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618-288-9505 info@carsonallaria.com
Financial Guides
2021 Review + 2022 Stock Market Predictions
by Joe Allaria | Jan 25, 2022
At the beginning of every year, we see stock market predictions being released by financial institutions, fund managers, financial media personnel, and other financial "experts." Most of these predictions end up being wildly inaccurate, yet they keep being made, and many keep listening.
It's the start of a new year and for those of us in the financial world, that means we get to hear stock market predictions of so-called financial "experts" about what they think the market and economy is going to do in the coming year. This practice, or tradition, has become more and more entertaining each year.
Why more entertaining? Because with every year that passes, we get yet another example of how wildly inaccurate these predictions are (see last year's, for example). And yet, despite an abysmal track record, many of these financial future seers continue to make predictions. Worse than that, many investors actually listen to their prognostications and make investment decisions based on them.
It was only a short while ago that we were all blindsided by the pandemic of 2020 and the market volatility that ensued. Stock market predictions at the start of the year were quickly and significantly changed after the COVID-19 pandemic. However, many of those predictions proved to be largely inaccurate. The surprising part of all of this is that despite the prognosticators falling on their faces twice in one year, many investors are still looking to them, with faith, on what to expect in the next twelve months.
Some may say, "But what about this person or that person who predicted the crash in 2008?" Well, anyone can "get it right" once or twice, but there hasn't been a single person on the face of the earth who has been able to predict the short-term future of stocks accurately, correctly, and on a consistent basis.
Aside from that, many of the loudest voices in the stock market prediction world are what I call "perpetual doomsdayers," meaning their prediction is always a negative one. Well, the stock market doesn't always go up. Therefore, sooner or later, that doomsday prediction will be right. Then, these individuals begin to be labeled as near prophets for their "foresight" on financial markets. But, we can't forget the years and years where these doomsday predictions weren't even close to hitting their mark.
What Actually Happened in 2021?
I would argue that it can be much more productive to look back and evaluate each year rather before speculating on what the next 12 months will hold. Why? There is perspective that can be gained when looking back at what has actually happened. So, what did actually happen in 2021 and how did that compare to the predictions made at the beginning of 2021?
First and foremost, the S&P 500 had another strong year in 2021, finishing up 27% for the year and capping off the best 3-year stretch since 1996-1999. There were 68 record highs for the S&P 500 in 2021, which was the most all-time highs in a single year since 1995 (2nd most all-time).
Other stock market indexes saw strong returns as well. The Dow Jones was up approximately 19%, while the Nasdaq was up approximately 21% in 2021. However, the best performing sector of 2021 was none of the above. Small cap value stocks earned over 31.7% for the year, rounding out strong returns for stocks across most sectors.
Despite the incredible run of U.S. stocks from 2009 through 2020, domestic stocks outpaced foreign stocks yet again. The emerging markets sector was one of few that had a negative return in 2021 at -0.63%. Non-U.S. developed stocks trailed the S&P 500, but still turned in a 12.55% return for the year.
Aside from another strong year in the stock market, some of the biggest themes we took from 2021 include supply chain challenges, labor shortages, strong corporate earnings, central bank stimulus, and inflation. In fact, inflation jumped up 7% in 2021, which was the highest rate of increase since 1982.
Volatility, believe it or not, was not a theme of 2021. In fact, the average daily move of the S&P 500 in 2021 was only 0.53%, compared to the historical daily average of 0.76%. Also, there were only 5 days where the S&P 500 closed with a move of 2% or higher, compared to the 10-year average of 9 days per year.
Were the 2021 Stock Market Predictions Right?
Like you may have guessed after reading the introduction to this article, the stock market predictions for 2021 were wrong, once again. Looking at the chart below, you'll see that
Multiple financial institutions called for increased volatility. What was the result? Low volatility.
Multiple institutions made their best guess at where the S&P would finish the year, but missed the mark by 8-10% on the low side.
BCA Research called for foreign stocks to outperform U.S. stocks. They didn't.
Wells Fargo called for small caps to outperform large caps. Wait…did that one happen? Actually, no. While small value stocks performed very well in 2021, small growth stocks turned in a -1.00% return for the year, dragging the small cap average below the large cap average (ooh, almost had that one!).
Do you see what I mean when I say that tracking the actual vs. predicted results becomes more entertaining each year?
More Stock Market Predictions Being Made for 2022
And yes, these predictors are back at it again. Some have predicted that 2022 will be a volatile year (not shocking…volatility has essentially been the "default" prediction for those that don't know if the market will go up or down, but still feel they need to make a prediction).
Others have predicted the S&P 500 will be anywhere from slightly negative to moderately positive for yet another year.
Some say small caps are in for another great year and could resume returns leadership for years to come.
On the inflation front, Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell has said the central bank is prepared to raise interest rates more rapidly than planned to contain inflation. Some say that inflation will drop sharply in 2022 while others say inflation will continue to be a problem well into 2022.
Lastly, we're in another election year, which could also have implications for the market. Historically, midterm election years tend to be the most volatile in the presidential cycle for the market, according to Strategas. Some say that will drive volatility.
At least one member of this unique group has admitted to the pointlessness of making these predictions. We echo his sentiments. In a way, kudos to these brave individuals and institutions for feeling no shame and just continuing to pick themselves up and dust themselves off each year. That takes courage.
However, despite my sarcasm, I fear that these tactics will continue to have an adverse effect on the average investor who takes these predictions to heart. Undoubtedly, there are thousands of investors out there who have taken a bad prediction as personal advice and have missed out on significant gains as a result.
The problem is that most investors cannot afford these major missteps in their investing journey. It's hard enough for many to save enough for their retirement even when they make all the right decisions. That's why it truly pains me to include links to these forecasts, but had I not, you may not believe the ridiculousness of this entire process.
My Forecast for 2022
Despite everything I just mentioned, I know that many will still turn to people like me and financial advisors everywhere for predictions on where the market is heading. I am happy to share my answer for 2022 with you. I don't know.
That is the same answer I give each year when asked to forecast stocks over a 12-month period. But, here is my hypothesis.
Despite the rate of return for stocks in 2022, my prediction is that when evaluated over a long period of time (10, 15, 20+ years), they will be the best performing asset class when comparing to bonds or cash investments. I also predict that the path to strong long-term returns will be full of short-term scares and volatile markets.
I further predict that an unfortunate portion of investors will panic during these times and will exit the market at a time when their investments have decreased greatly in value. However, those that can remain in their seat and ride out the bumps will likely have a better investment experience than those that try to gauge and time when the market will go up and when it will go down.
I predict that cash investments will provide a nominal rate of return of 0-1% in 2022. With inflation factored in, that means that cash investments will most likely have a real negative return in 2022, just like in 2021.
Financial Media
I also expect that whether warranted or not, the financial media will report on a "world-altering" crisis, or they'll make whatever the current events of the day appear to be spiraling out of control. But, I also expect that we, as a society and a people, will make it through 2022 just as we have made it through every year since the beginning of time.
Investors with Financial Plans
Lastly, I predict that those individuals that have a financial plan will be better equipped to sustain certain tumultuous events that may occur in 2022 (i.e. 2020 COVID-19 pandemic). Furthermore, those with a financial advisor who is committed to developing and sticking to those financial plans will have a better investment experience overall.
Does that mean investors with advisors will have better returns than everyone else? No. Will they have better returns than the market? Not necessarily. But, they will have a strong understanding of where they stand financially and if they are on track to reach their financial goals.
For the sake of living a higher quality of life, don't worry about 2022. Plan, but don't worry. There is only so much we can control as individuals. Focus on those things and do the best you can to engage in behaviors that are productive. Beyond that, don't let the things you cannot control consume your mind and your thoughts.
As I shared with a close friend and client recently, talk with a trusted advisor and let us "worry" about these things for you. We're trained and equipped to do it. Perhaps doing so can lead to a more enjoyable 2022 and beyond. To view our webinar on this topic, click this link.
Joe Allaria, CFP®
Wealth Advisor | Partner
As featured in The Wall Street Journal, USAToday.com, CNBC.com, Nasdaq.com, and Yahoo Finance.
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*73% of financial advisors do not have a succession plan. Study conducted by the Financial Planning Association and Janus Henderson Investors. Statistic was cited in the CNBC.com article at https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/29/a-majority-of-financial-advisors-lack-a-succession-plan.html


