"My name is Ssali Joseph currently student at Kyambogo University pursuing a diploma in sign language with support from Barclays Bank donation boxes through Reach Out Mbuya.
I therefore thank Reach Out Mbuya, Barclays Bank staff and its customers who have stood with me through the support offered to see my dream come true. Your love has caused a noble change in my life and has put a smile on my face and for this I will always be grateful as I never forget all the past challenges I have had to go through.
"Hope is one of so many people living with HIV/AIDS, who over the years has been helped by the holistic support of Reach Out. I first met her in June 2006, a few weeks before I left Reach Out.
At Reach Out she got the support she needed, medicines, food, shelter, clothes.
"I live in Band zone 8 with my beautiful family.
Once upon a time, I had a complete and happy family with both parents and my three brothers. Iam the second born in my family. When I was five years old my mother gave birth to my brother who was attacked by a terrible sickness.
I thank very much Reachout organization for the support they have and are still offering to our family and other families. May God continue to grant you my blessings to Reach Out.
"I thank God for my life. I thank the Reach Out family for all they have done in my life. I left my home village up in Acholiland to visit my aunt who lived within the Mbuya Parish after my dear husband had passed on in 1994. I had been sickly and suspicious that I could be HIV positive since my husband had also died a mysterious death.


The children's event which took place last Saturday here in the Museum was a tremendous success. The event was run in conjunction with the West Waterford Festival of food.
The children were shown a power point presentation outlining the history of Flahavans and the making of porridge. The children learned all about harvesting and milling the oats which is then processed, packaged and sold to the retailer as Flahavan's Porridge. The children showed great interest and asked many questions.
The children enjoy the classic film of Goldilocks and the Three Bears and were given samples of porridge to try with a variety of toppings. Each child received a goody bag, compliments of Flahavans.
Flahavans have been milling oats in Kilmacthomas, Co Waterford for over 200 years and have produced a large variety of products for children and adults to enjoy such as, Flapjacks, Quick Oats, Multi Seeds, Strawberry, Golden Syrup and Original, Flahavans Real Fruit porridge with Sunrise Fruit also Apple and Raisin, also available are Hi 8 Muesli and Original Granola, to mention just a few. A bowl of porridge for breakfast will provide the body with all the energy it needs until lunch and is one of the most natural and healthiest foods available.
A very big thank you to Karen Fennell of Flavahan's and to all the Museum staff and their little helpers for their contribution and most especially to all the children who attended.


