text:
24 January, 2016 00:00 00 AM
An earthquake can be catastrophic for Bangladesh
We shudder to think about the cataclysmic effect an earthquake might have in Dhaka or other densely populated cities. Dhaka will be reduced to rubble and may become literally uninhabitable
SYED MEHDI MOMIN
On January 4, very early in the morning, millions of people in the capital and other places of the country woke up as the earth beneath them vibrated violently sending shockwaves of panic among them. Many left their homes and rushed to the streets within minutes of realising that an earthquake of a potential serious nature had hit the city. The strong 6.7 magnitude earthquake struck at 5:05am and according to the US Geological Survey its epicentre lay 29 kilometres west of Imphal, in India's northeastern state of Manipur and 352 kilometres east-northeast of Dhaka. Not a great distance by any means. A 6.7 Richter scale earthquake while strong will not cause real devastation. However those who experienced it will not forget the experience anytime soon either. As many as five persons died in Dhaka during the panic rush to break out of homes after the earthquake. Many others, injured in the panic rush, had to be admitted to various hospitals and other health facilities.
On a lighter note people began to post status on Facebook that they had felt the tremors. This writer noticed the statuses were coming from all over the country. Some of the people on my list live in various parts of India including Kolkata and Delhi. They too wrote that they felt strong shockwave just minutes ago. It did not take one long to realise that the country narrowly escaped what could have been a major disaster. As one continued scrolling on Facebook to see how other people have been, I couldn't help but notice the jocular tone in some people's statuses. Some people wrote "Earthquake" and added "Feeling Awesome" to their status. Some added "scared" but their tone in the status felt like it was a joke. There were some statuses where they were making fun of people who rushed outside of their residences during the earthquake.
While the country escaped serious damages this time around, it may not be the case every time in the future. At a workshop in the city last year speakers said that 70,000 or more buildings will collapse in the capital in case of an earthquake measuring seven on the Richter scale. This will obviously lead to a major human tragedy the likes of which the country has rarely experienced.
We all remember the Rana Plaza tragedy of 2013 where an eight-storey commercial building collapsed. The death toll was more than a thousand. And it took three weeks to carry out the salvage operations. We are talking about just one building here. If despite the wholehearted efforts of the fire brigade, soldiers and volunteers there were so many casualties we shudder to think about the cataclysmic effect an earthquake might have in Dhaka or other densely populated cities. Dhaka will be reduced to rubble and become literally uninhabitable if a major earthquake occurs anytime soon.
Are the authorities prepared to face that eventuality? All evidence suggests that the government's preparedness is quite inadequate to face any earthquake,
Bangladesh has a long history of earthquakes. In 1762, a major earthquake caused the submergence of 150 square kilometers of land, and killed 500 people in Dhaka, then only a small town. Between 1850 and 1950, there have been another 7 significant earthquake in the region, ranging in magnitude from 7.0 to 8.7 on the Richter scale. Since the last significant earthquake, Bangladesh has changed quite significantly. The greater Dhaka area has a population of over 15 millions. A study conducted a few years ago predicted over 120,000 casualties in Dhaka due to a 7.5M earthquake. Unfortunately, it usually takes an earthquake disaster to shift the politics of seismic risk, through the catastrophic demonstration of the extreme vulnerability of buildings.
The threat of an earthquake is very real as Dhaka ranks among 20 cities vulnerable to earthquake. Dr Syed Humayun Akhter, Professor and Chairman of Department of Geology at Dhaka University said while speaking to a local newspaper said that earthquakes and tremors depend on a lot of factors such as the proximity of the epicenter to Bangladesh. The country's position is adjacent to the very active Himalayan front in the north and Burma deformation front in the east expose it to strong shaking from a variety of earthquake sources that can produce tremors of magnitude 8 or greater. There are epicenters very close to Bangladesh so this is a high risk area. It also depends on the proneness of a certain area to earthquake damage. The more the earth shakes, the more destruction there will be. Then there's the population density which is extremely high. There's a lack of education, awareness and preventive measures. Urban planning is poor, there aren't open spaces to seek shelter in, and hospitals are ill-equipped. All these factors combined heighten the risk. Dhaka is one of the riskiest cities for earthquakes in the world.