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Mikulak, Hong win Winter Cup Challenge all-around titles
© John Cheng
Senior Finals Results: All-Around | Events
Junior Finals Results: All-Around | Events
Finals Videos: Routines | Webcast
Prelims Recap, Results and Videos
LAS VEGAS, Feb. 17, 2018 – Two-time Olympian Sam Mikulak of Newport Beach, Calif./U.S. Olympic Training Center, and Asher Hong of Tomball, Texas/Cypress Academy, won the senior and junior all-around titles, respectively, after the second of two days of competition at the 2018 Winter Cup Challenge. The competition was held at the Westgate Las Vegas Resort in Las Vegas.
Mikulak came into today's finals with a 2.800 lead over Marvin Kimble of Milwaukee/Salto Gymnastics, who was second after day one of competition. Mikulak began on the pommel horse, posting a 14.850. On the still rings, he overrotated his triple back dismount to score 13.100. On the vault, his Yurchenko one-and-a-half earned a 13.650.
In the fourth rotation, Mikulak earned his highest score of the day, a 15.450, on the parallel bars. He soared in the fifth rotation on the horizontal bar, cleanly catching a Cassina and a Kohlman. He stuck his layout double-double for a 14.850. Mikulak ended his competition on the floor exercise, where he opened with a front double full to double front and a layout to double front half out. His 14.300 gave him an 86.200 in the all-around today. His two-day combined all-around score was 172.500, nearly six points ahead of second place.
Kimble, who was a member of the 2017 World team, posted scores of 13.350, floor exercise; 13.600, pommel horse; 13.750, still rings; 14.700, vault; 14.050, parallel bars; and 13.600, high bar. He finished with a 166.550 two-day all-around total. 2016 Olympic team alternate Akash Modi of Morganville, N.J./Stanford University, finished third with a 165.900 combined score.
In addition to the all-around, Mikulak took top honors on the floor exercise, parallel bars and high bar. Alec Yoder of Indianapolis/Ohio State University, was the pommel horse champion, while teammate Sean Melton of Orlando/Ohio State University, grabbed the still rings title. Kimble was the champion on vault.
In the junior competition, Hong earned a 154.400 total in the all-around to claim the crown. He was followed by Bennet Huang of Palo Alto, Calif./University of Iowa, in second with a 154.000. Kevin Penev of Penfield, N.Y./RGA, finished third with a 153.550.
Hong was the rings and parallel bars champion. On floor, Paul Juda of Deerfield, Ill./Buffalo Grove Gymnastics, won the title, while Penev took top honors on the pommel horse and vault. Justin Ah Chow of Miami/Universal Gymnastics, was the high bar champion.
Performances at the 2018 Winter Cup Challenge help determine the 12 men who will comprise the U.S. Men's Senior National Team through the 2018 U.S. Gymnastics Championships in Boston, Aug. 16-19. Following the two-day competition, the top six ranked all-around athletes will automatically qualified for the 2018 senior national team. Those athletes are Mikulak, Kimble, Modi, Allan Bower of Chandler, Ariz./University of Oklahoma, Melton and Yoder. Based on his World Championships results, Yul Moldauer of Arvada, Colo./University of Oklahoma, was also automatically selected to the national team after he advanced to the finals.
The Men's Program Committee will select six more gymnasts from the participants at the Winter Cup Challenge or from petitions to the team. For information on the points ranking system used for advancement to the final round, as well as the one for determining the national team, click here.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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NICE Bus expanding service in Elmont, Valley Stream
Monday, June 17, 2019 11:31 PM EDT
VALLEY STREAM -
NICE Bus is expanding its Flexi route service in the Elmont and Valley Stream areas.
Beginning June 23, additional early morning and late-night trips will be added to the schedule.
New, smaller buses will also expand the route's footprint in the area and connect riders to the N6 line.
NICE says the Flexi service has seen its ridership double since it started in 2017.
VIDEO: Expansion of NICE Flexi route to include vehicles, expanded schedule for Elmont-area residents
TransportationMore>>
MTA chairman: Changes needed after overtime abuse report
MTA Chairman Pat Foye says changes need to be made following the inspector general's report into alleged overtime abuse within the transit agency.
Commuters at Copiague LIRR station now must pay to park
Updated: Wednesday, July 10 2019 5:45 PM EDT2019-07-10 21:45:09 GMT
Commuters who use the Copiague LIRR station will now have to pay to park.
Floral Park mayor, residents voice displeasure about new arena, LIRR station plan
Updated: Tuesday, July 9 2019 5:22 PM EDT2019-07-09 21:22:30 GMT
Elmont is set to get Long Island's first new full-time Long Island Rail Road station in nearly 50 years, but some residents in a neighboring community aren't on board.
Farmingdale LIRR station south parking lot to close for 6 weeks
A popular Long Island Rail Road parking lot will be closed for at least six weeks.
LIRR rolling out summer service changes for construction
Updated: Sunday, June 30 2019 5:37 PM EDT2019-06-30 21:37:24 GMT
Commuters are expected to face more delays to begin July as the LIRR is canceling or diverting more than a dozen rush hour trains.


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Q: WooCommerce - Suffix Only Gets Applied To Product If It Has A Sales Price I'm using the code below to output a suffix on a WooCommerce site:
add_filter( 'woocommerce_get_price_suffix', 'price_suffix', 10, 1 );

function price_suffix( $product ){
    if ( has_term( 'vinylflooring', 'product_cat' ) ) {
        $suffix = ' per sqm';
        update_option( 'woocommerce_price_display_suffix', $suffix );
        return $suffix;
    }
}

This works to an extent but for variable products that have no sale price, the suffix is not output.
If I add a sale price to the variation, the suffix is output, but I want it to display without one.
Any idea what may be causing this behaviour?
Thanks

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Home | Our Park | Our Caravans | To See & Do | Our Location | Photo Galleries | About Us | Contact | Links
Sandend Caravan Park
Sandend, Portsoy
Email: sandendholidays@aol.com
Owner/Manager:
Jane & Bernard Winfield
To See & Do
Located in the north-east neuk of Scotland, Sandend Caravan Park is situated close to a long sandy beach which is ideal for families and watersport enthusiasts. The park is the ideal base to discover the many interesting features of the area including the world famous Castle and Coastal Trails.
The original seat of the Ogilvies of Boyne, the remnants of the 15th century castle still stand within walking distance from the village, of course for the less energetic, there is a car park nearby. King James II granted the license for the building of the castle to the wealthy Ogilvie family in 1455-56. The castle remained with the family for the next hundred years until it was passed, due to a family feud to Sir John Gordon third son of the Earl of Huntly. The Ogilvies did their utmost to regain possession but to no avail until the castle was held against defeated by Mary Queen of Scots in 1562. Huntly was duly executed and the building handed back to the Ogilvies, where mid seventeenth century, when they moved to more comfortable and accessible Cullen.
Sunnyside Bay
Sunnyside bay is situated a short walk from Findlater Castle. This marvellous un-spoilt beach is tiny and renowned for it's views of wildlife. There is a cave at the far west side called "Hermits Cave" which is where a Frenchman "Charlie" lived before World War II Further up the hillside there is a well with the inscription "Rest Drink and Think 1895"
Sandend Harbour
The Harbour was built in the village at the end of the last century, paid for with money from the local fishermen. The harbour may be the smallest in Britain but at one time at least 16 boats worked out of Sandend, in the summer going to Stronsay and Lerwick and in the winter staying in the Moray Firth.. Last year the harbour was taken over by "Sandend Harbour Trust" as a charity.
Sandend Village
The village has some lovely 19th century houses which homed the fishermen and crofters. The beach is backed by shallow dunes and sprawling fields with walks to suit everyone You are still able to purchase fresh fish in the village,
Glenglassaugh Distillery
Due to the quality of Scottish water a favourite nation pastime, whisky drinking and distilling has always been especial popular in the North East. The Glenglassaugh Distillery was built on the site of former water mills on the Glassaugh Burn in 1875 The whisky production ceased in 1907, but the buildings were still in use as a maltings until 1959 when a new distillery was built, capable of producing around 400.000 gallons per year. Unfortunately it again ceased production in 1982 until 2009 when the distillery was sold and has once again started production. (Tours are available to see around the distillery)
The "Cup and Saucer"
The Glassaugh Windmill locally known as the cup and saucer was built in the grounds of Glassaugh Distillery. Built on the site of a pre-historic Pictish chambered cairn, the wind mill was built by Gereral James Abercrombie in the mid part of the 18th century.
Fordyce Village
This is a small inland village south of Sandend. Cottages have been restored and are surrounded by quaint old fashioned gardens. The village boasts it's own pink castle and ancient kirk, which dates back to the 13th Century. There is also a joiners workshop with a resident woodworker, with displays of old fashioned tools and machinery
Site Design by Digital Routes Ltd
© Sandend Caravan Park


