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Eclipses come in many forms
Here's why solar and lunar eclipses happen, and how they differ from occultations and transits
A solar eclipse (seen here in an illustration) is one of Nature's most awesome spectacles. It occurs when, as viewed from Earth, the moon passes in front of the sun.
solarseven/iStockphoto
Amazing things happen in the heavens. In the hearts of distant galaxies, black holes swallow stars. Once every 20 years or so, on average, a star somewhere in our Milky Way galaxy explodes. For a few days, that supernova will outshine entire galaxies in our night sky. Near our solar system, things are thankfully quiet.
Nevertheless, awesome events happen in our neighborhood too.
Eclipse means to overshadow. And that's exactly what happens during a solar or lunar eclipse. These celestial events take place when the sun, moon and Earth briefly make a straight (or very nearly straight) line in space. Then one of them will be fully or partially shrouded by another's shadow. Similar events, called occultations and transits, occur when stars, planets, and moons line up in much the same way.
Scientists have a good handle on how planets and moons move through the sky. So these events are very predictable. If the weather cooperates, these events easily can be seen with the unaided eye or simple instruments. Eclipses and related phenomena are fun to watch. They also provide scientists with rare opportunities to make important observations. For instance, they can help to measure objects in our solar system and observe the sun's atmosphere.
Our moon is, on average, about 3,476 kilometers (2,160 miles) in diameter. The sun is a whopping 400 times that diameter. But because the sun is also about 400 times further from Earth than the moon is, both the sun and moon appear to be about the same size. That means that at some points in its orbit, the moon can entirely block the sun's light from reaching Earth. That's known as a total solar eclipse.
This can happen only when there is a new moon, the phase that appears fully dark to us on Earth as it moves across the sky. This happens about once per month. Actually, the average time between new moons is 29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes and 3 seconds. Maybe you're thinking: That's an awfully precise number. But it's that precision that let's astronomers predict when an eclipse will occur, even many years ahead of time.
So why doesn't a total solar eclipse occur each and every new moon? It has to do with the moon's orbit. It is slightly tilted, compared to Earth's. Most new moons trace a path through the sky that passes near to — but not over — the sun.
Sometimes the new moon eclipses only part of the sun.
The moon creates a cone-shaped shadow. The totally dark part of that cone is known as the umbra. And sometimes that umbra doesn't quite reach Earth's surface. In that case, people along the center of the path of that shadow don't see a totally darkened sun. Instead, a ring of light surrounds the moon. This ring of light is called an annulus (AN-yu-luss). Scientists call these events annular eclipses.
Ring-like annular eclipses (lower right) occur when the moon is too far from the Earth to completely block the sun. In the early phases of this eclipse (proceeding from upper left), it is possible to see sunspots on the face of the sun.Brocken Inaglory/Wikipedia Commons, [CC BY-SA 3.0]
Not all people, of course, will be directly in the center path of an annular eclipse. Those inside the lighter outer part of the shadow, the antumbra, will see the moon's silhouette surrounded by a ring of sunlight. The antumbra is also shaped like a cone in space. The umbra and antumbra are lined up in space but point in opposite directions, and their tips meet at a single point.
Why won't the umbra reach Earth every time there's a solar eclipse? Again, it's due to the moon's orbit. Its path around Earth isn't a perfect circle. It's a somewhat squished circle, known as an ellipse. At the closest point in its orbit, the moon is about 362,600 kilometers (225,300 miles) from Earth. At its farthest, the moon is some 400,000 kilometers away. That difference is enough to make how big the moon looks from Earth vary. So, when the new moon passes in front of the sun and is also located in a distant part of its orbit, it won't be quite big enough to completely block the sun.
These orbital variations also explain why some total solar eclipses last longer than others. When the moon is further from Earth, the point of its shadow can create an eclipse lasting less than 1 second. But when the moon passes in front of the sun and is also at its closest to Earth, the moon's shadow is up to 267 kilometers (166 miles) wide. In that case, the total eclipse, as seen from one spot along the shadow's path, lasts a little more than 7 minutes.
The moon is round, so its shadow creates a dark circle or oval on Earth's surface. Where someone is within that shadow also affects how long their solar blackout lasts. People in the center of the shadow's path get a longer eclipse than do people near the edge of the path.
Story continues below image.
Partially lit portions of Earth's shadow are known as the penumbra and antumbra. The cone-shaped umbra is completely dark. The shadows of all celestial objects, including the moon, are divided into similar regions.Qarnos/ Wikipedia Commons
Partial eclipses
People completely outside the path of the moon's shadow, but within a few thousand kilometers on either side of it, can see what's known as a partial solar eclipse. That's because they're within the partially lit portion of the moon's shadow, the penumbra. For them, only a fraction of the sun's light will be blocked.
Sometimes the umbra completely misses the Earth but the penumbra, which is wider, doesn't. In these cases, no one on Earth sees a total eclipse. But people in a few regions can witness a partial one.
The moon's shadow on Earth's surface during a total solar eclipse, as seen from the International Space Station on March 29, 2006.NASA
On rare occasions, a solar eclipse will start and end as an annular eclipse. But in the middle of the event, a total blackout occurs. These are known as hybrid eclipses. (The change from annular to total and then back to annular happens because Earth is round. So part of Earth's surface will fall inside the umbra halfway through the eclipse. People in this region are almost 13,000 kilometers (8,078 miles) closer to the moon than are those at the edge of the shadow's path. And that difference in distance can sometimes be enough to bring that spot on Earth's surface from the antumbra into the umbra.)
Fewer than 5 in every 100 solar eclipses are hybrids. A bit more than one in three are partial eclipses. Somewhat less than one in three are annular eclipses. The rest, slightly more than one in every four, are total eclipses.
There are always between two and five solar eclipses every year. No more than two can be total eclipses — and in some years there will be none.
Why total solar eclipses excite scientists
Before scientists sent cameras and other instruments into space, total solar eclipses provided unique research opportunities to astronomers. For example, the sun is so bright that its glare normally blocks sight of its outer atmosphere, the corona. During a total solar eclipse in 1868, however, scientists collected data on the corona. They learned about the wavelengths — colors — of light it emits. (Such emissions helped identify the corona's chemical make-up.)
During a total solar eclipse, scientists can see the sun's outer atmosphere (or corona, a pearly white aura around the sun). Also visible are large solar flares, or prominences (seen in pink).Luc Viatour/Wikipedia Commons, (CC-BY-SA-3.0)
Among other things, the scientists spotted a weird yellow line. No one had seen it before. The line came from helium, which is created by reactions inside the sun and other stars. Similar studies have since identified many known elements in the solar atmosphere. But those elements exist in forms not seen on Earth — forms in which many electrons have been stripped away. These data have convinced astronomers that temperatures in the solar corona must reach millions of degrees.
Scientists also have used eclipses to look for potential planets. For instance, they've looked for planets that orbit the sun even closer than Mercury does. Again, the sun's glare normally would block the ability to see anything that close to the sun, at least from Earth. (In some cases, astronomers thought they had seen such a planet. Later studies showed they had been wrong.)
In 1919, scientists gathered some of the most famous eclipse data. Astronomers took photos to see if distant stars looked out of place. If they were shifted slightly — compared to their normal positions (when the sun wasn't in the way) — that would suggest that light zipping past the sun had been bent by its huge gravitational field. Specifically, that would provide evidence supporting Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity. That theory had been proposed only a few years earlier. And indeed, the eclipse did provide such evidence for relativity.
Sometimes the moon almost disappears for a short while as it falls into Earth's shadow. Such lunar eclipses happen only at full moon, the phase when the moon is opposite the sun in our sky. It now appears as a completely lit disk. (From our vantage on Earth, it's when the moon is rising as the sun is setting.) Just as with solar eclipses, not every full moon creates a lunar eclipse. But lunar eclipses happen more often than solar ones because Earth's shadow is so much broader than the moon's. In fact, Earth's diameter is more than 3.5 times that of the moon. Being so much smaller than Earth, the moon can more easily fit completely within our planet's umbra.
Even at the height of a total lunar eclipse, the moon is visible — if ruddy colored — because the sunlight that travels to it through Earth's atmosphere.Alfredo Garcia, Jr./Wikipedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0)
Although total solar eclipses temporarily black out only a narrow path on Earth's surface, a total lunar eclipse can be seen from the entire nighttime half of the planet. And because Earth's shadow is so wide, a total lunar eclipse can last up to 107 minutes. If you add in the time that the moon spends entering and leaving our planet's penumbra, the entire event can last as much as 4 hours.
Unlike a total solar eclipse, even during a total lunar eclipse the moon remains visible. Sunlight travels through Earth's atmosphere during the whole event, illuminating the moon in a ruddy hue.
Sometimes only a portion of the moon enters Earth's umbra. In that case, there's a partial lunar eclipse. That leaves a circular shadow on the moon, as if a chunk had been bitten away. And if the moon enters Earth's penumbra but totally misses the umbra, the event is called a penumbral eclipse. This latter type of eclipse is often faint and hard to see. That's because many portions of the penumbra are actually pretty well lit.
More than one-third of all lunar eclipses are penumbral. Some three in every 10 are partial eclipses. Total lunar eclipses make up the rest, more than one in every three.
Occultations
An occultation (AH-kul-TAY-shun) is a sort of an eclipse. Again, these happen when three celestial bodies line up in space. But during occultations, a really large object (usually the moon) moves in front of one that appears much smaller (such as a distant star).
This is an occultation of the planet Saturn (small object on right) by the moon (large object) that was photographed in November 2001.Philipp Salzgeber/Wikimedia Commons (CC-BY-SA 2.0)
The moon has no real atmosphere to block light from behind it. That's why some of the most scientifically interesting occultations occur when our moon moves in front of distant stars. Suddenly, the light from an object occulted by the moon disappears. It's almost as if a light switch flicked off.
This sudden absence of light has helped scientists in many ways. First, it has let astronomers discover that what they first thought was a single star might actually be two. (They would have orbited each other so closely the scientists couldn't separate the stars visually.) Occultations also have helped researchers better pin down distant sources of some radio waves. (Because radio waves have a long wavelength, it can be hard to tell their source by looking at that radiation alone.)
Finally, planetary scientists have used occultations to learn more about lunar topography — landscape features, such as mountains and valleys. When the ragged edge of the moon barely blocks a star, light can briefly peek through as it emerges from behind mountains and ridges. But it shine unimpeded through deep valleys that are pointed toward Earth.
On rare occasions, other planets in our solar system can pass in front of a distant star. Most such occultations don't yield much new information. But big surprises occasionally turn up. Take 1977, when Uranus passed in front of a distant star. Scientists who meant to study the atmosphere of this gas planet noticed something weird. Light from the star flickered 5 times before the planet passed in front of the star. It flickered another five times as it was leaving the star behind. Those flickers suggested the presence of five small rings around the planet. But no one could confirm they existed until NASA's Voyager 2 spacecraft flew by the planet nine years later, in 1986.
Even asteroids can occult the light from distant stars. Those events let astronomers measure the diameter of asteroids more accurately than with other methods. The longer that light from a star is blocked, the larger the asteroid must be. By combining observations taken from several different spots on Earth, researchers can map out the form of even oddly shaped asteroids.
In this composite image from June 5, 2012, the planet Venus (small black dot) transits, or passes in front of, the sun as seen from the space-based Solar Dynamics Observatory.NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center/SDO
Like an occultation, a transit is a type of eclipse. Here, a small object moves in front of a distant object that appears much larger. In our solar system, only the planets Mercury and Venus can transit across the sun from Earth's viewpoint. (That's because the other planets are farther than us from the sun and thus can never come between us.) Some asteroids and comets, however, can transit the sun from our point of view.
