I've been in a fairly deep funk about vegetable gardening lately. There are times when I just want to rip everything out and throw it in the compost and give up trying to grow vegetables. If I could just flip a switch that would turn off the compulsive desire to grow good beautiful things to eat I would do so without hesitation right now. Why, I keep asking myself, can't I just be like a normal person and leave the work and the heartache of growing food to someone else.
Every time I find new destruction wrought by some effing rodent it sends me into a tailspin.
I've been in a lot of tailspins.
The neighbors within earshot must think I'm off my rocker. "She's screaming at the rodents again!"
Oh please, put me out of my misery.
As I spin down into a sea of frustration and anger I still can't stop myself from grabbing at ideas of ways to thwart the DR's with plans of ever more elaborate systems of protection. Egads. Enough already! And yet, and yet, there's another 100 foot roll of hardware cloth that just got delivered.
Sigh. DEEP SIGH. I don't grow veggies to save $$$.
But because I don't have an OFF switch for fanatical vegetable gardening I have to reevaluate what I can grow and the lengths to which I will go to protect whatever ends up in the garden. I can't stop gardening but I will not make it easy for the DAMN RODENTS to find their next gourmet veggie treats.
First step. What are the favorites? Not mine, the pertinent question is what do the RODENTS love to eat.
What does that leave that hasn't been attacked yet.
Just because something hasn't been attacked yet doesn't mean that given the opportunity and a lack of more tasty targets that just about anything edible will be on the hit list. But, as I've indicated, what's not on the rodent hit list is not necessarily free from the attentions of birds so I have to consider that too.
What on the rodent/bird favorites list can be protected in a fairly reasonable manner. Or perhaps I should start with what can't be protected in a fairly reasonable manner.
So, not worth the effort.
anything too tall to grow in a cage.
So, what is or should be easy to grow in my hardware cloth tunnel cages.
Things that can be grown in individual hardware cloth cages.
Things that might be safe to grow "free"
There's just no way that I can anticipate just what will or won't be targets for DR consumption. (Aeoniums? really? yes!) So it's been a learning process as the DR's keep switching targets.
So, here are my latest schemes to keep the DR's away from my veggies. It involves a lot of hardware cloth.
One of the first lessons I learned in my battles with the rodents is to not wait until the destruction begins to put up de fences (ha ha, get it? defenses... sorry). Reams and reams of hardware cloth fences. The second lesson is that the fences are only as good as the gaps that you leave in them. Trust me, if the DR's know that there's something good on the other side of the fence they will find the gaps. And if there are no gaps they will dig their way in. And if they can't dig their way in they will climb in.
I'll start with my attempt to protect the peppers. I'm going with a 2 layer system for the pepper bed. First a short fence that is stapled to the inside of the bed. All the way around with NO GAPS. At the other end of the bed where it crosses on top of the soil there's about 12 inches that covers the soil beyond the perimeter of de fence.
The next step will be to put up a second layer that will overlap the first layer and extend the fence up to about 2 1/2 feet. That layer will be in removable panels so that I (and hopefully only I) will be able to easily reach into the bed to harvest the peppers. The biggest issue with barriers, aside from cost, is that they must keep the critters out but I must be able to have fairly easy access otherwise it's too much of a hassle to harvest or plant things.
I'm growing some bush dry beans in another bed. I put up a similar system for them, although the sections of hardware cloth running through the center of the bed are buried 6 inches deep in the soil. The panels that will run along the outside edges of the bed will be attached more securely because I shouldn't have to get access to the plants until it's time to pull the plants to harvest the dry beans. I only put one row of beans into the space to allow them room to sprawl inside the enclosed area. I've learned that cramming too many bean plants into a restricted area just invites disease and insect pest problems. At the moment the beans are under cloches to protect them from birds and climbing rodents. My plan is to eventually cover the area with some lightweight fabric or mesh.
Earlier this year the broccoli, cabbage, Tronchuda Beira, and broccolini plants were attacked even though they were in a bed protected by a hardware cloth barrier. That was when I learned that the rodents WILL find the smallest gap in a barrier that they can fit through. It's also when I learned that they WILL dig their way under a barrier. They WILL climb over a barrier. And I learned that they don't like the taste of spicy peppers.
This week I managed to harvest a head of broccoli in that bed. The plant was protected by a ring of hardware cloth and I had liberally sprinkled the plant and surrounding area with hot pepper powder. (This year I'm growing a couple of full heat Habaneros just so that I can have an extra spicy rodent deterring pepper powder). The problem with pepper powder is that the rain washes it off the plants so it's not useful here in the winter. Once the winter rainy season is over though it's long lasting and easy to wash off at harvest time.
I have learned which rodents like what veggies mainly by what I've trapped in proximity to damaged plants. Last year it was voles in the corn patch. In the past it's been tree rats in the tomato vines. The latest was a roof or Norway rat (I can't tell the difference) in the collards (the barrier climber). And I have no idea what the mice are munching. I'm really tempted to get a critter cam that can take night shots so that I can see what is scurrying around where in the garden. It does help to know which rodents are attacking what because different traps are more or less effective at trapping different rodents.
So, my rodent woes are why I've not been posting lately. It's just been so frustrating and depressing that I've lost interest in writing about it. But until I find that elusive OFF switch that will transform me from a vegetable gardening fanatic to a normal person I will continue to try to grow good things to eat and my blog will continue to be the place where I try to record both the good and the bad about my veggie garden.
Enough of this, I need to get out to the garden and wrestle more hardware cloth into place.
Well, yeah, I kinda expected this since you were so quiet. You are persistent. But then so are the animals. I can't understand why you get attacked so often. There must not be any other gardens in your vicinity. The fight only seems worthwhile once you sit down to eat the goodies when you can. Otherwise it is so discouraging. Don't know what to say except that others can read and profit from your problems and solutions. Lots of love to you.
