text:
Rhode Island Edition
The Rhode Island Truth-O-Meter
"In 1790, the first Congress, which was packed with framers, required all ship owners to provide medical insurance for seamen; in 1798, Congress also required seamen to buy hospital insurance for themselves. In 1792, Congress enacted a law mandating that all able-bodied citizens obtain a firearm."
— Einer Elhauge on Thursday, January 5th, 2012 in a commentary in the New England Journal of Medicine
Harvard Law professor says early Congress mandated health insurance for seamen and gun ownership for most men
By C. Eugene Emery Jr. on Friday, January 13th, 2012 at 12:01 a.m.
One complaint about President Obama's Affordable Care Act is that it forces uninsured people to purchase health insurance or pay a penalty -- an argument the Supreme Court will consider when it takes up challenges to the health-care law in oral arguments March 27 and 28. If the court upholds the act, critics argue, what's to stop Congress from forcing us to buy, say broccoli.
Harvard Law School professor Einer Elhauge focused on that issue in a Jan. 5, 2012, commentary in the New England Journal of Medicine titled "The Irrelevance of the Broccoli Argument against the Insurance Mandate."
Some people, he said, "argue that the Constitution's framers could not possibly have envisioned a congressional power to force purchases. However, in 1790, the first Congress, which was packed with framers, required all ship owners to provide medical insurance for seamen; in 1798, Congress also required seamen to buy hospital insurance for themselves.
"In 1792, Congress enacted a law mandating that all able-bodied citizens obtain a firearm. This history negates any claim that forcing the purchase of insurance or other products is unprecedented or contrary to any possible intention of the framers."
We wondered whether those early Congresses -- some of whose members helped draft the Constitution -- did indeed mandate health insurance and gun purchases.
First, we wanted to see whether that first Congress was actually "packed with framers."
Fifty-five men are considered the framers. During the first Congress in 1790, only 20 of the 91 senators and representatives were framers. That's not exactly packing them in.
Then we contacted Elhauge about the other parts of his claim. He referred us to three pieces of legislation.
First was the 1790 law, passed by that first Congress, which applied to any U.S. ship that was at least 150 tons or with a crew of at least 10. It required the master or commander to either have a supply of on-board medicines (with instructions) or provide "all such advice, medicine, or attendance of physicians, as any of the crew shall stand in need of in case of sickness" and do it "without any deduction from the wages of such sick seaman or mariner."
Sounds like mandatory health care to us.
Then, in 1792, a Congress that included 17 framers passed a law requiring nearly every "free able-bodied white male citizen" age 18 to 44, within six months, "provide himself with a good musket or firelock, a sufficient bayonet and belt, two spare flints, and a knapsack, a pouch with a box therein to contain not less than twenty-four cartridges," along with balls and gunpowder. A rifle could be substituted. The purpose was to establish a uniform militia.
Again, that sounds like a mandated purchase to us.
Finally, in 1798, a Congress that included five framers expanded the health coverage mandate, requiring every ship owner or master coming into a port to pay 20 cents per seaman for every month each worker had been employed.
The funds, which could be withheld from the seamen, were used "to provide for the temporary relief and maintenance of sick or disabled seamen, in the hospitals or other proper institutions now established" in the port. Leftover funds were used to create hospitals for those mariners.
How did the framers vote on these laws?
There was no roll call for the House and Senate bills requiring health care for seamen. But on the proposal mandating the purchase of musket, firelock or rifle as part of the larger bill to establish a uniform militia, 10 of the 14 framers whose votes were recorded endorsed the measure.
One side note: In November 1792, an attempt was made in the House to reconsider the weapon requirement in the militia bill because some people were complaining that it was too onerous, an argument that echoes complaints from critics of the new health-care law. The proposal was defeated 6 to 50. The vote among framers was 1 to 6.
It should also be noted that the president who signed the first two of these laws was our Founding Father-in-Chief, George Washington.
Elhauge, in an e-mail, stood by his characterization that the first Congress was "packed" with framers, saying, "20 framers sounds pretty packed to me. There were only 55 delegates who attended the Constitutional Convention, so 20 is around 40 percent of all the framers present in that Congress."
We disagree. The issue is not how many framers went to Congress, but how many members of Congress were framers. And you can't pack a meeting when you only account for 22 percent of the representatives.
More importantly, he said, "I don't think anyone objected to any of these laws on constitutional grounds, which presumably someone would have if it was obvious that the original understanding was that such an obligation would be unconstitutional."
Our ruling
Harvard Law professor Einer Elhauge said that early Congresses, particularly the first Congress, had no qualms about forcing purchases.
Our research confirmed that. Congress required merchant ship owners to purchase medicines or provide health care for their workers. Seamen were later taxed to pay for what might be regarded today as an 18th-century health maintenance organization to provide for hospital care. And most able-bodied men were required to purchase weaponry for their service in the militia.
Although he correctly characterized the laws, to say that the framers of the Constitution "packed" that first Congress is too much of a stretch. "Packed" means at least a majority; 22 percent is not a majority.
For that reason, we rule his statement Mostly True.
(An earlier version of this item incorrectly reported that Washington signed all three bills. John Adams, a founding father who was not a framer because he was in Europe when the U.S. Constitution was written, signed the 1798 legislation.)
(Get updates from PolitiFactRI on Twitter. To comment, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Published: Friday, January 13th, 2012 at 12:01 a.m.
Researched by: C. Eugene Emery Jr.
Edited by: Tim Murphy
Subjects: Congress, Government regulation, Health Care, History, Supreme Court
NEJM.org, "The Irrelevance of the Broccoli Argument against the Insurance Mandate," Jan. 5, 2012, accessed Jan. 5, 2012
Emails, Einer Elhauge, professor, Harvard Law School, Jan. 5 and 11, 2012
USConstitution.net, "Data on the Framers of the Constitution," accessed Jan. 5, 2012
Wikipedia.org, "1st United States Congress," "2nd United States Congress," "5th United States Congress," accessed Jan. 9, 2012
The following sources are from the Library of Congress (LOC.gov) website "A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774-1875."
Statutes at Large, 1st Congress, 2nd Session, Page 134, "An Act for the government and regulation of seamen in the merchants service," Section 8 mandates free medical care, accessed Jan. 10, 2012; Statutes at Large, 5th Congress, 2nd Session, Page 605, "An Act for the relief of sick and disabled Seamen (a)" requires that money be collected for their hospital care, accessed Jan. 10, 2012; Statutes at Large, 2nd Congress, 1st Session, "An Act more effectually to provide for the National Defence by establishing an Uniform Militia throughout the United States.(a)," Section 1 outlines what members must "provide himself," all accessed Jan. 10, 2012
House Journal -- Tuesday, March 6, 1792, accessed Jan. 11, 2012
Journal of the Senate of the United States of America, Volume 1, March 29, 1792, Page 417, accessed Jan. 11, 2012
Annals of Congress, House of Representatives, 2nd Congress, 2nd Session, Nov. 21, 1792, page 708, accessed Jan. 11, 2012
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text:
Andijohn Gillett1
Andijohn Gillett married Theodosia Utter.1
Child of Andijohn Gillett and Theodosia Utter
Esther Amelia Gillett+1 b. 3 Mar 1831, d. 20 Feb 1903
[S518] Ruth Holcombe Stevens by way of Rose Wolford, "James and Olive Holcombe," e-mail to James H. Holcombe, 26 May 2004.
Theodosia Utter1
Theodosia Utter married Andijohn Gillett.1
Child of Theodosia Utter and Andijohn Gillett
Simon Cobb1
b. April 1847
Simon Cobb was born in April 1847 at VT.1,2 He married Theadocia Holcombe, daughter of Linus Noble Holcombe and Esther Amelia Gillett.1
Children of Simon Cobb and Theadocia Holcombe
George Cobb3 b. c 1872
Ernest Cobb3 b. c 1874
George Cobb1
George Cobb was born circa 1872 at VT.1 He was the son of Simon Cobb and Theadocia Holcombe.1
Ernest Cobb1
Ernest Cobb was born circa 1874 at NY.1 He was the son of Simon Cobb and Theadocia Holcombe.1
Lewis Fowler1
Lewis Fowler was born circa 1823 at CT.1,2 He married Esther Holcombe, daughter of James Holcombe and Olive Noble, on 10 January 1851.1
Children of Lewis Fowler and Esther Holcombe
Olive Fowler1 b. 1851
Eva Fowler1 b. 1 Nov 1854
Lewis Augustus Fowler Jr.1 b. 29 Apr 1857, d. 28 Sep 1915
George Fowler1 b. 5 Apr 1859
Harriet Fowler1 b. Feb 1861
Esther Fowler1 b. Sep 1865
Joanna Fowler1 b. 1868
Laura Fowler1 b. Jan 1871
Elma Elizabeth Fowler1 b. 16 Nov 1873
Edmund Reed Fowler1 b. Jul 1876
Olive Fowler1
Olive Fowler was born in 1851 at NY.1,2 She was the daughter of Lewis Fowler and Esther Holcombe.1
Eva Fowler1
b. 1 November 1854
Eva Fowler was born on 1 November 1854 at Amboy, Lee Co., IL.1 She was the daughter of Lewis Fowler and Esther Holcombe.1
Lewis Augustus Fowler Jr.1
b. 29 April 1857, d. 28 September 1915
Lewis Augustus Fowler Jr. was born on 29 April 1857 at Minonk, Woodford Co., IL.1 He was the son of Lewis Fowler and Esther Holcombe.1 Lewis Augustus Fowler Jr. married Harriet Henrietta Brill in December 1878 at Lamoni, Decatur Co., IA.1 Lewis Augustus Fowler Jr. died on 28 September 1915 at Kansas City, Jackson Co., MO, at age 58.1
Harriet Henrietta Brill1
Harriet Henrietta Brill married Lewis Augustus Fowler Jr., son of Lewis Fowler and Esther Holcombe, in December 1878 at Lamoni, Decatur Co., IA.1
George Fowler1
b. 5 April 1859
George Fowler was born on 5 April 1859 at IL.1 He was the son of Lewis Fowler and Esther Holcombe.1
George and Mary E. were enumerated in the 1900 Lamoni, Tayette Twp., Decatur Co., IA, federal census. He was a stone mason, age 40, she was 38. Children in the household were George W. 18, and Andrew 12.
Harriet Fowler1
b. February 1861
Harriet Fowler was born in February 1861 at IL.1 She was the daughter of Lewis Fowler and Esther Holcombe.1
Esther Fowler1
Esther Fowler was born in September 1865.1 She was the daughter of Lewis Fowler and Esther Holcombe.1
Joanna Fowler1
Joanna Fowler was born in 1868 at IL.1 She was the daughter of Lewis Fowler and Esther Holcombe.1
Laura Fowler1
b. January 1871
Laura Fowler was born in January 1871.1 She was the daughter of Lewis Fowler and Esther Holcombe.1
Elma Elizabeth Fowler1
b. 16 November 1873
Elma Elizabeth Fowler was born on 16 November 1873.1 She was the daughter of Lewis Fowler and Esther Holcombe.1
Edmund Reed Fowler1
b. July 1876
Edmund Reed Fowler was born in July 1876.1 He was the son of Lewis Fowler and Esther Holcombe.1
Edmond R. and Nelllie M. were enumerated in the 1900 Lamoni, Fayette Twp., Decatur Co., IA, federal census. He was a stone mason agae 23, she was 19. The only child in the household was Harry E. 1. There had apparently been another birth but the child did not survive.
