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Mobile // Mobile Business
Eric Zeman
BlackBerry Swipes At Android Security
In response to Google I/O announcements, BlackBerry criticizes Android's lack of security. On point, or sour grapes?
IT Salaries: 8 Cold Hard Facts
(Click image for larger view and slideshow.)
BlackBerry CEO John Chen took a swipe at Google this week, suggesting the Android-maker's new security push is too little, too late. In today's world of BYOD, Chen says businesses need to prioritize security from the start, not add it after the fact.
Android For Work will be built into Android Release L, and will also be available separately for earlier versions of Android going back to Ice Cream Sandwich. Google is relying a bit on the hard work done by Samsung to entice businesses by adopting portions of Samsung's Knox security platform. With Android For Work, businesses can separate work data from personal data through containerization. The segregated data can be managed from the IT admin console and locked, wiped, or restored as needed without touching the owner's personal information.
Android For Work also allows for the bulk installation of apps to an entire fleet of devices. According to Google, companies won't have to modify their apps to function within the Android For Work environment.
It's a big step forward for Android, one that should make it more attractive to businesses. In a blog post, BlackBerry's Chen contends Google's efforts are a good first step, but are only the start.
"At Google's I/O developer conference, the company said it would do several things to boost Android's security. Most prominently, this includes separating work and personal apps and data in coming versions of Android by leveraging Samsung's Knox containerization technology," said Chen. "I'm delighted by this first step. The need to improve Android's security was clear. And it validates what we at BlackBerry have been saying all along about the potential perils that businesses face in the BYOD era."
[Do you have a Mobile Security Action Plan?]
As Chen points out, however, Knox's success can be described as limited at best. Fewer than 2 million Samsung devices are actually running Knox. To put that in some perspective, Samsung sells between 75 million and 90 million smartphones per quarter.
"Tens of millions of BlackBerry devices are trusted every day by Fortune 1000 firms worldwide," said Chen. "Our BES software dominates the enterprise mobility management space, with more business customers than our top three competitors combined. And while Knox tries to build a fortress upon an insecure foundation, BlackBerry's entire infrastructure is constructed upon a multi-decade bedrock of mobile management and security expertise."
Chen's blog then devolves into a long-winded and analyst-backed pitch for BlackBerry's products and services. Comparing Android's numbers to BlackBerry's, however, shows just how much impact BlackBerry's security focus has in the real world.
During its I/O keynote, Google's Sundar Pichai said there are more than 1 billion active Android devices on planet Earth. That's a device for one out of every seven people on the planet. Android owns more than two-thirds of the global market for smartphones. By Chen's own admission, BlackBerry's presence in the market has dwindled to just tens of millions of users. Its worldwide share has fallen to about 3%. Microsoft's Windows Phone platform, which is struggling for relevance, now outsells BlackBerry.
"While we applaud Google and Samsung for their plans, we don't think it's enough for security-minded enterprises. Don't be dazzled by those who can talk the security talk. Instead, look to the company that has proven repeatedly it can walk the walk," concluded Chen.
There's no doubt BlackBerry's model offers strong security. For many businesses, however, Android L and Samsung's Knox may be secure enough. Sometimes secure-enough is all the security you need.
What do you think? Are Chen's comments warranted, or do they come off as sour grapes from a cast-aside has-been?
Most IT teams have their conventional databases covered in terms of security and business continuity. But as we enter the era of big data, Hadoop, and NoSQL, protection schemes need to evolve. In fact, big data could drive the next big security strategy shift. Get the 6 Tools To Protect Big Data report today (registration required).
Eric is a freelance writer for InformationWeek specializing in mobile technologies. View Full Bio
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Ken.Dugdale,
Sometimes secure-enough is all the security you need?
Of course, the only truly secure computer is powered off and buried 10 feet in concrete; that's been said since the very first computer. There's no such thing as 100% secure, so it's always true to say that "secure-enough is all you need." However, security is measured in degrees according to what you do and have access to, and most importantly security isn't something you add on later, like a bag hanging off the side of your device. Security *needs* to be built in to the original design.
The average worker usually doesn't have access to Strictly Confidential (read once and destroy) kind of material; they're not privy to the long-range plans discussed in meetings of the board of directors. So what device will the directors use? Android is secure-enough for whom? It's the directors, C-level, and upper management that use their devices in the most productive ways and they use far more than just email and attachments. We will still have the average user bringing their Android devices - albeit now with a built-in MDM app instead of the company-installed one - while management use their BlackBerry's; and we will still have a heterogeneous environment to manage and cope with at expense.
There's a H3LL of a lot more to mobile computing than simply email, if you actually want to be productive in your job. We need to stop thinking like average employees if we expect to be above average employees. That's where Apple and Android have failed to implement from the start in their design -- they built for the consumer, so cannot be truly corporate-grade until they redesign from scratch. You don't put airbags on a motorcycle and claim it's safe enough for your child seat.
Les Moor,
Tears of lost glory
BYOD demands that IT support all of the devices. BB can talk trash all it wants but after the major missteps it's made is it smart? It will not shame consumers into buying its products, especially when their confidence in BB has been eroded, and may anger IT professionals. There is a long history of products that disappeared because management made poor decisions. BB is likely to be one of those.
Stratustician,
Re: Tears of lost glory
While it's easy to focus on who has the better security offering, the real discussion will still be around what types of devices employees want to use. If organizations have higher ratios of one mobile OS, that will most likely shape their security policies. Whether the solution is as solid as another isn't sadly the main discussion anymore.
LIke you say Stratustician, those companies that allow the discussion to be around what employees choose to bring in from home, focusing on ease-of-experience over security, will sadly be those in the news most often with exposures of their intellectual property, customer or employee private data. I don't disagree that BYOD shapes policy - there's nothing new in a disruptive technology changing behavior - but it's sad to see some companies abandon policy alltogether in the interests of saving the cash that would buy their tethered employees a device. That's very short-term, pedestrian and dangerous thinking. Some companies will do that but it's no reason to think it's acceptable. Maybe they won't last long. I challenge the actual numbers of companies, Fortune 1000 companies, allowing "ANY" device. I suspect it's not as many as very small companies who nickel and dime their financial reports. "If you think security is expensive, try going without."
mejiac,
@Les,
to add to your comment, I think that fact that BB is lashing out at Google is evidence enough that they know they're in trouble. In the past they dominated there aspect of the industry, and now the only piece of the pie they have left, there are companies trying to get there hands on it....so it's of no surprise that Google is trying to gain traction in the enterprise.
I also agree that BB is one of those companies that'll be remember for it's successes and failures.
cafzali,
@Les Beyond its incompetence, Blackberry appears to be making the even harder to explain move of mocking other companies that are more successful.
Blackberry seems to forget that market share renders a lot of other points moot, including product superiority. All of us know scads of products and services that had advantages over companies who were leaders at the time, but couldn't get it together enough to be a sincere challenger.
This just sounds like another example of this with a layer of "sour grapes" on the top.
All devices are not equal.
I'd like to hear about battery life and responsiveness directly from people who own iPhones and Androids that have MDM clients on them and that have no hardware encryption chip. I've been told by many that their personally owned phones, that were not designed to run MDM 24/7, are slow and must be charged every six to eight hours. But I'd be posting hearsay in a forum so prefer real statistics. A device designed for the consumer doesn't usually fare well in corporate use, just as using your personal vehicle for a 40 hour work week proves not to be the best tool for the job. It's not a simple matter of software upgrade.
ATG4,
Managin BYOD
The BYOD concept can be intimidating for IT staff, but there are strategies to minimize security risks and device management headaches. HTML5 technologies can allow users to connect to applications and systems without requiring IT staff to install anything on user devices. For example, Ericom AccessNow is an HTML5 RDP client that enables remote users to securely connect from iPads, iPhones and Android devices to any RDP host, including Terminal Server and VDI virtual desktops, and run their applications and desktops in a browser. This enhances security by keeping applications and data separate from personal devices.
Since AccessNow doesn't require any software installation on the end user device IT staff end up with less support hassles. Any user that brings in their own device merely opens their HTML5-compatible browser and connects to the URL given them by the IT admin.
Visit http://www.ericom.com/BYOD_Workplace for more info.
Please note that I work for Ericom
Midnight,
Security, Reliability and Market share
This is a conversation I have been waiting over a year to happen.
To make a successful hybrid of business and personal data and devices segmentation and proper authoritative control is a key element. I give a standing ovation (of one, me at least) to Google for actually starting the development of the key controls in this element that has actually been needed for decades. (yeah, laptops needed it but never got it back in the day) I see this as a core "feature" technology mechanism that will be taken for granted within the next five years.
So what should this really look like from a use-case point of view. I believe that enterprise IT needs the authority and immediate ability to protect the corporate intellectual property (and devices) through the tools of absolute policy control and ability to "scrub" a remote data island, but only for what belongs to the company. The IT department needs these tools to fulfill it's part of the mission in protecting corporate assets while meeting the desires of the social mission in allowing personally owned and customized technology for user convenience. (BYOD is a much abused meaningless catch-phrase, please quit using it)
Creating the built in separation of business and personal gives IT a standardized mechanism that we have have had to customize and crowbar wedge into devices before or just blanket take ownership and responsibility for the entire device.
So why is Blackberry upset? They have reliability issues due to the design of having everything go through their data-center. This channel has failed more than once. Lesson learned, single point of failure bad. The android mechanism provides a mechanism to "privatize" the key data synchronization into each enterprise's IT department or spread out the load across the massive Google data center architecture. This means much lower risk as a platform, and lower isolated failures (if a company has a server go down, no one else's businesses are affected) Versus, Every single hand-held in the market experiencing an outage of sync data because Blackberry data service centers are getting DDOS attacks.
Yet if I was Blackberry, I would be nervous too; but rather than whining, I would look to learn from Google and build upon it.
SaneIT,
Re: Security, Reliability and Market share
"So why is Blackberry upset? They have reliability issues due to the design of having everything go through their data-center. This channel has failed more than once. Lesson learned, single point of failure bad. The android mechanism provides a mechanism to "privatize" the key data synchronization into each"
These are very good points, and one of the reasons I was very happy to finally turn off the last company owned Blackberry device a few years ago and to shut down our BES server. Blackberry put a good deal of emphasis on controlling the software, data and connection but the outages were more than just a little irritating. I think everyone has been waiting for Apple and Google to get a better mobile management system implemented but we have also realized that we can survive without a Blackberry style implementation. We've started looking at smartphones as little laptops and treat them the same way.
GiT265,
Android Security dissertation
Hello. I am starting my dissertation on Android Security. Please help me by visiting my kickstarter project and support. Here is the link: https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1910422777/dissertation-android-application-security


Foire Nationale à la Brocante et aux Jambons is a huge flea market which takes place twice a year in Chatou in the Paris suburb. I went there yesterday, and will hopefully return Sunday. The last day is usually a good day to go there if you want to negotiate and make a bargain. In particular, I keep my eyes open for old chairs, wine glasses, pictures and drawings. There is a lot of it but I didn't find the right ones - yet.


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Roche to buy InterMune for respiratory boost
By Sarah Houlton2014-08-29T00:00:00+01:00
$8.3bn deal gives Roche a leading position in pulmonary fibrosis
Roche is to acquire InterMune in a deal worth $8.3 billion (£5 billion). The agreed takeover values the US-based company nearly two-thirds higher than its market capitalisation before market chatter about a possible takeover started a couple of weeks earlier.
InterMune has one product on the market. Esbriet (pirfenidone) was approved in the EU in 2011, and in Canada a year later. It treats idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a progressive disease where scar tissue builds up in the lungs, making oxygen absorption difficult. Typically, patients survive just two or three years after diagnosis. Esbriet prevents synthesis of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), involved in cell proliferation and differentiation, which plays an important role in fibrosis.
Judith Collins/Alamy
Roche has described the deal as a bolt-on acquisition, implying InterMune's operations will remain largely intact post-merger
However, the drug has yet to gain US approval, with the Food and Drug Administration demanding an additional Phase III trial. This was completed and submitted in May, after which the drug was granted 'breakthrough therapy' designation. A decision on approval is expected in November. It is currently the only drug treatment for IPF, although Boehringer Ingelheim's Vargatef (nintedanib) has been submitted to the regulators. Analysts predict annual sales should top $1 billion by the end of the decade.
InterMune is carrying out Phase II trials on Esbriet for treating systemic sclerosis-related interstitial lung disease. It also has an Esbriet analogue and a lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPA-1) inhibitor in preclinical development for fibrosis-based diseases.
Roche is very active in the respiratory medicine field, making InterMune appear a good fit as a bolt-on acquisition. The existing Roche portfolio includes Xolair (omalizumab), a monoclonal antibody to treat allergic asthma, and the recombinant medicine Pulmozyme (dornase alfa) for cystic fibrosis. It has several other respiratory medicines in its pipeline, including the antibody lebrikizumab for severe asthma, which is in Phase III. It is also in an earlier stage of development for IPF.
'This acquisition will complement Roche's strengths in pulmonary therapy,' said Roche chief executive Severin Schwan in a statement. 'We look forward to welcoming InterMune employees into the Roche group and to making a difference for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.' This does imply that Roche's strategy is to keep the InterMune research efforts intact, rather than simply swallowing up the product and dismantling the company's research operations.
The deal is Roche' fifth acquisition this year – and the largest since it bought up the remaining Genentech shares in 2009 for $47 billion. Since June, it has forked out $1.4 billion – potentially rising to almost $3 billion if various milestones are met – on breast cancer drug company Seragon; Santaris, which makes locked nucleic acids; diagnostics company Iquum; and Genia for its DNA sequencing platform.
What does the Brexit deal mean for research and industry?
Relief, disappointment, questions and concerns

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Aliko, V., Mehmeti, E., Qirjo, M. and Faggio, C. 2019. "Drink and sleep like a fish": goldfish as a behavior model to study pharmaceutical effects in freshwater ecosystems. Journal of Biological Research - Bollettino della Società Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale. 92, 1 (Jan. 2019). DOI:https://doi.org/10.4081/jbr.2019.7939.


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NAICS Code 541713 - Research and Development in Nanotechnology
Description Hierarchy Industry Examples Cross-References Related Code Systems Q & A
NAICS Code 541713 Description
This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in conducting nanotechnology research and experimental development. Nanotechnology research and experimental development involves the study of matter at the nanoscale (i.e., a scale of about 1 to 100 nanometers). This research and development in nanotechnology may result in development of new nanotechnology processes or in prototypes of new or altered materials and/or products that may be reproduced, utilized, or implemented by various industries.
NAICS Code 541713 - Research and Development in Nanotechnology is a final level code of the "Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services" Sector.
Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services
SBA Size Standard
Maximum 1,000 Employees
Hierarchy Navigation for NAICS Code 541713
54171 - Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences
Industry Examples of NAICS 541713
Common types of examples within NAICS Code 541713 - Research and Development in Nanotechnology are:
Nanobiotechnologies research and experimental development laboratories
Nanotechnology research and development laboratories or services, all fields of science
Example photo for industry NAICS 541713 - Research and Development in Nanotechnology. This image represents an activity or product found in this industry.
For some business types, there may be a similar industry to NAICS Code 541713 - Research and Development in Nanotechnology that is a better classification match. Establishments primarily engaged in:
Conducting research and experimental development in biotechnology (except nanobiotechnology): classified in U.S. NAICS Code - 541714 - Research and Development in Biotechnology (except Nanobiotechnology).
Conducting research and experimental development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences (except nanotechnology and biotechnology): classified in U.S. NAICS Code - 541715 - Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Nanotechnology and Biotechnology).
Providing veterinary testing services: classified in NAICS Code - 541940 - Veterinary Services.
Providing physical, chemical, or other analytical testing services (except medical or veterinary), such as acoustics or vibration testing, calibration testing, electrical and electronic testing, geotechnical testing, mechanical testing, nondestructive testing, or thermal testing: classified in NAICS Code - 541380 - Testing Laboratories.
Providing medical laboratory testing for humans: classified in U.S. NAICS Code - 621511 - Medical Laboratories.
Manufacturing products (e.g., apparel, electronic equipment, automotive equipment) using nanomaterials: classified in NAICS Code - 31-33 - Manufacturing, according to the process of the specific product made..
Would you like to email executives in NAICS Code 541713 - Research and Development in Nanotechnology? Below are some of the common job titles available to be targeted.
There are alternative classification systems to using NAICS Codes. A more common and highly detailed business classification system can be found with the SIC Code system. This is the business targeting system of choice for top marketing companies. At the most specific level, there are over 10,000 unique and continuously updated categories within the SIC Code Extended system as compared to 1,057 in the NAICS system. To explore and search within this system, please use the link(s) below.
NAICS 541713 to SIC CODE
3721 - Aircraft
3724 - Aircraft Engines and Engine Parts
3728 - Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment, Not Elsewhere Classified
3761 - Guided Missiles and Space Vehicles
3764 - Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Units and Propulsion Unit Parts
3769 - Guided Missile Space Vehicle Parts and Auxiliary Equipment, Not Elsewhere Classified
8731 - Commercial Physical and Biological Research
8733 - Noncommercial Research Organizations
NAICS 541713 to ISIC CODE (INTERNATIONAL)
7210 - Research And Experimental Development On Natural Sciences And Engineering
What is the SBA size standard for NAICS 541713?
Businesses up to 1,000 Employees in size are considered small businesses by SBA.
What was the total revenue for NAICS Code 541713?
In 2017 the total revenue for Research and Development in Nanotechnology was $42,029,032,000
What was the annual payroll for NAICS Code 541713?
In 2017 the annual payroll for Research and Development in Nanotechnology was $18,854,955,000
How many people work in NAICS Code 541713?
The number of reported paid employees is 171,666.


The marketing agency is based in Central Manchester, with satellite offices in Liverpool Merseyside, Wigan Lancashire and London Westminster. All initial consultations are free within the northwest region, subject to availability and no charges will be applied unless agreed prior in writing between both parties. The Northwest region is defined as being Manchester, Greater Manchester, Cheshire, Liverpool, Merseyside and Lancashire.
always works in an open way, keeping clients informed at all stages. Generally, all reasonable amends are included in fixed cost quotations and are not considered separate or chargeable fees - dependent on the situation and with exceptions such as client changes which may require large amounts of work to be re-done.
's ability to offer any credit terms to clients. Credit terms also subject to budget size and the prevailing economic climate / market conditions.
Pitches or speculative revenue sharing work: The thinktank marketing agency Manchester does not engage in client pitches below a projected value of £30,000. If your proposal to the thinktank marketing agency Manchester or Liverpool involves a commission based approach, we would ask you to contact a less reputable agency who may be prepared to discuss your ideas. thinktank does not provide a service for inventors to take their products or services to market for free.
and have a minimum of ten years experience of at least two fields including advertising, design, video, multimedia or product launches.
currently receives more than 6,000 CVs every year and will not accept telephone enquiries.


Christmas is drawing near in New Orleans and Celia, Tilly, Luc, and Donovan are back for a delightful Christmas offering in Kira Snyder's wonderful Parish Mail Series. Luc and Celia found a pile of letters in the hollowed out mailbox in the Bone tree located in the woods behind her grandparents' home. In the pile she noticed a card in the stack. Pulling it out she sees the date, December 15, 1933. The request is written in a child's hand. The writer wants a Christmas wish granted, to have something she has lost be found, and the card is a clue to the wish. She is sure this is the next mystery she is meant to solve.
Celia's Grandparents are participating in the annual tour of old homes decorated in the manor of bygone eras. Shortly after the tour Jane Macarty, Celia's grandmother notices her art deco broach from the 1930's is missing. The broach is shaped like the star from the Christmas tree on the card. Celia thinks this means there is a coinciding modern day event and begins to investigate. Celia, Tilly, Luc, and Donovan scour many of the rougher parts of New Orleans for clues to the missing broach.
Things move quickly in this short interactive novel by Kira Snyder. I love that as the reader I get to decide what direction the story takes at intervals throughout the story. Unfortunately it also means my curiosity is peaked and I need to return to these points and see where the story might have gone if I chose a different path. This type of story proves the enjoyment you can derive from multiple stories all in one book. Every time you read you can truly have a different perspective.
Season's Greetings is listed as a standalone, but I found many small items that I wanted to understand better or were not explained at all. Main examples are how Luc becomes a part of Celia's life, where the crystal Celia wears came from and how can she talk with Luc using it. There are a few minor things that really do not affect the story but I wanted a more in depth explanation of. For those reasons I went ahead and purchased Dead Letter Office, book 1 and Post Mortem, book 2. I am glad I did, but not just so I could better understand the history of the story, but because I found them absolutely fantastic and hated to see them end. Even with these few minor information problems I found this book one of the best stories I have read so far this year. I cannot wait to read whatever Ms. Snyder has in store for Celia and her friends. I think if you read one of her stories you will feel the same. This is an usual series that will keep you involved from start to finish. Check it out for yourself and you to will be hooked.
Celia Macarty is eager to enjoy her first New Orleans Christmas, but school has barely let out for the holidays when she learns that mystery never takes a vacation. Using the clues on a Christmas card from 1933, Celia must unravel a supernatural riddle that takes her all over festive New Orleans—and deeper into her family's past. As Christmas Eve draws closer, shady community secrets come to light, and Celia enlists an unlikely ally to set things right.
With the help of her witchy best friend Tilly and a trio of to-die-for suitors, Celia navigates a mystery and, in the process, her heart. Because in the Crescent City, Christmas is a time of enchantment and surprises, and a little romance might be Celia's best present of all.
Celia's latest Parish Mail adventure is an active fiction title from Coliloquy. Your reading choices will help Celia solve the crime!


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BambooGrove
Sustainable, Strong, Beautiful
Moline, IL
info@bamboogrove.com
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Origins of Bamboo
Species of Bamboo
Agriculture and the Environment
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Home Bamboo Products Home Bamboo: A Hot Product Getting even Hotter
Bamboo: A Hot Product Getting even Hotter
Over the last several years, an ancient species of grass that was relegated to cheap patio furniture and cheesy Polynesian-themed lounges has emerged as the favored material for clothing manufacturers, interior designers, landscape architects, makers of athletic shoes, high-end hotel chains, and many other companies.
There are a lot of reasons why bamboo has become the Next Big Thing but, as always, it is the desire for 'black' on a profit-and-loss statement that is driving the 'green' of bamboo in the marketplace. Manufacturers and retailers are responding to the demands of environmentally conscious consumers that are looking for sustainable products and voting with their credit cards.
Bamboo Clothing
When it comes to clothing, consumers want fabrics that are eco-friendly but also look good, wear well, and feel comfortable which may help to explain why hemp clothing never really took off in the marketplace. Bamboo fabric has a number of desirable properties including:
Exceptional absorption Bamboo fabric wicks away and evaporates moisture very quickly so that the material is very breathable and feels comfortable next to the skin.
Thermo-control Cool and breathable in warm weather, bamboo fabric is also remarkably warm in cooler temperatures. The same properties that absorb and release moisture quickly also trap air next to the body which makes the fabric ideal for every weather condition.
Hygienic Scientists have found that bamboo has a unique anti-bacteria and anti-fungal bio-agent called 'bamboo kun' which, even after many washings, acts as a natural deodorant.
Anti-static Due to the composition of the material, bamboo fabric is naturally anti-static so it sits very well next to the skin without clinging to it.
Consumers with sensitive or allergy-prone skin also prefer bamboo clothing as the fibers are smooth and round which alleviates rashes and skin irritation.
Bamboo in Interior Design
As more and more bamboo products become available, consumers looking for environmentally-friendly alternatives to hardwood floors, furniture, cabinets, wall coverings, ceilings, and more are finding that bamboo is not only a 'green' alternative but often superior to traditional hardwoods. Bamboo is light but very durable and more resistant to wear and dings than oak, maple, and most other hardwoods. What's more, bamboo is naturally resistant to moisture which makes it far less likely to stain, cup, or warp from spills or fluctuations in humidity.
Available in a wide variety of finishes, bamboo is rapidly becoming a favorite of interior designers and discriminating homeowners everywhere. It is very easy to clean and maintain and offers the natural beauty and versatility of hardwoods without the environmental impact.
Bamboo Trends in Landscaping
There are over 1,000 species of bamboo that thrive in a variety of climates which make it an attractive choice for homeowners that are looking for beauty and privacy in their landscaping. As a 'green' alternative to wood or plastic fencing, bamboo is a great choice as a 'living fence' as it grows quickly and closely together.
Basically, species of bamboo can be separated into 2 categories: running and clumping. Running bamboo species get a lot of bad press because the plant's rhizomes (roots) spread rapidly underground and require regular maintenance to contain. However, running bamboo species are hardier and will withstand cold temperatures far better than clumping species.
Clumping bamboos do not spread as aggressively as running species, require much less maintenance, and are ideal for dense stands that provide privacy and beauty for any home. But they do not tolerate frost well and this factor restricts their use to the southern states. And the uses for bamboo in landscaping extend well beyond fences. Some plant retailers offer several species that do not grow as tall or aggressively and allow homeowners a wide range of beautiful and distinctive landscaping choices for decorative backyard rock gardens, patio accents, and many other applications.
Bamboo and Eco-Travelers
Hotels all over the country are rolling out all manner of 'green' programs, responding primarily to business travelers that are demanding eco-friendly accommodations but also because they are finding that going 'green' saves them money. "Environmental issues are one of the hottest issues within the travel industry right now," said Bill Connors, the executive director of the National Business Travel Association.
Other hotel officials also say evidence of eco-friendliness is driving demand. At the Crowne Plaza Hotel Atlanta-Perimeter Northwest, Hugh Anderson, the general manager, said bookings had soared for a boardroom renovated two years ago with bamboo flooring. "It's highly requested and is booked constantly, which is unusual," Mr. Anderson said. "It's something that's important to the traveler. They certainly have positive thoughts about using a facility that's environmentally friendly."
These are but a few examples of how bamboo's versatility is meeting the demands of consumers that are becoming increasingly aware of the impact that their choices have on the environment. And some of the heavyweights in retailing are taking notice. Timberland, Nike, Eddie Bauer, and dozens of other outfits are responding to the demand by distancing themselves from industrially farmed cotton and synthetic fabrics from petroleum products and exploring the use of renewable and sustainable resources.
This represents a very promising shift on both the supply and demand ends of the marketplace and offers hope for other environmentally responsible innovations. Despite its use for millennia in all sorts of applications, bamboo is just beginning to emerge worldwide as a viable alternative to all sorts of non-renewable materials. The full scope of bamboo's commercial impact is not yet known but early indications would suggest that it won't be long before we see bamboo labels on a wide range of products that are designed to appeal to consumers that want high quality but not at the expense of non-renewable resources.
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We are dedicated to the promotion and use of bamboo throughout the world. Bamboo is a plant that offers limitless potential for the future. It offers us strength, sustainability, versatility, and a green alternative.
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A kultúra (a latin cultura, a colo, colere, azaz "művelni" igéből ) tág értelemben mindent magában foglal, amelyet az ember maga teremt – ellentétben a természet azon részével, amelyet nem teremtett és nem is változtat. A kifejezés alatt általános értelemben egy embercsoport szokásainak és hagyományainak összességét vagy szűkebb meghatározás szerint az ún. "magas kultúrát" értjük. Hagyományos értelemben a társadalom szellemi élete.

Eredetileg a föld megművelését jelentette.

Meghatározása
A kultúra fogalmának az értelmező kéziszótár három jelentést tulajdonít:
 Az emberiség által létrehozott anyagi és szellemi értékek összessége, a művelődésnek valamely területe, illetve valamely népnél, valamely korszakban való megnyilvánulása. A civilizációval szembeállítva pedig, amely a technikai fejlettséget jelenti, a szellemi javak és a műveltség tartozik ide.
 A második jelentésben a kultúra egy személy művelt mivoltára vonatkozik.
 A harmadik jelentésben a kultúra valaminek a termesztését, illetve biológiai értelemben tenyészetet jelent. A szó eredeti "földet művelni" értelmében mezőgazdasági kultúráról beszélhetünk (növénykultúra, gombakultúra stb.).

A "kultúra" körülírására nincs egységes definíció. Korok, társadalmak és egyes tudósok mind különböző módon határozták meg, hogy mi a kultúra. A kultúra gyökereinek kutatása egybe fonódik az emberi társadalom kezdetének meghatározásával. Azonban az eltérő és különböző kulturális jegyek értelmezés különbségé miatt nem kijelenthető, hogy mikor volt a kultúra kezdete.

A fentieken kívül beszélünk még szervezeti kultúráról.

Beszélünk kultúrpolitikáról, nemzeti kultúrákról stb. A kultúrpolitika kifejezés először egy német pedagógiai lapban, a Pädagogischer Revue-ben szereplő cikk címében jelent meg 1840-ben, és e században született a nemzeti kultúrák kifejezése is.

Különböző értelmezések
A kulturális antropológia meghatározása szerint a kultúra egy adott társadalom mindazon ismereteinek összessége, amelyek az emberi közösség összetartozását és fennmaradását biztosítják. A kultúra alapján tudunk eligazodni abban, hogy melyek a fontos értékek és normák az életben. Néhány kutató szerint bizonyos kulturális vonások már az állatvilágban is megfigyelhetőek, így például az emberhez legközelebb álló csimpánzoknál (Jane Goodall kutatásai).

Edward Burnett Tylor definíciója: Az az összetett egész, ami magába foglalja a tudást, a vélekedést, a művészeteket, a morál(oka)t, a jogot és a szokást, és minden olyan emberi képességet és habitust, amit az ember a társadalom tagjaként sajátít el. Ebben az értelemben beszélhetünk különböző emberi kultúrákról és ezek találkozásáról, például az ausztráliai fehér városi kultúra és egy gyűjtögető vándorló ausztráliai őslakos kultúra közötti érintkezésről és kölcsönhatásukról. A különböző kultúrák, változásuk és egymással való kapcsolataik vizsgálatával a kulturális antropológia foglalkozik.

Művészet

Régészeti kultúra
A régészek a jellegzetes azonosságokat mutató leletegyütteseket földrajzi terület, illetve korszak szerint összekapcsolják, mint a feltételezhetően összetartozó emberi közösségek, törzsek vagy népek hagyatékát. Ezeket az összetartozó leletegyütteseket, illetve a mögöttük álló hajdani kultúrákat nevezik régészeti kultúráknak.

Az egyes régészeti kultúrákról lásd a Régészet szócikket.

Jegyzetek

Külső hivatkozások

 Kulturális útvonalak
 KÉK Kulturális Élményklub

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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We're still trying to figure out the format for email addresses at i-angel.org for sure. We've got the following addresses though for employees currently at the firm. Does this get you any further on your quest?


text:
HomeCryptoSummary of the 2022 cryptocurrency investigations
Summary of the 2022 cryptocurrency investigations
In 2022, several major federal indictments, convictions, and seizures related to cryptocurrency were made public in the United States. To understand the extent and nature of government activity in Web3, CertiK conducted research and analysis on the state of federal and regulatory crypto investigations in 2022. Investigating civil and criminal lawsuits related to cryptocurrencies is an important part of Web3's mission. CertiK to protect the World Web3.
Survey analysis in 2022
CertiK has compiled all publicly available data on cryptocurrency investigations from various law enforcement and regulatory agencies for 2022. It is worth noting that the scope of data collected is limited to investigations that have been publicly disclosed, as many investigations they remain sealed and are not announced.
According to our data, there were a total of 96 public investigations related to cryptocurrencies in 2022. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) was responsible for the majority of these cases, with 42 investigations accounting for 43.3% of the total. The United States Secret Service (USSS) was the second-highest contributor, with 20 cases, or 20.6% of the total. It is worth noting that the data may include some cases involving inter-agency collaboration. The chart below provides a breakdown of the number of investigations by agency in 2022.
The disclosed status and outcome of cryptocurrency-related investigations varied among different law enforcement agencies and regulatory agencies. Most investigations have resulted in charges and indictments, and some law enforcement agencies have also announced seizures and convictions for their investigations. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), which are regulatory agencies, have only announced charges and charges, as they handle civil charges that don't go through the same legal process as law enforcement agencies.
The high number of indictments and indictments in 2022 suggests that we could see sentences passed in 2023 for defendants who pleaded or were found guilty in these cases. It is important to note that the legal process can be complex and the outcome of an investigation may not always be immediately known. By staying informed on the latest developments in government investigations related to cryptocurrencies, we can gain a better understanding of the state of Web3 and the efforts being made to combat illicit activity in the space.
An upward trend
Data compiled by CertiK shows a significant increase in the number of cryptocurrency investigations conducted and publicly disclosed by US federal law enforcement and regulatory agencies from 2021 to 2022. Specifically, there was an 81% increase in the total number of investigations, with 53 public inquiries cases released in 2021 compared to 96 cases in 2022. This trend is important to note, as it suggests that efforts to combat illicit activity in the Web3 space are on the rise. This upward trend is likely to continue in the coming years given the increase in law enforcement and regulatory efforts in this area.
The rise in cryptocurrency investigations is significant for a number of reasons. A contributing factor is increased efforts and funding from law enforcement agencies to train and support cryptocurrency task forces. For example, the FBI launched its cryptocurrency task force in February 2022, and the number of disclosed cases doubled from 20 in 2021 to 40 in 2022. Similarly, the USSS launched a cryptocurrency awareness center in February 2022 and the number of disclosed cases also doubled from 9 in 2021 to 20 in 2022.
Characteristics of US federal law enforcement and regulatory agency investigations
To fully understand the scope of cryptocurrency cases in the United States, it is imperative to understand the roles and responsibilities of the various federal law enforcement and regulatory agencies. These agencies have different jurisdictions and capacities, and their investigations can be conducted in different ways. By gaining a deeper understanding of these factors, we can better understand the overall state of cryptocurrency investigations in the United States
Agency typology and jurisdiction
It is worth noting that, in addition to federal agencies, there are also state and local law enforcement agencies involved in cryptocurrency-related investigations.
In the United States, there are five major federal agencies responsible for investigating cryptocurrency crimes: the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Commodities Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), the Internal Revenue Service Criminal Investigation Unit (IRS-CI) , the United States Secret Service (USSS) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Each of these agencies has specific duties and responsibilities when it comes to cryptocurrency investigations, and the complex nature of government jurisdiction can make it difficult to fully understand the scope of these investigations.
Law Enforcement Agencies vs. Regulatory agencies
The FBI, USSS, and IRS-CI have criminal law enforcement capabilities and work closely with the DOJ's Assistant Attorneys of the United States (AUSA) to prosecute and manage legal proceedings, including processing warrants and charges. These investigations can lead to criminal offences, such as imprisonment, kidnapping and other prosecutions.
On the other hand, the CFTC and SEC have regulatory and oversight responsibilities, rather than criminal law enforcement powers. They are responsible for enforcing the rules and regulations relating to the commodity and securities markets, respectively, and may take civil enforcement actions against individuals or companies that violate these rules. It is important to understand the differences between these agencies in order to properly evaluate cryptocurrency-related investigations. The distinction between departmental agencies with criminal law enforcement powers and regulatory agencies with oversight responsibilities can lead to significantly different prosecutions and managements. By understanding these differences, we can better understand the scope and nature of cryptocurrency investigations in the United States
Duration of investigations
Law enforcement and regulatory investigations can be lengthy and can take years before charges are brought forward. This means that it is possible that the investigations that come to light in one year refer to events that occurred in previous years. As a result, cryptocurrency charge announcements can be made for cases in 2022 through 2023 and beyond.
This characteristic of law enforcement investigations is exemplified in many cryptocurrency-related cases that have been announced in 2022. For example, on December 7, 2022, the United States Attorney's Office of the Department of Justice for the Southern District of New York has announced the opening of an indictment indicting Rikesh Thapa with running a scheme to defraud a start-up tech company of more than $1 million worth of US currency, cryptocurrency and utility tokens. According to the allegations, Thapa carried out the scheme while serving as CTO of the company between December 2017 and September 2019.
Similarly, the conviction of Randall Crater, founder of My Big Coin Pay Inc., of defrauding investors through the marketing and sale of fraudulent virtual currency between 2014 and 2017 is another example of a case announced in 2022 but related to events several years earlier.
It is worth noting that these examples are not exhaustive and that there may be other cases that have not been publicly disclosed. As we move into 2023, it's important to expect that we may see announcements of cases from 2022 and earlier, as the length of time since an event has occurred is not necessarily an indicator of whether or not an investigation or potential charges will be take place.
It is important to note that not all cases prosecuted by the federal government that result in a formal complaint, indictment, judgment or seizure are made public. Indictments may be sealed by courts or not formally announced via press releases, and investigators or prosecutors may choose not to publicly disclose certain cases for various reasons. This means that it can be difficult to fully understand the scope of cryptocurrency investigations in 2022, as we can only analyze cases that have been made public.
However, despite these limitations, there were many notable cases disclosed by US law enforcement and regulatory agencies in 2022 that are worth reviewing and reflecting on as we move forward into 2023. These cases provide invaluable insight into the state of cryptocurrency investigations in the United States and can help inform future developments in this area
Based on this analysis, it is clear that there has been an upward trend in the number of cryptocurrency investigations conducted and publicly disclosed by US federal law enforcement and regulatory agencies. As we move into 2023 and beyond, it's important to stay informed about changes within government related to the Web3 space, as these changes will significantly impact the ecosystem and understanding of the cryptocurrency scope. Based on current trends, it is likely that inquiries will continue to increase in the coming years.
At CertiK, our goal is to protect the Web3 world through continued efforts to provide the highest level of security and due diligence in the space. Understanding these trends helps us better understand the need for more security in Web3. To stay up-to-date on relevant US crypto investigations, be sure to follow @CertiKAlert on Twitter for real-time alerts on a wide variety of hacks, scams, and law enforcement announcements.
Note: The information in this article is provided for informational purposes only and should not be construed as legal advice on any subject.
*This article is a press release. Original source here. *
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Tags:cryptocurrency, Investigations, Summary
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text:
Theodoor Cornelis van Boven, més conegut com a Theo van Boven, (Voorburg, 26 de maig de 1934) és un jurista i professor universitari neerlandès.

Trajectòria
Boven es va llicenciar i doctorar en dret a la Universitat de Leiden i es va graduar en un màster de dret comparat a la Universitat Metodista del Sud, a la ciutat estatunidenca de Dallas. Més enllà dels estudis, la seva trajectòria acadèmica el va portar a impartir lliçons a la universitat fins al punt d'haver estat investit professor emèrit de dret internacional per la Universitat de Maastricht.

Entre 1977 i 1982 va ser nomenat director de la Divisió de Drets Humans de l'Organització de les Nacions Unides, precursora de l'Oficina de Drets Humans de l'ONU. Entre 1986 i 1991 va ser el relator especial de les Nacions Unides sobre el dret a la reparació de les víctimes de violacions greus dels drets humans i, entre 2001 i 2004, relator especial sobre la tortura. També és membre de la Comissió Internacional de Juristes. Entre febrer i desembre de 1994 va ser el primer registrador del Tribunal Penal Internacional per a l'antiga Iugoslàvia. Entre 1995 i 2016 va ser membre del jurat del Premi Internacional de Drets Humans de Nuremberg.

El 16 de desembre de 2005, l'Assemblea General de les Nacions Unides va adoptar la resolució 60/147, també coneguda com dels «Principis bàsics i directrius sobre el dret a la solució i la reparació per a les víctimes de violacions greus dels drets humans i de violacions serioses del dret internacional humanitari». Aquests principis es van inspirar en gran part de l'obra de Van Boven i Cherif Bassiouni, de manera que es coneixen com els principis de Van Boven/Bassiouni. El novembre de 2009 se'l va investir doctor honoris causa per la Universitat de Buenos Aires. Ha manifestat el seu suport a la campanya per a l'establiment d'una Assemblea Parlamentària de les Nacions Unides, una organització que defensa la reforma democràtica a les Nacions Unides i la creació d'un sistema polític internacional més responsable.

Tortura a Espanya
Entre 5 i el 10 d'octubre de 2003, durant el seu mandat com a relator especial sobre la tortura, va viatjar a l'Estat espanyol i es va reunir amb funcionaris del govern espanyol, representants de la societat civil i víctimes i familiars de casos esgrimits com de tortura. La missió diplomàtica va venir motivada per la necessitat d'investigar el gran nombre de denúncies sobre abusos i maltractaments que cometien les forces d'ordre públic. El 2002, en un informe previ, va recopilar fins a 110 denúncies realitzades de bona fe contra males pràctiques de la Policia espanyola i la Guàrdia Civil espanyola, i en menor grau, l'Ertzaintza i els Mossos d'Esquadra.

Un any després de la visita, el 27 d'octubre de 2004, va denunciar davant l'Assemblea General de les Nacions Unides que «la tortura succeeix en molts llocs, inclosa Europa, relacionada amb qüestions d'autodeterminació com el País Basc a Espanya o els kurds a Turquia». Anteriorment, el 31 de març de 2004, ja va manifestar l'ús d'aquesta pràctica delictiva davant de la Comissió de Drets Humans de les Nacions Unides, circumscrita majoritàriament a membres o simpatitzants del grup armat independentista basc Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA), que havien estat privats de son, asfixiats amb bosses de plàstic i sotmesos a tractes humiliants. En el torn de rèplica, l'ambaixador d'Espanya, Joaquín Pérez-Villanueva Tovar, va expressar que els casos aïllats d'aquests tipus d'abusos, comesos per algun membre de les forces de seguretat o cos de funcionaris, s'havien presentat davant dels tribunals de justícia.

Premis i reconeixements
L'any 1982 se li va atorgar el premi Louise Weiss a Estrasburg; el 1985, el premi Right Livelihood Award a Estocolm per «parlar sobre l'abús dels drets humans sense por ni favor a la comunitat internacional»; el 1996, l'associació International Service for Human Rights el va premiar a Ginebra amb el Premi dels Drets humans; el 2001, va rebre la medalla Clara Wichman; el 2004, el premi Wateler de la Pau i, el 2013, el Premi Llum de la Veritat.

També se li van lliurar condecoracions honorífiques, com ara el títol de comandant de l'Orde d'Orange-Nassau, el 1999 a Maastricht; comandant de l'Orde de Bernardo O'Higgins, el 2007 a Santiago de Xile; i comandant de l'Orde del Libertador San Martín, el 2009 a Buenos Aires.

Documental
L'any 2016 va ser el protagonista de la pel·lícula Els subversius, un documental centrat en la seva feina com a director d'assumptes de Drets Humans de l'ONU de finals dels anys 1970 i principis dels 1980. En el reportatge cinematogràfica s'explica el seu compromís amb els milers de desapareguts i refugiats, les seves accions contra les dictadures militars i el seu enfrontament amb el secretari general de l'ONU, Javier Pérez de Cuéllar.

Referències

Enllaços externs
 OHCHR.org - «Principis Van Boven/Bassiouni»
 Informe com a relator especial de l'ONU sobre la tortura durant la seva visita a Espanya (2004)
 Informe com a relator especial de l'ONU sobre la tortura durant la seva visita a Espanya (2004)

Comandant de l'orde d'Orange-Nassau
Professors de la Universitat d'Amsterdam
Alumnes de la Universitat de Leiden
Juristes neerlandesos
Persones d'Holanda Meridional
Professors de la Universitat de Leiden
Tribunal Penal Internacional per a l'antiga Iugoslàvia
Doctors honoris causa per la Universitat de Buenos Aires
Alumnes de la Universitat Metodista del Sud


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Handling and compressing of dry and humid gases. Entrained liquid can be handled during normal duty. The compressors are applied in all fields where a compression over pressure of up to 12 bar has to be created by robust compressors and only a small increase in temperature is admissible during compression. Fields of application are the plastics industry (recovery of process gases as vinyl chloride), the petrochemical industry(compression of combustible gases as gasoline vapours or hydrogen), the transport of gases in general and many more.


text:
Hanrahan works on transition
Advisory panels are planned
CARRIE MILLER Sun staff writer
Sometime after Pegeen Hanrahan shook her opponent's hand Tuesday night and before she began waving thank you Wednesday morning to passing cars at the corner of University and Main, Gainesville's mayor-elect began implementing a transition plan.
Hanrahan, a 37-year-old environmental engineer who already has served two three-year terms on the City Commission, has big plans between now and May 20, when she will replace outgoingMayor Tom Bussing.
She defeated banker C.B. Daniel by a 57-to-43-percent margin in Tuesday night's runoff election. Bussing, who ran for re-election, was eliminated in the initial March 9 election.
Hanrahan said she already has begun reaching out to recruit members for a series of advisory committees - "not very many and not for very long" - to help develop a plan for the future in areas such as recreation, transportation, economic development and the redevelopment of east Gainesville.
The committees will be unofficial, she said, and last only until she's sworn in as mayor. Hanrahan said she plans to recruit to the committees supporters of her challengers in the most recent election: Daniel, Bussing and Michael Belle.
"To me, one of the real challenges of being a good leader in Gainesville is to recognize that we have a very diverse community with people who have very different views of how we should move forward," she said. "I want to reach out to people who have been supporters of my opponents, because I think it's important to kind of recognize that the campaign is behind us.
"The love of the community is what we all share."
Her advisory committees will be charged with coming up with "things that are very easy; some low-hanging fruit; some tougher things; and then some things that are very difficult but that we should do," she said.
For example, Hanrahan said the committee on recreation might recommend that the city's recreational facilities could be put to better use if they were open different hours.
Right now, she said, some of the recreational facilities for children are open during the time youths are in school but closed in evening hours when they would be more heavily used.
In addition to making policy suggestions, Hanrahan said the advisory committees will be asked to develop a timeline, estimated costs and potential partners to implement their suggestions.
Among Hanrahan's top list of priorities for her term are redeveloping the east side and forging a closer relationship with the University of Florida.
"We have a great plan in Plan East Gainesville," Hanrahan said of a redevelopment blueprint developed during her previous term on the commission. "It's time to find the builders of that blueprint."
The change in leadership at UF, with new President Bernie Machen, "is a great opportunity to form a closer relationship between the university and the community."
Hanrahan will have her own relationship-building to do on the City Commission, where three commissioners actively supported Daniel in the mayor's race: Ed Braddy, Tony Domenech and Rick Bryant.
She had the active support of the remaining three she will serve with, however: Commissioners Warren Nielsen, Craig Lowe and Chuck Chestnut, setting up a potential majority voting bloc.
"I'm not too worried about it," she said of the commissioners who opposed her. "They're all good people and they're there because they care about the community.
"We just need to focus on where we can find some common ground."
Carrie Miller can be reached at (352) 338-3103 or millerc@gvillesun.com.


text:
Det här är en lista över de personer som har varit regenter (kungar, regerande drottningar, riksföreståndare eller riksjarlar) i kungariket Norge sedan 800-talet. Den norska regentlängden inleds traditionellt med Harald Hårfager, efter Snorre Sturlassons framställning i Heimskringla. Det är emellertid osäkert hur stabil kungamakten var under de första 150 åren och vissa historiker har argumenterat för att Norges kungalängd lika gärna skulle kunna inledas med Olav Tryggvason, eller med Harald Hårdråde.

Från början var Norge ett självständigt rike, som tidvis under 900-, 1000- och 1100-talen styrdes av de danska kungarna. 1319 hamnade landet i union med Sverige, eftersom Magnus Eriksson då ärvde den norska kronan av sin morfar Håkan och även valdes till svensk kung, då han var brorson till den avsatte svenske kungen Birger Magnusson. Magnus son Håkan, som efterträdde honom som norsk kung 1343, gifte sig 1363 med den danske kungen Valdemar Atterdags dotter Margareta och genom deras son Olof förenades Danmark och Norge i union 1380. Denna union skulle i olika former komma att bestå i över 400 år. 1389 fick alla de tre nordiska länderna (Danmark, Norge och Sverige) samma regent i Margareta och den så kallade Kalmarunionen, som stadfästes 1397, skulle komma att bestå till och från fram till 1523, då Sverige slutligen bröt sig loss ur den. 1448 fick Danmark och Sverige olika kungar (Kristian I respektive Karl Knutsson) och dessa kom under en kort tid att kämpa om den norska kronan. 1450 avgick Kristian med seger i denna kamp och därefter kom de danska kungarna att härska ostört över Norge fram till 1814.

Den 31 oktober 1536 kungjordes den så kallade Handfästningen i Köpenhamn. Resultatet av denna var, att Norge inte längre skulle vara ett eget kungarike i union med Danmark, utan en dansk provins. Även om Norge 1660 formellt återfick sin status som eget kungarike i union med Danmark medförde det ingen skillnad i praktiken, eftersom Norge, genom införandet av det kungliga enväldet i Danmark, knöts ännu hårdare till det danska riket.

Den 14 januari 1814 slöt Sverige och Danmark freden i Kiel, där Danmark tvingades avstå Norge, som skulle bli en del av Sverige. Norrmännen vägrade emellertid att gå med på detta och utropade 17 maj samma år en dansk prins till norsk kung. Efter ett kort krig mellan Sverige och Norge (26 juli–14 augusti) tvingades denne dock abdikera (10 oktober) och Sveriges kung blev även kung av Norge. Norge kom dock inte att bli en svensk provins, utan utgjorde ett eget kungarike i union med Sverige. Denna varade fram till 1905, då det norska Stortinget den 7 juni sade upp den. Efter förhandlingar mellan Sverige och Norge upplöstes unionen formellt 1 november och den 18 november valdes ånyo en dansk prins till kung av Norge – landets första egna kung sedan 1380. Sedan dess har Norge återigen varit en självständig monarki. Under andra världskriget ockuperades landet av Nazityskland (1940–1945) och kungen och regeringen flydde då till Storbritannien. Kungen vägrade dock gå med på de tyska kraven på att abdikera och var, under hela den tyska ockupationen, Norges lagliga statsöverhuvud.

Kungalängden är samtidigt en infallsvinkel till Norges historia; den beskriver utvecklingen av statsmakten och regeringen i Norge från rikssamling, genom medeltidens kyrko- och kungaroll, via Kalmarunionen och enväldestiden, omskiftningar i kölvattnet av den franska revolutionen och napoleonkrigen fram till dagens konstitutionella monarki.

Hårfagerätten, det danska styret och ladejarlarna
      Hårfagerätten

Bjälboätten

Ylvingaätten

Pfalzisk-neumarktska ätten

Ätten Bonde

Oldenburgska ätten

Holstein-Gottorpska ätten

Bernadotteska ätten

Glücksborgska ätten

Grafisk tidsaxel över Norges regenter

Se även
 Norges monarki
 Lista över Norges regentgemåler
 Norges statsminister
 Lista över Danmarks regenter
 Lista över Englands regenter
 Lista över Finlands statsöverhuvuden
 Lista över Islands statsöverhuvuden
 Lista över Sveriges regenter

Referenser

Externa länkar
 Det norska kungahusets webbplats

Regenter
Norge


text:
Kevin Durant Suns
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Gas Prices Today
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The striker spent 18 months in Austria
Red Bull Salzburg sporting director: Haaland convinced us right from the start
Christoph Freund and Erling Haaland.
ANDER BARRIUSO
The reasons for Achraf's departure from Real Madrid: There wasn't space for him?
Georgina Rodriguez's beautiful gesture on Thiago Messi's birthday
Red Bull Salzburg sporting director Christoph Freund discovered Erling Haaland at Molde and managed to bring him to the Austrian club for eight million euros in the summer of 2018, which was the start of the 20-year-old's incredible rise.
Haaland went on to score 29 goals and provide seven assists in 27 games for Salzburg, which led to Borussia Dortmund 20 million euros to secure his services in January 2020. Since joining the German club, he has netted 24 goals and made six assists in 27 games. When asked about Salzburg's pursuit of the then-Molde striker, Freund admits that he was always convinced of Haaland's talent.
"The fee for Haaland was significantly lower back then," Freund told Goal and Spox. "It was a very long process for Erling. We first noticed him in 2016 at a game for the Norwegian U16 national team. "Because it was difficult to get recordings of his games, we had it filmed. He convinced us right from the start, so the scout contacted him and his father. "It is a great advantage to be in personal contact with a talent and their guardians before any other potentially interested club.
"That was in 2018. He seemed very focused, intelligent and self-confident to me. He knew exactly what he wanted." Freund has been active on the media circulate of late and he also appeared on Sky Sport Germany alongside Lothar Matthaus. When Matthaus suggested that Haaland could fit Liverpool, the Salzburg sporting director agreed. "That's where he will land," said Freund. "He can play for any club in the world. With his mentality, his will, with his self-confidence he can make a mark on European football in the next ten years."
"Dortmund are one of the top 10 teams in Europe, but there are five or six better teams and that is where he will play at some point," Matheus commented.
"I'm thinking of the top clubs; not necessarily Bayern Munich, because Robert Lewandowski will be playing for the next two or three years and Haaland will probably not stay in Dortmund that long."
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Central Arkansas Water is a core partner with 26 other water systems in the Mid-Arkansas Water Alliance (MAWA). MAWA is a not-for-profit membership corporation organized for the purpose of requesting water allocations from U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' lakes (Greers Ferry Lake and Lake Ouachita). Member entities are located in the counties of Cleburne, Conway, Faulkner, Garland, Lonoke, Pulaski, Perry, and Saline. Assisting the cities and water user groups in this regional initiative are the Little Rock and Vicksburg district offices of the Corps of Engineers, the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission, and the Ouachita River Water District. The charge of the Alliance is to identify and secure the additional water needs for our customers for the next 50 years.
The Mid-Arkansas Water Alliance is also working in partnership with the Saline Watershed Alliance and the Lonoke-White Public Water Authority in pursuit of the best available water sources, at the lowest reasonable cost. Together, we represent 1/4 of the state of Arkansas's population.


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Post Tagged with: "seton hall"
MEN'S BASKETBALL | Hoyas to Face Harvard in NIT Opening Round
Georgetown's hopes of making its first NCAA Tournament in five years were crushed when they lost to Seton Hall 73-57 in the quarterfinals of the Big East tournament March 14. Despite failing to make the NCAA tournament, Georgetown earned a bid to play in the National Invitation tournament. The Hoyas[Read More…]
by Sean Haggerty — March 18, 2019 — 0 comments — Sports - Top
MEN'S BASKETBALL | Defense Struggles Again, Hoyas Give Up 90 at Seton Hall
Coming off another last-minute loss at home, the Georgetown men's basketball team had little luck stopping Seton Hall Wednesday night, losing 90-75. Senior center Jessie Govan led the Hoyas (15-10, 5-7 Big East) with 20 points and six rebounds. Playing a key role off the bench, senior guard Greg Malinowski[Read More…]
by Sports Editor — February 15, 2019 — 0 comments — Sports - Top
SWIMMING AND DIVING | Strong Showing for Hoyas in Tri-Meet With Seton Hall and Providence
Just ahead of the Big East championships later this month, Georgetown swimming and diving faced conference rivals Seton Hall University and Providence College in a tri-meet on Friday and Saturday. The Hoya women came out on top, defeating both Seton Hall and Providence, while the men defeated Providence but fell[Read More…]
by Sports Editor — February 5, 2019 — 0 comments — Sports - Top
MEN'S BASKETBALL | Hoyas Drop to 8th in Conference After Loss to Pirates
After jumping out to an early double-digit lead, the Georgetown men's basketball team lost 74-61 to No. 13 Seton Hall on Saturday afternoon. The Hoyas' record fell to 12-5 overall and 2-4 in Big East play. Georgetown took care of the ball on offense at the beginning of the game[Read More…]
by Sports Editor — January 15, 2018 — 0 comments — Sports, Sports - Top
Baseball | Series Loss Dooms Playoff Hopes
The Georgetown baseball team (25-29, 8-10 Big East) missed out on an opportunity to solidify its spot in the Big East tournament by losing two of three games to Villanova (20-29, 5-10 Big East) over the weekend. The Hoyas will not play next weekend and will instead wait for the[Read More…]
by Sports Editor — May 20, 2016 — 0 comments — Sports, Sports - Top
Baseball | Crucial Matchup Awaits
After splitting a two-game series with Maryland-Eastern Shore, Georgetown (20-23, 4-5 Big East) gears up to resume conference play in a three game set with Seton Hall (30-12, 4-2 Big East) this weekend. On April 27, Seton Hall defeated St. Peters (6-31, 1-11 Metro Athletic Atlantic Conference) in an 8-1[Read More…]
by Sports Editor — April 29, 2016 — 0 comments — Sports, Sports - Top
Softball | Hoyas Finish 1-2 in Weekend Series
Holding onto a sixth-inning rally in game two that lifted Georgetown softball (8-29, 2-9 Big East) to a 6-5 victory over Seton Hall (21-23, 4-7 Big East) Saturday afternoon, the Hoyas could not hang on, dropping the third and final game 6-5 Sunday afternoon. Georgetown finished the three-game weekend series[Read More…]
Softball | Hoyas Drop 4th Straight
After dropping three games to Creighton (22-12, 6-1 Big East) last weekend and one to Towson (27-10, 4-4 CAA) on Wednesday, the Georgetown softball team (7-27, 1-7 Big East) will look to rebound when it hosts Seton Hall (19-22, 2-6 Big East) for a three-game series this weekend. "It's not[Read More…]
by Sports Editor — April 15, 2016 — 0 comments — Sports
Men's Basketball | Govan Scores 27 in Lackluster Loss
What little hope Georgetown fans had that the Georgetown men's basketball team (14-13, 7-7 Big East) would make the NCAA tournament took a hit Wednesday night when the Hoyas fell to Seton Hall (18-7, 8-5 Big East) by a score of 72-64. In the first game of a stretch where[Read More…]
by Sports Editor — February 19, 2016 — 1 comment — Sports
Men's Basketball | Hoyas Hope to Avenge Loss to Pirates in First of Final Three Home Games
After losing six of its last nine games, the Georgetown men's basketball team (14-12, 7-6 Big East) finds itself tied for fifth place in the Big East standings. A home game against the Seton Hall Pirates (17-7, 7-5 Big East) is yet another must-win game for the Hoyas if they[Read More…]
by Sports Editor — February 17, 2016 — 0 comments — Sports, Sports - Top


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'Antigone' explores personal toll of family duty with modern flourishes
Cassandra Szklarski / The Canadian Press
Director of "Antigone" Sophie Deraspe smiles during a news conference to announce "Antigone" as Canada's entry for the 2020 Academy Awards for the best international film in Montreal, Friday, Sept. 20, 2019. The judicial and social commentary in Sophie Deraspe's modern-day adaptation of the Greek tragedy "Antigone" are hard to avoid but the Quebec filmmaker says she did not set out to make a political film by focusing on an immigrant young man facing deportation. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Graham Hughes
TORONTO — Sophie Deraspe says she did not set out to make a political film by examining the fallout of an immigrant young man facing deportation in Quebec, but the judicial and social commentary in the filmmaker's modern-day adaptation of the Greek tragedy "Antigone" are hard to avoid.
The francophone tale unfolds through the soulful eyes of a teenage refugee named Antigone, a bright student whose life is upended when her older brother is shot by police and another brother is arrested on gang-related drug charges.
The blow opens raw wounds for Antigone, her sister Ismene, and their bewildered grandmother who are still mourning the murders of Antigone's parents before they fled an unspecified war-torn country to resettle in a low-income Montreal neighbourhood.
Played by newcomer Nahema Ricci, the unwaveringly principled Antigone cycles through despair, rage, anguish and desperation as she tries to hold her family together in the face of a callous and unrelenting judicial system.
Deraspe describes the film, which is Canada's submission in the 2020 Oscar race for best international feature, as "very emotional" and "very human," rather than overtly political.
"I see that (there is a) political reading of it and I think it's a great conversation we can have," Deraspe said in September when the film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival to acclaim.
"It's great if it brings a conversation about that (but also) empathy. Film is one of the best vehicles for empathy and sometimes we see the differences we have with our neighbours like this family ... and we have very superficial judgments but we don't know what people have been through."
Deraspe acknowledges some inspiration from real-life headlines about violent police encounters with racialized youth and headline-grabbing accounts of gang-ridden neighbourhoods, but says any references to current social woes are more related to her attempts to modernize Sophocles' ancient parable.
Then there are the visual tricks Deraspe employs to further root the morality tale in today's world, which include images of news footage, shaky cellphone video and rapid cuts.
This is especially so when bystander video of the brother's brutal police takedown goes viral online and sparks a public outcry.
Ricci's smoldering portrayal of Antigone's raw emotion commands the screen in frequent close-ups, and the teen's face itself becomes a symbol of defiance for those who rush to support the family with posters, graffiti and online activism.
Ricci says she recalls loving the play the moment she first read it at age 14, and then lobbying as a 19-year-old amateur thespian to work on it for her assignment in a classical theatre course.
Two years later, she says she was gratified to be in a festival screening of her big-screen debut and hear audience members sobbing over her emotion-wrought performance, which she admits was a draining experience.
"It was very intense, and it was not only the shooting, it was the weeks before," says Ricci, whose father immigrated to Canada from Tunisia and her mother from France.
"I remember I was having a hard time just hanging out with my friends because I was thinking so much about tragedy all the time. All the time it was very monopolizing but it was an incredibly rich experience because she makes sense out of the tragedy.
"For me, I felt so powerful at that moment in my life because nothing could happen to me because I was so connected to Antigone.... It was a philosophical experience, it was a spiritual experience, it was something huge, very immense."
"Antigone" opens in Toronto and Vancouver on Friday.
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Strathclair Drama Club stages Wizard of Oz
Elkhorn singer up for three MCMA awards
Rainbow Stage Heaps Praise on The Addams Family


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Can the Vatican Be Subject to ICC Prosecution?
13 Sep Can the Vatican Be Subject to ICC Prosecution?
13.09.11 | 19 Comments
Well, the Center for Constitutional Rights certainly thinks so
Human rights lawyers and victims of clergy sexual abuse filed a complaint on Tuesday urging the International Criminal Court in The Hague to investigate and prosecute Pope Benedict XVI and three top Vatican officials for crimes against humanity for what they described as abetting and covering up the rape and sexual assault of children by priests.
The formal filing of nearly 80 pages by two American advocacy groups, the Center for Constitutional Rights and the Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests, is the most substantive effort yet to hold the pope and the Vatican accountable in an international court for sexual abuse by priests.
The actual CCR filing can be found here. I think there are massive jurisdictional issues here, as well as substantive issue related to the ICC's jurisdiction. I'm not quite buying that the abuse scandals constitute a "widespread or systemic attack directed at a civilian population." But CCR lawyers are very good (if a little radical, but maybe that's why they are good). I still am predicting no court action on this. But CCR has already gotten most of what they want out of this filing, in terms of media coverage and public awareness.
Courts & Tribunals, International Criminal Law
it is widespread or systematic, so widespread would fit — as alleged.
Also, the conduc of some priests may fit within "sytematic."
What about "pursuant to or in furtherance of a … organizational policy to commit such attacks." Was it the "policy"?
And what about art. 12(2)(a) and (b) — not if allegedly on U.S. terr. by U.S. nationals. Covered if on U.S. terr. by a national of one of the 115 parties to the Rome Stature of the ICC.
I myself would love for this to go ahead, however, the widespread or systematic cover-up or a common crime is not a crime against humanity. The Vatican simply did not order its priests to commit this horrible acts. Though it still is a very effective (and creative!) way to raise awareness and pressure the Vatican.
I suppose that one might argue that a policy of covering up can migrate to a policy of encouraging and then to a policy to commit? Or is this too far a stretch?
Benjamin Davis
If words have meaning, this will be a crime against humanity subject to the jurisdiction of the ICC. Too many acts and omissions, too long, in too many places.
Kevin Coffey
Whether the ICC has jurisdiction to prosecute the Vatican is questionable. Vatican City is not a State Party to the Rome Statute. The only way the ICC can have enforcement authority to prosecute is through the Security Council referring the matter to the court or the Vatican itself willing to accept the ICC's jurisdiction (both hugely unlikely).
Politically, it is also unlikely. The ICC is funded primarily by the European Union. I cant see member states sanctioning such a prosecution/ It undoubtedly would provoke world-wide outrage for an institution that is still battling for its future.
Of course, in a perfect world, the Vatican would have to face justice but unfortunately, cases like these are often more determined by what is expedient rather than what is right.
i missed the point about "the Vatican" — only individuals can be prosecuted in the ICC. See art. 1 and art. 25(1).
I was thinking about possible criminal responsibility of priests.
Toledo Dave
please read the brief for more on jurisdiction – go to ccrjustice.org
I skimmed the jurisdiction section of the complaint and, for obvious reasons, they see how there could be jurisdiction over the specific individuals against whom the case is done. That may be the way this works because of their nationalities and/or the place things occurred. Thus the rule can be vindicated and I would not be so categorically negative on the jurisdiction point. On the political point, yes but that can cut different ways.
Alexander Eichener
Kevin, it may not be asked too much from a jurist to distinguish here between the person of the pope (and which pope? the one who since decades did more than everybody else within the Roman Catholic Church to prosecute child abusers strenuously and effectively?!), the Vatican City State, and the Holy See.
Secondly, this media stunt, devoid of any substance, is among the most ludicrous things I have seen in international law for quite some time.
Thirdly, and speaking as a canonist now, thus changing my caps, there can indeed be made a case against high-ranking Catholic prelates for aiding and abetting, and conspiracy to defeat justice. This is true for some US American and Chilean bishops, and for virtually the entire Irish episcopal conference. On part of the Roman Curia, the disciplinary section of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (colloquially still sometimes dubbed the "Ufficio") does an amazingly good job under the conditions that are, after decades of sweeping-under-the-carpet and protection of perpetrators on the diocesan and national levels. But I must admit that they do not reach up high enough.
Kevin Jon Heller
I don't know if this is the most ludicrous thing I've seen, but I certainly don't expect it to go anywhere — and I'm sure CCR knows that. It's clearly designed to raise the profile of the systematic abuse, which I think is a good thing.
As for the legal aspects, the mode of participation would clearly be command responsibility — which applies to civilian superiors as well as military ones. In a strictly hierarchical organization like the Catholic Church, the necessary effective control would be easy to prove, as would the failure to take reasonable steps to prevent or punish. And there seems to be little problem proving the knowledge of at least some higher-ups.
The key question, then, would be the contextual elements of crimes against humanity — particularly, as Jordan rightly notes, the state or organizational policy requirement. That requirement, I think, would doom the charges: the attack on civilians was clearly widespread, but I don't see how it can be argued that sexual abuse was actual policy, even under the permissive Kenya standard.
I am just not sure that the "widespread" but not "actual policy" ideas are reconcilable unless there is a sense that "toleration" of this behavior was part of the actual policy. Otherwise we are in Sargent Schultz I see nothink land again. When you hear stories of known pedophile priests being moved around nationally (quid internationally from developed to developing countries). I see this as a dynamic structure that is hierarchical also.
Jordan, I should have clarified when I spoke about "The Vatican". I intended for the general term to apply to the highest individuals of this hierarchy (the Pope and 3 top Vatican officials etc).
Benjamin, Im trying to understand how the Pope and three other Vatican officials will come under territorial jurisdiction. Is this what we are talking about: The ICC may have jurisdiction because Vatican officials aided and abetted criminal acts that took place in countries (Ireland for example) that are State Parties to the ICC? If so, I suppose then territorial jurisdiction can then be satisfied. But what about satisfying temporal jurisdiction? The CCR lawyers would have to prove that these crimes persisted in (and met the gravity of threshold requirement) after July 2002 (not before) as this is when the ICC became operational. Im from Ireland and I am not sure this can satisfied. I may be wrong but the pervasiveness of clerical abuse seemed to take place before this date.
Sorry, but assuming a charge of CAH, the Pope and other Vatican officials in question have (in addition to Vatican nationality?) the nationality of two ICC member states – Germany and Italy, which apparently failed to prosecute them. Germany and Italy are actually barred by their own domestic systems to prosecute the Pope, considering him a Foreign Head of State (unwilling AND unable). So I do not see the problem with jurisdiction ratione personarum. Of course, the problem is the contextual elements of CAH.
I certainly disagree with Jon w.r.t. to the "raising the profile" bid (which in my thesaurus is entered as synonym to "clown show"); but the disagreement is due to the differing perspective that we may have:
I watch it from above and see that ONLY "Rome" (id est, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith under Ratzinger, the last two popes, and some other dicasteria in subservient function) has taken these cases seriously and has actively prosecuted them, while the bishops and other ordinarii loci and the national level ecclesiastical institutions have for far too long a time protected the culprits, have intimidated witnesses, and have frustrated the attempts of victims to attain justice.
To a certain degree in the past, even temporal institutions shared these vices spiritual. So, the situation was and is the exact contrary of what these CCR clowns purport.
JordanPaust
Well, Alexander, you are raising points about cover-up and tolearation or permission as de facto policies and the issue becomes whether such shifted to a de facto organizational policy to commit — perhaps still a stretch.
However, if the Prosecutor can "prove" that such a de facto policy by circumstantial evidence, it becomes more interesting. Sometimes the mens rea standard is "knowledge" or "intent," but if you can "prove" such by circumstantial evidence it can come down to — he/she must have known or intended
But even if the Pope should have known that his priests were committing abuses and did nothing to prevent it, could we really claim that that constitutes a policy of abusing children? I mean it seems pretty clear to me that the abusive acts were made not because the Vatican wanted them to be done, but because the priests themselves wanted to do them in an un-coordinated fashion. Is it really legal or at least wise/prudent to make such a jump??
I think there was a widespread and systematic policy of covering common crimes, but that's it. So there would be no ICC jurisdiction.
Dov Jacobs
I agree that this is essentially a media exercise. But it's still interesting to think of the legal dimensions. I've considered some of them over at my blog, that pick up of some of the issues you discuss.
@KJH: I'd be curious to know if you are even vaguely convinced that the modes of liability suggested by the CCR are in fact ineffective. If there's command responsibility, you must establish the underlying crime. However, without the Vatican, there just isn't any policy that would allow to establish crimes against humanity. Basically, it's 25(3)(a), or nothing at all IMHO.
Which leads me to suggest that the only way to argue this logically is to say that the cover-up itself is the crime, not the underlying acts. That would certainly be a stretch, but would solve the difficult issue of omission and modes of liability.
Dov, the best thing of your too lengthy posting over there, are the four lines about the ICC's alleged "boy scout mentality". I like the irreverence of the formulation, and I like the sensible concern behind it; a concern which judge Kaul had only recently enounced in his dissenting opinion to the Kenyan summonses decisions.
(Kaul has since partially recanted, in a later decision on admissibilty, where he sided with the other two judges, but he had a point, au fond, which ought to be taken serious.)
Catholic priests and child abuse: Time to prosecute the Pope? (The Week) | Breaking News Today
[…] constitute a 'widespread or systemic attack directed at a civilian population,'" says Julian Ku at Opinio Juris. But it hardly matters. The Center for Constitutional Rights lawyers are "very good" […]
Julian Ku


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