text:
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Case Reports in Hematology Volume 2014, Article ID 145129, 7 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/145129
Case Report A Rare Presentation of In Situ Mantle Cell Lymphoma and Follicular Lymphoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature Josephine Taverna,1 Anju Nair,2 Seongseok Yun,2 Spencer Paulson,3 Jonathan H. Schatz,1 Daniel Persky,1 Deborah Fuchs,3 and Soham Puvvada1 1
Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, USA 2 Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, USA 3 Department of Pathology, University of Arizona, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Soham Puvvada; [email protected] Received 7 September 2014; Revised 17 October 2014; Accepted 17 October 2014; Published 16 November Academic Editor: Sotirios G. Papageorgiou Copyright © 2014 Josephine Taverna et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. A 65-year-old gentleman presented with left groin swelling over the course of two months. Physical exam revealed nontender left inguinal adenopathy, and computed tomography scans detected multiple lymph nodes in the mesenteric, aortocaval, and right common iliac regions. An excisional lymph node biopsy was performed. Pathologic evaluation demonstrated follicular center site which stained positive for PAX5, CD20, CD10, Bcl-2, Bcl-6, and mantle zone cells. These findings demonstrated CCND1 and CD5 positivity, suggesting composite lymphoma comprising follicular lymphoma (FL) with in situ mantle cell lymphoma (MCLIS). FL is known as indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma; however, the clinical significance of a coexisting MCLIS continues to be elusive, and optimal management of these patients remains largely unknown. This case illustrates the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of composite lymphomas. This paper also discusses advances in molecular pathogenesis and lymphoma genomics which offer novel insights into these rare diseases.
1. Introduction Composite lymphoma (CL) is defined by two or more morphologically and immunophenotypically distinct lymphomas observed within the same anatomic site [1]. Only 6 cases of composite FL and MCL lymphoma have been reported to date (Table 1) [2–7], and FL with coexistent MCLIS cases have only been described in 6 patients (Table 2) [5–9]. The FL component typically appears to be low grade, harbors the t(14; 18) translocation, and stains positive for Bcl-2 on immunohistochemistry (IHC). The MCL component, however, displays a diffuse or in situ mantle-zone growth pattern, harbors the t(11; 14) translocation, and expresses CCND1 [10, 11]. The incidence of CL ranges from 1–4.7% of total lymphomas and has no gender or ethnic predilection. Here, we add one more case to the rare collection of FL with
"in situ" MCL, where such findings are often incidental and associated with indolent clinical course.
2. Case Presentation A 65-year-old male with a history of gastric bypass surgery and left inguinal hernia repair presented with left groin swelling for two months without any other associated symptoms. He initially presented with an enlarged, palpable, nontender left inguinal lymph node measuring 1 × 1.5 cm. Initial laboratory results, including complete blood count, complete metabolic panel, lactate dehydrogenase, and beta2-microglobulin, were normal. Computed tomography scan detected multiple lymph nodes in the mesenteric, aortocaval, and right common iliac lymph nodes measuring up to 13 mm in diameter. At the time of surgical evaluation,
Case Reports in Hematology
Table 1: MCL and FL composite lymphomas. Case number
Age Involvement Gender Waldeyer ring Tonsil 66 F Pharyngeal wall Lingual tonsil Nasal cavity M Ocular adnexa
Immunohistochemistry staining
MCL: CD5+, CD20+, IgD+, cyclinD1+, Bcl-2+, CD3− FL: CD2+, CD10+, Bcl-2+, Bcl-6+, CD5−
Cervical LN Inguinal LN
Inguinal LN
Mesenteric LN Small bowel
PET scan every 3–6 months [2]
Poor prognosis mentioned [3] 9 months after splenectomy, CT scan Splenectomy showed intra-abdominal [4] Patient refused lymphadenopathy and additional treatment patient died from unknown cause 13 months later
FL: CD20+, CD23+, Bcl-6+, CD5−, CD43−, Bcl-2− MCL: cyclinD1+, CD5−
CD20+, CD3−, cyclinD1− 50% of B-cell expressed CD5 (MCL) 30% of B-cell expressed CD10 (FL) FL: CD20+, CD79a+, CD10+, Bcl-2+, CD5−, CD230, cyclinD1−, p27+ MCL: CD20+, CD79a+, CD5+, CD10−, CD23−, cyclinD1+, p27− Interfollicular areas mostly CD5+ showing distinct cylinD1 staining MCL: CD5+, CD20+, CD43+ FL: CD10+, CD20+, p27+
No chemotherapy
CT of chest and abdomen showed no evidence of lymphadenopathy or hepatosplenomegaly
MCL caused disease progression into spleen. [6] One year after splenectomy, it achieved stable disease
22 cycles of chemotherapy over 2 Complete remission years
Table 2: MCL in situ with FL. Case number
MCL: In situ FL: LG/G1
MCL: In situ FL: LG/G1-2, in situ
MCL: In situ FL: Stage 4B
MCL: In situ FL: NA
Immunohistochemistry flow cytometry In situ MCL: CD5−; cyclin D1+; CD23− FL: CD10+; BCL2+ In situ MCL: CD5+; cyclin D1+; CD23− FL: CD10+; BCL2+ In situ MCL: CD5−; cyclin D1+; CD23− FL: CD10+; BCL2− In situ FL: CD10+; BCL2+ In situ MCL: CD5−; cyclin D1+; CD23− FL: CD10+; BCL2+ In situ MCL: CD5+; cyclin D1−; CD23− FL: CD10+; BCL2+ In situ MCL: CD5+; cyclin D1+; CD23 NA FL: CD10+; BCL2+
Molecular technique Results Ref to determine clonal interpretation relationships
FISH/southern blot/PCR
Tissue microdissection
Not done
t(11; 14) + t(14; 18) +
IgH PCR FR1 FR3 JH
Clonally related
t(11; 14) + t(14; 18)+
IgH PCR FR2 D1–6 IgL PCR Vk/Kde
t(14; 18)(q32; q21) + t(11; 14)(q13; 32) +
PCR for IgH
Case Reports in Hematology the inguinal lymph node had regressed and was difficult to pinpoint by physical exam. He, therefore, underwent excisional biopsy of a mesenteric lymph node visible on the CT scan (Figure 1). The follicular center site stained positive for PAX5, CD20, CD10, Bcl-2, and B-cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl-6), indicating follicular lymphoma. However, CCND1 unexpectedly highlighted CD5 positive mantle zone cells in neoplastic follicles, which suggested a MCLIS (Figure 2) component. FISH analysis demonstrated 35% of t(11; 14) and 65% of t(14; 18) in tested nuclei that are mutually exclusive. Further workups including bone marrow biopsy and aspirate were unremarkable. Colonoscopy with random biopsies was negative with no evidence of malignancy although esophagogastroduodenoscopy was not feasible due to his recent gastric bypass surgery. The patient has been followed up for 2 years since initial diagnosis of composite lymphoma and is currently under active clinical surveillance without any signs of disease progression.
3. Discussion FL is one of the common non-Hodgkin lymphomas with an estimated incidence of 3.18 cases per 100,000 people in the USA [19]. FL can present with asymptomatic lymphadenopathy and bone marrow involvement; however, extranodal involvement is relatively uncommon [20]. FL is the prototype for indolent lymphomas and has a median overall survival of greater than 10 years with current treatment paradigms [20]. FL arises from follicular germinal centers within lymph nodes, when na¨ıve B-cells undergo somatic hypermutation (SHM) in the VH region of the immunoglobulin genes during antigen stimulation. Normally, B-cells with lower affinity to antigen undergo apoptosis (negative selection); however, the FL precursors with t(14; 18) (q32; q21) rearrangement are able to survive through negative selection due to constitutive Bcl2 overexpression. During SHM, additional point mutations, deletions, and duplications are introduced in the DNA sequence of VH region that can contribute to pathogenesis of FL [21]. MCL is an aggressive and relatively rare lymphoma with an annual incidence of approximately 4–8 cases per million in the USA [22, 23]. 70% of MCL cases present with advanced disease characterized by splenomegaly, nodal, and/or extranodal involvements [24, 25]. A small subset of patients may follow an indolent clinical course, although clinical progression warrants early therapeutic intervention [25, 26]. Morphologically, five cytological variants of MCL have been recognized: classic, small cell, marginal zone-like, pleomorphic, and blastoid. The t(11; 14) (q13; 32) chromosomal rearrangement is the hallmark of MCL, and it results in overexpression of protooncogene, CCND1 [27]. In situ lymphomas are recognized in the WHO classification of both MCL and FL. They are usually incidental findings in reactive-appearing lymph nodes [28]. In situ mantle cell lymphoma (MCLIS) is characterized by CCND1 positive MCL-like cells restricted to the mantle zone of hyperplastic follicles in reactive lymphoid tissues of healthy individuals [12]. MCLIS is extremely rare with only 22 cases reported to date. It has a heterogeneous clinical presentation with 6
3 cases demonstrating extranodal disease (i.e., lacrimal glands, nasopharynx, oropharynx, and gastrointestinal tract), 1 case with splenic involvement, and bone marrow involvement in 26% of reported cases (Table 3) [8, 12–18]. The diagnosis of MCLIS is often made incidentally from biopsies performed during lymphoma workup. Morphologically, the architecture of the lymphoid tissue remains intact and reactive follicles are mainly distributed in the cortical areas. The mantle zones of these follicles are preserved and CCND1 positive cells are often restricted to mantle zones [12]. Most of MCLIS cells can be divided into two groups: CD5-negative and CD5-positive MCLIS. CD5-negative MCLIS can be typically seen in younger patients, where it often presents with nodal involvement and requires no treatment in most cases. On the other hand, CD5-positive MCLIS is associated with older age, extranodal involvement, and other lymphomas. Patients with CD5-positive MCLIS are more likely to require treatment. Interestingly, no difference in survival has been noted between these two groups [15]. The t(11; 14) (q13; q32) rearrangement juxtaposing the protooncogene CCND1 to the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) complex is considered a pivotal event in the development of MCL. This translocation occurs within the bone marrow during pre-B stage differentiation with V (D) J recombination of the IGH variable region (IGHV) [10]. It is hypothesized that the naive B-cell carrying t(11; 14) colonizes the mantle zone of the lymphoid follicle, generating an in situ MCL lesion. Two distinct populations of MCLIS tumors have been recently described. SOX11-positive MCLIS tumors reside in the mantle zone of lymphoid follicles, are genetically unstable, and undergo limited IGHV somatic mutations. Alternatively, SOX11-negative MCLIS tumors are genetically stable and arise from na¨ıve B-cells harboring t(11; 14) which enter the germinal center and undergo IGHV somatic hypermutations. Carvajal-Cuencia et al. found SOX11 expression in 44% of 16 cases with MCLIS and hypothesized that MCLIS may represent an early step in MCL lymphomagenesis [12]. One would presuppose that SOX-positive MCLIS and FL are clonally unrelated and mutually exclusive. However, previous studies show that 15–40% of MCLs carry IGHV hypermutations with a strong bias in the IGHV gene repertoire [29]. Collectively, these results suggest that both lymphomas may originate from the same preneoplastic clone. Unfortunately, depletion of material from confirmatory pathological studies did not permit PCR evaluation for clonality in our patient. No guidelines have been established for the staging and management of MCLIS. The majority of patients with MCLIS will not develop overt MCL. Therefore, they can be followed up for long periods without treatment [12]. Tumor surveillance with imaging only in the presence of diseaserelated symptoms or organ involvement appears reasonable. MLCIS must be distinguished from mantle cell lymphoma with a mantle zone pattern and overt mantle cell lymphoma because their treatment approaches vary. Accordingly, staging workup to exclude other sites of involvement or rule out the coexistence of an overt lymphoma is recommended. When FL and MCLIS are reported simultaneously, the dominant lymphoma should be treated when patient requires treatment [30]. Our patient does not meet any indications for
Figure 1: H & E and immunohistochemical staining of follicular components. Hematoxylin and eosin stained sections showed numerous neoplastic follicles occupying almost the entire lymph node, effacing the normal nodal architecture extending from the cortex to the hilum, and invading beyond the capsule ((a) 4x). The neoplastic follicles consist of small centrocytes with ovoid shape, small angulated nuclei, clumped chromatin, and inconspicuous or absent nucleoli. Rare intermixed centroblasts are seen ((b) 20x and (c) 40 xs). Immunohistochemical staining revealed the germinal center cells expressing the pan B-cell marker CD20 ((d) 10x) in addition to germinal center-associated markers CD10 ((e) 10x), BCL-6 ((f) 10x), and BCL-2 ((g) 10x). The collective histologic and immunophenotype findings indicated a follicular lymphoma, grade 1 of 3.
Age Sex 70 M 65 F 65 M 66 M 68 M 82 M 82 M 80 M 42 F 78 F 42 M 58 M 42 F 70 F 59 M 80 M 65 F 65 M 68 M 41 F 72 F 34 M
Site of biopsy
Cervical lymph node LN Appendix Pelvic LN LN, mediastinal Oropharynx Lymph node Inguinal LN Cervical lymph node Lacrimal gland Supraclavicular LN Intestine LN, axillary/inguinal, GIT LN, submandibular Cervical lymph node Cervical LN Intramammary LN Appendix Mediastinal LN Inguinal lymph node (LN) Cervical lymph node Left supraclavicular LN
W&W: watch and wait. AND: alive with no disease. AWD: alive with disease. NA: nonavailable. CLL: chronic lymphocytic leukemia. SLL: small lymphocytic lymphoma. LN: lymph node. GIT: gastrointestinal tract.
Case number W&W Chemotherapy W&W W&W W&W W&W Chemotherapy Chemotherapy W&W Not available (NA) Radiotherapy Chemotherapy Chemotherapy W&W W&W Chemotherapy Chemotherapy W&W W&W Watch and Wait (W&W) Radiotherapy Chemotherapy
Management 4 years 0.5 years 4 years 4 years 1 year 3 years 1.5 years N/A 1 year NA 1.7 years 1.4 years 6 years 12 years 5 years 1.5 years 5 years 4 years 1 year 19.5 years 2 years 1 month
Follow-up Overt MCL AND Overt MCL Overt MCL AWD AWD AND N/A Alive with no disease (AND) NA AND AND AND AWD in Peripheral blood (PB) AND Died AND MCL AND Alive with disease (AWD) AND Died
Table 3: Clinical features, follow-up, and management in in situ MCL lesions.
− − + + Not tested + + + − + − + + + − + + + NA − + +
Nonspecific granulomas Papillary thyroid cancer FL FL NA — none Breast cancer FL
CLL/SLL CLL/SLL CLL/SLL Breast cancer NA Castleman disease none
Concurrent malignancy
[8] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [13] [14] [15] [15] [15] [15] [15] [16] [17] [18]
Case Reports in Hematology 5
Figure 2: Immunohistochemical staining of in situ mantle cell lymphoma components. Cyclin D1 immunohistochemistry revealed a peripheral rim of positive cells within the mantle zones of the majority of the neoplastic secondary follicles ((a) 4x and (b) 20x). These cells appeared to show dim coexpression of CD5 ((c) 20x).
treatment, and he has been under active clinical surveillance for 2 years without any signs of disease progression. If there is any evidence of disease progression, we plan to repeat complete staging work-up including a bone marrow and lymph node biopsy with PCR analysis.
Conflict of Interests The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publishing of this paper.
Authors' Contribution 4. Conclusion The significance of MCLIS still remains obscure. At this moment, it is unknown whether MCLIS represents true precursor lesions that will progress to an overt lymphoma or are incidental findings with a low chance of progression. Composite lymphoma with FL and MCLIS can pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. However, with new advances in molecular pathology and lymphoma genomics, we have more opportunities to investigate these rare diseases and gain novel insights into their biology in order to benefit the management of affected patients.
Josephine Taverna and Anju Nair contributed equally to this work and share first authorship.
References [1] H. Kim, "Composite lymphoma and related disorders," American Journal of Clinical Pathology, vol. 99, no. 4, pp. 445–451, 1993. [2] R. B. Ilgenfritz, A. le Tourneau, M. Arborio et al., "Composite mantle cell and follicular lymphoma. A case report," Human Pathology, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 259–263, 2009.
[3] A. Looi, R. D. Gascoyne, M. Chhanabhai, J. M. Connors, J. Rootman, and V. A. White, "Mantle cell lymphoma in the ocular adnexal region," Ophthalmology, vol. 112, no. 1, pp. 114–119, 2005.
Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.
[4] M. R. Roullet, D. Martinez, L. Ma et al., "Coexisting follicular and mantle cell lymphoma with each having an in situ component: a novel, curious, and complex consultation case of coincidental, composite, colonizing lymphoma," American Journal of Clinical Pathology, vol. 133, no. 4, pp. 584–591, 2010.
Case Reports in Hematology [5] P. Tsang, L. Pan, E. Cesarman, J. Tepler, and D. M. Knowles, "A distinctive composite lymphoma consisting of clonally related mantle cell lymphoma and follicle center cell lymphoma," Human Pathology, vol. 30, no. 8, pp. 988–992, 1999. [6] A. Zam`o, R. Zanotti, M. Lestani et al., "Molecular characterization of composite mantle cell and follicular lymphoma," Virchows Archiv, vol. 448, no. 5, pp. 639–643, 2006. [7] F. Fend, L. Quintanilla-Martinez, S. Kumar et al., "Composite low grade B-cell lymphomas with two immunophenotypically distinct cell populations are true biclonal lymphomas: a molecular analysis using laser capture microdissection," American Journal of Pathology, vol. 154, no. 6, pp. 1857–1866, 1999. [8] N. Aqel, F. Barker, K. Patel, and K. N. Naresh, "In-situ mantle cell lymphoma—a report of two cases," Histopathology, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 256–260, 2008. [9] A. Matsuoka, T. Tsushima, M. Tanibuchi et al., "Composite lymphoma cosisting of mantle cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma," Rinsh¯o ketsueki, vol. 54, no. 11, pp. 2056–2061, 2013. [10] P. Jares, D. Colomer, and E. Campo, "Genetic and molecular pathogenesis of mantle cell lymphoma: perspectives for new targeted therapeutics," Nature Reviews Cancer, vol. 7, no. 10, pp. 750–762, 2007. [11] P. Jares, D. Colomer, and E. Campo, "Molecular pathogenesis of mantle cell lymphoma," The Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol. 122, no. 10, pp. 3416–3423, 2012. [12] A. Carvajal-Cuenca, L. F. Sua, N. M. Silva et al., "In situ mantle cell lymphoma: clinical implications of an incidental finding with indolent clinical behavior," Haematologica, vol. 97, no. 2, pp. 270–278, 2012. [13] A. Bassarova, A. Tierens, G. F. Lauritzsen, A. Foss˚a, and J. Delabie, "Mantle cell lymphoma with partial involvement of the mantle zone: an early infiltration pattern of mantle cell lymphoma?" Virchows Archiv, vol. 453, no. 4, pp. 407–411, 2008. [14] B. Espinet, F. Sol´e, C. Pedro et al., "Clonal proliferation of cyclin D1-positive mantle lymphocytes in an asymptomatic patient: an early-stage event in the development or an indolent form of a mantle cell lymphoma?" Human Pathology, vol. 36, no. 11, pp. 1232–1237, 2005. [15] P. Hsu, T. Yang, S. Sheikh-Fayyaz et al., "Mantle cell lymphoma with in situ or mantle zone growth pattern: a study of five cases and review of literature," International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 1042–1050, 2014. [16] L. Nodit, D. W. Bahler, S. A. Jacobs, J. Locker, and S. H. Swerdlow, "Indolent mantle cell lymphoma with nodal involvement and mutated immunoglobulin heavy chain genes," Human Pathology, vol. 34, no. 10, pp. 1030–1034, 2003. [17] S. J. Rodig, B. M. Healey, G. S. Pinkus, F. C. Kuo, P. D. Cin, and J. L. Kutok, "Mantle cell lymphoma arising within primary nodal marginal zone lymphoma: a unique presentation of two uncommon B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders," Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics, vol. 171, no. 1, pp. 44–51, 2006. [18] Y. Liu, P. Li, Y. Guo, L. Fan, L. Wang, and J. Zhu, "A unique composite follicular lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma with a mixed cell pattern and aggressive course," American Journal of Clinical Pathology, vol. 141, pp. 737–741, 2014. [19] L. M. Morton, S. S. Wang, S. S. Devesa, P. Hartge, D. D. Weisenburger, and M. S. Linet, "Lymphoma incidence patterns by WHO subtype in the United States, 1992–2001," Blood, vol. 107, no. 1, pp. 265–276, 2006. [20] A. Freedman, "Follicular lymphoma: 2011 update on diagnosis and management," American Journal of Hematology, vol. 86, no. 9, pp. 768–775, 2011.
7 [21] R. Kridel, L. H. Sehn, and R. D. Gascoyne, "Pathogenesis of follicular lymphoma," The Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol. 122, no. 10, pp. 3424–3431, 2012. [22] J. O. Armitage, "A clinical evaluation of the International Lymphoma Study Group classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma," Blood, vol. 89, no. 11, pp. 3909–3918, 1997. [23] Y. Zhou, H. Wang, W. Fang et al., "Incidence trends of mantle cell lymphoma in the United States between 1992 and 2004," Cancer, vol. 113, no. 4, pp. 791–798, 2008. [24] H. Samaha, C. Dumontet, N. Ketterer et al., "Mantle cell lymphoma: a retrospective study of 121 cases," Leukemia, vol. 12, no. 8, pp. 1281–1287, 1998. [25] J. M. Vose, "Mantle cell lymphoma: 2013 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and clinical management," American Journal of Hematology, vol. 88, no. 12, pp. 1082–1088, 2013. [26] P. Martin, A. Chadburn, P. Christos et al., "Outcome of deferred initial therapy in mantle-cell lymphoma," Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 1209–1213, 2009. [27] F. Bertoni and M. Ponzoni, "The cellular origin of mantle cell lymphoma," International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, vol. 39, no. 10, pp. 1747–1753, 2007. [28] S. H. Swerdlow, WHO Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues, IARC Press, Lyon, France, 4th edition, 2008. [29] S. Wang, A. Tzankov, Z. Y. Xu-Monette et al., "Clonally related composite follicular lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma with clinicopathologic features and biological implications," Human Pathology, vol. 44, no. 12, pp. 2658–2667, 2013. [30] A. Carbone and A. Santoro, "How I treat: diagnosing and managing "in situ" lymphoma," Blood, vol. 117, no. 15, pp. 3954– 3960, 2011.
Copyright of Case Reports in Hematology is the property of Hindawi Publishing Corporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use.
B Cell Lymphoma, Unclassifiable, Transformed from Follicular Lymphoma: A Rare Presentation with Review of the Literature.
Mantle cell lymphoma presented with unilateral palsy: a case report and review of literature.
Primary Cutaneous Mantle-Cell Lymphoma: A Case Report and Literature Review.
The relationship between overt and in-situ lymphoma: a retrospective study of follicular and mantle cell lymphoma cases.
lymphoma accompanying follicular mucinosis: a case report with review of the literature.
Mantle cell lymphoma with in situ or mantle zone growth pattern: a study of five cases and review of literature.
Composite diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular B-cell lymphoma - case report and review of literature.
Metastatic Mantle Cell Lymphoma to the Pituitary Gland: Case Report and Literature Review.
T-cell lymphoma with von Hippel-Lindau disease: a rare case report and review of literature.
Primary follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the ureter: A case report and literature review.
A rare case report of primary bone lymphoma and a brief review of the literature.
Rare presentation of secondary cutaneous involvement by splenic marginal zone lymphoma: report of a case and review of the literature.
Unusual presentation of duodenal plasmablastic lymphoma in an immunocompetent patient: A case report and literature review.
Composite mantle cell and primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma: case report and review of the literature.
Primary Renal Lymphoma - A Case Report and Review of Literature.
Mantle cell lymphoma concurrent with T-large granular lymphocytic leukemia: report of a case and review of literature.
Primary ovarian lymphoma: a case report and review of literature.
Ibrutinib Treatment of Mantle Cell Lymphoma Relapsing at Central Nervous System: A Case Report and Literature Review.
Transformation of follicular lymphoma to double hit B-cell lymphoma causing hypercalcemia in a 69-year-old female: a case report and review of the literature.
Multifocal mantle cell lymphoma in situ in the setting of a composite lymphoma.
CD7 Positive Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Arising in a Background of Follicular Lymphoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.
Cutaneous presentation of Double Hit Lymphoma: A Case Report With Review of the Literature.
Recent advances in mantle cell lymphoma: report of the 2013 Mantle Cell Lymphoma Consortium Workshop.
Primary esophageal Burkitt's lymphoma: a rare case report and review of literature.
A rare presentation of in situ mantle cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma: a case report and review of the literature.
A 65-year-old gentleman presented with left groin swelling over the course of two months. Physical exam revealed nontender left inguinal adenopathy, a...


