish on the inside.Rediff.com's Vaihayasi Pande Daniel narrates her tale.Illustration:......
50 Years On: Who was the real Veer Savarkar?
'One hopes the younger generation sees Savarkar him for what he was and does not view him through a distorted prism.''This is the least one could do for someone who devoted his whole life to the......
Did JRD think Patel would have been a better PM than Nehru?
'Nehru once told JRD, "I hate the mention of the very word profit".''"Jawaharlal, I am talking about the need of the public sector making a profit!" JRD replied.''Nehru reiterated, "Never talk to......
4 mn garments. 300 stores. Rs 6.8 bn. The Anita Dongre story
'Fashion changes fast and if you are not keeping up you're getting left behind,' design diva Anita Dongre tells Pavan Lall. IMAGE: At the lounge in her office Photograph: Rajesh Karkera/Rediff.com......
'I love the way I look. I look hot'
'I never thought an invisible character like Radhiya would get me that much visibility.' Photograph: Kind courtesy Prashansa Sharma/Instagram Prashansa Sharma is surprised with her new popularity,......
WEAR THIS, and you won't go wrong on Diwali
Diwali fashion is taking a new meaning this year. Film folk have urged their followers on social media to wear outfits made by Indian artisans through Prime Minister Narendra Damodardas Modi's......
'Bollywood can definitely be a better place'
'Discussions of favouritism and the #MeToo movement really unearthed a lot.' 'I really hope that these movements force people to look inwards and be nicer to each other.' 'But it's definitely not......
He enriched the world with his magical voice
His songs were the anchor, the substratum, if you will, upon which life unfolded day after day, decade after decade -- across villages, towns, cities, and regions.Siva Sankar pays a tribute to S P......
Just who is Rhea Chakraborty?
Rhea Chakraborty is in the news for, sadly, all the wrong reasons. The 28-year-old actress is embroiled in a nasty controversy related to her boyfriend Sushant Singh Rajput's death by suicide.......
Celebrating 500th Test: India's most memorable wins at home
As India gets set to play its 500th Test, Rajneesh Gupta presents India's memorable Test victories at home. IMAGE: V V S Laxman, left, congratulated by Adam Gilchrist after scoring a double......
Ranji: Chahar claims 8, Hyderabad 21 all out
Hyderabad registeredthe lowest total in the history of the Ranji Trophy when they were dismissed forjust 21 runs by Rajasthan, as the new season began on a sensational note, in Jaipur, on Monday.......
Web results for Courtesy Bombay Times Fashion
Ooh la la! Sunny Leone scorches the ramp
IMAGE: Dressed in a shimmering zipped-up jacket, Sunny Leone channeled her inner diva as she strode the ramp for Designer Maheka Mirpuri at the... ...
http://www.rediff.com/getahead/report/sunny-leone-scorches-the-ramp/20201230.htm
'I never thought an invisible character like Radhiya would get me that much visibility.' Photograph: Kind courtesy Prashansa Sharma/Instagram... ...
http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/i-love-the-way-i-look-i-look-hot/20201120.htm
Diwali fashion is taking a new meaning this year. Film folk have urged their followers on social media to wear outfits made by Indian artisans... ...
http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/wear-this-and-you-wont-go-wrong-on-diwali/20201110.htm
'Discussions of favouritism and the #MeToo movement really unearthed a lot.' 'I really hope that these movements force people to look inwards and... ...
http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/bollywood-can-definitely-be-a-better-place/20201019.htm


Self published on the 23rd August 2018.
The year is 2084, and that famous Margaret Thatcher quote has become a reality: There really is no such thing as society. No one speaks to anyone else. No one looks at anyone else. People don't collaborate, they only compete.
I hate to admit it, but this has had tragic consequences. Unable to satisfy their social urges, the population has fallen into a pit of depression and anxiety. Suicide has become the norm.
October is the month for reading scary novels so I am happy to be starting it by blogging my review of Joss Sheldon's new novel, Individutopia. Set in 2084, a nod to George Orwell's 1984 of course, Sheldon takes Margaret Thatcher's famous statement 'there is no such thing as society' and runs that idea to a horrifically dark conclusion. We see future London through the Plense-covered eyes of our medicated heroine, Renee, and discover just how much of her wonderful life isn't perhaps as wonderful as she had believed.
I did find Individutopia to be more heavy-handed in style than I remember from Sheldon's previous novels and I felt some of his points and ideas were hammered home far more frequently than was needed. However this is still an intriguing and interesting novel. I liked Renee and could empathise with her desire to be the best person she could be. Her struggle to then integrate into a completely alien worldview is nicely portrayed. I don't have a particularly good knowledge of Central London so the details of Renee's running between job opportunities was lost on me, but the idea of pointless employment felt very real! Even though I prefer minimal living spaces myself, I couldn't imagine trying to survive in Renee's pod - where would I pile all my books?!


text:
Manager Brady Stone confirms he is planning to stay in charge of Thurlow Nunn League Premier Division side Ely City
There were times last season when Brady Stone questioned whether he was going to continue as manager of Ely City, but the club's impressive end to the campaign has helped to convince him to remain in place.
Ely's rise since Stone and his assistant Martin Grey were appointed in 2014 has been well documented, but the duo's resolve was tested during a 2018/19 term that saw the squad they had taken time to build decimated by injuries.
Nevertheless, a late rally saw Ely not only preserve their Thurlow Nunn League Premier Division status, but also beat champions Histon to defend the Cambridgeshire Invitation Cup.
Ely City's Cambridgeshire Invitation Cup final with Histon on April 10 at Cambridge United FC Ely Celebrate cup win Martin Grey, Jamie Alsop and Brady Stone Picture by Mark Westley. (10017576)
Stone will now take a break from football for the rest of May, but he now has every intention of leading the club again in 2019/20.
"Martin and I had a chat around Christmas time because it had gotten really tough," he said.
"We had built a really good squad and it was tough to see that get ripped from beneath us. We had to ask ourselves if we wanted to put the work in to build it all up again because it is not easy.
"It was hard and doubts crept in – I certainly doubted myself and some of the decisions that I made.
"But we have also learned a lot and hopefully the end of the season shows how much we want to stay.
"The players have also been great. Even when the results were going against us they never stopped giving everything they had."
Attention now turns to plans for the summer, with Stone confident that the majority of his squad will join in him in remaining at the Ellgia Stadium.
And providing that is the case, the boss is not anticipating a large number of new arrivals.
"Pre-season will be tough and we will be working the lads hard because fitness is a key part of our game," he added.
"I would like to think at least 90 per cent of the lads will stay and that means we will not need to bring players in for the sake of it. It will probably be a case of getting three or four in."
In terms of friendlies, Ely will return to action away at Yaxley on July 9. That is followed by a trip to lower-league West Wratting on July 13 and then a home derby against Bostik League North Division side Soham Town Rangers on July 16.
After that there are back-to-back away matches at Great Shelford (July 20) and St Ives Town (July 23), with the visit of Chatteris Town rounding off their pre-season programme on July 27.