It is only assumed that this is the same Edmund as in the information provided by Ruth Holcombe Stevens. Edmund and his brother George are enumerated on successive pages in the census and both are stone masons. The date of birth for Edmond does not match Ruth's but that would not be unusual.
Cynthia Holcombe1
b. 1833, d. 1 March 1875
Cynthia Holcombe was born in 1833 at Granville, Washington Co., NY.1 She was the daughter of James Holcombe and Olive Noble.1 Cynthia Holcombe married Roswell Shattuck. Cynthia Holcombe died on 1 March 1875 at Dresden, Washington Co., NY.1
Roswell and Cynthia were enumerated in the 1850 Dresden, Washington Co., NY, federal census. He was a farmer age 24, she was 17. They were enumerated in the household of Luther and Mercy Carter. There were no children.
Roswell and Cynthia "Shadock" were enumerated in the 1869 Dresden, Washington Co., NY, federal census. He was a farmer age 33, she was 27. Children in the household were George 8, and Mercy 5.
Roswell and Cynthia were enumerated in the 1870 Dresden, Washington Co., NY, federal census. He was a farmer age 42, she was 37. Children in the household were Edward 12, Luther, 9, and Rebecca. They were again enumerated in the household of Luther and Mercy Carter.
Children of Cynthia Holcombe and Roswell Shattuck
George Shattuck1 b. 1852
Mercy Shattuck1 b. 1854
Edward Shattuck1 b. 1857
Luther Shattuck1 b. 1861, d. 1942
Rebecca Shattuck1 b. 1863
John Shattuck1 b. 1867
Roswell Shattuck
Roswell Shattuck was born circa 1826 at NY. He married Cynthia Holcombe, daughter of James Holcombe and Olive Noble.
Children of Roswell Shattuck and Cynthia Holcombe
George Shattuck1
George Shattuck was born in 1852 at Dresden, Washington Co., NY.1 He was the son of Roswell Shattuck and Cynthia Holcombe.1
Luther Shattuck1
Luther Shattuck was born in 1861 at Dresden, Washington Co., NY.1 He was the son of Roswell Shattuck and Cynthia Holcombe.1 Luther Shattuck died in 1942 at Dresden, Washington Co., NY.1
Luther was enumerated in the 1880 Dresden, Washington Co., NY, federal census. He was a snigle laborer age 20, enumerated in the household of George L. Clemons.
Luther was enumerated in the 1930 Dresden, Washington Co., NY, federal census. He was enumerated in the household of Annabella Clemons, age 70.
Mercy Shattuck1
Mercy Shattuck was born in 1854 at Washington Co., NY.1 She was the daughter of Roswell Shattuck and Cynthia Holcombe.1
Edward Shattuck1
Edward Shattuck was born in 1857.1 He was the son of Roswell Shattuck and Cynthia Holcombe.1
Rebecca Shattuck1
Rebecca Shattuck was born in 1863.1 She was the daughter of Roswell Shattuck and Cynthia Holcombe.1
John Shattuck1
John Shattuck was born in 1867.1 He was the son of Roswell Shattuck and Cynthia Holcombe.1
Caroline Amelia Wade1
Caroline Amelia Wade was born circa 1845 at NY.2 She married Levi L. Holcombe, son of Levi Holcombe and Susanne Jane Wiley, on 22 September 1864 at Granville, Washington Co., NY.1
Children of Caroline Amelia Wade and Levi L. Holcombe
William Henry Holcombe+1 b. 19 Dec 1865, d. 23 Mar 1943
Flora A. Holcombe1 b. 1867
Olive A. Holcombe1 b. 1869
Ella M. Holcombe b. 1872
Bert Holcombe1 b. 1874
Edward Lewis Holcombe+2 b. 1875
John Franklin Holcombe+3 b. 16 Jul 1886
Charles Holcombe1
Charles Holcombe was born circa 1871 at NY.1 He was the son of Robert S. Holcombe and Caroline Lackore.1
Adrian W. Holcombe1
Adrian W. Holcombe was born circa 1873 at NY.1 He was the son of Robert S. Holcombe and Caroline Lackore.1
Aseneth Holcombe1
Aseneth Holcombe was born circa 1875 at NY.1 She was the daughter of Robert S. Holcombe and Caroline Lackore.1
William Henry Holcombe1
b. 19 December 1865, d. 23 March 1943
William Henry Holcombe was born on 19 December 1865 at Hatch Hill, Renssalaer Co., NY.1,2 He was the son of Levi L. Holcombe and Caroline Amelia Wade.1 William Henry Holcombe married Rose Laura Wyman on 3 November 1892 at Mechanicsville, Mt. Holly, Rutland Co., VT. William Henry Holcombe died on 23 March 1943 at San Bernardino, San Bernardino Co., CA, at age 77.
Child of William Henry Holcombe and Rose Laura Wyman
Levi William Holcombe+ b. 17 Aug 1898, d. 22 Jan 1971
Flora A. Holcombe1,2
Flora A. Holcombe was born in 1867 at VT.1 She was the daughter of Levi L. Holcombe and Caroline Amelia Wade.1
Olive A. Holcombe1,2
Olive A. Holcombe was born in 1869 at VT.1 She was the daughter of Levi L. Holcombe and Caroline Amelia Wade.1
Ella M. Holcombe1,2
Ella M. Holcombe was born in 1872 at VT. She was the daughter of Levi L. Holcombe and Caroline Amelia Wade.
Bert Holcombe1
Bert Holcombe was born in 1874 at VT.1 He was the son of Levi L. Holcombe and Caroline Amelia Wade.1
Edward Lewis Holcombe1
Edward Lewis Holcombe was born in 1875 at VT.1 He was the son of Levi L. Holcombe and Caroline Amelia Wade.1 Edward Lewis Holcombe married Cora Agnes Monroe.2
Edward and Cora were enumerated in the 1910 Mount Holly, Rutland Co., VT, federal census. He was in the household of his father, Levi. His family consisted of wife Cora, and children Orville, and Gilbert H. 4.
Edward L. and Cora A. were enumerated in the 1920 Mount Holly, Rutland Co., VT, federal census. He was a dairy farmer age 44, she was 35. Children in the household were Orville O. 15, Gilbert H. 14, and Florence A. 1 year 11 months. Also in the household was mother Carrie 73.
Edward L. and Cora were enumerated in the 1930 Peru, Bennington Co., VT, federal census. He was a farmer, age 54, she was 43. The only child in the household was Florence A. 12. Orville was enumerated nearby. Gilbert was elsewhere in the county.
Edward and Cora were again enumerated in Peru in the 1940 Federal census; He was 64, she was 54; Orvill O. and Florence A. were also in the household as was grandson William L., 5.
Children of Edward Lewis Holcombe and Cora Agnes Monroe
Orville O. Holcombe3 b. 5 Apr 1904, d. Feb 1974
Gilbert Henry Holcombe+4 b. 18 Nov 1905, d. 4 May 1956
John Franklin Holcombe1
b. 16 July 1886
John Franklin Holcombe was born on 16 July 1886 at Mount Holly, VT.1,2 He was the son of Levi L. Holcombe and Caroline Amelia Wade.1 John Franklin Holcombe married Effie V. Stewart, daughter of Reed C. Stewart and Avis May Holcombe, circa 1915.3
John registered for the WWII draft while living at Commonwealth Ave, Windosr Co., VT. He worked at a woolen co. and listed Mrs. Effie V. Holcombe as his closest relative.
[S596] Ancestry.com.
Cora Agnes Monroe1
Cora Agnes Monroe was born circa 1884 at VT.1,2 She married Edward Lewis Holcombe, son of Levi L. Holcombe and Caroline Amelia Wade.1
Children of Cora Agnes Monroe and Edward Lewis Holcombe
Gilbert Henry Holcombe+ b. 18 Nov 1905, d. 4 May 1956
Orville O. Holcombe1
b. 5 April 1904, d. February 1974
Orville O. Holcombe was born on 5 April 1904 at VT.1,2 He was the son of Edward Lewis Holcombe and Cora Agnes Monroe.1 Orville O. Holcombe died in February 1974 at Peru, Bennington Co., VT, at age 69.2
[S182] Social Security Death Index (on-line), Ancestry.com, SSDI, Ancestry.com, SSAN 008-16-1414.
Gilbert Henry Holcombe
b. 18 November 1905, d. 4 May 1956
Gilbert Henry Holcombe was born on 18 November 1905 at Mount Holly, Rutland Co., VT.1 He was the son of Edward Lewis Holcombe and Cora Agnes Monroe.1 Gilbert Henry Holcombe married Evylene Louise Langlois in 1927 at Bennington, Bennington Co., VT. Gilbert Henry Holcombe died on 4 May 1956 at Cambridge, Washington Co., NY, at age 50. He was buried on 7 May 1956 at Woodlands Cemetery, Cambridge, Washington Co., NY.2
Child of Gilbert Henry Holcombe and Evylene Louise Langlois
Louis Henry Holcombe b. 10 Aug 1928, d. 29 Jan 2016
[S888] Find A Grave Memorial; memorial page for Gilbert Henry Holcomb (18 Nov 1905–4 May 1956). Memorial no. 197467486, database and images: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/197467486, accessed 16 December 2021, citing Woodlands Cemetery, Cambridge, Washington County, New York, USA; Maintained by: Nancy D (contributor 46812519).
Charlotte A. Stone1
b. 11 April 1841, d. 5 February 1875
Charlotte A. Stone was born on 11 April 1841.1 She married Charles John Holcombe, son of Levi Holcombe and Susanne Jane Wiley, circa 1861.1 Charlotte A. Stone died on 5 February 1875 at age 33. She was buried at Clemons Cemetery, Clemons, Washington Co., NY.2
Children of Charlotte A. Stone and Charles John Holcombe
Lucy A. Holcombe1 b. 30 Sep 1864, d. 1958
Charles H. Holcombe1 b. c 1865, d. 1944
Oliver S. Holcombe1 b. 11 May 1870, d. 1 Aug 1876
Franklin C. Holcombe1 b. 23 Nov 1871, d. 20 Mar 1897
[S807] Find A Grave, online http://www.findagrave.com, Find A Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com : accessed 10 June 2019), memorial page for Charlott A Stone Holcomb (11 Apr 1841–5 Feb 1875), Find A Grave Memorial no. 160039196, citing Clemons Cemetery, Clemons, Washington County, New York, USA ; Maintained by Kathy Jennings Brown (contributor 47272624) .
Lucy A. Holcombe1
b. 30 September 1864, d. 1958
Lucy A. Holcombe was born on 30 September 1864 at Wallingford, Rutland Co., VT.1 She was the daughter of Charles John Holcombe and Charlotte A. Stone.1 Lucy A. Holcombe died in 1958 at Washington Co., NY. She was buried at Clemons Cemetery, Clemons, Washington Co., NY.2
[S807] Find A Grave, online http://www.findagrave.com, Find A Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com : accessed 10 June 2019), memorial page for Lucy A. Holcomb Barber (1864–1958), Find A Grave Memorial no. 156390360, citing Clemons Cemetery, Clemons, Washington County, New York, USA ; Maintained by Jonathan Laing (contributor 46564844) .
Charles H. Holcombe1
b. circa 1865, d. 1944
Charles H. Holcombe was born circa 1865 at VT.1 He was the son of Charles John Holcombe and Charlotte A. Stone.1 Charles H. Holcombe died in 1944. He was buried at Clemons Cemetery, Clemons, Washington Co., NY.2
[S807] Find A Grave, online http://www.findagrave.com, Find A Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com : accessed 10 June 2019), memorial page for Charles H Holcomb (1865–1944), Find A Grave Memorial no. 160024148, citing Clemons Cemetery, Clemons, Washington County, New York, USA ; Maintained by Kathy Jennings Brown (contributor 47272624) .
Oliver S. Holcombe1
b. 11 May 1870, d. 1 August 1876
Oliver S. Holcombe was born on 11 May 1870 at Dresden, Washington Co., NY.1 He was the son of Charles John Holcombe and Charlotte A. Stone.1 Oliver S. Holcombe died on 1 August 1876 at Dresden, Washington Co., NY, at age 6.1
Franklin C. Holcombe1
b. 23 November 1871, d. 20 March 1897
Franklin C. Holcombe was born on 23 November 1871 at VT.1 He was the son of Charles John Holcombe and Charlotte A. Stone.1 Franklin C. Holcombe died on 20 March 1897 at Dresden, Washington Co., NY, at age 25.1 He was buried at Clemons Cemetery, Clemons, Washington Co., NY.2
[S807] Find A Grave, online http://www.findagrave.com, Find A Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com : accessed 10 June 2019), memorial page for Franklin J Holcomb (23 Nov 1871–20 Mar 1897), Find A Grave Memorial no. 160024339, citing Clemons Cemetery, Clemons, Washington County, New York, USA ; Maintained by Kathy Jennings Brown (contributor 47272624) .
Hermine B. Holcombe1
b. October 1888
Hermine B. Holcombe was born in October 1888 at NY.1,2 She was the daughter of William Holcombe and Lovanchia Gregory.1 Hermine B. Holcombe married Harry H. Rodgers circa 1910.1
Harry H. Rodgers1
Harry H. Rodgers was born circa 1886 at NY.1 He married Hermine B. Holcombe, daughter of William Holcombe and Lovanchia Gregory, circa 1910.1
Ida Loomis1
Ida Loomis was born circa 1877 at NY.1 She married Henry D. Holcombe, son of Linus P. Holcombe and Sarah Jennett Sweet.1