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You are here: Home / Archives for British
Sexual exploitation of British Sikh girls by Muslim men has been 'ignored' by police due to 'political correctness'
November 25, 2018 thesun Leave a Comment
GANGS of mainly Pakistani men have preyed on British Sikh girls for decades, a bombshell report has revealed. The girls have been groomed by Muslim men in a horrifying cycle of sexual exploitation ever since the 1960s, according to the Sikh Mediation and Rehabilitation Team charity. But shockingly the police often turned a blind eye because of "political correctness". The study - backed by a Labour MP - found police had "recklessly ignored" complaints. The report painted a shameful picture of unabated abuse in the UK - starting as far back as the 1960s. Sikh girls would be lured by "fashionably-dressed adult Pakistani men travelling in flamboyant vehicles to predominantly Sikh dominated areas and schools", according to the report. They would be groomed by one man, who would then pass her round to other family members. The shocking findings said that while the scandal of Asian men grooming white girls had shocked the nation over recent years, the … [Read more...] about Sexual exploitation of British Sikh girls by Muslim men has been 'ignored' by police due to 'political correctness'
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Bank of England chief Mark Carney becomes British citizen in Camden Town Hall ceremony
November 22, 2018 hamhigh Leave a Comment
PUBLISHED: 17:00 23 November 2018 | UPDATED: 17:09 23 November 2018 Harry Taylor Camden mayor Jenny Headlam-Wells with Bank of England governor Mark Carney. Picture: Jenny Headlam-Wells/Camden Council Archant Bank of England governor Mark Carney said he was "honoured" to receive his British citizenship at a ceremony in Camden on Wednesday morning. The Canadian born central bank chief was one of several residents who Camden mayor Jenny Headlam-Wells confirmed their citizenship.Mr Carney has lived in Camden throughout his time in the UK. He first moved to West Hampstead, when he was appointed in 2013 and is now believed to live in Swiss Cottage.The 53-year-old is set to stand down as governor in 2020.He said: "I was very honoured to have become a British citizen today with the mayor of Camden and new British citizens from 26 different nationalities. "The moving ceremony reminded me how privileged I am to work with outstanding … [Read more...] about Bank of England chief Mark Carney becomes British citizen in Camden Town Hall ceremony
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British Parliament seizes Facebook docs that American court had sealed
November 25, 2018 cbsnews Leave a Comment
British Parliament has seized a cache of documents that Facebook has spent months fighting in a California court to keep sealed, the latest effort by the U.K. to force the social media company to answer questions over privacy and the spread of "fake news." The documents are part of a lawsuit in which a small app developer is suing Facebook. The app developer, Six4Three, and media outlets have long sought to make the documents public. A San Mateo, California Superior Court judge has ruled the documents sealed. Now Parliament committee has them, and will decide soon what to do with them. The founder of Six4Three, Ted Kramer, was in London last week when Parliament asked for the documents in a letter from Damian Collins, Chair of Parliament's Digital, Culture, Media and Sport Committee. "We are requesting these documents because we believe that they contain information that is highly relevant to our ongoing investigation into disinformation and fake news," read the letter. "In … [Read more...] about British Parliament seizes Facebook docs that American court had sealed
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British paraglider dies in Switzerland's Lauterbrunnen area
November 22, 2018 thelocal Leave a Comment
A 36-year British paraglider died on Wednesday afternoon after an accident in the Lauterbrunnen area in the canton of Bern. The Brit, a resident of canton Bern, is thought to have taken off from the village of Mürren, police said in a statement. He then got into difficulties and crashed onto the main road from Lauterbrunnen and Stechelberg in the Lengwald area. The road was closed at the accident site. Despite attempts by passers-by to resuscitate the man and the presence of emergency services, the man died. Investigations into the accident are now underway. In August, a British BASE jumper died in the Lauterbrunnen area after he slammed into a cliff face during a jump near Mürren. … [Read more...] about British paraglider dies in Switzerland's Lauterbrunnen area
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Haunting face of the only man to have ever assassinated a British Prime Minister revealed by facial reconstruction
THIS is the face of the only man to have ever assassinated a British prime minister - seen for the first time through fascinating facial reconstruction. Angry businessman John Bellingham shot dead PM Spencer Perceval in the lobby of the Palace of Westminster in May 1812 before being convicted and hanged. And 116 years on experts used Bellingham's skull, which has been on display at Queen Mary Pathology Museum in London to create a life-like picture of the murderer. Using high tech computer software and a database of high-res photos, forensic imaging experts at Queen Mary University of London have recreated the striking image. Carla Valentine, Museum Technician at Queen Mary's Pathology Museum, said: "This is a novel way to engage the public with a previously one-dimensional 'specimen'. "In this project, we specifically opted to reconstruct a well-known figure in order to reinstate his personality. "A skull which has been denuded of its facial features - and therefore its identity - has … [Read more...] about Haunting face of the only man to have ever assassinated a British Prime Minister revealed by facial reconstruction
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Закаменная — село в Газимуро-Заводском районе Забайкальского края России. Входит в состав сельского поселения «Батаканское».

География
Село находится в центральной части района на расстоянии примерно 70 километров (по прямой) на север-северо-восток от села Газимурский Завод.

 Климат

Климат характеризуется как резко континентальный с продолжительной морозной зимой и тёплым летом. Средняя температура воздуха самого холодного месяца (января) составляет −26 — −34 °C; средняя температура самого тёплого месяца (июля) — 15 — 19 °C. Среднегодовое количество атмосферных осадков составляет 350—400 мм.

 Часовой пояс

История
Основано в 1779 году крестьянами, приписанными к Газимурскому сереброплавильному заводу. Позднее относилось к станице Актагучинской Забайкальского казачьего войска. В 1930 году, в ходе коллективизации, был образован колхоз «Хлебороб». С 1970 года в селе находилось отделение совхоза «Батаканский».

Население

Постоянное население составляло 115 человек в 2002 году (русские 100%), 77 человек в 2010 году.

Инфраструктура
В селе функционируют начальная школа и клуб.

