text:
Q: Errors after migrated Angular and RxJS 5 to 6 - Type 'Observable<{}>' is not assignable to type 'Observable<....>' I migrated an Angular project from v5 to v6.
In order to update all the imports I already ran rxjs-5-to-6-migrate:
npm install -g rxjs-tslint
rxjs-5-to-6-migrate -p src/tsconfig.app.json

But now I have ERRORs like the following:
src/app/products/product.service.ts(54,4): error TS2322: Type 'Observable<{}>' is not assignable to type 'Observable<{ count: number; next: string; previous: string; results: any[]; }>'.
  Type '{}' is not assignable to type '{ count: number; next: string; previous: string; results: any[]; }'.
    Property 'count' is missing in type '{}'.

product.service.ts:
import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
//import { Http, Response, Headers, RequestOptions } from '@angular/http';
import { HttpClient, HttpHeaders, HttpErrorResponse } from '@angular/common/http';
import { Observable, of } from 'rxjs';
import { ErrorObservable } from 'rxjs/observable/ErrorObservable';

import { catchError, map, tap, finalize } from 'rxjs/operators';

import { Product } from './product';

import { SpinnerService } from './../utilities/spinner/spinner.service';

import { environment } from '../../environments/environment';

const endpoint = environment.apiHost+'/api/products/' //'http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/products/'

@Injectable()
export class ProductService {

  /* Caching few data that does not change so often */
  private productTypes: any[];
  private departments: any[];
  private authors: any[];
  private colors: any[];
  private sizeRuns: any[];

  constructor(private http: HttpClient, private _spinnerService: SpinnerService) { }

  list(params?): Observable<{count:number, next:string, previous:string, results: any[]}> {
    return this.http.get<{count:number, next:string, previous:string, results: any[]}>(endpoint, {params: params})
      .pipe(
        catchError(this.handleError<any>('Retrieving products'))
      );
  }

  /**
   * Handle Http operation that failed.
   * Let the app continue.
   * @param operation - name of the operation that failed
   * @param result - optional value to return as the observable result
   */
  private handleError<T>(operation='Operation', result?: T) {
    return (error: any): ErrorObservable | Observable<T> => {

      // TODO: send the error to remote logging infrastructure
      console.error(error); // log to console instead

      // TODO: better job of transforming error for user consumption
      console.log(`${operation} failed: ${error.message}`);

      // Let the app keep running by returning an Observable with empty result.
      //return of(result as T);
      return new ErrorObservable(error);
    };
  }

}

I saw other questions like this on StackOverflow, but still I don't understand how to solve.
I can probably change the interface {count:number, next:string, previous:string, results: any[]} to simply any, but I don't really want to do it.
Any solution?
UPDATE1: Using an Interface
interface PaginatedList {
  count: number;
  next: string;
  previous: string;
  results: any[];
}

@Injectable()
export class ProductService {

  /* Caching few data that does not change so often */
  private productTypes: any[];
  private departments: any[];
  private authors: any[];
  private colors: any[];
  private sizeRuns: any[];

  constructor(private http: HttpClient, private _spinnerService: SpinnerService) { }

  list(params?): Observable<PaginatedList> {
    this._spinnerService.show('productListSpinner');
    return this.http.get<PaginatedList>(endpoint, {params: params})
      .pipe(
        catchError(this.handleError<any>('Retrieving products')),
        finalize(() => this._spinnerService.hide('productListSpinner'))
      );
  }

  /**
   * Handle Http operation that failed.
   * Let the app continue.
   * @param operation - name of the operation that failed
   * @param result - optional value to return as the observable result
   */
  private handleError<T>(operation='Operation', result?: T) {
    return (error: any): ErrorObservable | Observable<T> => {

      // TODO: send the error to remote logging infrastructure
      console.error(error); // log to console instead

      // TODO: better job of transforming error for user consumption
      console.log(`${operation} failed: ${error.message}`);

      // Let the app keep running by returning an Observable with empty result.
      //return of(result as T);
      return new ErrorObservable(error);
    };
  }

}

ERRORS:
src/app/products/product.service.ts(61,4): error TS2322: Type 'Observable<{}>' is not assignable to type 'Observable<PaginatedList>'.
  Type '{}' is not assignable to type 'PaginatedList'.
    Property 'count' is missing in type '{}'.

UPDATE2:
Checking my errors, I think that ErrorObservable is causing the other errors:
src/app/products/product.service.ts(325,26): error TS2314: Generic type 'ErrorObservable<T>' requires 1 type argument(s).

A:
I can probably change the interface {count:number, next:string,
  previous:string, results: any[]} to simply any`

By doing this you would simply shot yourself on the foot. Why wouldn't you define the interface of a concept that you know?
The first question that you should ask yourself when handling the error: do I need to gracefully or ungracefully handle it?
Gracefully handling the error would transform it into a "fake" notification in the stream, keeping the type contract of it in most cases. For example:
import { throwError, of } from 'rxjs';
import { catchError } from 'rxjs/operators';
// Create source Observable<string> that emits an error
const source : Observable<string> = throwError('This is an error!');
// Gracefully handle error, returning observable with error message
// Notice that the type contract of the source is mantained
const example : Observable<string> = source.pipe(catchError(val => of(`I caught: ${val}`)));
// Output: 'I caught: This is an error'
// Notice that the next, and not the error callback, is invoked
const subscribe = example.subscribe(
      val => console.log(val),
      error => console.log("Something exploded: ", error));

In the previous example, I keep the type contract of the source. In the following I dont:
import { throwError, of } from 'rxjs';
import { catchError } from 'rxjs/operators';
// Create source Observable<string> that emits an error
const source : Observable<string> = throwError('This is an error!');
// Gracefully handle error, returning observable with error message
// Notice that by mapping the error to a fake notification of another type, the new
// stream extends the type contract of the source
const example : Observable<string | number> = source.pipe(catchError(val => of(1)));
// Output: 'I caught: This is an error'
// Notice that the next, and not the error callback, is invoked
const subscribe = example.subscribe(
      val => console.log(val),
      error => console.log("Something exploded: ", error));

The other option is to ungracefully handle an error, by basically applying some logic and then re-throwing. In such case, the type contract of the stream has no information about the error that the stream could arise. For example:
import { throwError, of } from 'rxjs';
import { catchError } from 'rxjs/operators';
// Create source Observable<string> that emits an error
const source : Observable<string> = throwError('This is an error!');
// Ungracefully handle error, re-throwing an object
const example : Observable<string> = source.pipe(catchError(error => throwError({message: 'Error caught', error})));
// Output: 'Something exploded: '
// Notice that the error, and not the next callback, is invoked
const subscribe = example.subscribe(
      val => console.log(val),
      error => console.log("Something exploded: ", error));

Back to your issue; as it is, your approach is currently gracefully handling the error and extending the type contract of the source stream, without correctly declaring the return type of the method.
The solution to the error would be to change the signature of the method to:
list(params?): Observable<PaginatedList | any>;

Another problem is that you are directly using ErrorObservable, which is indeed an implementation detail. Normally you would use the throwError operator.

A: You can define 'or' operator.
Observable<{count:number, next:string, previous:string, results: any[]}> |  Observable<any>


text:
DTI note on Broadband and State Aid issues
bsg2004-05-05T00:00:19+00:00
The DTI State Aid Unit has published a guidance note on State Aid issues related to broadband projects for the RDAs and Devolved Administrations. This paper should be regarded as a work in progress and the DTI would be happy to consider comments. The DTI has pointed out that a further decision on another UK state aid case is expected from the European Commission in the latter half of May and the paper may need to be revised in the light of that decision.
Contact point:
Sean Kenny, Hugh Rawson or Edith Templeton
DTI State Aid Policy Unit Kingsgate House Room 230
66-74 Victoria Street London SW1E 6SW
DTI note on State Aid Issues April 2004

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Billy is the behind-the-scenes IT guy for DnA. He makes sure that our emails get sent and that our website keeps running. He's also on hand for any emergency problem solving. He joined DnA many years ago and has floated around keeping things ticking over ever since. He loves what DnA does and stands for and thinks you should too!


Handcrafted of polished white-gold-plated sterling silver, VIOLA.Y JEWELRY's X-shaped ring showcases two interlocked bands: one embellished with sequentially sized white cubic zirconia, the other tipped with two imitation pearls at the open face. Part of the brand's Saturn Collection, this piece's playful design is inspired by the orbital flow of celestial bodies.
Pavé white cubic zirconia. White glass imitation pearls.
Polished 14k white-gold-plated sterling silver.
2mm band width, 1.5cm face width (approximately).


text:
Q: What's the best way to return 2 (or more) variables from a method in Obj-C? What is the best way to return 2 (or more) variables from a method?
Say I want to return 2 integer values (ex. a=10 & b=20) to the (parent) method and load them to the variables myFirst and mySecond.
Both ways work, but which one is better?
1) "Classical" Way:
-(int *)returnMyValues1
{
    int a = 10, b = 20;
    static int myResult[2];

    myResult[0] = a;
    myResult[1] = b;

    return myResult;
}

...

int *result;
result = [viewSeatsAndMore returnMyValues];
myFirst = *result;
mySecond = *(result+1);

2) "Objective" Way:
-(NSArray *)returnMyValues2
{
    int a = 10, b = 20;
    return [NSArray arrayWithObjects:[NSNumber numberWithInt:a], [NSNumber numberWithInt:b], nil];
}

...

NSArray *result = [self returnMyValues2];
myFirst = [[result objectAtIndex:0] intValue];
mySecond = [[result objectAtIndex:1] intValue];

In regard to speed, testing them with 1 million iterations, the 1st way is by 6 seconds faster.
But what about memory? Is the "static int" better than a NSArray?
Does the reservation of memory (due to the static int) not worth the (negligible) speed gain?
Is there a better way?