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The new round of LeftCoast Express is now open for applications. The application deadline for LeftCoast Express round 6 is 10am on Monday 22nd October. Shortlisted applicants should be available for interview on Tuesday 6 November 2018.
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The purpose of LeftCoast Express is to give individuals the opportunity to identify gaps in their knowledge or experience and increase their skills and understanding of the sector. It aims to build capacity among arts professionals in Blackpool and Wyre and help them to develop their organisations, set up and run new projects and support others in the process.
LeftCoast is passionate about strengthening arts and cultural provision to help it become more sustainable and to be a key player in Blackpool and Wyre.
We strongly recommend that interested applicants talk through their application with Alexis Johnson, LeftCoast's Creative Development Manager before you apply – regular surgery slots are available to book HERE, or contact Alexis directly to arrange a chat (via kay.trayford@leftcoast.org.uk). You are much more likely to be successful in an application if you have been able to talk over your ideas with our team in advance.
More information and a list of current and previous successful applicants can be found on our EXPRESS page.


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Retrospective: The march from Selma to Montgomery
Kalani Gordon 0 Comment From the Vault, Nation, Retrospective
In 1965, Martin Luther King Jr. led several attempts to march from Selma to Montgomery as part of the Selma Voting Rights Movement. The protesters encountered violent opposition from authorities and segregationists. But with federal backing, the demonstrators successfully made the four-day walk, a 50-mile stretch. That year, Congress passed the Voting Rights Act, which gave African-Americans the right to vote.
Using the style and language of journalists of the era, including a reference to blacks as "Negroes," AP reporters captured the tension of the marches.
Fifty years after its original publication, The AP is making available excerpts from a series of stories about the marches' progress.
Items left behind: Malaysia Airlines Flight 370
Emma Patti Harris 0 Comment World
Sunday, March 8 marks the one-year anniversary of the mysterious disappearance of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370. Without evidence that the plane crashed, it's hard for family members to begin grieving and start to find closure, psychologists say. In the meanwhile, the grief, hope, anger — all the emotions they feel — are often wrapped up in the things the missing left behind — their clothes, their rooms, the smallest things.
"I'm not going to change or move anything, just let it be the way it is," Lee Khim Fatt said of a wardrobe filled with his wife's uniforms and other belongings. "I believe she will come home, and things will be just how it was before." Lee's wife, Foong Wai Yueng, 40, was a stewardess aboard the flight, which went off course and vanished March 8, 2014, on its way from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing.
Reporting by Joshua Paul, The Associated Press
Coal mine explosion rescue, Purim, ACC women's tournament | March 5
Quinn Kelley 0 Comment Daily Brief ACC, basketball, Brooklyn, coal mine explosion, Holi, Iran, Kim Kardashian, Purim, Ukraine
The day in photos from around the world.
The foxhound pack and the Atherstone 200th anniversary hunt
Kalani Gordon 0 Comment The Baltimore Sun
The historical Atherstone Hunt celebrated its bicentenary with today's hunt starting from Bosworth. The hunt continues its tradition with members paying a subscription and has 400 square miles of fox hunting ground within Warwickshire, Leicestershire and Staffordshire. Photos by Christopher Furlong, Getty Images.
Pakistan religious schools in spotlight
Kalani Gordon 0 Comment World
Sitting on the ground, the students sway back and forth, deep in thought as they read Islam's holy book, the Quran. Their white skull caps signify that they are students at one of the tens of thousands of religious schools across the country that have become embroiled in a debate about where militancy comes from.
From the Vault: Building the Baltimore Beltway
Emma Patti Harris 0 Comment From the Vault, The Baltimore Sun Baltimore Beltway, beltway, From the Vault, interchange, transportation
After 10 years of construction and $68 million spent, the Baltimore Beltway opened on July 1, 1962. At the time, its 32.8 toll-free miles made it the biggest urban highway project every undertaken by the State Roads Commission.
Volcanic eruptions, boots for pooches, Paris Fashion Week continues| March 4
Kalani Gordon 0 Comment Daily Brief, World
Mine explosion in Ukraine: 32 missing, 17 dead
Kalani Gordon 0 Comment World accident, Donetsk, Donetsk People's Republic, mining
A methane explosion ripped through a coal mine before dawn Wednesday in war-torn eastern Ukraine, killing at least 17 workers, officials said.
Miners arriving for work were enlisted to assist with what started as a rescue mission, but gradually became an operation to retrieve a mounting number of dead. That effort was hampered by limited access to the deep subterranean network.
Inside a Ukraine airport destroyed by a year of war | An Eastern Ukrainian village in ruins
Goblin shark in Australia, 18-foot oarfish and other odd fish
Matt Bracken 0 Comment Nation, The Baltimore Sun, Travel fish, goblin shark, nature, oarfish
A goblin shark, a rare sea creature described as an 'alien of the deep' is found off Australia and delivered to the Australian Museum in Sydney on March 3, 2015. In May 2014, shrimpers fishing in the Gulf of Mexico pulled up an incredibly rare, almost prehistoric-looking goblin shark. Earlier, an 18-foot oarfish was found off Catalina Island in California. Here's a look at the goblin shark, oarfish and other big and/or odd-looking fish.
Indian festival of colors, Chile volcano, Netanyahu on Capitol Hill | March 3
Steve Earley 0 Comment Daily Brief Cambodia, Chile, China, cricket, fire, fires, fishing, Hockey, India, Israel, Korea, Russia, Spain, technology, volcano, volcanoes, Washington
« 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9