Примечания

Населённые пункты Газимуро-Заводского района

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text: Q: Do I actually get more points for finishing the map quicker in Age of Wonders? Many guides for Age of Wonders, the 1999 game, claim that you get more points if you finish the maps quickly and get penalized for delaying the end. Is that actually true? I haven't noticed that, but that's probably because it typically takes a lot of time for me to win.


text:
5earths Who's Who
Air_Wave_Earth-1
The Five Earths
Earth-1
Earth-S
Earth-X
Other Earths
Earth-C
Earth-12
Air Wave (Earth-1)
Lawrence "Larry" Jordan was the Kings County district attorney serving Brooklyn, New York, from June, 1960, until his death in January, 1970.
By 1959, Larry Jordan was an assistant district attorney for Kings County (Brooklyn, New York), working for District Attorney Desmond Cole.
In December, 1959, Larry Jordan becomes Air Wave to save District Attorney Desmond Cole from Snake Scalotti's gang. 1)
In January, 1960, Air Wave battles renegade scientist Professor Gurn, former member of Snake Scalotti's gang. 2)
In April, 1960, Air Wave adopts as his sidekick a parrot he calls Static. 3)
In May, 1960, Air Wave battles Professor Gurn once more, who has donned a robotic suit to become Machine Man. 4)
Larry Jordan's best friend for years was crime reporter Jimmy Pardee, who was framed for the murder of his editor in August, 1960 5). Jimmy later served as Larry's best man, along with groomsmen George Paines and his brother Joe Jordan, when he married Helen.
Another friend of Larry's was George Paines. Larry was George's best man when he married Virginia Owen in November, 1960 6).
Larry was also a friend of Jeff Van Pelt of the wealthy Van Pelt family, before Jeff died in the Battle of Saipan in 1944. 7))
Larry is an ardent boxing fan 8).
In November, 1961, Air Wave helped politician Jim Johnson get elected as Mayor of New York City in order to keep his rival, the crooked Oscar Rainey, from gaining office. Air Wave used his special radio transceiver to broadcast Johnson's pre-election speech to nearly every home in the Five Boroughs despite interference by criminals working for Rainey. Note: This story takes place out of sequence than the others, taking place about two years before it would have taken place. 9)
Larry Jordan went to college with Shortie Long, who is now a science professor at a university in New York City. 10)
Air Wave was once injured by a ricocheting bullet fired by a nervous rookie police officer, but he apparently suffered no serious injuries. 11)
Air Wave had a fan club of youngsters from a Brooklyn slum called the Air Wave Fan Club. 12)
As a young man, Larry Jordan joined the U.S. Army as an enlisted soldier to go to the Korean War, but it is possible that he saw no action. While there, he once saw an injured soldier named John Colebaugh receive a silver plate in his skull at the hospital. Note: This story supposedly shows Larry Jordan as a soldier during World War II, but if this were the case for the Earth-2 Larry Jordan, there's no possible way he could have had his career as Air Wave from 1941 all the way into the late 1940s. And the Earth-1 Larry Jordan was too young to fight in World War II, so the Earth-1 Larry Jordan must have fought in the Korean War. 13)
Air Wave's foes were mostly gangsters and small-time criminals, as well as spies from behind the Iron Curtain. Note: In the original stories, all spies were from Nazi Germany, but since Air Wave's adventures take place on Earth-1's compressed timeline during the Cold War, these spies must be from the Soviet Union or from another country behind the Iron Curtain.
Larry Jordan had four brothers: Judge Jeremiah Jordan of Coastville, born in 1906, father of Jerry Jordan, Jr. and grandfather of Steven Jordan (first appearance in Green Lantern #22); Titus Thomas Jordan of Coastville, born in 1908, a millionaire who had no children (first appearance in Green Lantern #44); Joe Jordan, born in 1916, who ran the Jordan Circus, was the father of Douglas Buddy Jordan, and married a woman from Tennessee (first and only appearance in Action Comics #7); and Martin Jordan of Coastville, born in 1920, who was a pilot and the father of Jack Jordan, Hal Jordan, and Jim Jordan. Larry Jordan, born in 1926, was the youngest son in the family.
Larry Jordan had five nephews (Jack, Hal, Jim, Jerry, and Douglas), three grand-nephews (Jason and Howard) and one grand-niece (Jennifer). Jack Jordan, son of Martin Jordan, followed in his uncle Larry's footsteps by becoming the district attorney of Coastville, California; he also married Jan and had a twin son and daughter named Jason Jordan and Jennifer Jordan (first appeared in Green Lantern #22; Jan, Jason, and Jennifer first appeared in Action Comics #488). Hal Jordan, son of Martin Jordan and Larry's favorite nephew, grew up in Coastville to become a test pilot for Ferris Aircraft in Coast City and secretly also the superhero Green Lantern (first appeared in Showcase #22). Jim Jordan, son of Martin Jordan, grew up in Coastville and married Sue Williams and had a son named Howard Jordan (first appeared in Green Lantern #22; Howard Jordan first appeared in Green Lantern #53). Jerry Jordan, Jr., the son of Judge Jeremiah Jordan, was a fan of Air Wave and was married to a dark-haired woman and had a son named Steven Jordan (first and only appearance in Detective Comics #119; Steven Jordan's first and only appearance was in Green Lantern #71). Douglas Buddy Jordan, son of Joe Jordan and nicknamed "Hip" as an adult, lived in the New York City area when he was young but later relocated to Tennessee with his family and grew up with problems, becoming addicted to drugs and adopting a hippie lifestyle, eventually becoming a petty criminal (first appeared in Detective Comics #83; appeared as an adult nicknamed "Hip" in Green Lantern #71).
Larry Jordan married Helen and had a son named Harold Jordan, whom he named after his favorite nephew, Hal Jordan (Harold first appeared in Green Lantern #100, while Helen first appeared in DC Comics Presents #41).
"Dead Men Can Tell Tales," Detective Comics #115 (September, 1946
"Landslide for the Law," Detective Comics #109 (March, 1946).
10) , 11)
Detective Comics #134
Air_Wave_Earth-1.txt
by docquantum


Dr. Ken Kalkwarf is a Professor in the Department of Periodontics, and Dean of the Dental School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. He graduated from the University of Nebraska with a DDS and then completed at General Practice Residency Program in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He returned to the University of Nebraska to receive his Certificate in Periodontics and an MS in Oral Biology. He became a Diplomate of the American Board of Periodontology in 1979.
Dr. Kalkwarf held faculty positions at the University of Oklahoma and the University of Nebraska, including the Directorship of the postdoctoral Periodontics Program. He has continuously maintained a private practice limited to Periodontics. He has served on various capacities with the Texas Society of Periodontists, the Southwest Society of Periodontists, and the American Academy of Periodontology. He has been a reviewer for the Journal of Periodontology since 1984.


For the last couple of years I have been traveling and sharing what I know about digital collage. If you are interested in learning how to jump the "I can't draw stage" and dive into digital collage then I think you could enjoy one of my workshops. They are aimed to creatives from different fields so a basic Adobe Photoshop knowledge is enough to get you going.
Berlin! May 13, 14 & 15.
Oslo! February 20 & 21.
Berlin! February 11, 12 & 13.
Berlin! November 19, 20, 21.
We will learn how to go from the empty canvas to a finished digital collage. From composition concepts, to links where the pros get their images we will have fun making digital artwork for illustration or the sake of making art.
We will dive deep into digital collage and explore its possibilities. We will go from the most basic techniques to complex ones to transfer the images in your head into your computer screen.
Three days, three hours each of pure digital collage. From the white canvas until the export, we will go through the process and techniques that I have been using for the last 10 years.
I am happy to announce that I will be giving a new workshop at ESDIP BERLIN.
Four days loaded with info, exercises, links, tips and tricks! Hope to see you there.
2 days, 4 hours each. We are going to mix scissors with clicks in the beautiful Barcelona at a lovely place called Cadaver Exquisit.