Carvico tech: Breathable, elastic and quick drying.
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Home » Decision Support in Medicine » Infectious Diseases
Myositis and Myonecrosis
Mark Pasternack
OVERVIEW: What every practitioner needs to know about myositis
Are you sure your patient has myositis? What should you expect to find?
Infectious myositis is uncommon, and may be due to a wide variety of pathogens, ranging from viruses to invasive microorganisms, such as bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi, and even parasites. In some cases, particularly viral infections, myositis accompanies systemic viral infection and is managed supportively. In the case of invasive bacterial and fungal infections, myositis can be a progressive and life-threatening illness requiring early diagnosis and aggressive management. Most cases of bacterial myositis are due to Staphylococcus aureus and recognized as pyomyositis. However, additional distinct rapidly necrotizing myositis syndromes, such as streptococcal myositis and clostridial myonecrosis, may be recognized by their dramatic clinical presentations, which promote early diagnosis and therapy. Since localized or generalized pain is a prominent and often nonspecific feature of infectious myositis, early diagnosis can be challenging.
Pyomyositis
Pyomyositis evolves through three clinical stages.
Symptoms of pyomyositis
Invasive stage: subacute development of pain, fever, and minimal tenderness at site of infection
Suppurative stage: follows 10 to 21 days later, with increased local pain, fever, and tenderness
Sepsis stage: spread of infection systemically, with systemic symptoms and signs of sepsis
Signs of pyomyositis
Invasive stage: variable fever, localized swelling and induration (± erythema), and minimal tenderness
Suppurative stage: progressive fever, localized muscle tenderness, swelling, with or without fluctuance, and successful aspiration of purulent fluid if attemptedSepsis stage: marked local findings of erythema, fluctuance, exquisite tenderness, and signs of sepsis (i.e., hypotension, shock, etc.)
How did the patient develop pyomyositis?
In most cases, initially asymptomatic transient bacteremia presumably leads to localized muscle infection. Primary dermatitis or superficial skin infection may increase the risk of transient bacteremia, and prior blunt trauma or vigorous exercise predisposes some individuals to develop myositis at the site of damaged muscle tissue.
Pyomyositis occurs most commonly in tropical climates, where it accounted for 1 to 4% of hospital admissions several decades ago. In temperate climates, pyomyositis remains very uncommon; about 15 cases are recorded annually in the United States, although it is likely significantly underreported, and has an incidence of 0.5 cases per 100,000 population annually in Australia. It can develop in individuals of all ages, including children and the elderly.
Which individuals are of greater risk of developing pyomyositis?
Roughly 40% of individuals have no underlying systemic risk factors, but a wide variety of underlying illnesses and/or high risk behaviors (particularly intravenous drug abuse) appear to increase the risk of developing pyomyositis. These include common disorders, such as diabetes mellitus and alcoholic liver disease, and classic disorders of immunosuppression, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Immunosuppressive medications, including corticosteroid therapy are also important risk factors. A variety of less common conditions (hematologic malignancies [i.e., leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma]; other hematologic disorders [i.e., myelodysplasia, sickle cell disease, Felty syndrome, cyclic neutropenia]; rheumatologic disorders, especially rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus; and postpartum and postoperative states) confer an increased risk of pyomyositis.
In almost all cases, these underlying processes are clinically prominent by history and routine clinical evaluation at the time myositis develops.
Beware: there are other diseases that can mimic pyomyositis:
The subacute nature of pyomyositis and paucity of initial findings makes prompt diagnosis challenging.
In the absence of fever, muscle strain, contusion, and even muscle infarction or rupture may be suspected.
An enlarging soft tissue mass may be mistaken for a solid tumor, such as a sarcoma.
When fever accompanies focal pain, possible osteomyelitis or septic arthritis is often considered.
Rupture of an intramuscular abscess with overlying skin erythema mimics cellulitis.
Pelvic muscle involvement, including iliopsoas infection, may mimic appendicitis or diverticulitis, and pyriformis involvement may be mistaken for an epidural abscess.
Occasionally, nonclostridial myositis (e.g., anerobic streptococcal myonecrosis) can resemble pyomyositis, although it usually has a more accelerated tempo of illness.
Group A streptococcal necrotizing myositis
In addition to the slowly progressive pyomyositis syndrome more typically associated with S. aureus, group A streptococcal infection may also cause an extreme rapidly progressive illness evolving more than 24 to 48 hours frequently accompanied by features of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome.
In contrast to staphylococcal pyomyositis, which often develops in truncal or pelvic musculature, group A streptococcal necrotizing myositis most commonly arises in an extremity.
Severe and rapidly progressive pain, with marked local swelling accompanied by fever and progressive systemic toxicity, often with features of toxic shock syndrome, are clues to its early diagnosis. As with pyomyositis, a compartment syndrome further threatening muscle viability may develop. Prior streptococcal pharyngitis is uncommon.
Roughly one-half of all cases of invasive group A streptococcal disease occur in previously healthy individuals. Invasive disease results from the integrated expression of proteases and other virulence factors, coupled with a lack of prior immunity and protective antibody expression in infected individuals (i.e., both pathogen and host factors contribute to the development of this life-threatening infection).
The dramatic and fulminant presentation of group A streptococcal necrotizing myositis has few clinical mimics. Clostridial myonecrosis, bacterial myositis (due to group A streptococci, S. aureus, or less commonly other bacterial pathogens) with evolution of a compartment syndrome or staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome and group A streptococcal necrotizing fasciitis may all resemble group A streptococcal necrotizing myositis. Skin necrosis and tense bullae are more common with streptococcal necrotizing fasciitis, although both fasciitis and necrotizing myositis develop in concert in some patients.
Clostridial myonecrosis ("gas gangrene")
Clostridial myonecrosis develops following local contamination of injured muscle by clostridia (typically Clostridium perfringens) following penetrating trauma or surgery or as the result of hematogenous seeding in the absence of trauma, primarily by C. septicum. This is usually associated with occult compromise of the colonic mucosal integrity by a previously unrecognized adenocarcinoma or as a complication of neutropenic colitis.
Clostridia perfringens is part of the normal colonic flora and may naturally contaminate skin surfaces, especially of the perineum and lower extremities. Thus, any local trauma can predispose injured muscle to secondary clostridial invasion.
Although dramatic injuries, such as penetrating war wounds or severe civilian injuries, especially with open fractures, may precede the development of clostridial myonecrosis, less prominent prior processes, including intra-abdominal surgery, septic abortion, and parenteral injections (even subcutaneous injections), have been reported, and even chronic arterial insufficiency without additional trauma has been reported as a risk factor for clostridial myonecrosis.
Devitalized tissue and contaminated foreign bodies are major risk factors for the development of gas gangrene; prompt debridement of wounds and delaying wound closure have played major roles in reducing the incidence of these infections.
Spontaneous nontraumatic disease due primarily to hematogenous seeding by C. septicum does not require significant prior local tissue injury. Occult adenocarcinoma is the major risk factor for the development of this condition, but other bowel lesions, including diverticulitis, bowel infarction, and necrotizing enterocolitis, may trigger this process. Compromise of the colonic mucosa in the setting of neutropenia, seen in leukemic patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy, and diabetes are additional risk factors.
Clostridial myonecrosis should be suspected by its rapid clinical evolution, with progression of severe pain over 6 to 48 hours disproportionate to clinical findings, particularly when risk factors of recent trauma or surgery are present. Local tenderness and swelling are the initial findings, with the expression of a thin malodorous serosanguinous fluid from open wounds. Crepitus in the affected tissue can often be appreciated, and bullae containing similar thin serosanguinous fluid arising from tensely edematous discolored tissue may precede the development of cutaneous necrosis. Acute illness with clinical toxicity, pallor, diaphoresis, followed rapidly by hypotension and tachycardia culminating in shock and renal failure, are present. Interestingly, low grade fever (or even hypothermia) is the rule. The course of illness is rapidly progressive, with visible skin changes advancing and evolving hour by hour in the emergency ward or intensive care unit (ICU).
Beware: there are other diseases that can mimic clostridial myonecrosis:
Several distinct soft tissue and muscle infections associated with gas formation may mimic clostridial myonecrosis (clostridial and nonclostridial anerobic [crepitant] cellulitis, nonclostridial crepitant myositis or cellulitis).
These processes all require surgical exploration and debridement in addition to appropriate antibiotic therapy. Gas production in clostridial anerobic cellulitis typically exceeds that seen with myonecrosis, and the tempo of illness with anerobic cellulitis is typically somewhat slower and associated with less toxicity than in cases of clostridial myonecrosis.
Since clostridial myonecrosis is the most acutely tissue- and life-threatening gas-producing infection, all patients presenting with crepitant soft tissue infections should be approached aggressively with emergent exploration and intensive support. Broad spectrum antibiotic therapy is appropriate until initial Gram stain and culture data define the etiologic agent or agents and enable more targeted antibiotic therapy.
Other forms of crepitant myositis
Anerobic streptococcal myonecrosis
This mixed infection of gram-positive pathogens mimics clostridial myonecrosis in many ways, although its tempo is somewhat slower. A few days following penetrating trauma, patients present with swelling, erythema, seropurulent wound drainage, and progressive pain at the site of injury. There is gas present in the muscles and fascial planes. Gram stain of the drainage fluid and operative specimens shows an inflammatory reaction with polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and evidence of a mixed infection, including streptococci. Wound culture usually recovers both anerobic streptococci (e.g., peptostreptococci) and group A streptococci or S. aureus.
Synergistic nonclostridial anerobic myonecrosis
A mixture of anerobic and facultative organisms can cause rapidly invasive soft tissue infection in diabetic individuals and in neutropenic patients. The infection typically begins following minor superficial injury but progressively spreads to deeper structures, including subcutaneous tissue, fascia, and muscle. This is a rapidly progressing infection requiring emergency exploration and debridement and initial empiric broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy.
Aeromonas hydrophila myonecrosis
Individuals who sustain penetrating injuries in freshwater settings (e.g., after boating or swimming accidents) or associated with fish or other water-based wildlife may develop a fulminant myonecrosis syndrome, often with gas production and pain, swelling, bullae formation, and marked systemic toxicity that resembles clostridial myonecrosis. The history of freshwater exposure is key for early diagnosis. As with clostridial myonecrosis, emergent surgical debridement and antibiotic therapy is crucial. Aeromonas hydrophila is present in wound drainage and surgical excised tissue and is frequently present in blood cultures obtained on presentation.
Infected vascular grafts
Devitalized tissue due to arterial insufficiency/graft thrombosis is the focus of this infection. It occurs in patients with failed vascular grafts, especially in diabetic patients. Unlike the rapidly progressive crepitant myositis syndromes, these infections remain largely localized to the area of vascular insufficiency. The responsible pathogens typically include a mixture of facultative gram-negative rods, such as Proteus species, anerobic streptococci, and anerobic gram-negative rods, such as Bacteroides species.
What laboratory studies should you order and what should you expect to find?
Results consistent with the diagnosis
Routine clinical laboratory screening studies, including peripheral white blood cell (WBC) with differential, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and blood cultures, should be obtained in all patients. Assessment of liver and kidney function tests are important to screen for underlying metabolic disorders, as well as to guide appropriate antibiotic therapy. If pustules, infected traumatic lesions, bullae, or other concerning skin lesions are present, these should be unroofed and sent for routine culture in otherwise normal individuals, and for broader culture, including fungal cultures in compromised hosts and HIV-infected individuals. If a fluctuant soft tissue collection is appreciated or documented by preliminary imaging, this can be aspirated for Gram stain and culture, which should include primary anaerobic culture.
Patients with truncal or pelvic pain should have urinalysis and urine culture performed as well. Leukocytosis is generally present in almost all forms of bacterial myositis. Evolving leukopenia may be present with delayed or fulminant presentations, particularly in the presence of toxic and/or septic shock.
A low hematocrit is commonly present in clostridial myonecrosis due to toxin-mediated hemolysis.
Muscle enzymes (e.g., CPK) are variably elevated and, in fact, often normal in bacterial pyomyositis, but are commonly quite markedly elevated in patients with streptococcal necrotizing myositis.
Results that confirm the diagnosis
Gram staining of fluid or excised necrotic tissue provides presumptive identification of causative pathogens, and culture of abscess fluid confirms the diagnosis of pyomyositis and the various forms of necrotizing muscle infection and guides specific antibiotic therapy. Patients often undergo definitive drainage of established muscle abscesses after receiving initial (preprocedural) empiric antibiotic therapy, thus, cultures may be unrevealing. In these cases, pretreatment cultures of blood and/or infected skin sites may help to identify the causative pathogen.
What imaging studies will be helpful in making or excluding the diagnosis?
Imaging plays an essential role in the assessment of patients with focal soft tissue pain and fever to establish the presumptive diagnosis of myositis and guide urgent surgical exploration.
Plain films may reveal focal soft tissue swelling, the presence of soft tissue gas at the painful site, and possible relevant associated skeletal abnormalities, such as osteomyelitis or a primary bone tumor. $
Ultrasonography is readily available and can demonstrate focal muscle enlargement in early stage disease, and complex hypoechoic areas in the suppurative stage of disease, reflecting abscess formation. It is also valuable for the prompt assessment of patients with possible gas-forming infections in the emergency ward. $
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most informative single imaging modality, because it identifies focal muscle edema and localized abscess formation with great precision, particularly with gadolinium administration. In patients with rapidly progressive disease, surgical exploration should not be delayed to obtain an MRI study. Gadolinium administration is contraindicated in the setting of renal insufficiency, a complication frequently present in patients with rapidly progressive necrotizing muscle infection. $$$$