Scientists have always been interested in transits. In 1639, astronomers used observations of a transit of Venus — and simple geometry — to come up with their best estimate until that time of the distance between the Earth and the sun. In 1769, British astronomers sailed halfway around the world to New Zealand to see a transit of Mercury. That event couldn't be seen in England. From data the astronomers collected, they were able to tell that Mercury has no atmosphere.
When an exoplanet passes in front of its parent star, it blocks light in a regular pattern that tells scientists how big the planet it, as well as how often it orbits the star.Silver Spoon/Wikipedia Commons (CC-BY-SA-3.0)
When an object passes in front of the sun, it blocks a little bit of light. Usually, because the sun is so large, much less than 1 percent of the light will be blocked. But that small change in light can be measured by ultra-sensitive instruments. In fact, a regular and repeated pattern of slight dimming is one technique that some astronomers have used to detect exoplanets — ones orbiting distant stars. The method doesn't work for all distant solar systems, however. For transits to occur, such solar systems have to be oriented so that they appear edge-on as seen from Earth.
Corrections: This article has been corrected for one reference to a full moon that should have said new moon, and to a proportion of blocked sunlight in the last paragraph that had read more than 1 percent and now reads less than 1 percent. Finally, the section on solar eclipses has been corrected to note that people inside an antumbra will see the moon's silhouette surrounded by a ring of sunlight (not a partially lit moon).
annulus (adj. annular) A ring-shaped object or opening.
antumbra That part of the moon's shadow during an eclipose that continues on beyond its umbra. As with a penumbra, the moon's only partly blocks the sun. For someone in the antumbra, the sun appears bigger than the moon, which will appear in silhouette. An annular eclipse occurs when someone in the moon's shadow on Earth passes through the antumbra.
asteroid A rocky object in orbit around the sun. Most asteroids orbit in a region that falls between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. Astronomers refer to this region as the asteroid belt.
atmosphere The envelope of gases surrounding Earth or another planet.
average (in science) A term for the arithmetic mean, which is the sum of a group of numbers that is then divided by the size of the group.
black hole A region of space having a gravitational field so intense that no matter or radiation (including light) can escape.
celestial (in astronomy) Of or relating to the sky, or outer space.
chemical A substance formed from two or more atoms that unite (bond) in a fixed proportion and structure. For example, water is a chemical made when two hydrogen atoms bond to one oxygen atom. Its chemical formula is H2O. Chemical can also be used as an adjective to describe properties of materials that are the result of various reactions between different compounds.
comet A celestial object consisting of a nucleus of ice and dust. When a comet passes near the sun, gas and dust vaporize off the comet's surface, creating its trailing "tail."
corona The envelope of the sun (and other stars). The sun's corona is normally visible only during a total solar eclipse, when it is seen as an irregularly shaped, pearly glow surrounding the darkened disk of the moon.
diameter The length of a straight line that runs through the center of a circle or spherical object, starting at the edge on one side and ending at the edge on the far side.
eclipse This occurs when two celestial bodies line up in space so that one totally or partially obscures the other. In a solar eclipse, the sun, moon and Earth line up in that order. The moon casts its shadow on the Earth. From Earth, it looks like the moon is blocking out the sun. In a lunar eclipse, the three bodies line up in a different order — sun, Earth, moon — and the Earth casts its shadow on the moon, turning the moon a deep red.
electron A negatively charged particle, usually found orbiting the outer regions of an atom; also, the carrier of electricity within solids.
element (in chemistry) Each of more than one hundred substances for which the smallest unit of each is a single atom. Examples include hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, lithium and uranium.
ellipse An oval curve that is geometrically a flattened circle.
excite (in chemistry and physics) To transfer energy to one or more outer electrons in an atom. They remain in this higher energy state until they shed the extra energy through the emission of some type of radiation, such as light.
exoplanet A planet that orbits a star outside the solar system. Also called an extrasolar planet.
field (in physics) A region in space where certain physical effects operate, such as magnetism (created by a magnetic field), gravity (by a gravitational field), mass (by a Higgs field) or electricity (by an electrical field).
galaxy A massive group of stars bound together by gravity. Galaxies, which each typically include between 10 million and 100 trillion stars, also include clouds of gas, dust and the remnants of exploded stars.
geometry The mathematical study of shapes, especially points, lines, planes, curves and surfaces.
helium An inert gas that is the lightest member of the noble gas series. Helium can become a solid at -272 degrees Celsius (-458 degrees Fahrenheit).
hybrid An organism produced by interbreeding of two animals or plants of different species or of genetically distinct populations within a species. Such offspring often possess genes passed on by each parent, yielding a combination of traits not known in previous generations. The term is also used in reference to any object that is a mix of two or more things.
lunar Of or relating to Earth's moon.
Milky Way The galaxy in which Earth's solar system resides.
moon The natural satellite of any planet.
NASA Short for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Created in 1958, this U.S. agency has become a leader in space research and in stimulating public interest in space exploration. It was through NASA that the United States sent people into orbit and ultimately to the moon. It also has sent research craft to study planets and other celestial objects in our solar system.
new moon The phase of the moon that appears fully dark, when viewed from Earth. At this time, the moon will sit between the earth and sun. So the lunar face lit by the sun is turned away from us.
New Zealand An island nation in the southwest Pacific Ocean, roughly 1,500 kilometers (some 900 miles) east of Australia. Its "mainland" — consisting of a North and South Island — is quite volcanically active. In addition, the country includes many far smaller offshore islands.
occultation A celestial eclipse-like event in which an object that appears large from Earth, such as the moon, obscures a smaller-seeming object, such as a distant star.
orbit The curved path of a celestial object or spacecraft around a star, planet or moon. One complete circuit around a celestial body.
penumbra The outer edges of the moon's shadow, a zone that is not completely dark. During a solar eclipse, people within the moon's penumbra will see only a partial blockage of the sun's light.
phenomena Events or developments that are surprising or unusual.
planet A celestial object that orbits a star, is big enough for gravity to have squashed it into a roundish ball and has cleared other objects out of the way in its orbital neighborhood. To accomplish the third feat, the object must be big enough to have pulled neighboring objects into the planet itself or to have slung them around the planet and off into outer space. Astronomers of the International Astronomical Union (IAU) created this three-part scientific definition of a planet in August 2006 to determine Pluto's status. Based on that definition, IAU ruled that Pluto did not qualify. The solar system now includes eight planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.
radiation (in physics) One of the three major ways that energy is transferred. (The other two are conduction and convection.) In radiation, electromagnetic waves carry energy from one place to another. Unlike conduction and convection, which need material to help transfer the energy, radiation can transfer energy across empty space.
radio To send and receive radio waves, or the device that receives these transmissions.
radio waves Waves in a part of the electromagnetic spectrum. They are a type that people now use for long-distance communication. Longer than the waves of visible light, radio waves are used to transmit radio and television signals. They also are used in radar.
relativity (in physics) A theory developed by physicist Albert Einstein showing that neither space nor time are constant, but instead affected by one's velocity and the mass of things in your vicinity.
solar eclipse An event in which the moon passes between the Earth and sun and obscures the sun, at least partially. In a total solar eclipse, the moon appears to cover the entire sun, revealing on the outer layer, the corona. If you were to view an eclipse from space, you would see the moon's shadow traveling in a line across the surface of the Earth.
solar system The eight major planets and their moons in orbit around our sun, together with smaller bodies in the form of dwarf planets, asteroids, meteoroids and comets.
star The basic building block from which galaxies are made. Stars develop when gravity compacts clouds of gas. When they become dense enough to sustain nuclear-fusion reactions, stars will emit light and sometimes other forms of electromagnetic radiation. The sun is our closest star.
sun The star at the center of Earth's solar system. It's an average size star about 26,000 light-years from the center of the Milky Way galaxy. Also a term for any sunlike star.
supernova (plural: supernovae or supernovas) A massive star that suddenly increases greatly in brightness because of a catastrophic explosion that ejects most of its mass.
theory (in science) A description of some aspect of the natural world based on extensive observations, tests and reason. A theory can also be a way of organizing a broad body of knowledge that applies in a broad range of circumstances to explain what will happen. Unlike the common definition of theory, a theory in science is not just a hunch. Ideas or conclusions that are based on a theory — and not yet on firm data or observations — are referred to as theoretical. Scientists who use mathematics and/or existing data to project what might happen in new situations are known as theorists.
transit (in astronomy) The passing of a planet, asteroid or comet across the face of a star, or of a moon across the face of a planet.
umbra The darkest part of the moon's shadow during a solar eclipse. For people on Earth passing within the umbra, the moon will appear to totally cover the sun, briefly blacking out its light.
unique Something that is unlike anything else; the only one of its kind.
Venus The second planet out from the sun, it has a rocky core, just as Earth does. Venus lost most of its water long ago. The sun's ultraviolet radiation broke apart those water molecules, allowing their hydrogen atoms to escape into space. Volcanoes on the planet's surface spewed high levels of carbon dioxide, which built up in the planet's atmosphere. Today the air pressure at the planet's surface is 100 times greater than on Earth, and the atmosphere now keeps the surface of Venus a brutal 460° Celsius (860° Fahrenheit).
wave A disturbance or variation that travels through space and matter in a regular, oscillating fashion.
wavelength The distance between one peak and the next in a series of waves, or the distance between one trough and the next. Visible light — which, like all electromagnetic radiation, travels in waves — includes wavelengths between about 380 nanometers (violet) and about 740 nanometers (red). Radiation with wavelengths shorter than visible light includes gamma rays, X-rays and ultraviolet light. Longer-wavelength radiation includes infrared light, microwaves and radio waves.
NASA. "Lunar eclipses and the moon's orbit." April 10, 2014.
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faults, based on the nature of the slip that takes place on the fault.
Now, let's imagine that we've got an intact block.
Let's imagine now that that rock has been broken by a fault.
this particular fault has a slope.
relative to the rock below the fault, then we end up with a geometry like this.
And we can show the sense of displacement by these half arrows.
That's the fault scarp right there.
the rock below the fault, which geologists refer to as the foot wall.
geologists refer to this kind of fault as a normal fault.
Now, you might wonder, why do you call it a normal fault?
Well, there's nothing normal about it.
was a place where most faults had this kind of geometry.
And so the people working there called them normal faults.
But there's really nothing normal.
it's now ingrained in the literature, and we're stuck with it.
Now, let's imagine that instead of this geometry, the opposite happens.
This time, we're going to take the hanging wall and move it up.
In this case, the hanging wall has moved up relative to the foot wall.
This is called a reverse fault.
So, we have normal faults where the hanging wall moves down.
We have reverse faults where the hanging wall moves up.
the change in length of this block of rock is different.
Geologists refer to squeezing as compression, and stretching as tension.
Compression and tension are types of stresses.
tension by arrows pointing away from each other.
Stress can change the shape of rocks.
Specifically, compression causes shortening, a decrease in length.
Whereas tension causes extension or lengthening.
it also changes the nature of the crust.
Let's imagine a simple situation depicted in this simple diagram.
Here, we have a marker layer that has been offset by a fault.
So when we start our view, the fault is a pre-existing structure.
Now, imagine that this region is subjected to compressive stress.
overcomes the asperities that have locked the fault in place.
And suddenly, the fault slips.
there maybe new rock that's breaking at its tip.
But also, the pre-existing part of the fault undergoes slip.
And in this case, that results in further displacement of the red marker bed.
can slip again once they already exist.
And both of these situations lead to the development of an earthquake.
What about when things slide sideways?
Let's imagine that we've got a block.
move it relative to the other.
geometry or we can have this geometry.
Both of these are examples of what geologists refer to as strike-slip faults.
I'm looking that direction, this block moved to my left.
So, this is called left-lateral.
the block slides to the right.
that occur on the planet.
So, these are just useful adjectives for describing faults.


