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Antibiotic Resistance – Impact on the Irish Pig Industry
Disease and welfare Industry and legislation Product quality and safety Food safety
13 June 2012, at 12:00am
The science behind antimicrobial resistance was outlined by David G. S. Burch of Octagon Services Ltd of the UK at the Irish Pig Health Society Symposium in Mullingar in May 2012. He comments that good 'evidence-based' science may be utilised by the regulators to come to reasonable and responsible conclusions for future legislation.
The Irish Pig Health Society Conference Committee asked the author to cover a number of topics regarding antibiotic resistance because of the growing concern surrounding this issue.
What is antibiotic resistance?
What impact does it have on me as a pig producer?
What target pathogens are involved on the farm rather than food borne?
What does the future look like?
The latter raises many concerns, what if we won't be allowed to use antibiotics; if we will be allowed to use them, what will be different and finally what happens if or when the 'new product' pipeline runs dry?
Mr Burch runs through the science behind antimicrobial resistance but much of the future aspects of antimicrobial use are potentially more political than scientific and are therefore more difficult to predict. However, there are opportunities to ensure that good 'evidence-based' science may be utilised by the regulators to come to reasonable and responsible conclusions.
What is Antibiotic/Antimicrobial Resistance?
Firstly, to clarify the difference between antibiotic and antimicrobial, the former is a naturally produced substance, often by a fungus or bacterium, to protect themselves from neighbouring bacteria and fungi to stop them being overgrown – a part of natural selection. Antimicrobial drugs refer to synthetic chemical compounds, which have antibacterial activity, like the sulphonamides, trimethoprim and fluoroquinolones such as enrofloxacin. Antibiotics are produced commercially by fermentation, then purified and may be adapted by synthetic chemical means by adding side chains etc, to produce more active compounds, e.g. penicillin, is converted to amoxycillin, with a broader spectrum of activity or to methicillin, which is more resistant to penicillinases or beta-lactamase enzymes, which break down the basic penicillin ring.
Antibiotic production is, therefore, a natural protective mechanism by organisms and antibiotic resistance is also a natural phenomenon for a bacterium to protect itself against an antibiotic, so it can survive and grow. The use of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine has been utilised and developed to control bacteria and other pathogens over the last 60 years and has saved many lives and treated many infections. However, it is also natural for bacteria to want to survive and they have developed a variety of antibiotic resistance mechanisms to do so.
'Simply, antibiotic use either kills the organism or it selects a resistance mechanism to survive or it is resistant to the antibiotic already and can multiply and grow.'
Each antimicrobial family and its sub-groups has its own mode of action and thereby each bacterial or mycoplasmal species develops its own way of countering the antimicrobial, as a defence or resistance mechanism, so that it can survive and continue to live in the environment it inhabits e.g. the gut, the respiratory tract etc. The main antimicrobial families, their mode of action and common resistance mechanisms are summarised in Table 1.
The bacterium is constructed of an outer cell wall of variable thickness with an inner cell membrane. It has chromosomal DNA in a tightly coiled chain, which controls growth and multiplication. The DNA sends messages to the ribosome (rRNA 50S subunit and 30S subunit) via messenger RNA (mRNA) to produce polypeptides or proteins for growth. Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries the amino acids to the ribosome to form the new proteins. When the bacterium is ready to divide the DNA uncoils and divides and a new bacterial cell is formed. Some bacteria multiply rapidly, like E. coli and some grow slowly like Brachyspira spp. The rapid, prolific growers have more of a chance to develop new DNA mutants and these mutations may increase resistance to antibiotics. All the bacterial structures can be targets for antimicrobial attack. The penicillins or beta-lactam antibiotics target the cell wall, the polymixins the cell membrane, the fluoroquinolones the DNA and the tetracyclines, macrolides, pleuromutilins, aminoglycosides the rRNA.
Bacteria are routinely classified as Gram positive (blue staining with Gram stain - due to a thick cell wall) these include Staphylococcus spp, Streptococcus spp, Enterococcus spp and Clostridium spp. Gram-negative (pink staining – thin cell wall) bacteria are primarily found in the gut, such as E. coli, Salmonella spp, or in the respiratory tract Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida and Haemophilus parasuis. They are further divided into aerobic (need oxygen to survive) or anaerobic where they do not use oxygen and have different metabolic pathways. Enterococcus spp and Clostridium spp are examples of Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria and are found in the large intestine or colon and Brachyspira spp are examples of Gram–negative anaerobic bacteria, also found in the colon. Some bacteria can live in both environments, like E. coli. The commonly monitored bacteria for public health and regulatory resistance monitoring are the commensal bacteria, such as E. coli and Enterococcus spp, and Salmonella spp (mainly S. Typhimurium in pigs) and Campylobacter spp (mainly C. coli in pigs) for potential zoonotic infections, those infections in animals that cause disease in Man.
Resistance Mechanisms
When we look at antimicrobial resistance, there are some other key factors to consider. Some bacteria are intrinsically resistant to certain antibiotics, usually due to their mode of action. For example penicillins, which act on the cell wall of a bacterium, are not effective against Mycoplasma spp, as they do not have a cell wall, only a cell membrane. Macrolides, like tylosin, cannot penetrate the cell membranes of certain Gram -ve bacteria like E. coli; aminoglycosides work poorly against anaerobic bacteria, as they use an oxygen-dependent mechanism to penetrate the bacteria. Susceptible bacteria can acquire resistance by a variety of mechanisms:
Prevent an antimicrobial substance reaching a target by reducing its penetration into the bacterial cell often via porin changes in the cell wall, as they are often large molecules
General or specific efflux pump mechanism to expel antimicrobial agents from the bacterial cell
Antimicrobial agent inactivated by modification or degradation either before or after penetrating the cell
Antimicrobial target may be modified so that it cannot act on it, or the microorganism's activation or acquisition of an alternative pathway rendering the target dispensable (see Figure 1.)
Figure 1. Common mechanisms of resistance development
[Picture courtesy of A. Pridmore]
Acquired resistance can be achieved by a number of mechanisms, which are usually the result of selection pressure from the use of antibiotics. Mutations in the chromosomal DNA, which then alter the DNA coiling etc, are important for the fluoroquinolones. DNA changes which affects the binding sites of the ribosome are important for the macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramins and pleuromutilins and co-resistance can occur between these families, as their sites of action often are close or overlap. The acquisition of resistance genes from outside the bacterial cell is also highly important. Some bacteria pick up extraneous DNA genes from other broken down cells by transformation and insert them into the chromosome. Others receive DNA into the chromosome via transduction from viral bacteriophages but the most common route is via plasmid transfer at conjugation of two cells.
The plasmid can be independent of the chromosome in the cell and made up of a variety of DNA genes or open-reading frames (ORFs), which may be significant or not. Plasmids can carry multiple-resistance genes, which are often carried in transposons or integrons, which are sections of genetic material that can insert themselves via enzymes transposases and integrases, respectively, usually into plasmids but also into the chromosome of a bacterium.
Plasmids are a very common route of resistance transmission between enteric bacteria, like E. coli; hence they are good indicators for monitoring resistance.
What Impact Does Resistance Have on Pig Producer?
Most pig producers and their veterinarians will have come across a resistance problem at one time or another. They are using an antibiotic to control an infection and then it appears to be not working. Depending on the disease, say E. coli, this can result in death, diarrhoea, poor growth and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) in the survivors. This, therefore, can have major economic impact on the pig farm's production efficiency and profitability. Respiratory problems can also be a major issue especially with infections, such as Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, or mixed infections involving viruses (porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PPRSV)) mycoplasma and bacteria. Depending on when and where the infection takes place and the resulting mortality and reduced production occurs, the impact on economic performance will vary. Larger pigs are more valuable.
Figure 2. Common enteric disease patterns (from Burch et al, 2008)
Figure 3. Common respiratory disease patterns (from Burch et al, 2008)
However, it is essential to monitor the susceptibility of the bacteria that are isolated on farms. Is it just a resistance problem, e.g. with E. coli or is it a management failure, such as inadequate weaning room temperature or variation? These other aspects also need to be investigated and a close cooperation with your veterinarian, nutritionist and environmental specialist are essential to solve some issues. In the UK, with the increase of weaning age to four weeks, plus the widespread use of straw yards (piglet temperature control) and the addition of zinc oxide in feed, post-weaning diarrhoea and checks are much fewer and less severe than they were in the past. As a result, E. coli resistance in the weaner is also less of an issue.
Major Target Pathogens
Enteric Pathogens
The major porcine enteric pathogens are in Table 2.
Regarding resistance development, E. coli are the main concern as they live in the intestine, grow rapidly and can transmit plasmids readily. The most common route of administration of antimicrobials is the oral route (in feed and water mainly) so they come into direct contact with E. coli and will exert resistance development pressure, even though they may be used for respiratory disease control, e.g. the tetracyclines.
Many injectable antibiotics are also excreted partially or completely via the bile, which again goes into the gut and microbiologically active residues come into direct contact with the enteric flora. Salmonella spp may also be exposed to antibiotic use on a regular basis and there are public health concerns here, in addition.
Susceptibility testing
The best way of determining the susceptibility of a bacterium to an antimicrobial is the use of the minimum inhibitory concentration test. The organism is grown in doubling dilutions of the antibiotic in broth and the concentration where the bacterium stops growing is the MIC. The MIC 50 is where 50 per cent of the isolates are inhibited and the MIC 90 is where 90 per cent of isolates are inhibited.
Figure 4. MIC test – broth dilution method
Amoxycillin and amoxycillin + clavulanic acid (beta-lactamase inhibitor) demonstrates the way beta-lactamase enzymes exert their effect and they can be blocked or inactivated by inhibitors such as clavulanic acid. There are high levels of resistance to tetracycline as it is the most widely used antibiotic in pigs.
Figure 5. Susceptibility patterns demonstrated by E. coli against amoxycillin and amoxycillin + clavulanic acid
(Felmingham, 2009)
Figure 6. Susceptibility pattern demonstrated by E. coli against enrofloxacin
With regard to enrofloxacin resistance against E. coli, there is an initial 'wild-type' pattern, a first stage mutant pattern, which is still susceptible if situated in the gut and a second stage, complete resistance peak at 16µg/ml.