The earthquake record suggests that since 1900 more than 100 moderate to large earthquakes have occurred in Bangladesh, out of which more than 65 occurred after 1960. This brings to light an increased frequency of earthquakes in the last 30 years. This increase in earthquake activity is an indication of fresh tectonic activity or propagation of fractures from the adjacent seismic zones. The present generation of people in Bangladesh hasn't witnessed any major earthquake. As a result the population has been generally complacent about the risk of earthquakes
Dhaka, located in the central region of Bangladesh, could be affected by a serious earthquake as there are active faults near the city. This was realized during the 19 December 2001 magnitude 4+ Dhaka earthquake that caused panic among many city residents. The epicenter was very close to Dhaka city. The location of a probable earthquake source so near Dhaka with the probable serious earthquake magnitude needs to be further investigated.
As stated earlier people in general lack knowledge about earthquakes and have little idea about they have to do during earthquake. Reports show that a significant number of the skyscrapers of the Dhaka City are unplanned and foundations of the majority of buildings are sub-standard. Dhaka in particular and the urban areas in general are spreading at a rapid and unplanned rate. This obviously leads to vulnerability to seismic events because service delivery is not keeping pace with the growth.
Ground rupture is the main result of an earthquake strike. Shaking of ground causes severe damage to the buildings or other structures on the ground including houses etc. Shaking of ground at a particular place depends upon the distance of that place from the epicenter. Severe shaking of ground causes destruction of all the buildings of a city and many people die by burring into the building materials. It can't be avoided because earthquakes strike a place all of a sudden. So this shaking of ground compels construction engineering to develop buildings which are resistive to the strikes of earthquakes.
Earthquakes cause landslides and may claim many lives at the effected zone. Erthquakes cause breakdown of electrical or gas supply lines which may lead to incidents of fires. Water lines also got ruptured and decreased pressure makes it impossible to control the spread of fire. In earthquake of San Francisco in 1906, more deaths happened because of fire as compared to earthquake itself.
When severe shaking occur then soil or sand loses their strength for a temporary period and gets converted from solid to liquid. This liquefaction causes sinking of buildings, bridges etc.
When epicenter of an earthquake is located near sea, then the travelling of seismic waves below the sea causes generation of tsunami waves, which can travel at a speed of 600-800 kilometres per hour. Sometimes when earthquake triggered landslides fall into sea, it also leads to the creation of Tsunami waves.
Scientists have been upgrading a network of seismometers that registers tiny tremors far below. This allows them to better map active faults buried under as much as 12 miles of sand and mud laid down by the mighty rivers that drain the Himalayas. Seismologists in Bangladesh, as part of a project on earthquakes have drilled some 250 wells near riverbeds to take sediment samples. These, they hope, will reveal the scope and timing of past earthquakes and river-course shifts that may have wiped out large swaths of countryside–though at times when population and infrastructure were far less dense. The goal is to give Bangladeshi scientists and leaders the tools they need to understand, and minimize. Unfortunately until now it is well nigh impossible to predict earthquakes and these cannot be prevented from occurring. However different measures can be taken to ensure prompt and best possible rescue effort. Building code and rules must be applicable for all construction work done by both public and private organisations. Currently, buildings that are in accordance with the National Building Code are able to withstand earthquakes of the magnitude of seven on the Richter scale. The government should implement awareness development programmes. Earthquake shelters should be built. Specially needed are squads of well trained persons in good number from the civil and military forces, plus volunteers, who can be mobilised and put into service--immediately-- to make good use of their expert training in a post earthquake situation. After some recently experienced tremors, government will be expected to complete such preparations within the shortest time frame. It must not be addressed with the usual bureaucratic lethargy. This task must be addressed with the great seriousness and urgency it deserves.