A: It really-really depends on your specific use case. Do you need the method to be fast? If you don't, then just go ahead and use an NSArray, although I'd recommend you use the modern syntax which is more succinct, consequently easier to read:
- (NSArray *)returnAnArray {
    return @[ @42, @1337 ];
}

If you are sure you will only ever need to return two (or a small, fixed number of) integers, you can return a struct too:
typedef struct {
    int first;
    int second;
} TwoInts;

- (TwoInts)returnTwoInts {
    return (TwoInts){ 13, 37 };
}

By the way, your "classic" approach above is… dangerous and ugly. static variables are shared across function calls (even across method calls on different objects). This is, normally, completely different from the expected semantics of a method that returns something related to the object, so it confuses programmers trying to use your code. Don't do that.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Sneak Peek of "Bible Secrets Revealed" on History, beginning Nov 13, 2013
Posted on October 31, 2013 by bobcargill (@xkv8r)
Dr. Bart Erhman (UNC, Chapel Hill) appears on "Bible Secrets Revealed" airing on History beginning Nov 11, 2013.
You can sneak a peek at the first teaser/trailer of "Bible Secrets Revealed" on the History web site.
Drs. Bart Ehrman, Candida Moss, Francesca Stavrakopoulou, and Reza Aslan are shown inviting viewers to come and watch.
The series begins airing on Nov 13, 2013 at 10/9c. The series airs every Wednesday for the next six weeks.
I can also reveal a list of some of those scholars who will be appearing in the series. This partial list (in alpha order) includes:
Reza Aslan (University of California, Riverside)
Gary Burge (Wheaton College)
Robert R. Cargill (University of Iowa)
Bart Ehrman (University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill)
Lori Anne Ferrell (Claremont Graduate University)
Israel Finkelstein (Tel Aviv University)
William Fulco (Loyola Marymount University)
Jeffrey C. Geoghegan (Boston College)
Bryan Givens (Pepperdine University)
Mark Goodacre (Duke University)
Bradley Hale (Azusa Pacific University)
James Hoffmeier (Trinity Evangelical Divinity School)
Amir Hussain (Loyola Marymount University)
Alvin Kass (NYPD)
Chris Keith (St. Mary's University College)
Peter Lanfer (University of California, Los Angeles)
Jodi Magness (University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill)
Dale Martin (Yale University)
Candida Moss (University of Notre Dame)
Bob Mullins (Azusa Pacific University)
Elaine Pagels (Princeton University)
Yuval Peleg (Israel Antiquities Authority)
Pnina Shor (Israel Antiquities Authority)
Jordan Smith (University of Iowa)
Daniel L. Smith-Christopher (Loyola Marymount University)
Francesca Stavrakopoulou (University of Exeter, UK)
James Tabor (University of North Carolina, Charlotte)
David Wolpe (Sinai Temple, Los Angeles)
Jennifer Wright-Knust (Boston University)
I invite those of all faith traditions, sects, and denominations, as well as atheists, agnostics, secular humanists to watch the series, as History presents a scholarly look at the difficult texts and traditions within the Bible.
Filed under: archaeology, bible, christianity, judaism, religion, scholarship, tv | Tagged: Alvin Kass, Amir Hussain, azusa pacific university, bart ehrman, Bible Secrets Revealed, Boston College, Boston University, Bradley Hale, Bryan Givens, Candida Moss, Chris Keith, Claremont Graduate University, Dale Martin, Daniel L. Smith-Christopher, David Wolpe, documentary, duke, Elaine Pagels, Firbidden Scriptures, Francesca Stavrakopoulou, Gary Burge, history channel, israel antiquities authority, israel finkelstein, James Hoffmeier, James Tabor, Jeffrey C. Geoghegan, Jennifer Wright-Knust, jodi magness, Joel M. Hoffman, Jonathan Kirsch, Jordan Smith, Kathleen McGowan, Lori Anne Ferrell, Lost in Translation, Loyola Marymount University, mark goodacre, Mysterious Prophecies, Notre Dame. Bob Mullins, NYPD, Pepperdine, peter lanfer, pnina shor, Princeton University, Prometheus Entertainment, Promised Land, Real Jesus, Reza Aslan, Riverside, robert r. cargill, Sex and the Bible, Sinai Temple, St. Mary's University College, Tel Aviv University, Tel Azekah, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, ucla, UNC Chapel Hill, UNC Charlotte, university of california, University of Exeter, University of Iowa, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Wheaton College, William Fulco, yale, yuval peleg |	6 Comments »
New History Channel Documentary "Bible Secrets Revealed" Begins Airing November 11
I'm pleased to announce that a new documentary series will begin airing on History beginning Monday, November 11, 2013 at 10:00pm / 9:00 Central.
The series is entitled, Bible Secrets Revealed, and is produced by Prometheus Entertainment for the History channel.
The titles of the six episodes and their schedule of appearance are as follows:
"Lost in Translation" – November 11, 2013
"The Promised Land" – November 18, 2013
"The Forbidden Scriptures" – November 25, 2013
"The Real Jesus" – December 2, 2013
"Mysterious Prophecies" – December 16, 2013
"Sex and the Bible" – December 23, 2013
The documentary features dozens of the world's top biblical scholars, religious studies scholars, archaeologists, and historians, who offer different points of view while addressing some of the more difficult readings in the biblical and extra-biblical texts.
It is also worth note that portions of the documentary were filmed on site during the 2013 season of archaeological excavation at Tel Azekah.
Please tune in to this documentary, which seeks to address difficult biblical scriptures and teachings in a responsible, academic, yet entertaining manner. The series is certain to be compelling as much for its scholarship as for its examination of secrets buried deep within the biblical texts, that have often traditionally been known only to scholars.
Filed under: ancient near east, archaeology, bible, christianity, education, israel, Jerusalem, judaism, religion, robert cargill, scholarship, theology, tv, University of Iowa | Tagged: Alvin Kass, Amir Hussain, azusa pacific university, bart ehrman, Bible Secrets Revealed, Boston College, Boston University, Bradley Hale, Bryan Givens, Candida Moss, Chris Keith, Claremont Graduate University, Dale Martin, Daniel L. Smith-Christopher, David Wolpe, documentary, duke, Elaine Pagels, Firbidden Scriptures, Francesca Stavrakopoulou, Gary Burge, history channel, israel antiquities authority, James Hoffmeier, James Tabor, Jeffrey C. Geoghegan, Jennifer Wright-Knust, jodi magness, Joel M. Hoffman, Jonathan Kirsch, Jordan Smith, Kathleen McGowan, Lori Anne Ferrell, Lost in Translation, Loyola Marymount University, mark goodacre, Mysterious Prophecies, Notre Dame. Bob Mullins, NYPD, Pepperdine, peter lanfer, pnina shor, Princeton University, Prometheus Entertainment, Promised Land, Real Jesus, Reza Aslan, Riverside, robert r. cargill, Sex and the Bible, Sinai Temple, St. Mary's University College, Tel Azekah, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, ucla, UNC Chapel Hill, UNC Charlotte, university of california, University of Exeter, University of Iowa, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Wheaton College, William Fulco, yale, yuval peleg |	78 Comments »
Dr. Andrea Berlin (Boston University) to lecture at the University of Iowa on Attic Pottery in the Persian Levant
Posted on March 5, 2013 by bobcargill (@xkv8r)
Dr. Andrea M. Berlin, the James R. Wiseman Chair in Classical Archaeology at Boston University
The University of Iowa School of Art & Art History is pleased to announce a lecture by Dr. Andrea M. Berlin, the James R. Wiseman Chair in Classical Archaeology at Boston University, entitled "Attic Pottery in the Persian Levant: 5 Short Stories".
Lecturer: Dr. Andrea M. Berlin, the James R. Wiseman Chair in Classical Archaeology at Boston University
Title: "Attic Pottery in the Persian Levant: 5 Short Stories"
Date: Tuesday, March 12, 2013
Place: 240 Art Building West
About Dr. Berlin:
Professor Andrea M. Berlin is the James R. Wiseman Chair in Classical Archaeology at Boston University. She received an MA in Syro-Palestinian Archaeology from the University of Chicago's Oriental Institute, and a Ph.D. in Classical Art and Archaeology from the University of Michigan. She has been excavating in the eastern Mediterranean for over thirty years, working on projects from Troy in Turkey to Coptos in southern Egypt to Paestum, in Italy. Her specialty is the Near East from the time of Alexander the Great through the Roman era, about which she has written four books and over forty articles. Prof. Berlin is especially interested in studying the realities of daily life, and in exploring the intersection of politics and cultural change in antiquity. She is one of the Archaeological Institute of America's most accomplished teachers and lecturers, having traveled to over 60 societies across the United States and Canada, most recently as the AIA's 2008 Joukowsky Lecturer. In 2009 she was awarded the AIA's Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching.
Sponsored by: The University of Iowa School of Art & Art History and the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences.
Individuals with Disabilities:
Individuals with disabilities are encouraged to attend all University of Iowa sponsored events. If you are a person with a disability who requires an accommodation in order to participate in this program, please contact the School of Art and Art History at 319/335-1376.
Filed under: art, lectures, University of Iowa | Tagged: Andrea Berlin, Attic Pottery, Boston University, CLAS, Classical Archaeology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, James R. Wiseman Chair, Persian Levant, School of Art & Art History |	Leave a comment »


"Today's agreement is about providing fairer rules for drivers and transport companies, and greater efficiency for national control authorities," said Norbert Hofer, minister for transport, innovation, and technology, for Austria.
Crucially for European road haulage firms, the council agreed on a proposal that every truck carrying goods across Europe's internal borders must be fitted with a smart tachograph by the end of 2024, which would register when a truck crossed a border and would "localize loading and unloading activities".
Transport operators will, however, face further cost increases from new rules on drivers' working conditions, with the stipulations that drivers will no longer be allowed to sleep in cabs and will instead have to use hotels, and that firms must organize work schedules so drivers can return home at least once a month.
And, although the EC has decided not to further liberalize Europe's cabotage regime – which restricts operators from one country moving domestic cargo within another country to a maximum of three shipments within seven days – it has agreed on an amendment of posting rules to include cabotage operations.
"The general rule would be that if an operation is organized in such a way that the link between the driver's work and the country of establishment remains intact, the driver should be excluded from posting rules.
"This means that bilateral transport operations are explicitly excluded. On the way to the destination country, and on the way back, one additional activity of loading/unloading is permitted in each direction without falling under the posting regime, or none on the way out and up to two on the way back.
"Transit is also excluded. For all other types of operations, including cabotage, the full posting regime would apply from the first day of the operation," the council said in a statement.
The proposals now go to the European Parliament for agreement on the final text.


text:
Les États généraux de 1588-1589 (ou États généraux de Blois) sont une réunion extraordinaire convoquée par le roi de France Henri III, sur fond de lutte entre les différentes factions de la huitième guerre de religion (la Ligue catholique contre l'autorité royale, soupçonnée d'être plus compréhensive envers les protestants). Ils se déroulèrent à Blois entre le  et le . Ils furent marqués par l'assassinat du duc Henri  de Guise (Henri le Balafré) sur ordre du roi.