text:
Alison Levine
(University of Arizona 1987)
Adventurer, Explorer and Mountaineer; Founder, DareDevil Strategies; Founder Climb High Foundation
Alison Levine is a history-making polar explorer and mountaineer. She served as team captain of the first AmericanWomen's Everest Expedition, climbed the highest peak on each continent and skied to both the North and South Poles—a feat known as the Adventure Grand Slam, which fewer than forty people in the world have achieved. In January 2008, she made history as the first American to complete a 600-mile traverse from west Antarctica to the South Pole following the route of legendary explorer Reinhold Messner. Levine completed this arduous journey on skis while hauling 150 pounds of her gear and supplies in a sled harnessed to her waist. She made history once again in 2016 when she completed the first ascent of Antarctica's Hall Peak. Her success in extreme environments is noteworthy given she has had three heartsurgeries and suffers from Raynaud's disease, which causes the arteries that feed her fingers and toes to collapse in coldweather— leaving her at extreme risk for frostbite.
In addition to having tackled some of the most challenging environments in the outdoors, Levine also spent time climbing the corporate ladder. She worked in the pharmaceutical and medical device industry, earned an MBA from Duke University, and spent three years working for Goldman Sachs. She left Goldman in 2003 to serve as deputy finance director for Arnold Schwarzenegger in his successful bid to become Governor of California.
Levine spent four years as an adjunct professor at the United States Military Academy at West Point in the Department of Behavioral Sciences and Leadership and is a strategic advisor for Thayer Leadership. She was a contributing author to the book Leadership in Dangerous Situations: A Handbook for the Armed Forces, Emergency Services and First Responders (Naval Institute Press). She also served as a Senior Fellow at the Coach K Center on Leadership & Ethics at Duke University.
A sought-after consultant and keynote speaker on the subject of leadership development, Levine has addressed audiences ranging from Fortune 500 companies to professional sports teams to the prestigious World Economic Forum at Davos. She is the author of the New York Times best-seller
On the Edge: Leadership Lessons from Mount Everest and other Extreme Environments. Having spent prolonged periods of time in some of the world's most dangerous and inhospitable places (including Wall Street), she tackles the topics of creating cohesive teams, taking responsible risks and developing no- nonsense leaders that can succeed in times of uncertainty.
Levine is the founder of the Climb High Foundation, a nonprofit organization dedicated to improving the lives of jobless women in western Uganda by training them to be trekking guides and porters in their local mountains, thus allowing them to earn a sustainable living wage through climbing-related tourism. Her efforts enabled the first group of local women toclimb Uganda's highest peak—Mt Stanley, and her work in Africa is the subject of the PBS documentary Living Courageously.
Levine's newest role is that of executive producer of the upcoming documentary film The Glass Ceiling, which chronicles the life of Pasang Lhamu Sherpa (1961- 1993) and her quest to become the first Nepali woman to climb Mt. Everest.
Leadership Quote
"The fear of failure is the main factor that prevents people from taking risks, which is unfortunate. I think it's good to fail at times. When you don't achieve the goal you set out for yourself, you can still learn from that experience."
On the Edge: The Art of High-Impact Leadership
Bookclub: Levine's "On the Edge" demonstrates the importance of leadership in a VUCA environment
Choosing Your Team: Experience, Expertise, and Ego


text:
Louis Charles Kolff (Wassenaar, 1 juni 1893 – Zutphen, 7 juni 1970) was een Nederlands politicus.

Hij werd geboren als zoon van Louis Charles Kolff (1867-1922) en Jacoba Theodora Augusta Hageman (*1866). Hij woonde in Velp en was gemeente-ambtenaar voor hij in 1922 zijn overleden vader opvolgde als burgemeester van Wieringen. Dat was toen nog een eiland in de Zuiderzee en een van de eilandbewoners was destijds de Duitse kroonprins Wilhelm. Deze keerde eind 1923 terug naar Duitsland en krap een jaar later werd Wieringen met het vasteland verbonden zodat het niet langer een eiland was. Kolff werd midden 1942 als gijzelaar geïnterneerd en kort daarop ontslagen waarna Wieringen een NSB'er, Albertus van Diemen, als burgemeester kreeg. Kolff keerde na de bevrijding terug in zijn oude functie. Hij ging in 1958 met pensioen en overleed in 1970 op 77-jarige leeftijd.

Burgemeester van Wieringen.


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When I taught in the public school, parties were all the rage. Haha. We had one for just about any occasion we could think of. Homeroom moms would come in with cute crafts, fun food, and all kinds of games. Even when we confined it to the last hour of the day, it still consumed many weeks with the planning and details.
We had Thanksgiving feasts with Pilgrims and Indians. We had hot cocoa parties with more junk food than you've probably seen in one room. They were always fun, but the carnality always bothered me. Not that there is anything wrong with having parties, food, games, and fun. I just always hated to see holidays so focused on GETTING and so not focused on GIVING.
The kids grew to expect a fanfare directed at them when holidays neared and this bothered me even more.
When I became a mom, I vowed to think harder about this whole thing. When God led me to homeschool, I figured parties would be a thing of the past. Turns out homeschoolers have parties, too.
And one thing my homeschool support group does really well is parties. At our annual Christmas party, we do many of the usual activities (stories, songs, food, and crafts), but it's all directed outward. Each activity we do gives our children the opportunity to serve someone else. One year we made massive plates of cookies for local emergency responders. As a group, we took the gifts and caroled at the station.
Another year we made little paper shoes and filled them with treats for children in our area who might not otherwise receive treats.
I've grown to really love this new way of thinking about holiday parties and wanted to extend it to Thanksgiving. We tend to be so busy in December.
Why not have a party in November that is focused on serving others?
I decided to call it a blessings party.
The idea is simple. Get together a group of friends, a homeschool co-op, Sunday school class, etc. Then have the kids create things to bless other people. Equip them for how to give these things to others and then send them off to find ways to serve over the next month or so.
When it comes to parties, I like to keep things as simple as possible. Here's your super simple game plan!
Step 1—> Gather your materials!
Clear party favor bags (3-5 per child). These will be filled with treats and thank you cards to give out to others. Of course, you could skip this step and just do thank you cards if desired.
Something to fill the bags with. We often use candy, but you might also consider cookies or other small treats.
Paper string to tie the bags. You could use any kind of ribbon or tie. Many craft stores have great seasonal options, too.
Hole punch to punch the cards. We fold the cards in half with the words on the inside then punch the hole and attach to the string and bag.
Using our thankfulness printables (free), make a set for each attendee. You can send them to an office supply store for easier printing if desired or simply print from home. I recommend printing on cardstock (this is my favorite printer in case you are dying to know, haha).
As the kids arrive, have them decorate the outside of their bag with things they are thankful for. This is a great icebreaker activity and helps make sure everyone can participate in the main event.
I love to play music during this time is Reflections on a Journey by Greg Howlett. It's traditional hymns played by piano and orchestra. It's beautiful, calm (but not the put you to sleep kind of calm), and a great fit for the theme. Count Your Blessings is my favorite track on this album, too.
Step 3—> Time to be thankful!
Have the kids brainstorm a huge list of people they might want to thank. I usually do this on giant sticky notes I can hang on the wall. (As a mom, it's amazing how handy these are!) This giant list will help the kids think of people they might not ordinarily consider thanking, such as the piano teacher or music pastor.
As the kids think of ideas, have them jot them down on the gratitude list printable or have them write on small sticky notes to use later.
Step 4—> Play some fun games together!
Games are what make a party fun. Go all out with simple themed games designed to help the kids develop an attitude of thankfulness. If you have older children (8 and up), I'd play games after you've done your cards. If you have younger children involved, you might play games throughout the party, splitting up the writing/listening time required of them.
Play hangman with Bible verses about being thankful (we've listed some in our printable).
Revise the game "hot potato" to have the person holding the potato stand up and say something they are thankful for (rather than getting eliminated).
You could also have children write 3 things they are thankful for on a leaf and turn it in. Then have the others guess who wrote it.
Read about a missionary such as George Mueller. Act out the story of his orphanage praying for food. This excerpt from his personal journal retells the story well!
Hide the pieces to "The Doxology" around your house and have the kids race in two teams to put it together. (Put a team number on the back of each piece or hide them in different rooms. The puzzle is free in our Thankfulness activities pack.
If your group leans toward the younger side, you might read a children's picture book to the group. There are many great children's books about thankfulness listed here.
If you want to dig even deeper, you could create gratitude journals for kids using our free printable pack, too. Simply print, 3-hole-punch, and tie with fun ribbon.
You'll also find games and crafts on thankfulness here on this Pinterest board.
Whatever you do, remember to keep it simple. The best parties aren't packed full of stuff. They are simple, fun, and memorable! Don't stress over it. Make a short list of people to invite and go for it.
You don't need months of planning or elaborate details to make memories that challenge and strengthen the faith of your kids, just a willing heart!
What do you think? Will you try it? What thankfulness activities would you include? Share with us in the comments!
Get the entire Gratitude Printables Activity Pack and ALL of our most popular holiday favorites in one simple download collection. We've made it easy-peasy to keep your hearts focused on the real meaning of EVERY season through Scripture-rich printables encouraging time in the Word, family enjoyment, and the service of others. Click the image below to learn more.
What a fantastic idea, I'm going to have to try this! We have been trying to find meaningful ways to celebrate the holidays, to focus on service instead of "stuff".
I LOVE THIS!!! I am writing a post on my own blog to feature this idea and will link your site. I blog to encourage people to find ways to help out in the world of adoption even if they are not wanting to become an adoptive family, I share many ways they can help. This is a perfect idea to share with my readers! Thank you! And I love your domain name. Excited to read more of your stuff.
We have had a Fall Party for the last three years. I usually cut a large tree out of paper bags and attach it to the wall with tape. then I pass out cut out leaves and have people write what they are thankful for on it, and tape the leaves to the tree!
I have done a blessing party or Count Your Blessings party. I included a craft where they painted wooden letters "GiVE THANKS" and they wrote their years blessings and things they were thankful for. Then did some fall decorating crafts. I recommend maybe doing wood blocks with my give thanks project to make easier to display.