Brachyspira spp. seem to develop resistance less rapidly than E. coli, fortunately. Most isolates are resistant to tylosin but many are still susceptible to the pleuromutilins, tiamulin and valnemulin.
From Table 5, the majority of antibiotics would be considered highly susceptible, except for tylosin, and would be suitable for use in eradication programmes.
A typical susceptibility pattern of 76 B. hyodysenteriae isolates was described by Karlsson et al. (2002), see Figure 7.
However, in recent years there has been an increase of the incidence of resistance to antibiotics by B. hyodysenteriae, following the withdrawal of a number of compounds from pig medicine, such as the growth promoters carbadox, olaquindox, salinomycin and medicines, dimetridazole and ronidazole. There have been cases where multi-resistant isolates of B. hyodysenteriae have been found, which has resulted in the slaughtering out of the herd. On one side it has resulted in a major economic impact on the herd, but it has also permitted the farmer to restock with high health animals, which will not require antibiotics in the future.
Antimicrobial susceptibility of B. pilosicoli is usually better than B. hyodysenteriae.
Lawsonia intracellularis, the cause of ileitis, is a difficult organism to grow, as it requires cell cultures to grow the bacterium. The most comprehensive intracellular MIC work was reported by Wattanaphansak et al (2009) where he tested 10 isolates of L. intracellularis from EU and US sources.
The iMIC appears to be the most useful for comparison with therapeutic concentrations of antimicrobials and as such demonstrates there might be some resistance associated with lincomycin and chlortetracycline but not with the other compounds.
Respiratory Pathogens
One of the major respiratory pathogens with potential to develop antimicrobial resistance is A. pleuropneumoniae but generally resistance is much lower than for enteric bacteria such as E. coli.
Slightly better results are achieved against Pasteurella multocida, except for tetracyclines.
Streptococcus suis the cause of streptococcal meningitis still remains remarkably susceptible to the penicillins but shows poor susceptibility to tetracyclines and tilmicosin.
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is also a slow growing organism and generally antibiotic resistance is low.
Some antibiotic resistance was demonstrated against lincomycin, tylosin and tilmicosin (one isolate and enrofloxacin (five isolates). Acquired resistance to these antimicrobials had not been described in M. hyopneumoniae field isolates previously.
So apart from some organisms such as E. coli, B. hyodysenteriae and some A. pleuropneumoniae, where resistance has been determined, the antimicrobial resistance situation is not that bad and can be covered providing that we can maintain the availability of the current antimicrobials that are approved for use in pigs.
Care should be taken to not overuse antimicrobials but if used responsibly and sensibly, there is no major reason for dismay. Remember most of the antimicrobials used in pigs are over 30 years old and, in the main, are still working. Even the more modern antibiotics such as 3rd generation cephalosporins, if used carefully and not for widespread prophylaxis, will maintain their efficacy and not select for MRSA or ESBLs, as we have seen in both Ireland and the UK.
Firstly, it is not all doom and gloom in Europe, as some lobbying groups would make out. There are some issues in some countries with some organisms and some antimicrobials and these are being addressed.
Denmark and France have voluntarily withdrawn the use of 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins. The Netherlands is wishing to reduce its antimicrobial use in swine by 50 per cent by 2013. They have stopped the use of feed premixes. This is fine but neither 3rd generation cephalosporins nor fluoroquinolones (enrofloxacin) are used in feed and these are the two families of antibiotics that they are particularly concerned about. The removal of feed premixes, which tend to be the older antibiotics may put more pressure on the use of the modern ones e.g. cephalosporins. Germany and Denmark have almost stopped the use of feed premixes but they have flourishing markets in oral powders (products for 'top dressing' feed). This to me is nonsense, writes Mr Burch, as the production of medicated feed is on farm and unregulated and the homogenous mix of medication cannot be guaranteed or controlled as it is when produced by feed compounders. Feed compounders may quite like to not have to make medicated feeds, as it reduces the efficiency of their production and adds costs. Normally, they will recoup these costs though. Fortunately, the European Commission (EC) is reportedly in favour of 'controlled' medicated-feed production.
Other aspects might involve the cessation of the use of antimicrobials for 'prevention/prophylaxis', which the European Parliament (EP) has passed. Mr Burch does not think they have defined what they mean by prophylaxis. He suspects it is considered that low level antimicrobial inclusion to prevent disease is similar to growth promotion. The use of high levels of antimicrobial to eliminate infections such as swine dysentery in pigs coming into a finishing unit or the 'early treatment'/ metaphylaxis of pigs carrying Streptococcus suis, Mr Burch does not think should be included but one cannot be sure. Some countries, like Germany, tried to ban prophylactic use of antimicrobials and developed a major problem with B. hyodysenteriae resistance. Fortunately, the European Medicines Agency (EMA/CVMP) and EC have recently approved both low level prevention and high level prevention claims for a feed premix (Tiamutin/Denagard – Novartis) in a referral procedure (European Commission decision C(2010)5372) on 27 July 2010). This suggests that there is some sound, scientific and practical sanity in key EU bodies.
Dispensing of antimicrobials by veterinary surgeons is another issue. Should vets make money out of supplying antimicrobial products? Does this influence their judgement? Again, Denmark are leading the way with this and trying to break the association of veterinary profit from the equation. However, vets have to visit farms on a monthly basis and the costs are borne by the farmer. Their use of antibiotics is also monitored and if it is deemed too high, it is investigated. Interestingly, feed premixes are primarily sourced by feed compounders and supplement manufacturers direct from companies and usually feed premixes account for over 60 per cent of antimicrobial use (VMD, 2011), so there is relatively minor profit in them for veterinarians. In Ireland, Mr Burch understands there are competitive licence remedy outlets already.
Will we be Allowed to Use Antibiotics in Future?
The answer definitely has to be YES. Even politicians would not allow animals to die on farm for the lack of antimicrobial treatment. On the grounds of animal welfare, it would not be acceptable.
What will be different?
What do you want to be different? If nothing, then you need to lobby hard, both pig farmers and their veterinarians, to maintain the status quo. The European Commission is reviewing antimicrobial use and resistance in both animals and man (EC, 2011) over the next five years. You need to lobby and work with the European bodies such as Copa-Cogeca for the farmers, via the Irish Medicines Board into the EMA, the Irish vets via Federation of Veterinarians in Europe (FVE), the Irish Animal Health industry (APHA) via IFAH Europe, which is run by an Irishman, Declan O'Brien, and consider setting up an Irish Responsible Use of Medicines Alliance (RUMA). In the UK, RUMA, which is across industry from farmers, vets, feed industry, VMD, NOAH, FSA, supermarkets, processors and medical doctors. This is now taken up by EPRUMA (the European version), which is similar to UK but has good contacts to the EC, which is critical. They promote the responsible use of medicines in general but specifically antibiotics.
What if the pipeline dries up?
Mr Burch expressed his view that the likelihood of the development of new families of antimicrobials for pig use, which are primarily derived from human pharmaceutical research, is remote. A new macrolide injectable antibiotic, tildipirosin (Zuprevo – MSD) was introduced in the US recently (Kniffen and Wray, 2012), primarily for bacterial respiratory infections. Otherwise, there appears to be little new on the horizon.
However, there are opportunities to improve the range and availability of products on the market in Ireland by utilising products that are currently approved in the rest of the EU. Many products can be imported under the 'cascade' and can be used in accordance with their EU/national approval. This may develop further so that there is only 'one product, one assessment and one registration' for a number of generic products similar to the centralised procedure registrations and referrals across the EU. Proposals are in hand to do this and early trials are being undertaken. Mr Burch said there is a good opportunity for this to happen via the EMA (CMDv) and should be encouraged via your IMB representatives.
Antimicrobial resistance is not a new issue and generally can be controlled by responsible use. It is not as bad as is often painted by the organic and vegetarian lobbyists who use scare tactics to raise funds. Each country may have its own issues, which need to be addressed and resolved. If at a farm level, it cannot be resolved, i.e. in the case of multi-resistant B. hyodysenteriae, this may lead to slaughtering out the herd but there are opportunities to restock with high health stock, which require minimal use of antibiotics.
One cannot separate the science from politics at this stage but it is hoped that the EC will take practical steps to assess the situation and act accordingly and not be pushed by individual Member States or political lobbying groups into taking inappropriate action.
It is up to the Irish swine industry to come together and lobby their national and thereby EU counterparts to assist the EC to come to the right decisions. In the meantime, the use of antimicrobials on farm should be proportionate to their need and only used in a responsible way.
Burch, D.G.S., Duran, C.O. and Aarestrup, F.M. (2008) Chapter 7. Guidelines for antimicrobial use in swine. In "Guide to Antimicrobial Use in Animals. Eds: Guardabassi, L., Jensen, L.B. and Kruse, H. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK, pp102-125.
Burch, D.G.S. (2011) Antimicrobial resistance – veterinary and public health concerns. Suis, 81:12-16.
European Commission (DG Sanco) (2011) Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and Council "Action plan against the rising threats from Antimicrobial Resistance", COM (2011) 748.
Felmingham, D. (May 2009) Report 'Determination of the antimicrobial susceptibility of the VetPath II (2004-2006) collection of bacterial pathogens'.
Giguere, S., Prescott, J.F., Baggot, J.D., Walker, R.D. and Dowling, P.M. (2006) Antimicrobial Therapy in Veterinary Medicine (Fourth Edition). Blackwell Professional Publishing, Ames, Iowa, USA.
Karlsson, M., Oxberry, S.L. and Hampson, J. (2002) Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Australian isolates of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae using a new broth dilution method. Veterinary Microbiology, 84:123-133.
Kniffen, T.S. and Wray, M.I. (2012) Scientific and practical considerations regarding the use of a novel, injectable anti-infective in swine: Zuprevo(R) from Merck Animal Health. Proceedings of the American Association of Swine Veterinarians Meeting, Denver, Colorado, USA, p131-134.
Veterinary Medicines Directorate (VMD) (2011) Sales of antimicrobial products authorised for use as veterinary medicines in the UK in 2010.
Vicca, J., Stakenborg, T., Maes, D., Butaye, P., Peeters, J., de Kruif, A. and Haesebrouck, F. (2004) In-vitro susceptibilities of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae field isolates. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 48(11):4470-4472.
Wattanaphansak, S., Singer, R.S. and Gebhart, C.J. (2009) In vitro antimicrobial activity against 10 North American and European Lawsonia intracellularis isolates. Veterinary Microbiology, 134:305-310.
Williamson, S. Rogers, J., Hunt, B. and Teale, C. (2010) Preliminary results for Brachyspira MIC assessment of isolates from England. Presentation at Pig Veterinary Society Meeting, Norwich, Norfolk, UK.
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Equity feminism è...