Computed tomography (CT) scanning is generally readily available and rapidly performed. It can demonstrate muscle edema, focal low density (necrotic) muscle abnormalities suggestive of evolving infection, as well as well-established fluid collections often accompanied by ring enhancement. CT scans readily detect the presence of gas in the tissues in patients with clostridial myonecrosis, and contrast-enhanced studies demonstrate the extent of muscle infarction. As with MRI, surgical exploration should not be delayed while awaiting urgent CT imaging, and contrast administration is contraindicated in the setting of renal insufficiency. $$$
($ = 60–125, $$ 125–500, $$$ 500–1,000, $$$$ >1000)
What consult service or services would be helpful for making the diagnosis and assisting with treatment?
If you decide the patient has pyomyositis or necrotizing muscle infection, what therapies should you initiate immediately?
General Surgery or Orthopedic Surgery and Infectious Diseases should be consulted.
In addition to the initiation of appropriate antibiotic therapy, urgent drainage of established abscesses and surgical debridement of necrotizing disease in patients with bacterial myositis is critical. In the case of pyomyositis, the selection of open surgical drainage, typically by orthopedic or general surgeons, or percutaneous drainage via ultrasound or CT guidance by interventional radiologists depends on the abscess location, size, complexity, and institutional expertise. Patients with streptococcal necrotizing myonecrosis, clostridial myonecrosis, or other necrotizing crepitant infections should have emergency open exploration to achieve aggressive debridement of necrotic muscle until viable tissue is found.
Empiric antibiotic therapy for pyomyositis must target the preponderant pathogen S. aureus and should include vancomycin. Additional broad-spectrum coverage against gram-negative pathogens and anerobes should include a beta-lactam/beta lactamase inhibitor combination, such as piperacillin-tazobactam, or a carbapenem agent, such as imipenem, as part of the initial empiric coverage, especially in immunocompromised hosts. Formal Infectious Disease consultation should be obtained when possible to optimize empiric antibiotic selection, refining therapy as the microbiological data becomes available.
In patients with suspected streptococcal or clostridial myonecrosis, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, such as clindamycin should be added to initial broad spectrum therapy to reduce the production of bacterial exotoxins. Since penicillin is the agent of choice in these fulminant infections, the combination of penicillin, clindamycin, together with empiric coverage for possible mixed infection with a fluoroquinolone, such as ciprofloxacin, or an advanced cephalosporin (e.g., cefepime) is appropriate.
Appropriate ICU supportive care is necessary in patients with streptococcal or clostridial infection, as well as patients with toxic shock syndrome due to S. aureus pyomyositis, since they require hemodynamic and ventilatory support and blood product replacement therapy.
1. Anti-infective agents
If I am not sure what pathogen is causing the infection what anti-infective should I order?
Empiric therapy for pyomyositis should target gram-positive pathogens, including S. aureus (both methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant isolates), as well as potential gram-negative pathogens, particularly in compromised hosts. Vancomycin together with a broad-spectrum beta lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor (e.g., piperacillin-tazobactam) or a carbapenem, such as imipenem, is appropriate initial empiric coverage pending Gram stain and culture of abscess material. In the rare setting in which presumed staphyloccal pyomyositis is complicated by features of toxic shock syndrome, clindamycin should be added, as well as an inhibitor of toxin production.
Streptococcal necrotizing myonecrosis and clostridial myonecrosis, and the related necrotizing soft tissue syndromes outlined above, are presumptively confirmed at the time of surgical debridement or Gram stain and culture of bulla fluid. The initial broad spectrum antibiotic regimens listed above may be initiated at presentation, with inclusion of clindamycin, until preliminary etiologic confirmation has been achieved. Myonecrosis due to group A streptococci or clostridia should be treated with high dose penicillin and clindamycin parenterally once confirmed.
For treatment of specific pathogens, see Table I.
Table I.
S. aureus (MRSA or unknown susceptibility) Vancomycin 2–4g/day (divided every 6 to 12 hours) with trough target >15mcg/mL linezolid (600mg every 12 hours)
S. aureus (MSSA) Nafcillin 12 g/d (divided Q4-6 H) Oxacillin (see nafcillin)Cefazolin 4–6g/day (divided every 8 hours)Vancomycin 2–4g/day (divided every 6 to 12 hours) with trough target >15mcg/mL
Group A streptococci (S. pyogenes) Penicillin 24 million units/day(divided every 4 hours) Ceftriaxone (2g every 12 hours)
Clostridia species(perfringens, septicum) Penicillin 24 million units/day(divided every 4 hours) Clindamycin (600mg every 6 to 8 hours)Imipenem (1g every 6 hours) [limited experience]Metronidazole (500mg every 6 hours) [limited experience]
Peptostreptococci and other anerobic streptococci Penicillin 24 million units/day(divided every 4 hours) Vancomycin (2–4g/day (divided every 6 to 12 hours) with trough target >15mcg/mL
Aeromonas hydrophila Ciprofloxacin 500–750mg every 12 hours Gentamicin (80mg every 8 hours, adjusted by peak >4, trough <2) imipenem 1g every 6 to 8 hours
MRSA, methicillin-resistant S. aureus; MSSA, methicillin-sensitive S. aureus.
2 Other key therapeutic modalities.
Intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG) administration is often administered as adjunctive therapy to patients with streptococcal necrotizing myonecrosis and toxic shock in an attempt to neutralize streptococcal exotoxins and possibly as an immunomodulatory agent based on limited clinical data.
Hyperbaric oxygen remains a controversial adjunctive modality in the management of patients with clostridial myonecrosis. Aggressive surgical debridement should never be delayed by hyperbaric oxygen therapy, particularly in view of its limited availability and uncertain efficacy. It may be considered in patients with truncal myonecrosis where debriding surgery is particularly mutilating or anatomically impractical.
What complications could arise as a consequence of myositis or myonecrosis?
What should you tell the family about the patient's prognosis?
The inexorable progression of untreated pyomyositis makes prompt diagnosis and early definitive drainage the foundations of management. Patients and their families must understand these considerations and cooperate with intensive diagnostic studies and invasive therapeutic procedures. In most cases, the prognosis following satisfactory drainage is excellent, with little long-term morbidity.
Ongoing fever or progressive local pain suggests inadequate therapeutic drainage (particularly after percutaneous drainage procedures) or the presence of additional undrained suppurative foci.
Pyomyositis may be complicated by the development of a compartment syndrome, particularly when infection develops in the anterior tibial compartment, and fasciotomies may be necessary in addition to surgical drainage and debridement, leading to compromised functional status of the affected limb.
The prognosis following definitive therapy for pyomyositis is more guarded if:
the diagnosis is delayed and recognized at the (late) sepsis stage, or
the episode of pyomyositis is due to a toxin-producing strain of S. aureus or group A streptococci with resultant toxic shock syndrome
In these circumstances, patients are at increased risk for the development of multiorgan system failure and death.
The treatment of clostridial myonecrosis requires aggressive surgical debridement back to viable tissue. This often requires debilitating and mutilating surgery culminating in amputation of an extremity or excision of wide areas of truncal soft tissue. The postoperative course is typically stormy, with a frequent need for repeat surgical exploration to insure the adequacy of debridement and with multisystem failure requiring intensive care, mechanical ventilation, pressor support for shock, and renal replacement therapy. Although the prognosis of C. septicum myonecrosis remains guarded, most patients with other forms of crepitant myonecrosis will survive following aggressive combined surgical and medical therapy.
Muscle involvement in viral diseases
Muscle pain (myalgia) commonly accompanies many febrile illnesses. Certain viral illnesses, such as dengue and influenza, are frequently associated with diffuse muscle pain and tenderness. There is no associated weakness, and muscle-specific enzyme measures (creatine phosphokinase, aldolase) are variably and minimally elevated.
Rhabdomyolysis, associated with marked pain and severe objective weakness and accompanied by extreme elevations of muscle enzymes, is a rare complication of influenza A infection. The rapid course of illness, accompanied by fever and typical respiratory manifestations of influenza, make the diagnosis rather straightforward.
Acute trichinosis may have a comparably acute course but is accompanied by marked eosinophilia. The myositis associated with toxoplasmosis is nearly always restricted to individuals with profound immunosuppression. Autoimmune myositis is generally more insidious in onset with a gradually progressive course.
Muscle involvement in parasitic diseases
Trichinosis
Trichinella spiralis is the parasite best known for producing symptomatic muscle disease. Following ingestion of infective larvae through the consumption of undercooked carnivore or omnivore meat (most commonly pork, but may follow game ingestion as well, especially bear meat), an initial gastroenteritis syndrome with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea develops as larvae excyst, mature, reproduce, and progeny larvae invade the intestinal mucosa. The larvae are hematogenously disseminated and invade skeletal muscle but can also invade extraocular muscles, myocardium, and, rarely, the lungs and/or central nervous system.
A few weeks following ingestion a systemic illness with fever, prominent generalized myalgia and muscle swelling, and edema (periorbital and possibly acral as well) develops. Laboratory evaluation is notable for the presence of striking eosinophilia and elevated muscle enzyme levels. Diagnosis can be made by serologic testing at least 3 weeks following larval ingestion; muscle biopsy of tender muscle can be performed in selected cases.
Cysticercosis
Following the ingestion of Taenia solium (pork tapeworm) eggs, larvae invade the bowel wall to disseminate widely and encyst in host structures. Neurocysticercosis is most commonly diagnosed following the onset of seizures or as an incidental finding following cranial imaging for another indication. Similarly, cysticercosis may be an incidental finding following radiologic studies that include skeletal muscle, where longstanding encysted larvae may be recognized by scattered focal calcifications. Muscle symptoms are uncommon, unless there is significant egg ingestion with widespread inflammation associated with larval encystation. Fever and eosinophilia in this setting may mimic trichinosis.
Toxoplamosis is acquired following the ingestion of oocysts (typically from cat excreta) or ingestion of tissue cysts from undercooked meat. Infection can be transmitted vertically during pregnancy, resulting in congenital toxoplasmosis, or rarely through human tissues (organ transplantation, blood transfusion). Oocyst ingestion results in intestinal mucosal invasion and systemic dissemination of the parasite's trophozoite form.
Most individuals with toxoplasmosis are asymptomatic, although a mononucleosis-like syndrome following acute infection, as well as reactivation of toxoplasma retinitis, can occur in immunologically normal individuals.
Myositis and myocarditis (typically reactivation disease) can develop with some frequency in immunocompromised individuals, including patients with advanced HIV infection, as well as patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy following organ transplantation or anti-tumor necrosis factor biologicals for inflammatory disorders. Patients develop myalgias, tenderness, swelling, and weakness, mimicking autoimmune polymyositis. Serologic diagnosis is generally effective, although, in severely immunocompromised patients, muscle biopsy may be required.
Psoas abscess: a site of myositis arising from local spread or hematogenous seeding
Bacterial infection of the psoas muscle may occur following hematogenous seeding, similar to the process involving other sites of pyomyositis, and is most commonly associated with S. aureus infection ("primary psoas pyomyositis").
More commonly, psoas muscle infections initially arise in adjacent structures and spread to the psoas muscle ("secondary psoas pyomyositis").
Adjacent foci of infection may include the vertebrae (vertebral osteomyelitis), primary intra-abdominal infection (appendicitis, diverticulitis, Crohn disease), or perinephric abscess.
Since a variety of pathogens may be implicated in adjacent primary infections, there is a broad spectrum of potential pathogens involved in psoas abscesses:
S. aureus
Enterobacteriaceae (from gastrointestinal [GI] or genitourinary [GU] sources)
facultative and anerobic streptococci (from GI sources)
anerobic gram-negative rods (from GI sources)
M. tuberculosis (from vertebral osteomyelitis [Pott disease])
Management involves initial broad spectrum therapy, adequate drainage by interventional radiological or open surgical approaches, and subsequent targeted antibiotic therapy, as with primary pyomyositis. It is important in cases of psoas abscess to assess the need for additional surgical or drainage procedures from an adjacent feeding focus of infection (e.g., perinephric or intra-abdominal abscess).
What pathogens are responsible for pyomyositis?
The following pathogens are responsible for pyomyositis:
gram-positive cocci
S. aureus (both methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant) is the most common etiology
group A streptococcus
other streptococci (e.g., Group B, C, or G)
S. pneumoniae (rarely)
gram-negative Rods (rarely)
anerobic bacteria (rarely)
Fusobacterium necrophorum
Clostridia species
mycobacteria (rarely)
M. tuberculosis
M. avium-intracellulaire
fungi (rarely)
Cryptococcus neoformans
What pathogens are responsible for gas gangrene?
The following pathogens are responsible for gas gangrene:
Clostridium perfringens (predominant)
C. septicum and other histotoxic clostridia (occasionally)
What pathogens are responsible for nonclostridial crepitant myositis?
The following pathogens are responsible for nonclostridial crepitant myositis:
anerobic streptococcal gangrene: Peptostreptococcus (+group A streptococci and/or S. aureus)
synergistic nonclostridial anerobic myonecrosis: mixed infections due to:
Bacteroides (and other anerobic non-spore forming gram-negative bacilli)
Peptostreptococcus and other streptococci
enteric gram-negative bacilli: E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter
infected vascular graft (mixed infections, similar to synergistic nonclostridial anerobic myonecrosis)
may also be associated with Bacillus cereus or Proteus species
Aeromonas hydrophila myonecrosis: Aeromonas hydrophila
What pathogens are responsible for psoas abscess?
The following pathogens are responsible for psoas abscess:
hematogenous source: S. aureus predominant (primary or complicating vertebral osteomyelitis)
perinephric source: urinary pathogens (gram-negative bacilli)
intestinal/intra-abdominal source: enteric gram-negative rods, streptococci, anerobes (mixed infection)
tuberculous (M. tuberculosis), often complicating tuberculous vertebral osteomyelitis
How can myositis and myonecrosis be prevented?
There are no prophylactic regimens or vaccines available to prevent the development of myositis or myonecrosis.
WHAT'S THE EVIDENCE for specific management and treatment recommendations?
Bickels, J, Ben-Sira, L, Kessler, A, Wientroub, S. "Primary pyomyositis". J Bone Joint Surg Am. vol. 84. 2002. pp. 2277-86.
Caplan, ES, Kluge, RM. "Gas gangrene: review of 34 cases". Arch Intern Med. vol. 136. 1976. pp. 788-91.
Capo, V, Despommier, DD. "Clinical aspects of infection with spp". Clin Microbiol Rev. vol. 9. 1996. pp. 47-54.
Chambers, CH, Bond, GF, Morris, JH. "Syngeristic necrotizing myositis complicating vascular injury". J Trauma. vol. 14. 1974. pp. 980-4.
Crum, NF. "Bacterial pyomyositis in the Unites States". Am J Med. vol. 117. 2004. pp. 420-8.
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Consumer prices index (CPI) inflation fell to 3.4% in May from 3.7% in April year-on-year, the Office for National Statistics reported.
The all-items retail prices index (RPI) fell from 5.3% to 5.1% over the same period.
The report found clothing and footwear was one of the main contributors towards the growth in RPI, which saw prices in the category up 6.7%over the year, with the largest increase stemming from women's outerwear. The clothing and footwear CPI rate remained flat in May.