Contexte
La huitième guerre de religion, dite aussi guerre des trois Henri, éclate en 1585. Le principal problème est celui de l'héritier à la couronne de France : Henri III n'ayant pas d'enfant et c'est son cousin au vingt-et-unième degré, Henri de Bourbon, roi de Navarre, qui doit lui succéder selon la loi salique. Or Henri de Navarre est le chef du parti huguenot. Par peur de voir un protestant monter sur le trône de France, des catholiques intransigeants ont créé, en 1584, la Ligue, dirigée par Henri de Lorraine, duc de Guise, surnommé le Balafré, dont le but est d'extirper l'hérésie du royaume.

Les relations entre le roi de France, Henri III (1574-1589), et la Ligue se sont très vite tendues. Les ligueurs reprochent au roi son manque d'énergie dans la lutte contre le protestantisme, ainsi que des faveurs trop grandes faites à ses mignons, comme le duc d'Épernon.

Au début de 1588, la situation s'est beaucoup dégradée : par peur des complots contre sa personne, Henri III a interdit au duc de Guise de venir à Paris. Mais le duc entre dans la capitale le . S'ensuit, le , une violente émeute à Paris contre les soldats du roi, connue sous le nom de journée des barricades.

Le , Henri III s'enfuit à Chartres. Il essaie de calmer les ligueurs en signant l'Edit d'union, en juillet, dans lequel il exclut Henri de Navarre de la succession royale et où il rappelle sa mission de lutte contre le protestantisme.

C'est à ce moment qu'Henri III convoque les États généraux, initialement prévus pour le , à Blois. On considère parfois que les Ligueurs auraient imposé à Henri III cette réunion des États généraux. Il est en fait plus probable qu'elle ait été un moyen pour le roi de reprendre l'initiative et de se donner une nouvelle légitimité, en jouant la province, moins ligueuse, contre Paris.

Campagne électorale et élections
On est très mal renseigné sur les élections qui eurent lieu en août et en septembre à travers tout le royaume. Selon l'historien de la Ligue Jean-Marie Constant, "les Guises et les ligueurs [...] se jetèrent dans une formidable campagne électorale dont les protestants furent pratiquement exclus et qui opposa ligueurs et partisans du roi."

Le résultat fut un grand succès pour la Ligue. La grande majorité des députés du tiers état et du Clergé étaient des ligueurs, à l'image de leurs présidents : La Chapelle-Marteau, prévôt des marchands de Paris, les cardinaux de  et de Guise pour le Clergé. Seul l'ordre de la noblesse était à peu près partagé entre ligueurs et candidats du roi.

Le déroulement des États généraux
Après une immense procession réunie le , la séance inaugurale eut lieu le  dans la grande salle du château de Blois.

Pour le roi, l'enjeu était de faire voter par les États généraux des subsides, afin de lui permettre de faire la guerre contre les huguenots. Les députés au contraire, principalement ceux du tiers état, ordre non privilégié, exigeaient la baisse du montant de la taille : pour eux, l'on pouvait trouver de l'argent pour la guerre en réorganisant les finances royales.

Selon J.-M. Constant, les États généraux ont vu se dérouler une réelle "crise constitutionnelle". En effet, les députés ligueurs voulaient contrôler les finances de la monarchie, mais aussi les nominations au Conseil du roi, principale prérogative du monarque. L'historien soutient que tous ces bouleversements institutionnels étaient désirés avant tout par le tiers état, et que le duc de Guise, en grand noble, ne se préoccupait pas du tout de changer quoi que ce soit au fonctionnement du gouvernement de l'État. Pour lui, l'objectif était de se faire nommer connétable de France par les députés  et que l'on trouve des subsides pour lui permettre de lutter contre les protestants.

Toutefois, Henri III pensait que le duc de Guise incitait les députés à s'opposer à lui et qu'il était le principal danger pour la monarchie.

L'assassinat du duc de Guise
Le principal événement des États généraux de Blois fut donc l'assassinat, sur ordre du roi, du duc de Guise. La chose fut réalisée le , dans l'antichambre de la chambre du roi, au château de Blois, alors que Guise était venu prendre part au Conseil. Il fut poignardé par huit des Quarante-Cinq, cette garde rapprochée d'Henri III.

Le roi fit ensuite exécuter le frère du duc, le cardinal de Guise, et arrêter les principaux députés ligueurs.

Les États généraux se clôturèrent donc le  sur un échec.

Bibliographie

 Jean-Marie Constant, La Ligue, Paris, Fayard, 1996.
 Manfred Orlea, La Noblesse aux États généraux de 1576 et de 1588 : étude politique et sociale, Paris, PUF, 1980.

Notes et références

Etats généraux de 1588-1589
Etats généraux de 1588-1589
1588
Etats généraux de 1588
Etats généraux de 1589
Histoire de Blois
Henri III (roi de France)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Discussion in 'Panasonic Cameras' started by vsiddhartha, Apr 18, 2011.
I was reading this article and it made me wonder...is the live histogram on my G2 single-channel (and if so, which one) or is it luminance? What about the blinking overexposed highlights...are those shown when any single channel clips, or does it just look at one channel?
I was thinking about running some tests of my own, but thought I'd check here first.
- The live histogram is luminance.
- The blinking highlights only show when all three color channels are clipped (pure white).
- It is possible for one channel to clip very badly without any evidence on the live histogram. For example, in an overexposed scene of approximately 1/3 green and 2/3 red, by area, the live histogram would show nothing anywhere close to the right side of the graph. Looking at the RGB histograms in playback showed that the red channel had clipped quite badly.
Interesting...don't rely too much on those live histograms to determine exposure compensation! Also, it's possible to have one, or even two, channels clip and you won't see any blinking highlights.
Thanks, that's a good article. So, is there nothing I can do if I'm shooting jpeg? Why doesn't Panny give you the option of an RGB live histogram if you want it? Would it really be that much more hardware intensive?
It's worse than that, actually : the live histogram, in all cases, is always based on the *processed* data displayed on the back LCD, no matter you shoot RAW or Jpeg. And no, there's nothing you can do about it. It would need a firmware rewrite only Panasonic can do.


The output schema of a Sort operator is the output of the child logical operator.
The maxRows of a Sort operator is the maxRows of the child logical operator.
Use orderBy or sortBy operators from the Catalyst DSL to create a Sort logical operator, e.g. for testing or Spark SQL internals exploration.
Sorting is supported for columns of orderable type only (which is enforced at analysis when CheckAnalysis is requested to checkAnalysis).
Sort logical operator is resolved to SortExec unary physical operator when BasicOperators execution planning strategy is executed.
orderBy and sortBy create a Sort logical operator with the global flag on and off, respectively.


text:
The Cat Cafe Sends Five Cats Home in August 2019
In August, things calm down for us at The Cat Cafe. We don't have four days where there are an extra 135,000 people in downtown San Diego. But we're still busy, and we're taking care of a lot of customers who decide to visit America's Finest City for their summer vacation. That can make things challenging for potential adopters, which is why we're glad we sent five cats home in August.
We're glad we got the chance to spend time with Peaches, Sven, Kristoff, Blinky, and Twinky. But we're glad they left The Cat Cafe for their forever homes.
And we're also grateful to our visitors for contributing $325 to help The Rescue House in its mission of helping find homes for adoptable cats.
As cats go home, we bring new ones in. We'd like to introduce you to the latest members of The Cat Cafe clowder.
First up is a four year old brown tabby, Casanova. He's been through a lot in his life. He thought he had a forever home when he was adopted as a kitten. But a change in his living circumstances made him nervous, and it caused issues that made his people return him to The Rescue House. Casanova loves laps, and if you want to get him to hop into your lap have a seat on the bench in the back. If Casanova is awake, there's a good sense he'll join you.
Since we sent a couple of bonded pairs home in August, it only makes sense that another bonded pair would join the clowder at The Cat Cafe. Georgia and John are part of a four cat litter. The other two cats, Paul and Ringo, should make very clear where the inspiration for their names came from. Both of these cats are about as young as we get them, at six months.
Georgia is a black and white cat who starts her purr motor very easily. Start petting her and it revs right up. While neither of the pair is shy, Georgia is a little more reserved. That doesn't mean she's not social, though, and she loves interacting with people.
John is a little more rambunctious than his sister, and he loves to play with her. Not surprisingly, given that he's more rambunctious, he sometimes annoys her. And his playful nature isn't limited to his sister. He loves playing with water.
The last cat to join us is Honey. Honey is about a year and a half old. She started her life in a semi-hoarding situation, and arrived at The Rescue House pregnant. She gave birth to a litter of two, and adapted to motherhood quickly. After her kittens were weaned, she came to The Cat Cafe. She quickly adapted to the environment, and loves to entertain both staff and visitors.
We hope to introduce you to the newest members of the clowder at The Cat Cafe in person soon. Come meet them and say hello to some of the longer term residents!