Storia
Il termine è stato coniato da Christina Hoff Sommers nel suo libro Who Stole Feminism? edito da Simon & Schuster, nel 1994, che si oppone al termine gender feminism che lei usa per descrivere l'idea della teorie femministe accademiche e dei movimenti femministi che mirano all'abolizione totale dei ruoli di genere e della struttura della società che loro considerano ancora dominata da strutture patriarcali. Hoff Sommers considera gender feminism come ginocentrismo e misandria che lei crede essere pervasivi nei movimenti femministi contemporanei.

Christina Hoff Summers sostiene "Molte donne americane aderiscono filosoficamente al femminismo della "prima ondata" il cui principale obiettivo è l'equità specialmente nella politica e nell'educazione". Anche se lei capisce che la sua visione non è la corrente principale di pensiero nelle accademie o nei movimenti femministi, la considera la corrente principale di pensiero nella popolazione delle donne degli USA.

Le femministe che si identificano con lequity feminism sono Jean Bethke Elshtain, Elizabeth Fox-Genovese, Noretta Koertge, Donna Laframboise, Mary Lefkowitz, Wendy McElroy, Camille Paglia, Daphne Patai, Virgina Postrel, Alice Rossi, Sally Satel, Nadine Strossen, Joan Kennedy Taylor, e Cathy Young.

Note

Collegamenti esterni

Teorie femministe

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    WGL.gl.vertexAttribPointer(vPosition, 4, WGL.gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);
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        WGL.gl.drawArrays(this.render_type, i, this.vertex_step );
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