The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, the Department of Surgery and the Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute award the prize annually to a national or international leader in the field of organ transplantation and immunology.
Professor Wood has led the Transplantation Research Immunology Group (TRIG) – formerly called the Wood lab at NDS since 1982 and has made huge contributions to the fields of immunology and transplantation. Her research focuses on immune responses that lead to transplant rejection and immune regulation as a strategy to achieve immunological tolerance. In 2005, Kathryn showed that regulatory T cells (Treg) generated by controlled exposure to donor antigens prevented allograft rejection. She has played a key leadership role in the EU funded consortium project - The ONE Study - that has enabled the initial testing of Treg therapy in clinical organ transplantation. Her research has also contributed to the development of a cross-platform biomarker signature to detect renal transplant tolerance in patients with the aim of achieving minimal immunosuppression.
Professor Wood visited the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine in October to formally receive the prize, which consisted of a crystal award and an honorarium of $10,000 (£7,531), and to present the Starzl Prize lecture, entitled 'Immune Regulation in Transplantation – From Mechanisms to Cell Therapy'.
Read more about the Thomas E. Starzl Prize in Surgery and Immunology and Professor Kathryn Wood.


text:
Festival of Tibetan Films and Films about Tibet FLIM Prague
Mirror of Emptiness
Ma Li
Manadarin and Tibetan
english, chinese and czech subtitles
In Shiqu, the highest northwest county seat in Sichuan Province – stands Se Xu Monastery. Rarely open to the public, its richness in the Tibetan Buddhism traditions unveils in this documentary. Filmed over a year, five lamas and a sky burial master speak of their belief and ways of spiritual living, among others who have been conducting retreat for years on this plateau of extreme climates. Ten thousand people gathering at the annual prayer festival and the mystical Tibetan sky-burial practices are among the most unforgettable scenes.
華語紀錄片節2011-《無鏡》Mirror of Emptiness (預告片 Trailer)
Read more about Mirror of Emptiness
A Stranger in my Native Land
Ritu Sarin and Tenzing Sonam
czech subtitles
Read more about A Stranger in my Native Land
The Trials of Telo Tinpoche
Telo Rinpoche, a.k.a. Eddie Ombadykow, is a 21-year-old American whose favourite band is The Smashing Pumpkins. He is also a Buddhist monk who was brought up in a Tibetan monastery in India and recognized by His Holiness the Dalai Lama as a high reincarnate lama. Now, he finds himself in his ancestral homeland, Kalmykia, a remote Buddhist republic in southern Russia, where he is revered by the people as their spiritual leader and charged with the responsibility of reviving Buddhism.
Read more about The Trials of Telo Tinpoche
The Sun Behind the Clouds
UK/India
Tibet in March 2008. The biggest uprising since China took control in 1959 sweeps through the country. Meanwhile, Tibetans in exile march on their homeland, determined to support their countrymen. This is a year of dramatic possibilities for Tibet. For more than 20 years, the Dalai Lama, Tibet's spiritual and political leader, has pursued his Middle Way Approach: giving up the goal of Tibet's independence in return for genuine autonomy. But China has consistently rejected his proposal. Now, more and more Tibetans are questioning his strategy.
The Sun Behind the Clouds: Tibet's Struggle for Freedom Trailer
Read more about The Sun Behind the Clouds
The Shadow Circus: The CIA in Tibet
The Tibetan people are well known for being devoutly religious and peace loving. What is less known is that thousands of Tibetans took up arms against the invading forces of Communist China and waged a bitter and bloody guerrilla war. From the mid-1950s until 1969 they were aided in their efforts by an unlikely ally, the CIA. This project, code-named ST CIRCUS, was one of the CIA's longest running covert operations.
Read more about The Shadow Circus: The CIA in Tibet
Early German Travel Logues (1920's) - Three Silent Films
The films of the Tibetan film archive evening courtesy of Tibet Film Archive, New York.
Rare and unusual footage of dance, prayer, and chanting filmed by German documentarians filmed in the North East of Tibet in the 1920's. Includes Cham dances at the Kumbum monastery as well as pilgrims earning money for their journey to a Tibetan Lama monastery.
Read more about Early German Travel Logues (1920's) - Three Silent Films
India, a film by Ramesh Gupta, 15 minutes
English with Czech subitles
Film about the early exile years of Tibetan Exiles in India.
Read more about Home Away from Home
Tashi Writes a Letter
1964 India , 25 minutes
English with Czech subtitles
Read more about Tashi Writes a Letter
Raid into Tibet
1964 UK, a film by Adrian Cowell, adviser George Patterson, 30 minutes
Read more about Raid into Tibet
Religious Investiture of His Holiness the Dalai Lama
1948/1970 USA, 20 minutes, Courtesy of Tibet Film Archive
Read more about Religious Investiture of His Holiness the Dalai Lama
Potala, o.p.s.
Horovo náměstí 3/1075, 180 00 Praha 8
E-mail: potala@potala.cz
Účet pro dlouhodobé projekty: 2400 844 703 / 2010