Jane, thank you so much, I deeply appreciate your kind words. I guess I am persistent, or just plain stupid, maybe it's the same thing. I do understand why I get attacked so much, it's because I've set up an all you can eat gourmet buffet on the edge of a rather stressed natural habitat and the hungry critters know a good thing when they find it. I keep reminding myself that I am so fortunate that my garden is not crucial to my survival. Unlike a lot of people in the world when my garden fails to produce I can just go buy what I need. It still doesn't take the disappointment out of seeing hard work and investments of time and money destroyed overnight. Bleh.
Oh my, non-gardeners just don't 'get' this - that compulsive need to grow things! It's sooo hard to let go of that urge. I often think in another life I was a farmer but then I realize I AM one in this life! I wonder if the critter cam might actually be a good idea, to see the perps in action. Though it sounds like you know many of the ways they get to your crops. I hope you find some workable solutions, or at least come to a happy and peaceful spot where you can enjoy growing things.
Wow! I suppose that we here shouldn't grumble about the slugs and wood pigeons (but we will). You certainly do have to go to extremes.
Well, I certainly am grateful that I don't have to battle slugs and wood pigeons in addition to the rodents!
It makes me sad how your garden is such a battleground. But I understand the drive to grow things. There's just so many varieties of peppers and tomatoes out there that aren't even available at markets. Plus the world of greens is just massive. I hope things get better for you soon.
Thank you Phuong. I too am hoping things get better or at least that they don't get worse. There are so many vegetables that really are not possible to enjoy unless you grow them yourself and that's what really irks me, the lost opportunities to try some of those special things. But still I try to remind myself that in the big scheme of things that those are luxuries, I'm in no danger of going hungry.
sounds like you need to just build a giant garden cage top to bottom and put raised beds inside of it. What a bummer. And yes, only us gardeners understand the compulsion to grow and grow more! And fight the pests!
I have fantasies of building that giant cage. Crazy. But for now it remains a fantasy. We will continue on gardening in the face of pests, diseases, foul weather, and whatever else can go wrong. It's time to look at how full the glass is and shrug off the empty part.
"Why can't I just be like a normal person"...that bit resonated so much I laughed out loud when I read it. Once you have the bug (as in the gardening bug), it's damn near impossible to get rid of it.
Oh boy, Michelle - I'm aghast at the list of rodent loves....it's twice as long as the other list - argh!! I'm with you on fencing FIRST - the dang rabbits found every little gap to ravage the veg only AFTER they had their first taste. Best to not let them know what they are missing so they don't try as hard to get in.
I have my fingers crossed that your enhanced fortifications will result in more food for you and less for the rodents. Hopefully you are able to find a combination of crops/defenses that will once again turn your garden into a pleasure rather than a source of frustration.
Awwwwww!!! I know exactly how it feels to be discouraged and yes, I have the "bug" too!! There is so much to grow and only so much room and water! :-) We have to haul our water where we live so my husband used to get by with getting water once every couple weeks now he's hauling every few days. I had stopped gardening for a long, long time due to critters. First it was the birds and the cottontail bunnies and the round-tailed ground squirrels. I finally had my garden fenced on all sides and the top with chicken wire and steel panels on the sides as well. The gophers finally did me in. I don't know for sure how long I didn't garden, maybe 6 or more years!? This past October my husband put together a garden area for me as an anniversary gift and I have been having such a wonderful time with my garden. I am always bracing myself for the critters! I am not sure why they haven't found my garden although one of our cats is a mighty hunter who eats what he catches so maybe that is partly why. I just found your blog today and would love to do something similar in listing what I have growing and how much we've harvested. I have been tracking my squash yields and once a month video tape my garden and put on YouTube. I've subscribed to your Feedburner so I'll visit again. We are in similar zones - I'm in 9a in Southern Arizona.
6 years!? I don't know that I could go that long without gardening. My critter woes started with gophers and moles which is why I had my big box beds built, they're all lined with 1/4-inch mesh hardware cloth to keep the gophers and moles out. Little did I know that the bunnies, rats, mice, and voles would take up the slack. Bunnies aren't a problem since I beefed up the garden fence with hardware cloth but it hasn't stopped the rodents.
Good luck with your critters. Oh, it is handy to have a cat with good hunting skills. One of my cats is retired from hunting duties, he's almost 17 and stays inside now, but in his day we called him the "Rodenator". He even caught a number of bunnies.
Hopefully I'll have TONS o tomatoes to share! Plants doing well SO far... knock on wood... though one TOTALLY just up & disappeared (?) .. there's some limited gopher activity... but usually the tops are left ... plus sooo far no holes around the tomatoes... knock on wood!!
Regarding your rats... have NO IDEA if this would work ... but have you looked into electric fences? They sound like they're pretty inexpensive... don't know if they'd help with the digging part... but there MUST be a way??
I am so happy to hear the the tomatoes are doing well. I fantasized about electric fences at one time but it never went beyond that. But just today I doused my squash and cucumber plants with HOT pepper spray and powder because SOMETHING has been munching on the squash vines and it wasn't an insect or bird. Hopefully that will do the trick otherwise it's either more hardware cloth or the compost bin. I will not share with rodents. No way. Period. Not if I can help it.
I don't veg garden because of the rodents (gophers, moles, voles) keeping my plants in the bulls eye. Deer also invade (here in AG). BUT I do try to keep waterwise plants around, and that means natives and Mediterranean stuff growing so we don't look completely hardscaped over. I go out every morning and survey what's still here and count my gopher traps to make sure all six are still "producing." This should be called the Year of the Gopher.