A Tonk's Tail... err, Tale...: Pet Insurance: Is it worth it?
Back in 2012, I read an op/ed piece in Wall Street's MarketWatch written by contributing author Jeanette Pavini that suggested pet insurance was a waste of money.
I wrote an article with an opposing opinion and was recently asked to update it. This is the 2017 version of the original Monday Medical post.
First, despite Ms. Pavini's 2012 claims that per insurance isn't worth your hard-earned cash, there are an increasing number of affordable plans that begin as low as $4.56/month in the U.S. That coverage was estimated based on a 3 year old male cat with no preexisting conditions.
I also discovered something encouraging: that plan increased just 48¢/month since 2012, but the 2017 value is much higher.
In 2012, it only covered accidents. Today's policy covers accidents, illnesses, cancer, hereditary conditions, emergency visits, surgeries and prescription drugs.
Of course, with a policy that reasonable, you can expect high deductibles and a 30% copay. For this policy the deductible is $1,000, which translates to more of a catastrophic policy than an annual-use one. Still, when disaster hits, it's better to have a $1,000 bill than a $5,000 one.
Pet insurance helps Maxie hold onto his lone, last fang.
That's less than half the price of a movie ticket these days. Have you seen what's playing on the big screen lately? Let's talk "waste of money," Ms. Pavini.
The 2012 Wall Street article also included a statement that inaccurately describes the coverage provided by most pet insurance companies. Here is the statement in question: "...with most plans, the premiums rise and coverage declines as your pet gets older—when they are more likely to need costly procedures."
This seems highly counter-intuitive. If that were truly the case, what person in their right mind would purchase it? In 2012, I accused Ms. Pavini of irresponsible journalism. Perhaps that was a bit harsh in today's politically-charged climate, so I'll just say that I wish she had done just ten minutes of research to back her claim before making that statement.
A bit of time spent searching several well-known U.S. insurance sites provided absolutely no evidence that coverage shrinks as a pet ages. So for this 2017 reboot, I revisited three of the top pet insurance companies in the U.S. to find if they had changed their positions since 2012.
Here's VPI's position: "Our coverage does not decline as a pet ages. As long as your pet is enrolled before age 10 and you keep your policy continually in force (translation: don't let it lapse or expire), we promise not to drop your pet."
Trupanion allows you to enroll your pet any time before your pet's 14th birthday. Here is Trupanion's response to my query about the Wall street article when I contacted them in 2012: "Trupanion coverage does not decline as the pet ages. Perhaps they meant to say that coverage options (pre-enrollment only) decline?"
Quite possibly that's what the author meant. Because it is true that the cost to insure a pet increases as the pet ages. And the older the pet, the more potential exclusions there will be if you opt into coverage at a late date. It's the same with human insurance, as well. But if that's what the Wall Street article intended to say...it failed. The article certainly didn't leave one with that impression.
"Regarding the example she provided, it is true that a few pet insurers exclude hereditary conditions and given a Bernese Mountain Dog is prone to hip dysplasia amongst other conditions, that might have been the surgery she mentioned that was not covered; however, there are a number of pet insurers that do cover hereditary conditions (Embrace and Petplan being two of them) and even some of those that have not covered them in the past are adding optional coverage for breed-specific issues now (such as VPI and ASPCA).
Finally, I personally believe Ms. Pavini's logic is flawed. She recommended that, instead of pet insurance, a person would be better off starting a pet emergency savings account. While technically there is truth in her statement, a 2016 GO Banking Rates report stated that 69% of Americans have less than $1,000 in their savings accounts.
Having pet insurance may mean the difference between several more years of companionship or making that painful decision to euthanize. And call me crazy, but I see pet insurance as another way to cut down on the number of deaths at animal shelters in the U.S. annually.
Yes, some people, upon discovering their "beloved pet" has an expensive disease, will simply abandon it. I have seen it firsthand.
One of my previous cats, Ryker, was insured. A few months after he passed away, I went through 13 years of medical bills and insurance invoices. In the end, we came out ahead. Not by much, but we did end up spending less on our vet bills with insurance than we would have without.
All three of the Tonk's Tale cats are insured, and they will remain so. The peace of mind, if nothing else, is worth it.
And no, I was not compensated in any way for this post. I simply happen to believe that pet insurance is worth it.
Postscript: Interestingly enough, there has been only one other article on pet insurance in Wall Street's MarketWatch since 2012.
It was another op/ed piece, published in April of this year. This time, the author's opinion was favorable.
I completely agree with you. My medical expenses for Angel Tara were astronomical. I'd do it again in a heartbeat and am very thankful that I could, but I know she most likely would have been abandoned or euthanized had she been with most other people. On the night I lost Truffles within 2 hours my cat was gone and my wallet was $1,000 lighter. I insured Mudpie within the first few months of adopting her. (Of course, just my luck, after her asthma was diagnosed.) The peace of mind is priceless.
We never considered pet insurance for Angel and Chuck when they were younger. However, your post makes me think that any new member to our family should be insured right away! Thanks!
Trupanion is wonderful! I had a different pet insurance with Praline and quickly changed it when they considered almost everything preexisting or wouldn't cover something.
I have considered insurance several times over the past couple of decades.. I first became aware of it when I worked at a veterinary clinic and saw a few people with dogs be able to pay for very expensive surgeries because they had insurance. I priced out the cost of the insurance vs the payout for known issues I had with my pets, and I found in every case (and every time I look it up I run into the same thing) I would be better off if I started a savings account, so that is what I did. Now Jack has tested that theory and beaten me over the head with it with his being hyper and then hypo thyroid and the number of times I have taken him in for urinary issues, but even when I price those out I have found that it wouldn't have helped all that much due to deductibles and partial payments.
I am not saying insurance isn't a life saver for some (dogs especially, who tend to have even more complicated and expensive issues) and if it gives you peace of mind it is invaluable.
I have checked into several insurance policies for the boys. I'm ashamed to say that I haven't got them covered yet.
We dogs are all insured and Mom says that policies have gotten better with each dog. Most of the time we break even or come close. As with all insurance, the basis is usually for catastrophes like cancer, getting hit by a car, etc. If your pet is never ill, you may never break even, but it is piece of mind. Think about the cost of car or home insurance that most hopefully never need. We are supporters of insurance for pets.
Thanks for the update! My human is still trying to decide whether to buy insurance for me, or to set aside money in a separate account for me. Binga and Boodie are both over 14, so they don't really have any options.
That was great information and a lot to think about!
I have Trupanion policies for my cats, and I'll never be without pet insurance again. Trupanion's coverage does not decline as a pet ages. Some pet insurance companies will cover less of the cost or refuse to cover certain conditions as the pet ages, but with Trupanion, the person who makes changes to your coverage is the pet owner themselves, and they can do that by raising or lowering their deductible. But Trupanion never changes your deductible for you for any reason.
Trupanion's not the cheapest, but I worked for Trupanion for two years and know the policy very well. If I didn't believe in the coverage, I certainly wouldn't have kept my cats on it.
I recently adopted a young cat. Approx 1-2 years old. I have been looking into purchasing Trupanion. How do I know the best deductible option to choose? I have not yet gotten price quotes. Thanks.
Gina, we three don't have Trupanion so we can't speak specifically to this, but in general, we think it depends on how much you are willing to spend on deductible and how much an annual wellness exam + dental cleaning your vet charges you. You could add up the premiums for a year plus your vet bill and see if it makes sense to lower your deductible. Make sense?
We added dental in there because we are kitties with teeth issues, and prefer to err on the side of prevention.
I've had Trupanion on the girls since the day they came to live with me. I've chosen no deductible because I wanted to get reimbursed as much as possible. My premiums are a little higher, but no deductible helped with large vet bills. I like that you can choose your deductible, the percentage insurance will pay, and the type of insurance you will have. I've researched several companies and I always come back to Trupanion. JaneA should be able to give you more information.
Hi, Gina. The lower the deductible, the higher the premium is going to be. i generally recommend going with a lower deductible when cats are young, because they tend to get into more mischief, and then raising the deductible when the cat is older and more likely to have a chronic condition rather than getting into trouble with young-cat things.
Also, keep in mind that Trupanion's deductibles are not annual, they are per incident or condition. To give an example of what that means: My cat, Thomas, has kidney disease. I've met his deductible for that condition, so I never have to pay it again (as long as I don't raise my deductible, that is). But if he fell out of the cat tree and broke his leg, I'd pay another deductible for that.
Dental coverage is tricky with any pet insurance. With Trupanion, dental cleanings are not covered as they are considered routine prophylactic care. However, if your cat needs extractions, Trupanion may cover those as long as there's no evidence of dental disease that existed prior to the policy.
Thank you all for the informative replies. My plan is to get quotes after his wellness exam next week. He has already been treated for a few things while still under the rescue in my foster care. A URI, ear infection and a canine tooth pulled. Hoping nothing will be considered a pre-existing condition. @Maxwell Faraday Richman, I agree with weighing anticipated costs vs. premiums and deductibles. @Sweet Purrfections and @JaneA Kelley,I have had several people recommend Trupanion and been happy with claims being paid. It's been years since I've had a young cat. The last few years it's been dealing with a senior with kidney and thyroid issues until her passing in January. I have never purchased an insurance plan for my cats.
I have thought about insurance, but can't afford it for all so I feel bad just getting it for some. I will charge my life away though for whatever care my cats need.
We unnerstand your view on pet insurance. Medical costs can exceed personal resources. But TBT assures us that we are self-insured, so we don't need to pay the insurance companies.
Interesting information. Years ago I read an article by a vet who reviewed some of his clients' records to see if pet insurance was worth the cost. The conclusion was that it just depends on what happens with your pet. Hopefully the people who purchase insurance won't need it, but if they do, I hope it adequately covers their pet's medical bills.
We thought we'd commented on this article, but maybe it was on FB.
I've had Trupanion pet insurance for the girls since the day they came to live with me. I also had Trupanion on Praline the last 4 years of her life. My premiums are a little higher because I've chosen to have no co-pay so I can be reimbursed as much as possible.
Trupanion doesn't cover wellness exams (I've purchased a separate plan with my vet that covers two vet visits and a year of flea protection along with other benefits), but it's been a God Send when Praline had cancer and Truffle or Brulee had to be rushed to the emergency vet. Trupanion is very quick with reimbursement and customer service is excellent. My vet's office will not file directly with Trupanion for payment, so I do have a CareCredit account to pay upfront and when I receive the reimbursement (usually within the week), I can pay it on the account.
I wouldn't be without pet insurance for my girls.
Interesting post. I'm not insured but if TW ever gets another cat, she will be. It's gotten to be a lot more important than just another monthly bill to pay. We're not sure of my age so we're not sure is I can still get insurance.
Right now we don't have insurance...but fur sure would consider it in the future for any new members of the furry kind added to our furmily.


Arnd Wiegmann/ReutersA display at the Zurich stock exchange charting shares of DKSH, a Swiss trade and marketing company that raised $899 million in an I.P.O.
LONDON — After months of economic uncertainty caused by the European debt crisis, investors are starting to venture back into the Continent's financial markets.
In the latest signs of life, two European companies, DKSH, a Swiss trade and marketing company, and Ziggo, a Dutch cable operator, raised a combined $2 billion through initial public offerings this week.
The listings are the largest I.P.O.'s in Europe in almost a year, as companies try to tap investors looking to take advantage of the strong performance of the Continent's financial markets this year.
Despite growing appetite for new European publicly traded companies, analysts caution that the recent market rally may still cause headaches for potential I.P.O. candidates.
Europe's lackluster economic growth continues to sap company earnings, particularly for those countries that use the euro in the euro zone. And investors, who have been waiting months for the Continent's I.P.O. market to reopen, are driving hard bargains. Companies with proven revenue and strong growth prospects are getting the nod ahead of others that have yet to post attractive earnings.
Jock Fistick/Bloomberg NewsA Ziggo store in Utrecht, Netherlands. Ziggo, a Dutch cable company, said it raised $1.1 billion in a public offering, the largest in Europe in almost a year.
The thawing of Europe's financial markets has been a long time coming. Last year, uncertainty about the proposed multibillion-dollar bailout of Greece and a lack of new financing for banks hurt market confidence.
That led to a steep drop in the amount raised by I.P.O.'s, particularly in the second half of 2011. Companies listing in Europe raised a combined $150 billion from the public markets last year, a 57 percent decline compared with 2007, according to data provider Dealogic.
Confidence has slowly been returning since the beginning of 2012. The European Central Bank has offered more than $1 trillion in short-term financing to local banks, which has helped to ease financing concerns. And questions about Greece have become less pressing after a majority of the country's bondholders agreed to participate in a debt restructuring through a bond swap this month.
The next couple of days will be a litmus test for the European capital markets.
On Tuesday, DKSH, a Swiss company that helps other firms market and distribute their products predominantly in Asia, said it had raised $899 million.
The I.P.O. — the first large-scale listing in Switzerland in almost three years — attracted investors keen to tap into the company's connections to fast-growing emerging economies in Asia, according to a person with direct knowledge of the matter.
"The interest and demand of institutional and private investors were exceptionally high," the company's chief executive, Jörg Wolle, said in a statement.
Hot on the heels of DKSH, the Dutch cable company Ziggo said on Tuesday that it had raised $1.1 billion in Europe's largest I.P.O. in almost a year. The company, which is owned by the private equity firms Warburg Pincus and Cinven, said on Monday that it had to increase the number of shares as part of the offering to meet investor demand. Trading of the company's shares will start on Wednesday on the Amsterdam stock exchange.
Analysts say investor interest in Ziggo, which was formed through a merger of three of the four largest cable operators in the Netherlands, is based on the company's strong position in the local market for high-speed broadband Internet and digital pay-per-view television. Last year, the company reported revenue of 1.5 billion euros ($2 billion) and a pretax profit of 835 million euros.
The I.P.O. is also a major victory for Ziggo's private equity backers, which are expected to progressively sell their stake in the company over the next few years.
A number of prominent offerings from private equity-backed companies in Europe have been shelved over the last 18 months, so Ziggo's warm reception from investors may bring other potential listings back to the market.


