text:
Gay Philippines: Traumatic History and Dramatic Queens
Intro: The Philippines is a widely diverse culture spread across hundreds of islands which include high tech cities and primitive jungle tribes. In central Cebu, a small but sufficient gay community thrives and also displays its diversity, from preppies to drag queens. Nearby is the small island of Leyte steeped in history marking Mac Arthur's famous return.
Gay Philippines Stories
Gay Philippines News & Reports 2001 to present
Gay Philippines Photo Galleries
By Richard Ammon
"Nooooway. I don't want a queer boyfriend. I want a husband!" So declared my very gay male friend as we sat in a shaded cozy restaurant just off the traffic-fumed main plaza of Cebu City, Philippines. My face revealed my surprise, so Reul drove home the point: " I want a straight man, not half a man or another girl", laughing a bit to soften the strength of his position.To my gay-lib-egalitarian-guppie-Laguna ears his words sounded like fingernails on a blackboard. A soft-faced gay man about thirty, devoted Catholic, dressed in slacks and sport shirt, articulate in English and Tagalog, Reul works in a department store and is very serious and confident about his sexuality as well as his desire for love and the role he must play to get it.
My chat with him was a sudden and intriguing introduction to the variety of gay lifestyles in this country of islands. For Reul, this meant dressing like a woman (usually in the evening after work when the social hours begin), working hard to save money and then finding a straight man who is willing to be his hired boyfriend.This was new for me. In America it's not unusual for a queer boy to fantasize seducing a straight boy and 'giving him what he really wants'. But the effort is mostly imaginary . The idea of hiring a straight boyfriend, thrilling as it might be for some gay men, would greatly grind against the macho self-image of most straight men. Such an ill-placed offer could result in a fist instead of a friend.
A Visit with History
I had flown to Asia for six weeks on a Cathay Pacific Asia Pass. During that time I visited new gay friends in Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Philippines, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Japan. I dropped in on Cebu, the second largest city in the Philippines, because that's where the plane landed. I knew little about the city or the area or the gay scene or the history. It was a serendipitous visit–my favorite kind. But good planning ahead (via the internet) put me in touch with two native gay men, Reul and Bengi, who live near Cebu City (they do not know each other) and they agreed to meet me on separate days.
Intending to mix scenic and historic adventures with social contacts, I flew into Cebu City clutching a Lonely Planet bible in one hand and my laptop in the other. By coincidence I was plowing my way through a thousand-page biography of General Douglas Mac Arthur's by historian William Manchester. As I approached Cebu from Hong Kong (the hub for our destinations), the book was approaching Mac Arthur's' return to the Philippines in October of 1944.
The timing was good and the invitation to history was strong, so I headed to Leyte, the island adjacent to Cebu, where the General and tens of thousands of troops triumphed in the sea Battle of Leyte Gulf. This was followed by his famous re-entry as he waded ashore to give his "I have returned…" speech that began the liberation of the Philippines.
The great bronze statues of the General and his staff are set in a shallow pond by the very beach where thousands were killed or injured in turning the tide of the war. The monument is a real showstopper of a memorial. The statues are dramatic, almost in motion and 1.5 times life size. Mac Arthur's ego would have loved it. A few meters away is a 'Peace Park' where nations have donated placards supporting world peace. The Japanese plaque reads simply: "Peace on earth."
One of the haunting aspects of history is the silence that follows for generations after horrific events have disintegrated the lives of countless people. This was no exception. Looking out onto the quiet azure waters of that Leyte beach (Red Beach, Palo) and knowing what torment lay beneath the surface remians a heavy moment in time that no one should ignore.
Varieties of Gay Lifestyles
In the 65 years since that battle, life has of course picked up and moved on in ways unimaginable for the soldiers who secured the liberty. Life becomes more refined and more varied when not threatened by terror or tyranny. Liberty allows choice and authenticity and so today people like Reul and Bengi are generally free to define lifestyles that are true to their gay natures. And as may be expected, a variety of lifestyles have emerged over the past half-century.
Bengi met me for lunch the day after Leyte. A university graduate now working as a consultant in the computer industry, he has a quick mind and also clear sense of his sexuality–one very different from Reul and from several of his own friends. "My friends sometimes make fun of me; they say I must be a lesbian because I want a gay boyfriend. They don't understand the kind of gay life I want. I am a man and I want a man boyfriend to live with. I'm not a flaming kind of guy."
His model of a relationship is one of several he described. Gays in the Philippines fall into three categories. (1) parlor or 'pa-girls', the ones associated with a beauty parlor. Technically, they are into the cosmetic and beauty business. They are decked out with 'fabulous' gowns and accessories(at night). Or sometimes they simply want to look and be just like women–"but prettier" they think. Bengi says these are "the complete Filipino gay stereotypes who only want straight men for love." Beauticians, parlor attendants, make-up artists, loud stage performers, comic or serious, drag or song-and-dance artists typify this lifestyle.
(2) Subdued gay types, closeted pa-'mhin' (corruption of the word man) or 'man-wannabees'. Said Bengi, "The parlor gays just trash them. These are the obvious types (butch softy's) whom the pa-gays just abhor because of their duplicity. They dress like ordinary or men and deny their sexuality for fear of ostracism. Many get married to hide their truth and sneak out for gay sex."Rarely is a pa-mhin available as a steady boyfriend, which makes the pa-girls frustrated and scornful.
Bengi's own model is a third kind: "urban gays–regular looking guys with preference for lovers like themselves. Usually educated and not ashamed to be gay, they prefer to be 'straight-looking' for the simple reason that "we would probably look ridiculous as women" laughed Bengi But more seriously, he explained, "I'm just a regular guy who happens to be gay I don't dress up or show it." This lifestyle is closer to the typical western 'guppie' model: has a nine-to-five career, in a monogamous, live-in, equal-role man-to-man (woman-to-woman) emotional bond.
Gays, Straights and the Church
As we talked, we were sitting in a small park by one of Cebu's most historic monuments, Magellan's Cross, immediately across from City Hall in the old town. Here in 1521 the first Christian conversions occurred followed by the first Catholic Mass. Magellan had a large cross erected to celebrate the event and the original cross is believed to be inside the present day hollow cross.
In the city and surrounding areas are magnificent ancient buildings and churches dating back to the 16th century. Many of the churches are still used in a pragmatic blending of long-ago history and present day needs:grammar schools are usually connected to the churches. It is difficult to escape being a Catholic in this country, as Bengi and Reul both testified. And equally hard is throwing off the mantle of guilt for being gay that comes with the catechism.
It's difficult to feel proud of being gay against such a strong religious disapproval toward homosexuality. I had wondered aloud to Reul that given the fear and shame many–not all–gays feel about their sexuality, how could a straight man willingly give himself to a gay person even if only for a while. He laughed in response, I think from seeing the same contradiction I saw. "Yes, these boys go to church and pretend to have girls friends but they like money and sex even more, I think!" was his gleeful yet nervous reply.
Such pa-girl-straight-boy arrangements are commonly a matter of sex and money and these may be the only bonds that keep them together. The 'pa-girl' is sometimes the sole support for the boyfriend who may or may not stay long and may or may not temporarily give up girls.
These arrangements vary according to each couple but loyalty is always a risky challenge for them. Bengi reminded me: "a relationship, whether long term or short term, with a straight man will not guarantee equality since it will always be rooted in something material or financial as a return token."Social, sexual, religious and orientation issues constantly push against the success of these often one-sided love affairs. Still, some do fare well: "I have friends who are together for five years now", Reul had declared. "Very happy. They like each other a lot. She makes a happy life for him and he is nice to her. He brings her flowers and they go dancing at the disco!"
During his college years in Manila, Bengi came out and was exposed to the wide variety of gay love styles that exist there; "I went to the bars and discos and saw the drag queens but didn't want to do that. I had other friends who stayed home with their boyfriends or went out to dinner–like 'normal' people. I guess I'm more normal than gay. I definitely prefer another gay person who is similar to me."
Gay Venues
In Cebu, a city of 675,000 mostly known for its commercial and shipping enterprises. It is not too difficult to set up house with a lover even though it is smaller than Manila (now over 10 million). But lesbian and gays lovers cohabitate in Manila more easily. "They are more militant and out there. They have pride parades and organizations, but not so much here," said Bengi. It is more difficult to maintain anonymity here.
Nevertheless there are gay places in this city and, like most urban centers, the style of each venue varies a great deal according to the gay-style of its customers. Pa-girls hang out at the local gay beauty pageant venues where they strut their stuff and sometimes win awards in singing, dancing or beauty culture.
The Bird Cage is a popular bar in Cebu where the drag queens can lip-sync sing their favorite divas. Club Circus is a hangout for a mixed crowd while CC is a "rather seedy pub where the creatures of the night like to crawl" –predominantly prostitutes, male and female.