Model Train Print Media Discuss magazine articles and features.
I was going to get the book by Dave Frary, How to build realistic Model railroad scenery. I see there are 3 editions, is one edition better than the others besides the last one being newer? Are they just editied versions of each other or is the last edition show better more up to date techniques?
I have only the first edition, and it's a very good book on the subject. The second and third editions are most likely updated versions and may contain a bit more material, possibly including some newer techniques such as the use of extruded insulation foam board as a scenery base. That wasn't used in the hobby when the first edition was written. I suggest you get the third edition. It will have the most advice, including any new stuff.
I did end up getting the book, it is well written and has alot of great ideas.
Its a very good book. Dave is a scenery master. I have the first and now third edition. The latest just has more intuitive techniques. You'll love the book.


Sam (short for Samson, not Samuel), picked up the stein of beer he had just paid for, gave it an initial taste to savor the taste, and then followed with a gulp. He enjoyed his beer in the evening after a hard day of work.
He took a quick look around the bar, searching for faces he knew. He wasn't much of a talker, but he loved to sit with friends and just be there.
Today, however, he saw a man he didn't know sitting alone at one of the high tables, an empty stein in front of him. The only conclusion one could come to—and as usual, Sam came to it quickly—was that the man was wearing high quality clothes, but had been wearing the same ones for at least a couple of days. He was alone at the table, and he looked alone, absolutely alone.
Sam walked over to the table. "Hi. I'm Sam. Can I buy you a refill?" he asked.
The man looked back blankly, like he didn't understand the question. Sam just stood there. He figured the man would figure it out in his own time.
After what seemed like a couple of minutes, the man nodded and kind of pushed the stein over. It didn't look very polite, but Sam didn't care. Without knowing why, he sensed that was about all the man could do.
He went to the bar, got the man's drink refilled, paid, and went back to the table. As he sat down, he remembered what his pastor had said in church the past Sunday. He'd talked about being a witness, introducing people to Jesus. "Witness" didn't make much sense to Sam. He understood introducing people to Jesus, but he could never figure out how you did it. If Jesus was one of his normal friends, he'd take him to one of his friends and say, "Hey Bob, meet Jesus." Then he'd just sit there quietly and people would talk. He just couldn't quite get to those intellectual things people kept saying about Jesus.
Sam wasn't stupid. In fact, the pastor reminded him regularly that he wasn't. He'd talk about different skills, different ways minds worked, and how he, the pastor, couldn't build a house the way Sam could. "I'd be a real fool on a building site," he'd say. Then he'd bring up some complex topic that Sam couldn't understand (and didn't want to), and Sam would smile and move on. Trouble was, he thought, the pastor was never on a building site where Sam could talk studs, joists, fasteners and such-like, while Sam was in church every Sunday where he heard about long words that never meant anything to him.
Jesus was his friend. In fact, Jesus was his best friend. Jesus didn't talk to him and he didn't talk to Jesus. They just sat together. Sam liked it that way.
"Hey Jesus," he said, looking slightly upward, "thanks for the beer!" He paused a moment as he grabbed a pretzel. "And for the pretzels too," he added. For some reason, Sam handed the pretzel to the man across the table. Neither of them offered another word.
"May I join you?" said someone.
Both men looked to the side. Between them was a man, probably a construction worker, they thought. His hands were calloused. His clothes were the sort you wore on a building site, and they showed signs of wear and the dirt and dust of a work site.
"Sure," said Sam. The other man just nodded at the newcomer.
"Get you a beer?" asked Sam.
"Sure, thanks," he responded. His voice was the voice of the construction site as well.
With the beer delivered, they all three sat in silence for several minutes, nursing their beers slowly.
The man jerked, startled. Then he just stared.
His stare got more intense, as though he was in a state of shock.
"I can't." The man spoke for the first time. "I used my last money on my first beer. I only have this one because Sam here bought it for me. I have nothing left." His tone indicated that by "nothing" he was talking about more than money.
"If you try, I think you'll find you have the resources," said the stranger. Then he got up.
For no reason he could imagine, Sam reached into his wallet and pulled out a twenty. He put it on the table in front of his new friend. Almost as if by magic several other bills joined it as people from around the room stepped up to contribute.
None of them knew why they did it either. They just knew that Sam was solid. If he thought the man needed the money, the man needed the money.


The frequentist approach, familiar to anyone who follows the news of clinical trials, measures the likelihood of an observed result having occurred by chance. That 'just by accident' possibility is the null hypothesis, and is usually realized in clinical studies by giving a placebo to some of the trial participants for comparison. Results are expressed as a 'P value', with (for example) a P of 0.01 meaning that if the trial were repeated over and over, only one per cent of those studies would show an equivalent result (or better) for the placebo as compared to the drug treatment.
Bayesian statistics, though, don't address the likelihood that your observed results might have come out by random chance, but rather give you a likelihood of whether your initial hypothesis is true. (Ironically, that's what many lay people think that's what the standard approach does). That likelihood is compared to some initial hypothesis, which doesn't have to be the just-by-accident null one. In fact, you can start with more than one hypothesis and compare things as you go along. One consequence of that setup is that Bayesian trial designs allow you to use the data that comes in to modify the trial while it's still going on. That's basically forbidden under the standard statistical approach, where the design and end points of the study have to be decided up front.


SEIU bullies were beaten at their own game!
Free speech doesn't give a free pass to negligent journalism that ruins an innocent person's life. There is an accountability. AND... SEIU slayer and author of "Devil at Our Doorstep", David Bego talks about union tactics against innocent Americans and business owners who don't do what they say.


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text:
Message Boards > Localities > North America > United States > States > Michigan > Counties > St. Joseph > DEARMAN, Harry A., died Jan. 22, 1995
St. Joseph - Family History & Genealogy Message Board
DEARMAN, Harry A., died Jan. 22, 1995
maudiecarole (View posts)
Classification: Obituary
Edited: 1104248222000
Surnames: DEARMAN, MORRIS, PRICE, MURPHY, WEBB, DOYLE, LAMBERT, HURD
DEARMAN, MORRIS, PRICE, MURPHY, WEBB, DOYLE, LAMBERT, HURD
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Carole Lynn (MOHNEY) CARR, Volunteer Transcriber
Transcribed from an original newspaper clipping from the "Sturgis Daily Journal, " which serves the St. Joseph County, Michigan area. Copy provided by the Sturgis Library, Sturgis, Michigan.
http://members.tripod.com/~tfred/spl.html
Listed on this site are volunteers to do look-ups, check it out to see if they have what you are looking for.
http://members.tripod.com/~tfred/stjolookups.html
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Sherwood; Harry A. DEARMAN, 68, died Jan. 22, 1995, at the Veterans Administration Medical Center, Battle Creek.
He was born Feb. 8, 1926, in Hattesburg, Miss., a son of Eugene and Amanda E. (MORRIS) DEARMAN.
On Oct. 8, 1951, he married Mettie PRICE, in Akines, S.C.
He was raised in Mobile, Ala., where he also lived during the winter months after moving to Michigan. He was a veteran of the U.S. Marine Corps, serving during World War II being stationed in the Philippines. He was a member of the Athens Veterans of Foreign Wars Post 5319 and 46 year member of the Ironworkers ???340.
Surviving are his wife; four sons, Fred DEARMAN, Sherwood, Chuck DEARMAN, Jackson, Harry DEARMAN Jr., Bronson and Bobby DEARMAN, Lisaie; three daughters, Judy MURPHY, Bronson, Faith WEBB, Quincy, and Martha DEARMAN, Utah; 16 grandchildren; nine great-grandchildren; three sisters, Nona Ruth DOYLE, California, Martha Amanda DEARMAN and Mary (Pat) Elizabeth LAMBERT, both of Alabama; cousins and several nieces and nephews. He was preceded in death by his parents; one son, Thomas DEARMAN; one sister, Agatha HURD; and one brother, John DEARMAN.
The family will receive friends from 6-8 p.m. today and Wednesday at the Spencer Funeral Home, Athens, where services are at 1:30 p.m. Thursday. The Rev. Ronald Jaeck, Bronson First Baptist Church, will officiate. Burial will be in North Sherwood Cemetery.
Memorials may be directed to the Athens VFW Post 5319.
maudiecarole 1044744201000
Re: DEARMAN, Harry A., died Jan. 22, 1995
bonniejohanne... 1548372182000

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Posted April 2, 2019 by Phil Contrino & filed under Reel Blog.
During his annual speech at CinemaCon, John Fithian celebrated a record, year in 2018, the importance of moviegoing, and directly addressed the dynamic between theatrical and streaming.
"We understand that some movies will continue to go straight to the home and skip theatrical. There is nothing revolutionary about that idea. All we ask is that powerful movies in all genres, made by content creators who want their work on the big screen, be given the time to reach their full potential in theaters before heading to the home. Theatrical exhibition is the keystone of this industry, and there is no replacement—both artistically and commercially—for the impact of a break-out hit.
Theatrical and streaming are two completely different experiences that have their time and place. A recent study by Barclays looked at the value of opening streaming titles theatrically before releasing them to the home, and plenty of other financial analysts and content creators stress that the two should exist peacefully.