Is a Brand Identity important for associations? What exactly is a Brand Identity? Can a Brand Identity be explained? These questions are critical to ask yourself. If you can't accurately define it, aren't sure how to explain it, but are pretty sure it might be important, could you even come up with Brand Identity for your organization?
Yes. As a matter of fact, you're probably further along in the process than you realize. It's just a matter of analyzing what elements are already in place and what is needed to complement those items.
Good, you're already on your way to making sure you have an established brand. The logo is a critical component. It is the foundation of a brand and gives a visual of your organization's identity.
But what about the rest? What exactly is brand identity?
-What are the benefits, features, and unique aspects of your association's products or services?
-What do your members and prospective members already think of your association?
-What qualities do you want them to associate with your association?
Don't be intimidated. It's really not as complicated as it sounds. Be honest with your answers. Authenticity is key in reaching your target market. Your members' core values and goals should be at the forefront of your effort (for both this exercise and your overall mission, right?).
So, where do you go from here? You've successfully defined your brand, the next step is to capture that definition with a brand identity.
A brand identity should communicate your association's promise, look, attributes, and personality. Yes, even personality. Business may be the name of the game, but don't forget that businesses are made up of people and people inherently operate on an emotional level.
Your brand stands for what you are. It should represent the sum of all of your marketing efforts.
Remember, your association's brand will be frequently communicated in multiple arenas. Consistency is key. Defining brand identity creates the foundation for the rest of your marketing and brand strategy.
There's a challenge in defining your association's identity. It's easy to emulate what others have done, and that's always a safe bet. It worked for them. But, that's them. Remember, personality and authenticity are key. You may think your target market is very similar to theirs, and that could be true. But similar is still different. The differences may be subtle, but they are unique. Your association's brand should be unique, too. Don't be afraid to forge your own path.


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2023: Stakeholders task electorate on social protection initiatives
Afonne Emmanuel December 9, 2022 3 min read
National Technical Committee, National Social Protection Forum
By Angela Atabo
Stakeholders in the social protection sector, have tasked the electorate to demand for social protection initiatives from politicians during their electioneering campaigns for 2023 general election.
They said this at the inauguration of the Social Protection Electoral Advocacy Campaign organised by the National Social Protection Forum (NSPF) in Abuja on Thursday.
Dr Taiwo Benson, Chairman, National Technical Committee, National Social Protection Forum, said the call became imperative to improve the living standards of citizens and tackle poverty.
Benson also called on politicians to prioritise social protection plans to improve the living standard of citizens as the nation headed for election.
He added that there was need for politicians to ensure that every Nigerian was empowered to live a life of dignity.
"The coalition will implement several initiatives including media campaigns, community outreaches, town halls, policy dialogues and individual engagements to achieve its objectives.
"As a result, the coalition in collaboration with stakeholders is launching the social protection to end poverty campaign (#SP2EP2023).
"The campaign is geared towards ensuring that electoral candidates and their parties understand the importance of social protection in lifting millions of Nigerians out of poverty.
"The campaign is also aimed at mobilising the electorates to use their votes to demand for increased coverage of social protection initiatives across the country," he said.
Benson said that the coalition would put in place measures to hold elected candidates and their parties accountable to the commitment made during campaigns.
This, he said, was to ensure these engagements translated into meaningful impacts in the lives of poor and vulnerable Nigerians.
He said that poverty eradication required collective efforts of governments at all levels, citizens, development partners, international community and civil society organisations to drive progress.
"This need underscores why the Coalition of Social Protection Civil Society Organisations and Partners is organising the National Dialogue on the Poverty Situation in Nigeria," he said.
He said multidimensional poverty index report revealed that regardless of the spirited efforts of the government and other stakeholders to eradicate poverty, it was on the increase.
He said this showed that it would really take a collective effort to tackle and using the 2023 election to draw the attention of politicians to it was a great way to go.
Mr Amanuel Mamo, Director of Advocacy, Campaigns, Communication and Media, Save the Children International Nigeria, said according to a recent report by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), 82.9 million Nigerians were considered poor by national standards.
"In a country richly blessed with human and natural resources, this is simply unacceptable.
"No Nigerian should have to go without food, no Nigerian child should be out of school because their parents are poor and cannot afford to send them to school.
"No woman should die needlessly due to childbirth because they are too poor to afford basic health care, no persons with disability should live without access to basic services.
"Addressing these issues needs to be treated as a matter of urgency and it requires an innovative approaches, an out of the box thinking that will ensure that all Nigerians, especially children, irrespective of age and social status are able to live a life of dignity," he said.
Mamo said Save the Children International worked in 17 states in Nigeria, with offices in 14 states while they implement programmes through and partners.
He added that Save the Children has been supporting for the past three years through the Expanding Social Protection for Inclusive Development (ESPID) project.
He said that ESPID project was funded through support from the UK Government and part of its objectives was to support federal and state governments to strengthen social protection system in Nigeria and strengthen civil society to advocate for improved social protection services.
"I strongly believe that if stakeholders and policy makers can come together regularly to discuss identified challenges and have a common national development agenda I believe change is possible, poverty eradication is possible," he said. (NAN)(nannews,ng)
Afonne Emmanuel
Tags: 2023 General election NSPF Social protection
Previous: FG to provide enabling environment for private investors in power
Next: NEMSA disconnects 5,000 structures under power lines
Sanwo-Olu, Amao, others bag Asian-African leadership awards
NGO takes Nigeria's out-of-school campaign to England
NGO trains 5,000 people on data privacy


Happy fall semester! Groups should have received their table assignments by now. Attached is a map of SAC Fair tables and here are the table number assignments.
Older PostActivities Fair Registration Now Open!


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A Forest Garden is a planting which mimics an immature woodland, in which everything is edible or useful. Plants are grown using every available space - under the ground, on the ground, as bushes, trees and climbers. It requires minimal maintenance once established as all the plants are perennials or self seed easily and the ground is permenantly covered.
We hope these pages give a good idea of how our Forest Garden has evolved and if you'd like to know more, we run a one day Introduction to Edible Forest Gardening course at various times of the year. We also welcome group visitors for prearranged visits, and individuals are welcome to come on our workdays or spend more time with us on our WWOOF weeks .
We decided to plant a Forest Garden because the idea of lots of food with minimal work appealed! We knew that setting up the Forest Garden would take quite a lot of time, effort and money, but once it was established we were hopeful that it would be a highly productive space requiring little intervention from us. We had a five year plan, to plant the area we had allocated (about 2 acres) in 5 phases, with the main planting of trees and bushes over the winter. Ground cover and other plants would be put in as and when we had them, with the aim of filling each phase as soon as possible. And in general, that is what has happened. We have had a tremendous amount of volunteer help, without which the Forest Garden wouldn't be what it is today - a big thank you to everyone who has helped in any way.
Here, we share the timeline, photos and experiences (good and bad) of the Forest Garden, from the first planting up to date. There are links to lots more photos at the bottom of the page.
The field had been set aside for 5 years and the grass cut twice a year. The big green field to the right of the arial photo is our field and the area we earmarked for the forest garden is the top left had corner of this field. The first planting was a shelter belt along the bare field edge. A temporary rabbit fence was erected around phase 1.
Planting started in the Forest Garden in winter 2004/5, with fruit trees and fruit bushes being planted. Over the next few months, herbs and ground cover plants such as strawberries were planted. The ground was mulched with cardboard and covered with manure, fermenting cattle fodder (sweetcorn) and straw. We harvested some soft fruit and leaves.
Phase 2 was planted in winter 2005/6, with more fruit trees and bushes being planted and mulched with cardboard, carpet, wood chippings and straw. Many volunteers helped with the planting and mulching. Planting continued in phase 1 and the area was filled with plants, giving a good harvest of berries, herbs and salad crops.
Phase 3 was planted in December 2006 as part of The Tree Council's National Tree Week. The Farm received a grant from the Tree Council which enabled another 30 trees to be planted and 33 volunteers helped the planting this time. The ground was mulched with cardboard, manure and straw. A small amount of planting was done in phase 2 during 2007. Phase 1 gave a hefty harvest, particularly of strawberries (1/4 of a ton) and some of the apple and pear trees fruited.
Phase 4 was planted in winter 2007/8, so about 2/3rds of the 1.5 acre area has fruit trees planted. Planting the understory and ground cover continued in phases 2 and 3 with the strawberries running, raspberries spreading and herbs self seeding. Cuttings were taken from the now established bushes from phase 1 and 2 and stuck through holes cut in to the carpet in phase 3. At the end of summer, the majority had rooted and were putting on new growth. The paths are becoming a 'nursery' for self seeded plants and runners, which are removed and replanted in other areas. Yields were now at a point of being enough to share with others.
At this point, we decided two things - that we had mature enough fruit trees in order to graft onto rootstocks to plant up phase 5 and we didn't need the full 2 acres as Forest Garden as there was so much produce coming from what was planted already we didn't need any more!. So, no new tree planting was done over winter 2008/9 and we decided to have a wildlife area in the middle of the Forest Garden. Planting the other 'layers' of the Forest Garden continued in the other phases to fill gaps and get the ground covered. We also continued mulching new areas with carpet, manure and straw in preparation for the next planting. Yields of soft and hard fruit were now substantial and we gave away quite a lot.
Winter of 2009/10 brought heavy snow, which banked against the rabbit fencing and the rabbits got over the fence and ring barked the grafted trees. We therefore had to wait another year to see if any had survived, so again no tree planting. Another small area was mulched and the area mulched the previous year was planted with fruit bushes, leafy greens, herbs and ground cover. Phase 1 and 2, which were mulched with cardboard not carpet, have been over-run with couch grass and there are many dock and nettle patches, meaning yeilds from the ground cover are vastly reduced. However, top fruit and berries from bushes continues to increase. Yields were now sufficient for Rachel to start Old Sleningford Preserves, and still have enough to share with others.
Only 4 out of the 50 grafts we did survived, but about 35 of the rootstocks did and could be grafted on to again. However, due to other commitments, we didn't manage to get any grafting done in winter 2010/2011. Instead, we concentrated on mulching another area and keeping on top of the maintenance in the other phases, something we had neglected over the past year (mistake!). This has meant re-mulching some areas and other areas where weeds encroached smothering some of the plants. Lots of herb plants raised from seed, but the weather was too dry to plant until winter. Yields now mean we have 3 workdays in the year dedicated to picking the fruit (strawberries and rasps July, blackcurrants August and Apples October).
Winter 2011/2012 saw the last area of the forest garden being mulched and the grafting being done. The rootstocks were large enough to be planted directly into the Forest Garden rather than a nursey bed. The rootstocks for plums and gages need to be bud grafted in the summer, so these will go into the patch we have just mulched, and that will complete the 'structure' planting i.e. the trees. Herb plants and propogated fruit bushes planted in the area mulched last year and spaces in previous areas filled.


