text:
Антуан Удар де Ламотт (встречается вариант написания Ла Мотт; ; 18 января 1672, Париж — 26 декабря 1731, там же) — французский поэт, драматург и либреттист, член Французской академии (с 1710).

Биография и творчество

Антуан Удар де Ламотт родился 18 января 1672 года в Париже в семье шапочника.

Дебютировал в 1693 году комедией «Оригиналы», провалившейся при постановке; расстроенный Ламотт отказался от продолжения писательской карьеры и вступил в монашеский орден траппистов. Однако спустя четыре года Ламотт вернулся к литературе, начав с оперных либретто — в частности, оперы-балета Андре Кампра «Галантная Европа» (, ).

В дальнейшем Ламотт писал также трагедии, из которых особым успехом пользовалась основанная на пьесе Камоэнса «Инес де Кастро» (, 1723), сравнивавшаяся современниками с драматургией Корнеля. Популярны были также басни и оды Ламотта. В поздние годы Ламотт вел переписку (в частности, с Бернаром Фонтенелем), и последующая публикация этой переписки укрепила образ Ламотта как не скованного условностями мыслителя и тонкого стилиста.

Удар де Ламотт и второй этап спора о древних и новых
Одним из наиболее значительных эпизодов творческой биографии Ламотта стала гомеровская полемика, развернувшаяся при поддержке влиятельной хозяйки литературного салона маркизы де Ламбер, постоянным посетителем которого был Ламотт. После появления в 1699 году прозаического перевода «Илиады», выполненного Анной Дасье и сделавшего гомеровский эпос фактом текущей французской литературной жизни, Ламотт подготовил и опубликовал в 1714 году стихотворное переложение этого перевода в значительно сокращенном и измененном виде (сократив 12 песен из 24 и значительно переделав остальные). В предварявших перевод «Рассуждениях о Гомере» () Ламотт писал о том, что современная литература далеко ушла вперед от античной, и следует приблизить античные шедевры к современности, упрощая стиль и форму. Ответ Дасье, которая также была частой гостьей салона маркизы де Ламбер, в памфлете «О причинах порчи вкуса» появился в том же году и был весьма резок по форме. Ламотт, не приняв обострения тона дискуссии, ответил книгой «Возражения на критику» (, 1716), с философских позиций его поддержал Жан Террасон. Итог дискуссии подвел примирительной работой «Гомер на суде» Клод Бюфье, замечавший, что на собственные достоинства Гомера ни одна сторона не покушалась; 5 апреля 1716 г. на званом ужине Ламотт и Дасье встретились и подняли бокал в честь Гомера, на чем полемика была завершена.

В 1710 году Ламотт был избран во Французскую академию.

«Басни»

В 1719 году Удар де Ламотт выпустил сборник «Новые басни» с посвящением Людовику XV. В него вошло сто образцов жанра, а предваряло сборник «Рассуждение о басне». Автор подчеркнуто дистанцируется от Лафонтена и Эзопа и прибегает к оригинальным сюжетам. Для его басен характерно усиление дидактизма в ущерб поэтическим достоинствам. Тем не менее, издание имело успех, во многом в силу его полиграфических достоинств . Известный отечественный литературовед Б. Томашевский не исключает, что басни Удара де Ламотта могли быть известны Пушкину еще в годы его обучения в Лицее .

Антуан Удар де Ламотт умер 26 декабря 1731 года в родном городе.

Литература
 О его переводе Гомера см. упоминание .

Примечания

Ссылки

Французские поэты XVII века
Французские поэты XVIII века
Переводчики поэзии на французский язык
Члены Французской академии
Баснописцы


text:
Geochemical constraints on the spatial distribution of recycled oceanic crust in the mantle source of late Cenozoic basalts, Vietnam
Thi Hong Anh Hoang, Sung Hi Choi, YongjaeYu, Trung HieuPham, Kim HoangNguyen, Jong-SikRyud
This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the major and trace element, mineral, and Sr, Nd, Pb and Mg isotopic compositions of late Cenozoic intraplate basaltic rocks from central and southern Vietnam. The Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic compositions of these basalts define a tight linear array between Indian mid-ocean-ridge basalt (MORB)-like mantle and enriched mantle type 2 (EM2) components. These basaltic rocks contain low concentrations of CaO (6.4–9.7 wt%) and have high Fe/Mn ratios (> 60) and FeO/CaO–3MgO/SiO2 values (> 0.54), similar to partial melts derived from pyroxenite/eclogite sources. This similarity is also supported by the composition of olivine within these samples, which contains low concentration of Ca and high concentrations of Ni, and shows high Fe/Mn ratios. The basaltic rocks have elevated Dy/Yb ratios that fall within the range of melts derived from garnet lherzolite material, although their Yb contents are much higher than those of modeled melts derived from only garnet lherzolite material and instead plot near the modeled composition of eclogite-derived melts. The Vietnamese basaltic rocks have lighter δ26Mg values (− 0.38 ± 0.06‰) than is expected for the normal mantle (− 0.25 ± 0.07‰), and these values decrease with decreasing Hf/Hf* and Ti/Ti* ratios, indicating that these basalts were derived from a source containing carbonate material. On primitive mantle-normalized multi-element variation diagrams, the central Vietnamese basalts are characterized by positive Sr, Eu, and Ba anomalies. These basalts also plot within the pelagic sediment field in PbPb isotopic space. This suggests that the mantle source of the basalts contained both garnet peridotite and recycled oceanic crust. A systematic analysis of variations in geochemical composition in basalts from southern to central Vietnam indicates that the recycled oceanic crust (possibly the paleo-Pacific slab) source material contains varying proportions of gabbro, basalt, and sediment. The basalts from south-central Vietnam (12°N–14°N) may be dominated by the lowest portion of the residual slab that contains rutile-bearing plagioclase-rich gabbroic eclogite, whereas the uppermost portion of the recycled slab, including sediment and basaltic material with small amounts of gabbro, may be a major constituent of the source for the basalts within the central region of Vietnam (14°N–16°N). Finally, the southern region (10°N–12°N) contains basalts sourced mainly from recycled upper oceanic crust that is basalt-rich and contains little or no sediment.
Link xem chi tiết bài báo khoa học

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Why does function called in Adapter from another activity always return false? Inside ExamAcitivy :
passExamState always returns false even though its value changes to true after the setOnClickListener, when called in the adapter I need it to return the state acordingly. How do i propely pass the examState and its value to the adapter?
class ExamActivity : AppCompatActivity(){

    private var examState  = false

    private val questionData = QuestionData()
    private var  questionAdapter = QuestionAdapter(questionData)

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_exam)

        questionViewPager.adapter = questionAdapter

        endExam.setOnClickListener {
           examState=true
        }

    }

    fun passExamState() : Boolean {
        return examState
    }
}

Inside My ViewPager2Adapter :
class QuestionAdapter(private val questionData: QuestionData) :
RecyclerView.Adapter<QuestionAdapter.QuestionViewPagerViewHolder>() {

inner class QuestionViewPagerViewHolder(itemView: View) : RecyclerView.ViewHolder(itemView){

   //itemviews

    init {
        if (!ExamActivity().passExamState()) {
            getthis()
        }else{
            getthat()
        }
    }

}

override fun onCreateViewHolder(parent: ViewGroup, viewType: Int): QuestionViewPagerViewHolder {
    return QuestionViewPagerViewHolder(
        LayoutInflater.from(parent.context).inflate(R.layout.item_question, parent, false)
    )
}

override fun onBindViewHolder(holder: QuestionViewPagerViewHolder, position: Int) {

    //itemviews

    if (!ExamActivity().passExamState()){
        dothis()
    }else{
        dothat()

    }

}

//itemcount
}

A: The problem is that you're creating a new ExamActivity instance and using that instance's property to check passExamState(). In this line, which appears twice in your code:
if (!ExamActivity().passExamState()) {

you are calling the ExamActivity constructor to construct a new Activity, so you are not checking the state of the actual Activity that is on the screen.
The proper, encapsulated way to do this is to create the appropriate Boolean property in your Adapter, and allow your Activity to modify that property. This way of organizing the code reduces inter-dependence. The Adapter doesn't have to know about the existence of the Activity. For example:
//In ExamActivity:

endExam.setOnClickListener {
    examState = true // If you even need to track this property in the Activity.
                     // Maybe you can remove the property entirely.

    questionAdapter.examState = true
}

// Adapter class:

class QuestionAdapter(private val questionData: QuestionData) :
RecyclerView.Adapter<QuestionAdapter.QuestionViewPagerViewHolder>() {

    var examState = false

    inner class QuestionViewPagerViewHolder(itemView: View) :
    RecyclerView.ViewHolder(itemView) {

        init {
            if (!examState) { // and the same in onBindViewHolder
                getthis()
            }else{
                getthat()
            }
       }

    }

    //...