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The following is a list of Jewish heads of state and/or government in the Land of Israel.

House of Saul
 King Saul (c. 1079–1007 BCE)
 King Ish-bosheth (II Samuel 2:8–9)

House of David
 King David (II Samuel 5:3) c. 1004–970 BCE – who made Jerusalem the capital of the United Kingdom of Israel.
 King Solomon (I Kings 2:12)
 King Rehoboam (I Kings 11:43)

After Rehoboam
After Rehoboam reigned three years (1 Chronicles 11:17), the kingdom was divided in two – the northern kingdom of Israel under Jeroboam, with its capital, first in Shechem (Nablus), then Tirzah, and finally Samaria, and ruled by a series of dynasties beginning with Jeroboam; and the southern kingdom of Judah with its capital still at Jerusalem and still ruled by the House of David. The following list contains the kings of Judah with the kings of Israel in the summaries. See also: the dynasties of the northern kingdom of Israel.
 King Abijam (I Kings 14:31) c. 915–913 BCE
 King Asa (I Kings 15:8) – under whose reign, the following were kings in Israel: Nadab, Baasha, Elah, Zimri, Omri, and Ahab.
 King Jehoshaphat (I Kings 15:24) – under whose reign, Ahaziah and Jehoram reigned in Israel.
 King Jehoram ben Jehoshaphat (I Kings 22:50)
 King Ahaziah ben Jehoram (II Kings 8:24) – under whose reign, Jehu ruled in Israel.
 Queen Athaliah (II Kings 11:3) mother of Ahaziah
 King Jehoash (II Kings 11:21) – son of Ahaziah, under whose reign, Jehoahaz and another Jehoash ruled in Israel.
 King Amaziah (II Kings 14:1) – under whose reign, Jeroboam II ruled in Israel.
 King Uzziah referred to as Azariah (II Kings 15:1) – under whose reign, the following ruled over Israel: Zachariah, Shallum, Menahem, Pekahiah, and Pekah.
 King Jotham (II Kings 15:32)
 King Ahaz (II Kings 16:1) – under whose reign, Hoshea ruled as the last king of Israel.
 King Hezekiah (II Kings 18:1) – under his reign, the Assyrian Empire conquered and destroyed the northern kingdom 722 BCE leaving only the southern kingdom of Judah.
 King Manasseh (II Kings 20:21)
 King Amon (II Kings 21:18)
 King Josiah (II Kings 21:26)
 King Jehoahaz (II Kings 23:30) son of Josiah
 King Jehoiakim (II Kings 23:34) son of Josiah
 King Jeconiah (II Kings 24:6) son of Jehoiakim
 King Zedekiah (II Kings 24:17) – son of Josiah, last king to rule over, and in, Judah. Overthrown by the Chaldean Empire (which succeeded the Assyrian Empire) and exiled, along with most of the rest of the population, to that kingdom, where his 10 sons were executed in front of him, then he was blinded and imprisoned. [All thought he was released later on along with Jeconiah (who was imprisoned some 14 years before Zedekiah) when Nebuchadnezar died and was succeeded by his son Evil Moredach]
 Gedaliah (II Kings 25:22–23) son of Ahikam advisor to King Josiah; he became governor over the remnant of Judah in their homeland and was assassinated the next year [This ended all Jewish settlement in Israel for that period]

Governors of the Persian Province of Judea
 Zerubbabel (Ezra 3:8) son of Shealtiel. In the first year of the reign of Cyrus, successor to Darius, the Jews were allowed to return to their homeland. Zerubbabel led the first group of returnees and ruled in Judea for two years. The date is generally thought to have been between 538 and 520 BC. The House of David had survived, but struggled to reclaim its place as the ruling House of Israel.
 Nehemiah (Book of Nehemiah) arrived in Jerusalem in 445 as governor of Judah, appointed by Artaxerxes.
 Hananiah (Nehemiah 7:2)

Hasmonean dynasty 168–37 BCE

The Maccabees founded the Hasmonean dynasty, which ruled from 168 BCE – 37 BCE, reasserting the Jewish religion and expanding the boundaries of the Land of Israel by conquest. In the post-Maccabean period the high priest was looked upon as exercising in all things, political, legal, and sacerdotal, the supreme authority.
 Mattityahu – who began a war for independence.
 Judah – during whose reign, Alcimus succeeded Menelaeus as high priest.
 Jonathan – assumed the high priesthood.
 Simon – succeeded his brother Jonathan as high priest and was also installed as ethnarch. Under his reign, Judea gained its independence.
 John Hyrcanus I – also succeeded as ethnarch and high priest.
 Aristobulus – succeeded his father John Hyrcanus I as high priest and was also installed as king.
 Alexander Jannaeus – high priest and king.
 Salome Alexandra - reigning as queen only.
 Hyrcanus II – succeeded his father Alexander as high priest beginning with the rule of Salome. Became king upon the death of Salome.
 Aristobulus II – succeeded as high priest and king. During his reign, Judea lost its independence and passed under the rule of Rome (63 BCE) who overthrew him and reinstalled:
 Hyrcanus II as high priest only.
 Antigonus – high priest and king.

Herodian dynasty (37 BCE – 70 CE)

 King Herod the Great
 Ethnarch Herod Archelaus (4 BCE – 6 CE), ruler of Samaria, Judea, and Idumea, known as the Tetrarchy of Judea

After Archelaus and during the intervening period, the Sanhedrin, founded by Ezra, became the sole rulers of the Jewish people in Judea in conjunction with the High Priest. The heads, or nesiim, of the Sanhedrin beginning in 20 BCE, were Hillel the Elder, his son Shimon, and his son Gamaliel I whose rule extended into the reign of:

 King Agrippa I (41–44)
 King Herod of Chalcis (41–48)
 King Agrippa II (53–100). In 66 CE, the great revolt began against Rome, resulting in the Zealot Temple Siege and culminating in the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem in 70 CE, the abolition of the High Priesthood, and the final defeat at Massada in 73 CE.