Microsoft made an announcement of making Office 365 a robust platform for developers to create great solution.
Read this post and know what new scenarios it contains that helps them to create contextual solutions.
This time, Microsoft is trying to bring Cloud, enterprise social, Big Data, machine learning and mobile capabilities together through its Office 365 platform. Jeff Teper, the vice-president of Microsoft, displayed the latest innovations in a keynote speech regarding ten thousand customers and partners at its SharePoint conference.
Furthermore, Teper also sketched the platform that designed at the end users, IT professionals and the developer community. A new "personalised" experience integrating social capabilities is launched by the company for the end-users throughout Office 365. Such integrating social capabilities are helpful for those users, who are seeking for finding fast information or searching other working on same projects so that, they can have more time to get their other work done.
Users can achieve such things through Office Graph, which is a new Office 365 intelligence fabric that invisible for users, however, constantly examining content, interactions, and activity streams to intelligently interact with the most relevant users. It also has Oslo, which is an application that used for personal interactions and machine learning for providing examples of some the most relevant, timely information for each individual that uses Office 365 across Exchange, Lync, SharePoint, Yammer and Office.
Groups is another feature available that tries to unify people, calendars, conversations, emails and files across the Office 365 suite and enable a collaboration experience across applications. In addition, if you want to experience social conversations inside documents stored in SharePoint Online and OneDrive then you have Inline Social.
Other than this, Office 365 Video Portal also delivers a portal that supports the upload, storage and discovery of videos in the safest manner. With this, businesses can easily categorize videos into channels for specific business requirements and streams it on their smart devices with the video compression, optimization and rendering that done by Office 365.
Having over 3.4 million Office and SharePoint developers, Microsoft also announced investments that aimed at enabling customers and partners to create contextual output solutions across PCs, mobile devices and browsers. This includes Office 365 SDKs release for Windows 8 and Android that helps developers to create solutions that powered by Office 365, New APIs for files, people, email, calendar and tasks, enhancements to Office 365 APIs for PowerPoint and Outlook, and the ability to seamless activate app information.
Users can also find the tools that deliver the latest capabilities that improve Office 365 security and privacy help protect organizations. Data-loss prevention, OneDrive for Business, easy SharePoint social transition, etc. is also added to Yammer. It is also stated by Microsoft that this makes simpler for IT pros to put back the out-of-the-box SharePoint Server 2013 social experience with Yammer.


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Залі́зний паву́к () — вигаданий бойовий екзоскелет із всесвіту коміксів американського видавництва Marvel Comics. Спершу ним користувався супергерой Людина-павук (Пітер Паркер) та був розроблений Залізною людиною. Дебютував у The Amazing Spider-Man #529 у березні 2006 року. Згодом костюмом володіли й інші персонажі.

Залізний павук з'явився у численних відеоіграх як альтернативний костюм героя. У мультсеріалі «Людина-павук. Щоденник супергероя» його носієм був Амадей Чо. Своя версія костюму також була представлена у фільмах кіновсесвіту Marvel з Томом Голландом у ролі Пітера.

Історія публікацій
Броня Залізного павука вперше з'явилася у The Amazing Spider-Man #529 у березні 2006 року та була створена Джо Кесада на основі наброску Кріса Бачало.

Далі Пітер Паркер, крім основної серії, носив цей костюм у багатьох інших коміксах, що стосувалися «Громадянської війни» та участі Людини-павука в ній. Серед них: New Avengers, Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man, Sensational Spider-Man, Iron Man, Black Panther, X-Men, Fantastic Four, Civil War: Front Line та Civil War: Choosing Sides, опублікованих упродовж 2006 року. Востаннє він володів Залізним павуком у The Amazing Spider-Man #536 (листопад 2006). На початку Civil War #6 сценарист Джозеф Майкл Стражинськи вирішив повернути класичний червоно-синій костюм. Прийом зміни костюмів став символом вірності Пітера тій чи іншій стороні конфлікту під час розколу супергероїв.

У серпні 2007 року вдосконалені версії броні отримала команда Багряних павуків під егідою Ініціативи на сторінках Avengers: The Initiative із 3 по 22 випуск (квітень 2009). Згодом двоє з них загинули, а останній вцілілий продовжив користуватися бронею аж до подій «Fear Itself» 2011 року.

Мері Джейн Вотсон виступила в ролі Залізного павука у The Amazing Spider-Man vol. 4, #15 у вересні 2016 року, що є фінальною частиною сюжетної лінії «Ігри Сили». Ця ж історія була опублікована у коміксі Spider-Man #14 від українського видавництва Fireclaw у березні 2018 року.

Аарон Девіс заволодів перефарбованою версією Залізного павука у Spider-Man #234 у січні 2018 року. Після протистояння зі своїм племінником Майлзом Моралесом у 240 випуску він повертає костюм Старку.

Вигадана історія

Пітер Паркер

Напередодні подій сюжетної лінії «Громадянська війна» Пітер Паркер, його дружина Мері Джейн Вотсон і тітка Мей опинилися без даху над головою. Сімейний будинок був знищений Чарльзом Вейдерменом, колишнім однокласником Пітера, що став мутантом. Тоні Старк, відомий бізнесмен та супергерой Залізна людина, пропонує їм оселитися у Вежі Месників. Згодом Паркер погоджується та влаштовується працювати в Старк Індастріс.

Унаслідок подій «Людини-павука: Інакший» () Піт отримав нові здібності, насамперед органічну павутину, і втратив свій костюм. Саме тому Старк створює броню Залізного павука та дарує її Пітеру. Він одразу ж використовує її в бою зі злочинцями. Майже добу потому Тоні Старк видає оновлену версію костюму, яка має більший набір функцій. Із продемонстрованих нововведень: система маскування і три механічні кінцівки. Паркер відправляється у Вашингтон, щоб підтримати Тоні на скликанні щодо запровадження Акту про реєстрацію суперлюдей. Того ж дня біля капітолію Титанова людина здійснює замах на вбивство Старка, проте його зупиняє Людина-павук. Згодом виявляється, що це було махінацією самої Залізної людини, організованою з метою переконати уряд.

Ввечері того ж дня Паркер дізнається про вибух у школі, що відбувся через діяльність Нових воїнів і став рушійним фактором для негайного проголошення Акту про реєстрацію суперлюдей. Після довгих роздумів Пітер все ж зважується прийняти урядові умови, публічно розкривши свою справжню особистість.

Людина-павук продовжував боротися на боці Залізної людини, але згодом, коли побачив умови утримання незареєстрованих суперлюдей в Негативній зоні, його переконання кардинально змінилися. В ефірі одного із телешоу він публічно виступив проти прийнятого акту, розкритикувавши його. Паркер говорить ЕмДжей та тітці Мей тікати з Вежі Месників, і тоді його атакує Старк. Тоні вимикає Залізного павука та розповідає всю правду про його наміри щодо Паркера. Здавалося б це кінець, але Пітер попередньо взламав костюм, обійшовши Старкову систему, що й дозволяє знешкодити його в бою.

Пітеру вдається втекти до каналізації, де на нього влаштовують полювання лиходії Шут і Джек Ліхтарник, найняті Тоні Старком. Зрештою, Пітера рятує Каратель і доправляє до штабу команди Капітана Америка. Після одужання Людина-павук приєднується до противників акту, повернувшись до свого червоно-синього костюму.

Багряні павуки
Згодом броня Залізного павука була передана трьом клонам Майкла Ван Патріка (Майкл, Ван та Патрік відповідно), правнука Авраама Ерскіна, творця оригінальної сироватки суперсолдата. Вони працювали під егідою Ініціативи П'ятдесяти штатів як команда Багряних павуків та навчалися у Таскмайстра, що досконало пам'ятав бойові навички Пітера Паркера. У цій броні вони боролися із Шокером, Бумерангом та Гідроменом. Також клони стикалися з Людиною-павуком, що викликало сумніви у суспільства, чи Пітер Паркер є єдиним супергероєм-павуком. Дані костюми мають по чотири лапки, замість трьох, як в оригіналі. Невідомо, чи ці Залізні павуки одержали нові функції, але команда клонів часто користувалася здібностями оригінальної версії. З часом Майкл і Ван загинули в боях, а з ними були знищені й їхні костюми. Останній вцілілий клон, Патрік, став членом Нових воїнів, продовжуючи користуватися Залізним павуком.