Star Trader unable to connect to google play?
I also had reinstalled this app, to the same effect. i purchased this game two 4 years ago and just purchased the character designer.
please advise so i can play tjis game again.
but when i used my old phone and reinstalled these two games, no issues.
Sorry to hear you are having an issue with the game. I'm sure we can get this issue resolved.
Sometimes this is caused by the device data being out of date. Sometimes a reboot fixes it.
This is especially likely to fix your issue -- be sure to get BOTH Google apps.
Actually, I already tried most of your suggestions except calling Google support even before I posted.
Since it affected all of the games that I purchased from you, and calling Google support has only .00000000000000001% with the 1,000,000,000 of wasted hours talking with them,my only option was factory reset (after backing up all important data of course).
Thank you for your help. Your games may be a little bit steep in learning curve but they sure can withstand the test of time and still very enjoyable. I am sure I cannot withstand with the idea that I cannot go back and play them again.
lorderick - we have had a sudden spike in reports of this issue over the weekend. This happens from time to time, Google Play Games has some service issues. I'd wait a day or two and retry the steps with clearing cache and switching wifi states.


My favorite part of the class was to lay on the ocean floor and stare up at the surface. The light shimmered across it, the same way the water sparkled from above, but with a muted, quiet kind of beauty. I was taking a scuba certification class and I was swimming along thirty feet below the ocean's surface for the first time in my life. My body drifted with the surge in unison with the school of yellow fish. I looked a sea turtle in the eye as it swam toward me. We stayed below for the better part of an hour. I was in another world.


text:
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Sirennet Blog	 September 27, 2021
Strong quake hits Greek island of Crete; 1 dead, 20 injured
By ELENA BECATOROS and DEREK GATOPOULOS for the Associated Press
ATHENS, Greece (AP) — A strong, prolonged earthquake with a preliminary magnitude of at least 5.8 struck the Greek island of Crete on Monday, killing one person and injuring 20, while damaging homes and churches and causing rock slides near the country's fourth-largest city.
A Resident passes next to a damaged Greek Orthodox chapel after a strong earthquake in Arcalochori village on the southern island of Crete, Greece, Monday, Sept. 27, 2021. A strong earthquake with a preliminary magnitude of 5.8 has struck the southern Greek island of Crete, and Greek authorities say one person has been killed and several more have been injured. (AP Photo/Harry Nikos)
The quake sent people fleeing into the streets in the city of Heraklion, and schools were evacuated. Repeated aftershocks — described by witnesses as feeling like small explosions — rattled the area, adding to damage in villages near the epicenter.
"The earthquake was strong and was long in duration," Heraklion mayor Vassilis Lambrinos told private Antenna television.
The Athens Geodynamic Institute, which gave the 5.8 magnitude, said the quake struck at 9:17 a.m. (0617 GMT), with an epicenter 246 kilometers (153 miles) south southeast of the Greek capital, Athens.
Hospital officials said 20 people had been treated for injuries, ten of them receiving first aid.
International and domestic flights to Heraklion airport weren't affected by the quake, while the region's hoteliers association said there was no serious damage to any hotels in the area, which includes many popular holiday resorts.
Municipal construction vehicles helped clear a path for the emergency services, scooping up rubble and knocking down a badly damaged apartment block balcony.
"This is not an event that occurred without warning. We have seen activity in this region for several months. This was a strong earthquake, it was not under sea but under land and affecting populated areas," seismologist Gerasimos Papadopoulos said on Greece's state broadcaster ERT.
The European-Mediterranean Seismological Center and the U.S. Geological Survey put the preliminary magnitude of 6.0, with an epicenter seven kilometers (four miles) north of the village of Thrapsano. It is common for different seismological institutes to give varying magnitudes for an earthquake.
Greece's Climate Crisis and Civil Protection Ministry said one man had been killed. He was pulled from the rubble of a partially collapsed church in the village of Arkalochori, very close to the epicenter, authorities said. Local media said the victim was a 65-year-old builder who had been working inside the church when the roof collapsed on him.
Government spokesman Giannis Oikonomou said there were no reports of people missing or trapped under rubble.
Seismologist Efthimios Lekkas, who heads Greece's Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization, said inspections of critical buildings such as schools and hospitals had already begun.
"We are urging people who live in damaged older buildings to remain outdoors. One aftershock can cause a collapse," Lekkas said from Crete. "We are talking about structures built before 1970. Structures built after 1985 are built to a higher standard that can withstand the effect of an earthquake."
Climate Crisis and Civil Protection Minister Christos Stylianides, who traveled to Crete, said a state of emergency was being declared in the area. Local media said hundreds of homes had been damaged, including more than half the houses in Arkalochori.
Civil protection officials said tents were being set up for residents whose homes had been damaged, and there would be capacity for up to 2,500 people.
The fire department said it was flying 30 members of its disaster response units with sniffer dogs and specialized rescue equipment to Crete, while all its disaster response units and the fire department services on Crete were placed on general alert.
Numerous aftershocks struck the area, with the EMSC giving a preliminary magnitude of 4.6 for the two strongest.
Greece lies in one of the most seismically active parts of the world, but strong quakes that cause extensive loss of life or widespread damage are rare. In 1999, an earthquake just outside Athens killed 143 people.
John Hinckley, who shot Reagan, to be freed from oversight
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The Scottish Government has unveiled a new £5.8 million fund to help young people prepare for work and find jobs.
The funds will be distributed across Scotland's 32 local authorities, who will use the money to strengthen links between schools, colleges and employers.
Funding will also go towards the continuing development of work-based learning and career pathways for young people as well as supporting vulnerable groups towards employment.
The Scottish Government will work with the Convention of Scottish Local Authorities on the allocation of the funds, which form part of wider drive to reduce youth unemployment in Scotland by 40 per cent by 2021.
Fair Work, Skills and Training Secretary, Roseanna Cunningham, said: "Work to reduce youth unemployment in Scotland by 40 per cent by 2021 is well under way through actions as part of our youth employment strategy.
"Last month's figures showed that youth employment was at 363,000, the highest figure recorded since the same period ten years ago.
"We have already funded Skills Development Scotland to provide more modern apprenticeships (MAs) and enhanced careers advice, but we need to keep up momentum.
"Local government has a key role to play in preparing young women and men for employment, and is already taking forward a range of activity to help them fulfil their potential.