Perhaps, the Ministry of Disaster Preparedness can be the coordinating and central point of this mechanism in liaison with the ministry of defence, the armed forces, fire brigade, civil defence and other institutions.
In many homes or apartment, there is still no awareness that power and gas connections must be turned off the moment an earthquake is sensed because fires from the damaged transmission lines of the two sources can very seriously hazard even rescue operations after an earthquake
Bangladesh is internationally recognised for its proactive programmes aimed at addressing the risk of cyclone and flood. The country has achieved much in cyclone preparedness and flood management leading to saved lives, reduced economic loss, and protection of development gains. Consequently Bangladesh is often cited as an example of disaster risk management internationally. Unfortunately earthquake disaster preparedness is far from satisfactory. If the country is to avert a human tragedy of epic proportions the time to act is now.
The writer is Assistant Editor of The Independent and can be contacted at: syed.mehdi@theindependentbd.com
On January 4, very early in the morning, millions of people in the capital and other places of the country woke up as the earth beneath them vibrated violently sending shockwaves of panic among them. Many left their homes and rushed to the streets within minutes of realising that an earthquake of a potential serious nature had hit the city. The strong 6.7 magnitude earthquake struck at 5:05am and according to the US Geological Survey its epicentre lay 29 kilometres west of Imphal, in Indias northeastern state of Manipur and 352 kilometres east-northeast of Dhaka. Not a great distance by any means. A 6.7 Richter scale earthquake while strong will not cause real devastation. However those who experienced it will not forget the experience anytime soon either. As many as five persons died in Dhaka during the panic rush to break out of homes after the earthquake. Many others, injured in the panic rush, had to be admitted to various hospitals and other health facilities. On a lighter note people began to post status on Facebook that they had felt the tremors. This writer noticed the statuses were coming from all over the country. Some of the people on my list live in various parts of India including Kolkata and Delhi. They too wrote that they felt strong shockwave just minutes ago. It did not take one long to realise that the country narrowly escaped what could have been a major disaster. As one continued scrolling on Facebook to see how other people have been, I couldnt help but notice the jocular tone in some peoples statuses. Some people wrote Earthquake and added Feeling Awesome to their status. Some added scared but their tone in the status felt like it was a joke. There were some statuses where they were making fun of people who rushed outside of their residences during the earthquake. While the country escaped serious damages this time around, it may not be the case every time in the future. At a workshop in the city last year speakers said that 70,000 or more buildings will collapse in the capital in case of an earthquake measuring seven on the Richter scale. This will obviously lead to a major human tragedy the likes of which the country has rarely experienced. We all remember the Rana Plaza tragedy of 2013 where an eight-storey commercial building collapsed. The death toll was more than a thousand. And it took three weeks to carry out the salvage operations. We are talking about just one building here. If despite the wholehearted efforts of the fire brigade, soldiers and volunteers there were so many casualties we shudder to think about the cataclysmic effect an earthquake might have in Dhaka or other densely populated cities. Dhaka will be reduced to rubble and become literally uninhabitable if a major earthquake occurs anytime soon. Are the authorities prepared to face that eventuality? All evidence suggests that the governments preparedness is quite inadequate to face any earthquake, Bangladesh has a long history of earthquakes. In 1762, a major earthquake caused the submergence of 150 square kilometers of land, and killed 500 people in Dhaka, then only a small town. Between 1850 and 1950, there have been another 7 significant earthquake in the region, ranging in magnitude from 7.0 to 8.7 on the Richter scale. Since the last significant earthquake, Bangladesh has changed quite significantly. The greater Dhaka area has a population of over 15 millions. A study conducted a few years ago predicted over 120,000 casualties in Dhaka due to a 7.5M earthquake. Unfortunately, it usually takes an earthquake disaster to shift the politics of seismic risk, through the catastrophic demonstration of the extreme vulnerability of buildings. The threat of an earthquake is very real as Dhaka ranks among 20 cities vulnerable