Мері Джейн Вотсон

Мері Джейн Вотсон користується костюмом Залізного павука, знайденим у Вежі Месників, щоб допомогти Людині-павукові та Залізній людині у боротьбі з лиходієм Регентом, що колекціонував суперлюдей та викрадав їхні здібності. Для його управління ЕмДжей знадобилися колишній досвід користування іншими екзоскелетами Старка і володіння павучими здібностями під час подій «Павучого острова» ().

Аарон Девіс
Після подій «Таємних війн» 2015 року мультивсесвіт переродився і велика кількість персонажів Ultimate Marvel потрапила в основний всесвіт. Серед них був і Аарон Девіс (суперлиходій Бродяга та дядько Майлза Моралеса), що прокинувся після своєї смерті. Купивши перефарбовану в чорно-золотий колір броню Залізного павука на чорному ринку, він зібрав Зловісну шістку. Разом із Плямою, Гобґобліном (Родеріком Кінґслі), Електро (Френсін Фрай), Піщаною людиною та Бомбою, Аарон прагнув викрасти повітряний авіаносець Щ.И.Т.. Майлз вирішив протистояти лиходіям і тоді викрив особистість нового Залізного павука. Коли авіаносець направляється до свого покупця в Латверії, під час сутички Девіс, здавалося б, помирає. Кілька тижнів потому він виявляється живим, зустрічається зі своїм племінником та розповідає, що вирішив покинути злочинну діяльність, повернувши Залізного павука до його творця, тобто Тоні Старка.

Сили та здібності
Костюм побудований за зразком класичної конструкції Залізної людини Тоні Старка та обладнаний тією ж системою керування. Проте Залізний павук має кілька унікальних пристосувань, в тому числі й три механічні павучі лапки. Вони використовуються для огляду з-за кутів (через камери на кінцях лапок) та маніпулювання навколишніми предметами. Старк називає їх надто делікатними для ведення бою, проте згодом Людина-павук чудово демонструє їхню користь у битві з Титановою людиною. Коли розгорілася Громадянська війна супергероїв, Паркер також застосовував механічні кінцівки костюму для боротьби з Капітаном Америка.

Серед інших функцій виділяються: можливість ковзати по поверхні, обмежений захист від куль, вбудовані протипожежні, поліцейські та аварійні сканери, пристрої інфрачервоного та ультрафіолетового бачення, маскування, фільтри для захисту від повітряних токсинів та система зв'язку. Він дозволяє вільно дихати під водою та здатен змінювати форму, адже створених із рідкого розумного матеріалу. За його допомогою також можна перетворити броню на будь-який із попередніх костюмів Людини-павука чи повсякденний одяг. Частини костюму можуть відділитися від тіла, щоб взаємодіяти з небезпечним для дотику предметом, як-от радіоактивний астероїд. Залізний павук керується технопатично, вловлюючи імпульси мозку, а центральна система керування розташована в районі грудної клітки.

Про всяк випадок Тоні Старк розмістив датчик стеження на костюмі, а також міг самостійно керувати чи вимикати його.

Альтернативні версії
Наташа Романова (більш відома як Чорна вдова) використовувала псевдонім Залізний павук на сторінках Contest of Champions 2015 року, поки Залізна людина прагнув застосувати Камінь реальності, аби змінити хід Громадянської війни та зрештою стати президентом США. Вона отримала костюм після того, як Паркер перейшов на бік Капітана Америка та примкнув до команди Громадянських воїнів.

Поза коміксами

Телебачення
 Залізний павук з'являвся у мультсеріалі «Людина-павук. Щоденник супергероя» (2012), де обладнаний репульсорами на долонях та підошвах, як і костюми Залізної людини. Пітер користувався ним в епізодах «Політ Залізного павука», «Залізний Восьминіг» першого сезону і «Бомба Венома» другого сезону. У наступних сезонах бронею володіє Амадей Чо, озвучений Еріком Бауза, ставши відомим як Залізний павук та союзником Паркера. Також тут фігурувала павуча версія Галкбастера, побудована Куртом Коннорсом для боротьби з Носорогом.
 LEGO-версія Амадея Чо в якості Залізного павука з'явилася у короткометражному телефільмі «Lego Marvel Super Heroes: Avengers Reassembled» (2015). Його знову озвучив Ерік Бауза.

Кіно
 Залізний павук у рамках кіновсесвіту Marvel вперше з'явився у кінці фільму «Людина-павук: Повернення додому» (2017). Після перемоги над Стерв'ятником, Пітер Паркер (грає Том Голланд) зустрічається з Тоні Старком, що пропонує йому приєднатися до Месників та представляє новий костюм, проте той відмовляється. Цей дизайн кардинально відрізняється від версії із коміксів, маючи червоно-синю палітру кольорів із золотими елементами.
 У «Месниках: Війна нескінченності» (2018) Людина-павук допомагає Старкові, Доктору Стренджу, Вонґу та Брюсу Беннеру у боротьбі із Чорним Орденом, послідовниками Таноса. Коли їхній іншопланетний корабель покидає атмосферу Землі, Тоні негайно викликає Залізного павука, щоб врятувати Пітера. Костюм має чотири механічні кінцівки та складається з наночастинок, як і нова броня Залізної людини (Mark 50), допомагаючи Паркеру почуватися комфортно на іншій планеті та підвищуючи його надлюдську спритність. У кінці стрічки Пітер, разом із Залізним павуком, зникає, коли Таносу вдається отримати всі Камені Вічності та знищити половину всього життя у Всесвіті.
 У стрічці «Месники: Завершення» (2019) Брюс Беннер використовує Камені, викрадені Месниками з альтернативного всесвіту, щоб повернути загиблих назад до життя через п'ять років після їхнього зникнення. Ця подія отримала назву «Блим». Таким чином, повертається і Пітер в тому ж костюмі, приєднавшись до фінальної битви проти військ Таноса.
 На початку фільму «Людина-павук: Далеко від дому» (2019) Паркер у цьому костюмі виступає на благодійному заході, організованому тіткою Мей для підтримки тих, хто постраждав після Блиму. Згодом він відправляється у шкільну поїздку по Європі, залишивши вдома Залізного павука на зарядці наночастинками. Екшн-сцена у ресторані за участю Залізного павука, що була показана в трейлерах, не потрапила до театральної версії стрічки. Пізніше її включили до короткометражки «Список справ Пітера», випущеної на Blu-ray, разом із фільмом.

Відеоігри
 У відеогрі Marvel Ultimate Alliance (2006) цей костюм представлений як один із трьох альтернативних костюмів Пітера Паркера, інші двоє — це симбіотичний костюм та класична версія Багряного павука.
 Версія гри Spider-Man: Web of Shadows (2008) для Wii містить Залізного павука як розблокований костюм.
 У Marvel Ultimate Alliance 2 (2009) цей костюм є єдиним альтернативним костюмом Пітера Паркера. Цього разу він має лапки, проте вони суто декоративні, не впливаючи на ігровий процес. Цей костюм можна розблокувати, лише виступаючи за реєстрацію суперлюдей.
 У відеоіграх Spider-Man: Shattered Dimensions (2010) та Spider-Man: Edge of Time (2011) також є броня Залізного павука в якості альтернативного костюму для Людини-павука 2099.
 Броня Залізного павука з'являється як один із альтернативних костюмів Людини-павука у Marvel vs. Capcom 3: Fate of Two Worlds (2011).
 У Marvel: Avengers Alliance (2012) Залізний павук є фінальним костюмом Людини-павука, але він не має лапок.
 Костюм згадується в Lego Marvel Super Heroes (2013) у розмові між Людиною-павуком та Залізною людиною під час їх проникнення на підводний човен A.I.M.
 Амадей Чо як Залізний павук з'являється у DLC «Spider-Man Character Pack» до гри Lego Marvel's Avengers (2016).
 Версія Залізного павука Мері Джейн Вотсон з'являється в Marvel Avengers Academy (2016).
 Залізний павук є одним із альтернативних костюмів Людини-павука у Marvel vs. Capcom: Infinite (2017), якщо Людина-павук носить костюм із The Superior Spider-Man.
 Залізний павук із КВМ фігурує у Marvel's Spider-Man (2018) як альтернативний костюм (для гравців раннього доступу доступний одразу). Розблокувавши його, гравець отримує лапки (тут названі «залізними руками») для всіх інших костюмів. Версія броні з коміксів була додана в DLC «Turf Wars», її лапки мають золотий колір.

Примітки

Посилання
 Залізний павук  на Marvel Database, зовнішній вікі.
 Залізний павук  на Spider Man Wiki, зовнішній вікі.
 Залізний павук  (КВМ) на Marvel Cinematic Universe, зовнішній вікі.
 Залізний павук  на ComicVine.