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text:
"Negotiator – Negotiate Better – Know How To Use Words Right" – Negotiation Tip of the Week | Negotiation
By onlyinfotech On Nov 9, 2018
"Good negotiators listen for what's not said, in order to hear words right." -Greg Williams, The Master Negotiator & Body Language Expert
People's thoughts give life to the words they use to influence others. Thus, their words move people to actions. As a negotiator, to negotiate better, know how to use words right.
Using His Words:
When engaged in a negotiation, listen to the words used by the other negotiator and the way he uses those words. As an example, he makes the statement, "I only want to address one thing at a time." Later in the negotiation, if he asks you to address multiple items/situations simultaneously, you can state, "I only want to address one thing at a time." Citing his own words as justification for your actions will psychologically put him into a state of reflection. Note his body language to discern the effect that your words have on him (e.g. leans back resting towards one side of his body, laying a pen/pencil down/aside, looking up into the air). Any such signals will serve as validation that he's taking your words into his thought process.
Emphasized and Changing Words:
During a negotiation, the opposing negotiator will emphasize certain words. Listen for them. Through his action, he's denoting the importance that word has in his thought process. You can use that insight to reposition your negotiation efforts to fit the altering situation based on the way he's thinking.
As an example, if he begins a statement by saying, "Weeee, I think I can do it." Note the word choice change from 'we' to 'I'. Plus, note how he drew 'weeee' out. While making that change, he was likely considering to what degree he'd have to rely on others. By changing his words, he displayed his belief that he has greater control over producing the outcome in question. That display gives you insight into where he believes his abilities lie in that situation. You can clone it by posing similar questions to move him in the direction of your needs throughout the negotiation. That insight will also allow you to cite his pride of authority and position him as such. Then, if you reach a point of decision and he refers to his need to consult others, remind him of what he's implied about his authority. Even if he states the situation at hand is above his authority, you will have uncovered his limits.
Unspoken Words:
People say a lot through the words they don't use. Thus, what's not said can be more important than what's said. It too gives insight into their thoughts.
During a negotiation, closely observe the word choice used by the other negotiator to convey his thoughts and offers. Consider what he's not saying and why he may not be using specific words. If you sense he's attempting to prevent you from uncovering something, ask him about it. Use the words that you believe he's not saying and observe his reaction. If his reaction is one of dismissiveness, pay attention. You may have stumbled upon a point that requires greater probing.
When people hesitate, pause, or alter their words, they're giving you insight into their shifting mindset. That shift represents a change in their thinking. If you're astute, you'll observe the cause of that action and use it to advantage the negotiation.
From the way you use words to convey your offers, to the way you use the opposing negotiator's words to shape his perspective, if you use words right in a negotiation you'll experience greater negotiation outcomes … and everything will be right with the world.
Remember, you're always negotiating!
NegotiateNegotiationNegotiatorTipWeekWords
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7 Common Negotiation Mistakes to Avoid at all Costs
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Key Challenges for Effective Procurement Negotiation

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: basic python Password vault, answer repeats without stopping and other issues My assessment is to construct a password vault, with basic python lists, functions while loops, etc, but am having issues on the part where the user actually inputs passwords for their apps. The first problem is when they ask to see their passwords and don't have any it should say "you have nothing stored", it says this but don't stop repeating it, and also wondered if I could get some help on completing the rest of it. here is what I would like this part of the code to look like in terms of using it.
Press: 1) find your existing passwords 2) save a new password for your apps
3) see a summary of your password locker 4) exit password locker successfully
2
Name of website: Facebook
Username of site: bob91
password of site: bob95
would you like to add another app: yes
Name of website: Instagram
Username of site: albert91
password of site: albert95
would you like to add another app: no
Press: 1) find your existing passwords 2) save a new password for your apps
3) see a summary of your password locker 4) exit password locker successfully
1
Which app password would you like to access: Facebook
Facebook
username: bob91
password: bob95
-------------------------------------------------- My actual code right now -->

vault_apps = []
app_name = ""
def locker_menu_func():
    print('''You have opened the locker,
Please select what you would like to do,''')
    while True:
        locker_menu_var = input('''Press: \n1) find your existing passwords \n2) save a new password for your apps
3) see a summary of your password locke \n4) exit password locker successfully
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
''')
        print('''----------------------------------------------------------------''')
        if locker_menu_var == "1":
            while len(vault_apps) < 1:
                print('''you have nothing stored''')
                break
            break
        elif locker_menu_var == "2":
            app_name = input('''
What is the name of the website/app your are adding?
''')
            app_password = input('''What is the password of your {} account?
'''.format(app_name))
            vault_apps.append([app_name, app_password])
            while True: another_app = input('''Would you like to add another app to your password locker?''')
            if another_app in {"Y", "YES"}:
                    print("okay")
                    break

            break

locker_menu_func()

A: I used dictionary to store the password. Try it this way. If it solved your problem, Kindly upvote and make it as a answer.
app_passwords = {}

def locker_menu_func():
    print('''You have opened the locker,
Please select what you would like to do,''')

    while True:
        locker_menu_var = input('''Press: \n1) find your existing passwords \n2) save a new password for your apps
3) see a summary of your password locke \n4) exit password locker successfully''')
        if locker_menu_var == "1":
            while len(app_passwords) < 1:
                print('''you hve nothing stored''')
                break
            else:
                for kv in app_passwords.items():
                    a=  kv[0],kv[1]
                    print(str(a).replace("(","").replace(")","").replace("[","").replace("]",""))
                #print (app_passwords)

        elif locker_menu_var == "2":
            web = input("Enter Website")
            username = input("Enter username")
            password = input("Enter password")
            app_passwords[web]=["username:"+username+","+"password:"+password]
        elif locker_menu_var == "3":
            print ("Count of Websites stored",len(app_passwords))
        elif locker_menu_var == "4":
            break

locker_menu_func()


1) WHICH WEIGHT DIVISION DO YOU THINK IT SHOULD OCCUR IN AND WHY?
2) WHICH FIGHTERS WOULD DO YOU THINK SHOULD PARTICIPATE IN THE TOURNAMENT AND WHY?
JCs right about the past talent in that category. It would be a fantastic public display of womens boxing to get those names together. Personally I would love to see open tournamemts across the weights. How else will we get the opportunities to box the best in our categories without promoters and the dollar getting to decide who does and doesn't get to box who. If it would convince the only current UK registered pro at my weight on home ground to get in there with me, then great.
Light welter. Not to be a loud mouth but 122-140 are the best out there. And I truly believe that, with me being the best female in the world pound for pound.
I think either Light Welter or Featherweight would be the best as you have some great girls there. In fact anywhere between 130-140lbs would be good. It would have to be marketed right but think it could be a success. I would love to give it a go if I was good enough.In the UK you got Lyndsey Scragg, [Jane] Couch, [Kristine] Shergold,[Angel] Mckenzie, me and [Laura] Saperstein all in that bracket and then in Europe and the US there are loads of good girls.