(also called the "Battle of the Nations", 16–19 October 1813) A decisive battle in the Napoleonic Wars. It was fought just outside the city of Leipzig in Saxony, by an army under Napoleon of some 185,000 French, Saxon, and other allied German troops, against a force of some 350,000 troops from Austria, Prussia, Russia, and Sweden, under the overall command of Schwarzenberg. Napoleon took up a defensive position and at first successfully resisted attacks by Schwarzenberg from the south and Blücher from the north. The next day Russian and Swedish troops arrived, while Napoleon's Saxon troops deserted him. The battle raged for nine hours, but at midnight Napoleon ordered a retreat. This began in an orderly fashion until, early in the afternoon of 19 October, a bridge was mistakenly blown up, stranding the French rear‐guard of 30,000 crack troops, who were captured. Following the battle French power east of the Rhine collapsed as more and more German princes deserted Napoleon, who abdicated in 1814.


My baskets blend the historical with the present through color, pattern, surface embellishment, and form. I am inspired by the classical shapes typical of Shaker and Appalachian baskets but I travel back over seven centuries for the most profound influence on my work: The Nature Sequence, developed by Leonardo of Pisa (Italy). Better known by his nickname, Fibonacci (ca 1170-1250), he was considered the most outstanding mathematician of the middle ages. The Nature Sequence, also known as Fibonacci Numbers, is written by starting with two 1s, adding them to get 2, then adding the next two numbers successively: the first few terms being 1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55,89, etc. After the first few Fibonacci numbers, the ratios of any two progressing numbers approximate the Golden Mean (1:1.618 or 5:8), which has been used to unify design since ancient Greece. Because Fibonacci numbers approach infinity, the design possibilities are unlimited. The ratios are found in the spacing of the spirals on seashells, on pineapples, in the arrangement of the florets in the center of a daisy or sunflower, and in the curve of an elephant's tusk. Man has used the ratios in the shape of playing cards and window frames, on the piano keyboard and in the structure of great buildings. Farmers have used Fibonacci numbers to rotate their crops, stockbrokers have used them in investments, and computer engineers use them in computer programming. I use the Fibonacci numbers in my baskets. The rhythm of the pattern seems predetermined as if by nature itself.
Initially, I was concerned by my inability to free form, random weave, and become more expressive in expanding the possibility of a basket. However, the sense of order I gained by incorporating Fibonacci numbers in almost all of my work evolved into my "style," a natural progression of balancing a family with a career. As I have become more secure in my work, I have felt more comfortable with the order in what I do and it has become the basis for the direction in which I want to continue. I want to expand the possibilities of design while maintaining function. This object called a basket should look like a basket and not be so far removed from form and function that it is not discernible as a basket.
Seneca said that art imitates nature. Whether viewed as art or craft, my baskets demonstrate this. The weaving utilizes a mathematical structure of spiral growth found in nature to create baskets with a rhythmic, naturally flowing design. They are both visual and tactile, beckoning the viewer to touch and explore with the eyes and hands. I do not separate myself from nature but through my weaving, affirm being a part of it.