Sometimes the whole family would cram into a rental car for the three-hour drive from San Diego to Santa Barbara, sweeping past Californian broccoli fields that smelled like cattle flatulence, my brothers squabbling with me in the back of our station wagon. When we arrived, my dad would vanish for the day. Only as an adult did I learn the reason for these disappearances: He was performing courtesy supervision for group homes, foster homes, and treatment centers.
As a child, I didn't understand exactly what it was my father did. We moved often, and his role seemed different in every city. When we lived in Rhode Island, he would return to our second-floor apartment with anonymized stories of "at-risk kids." One of the kids lived nearby, a Cape Verdean who could pass for thirty but was the same age as my older brother. Even though they had only met a handful of times, Dad encouraged my brother to be "a good role model" for him. I remember looking for that boy among the purple-gowned graduates on my brother's final day of school and being told that he went to a different, less illustrious junior high.
When we lived in Desert Hot Springs, my father spoke more of infant nutrition, WIC (the Women, Infants and Children program, which subsidizes the cost of healthy foods for new moms and their children), and developmental delays. We experienced some of these same things at home: My older siblings and I would sometimes take the bus to the grocery store and use our own WIC vouchers to buy cheese, juice, and cereal to round out our family meals. While my dad worked, we would walk to and from the bus stop with bulky backpacks, ruining our posture for the sake of the family.
My dad knew social services from both sides, its rules and limitations, the stigma of needing public assistance. He told me once that he could find a job no matter where he moved, because there were poor people to serve everywhere. Because of our nine-person family and the low pay of the field, we were included in that category. But still, we cobbler's children were shoed—and fed.
Three things were constant no matter where my dad worked: He had a long commute and returned late and exhausted; he was generally assigned any Spanish-speaking clients, as the only bilingual person on staff; and he was perennially weary of dealing with some of his white female coworkers. As a child, I thought he was being biased when he spoke about them. Now that I also work in the nonprofit world, I see things somewhat differently.
After college, I spent a couple of months staying with my parents in Palm Springs, trying to find a job that utilized my writing skills yet was as marketable as my dad's. It was he who suggested AmeriCorps service and, eventually, grant writing. AmeriCorps is a domestic version of the Peace Corps, offering young adults skills training through public service. The program generally pays poverty-level wages, and during the two terms I served I was forbidden from taking additional paid work. A stated goal was for AmeriCorps members to experience the same life as those they sought to help. Still, I was making more than I had as an unemployed millennial in the middle of the recession. Orientation materials included information on how to apply for food stamps—this was a rare setting in which it wasn't looked down upon.
Some of my cohort used AmeriCorps to explore their options before leaning on prior connections to secure dream jobs elsewhere. For me, the program was my entry point into the nonprofit world in a new city where I knew nobody. It was AmeriCorps that first introduced me to the concept of intersectionality, a theoretical framework that examines how different identities and types of oppression overlap and influence one another.
While a man may be in the minority in a woman-dominated field such as social work, he is still likely to be paid more—though higher pay in a "feminine" field is still comparatively low. The men working in "pink-collar" fields are more likely to be men of color. But a black man like my father is still doubly a minority.
As a black woman in the nonprofit world, I understand the emotional cost of being a person of color at work. I know the additional level of emotional labor expected of women who work in social services, where you are often paid with less with money than meaning. I have been talked over, doubted, dismissed, and confused for other black female coworkers. I have simplified my name to make my resume more appealing, but have no way of telling how implicit bias has affected my interviews. I have been a "problem," calling attention to the institutional biases and policies that drove my organization to lose three black women and nonbinary people in the year since I'd started. My dad is one of the mentor figures with whom I can discuss these many small battles and disillusionments.
When I told my dad about this essay, he noted that social work was about half male when he joined the profession. It was a different world back then: Psychoanalysis was just beginning to lose precedence; deinstitutionalization was closing the asylums; psychotropic drugs were fresh on the market; and the Vietnam War was hungry for the lives of able-bodied young men. My dad was still in his hometown of Chicago, preparing to graduate from a majority-white high school where deliberately mediocre grades prevented him from attracting too much attention. He decided he would rather go to college than to war—if you had a job, a family, and/or school to attend, the draft would pass you over. (My dad worked to secure all three, so I like to joke that my siblings and I were born of pacifism.) When it came time to pick a college major, my dad chose psychology in hopes that it would show him, as he explained to me, "why niggas were so crazy." He realized that he understood more about human nature than he'd thought, particularly about the understudied communities he grew up around in Chicago's notorious projects. He told me that over the course of his career, he has seen the survival mechanisms once confined to the projects infiltrate mainstream society.
One time, I went along with him to the unincorporated community of Thermal. We drove across dusty, inhospitable desert and came to a stop in a makeshift city that resembled a trailer park. Dogs and chickens roamed free, red-tinged puddles lay stagnant on the clay-like soil. There were occasional palm trees but no sidewalks, chain-link fences but no lawns. I know now that Thermal's population is primarily migrant workers, roughly 95 percent Hispanic or Latino. Of course, the bilingual black man on staff was the one picked for the job. I remember looking at the exteriors of the many RVs and trailers and wondering how similar they were to the brown and yellow interior of our own Brougham. I remember avoiding eye contact with the children who played in the streets, staring warily at this stranger's car, while I sat inside playing my Gameboy.
Walking through Thermal, my father looked far more at ease than I felt. I imagine he's never talked to his clients from the position of a savior. I wonder if, just as students of color prefer teachers of color, his clients in Thermal felt more at ease around him. I wonder how many black and brown boys might need someone like him to admire; how many white women have punished or contributed to the dissolution of black and brown families for being poor and imperfect, believing themselves right. I wonder if my dad has ever dropped all pretensions for a client—switched to his normal voice, with its usual slang, to candidly complain about the systems we all operate in. And then, like me, has he switched and become stiff and proper around his coworkers, wearing a face that allows him to spend less energy proving himself to them?
They take my kindness for weakness.
They take my silence for speechless.
Growing up, I remember my father used to say that all the time. In my colorblind youth, I'd thought he was just being cynical.
I'm deviant if I separate.
I'm fake if I assimilate.
I read the poem when I call my dad to vent, pacing around my economy apartment. His response is roughly same old, same old, because he believes nothing's really changed. But in order to do right by him, I need to build on what he's accomplished. I need to see progress. I catch him up on how terms have changed, from the civil rights movement to the social justice movement. I try to convince him that we have made strides that are more than cosmetic. I argue in favor of the very organizations that have let me down. We talk for hours, learning from each other.
Maya Beck is a Cali transplant, lapsed Muslim, recovering otaku, part-time hermit, broke blipster, and socially-anxious social justice bard. She is also a 2015-16 Givens Fellow 2017 VONA fellow, 2017 We Need Diverse Book mentee, 2017-18 Loft Mentor Series fellow, 2018 Tin House Winter Workshop alum, 2018 Kimbilio fellow, and Paper Darts Story Editor whose writing has been published or is forthcoming in LitHub, Mizna, PANK, Pollen Midwest, NAT BRUT, Catapult, Water~Stone Review, and more. She works for an arts nonprofit in Minneapolis.
Dance is about freeing ourselves, finding a secret space inside our bodies that no lock can close.