Great Sanhedrin 80–429 CE

The Patriarchate was the governing legalistic body of Judean and Galilean Jewry after the destruction of the Second Temple until about 429 CE. Being a member of the house of Hillel and thus a descendant of King David, the Patriarch, known in Hebrew as the Nasi (prince), had almost royal authority.
 Gamaliel II of Jamnia (80–115)
 Eleazar ben Azariah (115–120)
Interregnum (Bar Kokhba revolt) (132–135)
 Judah bar Ilai c. 140 moved the Sanhedrin to Usha
 Shimon ben Gamliel II
 Judah haNasi (170–220) – ruled from Bet Shearim, then Sepphoris
 Gamaliel III (220–230)
 Judah II (230–270) – ruled from Sepphoris, then Tiberias. This was the Sanhedrin's last move.
 Gamaliel IV (270–290)
 Judah III (290–320)
 Hillel II (320–365) – 320 is given as the traditional date for the codification of the Jerusalem Talmud
 Gamaliel V (365–385)
 Judah IV (385–400) – in 395, the Roman Empire split into east and west and Palestine passed under the eastern Byzantine Empire.
 Gamaliel VI (400–425) – on 17 October 415, an edict issued by the Emperors Honorius and Theodosius II deposed Gamaliel VI as nasi. Theodosius did not allow the appointment of a successor and in 429 terminated the Jewish patriarchate.

7th century
 Nehemiah ben Hushiel (615–617)

Hacham Bashi (1842–1918)
Hakham Bashi is the Ottoman Turkish name for the Chief Rabbi of the nation's Jewish community.
 Avraham Haim Gaggin (b. Turkey) 1842–1848
 Yitzhak Kovo 1848–1854
 Haim Abulafia 1854–1860
 Haim Hazzan (b. Turkey) 1860–1869
 Avraham Ashkenazi (b. Greece) 1869–1880
 Raphael Meir Panigel (b. Bulgaria) 1880–1893
 Yaakov Shaul Elyashar 1893–1906
 Yaakov Meir 1906–1907
 Eliyahu Moshe Panigel 1907–1908
 Nahman Batito 1908–1915
 Nissim Danon 1915–1918 – In 1917, Palestine was conquered by the British. Danon was succeeded as chief rabbi after World War I by Haim Moshe Elyashar who assumed the title of Acting Chief Rabbi 1918–1921. (For a list of Chief Rabbis during the Mandate and afterwards, see List of chief rabbis of Israel and Mandatory Palestine They controlled religious affairs while:

Jewish National Council (1917–1948)

The Jewish National Council (Vaad Leumi) controlled civil affairs, as defined by a British Mandatory Ordinance. The following list contains the elected chairmen of the Jewish National Council.
 Yaacov Thon (b. Ukraine) 1917–1920 – head of a provisional council which preceded the actual formation of the Vaad Leumi in 1920.
 David Yellin 1920–1929
 Pinhas Rutenberg (b. Ukraine) 1929–1931
 Yitzhak Ben Zvi (b. Ukraine) – elected as chairman in the 1931 elections, held the office until independence in 1948. In 1939, Pinhas Rutenberg was, once again, appointed chairman of the Va'ad while Ben Zvi became President. He held that position until his death in 1942. In the 1944 elections, *David Remez (b. Ukraine), was elected as chairman while ben Zvi continued with the title of President.

State of Israel 1948–present

 David Ben-Gurion (b. Russian Poland) 1948–1953, 1955–1963
 Moshe Sharett (b. Russian Ukraine) 1953–1955
 Levi Eshkol (b. Russian Ukraine) 1963–1969
 Golda Meir who came from Ukraine via the United States 1969–1974
 Yitzhak Rabin (b. Mandatory Palestine) 1974–1977, 1992–1995
 Menachem Begin (b. Russian Belarus) 1977–1983
 Yitzhak Shamir (b. Russian Poland) 1983–1984, 1986–1992
 Shimon Peres (b. Poland) 1984–1986, 1995–1996
 Ehud Barak (b. Mandatory Palestine) 1999–2001
 Ariel Sharon (b. Mandatory Palestine) 2001–2006
 Ehud Olmert (b. Mandatory Palestine) 2006–2009
 Naftali Bennett (b. Israel) 2021-2022
 Yair Lapid (b. Israel) 2022
 Benjamin Netanyahu (b. Israel) 1996–1999, 2009–2021, 2022-present

See also
Jewish leadership
Kings of Israel and Judah

References

Jews in the Land of Israel
Jewish history timelines
Israel
Jewish leaders in the Land of Israel
Jewish
Israel

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Red Cross is supporting the province of British Columbia and local authorities in providing assistance to those affected by the wildfires.
Your donation will help provide immediate relief such as cots, blankets, family reunification and financial assistance for food, clothing and personal needs. Beyond meeting immediate needs, your donation may also help re-entry and go towards more long-term recovery, resiliency and preparedness.
and view a map of the current fires and their status by clicking here- B.C. Wilfires Map. The map may not load in high traffic times so you might need to be patient.


They decided to settle in Canada. vi 栖息,降落 栖息, A bird settle on the branch. 灰尘落在桌子和椅子上。 灰尘落在桌子和椅子上。 Dust has settled on the desks and chairs. vt 解决,决定 解决, They settled the problem in a friendly way. That's settled, we'll go tomorrow.
Dangerous drugs were found in her possession. When his father died she came into possession of a large fortune. The police arrested him and took possession of certain things. We've bought the house, but we can't take possession of it until July.
树木环绕的的那幢房子是我的。 树木环绕的的那幢房子是我的。 The house surrounded with trees is mine . 不列颠四周环海。 不列颠四周环海。 Britain is surrounded by sea .
2. My name was referred to at the meeting.
3. If you have any questions, refer to the book.
2. Guangzhou is referred to as the "Flower City".
12) By 1840 about 2000 Europeans, mainly British, had come to settle in New Zealand and the Maori singed an agreement with these settlers. e.g. By the age of 13, he had taught himself advanced maths. By the end of the term, we'll have learned 3000 English words.
1) vt.&vi. 签名,签署 签名, The papers are ready to be signed.
2)vt.&vi.用姿势通知(如手势,颜色等) 用姿势通知(如手势,颜色等) 用姿势通知 The policeman signed to me to stop.
4) n.招牌,标记 招牌, 招牌 Pay attention to the traffic signs.
11. By + 点时间 By the end of last week, they had finished the task. By now he has been in China for three months. We will have learned 10 units by the end of this term.


text:
Die Concarneau Cornouaille Agglomération ist ein französischer Gemeindeverband mit der Rechtsform einer Communauté d'agglomération im Département Finistère in der Region Bretagne. Der Gemeindeverband wurde am 30. Juli 1994 gegründet und besteht aus neun Gemeinden. Der Verwaltungssitz befindet sich in der Stadt Concarneau.