Blueberry muffins, sweet, moist and tender, packed with rolled oats and oozing juicy blueberries for a tasty and nutritious afternoon snack.
Oatmeal muffins packed with oozing juicy blueberries for a tasty and nutritious afternoon snack. The berry juice gives these muffins extra flavor.
"You can do anything as long as you put your mind into it" is the message Pixar is spreading with its new movie release "Monsters University".
Have you seen it? It has just been released. If you loved Monsters Inc, you must go and watch the prequel, Monsters University, no matter how young or old are you.
To celebrate its release I planned a monstrous afternoon packed with blueberry muffins, games and allowing Tiffany to watch Monsters Inc.
I have to say, I was impressed with her behavior. I was expecting to have her up at night and make me look under the bed for monsters, but she had no problem with that. "Mommy, they are only in the TV" she told me before she went to bed. I love this girl!
For our Monsters University inspired day, I made some tasty muffins packed with rolled oats, fresh blueberries and a little added flavor from the Juicy Juice berry juice. The muffins turned out moist and tender, the berries were oozing with juice and the cinnamon sugar sprinkled on top made these blueberry muffins the perfect snack for our fun-filled afternoon.
To celebrate the release of Monsters University, Juice Juice is offering LOTS of prizes including a family trip to Pixar Studios and a $5000 cash scholarship. To enter the sweepstakes all you have to do is buy a Juicy Juice product, enter the code on the Juicy Juice website and redeem your instant prize!!!
Preheat oven to 400F. Line a 12 cup muffin pan with paper cups.
In a small bowl, add the oats and berry juice and stir to combine. Set aside for 5 minutes.
In a mixing bowl, add flour, sugar, baking powder and salt.
Stir in the oil and egg and the moistened oats.
With a spatula, fold in blueberries. Spoon batter into the prepared muffin cups.
Sprinkle the muffins with some sugar in the raw and ground cinnamon.
I love blueberry muffins, these would make a perfect breakfast!
Aww, these are so fun! I love a good Monsters Inc. inspired day... that's one of my favorite animated movies! Thanks for sharing these lovely muffins, Roxana. Enjoy your weekend!
These look wonderful! Great idea to add oats for a little extra heartiness.
We saw the movie over the weekend - very cute! These muffins are such a fun idea - great snack!
These are beautiful, Roxana! I love the sugar crystals on top. They look delicious.
My girls saw the movie last weekend and enjoyed every bit of it! I am sure that they will enjoy these muffins as well. Smart to add the oatmeal in for a bit more health and heartiness into it!
The raw sugar looks perfect on a even perfect muffin. Lightly buttered I could eat this every morning.
Those muffins look delish! Now I'm ready to bake!


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text:
A Christmas Carol Quotes: The Christmas Spirit | SparkNotes
Spirits of christmas a rocknroll christmas carol, A Christmas Carol – Trinity Repertory CompanyA Christmas Carol (1999 film) - WikipediaA Christmas Carol. The classic ghost story by Charles Dickens, abridged in 9 audio episodes for KS2 - accompanied with in-screen text. Episode 5: The second of the three spirits. Scrooge is Christmas Carol Parade brightens Porterville | News A Christmas Carol recounts the story of Ebenezer Scrooge, an elderly miser who is visited by the ghost of his former business partner Jacob Marley and the spirits of Christmas Past, Present and Yet to Come. After their visits, Scrooge is transformed into a kinder, gentler man.Sep 11, 2016 - Explore Herma Darkis-Franchvilles board "Heavy metal Christmas songs", followed by 141 people on Pinterest. See more ideas about heavy metal christmas, christmas song, songs.BBC Learning English - Dramas from BBC Learning English Dec 02, 2020The Spirit of Christmas Present (sometimes referred to as the Ghost of Christmas Past and Spirit) is the third of the four ghosts who visit Ebenezer Scrooge, preceded by Jacob Marley, Spirit of Christmas Past and followed by the Spirit of Christmas Yet to Come. Charles Dickenss A Christmas Carol Book: A …The three "spirits" of Christmas past, present, and future are here. And they've brought alcohol.A Christmas Carol - eNotes.comA Christmas Carol (1984) (TV Movie) Some unique elements are copied from this earlier version, including the idea that Ebs mother died from his birth, and the use of the same music at Fezziwigs party.A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, commonly known as A Christmas Carol, is a novella by Charles Dickens, first published in London by Chapman & Hall in 1843 and illustrated by John Leech. A Christmas Carol recounts the story of Ebenezer Scrooge, an elderly miser who is visited by the ghost of his former business partner Jacob Marley and the spirits of Christmas Past Spirit of Christmas Present | A Christmas Carol Wiki | FandomDec 17, 2020Jacob Marley is a fictional character in Charles Dickenss novella A Christmas Carol (1843), having been the business partner of the miser Ebenezer Scrooge. A good man of business, at the time of the storys setting on Christmas Eve he has been dead for seven years that night and Marleys ghost visits Scrooge at the beginning of the story to warn him that he will be visited by three other Jacob Marley - WikipediaSpirit of Acadiana: Christmas Carol Outtakes KATC Lafayette, LA. UP NEXT. Deployed dads return leaves children speechless USA TODAY; 7 Sex and the City Trends Blake Lively, Meghan Markle and More Dec 18, 2020Help him dress up in elegant Victorian fashion as he sees the ghost of Jacob Marley, the Spirit of Christmas Past, the Spirit of Christmas Present and the Spirit of Christmas Yet to Come. Change the scenes in the window to different settings from "A Christmas Carol". Play the Spirits of Christmas dressup game and join the fun!Dec 11, 2020A Christmas Carol (1951) - Connections - IMDbSep 11, 2016 - Explore Herma Darkis-Franchvilles board "Heavy metal Christmas songs", followed by 141 people on Pinterest. See more ideas about heavy metal christmas, christmas song, songs.Eve scene of the not-too-distant future, one when Scrooge himself has died, alone and un-mourned due to his own foul nature, and when Tiny Tim has died because of Scrooges greed.