text:
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Jan 28 (CP) Colombo- National Election Commission member MM Mohammed has also received death threats to resign from his post. A spokesman for the Election Commission said that some person had threatened the commissioner with death over the phone.
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Jan 28 (CP) Colombo- A special traffic plan will be implemented in several areas of Colombo due to the rehearsals for the 75th National Independence Day. This traffic plan is in effect on January 28, January 29, February 01, February 02 and February 03.
Details of Dinesh Schaftter's death will be revealed in a fortnight
Jan 28 (CP) Colombo- Public Security Minister Tiran Alles said that the information regarding the death of Mr. Dinesh Schaftetr, who was a director of Janashakti Group, will be informed to everyone including the media within the next two weeks.
Disciplinary inquiry into former head of state intelligence regarding Easter Sunday attack
Jan 27 (CP) Colombo- Minister of Public Security Tiran Alles Friday said a disciplinary inquiry will be conducted urgently against the former head of State Intelligence Service, Senior Deputy Inspector General of Police Nilantha Jayawardena, who is accused of failing to prevent the terrorist attack on Easter Sunday in 2019, and submit the report to the Supreme Court.
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Jan 27 (CP) Colombo- On successful completion of the Cooperation Afloat Readiness and Training (CARAT) – 2023 Exercise, USS Anchorage (LPD-23) of the United States Navy departed the island this morning (27th January 2023).
U.S., Sri Lanka naval exercise CARAT/MAREX concludes, enhancing naval partnerships and disaster response
Jan 27 (CP) Colombo- Cooperation Afloat Readiness and Training (CARAT)/Marine Exercise (MAREX) Sri Lanka 2023 concluded in Colombo, Sri Lanka, Jan. 26, following eight days of in-person and at-sea engagements that enhanced collaboration between the Sri Lanka and U.S. militaries.
Court grants time for State Minister Diana Gamage to file objections
Jan 27 (CP) Colombo- The Court of Appeal ordered yesterday (26) to give State Minister of Tourism Diana Gamage time until February 17 to file objections to the writ petition filed by a social activist requesting the issuance of a writ to revoke the position of State Minister Diana Gamage as a Member of Parliament.
Court issues notices to Ajith Nivard Cabraal and Lalith Weeratunga
Jan 26 (CP) Colombo- The Colombo Fort Magistrate's Court issued notices to former Central Bank Governor Ajith Nivard Cabraal and former President's Secretary Lalith Weeratunga to appear before court on February 17.
Police seize a van suspected of involvement in the robbery of the Gampola ATM machine
Jan 26 (CP) Colombo- The Police have found a van in the Peradeniya area suspected to be involved a robbery of an ATM machine of a private bank in Gampola town. The Police say, four masked men stole an ATM with a large amount of money from a Gampola private bank early Wednesday morning.
Sri Lanka Navy arrests three with Kerala cannabis worth over Rs. 16 million in northern waters
Jan 25 (CP) Colombo- Sri Lanka Navy during a special search operation carried out off the Delft Island in Jaffna today has arrested three suspects in a dingy with more than 49kg (wet weight) of Kerala cannabis.
Another 47 domestic workers subjected to harassment in Kuwait brought to the island
Jan 25 (CP) Colombo- Another 47 domestic workers who were subjected to various harassments while they were working as domestic workers in the state of Kuwait arrived in the island today. The group included 42 female domestic workers and 5 male workers and most of them are residents of Anuradhapura district.
Sri Lanka Navy seizes Kerala cannabis worth over Rs. 20 Mn in Analathivu, Jaffna
Jan 24 (CP) Colombo- Sri Lanka Navy and Police seized over 60kg (wet weight) of Kerala cannabis, during a combined search operation carried out in the beach area of the Analathivu Island in Jaffna on 24th January 2023. SLNS Elara in the Northern Naval Command, in coordination with Kayts Police, took hold of this stock of Kerala cannabis which had been washed ashore.
Two union activists arrested on charges of threatening the Public Utilities Commission members
Jan 24 (CP) Colombo- The Kollupitiya Police has arrested Secretary of Electricity Users Association Sanjeewa Dhammika and Convener of Samagi United Trade Union Alliance Ananda Palitha on charges of threatening two members of the Public Utilities Commission of Sri Lanka (PUCSL).
Ten senior police officers leave for crime prevention training in Russia
Jan 24 (CP) Colombo- Ten senior officers of Sri Lanka Police, including two Senior Deputy Inspector Generals (SDIGs), left for Russia yesterday (23) for a two-week special training on fighting organized crime.
More : LEGAL - SITUATION
NEWS - HIGHLIGHTS
Foreign Minister Ali Sabry concludes official visit to Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Jan 29 (CP) Colombo- Sri Lanka Minister of Foreign Affairs Ali Sabry undertook an official visit to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from 22 to 27 January 2023 on the invitation extended by Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Prince Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud.
Government to release 100 acres of lands in the North to the original owners
Jan 28 (CP) Colombo: Chief of the Presidential Staff, Senior Security Adviser to the President Sagala Ratnayake has instructed the district secretaries to hand over 100 acres of land identified as private land belonging to the Tamil people that have been used by the security forces in the north, to the original owners with no impact to the national security.
Sri Lanka saved over US$ 2,500 Mn from import restrictions - State Minister
Jan 28 (CP) Colombo- Sri Lanka has been able to save US$ 2,500 million during the period from first the date of suspension of imports till now, State Minister of Finance Dr. Ranjith Siyambalapitiya said.
FINANCE - TRAVEL
Sri Lanka Tourism returns to Spanish market after pandemic
Jan 28 (CP) Colombo- Spain is one of the fastest recovery markets for Sri Lanka Tourism after the pandemic and participation in FITUR argues well for the much-needed exposure for Sri Lanka as an attractive tourism destination for Spanish-speaking countries, contributing in a substantive manner to its overall growth strategy.
Elpitiya Plantations among the Top 10 Best Corporate Citizens at the Best Corporate Citizen Sustainability Awards 2022
Jan 28 (CP) Colombo- Elpitiya Plantations PLC (EPP), the leading plantation company in Sri Lanka, for the first time was recognized among the Ten Best Corporate Citizens award and competing among other larger corporate giants.
Parliament Select Committee reviews future plans of Board of Investment
Jan 27 (CP) Colombo- The Select Committee of Parliament to study the practical problems and difficulties that have arisen in relation to enhancing the rank in the Ease of Doing Business Index in Sri Lanka and make its proposals and recommendations, discussed the future of the Board of Investment (BOI) of Sri Lanka.
CDS signs up with Lanka IOC PLC to act as Registrar
Jan 27 (CP) Colombo- The Central Depository Systems (CDS), a fully owned subsidiary of the Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE), recently signed a service agreement with Lanka IOC PLC as the registrar for Lanka IOC PLC, with effect from 01st of January 2023.
John Keells Properties hosts Oxbridge and Ivy Social at Cinnamon Life Integrated Resort
Jan 27 (CP) Colombo- The Oxbridge and Ivy Social was held at Cinnamon Life Integrated Resort, an iconic 4.5 million sq.ft. integrated mixed-use development created and developed by John Keells Holdings PLC recently.
EDB launches 'Export Performance Indicators 2021'
Jan 27 (CP) Colombo- Sri Lanka Export Development Board has launched its flagship statistical publication "Export Performance Indicators 2021". The latest edition provides statistical information related to Sri Lanka's external trade and its contribution to major economic indicators such as trade balance, GDP and individual sectoral involvement for the year 2021 and five preceding years.
Sri Lanka has completed all the requirements for IMF relief package - Executive Director
Jan 26 (CP) Colombo- Dr. Krishnamurthy Subramanian, Executive Director (India) of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), says that Sri Lanka has completed all the requirements to be met for the IMF relief package.
Dialog Home Broadband launches Sri Lanka's most affordable prepaid home broadband data plans
Jan 26 (CP) Colombo- Dialog Broadband Networks (Pvt) Limited, a subsidiary of Dialog Axiata PLC, Sri Lanka's premier connectivity provider, announced the launch of two new Home Broadband Prepaid plans in line with the company's vision of delivering affordable and accessible world-class internet services to all Sri Lankans.
SLIIT crowned champions of Gamer.LK's Inter-University Esports Championship powered by SLT-MOBITEL
Jan 25 (CP) Colombo- Sri Lanka's largest university-level sporting event, Gamer.LK's Inter-University Esports Championship powered by SLT-MOBITEL concluded on a successful note recently with SLIIT emerging as the overall Champions.
ComBank opens Indian Rupee Nostro Account to promote regional trade
Jan 25 (CP) Colombo- The Commercial Bank of Ceylon has announced that it has opened an Indian Rupee denominated Nostro Account at the 116-year-old Indian Bank – Mumbai, to facilitate trade transactions between Sri Lanka and India.
SriLankan Airlines puts Sri Lanka on the Global Cycling Map with 'Ride Sri Lanka 2023'
Jan 25 (CP) Colombo- SriLankan Airlines, in its continuous endeavor to promote Sri Lanka as a sought-after tourist destination among the niche travelers, organizes 'Ride Sri Lanka 2023,' a cross country cycling tour with a star-studded rider line-up from across the world.
Sri Lanka Central Bank maintains its policy interest rates at current levels
Jan 25 (CP) Colombo- Sri Lanka's Central Bank releasing the monetary policy review on Wednesday said the Monetary Board has decided to continue the current monetary policy stance.
HNB official banking partner for Brand Week 2023 organized by Sri Lanka Institute of Marketing (SLIM)
Jan 25 (CP) Colombo- Empowering the journey of budding marketers with exclusive opportunities to create and strengthen their brands, Sri Lanka's leading private sector bank HNB PLC, supported the recently concluded SLIM Brand Week 2023 as the official banking partner.
China offers Sri Lanka debt moratorium, IMF help still in doubt
Jan 24 (CP) Colombo- China has offered debt service relief in 2022, 2023 but Sri Lanka sources are unclear if China letter will be enough for the International Monetary Fund Reuters reported.
Committee on Public Finance urges to provide bipartisan support to reforms put forward by IMF