Madison is a shady town.
Trees line our streets and public spaces, providing crucial shade during those hot summer months. It may not seem like it now, but there are times when Madisonians want relief from all the direct sunlight around them.
For years, though, there's been a tiny but ominous threat looming over our city's trees. The emerald ash borer has been tearing across the eastern half of the U.S., leaving local governments with only two choices: cut down ash trees or use incredibly expensive chemical sprays.
Much of Madison's tree stock is made of ash trees, many planted at a time when the major arbor blight was Dutch Elm Disease. The emerald ash borer has been in Wisconsin since 2008, and it was only a matter of time before it made its way into our neighborhoods. City of Madison officials wisely used their prep time to come up with an emerald ash borer plan, which was structured around detection of susceptible trees.
Last Tuesday, when many were getting ready for Thanksgiving, it was confirmed that the emerald ash borer has finally made its way to Dane County.
Now, the city will put its plan into effect, which will include the removal of many ash trees from parks and other public spaces. Laura Whitmore, community relations coordinator for Madison Parks, says that tree removal has already started. But the city won't know the exact number of trees that will need to be removed until its assessment is complete.
For trees with historical significance, or maybe just someone's favorite tree in a neighborhood park, Madison Parks will also offer an Adopt-a-Tree program where citizens can pay to have individual public trees sprayed with expensive chemicals to stop ash borer infection.
"We will have details [on the Adopt-a-Tree program] later this winter. Nothing can happen with the program until spring as that's when treatment can begin," says Whitmore in an email response to a query.
While Madison is going to lose a lot of shade over the next few years, Parks staff will be replanting new trees in the affected areas.
"The type of tree depends on location. Like with any replanting along a street or a park, the location is assessed and the species is appropriately chosen," says Whitmore, "Like all other municipalities, the key to success is urban forest diversity."
The city's plan is limited to public trees. Whitmore encourages homeowners with private trees to check a homeowner's toolkit that the city has assembled.
While Madison Parks is dealing with this situation in the best way possible, given fiscal and environmental concerns, it is still going to be painful to see so many of the city's trees disappear. When we're on the flipside of the calendar and the sun is beating down, those replacement saplings won't grow fast enough to provide the shade we're seeking.