 The Christmas Carol series has been a signature line for Byers Choice since the 1980s. You need to look no further than the transformation of Dickens beloved character Ebenezer Scrooge to discover the The First of the Three Spirits. When Scrooge awoke, it was so dark that he could scarcely distinguish the transparent window from the opaque [1] walls of his chamber, until suddenly the church clock tolled a deep, dull, hollow, melancholy ONE.. Light flashed, and the curtains of his bed were drawn aside by a strange figure — like a child: yet not so like a child as like an old man.A Christmas Story Radio Play - WQON and WGRY are radio stations in Grayling, MI in the the United States. The station broadcasts on 100.3, and is popularly known as Q100.3 The Only Place for Rock & Roll. WGRY 101.1 FM Up North Sports Radio station features CBS Sport Radio with Jim Rome, Detroit Tigers, Detroit Red Wings, Detroit Pistons, Detroit Lions and University of Michigan."Christmas Spirit is not something you can turn off like a faucet on December 26th!" - Lorelai …the man who invented christmas how charles dickenss a christmas carol rescued his career and revived our holiday spirits Nov 30, 2020 Posted By Michael Crichton Ltd TEXT ID 012077d2f Online PDF Ebook Epub Library has been said and the man who invented christmas how charles dickenss a christmas carol rescued his career and revived our holiday spirits english edition ebookArchives: Search for "christmas" - The Austin ChronicleEven dogs can get into the spirit of the season. Over the decades, Christmas carols have all been covered in a variety of styles. Songs like "White Christmas" have been adapted to rock n Department 56 Dickens Christmas Village Christmas Carol Dec 10, 2014Peter Curtis: Exploring the Jewish Side of Christmas Oct 03, 2013Game - A Christmas Carol | A Christmas CarolAug 02, 2020A Christmas Carol | Reading Quiz - QuizizzNov 20, 2019In the story, the narrator explains this change in the atmosphere, metaphorically, as the work of the Ghost of Christmas Present: He sprinkles magic from his torch, making people cheerier, kinder, and more forgiving than usual, and even making food taste better. Essentially, the spirit of Christmas exists anywhere people observe Christmas.Top 58 Christmas Songs for You to Download 2020Sad Christmas? NOW is Prime Time to Revive Your Spirit.123Greetings: Search printable christmas cards ecardsToni Braxton is in the holiday spirit with Lifetime movie The Last of the Spirits. The Phantom slowly, gravely, [1] silently approached. When it came near him, Scrooge bent down upon his knee; for in the air through which this Spirit moved it seemed to scatter gloom [2] and mystery.. It was shrouded [3] in a deep black garment, which concealed [4] its head, its face, its form, and left nothing of it visible save one outstretched hand.Spirit of Christmas Past is an entity that shows Ebenezer Scrooge the past in order for him to change his ways. In the 1935 filmScrooge, the Ghost is portrayed as an outline. In the 1938 version ofA Christmas Carol, the Ghost is portrayed as an angelic young woman. In the 1951 filmA Christmas Carol, the Ghost is an elderly man. In this version, the story is changed so that Fan is older than History of Christmas Trees - HISTORYDec 18, 2019A Christmas Carol - Part 3: The second of three spirits Episode 170113 / 13 Jan 2017 Ebenezer Scrooge seems to be changing his ways. He has learnt a lesson from a ghost which took him to the pastDec 24, 201910 Christmas movies to get you into the holiday spirit The Spirit of Christmas 2017 | Wigglepedia | FandomThis was a cute rewrite of Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol. Updated to modern times, with a rock 'n' roll theme, this novel is a fun adventure with the Ghosts of Christmas Past, Present and Future, otherwise known to the main character Jude as Past, Present and Fu. Each of these spirits appear to Jude one night just before Christmas.Street-side 'Christmas Carol' joins Spirit of ChristmasAug 13, 201835 A Christmas Carol Quotes from Scrooge, Tiny Tim Dec 18, 2019Even dogs can get into the spirit of the season. Over the decades, Christmas carols have all been covered in a variety of styles. Songs like "White Christmas" have been adapted to rock n Spirit of Christmas Past. Dickens "A Christmas Carol" An angel in all lacey white with silver hair and a sprig of holly, she implores scrooge to remember days past when he was a different man. About 10" tallA Christmas Carol - Part 4: The third of three spirits Episode 170120 / 20 Jan 2017 Ebenezer Scrooge is getting used to the company of ghosts, but heres one he doesnt expect.1 day agoA Loud Christmas Carol:Spirit of Christmas Present by Jennifer Resolme is the Ghost of Christmas Past in "A Christmas Carol" at Ovation Theatre. Photo by Todd Powers Nate Logan is the Ghost of Christmas Present in "A Christmas Carol" at Ovation Theatre.In Charles Dickens novel, A Christmas Carol, a grumpy and selfish old man, Ebenezer Scrooge, was visited in his dream by three spirits. It all started in the morning of Christmas Eve when Scrooge came across into some events which made him started thinking and dreaming about his past, present and future with 3 different sprits.Dec 24, 2020FX's A Christmas Carol: The Spirit of Christmas in Spirit of Acadiana: Christmas Carol Outtakesspirit future carolers christmas halloween collections a Five ways the Alliance Theatre's drive-in Christmas Carol Five ways the Alliance Theatre's drive-in Christmas Carol The Spirit of Christmas 1998 is the fifth compilation album of Christmas-associated tracks in the annual Spirit of Christmas series. It was released in Australia in November 1998 with proceeds going to the Starlight Foundation. The compilation has contributions from various Australian artists and was produced by Lindsay Field (also compiler) and Glenn Wheatley. It was issued on cassette and CD "A Christmas Carol" is, as might be expected of a meditation on the spirit of Christmas, a literary work that operates most profoundly on the level of theology. It could be argued and has been argued that, after Shakespeare, Charles Dickens is the finest writer in the English language.The Derbez Christmas spirit: Alessandra Rosaldo shared the The Last of the Three Spirits – A Christmas CarolCholesterol Free Chtistmas Fare : Best Foods/Hellmanns Spirits of Christmas: A Rock n Roll Christmas Carol by Nicky Wells is a December 13th release. I received a copy of this book from the author in exchange for an honest review. Jude and his band The Blood Roses have just been booed off the stage. The band no longer has …Families gather and, those who are alone, ponder the absence of family. A jolly Christmas carol, or a sentimental holiday ballad, can help lift even the loneliest spirit. And jazz guitarist Peter Curtis does just that on his new album, Christmas with Your Jewish Boyfriend.A Christmas Carol, ranked: Whos your favorite Scrooge How many nights did Scrooge spend with the spirits. answer choices . One. Two. Three. Four. Tags: Question 16 . SURVEY . 30 seconds . Q. What could a theme for A Christmas Carol be? answer choices . that a person can change no matter what their past actions were. When life gets hard, give up. Christmas is the best time of the year. People who An essay on A Christmas Carol 1026 Words | 4 Pages. A Christmas Carol is a famous novel written by Charles Dickens, the most popular writer of the Victorian Era. The novel is based on a fictitious character named Ebenezer Scrooge, who is a grumpy, mean spirited money lender described by Dickens as 'a tight fisted hand at the grindstone'.Dec 17, 2020It is known that the Derbez are lovers of Christmas and every year they share with their followers their clothing, gifts and seasonal decorations to show the emotion that is experienced within the family this Christmas it is that recently the popular characters of the Mexican entertainment have been…Jan 25, 2021Hanover Theatres Christmas Carol Reimagined builds on Let the spirits move you in Ovations Christmas Carol Dec 26, 2020Spirits of Christmas Past • The Yellow Springs NewsThe movie A Nashville Christmas Carol inspired the Spirit of Christmas Past Blazer. Kix Brooks plays the main role in the show. The blazer is the choice of fans.A Christmas Carol Radio Play The Dickens classic, A Christmas Carol, performed at Kirtland Center for the Performing art on Dec. 19th 2015. Rebroadcasted on Christmas Eve and Christmas Day at 7pm.The Day - Toni Braxton is in the holiday spirit with Dec 06, 2020Dec 25, 2019A Christmas Carol (Radio Spirits Version - Dramatized) by Oct 27, 2020A Christmas Carol - Wikipedia
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Happy Tea Time Tuesday! After a busy day....blood test, errands, Etsy shipping and visiting with my dad this afternoon, I took a little break for some tea. I am waiting for spring to come. It was supposed to be nice today, but the rains moved in and it was another gray day. I am used to rain living in the Pacific NW, but it has been so wet this year. UGH. So I am enjoying any bit of spring that I can. I put up all my Easter things last weekend and that cheered me up.
I just love this sweet little teacup. The overall rose pattern is so darling and I love the soft green trim.
The teacup and saucer is marked Rosina, is bone china and was made in England.
These sweet bunny ladies are enjoying a spot of tea today too!
I love this little bunny's outfit. She is ready for spring!
This is the tea I am enjoying today. The packaging is so cute.
I am going to a quilt retreat at the coast next week and can't wait. This is one of the projects I am going to make with a layer cake pack and the sweet little flower fabric will be used as the binding. I am totally into floral and flower prints this spring. Pink pink pink!
A perfect match! Did you have time for tea today? I hope so.
What a sweet cup. I love this pattern tiny roses. The bunny is very funny in the pink hat. Have a nice day.


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text:
Los Angeles County beaches reopen in a coronavirus milestone
Laura J. Nelson, Colleen Shalby, Sarah Parvini
May 13, 2020, 10:42 AM ·4 min read
After a six-week closure, Los Angeles County beaches are reopening Wednesday to limited activities in what amounts to a small but symbolic milestone in the effort to slowly ease stay-at-home orders implemented to slow the spread of the coronavirus.
Permitted activities will include running, walking, swimming and surfing. Group sports like volleyball are prohibited.
More languid activities, including picnicking and sunbathing, and their accessories — canopies, coolers and the like — will continue to be prohibited.
Face coverings will be mandatory for anyone on the sand but not for people in the water. Beachgoers will be required to practice social distancing by staying at least six feet away from other groups, the department said.
Beach parking lots, bike paths, piers and boardwalks will remain closed.
The county's beaches have been closed since late March. The planned reopening comes days after California began allowing some portions of the economy to reopen, including offering curbside pickup at bookstores, clothiers, flower shops and other retailers.
County health officials will be evaluating how well the beach reopening goes, Public Health Director Barbara Ferrer said, including whether people are able to keep moving and not gather in one place.
Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti said Monday that he supports reopening the city's beaches for active recreation, with some restrictions. Sitting or tanning in the "dry areas of sand" would not be a good idea right now, Garcetti said.
"But the wet sand area — if you need to get in there to swim, to surf … that is something I hope we can earn again."
Manhattan Beach Mayor Richard Montgomery said Monday in a statement that if beachgoers don't follow the new rules, the shoreline could be closed again by state and local officials. Violators could also face fines and criminal prosecution, the city said.
The restrictions closely match new policies at Orange County beaches. Some coastal areas, including Seal Beach and Dana Point, received permission to reopen after Gov. Gavin Newsom ordered a temporary "hard closure" on April 30, citing concerns with crowds.
If Newsom or Los Angeles County health officials see evidence of beachgoers not practicing social distancing, "they can and will close us down, as they did in Orange County," Redondo Beach Mayor Bill Brand said on his Facebook page.
He added: "So please, hit the beach, do your thing, and leave. No hanging out for this first phase."
Long Beach is also opening its beaches.
The move "signifies a step towards more opportunities to enjoy our open spaces," Long Beach Mayor Robert Garcia said in a statement. "I know that many in our community have been looking forward to more recreation and I'm urging everyone to continue practicing physical distancing so we can continue moving forward safely."
On Tuesday, health officials in Los Angeles County — a coronavirus hot spot in California with more than 1,600 deaths — also signaled that progress toward reopening could be slow, with some stay-at-home orders lasting well into the summer.
Ferrer told the Board of Supervisors on Tuesday that she didn't see the timeline shortening without "dramatic change to the virus and tools at hand." She later added that while the stay-at-home policy would likely remain, some individual restrictions will be "gradually relaxed" under the county's five-step plan.
"Our hope is that by using the data, we'd be able to slowly lift restrictions over the next three months," she said. But without widely available testing for the coronavirus or rapid home kits that would allow people to test themselves daily, it seems unlikely that the social distancing directives and stay-at-home orders would be completely eased, she said.
Other local officials said they would support lifting more rules if conditions improved and health experts said it's safe to do so.
A few days ago, officials lifted restrictions on hiking trails, parks and golf courses, but there is no specific timetable for what rules could be lifted next.
"We're not moving past COVID-19, we're learning to live with it," Garcetti said.
Eric Decker won't get a vasectomy. An expert says his reason is misguided
Northern California reacts to release of videos of Tyre Nichols' beating by police: Jan. 27 at 7 p.m.
MTN 10 o'clock News on Q2 with Russ Riesinger 1-27-23
KTVQ