As of March 22, 2019 at 10:50PM, 1 USD equals 0.8859 EUR.
As of March 21, 2019 at 10:50PM, 1 USD equals 0.8812 EUR.
As of March 20, 2019 at 10:50PM, 1 USD equals 0.8809 EUR.
As of March 19, 2019 at 10:50PM, 1 USD equals 0.8807 EUR.
As of March 18, 2019 at 10:50PM, 1 USD equals 0.8826 EUR.
As of March 17, 2019 at 10:50PM, 1 USD equals 0.8826 EUR.


text:
Home » News – WhiteSource » Renovate, an Open Source Project for Software Dependency Updates, Joins the Whitesource Family
Free WhiteSource Renovate solution automatically resolves outdated dependencies, saving developers' time, reducing risk, and mitigating the impact of security vulnerabilities
TEL AVIV, Israel, Nov. 13, 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- WhiteSource, the leader in open source security and license compliance management, announced today that Renovate, the industry-standard dependency update solution for software developers, will be joining the WhiteSource family. In addition, all of Renovate's current commercial offerings will now be available for free under its new name, WhiteSource Renovate.
"Renovate was developed because running user-facing applications with outdated dependencies is not a serious option for software projects today," says Rhys Arkins, founder of Renovate. "It increases the likelihood of unfixed bugs and increases the quantity and impact of security vulnerabilities within software applications. With Renovate, you can automatically and efficiently keep dependencies up-to-date, integrating this process into any DevOps workflow."
WhiteSource will continue to drive the Renovate open source project, which to date has received over 5,000 commits from more than 150 contributors. Furthermore, WhiteSource will now offer the existing paid offerings for free: a GitHub app, a GitLab app, and a self-hosted solution , all under the WhiteSource Renovate umbrella.
"We're excited to add Renovate's technology to the WhiteSource product line, and we're looking forward to getting it into the hands of as many developers as possible," said Rami Sass, CEO of WhiteSource. "Dependency visibility and currency are essential ingredients for mature software organizations and an important complement to vulnerability and license management. We're proud that a tool for updating dependencies is itself open source and will ensure the project continues to extend its leadership in multi-platform and language support. By incorporating all of Renovate's current commercial offerings into a free WhiteSource Renovate solution, and by maintaining the open source component, WhiteSource underscores its commitment to helping the software developer community more easily address open source management and security vulnerability challenges, so that developers can spend more time innovating and less time manually resolving security vulnerabilities or dependency updates."
Rhys Arkins joins WhiteSource as Director of Product. For more information directly from Rhys, check out his blog here.
About WhiteSource
WhiteSource is the pioneer of open source security and license compliance management. Founded in 2011, its vision is to empower businesses to develop better software by harnessing the power of open source. WhiteSource is used by more than 800 customers worldwide, from all verticals, and sizes, including 23% of Fortune 100 companies, as well as industry leaders such as Microsoft, IBM, Comcast and many more. For more information, please visit www.WhiteSourceSoftware.com
Contact: pr@whitesourcesoftware.com
SOURCE WhiteSource
https://www.whitesourcesoftware.com/


text:
Q: Check / uncheck items in OnMultiChoiceClickListener.onClick? I'm creating a multiple choice AlertDialog, using AlertDialog.Builder and setMultiChoiceItems.
I want to check / uncheck items from inside the OnMultiChoiceClickListener, but I can't find how.
Here's my code:
final List<User> users = Util.getUsers();
final String[] names = new String[users.size()];
final boolean[] checked = new boolean[users.size()];
for (int i=0; i < names.length; i++) {
    names[i] = users.get(i).getName();
    checked[i] = selectedUsers.contains(users.get(i).getId());
}
new AlertDialog.Builder(EventFormActivity.this)
    .setTitle(R.string.schedule_for)
    .setOnCancelListener(new DialogInterface.OnCancelListener() {
        @Override
        public void onCancel(DialogInterface dialog) {
            updateScheduleForText();
        }
    })
    .setMultiChoiceItems(names, checked, new DialogInterface.OnMultiChoiceClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which, boolean isChecked) {
            if (isChecked) selectedUsers.add(users.get(which).getId());
            else selectedUsers.remove((Integer) users.get(which).getId());
            // check or uncheck other items? how?
        }
     })
     .show();

The only way I see that I could do this is implement a custom ListAdapter, or even a custom dialog-themed Activity.

A: The DialogInterface that you get in the OnClick Method should be an AlertDialog.  You can then use the getButton function to get the button objects and you should be able to manipulate the various buttons from there.
EDIT:
I think I understand the issue now, you are going to want to work with the ListView  While putting together an example I found this already solved on SO  That example show you how to check/uncheck the list items from your OnMultiChoiceClickListener

A: Try this : How uncheck items in AlertDialog (setMultiChoiceItems)?.
AskMeSelected[which] = false;
alertDialogList.setItemChecked(which, false);

Be sure to also set the corresponding position of boolean array to false.


text:
class TestBaseType
{
  public:
    TestBaseType() {}
    TestBaseType(int) {}
    virtual ~TestBaseType() {}
    virtual int func() { return 0; }

};

class TestDerivedType : public TestBaseType
{
  public:
    virtual ~TestDerivedType() {}
    virtual int func() { return 1; }
};

std::string hello_world()
{
  return "Hello World";
}

// MSVC doesn't like that we are using C++ return types from our C declared module
// but this is the best way to do it for cross platform compatibility
#ifdef BOOST_MSVC
#pragma warning(push)
#pragma warning(disable : 4190)
#endif

CHAISCRIPT_MODULE_EXPORT  chaiscript::ModulePtr create_chaiscript_module_test_module()
{
  chaiscript::ModulePtr m(new chaiscript::Module());

  m->add(chaiscript::fun(hello_world), "hello_world");

  m->add(chaiscript::user_type<TestBaseType>(), "TestBaseType");
  m->add(chaiscript::user_type<TestDerivedType>(), "TestDerivedType");

  m->add(chaiscript::constructor<TestBaseType ()>(), "TestBaseType");
//  m->add(chaiscript::constructor<TestBaseType (int)>(), "TestBaseType");
  m->add(chaiscript::constructor<TestBaseType (const TestBaseType &)>(), "TestBaseType");

  m->add(chaiscript::constructor<TestDerivedType ()>(), "TestDerivedType");
  m->add(chaiscript::constructor<TestDerivedType (const TestDerivedType &)>(), "TestDerivedType");

  m->add(chaiscript::base_class<TestBaseType, TestDerivedType>());

  m->add(chaiscript::fun(&TestBaseType::func), "func");

  return m;
}

#ifdef BOOST_MSVC
#pragma warning(pop)
#endif

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home News Football Fans Refused Entry Without Negative Covid Test
Football Fans Refused Entry Without Negative Covid Test
"Easy to see how this could morph into an ´entrance dependent on being vaccinated' scheme"
Football fans in Liverpool, UK are being mandated to take COIVD tests before attending a match Monday, and those who do not will be refused entry even if they have bought tickets.
Fans of Everton FC were warned by the club that they must produce negative test results issued no more than 36 hours previously or be barred from entering the stadium to see the team play against Manchester City.
[…] Liverpool has thus far escaped complete lockdown, like much of the rest of the country, and therefore some sports fans are allowed to attend events, albeit in the case of Everton FC fans, with this new mandate.
Several fans pointed out that the tests are highly inaccurate, and that a negative result from a day or two ago means little:
Using a lateral flow test with 50% accuracy, you'd be as well asking them to guess heads or tails correctly, to gain entrance.
Continue Reading at InfoWars.com…


Winners Take Prizes – IT Competition Finished!
As we mentioned before, CodeTwo was a lead sponsor of an IT competition held by Karkonosze College for students of local secondary schools. The rivalry was intense, but, according to the local media, many participants were trying to devise a grand strategy to take the third place in the competition in order to win Play Station 3. The second runner-up, Lukasz Siegiet, scooped up the most desired prize – PlayStation 3 and a game gift token – founded by our company.
Those who placed 1st and 2nd, won a desktop computer (PC) and Ultraportable respectively. Accept our heartfelt congratulations guys!
All pictures by the courtesy of Gabriela Stefanowicz.
Guys! You look great in the pictures, even better than PS3!


This series of online videos offers quick safety tips for truck and bus drivers. They are designed to watch while on a break or for motor carriers to play during safety meetings.
Ensure your company's driver qualifications are attracting and retaining high quality drivers. Watch our webinar to learn more about best practices for driver qualifications, how to enhance your hiring process, and how to improve retention, safety, production and profit.
Have you ever been told to expect the unexpected? Planning and practicing for unthinkable events is more critical than ever. How will your company react if involved in a catastrophic accident with the news cameras rolling? In this video, we'll review best practices for crisis management and emergency planning in the transportation industry.
As a driver in the public transportation industry, the control of your vehicle and safety of passengers is of paramount importance. You carry the most valuable of cargo: people. In this edition of Safety Solutions, We'll review best practices for customer care and passenger safety.
Are you performing your pre-trip and post-trip inspections daily? Do you know what must be inspected and how to inspect it? Learn the proper in-depth procedure for inspecting your vehicle and ways to prevent common injuries.
Distracted driving is one of the major causes of motor vehicle accidents today. This edition of Safety Solutions discusses the four types of distractions - manual, auditory, visual, cognitive - and teaches proper skills to avoid distracted driving.
Turns can be dangerous and costly if you don't take the necessary precautions before and during these maneuvers. They are among the most common type of accident in the school bus and motorcoach industry. In this edition of Safety Solutions, we review turning techniques and tips for avoiding these accidents.
Low clearance collisions are preventable if you know your clearance height before your trip, pay attention to warning signs while on the road and use caution when approaching low clearances. This video discusses these and other tips for avoiding this type of collision.
Construction is an issue every driver has to deal with at some point, but it can be even more frustrating when you're behind the wheel of a truck or motorcoach. The risk of collisions in construction zones is higher for operators of these types of vehicles. This video covers how to navigate these situations.
Most lifting injuries are not caused by a single lift, but by many lifts over a long period of time. Proper lifting techniques can help you avoid these injuries. This video discusses how to size up a load, safely pick it up and put it down, and when to use assistance while lifting.
Slips and falls may seem like minor accidents but they can lead to very serious injuries. These injuries can be preventable if you know your surroundings, wear the proper shoes and use three points of contact. This video discusses these and other tips for avoiding these types of injuries.
DVD copies of Safety Solutions videos are available upon request from our Resource Library. View available Safety Solutions DVDs.
Have an idea for a Safety Solutions topic? Email lossprevention@protectiveinsurance.com.
These videos and their content are designed to provide general driving and road safety information. They are not intended to be a substitute for real-life driver instruction or training. Please know all the variables posed in the real-life application of the information provided herein are beyond the scope of Safety Solutions.
While every effort is made to provide accurate and current information, Protective Insurance does not warrant that the information contained herein is free from error or is all-inclusive. Protective does not guarantee or accept any legal liability arising from or connected to the adequacy, completeness, accuracy, or appropriateness of the material, and is not responsible for any omissions or inaccuracies obtained from other sources or caused by human error.
The appearance of an individual, organization, or third party web address in these videos is not intended as, nor in any manner serves as, an endorsement of that individual, organization, or website.
These videos are only a supplement to the training provided by your company.