Jan 24 (CP) Colombo- The Chairman of the Committee on Public Finance parliamentarian Dr. Harsha De Silva strongly reiterated the Committee's commitment to providing bipartisan support to the reforms put forward by the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
Ministerial Consultative Committee on Industries approves the gazette related to revision of Companies and Societies Fees
Jan 24 (CP) Colombo- The gazette notification related to revision of Companies and Societies Fees was approved by the Ministerial Consultative Committee on Industries recently. The approval was received at the Ministerial Consultative Committee on Industries met in Parliament recently (Jan. 20) under the chairmanship of the Minister of Plantations and Industries Ramesh Pathirana.
Sasith Bambaradeniya joins AIA's dynamic team of young leaders as Chief Marketing Officer
Jan 24 (CP) Colombo- AIA Insurance is delighted to announce its new Chief Marketing Officer (CMO), Sasith Bambaradeniya, effective January 2023. With over 15 years of experience in marketing, communications, strategic planning and operations leadership, Sasith is a proven marketing leader
Sri Lanka national inflation declines to 59.2 percent in December 2022
Jan 24 (CP) Colombo- Sri Lanka's nationwide inflation in December 2022 determined under the National Consumer Price Index (NCPI) declined to 59.2 percent from 65.0 percent recorded in November 2022 on a year-on-year basis, the Department of Census and Statistics reported Monday.
CFA Society Sri Lanka & CSE train financial literacy ambassadors from state universities
Jan 24 (CP) Colombo- The Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) and the CFA Society Sri Lanka wish to appoint "Financial Literacy Ambassadors" from state universities in Sri Lanka and to conduct a training session on financial literacy for them on 26th January 2023, from 9.00 am to 12.00 noon at the CSE Auditorium in Colombo.
Sri Lankan shares end higher as industrials, consumer staples gain
Jan 27 (Reuters) - Sri Lankan shares rose on Friday, lifted by gains in industrial and consumer staples stocks. The CSE All Share index rose 0.36% to 8,958.79. * The index rose ~2.8% for the week.
Jan 25 (AP) Debt-stricken Sri Lanka's Central Bank chief said Wednesday that the country is making good progress in talks with its creditors to obtain financial assurances for debt restructuring, an important step toward finalizing an International Monetary Fund rescue plan.
Sri Lankan shares end higher after central bank holds rates
Jan 25 (Reuters) - Sri Lankan shares rose on Wednesday after the island nation's central bank held rates as widely expected. The CSE All Share index rose 0.40% to 8,938.06, helped by gains in financial and energy stocks.
More : FINANCE - TRAVEL
* Sri Lankan shares snap five-day rally (24 - Reuters)
POLITICS - GENERAL
Support from Japan to clean Beira Lake
Jan 29 (CP) Colombo- A Japanese company has agreed to the government to clean and beautify the Colombo Beira Lake for free. The relevant company has expressed this agreement after a discussion between the President's Senior Advisor on Climate Change Ruwan Wijewardena and the company's representatives held at the President's Secretariat last week.
Former UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon to visit Sri Lanka
Jan 29, Colombo: Former Secretary General of the United Nations and Chairman of the Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI) Ban Ki-moon is scheduled to visit Sri Lanka on February 06, President's Senior Adviser on Climate Change, Ruwan Wijewardena said.
Veteran Indian movie star promotes Sri Lanka across the world
Jan 28 (CP) Colombo- Multi Award Winning Veteran Indian Actor Ashish Vidyarthi, known for his roles as a villain and many other roles in Bollywood, Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu, Kannada, Bengali, has arrived in Sri Lanka on special mission to support Sri Lanka Tourism Industry by creating positive impressions within international tourists including fellow Indians.
Sri Lanka President warns of falling into crisis again if government programs disrupted
Jan 28 (CP) Colombo- Sri Lanka's President Ranil Wickremesinghe warns that the country slowly recovering from the economic crisis will fall into a crisis again similar to the situation last year, if the economic and agricultural programs implemented by the government and the debt restructuring program according to the IMF are disrupted.
Power regulator rejects a request from the Ceylon Electricity Board for power interruption
Jan 28 (CP) Colombo- Sri Lanka's electricity regulator, the Public Utilities Commission has rejected a request by the power supplier Ceylon Electricity Board to curtail electricity supply by managing the demand.
U.S. Under Secretary for Political Affairs, Victoria Nuland to visit Sri Lanka
Jan 28 (CP) Colombo- The United States Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs Victoria Nuland will undertake an official visit to Sri Lanka, Nepal, India, and Qatar next week.
Government given three months to demarcate Muthurajawela boundaries
Jan 27 (CP) Colombo- The Court of Appeal today gave the government three months to complete the demarcation of the Muthurajawela Wetland. The court issued the order when two petitions filed by Cardinal Malcolm Ranjith and the Environmental Justice Center were taken up for consideration on Friday.
Electricity regulator requests public to inform in writing if power cuts are continuing
Jan 27 (CP) Colombo- The Public Utilities Commission of Sri Lanka has requested electricity consumers to inform the PUCSL if any unauthorized power cuts are imposed by the Ceylon Electricity Board (CEB). The PUCSL said the complaints can be directed in writing.
Power and Energy Minister seeks legal action against Human Rights Commission threatening ministry officials
Jan 27 (CP) Colombo- Power and Energy Minister Kanchana Wijesekera says that they have taken advice on the legal measures that can be taken against the actions taken by the members of the Human Rights Commission regarding the power cuts during the GCE advanced Level examination period.
Sri Lanka prorogues Parliament until February 08
Jan 27 (CP) Colombo- Sri Lanka's President Ranil Wickremesinghe on Friday prorogued the Parliament until February 08. The gazette notification on the prorogation of the 3rd session of the 9th Parliament was issued by President's Secretary Saman Ekanayake and will be effective from midnight today (27).
PUCSL again requests CEB to refrain from imposing power cuts during GCE A/L exam
Jan 27 (CP) Colombo- The Public Utilities Commission of Sri Lanka (PUCSL) has again sent a letter to the Ceylon Electricity Board (CEB) asking them to refrain from disconnecting the electricity during the period of GCE A/L exam up to February 17.
Speaker endorses the certificate on Regulation of Election Expenditure Bill and Bureau of Rehabilitation Bill
Jan 27 (CP) Colombo- Speaker Mahinda Yapa Abeywardena has endorsed the certificate on the Regulation of Election Expenditure Bill and the Bureau of Rehabilitation Bill which were debated and passed in Parliament recently.
Sri Lanka President says he is bound to implement the 13th Amendment
Jan 27 (CP) Colombo- Sri Lanka President Ranil Wickremesinghe said he is bound to implement the existing law in accordance with the executive powers of the President. Addressing the All-Party Conference yesterday, the President further said the 13th Amendment to the Constitution is being implemented accordingly or the Parliament should abolish the 13th amendment.
CEB says it's a challenge to find money to provide uninterrupted power during GCE A/L exam
Jan 27 (CP) Colombo- The power supplier, Ceylon Electricity Board (CEB) says it is a challenge for the CEB to find money to provide continuous electricity during the GCE advanced Level examination period.
Election Commission says not received any resignation letter yet
Jan 27 (CP) Colombo- The National Election Commission of Sri Lanka has stated that the Commission has not yet received a written resignation of a member of the Election Commission or a copy of a letter so sent, contrary to the media reports.
NBRO to be strengthened further with regulatory powers
Jan 27 (CP) Colombo- The National Building Research Organization (NBRO), which functions under the purview of the Ministry of Defense, will be strengthened with regulatory powers with the enactment of the proposed National Building Research Institute Act this year, Defense Secretary Gen. Kamal Gunaratne said.
President instructs to celebrate the 75th Independence with pride, at minimal cost
Jan 27 (CP) Colombo- President Ranil Wickremesinghe has instructed the relevant officials to pay attention to the current financial position of the country while estimating the required expenditure to make arrangements to celebrate the 75th Independence anniversary on 4th February.
Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka discuss enhancement of bilateral relations, during FM's visit
Jan 27 (CP) Colombo- Sri Lanka Minister of Foreign Affairs Ali Sabry who is on an official visit to Saudi Arabia met with his Saudi counterpart Prince Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud on Thursday in Riyadh. Sri Lanka Embassy in Riyadh said Foreign Minister Ali Sabry had a productive discussion with the Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud
Sri Lankan industries should prepare for the transition to the digital economy - President
Jan 26 (CP) Colombo- President Ranil Wickremesinghe pointed out that the industrial education and training opportunities in Sri Lanka should be improved by introducing modern technology required to surpass the new industrial technology and digital economy of the fourth and fifth industrial revolutions.
Parliamentary Caucus for Children intervenes to prevent child victims from being inconvenienced
Jan 26 (CP) Colombo- Justice Minister Dr. Wijeyadasa Rajapakshe and Member of Parliament Mrs. Rohini Kumari Wijeratne, the Chairperson of the Parliamentary Caucus for Children, recently handed over the applications of justice of peace for the probation officers to avoid the inconvenience of obtaining affidavits required in legal proceedings for children who become victims.
COPE summons authorities to determine a reasonable price for eggs
Jan 26 (CP) Colombo- The Committee on Public Enterprises (COPE) which met yesterday (Jan. 25) under the chairmanship of Prof. Ranjith Bandara held a four-pointer discussion as an extension of the Committee meeting held on January 19.
Commonwealth Secretary-General to visit Sri Lanka to attend Independence Day Celebrations
Jan 26 (CP) Colombo- Commonwealth Secretary-General, KC Patricia Scotland is scheduled to visit Sri Lanka next week to attend the 75th Independence Day celebrations, the Commonwealth Secretariat said. The Secretary-General has been invited by President Ranil Wickremesinghe to attend the events in Colombo on Saturday 4 February marking the significant anniversary.