Blame me for not getting more women onto corporate boards and management teams You'll recognize the dramaturgy of media. When the smart, knowledgeable women is sitting on the morning show on the International Women's Day, it will be like any other year.
Having discussed the latest findings displaying that there still are very few women on the board of listed companies or the fact that there's still a majority of men on most companies management team, the host of the show will feel the need to ask that question.
And so the host will lean forward, with wrinkled eyebrows and ask "…girls, why is it still like this? Who's to blame?" Because that's how media is working; we want a name, an age and a picture so that we can publish something, point our fingers and write that that have been unavailable for a comment.
In an attempt to make it easier for everyone involved, I have decided to come forward. My name is Per Grankvist, I'm 35 years old and you'll find my face in the byline. I'm the one responsible for not including women in management teams and on boards of listed companies. If you wish to change this, no one is more important than me.
Someone might be pointing to the works of those women networks who have been producing lists of women that would make great addition to boards of listed companies. Have their work not been of great importance? Sure, but my work is even more important.
Or you might be pointing to those bright female economists who have published eloquently written op-eds filled with rational arguments and research findings on why successful companies need a healthy mix of gender in their management teams. Have they not affected a lot of people? Maybe, but I affect even more.
And how about those intelligent columnists who have written about the fact that women and men complete each other in business life? Haven't their work played a huge role in shifting peoples perception on this issue? Absolutely, but my work still plays a bigger role.
My name is Per Grankvist, I'm 35 years old and there's no one more important or that assumes a bigger responsibility than me when it comes to increasing the number of women in leading positions in companies or on the boards of listed companies. Unless you too are male, of course.
Because it is only us who constitute the standard that can change it without having to defend our views.
Only us, the middle-aged white men, can affect the nomination committees by expressing that we want more women on the board without being accused of speaking on our own behalf.
Only us, the middle-aged white men, can claim that there are as many talented women as there are men in the organization and not have our claim disputed.
Only us, the middle-aged white men can put forward names of women that we think should fit on the management team without having to listen to go though a discussion on female quotas.
Lets face it; All the initiatives, the op-eds and the chronicles conceived by intelligent, talented, knowledgeable women on this very issue over the past years are of less value than when middle-aged white men decide to act. The standard can only be changed if we who match the current standard allow it to be changed and are brave enough to contribute to it happening.
I'm not on a corporate board, in an nomination committee nor on the management team of a listed company. But brother, maybe you are?


If you would like to continue your generous support of our programs, future contributions may be made payable to "The Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania" and sent to us at the Division of Gastroenterology, 953 Biomedical Research Building II/III, 421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104. Our tax ID number is 23-1352685. All contributions are tax deductible to the full extent by law.
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text:
Car manufacturing on the rise
France's Groupe PSA will begin construction of Algeria's second car-manufacturing plant in April.
The firm agreed in November 2017 to invest €100m (US$118m) in the plant, in which they will take a 49% share alongside local companies. The plant, which will be built on a 120‑ha site in the El Kerma district south of Oran in the north-west, will be completed in the first quarter of 2019, producing an eventual 75,000 vehicles a year, according to the government. A fellow French car manufacturer, Renault, began production at a 25,000-vehicle a year plant in Oran in November 2014.
The project is part of the government's efforts to reduce imports and boost local manufacturing. The government has introduced new regulations detailing the application of measures introduced in the 2017 budget to increase the contribution of local subcontractors to vehicle manufacturing, an adviser to the Ministry of Industry and Mines, Mustapha Abdelkrim, told state radio on February 25th. An inter-ministerial decree stipulates that vehicle manufacturing and assembly projects must achieve a local integration rate of 15% of total jobs created after three years of operations and at least 40% after five years.
The new factory will create 1,000 direct jobs and thousands of indirect jobs, according to the government. Land around the plant has been set aside for local subcontractors. The contract also stipulates that PSA create a training academy for Algeria's vehicle-assembly industry to help develop the local workforce.
Algeria's push to encourage car retailers to take a stake in vehicle assembly is helping to reduce imports of finished vehicles, according to the latest figures published by the state customs agency. Imports of vehicle parts for assembly doubled to US$1.8bn in 2017 from US$897m in 2016, while imports of finished vehicles fell from US$1.22bn to US$328m over the same period. However, the government's policy of encouraging domestic production was hit by controversy in 2017 when it was discovered that vehicles were being imported with nothing left to assemble but the wheels.
Impact on the forecast
We maintain our policy forecast that development of Algeria's local car-manufacturing sector will help to diversify the economy, but to a limited degree. The industrial sector contributes just 5% to GDP, and diversification away from oil and gas continues to be impeded by the poor business environment and challenging government restrictions.
North Africa chart of the week: hoping for more rain
Below-average rainfall in the important winter planting season risks shortfalls in North African cereal output in 2023.
Politics | December 22nd 2022
Africa-US summit hits the reset button—but will it work?
The true impact of attempts to reset US-Africa relations will not be evident for several years.
What to watch in commodities in 2023
Commodities prices will remain elevated in 2023 as China, climate change and conflicts loom large.


text:
package alluxio.client.metrics;

import alluxio.ClientContext;
import alluxio.Constants;
import alluxio.exception.status.AlluxioStatusException;
import alluxio.exception.status.UnavailableException;
import alluxio.grpc.ClientMetrics;
import alluxio.master.MasterClientContext;
import alluxio.master.MasterInquireClient;
import alluxio.metrics.MetricsSystem;
import alluxio.util.logging.SamplingLogger;

import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import javax.annotation.concurrent.ThreadSafe;

/**
 * Task that carries the client metrics information to master through heartheat. This class manages
 * its own {@link MetricsMasterClient}.
 *
 * If the task fails to heartbeat to the master, it will destroy its old master client and recreate
 * it before retrying.
 */
@ThreadSafe
public final class ClientMasterSync {
  private static final Logger SAMPLING_LOG =
      new SamplingLogger(LoggerFactory.getLogger(ClientMasterSync.class),
          30L * Constants.SECOND_MS);

  private final String mApplicationId;
  private final MasterInquireClient mInquireClient;
  private final ClientContext mContext;

  /**
   * Client for communicating to metrics master.
   */
  private RetryHandlingMetricsMasterClient mMasterClient;

  /**
   * Constructs a new {@link ClientMasterSync}.
   *
   * @param appId the application id to send with metrics
   * @param ctx client context
   * @param inquireClient the master inquire client
   */
  public ClientMasterSync(String appId, ClientContext ctx, MasterInquireClient inquireClient) {
    mApplicationId = Preconditions.checkNotNull(appId);
    mInquireClient = inquireClient;
    mContext = ctx;
  }

  /**
   * Sends metrics to the master keyed with appId and client hostname.
   */
  public synchronized void heartbeat() {
    if (mMasterClient == null) {
      if (loadConf()) {
        mMasterClient = new RetryHandlingMetricsMasterClient(MasterClientContext
            .newBuilder(mContext)
            .setMasterInquireClient(mInquireClient)
            .build());
      } else {
        return; // not heartbeat when failed to load conf
      }
    }
    // TODO(zac): Support per FileSystem instance metrics
    // Currently we only support JVM-level metrics. A list is used here because in the near
    // future we will support sending per filesystem client-level metrics.
    List<alluxio.grpc.ClientMetrics> fsClientMetrics = new ArrayList<>();
    List<alluxio.grpc.Metric> metrics = MetricsSystem.reportClientMetrics();
    if (metrics.size() == 0) {
      // Likely when all should report metrics are counters
      // and this client doesn't do any actual operations (only used for meta sync)
      return;
    }
    fsClientMetrics.add(ClientMetrics.newBuilder()
        .setSource(mApplicationId)
        .addAllMetrics(metrics)
        .build());
    try {
      mMasterClient.heartbeat(fsClientMetrics);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      // WARN instead of ERROR as metrics are not critical to the application function
      SAMPLING_LOG.warn("Failed to send metrics to master: {}", e.toString());
    }
  }