Absolute Process Instruments APD 2000 D. 10-32 VDC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: DC to DC and Channel 2: DC to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured 2 Input signals DC 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA and independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2000. 85-265 VAC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: DC to DC and Channel 2: DC to DC with optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured 2 Input signals DC 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA and independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2001 D. 10-32 VDC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: DC to DC and Channel 2: Temperature(RTD) to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal DC 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. Input ch. 2 signal is Temperature and independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2001. 85-265 VAC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: DC to DC and Channel 2: Temperature(RTD) to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal DC 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. Input ch. 2 signal is Temperature and independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2003 D. 10-32 VDC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: DC to DC and Channel 2: Petentiometer to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal DC 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. Input ch. 2 signal is Potentiometer full range of 0-100 ohms to 0-1 MegaOhms and independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2003. 85-265 VAC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: DC to DC and Channel 2: Petentiometer to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal DC 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. Input ch. 2 signal is Potentiometer full range of 0-100 ohms to 0-1 MegaOhms and independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2005 D. 10-32 VDC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: DC to DC and Channel 2: Strain Gauge to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal DC 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. Input ch. 2 signal is Strain Gauge 0-1mV to 0-2000mV, input impedance 1 megaOhm max at 30 mA. Independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2005. 85-265 VAC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: DC to DC and Channel 2: Strain Gauge to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal DC 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. Input ch. 2 signal is Strain Gauge 0-1mV to 0-2000mV, input impedance 1 megaOhm max at 30 mA. Independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2006 D. 10-32 VDC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: DC to DC and Channel 2: AC to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal DC 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. Input ch. 2 signal is AC voltage of 0-50mVAC to 0-300 VAC or current of 0-1 mAAC to 0-1000 mAAC and independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2006 85-265 VAC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: DC to DC and Channel 2: AC to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal DC 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. Input ch. 2 signal is AC voltage of 0-50mVAC to 0-300 VAC or current of 0-1 mAAC to 0-1000 mAAC and independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2007 D. 10-32 VDC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: DC to DC and Channel 2: Frequency to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal DC 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. Input ch. 2 signal is Frequency 0-25 Hz to 0-20 kHz and independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2007 85-265 VAC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: DC to DC and Channel 2: Frequency to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal DC 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. Input ch. 2 signal is Frequency 0-25 Hz to 0-20 kHz and independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2010 D. 10-32 VDC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: Temperature(RTD) to DC and Channel 2: DC to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal is Temperature. Input ch. 2 signal is 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA and independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2010. 85-265 VAC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: Temperature(RTD) to DC and Channel 2: DC to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal is Temperature. Input ch. 2 signal is DC 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA and independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2011 D. 10-32 VDC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: Temperature(RTD) to DC and Channel 2: Temperature(RTD) to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal is Temperature. Input ch. 2 signal Temperature and independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2011. 85-265 VAC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: Temperature(RTD) to DC and Channel 2: Temperature(RTD) to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal is Temperature. Input ch. 2 signal Temperature and independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2013 D. 10-32 VDC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: Temperature(RTD) to DC and Channel 2: Potentiometer to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal is Temperature. Input ch. 2 signal Potentiometer full range of 0-100 ohms to 0-1 MegaOhms and independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2013. 85-265 VAC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: Temperature(RTD) to DC and Channel 2: Potentiometer to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal is Temperature. Input ch. 2 signal Potentiometer full range of 0-100 ohms to 0-1 MegaOhms and independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2015 D. 10-32 VDC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: Temperature(RTD) to DC and Channel 2: Bridge/Strain Gauge/Load Cell to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal is Temperature. Input ch. 2 signal Strain Gauge 0-1mV to 0-2000mV, input impedance 1 megaOhm max at 30 mA. Independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2015. 85-265 VAC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: Temperature(RTD) to DC and Channel 2: Bridge/Strain Gauge/Load Cell to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal is Temperature. Input ch. 2 signal Strain Gauge 0-1mV to 0-2000mV, input impedance 1 megaOhm max at 30 mA. Independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2016 D. 10-32 VDC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: Temperature(RTD) to DC and Channel 2: AC to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal Temperature. Input ch. 2 signal is AC voltage of 0-50mVAC to 0-300 VAC or current of 0-1 mAAC to 0-1000 mAAC and independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2016. 85-265 VAC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: Temperature(RTD) to DC and Channel 2: AC to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal Temperature. Input ch. 2 signal is AC voltage of 0-50mVAC to 0-300 VAC or current of 0-1 mAAC to 0-1000 mAAC and independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2017 D. 10-32 VDC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: Temperature(RTD) to DC and Channel 2: Frequency to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal Temperature. Input ch. 2 signal is Frequency 0-25 Hz to 0-20 kHz and independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2017. 85-265 VAC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: Temperature(RTD) to DC and Channel 2: Frequency to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal Temperature. Input ch. 2 signal is Frequency 0-25 Hz to 0-20 kHz and independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2030 D. 10-32 VDC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: Petentiometer to DC and Channel 2: DC to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal Potentiometer full range of 0-100 ohms to 0-1 MegaOhms. Input ch. 2 signal is DC 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA and independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2030. 85-265 VAC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: Petentiometer to DC and Channel 2: DC to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal Potentiometer full range of 0-100 ohms to 0-1 MegaOhms. Input ch. 2 signal is DC 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA and independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2031 D. 10-32 VDC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: Potentiometer to DC and Channel 2: Temperature(RTD) to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal is Potentiometer full range of 0-100 ohms to 0-1 MegaOhms. Input ch. 2 signal Temperature and independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2031. 85-265 VAC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: Potentiometer to DC and Channel 2: Temperature(RTD) to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal is Potentiometer full range of 0-100 ohms to 0-1 MegaOhms. Input ch. 2 signal Temperature and independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2033 D. 10-32 VDC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: Potentiometer to DC and Channel 2: Potentiometer to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal is Potentiometer full range of 0-100 ohms to 0-1 MegaOhms. Input ch. 2 signal Potentiometer full range of 0-100 ohms to 0-1 MegaOhms and independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2033. 85-265 VAC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: Potentiometer to DC and Channel 2: Potentiometer to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal is Potentiometer full range of 0-100 ohms to 0-1 MegaOhms. Input ch. 2 signal Potentiometer full range of 0-100 ohms to 0-1 MegaOhms and independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2035 D. 10-32 VDC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: Potentiometer to DC and Channel 2: Strain Gauge to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal Potentiometer full range of 0-100 ohms to 0-1 MegaOhms. Input ch. 2 signal is Strain Gauge 0-1mV to 0-2000mV, input impedance 1 megaOhm max at 30 mA. Independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2035. 85-265 VAC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: Potentiometer to DC and Channel 2: Strain Gauge to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal Potentiometer full range of 0-100 ohms to 0-1 MegaOhms. Input ch. 2 signal is Strain Gauge 0-1mV to 0-2000mV, input impedance 1 megaOhm max at 30 mA. Independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2036 D. 10-32 VDC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: Potentiometer to DC and Channel 2: AC to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal Potentiometer full range of 0-100 ohms to 0-1 MegaOhms. Input ch. 2 signal is AC voltage of 0-50mVAC to 0-300 VAC or current of 0-1 mAAC to 0-1000 mAAC and independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2036. 85-265 VAC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: Potentiometer to DC and Channel 2: AC to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal Potentiometer full range of 0-100 ohms to 0-1 MegaOhms. Input ch. 2 signal is AC voltage of 0-50mVAC to 0-300 VAC or current of 0-1 mAAC to 0-1000 mAAC and independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2037 D. 10-32 VDC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: Potentiometer to DC and Channel 2: Frequency to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal Potentiometer full range of 0-100 ohms to 0-1 MegaOhms. Input ch. 2 signal is Frequency 0-25 Hz to 0-20 kHz and independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2037. 85-265 VAC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: Potentiometer to DC and Channel 2: Frequency to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal Potentiometer full range of 0-100 ohms to 0-1 MegaOhms. Input ch. 2 signal is Frequency 0-25 Hz to 0-20 kHz and independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2050 D. 10-32 VDC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: Strain Gauge to DC and Channel 2: DC to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal Strain Gauge 0-1mV to 0-2000mV, input impedance 1 megaOhm max at 30 mA. Input ch. 2 signal is DC 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. Independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2050. 85-265 VAC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: Strain Gauge to DC and Channel 2: DC to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal Strain Gauge 0-1mV to 0-2000mV, input impedance 1 megaOhm max at 30 mA. Input ch. 2 signal is DC 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. Independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2051 D. 10-32 VDC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: Bridge/Strain Gauge/Load Cell to DC and Channel 2: Temperature(RTD) to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal is Strain Gauge 0-1mV to 0-2000mV, input impedance 1 megaOhm max at 30 mA. Input ch. 2 signal Temperature. Independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2051. 85-265 VAC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: Bridge/Strain Gauge/Load Cell to DC and Channel 2: Temperature(RTD) to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal is Strain Gauge 0-1mV to 0-2000mV, input impedance 1 megaOhm max at 30 mA. Input ch. 2 signal Temperature. Independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2053 D. 10-32 VDC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: Bridge/Strain Gauge/Load Cell to DC and Channel 2: Potentiometer to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal Strain Gauge 0-1mV to 0-2000mV, input impedance 1 megaOhm max at 30 mA. Input ch. 2 signal is Potentiometer full range of 0-100 ohms to 0-1 MegaOhms. Independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2053. 85-265 VAC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: Bridge/Strain Gauge/Load Cell to DC and Channel 2: Potentiometer to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal Strain Gauge 0-1mV to 0-2000mV, input impedance 1 megaOhm max at 30 mA. Input ch. 2 signal is Potentiometer full range of 0-100 ohms to 0-1 MegaOhms. Independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2055 D. 10-32 VDC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: Bridge/Strain Gauge/Load Cell to DC and Channel 2: Bridge/Strain Gauge/Load Cell to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal Strain Gauge 0-1mV to 0-2000mV, input impedance 1 megaOhm max at 30 mA. Input ch. 2 signal is Strain Gauge 0-1mV to 0-2000mV, input impedance 1 megaOhm max at 30 mA. Independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2055. 85-265 VAC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: Bridge/Strain Gauge/Load Cell to DC and Channel 2: Bridge/Strain Gauge/Load Cell to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal Strain Gauge 0-1mV to 0-2000mV, input impedance 1 megaOhm max at 30 mA. Input ch. 2 signal is Strain Gauge 0-1mV to 0-2000mV, input impedance 1 megaOhm max at 30 mA. Independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2056 D. 10-32 VDC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: Bridge/Strain Gauge/Load Cell to DC and Channel 2: AC to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal is Strain Gauge 0-1mV to 0-2000mV, input impedance 1 megaOhm max at 30 mA. Input ch. 2 signal AC voltage of 0-50mVAC to 0-300 VAC or current of 0-1 mAAC to 0-1000 mAAC. Independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2056. 85-265 VAC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: Bridge/Strain Gauge/Load Cell to DC and Channel 2: AC to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal is Strain Gauge 0-1mV to 0-2000mV, input impedance 1 megaOhm max at 30 mA. Input ch. 2 signal AC voltage of 0-50mVAC to 0-300 VAC or current of 0-1 mAAC to 0-1000 mAAC. Independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2057 D. 10-32 VDC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: Bridge/Strain Gauge/Load Cell to DC and Channel 2: Frequency to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal is Strain Gauge 0-1mV to 0-2000mV, input impedance 1 megaOhm max at 30 mA. Input ch. 2 signal Frequency 0-25 Hz to 0-20 kHz. Independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.
Absolute Process Instruments APD 2057. 85-265 VAC, 2 Channel Signal Converter/Isolator/Transmitter Channel with 2 input signal and 2 output signals 1: Bridge/Strain Gauge/Load Cell to DC and Channel 2: Frequency to DC with 2 optically isolated DC voltage or current outputs. Factory Configured Input ch. 1 signal is Strain Gauge 0-1mV to 0-2000mV, input impedance 1 megaOhm max at 30 mA. Input ch. 2 signal Frequency 0-25 Hz to 0-20 kHz. Independent outputs of 0-10V, 1-10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA. 5 way isolation for each signal and power. Wire for sync or source.