Grade Five Scholarship Exam results released
Jan 26 (CP) Colombo- Examination Commissioner-General Amit Jayasundara has said that the results of the 2022 Grade Five Scholarship Examination were released at midnight yesterday (25).
All 14 life-saving drugs for the next 6 months are available - Health Minister
Jan 26 (CP) Colombo- Health Minister Dr. Keheliya Rambukwella said sufficient quantities of all 14 life-saving medicines for the next six months are available in the country. The Minister said that the shortage of certain medicines in the country can be resolved within the next month and that the focus is on many long-term, short-term and medium-term solutions for the drug shortage problem.
NVQ is mandatory from April 1 for women going abroad as domestic aides
Jan 25 (CP) Colombo- The Foreign Employment Bureau has taken measures to extend the 15-day training course for women going abroad for the first time for the position of domestic housekeeping assistant to 28 days from February 1 this year with NVQ 3 level.
More employment opportunities for Sri Lankan workers from Saudi Arabia in 2023
Jan 25 (CP) Colombo- The Minister of Labor and Foreign Employment Mr. Manusha Nanayakkara says that in the year 2023, employment opportunities will be provided to around 200,000 workers in Saudi Arabia.
Decision to provide uninterrupted power until GCE A/L exam over
Jan 25 (CP) Colombo- The authorities have agreed to provide continuous electricity supply from today until the end of the General Certificate of Education Advanced Level examination at the discussion held at the Sri Lanka Human Rights Commission today.
Sathosa reduces prices of six essential items
Jan 25 (CP) Colombo- Sri Lanka's largest state owned retail chain Lanka Sathosa has further reduced the prices of six essential consumer items. Sathosa says that this discounted price will be effective from tomorrow (January 26) in all country wide Sathosa outlets.
Italy willing to supply helicopters to Sri Lanka to combat human trafficking
Jan 25 (CP) Colombo- The government of Italy has expressed its willingness to help Sri Lanka by supplying helicopters for anti-human trafficking measures taken by the government.
Indian HC emphasizes importance of India's and Sri Lanka's togetherness on the journey that lies ahead
Jan 25 (CP) Colombo- Indian High Commissioner to Sri Lanka Gopal Baglay said that cooperation and working together would be very important for Sri Lanka and India on the journey that lies ahead for them to celebrate the centenary of independence in 2047 for India and 2048 for Sri Lanka.
All Party Conference to be held tomorrow under President's patronage
Jan 25 (CP) Colombo- An All-Party Conference is scheduled to be held tomorrow (26) at 4.00 pm at the Presidential Secretariat with the participation of all party leaders representing the Parliament, under the patronage of President Ranil Wickremesinghe.
Utility regulator informs National Council that they will request Attorney General's advice to raise electricity charges
Jan 25 (CP) Colombo- The utility regulator, Public Utilities Commission of Sri Lanka (PUCSL) has informed the National Council that they will send documents to the Attorney General requesting for advice regarding the possibility of increasing the electricity charges retrospectively and requesting for prompt approval for the increase in the electricity charges.
Constitutional Council meets for the first time
Jan 25 (CP) Colombo- The Constitutional Council had its first meeting today presided by the Mahinda Yapa Abeywardana, the Speaker and the Chairman of the Constitutional Council.
COPA proposes new measures to make the Inland Revenue Department more efficient
Jan 25 (CP) Colombo- Several new measures have been proposed by the parliamentary Committee on Public Accounts (COPA) to make the work of the Inland Revenue Department more efficient when the Committee met in Parliament Tuesday under the chairmanship of Member of Parliament Kabir Hashim.
Immediate compensation for those who lost their lives in the Radella accident
Jan 25 (CP) Colombo- Cabinet Spokesman, Minister of Mass Media, Transport and Highways Dr. Bandula Gunawardena said that President Ranil Wickremesinghe instructed the Minister of Education Susil Premajayantha to give immediate compensation to the families of the people who lost their lives in the road accident in Nanu Oya Radella area.
Committee to probe into issues in Kithulgala white water rafting due to Broadlands hydropower project
Jan 24 (CP) Colombo- Secretary to the President Saman Ekanayake issued instructions to appoint a committee to look into the problems that have arisen in connection with the white water rafting water sport centered around the Kithulgala area due to the Broadlands hydroelectric project and to make recommendations on possible solutions.
CEO of Saudi Fund for Development Receives Sri Lankan Minister of Foreign Affairs
Jan 27 (SPA) CEO of the Saudi Fund for Development (SFD) Sultan Al-Marshad received here today Minister of Foreign Affairs of Sri Lanka Ali Sabry, and his accompanying delegation.
Sri Lanka seeks lasting solution as human-elephant conflict takes record toll
Jan27 (Mongabay) Each day, as the sun set over the horizon, Thettuwage Tennakoon and his wife would carefully climb up into their treehouse in the middle of their rice field. This elevated position was ideal for keeping watch over the crop — and for staying safe from the elephants they were guarding the crop against.
More : POLITICS - GENERAL
* Public utility commission seeks legal opinion on the proposal to increase electricity rates again (24 - CP)
* Chitranganee Wagiswara approved as High Commissioner to Australia (24 - CP)
* A pricing formula for eggs and poultry (24 - CP)
India to face England in Women's U-19 T20 World Cup final
Jan 27 (ESPNCI) It was heartbreak and ecstasy in equal measures in Potchefstroom as India and England made the final of the inaugural Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup to be played on Sunday. While India comfortably beat New Zealand in the first semi-final, tensions swayed one way
More : SPORTS
Daryl Mitchell and Mitchell Santner give New Zealand 1-0 lead in T20Is
Jan 27 (ESPNCI) New Zealand were put in on a pitch that turned, and were then expected to bowl in the dew, but they managed to score what turned out to be enough off India's fast bowlers. Half-centuries from Daryl Mitchell and Devon Conway and an early burst from Finn Allen took New Zealand to 176
Stokes, Babar and Buttler named captains of ICC teams of 2022
Jan 25 (ESPNCI) The annual ICC teams for 2022 are out, in five categories: men's Tests, ODIs and T20Is, and women's ODIs and T20Is. Some of the usual suspects, the cream of the crop in each format, are there, of course, but there are a few names in each XI that might make you want to turn to the ESPNcricinfo stats pages for a quick double-check.
Rohit Sharma and Shubman Gill hit centuries as hosts beat New Zealand
Jan 25 (BBC) Rohit Sharma and Shubman Gill hit centuries and shared a 212-run opening stand as India beat New Zealand in the third one-day international. The win means India take the series 3-0 and go top of the ODI world rankings. Captain Rohit scored 101 from 85 balls and Gill a 78-ball 112 as India racked up 385-9 in the 90-run win in Indore.
South Africa to send 12 cheetahs a year to India
Jan 28 (BBC) South Africa has signed an agreement to introduce dozens of African cheetahs to India over the next decade. The first batch of 12 cheetahs will be sent next month, the South African environment department said. It plans to send a similar number annually for the next eight to 10 years
More : WORLD
Tiny radioactive capsule goes missing in Western Australia
Jan 27 (BBC) An urgent search is under way in Western Australia after a tiny capsule containing a radioactive substance went missing. The casing contains a small quantity of radioactive Caesium-137, which could cause serious illness if touched. It was lost between the town of Newman and the city of Perth in mid-January - a distance of roughly 1,400km (870 miles).
Torrential rains, flash floods lash Auckland; Elton John concert cancelled
Jan 27 (Reuters) - A state of emergency was declared in New Zealand's biggest city Auckland on Friday as torrential rains caused widespread flooding and evacuations, closing the city's airports and forcing organisers to cancel a scheduled concert by Elton John.
Nepal deputy PM loses job after top court rules his ID invalid
Jan 27 (Reuters) - Nepal's Supreme Court ruled on Friday that deputy prime minister Rabi Lamichhane had stood for election with invalid citizenship papers, annulling his status as a lawmaker and effectively removing him from office. Lamichhane became deputy prime minister for home affairs - heading the ministry that oversees identity cards - in a seven-party alliance that took power last month.
About Sri Lanka ::-
Introduction to Sri Lanka ::-
Sri Lanka is a beautiful island paradise in the Indian Ocean with white sandy beaches lush greenery, exciting adventures, amazing wildlife, cascading waterfalls and a rich heritage. The island of Sri Lanka is roughly pear-shaped. The total area of Sri Lanka is 65,610 sq km. Sri Lanka�s coastline is about 1,340 km (about 833 mi) around.
The people in Sri Lanka are warm and friendly. Sri Lankans are known for hospitality in all over the world. People in Sri Lanka ethnically fall into four main categories. The population of Sri Lanka is about 20 million. Sri Lanka has a tropical climate. Sri Lanka has a democratic government. Sri Lanka is mainly an agricultural country. Colombo is the commercial capital of Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka gained independence in 1948. Sri Lanka was known as Ceylon.
In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Sri Lanka became a plantation economy, famous for its production and export of cinnamon, rubber and Ceylon tea, which remains a trademark national export. By 1996 plantation crops made up only 20% of export, and further declined to 16.8% in 2005 (compared with 93% in 1970), while textiles and garments have reached 63%. The GDP grew at an average annual rate of 5.5% during the early 1990s, until a drought and a deteriorating security situation lowered growth to 3.8% in 1996. The economy rebounded in 1997-2000, with average growth of 5.3%.
Sri Lanka, with an income per head of $1,350, still lags behind some of its neighbors including Maldives and Mauritius but is ahead of its giant neighbor India. Its economy grew by an average of 5% during the 1990s during the 'War for Peace' era. According to the Sri Lankan central bank statistics, the economy was estimated to have grown by 7% last year, although inflation had reached 20%.
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