  /**
   * Close the metrics master client.
   */
  public synchronized void close() {
    if (mMasterClient != null) {
      mMasterClient.close();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Loads configuration.
   *
   * @return true if successfully loaded configuration
   */
  private boolean loadConf() {
    try {
      InetSocketAddress masterAddr = mInquireClient.getPrimaryRpcAddress();
      mContext.loadConf(masterAddr, true, false);
    } catch (UnavailableException e) {
      SAMPLING_LOG.error("Failed to get master address during initialization: {}", e.toString());
      return false;
    } catch (AlluxioStatusException ae) {
      SAMPLING_LOG.error("Failed to load configuration from "
          + "meta master during initialization: {}", ae.toString());
      return false;
    }
    return true;
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


To request a free visitor guide from Great Sand Dunes NP, Colorado - Tourism Resources, please fill out the form below and click "Submit".
Addresses, phone numbers and contact information for visitor centers and other organizations that provide tourism information in the Great Sand Dunes NP area are listed below. Feel free to call any of them during normal business hours with your questions.
Located in the heart of the San Luis Valley, Alamosa's unique mix of incredible outdoor recreation, unique family attractions and breathtaking scenic wonders makes it a premier vacation destination in Colorado. With affordable lodging, dining and shopping options to complement the endless activities you'll find here, Alamosa is the perfect location for your next trip. Order your free Visitors Guide today.


This poor panda is dangling over the edge of a cliff face and needs your help to escape in..
This panda doesn't want to live in a cage and entertain people at the circus anymore. So he made a plan. He's going to run away and go live freely in the nature. But he needs help. Find the necessary items and help the panda break free.
The courageous little boy decided to escape the kindergarten in order to discover the real..
It's go, Panda, go as this little guy braves every peril in search of his mate in Panda..
Stephen really wants to watch Titanic today. But everything is going so wrong! The TV isn'..
After discovering a time traveling 'portaloo' machine, Panda's life has been a roller..
Use your cursor keys to move Panda and work your way out of the Mazes that Panda does..
It's been a long time since you haven't visited the shelter. What's the matter? When did..
Once upon a time there was a tribe of pandas. Like any other pandas, they ate bamboo, lots..
Panda and his friends were taking a walk in the nature when some evil monsters blocked..
You wake up in a room. You are apparently locked inside, there seems to be no way out of..
The animal earmuffs and hats with ears are incredibly cosy and cute! These fantastic..


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Eoonfirst Red Foil Metallic Cupcake Case Liners Baking Muffin Paper Cases 198 Pcs - An average baking temperature is 350 degrees fahrenheit (350℉=1766℃) , time10-20 minutes. Lifetime satisfaction guarantee if for any reason you are not satisfied with this product, return it for replacement or refund. Red foil cupcake liners, perfect for any qccasion best choice to enhance your birthday, wedding, festival, holiday party, themed celebrations with standard cupcake liners. Warrant period three years(room temperature and no exposure to direct sunlight). Brand eoonfirst, standard baking cups, 100% brand new and high quality, quantity198 pcs.
Meri Meri Cupcake Cases, Stripes and Polka Dot – Pink - This set is deautifully designed and colorful, perfect for any occasion. It fits standard size cupcake or muffin pan. Meri meri products are designed in england and made of quality and eco friendly materials. This pack contains 48 cupcake cases in 2 designs.
Trolls Cupcake Cases - Materialpearlecent art paper high-grade characteristics wedding/holiday paper hollow-out decorative products. Suit for wedding, birthday, party and so on. Please note the cupcake wrappers are not for you to put into the oven, but to decorate the cupcakes or muffins after they are baked. The base diameter 5cm/197" (approx) the top diameter 8cm/315" (approx) height 52cm/205" (approx). Package includes 50 pcs cupcake cases.
Talking Tables Truly Scrumptious Floral Cupcake Cases for a Tea Party or Birthday, Multicolor (60 Pack) - The truly scrumptious range from talking tables is s charming take on vintage party ware. Cupcake stands and other sweet treat displays are only a few of the party decorations available to brighten up your celebration. The range features bunting, napkins, plates and all other party essentials.
Ginger Ray Patchwork Owl Cupcake Cases & Cake Topper Decoration Set, Mixed - 5cm in height. Each topper is around 4. The product is manufactured in china. Our cupcake kit comprises of 50 cake cases in 2 designs and a pack of 20 owl cupcake toppers. Great for home bakers or a party.
Cupcake Wrappers Pack of 50 Beige Filigree Artistic Bake Cake Paper Cups Little Vine Lace Laser Cut Liner Baking Cup Muffin Case Trays for Wedding Party Birthday Decoration -By KEIVA (Beige) - Package list50 cake wrapper. Materialpearlecent art paper high-grade characteristics wedding/holiday paper hollow-out. Perfect for christening, anniversary, engagement, birthday, halloween, christmas banquet, wedding, party, bridal shower, holiday dinner, etc. Please note the cupcake wrappers are not for you to put into the oven, but to decorate the cupcakes or muffins after they are baked. Approx dimension bottom diameter 205″ top diameter 325″ height 2″.
Meri Meri Assorted Cupcake Cases, Set of 100 (Liberty) - These cupcake cases are decorated with an assortment of classic liberty floral patterns. 3 x 3 x 6 inches. Pack contains 100 cupcake cases in 4 styles.
Meri Meri I Love Cupcakes Mini Cupcake Cases, 96-Pack - Contains 96 mini cupcake cases in 3 designs. Designed in england. Beautifully designed and colorful. Fits miniature size cupcake or muffin pan. Oven safe and greaseproof.
Teacupcakes Set of 4 Cupcake Cases - Pop them on their saucers to serve and watch your guests confusion as they wonder whether to eat or drink this thing of beauty. The teacupcakes are easy to use and the flexible silicone means cakes will pop out a treat. They can be put in the dishwasher after use for easy cleaning too you will receive a set of four. Simply put your cake batter in the cups, pop them in the oven to bake, allow them cool, and decorate. Tea and cake, a match made in heaven so why no one thought of designing teacup cake moulds before, we don't knowmade from silicone, these flexible teacups are perfect for baking and presenting your cupcakes, with no need for tins or paper cases.
Sharing Star 100 Pieces Filigree Artistic Muffin Case Cupcake Paper Cup Liner Little Vine Lace Laser Cupcake Wrappers for Wedding Party Birthday Decoration (Deep Gray) - The base diameter 5cm/197" (approx) the top diameter 8cm/315" (approx) height 52cm/205" (approx). Package includes 100 pcs cupcake cases. Suit for wedding, birthday, party and so on. Materialpearlecent art paper high-grade characteristics wedding/holiday paper hollow-out decorative products. Please note the cupcake wrappers are not for you to put into the oven, but to decorate the cupcakes or muffins after they are baked.
Patisse Paper Cupcake Cases Set, Colored - Easy to use. 150 individual round paper cupcake cases for baking cupcakes delivered in a light brown or cream yellow design. Professional quality paper cases maintain vivid color after baking. Comes in a handy reusable carton box with 150 pieces. Solid design in light brown or cream yellow.
Party. Bar Bright Bling Standard Baking Cups,Gold Foil Metallic Cupcake Case Liners Baking Muffin Paper Cases For Wedding Party Birthday Party 210 Pcs/set (Metallic) - 5if you don't like this baking cups, send it back to us,we promise 100% refund to you. 1sizetop diameter is about 335″bottom diameter is about 20″height12″(approx). 3bling and brightly colored fluted paper cups with a fun design,including 4 colorsred,blue,gold,silver. 4perfect for your theme party,like wedding and birthday party. 2quick, colorful and festive way to dress up your cupcakes and muffins.
Swity Home 200 Pcs Gold Foil Metallic Cupcake Case Liners for Wedding Party Birthday Decoration, Set of 200(Gold) - Colorgold, package includes 200 pcs bottom diameter approx 2 inches, top diameter approx 2. 5 inches, height approx 1. Material aluminum foil paper. 25 inches perfect for a wedding, various party, anniversary, engagement, birthday idea for halloween, christmas or other occasions brandswity home.
Sumind Foil Metallic Cupcake Case Liners Muffin Paper Baking Cups Gold and Silver (400) - Suit to different occasion good choice for catering weddings, birthdays, baby showers, theme parties, and more. Material of baking cups made of food grade paper grease resistant liners inside, so the outsides will still remain bright and shiny while baking. 2 colors comes with gold and sliver, each color has 200 packs respectively. Standard size 115 cm/ 45 inches in diameter when it is expanded, 3 cm/ 118 inches high, 5 cm/ 196 inches of the base. Utility cup valuable pack that dress up your cupcakes, also suit for holding candies, nuts and other party snacks.
Btacy 50Pcs Paper Cake Cup Cupcake Cases Liners Muffin Dessert Baking Wedding Party - Perfect for sweet treats such as cupcakes or ice cream,cheese, chili, salad and more. Height 58 cm/ 228″ (approx) bottom width 6 cm/ 236″ (approx) top width 7 cm/ 276″ (approx). Occasions parties, weddings, birthdays, celebrations, holiday, baby showers etc. More than 10 patterns available, you will receive at least 5 different patternsrandom pattern. Quick, colorful and festive way to dress up your muffins.