African myth of Impundulu the lighting bird, takes the true life form of the hammerkop, eagle and secretary birds in order to answer the origins of rain, lightning and chaos in the Venda culture.
The Venda, also known as Vhavenda are a Southern African people living mostly in Thohoyandou near the South Africa Zimbabwe border. As in most cultures around the world, fire and water hold a special fascination with the Venda people and the Venda can conjure up ancestral spirits to assist with early matters.
According to Siyabona Africa, Venda believe zwidutwane water spirits live at the bottom of waterfalls.
These beings are only half-visible; they only have one eye, one leg, and one arm. One half can be seen in this world and the other half in the spirit world. The Venda would take offerings of food to them because the zwidutwane cannot grow things underwater.
Khokhovula is a traditional healer or Inyanga, Sangoma practicing in Siloam Nzhelele Limpopo Province South Africa. He states Impundulu, Mpundulu or rain bird is known as Ndadzi and Mheni, was historically used by the Venda people in battle striking their enemies and their enemies livestock with lighting bolts.
The Zimbabwe Ndebele people call Impundulu the lighting bird, Inyoni yezulu. Khokhovula also says it was a law that if the impundulu bird was found dead on the ground, it must be reported to the community elders immediately before wicked people steal its powers.
It is said that impundulu the rain bird may connect with the heat of the sun and possess an infinite heat of which people with negative powers mostly witches use to create a sun stroke and the lightning bolt.
Depending on the tribe and culture, some believe the hammerkop, secretary bird or eagle is the lightning bird or impundulu. Many superstitions revolve around these birds, harming its nests could bring about death, harming its eggs causes sickness and disease and if the birds fly over your house at night and calls out, a death in the home will soon follow.
A magic potion using the lighting birds' feathers will cause rain to stop or start. According to Khokhovula, if you want to intimidate someone by threatening a lighting bolt to cause havoc by impundulu the rain bird, you would say "Ngizokuyela eVenda ngiyokufunela umbane" meaning I will go to Venda to fetch the lightning to strike you.
Sangoma is a Southern African traditional healer fulfilling many roles in the community as a leader, seeing into the future, and assisting with physical, emotional and spiritual healings.


text:
Ульяновская военная авиационная школа пилотов — военное учебное заведение, готовившее лётчиков-истребителей и лётчиков-штурмовиков с 1931 по 1945 года. Дислоцировалась в городе Ульяновске.

История

17 августа 1931 года из Самары была передислоцирована авиашкола, которую переименовали в Ульяновскую краевую лётную школу.

Для размещения аэродрома была выделена территория около 250 га из состава земель колхоза «Родина Ильича» (с. Конно-Подгородная слобода), расположенных между московским трактом (ныне Московское шоссе) и рекой Свиягой. На аэродроме было построено здание командно-диспетчерского пункта (Московское шоссе, 53), два ангара для самолётов, водонапорная башня, водо-маслогрейка, мастерские, склад для горюче-смазочных материалов. Для размещения штаба и учебной части школы были выделены здания по улице Гимова дом № 1 (ныне музыкальное училище) и дом № 3 (бывший дом Шатрова, ныне Дворец бракосочетания) — под общежитие курсантов. Для проживания командного состава и преподавателей школы — здание дома № 1 по улице Ульянова. Торжественное открытие лётной школы состоялось 19 ноября 1931 года. Первый выпуск лётчиков состоялся в феврале 1933 года.

Самолётный парк Школы состоял из учебных самолётов У-2, УТ-1, УТ-2 с двигателями М-11 и боевых самолётов И-5 с двигателями М-22, И-15 «бис» с двигателем М-25 и разведчика Р-5 с двигателем М-17. Также были более старые — английский биплан «Avro 504», французская этажерка «Hanriot», голландский полутораплан Fokker D.XI.

Во второй половине декабря 1931 года в состав Ульяновской краевой школы пилотов перевели Пензенскую лётную школу.

15 апреля 1932 года в историческом здании (арх. Р. А. Гёдике)  на улице Набережной реки Свияга, открылся 1-й Всесоюзный авиационный техникум ЦС ОСОАВИАХИМа (ОАХ).

Приказом ЦС ОСОАВИАХИМа от 5 ноября 1933 года Ульяновская лётная школа и авиатехникум были преобразованы в Объединённую школу пилотов и авиатехников ОСОАВИАХИМа. Школа стала готовить инструкторов-лётчиков, инструкторов-авиатехников и инструкторов-лётчиков-парашютистов.
С 1937 года при школе были образованы курсы усовершенствования начсостава.

В 1937 году командиром учебного взвода в Ульяновскую лётно-техническую школу был назначен Петренко Василий Яковлевич, будущий Герой Советского Союза.

В 1938 году преобразована в Ульяновскую объединённую лётно-техническую школу ОСОАВИАХИМа СССР.

В 1938 году командование Школы оказало шефскую помощь в создании Ульяновского аэроклуба. Первым начальником стал летчик-инструктор Молчанов А. Ф. и начальник штаба — летчик Караганов С. А.

Постановлением Совета Народных Комиссаров СССР «О военно-воздушных силах Красной Армии» № 2265-977сс от 5 ноября 1940 года — Ульяновская лётная школа была передана в Наркомат обороны и переименована в Ульяновскую военную авиационную школу пилотов.

25 февраля 1941 года СНК СССР и ЦК ВКП(б) приняли постановление «О реорганизации авиационных сил Красной Армии», которым устанавливалась новая система подготовки лётного и технического состава, по которому подготовка лётчиков должна была осуществляться последовательно в трёх типах учебных заведений:
 Первой ступенью являлись военные школы первоначального обучения со сроком обучения в мирное время четыре и в военное — три месяца.
 Второй, в мирное — девять, в военное — шесть.
 Третья ступень — два года, в военное — один год.

Для Ульяновской школы пилотов в мирное время был установлен 9 месяцев, в военное — 6 месяцев.

3 марта 1941 года вышел приказ НКО № 080 «Об установлении системы подготовки и порядка комплектования вузов Военно-Воздушных Сил и улучшении качества подготовки лётного и технического состава», согласно которому УВАШП стала готовить лётчиков-истребителей на самолётах И-15 и И-16"бис", а с декабря 1941 года — лётчиков-истребителей-штурмовиков на самолёте Ил-2.

За время войны лётная школа выпустила 561-го пилота на самолётах И-15 и И-16 (1941—1942) и 319 лётчиков штурмовиков на самолёты Ил-2, из них — 58 Героев Советского Союза.

Осенью 1945 года школа в связи с сокращением Вооруженных сил была расформирована, вся учебно-материальная база была передана Ульяновскому аэроклубу Осоавиахима, который в 1960 году был перебазирован в посёлок Белый Ключ.

Начальники школы

 Богаенко (1931—1932),
 комиссар Константинов Георгий Иванович (с 9.1932—9.1937),
майор Веденин (1937—1940),
 полковник Урус Вольдемар Гансович (1940—1945);

Память
 В 1981 году в 1-й школе города Новоульяновск открылся музей УВАШП — «Люди легенд» (руководитель Морозова Елизавета Романовна).
 В марте 1984 года, на бывшем здании Командно-диспечерского пункта аэродрома УВАШП (Московское шоссе, 53), установлена мемориальная доска.
 19 ноября 2007 года была открыта мемориальная доска на здании, где располагалась школа.
 В 2012 году на Западном бульваре Ульяновска был открыт Памятник — Як-52, посвящённый выпускникам школы.
 9 мая 2015 года была открыта памятная доска на постаменте памятника.

Известные выпускники
На сегодняшний день известно о 56-ти Героях Советского Союза, одном Герое Российской Федерации и одном Герое Социалистического Труда, которые вышли из стен школы. Среди них:

 В школе учился философ Зиновьев Александр Александрович.
Хрущёв Леонид Никитович — советский военный лётчик, в 1938 году, при школе пилотов и авиатехников ОСОАВИАХИМа, окончил курсы усовершенствования командного состава ВВС.
В кружках школы ОСОАВИАХИМа занимался брат Николая Паничкина — Михаил.
Бубликов Фёдор Борисович — Герой Советского Союза, прошёл инструкторские курсы в УОШПА в 1935–1936 гг.
В 1946 году в школе учился Тихонов Михаил Иванович — Герой Советского Союза.

Факты
 В августе 1933 года в Ульяновске впервые состоялся авиационный парад.
 12 июля 1934 года Школу посетили первые Герои СССР: Водопьянов М. В., Доронин И. В., Ляпидевский А. В., Кренкель Э. Т., Бобров А. Н.
 Во время войны на средства колхозников «Родина Ильича» для выпускников школы были построены самолёты для двух эскадрилий — «Родина Ильича» и «Валериан Куйбышев».
 10 января 1945 года во время учебного полёта потерпел катастрофу самолёт, управляемый командиром отряда Борисовым М. А..

Галерея

См. также
 Категория:Выпускники Ульяновской военной авиационной школы пилотов

Примечания

Ссылки
 86 лет назад открылась краевая школа ОСОАВИАХИМа
 «Ульяновская лётная школа — её история и герои».
 «Объединённая школа пилотов и авиамехаников».
 Ульяновскому аэроклубу ДОСААФ исполняется 90 лет
 90 лет Ульяновской лётной школе.
 Покорители неба. С чего началась авиационная история Ульяновска
 Ульяновский аэроклуб ДОСААФ отмечает юбилей

Литература

 Ульяновская газета «Пролетарский путь», с 1931 по 1945 гг.
 Краеведческий журнал «Мономах», № 2 (86), 2015 г.
 А. С. Вотинцев, Г. Н. Федоров «В небе Ульяновска», Военгиз, 1935 г.
 О. М. Репьев «Учебные заведения Ульяновска. История возникновения», Приволжское книжное изд-во, 1969 г. — 441 с.
 Ульяновская авиационная энциклопедия / отв. ред. Т. Б. Качкина. — Ульяновск : НИИ экономики, истории и культуры Ульяновской области им. Н. М. Карамзина, 2017. — 360 с. : ил.

Военные учебные заведения СССР
Учебные заведения, основанные в 1931 году
Организации, закрытые в 1945 году
Ульяновская военная авиационная школа пилотов
Образование в Ульяновске


text:
Technology Profile: Oilsands producers are ramping up their pursuit of water-free processing
Don Horne June 3, 2015
Oilsands companies are spending billions of dollars in research and development to noticeably decrease their carbon emissions and dispel the "dirty oil" label affixed to bitumen-based crude oil producers. Much of that research focuses on improving the use of steam in SAGD (steam-assisted gravity drainage) and related steam-based processing. Not only is there a great deal of research taking place in that area, but various pilot projects all already underway.
The industry is also investing considerable resources into technology that eliminates the use of water, including the replacement of water with solvent and a less-conventional potential technology involving the use of electromagnetic heating. Imperial Oil Ltd. has been at the forefront of oilsands processing and has played a chief role in the development of technology that is now widely used in sector. The company invented and holds patents on SAGD and cyclic steam stimulation (CSS), two key processes used in heavy oil recovery production today.
SAGD technology consists of a pair of wells drilled horizontally about four to six metres underneath each other in a bitumen field. From a nearby boiler plant, steam is generated and piped to the wells. It flows into the top well, called the injection well, where the steam heats the surrounding bitumen, decreases its viscosity and allowing it to flow downward into the production well (gravity drainage). As the steam condenses into water coming into contact with the cold bitumen, the bitumen-water mixture is pumped to the surface where it's separated. The steam injection and oil production happen continuously and simultaneously. In CSS, high-pressure steam is injected into a single well for several weeks at a time.
As in SAGD, the steam heats and softens the bitumen, while the water helps to dilute and separate the bitumen from the sand. The softened bitumen and water is then pumped to the surface. One of Imperial's most successful water reduction projects is located at the company's Cold Lake, Alta., field where it piloted a steamflooding technology that promises to improve resource recovery and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by up to 30 per cent.
The Cold Lake in-situ operation is one of the largest thermal in-situ heavy oil operations in the world, recovering bitumen from more than 400 metres below the surface, notes Pius Rolheiser with Imperial Oil Public and Government Affairs. "It's a massive recycling operation where we inject more than 600,000 barrels of steam into the oilsands formation daily to thin the heavy bitumen enabling it to flow to the surface through well bores," says Rolheiser. "More than 95 per cent of the water used for the steam is recycled and re-injected. We started up commercial operation at that site in 1985. Since then, we've reduced the amount of fresh water used to produce each barrel of bitumen by 80 per cent." Rolheiser says the re-use of water in CSS is just one technique that Imperial is using to reduce the amount of water in its bitumen processing. "The two most critical factors determining the amount of reduction in water use are not only the treatment technologies for the recycled water, but also the methods to purify the brackish or saline water from deep aquifers at the well bore sites," he says. "It's two to three times the salinity of ocean 1ater and is not potable."
The brackish water is considered "make-up" water — that is, water added to make up for the water which remains in the reservoir during the recycling process. "At Cold Lake, we've developed a number of technologies to purify and soften the brackish water to make it suitable to run through our steam boilers. So our three major plants at Cold Lake no longer require any fresh water to generate steam and use only the recycled water (a smaller, older plant called Leming still requires some fresh water for steam injection.) That's because of our own advances in treatment and recycling by our Calgary research centre."
The move away from water The oilsands sector as a whole has, and is, exerting massive effort and resources toward reducing the amount of fresh water consumed for processing by using SAGD, steam flooding and cyclic steam stimulation, a variation of steam based processing. However, those methods have a downside: the amount of energy it takes to generate the steam by natural gas-fired boilers. According to Alberta Innovates — Energy and Environment Solutions, greenhouse gas emissions for SAGD projects produce about 0.06 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent per barrel of bitumen produced. This is why operators such as Imperial are searching for alternative technologies to increase water recycle rates while minimizing the amount of energy consumed in the water treatment process.
"The solvent technology that we call LASER, or liquid addition to steam to enhance recovery, adds a small of amount of light hydrocarbon solvent or diluent to the steam that's injected into the well," Rolheiser says. "By adding the diluent, more bitumen can be recovered from mature wells for the same amount of steam injected." In 2009, Imperial completed solvent and steam injection at 10 well pads, and bitumen production has since started. The technology was patented in 2010 and has been applied commercially for a number of new pads at Cold Lake. "This is still in the early stages, but production is meeting expectations," says Rolheiser. In the cyclic solvent process (CSP), meanwhile, steam is replaced by the injection of solvent to reduce the viscosity of the bitumen. Rolheiser says the use of solvent could be applied to both SAGD and steam-flooding methods and has several variations. "It's been proven successful in the research lab and on very small pilot scale," he says.
"Now we've started a $100-million pilot project this summer consisting of three wells at Cold Lake that we'll operate for a couple of years to evaluate the effectiveness of the technology — specifically, to evaluate factors like what percentage of solvent can be recycled in comparison to how much remains in the reservoir." If successful, CSP would virtually eliminate water because operators such as Imperial would be injecting only hydrocarbon solvent in liquid form. The only change required from steam injection would be some modification for the aboveground storage tanks, says Rolheiser. Otherwise, the basic technology could be applied to wells currently using steam technique, of which there are about 4,000 for Imperial. "CSP would eliminate the use of water completely from the equation and results in two major benefits," says Rolheiser. "First of all, we will not require any water; and secondly, since we don't have to heat any water to generate steam, the greenhouse gas reduction potential is enormous. We estimate that the direct GHG emissions could be reduced by 95 per cent."
Suncor Energy Inc. is similarly investing in the development of viable processing alternatives for use in the oilsands. The company began operating a pilot plant in spring 2014 at its Dover lease at the Athabasca oilsands area about 45 kilometres northeast of Fort McMurray, to field test Bitumen Extraction Solvent Technology (BEST), a proprietary technology developed by N-Solv Corp., which uses propane or butane in a SAGD-type setting. The solvents in BEST are able to dilute underground bitumen at temperatures below 80 C, greatly reducing the amount of energy (by up to 85 per cent) needed. The solvent is injected as a vapour, which condenses underground and dissolves the bitumen. The valuable components of the bitumen are extracted, while the coke-forming asphaltenes are safely sequestered in the reservoir. BEST incorporates the proven horizontal well technology developed for SAGD.
Yet because, a water treatment plant and boilers are not needed, capital costs and overall operating costs are substantially lower. In addition, the process produces a lighter, more valuable oil. In October 2014, N-Solv announced the pilot plant reached a milestone of 25,000 barrels of oil production since its start-up.
N-Solv is a Calgary-based company founded in 2003 and owned by Hatch Ltd., Enbridge Inc. and Nenniger Inc. The pilot is the result of collaboration between N-Solv Corp. and Suncor, with support from Sustainable Development Technology Canada and Alberta's Climate Change and Emissions Management Corp. N-Solv CEO Jon Nenniger points out that reaching 25,000 barrels of production not only demonstrates that the technology works, but that there were no significant interruptions along the way. He says N-Solv has been fielding requests for scaled-up projects, which are being reviewed on a reservoir by reservoir basis.
The BEST technique is not perfect, however. The vapour formed by heating the solvent has a low heat of vapourization, and therefore requires large volumes of solvent to be condensed during condensation to effectively raise the temperature of the bitumen. Dover is also the site for the testing of another innovative extraction technique known as Effective Solvent Extraction Incorporating Electromagnetic Heating (ESEIEH), a joint project between Suncor, Nexen Inc., Devon Canada Corp. and the developer of the technology, Harris Corp. of Melbourne, Fl. The $33-million program is supported by the Climate Change and Emissions Management Corp. The ESEIEH™ technology utilizes Harris's proven radio frequency system and antenna technologies, called HeatWave, to heat reservoir fluids. It operates much like a SAGD installation by using an injection well and a production well underneath.
The Heat Wave system consists of a generator and transmitter located on the surface along with a dipole antenna that is lowered into the injection well through the intermediate casing. The antennas are available in a variety of configurations, depending on the pay zone depth. The antenna transmits the low-frequency alternating electrical current (about one kHz to one GHz), which causes molecules in the surrounding pay zone to vibrate, inducing molecular friction, which generates heat (about 40 to 70 C). Once this preheating has taken place, a solvent is injected into the reservoir to dilute the bitumen, which flows downward into the production well and is transported to the surface — the same as in a SAGD process.
The Harris technology was first evaluated and tested in Florida. It then underwent a successful initial proof-of-concept test in 2012 at Suncor's Steepbank mine facility north of Fort McMurray with the approval of the Energy Resources Conservation Board (now known as Alberta Energy Regulator). That test took place at a shallow mine face where the antenna was inserted horizontally into the face. The test confirmed the ability to successfully generate and distribute electromagnetic heat in an oilsands formation. It also validated the analytical tools and methods used to predict the performance of the process. This led to the decision by the consortium to move to the next phase — an in situ field pilot test using a 200-metre horizontal well. That pilot is under construction, but a start-up date hasn't been announced.
While preliminary results are encouraging, consortium members emphasize additional work remains before the commercial viability of the process can be determined. Devon technology development manager Bryan Helfenbaum says the next field pilot will be a scaled-up version of the current pilot, eventually leading up to commercial deployment. "The scale of this pilot is quite large," Helfenbaum says, "A project on this scale can take a year and a half to design and build, plus a year or more of production before you can confirm you have a viable technology. Then, you can multiply development time for scaling up to commercial production." ESEIEH, BEST and CSP are only a sample of the many extraction technologies currently being explored. Many are being developed through the auspices of Canada's Oil Sands Innovation Alliance (COSIA).
The alliance formed in 2012 to speed up advances in environmentally improved extraction technologies through collaboration and the exchange of information in the areas of tailings, water, land and greenhouse gas emissions. Current COSIA members include BP Canada Energy Group ULC, Canadian Natural Resources Ltd., Cenovus Energy Inc., ConocoPhillips Canada Resources Corp., Devon, Imperial, Nexen Canada, Shell Canada Energy, Statoil Canada Ltd., Suncor, Syncrude Canada Ltd., Teck Resources Ltd and Total E & P Canada Ltd.
A major step to meet the objectives of COSIA members took place last summer with the announcement that Suncor and five industry partners (Canadian Natural, Devon, Husky, Nexen and Shell) had committed an estimated $165 million toward the construction of a dedicated Water Technology Development Centre (WTDC). The WTDC will focus on developing technologies that will be capable of minimizing fresh water use and maximizing reliability for SAGD production. The test centre is unique in that it will be physically joined to Suncor's Firebag SAGD facility, located about 120 kilometres north of Fort McMurray, As a dedicated test facility, the centre is expected to overcome the barriers that are common to field testing at commercial production facilities, which are not typically designed to accommodate simultaneous testing of water treatment technologies. It should reduce the eight years it now typically takes for a technology to go through the field test process to commercial application.
Suncor will own, construct and operate the WTDC while collaborating with the other partners on design, construction and operations — including specific tests.
Ernest Granson is a Calgary-based writer and editor, and a contributor to PROCESSWest.
Pipeline supporters roll into Ottawa
Attempted theft of copper wire results in leak at oil field site
All eyes on Ottawa after NEB recommends pipeline approval
The Energy Sector: The ripple effect of cheap oil
Pulp & Paper: Mechanical pulp sludge


The Cub Scouts meet at the Nazarene Fellowship Hall on Monday's at 6:00 P.M. They are led by Andrea Oyler! You can contact her at andrea.oyler@yahoo.com!
The Boy Scouts meet at the Nazarene Fellowship Hall on Tuesday's at 6:00 P.M. They are led by Eric Barber! You can contact him at ericbarber@alonusa.com!


text:
Der Schrotbock (Rhagium inquisitor), auch als Kleiner (Kiefer)zangenbock oder Spürender Zangenbock bekannt, ist eine Art aus der Familie der Bockkäfer (Cerambycidae). Er ist holarktisch im nördlichen Eurasien und in Nordamerika verbreitet.

Merkmale
Schrotböcke werden etwa 10 bis 20 Millimeter lang. Der Chitin-Panzer hat eine schwarze Grundfarbe und zwei undeutliche helle Querbinden. Neben den Querbinden ist der gesamte Körper dicht mit gelbgrauen Haaren bedeckt, so dass von dem Schwarz nur auf den Flügeldecken in Form von mehr oder weniger regelmäßigen schwarzen Flecken zu sehen ist. Der Körper ist länglich gestreckt. Der Thorax ist recht schmal, während der Kopf nach vorne gestreckt ist. Auch die kurzen Fühler stehen vom Kopf gerade nach vorn ab.

Vorkommen
Der Schrotbock hat eine holarktische Verbreitung und ist entsprechend im nördlichen Eurasien und in Nordamerika anzutreffen. Die Käfer sind in Europa, Sibirien, Nordamerika und im Kaukasus weit verbreitet. Sie sind in Nadelwäldern anzutreffen.

Lebensweise
Die tagaktiven Tiere findet man meist in der Nähe ihrer Nahrung, die aus Blütenteilen und Baumharz besteht. Die Larven leben unter der Rinde von Nadelbäumen. Nach zwei Jahren verpuppen sie sich in einer Puppenwiege. Der Käfer schlüpft im Herbst und überwintert gleich im Holz, teilweise geschützt durch das Anti-Frost-Protein RiAFP. Im nächsten Frühling kommt dann der Käfer zum Vorschein, sie sind von April bis August anzutreffen.

Systematik
Der Schrotbock wurde 1758 von Carl von Linné wissenschaftlich beschrieben.

In Europa kommen zwei Unterarten vor, von denen Rhagium inquisitor cedri in Spanien und Nordafrika beheimatet ist.
 Rhagium inquisitor inquisitor (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Rhagium inquisitor cedri Reymond 1954

Belege

Weblinks

Schmalböcke
Wikipedia:Artikel mit Video


Just one graph: does the stock market rise because of the rise in total debt?
« Chinese monetary policy – how does it work?
The more important question is: does the economy grow because of the rise in total debt? Does economy fall with fall of total debt?
Read Steve Keen on that too. Answer is yes. Very, very important. But how to talk about money, banks an debt when classicals are concerned only about goods and services?
"Money, money, money, money makes the world goes around!" Was Liza Minnely more correct then the whole generations of economists?


text:
Q: bash: Is there a way to invoke bind commands (e.g. redraw-current-line) programmatically? I've come across a number of explanations on how to map redraw-current-line to a keystroke using bind, but I would like to redraw the prompt for other reasons (e.g. timer, background job), without the user entering a keystroke. I assumed this would be easy but I can't find anything. Thanks!

A: I had the same problem but I haven't found anything satisfactory, so here are some workarounds.
${PS1@P}
In newer bash versions you can just print the prompt yourself with echo "${PS1@P}". The ${var@P} form of variable expansions means to expand prompt escapes inside a variable.
kill -WINCH "$$"
Another trick that you may try is to kill your shell with SIGWINCH. That will cause readline to redraw the prompt. Example:
$ (sleep 2; echo foo; sleep 2; kill -WINCH "$$") &
[1] 2295
<immediately press l and s; the "foo" text will mess up the current line>
$ lsfoo
<after 1s the prompt is redrawn again without the parasitic text>
$ ls

ioctl(TIOCSTI)
Yet another trick is bind some unused key to redraw-current-line as usual, and then simulate that key with the TIOCSTI ioctl (it still works without extra privileges on the current tty in Linux). But you would need either C, perl, python, etc for that:
$ bind '"\xff": redraw-current-line'
$ redraw_current_line(){ perl -e 'ioctl STDIN, 0x5412, $x = "\xff"' </dev/tty; }
$ (sleep 2; echo foo; sleep 2; redraw_current_line) &
.... same as in SIGWINCH example ...

This last trick is Linux-only; the ioctl number for TIOCSTI on other system that may support it is different.

Note: if someone thinks that I should require "sys/ioctl.h" instead of hardwiring the ioctl number: No, I should not. Even if it works by chance in this case, perl's h2ph is børked, and the .ph files should not be used:
$ perl -e 'require "sys/ioctl.ph"; printf "%x\n", TIOCGPTN()'
80005430
$ cc -include stdio.h -include sys/ioctl.h -xc - \
   <<<'int main(){printf("%lx\n",TIOCGPTN);}' -o /tmp/foo && /tmp/foo
80045430

Notice the extra bit on the real thing: 80045430 != 80005430


text:
Arthur Hill pushes, but Saginaw High pulls away for district win
By Hugh Bernreuter | hbernreu@mlive.com | Posted February 27, 2019 at 10:45 PM | Updated February 28, 2019 at 06:50 AM
Saginaw High players celebrating their win against Arthur Hill after their districts game on Wednesday, Feb. 27, 2019 at Heritage High School. (Rachel Ellis | MLive)
SAGINAW, MI – One team won the game, but the other team went home with enough respect to carry over into next season.
Saginaw High beat Arthur Hill in the Division 1 boys basketball district semifinals Wednesday at Heritage, but it was the Lumberjacks who walked home with a little extra bounce in their step.
The Trojans, who beat Arthur Hill by 21 and 16 points during two regular-season games, found themselves tied at halftime before rallying in the second half for a 74-63 win.
Statewide boys district semifinal scores
Photo gallery from Heritage Division 1 district semifinals
"Maybe we were overconfident because of the first two games," Saginaw High senior Tevan Blackmon said. "We came out slow. We knew we had to be more aggressive on defense and offense in the second half."
Saginaw High takes a 19-3 record into Friday's 6 p.m. Division 1 championship game at Heritage, facing the Hawks. Heritage knocked off Flushing, 54-35, in Wednesday's other semifinal game.
"We didn't do anything different than the first two times we played, other than practice and preparation," Arthur Hill coach Tony Davis said. "We have such a young team. It felt good to show the progress we've made this season. It was important to show that progress for next season."
Blackmon scored 10 points in the third quarter to give the Trojans some breathing room, but Saginaw High still had trouble shaking Arthur Hill.


text:
Q: Listbox in CustomMessageBox always scrolls up I've got a weird problem with a listbox, which is placed in a custommessagebox.
Problem: You can't scroll down the list, because a "draggesture" up does the same thing than down. So the only thing I got is the respond-animation when your at the top of the list.
I made a little sample:
<!--LayoutRoot is the root grid where all page content is placed-->
<Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot" Background="Transparent">
    <Grid.RowDefinitions>
        <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
        <RowDefinition Height="*"/>
    </Grid.RowDefinitions>

    <!--TitlePanel contains the name of the application and page title-->
    <StackPanel x:Name="TitlePanel" Grid.Row="0" Margin="12,17,0,28">
        <TextBlock Text="MY APPLICATION" Style="{StaticResource PhoneTextNormalStyle}" Margin="12,0"/>
        <TextBlock Text="page name" Margin="9,-7,0,0" Style="{StaticResource PhoneTextTitle1Style}"/>
    </StackPanel>

    <!--ContentPanel - place additional content here-->
    <Grid x:Name="ContentPanel" Grid.Row="1" Margin="12,0,12,0">

        <Button Background="Bisque" Content="Click Me" Click="Button_Click"></Button>

    </Grid>
</Grid>

public partial class MainPage : PhoneApplicationPage
{
    // Constructor
    public MainPage()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
    }

    private void Button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
    {
        var source = new string[200];

        for (int i = 0; i < source.Length; i++)
        {
            source[i] = i.ToString();
        }

        var dialog = new CustomMessageBox()
        {
            Content = new ListBox(){ItemsSource = source},
            RightButtonContent = "Cancel",
            LeftButtonContent = "Store",
            VerticalContentAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Center,
            VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Center,
            Background = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Black),
            HorizontalContentAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Center,
            HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Center
        };

        dialog.Show();
    }
}

And here is the link, if you wanna download it:
https://onedrive.live.com/redir?resid=6B27FD720F1FB58D!15988&authkey=!ACG5krcfzsoBxA8&ithint=folder%2csln
Does anyone has an idea whats going wrong?
Thx for any help.

A: There is a simple fix for that.. Add a Height to the ListBox. Like this.
var dialog = new CustomMessageBox()
{
    Content = new ListBox(){ItemsSource = source, Height = 800},
    RightButtonContent = "Cancel",
    LeftButtonContent = "Store",
    VerticalContentAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Top, // Change to Top
    VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Top, // Change to Top
    Background = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Black),
    HorizontalContentAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Center,
    HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Center
};

Change the VerticalContentAlignment and VerticalAlignment to Top so when you set the Height value less than 800 the content is aligned to the top.

A: just you need to add height for listbox as :
Content = new ListBox(){ItemsSource = source,Height=800}

A: I do not recommend setting the height, as Daniel Z mentioned you'll lose adaptive design. I managed a better workaround and it worked perfectly for me without setting the height to a static value.
Put the content of the CustomMessageBox in a UserControl. Suppose the xaml content of this control looks like this
<Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot" Background="{StaticResource PhoneBackgroundBrush}">
        <!-- your listbox and content here -->
</Grid>

in the code behind, implement the loaded event:
public UserControl1()
{
    InitializeComponent();
    this.Loaded += UserControl1_Loaded;
}

void UserControl1_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
    LayoutRoot.Height = (this.Parent as CustomMessageBox).ActualHeight;
}

By setting the height of the grid, your listbox will automatically adjust its height to fit in. Hope it helps.


Welcome to the new Victorious Choir Robes shopping cart. We currently have Choir Robes, Judicial Robes, Pulpit Robes, Baptismal Robes, Garment Bags, Dresses, Choir Stoles and Pulpit Stoles available for sale online, and soon all of our church products including Cassock Robes, Surplices, Paraments, Vestments, Accessories, Church Attire and other products will be available in our Victorious Robes shopping cart.
To see our Custom Choir Robes, Custom Pulpit Robes and other products that are not yet included in the online store, please visit our main site.


text:
Beyond The Blue
© 2019 Amour Geneve LLC
~ The story beyond the blue~
"Amour Genève is more than a brand.
It is a story of tragedy and triumph that resonates with the masses."
~Coviello Salinès
Throughout my childhood, my father had a special connection with all shades of blue:
from the tint of navy blue in the lenses of his eyeglasses, to his sky-blue driving gloves.
He was also an avid collector of many precious blue pieces of jewelry.
They ranged from turquoise and topaz bracelets all the way down to the blue historical artifacts he would collect abroad while on military deployment.
All of these items complemented his rich and colorful personality.
Upon his tragic departure, many of these precious heirlooms were lost and never found.
Finding a way to express my father's unique sense and expression of blue to the world
became my dream and then our mission.
It's been quite an adventure. We've become very cognizant of how others have failed in many ways. Nonetheless, we persisted in finding a way to produce a truly natural, organic, and delightful blend of nature, science, and taste. A wine which matures throughout a natural fermentation and aging cycle, while retaining its transfixing color and also fully satisfying all the requirements of the FDA, TTB, and European Union.
With these institutional approvals, patents on our process and formula, and now growing acclaim, the dream has become reality.


text:
Scott Walker On World Cafe
XPN
Scott Walker.
Scott Walker possesses one of the greatest and most distinctive voices of the last quarter-century. To the pop world, he's best known for his work with The Walker Brothers in the 1960s. For a time, Walker's stardom rivaled that of The Beatles — and even then, he pushed the envelope and shaped a sound that interested him. His music is personal, complex and inventive, always presenting sounds and forms that haven't been heard before. Lyrically, Walker can be dark yet caustically funny, obscure but always completely thought out.
Here, he speaks with World Cafe host David Dye about terrifying his musicians with machetes on his latest record, Bish Bosch, as well as why he never listens to his old material and the "giant in a general's toilet" of "Zercon."
DAVID DYE: Can I talk about your voice a little bit to begin with? It is so unique, attractive, and I wonder how you related to it to begin with and now?
SCOTT WALKER: Well, I didn't start off that way. I was a musician in Hollywood. I was a bass player and I was working clubs and things, and the Walker Brothers got a deal. And John [Walker] really was the main singer, and then they had a ballad that they wanted sung. And I was the guy that could do that, and that's when it all started. Quite innocent, really.
As you've gotten older, I've noticed on Bish Bosch and a number of your recordings, you're using more of a tenor register. Do you have to kind of get it into shape for each project?
Well, yes, but I mean, I don't do a lot of that. I'm not a trained singer. So I'll do a little singing before I go in, if I know I've got a big job like this. And I'll sing at home a bit just to see if it's still working. Because there are long stretches of time where I don't sing at all, where I'm just doing instrumental stuff for a ballet or a dance or whatever.
But, basically, a lot of the pitching of the voice is about the material. If the material is calling ... for the voice to be placed in a certain way, then it will be. For instance, I always say this with the lyric and I put a lot of stress on the lyric, getting that right. So many times in the songs, you have different characters. Now, I don't want to be welded to an acting kind of thing. I just want to give you a flavor of the kind of situation that character's in. And these particular characters on this album, and maybe the last one, are not in kind of tranquil situations. So I'm really trying to place the voice where it's going to be appropriate for that song.
A lot of the singing on Bish Bosch, because of the characters, is kind of aggressive. Do you worry about over-emoting? Does that ever enter your mind?
Well, no. I mean, I said in the last album, I remember doing an interview saying I want to keep it as neutral as possible. But with this, you couldn't. You had to engage more. There was a lot of stressing to be done. I don't worry too much about it, no. Maybe one day I'll regret it, but we'll see.
You've not been terribly, terribly prolific, shall we say, because it's been five years since The Drift. So tell me a little bit about the process of recording Bish Bosch and the period of time it takes.
Well, how it works is that after I spend this time on the lyrics, I will start putting it to music. Of course it's not the kind of music you can sit and strum a guitar to — or, you know, a straight piano part — so I start virtually arranging it on a keyboard with a very limited set of presets. I start shaping it out. So, with this limited set of presets, I realize I can make a little noise and say, "Well, that's going to be this. When I get into the studio with the real equipment and the right stuff and the people around me, this is what this is going to sound like." So I'm bringing sketches. So basically, about 70 percent of it is done. And then 30 percent of it is accidents and things that I'm hoping to get in the studio from the musicians and things like that. So it's pretty much complete in my head, but it's just a question of getting them to do it.
Yeah, I wanted to comment about that, because you must have incredible communication with these people, because a lot of your ideas seem unorthodox. For instance, on "Tar," the sound of the swords being drawn together for the percussion. Is it easy for you to communicate with these people? Is that why they are a part of your group?
It's easier. I mean — I can pretty — that's not a great example. These are machetes that are making that noise. I mean, normally, like I said, I can drive a herd of cattle through the studio now and they wouldn't blink an eye, you know. It's like, with machetes, when I brought these machetes in, everyone really panicked. I don't know what they were thinking, but I thought, "Well, of all the things we've done in the studio, why are you concerned about this?" We had to do it. I had to be able to get them out — the machetes out — that very day because it was worrying too many people, you know. So, these were big — we're talking about things with blades that were, oh, I don't know, three or four feet long. I mean, these were big.
Has your creative process changed through the span of Tilt and Drift and this new album? You just seem so intent on not repeating yourself — on doing, how should I put it, on doing things that have not been heard before. Do you start over creatively each time, or do you build from one album to another?
Well, no. One of the things I don't do is ever listen to anything once I've done it. Because, first of all, the reason for that mainly is that I've had to write it, I've had to produce it, I've had to virtually arrange the parts and then mix it. And you're absolutely thrashed by the end of that because, you know, it isn't easy in the first place. So I want to put it behind me. So I don't listen again and I move on. So I've forgotten virtually what I've done before. So I just, of course, it's in the style that we've achieved. That's not an appropriate word totally, but you know what I mean. The style we've managed to achieve over these few records has changed, I imagine. But we have achieved a kind of perimeters where we've worked. But that will probably have to change now, because that was kind of a trilogy, these things we've done. So we'll see what happens next.
You've talked about how this all begins with the lyric writing, and I'd love to talk a little bit about your approach to lyric writing. I think I understand you say that you kind of write lyrics in clumps, does that make sense?
Well, it's only, especially if you're constructing a big song like the main song on the album, ["SDSS14+13B (Zercon, A Flagpole Sitter)"]. It's a waiting game, and you just have to be very patient. So, often it will come in chunks and then mysteriously, of course, like all these things happen, when you're absorbed, when you're totally absorbed, something thrilling will happen — that you don't know how you got there.
But I think what you mean, maybe, is that a lot of the times when you're looking at the lyric on the page, it's very black-and-white. They kind of stand out. I used to describe the look of lyrics on a page to me as kind of soldiers on a field. I can move these soldiers around. It sounds quite mysterious, but if you see it on the page... So I think the music kind of reflects that. It does happen in chunks sometimes.
Many of the subjects on this album and in the past are historical. On a very basic level, how do you decide what to write about?
Well, the historical things — I mean, the thing I always say is, "Look, I'm not welded to historical fact. They're just a kind of ramp that I can get started to play with the ideas from."
I mean, I was very lucky with the idea of "Zercon," because I was wandering around. I have a friend who's got an enormous library, and he lets me wander around in it, get lost in it at night. And I happened to open a page, and there was this one page on this character. And I thought, "What a fantastic character." And I was so surprised no one had found it before, written a play about him or anything.
I got this idea that, of course he was a comedian, so at the beginning of the song, you have these big gaps of silence. He's being heckled by silence. And he's feeling guilty because, well, silence, of course, is where everything starts from. And the song moves in, and he wants to escape Atilla's wooden palace, which has become a kind of toilet to him. So he's kind of a giant in a general's toilet. So there's these insults that would be placed on a wall. And because of the time it's placed at, at least in the beginning anyway, there's these phone numbers in roman numerals. I'm just playing around there and, of course, he reaches various stages of height as he goes along.
He's a man who has a calling. The calling, he wants to reach a kind of sovereignty — a spiritual sovereignty that has no bottom or top. So he's trying to take off from different levels of height throughout the song. Of course, in the end, he fails completely and becomes a dwarfed star and burns out.
When did that begin for you, the playing with the language and the importance of these lyrics? Because the more I spend time with Bish Bosch, the more I understand how everything is driven by this.
Yes, well, it probably started around the time of — the last Walker Brothers album we made was called Nite Flights. And I probably got the germ of it there. And I've just kind of carried it on from there, you know, and sort of widened it out, and it's reached this point now. It's the point of no return.
You talk about not listening back to your records. I'm wondering if the early days were financially successful enough to kind of fund as you've been continuing. How do you look back on that success?
Well, it was a big success in kind of every way. And not a lot of people, as you know from rock legend, have wound up with a lot of the money. But, you know, I've managed to duck and dive a bit. And I was fortunate to be able to pick up work and stuff as I went along, so I'm okay.
Now, you don't perform. And I'm interested in why.
Well, I stopped, really back in the '70s. I could never ever get — because in those days, sound was still quite primitive. I mean, today it would probably be quite easy. But I could never get the sound right, or the players I wanted, or the conditions I wanted. And it became very frustrating, and it made me very nervous. So I decided I wouldn't put myself through that. But I'm always getting pressure to do it every year. Every time I sit down to write a record, I do have that in mind. But my imagination takes over, and suddenly I've got a cast of thousands, and no promoter is going to do that. And it's the hard thing and, you know, it becomes another nightmare in another way. So with good intentions, I'll sit down and start again and see if I can keep everything down. And maybe I will do — if I can get the right record — do some gigs.
So stage fright is not a part of that question?
Well, it might be. I haven't been on there, we'll see. I haven't been out there for a while, it might be. But right now, I'm not feeling it, because at least I'd have sound on my side, you know. Everything would sound decent to me, and I'm a stickler for that.
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