text:
Q: Installing older package of gcc on Centos 8 via dnf I am new to centos 8 and want to install gcc 6.3.1 on Centos 8 via dnf but it looks like Centos 8 comes with gcc 8.* and no previous version is present in the mirror so downgrading is not working.
Is there a way to install gcc 6.3.1 on Centos 8 from some other repo?
For a relative example of fedora see this thread

A: You can only downgrade to the version already offered by CentOS 8 and GCC 6.3.1 doesn't fit the bill.
Unfortunately the only way to install this version of GCC without wreaking havoc to your system is to download the source, compile and install it into e.g. /opt/gcc6
As for compile flags check Fedora or CentOS src.rpms - you'll only need to add --prefix=/opt/gcc6
Update: here's how I compiled GCC 4-7:
Unpack it.
(under root/sudo) yum install gcc make glibc-devel gmp-devel mpfr-devel gmp-devel

export CFLAGS="-O2 -march=native -pipe"
export CXXFLAGS=$CFLAGS
cd gcc-6.3.1
mkdir BUILD
cd BUILD

../configure --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --disable-stage1-checking \
--with-system-zlib --enable-__cxa_atexit --enable-multilib --with-gnu-as \
--with-gnu-ld --enable-languages="c,c++" --without-x --prefix=/opt/gcc \
--disable-libunwind-exceptions --with-gmp=/usr


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0%52°28°Partly cloudy with a high of 52 °F (11.1 °C). Winds variable at 2 to 6 mph (3.2 to 9.7 kph).Night - Partly cloudy. Winds variable at 6 mph (9.7 kph). The overnight low will be 28 °F (-2.2 °C).
10%56°31°Breezy today with a high of 56 °F (13.3 °C) and a low of 31 °F (-0.6 °C).
0%66°31°Sunny today with a high of 66 °F (18.9 °C) and a low of 31 °F (-0.6 °C).
Tonight - Partly cloudy. Winds variable at 6 mph (9.7 kph). The overnight low will be 28 °F (-2.2 °C).