Urban gays are into the 'uppity' venues of city since they can afford some luxuries. They go to disco's like DTM, a warehouse type dance club that plays house and rave music currently popular in Manila bars. They also go to Bai Disco which is mostly a straight dance club with a mix of gays. There is also Rounds, which is a karaoke bar.
As for the closeted 'pa-mhin' guys, they are into their straight pretense that includes straight bars and mixed clubs, which are numerous throughout the city. But, Bengi added, "they also go for sleazy encounters in movie houses where one is concealed by the lack of apt light inside."
Part 2: A Second View–From Hong Kong
Serendipity, again, is an important part of venture travel and I am frequently amazed and pleased by the coincidence of events. Two weeks after my meetings with Reul and Bengi, I happened to be in Hong Kong when the "Queer Film Fest" was screening.
One night there were four short films being shown, one of which was the documentary entitled 'Sunflowers'. It focused on Philippino gays in the town of Pasuquin, Luzon (Philippines' largest island) who stage the Sunflower Festival every year in honor of Saint Helen.
The documentary flushed out in full color and dialogues what Reul and Bengi told us earlier in Cebu. In addition to the regular religious Sunflower festival, there is an alternative Sunflower festival produced by cross-dressing 'pa-girls' who spice it up with fashion drag shows, lip-sync performances, music, dancing and food –all leading up to the climactic entry of St. Helen, borne on a litter, into the town center.
Helen is of course a guy decked out in a fabulous costume. The town loves it and everyone, adults and children, show up.
The film's director, Shawn Hainsworth, captures all the busy preparations and includes interviews with a number of these guy-girls (who are not transsexuals) as they talk candidly about their lives and loves, some in the presence of their parents. "Why not. They bring happiness to the town" said one timid but proud mother.
One by one, guys like Ferni, Bacala, Abe, Oca, Marshall and others expose their feelings and experiences regarding romantic relationships lending insight into this gay-guy-girl model of love first revealed to me by Reul.
Girl-guys on Screen
The first pa-girl we meet on screen is Marshal who worked for a while as an exotic dancer in Japan where he was able to save money and return home to build a house for himself and his sister and her children. Obviously pleased with providing for his family, he now explains: "You need money to be happy–and to have a boyfriend. It was difficult to be away and pretending to be someone else. Now I can be myself, in my own home. "Ely is younger and does not yet have the means to attract a boyfriend, but he is hopeful. "When I go to love hotels I like to serve my man. I think one will like me soon" (read: when he has enough money to attract a straight mate).
Seffi has been in a seven-year relationship with his straight boyfriend: "because I give myself totally to making my boyfriend happy, he stays with me. I am a woman for him. Before, he had a girlfriend but I was better to him and he chose me. Now I feel equal to a woman." But he also admitted, this kind of loyalty from a straight man to a gay man is unusual; many pa-girls are very aware how tenuous the linkage may be.
Despite the caution, there are often tears and broken hearts when the guy wants to get married and have a family. If the break is not too bad the men may continue to be friends with the gay partner becoming an 'uncle' to the children.
The film captures the depth of feeling which these gay men invest in their daily lives. Passion, fear, exuberance, hope and disappointment are all part of the show of life here.
Badong, a local dance teacher, also works in a hair salon. He is decidedly gay and says he thinks like a straight woman: "just because you have a man's body doesn't mean you feel like a man in here", he said tapping his chest and leaning forward. "To be gay is a girl and to be straight is a guy. I want a man–and I can be picky too. Things have changed now. There is more money we can earn. Now we are more equal."
His friend Yolley is also a hair stylist who insists he was born gay: "I always liked women's clothes more than men's." He has also had a couple of straight boyfriends but they are married now. "If you are not smart, you get hurt. I don't forget. Of course they will get married–but I can teach them some good fun before that!" he chuckles.
Listening to this, his accepting mother says she can't change him. She tried but it was no use.
School Teachers and Fabulous Dresses
As the excitement builds toward the festival night in Pasuquin, the preparations and work increase. In the same group of local friends is Abe, a schoolteacher. Hanging decorations on the stage, he tells the camera how his parents were upset with his gayness at first but that was years ago and now they accept him and let him be who is he–a good teacher who loves children.
He says, "most of the Catholic priests are also friendly; one of them calls us children of God. But another one says we are sinners. But I think God understands."
Another teacher, Ferni, goes to work everyday in regular men's clothing: "You see we do not always dress like that (in drag). We are not afraid to be more out now because we are professionals. There are doctors, nurses, lawyers, journalists, and teachers. We are more educated now and we can assert our equality."
Some of the new boldness is encouraged by the lack of violence toward gays in the Philippine culture. Bengi said it was almost unheard of that someone would physically attack a person for being gay.
Meanwhile, the big night of the Sunflower Festival arrives as the excitement builds, costumes are fitted, lanterns and lights hung, make-up applied, music sweetens the air and the 'royal' procession starts. Famous queens enter the arena regaled in elegant kitsch: Nerfertiti, Sheba, Empress of Rome and finally Saint Helen in glorious ersatz majesty. Cheers, laughter, applause greet the climax and the town is once again made happy by real queens who love a party and know a thing or two about dressing up. And then the fashion show starts, gloriously outrageous and over the top, smothered in silks and sequins, hairstyles for days and eyelashes that could lift weights. The crowds love it and the models get what they most desire–status and admiration. The festival works for all.
A New Understanding
After the film, I went out to dinner with some Hong Kong gay friends who were also intrigued by the gay-straight twist of sexuality portrayed in the Philippine culture. Our Cebu friends had told it like it is and tonight we had been shown like it is. I was grateful once again for friendship–and serendipity.
I shared with our dinner group what Reul had said at our first meeting: "I don't want a queer boyfriend. I want a husband…not another girl!" And, with a new understanding, we also laughed.
Our visit to the palm-filled, history-saturated Philippines, a land of friendly people and alternative traditions, had been made more valuable by the kindred spirits in far-off Hong Kong who arranged the Queer Film Fest. Talk about one world!
A New Life for Older Gays–and Hope for Younger Gays
Needless to say, it's not wholly accurate to categorize gay men into three simple types– pa-girls, pa-mhin, and urban guys–since many people blend into more than one type or go beyond them. In a message to GlobalGayz, a reader, Mike, reminded us of another style that easily blends into the complex Philppine culture: young Filipino guys involved with older Caucasian guys.
In various SE Asian countries age is experienced differently than in the west. A 60-year-old caucasian is often seen as 45 in the eyes of locals. As a result, countless gay men (I don't know about women, sorry to say) over 55 from western countries, where they are seen as 'tired old queens', have relocated to this area and found revitalized life and love. This older-younger dyad of course has other motivating factors such as money and opportunity in addition to sexual desire. Some critics condemn these arrangements as exploitation, perhaps with some truth, but they are mostly ignored in real life where emotion, sexuality and culture coalesce to form passionate bonds between two people.
This type of affiliation also has traditional precedents in Asian cultures in the form of mentor-apprentice relationship where families are pleased to see an alter-father figure take an interest in a youth for training or education. It's not unusual for a physical bond to form in the process, which is mostly understood and unspoken.
Mike's impassioned testimony is posted here in order to share the inside of such a distinct mentor-apprentice couple:
"I moved to the Philippines from the States in October, 2008, and have never felt a more warm and welcoming environment. In my personal experience gays are much more accepted here than anywhere else I've ever lived (over much of the western world).
One fact that bears on the Philippine situation: statistically, almost 3 million 'bois' between ages 15 and 24 are gay (assuming 20% of that age group). Some have little choice, actually, since girls are expected to retain their virginity until marriage (quite attractive 30-yr-old unmarried Filipino virgins are by no means unheard of) and with the tight rein the family places on the younger generation, a "fling" at homosexuality–for pleasure or practice–among the guys is perfectly acceptable.
I happen to be 75 years old, prefer companions 18-25, and am literally swamped with potential partners. Web sites such as planetromeo.com (nee' guys4men) and adam4adam.com, plus the sites designed for older gentlemen hopeful of meeting the younger set, apollo.com and findgaydads.com for example, make meeting these young men very easy.
Interestingly (to me, at any rate) is the flag that comes up on some of the oldster sites warning of scammers in the Phils: a valid point. But one also has to be realistic–my eyes are quite open. Many of these kids are expected to support their families, many of which barely scratch by on 100PhP ($2.00) per day.
So the "exchange of gifts" seems only fair to me. I'm putting two of my companions through college ($125.00 per semester) plus room and board (a 3 BR Condo, 30th floor with pool, rents furnished for only 20,000PhP, $420USD, a month) plus all the rice they can eat, a prodigious amount, I've discovered; I have personally eaten more rice in the past six months than in the past six years! And I am a very welcome guest in the boys' homes where I exchange cultural differences with the entire family.
I hope this gives you small glimpse of my life and delight in living in this accepting Society."
Antwerp, Belgium World OutGames Swimming Competition
Gay Life in Equatorial Guinea
First Lady of the USA sets her priorities: her face
Romania – Bucharest City