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Online-Betting.me.uk > Betting News > Premier League Betting > Premier League Betting Odds & Predictions – Matchday 25
Premier League Betting Odds & Predictions – Matchday 25
Odds & predictions from matchday 25 in the Premier League
11th February 2022 / Gareth Hinton
Bruno Fernandes / Manchester United ©IMAGO / Poolfoto 16.08.2020
Matchday 25 of the 2021-22 Premier League season will take place over the course of the weekend. The action gets underway on Saturday afternoon when Manchester United and Southampton meet at Old Trafford.
Elsewhere this weekend, Manchester City travel to Norwich City, Newcastle United host Aston Villa, and Leicester City and West Ham United meet at the King Power Stadium. Check out our matchday 25 Premier League predictions.
Premier League Matchday 25: Best Betting Football Tips
Manchester United vs. Norwich City: Premier League Betting Tip
The weekend's Premier League action gets up and running on Saturday afternoon when Ralf Rangnick's Man United welcome Ralph Hasenhuttl's Southampton to Old Trafford. The Saints held United to a draw in the reverse fixture at St Mary's, but the Red Devils are the odds-on favourites here.
Man United will be looking to get back to winning ways after drawing 1-1 with lowly Burnley at Turf Moor last time out. They were also beaten in the FA Cup by EFL Championship side Middlesbrough just before. However, since Rangnick took over at Old Trafford, United have lost just one Premier League game.
Cristiano Ronaldo to score first
(odds taken 1205 GMT, Friday 11 February)
Southampton have picked up several eye-catching results this season, holding Premier League champions Man City to two draws along the way. They were up to their old tricks again in midweek, coming from behind twice to win 3-2 at the Tottenham Hotspur Stadium. Can the Saints cause another upset at the weekend?
Man United won this fixture 9-0 last season, but things could be much different this time. We fancy Southampton to hold Man United to another frustrating stalemate. Check out the draw and both teams to score at 4/1.
Manchester United 4/7
Draw 13/4
Southampton 19/4
* Bookmaker Unibet
Odds: 4/1 odds taken 1207 GMT, Friday 11 February
Norwich City vs. Manchester City: Best Premier League Betting Predictions
Premier League champions and leaders Man City travel to Norfolk on Saturday evening to face a rejuvenated Norwich outfit. The Canaries may have picked up of late, but the Citizens are the red-hot favourites at Carrow Road.
Dean Smith has certainly improved Norwich, with the club winning four of their last six in all competitions. The Canaries have given themselves a fighting chance in their quest for Premier League survival, winning two and drawing one of their last three.
Since losing at home to Crystal Palace back in October, Man City have dropped just two points from their following 14 Premier League games to move nine points clear at the top of the table. However, they were held to a draw by Southampton in their last away match.
Man City eased past Brentford with a 2-0 home victory in midweek, and we can see the champions getting three points and keeping a clean sheet at Carrow Road on Saturday. Take a punt on the visitors to win to nil at the decent price of 4/5.
Norwich City 17/1
Draw 7/1
Manchester City 1/7
Newcastle United vs. Aston Villa: EPL Betting Odds & Predictions
Eddie Howe's Newcastle and Steven Gerrard's Aston Villa do battle at St James' Park in a huge matchup this Sunday. The Magpies have won their last two, while the Villans are unbeaten in three in the league. Who will come out on top at St James'?
Newcastle have moved out of the bottom three after two massive wins. After beating Leeds United 1-0 at Elland Road before the break, they got the better of Frank Lampard's Everton in midweek. The Magpies will be desperate to make it three victories on the bounce at the weekend.
Gerrard has certainly improved Aston Villa, and the Midlands club head to St James' having won one and drawn two of their past three Premier League fixtures. After drawing 3-3 at home with Leeds on Wednesday, Villa will be hoping to get back to winning ways in this one.
Newcastle would love a third successive victory, but a draw would not be a bad result. The draw and both teams to score is available at the tempting odds of 3/1.
Newcastle United 17/10
Draw 49/20
Aston Villa 33/20
Leicester City vs. West Ham United: Best Premier League Betting Tips on Matchday 25
On Sunday afternoon, Leicester and West Ham go head-to-head in a fascinating Premier League fixture at the King Power Stadium. After the midweek win over Watford, the Hammers moved back into the UEFA Champions League places.
Leicester are enduring a tough spell at present, losing three and drawing one of their last four in all competitions. After being thumped in the cup by Championship team Nottingham Forest last weekend, Brendan Rodgers' boys were beaten 2-0 at Anfield in midweek.
After back-to-back defeats to Leeds and Man United, Tuesday's narrow win over Watford at the London Stadium was just what the doctor ordered for the West Ham faithful. Results went their way and the Irons moved back into the Premier League's top four.
Leicester will be eager to stop the rot in front of their home supporters, but West Ham will fancy their chances at the King Power. It could be tight on the scoreline, but our money is going on the away victory. Take a punt on West Ham to win by one goal at 33/10.
Leicester City 37/20
West Ham United 29/20
Odds: 33/10 odds taken 1225 GMT, Friday 11 February
Odds & predictions from matchday 3 in th...
Premier League Betting Odds & Predictions – Matchday 3
Premier League Relegation Betting Odds -...
Premier League Relegation betting Odds & Preview 2022/23
Nottingham Forest 2022-23 betting odds &...
2022-23 Premier League Betting Preview – Nottingham Forest
Bournemouth 2022-23 betting odds & predi...
2022-23 Premier League Betting Preview – Bournemouth
Premier League Betting Tips
English Premier League Injuries & Suspensions List
Category : Premier League Betting | Betting news Home
Daily Acca Tips
Daily Racing Tips
News - CATEGORIES
Championship Betting
Europa League Betting
Novelty Betting & Other Events Betting


text:
Jakub Šenšel aka Minor Rain started producing in 2009 From this year, actively involved in the production, along with his friend as soundNbeats. They have issued many labels like Breakfast Audio, Fokuz, Celsius, and more... In 2011 he created his own project called Minor Rain where he focuses on deeper styles and experimental electronic music. Below Zero has always been a big fan of Loodma Recordings
The latest EP due out May 28th, 2018 is "Purple Waves" and it is another journey into eclectic downbeat arrangements.
Check out all these releases on Loodma Recordings by Minor Rain:
Tomorrow's Sunrise
These Moments
Jakub Šenšel is from Martin, Slovakia and began his project, Minor Rain in 2010. Hearing the old familiar styles and deep rhythms suddenly all makes sense when you realize he is also a member of the drum-n-bass band, 'SoundnBeats' which started producing in 2009. They have released on labels such as Sinous, Fokuz, SMPTM, Celsius, IM:LTD and Break-Fast Audio.
In a time where music has gotten more aggressive in breaks, house, and drum-n-bass, it is extremely refreshing, much like a Minor Rain to have the atmospheric and psychedelic drops of sound hit and chill down your spine.
Anatoly ICE is a break-beat DJ who has Bob Marley's tracks in his playlists, a house DJ obsessed with funk and soul, a hip-hop DJ crazy about Beck and Bjork. His power is in mixing different genres together, in wiping the rims out, in modern electronic vibes of traditional funk of 70's. Anatoly ICE is a break-beat DJ who has Bob Marley's tracks in his playlists, a house DJ obsessed with funk and soul, a hip-hop DJ crazy about The Clash and Bjork. Mixing different genres together, wiping the rims out, in modern electronic vibes of traditional funk of 70's. At the moment you can catch me in various Russian clubs from Moscow to Siberia, where I am playing my music as DJ and as live act, using decks, FXs and tricks...
My live project called Icebound. Everything influenced by 70s funk, soul, disco. Also by dub & jazz related stuff. All of that You can hear during my "Rare Performances". My live shows. When I am playing my music mixing it with various loops, grooves, sounds and songs, records, 45s & 12s. What else? I am funky music addict. Collect vinyl records. 45s, 12s, LPs. I love djing. Playing weekly in Moscow's cafes. Also I am participate in many gigs which is dedicated to breaks music, nu skool and old skool.
Some words about my music. It's 80% sampled tunes. I am sampling all kinds of stuff, from funk and jazz to rock, pop, tv shows, computer games and movies. Playing with samples via my MPC. other 20% it's my guitar and keyboard playing. Oh yes. I love my Rhodes. From 2006 till 2007 Anatoly was in charge for Funk & Beyond radio show wich was broadcasted on Moscow's Megapolis FM. Dedicated to all colours of funk soul, jazz and disco music. Now this radioshow is avalable as podcast.
The third and final installment from Niteppl, "Hope Springs Eternal" is an impressive expression of contemporary electronic stylings. Emotive lyrics and Sawyer's brooding vocal work couples with San Giovanni's savant productions for the duo's most ambitious and well defined work to date. A bittersweet offering as it also marks their departure from the project as they delve into new frontiers (Sawyer as a score producer in Atlanta and Alton as the newest member of Low Roar), "Hope Springs Eternal" closes the book on Niteppl.
Distributed by Label Engine - www.label-engine.com
ID3 (Leee Zimmer) is a talented young music producer based in Rayleigh, a small town in Essex, England. From a young age Leee was fascinated with all kinds of music ranging from Rock to Dance. This fascination only spiraled out of control when he met his best friends brother who happened to be a talented music producer. From then on music became a part of his everyday life then leee began his journey as a musician. Look for his releases out on Loodma Recordings.
Silence & Air
There is not a lot online in regards to this amazing release, "Trapmosphere" by Silence & Air which features 10 tracks off the label Elbroar.
Camilla Luna
Polished Chrome - Happiness
Lo Tide - At The End
Sine Music - Cosmic Chill Lounge Vol. 7


text:
>> Politics and Government
>> Nevada
2016 a record year for solar power in Nevada
As solar and renewable energy measures took center stage at the Legislature on Wednesday, a national group reported that Nevada more than doubled its solar capacity in 2016 to 2,191 megawatts over 1,033 megawatts in 2015.
By SEAN WHALEY REVIEW-JOURNAL CAPITAL BUREAU
March 8, 2017 - 9:32 pm
Updated March 8, 2017 - 10:43 pm
The Silver State South Solar Energy Center in Primm on Thursday, Dec. 8, 2016, in Las Vegas. (Erik Verduzco/Las Vegas Review-Journal Follow @Erik_Verduzco)
CARSON CITY — As solar and renewable energy measures took center stage at the Legislature on Wednesday, a national group reported that Nevada more than doubled its solar capacity in 2016 to 2,191 megawatts over 1,033 megawatts in 2015.
Nevada had the fourth-fastest growth of any state last year and is now the fourth-largest solar state, moving up one spot from last year, according to the report from GTM Research and the Solar Energy Industries Association.
Utility-scale projects boomed in Nevada in 2016, even while residential projects slowed due to changes in the state's net metering policy that significantly slowed rooftop solar installations, the solar association reported.
Nationally, the U.S. solar market had its biggest year ever in 2016, nearly doubling its previous record and adding more electric generating capacity than any other source of energy for the first time ever. The findings are in the U.S. Solar Market Insight 2016 Year-in-Review report.
"It would be hard to overstate how impressive 2016 was for the solar industry," said Abigail Ross Hopper, the group's president and CEO. "Prices dropped to all-time lows, installations expanded in states across the country and job numbers soared."
The Nevada Legislature on Wednesday heard testimony in support of Assembly Bill 206 by Assemblyman Chris Brooks, D-Las Vegas. It would increase the state's renewable portfolio standard to 50 percent by 2030 and 80 percent by 2040.
One supporter was Sig Rogich, a board member of the Clean Energy Project advocacy group and president of The Rogich Communications Group, who said in a statement: "Nevada needs to continue to update its RPS to better reflect the growing market demand for clean power and Nevada's potential to become the nation's leading producer and consumer of renewable energy."
Rogich said the bill sets an aggressive but achievable goal that may have amendments along the way, "but it's an intelligent approach to attract increased clean energy investment and new clean energy jobs."
Many speakers testified in support of the bill.
Fred Voltz of Carson City was one of the few to criticize the legislation, saying the effects of any such mandate must be analyzed for the impacts on ratepayers. Fossil fuels will always be required for when the sun is not out and the winds aren't blowing, he said.
Prior to the hearing held in the Assembly Commerce and Labor Subcommittee on Energy, Assemblyman Justin Watkins, D-Las Vegas, introduced Assembly Bill 270, which would restore full retail-rate net metering for Nevada rooftop solar customers.
"This bill would reinstate one of the most important state policies for empowering consumers to produce their own solar power," Watkins said.
Contact Sean Whaley at swhaley@reviewjournal.com or 775-461-3820. Follow @seanw801 on Twitter.
SOLAR CAPACITY GROWS
The Solar Energy Industries Association's report to the Nevada Legislature on Wednesday included many highlights for the Silver State:
— Nevada more than doubled its solar capacity in 2016 to 2,191 megawatts over 1,033 megawatts in 2015.
— 360,000 homes are powered by solar.
— 7.3 percent of the state's electricity is from solar.
— The state has 8,371 solar jobs, fourth-most in the country.
Click here for complete coverage of solar and energy issues in the Las Vegas Review-Journal
Posted on: Business, Energy, Nevada, News, Politics and Government
MOST READ: POLITICS & GOVT
Private and passionate, Jeff German loved his work, sports and family
Developer eyes condo tower, grocery store for downtown Las Vegas
Robert Telles' murder trial postponed
Ex-judge who resigned after ethics probe dies by suicide
California lags as other Colorado River states agree on water cuts
Don't miss the big stories. Like us on Facebook.
CCSD to spend over $270K on 'culture and climate' study
By Julie Wootton-Greener / RJ
The Clark County School Board approved a $274,310 purchasing award to Public Consulting Group last week for the study. A final report is expected in early June.
Former electrician hopes to reform medical debt collection during first legislative session
By Taylor R. Avery / RJ
Assemblyman Max Carter II, a newly elected lawmaker from east Las Vegas, hopes to reform medical debt collection during his first term in office.
History teacher, former Marine hopes to increase education spending
Assemblyman Reuben D'Silva, a new lawmaker from east Las Vegas, said increasing funding for K-12 and higher education is his top priority.
Steven Horsford to meet with Joe Biden to discuss police reform
By Jessica Hill / RJ
The Congressional Black Caucus chairman is calling for changes following the death of Tyre Nichols at the hands of Memphis police officers.
Former Las Vegas judge appointed to Gaming Control Board
By Richard N. Velotta / RJ
George Assad was also a prosecutor in the Clark County District Attorney's Office and was a regulator with the Nevada Transportation Authority.
Nevada board to consider new tax abatements for Tesla
The Governor's Office of Economic Development is set to consider a request for new tax abatements from Tesla.
Titus introduces bill to ban high-capacity magazines
The Keep Americans Safe Act would ban the importation, sale, manufacture, transfer, or possession of high-capacity magazines that hold more than 15 rounds.
By Colton Lochhead / RJ
Six out of seven Colorado River basin states have settled on a proposed set of cuts aimed at saving the crumbling river system and preventing Lake Mead and Lake Powell from crashing — with one very notable state missing from the agreement.
STEVE SEBELIUS: 3 ideas for the 2023 Legislature
By Steve Sebelius / RJ
The 2023 Legislature will consider more than 1,000 bills and resolutions. Here are three ideas they should adopt before they adjourn in June.
Thousands of California businesses have fled Golden State for Las Vegas
By McKenna Ross / RJ
January 28, 2023 - 9:08 am January 31, 2023 - 10:32 am
Online retailer TheDrop.com launched in San Francisco in 2017, but CEO Matt Falcinelli knew all along that when it was time to establish the streetwear company's headquarters it couldn't be in California.
Ex-Nevada lawmaker settles into new gig after leaving office early
Federal loan proposed for lithium mine despite environmental concerns
FBI joins investigation of terror attack on MGM Mega Solar Array
Nevada receives 'A' grade on election report card
Lombardo sworn in as governor in small Carson City ceremony