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A Christian Science Practitioner is somebody who applies the spiritual laws of God, as explained by Christ Jesus, to bring healing to all areas of your life.
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However, if you prefer a practitioner to visit your home, many practitioners can arrange to travel to you. Other practitioners keep public offices where you can have an in-person meeting. The majority of practitioners give Christian Science treatments from their own homes. Their patients can be right down the road or thousands of miles away.
The short answer is no. Since Christian Science is not simply a religion and is instead the provable laws of divine healing as instructed by Christ Jesus, anyone has the opportunity to use these divine laws for healing. Just as anyone has the option to use the laws of mathematics or aerodynamics. Those laws do not belong to anyone and are available to everybody.
Mary Baker Eddy created the Church of Christ, Scientist to be a place where fellow readers of Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures could go and study weekly lessons in Christian Science. However, Christian Science is a Science open and available to all. Mary Baker Eddy envisioned churches of all denominations to be preaching and showing from Science and Health along with from the Bible.
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Adding realism to our garden railway systems involves many things. One of my favorites is to have some event take place when a train approaches a point in the track. This event can be something as simple as turning a light on or off or as complex as having a crossing gate drop to the accompaniment of bells and flashing red lights. To have such things triggered appropriately we must sense the presence of the train as it passes some designated point in its travels.
1. They must reliably detect the passing of a train or (if installed on the train) must detect when the train passes a certain point on the track.
2. They must withstand exposure to rain, snow, ice, heat, cold, sunlight, insects and dozens of other environmental conditions.
3. The cost must be reasonable.
We'll start with a simple event, turning on an LED or other light, as a train passes a crossing. The most straightforward way to turn the light on is to place a small switch, called a micro switch, between the ties in the track so that the bottom of the train pushes down on the switch as it passes and turns the light on.
Micro switches are available from a number of sources including Radio Shack (275-016 & 275-017), Hosfelt (51-403) and All Electronics (SMS-209 that claims to be watertight!) You can also salvage very small micro switches from old computer mice. Each of the two or three mouse buttons activates a micro switch that is inside of the case. The smallest switches in the photo above were removed from mice.
There are a number of issues involved in the selection and placement of switches. Since there must be mechanical contact between the train and the switch for it to work you must make sure that whatever part of the switch the train pushes on moves enough to activate the switch but does not provide sufficient resistance to derail lighter cars or scratch finishes. Switches can be placed on the side of the track or under it. Either way you also need to place it so that a train passing in either direction will activate it and will not snag on it.
Sidetrack: Let's make sure everyone is on the same page as we talk about switches. There are a number of different ways that mechanical switches can be configured. The simplest is a SPST (single pole / single throw) switch that just connects or breaks the connection between two contact points. Such a switch can be normally open (NO) or normally closed (NC). Its schematic is below.
SPDT (single pole / double throw) – one contact (generally called common) can connect with one of two contacts called NO (normally open) or NC (normally closed). Some double throw switches also have a center off position where none of the contacts are connected.
The two SPST switch schematics below are for momentary NO and NC switches. These are spring loaded switches that return to their normal state after being pushed.
I have had some success with this method by using a micro switch that has a small metal arm attached to it. When the arm is depressed it triggers the switch contacts. If you extend the metal arm by soldering or gluing a longer metal piece of curved metal to it a passing train will push the arm down and turn on the light. If you want to give this type of sensor a try make sure that you select a single pole single throw (SPST) switch this has either normally open (NO) contacts or a single pole double throw (SPDT) switch that has both normally open (NO) and normally closed (NC) contacts as you will connect the LED or lamp to the normally open contacts. If you mount the switch below the train so that it contacts the bottom of the engine or cars be careful to mount it so that the lowest hanging part of the train activates the switch.
Here is one method of mounting a micro switch. First extend the switch's arm curving it gently so that a train passing in either direction will activate it. Then cut a section of tie so that the switch can be glued into the notch.
Test fit the switch and adjust it so that it is activated by the lowest part of your engine or rolling stock. Glue the switch to the cut tie and wire it to the circuit.
This seems like a simple sensor to implement and it certainly meets at least one of our objectives, it's inexpensive. It is, however, not particularly reliable as the switch and/or its arm can easily be misaligned, fouled by ballast & debris or snagged on the passing train with unfortunate results. It will also flash the light as the switch arm moves up and down in response to the passing of the various parts of the train's underbelly or the sides of cars. In addition, most switches that might be used for this purpose are not designed for outdoor use so they are likely to corrode and fail in short order. I have seen this type of sensor used successfully on indoor layouts but I have had mostly bad experiences when using them outside.
If you do get mechanical switches to work properly on your railroad there is a simple circuit with a single relay and two switches that will turn a light on when the first switch is activated and leave it on until the second switch is hit.
Sidetrack: Relays are mechanical devices made up of a coil of wire and a number of switch contacts. They can be found it SPST, SPDT, DPDT and a number of other configurations.
A relay changes the switch contacts from one position to another when enough current goes through the coil to create a magnetic field that is sufficient to pull the switch contacts together (for NO contacts) or apart (for NC). Relays are normally rated by the voltage needed to operate them.
The schematic below should help you to understand how this circuit operates. When the train goes over the first switch (SW1, a NO switch, in the diagram) it connects power to the relay's coil connecting the NO contact with the common center lead. Notice that the two bottom relay contacts are connected in parallel with SW1 and also serve to keep the relay on. When the switch opens after the train passes those contacts keep power flowing to the relay coil and the LED stays on as power to it flows through the second set of contacts.
The second switch (SW2) is a normally closed switch that is wired in series with the power going to the coil. When it is hit by the train its contacts open and power to the coil on the relay is interrupted and the spring in the relay returns the contacts to their normal position and the LED goes out.
To build this circuit start with a DPDT relay that has an operating voltage that is appropriate for your railway. I generally choose 5 volt relays as I can easily make higher voltages into 5 volts but the opposite conversion can be a bit of a challenge. The 5 volt relays I used are from Electronic Goldmine and cost less than $2.00 each. The contacts for the coil are at one of the relay and the switch contacts are grouped into sets of three, one NO, one NC and one Common in each set.
The pin connection diagram is frequently printed on the case or you can determine the common, NC and NO contacts with an ohm meter.
This particular relay (part # G15204 from Electronic Goldmine) has the two contacts for the coil at the far right, labeled 1 and 16. The next two pins (numbered 2 and 15) are the two common terminals for the DPDT contacts. 6 and 11 are the NC contacts and the two at the far left (8 and 9) are the NO contacts.
The two pictures below show wide and close-up views of the test wiring of that relay. The NO switch is on the left wired with yellow and white wire. The NC switch is below wired with black and green. The two wires exiting the photo at the top (red and black) go to the 5 volt power supply.
The three terminals (numbered 4, 6 and 8) make up the unused connections that you can use to activate your device.
There is one unusual characteristic of this relay that I had not run across before. The coil is polarized. That means that the positive and negative power connections must be made correctly or it will not work. Most relays don't care about polarity. In this case I wired it incorrectly the first time and it did not work. Just reverse the power connections connecting the red, positive wire, to the NC reed switch and the black, negative wire, to pin 15 and it should work just fine. Alternatively you can just order Electronic Goldmine's part # G15205 that has a non polarized coil and you can forget about polarity altogether!
You will want to modify this circuit a bit if you regularly run your trains in both directions. As set up above a train moving in a clockwise direction, for example, would hit SW1 first, turning on the relay, and then SW2 turning it off. If you ran the train in the other direction the train would hit SW2 first, doing nothing, and then SW1, triggering the event which would continue until the train completed its loop and hit SW2 again. IF we add a second NC switch, wired in series with SW2 and placed a distance away from SW1 in the opposite direction from the first NC switch, the event would stop whenever either of the NC switches was hit.
A better alternative to mechanical switches that require physical contact between the train and the switch is the magnetic reed switch. Magnetic reed switches are made up of two overlapping strips of ferromagnetic material that are sealed within a glass cylinder. The glass case serves to keep the reeds properly aligned so that they normally do not touch and to protect them from environmental contamination. When a magnetic field from an external magnet comes close to the reeds they assume opposite magnetic polarity and are attracted to each other completing a circuit. Reed switches of this type are almost always normally open (NO) switches. That is, they are open or off under normal conditions and only close and complete a circuit when a magnet comes close to them.
Reed switches are available from Hosfelt (51-031, 51-260, 51-144), All Electronics (RSW-14) and Electronic Goldmine (G13087). They are not currently available from Radio Shack. When selecting a reed switch for model railroad use I have found that the smaller the reed switch the better as the larger ones seem to require a stronger magnetic field to activate.
One word of caution when working with reed switches similar to the 3rd one in the photo above, don't try to bend the wires coming out of the glass tube with your fingers! Doing so is almost guaranteed to break the glass. Grip the wire with needle nose pliers next to the glass and then bend the wire as needed.
Track side events can also be activated by placing the magnet on the train and the reed switch on the track. As the train passes the switch is activated and the event is triggered. The main drawback to using magnetic switches in this way is that the magnet on the train has a tendency to attract any metal debris that it comes across in its travels. On the plus side, it might pick up a missing metal part!
If you want to use a pair of reed switches to turn a light on at one point and turn it off a bit later as we did with the mechanical switches you are likely to run into one major difficulty. Commonly available reed switches almost always have NO contacts. For our circuit to work we need one NO switch to turn the light on and one NC switch to turn it off.
Before you spend too much time looking for NC or SPDT reed switches you should consider turning a standard NO reed switch into a NC. To do this you will need a NO reed switch, a piece of Plexiglas, a small magnet and some glue.
The idea is to glue a small magnet and the reed switch to a base so that the magnet keeps the switch's contacts closed. When another magnet comes close it interacts with the first magnet's field enough to open the contacts back up giving us a NC reed switch!
First glue the reed switch to a piece of Plexiglas or other non-metallic base material. I found that the reed switches that I used worked best if the reeds inside of the glass vial were held in a vertical position. Next attach an LED or other light and battery to the reed switch so that you can tell when its contacts are closed. Put the small magnet on the bottom of the Plexiglas and move it around until the reed switch's contacts close and the light goes on. Now bring another magnet near the reed switch and see if the contacts open again. It will probably take a bit of experimentation, and at least 3 hands, but you should be able to find a position for the first magnet so that the reed switch reliably keeps its contacts closed but opens them when a second magnet is nearby. Once you find a location that works well glue the magnet in place. Below are three NC reed switches that I put together while testing. Each of them has a small reed switch on one side of the Plexiglas and a small magnet strategically placed and glued on the other side.
With a NC reed switch you can easily duplicate the circuit we used before by simply substituting reed switches for micro switches. Here are two photos of the test circuit and the two reed switches, one NO and one NC.
If you would like to use either the mechanical switches or reed switches to activate any of the sound boards mentioned in the LSOL articles "Give Your Railroad a Voice" here are some notes that may help.
1. Four Train Sound Board #1 - since this sound board generates several seconds of sound from a single button push or reed switch connection all you need to generate that sound is a single NO switch connected to the activation connections for one of the four sounds. You could easily put two reed switches under the track, one to the left and one to the right, and have one connected to one sound, the bell perhaps, and the other connected to the whistle sound. They could be activated by placing magnets to the left or right on an engine or car.
Dog Bone and RSM units - will play the recorded sound once for each switch closure. If the switch stays closed through the entire playback they will also play once when the switch is released.
20 second recorder - if the switch stays closed the sound will repeat over and over until it is opened.
120 second recorder - each switch closure will play one message - it will not repeat if kept closed.
As you can probably tell I am much more fond of reed switches than mechanical ones for garden railway applications. I think that you will also find that reed switches, especially when you have the capability to modify them to be NC, provide one of the simplest and most reliable methods of sensing train movements and controlling events.
In the next part of this article we will examine other sensing options and the advantages and disadvantages of each.


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Q: Email intent as a Dialog I am developing an app with email sharing. The code I am using to launch the intent is standard Android ie:
Intent emailIntent = new Intent(android.content.Intent.ACTION_SEND);
emailIntent.putExtra(android.content.Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, title);
emailIntent.setType("application/octet-stream");
emailIntent.putExtra(android.content.Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "Hello");

context.startActivity(emailIntent);

The thing is, this launches the Gmail app in a fullscreen which I don't want. Can I make it a dialog similar to how iOS does below? If not, has it been written already, or do I need to write it myself.

Thanks

A: You could create a Dialog with this layout to get the data from the user and send the actual email using the avaMail API as shown in the post
Sending Email in Android using JavaMail API without using the default/built-in app

A: You can't with ACTION_SEND. By sending this Intent, you're telling the system to start Gmail itself. You can pass "extras" in the Intent that fill in some of the useful data. This is a feature, in that you're allowing users to choose among apps that can handle ACTION_SEND, rather than forcing them to use Gmail.
If you want a dialog, you have to write it yourself first, then pass the values you collect to the email program the user chooses.

A: By firing out Intent you are starting another application. No mailer (afair) supports any sort of embedding, so you need to write pictured activity itself and then, once user ends typing grab what's there and do ACTION_SEND. Yet, I recommend NOT doing so unless your users start complaining (which I think will not happen).