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Manhood of Humanity (ESGS electronic edition), by Alfred Korzybski (frame-dependent HTML at esgs.org)
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Knowledge and the Norm of Assertion: An Essay in Philosophical Science (Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2016), by John Turri (multiple formats with commentary at Open Book Publishers)
Learning to Unlearn: Decolonial Reflections from Eurasia and the Americas (Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press, 2012), by M. V. Tlostanova and Walter Mignolo (PDF at Ohio State)
The Discourse of Modernism (Ithaca, NY and London: Cornell University Press, c1982), by Timothy J. Reiss (PDF and EPub with commentary at Cornell Open)
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Cyberpragmatics: Internet-Mediated Communication in Context (Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins Pub. Co., c2011), by Francisco Yus (PDF at John Benjamins e-Platform)
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Agreement Beyond Phi (Linguistic Inquiry Monograph #75; Cambridge, MA and London: MIT Press, c2017), by Shigeru Miyagawa (PDF at dropbox.com)
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The Sublime and Education (2010), ed. by J. Jennifer Jones (HTML at Romantic Circles)
Schools in Crisis: Training for Success of Failure? (electronic edition; Houston: Advance Publishins, 2009), by Carl Sommer (PDF files at advancepublishing.com)
The Child and the Curriculum (28th impression; Chicago et al.: Univerity of Chicago Press, 1966), by John Dewey
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Abstracts of Dissertations and Theses in Education at the University of Michigan, 1917-1931 (Ann Arbor: Bureau of Educational Reference and Research, School of Education, University of Michigan, ca. 1932), by University of Michigan (page images at HathiTrust)
Four Essentials of Education (New York et al.: C. Scribner's sons, c1926), by Thomas Jesse Jones, contrib. by Franklin Henry Giddings and Michael Sadler (page images at HathiTrust)
On Education, Especially in Early Childhood (London: G. Allen and Unwin, c1926), by Bertrand Russell (page images at HathiTrust; US access only)
An Address Delivered Before the Two Literary Societies of the University of North Carolina in Gerard Hall (Raleigh, NC: Printed by T. Loring, 1844), by James B. Shepard
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Cambridge Essays on Education (1919), ed. by Arthur Christopher Benson (Gutenberg text)
The Century of the Child (New York and London; G. P. Putnam's Sons, c1909), by Ellen Key, trans. by Francis Maro (Gutenberg text and illustrated HTML)
The Child Under Eight (1920), by E. R. Murray and Henrietta Brown Smith (Gutenberg text)
Comenius' School of Infancy: An Essay on the Education of Youth During the First Six Years (Boston: D. C. Heath, 1896), by Johann Amos Comenius, ed. by W. S. Monroe (PDF files at Roehampton)
The Culture Demanded by Modern Life: A Series of Addresses and Arguments on the Claims of Scientific Education , by Edward Livingston Youmans (page images at MOA)
Education (Oakland, CA et al.: Pacific Press Pub. Co., c1903), by Ellen G. White (multiple formats at archive.org)
Education and the Philosophical Ideal (New York and London: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1900), by Horatio W. Dresser (multiple formats at archive.org)
Education as Service , by J. Krishnamurti (Gutenberg text)
Education: Its Relations to the State and to the Individual, and Its Methods , by George Ferdinand Becker (page images at MOA)
The Education of the Child , by Ellen Key (Gutenberg text)
Facts in Jingles (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, c1915), by Winifred Sackville Stoner, ed. by M. V. O'Shea (multiple formats at archive.org)
Froebel's Chief Writings on Education (London: Edward Arnold, 1912), by Friedrich Fröbel, trans. by Samuel Sigmund Fechheimer Fletcher and James Welton (PDF files at Roehampton)
How Gertrude Teaches Her Children: An Attempt to Help Mothers to Teach Their Children and an Account of the Method (London: S. Sonnenschein; Syracuse, NY: C.W. Bardeen, 1894), by Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, ed. by Ebenezer Cooke, trans. by Lucy E. Holland and Francis C. Turner
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Lecture on the Duties and Relations of Parents, Teachers and Pupils , by Charles Davies (page images at MOA)
Levana: or, The Doctrine of Education (Boston: J. R. Osgood and Co., 1874), by Jean Paul
Levana: or, The Doctrine of Education (with biographical material; London: G. Bell and Sons, 1891), by Jean Paul (multiple formats at archive.org)
Manual of Natural Education (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, c1916), by Winifred Sackville Stoner (multiple formats at archive.org)
The Means and Ends of Universal Education , by Ira Mayhew (page images at MOA)
The Metaphysics of Education (Boston: Mayhew Pub. Co., 1914), by Arthur C. Fleshman (multiple formats at archive.org)
Modern Inquiries: Classical, Professional, and Miscellaneous (Boston: Little, Brown, and Co., 1867), by Jacob Bigelow (page images at HathiTrust)
Natural Education (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, c1914), by Winifred Sackville Stoner, contrib. by M. V. O'Shea (multiple formats at archive.org)
Plain Educational Talks with Teachers and Parents , by Albert N. Raub (page images at MOA)
Popular Education , by Ira Mayhew (page images at MOA)
Practical Education (second American edition, 2 volumes; Providence: J. F. Lippitt; Boston: T. B. Wait and Sons, 1815), by Maria Edgeworth and Richard Lovell Edgeworth
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Practical Education (New York: Harper and Bros., 1835), by Maria Edgeworth and Richard Lovell Edgeworth (multiple formats at archive.org)
Progressive Education, Commencing With the Infant (Boston: W.D. Ticknor, 1835), by Albertine-Adrienne Necker de Saussure, trans. by Emma Willard and Mrs. Lincoln Phelps (multiple formats at archive.org)
Science and Education: Essays , by Thomas Henry Huxley (Gutenberg text)
Science of Education (official Ontario normal school manual; Toronto: Ryerson Press, c1915), by Ontario Department of Education
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The Science of Education, and Art of Teaching (Cincinnati: Moore, Wilstach, Keys and Co., 1859), by John Ogden (page images at MOA)
The Scientific Basis of Education , by John Hecker (page images at MOA)
The Origins and Development of Elementary-School Science (Columbia doctoral dissertation; Chicago et al.: Scott, Foresman and Co., c1941), by Orra Ervin Underhill (page images at HathiTrust; US access only)
Before Books (New York: Adelphi Co., c1926), by Caroline Pratt and Jessie Stanton (page images and uncorrected OCR text at MOA)
The Salvaging of Civilization (London et al.: Cassell and Co., 1921), by H. G. Wells (Gutenberg text)
Chapters on Social Science as Connected with the Administration of State Charities , by George Leib Harrison (page images at MOA)
Colloquies on Religion and Religious Education (London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1849), by John Minter Morgan (multiple formats at archive.org)
The Education of Karl Witte: or, The Training of the Child (New York: T. Y. Crowell Co., 1914), by Karl Heinrich Gottfried Witte, ed. by H. Addington Bruce, trans. by Leo Wiener
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The Enquirer (new edition; Edinburgh: J. Anderson, 1823), by William Godwin (page images at Google)
An Essay on the Evils of Popular Ignorance (revised and expanded edition), by John Foster (Gutenberg text)
Euphranor: A Dialogue on Youth (London: William Pickering, 1851), by Edward FitzGerald (page images at Google)
The Improvement of the Mind; To Which is Added, A Discourse on the Education of Children and Youth (London: Printed for J. Walker and Co., 1814), by Isaac Watts (page images at Google)
Militarism in Education: A Contribution to Educational Reconstruction (London: Swarthmore Press, ca. 1919), by John Langdon-Davies (multiple formats at archive.org)
The Parents' Manual: or, Home and School Training , by Hiram Orcutt (page images at MOA)
Study of Child Life (Chicago: American School of Home Economics, 1911), by Marion Foster Washburne (page images at HathiTrust)
El Tempe Arjentino: ó, El Delta de los Rios Uruguay, Paraná y Plata, Con un Discurso Preliminar del A. Magariños Cervantes, y Seguido de los Consejos de Oro Sobre la Educacion (5th edition, in Spanish; Buenos Aires: Imp. Americana, 1870), by Marcos Sastre, contrib. by Alejandro Magariños Cervantes (page images at HathiTrust)
Household Education (London: E. Moxon, 1849), by Harriet Martineau (multiple formats at archive.org)
Lectures and Essays (London: Macmillan and Co., 1870), by J. R. Seeley (multiple formats at archive.org)
The Mother's Book (Boston: Carter, Hendee, and Babcock, 1831), by Lydia Maria Child (HTML at Celebration of Women Writers)
Religion, Agnosticism, and Education (Chicago: A. C. McClurg and Co., 1902), by John Lancaster Spalding (HTML at Notre Dame)
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text:
BLESSING IN DISGUISE?
Why are Indian politicians strangely—and thankfully—silent about e-commerce?
The growth of malls was accompanied by reams of print dedicated to the perils of consumerism.
Image: Reuters/Parivartan Sharma
Girish Shahane
I returned earlier this week from out of town to find three cartons of online purchases waiting for me. I wish all the items had been grouped together, since they were all Amazon fulfilled, but my satisfaction with the discounts and the merchandise outweighed any guilt about wasted cardboard and man hours.
During the dotcom boom 15 years ago, it felt as if every billboard between the airport and my home was advertising a new website. Something similar is happening now, with every other hoarding and television advertisement pitching an e-commerce venture or app. Despite the visibility of this still-new form of conducting transactions, political conversation about e-commerce is strangely absent in India.
All coverage of the phenomenon is financial analysis.
False debate
Recall that the growth of shopping malls was accompanied by reams of print dedicated to the potential and perils of consumerism. A few years later, the proposed entry of large foreign supermarket chains was pushed as an immediate necessity by one group and the coming of doomsday by another. It will cut out middlemen and assist farmers, said the first group. It will kill off small shopkeepers, insisted the second.
I thought the entire debate misleading. Big retail may take customers away from small shops, but that happens regardless of whether the supermarket chain is local or multinational. The issue was always of large and powerful versus small and vulnerable, and this was falsely mapped onto the idea of Indian versus foreign.
A bill allowing foreign direct investment (FDI) in multi-brand retail was finally passed three years ago, but little has changed as a result. There's no sign of Sainsbury or ALDI establishing an Indian chain, and Carrefour has actually pulled out of the country entirely, having recognised that organised retail isn't particularly profitable in India at the moment.
Big Indian chains like Pantaloons and Shoppers Stop are suffering, and the malls in which many of their stores are housed are in even worse shape. For all the hype accompanying their entry, few Indian malls ever made money. The first in Mumbai, named Crossroads, received plenty of visitors, but not many buyers, and was soon sold to a new owner who proved equally unsuccessful at converting footfalls into revenue. Over 40 malls closed in the two years between 2011 and 2013. Since then, the e-tail business has grown exponentially, further weakening brick-and-mortar establishments. A report published earlier this year found that just 12 of the 100 malls in the Delhi National Capital Region were profitable.
This state of affairs was predictable, though surprisingly few commentators predicted it. Malls have been dying a slow death in the land where they were invented, the US, thanks partly to the internet. There's even a website dedicated to tracking mall closures across that nation. Malls in China, ten times as numerous as India's, are also in retreat before the e-commerce onslaught.
A free ride
Last month, Amazon surpassed the biggest supermarket chain in the world, Walmart, in value, a deeply symbolic event in the continuing global shift to online transactions. So, why have left-wing intellectuals who railed against Walmart during the FDI debate said so little against the entry of Amazon and ebay? It's true that Walmart has a reputation for exploiting workers. That gave the Left something to beat the company with, though the chain's pay scales in the US may not be the best guide to its policies in India, where its employees would doubtless be paid far above minimum wage, as is the case with staff at McDonald's and KFC, two fast-food restaurant chains whose entry into India in the 1990s was greeted with doom-laden rhetoric.
But Amazon treats its American workers every bit as shabbily as Walmart and McDonald's, a fact proven by a Pennsylvania newspaper's account of workers getting sick in Amazon warehouses during a summer heatwave. The company installed air conditioning only as a consequence of the bad publicity. Amazon's white collar workforce appears to be no better off, if a calmly scathing article published last weekend in The New York Times is an accurate guide.
Amazon's free ride may have something to do with its origin as a book seller. The Left's traditional respect for books could have insulated Amazon from the kind of negativity attracted by Nestlé (for aggressively peddling breast milk substitutes to poor African women), Nike (for its sweatshops in East Asia), and other multinationals. Besides, authors criticising Amazon would be morally bound to take their publications off the site, and many may have pragmatically chosen not to shoot themselves in the foot. In any case, the Marxist theory, with a few exceptions, ossified before the world wide web came into existence. I know of no left-wing Indian intellectual who has attempted a critique of e-commerce with any specificity, and so Prakash Karat and his ilk have had no theoretical foundation on which to build an attack. It's been left to a chauvinist party, the Maharashtra Navnirman Sena to launch the first broadside against India's e-commerce revolution by unionising Flipkart's delivery men and striking in demand of better working conditions.
The strike underscores the point I made with respect to FDI in retail, that Indian versus foreign/multinational is an irrelevant and misleading opposition. But misleading statements are inevitable in any argument over policy. Isn't it better to have a debate containing such statements than no debate at all? Or is the absence of substantive discussion a blessing, for it only leads to paralysis? Perhaps we should celebrate e-commerce establishing itself without its loud advertising having to contend with political noises, and revel in this unrepeatable moment when we are being offered the products we covet at a loss to the seller.