Mitgliedsgemeinden

Einzelnachweise

Communauté d'agglomération in der Bretagne
Département Finistère
Gegründet 1994


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Kesari FIRST Reviews Out! Another Box Office Hit For Akshay Kumar?
Gully Boy Movie Review: Every Frame Breathes Life Into Our Souls!
Aquaman Movie Review: Trippy, Outlandish & Batshit Crazy!
Bhaiaji Superhit Movie Review: Sunny Deol Fans, This One's For You!


EISA has become an active member of the ACE Knowledge Network, the most reputable global election network, an online information resource covering all aspects of election administration. It features information on nearly every aspect of elections brought together under one portal, targeted at electoral practitioners, electoral management bodies, government officials, political parties, civil society and non-governmental organisations, academics, researchers and students. EISA is both the ACE partner and a Resource Centre for the SADC Region. Network members include Elections Canada, EISA, European Commission (ex-officio), Instituto Federal Electoral - Mexico, International Foundation for Electoral Services (IFES), International IDEA, United Nations Development Programme , United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs and United Nations Electoral Assistance Division.
As part of its responsibilities in the ACE Coordination Team, EISA peer reviewed three country case studies (Botswana, Namibia and South Africa), on the theme: 'Elections and Youth - Removing Barriers to Youth Participation in Electoral Processes: Entry points for Electoral Management Bodies. As part of its responsibilities as Regional Resource Centre, EISA continued providing updates on elections in the continent to be uploaded on to the ACE website. All country pages of countries that held elections in the first half of the year were updated before the elections.
EISA's contribution on the Network continued during the period under review. Updates on elections and related topics were uploaded and shared on the ACE website. One staff member of the EPP department is the focal person for the ACE network with EISA continuing to provide all relevant information relating to the SADC region. A Virtual Steering Board meeting was held by ACE Partners on 22 April 2015 where EISA was represented.
EPP continued to co-ordinate EISA's contribution to the ACE Electoral Knowledge Network as well as hosting the Southern African Regional Resource Centre of the ACE Project. Materials on ACE are constantly updated through the support of ACE Regional Resource Centres (RERCs) and practitioners throughout the world. In addition, EISA contributed a case study to the ACE encyclopaedia on: The role of EMBs in Electoral Reforms.
As the ACE Southern Africa Regional Resource Centre (RERC), EISA strengthens regional networking in expanding the Practitioners' Network by identifying, inviting and continuously communicating with regional experts and disseminating EOM reports issued by Southern African institutions and other relevant documents on the ACE website. In the past year EISA updated two topic areas of the encyclopaedia, namely, voter education and voter registration.
In 2012, EISA, ACE partner organisations and electoral experts through ACE Secretariat updated the encyclopaedia and other ACE contents. Specifically, EISA updates the voter registration and the civic and voter education content of the encyclopaedia. ACE users can access the materials online through the ACE website, www.aceproject.org, post questions and have responses from experienced electoral practitioners who belong to the ACE Electoral Practitioners' Network.
EPP continued to coordinate EISA's contribution to the ACE Electoral Knowledge Network. EISA also participated as a member of the ACE Steering Board and ACE Advisory Board.
EISA hosts the ACE Southern African Regional Resource Centre (RERC). As a partner and a Regional Resource Centre, EISA participated in the annual ACE Regional Centres workshop held in Lima, Peru, on 16-19 November 2010. The purpose of the workshop, co-hosted by Jurado nacional de elecciones (JNE) and International IDEA, was to discuss the previous year's findings and recommendations, as well as the upcoming year of activities by regional Centres.
EPP continued to co-ordinate EISA's contribution to the ACE Electoral Knowledge Network. EISA hosts the Southern African Regional Resource Centre. EISA has since established a regional Electoral Knowledge Network which has undertaken to update the ACE website, source and upload electoral material, publish a newsletter and produce and regularly update comparative data for all the Southern African countries on the ACE website.
EISA was responsible for the Capacity Development Facility project, a pilot research project to assess the capacity of electoral management bodies in the SADC region and to identify gaps and make recommendations to close these gaps; in 2008 the capacity assessment was undertaken and finalised. The Southern African Regional Resource Centre, which is hosted by EISA, continued to update the ACE website providing information on electoral issues and events in Southern Africa, to publish a newsletter and produce and to regularly update comparative data for all the Southern African countries on the ACE website.
EISA was given the responsibility of the Capacity Development Facility project in 2005. The groundwork for a pilot programme has been laid for this project initially working in Malawi, Mozambique and Swaziland. The second area of activity of the ACE Knowledge Network is the Regional Resource Centre, which EISA has since established to update the ACE website, publish a newsletter and produce and regularly update comparative data for all the Southern African countries.
EPP successfully coordinated EISA's participation in the ACE Knowledge Network. This entailed three main milestones. Firstly, EISA managed to complete the updating of the voting and vote-counting operations topic area of ACE. This was subsequently uploaded to the website and is now part of this comprehensive electoral online resource. Secondly, EPP coordinated EISA's attendance at all statutory ACE meetings in 2006. Finally, EISA completed the Capacity Development Base Project, initiated in 2005, in partnership with the UNDP/NY and secured funding. Over and above these three main areas, EISA has contributed to articles for the Election Today publication of the ACE Network.
EPP coordinated EISA's participation in the ACE Knowledge Network and was responsible for the updating and editing of ACE Core Text in the areas of Voting Operations and Vote Counting, which was uploaded onto the ACE Editing website. In addition, Capacity Development, conceived to enhance election management by building key competencies in election management bodies, will test methodologies of technical advisory services, training and promote peer partnerships for information sharing and improved performance. This component, to be spearheaded by EISA, is to be implemented as a pilot over three years in the 14 member countries of SADC. EISA was identified because of its location and experience of working in the SADC region and its partnership with the SADC EMBs over the past ten years. EISA developed a concept for the component on the basis of which a fundraising campaign will be embarked on in the course of 2006.
EISA was invited to be a partner in a project aimed at producing a revised version in the Administration and Cost of Elections Project (ACE), which is a worldwide electronic electoral information resource originally conceptualised by International IDEA, the United Nations and IFES. ACE provides information on elections and makes it available to anyone who may require it through its website www.aceproject.org. EPP took part in a content design meeting aimed at identifying responsibilities for each partner organisation as well as areas of focus in updating the material. EISA was given the topics of 'Voting' and 'Counting' to update.