Gosh, autumn is beautiful round these parts!
When we lived in Canada the thing I really used to notice when we came back to the UK for visits, was how colourful winter was. I don't think you really notice it until you have lived abroad.
On the Albertan praire for six months of the year things were a bit monochromatic. First the snow and then a spring that took ages and ages to arrive.
In the UK there is (mostly) always green grass, lichen on trees, berries in hedgerows or nuts on the ground.
My graphic design course kicks off with a "visual awareness" module next week… I'm in practice already.
Gorgeous – I love the spirit of Autumn and in my mind this is always how it should be. Sadly the reality is normally a lot soggier!
Your photos are amazing…love Autumn!


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NEW SIGNING: Outer Limit Lotus
We are extremely proud to announce that deathrockers Outer Limit Lotus have signed a deal with Sheep Chase to release their upcoming debut release. The band consists of members from Haust, Urbanoia and Blood Suckers, and have after only a few months of existence already made their mark as a fresh addition to the Oslo scene. They are playing a couple of Scandinavian shows in April, and we are really looking forward to show you what they have been doing in the studio. More info on the release will be added soon.
Members: Vebjørn Guttormsgaard Møllberg (bass, vocals), Øystein Wyller Odden (drums), Henrik Øiestad Myrvold (guitar, vocals).
Check out the track 'Nothing' from their debut show, supporting Sheer Mag at Revolver in Oslo here:
Outer Limit Lotus on Facebook.


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L'Armand de Montjuïc i la Rosa del Paral·lel, més coneguts com els Gegants nous del Poble-sec, són unes figures modernes que s'allunyen del model tradicional de la imatgeria festiva barcelonina. Ella representa una vedet del Paral·lel, vestida amb poca roba i amb unes plomes grosses i verdes a l'esquena; quan balla, entre el faldellí, deixa veure una cuixa. Ell representa un barceloní ric i elegant, client dels cabarets, que en una mà porta flors per a l'artista i en l'altra amaga un regal més valuós: un collaret de perles.

Els gegants nous són del 2001, i es van fer per jubilar les figures de les Tres Xemeneies. Són obra de l'escultor Jordi Grau, del Taller el Drac Petit de Terrassa, i s'estrenaren l'abril del mateix any en un acte al Mirador del Poble-sec.

L'Armand i la Rosa tenen ball propi, amb música composta per Carles Reig. Surten a ballar cada any, a la trobada que organitzen durant la festa major del barri, pels volts de Sant Jaume. També es deixen veure en cercaviles i trobades geganteres de més barris barcelonins, sempre acompanyats de la Colla de Geganters i Grallers del Poble-sec.

Referències

Cultura del Poble-sec
Nous Del Poble Sec

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Department of Homeland Security delays REAL ID deadline to 2025
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Samuel Corum/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images
(WASHINGTON) -- The Department of Homeland Security has delayed the deadline for air travelers to have a REAL ID another two years, the agency announced Monday.
The program, which was to begin in May 2023, will now not go into effect until May 7, 2025.
This is the third time the deadline has been extended.
The REAL ID deadline was first delayed a year from Oct. 1, 2020, to Oct. 1, 2021, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It was then extended another 19 months from Oct. 1, 2021, to May 3, 2023.
The new identification rules mandate any flyer over 18 will need to have a REAL ID-issued driver's license or another federally approved identification card if they are going to fly domestically.
"DHS continues to work closely with U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and the U.S. territories to meet REAL ID requirements," DHS Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas said in a statement about the latest delay. "This extension will give states needed time to ensure their residents can obtain a REAL ID-compliant license or identification card. DHS will also use this time to implement innovations to make the process more efficient and accessible. We will continue to ensure that the American public can travel safely."
The DHS again blamed the delay on COVID-19, saying the process was "significantly hindered" by state driver's license agencies having to work through a backlog during the pandemic.
The REAL ID Act was first instituted in 2005 in the wake of Sept. 11 to make screening by the Transportation Security Administration more secure.
Some advocates, including the U.S. Travel Association, had pushed for the delay for months. The U.S. Travel Association said in a statement in May, one year before the requirements were to take effect, "As we look ahead to next year's deadline, it is clear that Americans will not be ready for full implementation."
"We are calling on DHS to delay implementation or develop an alternative screening process for travelers with a legacy ID to ensure that air travelers and the industry's recovery are not impeded," it continued. "The delay should last until measures are in place to prevent a scenario in which travelers are turned away at airport security checkpoints."


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2018 U.S. Soccer Young Male, Young Female and Player of the Year with a Disability Award Nominees Announced
Alex Mendez, Ulysses Llanez, Mark McKenzie, Giovanni Reyna, Tyler Freeman Nominated for Young Male Player; Tierna Davidson, Sunshine Fontes, Maya Doms, Sophia Jones and Allyson Sentnor Nominated for Young Female Player; Braden Anderson, Nico Calabria, Gracie Fitzgerald and Nick Mayhugh Nominated for Player with a Disability; Award Winners Will Be Announced in Conjunction with Female and Male Awards in First Weeks of December
CHICAGO (Nov. 28, 2018) – U.S. Soccer has announced the nominees for the 2018 Young Male, Young Female and Player of the Year with a Disability awards. Voting for the candidates begins Nov. 28 and closes on Dec. 6 at 11:59 p.m. ET. The winner will be announced during the first week of December.
The Young Male Player of the Year field showcases a number of rising stars who have played for the U.S. Men's Youth National Teams this year. Midfielder Alex Mendez took home the Golden Ball at the 2018 Concacaf Under-20 Championship as the tournament's best player at just 18-years-old, helping the USA take home its second-straight confederation title. Forward Ulysses Llanez was one of the U-20 MNT's most-dynamic attacking players at the regional championship, scoring seven goals in six games, while defender Mark McKenzie locked down the back line as the U-20s' minutes leader in 2018 in addition to a breakout professional campaign with the Philadelphia Union. Midfielder Giovanni Reyna stands as a key figure for the U-17 MNT as it prepares for the 2018 Nike International Friendlies and he spent this summer leading New York City FC U-18/19 to its first U.S. Soccer Development Academy Championship in its first season fielding a team at the age group. Forward Tyler Freeman helped guide the U-16 Boys' National Team to success at the Torneo delle Nazioni in Gradisca, Italy while also signing one of the youngest Homegrown contracts in MLS history with Sporting KC.
The Young Female Player of the Year field features a group of talented players who have all seen time with U.S. Youth Women's National Teams this year. Defender Tierna Davidson played with the U.S. U-20 WNT early in 2018 before transitioning to the senior National Team and earned her first 12 caps. U.S. U-17 WNT forward Sunshine Fontes set the U-17 all-time career goal-scoring record this year, while U.S. U-17 WNT midfielder Maya Doms scored the game-winning goal in the title game of the Concacaf Women's U-17 Championship, and U.S. U-17 WNT midfielder Sophia Jones was the team's field general at defensive midfield. Rounding out the nominees is forward Allyson Sentnor, who despite being age eligible for the U.S. U-14 Girls' National Team this year, played up for the USA's U-15 and U-16 GNTs and U-17 WNT.
This year's Player of the Year with a Disability field features Braden Anderson, an up-and-coming midfielder for the Deaf Men's National Team; Nico Calabria, a forward and goal-scoring captain for the Amputee National Team; Gracie Fitzgerald, a scoring defender for the Deaf Women's National Team; and Nick Mayhugh, an all-around midfielder for the Para 7-a-side National Team.
Bios: Young Female | Young Male | Player with a Disability
Past Player of the Year Award Winners
Votes for U.S. Soccer Player of the Year awards are collected from respective National Team coaches, National Team players who have earned a cap in 2018, members of the U.S. Soccer Board of Directors, U.S. Soccer Athletes' Council, select media members and former players and administrators.
Players cannot win the Young Male or Young Female award more than once.
The award for Young Player of the Year was first awarded in 1998 with Josh Wolff and Cindy Parlow (a 2018 National Soccer Hall of Fame inductee), winning for Young Male and Young Female, respectively. The Player of the Year with a Disability award was first given in 2012 with Felicia Schroeder earning the honor.
YNT
Alex Mendez
Ulysses Llanez
Mark McKenzie
Tyler Freeman
Giovanni Reyna
Tierna Davidson
Sunshine Fontes
Maya Doms
Sophia Jones
Allyson Sentnor
Nick Mayhugh


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