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2002: The entire retail operation is rebranded and The Lighting Superstore is born and launched online.


text:
Q: Conflict between includes: stdafx.h and  VisualStudio 2012 C++ (error C2953: class template has already been defined) I've been stuck on this problem for too long, and must ask the almighty Stack. Please forgive the simplicity of the issue!
I am working on the BowlingGame kata in VisualStudio 2012 in order to practice their version of unit tests. I'm in the middle of the refactoring section of Test #2, where I add a vector to my Game class in order to save the number of pins rolled.
When I added the vector include to my header, however, I got a compiler error! In fact, it's my unit test class that is throwing the compiler error (not my source code).
I believe the issue is a conflict between the stdafx.h include in the unit test class and the vector include in the source code header, but I'm not sure. It could also be a managed/native C++ issue? I've had to work through a few of those during this exercise.
Below is the compiler error (abbreviated, as it just goes on and on) and the code for my three files so far. Please let me know what I can do to get past this issue. I am trying to use "best practices" for this exercise, so if you see anything else that looks fishy, please do let me know!
1>------ Build started: Project: BowlingGameUnitTests, Configuration: Debug Win32 ------
1>  BullseyeCoverage Compile C++ 8.7.21 Windows License 7978
1>  Copyright (c) Bullseye Testing Technology 1990-2012
1>CL : Command line warning d9999: changing /clr:safe to -clr
1>  BowlingGameTest.cpp
1>c:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio 11.0/VC/include/xrefwrap(156): warning C4561: '__fastcall' incompatible with the '/clr' option: converting to '__stdcall'
1>c:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio 11.0/VC/include/xrefwrap(156): error C2953: 'std::_Result_of<_Ret(__stdcall &)(void),std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil>' : class template has already been defined
1>          c:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio 11.0/VC/include/xrefwrap(156) : see declaration of 'std::_Result_of<_Ret(__stdcall &)(void),std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil>'
1>c:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio 11.0/VC/include/xrefwrap(156): error C2953: 'std::_Result_of<_Ret(__stdcall *)(void),std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil>' : class template has already been defined
1>          c:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio 11.0/VC/include/xrefwrap(156) : see declaration of 'std::_Result_of<_Ret(__stdcall *)(void),std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil,std::_Nil>'

Game.h:
#pragma once
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

class Game
{
public:
    Game(void);
    ~Game(void);
    void roll( int pins );
    int score();

private:
    int totalScore;
    vector<int> rolls;
    int currentRoll;
};

Game.cpp:
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "Game.h"

Game::Game(void)
{
    totalScore = 0;
    currentRoll = 0;
}

Game::~Game( void )
{
}

void Game::roll( int pins )
{
    totalScore += pins;
    rolls.push_back(pins);
}

int Game::score()
{
    return totalScore;
}

BowlingGameTest.cpp:
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "../BowlingGame/Game.h"

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Text;
using namespace System::Collections::Generic;
using namespace Microsoft::VisualStudio::TestTools::UnitTesting;

namespace BowlingGameUnitTests
{
    [TestClass]
    public ref class BowlingGameTest
    {
    private:
        Game* game;

    public:
        [TestInitialize()]
        void MyTestInitialize()
        {
            game = new Game();
        }

        void rollMany( int frames, int pins )
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < frames; i++)
            {
                game->roll(pins);
            }
        }

        [TestMethod]
        void gutterGame()
        {
            rollMany(20, 0);
            Assert::AreEqual<int>(0, game->score());
        }

        [TestMethod]
        void testAllOnes()
        {
            rollMany(20, 1);
            Assert::AreEqual<int>(20, game->score());
        }
    };
}

A: Thanks to pstrjds!
Answer part 1: Change std::vector to cliext vector, as my unit test project is a C++/CLI project.
Answer part 2: Reconfigure the Solution. Currently, it's native source and managed unit tests, but that causes lots of niggly issues. Will change to native source and native unit tests.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Our Biggest Experiment: An Epic History of the Climate Crisis is a book by British writer Alice Bell, published by Counterpoint in September 2021. Reviewed in Foreign Policy, BuzzFeed News, New Statesman, and Undark Magazine, the book unrolls the history of human concern for weather derangement and climate change along the latest centuries to its present  scientific systematization and public prominence.

References

Climate change books
2021 non-fiction books
Counterpoint (publisher) books

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
5G and Industrial Automation: Practical Use Cases
Is 5G Enough to Boost the Metaverse?
Building a Private 5G Network for Your Business
5G and AI: Ushering in New Tech Innovation
The Role of 5G in the Sustainability Fight
Tracking Employees: The Technology Is the Easy Part
By Carl Weinschenk
How to Effectively Address Privacy Concerns
Technology that helps us can also hurt us. A great example of this is the growing ability to track employees, both in the office and outside.
On the positive side is the ability to use the data from minutely tracking employees to improve work processes, cut down on waste and drive efficiency. In extreme cases, it can find workers who drop into taverns during work and help locate anyone who has suffered medical emergencies.
On the other side of the ledger is the very real threat to civil liberties. Does an employer have a right to know where a worker eats lunch? What doctor he or she goes to? If he or she is dropping by a competitor's office for a job interview? Even if the parameters of the employer's right to know are answered in a legal sense, what is the impact on morale and productivity if employees feel that big brother is watching?
The benefits of employee tracking were discussed at GigaOm's Structured Conference this week in San Francisco. As is often the case, health care is the best place to explore issues related to new technology. Ashley Simmons, the director of performance improvement at Florida Hospital Celebration Health, described the benefits of monitoring. She suggested that something as simple as finding out where staff spends its off-time can have a positive impact.
The story raises an interesting point, perhaps inadvertently. On one hand, it implies that oversight will be as granular as checking to make sure staffers washed their hands. On the other, Simmons explains that the key to buy-in by those staffers was enfranchising them:
One of the biggest things was just bringing employees into the discussion from the beginning and asking how the data that location sensors would collect could help them do their jobs. As the program matured and expanded, nurses and doctors are kept in the loop to ensure everything is still working.
This may be true. However, it is difficult to envision a scenario in which employees had to fear being called out for not washing their hands. Of course, the tracking is meant with good intention. But it is almost certain that fears of overreach won't be calmed simply by including some staffers in the process.
There are legal issues as well. Tracy Moon, Jr., an attorney in the Atlanta office of Fisher & Phillips LLP, lays out the landscape: A company has some legitimate reasons to track workers. However, the company may be subject to a lawsuit if it receives information not related to employment, such as where the employee worships.
For organizations considering an employee tracking policy, the answer is to be careful. A good first step is to set up strong policies. These must clearly define the organization's reasons for tracking workers. The employee should be made responsible for turning the tracking devices on and off. A written acknowledgment should be obtained stating that the employee understands the policy and consents to the tracking.
There are shades of gray to this concept, as well. RFID Journal describes systems using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology that can be activated only when needed and that are not viable over more than a short distance. These can be used to determine who is in the building and who isn't during an emergency. Placing RFIDs on vehicles can track comings and goings as well, especially for employees who must make pickups and deliveries.
Through all of the challenges, though, the technology is the simplest part of the employee tracking equation. Time will tell whether the concept takes off in popularity or if the legal issues are solved.
Carl Weinschenk covers telecom for IT Business Edge. He writes about wireless technology, disaster recovery/business continuity, cellular services, the Internet of Things, machine-to-machine communications and other emerging technologies and platforms. He also covers net neutrality and related regulatory issues. Weinschenk has written about the phone companies, cable operators and related companies for decades and is senior editor of Broadband Technology Report. He can be reached at [email protected] and via twitter at @DailyMusicBrk.
IT Industry Shellshocked in Q3: How to Plan for What's Next
Third-Quarter IT Reality Check – Budgets, Hiring, Trends
Carl Weinschenk
Carl Weinschenk Carl Weinschenk Carl Weinschenk is a long-time IT and telecom journalist. His coverage areas include the IoT, artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence, drones, 3D printing LTE and 5G, SDN, NFV, net neutrality, municipal broadband, unified communications and business continuity/disaster recovery. Weinschenk has written about wireless and phone companies, cable operators and their vendor ecosystems. He also has written about alternative energy and runs a website, The Daily Music Break, as a hobby.
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text:
Book Review|New Memoirs Show How the Other Half Lives
New Memoirs Show How the Other Half Lives
CreditCreditLoren Capelli
By Meghan Daum
It might be said that the presidential candidacy of Donald Trump has something in common with Hurricane Katrina. In exposing how a major American city can share traits with the developing world, the storm broke apart one of America's prevailing ideas about itself: the myth that for all our inequities and intractable social blights, this is still fundamentally a land of equal opportunity. Trump, through sheer dint of his own bluster, has conducted his own version of this exposé. By forcing blue-state liberal types to reckon with a demographic they had long dismissed as a punch line — low-income, uneducated whites in economically depleted regions — he awakened them to the fact that the groovy progressive social values they had assumed were a national fait accompli were actually only half the story.
J.D. Vance, a son of Appalachian poverty who eventually graduated from Yale Law School and now works in Silicon Valley, has found himself lately in the position of both telling that story and translating its political nuances into terms easily understood by coastal elites more accustomed to caricatures. His best-selling HILLBILLY ELEGY: A Memoir of a Family and Culture in Crisis (Harper/HarperCollins, $27.99) is an affectionate yet unflinching look at growing up in social and domestic chaos in southwestern Ohio.
Since his people originally come from Kentucky coal country, Vance claims the right to call himself a hillbilly. He does so with pride, but his family dysfunction is baroque, to say the least. His drug-addicted mother nearly kills him, yet he refuses to testify against her in court in order to spare her jail time. His grandmother, who's the most stable force in his life, is famous for having poured gasoline on his grandfather and dropping a lighted match on his chest. (Their 11-year-old put the fire out, and the grandfather survived with just mild burns.)
Vance escapes by way of the Marines, then Ohio State University, then Yale Law School, where he discovers a provincialism opposite but nearly equal to the kind he grew up with. Many of his classmates have never spent time with a veteran of a recent war. One professor, apparently unaware that public universities are a lifeline for smart, working-class kids, suggests that the law school "shouldn't accept applicants from non-prestigious state schools."
Too often, America's longstanding discomfort with talking candidly about social class can make memoirs about hardscrabble upbringings sound like public service announcements. But if Vance is an adroit enough storyteller, he's a fiercely astute social critic of the sort we desperately need right now. Instead of cleaving his narrative to a political or ideological agenda, he wrestles honestly with the messy contradictions inherent to any conversation about race or class. For all his affection and empathy for his hillbilly brethren, he's not afraid to show the ways opportunities can be squandered not just by addiction or systemic failure but also out of laziness or stubbornness.
"Our homes are a chaotic mess," he writes. "We scream and yell at each other like we're spectators at a football game. . . . A bad day is when the neighbors call the police to stop the drama. Our kids go to foster care but never stay for long. We apologize to our kids. The kids believe we're really sorry, and we are. But then we act just as mean a few days later."
A similar frankness animates Josephine Ensign's CATCHING HOMELESSNESS: A Nurse's Story of Falling Through the Safety Net (She Writes Press, paper, $16.95). Ensign, who now teaches at the University of Washington, traces several years in the late 1980s when she headed up a bare-bones medical clinic for the homeless in Richmond, Va. At 25, she has studied at Oberlin and Harvard but is still beholden to the legacy of her Bible Belt family, which is "riddled with Christian zealots, ministers and missionaries" and has put her in a "sort-of-arranged marriage" to an aspiring preacher. As she cares for patients with AIDS, tuberculosis, scabies and maggot-filled wounds, Ensign has a child and lives with growing reluctance "within the clearly defined roles of Southern Christian white women: a sort of nurse-missionary to those suffering from inner-city poverty and homelessness, a dutiful daughter, a wife and a mother."
Though Ensign manages to avoid catching a communicable disease from her patients and even survives a needle stick that forces her to stop nursing her son until the patient could test negative for hepatitis and H.I.V., she finds she's vulnerable to some of the same forces that ravage the lives of her patient population. Over the next several years, her marriage falls apart, she loses (or gives up; it's not entirely clear) custody of her toddler, is forced out of the clinic for thwarting Christian values and winds up effectively homeless.
How and why exactly all this transpires is hard to say, mostly because Ensign never really says. As if under a gag order, she skates over the details of her divorce and parenting arrangement and takes the reader headlong into a phase where she is, by turns, suicidal, addicted to exercise and sexually promiscuous.
If "Catching Homelessness" doesn't quite work as a memoir, it succeeds rather heroically on the level of document. Ensign takes us back to a time when state-run psychiatric facilities had only recently attempted to integrate patients back into the community and "street people" were a relative novelty in some cities. Moreover, she looks head on at the particularities of homelessness in the South, the complexities of the racial divide and the fraught legacy of whites as savior figures. Writing about attending the funeral of a patient so estranged from his relatives that he had made her his next of kin, she recalls seeing his family for the first time: "He had never mentioned them, never asked for them in his final days. He died alone. They were black, I was white and we were in the capital of the Confederacy, where it's not easy to be color-blind."
Some 400 miles to the southwest and some four decades earlier, Wilma Dykeman, then in her 20s, was writing her own story of grace and moral gravity in Appalachia. Though she would go on to publish 18 books, many dealing with issues around civil rights and environmental activism, Dykeman's memoir, FAMILY OF EARTH: A Southern Mountain Childhood (University of North Carolina, paper, $18), wasn't discovered until her death in 2006. In print for the first time, it's a haunting and exquisite book, not to mention a rare exception to the rule that no one so young should write a memoir. Even without much life experience, Dykeman has a great deal to say about life.
"Family of Earth" is ultimately a tribute to the author's father, who was 60 when she was born and died when she was 14. Cleverly organizing her book into 14 chapters, each accounting for a year of her life with her father, Dykeman somehow manages to make even her infancy and toddlerhood worthy of reflection. "But what takes place in that first year?" she writes. "When does the fresh papyrus of memory begin to record the cuneiform symbols of what was said, or who dropped the white china plate and broke it to bits, or when the sun shone or the snow fell?" Later, with less romanticism if equal virtuosity, she describes the cruel cycle of afflictions endemic to poorer neighbors: "I can remember being repulsed and being held by the gaunt unhealthiness of their faces. . . . Nothing came beautiful and free alone; there was some element of worry, of sickness, death, or ruined crops, in every season and every day."
Vance and Ensign might see their figurative if not literal ancestors in this description, and election-saturated readers may see the roots of Trumpism in those ruined crops and worried faces. But to read "Family of Earth" is to fall into the embrace of a Southern landscape that, in the hands of this author, is as cerebral as it is sensual, that gives us not just the bad news about the state of our union but grants a special wisdom to those willing to look beyond regionalism and actually understand something about a region. It shouldn't take a storm — or a turbulent political season — to confer such lessons.
Meghan Daum's most recent book is "The Unspeakable: And Other Subjects of Discussion."
A version of this article appears in print on , Page 31 of the Sunday Book Review with the headline: Memoir. Order Reprints | Today's Paper | Subscribe
Review: In 'Hillbilly Elegy,' a Tough Love Analysis of the Poor Who Back Trump


text:
Události
 počátek roku – velitel jízdy v Miláně Aureolus přechází na stranu galského vzdorocísaře Postuma
 jaro/léto – císař Gallienus přerušuje válku s Góty a vpadá do Itálie
 srpen/ září – Aureolus se prohlašuje za císaře
 září – spiknutí důstojníků proti Gallienovi před Milánem
 září/říjen – Claudius II. novým římským císařem, Aureolovo zavraždění
 synoda v Antiochii odsuzuje adopcionismus Pavla ze Samosaty

Úmrtí
 září – císař Gallienus
 konec září (?) – Aureolus
 26. prosince – papež Dionysius

Hlavy států
 Papež – Dionýsius (259–268)
 Římská říše – Gallienus (253–268) » Claudius II. (268–270)
 Perská říše – Šápúr I. (240/241–271/272)
 Kušánská říše – Kaniška III. (267–270)
 Arménie – Artavazd VI. (252–283)
Indie:
 Guptovská říše – Maharádža Šrí Gupta (240–280)
 Západní kšatrapové – Rudrasen II (256–278)

Externí odkazy

3. století


OLIVIER GIROUD'S 11th goal of the season fired Arsenal back to the top of the Premier League table after a scrappy win over Newcastle at St James' Park.
The Frenchman struck with a 65th-minute header to seal a tight encounter, but was grateful that a glaring miss four minutes later did not prove too costly when goalkeeper Wojciech Szczesny blasted a clearance straight at Loic Remy and saw the ball roll just wide of the post.
Newcastle might have gone ahead in at the break had Szczesny not tipped over Moussa Sissoko's blistering striker or had Mathieu Debuchy's header not come back off the crossbar.
However, they were unable to sustain the pressure as they slipped to just a second defeat in 10 league outings in front of a crowd of 52,161.
The Newcastle manager, just as he had done against Chelsea in November, set out to frustrate the Gunners with a five-man midfield, but saw his side concede space and possession in the early stages as they found themselves pinned back.
However, for all they created half-chances, keeper Tim Krul did not have a save of note to make with Tomas Rosicky shooting straight at him from 20 yards with 27 minutes gone.
Santi Cazorla extended the Holland international three minutes later with a deflected effort which dipped nastily in front of him, but Giroud curled harmlessly wide 12 minutes before the break with Mike Williamson and Fabricio Coloccini limiting the Gunners to long-range efforts.
The Magpies had a chance to take a 12th-minute lead when Arsenal target Yohan Cabaye floated the ball over the top into Debuchy's run, but the defender could not control with just Szczesny to beat.
The Frenchman shot wide from a similar position 13 minutes later after again getting in round the back to collect Cabaye's deep free-kick, but he was to go significantly closer as the whistle approached.
There was barely a minute of stoppage time remaining when Vurnon Anita surged forward and picked out Cabaye, whose long-range strike was blocked by Laurent Koscielny, only for Sissoko to latch on to the rebound and force Szczesny to tip over a piledriver.
The visitors were seeing plenty of the ball, but once again were able to do little with it with Mathieu Flamini's speculative 57th-minute effort, which sailed high and wide, as close as they came to troubling Krul as the game approached the hour-mark.
Pardew made his move with 28 minutes remaining when he sent on Ben Arfa for the tiring Yoan Gouffran and charged him with the task of running at Arsenal.
But it was the visitors who went ahead three minutes later when Walcott floated a free-kick into the box and Giroud got ahead of Williamson to glance it past Krul.
He should have doubled his tally within four minutes when, after Walcott saw his initial effort blocked by Krul and his follow-up headed off the line by Debuchy, the ball fell to him with the goal at his mercy, but he could not hit the target.
Newcastle's pushed for a late equaliser and came close when Szczesny hammered the ball at Remy and looked on helplessly as it ran just wide.


text:
Hedge Funds Have Never Been This Bullish On Carlisle Companies, Inc. (CSL)
Abigail Fisher
Insider Monkey December 3, 2019
We are still in an overall bull market and many stocks that smart money investors were piling into surged through the end of November. Among them, Facebook and Microsoft ranked among the top 3 picks and these stocks gained 54% and 51% respectively. Hedge funds' top 3 stock picks returned 41.7% this year and beat the S&P 500 ETFs by 14 percentage points. Investing in index funds guarantees you average returns, not superior returns. We are looking to generate superior returns for our readers. That's why we believe it isn't a waste of time to check out hedge fund sentiment before you invest in a stock like Carlisle Companies, Inc. (NYSE:CSL).
Carlisle Companies, Inc. (NYSE:CSL) was in 30 hedge funds' portfolios at the end of the third quarter of 2019. CSL shareholders have witnessed an increase in support from the world's most elite money managers of late. There were 25 hedge funds in our database with CSL holdings at the end of the previous quarter. Our calculations also showed that CSL isn't among the 30 most popular stocks among hedge funds (click for Q3 rankings and see the video below for Q2 rankings). Video: Click the image to watch our video about the top 5 most popular hedge fund stocks.
5 Most Popular Stocks Among Hedge Funds
Hedge funds' reputation as shrewd investors has been tarnished in the last decade as their hedged returns couldn't keep up with the unhedged returns of the market indices. Our research has shown that hedge funds' large-cap stock picks indeed failed to beat the market between 1999 and 2016. However, we were able to identify in advance a select group of hedge fund holdings that outperformed the Russell 2000 ETFs by 40 percentage points since May 2014 (see the details here). We were also able to identify in advance a select group of hedge fund holdings that'll significantly underperform the market. We have been tracking and sharing the list of these stocks since February 2017 and they lost 27.8% through November 21, 2019. That's why we believe hedge fund sentiment is an extremely useful indicator that investors should pay attention to.
[caption id="attachment_673876" align="aligncenter" width="473"] John Overdeck of Two Sigma Advisors[/caption]
John Overdeck of Two Sigma
Unlike the largest US hedge funds that are convinced Dow will soar past 40,000 or the world's most bearish hedge fund that's more convinced than ever that a crash is coming, our long-short investment strategy doesn't rely on bull or bear markets to deliver double digit returns. We only rely on the best performing hedge funds' buy/sell signals. Let's take a look at the recent hedge fund action regarding Carlisle Companies, Inc. (NYSE:CSL).
What does smart money think about Carlisle Companies, Inc. (NYSE:CSL)?
Heading into the fourth quarter of 2019, a total of 30 of the hedge funds tracked by Insider Monkey were bullish on this stock, a change of 20% from the previous quarter. Below, you can check out the change in hedge fund sentiment towards CSL over the last 17 quarters. So, let's find out which hedge funds were among the top holders of the stock and which hedge funds were making big moves.
CSL_dec2019
According to Insider Monkey's hedge fund database, Alyeska Investment Group, managed by Anand Parekh, holds the largest position in Carlisle Companies, Inc. (NYSE:CSL). Alyeska Investment Group has a $47.5 million position in the stock, comprising 0.7% of its 13F portfolio. The second largest stake is held by Two Sigma Advisors, managed by John Overdeck and David Siegel, which holds a $46.4 million position; the fund has 0.1% of its 13F portfolio invested in the stock. Remaining peers that hold long positions contain Dmitry Balyasny's Balyasny Asset Management, Israel Englander's Millennium Management and Richard S. Pzena's Pzena Investment Management. In terms of the portfolio weights assigned to each position Lodge Hill Capital allocated the biggest weight to Carlisle Companies, Inc. (NYSE:CSL), around 11.54% of its portfolio. Shellback Capital is also relatively very bullish on the stock, setting aside 2.78 percent of its 13F equity portfolio to CSL.
As aggregate interest increased, some big names were breaking ground themselves. Alyeska Investment Group, managed by Anand Parekh, established the largest position in Carlisle Companies, Inc. (NYSE:CSL). Alyeska Investment Group had $47.5 million invested in the company at the end of the quarter. Donald Sussman's Paloma Partners also made a $5 million investment in the stock during the quarter. The other funds with new positions in the stock are Paul Marshall and Ian Wace's Marshall Wace, Paul Tudor Jones's Tudor Investment Corp, and Peter Algert and Kevin Coldiron's Algert Coldiron Investors.
Let's go over hedge fund activity in other stocks similar to Carlisle Companies, Inc. (NYSE:CSL). We will take a look at Lamar Advertising Company (REIT) (NASDAQ:LAMR), Tradeweb Markets Inc. (NASDAQ:TW), Gaming and Leisure Properties Inc (NASDAQ:GLPI), and National Oilwell Varco, Inc. (NYSE:NOV). All of these stocks' market caps are similar to CSL's market cap.
[table] Ticker, No of HFs with positions, Total Value of HF Positions (x1000), Change in HF Position LAMR,28,238134,4 TW,37,400592,0 GLPI,31,773259,4 NOV,23,894471,1 Average,29.75,576614,2.25 [/table]
View table here if you experience formatting issues.
As you can see these stocks had an average of 29.75 hedge funds with bullish positions and the average amount invested in these stocks was $577 million. That figure was $455 million in CSL's case. Tradeweb Markets Inc. (NASDAQ:TW) is the most popular stock in this table. On the other hand National Oilwell Varco, Inc. (NYSE:NOV) is the least popular one with only 23 bullish hedge fund positions. Carlisle Companies, Inc. (NYSE:CSL) is not the most popular stock in this group but hedge fund interest is still above average. Our calculations showed that top 20 most popular stocks among hedge funds returned 37.4% in 2019 through the end of November and outperformed the S&P 500 ETF (SPY) by 9.9 percentage points. Hedge funds were also right about betting on CSL, though not to the same extent, as the stock returned 7.5% during the first two months of the fourth quarter and outperformed the market as well.
Disclosure: None. This article was originally published at Insider Monkey.
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Cecelia Hall é uma sonoplasta estadunidense. Venceu o Oscar de melhor edição de som na edição de 1991 por The Hunt for Red October, ao lado de George Watters II.

Ligações externas

Premiados com o Óscar de melhor montagem de som


If you have read 20 000+ math contest problems and solutions and enjoyed it, this post is also for you. Although I have included Mu Alpha Theta in that list, I have never actually counted (or approximated) the number of questions. This means that the title of that post should have been 30 000 contest problems. Yes, Mu Alpha Theta is one of the richest math problem sources on the net.
Mu Alpha Theta is the US National High School and Two-Year College Mathematics Honor Society. It has more than 88,000 student members in more than 1,800 schools. The Mu Alpha Theta competition is held every year and the website has released competition questions for the past 17 years.
The Mu Alpha Theta website contains more than 10,000 math questions from its past tests including solutions and answers. The tests includes questions on Algebra, Geometry, Calculus, Matrices, Number Theory and other fields of mathematics collected from 1995 to 2011. If you want to test your mathematical skills, it looks like you'll have enough problems to solve for the next couple of years.


Two Sides is way more than a usual Multiple. It has the following functions: • 1 to 5 Buffered Multiple • Individual Attennutaion for each side. Uni- or Bipolar selectable for each side via Jumper. • 2-Channel Mixer • Signal On/OFF Switch • Fade two Sources (CV or Audio) • Swap Destinations • Ringmodulate them or • Control the Amplitute of Input B with a CV Signal in Input A (VCA) You may also use any combination of the above mentioned functions. The two LEDs indicate the current signal of each side. Even the Logo is illuminated according to the processed signals. It was designed to be used for CV signals, but can also handle audio signals with ease. If you are looking for a primary VCA it is suggested to choose another module as this VCA circuitry is a very simple JFET arrangement.


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Dean Close School > News & Events > News > New Headmaster, Paddy Moss
New Headmaster, Paddy Moss
Prep School News, News
11th September 15
Thereis always a great deal of excitement at the beginning of anew academic year, even more so this year, as we welcomelots of new faces including our new Headmaster, Mr Paddy Moss and his family.Paddy joins us from Kenyawhere he hasspent the last nine years as Headmaster of a premier, British-curriculum, preparatory boarding school. A Canadian by birth but brought up in the west of England, Paddy studied Geography and Economics (SOAS, London University) before embarking on a career as a teacher in several boarding and day Prep Schools, both in the UK and abroad.
Paddy has had very busy week, meeting new and existing pupils, parents and staff. In the first assembly of the academic year he spoke to all the children about the importance of working hard, both in the classroom and in all their extracurricular activities. He asked them to take pride in themselves, their school and to be happy in all that they do. He also invited the Senior Choristers for "snacks and a chat" in his office and has enjoyed several wonderful services at the Senior School Chapel.
With the Prep School now at full capacity, Paddy's immediate priority is getting to know each and every one of his 295 pupils and of course continuing to provide a great all-round education, supported by the first class pastoral care Dean Close Preparatory School is renowned for.
Paddy's wife, Julie will be teaching Mathematics and his daughter's join years 6, 8 and his eldest daughter Bella, joins the Senior School.


Bring on the fancy European cars! As I am sure I've mentioned before, Puff is super into cars. He can barely keep his ADD in check when we're out for a drive if something cool drives past. So we were definitely anxious to take Bimmer to well, the place where her nickname came from... the BMW factory.
The show was better this year than last and the weather was so perfect. I was actually a bit sad, since I had picked out a cute sweater for her to wear, but she didn't need it. Although the highlight of the day for Bimmer was grass.
Yup. She's a simple girl.
It was the first time she had ever sat in grass, so she was loving the novelty. Most of my photos are of the top of her head!
And of course, we had to try eating it.


This past week there was a meeting to reveal the recommended option, and the web site was updated. The section under consideration is in North Austin from Loop 1 (Mopac Blvd) to SH 45. North of SH45 the highway is tolled.
The existing facility was built mostly in the 1990s with the last section opening around 2003. It is generally 3 lanes in each direction, but the north part has four lanes each way. I lived in Austin 1997-2003 and I remember checking out the progress as it was built.
The existing facility has a median around 30 feet wide. I always viewed it as being wide enough for two new lanes.
Virtually every TxDOT study in Texas recommends tolled managed lanes, so this is no surprise. The best you can hope for is the inclusion of one new free lane in each direction, and that did not happen on this project.
The proposed configuration is 3-2T-2T-3 south of McNeil (about the south 60% of the project) and 4-2T-2T-4 north of McNeil.
The depictions suggest the toll lanes will be separated by pylons rather than barriers. It isn't clear to me if there will be shoulders. It also isn't clear to me if the existing pavement will be widened in the space between the main lanes and frontage roads.
I'm thinking that they may be planning to do this on the cheap by filling in the center median with concrete, narrowing the lanes and squeezing in all the new lanes without shoulders.
On the plus side, the schematics show two new connection ramps at the SH 45 interchange, NB 183 to WB 45 and EB 45 to SH 183.
Overall, this is nothing to get excited about, but it probably the best that can be hoped for. TxDOT generally thinks small for Austin because the political climate tends to be anti-freeway.
Some good news on this project. The official web site is reporting that the recommendation will be to add a non-tolled fourth lane in each direction on the section which is currently three lanes in each direction. For the section under study, from MoPac (Loop 1) to SH 45, the north half of the existing facility has four lanes each way and the south half has three lanes each way. The original recommendation from last year was to add two tolled lanes in each direction. However, I don't know if that will fit with the addition of the non-tolled lane. The March 5 meeting should reveal how it will be done.
".. the project proposes upgrading the existing US 183 North by extending the fourth non-tolled general purpose lane through areas where only three exist now. This enhancement is designed to address bottlenecks in the corridor and provide a total of four non-tolled general purpose lanes in each direction continuously between MoPac and SH 45 North."
The toll lanes which are planned for this project are now under review because the available funding (propositions 1 and 7) is prohibited from being used on toll roads.
My preference is to see the non-toll improvements including the fourth lane each way move forward in the near future, and wait for funding to build the currently-planned toll lanes as free express or HOV lanes.
The U.S. 183 North toll project, which aims to add two toll lanes to each side of the highway north of MoPac Boulevard, has been thrown into flux and potentially delayed — part of the collateral damage from growing anti-toll sentiment among the state's leaders.
Officials said some alternatives are being examined, such as building the 8-mile expansion project with no tolls, adding only segments of free lanes or perhaps creating high-occupancy-vehicle lanes.
These talks come just weeks before authorities had planned to start lining up a contractor to do the final design and construction.
Texas Department of Transportation officials Thursday downplayed the evolving situation with the project, which comes at the end of five years of planning and a $7.5 million environmental study completed in April 2016 that concluded toll lanes were the best option. In March, the Texas Transportation Commission, which governs TxDOT, voted to include $120 million for the project in the agency's 10-year plan.
* According to the DEIS, design standards will be compromised with no interior shoulders (not on main lanes or toll lanes), narrow buffer, and 11-ft-wide lanes.
I suppose that desperate times call for desperate measures, but I become very annoyed by the frequent compromising of standards for TxDOT projects, such as I-35E in North Texas, US 290 in Houston and this project.
The Texas Transportation Commission Thursday approved a deal with the Central Texas Regional Mobility to build the 9-mile, $500 million project between MoPac Boulevard and Texas 45 North. Under the deal, TxDOT would oversee the work, awarding a "design-build" contract next fallto build two toll lanes in each direction and, in several places, add a fourth free lane to either the southbound or northbound side of U.S. 183.
The toll lanes would be in the highway's broad center median, currently walled off by concrete barriers from the existing lanes. The project would include adding toll flyover bridges at the south end from MoPac's newly opened toll lanes to the U.S. 183 toll lanes to come.
The project no longer includes one element: flyover bridges at the north end connecting U.S. 183 to RM 620 to the west. That lowered what had been a $650 million cost estimate to the $500 million now contemplated.
The project seemed to be in trouble this summer because of concerns over mixing TxDOT tax dollars with borrowed money from the mobility authority, particularly because of Texas Constitutional amendments passed in 2014 and 2015 that stipulate that some of TxDOT's funds cannot be spent on toll projects. But TxDOT and the mobility authority worked out an unusual arrangement for the deal, one that passed muster with the commission.
TxDOT will provide $120 million, money that in theory will construct the added free lanes, along with bicycle and pedestrian improvements along the frontage roads. There would an added southbound lane between Lake Creek Parkway and near Texas 45 North, and from north of McNeil Road to Loop 1. Northbound, a lane would be added between Braker Lane and Spicewood Springs Road.
The mobility authority would kick in $380 million in borrowed money. About $240 million would come from a bond sale, authority executive director Mike Heiligenstein said. And the agency hopes to get another $140 million from a U.S. Department of Transportation loan program, one that the agency has borrowed from on previous toll projects.
If the timetable holds up, construction likely would begin in early 2019.
Inner (left) shoulders seem to be a North American thing. Inner shoulders are pretty rare outside of the U.S., it is usually limited to a 3-5 ft recovery strip, if there even is one. I think it's better to have that much-needed additional capacity than a left shoulder at all times.
So this is about adding some toll lanes in the open median on 183 from Mopac to 45. The present three free lanes each way will stay, and traffic will still stink. Will the toll lanes be two lanes or one in each direction?
So a frontage road, 4 lanes and 2 tolled express lanes each way.
Lowering of standards? El Paso County in the last twenty years. It is clearly apparent.
On Thursday the TxDOT commission approved a resolution which authorizes the Central Texas Regional Mobility Authority (which is the toll road agency) to build the four tolled lanes on SH 183.
TxDOT is avoiding the use of any Proposition 1 or Proposition 7 funds (which can't be used on toll projects) by using an accounting gimmick in which all the public funds used on the project are federal funds.
This is slated to be a design-build project, and like other TxDOT design-build projects, it will take a long time to more forward. The lengthy project implementation is surprising because toll agencies usually get projects done quickly so they can get the toll revenue flowing.
There is space in the median for this, and I am glad they are adding a free fourth lane in each direction. A shame they can't the same for I-35 which needs a couple of extra lanes up to Round Rock.
I remember when 183 was a Boulevard and one could get from the Cedar Park to I-35 in 20 minutes because all of the lights were timed. The 183 reconstruction project in the 90s were one of those rare cases of Tx Dot getting ahead of the traffic problem. Could you imagine 183 as a three lane boulevard today?
Spring 2024? It's a shame they can't get it (and other road expansion projects in the Austin area) done faster. The metro Austin area, including the zone between Austin and San Antonio, is among the fastest growing areas in the nation. Chances are good Austin's city limits population may pass the 1 million mark in time for the 2020 census.


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Патронаж (от  «покровительство, поддержка») может относиться к:

 Патронаж (право) — в юридической практике России и других стран бывшего СССР (Казахстан, Азербайджан) — особый вид опеки и попечительства.
 Патронаж (сельское хозяйство) — коммерческая опека над плодоносящим многолетним растением или над скотным животным.
 Патронаж (медицина) — проведение медицинскими работниками профилактических и санитарно-просветительных мероприятий на дому.
 Политический патронаж — практика предоставления различных выгод сторонникам политической партии.
 Ассоциация Патронаж — всероссийское объединение патронажных служб, пансионатов и магазинов патронажной направленности.
 Патронажная служба — это организация, предоставляющая социальные услуги по присмотру за престарелым, больным или немощным человеком, оказывает комплексную помощь в решении бытовых вопросов.
Патронаж от доулы - это помощь женщине после родов: забота о восстановлении мамы. Может включать массаж живота, всего тела, подвязывание, приготовление пищи, уход за малышом, организацию грудного вскармливания. Цель такого патронажа - научить маму обращаться с ребенком, самостоятельному восстановлению и поддержать ее на пути материнства.

Примечания

См. также
 Патронат (Древний Рим) — покровительство знатного гражданина над зависимыми от него вольноотпущенниками и клиентами.
 Патронат — возмездная опека над несовершеннолетним.


This time around for RIDE-Arc the first Friday of the month falls on the first day of the month… coincidence? I think not! Anyway, just a heads-up that tomorrow night's edition of the monthly ride promises a grand tour of the vastness and rich socio-cultural flatness of the San Fernando Valley, but more intriguingly will feature a revisit to the key Kafka-esque komponent of RIDE-Arc's notorious and unforgettable November "Stormwatch" ride. I will say no more than it was like totally and titularly tubular then, and it'll be even moreso again.
The ride will gather at 9 p.m. at the North Hollywood Red Line station, departing at 9:30 on a mostly level route that is slated for 25 miles. If you're on this side of the hill and interested you're welcome to join certain representatives from your humble and magnanious IAAL'Ä¢MAF who will be reconnoitering at Scoops Ice Cream on Heliotrope north of Melrose at 8 p.m. for some pre-ride treats before hopping the subway north from the Santa Monica/Vermont station.
My new bag arrived so my jacket transport problems are a thing of the past!


Apple will be moving a part of its iPhone production to India. As it has apparently become tradition nowadays (I'm looking at you, Donald), the news was made public on Twitter by Priyank Kharge, the Minister of IT of India state Karnataka.
E-commerce giant Amazon has been displaying a massive growth in employees in the last years and it isn't showing any signs of stopping. Right now, the company has over 341,000 employees – that number was 30 percent lower last year. Five years ago, there were only 32,000 people working at Amazon.
Alphabet, Google's relatively new parent company (found in July 2015), just posted its fourth quarter earnings. And while the revenue beat analysts' expectations, profit per share missed them. But there is a silver lining for Google here – it's adding employees, making more money off diverse new fields and showing a great growth.
Does Amazon have an India Problem?
According to CNN, Amazon is having troubles understanding the culture in India and is making misstep after misstep, despite investing billions into the country. Government officials have voiced their annoyance in public. So what did Amazon do?
Wackiest patent of the week: Apple iVape?
Welcome to 2017, the year in which a patent application by Apple got published and the true intention of the company was finally revealed – the iVape. No, seriously. A patent that Apple published last year has now been revealed and it is for a vaporizer.
Remember the Dash Button? Originally revealed in April 2014, everyone thought it was an April joke at first. But it wasn't – the button which allows you to press it and automatically orders a product via Amazon is a real thing. And now it's coming to the online world too.
One of the most-discussed acquisitions in tech is apparently still happening. As a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission revealed last week, Yahoo will be purchased by Verizon. However, a part of the once proud internet giant will stay behind with the name Altaba.
Last week on Friday, the Guardian published a report on a "backdoor" in WhatsApp that could allow for messages to be intercepted. Now security researchers and the company itself have explained that this is a known vulnerability and not an intended backdoor for Facebook or the government.
The Taiwanese smartphone manufacturer HTC has been having troubles for a while. At the start of 2016, the company announced a drop in sales, equal to roughly one third compared to 2015. This year, the losses appear pretty much the same, with a 35 percent loss compared to the already weak 2016.
Really, ten years? Yes, almost exactly – on January 9, 2007, Steve Jobs showed the world a product that would change the world and how we communicate. On that day, the world saw the iPhone for the first time.
Which smartphone apps had the most users in the past year? Nielsen just published the data from 2016, showing how many unique users the most popular apps had. Think you have the answer? A lot of your hunches are probably right, but a few might of the top spots surprise you.
Alexa – Did your owner murder someone?
In a case that raises some alarming questions about the Internet of Things, a police department in Arkansas has issued a warrant for the recordings from an Amazon Echo. The device, powered by Amazon's assistant, Alexa, might hold information vital to solving a murder case. But could a precedent so simple open the flood gates towards everyone being spied on?
Well that's a surprise - Apparently Bitcoin hasn't been dead these past couple of years. Instead, the online currency has slowly been rebuilding itself. And it has been doing a good job of it. At the time of writing this article, it is creeping closer to the mark of 1,000 US dollars, a value Bitcoin last reached in January 2014.


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Q: Image/File upload doesn't work with materializecss framework I want to create a post creator which works with a database, but I can't upload an image or a file. My web-page is using the materialize framework. This code is mostly shrunk down to the important parts.
<?php
require_once 'include/Database.php';
require_once 'include/Sessions.php';
require_once 'include/Functions.php';

if (isset($_POST['addPostButton']) || isset($_FILES['image'])) {

    $imageName = $_POST['image'];
    $imageDirectory = 'uploads/' . basename($_FILES['image']['name']);

    if (!move_uploaded_file($_FILES['image']['tmp_name'], $imageDirectory)) {
        $_SESSION['ErrorMessage'] = 'File is invalid!';
    } else {
        global $ConnectingDB;
        $stmt = $ConnectingDB->prepare("INSERT INTO posts(image) VALUES('$imageName')");
        if ($stmt->execute()) {
            $_SESSION['SuccessMessage'] = 'Post created';
        }
    }
}
?>

<!DOCTYPE html>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Admin Dashboard</title>
    <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="css/materialize.css">
    <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="css/styles.css">

    <form action="add-post.php" method="post">

                    File
                    <input type="file" name="image">

                    <input type="text" class="file-path" placeholder="Choose an image">

    </form>

A: From
<form action="add-post.php" method="post">

To
<form action="add-post.php" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">

Here need to add a form attribute enctype to send files.


40 Year Old Message in a Bottle Returned to Sender: "It Feels Like Anything is Possible"
I never cease to be amazed by the power of messages in bottles to inspire people and bring folks together–to connect total strangers and create friendships where before there was nothing. And this 40 year old message in a bottle–which made my list of best messages in bottles found in 2015–is a great example of that. As the woman who sent it said herself, the finding of the message made her feel like anything is possible.
Mikki Stazel with Surly, examining the message in a bottle she found. Photo: Kevin Easley / PT Leader.
Well, the story is simple and sweet: Susan Cordell, 13, and Amy Heinkel, 11, were just "bored young junior high girls in 1975," according to the PT Leader. So they decided to send a message in a bottle. They may have been "bored," but I tend to think that their decision to send a message in a bottle taps into a deep and important element of humanity, which is our curiosity.
Susan's mother speculated that one day in 1975, Susan and Amy just got the idea. Then they "decided to go out and try this romantic thing out of an old book," according to the PT Leader.
So Susan wrote a simple note, and sealed it in the bottle.
According to the PT Leader, the address in the note was once "the Town Tavern pub and eatery in the N.D. Hill Building at the corner of Water and Quincy streets [in Port Townsend, WA]. The former tavern space is now home of Conservatory Coastal Home, while Water Street Hotel is upstairs." No one seems to know why Cordell would have listed that address, but her mom says that they all hung out there when it was a tavern/restaurant. In fact, that seems to be where Cordell got the receipt on which she wrote the note.
Susan Cordell's Message in a Bottle from 1975. Photo: Kevin Easley / PT Reader.
Fast forward four decades to 2015. One day, Mikki Stazel and her boyfriend Kevin Easley went beachcombing on Okalee Spit in Alaska, near Kayak Island. They told the PT Leader that they went in opposite directions on the beach, and Mikki, with her dog Surly, discovered the bottled note and brought it back to show Kevin. Together, they busted the bottle open on a log right there on the windy beach! Let me just say: They are braver souls than I am. I mean, holy crap! It is a miracle that the 40 year old, brittle paper in the bottle didn't get completely destroyed. If you watch the video, you can even see the notes blowing away down the beach, and Surly chasing them. It gives me palpitations to watch! All I can say is that it was pure luck. As you can see from the photos, the message was very brittle indeed. Some of it had already crumbled away. It boggles the mind that enough of the note survived for them to find Susan Cordell.
Susan Cordell's Message with Broken Bottle. Photo: Kevin Easley / PT Leader.
But they did find her! And the foggy memory of sending the 40 year old message in a bottle swam back into view… It brought back memories of a different, much simpler time. For fun, she and her friend Amy (co-sender of the note) would get together on weekends and bake cookies. As a baker myself, I think that is just lovely. Do kids still do this? I know there are bigger things to be concerned about these days, but I, for one, really hope that kids still hang out to bake stuff on weekends.
Likely route of Susan Cordell's message in a bottle from Port Townsend, WA to Alaska. Image: Q13 Fox Seattle.
Today, Susan Cordell is a scientist living in Hawaii. When she learned of her message's discovery, Susan Cordell told Fox 13 in Seattle it made her feel "like anything is possible".
Well, I agree. And here at the beginning of 2018, I say cheers to a new year full of new possibilities. With any luck, it will be for each of us a year of thrilling discoveries and new friendships and adventures. After all, anything is possible!


Handcrafted with French sea salt, flavorful herbs, and the ever-so-sweet tones of maple sugar from the heart of Quebec; Movie night has never been so sweet!
So go on: Grab your warmest blankets, your favorite flick, and a big bowl of popcorn; Then get ready for an unforgettable movie night with this one-shake, sweet & salty popcorn topper - but don't stop there!
Create a caramelized finish over chicken, fish, or beef with just a sprinkle for an irresistible and teasingly sweet main course!
Use Backwoods Bacon as a rub for steaks at your next barbeque, overtop of morning sunny-side eggs, or add a pinch to make your own pub-style maple bacon chicken wings right at home!
NOTE: There is no bacon, artificial bacon or meat flavors in our Backwoods Bacon Blend. The taste of bacon is mimicked with the help of flavorful dried herbs, and fresh spices. Try it - You won't believe there's no bacon!


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