text:
The Denver Botanic Gardens Celebrates Fifty Years of the Boettcher Conservatory
Danielle Lirette February 22, 2016 17:15PM
Skip ad in seconds.
Ten Years After: Remembering the Aurora Theater Shooting
Evan Semon
Giddy-Up! National Western Stock Show Parade Returns to Downtown
Jared Polis Sworn in for a Second Term as Colorado's Governor
Denver's 38th Annual Marade Honoring Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Draws Crowd
Danielle Lirette
Guests celebrated the DBG's distinctive concrete-and-plexiglass Boettcher Conservatory Friday night at a party that included a panel discussion and tribute to the fifty-year-old structure designed by Victor Hornbein and Ed White in 1966. Here's to fifty more years! All photos by Danielle Lirette.
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Additional Slideshows
The 38th annual Marade honoring the life and legacy of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. drew a crowd, including current public officials…
By Evan Semon
Colorado Government
Governor Jared Polis and Lieutenant Governor Dianne Primavera were sworn in for a second term on the west steps of the Colorado…
After skipping last year, the National Western Stock Show Parade returned to downtown Denver on January 5, 2023, filling 17th Street with…
Colorado History
On July 20, 2012, a gunman entered the Century 16 movie theater in Aurora during a midnight screening of The Dark Knight…
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Crowds flooded downtown on June 3 to celebrate the Colorado Avalanche's 2022 Stanley Cup victory. The party started with a parade from…
Denver Development
Pancratia Hall Lofts Celebrated on the Loretto Heights Campus
Historic Pancratia Hall, built in 1929 as part of the seventy-acre Loretto Heights campus, has been transformed into 74 income-restricted apartments. Neighbors,…


text:
The Apple TV+ Streaming Service: All The Original TV Shows And Movies Slated For Release
Jessica ToomerTwitterContributor
Apple is coming for Netflix.
The tech giant's year-in-the-making streaming service is nearly here and besides giving others of its ilk a run for their money — that means you too, Amazon Prime and Hulu — the company has plans to provide quality content for its subscribers. On March 25th, Apple announced the launch of its own streaming platform, Apple TV+, along with a slate of original TV series and films backed by some serious star power.
Here are all the Apple Originals coming your way.
Are You Sleeping
This 10-episode thriller starring Octavia Spencer was first announced in January of 2018. Spencer worked with Reese Witherspoon's Hello Sunshine production company to get the show, based off a crime novel by Kathleen Barber, made. The series follows America's growing obsession with true-crime podcasts and the sinister consequences of pursuing justice on our own terms. Spencer is joined by other big names like Breaking Bad's Aaron Paul, Mekhi Phifer, Weeds alum Elizabeth Perkins, and This Is Us breakout, Ron Cephas Jones.
This dark, half-hour comedy series imagines what life might have been like for famed 19th-century poet Emily Dickinson. Hailee Steinfeld plays the stifled authoress, a young woman stuck in a more restrictive time with modern sensibilities and a need to break free from her suffocating upbringing. The show marks Steinfeld's first TV role and is penned by writer Alena Smith.
Ronald D. Moore knows his way around a good sci-fi show. He's responsible for Starz's breakout time-traveling romance Outlander after all, but with this new venture, Moore trades in the moors of Scotland for the outer-reaches of space, building a show that imagines an alternate reality in which the space race never stopped. Suicide Squad's Joel Kinnaman headlines this series, which also stars Michael Dorman and Shantel VanSanten.
This sci-fi horror series produced by Steven Spielberg looks to be Apple's answer to Netflix's Stranger Things. The show, like Spielberg's '80s original, features a different story and cast of characters in each episode, and it's got a more family-friendly-tone than its streaming counterpart. Spielberg is rumored to have tapped some famous names to help direct, too.
Perhaps the most-talked-about show on Apple's original slate is this comedy series starring Reese Witherspoon and Jennifer Aniston, produced by Witherspoon's Hello Sunshine. The show is a riff off The Office but with a backdrop of a morning TV show. Apple seems to have plenty of faith in it, too, seeing as the company bought two seasons (20 episodes) right off the bat.
Jason Momoa trades in his superhero suit for this sci-fi thriller that imagines what the world would look like if all of its inhabitants suddenly lost their eye-sight. Peaky Blinders creator Steven Knight, director Francis Lawrence (The Hunger Games) are bringing this thing to life, and Alfre Woodard is set to co-star.
Kumail Nanjiani and wife Emily Gordon proved they're pretty good at blending their personal and professional lives when they brought us The Big Sick, a comedy about their real-life romance. The couple is teaming up again for this anthology series with a bit more of a serious tone. The show is set to follow the stories of immigrant families living in the United States.
Apple's getting into the animated game with this musical series from the creators of Bob's Burgers. The show centers on a family of caretakers who live in Central Park and launch a campaign to save the patch of green, and ultimately, the world. The voice cast of this one is a who's-who of Hollywood. Everyone from Josh Gad to Leslie Odom Jr., Titus Burgess, Kristen Bell, Stanley Tucci, Daveed Diggs, and Kathryn Hahn have been tapped.
Defending Jacob
If things go poorly for Captain America in the final Avengers flick, just know Chris Evans isn't completely out of a job. He's got this planned limited series about father forced to confront the horrifying truth that his son may, in fact, be a murderer. Cap just can't catch a break, guys.
Brie Larson's CIA Drama
Brie Larson is set to star in and executive produce a spy drama for Apple's streaming service. Based on Amaryllis Fox's memoir, Life Undercover: Coming of Age in the CIA, the show promises an inside-look into a young woman's journey in one of America's most secretive government organizations. The show was just announced, so don't expect it to pop up on Apple's platform right away, but do keep an eye out for it.
My Glory Was That I Had Such Friends
Jennifer Garner is teaming up with her Alias creator JJ Abrams for a very different drama show. In this limited series, based on a memoir of the same name, Garner plays a woman waiting for a heart transplant who must lean on her friends for support.
This half-hour musical dramedy comes from the Waitress team of Sara Bareilles and Jessie Nelson, and it's being produced by JJ Abrams.
Another true crime drama, this series is based on the exploits of Hilde Lysiak, and follows a young girl who moves to a small town from Brooklyn and unearths the truth about an unsolved murder. Jim Sturgess and The Florida Project's Brooklynn Prince are set to star with Crazy Rich Asians director Jon M. Chu at the wheel.
Apple goes big (and international) for this adaptation. The drama is a play on Min Jin Lee's bestselling novel that follows four generations of Korean immigrants. Apple looks to be pulling out all the stops for this one, with some critics comparing it to Netflix's The Crown in terms of production value.
Thor: Ragnarok director Taika Waititi is helming this adaptation of Monty Python's Terry Gilliam's 80s epic, with Gilliam's help of course.
M. Night Shyalaman thriller
Harry Potter star Rupert Grint will lead this mysterious original from horror director M. Night Shyalaman.
Sofia Coppola and Bill Murray team up again for this dramedy which is rumored to be Apple's first slated original film. Rashida Jones stars as a single mom, and Murray plays her aimless father.
This documentary narrated by Chiwetel Ejiofor has already made its festival rounds and gotten good buzz from critics. The film follows the journey of elephant matriarch Athena, who leads her herd to safety after they're forced to abandon their watering hole.
Apple bought this dramedy from first-time director Minhal Baig at Sundance earlier this year. The film, which is executive produced by Jada Pinkett Smith, follows a Muslim Pakistani-American teenager going through a sexual awakening during her senior year of high school.
Untitled Damien Chazelle series
La La Land director Damien Chazelle is in high demand these days, but Apple seems to have nabbed him to write, direct, and executive produce a new drama series that they're keeping close to the vest.
Untitled Rob McElhenney and Charlie Day comedy
It's Always Sunny In Philadelphia co-stars Rob McElhenney and Charlie Day are reuniting for another comedy venture revolving around the gaming world.
Topics: #Apple, #Brie Larson, #Chris EvansTags: APPLE, BRIE LARSON, CHRIS EVANS, JASON MOMOA, REESE WITHERSPOON, TAIKA WAITITI