to earthquake. Dr Syed Humayun Akhter, Professor and Chairman of Department of Geology at Dhaka University said while speaking to a local newspaper said that earthquakes and tremors depend on a lot of factors such as the proximity of the epicenter to Bangladesh. The countrys position is adjacent to the very active Himalayan front in the north and Burma deformation front in the east expose it to strong shaking from a variety of earthquake sources that can produce tremors of magnitude 8 or greater. There are epicenters very close to Bangladesh so this is a high risk area. It also depends on the proneness of a certain area to earthquake damage. The more the earth shakes, the more destruction there will be. Then theres the population density which is extremely high. Theres a lack of education, awareness and preventive measures. Urban planning is poor, there arent open spaces to seek shelter in, and hospitals are ill-equipped. All these factors combined heighten the risk. Dhaka is one of the riskiest cities for earthquakes in the world. The earthquake record suggests that since 1900 more than 100 moderate to large earthquakes have occurred in Bangladesh, out of which more than 65 occurred after 1960. This brings to light an increased frequency of earthquakes in the last 30 years. This increase in earthquake activity is an indication of fresh tectonic activity or propagation of fractures from the adjacent seismic zones. The present generation of people in Bangladesh hasnt witnessed any major earthquake. As a result the population has been generally complacent about the risk of earthquakes Dhaka, located in the central region of Bangladesh, could be affected by a serious earthquake as there are active faults near the city. This was realized during the 19 December 2001 magnitude 4+ Dhaka earthquake that caused panic among many city residents. The epicenter was very close to Dhaka city. The location of a probable earthquake source so near Dhaka with the probable serious earthquake magnitude needs to be further investigated. As stated earlier people in general lack knowledge about earthquakes and have little idea about they have to do during earthquake. Reports show that a significant number of the skyscrapers of the Dhaka City are unplanned and foundations of the majority of buildings are sub-standard. Dhaka in particular and the urban areas in general are spreading at a rapid and unplanned rate. This obviously leads to vulnerability to seismic events because service delivery is not keeping pace with the growth. Ground rupture is the main result of an earthquake strike. Shaking of ground causes severe damage to the buildings or other structures on the ground including houses etc. Shaking of ground at a particular place depends upon the distance of that place from the epicenter. Severe shaking of ground causes destruction of all the buildings of a city and many people die by burring into the building materials. It cant be avoided because earthquakes strike a place all of a sudden. So this shaking of ground compels construction engineering to develop buildings which are resistive to the strikes of earthquakes. Earthquakes cause landslides and may claim many lives at the effected zone. Erthquakes cause breakdown of electrical or gas supply lines which may lead to incidents of fires. Water lines also got ruptured and decreased pressure makes it impossible to control the spread of fire. In earthquake of San Francisco in 1906, more deaths happened because of fire as compared to earthquake itself. When severe shaking occur then soil or sand loses their strength for a temporary period and gets converted from solid to liquid. This liquefaction causes sinking of buildings, bridges etc. When epicenter of an earthquake is located near sea, then the travelling of seismic waves below the sea causes generation of tsunami waves, which can travel at a speed of 600-800 kilometres per hour. Sometimes when earthquake triggered landslides fall into sea, it also leads to the creation of Tsunami waves. Scientists have been upgrading a network of seismometers that registers tiny tremors far below. This allows them to better map active faults buried under as much as 12 miles of sand and mud laid down by the mighty rivers that drain the Himalayas. Seismologists in Bangladesh, as part of a project on earthquakes have drilled some 250 wells near riverbeds to take sediment samples. These, they hope, will reveal the scope and timing of past earthquakes and river-course shifts that may have wiped out large swaths of countrysidethough at times when population and infrastructure were far less dense. The goal is to give Bangladeshi scientists and leaders the tools they need to understand, and minimize. Unfortunately until now it is well nigh impossible to predict earthquakes and these cannot be prevented from occurring. However different measures can be taken to ensure