text:
Мак-Ком () ― город в округе Пайк, штат Миссисипи, США, примерно в 80 милях (130 км) к югу от Джексона. По данным переписи 2010 года, общая численность населения города составляла 12 790 человек. Это главный город микрополитанской статистической зоны Мак-Ком, штат Миссисипи.

История
Мак-Ком был основан в 1872 году после того, как Генри Симпсон Макком из Нового Орлеана и Северной железной дороги, предшественника Центральной железной дороги Иллинойса (ныне часть Канадской национальной железной дороги), решил перенести ремонтные мастерские железной дороги подальше от Нового Орлеана, штат Луизиана, чтобы избежать достопримечательностей баров этого города. Железная дорога купила землю в округе Пайк. Три близлежащие общины, Элизабеттаун, Бурглунд и Харвейтаун, согласились объединиться, чтобы сформировать этот город. Главная улица развивалась вместе с магазинами, достопримечательностями и бизнесом в центре города.

География
По данным Бюро переписи населения Соединенных Штатов, общая площадь города составляет 11,6 квадратных миль (30 км2), из которых 11,6 квадратных миль (30 км2) занимает суша, а 0,1 квадратных мили (0,26 км2) (0,54 %) — вода.

Климат
Климат в этом районе характеризуется жарким, влажным летом и, как правило, мягкой или прохладной зимой. Согласно системе классификации климата Кеппена, Мак-Ком имеет влажный субтропический климат.

Культура
Ежегодный праздник Дня Земли, организованный Школой искусств Пайка в Миссисипи, отмечается в апреле в субботу. Фестиваль единства Саммит-стрит ежегодно отмечается в третью субботу октября. Здесь есть Музей железнодорожного депо, Мак-Ком-Сити и Школа искусств Пайка.

Знаменитые уроженцы
 Бритни Спирс
 Брэнди Норвуд
 Литтл Фредди Кинг
 Бо Диддли

Примечания

Ссылки

Города Миссисипи

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Director Jason Priestley on His Feature-film Debut, Cas & Dylan
"I fought for rehearsal time with these two and it brought such huge dividends."
By Darcy Staniforth on May 1, 2015 4:33 PM |
Cas & Dylan is a film about two people at the opposite ends of life who are thrown together on a cross-country adventure. Dr. Cas Pepper (Richard Dreyfuss) and Dylan Morgan (Tatiana Maslany) meet in a hospital where Cas works and Dylan is observing patients. After Cas learns he has a malignant brain tumor, he decides to drive from Winnipeg to Vancouver to end his life. As Cas is trying to leave to begin his final journey, Dylan convinces him to give her a ride home and a series of unfortunate events sends them off on Cas's final journey together.
When someone offers you the chance to sit down with Jason Priestley, you should always say yes. I was excited for the chance to sit down with him and talk about this film which is his feature-film directorial debut.
Thanks for sitting down with me today, Jason.
Yeah! No problem.
Congratulations on your first feature film.
That is exciting!
It's a big deal.
It is a huge deal…I know this is your first feature film but you began directing a long time ago when you were still on Beverly Hills 90210. Is directing something you always wanted to do?
Yes it is. I mean I started directing theater when I was in high school and I have been directing ever since. I started my professional directing career in 1993 on Beverly Hills 90210 and I directed all through that series. By the time the show was done, I had directed the second most episodes of any director on that show. Dan Attias directed the most and I directed the second most.
And I don't know why it took me 20 years to direct my first feature, but it did…I don't know. I was too busy doing other things. Ya know. But I'm glad I waited for this one. I think this is a nice little movie. It was the right size of movie to take on as a first feature, but I was able to make it feel like a much bigger movie than it really was. It definitely comes together and it definitely works.
I really enjoyed this film. I thought this was such a moving film. My husband and I both watched the screener and loved it. And I think not only is this a film about a beautiful unexpected friendship between two people, but I also think it's a story about what happens when people are really alone in the world. You see Cas, this man who has this great success and great education, but really he's by himself.
Yup, all alone.
And then his dog dies and he's truly all alone. So are those the elements that drew you…or what are the elements that drew you to this film?
It was the simplicity of the story within the movie that I love. It's exactly like you said, it's this unexpected friendship. Two people that are so different and at different points in their lives. Cas who's at the end of his life, Dylan who's at the beginning of her life. Two people who are so different and on divergent paths and yet when they're put together and stuck in this tiny place together for five days they form this friendship and discover all these things that they can learn from each other and teach each other and this friendship that they can form. And I thought that was a beautiful story to tell and something that we all need to be reminded of in today's society.
The idea that we can learn from people outside of our own comfort zone.
Yes! Learn from people that are maybe a little different than us.
Maybe open our horizons a little.
Yes, and I thought a beautiful little story about an unexpected friendship like that, but I could wrap it in these big, beautiful vistas and the gorgeous landscapes and make the audience really feel like they are going on this journey with these people. So by the time they get to the end of it the audience is like, "Get me out of that fucking car!" Ya know what I mean? I feel like I could do that with this film and hopefully I succeeded.
I think you did a really good job at taking the audience along. Cause I know that road trip feeling of, "This is great. Those are beautiful. Can we pull over? I need a shower."
(Laughing) "Oh god. When is it over? When is it gonna be over?"
The first half of the film really made me want to drive across Canada, and then it's like, "When are we to the other side?"
That's what it's like driving across the prairies. "Wow, this is gonna be great." (Mimes a look at his watch and lets out a huge sigh.) "When's it gonna be over?"
Can we put a different CD on? Can we change the iPod?"
I once drove from Vienna to Pisa, get a load of this, with one CD in the car, Barry White's Greatest Hits. I wanted to kill myself by the time I got to Pisa.*
And you've never listened to Barry White since then.
Nope! Never again. Done. (Laughing)
Friend of mine and I drove cross-country from Virginia to California and we only had five CDs until we got to Colorado. Have never listened to those CDs again.
Nope! Never again. Done.
Yes, that is the joy and the misery of a road trip.
Jason nods and laughs.
Actor, fan of film, you are directing your first feature film and you get word that Richard Dreyfuss is joining your project. Did you lose your mind? I would have lost my mind.
I did, except it wasn't quite that simple. We had Tatiana, she was in the film.
She's fantastic, so fantastic.
Thank you. She's great in the movie. We couldn't find a Cas so I sent the script to my agent here in Los Angeles. The next day my agent calls me and says, "What do you think about Dreyfuss?" I said, "Uh, well what do you mean?" He said, "What do you think about Dreyfuss for Cas Pepper?" I said, "What do you mean, what do I think about him? You think we could get him?" He said, "I don't know. But is he likes it, why not?" I said, "Do you wanna send it to him?" He said, "I already sent it to him." And I said, "OK."
Two days later my agent calls me and says, "Dreyfuss wants to talk to you." So he gives me a number and I gotta cold call Dreyfuss. "Hello." (Jason does his Richard Dreyfuss here.) "Hi. Richard? It's Jason Priestley." What am I doing? So Richard and I talk for three hours and by the end of that three hours he was on a plane and coming to Canada to make this movie.
Oh, that's amazing!
It was crazy. I was sweating. It was crazy. But you know he was great. He was unbelievable.
Both of them in this film are so believable as their characters. Tatiana is so annoying at times you're like, "I love her, but I need her to go away for a while." And then with Cas you're like, "Can you please laugh or smile or something? Give me something."
And they both embody them so beautifully and believably. You have two people in this film, character wise, who are so different from each other. What did you guys do in rehearsal to have that distance at first but ten bring together that chemistry that culminates in the most beautifully moving and unexpected way in the end of this film?
Well, I tell ya what we did, we had rehearsals. We had a week of rehearsals. Just the three of us in a room working, working around the scenes, rewriting the scenes, making the scenes work and getting them together. I just wanted to spend eight hours a day in a room with Tat and Richard letting them get to know each other so that they would trust each other enough.
Early in the movie when they have to be far apart they could be that far apart because they would be there for each other. You know what I mean? And then later on in the movie when they needed to be open and exposed and there for each other they could be. I knew it was a question of time and trust and ability. We just had to be in a room together, the three of us doing the scenes and working material so that they knew they could trust each other. We didn't do trust exercises.
No trust falls.
No. No repetition games. I'm not gonna have Dreyfuss do that.
You just got him, you don't want to lose him.
We both laugh
"Please stay with me, Richard."
They just needed time with each other to know that wherever they went…the first couple of days of rehearsals everybody was playing it safe, but then they became like a little jazz combo. Dreyfuss would go and Tat would go with him. And Tat would go and Dreyfuss would go. It became like watching a couple of jazz virtuosos playing with each other. They would meander and they were always supporting each other and playing with each other. It was beautiful to watch and it was all because of the time we spent in rehearsal. I knew the movie was gonna live or die with them and so I fought for the rehearsal time.
My producer, typical producer, doesn't wanna spend any money, and there's nothing wrong with that, it's what they do. I fought for rehearsal time with these two and it brought such huge dividends. It's the one thing I'll always fight for on future films, rehearsal time, because it pays you back tenfold.
Alright. Last question. What do you need people to know about this film? When this film comes out, what do people need to know about why this film is important?
I hope this film gets people thinking about and talking about the realities of what we are all going to face very soon as the baby boomers, the largest generation in history, are getting to the age now where people are going to have to start to make some very hard decisions about how they wanna exit and shake off this mortal coil. I think that this movie deals with it in a very unflinching way. I think people need to see it for that reason.
Fantastic. Thank you so much. It was a pleasure.
Thank you. It was a real pleasure.
Cas and Dylan starts its run in theaters and on demand today, May 1, 2015.
*Road trip note: It takes almost nine hours to drive from Vienna, Italy, to Pisa, Italy. Barry White's Greatest Hits runs 45 minutes. Jason would have listened to that CD 12 times. No wonder he was ready to kill himself.
beverly hills 90210,
cas and dylan,
jason priestley,
richard dreyfuss,
road movie,