text:
Home » Indy library board member resigns amid continued backlash
Indy library board member resigns amid continued backlash
January 11, 2023 | Taylor Wooten
Keywords City-County Council / Diversity / Indianapolis-Marion County Public Library
Black librarians yank national conference from Indy
Indianapolis-based High Alpha shifting to a founder-first model of biz creation
City-county councilors urge library to appoint Hayes as CEO
Art & Soul performances to celebrate 'Kings & Queens'
Stadium construction manager with Indy ties pays $1.9M over minority hiring
TD Robinson, the senior pastor of Mt. Paran Baptist Church, has resigned from the Indianapolis Public Library Board amid an ongoing controversy over the selection of a new library CEO.
In December, the board's decision to offer the job to Gabriel Morley, a non-Black former director of libraries in New Orleans and Atlanta, over Nichelle Hayes, a Black woman and longtime Indy library employee, prompted concerns of racial discrimination.
Mention of Robinson's resignation began at the regular meeting of the City-County Council Monday night. Despite nothing on the council's agenda correlating directly with the library system, about 50 attendees held yellow signs asking the council to remove their two appointees from the library board.
But one attendee interrupted the proceedings to ask the council to remove Library Board President Hope Tribble, stating that Robinson had already resigned.
The attendee was escorted out of the meeting by police, with the other protesters receiving a warning from City-County Council President Vop Osili that he would stall the meeting until "everyone" was escorted out if there were more interruptions. The group later marched out while chanting "remove Hope now."
A spokesperson for the library confirmed his Robinson's resignation to IBJ on Tuesday. Robinson could not immediately be reached for comment. The process for his replacement will be determined by the City-County Council, which appointed him.
Robinson's name was also missing from a Jan. 5 statement from four current and former IndyPL board members, despite his initial vote aligning with the statement.
Because Robinson has resigned and former board President Jose Salinas could be replaced now that his term has ended, that would leave just two members of the board that had voted to give the CEO position to Morley.
Curtis Bigsbee abstained from the CEO vote, but signed the statement Jan. 5 along with other supporters of the Morley decision. Two other board members, Khaula Murtadha and Patricia Payne, have been supportive of choosing Hayes for the position since the first vote.
Appointments to the two open positions, one by the City-County Council for Robinson's spot and the other by the Indianapolis Board of School Commissioners to Salinas' post, could potentially turn the tide in favor of naming Hayes CEO.
Representatives for those two appointing boards did not immediately offer comment on the situation.
Interim Chief Public Services Officer Gregory Hill is currently acting CEO of the library system. In a press release Dec. 19, the board announced that a new interim CEO would be appointed in early 2023 and the search for a new library CEO would restart.
The new interim CEO will be a community member without ties to the library, the release said. Former candidates for CEO will also be allowed in the renewed search process.
7 thoughts on "Indy library board member resigns amid continued backlash"
JJ Frankie J. says:
The city council called this person a racist… but they were the ones who appointed them?
This is quickly turning into a goat rodeo
Michael D. says:
These library board members must be getting a lot of free books to put up with this nonsense.
Neil D. says:
What happened to a "Meritocracy?" Is Nichelle Hayes as qualified as Gabriel Morely? Is a person's skin color now the preeminent qualification for employment now? To then intimate racism is somewhat Hypocritical. While promoting within an organization works, many organizations hire from outside to promote less insulated thinking.
21 R. says:
What's the point of an independent board when "the community" wants strong arm politics to carry the day? Also, the number of people that care about this that get labeled as representative of the community is very small in the grand scheme of things – it's just a group with a very strong sense of racial entitlement, likely a harbinger of what future Indy politics will look like unfortunately. Every other city that has gone down this path before us has kicked off a decline in the middle and upper middle class as people vote with their feet.
KEITH B. says:
Great point about the racial politics being rediculious.
Go to the City of Indianapolis jobs website sometime. There's more crap about
equal opportunity employment and inclusion than there is information about
a posted job. I mean it is really overboard with the politically correct nonsense.
JM R. says:
What a cluster! Restart the hiring process and include Nichelle Hayes anyone else who wants to be considered. May the best person win. *eyeroll*
DAN AND BETH H. says:
Hope Tribble, President of the Library Board, is highly qualified. I've known her for years. She is Black. Her letter to the Council is spot on. The person the Board is seeking now is not the permanent CEO. Rather, a majority of Trustees have announced their intention to a qualified and neutral interim administrative caretaker for the Library drawn from outside the Library's
ranks. Like an interim minister, the interim director is there to listen and prepare the library for change. Those are special skills. If the goal is identifying the problems and coming up with solutions that work for all, it seems that a neutral interim administrator makes sense.


text:
Skip to main content Skip to audio player
Intelligent. Optimistic. Curious.
Deep Tracks
Sonic Sidebar
The News From Poems
Ideas from Africa
Home » Articles »
A Museum Of The Mundane
The Museum of Everyday Life is in Clare Dolan's barn. Steve Paulson (TTBOOK)
Listen now Download file
Steve Paulson
Tucked away on a back road near the town of Glover, the Museum of Everyday Life is surrounded by endless miles of trees and meadows in the remote part of Vermont known as the Northeast Kingdom. But if you have a taste for curiosities and small wonders, this museum is definitely worth the drive.
Clare Dolan in the museum's vestibule. Steve Paulson (TTBOOK)
Museum founder and curator Clare Dolan calls it "an ongoing, revolutionary experiment" — a celebration of "the mysterious delight embedded in the banal but beloved objects we touch every day."
This "self-service museum" is in Dolan's barn, across the driveway from her house. Visitors are on their own once they arrive. They turn on the lights upon entering and shut them off when they leave. A donation jar sits near the exit. They're unlikely to see Dolan herself. Most likely, she's off at her day job as a nurse in the ICU at a nearby hospital. Or dancing on stilts at the nearby Bread and Puppet Theater.
The museum is filled with familiar objects: scissors, safety pins, locks and keys, bells and whistles, toothbrushes, pencils, matches. Even dust. They're all objects from exhibits showcased since the museum opened in 2011. Some were found in basements and attics, while others were donated by private collectors.
Fur chastity hot pants. Steve Paulson (TTBOOK)
There are quirky artistic renditions — for instance, a pair of toothbrushes, one with human hair instead of bristles, the other with tiny human teeth. There's a collection of dresses, one covered with dozens of keys sewn into the fabric, another made of safety pins and a third constructed out of mirrors. A touch of kitsch is also evident throughout the museum. Take, for example, the "fur chastity hot pants," complete with two locks.
And that exhibit on dust? "Some people say it was our best one," Dolan chuckles.
She calls dust "an essential particle." Her exhibit featured coal dust, gold dust and even space dust she tracked down from NASA's chief curator of cosmic dust. She also has a display of tone balls — accumulations of dust and hair that get lodged in the cavities of stringed instruments like violins and guitars.
"Some musicians prefer to leave the tone balls in place because they feel they are part of what gives a particular instrument its special sound," she says.
A specially-designed key dress.Steve Paulson (TTBOOK)
Dolan calls herself the museum's "chief operating philosopher." For all the playfulness of her collection, she's making a serious point. Our society "venerates the exotic and the expensive, the rare and precious, just as we venerate celebrity," she tells us during our visit. "But I feel it's super-important to make a place for us. We're not celebrities, but our life stories and connections to ordinary objects are totally worthy of a museum. So I had to make one."
The museum's current exhibit is on knots. The collection ranges from fish nets and neckties to its most disturbing item — a noose, which is tucked behind a small wall.
"It's hard to know how to display an object like this," Dolan says. "You don't want to put it in its normal hanging position, but it's also incredibly important if you're going to talk about a knot. It's one of the most recognizable knots there is, so it's important to talk about the history of its role in the murder of Black Americans."
So why mount an exhibit on knots? "The knot is one of our oldest technologies," Dolan says. "It's basically the thing that enabled humans to make compound objects. You can tie, hold, lash, bind. How did you tie the arrowhead to the spear? How did you lash the palm leaves together to make a roof?"
This noose was found at a yard sale and donated to the museum.Steve Paulson (TTBOOK)
One of the many knots on display.Steve Paulson (TTBOOK)
The knot also carries metaphorical weight. That binding quality can be constricting as well. "We talk about knotty problems or the knot we have in our stomach when we're nervous," she said.
Dolan's fascination with everyday objects goes back to her childhood.
"I was always a doll person," she says. "When I was a kid, I collected pebbles and tiny mice figurines — you know, the weirdest things. I loved to collect things and arrange them. I'm a kook. I'm one of those people who's deeply in touch with the inherent presence that sits inside of objects. I talk to things — like, 'Thanks, chair.' Animism was a religion for a really long time — that feeling that there's a spirit, a presence, inside a lot of objects. You feel it."
Interview Details 📻
Why Do We Have So Much Stuff?
Discussed In This Interview
Clare Dolan
Museum Curator
museumofeverydaylife.org
This piece was also published on WPR.org
Anne Strainchamps
Angelo Bautista
Original Air Date:
Which show do you want updates from?
To The Best Of Our Knowledge
More Interviews
How Phineas Gage's Freak Accident Changed Brain Science
Was The Art Worth All The Pain?
Colson Whitehead's 'The Underground Railroad'
Romare Bearden's 'Circe,' Black and Powerful
Would You Give Your Kidney to a Stranger?
Interviews by Date
Topics: Arts & Culture
Topics: Politics & History
Topics: Religion & Philosophy
Topics: Science & Technology
See our frequently asked questions
On Now:


What do Chloe Grace Moretz, Naomie Harris, Olivia Munn, AJ Michalka, Jessica Lowndes, Amanda Crew, and Emma Bell have in common? They're all wearing Jenny Dayco jewelry in Nylon magazine! And there's a great little feature on my jewelry line in Nylon Japan! Also check out the behind the scenes video of Chloe's shoot, she mentions my "okra bullet" earrings!


It's only when you stop having something, only when you deny yourself the pleasures of a drug that you realise just how addicted to it you are, isn't it? My head is pounding, I feel annoyed at the world and I want to throw things around in a Wee Bit of a Snit, as Mr. Scott once said.
Yesterday was the first day of me cutting back on my caffeine intake.
I know, I know, you're probably all laughing at me right now, but I have a non-caffeine intake headache of primarch proportions. I had one cup of coffee today. One. All day. Normally, I've had about six by lunchtime alone. But I committed to a two-week detox-style diet with a work colleague, and reduced caffeine intake is on the list. This is probably a good thing, I'm reasoning, because I DO drink far too much of the stuff. This detox. No caffeine, no bread, no carbs at all after 6pm… it's like some kind of slow, horrible torture.
However, it'll theoretically be beneficial in the long run, so I'll stop complaining.
What else is new? Not much. LRP is getting sorted out, which is a relief. I was starting to get sick of the constant whining when all of a sudden, the circle of influence mustered by the Key Whinger seemed to shrink and less people paid attention to anything they had to say. Bonus!
Have been working on the re-write of my character, as she's Getting Much Harder in the upcoming game year due to all sorts of complicated reasons. Was quite pleased with the initial suggestion I put across, even more so when the others on the plot team jumped on it and liked it as well. Nice and dramatic with the opportunity for unnecessary amounts of fake blood all over myself. Always fun.
(There's a reason I like the Blood Angels, you know).
Sat down with a three word opening sentence that had been nudging at me all night and rattled off about two thousand words in an astonishingly short space of time. Nice to know the creative juices are still flowing. The less caffeine I have, the angrier my characters become, though.
Other than that, it's all very quiet on the western front. Work is work, Being Human was awesome the other night – very much looking forward to the series finale on Sunday and I have a physiotherapist appointment next Monday in the continued efforts to deal with my progressively worse tennis elbow.
So… in short, it's a case of move along – nothing to see here.
In the meantime, here's a picture that makes me laugh, but which nobody I work with finds remotely amusing.
This entry was posted in General, Writing and tagged blather, life, LRP, Writing.


text:
Q: Set autocomplete input field display value different from actual value I have a text field in my form which is filled using this autocomplete script. When a value is selected from the autocomplete suggestions, I want the field to be filled with the displayed value from the suggestions, (stored in array arr), but I want a different value to be submitted along with the POST request when the form is submitted (stored in array arr2).
The code:
b.innerHTML += "<input type='hidden' value = '" + arr[i] + "'>";
b.addEventListener("click", function(e) {
    inp.value = this.getElementsByTagName("input")[0].value;
    closeAllLists();
});
a.appendChild(b);

arr array contains the values that should be displayed, while another array arr2 contains the actual values that should be passed during the POST request.
What I have tried already:
1) I tried using the data-value property to hold the actual values and tried to set it as inp.value but in that case when I click a suggestion, it does not get autofilled.
b.innerHTML += "<input type='hidden' data-value = '" + arr2[i] + "' value = '" + arr[i] + "'>";
b.addEventListener("click", function(e) {
    inp.value = this.getElementsByTagName("input")[0].data-value;
    closeAllLists();
});
a.appendChild(b);

2) I tried setting the value property directly to the values from arr2 but then on clicking a suggestion, the input field gets filled with the value that has to be passed, and not the one that has to be displayed. Code below:
b.innerHTML += "<input type='hidden' value = '" + arr2[i] + "'>";
b.addEventListener("click", function(e) {
    inp.value = this.getElementsByTagName("input")[0].value;
    closeAllLists();
});
a.appendChild(b);

A: I don't think it's a good idea to have two separated arrays when their data related. I prefer to think on pairs. So, I used arr  (and countries in the  W3CSchools example) as JSON with:
var countries = {
  "Afghanistan": "af",
  "Algeria": "al",
  "República Argentina": "ar",
  "Belgium": "be",
  "Chile": "ch",
};

That's taking arr for keys and arr2 for values.
Object.keys(countries) will be the array for the 2nd. parameter of autocomplete function. In the call:,
autocomplete(document.getElementById("myInput"), Object.keys(countries));

When submitting (onSubmit), you can assign the value to the hidden field, which must have a name attribute
<form [...] onsubmit="prepareData()" >

And then a function
function prepareData() {
  document.getElementById("myHiddenField").value = countries[document.getElementById("myInput").value];
}

I applied this to the W3CSchools example, here is the working example

function getCountry() {
  // I just alert the value, this snippet does not go anywhere
  alert( countries[document.getElementById("myInput").value]);
}

function autocomplete(inp, arr) {
  /*the autocomplete function takes two arguments,
  the text field element and an json (array) of possible autocompleted PAIR OF values:*/
  var currentFocus;
  /*execute a function when someone writes in the text field:*/
  inp.addEventListener("input", function(e) {
      var a, b, i, val = this.value;
      /*close any already open lists of autocompleted values*/
      closeAllLists();
      if (!val) { return false;}
      currentFocus = -1;
      /*create a DIV element that will contain the items (values):*/
      a = document.createElement("DIV");
      a.setAttribute("id", this.id + "autocomplete-list");
      a.setAttribute("class", "autocomplete-items");
      /*append the DIV element as a child of the autocomplete container:*/
      this.parentNode.appendChild(a);
      /*for each item in the array...*/
      for (i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
        /*check if the item starts with the same letters as the text field value:*/
        if (arr[i].substr(0, val.length).toUpperCase() == val.toUpperCase()) {
          /*create a DIV element for each matching element:*/
          b = document.createElement("DIV");
          /*make the matching letters bold:*/
          b.innerHTML = "" + arr[i].substr(0, val.length) + "";
          b.innerHTML += arr[i].substr(val.length);
          /*insert a input field that will hold the current array item's value:*/
          b.innerHTML += "<input type='hidden' value='" + arr[i] + "'>";
          /*execute a function when someone clicks on the item value (DIV element):*/
          b.addEventListener("click", function(e) {
              /*insert the value for the autocomplete text field:*/
              inp.value = this.getElementsByTagName("input")[0].value;
              /*close the list of autocompleted values,
              (or any other open lists of autocompleted values:*/
              closeAllLists();
          });
          a.appendChild(b);
        }
      }
  });
  /*execute a function presses a key on the keyboard:*/
  inp.addEventListener("keydown", function(e) {
      var x = document.getElementById(this.id + "autocomplete-list");
      if (x) x = x.getElementsByTagName("div");
      if (e.keyCode == 40) {
        /*If the arrow DOWN key is pressed,
        increase the currentFocus variable:*/
        currentFocus++;
        /*and and make the current item more visible:*/
        addActive(x);
      } else if (e.keyCode == 38) { //up
        /*If the arrow UP key is pressed,
        decrease the currentFocus variable:*/
        currentFocus--;
        /*and and make the current item more visible:*/
        addActive(x);
      } else if (e.keyCode == 13) {
        /*If the ENTER key is pressed, prevent the form from being submitted,*/
        e.preventDefault();
        if (currentFocus > -1) {
          /*and simulate a click on the "active" item:*/
          if (x) x[currentFocus].click();
        }
      }
  });
  function addActive(x) {
    /*a function to classify an item as "active":*/
    if (!x) return false;
    /*start by removing the "active" class on all items:*/
    removeActive(x);
    if (currentFocus >= x.length) currentFocus = 0;
    if (currentFocus < 0) currentFocus = (x.length - 1);
    /*add class "autocomplete-active":*/
    x[currentFocus].classList.add("autocomplete-active");
  }
  function removeActive(x) {
    /*a function to remove the "active" class from all autocomplete items:*/
    for (var i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
      x[i].classList.remove("autocomplete-active");
    }
  }
  function closeAllLists(elmnt) {
    /*close all autocomplete lists in the document,
    except the one passed as an argument:*/
    var x = document.getElementsByClassName("autocomplete-items");
    for (var i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
      if (elmnt != x[i] && elmnt != inp) {
        x[i].parentNode.removeChild(x[i]);
      }
    }
  }
  /*execute a function when someone clicks in the document:*/
  document.addEventListener("click", function (e) {
      closeAllLists(e.target);
      });
}

/*A JSON containing all the country names in the world:*/

var countries={"Afghanistan":"af","Algeria":"al","Argentina":"ar","Belgium":"be","Chile":"ch"};
/*initiate the autocomplete function on the "myInput" element, and pass along the countries array as possible autocomplete values:*/

autocomplete(document.getElementById("myInput"), Object.keys(countries));
* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
body {
  font: 16px Arial;
}
.autocomplete {
  /*the container must be positioned relative:*/
  position: relative;
  display: inline-block;
}
input {
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  background-color: #f1f1f1;
  padding: 10px;
  font-size: 16px;
}
input[type=text] {
  background-color: #f1f1f1;
  width: 100%;
}
input[type=submit] {
  background-color: DodgerBlue;
  color: #fff;
  cursor: pointer;
}
.autocomplete-items {
  position: absolute;
  border: 1px solid #d4d4d4;
  border-bottom: none;
  border-top: none;
  z-index: 99;
  /*position the autocomplete items to be the same width as the container:*/
  top: 100%;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
}
.autocomplete-items div {
  padding: 10px;
  cursor: pointer;
  background-color: #fff;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #d4d4d4;
}
.autocomplete-items div:hover {
  /*when hovering an item:*/
  background-color: #e9e9e9;
}
.autocomplete-active {
  /*when navigating through the items using the arrow keys:*/
  background-color: DodgerBlue !important;
  color: #ffffff;
}
<!DOCTYPE html>

<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">

Autocomplete

Start typing:

<form autocomplete="off" action="/action_page.php" onsubmit="getCountry()">

    <input id="myInput" type="text" name="myCountry" placeholder="Country">

  <input type="submit">
</form>

A: Create a new hidden field which will hold the value that has to be passed and process it later.
c = document.createElement("DIV");
c.innerHTML = "<input type='hidden' value = '" + arr2[i] + "' name = 'newID'>";
this.parentNode.appendChild(c);


text:
Yona ibn Jannah (hébreu : יונה אבן ג'נאח Yona ibn Djanna'h, arabe : أبو الوليد مروان بن جناح Abu-'l-Walid Marwan ibn Jannaḥ, latin: Marinus), parfois appelé Rivag (ריב"ג) ou Rabbi Yona, est un rabbin et linguiste andalou du  (env. 990 à Cordoue - vers 1050 à Saragosse). Il est considéré comme la plus importante autorité rabbinique du Moyen Âge en matière de philologie hébraïque.

Éléments biographiques

Yona ibn Jannah naît à Cordoue, entre 985 et 990. Son véritable patronyme est sujet à discussion. Il semble probable que ses contemporains l'aient connu sous le nom arabe d'Abu-'l-Walid Marwan, dont Marinus est une forme latinisée. Ibn Jannah (arabe : « ailes ») pourrait être un surnom qui lui a été attribué postérieurement, en référence à son prénom Yona (hébreu : « colombe »).

Après avoir quitté sa ville natale en 1012, il étudie à Lucena auprès d'Isaac ibn Saul et Isaac ibn Gikatilla, l'un des trois disciples de Menahem ben Sarouk à l'avoir défendu contre les critiques de Dounash ben Labrat. Il apprendra la poésie hébraïque auprès du premier, et s'y essayera dans sa jeunesse, mais il reconnaîtra plus tard que le don de la poésie ne lui a pas été accordé. Isaac ibn Gikatilla, hautement versé dans l'étude de la langue arabe, semble avoir exercé une profonde influence sur son disciple, qui démontre rapidement une connaissance intime de la langue et de la littérature arabe, écrivant dans un style simple et élégant.

Ibn Jannah avait une formation de médecin, et était réputé comme tel, « le médecin » étant souvent rattaché à son nom. Il avait aussi étudié la philosophie et la logique, citant Aristote dans son Kitab al-Mustalḥaḳ, mais il s'opposait à la spéculation métaphysique. Son intérêt principal demeure cependant l'étude des Écritures et de leur idiome principal, l'hébreu biblique. Assisté dans ce domaine par plusieurs maîtres de Lucena, outre ceux mentionnés, il se réclamera également de Juda ben David Hayyuj, la plus haute autorité d'alors en matière de linguistique hébraïque. Cependant, s'il est possible qu'il l'ait croisé, il n'a pas pu étudier personnellement auprès de lui, car lorsqu'Ibn Jannaḥ revient à Cordoue, Ḥayyuj est déjà mort.

En 1012, Yona ibn Jannah est contraint, dans le contexte de la guerre civile en al-Andalus de quitter Cordoue une nouvelle fois. Après de nombreuses pérégrinations dans la péninsule ibérique, il finit par s'installer à Saragosse, où il se constitue rapidement un cercle d'études. Il écrit toutes ses œuvres, dont certaines ont été rédigées à la demande de ses disciples. Les talmudistes de Saragosse réprouvent cependant l'homme et ses études scientifiques, qui l'entraînent à corriger le texte massorétique lorsqu'il l'estime en contradiction avec la grammaire hébraïque, alors que de telles modifications leur semblent sacrilèges. Ibn Jannah répond, dans l'introduction à son Kitab al-Tanḳiḥ, n'y voir que de l'ignorance dissimulée sous un masque de piété, et évoque les maîtres du Talmud et les Gueonim dont les efforts visaient, comme les siens propres, à réconcilier l'étude de la Torah avec les découvertes des sciences profanes.

Connaisseur de la Vulgate et du Coran, Rabbi Yona polémique ensuite avec des lettrés musulmans et chrétiens. Son adversaire le plus important sera cependant Samuel ibn Nagrela qui lui reproche d'avoir critiqué les travaux de son maître, Hayyuj. En réalité, bien qu'Ibn Jannah l'ait critiqué et corrigé ses erreurs, il est un farouche défenseur de son système grammatical et n'oublie jamais, même dans ses critiques, le respect et la gratitude qu'il porte à l'homme auquel il doit son savoir, comme il le fait remarquer dans l'introduction à son premier ouvrage.

Yona ibn Jannah meurt à Saragosse, dans la première moitié du .

Œuvre

Comme la plupart des Juifs andalous de l'âge d'or de la culture juive en Espagne, Ibn Jannah a écrit ses œuvres en arabe. À l'exception du Kitab al-Talkhiṣ, un traité sur les remèdes simples, ainsi que leurs poids et mesures, mentionné par Ibn Abi Océbia dans son Vie des médecins comme l'auteur, elles ont toutes trait à la linguistique, se divisant en œuvres originales et en réponses à des disputes que ses livres ont suscitées.

Compléments à Hayyuj

Le premier travail de Rabbi Yona est le Kitab al-Mustalḥaḳ (Mustalḥaḳ a été rendu en hébreu sous les termes de Hassagot - « objections » - ou Tossefot - « notes » ou « complément »), entamé à Cordoue. Il consiste en une critique et une extension des deux livres de Juda ben David Hayyuj sur les verbes avec consonnes faibles et consonnes doubles. L'auteur dit avoir lu la Bible hébraïque huit fois pour collecter la matière de son ouvrage.

Un autre ouvrage, le Kitab al-Taḳrib wal-Tashil (hébreu : Sefer ha-Ḳerub weha-Yishshur, Livre pour rapprocher et faciliter), est un commentaire sur certains passages des écrits de Hayyuj, outre un excursus grammatical indépendant.

Réponses à ses contradicteurs

Le Kitab al-Taswiyah (hébreu : Sefer Hashwa'ah ou Tokaḥat, Livre de la Rétribution) est le compte-rendu d'une disputation s'étant tenue à Saragosse dans la demeure d'un ami, Abu Sulaiman ibn Taraḳa. Le livre contient la première mention d'attaques en préparation contre Ibn Jannah par le cercle d'Ibn Nagrela : Ibn Jannah énumère les critiques avancées par un Cordouan, proche d'Ibn Nagrela, contre des points isolés de son Mustalḥaḳ ; Ibn Jannah tente ensuite de les réfuter.

Le Kitab al-Tanbih (hébreu : Sefer Ha'arah, Livre de l'Excitation), est écrit en réponse à un pamphlet rédigé par ses ennemis à Saragosse. Prenant la forme d'une lettre à un ami de Cordoue, il traite longuement de plusieurs points de grammaire.

Ces deux livres, ainsi que le Kitab al-Mustalḥaḳ et le Kitab al-Taḳrib wal-Tashil, ont été édités en arabe avec une traduction française par Joseph et Hartwig Derenbourg sous le titre d'Opuscules et Traités d'Aboû l-Walîd Merwan ibn Djanâh de Cordoue (Paris, 1880).

La dernière œuvre polémique de Rabbi Yonah, son Kitab al-Tashwir (hébreu : Sefer ha-Haklamah, Livre de la Confusion), est en grande partie perdue. Cependant, Ibn Jannah en a repris la substance dans son Kitab al-Tanḳiḥ, et y fait souvent références à ces échanges qu'il appréciait grandement.

Le Livre de la Recherche Minutieuse

Le Kitab al-Tanḳiḥ (Livre de recherche minutieuse, traduit en hébreu par Juda ibn Tibbon sous le nom de Mahberet HaDiqdouq, Manuel de grammaire) est le grand-œuvre de Yona ibn Jannah, réalisé dans sa maturité.

Consacré à l'étude de la Bible hébraïque et de son langage, il est divisé en deux parties, grammaticale et lexicographique, chacune étant le premier énoncé complet de ces sujets, et étant présentée comme un livre à part.

Ibn Jannah excluant d'une part, sur base des résultats de ses recherches, l'ensemble des éléments traités dans les livres fondamentaux de Hayyuj et dans ses propres travaux antérieurs et, d'autre part, les discussions sur les voyelles et les accents, ceux-ci ne devant, selon lui, pas être traités ailleurs que dans les livres massorétiques, les deux parties du Kitab al-Tanḳiḥ contiennent de nombreuses lacunes ; celles-ci sont cependant contre-balancées par une masse de matériel dont le contenu dépasse les travaux purement grammaticaux et lexicographiques, comprenant notamment des notions de syntaxe, de rhétorique, d'herméneutique et d'exégèse bibliques.

Le Livre des Plates-Bandes de Fleurs Multicolores
La première partie, grammaticale, est intitulée Kitāb al-Lumaʿ (Livre des plates-bandes de fleurs multicolores, traduit en hébreu par Juda ibn Tibbon sous le nom de Sefer HaRikma), du fait de la grande diversité de sujets traités. Rabbi Yona s'inspire fortement des grammaires arabes de son temps, et en reprend de nombreuses règles et définitions ; certains passages sont même une transposition à l'hébreu de manuels arabes.

Précédé d'une introduction grammaticale à l'ensemble de l'œuvre, le Kitab al-Luma est la caractérisation la plus complète de la grammaire hébraïque réalisée jusqu'aux temps modernes, bien qu'il doive être lu, selon Ibn Jannah, aux côtés des deux grands-œuvres de Juda ben David Hayyuj et de quelques travaux antérieurs d'Ibn Jannah pour être véritablement exhaustif.

Le livre est agencé comme suit :
 la division des parties du langage, dont une première ébauche avait été réalisée par Saadia Gaon ; Ibn Jannah en clarifie les définitions et leurs fondements logiques, abordant en outre les différents types d'expression.
 les considérations sur ce que l'on nommerait de nos jours phonologie et morphologie hébraïques, qui sont exposées dans les 13 chapitres suivants : Ibn Jannah y traite en profondeur des lettres constituantes du mot (lettres-racines) et de celles qui lui sont ajoutées, des différentes modifications que peuvent subir les lettres (permutation, assimilation, accentuation au moyen d'un daguech ou d'un mappiq dans le cas de la lettre he), de celles qui affectent les voyelles, de la vocalisation du vav conjonctif, du vav conversif et du he interrogatif.
 la dérivation lexicale des mots (noms et verbes) et leur flexion, les formes duelles et plurielles, les genres et nombres, et d'autres sujets de ce type, qui sont également traités en 13 chapitres.
 la syntaxe hébraïque, qui est passée en revue au long de sept chapitres.
 les formes propres à la rhétorique hébraïque, qui font cinq chapitres. Il y analyse aussi les erreurs de style et de grammaire des poètes de son temps, parmi lesquels Dounash ben Labrat et Isaac ibn Saul.
 des formes exceptionnelles, regroupées dans cinq chapitres. Bien que non classées dans les chapitres antérieurs, elles peuvent répondre à leurs règles.

Une édition de l'original arabe a été réalisée par Joseph Derenbourg et Wilhelm Bacher (Paris, 1886). Une édition de la traduction de Juda ibn Tibbon a été effectuée à Francfort en 1855 par B. Goldberg et Raphael Kirchheim. Une traduction française du livre, intitulée Le Livre des Parterres Fleuris, a également été produite par Metzger (Paris, 1889)

Le Livre des Racines
La seconde partie, pourvue elle aussi d'une introduction, lexicale, est appelée Kitab al-Uṣul (Livre des Racines, traduit en hébreu par Juda ibn Tibbon sous le nom de Sefer HaShorashim).

Il s'agit d'un lexique de la Bible, dont les mots sont interprétés en se basant sur la littérature traditionnelle (Targoumim, Talmud, Midrash et littérature des Gueonim) mais aussi sur les traductions de la Bible en arabe, et sur l'analyse philologique comparée. Il comprend en outre de nombreuses notes exégétiques.

L'original arabe a été édité par Adolf Neubauer (Oxford, 1875), tandis que la traduction hébraïque de Juda ibn Tibbon l'a été par W. Bacher (Berlin, 1896).

Influence

Le Mikhlol produit par David Kimhi, un siècle après Ibn Jannah, diffuse les idées de celui-ci dans le monde juif, mais le fait paradoxalement tomber dans l'oubli. Cependant, les annales de la philologie hébraïque portent la marque de ses écrits, ainsi que celles de l'exégèse biblique, bien qu'Ibn Jannah n'ait pas lui-même écrit de commentaire sur la Bible hébraïque.

Ses travaux, redécouverts et particulièrement étudiés à partir du , sont à la base d'un grand nombre d'interprétations modernes. On considère même qu'ils ont jeté les bases de l'exégèse biblique universitaire.

Notes et références

Sources

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Histoire de la grammaire hébraïque
Histoire des Juifs à Saragosse
Histoire des Juifs en Espagne

Liens externes
  Le Sefer HaRikma, traduction du Kitab al-Luma par Juda ibn Tibbon, sur le site Seforim online
  Recueil des explications de Yona ibn Jannah sur la Bible

Bibliographie

 W. Bacher, Leben und Werke des Abulwalid Merwan ibn Ganach, (Leipzig, 1885)
 « Ibn Janah ». Encyclopædia Britannica. 2006.
  Yona ibn Jannah sur le site daat

Naissance à Cordoue
Rabbin du XIe siècle
Rabbin d'Al-Andalus
Philologue hébraïsant du califat de Cordoue
Date de naissance non renseignée (Xe siècle)
Date de décès non renseignée (XIe siècle)
Personnalité d'Al-Andalus au XIe siècle

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Book: Judaism— Revelation of Moses Or Religion of Men?
By Jesus' time, Pharisaism—what the apostle Paul once practiced and later called "the Jews' religion" (Gal. 1:13-14; KJV)—was poised to give birth to full-blown Judaism. All that was needed was one final catalyst, which, ironically, came in the form of the Roman destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple in 70 AD.
As touched on earlier, pinpointing exactly when Pharisaism "became Judaism" is largely a matter of opinion. Scholars unanimously agree, however, that the Pharisees made their greatest gains in influence only after the destruction of the Temple and the dismantling of the Sadducean priesthood. For example, quoting Jacob Neusner's Rabbinic Judaism (p. 31), Michael Hoffman writes that Judaism's "initial catalyst was neither the canonization of the Hebrew Bible nor [the Pharisees' studious] research of Scripture, but the demise of the Second Temple....." (Judaism Discovered, p. 215). From that time, Judaism developed entirely from the teachings of the Pharisees. As Joachim Jeremias notes, "the Sadducean role ended with the fall of Jerusalem, and the [religious] tradition [subsequently] handed down to us and fixed by the written word [in the form of the Mishnah] from the second century, came exclusively from their enemies the Pharisees" (Jerusalem in the Time of Jesus, p. 243; emphasis added). Indeed, as quoted earlier from The Jewish Encyclopedia, "Pharisaism shaped the character of Judaism and the life and thought of the Jew for all the future" ("Pharisees"). In a similar vein, George Robinson writes, "The importance of the Pharisees cannot be overemphasized. In the aftermath of the destruction of the Second Temple, it was only through the efforts of the rabbis, the heirs of the Pharisaic world-view, that Judaism [rather, Pharisaism, as Judaism had not yet fully coalesced] was able to survive at all" (Essential Judaism, p. 321).
In fact, it was precisely in the Jews' struggle to survive the events of 70 AD—and their subsequent defeat in 135 AD—that Judaism began to homogenize. Two developments were particularly important, both of which centered on education. First, the scribal role would give way to a new generation of highly organized teachers called rabbis (from a practical standpoint, scribe and rabbi are virtually synonymous). Derived from the Hebrew rab meaning great, rabbi means great one or master, but is typically used in the sense of teacher. While the term rabbi was widely used throughout New Testament times (John 1:38; etc.), Robinson notes that the "rabbinical role" took on greater significance after 70 AD—that it was, in some fundamental way, a new role (p. 359; footnote). Other scholars agree, writing that "the basic form of the rabbi developed in the [post-biblical] Talmudic era, when learned teachers assembled to codify Judaism's ..... oral laws" (wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbi).
Like the scribes of old, rabbis spent years in rigorous training. This new "rabbinic era" would be characterized by a network of academies in which to study the Scriptures as well as the growing body of oral laws. This naturally led to the second key development of the period: Rabbinical leaders would eventually conclude that the Pharisaic oral traditions had become largely unmanageable and should be codified, thus leading to the completion of the Mishnah by the end of the second century—the point many scholars consider to be the true beginning of Judaism.
The rabbis from about 70 AD through the end of the second century understood that the Jews' survival depended not on war and physical struggle, but on a new approach—one in which their religion took center stage. Jews would no longer be concerned with the Temple or even national sovereignty; instead, the Jewish people would establish their identity through the study of the Scriptures and the growing Mishnah. As a religion, Judaism would transcend all boundaries, enabling it to be practiced wherever Jews lived. And most importantly, because Jews would be living in what Solomon Grayzel calls "a land of the spirit," they would be virtually immune from Roman persecution (A History of the Jews, p. 192). From the rabbis' perspective, "knowledge was to give Judaism indestructible power" (p. 31).
Of this time, John Phillips writes, "As some of the more farsighted Jewish leaders saw it, the only hope for national survival lay in producing a counterculture, something distinctly Jewish, something that would match, rival and outlast the culture[s] of the various Gentile countries in which the dismembered parts of the Jewish nation now lay buried.... For the centuries ahead, perhaps indefinitely, the Jews would have to survive without a land, a capital, a national government, or an army.... They [would need to] be able to adapt and change and yet remain the same" (Exploring the World of the Jew, pp. 42-43; emphasis added). Learning from their experience in Babylon, the scribes had long ago begun to invent a form of religion that would enable Jews to cope with the loss of homeland and Temple. As Phillips adds, "The basic concepts [of a new Jewish religion] had already been hammered out [by the Pharisaic scribes, as found] in the [traditions of the] Midrash and the Mishnah." The rabbis of the post-biblical period only needed to build on that religious system in order to make Judaism "the true home of every Jew no matter where he lived, what language he spoke, or what cultural forces pressed upon him." In order for Judaism to succeed, its designers also knew that it had to be "capable of being reshaped and adapted" (p. 43; emphasis added). As we will see in the next chapter, adaptability is a key feature of the so-called oral law.
In his foreword to The Babylonian Talmud, Rabbi J. H. Hertz writes, "The delight of all those generations [following Ezra and Nehemiah] was in the Law of the Lord.... [Toward the end of the first century AD] academies arose for [the] systematic cultivation of this New Learning, as well as for the assiduous gathering of the oral traditions current from times immemorial concerning the proper observance of the commandments of the [written] Torah." (p. 14). One of the foremost rabbis of the first century was Johanan ben Zakkai, who strategically secured Rome's permission to open a school in the coastal town of Jabneh (also known as Jamnia) following the destruction of Jerusalem. Of this center of Rabbinic Judaism, Hertz writes: "By his academy at Jabneh, [Zakkai] rescued [the Jews' religion] from the shipwreck of the Roman destruction that overwhelmed the Jewish nation in the year 70 AD. Jabneh became the rallying ground of Jewish learning and the center of Jewish spiritual life" (p. 15). In fact, while the synagogue was Judaism's link to the Common People, it was the rabbinical academies that gave Judaism its growth and prestige. Grayzel writes that the success of the Jabneh academy helped to "prove, more than any other single event in [Jewish] history, that Spirit is mightier than the Sword" (p. 195).
Under Zakkai and the new rabbinical leadership emanating from Jabneh, "knowledge was to identify a Jew. The [priestly] nobility of blood which had existed among the Jews before the destruction of the Jewish state was to be replaced by a spiritual nobility of the mind and spirit. This spiritual nobility, the most respected group among the Jews, especially in Palestine, came to be known as rabbis" (p. 197). (This illusion of "nobility of the mind and spirit" will be exposed for its massive hypocrisy in a later chapter.) According to Phillips, "Zakkai was convinced that the Jews needed the oral law for their survival. They needed the Mishnah as a source of national identity in the dark days ahead. Deprived of their Temple, the Mish-nah would be their Temple" (p. 61; emphasis added). After also succeeding in reestablishing the Sanhedrin in Jabneh (albeit powerless and unrecognized by Rome), Zakkai set out to orchestrate the progress of the rapidly developing Mishnah. "Within ten years of the fall of Jerusalem, rabbinic law had established itself firmly at Jabneh" (p. 62; emphasis added).
Zakkai's work was continued by one of the most prominent rabbis of the period, Akiba ben Joseph. One of the key instigators of the Bar Kochba rebellion, Akiba was martyred in 132 AD and never saw the outcome of the failed revolt against Rome. Akiba is remembered most for his contributions to the development of the oral law. In fact, according to Hertz, Akiba was one of the "key architects" of the Mishnah. "Akiba was the author of a collection of traditional laws out of which the Mishnah actually grew.... His keen and penetrating intellect enabled him to find a biblical basis for every provision of the oral law" (p. 15; emphasis added).
Following the Jewish rebellion of 132-135 AD, the Jews' religion was again prohibited by Rome. Emperor Hadrian dismissed the Sanhedrin and closed the academies and synagogues; Sabbath observance and study of the Scriptures were forbidden on penalty of death; numerous rabbis were martyred. Decimating the population of Judea, a half million Jews died or were taken captive; thousands more fled to Babylon where there were still large Jewish communities. And no Jew was allowed to set foot in Jerusalem. However, according to Grayzel, "in time the Romans came to realize the uselessness of persecuting Judaism" (A History of the Jews, p. 185). By about 150 AD, Rome relaxed its prohibition against the Jews' religion. Rabbinical schools, synagogues and Jewish courts of law were soon reopened; a considerable number of Jews returned to Palestine—and, once again, the development of the Mishnah was top priority.
During the second century, the Mishnah continued to grow. With the passage of time, however, "the whole process of commentary and interpretation degenerated into foolish hair-splitting with each rabbi trying to outdo his fellows in wresting new absurdities from the Mishnah. Various schools of thought sprang up, each one claiming to have arrived at ultimate truth" (Phillips, Exploring the World of the Jew, p. 63). Enter Judah Hanasi, the great grandson of the illustrious Hillel. Grayzel writes that "few among the rabbis have left so deep an impression on Jewish life as Judah.... The Jews stood in great awe of him, and subsequent generations have spoken of him as 'Judah the Prince,' or 'Our Holy Teacher.'..... His prestige as well as his authority were enhanced when Rome recognized him as hereditary head of the Jewish people, with the title of Patriarch" (p. 206).
As president of the Sanhedrin, Hanasi was determined to put an end to the confusion surrounding the oral law and personally took the Mishnah in hand. After sorting through the mass of material, he deleted ideas he considered nonsense and rearranged the remainder by subject matter. Grayzel describes Hanasi's codification of the oral traditions: "Judah the Prince undertook this work because such a [written] code was necessary in order to avoid [additional] confusion. There had been many teachers, and each one of them had left his interpretation as to what the duties of a Jew were to be under any set of circumstances. Anyone wanting to know the law or tradition on some matter might have to decide among a large number of opinions.... The great learning of Judah and his position as Patriarch combined to make the code arranged by him the final authority on any subject" (p. 207). Phillips adds that once Hanasi had codified the oral traditions, he "arbitrarily . announced [that] the Mishnah [was] closed" (p. 64) With Ha-nasi's death, however, other prominent rabbis began adding back much of the content he had discarded—thus spoiling his hope of a closed Mishnah.
Additional reasons exist for the codification of the oral law into the Mishnah. Robinson notes that in the time dominated by Hanasi, "the sheer volume of oral rulings had become so unwieldy that the rabbis reluctantly assented to their recording" (Essential Judaism, p. 226). The rabbis' goal, adds Robinson, was to create "a written version of the [oral] law that would be impervious to the vagaries of oral transmission. [By then] the body of oral law had grown so great that no one could possibly recall all of it accurately. The [development] of the Mishnah eliminated that problem" (p. 323). Hertz likewise brings out the necessity of the rabbis moving on to a codified tradition: "The product of the feverish activity of the Pharisaic schools threatened to become too unwieldy to be retained by unassisted memory. For all [of] this teaching was oral, and was not [up to this point] to be written down" (p. 14).
As mentioned earlier, one of the goals of the rabbis was to create a religion which would transcend time, geography and culture. The codification of the oral law was a necessary component of this plan. The Jews' oral traditions had been accumulating for many generations; now they would take on a new role, that of uniting the scattered Jewish communities. Solomon Landman, for example, notes that it was precisely because of the desperate, scattered condition of the Jews that "scholars felt it necessary to take steps to preserve the Oral Law." (Story Without End, p. 110). In his Jewish New Testament Commentary, David Stern writes that after two failed Jewish revolts, "the P'rushim [Pharisees] and their [rabbinical] successors were ..... free to develop further their own received tradition [oral law] and make it the center of gravity for Jewish life everywhere. Eventually [by about 200 AD], due to the dispersion of the Jewish people . these oral materials were collected and written down [as] the Mishnah" (p. 18; "Matt. 3:7"; emphasis added).
Robinson further explains the reasoning of the key architects of the Mishnah in the development of Judaism. "The writing of the Mishnah and of the Gemara [a portion of the Talmud, composed of commentary] were the rabbis' answer to the destruction of the Temple . [in which they would create] a Judaism based on guidelines and norms of behavior and practice that enabled the Jews to survive an even longer exile than the Babylonian one" (p. 311; emphasis added). He adds that after 70 AD "the rabbis would turn their attention to the codification of Jewish [oral] law, shifting the focus . from [the now defunct] Temple to the [oral] Torah, to creating a Judaism whose invisible walls could not be breached.... [As a] handbook of legal codes, [the Mishnah] presented Judaism as a faith and practice not bound by the fleeting passage of historical time" (pp. 323324; emphasis added). According to Phillips, the rabbis were "creating a cumbersome legal code that would effectively seal off Jews from all other peoples and that, by its uniform application, would bind the Diaspora together" (p. 60; emphasis added).
During Hanasi's time, the rabbis of Palestine largely controlled the development of the Mishnah, carefully guarding their "copyright." After his death, however, several of his top colleagues moved to Parthia (where some two million Jews and other Israelites were residing) and opened academies of their own. As far as the development of Judaism was concerned, from that time "the center of interest . moved away from Palestine to Babylon" (p. 64). In time, however, the Babylonian Jews found the Palestinian Mishnah awkward. Despite Hanasi's formal closing of the Mishnah, much had been added to the text; moreover, as Phillips notes, "it was obvious [to the Babylonian rabbis] that changes would have to be made. A new exegeti-cal system was now developed [which became] known as Gemara (supplement)" (p. 64; see Appendix One). Thus, a new generation of rabbis arose (ironically known as "reasoners") and attempted to clarify and amplify the Mishnah. But the resultant Gemara was only a muddled rehash of the Mishnah—in Aramaic instead of Hebrew. And most significantly, whereas the Mishnah was, at least in theory, based on the Scriptures, the Gemara was based on the Mishnah. The rabbis who developed the Mishnah ostensibly regarded the Scriptures as the text from which they drew their "inspired" commentaries; the "reasoners," however, looked to the Mishnah as their "received text" and devised their new commentaries accordingly. What a convoluted scheme! It begs the question Jesus asked, "Can the blind lead the blind? Shall they not both fall into the ditch?" (see Luke 6:39).
Thus, after many generations of gestation, the Jews' so-called oral law—originally conceived by the esteemed sopherim and brought to fruition by the rabbis—had found a home in Pharisaic Judaism. Hoffman writes, "During this period [of the rabbis] the laws, doctrines and traditions of the [scribal] Pharisees processed from oral to written form as the Mishnah . [and] became the first written record of the traditions of the Pharisees that formed the law of the newly institutionalized religion of rabbinic Judaism" (Judaism Discovered, p. 134; emphasis added). According to Hertz, what the rabbis had sought was "the full and inexhaustible revelation which God had made. The knowledge of the contents of that revelation, they held, was to be found in the first instance in the written text of the Pentateuch; but the [so-called "greater"] revelation, the [oral] Torah, was [to be found in] the meaning of that written text, [in] the Divine thought therein disclosed, as unfolded in ever greater richness of detail by successive generations of devoted [rabbis]" (Foreword to The Babylonian Talmud, p. 14).
But in the end, as Phillips notes, the Mishnah (and, subsequently, the Talmud) "had little to do with the [written] Torah. The rabbis, while professing great reverence for the Mosaic Law, had buried [the Scriptures] beneath their oral traditions" (Exploring the World of the Jew, p. 61). It was just as Jesus had said, "Well did Isaiah prophesy concerning you hypocrites, as it is written, 'This people honors Me with their lips, but their hearts are far away from Me. But in vain do they worship Me, teaching for doctrine the commandments [traditions] of men.' For leaving the commandment of God, you hold fast the tradition of men.... Full well do you reject the commandment of God, so that you may observe your own tradition" (Mark 7:6-9).


Land Rover Darien has a great selection of pre-owned vehicles.
When you want to explore exceptional vehicles, visit an exceptional dealership. At Land Rover Darien, we are proud to introduce drivers from Fairfield County and surrounding areas to the expansive capabilities and breathtaking luxury found in every new Land Rover vehicle.
We also have an extensive inventory of pre-owned models to choose from, including sporty sedans, powerful off-roaders, and premium hatchbacks from different automakers. For the best of both worlds, certified pre-owned Land Rover SUVs have the benefits of a new car, including warranty protection, at a used car price. Regardless of your transportation needs or budget, start your vehicle search at Land Rover Darien.
After you're out on the road, visit Land Rover Darien whenever you are due for maintenance or in need of repairs. Our service center is fully equipped and staffed by the finest technicians in the area. Inside our brand-new dealership facility, we have a comfortable waiting area with a business center, Wi-Fi, coffee and snacks, and cable TV. Your day will never be disrupted because we offer free shuttle service and available loaner vehicles.
If there is anything we can do to make finding, buying, owning, and enjoying your vehicle easier, don't hesitate to ask. Visit us for all your Land Rover needs at 1335 Post Rd here in Darien. If you need anything or want to schedule a test drive, don't hesitate to contact us!


Dog Ear Publishing reviews a new book that takes a tongue-in-cheek look at the proliferation of governmental agencies and the potential involvement of the government in daily life.
New York, NY, July 27, 2018 --(PR.com)-- Imagine walking down the street and receiving a ticket for probable cause for obesity from the Obesity Police Department. One author has made it easy to imagine that scenario, and his new book describing such events – and others – has been released by Dog Ear Publishing.
With "Imagined Agencies," author Joseph Bulgatz posits what might happen if the government becomes even more involved in everyone's daily lives than it already is. Could there be a Department of Death that would help people write their obituaries? Could a Household Budget Office poke its metaphorical nose into your bathroom business to see how you hang toilet paper on the roll?
Bulgatz imagines such agencies as a Union of Charitable Organizations, a Gentrification Bureau, an inspector general for television commercials and even a Bureau of Nomenclature to decide what things should be called, from the name of someone's latest child to hotels and – most of all – pharmaceuticals.
"Imagined Agencies" takes readers on a satirical exploration of what "what ifs." Even as readers might smile at the idea of being ticketed for being heavy or having to watch what puns they use, at its core the book offers a potentially chilling hint at what impact increased governmental interference in daily life could be like if left unchecked.
For additional information, please visit www.jbulgatz.com.


Even the expert that installed the top was impressed with the quality and said I got the top cheeper than he could! I was so thrilled when he opened the box and said this is a quality top! My car look great with the new top from AutoTops Direct. Thank you!
With no advance experience in top installation I installed the top myself. It went on great and fit nice and tight with no issues. You need to take your time and understand each step before doing it.
I took mine to a professional installer after seeing the instructions and it is beautiful. It makes a big difference in the way the car looks.


text:
Landfill Establishment And Waste Rehabilitation Tenders Received
Department of Waste Management
Director of Programme Strategy Department at the RDA and Project Lead Mr. Neil Smith said the Government of the Virgin Islands is developing an ambitious Waste Management Strategy aimed at maximum prevention, re-use and recovery of solid waste.
In support of this, four consultants submitted proposals to the Virgin Islands Recovery and Development Agency (RDA) for consulting services to provide a feasibility assessment and concept design for a sanitary landfill establishment, existing waste site rehabilitation and establishment of an auxiliary service station in the British Virgin Islands.
Mr. Smith said, "Seven companies were shortlisted by the Government of the Virgin Islands to participate in this opportunity of which four responded by the bid submission 10:00 a.m. deadline to the RDA on Friday, 7 May, 2021. The technical proposals will now be evaluated by a team of evaluators following which the financial proposals will be reviewed."
Feedback from ongoing public consultations being led by the Ministry of Health and Social Development will feed into the development of the successful consultant's methodology. The ministry's policy documents can be found at http://bvi.gov.vg/dwm-policy-documents and the public has until 30 June, 2021 to submit feedback.
Mr. Smith added that the overarching outcome for waste management is to provide waste diversion and disposal facilities which support the reduction of waste and provide a sustainable means for disposal that embodies accountability and transparency throughout the waste life cycle.
"The successful consultant's outcome must be consistent with the Draft Waste Management Strategy and align with Sustainable Development Goals representing value for money whilst embracing a circular economy," he said.
The Virgin Islands Recovery and Development Agency continues to support the Government of the Virgin Islands with its ambitious recovery plan and provides technical expertise in support of major infrastructure projects.
Photographs attached
Photograph of the Landfill at Pockwood Pond
RDA Procurement Officer Christine Mohammed officiates over the Tender Closing and Opening for the feasibility assessment and concept design for a sanitary landfill establishment.
Colene A. Penn
Recovery and Development Agency
E-Mail: colene.penn@bvirecovery.vg
Tel: +1 (284) 345-2776 | Mobile: +1 (284) 345-3387
Website: bvirecovery.vg


text:
Threatened, Endangered, and Diversity Program
More Licenses & Permits >>
Advisory Announcements
About the Division of Commercial Fisheries
Partner Agencies & Fishermen Resources
Area Offices & Contact Information
Online Harvest Reporting
Mark, Tag and Age Lab
Bowhunter Education
Crossbow Education
Subsistence Section Overview
At Home or at School
Report Wildlife Encounters
Instream Flow Program
You are here: ADF&G Home » News & Events » Alaska Fish and Wildlife News
Alaska Fish & Wildlife News
Natural Selection at Work on Alaska's Wood Bison
2018 Wood Bison Update
By Tom Seaton
Biologist Tom Seaton in the Innoko River area with wood bison in the background
Alaska's only wild wood bison herd had significant losses in March and April of 2018. Wood bison decreased from an estimated 140 in June of 2017 to an estimated post-calving count of 91 in June of 2018. A late winter stress event mostly attributed to difficult snow conditions took a toll on the herd.
On the bright side, that difficult time is over. Bison are again gaining weight and bringing up new calves. Bison as all other large herbivores in Alaska gain weight in the four to five month summer and then most often loose the weight over the seven to eight month long winter. The rate of decrease of their body reserves is moderated by the intake of relatively low quality winter forage they ingest, and by conserving energy doing things like limiting movement and finding shelter from severe weather.
Each animal takes a gamble in winter that it won't run out of body reserves before the vegetation turns green again in the spring. Two of the big factors that can make large wild herbivores in Alaska lose that gamble are a late spring and deep snow. With bison specifically, snow texture is important. A bison accesses its daily food in winter by sweeping snow off the grass and sedge with its face. If the snow is very dense or has hard layers in it, bison may spend more energy and ingest less food, speeding up their decline in body reserves. Entering the winter in fall 2017, the wood bison were in excellent body condition. Throughout the winter there were few mortalities and it looked like their winter gamble was going to pay off big. However, in the last week of February it started to snow and sometimes rain at least once a week, and it didn't stop until late April. This set up a deep, firm snow that added a high energy cost for bison to move about and to access forage under the snow. These difficult conditions (high energy output and low energy input) lasted for two months, right near the end of the winter when energy conservation is so critical.
The pilot's view of the bison range in late winter.
The difficult snow conditions also added another factor of energy expense- wolves. Wolves had a major advantage during these two months because they could run on top of the snow and bison (and moose) had a very difficult time moving. As the weeks went by, the wolves got stronger from eating so well and the herbivores got weaker from the increased harassment by wolves and the lack of access to forage. It is estimated that about one-quarter of the bison deaths in spring 2018 were directly from wolf predation; harassment by wolves most likely contributed to loss of body reserves and subsequent death of others. Wolf predation is not usually a significant factor in healthy bison herds, but the special snow conditions set up an advantage for the wolves that was so great that wolf predation on this bison herd became significant during late winter 2018. Those special conditions also likely contributed to early wolf predation in this released bison population. Based on data from Canada's reintroduced wood bison herds, it usually takes decades before wolves start to prey on the bison. It is thought that the snow conditions in spring 2018 turned the tables so much in favor of the wolves that predation was able to get started much sooner than usual.
Tom Seaton and colleagues examine a wood bison
As the deep, firm snow and cold winter weather extended into April, calving season started. For many of the pregnant cows that were experiencing a negative energy budget with little reserves left, the act of giving birth required more energy than they could spare and they succumbed too.
The wood bison rebounded fast as soon as the vegetation turned green again in May. By mid-June it was hard to see the effects of the late winter as the remaining animal's body condition had recovered so well.
Each trial in life is not without its positive side. The bison that remain are the bison that can handle a difficult winter event such as this. Most wood bison did survive the event, and some even successfully brought off healthy calves (11 new calves as of late June). Future generations of bison in the Innoko area will be built on these 91 wood bison that have the strength and skills to weather this sort of event. How common is this event? The Innoko river basin is known to sometimes get deep snow, and that was a concern before the wood bison were released. We can look to other animals to better understand the uniqueness of this year. Game Management Unit (GMU) 21E moose, GMU 19E moose, and the Farewell plains bison herd all had the lowest reproduction they've experienced in 20 years this spring. This suggests that whatever specific factor about the winter was so difficult for all these species, it rarely gets this bad.
Wood bison are still learning their range. In the year after the 2015 release, the wild wood bison herd split into a northern and a southern group. The southern group fared much better in this late winter stress event, presumably because they have discovered a local area where we see lower snow depths than surrounding areas. This is an example of how wood bison are still exploring and learning their range. As the years go by, they will get better and better at it. If luck is with them and the weather is in their favor, they will someday prosper to a larger population and thereby be much more capable to withstand catastrophic snow events.
A group of wood bison. Note the smaller reddish calves in the group.
Wood bison are resilient and this experimental population still has plenty of bison to succeed in establishing a long term stable population. Perhaps the natural selection and the experience developed through this tough late winter stress event will help the nation's only wild wood bison herd in its fight for survival. Though we all want to see the wood bison herd increase in number each year (linear growth), this is not always the path of a new population. We know from other bison herds in Alaska that populations can dip, possibly several times, before growing significantly. But we also know that bison herds in Alaska have been resilient and persistent, and ultimately, successful, and that Spring 2018 is just one chapter in a long story for wood bison in Alaska.
We knew that the chance of deep snow winter events was possible in the Innoko area, but due to perceived conflicts with oil and gas development (because of the Endangered Species Act listing of wood bison) wood bison were released in the lower Innoko/Yukon Rivers area instead of Yukon flats or Minto flats. Alaska still holds vast amounts of wood bison habitat and surplus wood bison are still available in Canada. The Alaska Department of Fish and Game will soon start a public planning process to explore the concept of more releases in other parts of the state, continuing the effort toward restoring this valuable species.
A wood bison calf runs through the sedges near the Innoko River.
Why report the loss in July? During the difficult, late winter period, bison were in small groups spread across the landscape and there was no way to estimate the extent of loss in the population. In June the bison group together for pre-rut behaviors which allowed a population estimate. It is possible, but unlikely, that more bison are still alive, but not counted in the 2018 estimate.
We understand the challenges we face as we try to restore a wild population of this threatened species. Recovery of a species is never easy, nor is the road to success a straight line. The lower number of wood bison that were counted is a concern, but not a signal that the program is unsuccessful.
A video of the 2018 herd can be viewed on the ADF&G Facebook page
More on wood bison
More on the wood bison restoration project
Tom Seaton is a pilot and wildlife biologist with the Division of Wildlife Conservation, based in Fairbanks. He is the project leader for the wood bison restoration project.
Subscribe to be notified about new issues
Receive a monthly notice about new issues and articles.
2018 Bison Update
Is this Moose Legal?
Drone Salmon
Select Issue
Riley Woodford
1255 West 8th St.
Wildlife News Info
To subscribe contact:
AWN Subscriptions
To unsubscribe:


Like every other business, the company needs customer feedback. To get young customers on board, the company offers a reward to those to participate in the Food Lion survey. In the guide, I will present to you step by step instructions for taking the Food Lion survey so you can give your feedback and receive the reward. For Food Lion survey or any non-related questions, you may use the customer service information provided at the end.
So here is the chance for you to assist with some gifts and receive some offers from survey Sweepstakes. Make Positive your feedback Original. Give answers to the Easy questions like did you enjoyed the Donuts and Coffee? Did you feel some changes need to be made by the company? Were you satisfied with the service? This all can be filled with Food Lion Survey hereby.
✅ Convey the receipt with the validation code on your next visit.
Go to the official site Food Lion survey page.
Enter the Food Lion survey code on the bottom of the receipt, as shown on the screen.
The Food Lion survey might also ask you to enter your transaction ID.
According to the aforementioned on what area Food Lion survey of customer satisfaction and the history of the company, now we have brought up to the end of information hereby. If you have any query or trouble regarding the Food Lion survey you can ask the questions in the comment section below. I will revert to you as soon as possible.


text:
Macrocyprina bermudae is een mosselkreeftjessoort uit de familie van de Macrocyprididae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1990 door Maddocks.

Macrocyprididae


This morning's task is made up of four different elements.
Pontiac 1- AV-8B launched from Tarawa. SEAD in the area of Khasab.
Pontiac 2- Av-8B launched from Tarawa. Runway Strike on Khasab sirport to restrict enemy.
Dodge 1- F/A-18C launched from Stennis. Logi Ship strike.
Colt 1- F/A-18C launched from Stennis. CAP in Khasab AO.
All elements are to launch around the same time and complete their tasks independantly.
0.-Takeoff from Stennis. CASE III in effect, however, comms out for takeoff.
1. Fence- Fence in at this point.
NOTE- If you instuct your wingman to "Engage and rejoin" he will also attack cargo shipi targets.
2. IP Alpha- This is your run-in point for your first group of targets. These targets is a group of logi cargo ships resupplying enemy positions. Destroy the cargo ships. Ships are moving from Iran and towards Khasab. By time your flight gets there, they should be quite close to Oman territory.
After destruction, move on to 3. IP Bravo.
3. IP Bravo- Run-in point for your second group of targets in the port. Target only cargo ships in the Khasab port. Report once you've destroyed all cargo ships docked in port.
4. Egress- Your egress point. Contact mother here.
Tanker will be avaible for emergencies.