Супергерої Marvel Comics
Суперлиходії Marvel Comics
Людина-павук
Фантастичні технології
Вигадана броня

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
ResearchersHome Researchers Debra Sabatini Dwyer
Debra Sabatini Dwyer
Research Associate Professor, Technology and Society, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, SUNY-Stony Brook
Debra S. Dwyer is a Research Associate Professor of Technology and Society in the College of Engineering and Applied Sciences at Stony Brook University. She was formerly Clinical Associate Professor in the Department of Healthcare Policy and Management at Stony Brook University. Her research interests include, health policy and health care reform, health market failures, aging, health and work, disability policy, and measurement error in survey data. She continues to have an affiliation with the department of economics at Stony Brook University where she was previously employed. Prior to that she did postdoctoral research at the Center for Policy Research at Syracuse University. Dr. Dwyer received the M.S. and Ph.D. in Labor Economics from Cornell University.
UM06-17: Evaluating Social Security Reforms using Probabilistic Population Forecasts in a Life-cycle Model of Social Insurance
UM03-11: Household Retirement Expectations, Social Security Reform, and Savings Adequacy
UM02-11: Dynamic Retirement Expectations using the Health and Retirement Study
A Dynamic Model of Retirement and Social Security Reform Expectations: A Solution to the New Early Retirement Puzzle (Working Paper)
Expectation Formation of Older Married Couples and the Rational Expectations Hypothesis (Working Paper)
Expectations in Micro Data: Rationality Revisited (Working Paper)
What to Expect when you are Expecting Rationality: Testing Rational Expectations using Micro Data (Working Paper)
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text:
Two Android TV box sellers taken to court
Trading firm An-Nahl's director Abdul Nagib Abdul Aziz (left) and retail firm Synnex Trading's director Jia Xiaofeng face charges that they "wilfully infringed" copyright by helping people access pirated content.ST PHOTOS: JAMIE KOH
Coalition Against Piracy general manager Neil Gane appeared in court on behalf of the entertainment content providers and pay-TV operators.
Jan 13, 2018, 5:00 am SGT
http://str.sg/o3UJ
Two firms and their directors face charges in what could be a landmark case to decide legality of media streaming boxes
Pay-TV operators Singtel and StarHub, entertainment titan Fox Networks Group and football's Premier League have hauled two Android TV box sellers in Singapore to court in an unprecedented move against piracy.
In court yesterday, retail firm Synnex Trading and its director Jia Xiaofeng, and trading firm An-Nahl and its director Abdul Nagib Abdul Aziz faced several charges, in what could be a landmark case to determine the legality of media streaming boxes.
Their accusers allege that they "wilfully infringed" copyright to a significant extent by helping people access pirated content via media streaming boxes, charging them under Section 136 (3A) of the Copyright Act.
Mr Neil Gane, general manager of the Coalition Against Piracy (CAP), appeared in court on behalf of the entertainment content providers and pay-TV operators. He was listed as the complainant in this criminal case.
Synnex and its director each face four charges for helping customers "make unauthorised copies" of programmes - including English Premier League matches and other sports, movies and National Geographic documentaries on Fox's cable channels - by using the media boxes. The accused were caught on three occasions in May, August and September last year at Synnex's Geylang Road shop.
Synnex and its director were also charged over the possession of 104 media boxes specifically adapted for making copies of the copyrighted content in May last year at Synnex's shop. Synnex was believed to have charged customers $159 for the media box, with each streaming app costing an extra fee ranging from $40 to $170.
An-Nahl and its director face two charges each of helping a customer use the media box to make unauthorised copies of English Premier League matches and Fox programmes, and carrying 12 media boxes - both in May last year - at Tanjong Katong Complex, where the shop is located.
ACTING AGAINST CONTENT PIRACY
The alarming proliferation of piracy and illicit streaming devices that are used to view copyright-protected content hurts both consumers and producers... We will continue to take concerted and decisive action against content piracy through public education as well as via legal channels to uphold intellectual property rights.
SINGTEL, STARHUB, PREMIER LEAGUE AND FOX, in a joint statement.
An-Nahl and its director are claiming trial. Synnex and its director have asked for an adjournment for them to decide whether to plead guilty or to claim trial.
Conviction carries a jail term not exceeding six months, a fine of up to $20,000, or both.
The boxes run on the Android smartphone operating system. They often come pre-loaded with apps that can access pirated content, and have been the scourge of pay-TV operators and content publishers. Each box sells for as little as $219, as marketed on Synnex's Facebook page.
The CAP was formed last October by video content creators and distributors in Asia to fight the use of media boxes for piracy and the app networks that underpin them.
Its members include the Cable and Satellite Broadcasting Association of Asia (Casbaa), which has StarHub and Singtel as members, as well as Fox, Premier League and HBO Asia.
The criminal proceeding comes after years of lobbying the local authorities, with no success, to conduct raids on Android TV box syndicates.
Last month, the CAP asked the Singapore Government to block software residing in media boxes sold at local electronics stores and e-commerce sites such as Lazada.
In a joint statement yesterday, Singtel, StarHub, Premier League and Fox said: "The alarming proliferation of piracy and illicit streaming devices that are used to view copyright-protected content hurts both consumers and producers... We will continue to take concerted and decisive action against content piracy through public education as well as via legal channels to uphold intellectual property rights."
The Intellectual Property Office of Singapore and the Infocomm Media Development Authority yesterday urged viewers to access legitimate content, and content providers to offer competitive prices.
"Respect for intellectual property is key as we seek to grow our media and innovation ecosystems," they added.
The second mention for Synnex and its director has been adjourned to Feb 2, and that for An-Nahl and its director to Jan 26.
A version of this article appeared in the print edition of The Straits Times on January 13, 2018, with the headline 'Two Android TV box sellers taken to court'. Print Edition | Subscribe
PIRACY - MOVIE
MEDIA STREAMING BOX, ANDROID TV BOX


text:
Fact-checking the April 17 edition of 'Meet the Press'
By C. Eugene Emery Jr., Linda Qiu on Sunday, April 17th, 2016 at 7:07 p.m.
N.C. Gov. Pat McCrory defended his state's HB2 on "Meet the Press" April 17 in an interview with Chuck Todd. (NBC News)
North Carolina Gov. Pat McCrory stood by a state law that spurred many businesses, Bruce Springsteen and gay-rights groups to condemn his state, saying Sunday the measure was a necessary response to local government overreach.
Meet the Press moderator Chuck Todd asked McCrory, Charlotte's former mayor of 14 years, if North Carolina leaders had not overreached in the same way by nullifying the Charlotte city council's LGBT anti-discrimination ordinance.
"I made a point when I was mayor of Charlotte for 14 years, we dealt with fire and police and airports and roads and light rail lines, we didn't impose new regulations on businesses," he said. "And I don't think the government ought to be the H.R. director for every business, whether it be in Charlotte or whether it be in Greensboro or whether it be in Boone, N.C."
McCrory has characterized the now-defunct ordinance this way from the beginning in statements, videos and most recently his national interview with NBC host Chuck Todd.
"The city of Charlotte passed a bathroom ordinance mandate on every private-sector employer in Charlotte, N.C," McCrory said. "It's not government's business to tell the private sector what their bathroom, locker room, or shower practices should be. Not only the private business, but also the YMCA and other non-profit organizations."
Certainly many businesses would have been affected, but not every one, as McCrory said. McCrory's description rates Mostly False.
Josh Ellis, McCrory's spokesman, called the ordinance a mandate on "every private business open to the public." The extra distinction about the "public" is important.
Under the Charlotte ordinance, it would have been illegal for places such as stores, hospitals, movie theaters, restaurants and hotels to prohibit transgender customers from using the bathroom or locker room with the gender he or she identifies with.
But the ordinance would have specifically exempted establishments closed to the general public like private clubs, religious and advocacy organizations with beliefs that are at odds with the law like churches, and nonprofits such as homeless shelters.
Practically speaking, it also would not have affected large swaths of private-sector businesses that don't deal with the public face-to-face on a daily basis. Think call centers, distribution warehouse, manufacturing plants, etc. Not to mention private employers who aren't required to have a public bathroom.
Clooney talks campaign cash
Actor and activist George Clooney also appeared on Meet the Press to talk about a dinner he hosted for Hillary Clinton at his California home. Clooney said he didn't disagree with Bernie Sanders supporters who threw dollar bills at Clinton's motorcade in protest of the big-money political event.
"It is an obscene amount of money. The Sanders campaign when they talk about it is absolutely right," Clooney said. "It's ridiculous that we should have this kind of money in politics. I agree completely."
But Clooney said the money he helped raise for Clinton in California has to be put in perspective.
"The overwhelming amount of money that we're raising, and it is a lot, but the overwhelming amount of the money that we're raising, is not going to Hillary to run for president, it's going to the down-ticket," he said. "It's going to the congressmen and senators to try to take back Congress."
Clooney's claim is largely correct. It rates Mostly True.
The Clinton fundraisers Clooney was talking about were on behalf of the her Hillary Victory Fund, which distributes the donations to several entities — her campaign committee (Hillary for America), the Democratic National Committee, and the state parties.
Because federal law says individuals can't give more than $2,700 to a presidential candidate's primary campaign (another $2,700 can be collected for the general election), Clinton's Victory Fund has set up its rules so that the first $2,700 donated goes to her.
The next $33,400 goes to the Democratic National Committee (the maximum allowed for an individual under federal limits) and the remainder is split among 32 state parties to finance federal candidates. The federal limit for each state is $10,000.
So if a large donor gives $356,000 to the Victory Fund, Clinton would directly get less than 1 percent.
If a small donor were to give $3,000, the Clinton campaign would directly get 90 percent.
"The overwhelming amount of the money that we're raising is not going to Hillary (Clinton) to run for president. ... It's going to the congressmen and senators to try to take back Congress."
— George Clooney, Saturday, April 16th, 2016.
"The city of Charlotte passed a bathroom ordinance mandate on every private-sector employer in Charlotte."
— Pat McCrory, Sunday, April 17th, 2016.
Researchers: Will Doran, C. Eugene Emery Jr., Linda Qiu
See fact-checks.


text:
- Used in [mesh](/crcn/mesh).
- Bootstrapping libraries

## Example

```javascript
var dirmr = require('dirmr'),
fs        = require("fs"),
mu        = require("mustache"),
tplData   = {};

dirmr().

//read the bootstrap directory for the target dirs
readdir(__dirname + "/src", /^(node|web)$/).

//filter through template files, and fill them - examples are: .mu.html, .ejs.html, .mu.json
filterFile(dirmr.parseTemplate(tplData)).

//copy all the files to the library directory
join(__dirname + "/lib").

//called after all files have been copied
complete(function(err, result) {

});
```

## API

### .dirmr([dirs])

```javascript
dirmr([__dirname + "/src/node", __dirname + "/src/web"]).
join(__dirname + "/lib");
```