text:
RSpec.describe MiqEnvironment do
  context "with linux platform" do
    before do
      @old_impl = Sys::Platform::IMPL
      silence_warnings { Sys::Platform::IMPL = :linux }
    end

    after do
      silence_warnings { Sys::Platform::IMPL = @old_impl } if @old_impl
    end

    context "Host Info" do
      example "fully_qualified_domain_name" do
        expect(described_class.fully_qualified_domain_name).to eq(`hostname -f`.chomp)
      end

      example "local_ip_address" do
        expect(described_class.local_ip_address).to be_in(Socket.ip_address_list.map(&:ip_address))
      end

      context "multiple private addresses" do
        it "always returns the same address" do
          allow(Socket).to receive(:ip_address_list).and_return([Addrinfo.ip("192.168.1.10"), Addrinfo.ip("10.1.2.3")])
          expect(described_class.local_ip_address).to eq("10.1.2.3")
          allow(Socket).to receive(:ip_address_list).and_return([Addrinfo.ip("10.1.2.3"), Addrinfo.ip("192.168.1.10")])
          expect(described_class.local_ip_address).to eq("10.1.2.3")
        end
      end
    end

    context "Command" do
      context ".supports_memcached?" do
        it "should run once and cache the result" do
          expect(MiqEnvironment::Command).to receive(:is_linux?).once.and_return(false)
          assert_same_result_every_time(:supports_memcached?, false)
        end
      end

      context ".supports_nohup_and_backgrounding?" do
        it "should run once and cache the result" do
          expect(MiqEnvironment::Command).to receive(:is_appliance?).once.and_return(false)
          assert_same_result_every_time(:supports_nohup_and_backgrounding?, false)
        end
      end

      context ".is_production?" do
        it "when Rails is not defined" do
          hide_const('Rails')
          expect { Rails }.to raise_error(NameError)
          assert_same_result_every_time(:is_production?, true)
        end

        it "when Rails is production" do
          expect(Rails.env).to receive(:production?).twice.and_return(true)
          assert_same_result_every_time(:is_production?, true)
        end

        it "when Rails is not production" do
          assert_same_result_every_time(:is_production?, false)
        end
      end

      context "production build questions" do
        let(:token_file) { "/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token" }
        let(:ca_file)    { "/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt" }

        def container_conditions
          stub_const("ENV", ENV.to_h.merge("CONTAINER" => "true"))
        end

        def podified_conditions
          allow(File).to receive(:exist?).with(token_file).and_return(true)
          allow(File).to receive(:exist?).with(ca_file).and_return(true)
          container_conditions
        end

        def appliance_conditions
          stub_const("ENV", ENV.to_h.merge("APPLIANCE" => "true"))
        end

        describe ".is_container?" do
          it "when the conditions are not met" do
            assert_same_result_every_time(:is_container?, false)
          end

          it "when the conditions are met" do
            container_conditions
            assert_same_result_every_time(:is_container?, true)
          end
        end

        describe ".is_podified?" do
          it "when the conditions are not met" do
            assert_same_result_every_time(:is_podified?, false)
          end

          it "when the conditions are met" do
            podified_conditions
            assert_same_result_every_time(:is_podified?, true)
          end
        end

        describe ".is_appliance?" do
          it "when the conditions are not met" do
            assert_same_result_every_time(:is_appliance?, false)
          end

          it "when the conditions are met" do
            appliance_conditions
            assert_same_result_every_time(:is_appliance?, true)
          end
        end

        describe ".is_production_build?" do
          it "when the conditions are not met" do
            assert_same_result_every_time(:is_production_build?, false)
          end

          it "when the appliance conditions are met" do
            appliance_conditions
            assert_same_result_every_time(:is_production_build?, true)
          end

          it "when the container conditions are met" do
            container_conditions
            assert_same_result_every_time(:is_production_build?, true)
          end

          it "when the podified conditions are met" do
            podified_conditions
            assert_same_result_every_time(:is_production_build?, true)
          end
        end

        context ".supports_systemd?" do
          it "returns false when container conditions are met" do
            container_conditions
            assert_same_result_every_time(:supports_systemd?, false)
          end

          it "returns true when appliance conditions are met" do
            appliance_conditions
            expect(MiqEnvironment::Command).to receive(:supports_command?).with("systemctl").and_return(true)
            assert_same_result_every_time(:supports_systemd?, true)
          end
        end
      end
    end
  end

  def assert_same_result_every_time(method, expected)
    2.times { expect(MiqEnvironment::Command.send(method)).to eq(expected) }
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub