Aug 26, 2015 - Telecommunication Systems, Inc.
A troposcatter terminal can include a location receiver, a network interface, an antenna control unit, and a motor controller. The location receiver can be configured to receive first current location information associated with a local troposcatter antenna. The network interface can be configured to receive second current location information associated with a distant troposcatter antenna. The antenna control unit can be configured to determine a heading from the local troposcatter antenna to the distant troposcatter antenna, an azimuth angle for the local troposcatter antenna, and an elevation angle for the local troposcatter antenna, the heading, the azimuth angle, and the elevation angle based on the first location information and the second location information. The motor controller can be configured to point the local troposcatter antenna according to the heading, the azimuth angle, and the elevation angle to establish troposcatter communications between the local troposcatter antenna and the distant troposcatter antenna.
The present disclosure is directed toward a method and apparatus for pointing troposcatter antennas. More particularly, the present disclosure is directed toward exchanging location information between user terminals as a basis to point troposcatter antennas at each other.
Troposcatter communications use the lower atmosphere, or troposphere, as a basis to establish communications between troposcatter terminals. These communications go beyond traditional line of sight communications, which are limited to certain distances because of the curvature of the earth. In addition, line of sight communications can be degraded or blocked by structures or other barriers, for example, mountains, hills, etc. Troposcatter communications utilize these barriers as an advantage by diffracting the troposcatter signals over these barriers and bounce a signal off of the troposphere, thus improving communications. For military applications, troposcatter communications sites are established with pre-determined locations based on a specific mission, to extend communications to distant sites that extend beyond the main operations centers.
Presently, operators are used to point troposcatter antennas. An operator, using previous knowledge of approximate latitude and longitude location of a distant end terminal, manually points their troposcatter antenna in the general direction of the distant end terminal to begin working a communications link. This manual operator process is very slow. For example, an operator takes from 1 hour to days to manually establish a communications link using an AN/TRC-170.
A method to establish troposcatter communications can include: receiving, with a location receiver, first current location information associated with a local troposcatter antenna; receiving, with a network interface, second current location information associated with a distant troposcatter antenna; determining, with an antenna control unit, a heading from the local troposcatter antenna to the distant troposcatter antenna, an azimuth angle for the local troposcatter antenna, and an elevation angle for the local troposcatter antenna, the heading, the azimuth angle, and the elevation angle based on the first location information and the second location information; and pointing, with a motor controller, the local troposcatter antenna according to the heading, the azimuth angle, and the elevation angle to establish the troposcatter communications between the local troposcatter antenna and the distant troposcatter antenna.
In order to describe the manner in which advantages and features of the disclosure can be obtained, a description of the disclosure is rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. These drawings depict only example embodiments of the disclosure and are not therefore to be considered to be limiting of its scope.
FIG. 4 illustrates an example method to point an antenna, according to one or more embodiments.
What is needed is a troposcatter communication system that allows for one or both of antennas within the troposcatter communication system to be in motion (Communications on the Move (COTM)) while maintaining troposcatter communications. Current location information (for example, latitude/longitude) for the antennas can be exchanged between user terminals of the troposcatter communication system. This current location information can be used by each user terminal to coordinate pointing angles toward one another. The troposcatter communication system can update antenna pointing based a change in heading or geographic location. Such updating and compensation allows the troposcatter communication system to maintain communications, even when one or both of the antennas are in motion. Such a troposcatter communication system overcomes the shortcomings of present troposcatter communication system, while being able to be operational in less than 30 minutes.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an example troposcatter communication system 100, according to one or more embodiments. The troposcatter communication system 100 can include first and second troposcatter antenna 110a and 110b, first and second high power amplifiers 120a and 120b coupled to the first and second antenna 110a and 110b, respectively, and also coupled to first and second modems 115a and 115b, respectively, the first and second modems 115a and 115b also coupled to the first and second user terminals 125a and 125b, respectively. In one or more embodiments, the first and second user terminals 125a and 125b can be coupled through a communication medium 135.
The first and second antennas 110a and 110b can be pointed at each other to allow the first and second user terminals 125a and 125b to establish troposcatter communications 130 with one another. The first and second antennas 110a and 110b can be pointed at headings that correspond to a straight line between the first and second antennas 110a and 110b. The first and second antennas 110a and 110b can be pointed at the troposphere 105 at an azimuth angle and an elevation angle. Such an azimuth angle and an elevation angle can be calculated to bounce a signal off of the troposphere 105 to establish troposcatter communications 130 between the first and second user terminals 125a and 125b using the first and second antennas 110a and 110b, respectively.
The first and second antennas 110a and 110b can establish point-to-point troposcatter communications 130 (for example, an Ethernet pipe). In one or more embodiments, the troposcatter communications 130 can include up to thirty-two (32) data channels. A single channel of the thirty-two data channels can provide communications at 64 kilo bits-per-second (kbps), with thirty-two data channels providing a throughput of 2048 kbps. Each channel of the troposcatter communications 130 can include transmission of an orderwire/out of band portion 132 and a data portion 134. The first and second user terminals 125a and 125b can use the orderwire/out of band portion 132 and/or the data portion 134 to exchange location information. As described herein, the first antenna 110a is a local antenna and the second antenna 110b is a distant antenna from a perspective of the first user terminal 125a, the first power amplifier 120a and the first modem 110a. Additionally, in this same manner, the second antenna 110b is a local antenna and the first antenna 110a is a distant antenna from a perspective of the second user terminal 125b, the second power amplifier 120b and the second modem 110b. The first and second antennas 110a and 110b can have characteristics including: communication frequencies ranging from 1.7 MHz to 8 GHz, communicate over a path length ranging from 40 to 300 Km dependent on frequency and path selected, communicate at power ranging from 10 to 10,000 Watts, receive noise ranging from ≦1.9 dB to ≦3.5 dB, either dual or quad diversity, having an antenna length of 1.2 to 9.1 m based on frequency, establish communications having a bit error rate of ≦106, and/or maintain a link availability of 99.9%. In one or more embodiments, the first antenna 110a and/or the second antenna 110b can be a 2.4 m TeleCommunication Systems, Inc. antenna.
The first and second modems 115a and 115b can receive/pass signals from/to the first and second user terminals 125a and 125b, respectively. The first and second modems 115a and 115b can receive/pass signals from/to the first and second high power amplifiers 120a and 120b, respectively. The first and second modems 115a and 115b can demodulate a signal produced by the first and second high power amplifiers 120a and 120b, respectively. The first and second modems 115a and 115b can modulate a signal produced by the first and second user terminals 125a and 125b, respectively. In one or more embodiments, the first and second modems 115a and 115b can be Comtech System, Inc. CS67500A modems providing up to 50 Mbps throughput.
The first and second high power amplifiers 120a and 120b can receive/pass signals from/to the first and second modems 115a and 115b, respectively. The first and second high power amplifiers 120a and 120b can receive/pass signals from/to the first and second antenna 110a and 110b, respectively. The first and second high power amplifiers 120a and 120b can operate with a power range of approximately 10 W to 10 kW.
The first and second modems 115a and 115b can, once troposcatter communications 130 are established between the first and second antennas 110a and 110b, share diagnostic information with each other. The first and second modems 115a and 115b can share this diagnostic information through the orderwire/out of band portion 132 of the troposcatter communications 130. In one or more embodiments, the first and second modems 115a and 115b can also use the orderwire/out of band portion 132 to establish a chat service for operators of the first and second user terminals 125a and 125b to be able to communicate with one another.
The first and second user terminals 125a and 125b can each receive location information (for example, latitude/longitude coordinates) and transmit location information. For example, the first user terminal 125a can receive location information indicating a current location of the second antenna 110b, and the second user terminal 125b can receive location information indicating a current location of the first antenna 110a. Likewise, the first user terminal 125a can transmit location information indicating a current location of the first antenna 110a, and the second user terminal 125b can transmit location information indicating a current location of the second antenna 110b. The first and second user terminals 125a and 125b can use the received location information as a basis to point the first and second antennas 110a and 110b at each other, respectively.
The first and second user terminals 125a and 125b can determine a heading between the first and second antennas 110a and 110b, respectively, based on a current location of the first and second antenna 110a and 110b. The first and second user terminals 125a and 125b can determine optimal azimuth and elevation angles that are needed to bounce a signal off of the troposphere 105 to allow the first and second user terminals 125a and 125b to establish troposcatter communicates 130 with each other. Such optimal azimuth and elevation angles maximizes data throughput between the first and second user terminals 125a and 125b.
Each of the first and second user terminals 125a and 125b can have a unique identifier (for example, System ID). These unique identifiers can be assigned in a specific network and stored in memories of the first and second user terminals 125a and 125b. Based on network configuration and preplanning, the first and second user terminals 125a and 125b can be pre-configured to "look" for a unique identifier. The first user terminal 125a can analyze received data to determine if a unique identifier for the second user terminal 125b is included in the received data, and vise versa. If the proper unique identifier is included with the received data, the first and second user terminals 125a and 125b can analyze the received data to determine location information associated with the unique identifier. The first and second user terminals 125a and 125b can use the location information associated with the unique identifier as a basis to point the first and second antennas 110a and 110b, respectively.
FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an example user terminal 125, according to one or more embodiments. The user terminal 125 can be a wireless terminal, a portable wireless communication device, a smartphone, a cellular telephone, a flip phone, a personal digital assistant, a personal computer, a tablet computer, or any other user terminal 125 that can be used to establish troposcatter communications 130.
The user terminal 125 can include a housing 205, an antenna control unit (ACU) 220 within the housing 205, audio input and output circuitry (not shown) coupled to the ACU 220, a user interface 260 coupled to the ACU 220, a memory 270 coupled to the ACU 220, and a network interface 280 coupled to the ACU 220. The user terminal 125 can further include the motor controller 290 coupled to the ACU 220, an inertial navigation unit (INU) 292 coupled to the ACU 220, and a location receiver 294 coupled to the ACU 220. The apparatus 125 can perform the methods described in all the embodiments.
The user interface 260 can include a viewfinder, a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light emitting diode (LED) display, a plasma display, a projection display, a touch screen, or any other device that displays information. The user interface 260 can further include a keypad, a keyboard, buttons, a touch pad, a joystick, another additional display, or any other device useful for providing an interface between a user and an electronic device. The network interface 280 can include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The audio input and output circuitry can include a microphone, a speaker, a transducer, or any other audio input and output circuitry. The memory 270 can include a random access memory, a read only memory, an optical memory, a flash memory, a removable memory, a hard drive, a cache, or any other memory that can be coupled to the user terminal 125.
The user terminal 125 or the ACU 220 may implement any operating system, such as Microsoft Windows®, UNIX®, or LINUX®, Android™, or any other operating system. Apparatus operation software may be written in any programming language, such as C, C++, Java or Visual Basic, for example. Apparatus software may also run on an application framework, such as, for example, a Java® framework, a .NET® framework, or any other application framework. The software and/or the operating system may be stored in the memory 270 or elsewhere on the user terminal 125. The user terminal 125 or the ACU 220 may also use hardware to implement disclosed operations. For example, the ACU 220 may be any programmable processor. Disclosed embodiments may also be implemented on a general-purpose or a special purpose computer, a programmed microprocessor or microprocessor, peripheral integrated circuit elements, an application-specific integrated circuit or other integrated circuits, hardware/electronic logic circuits, such as a discrete element circuit, a programmable logic device, such as a programmable logic array, field programmable gate-array, or the like. In general, the ACU 220 may be any controller or processor device or devices capable of operating an electronic device and implementing the disclosed embodiments.
The network interface 280 can be a universal serial bus port, or any other interface that can connect an apparatus to a network or computer and that can transmit and receive data communication signals. The network interface 280 can be a wired communication interface, such as a universal serial bus interface, an Ethernet port, an infrared transmitter/receiver, an IEEE 1394 port, a serial wired interface, a parallel wired interface, an Ethernet interface, or other wired interface, can be an optical interface, such as an infrared interface, can be a wireless interface, such as a Bluetooth® interface, a Wi-Fi interface, a wireless local area network interface, a cellular network interface, a satellite network interface (for example, cubesat), a wireless Wide Area Network (WAN) interface, a Ultra High Frequency (UHF)/Very High Frequency (VHF) interface, a Blueforce Tracking interface, a Broadband Global Area Network (BGAN) interface, a troposcatter interface to establish troposcatter communications 130, an Iridium interface, an Inmarsat interface, and/or can be any other interface or combination of interfaces that allows the first and second user terminals 125a and 125b to communicate with one another. The user terminals 125a and 125b can use the network interface 280 to communicate location information, unique identifier, and/or any other information that can be used to point the first and second antennas 110a and 110b or any information operators of the first and second user terminals 125a and 125b desire to be communicated between the first and second user terminals 125a and 125b.
The first and second user terminals 125a and 125b can establish minimal communications via the troposcatter communications 130 to exchange initial current location information. For example, the first and second antennas 110a and 110b can be pointed at each other based on rough approximations of locations of the first and second antennas 110a and 110b. The first and second antennas 110a and 110b can be moved to pre-designated locations having known approximate latitudes and longitudes, respectively. Such rough pointing of the first and second antennas 110a and 110b can allow the first and second user terminals 125a and 125b to exchange small amounts of data (for example, a few bytes) needed to exchange unique identifier and initial current location information. Once such initial location information is exchanged between the first and second user terminals 125a and 125b, such initial current location information can be used by the first and second user terminals 125a and 125b to accurately point the first and second antennas 110a and 110b to optimize communications between the first and second user terminals 125a and 125b. Thereafter, the first and second user terminals 125a and 125b can continue to and/or periodically exchange current location information via the troposcatter communications 130 to maintain optimized pointing of the first and second antennas 110a and 110b. Such initial exchange of current location information between the first and second user terminals 125a and 125b can be performed via any communications available to the first and second user terminals 125a and 125b, via the network interface 280.
In one or more embodiments, when the first and second user terminals 125a and 125b are unable to exchange initial location information via the troposcatter communications 130, the first and second user terminals 125a and 125b can broadcast a unique identifier and initial current location information via the communication medium 135. In one or more embodiments, the communication medium 135 can be a low bandwidth, high latency communication medium. In one or more embodiments, the communication medium 135 can be a high bandwidth, low latency communication medium. The first and second user terminals 125a and 125b can exchange initial current location information via communication medium 135 as a basis to initially point the first and second antennas 110a and 110b. Once the first and second antennas 110a and 110b have been initially pointed toward each other, the first and second user terminals 125a and 125b can, via the high power amplifiers 120a and 120b and the first and second modems 115a and 115b, establish troposcatter communications 130 via the first and second antennas 110a and 110b. Once the troposcatter communications 130 are established via the first and second antennas 110a and 110b, the first and second user terminals 125a and 125b can use a portion of the bandwidth of the troposcatter communications 130 to exchange current location information with each other in order to maintain pointing accuracy of the first and second antennas 110a and 110b.
In one or more embodiments, the first and second user terminals 125a and 125b can broadcast a unique identifier and attempt to exchange initial current location information via the troposcatter communications 130. If the attempt to exchange initial location information using the troposcatter communications 130 fails, the first and second user terminals 125a and 125b can switch to communication medium 135 as a basis for exchanging the initial location information. Likewise, if the attempt to exchange initial location information using the communication medium 135 fails, the first and second user terminals 125a and 125b can switch to the troposcatter communications 130 as a basis for exchanging the initial current location information. In one or more embodiments, the first and second user terminals 125a and 125b can broadcast a unique identifier and attempt to exchange initial location information simultaneously via the troposcatter communications 130 and the communication medium 135. Irrespectively of which of the troposcatter communications 130 and the communication medium 135 the first and second user terminals 125a and 125b are able to communicate the unique identifier and initial location information, the first and second user terminals 125a and 125b can point the first and second antennas 110a and 110b, respectively, at each other to begin communications via troposcatter communications 130. Thereafter, the first and second user terminals 125a and 125b can continue to exchange current location information via the troposcatter communications 130 as a basis for maintaining optimal pointing of the first and second antennas 110a and 110b.
In one or more embodiments, operators of the first and second user terminals 125a and 125b can use the troposcatter communications 130 and/or the communication medium 135 as a basis to verbally communicate with each other. The operators can verbally exchange current location information. This verbally exchanged location information can be manually entered into the first and second user terminals 125a and 125b as a basis to initially point the first and second antennas 110a and 110b. Thereafter, the first and second user terminals 125a and 125b can automatically exchange current location information as a basis for maintaining optimal pointing of the first and second antennas 110a and 110b.
The ACU 220 can determine a heading between the first and second user antennas 110a and 110b, and an azimuth angle and an elevation angle. The first and second antennas 110a and 110b can be pointed according to the heading, the azimuth angle and the elevation angle as a basis to bounce a signal off of the troposphere 105 to establish troposcatter communications 130 between the first and second user terminals 125a and 125b. For example, the ACU 220 of the first user terminal 125a can determine a heading to the second user terminal 125b and the azimuth and the elevation angles using a current location of the first user terminal 125a and received current location of the second user terminal 125b. Likewise, the ACU 220 of the second user terminal 125b can determine a heading to the first user terminal 125a and the azimuth and the elevation angles using a current location of the second user terminal 125b and received current location of the first user terminal 125a.
The INU 292 can determine inertial information for an antenna associated with the user terminal 125. The inertial information can include roll, pitch, and/or yaw associated with the antenna. For example, the INU 292 of the first user device 125a can determine inertial information for antenna 110a and the INU 292 of the second user device 125b can determine inertial information for antenna 110b. In one or more embodiments in which the first user terminal 125a or the second user terminal 125b is stationary and not experiencing inertial forces, the first user terminal 125a or the second user terminal 125b can eliminate the INU 292. The INU 292 may include a gyroscope, a gyrostat, a microelectromechanical system gyroscope, a fiber optic gyroscope, a ring laser gyroscope, a hemispherical resonator gyroscope, or any other device that can determine inertial forces acting on the antenna.
The location receiver 294 can receive signals indicating a current location of the antenna or can receive signals that can be used to determine a current location of the antenna. The location receiver 294 can be located proximate to the antenna such that location information produced by the location receiver 294 corresponds to the location of the antenna. The location receiver 294 can be a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, Differential GPS receiver, a Dynamic positioning (DP) receiver, an acoustic positioning receiver, an Inertial Navigation Unit, a GLObal NAvigation Satellite System (GLONASS) receiver, Selective Availability Anti-spoofing Module (SAASM), celestial navigation, and/or any other receiver that allows the user terminal 125 to determine a current location information for the antenna. In one or more embodiments, the location receiver 294 can be the network interface 280, with the network interface 280 receiving signals that can be used as a basis for determining current location for the antenna. For example, cellular signals received by network interface 280 can be used to determine location information based on triangulation of signals received from multiple cell towers.
The motor controller 290 can move the antenna to point in a desired direction. The motor controller 290 can receive signals from the ACU 220 instructing the motor controller 290 to move the antenna. The motor controller 290 can control electromechanical components of the antenna that move the antenna in response to the heading information, the azimuth angle, and the elevation angle determined by the ACU 220. The coordinated movements of the first antenna 110a and the second antenna 110b to point at each other provides for optimized communications between the first and second user terminals 125a and 125b. For example, the motor controller 290 of the first user terminal 125a can maintain a heading of the first antenna 110a to the second antenna 110b, the azimuth angle, and the elevation angle needed to allow a signal to bounce off of the troposphere 105 to establish troposcatter communications 130 between the first and second antennas 110a and 110b. Likewise, the motor controller 290 of the second user terminal 125b can maintain the heading of the second antenna 110b to the first antenna 110a, the azimuth angle, and the elevation angle needed to allow a signal to bounce off of the troposphere 105 to establish the troposcatter communications 130 between the first and second antennas 110a and 110b.
The motor controller 290 can change a direction of pointing of the antenna associated with the user terminal 125. The motor controller 290 can compensate for inertial information determined by the INU 292. The motor controller 290 can compensate for any inertial forces that may move the antenna out of an optimal pointing direction.
FIG. 3 illustrates an example graphic user interface 300 with which an operator can operate a user terminal 125, according to one or more embodiments. The graphic user interface (GUI) 300 can include various boxes through which the operator can view values, enter values, and initiate operations related to pointing of the antenna and operating the user terminal 125. In one or more embodiments, the GUI 300 can be displayed and executed in a web browser.
The GUI 300 can include a graphic button 301 to initiate display, on user terminal 125, of a status of communications with peripheral devices, such as, for example inertial receiver 292, location receiver 294, motor controller 290, and/or any other peripheral that may be connected to the user terminal 125. The GUI 300 can further include a box 302 to display current location information of a local antenna, a current heading of the local antenna, and pitch/roll information and a box 303 to display current location information of a distant antenna. The GUI 300 can include a box 304 to display a nearest diffraction point or distance to a distant antenna and an elevation angle needed to calculate a takeoff angle for a local antenna, a box 305 to display a calculated azimuth angle and an elevation angle for a distant antenna, and a box 306 to display a current azimuth angle and elevation angle for a local antenna.
The GUI 300 can further include a box 307 to display current local antenna status information, a box 308 to display user terminal 125 manual operation controls when enabled, a box 309 to display a bulls eye graphic of a location of a calculated distant antenna and pointing of a local antenna relative to a distant antenna. Box 309 can display such information in response to an acquire button being virtually pressed. The GUI 300 can further include a box 310 to display an events log for the user terminal 125, a box 311 to display an alarms log for the user terminal 125, and a box 312 to display operations available to an operator of the user terminal 125, such as, for example stop communications, deploy, acquire information for establishing troposcatter communications 130 with a distant antenna, reset target troposcatter communications 130 with the distant antenna, toggle manual operations of the user terminal 125, stow the user terminal 125, and initiate maintenance of the user terminal 125.
FIG. 4 illustrates an example method 400 to point an antenna, according to one or more embodiments.
The method 400 can begin at block 410. Block 410 can determine whether current location information is available at a local user terminal 125 for a distant antenna. For example, the first user terminal 125a can determine whether current location information is available for the second antenna 110b. Alternately, an operator of the user terminal 125 can manually enter a unique identifier and location information into the GUI 300. If the current location information is available at the local user terminal 125, block 410 can branch to block 450. If the current location information is not available at the local user terminal 125, block 410 can branch to block 420.
At block 420, the local user terminal 125 can determine a current location of a local antenna. For example, the first user terminal 125a can determine current location information for the first antenna 110a. The ACU 220 of the first user terminal 125a can read current location information from the location receiver 294, the current location information associated with the current location of the first antenna 110a. Block 420 can proceed to block 430.
At block 430, a local user terminal 125 can transmit a unique identifier and the current location information of a local antenna. For example, the first user terminal 125a can transmit the unique identifier of the first user terminal 125a and current location information of the first antenna 110a. The ACU 220 of the first user terminal 125a can control network interface 280 to transmit its unique identifier and current location information of the first antenna 110a to the second user terminal 125b. Block 430 can proceed to block 440.
At block 440, a local user terminal 125 can receive a unique identifier and current location information of a distant antenna. For example, the first user terminal 125a can receive a unique identifier of the second user terminal 125b and current location information of the second antenna 110b. The ACU 220 of the first user terminal 125a can control network interface 280 to receive, via the network interface 280, the unique identifier of the second user terminal 125b and the current location information of the second antenna 110b. Block 440 can proceed to block 450.
At block 450, a local user terminal 125 can determine an azimuth angle, an elevation angle, and heading for a local antenna that allows for optimized troposcatter communications 130 with a distant user terminal 125. A local user terminal 125 can use current location information of a distant antenna as a basis for determining the azimuth angle, elevation angle, and the heading. For example, the ACU 220 of the first user terminal 125a can determine an azimuth angle, an elevation angle, and a heading for a first antenna 110a that allows for optimized troposcatter communications 130 with the second user terminal 125b. The ACU 220 of first user terminal 125a can determine the azimuth angle, the elevation angle, and the heading based on current location information of the first antenna 110a received in block 420 and current location information of the second antenna 110b received in block 440. Block 450 can proceed to block 460.
At block 460, the user terminal 125 can point the antenna. The user terminal 125 can point the antenna according to the heading, the azimuth angle, and the elevation angle determined at block 450. For example, the motor controller 290 of the first user terminal 125a can set the heading, the azimuth angle, and the elevation angle of the first antenna 110a that is needed to establish optimized troposcatter communications 130 with the second antenna 110b.
At block 470, a local user terminal 125 can establish optimized troposcatter communications 130 with a distant user terminal 125. For example, the first user terminals 125a can control transmission of whatever control data is needed to setup troposcatter communications 130 with the second user terminal 125b. Block 470 can proceed to block 420 to allow for continuous pointing of the first and second antennas 110a and 110b to continuously optimize the troposcatter communications 130.
It should be understood that, notwithstanding the particular steps as shown in the figures, a variety of additional or different steps can be performed depending upon the embodiment, and one or more of the particular steps can be rearranged, repeated or eliminated entirely depending upon the embodiment. Also, some of the steps performed can be repeated on an ongoing or continuous basis simultaneously while other steps are performed. Furthermore, different steps can be performed by different elements or in a single element of the disclosed embodiments.
The method of this disclosure can be implemented on a programmed processor. However, the controllers, flowcharts, and modules may also be implemented on a general purpose or special purpose computer, a programmed microprocessor or microcontroller and peripheral integrated circuit elements, an integrated circuit, a hardware electronic or logic circuit such as a discrete element circuit, a programmable logic device, or the like. In general, any device on which resides a finite state machine capable of implementing the flowcharts shown in the figures may be used to implement the processor functions of this disclosure.
While this disclosure has been described with specific embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. For example, various components of the embodiments may be interchanged, added, or substituted in the other embodiments. Also, all of the elements of each figure are not necessary for operation of the disclosed embodiments. For example, one of ordinary skill in the art of the disclosed embodiments would be enabled to make and use the teachings of the disclosure by simply employing the elements of the independent claims. Accordingly, embodiments of the disclosure as set forth herein are intended to be illustrative, not limiting. Various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
In this document, relational terms such as "first," "second," and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. The phrase "at least one of" followed by a list is defined to mean one, some, or all, but not necessarily all of, the elements in the list. The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. An element proceeded by "a," "an," or the like does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element. Also, the term "another" is defined as at least a second or more. The terms "including," "having," and the like, as used herein, are defined as "comprising." Furthermore, the background section is written as the inventor's own understanding of the context of some embodiments at the time of filing and includes the inventor's own recognition of any problems with existing technologies and/or problems experienced in the inventor's own work.
a motor controller configured to point the local troposcatter antenna according to the heading, the azimuth angle, and the elevation angle determined by the antenna control unit to establish troposcatter communications between the local troposcatter antenna and the distant troposcatter antenna.
2. The troposcatter terminal according to claim 1, wherein the location receiver is a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver.
3. The troposcatter terminal according to claim 1, wherein the location receiver is an acoustic positioning receiver.
4. The troposcatter terminal according to claim 1, further comprising an inertial navigation unit to read roll, pitch, and yaw associated with the local troposcatter antenna.
5. The troposcatter terminal according to claim 4, wherein the motor controller compensates for the roll, pitch, and yaw read by the inertial navigation unit.
6. The troposcatter terminal according to claim 1, wherein the network interface is a cubesat interface.
7. The troposcatter terminal according to claim 1, wherein the network interface is a cellular interface.
8. The troposcatter terminal according to claim 1, wherein the network interface is an Ultra High Frequency (UHF)/Very High Frequency (VHF) interface.
9. The troposcatter terminal according to claim 1, further comprising a graphic user interface to display pointing information associated with the local troposcatter antenna.
10. The troposcatter terminal according to claim 1, wherein the troposcatter terminal is identified by a unique identifier.
pointing, with a motor controller, the local troposcatter antenna according to the heading, the azimuth angle, and the elevation angle to establish the troposcatter communications between the local troposcatter antenna and the distant troposcatter antenna.
12. The method to establish troposcatter communications according to claim 11, wherein the location receiver is a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver.
13. The method to establish troposcatter communications according to claim 11, wherein the location receiver is an acoustic positioning receiver.
14. The method to establish troposcatter communications according to claim 11, further comprising reading, with an inertial navigation unit, roll, pitch, and yaw associated with the local troposcatter antenna.
15. The method to establish troposcatter communications according to claim 14, further comprising stabilizing, with the motor controller, the local troposcatter antenna according to the roll, pitch, and yaw read by the inertial navigation unit.
16. The method to establish troposcatter communications according to claim 11, wherein the network interface is a cubesat interface.
17. The method to establish troposcatter communications according to claim 11, wherein the network interface is a cellular interface.
18. The method to establish troposcatter communications according to claim 11, wherein the network interface is an Ultra High Frequency (UHF)/Very High Frequency (VHF) interface.
19. The method to establish troposcatter communications according to claim 11, further comprising displaying, with a graphic user interface, pointing information associated with the local troposcatter antenna.
20. The method to establish troposcatter communications according to claim 11, further comprising identifying a troposcatter terminal, associated with the local troposcatter antenna, by a unique identifier.
Comtech Systems, Inc., Shipboard Troposcatter Tactical Maritime Communications Solutions for Littoral Environments, Jun. 30, 2015, 1-56, Department of the Navy, United State of America.
Comtech Systems, Inc., Advanced Troposcatter Communications Products, Mar. 12, 2009, 1-3, Comtech Systems, Inc., Orlando, Florida.


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Action / Adventure / Romance / Western
100% - Critics
When a town boss confiscates homesteader's supplies after gold is discovered nearby, a tough cowboy risks his life to try and get it to them.
Harry Morgan as Judge Stoddard Bell
James Stewart as Alfred Kralik
Julie Adams as Laura Baile
Rock Hudson as Burt Hanna
Reviewed by MartinHafer 8 / 10 / 10
excellent and well-thought-out Western
The acting of both Jimmy Stewart and Arthur Kennedy lifted this film well above the norm for a Hollywood Western. In particular, I liked Kennedy as the slimy guy you know MUST go bad before the picture is complete. Rock Hudson is fine, though not especially distinguished in his supporting role. On top of these two excellent performances, the writing is stellar, as the story is far from the typical production. It takes a lot of twists and turns and keeps your attention throughout. And, finally, the location cinematography is excellent, as the film has realism that is so often lacking in other Westerns--it is obvious this was filmed outdoors and not in some studio. All-in-all, an excellent film.
Reviewed by evelyndanielle66 8 / 10 / 10
Why haven't I heard of this fantastic movie before?
Being a huge movie buff, I had thought I had seen every western film ever made with the leading actors of the mid-20th century. We purchased a DVD with 4 old westerns starring James Stewart - "Bend of the River" was the first on the disk. I had never heard of it, but the cast included Rock Hudson and Harry Morgan so I thought it would be interesting at least. It started out with action right from the start - which really caught me off-guard. I kept thinking to myself that it must get really slow/boring/stupid or something to merit it's lack of public awareness. Not so - this film kept me completely rapt with all its twists and turns. The writing was incredible - comedy, drama and human angst all combined within a scene and then again, and again throughout the story. You felt you could relate to each character, no matter how minor or repugnant their role. I am also a history buff with respect to ghost towns and the Gold Rush. What I have read about the real prospectors and the greedy businessmen who preyed on their pursuit of riches only enhances the believe- ability of this story. Regardless of the goofs, errors or historical/geographical inaccuracies that have been listed within this site - this movie is a real gem.
Reviewed by Nazi_Fighter_David 8 / 10 / 10
A good standard Western with pace and period feeling...
"Bend of the River" welcomes the fine blend of a passionate action with intense characterization that had become Mann's masterful specialty... Stewart (in his second feature with Mann after "Winchester '73") is seen as a reluctant hero, stumbled, brutalized and confused, chasing a personal mission with severe determination, and giving life to the complex moral and psychological forces that drive Mann's heroes... Vivid as a laconic quiet man driven by betrayal to violent rage, Stewart is a former raider on the Missouri-Kansas border, who guides a wagon train of settlers to Oregon... There he gets double-crossed by associates who try to turn aside necessary food and supplies to gold-rush activities... Ingenious and malicious, Arthur Kennedy (very much in his element), is Stewart's former companion-in-crime whom Stewart saves from hanging, and helps him fight the Indians on the way to Oregon... Adroit, insincere, and dishonest, Kennedy turns on Stewart stealing the settler's supplies for a handsome profit but is later dispatched by an irritated and enraged Stewart... Kennedy has been preferred in Westerns as the more insidious kind of villain: friendly, smiling, charming and smooth-talking on the surface, weak and corrupt underneath... His specialty is the courteous type who befriends the hero and then turns out to be planning something illegal to his own advantage on the side... Julie Adams is along the ride as a love interest getting short penitence in all the macho interplay... Rock Hudson is cast as a soft gambling man from San Francisco, adept at cards as well as women, defender of a fair deal, ready to fight beside his friends... Filmed against a breathtaking Technicolor panorama, with nice music that highlights the action, "Bend of the River" is a good standard Western with pace and period feeling, rolling along to its predictable happy ending, discarding any unwanted characters...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Quest Glen Waverley is located in the heart of Melbourne's South Eastern Suburbs. It is an easy walk to the Kingsway Restaurant and Entertainment Precinct, the Glen Shopping Center and the Century City Movie Cinemas. Quest Glen Waverley is within minutes of public transport options, The Monash Aquatic Centre, Jells Park, Monash University Clayton Campus and the Monash Hospital Clayton.
Offers great accessibility to upscale restaurants, trendy fashions, several music and technology companies based nearby in Glen Waverley's finest residential district.


In 1994 we began a business which made more than a few folks raise an eyebrow. It started with purchasing my first ever boar which grew to be massive and who was known as "Walter" shortly thereafter we bought a dozen wild sows and began raising more. "Walter" turned mean, not to us, but to other boars and began killing his own offspring, at that point we moved him into a very bushy quarter of land to live with some other boars. A young bow hunter working road construction nearby expressed interest in hunting the boars with his bow and so we invited him in. That hunt was thrilling both for us and the three young hunters that came to hunt. They harvested three boars over the course of three days, one with a muzzleloader, one with a crossbow and one with a compound bow. Although there were lots of boars and the hunters were not novices (harvesting a bull moose with the bow the previous fall) the boars seemed to be able to evade us with little difficulty. We worked hard for every one of those boars and developed a whole new appreciation and respect for them.
Since then we have hosted hundreds of wild boar hunts and every time I see the excitement in the eyes of the hunters I know what they are feeling, and I think back to that first hunt over 20 years ago.
I've been a big game guide for a number of years and decided with a growing family of four boys, it was time to try to stay home with my wife and raise our family. As a family we have always enjoyed and appreciated the outdoors, hunting, fishing and camping etc. that coupled with a guiding/outfitting background and professional cook training as well as my wife's business/accounting skills we decided to try and make a go of a small family owned outfitting operation right here at home.
Since we raised our own boars and the market could not be relied on in the early years we choose to make our own market. Hunters come to us and we allow them to hunt our boars on our property, enjoying the large rolling hills, valleys and beauty of the landscape.


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Petersburg Press
Newman Grove
St. Edward
Boone Central plans registration, Chromebooks deployment Aug. 2-3
Registration and Chromebook deployment for the Boone Central 2016-17 school year will be held together this year on Tuesday, Aug. 2 and Wednesday, Aug. 3 in the high school multi-purpose gym for sixth through 12th grade students.
Times for registration and Chromebook deployment are:
• Tuesday, Aug. 2, 1 to 8 p.m.
• Wednesday, Aug. 3, 9 a.m. to 12 noon, and 1 to 4 p.m.
This year, students in grades 6-12 will receive Chromebooks. In order to receive a Chromebook, all of the student's outstanding IPAD obligations from 2015-16 must be taken care of. The student will also be required to pay a $10 deposit if taking the Chromebook home. A parent will need to be present to sign the required forms.
Activity tickets may be purchased during registration. High school students who participate in athletics, cheerleading, dance, vocal music, instrumental music, or drama are required to purchase an activity ticket. Middle school students who are out for sports will also be required to purchase an activity ticket.
After registration, middle school students can purchase activity tickets at the middle school office in Petersburg. Tickets for St. Michael's and Newman Grove students will remain at the high school office. Activity tickets for sixth graders are available, but not required.
All 7-12 students planning to participate in any sport, dance or cheerleading are reminded that they must have a physical completed and proof of insurance before they can participate in that activity. Physical forms must be turned into the office before the first day of practice. Cheerleaders and dance squad members will need to turn in physical forms before the Fall Sports Rally. The school will only accept the peach colored Boone Central physical form. The student and both parents must sign the physical form.
New 9-12 grade students to the district should call 402-395-2134 on or after Aug. 2 for an appointment to meet with the guidance counselor to set up a schedule for the new school year. New 6-8 grade students are asked to call the Petersburg campus at 402-386-5302.
The first day of school will be Thursday, Aug. 18. Middle school students will be dismissed at 11:30 a.m. and elementary and high school at 11:50 a.m. that day.
All 7-12 students are reminded that the Boone Central Booster Club will be taking pictures for button photos on Aug. 18. Students should bring their money for button pictures on the first day of school.
Boone Central Choral Clinic celebrates history at concert
Health Center seeking bids for new structure
Sen. Briese will seek re-election
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Albion News and Petersburg Press are weekly newspapers located in Boone County, Nebraska. Complete electronic editions of both newspapers are available by subscription.
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text:
AP Pre-Registration frustrates freshmen and sophomore students
Pictured is one of the papers that students received at the Pre-Registration session - the AP student packet. Photo courtesy of Warrior Record Online.
Connie Ryu, Staff Writer
Filed under New on tjTODAY, News
Every year, students taking Advanced Placement (AP) exams nationwide must complete pre-registration procedures in order to fill out necessary paperwork before the testing date. The Jefferson junior pre-registration session was on April 22 and April 29 during lunch for freshmen and sophomores.
In contrast to previous years, Jefferson's pre-registration process was altered this year. This new process frustrated Jefferson students as they believed it was inefficient and unorganized.
"They shoved us into a classroom and gave us random packets of paper," sophomore Yeaeun Chung said. "And then they told us not to do a lot of stuff, because they said they were going to guide us step-by-step, but they didn't."
Walking towards the Lecture Hall, where the session was held, already a long line crowding the hallway had formed. From there, as students entered the room, they flocked around a table with everyone's paperwork. The room was filled to the brim with students and overflowed into the surrounding classrooms.
With not enough chairs for everyone, students stood in clusters around tables for a hard surface to write on. With minimal verbal directions given, students were confused and overwhelmed with the paperwork and chaos around them.
"There were so many people and nobody knew what to do," sophomore Grace Cha said. "It was really hectic."
Once students began to figure out what they had to do, they also had to complete all of the paperwork. All of the sessions went overtime and with the freshmen and sophomores split into two sessions, lunch and JLC, by their last name, more problems arose.
"We [the first session] ended late and then session two people were coming in, so it was more chaotic as people were trying to get in and out at the same time," Chung said.
Consequently, because the second session started late at the time-consuming process, they went overtime as well into fifth period, causing students to enter classrooms late. After each session, student complaints about the disorganized and inefficient process, along with the demand for the previous procedure, filled the hallways.
"Some AP tests didn't even have bins, like AP French," Cha said. "Doing it in the AP classrooms again could be a possible solution."


text:
STEM Education Reform in Urban High Schools Opportunities, Constraints, Culture, and Outcomes
STEM Education Reform in Urban High Schools gives a nuanced view of the obstacles marginalized students face in STEM education—and explores how schools can better support STEM learners.
Reporting the results of a nine-year ethnographic study, the book chronicles the outcomes of various STEM education reforms in eight public high schools with nonselective admissions policies and high proportions of low-income and minoritized students: four schools in Denver, Colorado, and four in Buffalo, New York.
Margaret A. Eisenhart and Lois Weis follow the educational experiences of high-ability students from each school, tracking the students' high school-to-college-to-career trajectories. Through interviews with students, educators, and parents, as well as classroom and campus observations, the authors identify patterns in the educational paths of students who go on to great success in STEM occupations and those who do not. They discuss common mechanisms that undermine the stated goals of STEM programming—opportunity structures that are inequitable, erosion of program quality, and diversion of resources—as well as social and cultural constructs (the figured worlds of STEM) that exclude many minoritized students with potential for success from the STEM pipeline.
On a broader scope, the book explores how and why STEM education reform efforts fail and succeed. With an eye toward greater access to STEM learning, the authors show how lessons of past measures can inform future STEM initiatives.
Eisenhart and Weis compellingly demonstrate that good intentions are not enough to create sustainable and meaningful STEM reform. Their findings offer powerful insights into the support teachers need to teach new courses, the counseling high-achieving students need to prepare for STEM college enrollment and careers, and the structures and resources students need to develop in-depth knowledge of STEM subjects. — Laura W. Perna, Graduate School of Education Centennial Presidential Professor of Education and Vice Provost for Faculty, University of Pennsylvania
This careful and powerfully analytic double case study of educational provision and its results in student-learning careers sheds light on an enduring problem that makes deep educational change so difficult—that labels on the packages of new provisions often do not match what's inside each box. — Frederick Erickson, G. F. Kneller Professor of Anthropology and Education Emeritus, University of California, Los Angeles
Margaret A. Eisenhart is University Distinguished Professor Emerita of Educational Foundations and Research Methodology at the University of Colorado Boulder. Lois Weis is State University of New York Distinguished Professor of Sociology of Education at the University at Buffalo.
More About STEM Education Reform in Urban High Schools
Other books in School Reform, General
The Open System
Landon Mascareñaz and Doannie Tran
The Great School Rethink
A Dream Defaulted
Jason N. Houle and Fenaba R. Addo, Foreword by Ayanna Pressley


text:
Kevin Alfred Strom
Address to the Court
Kevin Strom, 1956
FROM AMERICA FIRST BOOKS: A friend of the eminent American classicist and writer Dr. Revilo P. Oliver and a close colleague of physicist and philosopher Dr. William Pierce, Kevin Strom has been long considered one of the most significant thinkers among Western racial-nationalists. His political activism dates from his early student days in 1968.
LEGAL PERSECUTION: Further information on the attempted destruction of Mr. Strom's life and reputation is in the Author's Bio section below and also in Kevin Alfred Strom's Address to the Court.
An executive summary of the facts of this case is available in our Fast Facts You Need to Know section of this site.
Information on the sole "witness" against him and her record of immoral and psychotic behavior can be found in the article Perjurer Arrested Yet Again and its links.
AUTHOR'S BIO: Born in 1956 in Anchorage, Alaska, the son of third-generation Norwegian-American parents, Kevin Alfred Strom moved to northern Virginia as a child. He attended George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia but did not take a degree, describing his education as "mainly the product of my own reading and interaction with several of the finest friends, teachers, and mentors a man could ever want this side of ancient Athens."
His interest in politics and ideas began when he was only 12 years old. He worked with William L. Pierce, Richard Cotten, and Revilo Oliver beginning in the early 1980s, producing hundreds of radio, audio and video programs, thousands of essays, and numerous articles, books, periodicals and anthologies.
Kevin Strom in 1991 in the first American Dissident Voices radio studio
A radio amateur since 1972 and a broadcast engineer since 1976, his first foray into electronic publishing was as the operator of a C64-based dial up Bulletin Board System in the Washington, DC area in the mid-1980s. In 1991, he began producing radio programs heard on more than two dozen AM, FM, and shortwave broadcast stations. In 1994, he began Internet distribution of those programs as well as written material, and in 1995 he began what eventually became the Revilo Pendleton Oliver Web site.
Dedicated to exposing alien influence, corruption and criminality in government and the media, Kevin Strom has made powerful enemies and, despite his gentle and law-abiding nature, has found himself falsely charged with crime and wrongdoing on several occasions.
In the 1990s he was falsely charged with assaulting a corrupt federal intelligence officer at a demonstration against violent Communist/ANC terrorist Nelson Mandela. He was acquitted because, unknown at the time to the intelligence officer, another police unit had videotaped the entire affair — and the tape showed that the officer (6'2″, 250 lbs., heavily armed) attacked Strom (5'9″, 155 lbs., unarmed) in a completely unprovoked manner, not the other way around.
A few years later, utterly preposterous allegations of "terrorism" were used to severely, and heartbreakingly, restrict his parenting time with his three young children.
In 2004, he was directly threatened with malicious prosecution by Joint Terrorism Task Force (JTTF) agent Joe Thompson.
In 2007, he was again falsely charged, this time with sexual crimes involving children, after a direct threat from his disturbed and angry second wife that she would "ruin" him with false allegations of pedophilia so he would "never work again" in his chosen field, accusations which she threatened would also cause him to lose custody of his daughter and two sons. She demanded money and forced him under duress from these threats to put his signature on a quitclaim deed and other documents to further her aims. When he stopped acceding to her demands, she followed through on her threats and began working with the JTTF, in the meantime selling or destroying almost all of Mr. Strom's property, including the papers and library of Revilo P. Oliver, in which crime she was assisted by the Joint Terrorism Task Force.
Kevin Strom found himself — utterly, totally, and outrageously falsely — accused by the JTTF (not the agency usually involved in such matters) of crimes which could have put him in prison for more than 50 years: multiple counts of possession of child pornography, "receiving" child pornography, sexual enticement of a child, and witness tampering. Because of concerns about negative publicity from a very hostile press polluting the jury pool, and because of absurdly draconian laws operative in such cases restricting bond, and because of the hostility engendered by the press's false depictions of him as a "hater" and "supremacist," he was locked in solitary confinement, 24 hours a day, in a filthy room smaller than some closets, for a year and a half. While in solitary, he was not even allowed to receive visits from his children.
He made history in Federal Court in October 2007, defeating the claims of "witness tampering" and "enticement," which the judge found so baseless that, for the first time in that district, the charges were thrown out without the defense having to utter a single word of its case — though the corporate media reported it as if Kevin had been convicted, not acquitted, and twisted the judge's words as he summarized the prosecution's case to make it sound as if said summary was the opinion of the court. Kevin Strom was also completely cleared of any improper behavior toward children by the local social services agency which investigated the allegations, and by investigative interviews with the individual young people involved who truthfully said he had never done anything inappropriate. He was also declared completely free of pedophilia by a licensed psychological counselor. Nevertheless, the government was determined to continue the prosecution, no matter how weak their case.
While he was incarcerated and effectively silenced, his estranged wife published altered documents and edited recordings in an attempt to further harm Kevin's reputation. She even distributed fliers in his parents' and children's neighborhoods attacking him and claiming that he'd been convicted of the charges of which he'd actually been acquitted.
In 2008, though innocent of any interest or trafficking in child pornography, he faced a difficult choice: the Federal prosecutor and the JTTF said in effect that he could plead guilty to one count and be guaranteed to be home with his children in a few months; or take a chance against emotionally-charged perjured testimony in a trial involving six counts for one alleged crime (conviction on any count of which could result in ten years in Federal prison) and possibly not see his children for a decade or more — or perhaps never again. Deciding that he could not gamble on never seeing his children or being a father again, and knowing that the JTTF would suborn perjury from their star witness and others as they had before, and knowing that juries like to convict in such cases, he pled guilty to one count — and only to inadvertent possession of fewer than ten files placed and/or modified on his computer by his estranged wife, or deleted unseen from a Usenet forum. He was released in September 2008 and immediately resumed life with his children in Charlottesville, Virginia.
"I'm rebuilding my life with my family now," he said just days later. "Soon I'm going to try and get some redress in the local courts for all my possessions and my children's possessions — and the precious and irreplaceable historical papers from Pierce, Oliver and many others — that were stolen or destroyed.
"And I will earnestly work to restore my stolen and sullied reputation," he stated. "Soon I'll publish my Address to the Court with supporting documentation, which will go a long way in that direction.
Kevin Strom with his two youngest children, 1997
"I am the farthest thing — the precise opposite, in fact — of the way I have been portrayed by the media and the government. I believe that those who would 'mainstream' pedophilia and the sexual use of children are monsters. As I've said in dozens of my published works, time and time again, sex is sacred and has as its purpose the bringing of new souls into the universe, of ensuring the immortality of the race and the upward evolution of consciousness. Therefore those who pursue or are interested in same-sex or child-sex relationships are perverts — they quite literally pervert the healthy sex drive, turning it into unnatural channels — who can cause tremendous harm. I do not in any way approve of such acts, and I certainly have never engaged or wanted to engage in them.
"A lot of people have been harmed in this affair besides me," he added. "For example, lives were blighted when my estranged wife made the utterly fictitious claim I'd pasted pictures of two teenage singers' heads on porn pictures. Completely ridiculous claim, not a drop of truth in it, but it really hurt those kids and that family. My [then-]wife gave the JTTF the layered psd file of a picture montage I made for an H. Millard story I published, which showed the girls' faces peeking out through some tulips, and they showed up in court with it and claimed it was 'evidence.' No nude bodies, no porn, no anything except two smiling faces and flowers, which was totally appropriate to the story which can still be read — and the resultant picture seen — at web.archive.org.
"I've always treated those girls and their fine family with the utmost respect and propriety, and I always tried to do my best by them in their unselfish efforts to make this a better world. My estranged wife had some kind of twisted and totally unjustified jealousy about them, as she did about many other females of my acquaintance young and old, and tried again and again to stop me from promoting or even mentioning them on the news site I directed. It was the day after I attended an event where the duo performed in October 2005 that she physically attacked me, sending me to the hospital for eight stitches after I denied her insane allegations of inappropriate conduct.
"I hope the girls and their family learn the truth, and I hope it is healing for them."
Kevin Strom, home once again, in September 2008
When asked about future plans, he said "I'm a writer. I'm a publisher. I intend to continue that work. I have a responsibility to tell others what I have learned. Initially, I'll re-establish my own presence on the 'Net, get the latest persecution behind me as best I can, and create new publications and new media so that the ideals of self-determination and human evolutionary progress can gain an ever-wider audience.
"My children are now 15, 13, and 11. I'm going to be the best father I can be. The greatest thing I ever did with my life, by far, was become a father. Maybe sometime soon I'll meet someone special and find love. Maybe I'll become a Dad again. That's one of my beautiful dreams. My dreams sustain me. The nightmare is over."
Further information can be found in Kevin Alfred Strom's Address to the Court. An executive summary of the facts of his case is available in our Fast Facts You Need to Know section of this site.
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Adept, flexible and student-focused, Learn2 seating transforms learning environments. It goes wherever it's needed and can be arranged in any configuration you can imagine. Mobile, adaptable Learn2 facilitates individual work or small to large group teaming. It's exactly what students need and want for collaborative and interactive learning spaces. With its fully adjustable, dual-handed worksurface, Learn2 adapts to each student's personal space and provides customized comfort. Sleek, simple and sturdy, Learn2 offers a timeless visual aesthetic and unmatched durability. The Strive version, designed by Giancarlo Piretti, is available with or without armrests, and can be customised with optional accessories and castors.
Seat designed by Giancarlo Piretti. 15 year warranty (inc. writing tablets).


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Investing & Analysis
Money Wire
Home | Companies
Tags: Facebook | earnings | profit | social media
Facebook Fourth-Quarter Revenue Rises More Than Expected
Wednesday, 29 January 2014 04:56 PM
Facebook's quarterly earnings and revenue grew and surpassed expectations as the company expanded the number of users and the amount of money it makes on mobile ads.
Facebook Inc. earned $523 million, or 20 cents per share, in the October-December quarter. That's up $64 million, or 3 cents per share, a year earlier. Adjusted earnings were $780 million, or 31 cents per share, in the latest quarter, ahead of analysts' estimates by 4 cents.
Revenue grew 63 percent to $2.59 billion, from $1.59 billion. Analysts, on average, had expected revenue of $2.35 billion, according to FactSet.
Facebook's stock increased more than 7 percent after the results came out.
For the first time, mobile advertising revenue accounted for more than half of Facebook's total ad revenue, a sign that the company born in a desktop computer era is succeeding in its goal of being "mobile first."
Facebook Inc., which turns 10 years old next week, had 1.23 billion monthly users worldwide at the end of 2013. Of these, 757 million signed in at least once a day, up 22 percent from a year earlier.
Monthly mobile users stood at 945 million, up 39 percent. Daily mobile users grew 49 percent to 556 million.
"It was a great end to the year for Facebook," CEO Mark Zuckerberg said in a statement. "We're looking forward to our next decade and to helping connect the rest of the world."
Facebook's stock jumped $3.95 to $57.48 in extended trading. The stock had closed down $1.61, or 2.9 percent, at $53.53 earlier.
The stock has gained 51 percent in the past six month, far more than the 6.4 percent increase for the Standard & Poor's 500 index, which the Menlo Park, Calif., company recently joined, in the same time period.
Editor's Note: Retire 10 Years Earlier With These 4 Stocks
© Copyright 2021 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
Facebook says its earnings and revenue continued to grow in the latest quarter, surpassing Wall Street's expectations on both fronts as it expanded the number of users and the amount of money it makes on mobile ads.
Facebook,earnings,profit,social media
Trump Plans Farewell Event on Inauguration Day
Friday, 15 Jan 2021 |
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MONEYNEWS.COM


text:
Chinese probe completes sample collection work on lunar surface
December 2, 2020 Stephen Clark
This image from a panorama taken by the Chang'e 5 sample return lander shows one of the spacecraft's landing legs on the lunar surface. Credit: CNSA
Chinese officials said the Chang'e 5 mission finished drilling and scooping samples from a lunar lava plain late Wednesday, hours before the spacecraft's robotic ascender was due to take off from the moon to begin the trip back to Earth.
The milestone signaled the start of the mission's return voyage, which includes an ambitious series of automated maneuvers to blast off from the lunar surface Thursday and rendezvous with an orbiter circling the moon. Chang'e 5 will attempt the first-ever docking between two robotic spacecraft in lunar orbit, then transfer the moon rock container into the return craft.
If all goes according to plan, Chang'e 5's sample container should re-enter Earth's atmosphere and parachute to a landing in China's Inner Mongolia region around Dec. 16.
Chang'e 5 completed its sample collection work on the moon around 9 a.m. EST (1400 GMT) Wednesday, according to the China National Space Administration.
The lander touched down at 10:11 a.m. EST (1511 GMT) Tuesday in the moon's Oceanus Procellarum, or Ocean of Storms, region in the northern hemisphere of the near side of the moon, east of a volcanic plateau named Mons Rümker.
CNSA said the lander deployed solar panels and a communications antenna after landing, then activated a panoramic camera, an instrument to analyze lunar soil structure, and a mineral spectrum analyzer to survey the alien landscape surrounding the spacecraft.
Full story: https://t.co/ssrWeXFwbU pic.twitter.com/6iqwyQVNdo
— Spaceflight Now (@SpaceflightNow) December 3, 2020
Data from the science instruments will provide a reference for scientists as they study the samples brought back by Chang'e 5, CNSA said in a statement.
The Chang'e 5 spacecraft completed the first phase of sample collection operations at 3:53 p.m. EST (2053 GMT) Tuesday, when officials said the lander finished drilling underground rock specimens and sealed the material inside a return carrier.
The next step in the mission's two-day lunar stay involved using a scoop at the end of a robotic arm to gather material from the lunar surface. CNSA said the 19-hour sampling activity ended late Wednesday, Beijing time.
The spacecraft packaged and sealed the lunar material in a storage device carried by the Chang'e 5 ascender, which is scheduled to take off from the moon Thursday, using the mission's descent stage as a launch pad.
This panorama from Chang'e 5 shows a cluster of hills on the lunar horizon. Credit: CNSA
CNSA also released a high-resolution panoramic image captured by a camera on-board Chang'e 5. The image shows one of the lander's legs embedded in loose soil on the moon, a handful of rocks sitting on the surface, and a distant cluster of hills on the lunar horizon.
The Chang'e 5 mission's goal was to collect more than 4 pounds, or 2 kilograms, of rocks for return to Earth. Chinese officials have not released an estimate of how much material the spacecraft gathered on the moon.
If successful, Chang'e 5 will become the first mission to retrieve material from the moon and bring it back to Earth since the Soviet Union's Luna 24 mission in 1976.
Chang'e 5 launched Nov. 23 and entered orbit around the moon Nov. 28 before the lander detached from the mission's orbiter and return module to begin descent maneuvers.
The successful landing of Chang'e 5 on Tuesday marked the third time China has soft-landed a spacecraft on the moon, following the Chang'e 3 mission in 2013 and Chang'e 4 in 2019. Chang'e 4 became the first spacecraft to achieve a soft landing on the far side of the moon, a feat enabled by the placement of a purpose-built Chinese data relay satellite in deep space.
Chang'e 3 and Chang'e 4 carried rovers to serve as mobile scouts exploring the lunar landscape. Chang'e 5's mission on the lunar surface has no mobile rover, and the craft is designed to complete its work in two days while in sunlight, rather than surviving the two-week super-cold lunar night.
Clive Neal, a lunar scientist at the University of Notre Dame, said China had proven it can land on the moon with previous missions.
"But then they have to collect the sample," Neal said in an interview shortly after Chang'e 5's launch. "The interesting thing is they launch from the moon, get into lunar orbit, and then rendezvous with the Earth re-entry vehicle that will bring that sample back to Earth safely and uncompromised. When the Soviets did it in 1976, the last time, it was direct to Earth. They launched from the moon and came straight back to Earth. This one has an extra step in there, which has to go well in order for the sample to actually make it back.
"But given the capability they've demonstrated with doing things for the first time, such as the far side landing and roving, I expect things to be successful, and hope they are," Neal said in an interview with Spaceflight Now.
Illustration of the Chang'e 5 lander on the moon. Credit: CNSA
"We have never done a whole process of taking and sealing samples," said Peng Jing, deputy chief designer of the Chang'e 5 mission at the China Academy of Space Technology, in an interview aired on China's state-run CCTV television channel. "This part of the work mainly depends on several complicated structures including the drill … the robotic arms used to scoop up rocks and regolith on the lunar surface, and actually a high vacuum sealing device designed to ensure that the sample can remain in its intact status."
Scientists want to make sure the lunar specimens are sealed for the return to Earth to avoid contamination.
Another challenge will be Chang'e 5's launch from the lunar surface, the first takeoff from the moon since the 1970s. The ascent module must launch on a precise trajectory to rendezvous with the return module in lunar orbit, and ground teams did not know the lander's exact orientation on the moon's surface until after touchdown.
"We need to precisely anticipate the location and speed of the two spacecraft flying (in) lunar orbit," Peng told CCTV. "Because the probes don't match in size — our ascender weighs just around 300 to 400 kilograms (660 to 880 pounds) during docking, while the (orbiter) weighs nearly 2,000 kilograms (4,400 pounds). Any error could knock off the smaller spacecraft, and that would make the docking job much more difficult than before."
After transferring the samples to the Earth return spacecraft, Chang'e 5 will fire engines to break out of lunar orbit and head for home.
The return carrier will re-enter the atmosphere at some 25,000 mph, or 40,000 kilometers per hour, significantly faster than a re-enter from low Earth orbit.
Nine missions have returned moon samples to Earth, including NASA's six Apollo missions with astronauts, and three robotic Luna spacecraft launched by the Soviet Union. NASA's Apollo missions brought back 842 pounds (382 kilograms) of rocks from the moon.
There is evidence that rocks in Chang'e 5's landing zone are much younger than those returned by the Apollo astronauts. Those specimens are some 3.5 billion years old, created during a period of active volcanism in the first billion years of the moon's existence.
Lava plains to the east of Mons Rümker appear to be less battered by asteroid impacts, suggesting rocks there could be less than 2 billion years old. But models of the moon's evolution suggest its internal heating should have diminished by that time, rendering volcanoes extinct, Neal said.
"It will be exciting to look at the age of these samples coming back and also the actual compositions of them," Neal said.
"We haven't returned samples form the moon in 44 years, since Luna 24, a long time ago," said James Head, a planetary scientist at Brown University, in an interview broadcast on China's CGTN television network. "The best way to learn about the moon is by returning samples. That's true for any planetary body because we can do analyses in the lab that are far superior than what we can do remotely or in situ."
"Chinese scientists have said that samples from different ages are needed to form a complete picture of the moon," Peng said. "Through analysis, they think the samples we will collect from the northwest region of Oceanus Procellarum are relatively young. By combining those samples with the previous ones, we will have a better understanding of the moon's formation and evolution."
Chang'e 5
Mons Rumker
Chinese navigation network expanded with pair of new Beidou satellites
2014's launch tally highest in two decades
Russia's space agency unlikely to join NASA-led lunar program


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Last Updated: Wednesday, July 6, 2022, 8:44 am
» Hunting FAQ | Hunt drawings | Bonus & preference points | Group applications | Licenses & permits
» Hunting FAQ
Bonus & preference points
Group applications
Applying for a hunting permit as a group
What hunters should know about group applications
Group applications allow you and your friends and family to apply together. A group application makes it possible for every member of the group to obtain a permit. If the application is not successful, however, then no one in the group will obtain a permit. For more information about group applications, read Utah Admin. Rule R657-62-7 and R657-62-19.
To apply as a group, one member of the group must submit an initial application. They will receive a group code for each species once they submit the application. The group code will be found on the confirmation page and in their confirmation email.
If you have a group code and want to join a group application, log into the application and select "Join Group" on the species selection page.
To determine how many points a group has in the drawing, group members have their points averaged and then rounded down. For example: Suppose two hunters are applying as a group and one member has seven bonus points and the other member has two. Their points will be averaged, 4.5, and then rounded down to four.
There are some rare circumstances where a group may be altered automatically if one member draws a limited-entry or once-in-a-lifetime permit during a different phase of the drawing.
If you obtain a permit with a group, please be aware that there are special restrictions about surrendering your permit if you aren't going to use it. Please read Administrative Rule R657-42.
Group applications for cougar, bear and sportsman permits are not accepted.
Group applications for once-in-a-lifetime permits are accepted only for bonus point applications.
Groups with nonresidents
Residents and nonresidents can apply together in a group. However, some hunts may not have enough nonresident permits for your group size which could make your group unsuccessful in the drawing. Consider the following examples:
Your group is made up of one resident and two nonresidents. If there is only one nonresident permit available, your group can't draw the permit unless there are leftover resident permits. That circumstance is extremely rare.
Your group is made up of one resident and one nonresident. There are lots of resident permits and one nonresident permit. Because of the drawing process, the 1 nonresident permit will be issued randomly after the bonus point round. This means that there is almost no chance of this group drawing the permit. Look for a hunt that has at least two nonresident permits.
Youth-only groups
Up to 20% of the general-season buck deer, antlerless deer, antlerless elk and doe pronghorn permits through the draws are specifically reserved for youth aged 17 or younger as of July 31. Up to 15% of swan, sandhill crane, sharp-tailed grouse and greater sage-grouse permits are also reserved for youth 17 or younger as of July 31. Up to four youth can apply in youth-only groups and be considered for the reserved permits. Important: When you apply in a youth-only group, all hunters must meet the age requirement or the application will not be processed with the other youth applications.