text:
Aegle margarita är en fjärilsart som beskrevs av Charles Boursin 1961. Aegle margarita ingår i släktet Aegle och familjen nattflyn. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Nattflyn
margarita

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
package com.corneliudascalu.mvpnotes.ui.view.details;

import com.corneliudascalu.mvpnotes.data.interactor.NoteInteractor;
import com.corneliudascalu.mvpnotes.data.model.Note;
import com.corneliudascalu.mvpnotes.ui.view.details.interfaces.NoteDetailsPresenter;
import com.corneliudascalu.mvpnotes.ui.view.details.interfaces.NoteDetailsView;
import com.corneliudascalu.mvpnotes.ui.view.main.OnNoteOperationListener;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @author Corneliu Dascalu <corneliu.dascalu@gmail.com>
 */
public class SimpleNoteDetailsPresenter implements NoteDetailsPresenter {

    private final NoteDetailsView view;

    private final NoteInteractor interactor;

    private Note note;

    public SimpleNoteDetailsPresenter(NoteDetailsView view, NoteInteractor interactor) {
        this.view = view;
        this.interactor = interactor;
    }

    @Override
    public void setData(Note note) {
        this.note = note;
    }

    @Override
    public void viewReady() {
        view.setNote(note);
    }

    @Override
    public void deleteNote() {
        interactor.deleteNote(note, new OnNoteOperationListener() {
            @Override
            public void onNoteAdded(Note note) {

            }

            @Override
            public void onNoteAddError(Note.Error error) {

            }

            @Override
            public void onNoteDeleted(Note note) {
                view.close();
            }

            @Override
            public void onNoteDeleteError(Note.Error error) {
                view.showError(error.getMessage());
                view.close();
            }

            @Override
            public void onNoteRetrieved(Note note) {

            }

            @Override
            public void onNoteListRetrieved(List<Note> notes) {

            }

            @Override
            public void onRetrieveError(Note.Error error) {

            }
        });
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


We offer a State-of-the-art multi-format post production facility capable of tailoring to your individual production requirements; from offline to online editing and finishing services to our audio dubbing and foley suite. We provide a personal boutique-style, flexible service whilst delivering to the most challenging of schedules and budgets. Tying into our studio complex, we can offer tapeless delivery via send-to-playback. Tapeless recording can be done via EVS or the tapeless technology of your choice from any of the studios in our portfolio.
Boasting a Protools HDX Dubbing suite with Dolby atmos monitoring, Voice over, ADR and a Foley facility with a wealth of props and surfaces, we can deliver files on any format you require. With central storage systems and data transfer technology also available, our dubbing suites deliver uncompromising results.
Maidstone Studios has developed a world-class on-site data centre and built an extensive network across the UK, connecting to major media outlets through its dedicated fibre.
Our extensive experience in broadcast and innovatative data-centre expertise has allowed electric connectivity direct from filming to editorial suites in Soho, London and Media City, Salford.
The Custodian site boasts one of the most impressive arrays of satellite communication facilities in the South East of England. Our southerly position and variety of down-link dishes ranging from 1.1m to 6m allows us to connect with an unrivalled number of satellites.
This extensive facility, coupled to our high speed fibre and IP network means that we can offer a range of solutions for a wide variety of commercial applications. Satellite feeds can be connected to customer equipment on one of our data floors, or backhauled directly via our network.
Maidstone Studios prides itself on delivering bespoke edit suite requirements. Our suites are fully customisable, provide high speed data connectivity to a central storage system and boast live edit functionality. With Avid ISIS storage systems available, we can ensure that you have the power and storage capacity to sustain real-time workflows and provide you with Post Production technology that delivers a high performance scalable solution.


Ishmael is focused on great customer service and get's a majority of his customers from repeat business or referrals. Ishmael is Bi-lingual and been selling cars for many years with a great reputation and following.
Alex is extremely focused on customer service and spending time with the customer to find the right car for them.
Karlita, has been in the finance position for many years and has some great relationships with subprime banks to get our customers approved when no one else can. Karlita speaks Spanish and English which helps our customers feel comfortable through the buying process.
Reno, has been with West Auto Sales for 3 year and in the auto business for 10 years now. Reno is Bi-lingual and can get almost any customer approved on a car. Come see Reno at West Auto Sales to get a car.
From the moment you step on our lot until the time you drive away in your next car, your buying experience with West Auto Sales is our number one priority. We encourage you to use the expertise and resources of our sales staff; they are here to help you find the right car at the right price. Call us today at 801-318-7805 to schedule your test drive!


text:
class WelcomeController < ApplicationController
	layout 'application'

	# Home page endpoint
	def index
	end
end


text:
/*
    Document   : show_gifts
    Created on : Apr 19, 2013, 4:27:13 PM
    Author     : rlittle
    Description:
        Purpose of the stylesheet follows.
*/

root {
    display: block;
}

/*div#content {
position: relative;
display: inline-block;
margin-top: 0px;
min-height: 475px;
width: 725px	9;
width: 725px;
float: right;
}*/

div#show-gifts-page {
    padding: 0px;
    margin: auto;
    margin-top: 50px;
    width: 1024px;
}

div#gift-list {
    padding: 0px;
    margin: auto;
    margin-top: 50px;
    display: inline-block;
    width: 100%;
}

#page-middle-left {
    position: relative;
    display: inline-block;
    float: left;
    width: 290px;
}

div.gift-picture {
    margin: 15px 0px 0px 0px;
    position: relative;
}

div.gift-item {
    border: dotted transparent 1px;
    width: 244px;
    display: inline-block;
    padding-left: 46px;
    margin: initial;
    position: relative;
    padding-right: 46px;
}

div#edit-product {
    position: absolute;
    z-index: 20;
    width: 32px;
    height: 32px;
    MARGIN-TOP: 15px;
    margin-left: 15px;
    border-image: initial;
    cursor: pointer;
}

div#content.site div.gift-item img.handle {
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0px;
    left: 45px;
    top: initial;
}

ul#left-nav li.top-nav a:hover {
    color: #1b4d4b;
}

ul#left-nav li a {
    color: #42a5a4;
    font-size: 17px;
    text-shadow: none;
    font-weight: normal;
    text-transform: none;
    font-family: Chalkduster;
    text-align: right;
}

div#section-name {
    font-family: Chalkduster;
    color: #42a5a4;
    font-weight: bold;
    font-size: 29px;
    text-decoration: none;
    text-shadow: none;
    font-weight: normal;
    text-transform: none;
    left: 0px;
    top: 15px;
    position: absolute;
    z-index: 200;
}

ul#left-nav {
    list-style-image: none;
    list-style-position: outside;
    list-style-type: none;
    margin-left: -46px;
    margin-top: 100px;
    bottom: 0px;
}

li.left-nav-selected {
    color: #42a5a4;
    text-decoration:underline;
    font-size: 17px;
    text-shadow: none;
    font-weight: normal;
    text-transform: none;
    font-family: Chalkduster;
    text-align: right;
}

div.available .title, div.reserved .title {
    width: 150px;
    background-color: #99a1a0;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: white;
    font-size: 12px;
    padding: 1px;
    text-align: right;
    display: inline-block;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    padding-right: 10px;
}

div.available .field, div.reserved .field {
    width: 50px;
    background-color: #b2c6d0;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: white;
    font-size: 12px;
    padding: 1px;
    text-align: center;
    display: inline-block;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    font-weight: bold;
    margin-left: 5px;
    height: 17px;
    overflow: hidden;
    vertical-align: bottom;
}

div.available {
    margin: auto;
    display: table;
    position: relative;
}

div.reserve-block {
    margin: auto;
    display: table;
    position: relative;
}

div.gift-description {
    display: inline-block;
    position: relative;
    width: 100%;
    text-align: center;
    padding-bottom: 5px;
    padding-top: 10px;
    min-height: 40px;
}

div.gift-price {
    width: 100%;
    display: inline-block;
    position: relative;
    text-align: center;
    padding-bottom:10px;
}

div.gift-float {
    display: block;
    margin: auto;
    overflow: hidden;
    width: 240px;
    height: 240px;
    border: 2px solid #a3bac6;
    background-color:white;
}

img.gift-image {
    width: 240px;
}

div.field div.cms-contentitem div.best_in_place {
    height: inherit;
    margin-top: 0px;
    margin-bottom: 0px;
    padding-top: 0px;
}

div.field div.cms-contentitem {
    padding: 0px !important;
    margin: 0px !important;
}

div.field div.cms-contentitem div.best_in_place input.best_in_place_adj {
    width: 30px !important;
    text-align: center;
    margin-top: -1px;
    font-size: 12px;
}

div#content div.best_in_place:hover, #user_account .do_hover {
    /* padding-right: 1.5em; */
    /* background: url("/images/red_pen.png") no-repeat right; */
    background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.28) !important;
    padding: 0px 5px 0px 5px !important;
    margin: 0px 6px 4px 4px !important;
}

div#content div.best_in_place input.best_in_place_adj {
    margin-left: -1px !important;
}

div#content div.field div.cms-contentitem div.best_in_place {
        margin-left: 2px;
}

div#edit-bride-gear {
    position: absolute;
    cursor: pointer;
}

div#account-info {
    position: absolute;
    margin-top: 20px;
}


It's my baby niece Dorothy's first Christmas and I wanted to give her something special. Initially, I'd ordered a few things for her from designer babywear retailer Alex and Alexa, but when my friend and co-worker Natalie showed me the sweet, personalized Christmas stocking she'd made for her niece, I knew I had to make one too (don't worry - her birthday's in January, so all the Petit Bateau goodies won't go to waste!).
Natalie kindly supplied me with the template she used and gave me instructions on how to get started, as well as a shopping list of materials I'd need for the project. On her advice, I bought the fabric and velvet ribbon from eBay, which only amounted to about £11 in total.
Originally, I'd wanted to use Christmas-themed fabrics as Natalie did for hers (it looked amazing), but because I'm utterly boring and minimalist, I went for this light blue chambray-type of material with a star pattern and bought the corresponding fabric in cream for the inner lining, plus some velvet grey ribbon for the trim.
"She's a baby, for goodness' sake," joked John when he saw the colors I had chosen. "Not an adult!"
But I adored those tiny stars and the pretty blue color.
At work, I nicknamed Natalie "Perfect Natalie" because of her insanely good crafting skills, baking prowess (she turns out the best brownies you've ever had), and also because she's incredibly smart and, not to mention, super pretty. You'd probably hate her if she wasn't also ... just. So. Ridiculously. Nice.
... which I was pretty pleased with! It's not as perfect as Natalie's, but it's not too bad for a first try, I don't think.
I'm now kind of obsessed with bondaweb (that sticky stuff you iron on to the fabric to make it stick), which I used for the lettering and am thinking of all the other crafty things I could make with it. Personalised totebags, anyone?
Have you ever made a gift for a friend or family member? How did it turn out? I'd love to know.
Thanks, Gianni! I *totally* get what you mean by the "for YOUR use only" concept - ha! I never thought of it this way, but it's sweet. I avoid making things for people unless I'm sure it'll turn out well or ... if it's for a child. :) Particularly a small child.
Amazing stocking Jamie - well impressed! Natalie's probably got a perfect husband and I wouldn't be surprised if she is passing off his brownies as her own.
I made two cross-stitch projects for friends in the past year, from my own patterns (that is, I got a cross-stitch font and used it to make a quote). They both turned out very well, but not before I'd done a lot of second-guessing, hair-pulling, and reinventing the wheel. I had to go out and buy a compass after admitting I wasn't going to MacGyver a better circle-drawing tool out of things in my apartment.
I also made homemade orange-milk liqueur for my mom last Christmas. That was interesting! And fun, and not too hard. There are recipes online.
I doubt I'll ever switch to giving all homemade gifts, but they're a nice solution for certain tricky recipients. If my parents want something, they usually go ahead and buy it, so it was nice to give my mom something she couldn't find on a shelf.
Marjorie, those all sound like very special and thoughtful gifts! I laughed at your MacGyver comment.


text:
K.J. Osborn's career day helped ignite Vikings impossible comeback
This season's receiver, KJ Osborne, has fallen behind other stars on the Vikings' offense many times. He never complained.
While he certainly hoped to put together a breakout season, he knew that star receiver Justin Jefferson deserved a lion's share of the workload, and that veteran receiver Adam Thielen would most likely be read next. Add in the fact that the Vikings acquired tight end TJ Hockenson at the trade deadline, and that Osborne isn't always involved in the game plan.
That's why Osborne's performance for the Vikings in Saturday's 39-36 overtime game against the Colts was so rewarding. He finished the day of his career with 10 catches for 157 yards and 1 touchdown. He ignited an impossible comeback just after halftime with a 63-yard reception followed by a 2-yard touchdown.
"Oh," said Osborne. "It was amazing. I can't say anything else but I feel so blessed and I've worked really hard and I'm happy that this day has come."
This has been a long wait for Osborne. His biggest contribution so far came in a 28-24 win over the Lions in September. He finished that game with five catches for 73 yards and a touchdown in the final seconds to complete his comeback.
It was the last time Osborne exceeded 50 yards in a game. Until he got the ball out against the Colts.
"I told KJ a few weeks ago that his time would come," said coach Kevin O'Connell. "Regardless of how our offense evolved or his value to us, I knew it would happen." In that same breath, O'Connell admitted.
I didn't do many.
Nonetheless, it's clear Osborne has earned the trust of quarterback Kirk Cousins. But more importantly, Osborne earned Cousins' respect for his ability to always put the team's success ahead of his own. It takes a special player to do it every week.
"He's the guy who can do it every week," Cousins said. "It's been hard for him to get the football he deserves and he's shown the ability to deserve it. Throughout the season he felt we needed to give him more targets and more chances. He's the real deal. So it was hard to get him involved like he is today.He showed what he can do today.I am totally convinced that he is an elite, elite receiver in this league."
Asked which moment was the most memorable, Osborne said he again left it up to his teammates, this time kicker Greg Joseph, to decide the winner of the match in overtime.
"It was amazing," said Osborne. "Just watching the place go crazy. I'm still trying to process everything that happened in this game. It was amazing."
So did he.
SHINEDOWN's BARRY KERCH Reflects On Elbow Injury Which Nearly Ended His Career
Patrice Bergeron Reacts To Bruins Celebrating Career Milestone

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
CLERICI PALACE
Europe and Global Governance
Radicalization and International Terrorism
Russia, Caucasus and Central Asia
Religions and International Relations
ISPI SCHOOL
Shia Factions in the Iraqi Election: Divided and in Disarray
Iraq's parliamentary elections, scheduled for 12 May 2018, will serve as the first national referendum since the defeat of the Islamic State (IS) in 2017. Observers of the lead-up to the elections will invariably examine the sectarian Shia versus Sunni rivalries during the process, to the neglect of the intra-sectarian Shia rivalries that have evolved since 2003. After the fall of Saddam Hussein, the Shia factions did run on a single ticket, the United Iraqi Alliance.
Thursday, 10 May, 2018 - 09:30
Read more about Shia Factions in the Iraqi Election: Divided and in Disarray
Iraq 15 Years On: A New Beginning?
Fifteen years after the demise of the Saddam Hussein regime, Iraq is still struggling to keep faith with the promises generated by the fall of one of the most brutal regimes ever ascending to power, able to maintain its grip on the "land of the two rivers" for decades despite internal opposition, external pressure and ill-fated military operations.
Read more about Iraq 15 Years On: A New Beginning?
Gulf Powers: Maritime Rivalry in the Western Indian Ocean
The Western Indian Ocean (the Suez Canal, the Red Sea, the Bab el-Mandeb, the Gulf of Aden, the Arabian Sea, the Gulf of Oman, the Arabian/Persian Gulf) is the new Gulf powers' battlefield. Saudi Arabia and Iran, as already in the Middle East, are vying for hegemony in this sub-region: the Gulf monarchies also compete for influence, especially after the 2017 Qatari crisis and Doha's boycott by neighbours.
Friday, 13 April, 2018 - 17:00
Read more about Gulf Powers: Maritime Rivalry in the Western Indian Ocean
Transnational Insecurity in the Gulf of Aden
The war in Yemen has enhanced transnational insecurity between the Arabian Peninsula and the Horn of Africa, with the Gulf of Aden as the epicentre of this insecurity: nevertheless, Yemen and Somalia still maintain distinct features.
Tuesday, 20 March, 2018 - 17:15
Read more about Transnational Insecurity in the Gulf of Aden
Yemen: the Sectarianization of a Political Conflict
Too often depicted as yet another arena in the proxy war between Sunni Saudi Arabia and Shia Iran, the Yemeni conflict has much more to do with a domestic struggle for power rather than sectarian – and supposedly archaic – rivalries. But with the opening of a new round of conflict after the 2011 Arab Spring, and even more after the 2015 Saudi-led intervention, the conflict underwent a dynamic of "sectarianisation", or politicization of religious identities.
Read more about Yemen: the Sectarianization of a Political Conflict
Yemen's Southern Secessionists Divided By Regional Identities
The military expansion of the Houthis and forces loyal to Ali Abdullah Saleh into Southern Yemen in February 2015, after the flight of president Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi to Aden, exacerbated the north-south division of the country, highlighting its fragmentation. This led to a strong military response in the South to what appeared to be a new invasion by Northern forces after the 1994 war: from that moment on, new military and political orientations have risen in the South, as well as increased popular support for separatism.
Read more about Yemen's Southern Secessionists Divided By Regional Identities
Yemen's State (Re)building: a Tale of Too Many Obstacles
After Houthi rebels executed a coup against the government in January 2015, and marched towards Aden, absorbing the territory of the internationally-recognized President Abd-Rabbuh Mansour Hadi, the Saudi-led coalition launched a military campaign in Yemen (26 March 2015), under the declared aim of reinstating the legitimate government and protecting its southern borders. From that moment on, the conflict has escalated and fighting fronts extended, resulting in a complex war that has so far defied all efforts at peacemaking.
Monday, 19 March, 2018 - 18:30
Read more about Yemen's State (Re)building: a Tale of Too Many Obstacles
Tribes in Yemen: Dominant, but not a Single Bloc
The rise of the Houthi upended the tribal political alliances that formed the backbone of republican Yemen in the north but without altering the dominance of tribes and tribalism. The Houthi adroitly manipulated local tribal politics in the north during many years of conflict to defeat the Houthi enemies in the tribal leadership that had dominated the north under the Saleh regime. At the same time, the Houthi attacked the political bases of the Islah party and the allied military forces of Ali Mohsin al-Ahmar.
Read more about Tribes in Yemen: Dominant, but not a Single Bloc
Yemen's Military: From the Tribal Army to the Warlords
Yemen's tribal army does not exist anymore, replaced by a plethora of militias, sometimes institutionalised: only a federal-based reform of the security sector could limit the rising territorial power of warlords. A survey conducted by the Yemen Polling Centre in 2017 sheds further light on this point: at the question "Who brings security in this area?", only 16% of Yemenis all over the country answer "the police/security authorities"[1].
Read more about Yemen's Military: From the Tribal Army to the Warlords
Italy and Egypt, Between Morality and Raison d'Etat
"That's what we will be working on, to follow the president's instructions. We will try to complete all the phases by the end of 2018 or early 2019", said Petroleum Minister Tarek El Molla with great fanfare. It was on February 1, at the inauguration of the first phase of developing Zohr, the giant offshore gas field near the Egyptian coast. Zohr is estimated to have a reserve of 30 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, the largest in the Mediterranean.
Thursday, 15 March, 2018 - 16:45
Read more about Italy and Egypt, Between Morality and Raison d'Etat
About ISPI - Work with us - Experts - Contact - For Media - Privacy
ISPI (Italian Institute for International Political Studies) - Palazzo Clerici (Via Clerici 5 - 20121 Milan) - P.IVA IT02141980157


The resignation of Saeb Erekat on 12 February was the final page from a sad story about how the media can create and destroy a current affairs TV celebrity.
From his beginning as a journalist, then a career politician, Erekat became what could resemble the Britney Spears of Palestinian politics.
In May 1988, Erekat was one of three Palestinians (Haidar Abdel Shafi and Hanan Ashrawi were the others) to participate in ABC Nightline's Town Hall meeting from Jerusalem (photo, above).
Following a career in academia and the media in the West Bank, he came to prominence for the first time as a member of the PLO delegation to the Madrid conference in 1991. Then, he famously put on his shoulders the Palestinian keffiyeh in a sign of defiance of the Israeli interlocutors (second left in the photo above).
And ever since, until the 12 February 2011 resignation, Erekat has become a captive of the news media glamour and fame.
Between the 1993 Oslo process and the aftermath of the 2000 intifada, the man did not spare a chance to appear for comment on various Arab and international media.
He appeared to have had all that wanted: Good looks, excellent English and senior PLO position. He was also a strong believer in the justice of his cause and the independence of his Palestinian character.
Erekat liked this role and it seemed that the role also liked Erekat. From one studio to another, he came out with the smartest, catchiest phrases and quotes that tantalized the taste buds of any news producer or correspondent.
Erekat understood very well the role of the media, particularly in promoting his cause. Why not, when after all, it is the perceptions of personalities on the media is what often define one's understanding - if not final judgment - of the otherwise complex problem of Palestine?
"The peace process was as slow as a turtle; and Netanyahu has now overturned this turtle."
However, after he went up the hierarchy of the PLO's negotiation department, Erekat started to evolve: From a head of department and lead negotiator to a sort of a TV celebrity, with an unquenchable addiction to appearance on TV screens.
Therefore, the next question was what to talk about when peace talks are frozen?
Erekat chose sports. Again, the consistent is his attachment to the media, even though, at times, this caused more embarrassment than benefit to the cause.
Hamas, the rival of Fatah and the PLO, used the video of a report on Erekat's "chill-out" regime on Israeli Channel 2 to tarnish his image.
Over the years, Ereikat mastered the role to the extent that - regularly - I wondered as to the relatively long air time he spends commenting on [often the failure] of talks with Israel.
These days, the power of media is immense, and to an extent insurmountable. This was a fact that Ereikat apparently never thought of, apparently until 23 January.
When faced with the Palestine Papers on that day, Ereikat looked gobsmacked as he was begging for air time to breathe out his defence. At one point I thought he would cry.
Al-Jazeera's presentation was also extremely cruel to be fair. Erekat apparently had not been told about the content of the interview and I'd assume he thought it was just "another interview".
In addition, the sad music that accompanied the presentation (strangely on both Al-Jazeera Arabic and English) reminded one of the first scenes of Gillo Pontecorvo's "Battle of Algiers" (1966).
In that scene, an Algerian collaborator was forced to show the French occupation soldiers the hideout of the Fedayeen. He was shameful and humiliated, and that how Erekat looked during the first minutes of that interview.
On the other hand, when I heard that Erekat had told the Israelis "I will give you the biggest Yerushalaym [Jerusalem]" and other quotes that were used against him by Al-Jazeera, I knew very quickly that this was Erekat that we knew.
He was not being a traitor or a sellout. He was just being what he became: a talkative figure that tries to look smart and eloquent.
Palestinian historian and academic Mahdi Abd al-Hadi summarized on Al-Jazeera what happened to Erekat on the same day. He said that Erekat had simply become a "spokesman" and that he was not supposed to treat serious negotiations with the simplicity of a TV appearance.
After that day, it all went downhill for Erekat.
Several days on, he appeared again, this time very furious, aggressive if not feral, in a talk show with Al-Jazeera's Ahmed Mansour. Obviously Al-Jazeera wanted to show that he was not targeted because he was Erekat. But again, it was too late, and Erekat made it even worse, as he grappled with the question of how the documents had been leaked from his office.
In his last interview on Al-Jazeera English, this time on "Frost over the World", Erekat lost all his aggressiveness but not his eloquence. However, he knew it was over as he talked to Sir David Frost.
On 12 February, Erekat tended his resignation, claiming personal responsibility for the leaks.


text:
White papers and resources
Truthful consumerism
Amid all the change and uncertainty of this moment, a set of core truths about our shared future is as relevant as ever
Trump pulls out of the Paris climate agreement. UK Prime Minister Theresa May calls a snap general election, seeking a mandate for Brexit strategy. Meanwhile, in France Macon strikes a blow against populism by defeating the hard line rightwinger Marine Le Pen. Brazil remains polarised around the impeachment of former president Dilma Rousseff. In the Philippines, the populist president Duterte continues to make headlines.
The world is in flux. That's not news, fake or otherwise. We're in a moment characterised by polarised societies, the emergence of new populisms, post-truth and large doses of anger. Meanwhile, the Edelman Trust Barometer - the word's most comprehensive survey of trust in institutions - shows that global trust in government, media, business and NGOs has fallen to its lowest levels ever. Most people say they are concerned about globalisation - 59% say the system is failing, against only 15% who think it is working.
Of course, the political coverage has been endless. At TrendWatching, our question is the same as always: what does all this mean for the future of business and consumerism, including the health and wellness industries? Where are consumers heading next, and how should brands respond?
It doesn't take much to see that brands are operating in a more volatile environment.
Remember #deleteUber? Over 200,000 accounts went down the drain in days because some users did not like the way Uber responded to Trump's Muslim country travel ban. Now we have the strange spectacle of ExxonMobil - the world's largest investor-owned oil and gas company - telling a US President that he should remain committed to reduce carbon emissions. Strange times indeed.
So, here's our position in a nutshell. Yes, we're in a fractious and unpredictable moment right now. But the future still belongs to those who believe in progress. And progress comes via innovation. Your response as a brand to this new moment? Innovate to build a better future - for all.
Yes, we know that this new era poses serious challenges to governments, individuals and, yes, to many brands. However there's also a massive opportunity here. This is a uniquely powerful moment to prove who you are as a brand. What you mean, what you believe and how you make the world better. So what should your response be in this new moment? To harness the power of innovation to build a better future. No, it won't be easy. Yes, sometimes it will mean dealing with realities - even people - you don't like. But that's no excuse to give up on the power of innovation to fuel progress!
Okay, but how? Amid all the change and uncertainty of this moment, a set of core truths about our shared future is as relevant as ever. Transparency. Aspiration. Positive impact. Tolerance. Empowerment. These truths are powerful - and positive - directions of travel sweeping through many advanced and emerging economies. Ground your innovation in one (or more) of these forces, and you will ground it in something meaningful and lasting.
Take transparency. Sure, the Oxford English Dictionary declared post-truth the word of 2016. But post-truth doesn't change the global, rapid and epically powerful onward march towards a future of ever more reliable, useful and instantly accessible information.
You already know the big driver here: connectivity. Around half the humans on the planet now use a smartphone, and their default setting is: 'Why can't I know anything, instantly?' And that applies to your brand. Indeed, with rising numbers ever more aware that much of the information they receive is filtered, doctored or simply untrue, the demand for accurate information will only intensify.
That's why we see brands innovating around this truth. Such as luxury fashion brand Stella McCartney, who recently pushed brand transparency to new levels by launching environmental impact profit and loss accounting, to quantify and make public its impact on the environment. Or Argentine furniture brand Sudacas, that has built a brand entirely around the idea of live-streaming its entire product manufacturing process. See your bookcase built before your eyes - how's that for transparency?
And, of course, there is no area where consumers are more concerned to know everything about what they are buying and who they are buying it from than when it comes to health and wellness.
Or take a second, hugely powerful truth about our shared future: aspiration. The drive to get ahead, to do better - than the rest, than yourself. To become a better person, and make sure everyone sees it. That impulse is as old as human nature, and ultimately driven by the eternal quest for social status. And it's not going away. Indeed, in 2017 the global aspiration race is only going to become a more powerful force shaping our future - and a more powerful opportunity for brands to leverage.
First, let's talk the size and intensity of the aspiration race. In 2017 that race is only a fraction of the size it will become in the coming decades. That's because of the rapid emergence of a truly global middle class: people across the globe whose basic needs are met and who will turn their attention to the status race. And who are the majority of people joining this new middle class? Hundreds of millions of newly affluent consumers in China and India.
But in 2017 the status race isn't just becoming bigger - it's also becoming more intense. What is the one big driver here? A global brain, so that all 2.5bn people with a smartphone can see that 19-year-old Kylie Jenner just bought her fourth mansion. Comparison is the engine of ambition.
And in affluent markets especially the status race isn't just intensifying - it's morphing into something new. For millions in these markets, symbols of material wealth just don't carry the status weight they once did. The result? Status is becoming less about what I have and more about who I am as a person. Think healthier, smarter, more connected, more creative than the rest. And yes, that shift has been massively amplified by social media, which has turned personal achievement into an instantly shareable currency.
So how can you brand tap into this vastly powerful truth? Fuelling the aspiration race looks different depending on where you're doing it. In Africa, Mastercard recently launched the 2KUZE app to connect East African farmers with agents who want to buy their produce. Meanwhile, in October 2016 we saw WeChat unveil the Ying selfie drone, which pairs with the app and allows social media-obsessed users to live stream their lives to their contacts. How are your customers trying to get ahead? What is their vision of status? If you can innovate around these questions and offer your customers new ways to get ahead and show the world that they're doing just that, you'll be in a good place.
Transparency and aspiration are two powerful truths about our shared future. And the same is true of the other three powerful forces we discuss in our Truthful Consumerism report. Positive impact: the rising expectation that brands should have a positive impact on the environment, society and individual wellness. Tolerance: growing acceptance and celebration of diversity and difference. And empowerment: the epic shift in power away from institutions and towards the individual.
Any one of these five truths about our shared future can make for a hugely powerful locus around which a brand can centre its product or service innovation, its brand strategy and, indeed, its entire strategic thinking. That's because they are powerful forces shaping the way we'll live and think in the decades to come. And, despite the uncertainty of this moment, they're not going away.
So get to know them. And start innovating!
David Mattin
is global head of trends and insights at TrendWatching
From: Marketing
Pharma Brand Planners' Blog (Part 2)
Visualising medicine
Virgo Health targets influencer marketing
Measures for measures
DigitalMR forms partnership with Italian healthcare comms agency
More intelligence
Medical Writer - Healthcare Communications
Scientific Director - Medical Education - Cheshire / London & HOME BASED Opportunities
Unrivalled salary and bonus package on offer
Account Manager to Senior Account Manager
Patient Centred Outcomes Consultant, Home Counties
Communique Awards 2019: Photo Gallery
Amgen and Novartis abandon Alzheimer's drug after worsening symptoms
Von der Leyen elected new European Commission president
Novartis raises 2019 guidance as new products gather speed
New digital director for 90TEN
Elon Musk's NeuraLink applies to trial 'brain-machine interface'
New UK leadership roles at WPP Health Practice
We are Gold! Porterhouse Medical Group is recognised as an 'Investor in People' at the Gold level
bmore group
OUR PROMISE: BETTER HEALTH FROM TRIAL TO TREATMENT.We are a full service, independent network of specialist agencies under one roof....


With years of experience and expertise second to none, we are the UK's leading steel building provider.
As we're part of the largest cold rolled steel building group in the country, you can rest assured that we're a trustworthy brand used by hundreds of people and businesses every single year.
We have one basic philosophy, and that's to provide a simple and easy-to-use buying platform for custom steel buildings. Nothing more, nothing less.
Our buying power allows us to get the best prices possible from manufacturers, and as we're not greedy people, we always aim to pass these savings down the line. We understand how important cost can be to our private and business clients, so we pride ourselves on providing the best possible product for a price that's more than competitive.


At The Dancer's Edge, we offer so much more than weekly dance classes! Schedule a Birthday Party or join us for our monthly Parent's Night Outs!
Let The Dancer's Edge make this your best birthday yet! With a variety of package options, your dancer is guaranteed to have the best time!
Basic Birthday Party Package: We offer a two hour birthday party for up to 16 guests. The Dancer's edge will provide one hour of dance instruction in accordance with your party theme or in the style of your choice to the song of your choice! The instructor will teach your guests dance steps and tricks as well as a dance choreographed just for your party! The second hour is for cake, ice cream, presents - whatever you choose to bring! We invite all parents to return for the last 10 minutes of the party to watch the dance that was learned and to help us celebrate!
Gold Birthday Party Package: In addition to everything offered in our Basic Birthday Party Package, let us take the hassle of planning and decorating off of your hands! You tell us the theme, and we will provide all the decorations and even cake or cupcakes for dessert!
Platinum Birthday Party Package: Want to make your dancer feel extra special on their birthday? This package is for you! Our Platinum Birthday Package includes everything from our Basic & Gold Packages, but with an extra hour of fun! In addition to an hour of dancing and an hour for cake & presents, let us plan a fun craft for the kids to enjoy and take home as a souvenir from the best birthday party ever! All craft materials are included.
Birthday parties are available for dancers of all ages! We have done teenage hip hop parties, toddler princess parties, and everything inbetween! Contact us to reserve your date today!
Each month, The Dancer's Edge offers a Parent's Night Out. For four hours, you are free to go out on the town while the kids enjoy dancing, crafting, pizza, and popcorn & a movie! Each Parent's Night Out has a designated movie and a craft that relates to that movie! Along with the movie and craft, the kids learn a dance choreographed especially for them to a song from the selected movie!
Parent's Night Outs are available for dancers ages 5 years and older! These nights are open to both current studio families as well as non-TDE families! Keep your eye out for our next PNO!


text:
Nicolas Brûlart de Sillery
(Redirected from Nicolas Brulart de Sillery)
This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (March 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Nicolas Brûlart de Sillery in 1605 by Daniel Dumonstier
Nicolas Brûlart de Sillery (1544 – 1 October 1624) was a foreign minister and Lord Chancellor of France.
He was son of Pierre Brulart, seigneur de Berny and Marie Cauchon, dame de Sillery et de Puisieux.
He married Claude Prudhomme on 24 November 1574 and had five daughters and two sons, including Pierre Brûlart, marquis de Sillery , who was Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs from 24 April 1617 to 11 March 1626.
Bernard Barbiche & Ségolène Dainville-Barbiche, Sully, Paris, 1997.
Gédéon Tallemant des Réaux, Historiettes, Paris, 1960, édition révisée et annotée par Antoine Adam.
Pierre Chevallier, Louis XIII, page 690.
Phillipe Tamizey de Larroque, Lettres de Peiresc aux frères Dupuy, paris, 1888, tome 1, page 804.
Suzanne et René Pillorget, France baroque, France Classique, Dictionnaire, Paris, 1995, pages 173 et 174.
Nicolas de Neufville de Villeroy Joint Secretary of State for War & Foreign Affairs
Claude Mangot
Pomponne de Bellièvre Chancellor of France
Guillaume du Vair
SNAC: w6mm6mw0
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_Brûlart_de_Sillery&oldid=903435153"
Secretaries of State for War (France)
French Foreign Ministers
Chancellors of France
17th-century French diplomats
This page was last edited on 25 June 2019, at 17:43 (UTC).


No more than 2 citizen members may be of the same political party.
The secretary for the commission is Gail Murawski.
Initially staggered, then each new appointment is for a 4-year term. Citizen appointees may be removed for cause.


Home » News » Davido's N1m Bum Bum- Nigerian singer twerking on the streets of Los Angeles, California.
Davido's N1m Bum Bum- Nigerian singer twerking on the streets of Los Angeles, California.
Bum Bum birthed a challenge that requires girls to submit dance videos of them shaking their behind with the aim of winning N1 million.
A Nigerian singer and dancer, Korra Obidi Dean, caused quite a stir on social media when she submitted her entry through her Instagram page. In the video, she showed off her twerking skills as she took on the streets of Los Angeles, California.
Many young girls from several parts of the world have submitted entries for the Bum Bum challenge and anyone can tell that Davido might have a tough time picking the winner.


If Xingshu wins the fight, the player controlling Xingshu will win 1 Life points multiplied by the number of the round in which Xingshu has won.
"Why is it broken? You guys never Skeelz played at all. They're the forgotten clan of UR. Jautya Brody Zhu Tang can do better than this"
They are affected by soa/sob. This monster just laughs at it and rolls through anyways.
Easy 10/10, the hype is justified.
Ok so Skeelz have needed a nuke for a long, long, long time! Ever since our old mate Greem left ELO in fact! Not only does Xingshu fulfil this lacking role, she absolutely destroys the spot and rapes it fifty times with her paintbrush.
I won't lie, Xingshu is amazingly overpowered and it's thanks to a few reasons.
This card is flawless and insane!
Oh, you wanted a good Skeelz card for ELO?
Well... you got one aaaaaand it just got ELO banned.
Congrats, your ELO ban is justified, with the reason being that this card is a total Tank which can inadvertedly turn a battle and make it a win(even if it is against a DR, at round 4 she can still make a 5 life gap(1 damage + 4 Life). Her Bonus makes it almost IMPOSSIBLE to SOA her(Unless you have a SOA & SOB card like Leviatonn , Curlix and Shakra(with Shakra and Curlix being SITUATIONAL cards, one with Reprisal and the other with Courage)).
This card is also MEGA EXCEPTIONAL in the fact that you can bluff with it AND cause your opponent to pill away in a large sum of scenarios.
Overall, this card is not only ANNOYING, BUT in combination with other Skeelz cards like Dr. Falkenstein, Sasha, Beck - Nena , Redra and Plunk can turn a game around if you either overpill or deadpill.
10/10 and it's justified that she be ELO banned.
How long has it been since we've seen a Time and Space student? I'd be happy to see more blue uniforms.
Can someone explain why she is elo banned when Chiara Cr isn't?
I thought DOUNIA CR was the perfect example of high price manipulation by a small group.
Well what can i say i was the first one to predict that she was going to win miss Clint City 2015. Congrats Xingshu and also DeeAmo.She desrved it.
Still one of the best cards in the game. Still owning.
After using this card a bit, I'm quite pleased with it. Not only does it fill the spot of a 4* life gain for Skeelz, it makes Aylen feel almost obsolete. Not only does this card have the power to win, but in part of its ability, it's most dangerous late rounds, making your opponent be cautious about how they spend their pillz for the rest of the match. Just beware of poison and high damage decks, because they may put a larger life gap than Xingshu can deal with, which can be a real problem.
• DRs still hurt, and they can prevent you from making that last gap you need to win.
• Beware Attack and Power manipulation, they can shut this card down hard.
• Often a pill heavy investment, which can remove what you may want to win other rounds, especially if you have another large gapper like Logan, or you need to beat one of theirs out with Professor Falkenstein or Belgosi.
9/10- Solid Card, Brilliant Ability, Not Overpowered.
Well, i really shouldn't have to buy her... we know that she will face ELO permaban sooner or later like almost all the other cards that can safely open a very large life gap.


Being a part of BodySpace means different things to everyone. For Tabitha, it's a living network, and she helps it breathe.
Ultimate Goal: Compete in the Olympia in Bikini or eventually figure.
BodySpace is home to athletes from all walks of life. Many of us are regular folks just looking to improve our physiques, score some self-confidence and live healthier.
While our beloved social network levels the playing field, gives everyone equal access, we still love to feature the biggest, strongest, most athletic, beautiful, gifted and advancing people of BodySpace.
This month we introduce you to Tabitha Klausen-Leandri, a 3-year pro on the IFBB circuit and a fixture on BodySpace since 2006!
This statuesque beauty loves her leg workouts and she threw the javelin in school.
Learn more from this splendid mixture of female elegance and enduring strength … congratulations Tabitha!
I have always enjoyed being active. I was a hyper child. I would go to my local gym with my girlfriends. I just didn't know what I was doing.
I had a friend who had been lifting since he was 14 show me a few things in the gym and that guy became my "trainer" and eventually my husband!
He helped me overcome my eating disorders and realize starving myself, working out, and taking fat burners was doing absolutely nothing for me and introduced me to a proper diet.
I have changed my ENTIRE life since I decided to start eating healthy and lifting seriously.I became a certified trainer, fitness model, started competing and turned into an IFBB Pro!
My whole life revolves around bettering myself, helping others become healthy through personal training and competing.
My husband introduced me to BodySpace. He would constantly be checking his profile and putting up pictures as well as motivational blogs. I was like "What are you doing on there, you are obsessed!"
He kept telling me how great it was and I finally decided to make a profile. Before long I too was hooked on BodySpace! I was so excited to find a place where my husband and I were accepted and supported in our fitness lifestyle!
Take us back … how did it feel to win your pro card?
I was in kind of a shock! At first I was a little disappointed that I didn't win my class, but then I was like, "Hey I won my freaking Pro card, I am an IFBB Pro!"
BodySpace has given me the support from other members and the motivation from looking at their progress pictures or seeing physiques I wanted to attain.
It is funny hearing people say they want to aspire to achieve my physique, now, because I can remember saying that to people on BodySpace I would look at DAILY for motivation!
I love uploading my progress pics, and going through them and seeing the changes in my body from when I joined BodySpace. I also enjoy looking at other BodySpace member's transformations! It motivates me!
My favorite muscle group to train is my legs. I train my hamstrings twice per week, but I do a full leg workout once.
For each exercise I do two heavy sets of 10-to-12 reps.
Immediately following the second set I do a drop set (I lower the weight and perform 10-to-12 additional reps, to failure).
You've been on BodySpace for a long time, how do you stay motivated for the long term?
I stay motivated by always looking to better myself. Competing and looking my best for my shows is a huge motivator.
If I need a boost I will change up my workout, look at people who inspire me, or download some new music to my iPod!
When I first started training I was getting over my eating disorders. I had a great "trainer" who knew what he was doing, (my husband) but I wasn't eating barely anything. I was working out, and I was drinking energy "fat-loss" drinks. I was killing myself!
With support from my husband, I battled my eating disorders and began fueling my body with healthy foods that would give me energy and help me build muscle for the physique I wanted.
Are you bothered by some of the stereotypes of bikini models? What can you do to offset those opinions?
I used to get upset by negative comments, but then I realized that those people knew nothing about me and were negative and ignorant. I am proud of what I've overcome and of who I am today.
People tell me I inspire and motivate them and that's what really means a lot to me. I want positive people in my life and to be a positive influence on others.
I work very hard, and I think people see that now from online videos I've done over the years.
I love taking my CytoSport supplements. I have wheat/gluten/lactose intolerances and the products I use in their different product lines are free of these ingredients and don't upset my stomach!
A healthy diet, hard training, great supplementation, and proper recovery and sleep are the keys to getting the body you want. You just have to find the right combination for you!
Too many times I have clients who neglect one or most of these things and can't understand why they are not getting the results they look to achieve!
I listen to everything except for classical and bluegrass! Haha, really anything that pumps me up and motivates me. Right now some of my favorite artists are My Darkest Days, Theory of a Deadman, and Otherwise.
I have never found a more supportive and inspiring health and fitness environment than on BodySpace. You can meet people who are going or have gone through similar transformations, who have the same fitness interests, who have the same fitness goals, or who can inspire you!
It is an online family of like-minded people and it's awesome to have them on your journey to a better healthier lifestyle!
I would like to say thank you to them for inspiring me on my own personal fitness journey! A few people I followed who motivated me the most were Ava Cowan, ChickenTuna, and Jamie Eason.
I would look at their pictures and pray that I could look like them or be where they were one day. I loved watching Ava's videos well before she was huge in the industry. She had everything down, diet, training, and AMAZING abs!
As a personal trainer, how does BodySpace help you?
When I wanted to become a trainer, I had no idea how to get certified or what certification to get. I was able to talk to certified trainers on BodySpace and figure out what was best for me.
I have also found training clients from BodySpace. They can see the progress I've made and see my achievements and qualifications even before talking to me.
They are either local to me and found me through BodySpace or they are long-distance and we do online training.
BodySpace's format has changed, but it still remains the supportive fitness community that I love!
I would like to thank Bodybuilding.com for choosing me as their member of the month. It means a great deal to me, because honestly BodySpace has changed not just my life, but my husband's as well.
We found a very supportive place to talk about and learn more about what we love, and to show our hard work to people who appreciate, understand and encouraged us. We are forever thankful to BodySpace!
I Have a Facebook fan page under Tabitha Klausen. I am also on Twitter and Instagram with the username Tabifit.


A response to "Net Neutrality. No big deal." | There's Waldo!
I don't think you've got Bryan's point 100% . My understanding is that those companies obviously pretend to defend Net Neutrality, while on the other hand they lobbied to have DRM accepted as a web standard. *Both* positions are incompatible: you cannot be credible if you defend net neutrality and push DRM — the latter of which is *not* in favour of N.N. Bryan's point simply is: we are being manipulated. While we fight for N. N. we're kept away on DRM.


This week's addition to the Aquaman Art Gallery comes from the Tumblr Take Up Your Scythe, by a fellow named Doctor Disaster. Of all the new versions of the JLA, I dig the Aquaman one the most--he seems like he'd fit right in with Big Jim's P.A.C.K., especially with the hook-for-a-hand accessory!
Cute art style, too--well done, Doctor Disaster!
Actually, it looks like "Doctor Disaster" snagged this from cartoonist David Willis. The characters are from his online comic, Shortpacked!
doctor disaster is more than a little bit awesome, but this was a reblog of a reblog of a reblog. what christopher mills said.


At a time when older generations are tightening their purse strings, adventure-hungry millennials are spending more on travel than ever.
Unsurprisingly, it's OTAs that are seeing most of this increased spending, with data revealing that more than 50% of travellers aged 18- 35 book their trips through sites like Expedia and Travelocity.
Although it's frustrating to lose out on all this direct business, it's important to remember that millennials have no real sense of loyalty to the online travel agents. What they do favour is convenience.
So, how can you tailor your property's website to capture more direct bookings from this lucrative market segment? Here are 5 strategies you can start working on today.
It's no shocker: millennials do the majority of their travel research on their smartphones. 64% of them are happy to book on one too, according to a Google travel study.
Obviously, having a mobile presence is essential no matter which generation you're trying to target, but if your mobile strategy isn't up to scratch you're really going to lose out on direct bookings from younger travellers.
How easy is your website to navigate on mobile?
Is it easy to find important information?
Are the room photos and information optimised for a small screen?
Just as with other groups, reading the opinions of other travellers is a fundamental part of the holiday planning process for millennials. However, where this group differs is in their strong preference for feedback and comments from their peers and wider networks via social media.
There's no escaping the fact that millennials are social creatures, so ensuring your hotel's social strategy is on point is crucial.
Facebook is particularly influential among this generation of travellers so be sure to take advantage of the platform's full range of features to engage your audience and drive them to your website, paying particular attention to video content, real time communication via Facebook Messenger for Business and high quality visuals.
Millennials are super savvy when it comes to finding the best deals on the web, with nearly 90% searching around for the lowest room prices before committing to a booking. With this in mind, your website needs to be designed with room features and prices displayed prominently to aid quick and easy price comparison at a glance.
Don't forget to take into consideration where the bulk of your guests are coming from. If your hotel's website only displays prices in AUD when a significant portion of travel researchers are looking in GBP, you could easily derail a direct booking at the final hurdle.
Everyone finds a poor user experience frustrating, but millennials are particularly intolerant when it comes to clunky navigation, slow page load speeds and other usability issues.
To smooth out niggles like these; you can use a site such as UserTesting to see how well your website performs for a specific demographic.
Since millennials are highly influenced by the opinions of friends and family, it makes sense to encourage as much user generated content for your hotel's social profiles as possible. Whether it's by including a gallery on your website that guests can add to, by displaying your best reviews prominently or by running contests on social media which link back to your website, the more you can get your audience to do some of your marketing legwork for you, the more authentic and appealing your brand will appear in the eyes of millennial travellers.
Millennials are an audience segment that is ready and willing to spend more on travel. What is your hotel doing to engage this valuable demographic? Let us know in the comments below!
- Voice Search Is Taking Over: Is Your Hotel Ready To Adapt?


Due to the overwhelming demand, we ran out of TraqData Pro GoPro Camera Interface Modules shortly after they debuted.
We also have a fresh lot of the latest GoPro HERO2 cameras ready for shipment.
Previous PostTraqDash 2.05 Software Update & Classic CompleteNext PostTraqmate on Top Gear USA!


Good question. I was wondering the same. Also curious how far the 72Whr battery sticks out. Can't seem to find a picture of what it would look like with the larger battery configuration.
The spec sheet. Weight is lower left.


* 2. What caused you to call Brandstetter's Kanga Roof?
* 4. Was the Brandstetter's Kanga Roof representative punctual during your transaction?
* 5. Was your home and/or business transaction completed in a timely fashion?
* 6. Were you satisfied with the final result of the work performed by Brandstetter's Kanga Roof?
* 7. How likely is it that you would recommend Brandstetter's Kanga Roof to a friend or colleague?
* 8. Your feedback is important to us! If we could have made your experience a more enjoyable one, please let us know in the comment field below.
* 9. Please provide us with your email address.


text:
An excellent aid at GIPF
Moresia van Wyk is the executive admin assistant to the general manager of marketing and stakeholder engagement.
26 November 2021 | Gebeure
Wetumwene Shikage
PULL QUOTE: "I know our departmental core objectives thoroughly and assist everyone else within our department to achieve their goals."
As an executive admin assistant, Moresia van Wyk assists the general manager of marketing and stakeholder engagement at the Government Institutions Pension Fund (GIPF) with his tasks and daily duties and the rest of the team with whatever they need to have a smooth work flow. She said it is a privilege to have worked with great coworkers.
"I am very lucky and privileged to work with people who gave me lots of chances and opportunities to grow by allowing me to travel a lot. I attend training, workshops and seminars to better myself as a person and to be the best employee that I can be. From 2003, I grew a lot in my work responsibilities," she said.
Van Wyk was born in Windhoek in the Katutura suburb. Her family moved to Khomasdal and she attended Gammams Primary School, Ella Du Plessis High School and Dawid Bezuidenhoudt High School and then studied further at the Namibia University of Science and Technology (NUST).
Her first job was at Namibia Electroplating Works for six months, followed by the Nigerian High Commission for four years. She then moved to the Namibia Agronomic Board for eight years.
Van Wyk shares her daily duties as a full diary which keep her busy throughout the day.
"I first check the diary of our general manager for any meetings or assistance. I still work with a manual diary to write down my to-do list. I start with the tasks that I transferred from the previous day before I attend to the new jobs of the day.
"Most of the time my day starts with other duties and I do not even look at my to-do list. My day-to-day work depends sometimes on the need of my colleagues," she said.
The years at GIPF have given her time to adopt to the norms and cultures of the company where the departmental culture is family and excellence. She adopted to the daily execution of efficient work while being empathetic to colleagues and the fund's members.
One great accomplishment Van Wyk shares is that she is the mother and heart of the department she now works in.
Over the years, Van Wyk has learnt some lessons which allow her daily progression and growth in her career. She said one of the greatest lessons learnt is that time is not on our side and added that respect towards others, no matter their qualification or background, is essential.
"If you are in a senior position, make a difference in people's lives. You are placed in that position for a reason ,which is to make a difference. The earth is round and if you don't do that when you have the chance, future generations will have to pay the price of your actions," she said.
1 uur gelede | Toerisme
Lande omseil Interpol as Namibië uitlewerings soek
Kenya Kambowe op Rundu – Terwyl die Namibiese polisiehoof, lt.genl. Sebastian Ndeitunga, die Internasionale Kriminele Polisie-organisasie (Interpol) as behulpsaam beskou, vertel 'n plaaslike polisieondersoekbeampte 'n...


text:
Business Commentary
Cracking down on corruption: Why Ottawa and corporations shouldn't stop trying
Brian Milner
Published May 27, 2019 Updated May 27, 2019
This article was published more than 1 year ago. Some information in it may no longer be current.
Daniel Zender/The Globe and Mail
The Canadian contractor offered a simple explanation for failing to win a lucrative piece of an infrastructure deal that would have marked his company's first foray into a rising Asian market. The successful bidder, he told me, "brought a bigger suitcase."
That was more than 30 years ago, when I was interviewing business people about their experiences in emerging markets. Often, the key to their success depended on knowing where the bribes had to go. Everyone understood this was the cost of doing business. Today, despite stiffer penalties in a slew of exporting countries and politicians' repeated vows to stamp out homegrown corruption, remarkably little has changed. The fact remains that if you're planning on doing business in a large swath of the developing world, you still face the prospect of dealing with official corruption, endemic bribery and a distinct lack of legal safeguards.
It's outrageous that so little has been done to stamp out an ancient scourge that inflicts so much economic damage on poor countries: inflating costs, reducing competition, hurting investment, sowing public distrust and increasing political instability. And as the SNC-Lavalin affair shows, relying on bribery as a business strategy can come back years later to haunt the corporations involved, damaging company reputations, scaring off investors and preventing access to public contracts.
The World Bank, which has barred SNC-Lavalin and hundreds of other firms from bidding on any of its projects, pegs the total amount of business bribes being paid annually at $1 trillion or more. Other experts say the figure may be less than half that. But it still adds up to vast sums that could have been earmarked for far more productive investments capable of generating real longer-term benefits for the companies involved and the markets in which they operate.
We're not talking here of the countless small payments required in many parts of the world to get permits stamped, speed goods through customs or improve relations with local police—what Russians call podmazyvat, or grease. The serious damage stems from the huge bribes public officials demand to secure rich contracts, extract natural resources, keep plants operating and squeeze out rivals.
Ottawa has long insisted it takes a zero-tolerance approach to Canadian companies engaging in this sort of behaviour abroad.
But that's not what the evidence shows. Last September, in its most recent assessment of how governments that have committed to tackling foreign bribery are faring, global watchdog Transparency International gave Canada a lower grade on enforcement of its own laws than it earned in its previous report card in 2015.
Plenty of other governments have considerable room for improvement, as a string of remarkable scandals has underscored.
Half of the nations examined, including China, India, Mexico, Japan and such European Union stalwarts as Spain, Ireland and Denmark, do little or nothing to prosecute offenders.
One country doing a better job of cleaning up its house is Brazil, thanks to a long-running anti-corruption probe known as Operação Lava Jato (Operation Car Wash).
Investigators uncovered a vast web of bribery and money laundering involving state oil giant Petrobras, prominent construction and engineering companies, and the country's major political parties. Dozens of executives, officials and politicians have been indicted and convicted. But the skulduggery extended far beyond Brazil's borders and included one scheme so audacious it left prosecutors awestruck.
Brazilian construction powerhouse Odebrecht SA and Braskem, its petrochemical venture, admitted in 2016 to dispersing nearly US$800 million in bribes to leading politicians, officials, executives with state-controlled enterprises, bankers, advisers and various fixers to score more than 100 deals in a dozen emerging countries in Latin America and Africa. In Brazil alone, Odebrecht made illicit payments to 26 political parties and 400-plus politicians, including nearly a third of the country's senators. "It makes the Watergate scandal look like a couple of kids playing in a sandbox," the lead prosecutor told the BBC last year.
The U.S. Justice Department teamed up with Brazilian and Swiss authorities to extract a guilty plea and a record fine of US$3.5 billion. Disgraced CEO Marcelo Odebrecht, whose grandfather founded the company in 1944, served two years of a 19-year prison stretch before reaching a deal to tell all in exchange for a reduced term—spent under house arrest at his elegant São Paulo mansion. Among those he implicated was Brazil's then president Michel Temer.
Former Peruvian president Alan Garcia killed himself in April when police arrived at his home to arrest him in connection with the scandal. Three other former presidents are under investigation. Ecuador's vice-president got a six-year prison term.
Other multinational miscreants may not have achieved that level of organized crime, but their cases are still eye-popping. In 2017, Italian prosecutors indicted Royal Dutch Shell, plus Italian oil and gas major Eni SpA, its CEO, his predecessor and other executives of both companies for allegedly paying about US$1.1 billion in bribes in 2011 through a Nigerian company controlled by Dan Etete, a former oil minister.
Etete, a convicted money launderer, allegedly doled out a chunk of the loot to then president Goodluck Jonathan and other senior government officials. For helping a handful of Nigerians with their retirement plans, the European companies gained exclusive control of a huge undeveloped offshore oil field. The government ended up receiving only US$200 million for the licence. A watchdog group claims Nigeria will lose billions in potential revenue because the deal makes no provision for royalty payments. The oil giants have denied any wrongdoing, although Shell learned in March that it will also face charges in the Netherlands.
So much of the world has run for so long on the fuel of bribery that it's hard to see it ever being eliminated. But that doesn't mean governments and corporations should stop trying.
The toxic tide could at least be stemmed if more of the 44 countries that have signed on to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development's 20-year-old anti-bribery convention did a better job of bridging the yawning gap between the tough laws on their books and their less-than-stellar enforcement records.
A good start in Canada and elsewhere would be devoting considerably more resources to both the pursuit and prosecution of alleged offenders.
Although such cases are notoriously complicated, time-consuming and costly, they're worth the trouble. Making it too risky for corporations to turn to bribery might dissuade politicians from making graft part of their playbooks. Who knows? They might even discover there are advantages to running countries with stronger growth, higher per capita incomes, increased foreign investment and healthier domestic competition.
In order to regain public trust, SNC-Lavalin will have to show evidence of its new character
SNC-Lavalin's probable exodus from Canada is a national shame
Canada risks losing face globally if it cuts SNC-Lavalin a deal
Follow us on Twitter @globebusiness Opens in a new window