### .join(directory)

Joins (merges) the target directories to the output folder

### .readdir(directory, filter)

Scans the given directory for dirs to merge

```javascript
dirmr().
readdir(__dirname + "/src",/^(node|web)$/).
join(__dirname + "/lib");
```

### .copyEach(outputDir)

Copies target directories to output directory without merging

```javascript
mergedir().
readdir(__dirname + "/src", /^(node|web)$/).
copyEach(__dirname + "/bootstrap").
complete(function(err, result) {

})
```

### .sort(fn)

Sorts the directories

### .filterFile(search, fn)

Filters files before they're copied

```javascript
dirmr().
readdir(__dirname + "/src").
filterFile(function(options, next) {

	if(!/\.tpl\.\w+/.test(options.name)) return;

	//fs.writeFile(options.destination, mustache.to_html(...))

}).
join(__dirname + "/lib");
```

### .complete(callback)

Called once the operations are complete

### exports.mergeJSON(repl, obj)

merges JSON files as they're copied to the target directory

```javascript
dirmr().
readdir(__dirname + "/src").
filterFile(/.merge.json/, dirmr.mergeJSON(".json", { name: 'blah' })).
join(__dirname + "/lib");
```

### exports.parseTemplate(data)

Searches for template files, and replaces content with the data given.
supported templates: [mu](http://mustache.github.com/), [ejs](http://embeddedjs.com/)

```javascript
dirmr().
readdir(__dirname + "/src").
filterFile(dirmr.parseTemplate({ name: 'my-app', version: '0.0.10' })).
join(__dirname + "/lib");
```

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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The logo speaks for itself. We created a fun and almost youthful branding element for this yoga instructor, speaking to the fact that no matter your age, laughter is can be great medicine.
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This team specialized in home redesigns, staging and estate sales. We visualized these services as interlocking ribbons, adding vibrant color and a bit of dimension to their overall identity.
Lighting the way is not only this consulting firm's tagline, it was the inspiration for the logo redesign.
Urban Home is a custom-built event home. Their logo was inspired by the architecture of the house: the roof lines, the prominent windows at the front of the house and distinct blue door.
Home Draw is a small residential design firm that assists clients in all stages of designing and building homes. They needed a clean, modern logo that reflected their architectural style.
André is an inspirational speaker and "curiosity instigator". His ultimate goal is to bring about change and so the greek letter delta became the inspiration for this design.
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Jan is inspired by butterflies and the metamorphosis they represents. Using elements of her signature in repetition to create movement, we gave her a personally meaningful brand element.


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text:
Lobo during an Operation Freedom Paws class.
OpinionCommunityNews
UPDATED: Mary Cortani still a 'Hero' in Gilroyans' eyes
By: Staff report
More than 50 Operation Freedoms Paws supporters and friends of Gilroy's own Mary Cortani were glued to four television screens upstairs at Station 55 Bar & Grill Sunday night to watch CNN's "Top 10 Heroes Tribute Show," where the winner of CNN's 2012 "Hero of the Year" would be revealed during the finale of a live broadcast streamed from the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles.
The anxious crowd pulling for Cortani waited with baited breath to find out if their local heroine would come out ahead of the nine other finalists who made CNN's elite top 10 and take home the grand $250,000 award money. The atmosphere was rife with nail-biting and anxious chatter.
The moment of truth came around 6 p.m., when supporters crossed their fingers and held their collective breath in silence as CNN's Anderson Cooper opened the envelope that contained the name of the "Hero of the Year."
A gasp and groan followed as it was announced that Pushpa Basnet, 29, garnered the most online votes to take home top honors.
Basnet, a Nepalese woman, takes in young children who would otherwise be incarcerated along with their parents in local prisons.
With grace in the midst of disappointment, the friends of Cortani gave a congratulatory round of applause for Basnet's win.
"Mary is our Hero," noted Station 55 co-owner Fran Beaudet with a smile.
Cortani founded the 501(c)(3) nonprofit Operation Freedoms Paws in 2010. An Army veteran of 14 years and former Army Master Instructor of Canine Education, Cortani is credited with "giving me back my life," as put by one soldier who was able to overcome Post Traumatic Stress Disorder after getting paired up with a service dog with Cortani's help.
Operation Freedoms Paws, or OFP, empowers wounded veterans and others with mental/or physical impairments to not only train their own service dogs, but ultimately function with the help of their service dogs at home and in society. OFP begins by hand-picking dogs from local shelters, then matching each canine to a compatible veteran. Many participants who go through the program struggle with issues such as post traumatic stress disorder or traumatic brain injury.
CNN "Hero of the Year" or not, there's no question Cortani's humble demeanor would have changed.
From the first time the Dispatch reported on her in 2010, to the time she was honored with the American Red Cross Real Heroes Award in 2011, to when she received a major grant from the local philanthropic Gilroy Foundation, Cortani has always deflected attention away from herself as an individual and onto the bigger picture.
"This award is not about me," she said, staring into the camera and speaking to hundreds of thousands of viewers Sunday evening. "It is about the men and women who so gallantly serve this country, and come home injured."
Each of the top 10 CNN heroes were honored individually and introduced by a celebrity during the show Sunday night. The star studded lineup included "Glee" actress Jane Lynch, who gave Cortani a moving introduction before the Garlic Capital candidate took the stage.
Three hundred miles away from Los Angeles, supporters were soaking it all in.
Cortani may have been far away from home, but in spirit she was surrounded by friends, clients and co-workers.
"I have known and worked with Mary for almost three years," said Cindy Lapalto, a civilian OFP participant who arrived early at 5:30 p.m. with many others to get a good seat to see the 6 p.m. show "This is very, very exciting".
Lapalto was among many Station 55 supporters who erupted in cheers and applause as Cortani's name was announced and her video tribute was shown.
At a table nearby, Kathleen Cutshall, her husband Dale and their labradoodle pup – Attie – were also in attendance.
"Mary has an amazing heart and soul – she does her work full-throttle", Kathleen beamed.
Kathleen is a licensed clinical social worker and post combat trauma specialist who works with service members from all branches of the U.S. military.
She introduced her canine companion as a "guide dog school flunk-out" that was rescued by OFP.
Attie, apparently, has an affectionate and mischievous nature, as well as an intense love chasing squirrels. All of these attributes are considered unbecoming of a traditional guide dog.
"Aunt Mary," as Cortani is known to the Cutshalls, is responsible for successfully saving and training Attie to be a valuable OFP service dog. The labradoodle now serves as Kathleen's working partner in support of active duty service members, military veterans and their families.
Vietnam veteran Norman MacVicar and his wife, Gloria – a local couple that owns and operates California Silkscreening in Gilroy – have known Cortani for nearly 20 years. Just like Lapalto and the Cutshalls, they heap praises on Cortani. The MacVicars even designed OFP's official logo and t-shirts free of charge.
"Mary and I used to bowl together years ago," Gloria said. "I have been voting online for Mary on CNN's website everyday."
"She really does deserve to win," Norman added.
Station 55 Bar & Grill owners Fran and Bobby Beaudet have known Cortani for more than 10 years, and welcomes a group of OFP participants and their dogs for breakfast every Saturday.
"Our's was the only place big enough that would have the OFP participants and their dogs each week for breakfast," Bobby chuckled. "We are happy to have them here."
Since its inception in 2007, "CNN Heroes" has received more than 45,000 submissions from more than 100 countries and profiled more than 180 heroes. Approximately 24 people were profiled by CNN this year. That group was then whittled down to 10 people – and Cortani was one of them. People in the top 10 group were awarded $50,000 each, with the winner receiving an additional $250,000 grant.
Cortani returned to Gilroy Tuesday after her whirlwind weekend in Los Angeles.
"If there is one message I would like to get out, it's to thank all of the people that voted for us and cheered us on," she said. "I also want to thank the Gilroy Dispatch for being the only newspaper that covered Operation Freedoms Paws CNN 'Hero' experience."
OFP is on a "journey," Cortani said.
The $50,000 the organization received for being in the top 10 – not to mention the international recognition "will help us continue on this journey.
To where and how far, "we do not know," Cortani added.
OFP volunteer Janet Wenholz accompanied Cortani to the filming of the CNN tribute show.
"This whole CNN experience has been absolutely amazing," she said, beaming. "We didn't win Sunday night, but I did make a bet with Mary that I could help raise the $250K she didn't win from CNN within the next 90 days.
If Wenholz wins the bet, Cortani has to buy Wenholz her favorite local wine – Solis Fiano. If Cortani wins, Wenholz has to buy Cortani a case of Singha beer.
"So if the folks in Gilroy, Morgan Hill and Hollister would like to see a true American hero win after all…and provide an excellent case of local wine to someone who loves it, please donate to Operation Freedom Paws!" Wenholz laughed.
If you would like to contribute to OFP, or sponsor a service dog, donations can be mailed to Operation Freedoms Paws, 777 First Street, PMB 515, Gilroy, CA 95020. Donations can also be made online by visiting www.operationfreedomspaws.org.
Between now and Dec. 31, Subaru will also match all money donated through CNN's website to any hero up to $50,000.
"This award is not about me. It is about the men and women who so gallantly serve this country, and come home injured."
Mary Cortani, addressing the audience during the live broadcast of CNN's "Hero of the Year" awards show
Gilroy Dispatch Staff
Since the Covid-19 pandemic started, Coastal Kids Home Care—a regional nonprofit that provides specialized home healthcare for children living with illness and disability—has seen demand for its services skyrocket.
submitted - January 15, 2021
Police in Gilroy on Friday morning said that Highway 152, the Hecker Pass Highway, had reopened after being closed in both directions due to a major injury crash involving a vehicle and a pedestrian Thursday evening.
Michael Moore - January 15, 2021
Local business owners and city officials are bracing again for a prolonged stay-at-home order, which was indefinitely extended by state officials over the weekend as the Bay Area's hospital capacity remains dangerously low.