prompt and best possible rescue effort. Building code and rules must be applicable for all construction work done by both public and private organisations. Currently, buildings that are in accordance with the National Building Code are able to withstand earthquakes of the magnitude of seven on the Richter scale. The government should implement awareness development programmes. Earthquake shelters should be built. Specially needed are squads of well trained persons in good number from the civil and military forces, plus volunteers, who can be mobilised and put into service--immediately-- to make good use of their expert training in a post earthquake situation. After some recently experienced tremors, government will be expected to complete such preparations within the shortest time frame. It must not be addressed with the usual bureaucratic lethargy. This task must be addressed with the great seriousness and urgency it deserves. Perhaps, the Ministry of Disaster Preparedness can be the coordinating and central point of this mechanism in liaison with the ministry of defence, the armed forces, fire brigade, civil defence and other institutions. In many homes or apartment, there is still no awareness that power and gas connections must be turned off the moment an earthquake is sensed because fires from the damaged transmission lines of the two sources can very seriously hazard even rescue operations after an earthquake Bangladesh is internationally recognised for its proactive programmes aimed at addressing the risk of cyclone and flood. The country has achieved much in cyclone preparedness and flood management leading to saved lives, reduced economic loss, and protection of development gains. Consequently Bangladesh is often cited as an example of disaster risk management internationally. Unfortunately earthquake disaster preparedness is far from satisfactory. If the country is to avert a human tragedy of epic proportions the time to act is now. The writer is Assistant Editor of The Independent andcan be contacted at: syed.mehdi@theindependentbd.com
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text:
Home ICC Cricket World Cup 2019
12:00 AM, July 02, 2019 / LAST MODIFIED: 04:48 AM, July 02, 2019
Recovery on course
Bangladesh's experienced batsman Mahmudullah Riyad (L) looks set to play in the crucial World Cup match against India after recovering well from a calf injury. Photo: BCB
Sports Reporter from Birmingham
Bangladesh batsman Mahmudullah Riyad's recovery from a calf muscle tear seemed to be on course as the right-hander batted for a prolonged period at the outer nets of Edgbaston, the venue for today's all-important World Cup match against India.
Mahmudullah had sustained a Grade 1 tear on his right calf muscle during the Tigers' previous match against Afghanistan in Southampton on June 24. The ensuing seven-day break between matches would have helped the senior batsman recover as it takes around seven to 10 days to recover from the injury.
He appeared to be untroubled by the injury as he was skipping down the track to spinners and hopping on the back foot against pacers without any problem.
Skipper Mashrafe Bin Mortaza was however cautious about his chances while speaking to the media ahead of today's game.
"The physio [Thihan Chandramohan] has not yet given a final call, so there is some time on that front," said Mashrafe, who has also been struggling with a hamstring tear. "I have bowled today, so I am okay."
Team management informed later that a decision on Mahmudullah would be taken in the morning today depending on how the batsman feels after a full day of practice. The team had an optional practice session yesterday which was attended by all members with the exception of opener Tamim Iqbal, who had opted to rest before the crucial match.
Mushfiqur Rahim has scored 604 runs -- the most by any Bangladeshi batsman -- in the 21 matches he played against India.
Liton Das' 121 off 117 balls against India in the final of the Asia Cup in 2018 is the highest individual score by any Bangladeshi batsmen against India.
India skipper Virat Kohli has amassed 654 runs -- the most by any player in either team -- in the 11 matches he played against Bangladesh. Kohli's average of 81.75 against Bangladesh is also the highest by any player from the two sides' current World Cup squads.
Bangladesh skipper Mashrafe Bin Mortaza has scalped 23 wickets -- the most by any player among the two sides -- in the 19 matches he played against India.
Mehedi Hasan Miraz's economy rate of 4.64 against India is the best by any player on the current Bangladesh squad.
From India's current World Cup squad, Ravindra Jadeja has scalped the most wickets against Bangladesh. The all-rounder took 11 wickets in as many matches against the Tigers.
Mehedi Hasan Miraz's economy rate of 4.64 against India is the best by any players of the current Bangladesh squad.
From India's current World Cup squad, Ravindra Jadeja has scalped the most wickets against Bangladesh. The allrounder took 11 wickets in as many matches he played against the Tigers.
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The Welfare Fund Project
To maintain a small reserve fund to help Asylum seekers and Refugees in emergency when they have no money themselves. It could, for example, be used to purchase nappies, baby milk or food for a destitute family. It could be for urgent transport, for example to attend a solicitor's appointment.
It is on-going, rolling from year to year
Charity information: Slough Refugee Support
In the year Apr 2009 to Mar 2010 there were 2,165 visits to our Service by needy households, and 36.5% of these visits were from households with no source of income what-so-ever. The aim is always to use the Fund in a way which enables a longer term solution to the problem. Eg a few pounds can enable a destitute person to get the photos needed to claim subsistence payments from the Home Office. Families may be at risk of hunger or a night on the street, or unable to get to a vital appointment.
Last year we spent £1,785 from the fund. Most of the payments given out were under £10.00. Just a few pounds can make all the difference to a person's future. At the end of the year the Fund stood at £65, and we constantly need to top it up. We receive donations from individuals, faith groups and clubs. As explained, a little goes a long way, and we would be grateful for any donation from £5 to £500.
To help Refugees with emergency payments in order to get lasting solutions to their problems.
» By giving small emergency grants governed by rigorous guidelines. These include 2 people to agree on a payment, and no more than 3 payments per client
Success will be...evidenced through the careful monitoring of the payments and the outcomes in terms of emergencies solved, e.g. legal assistance obtained.
To lift households out of destitution.
» To pay for photos, transport and emergency supplies while actively seeking a long term solution to the emergency.
Success will be...evidenced through the careful monitoring of the payments and the outcomes in terms of e.g. income sources and/or accommodation obtained for households.
In the long term destitute households will be enabled to subsist, to carry forward their asylum case, to have a roof over their heads, or to integrate and settle into their new country and life. The Welfare Fund is highly cost effective in enabling long term solutions, contributing to community cohesion, and giving vulnerable adults and families emergency respite and help in the midst of confusing bureaucracy.
We avoid risk by doing everything we can to maintain a small emergency fund at all times and adhering to our guidelines. There is no risk of anyone depending on the fund because, except in exceptional circumstances, there is a maximum of 3 payments per client. In the very unusual case of needing to supply bed and breakfast we require the permission of a Trustee, and have to be working towards a longer term solution.
Through our Annual Report which shows the needs, expenditure, and describes outcomes of our work. If any donor wished, we can also supply the breakdown of expenditure on different items for any year. The categories cover: Food; Transport; Photos; Toiletries; Baby Items; Accommodation.
Budget - Project Cost: £1,800
£1,800 Welfare Fund Emergency welfare payments
Jill Franklin Trust £500 Guaranteed
It is based at our premises in Bath Road Slough. Slough has a considerable population of asylum seekers and refugees partly due to proximity to Heathrow, and also because it is a town with a highly diverse population. In spite of this, there is a great shortage of immigration solicitors in Slough, and clients have to travel some distance for the legal help required in applying for asylum, dealing with appeals, and other immigration business.
People applying for asylum in the UK and those who have been granted some form of leave to remain in the UK. People with refugee status. In some cases we help failed asylum seekers to get the papers to return with dignity to their own country. More rarely we might help an illegal migrant to regularise their status.
Because we have 13 years of experience working in this field, we are the only Drop-in Centre for all refugees and asylum seekers in Slough able to give this support, and because we have an experienced and trained team of volunteers to administer the project.
Drop-In Co-Ordinator
She manages the Drop-in service and recruits and trains the volunteers
She manages and keeps records of all petty cash transactions, keeps the ledger, and collates the statistics on the use of the Welfare Fund
20 Volunteer Advisers
The Volunteer Advisers deliver the service. They reflect the diverse population of the town, and do a wonderful and dedicated job.


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Iran to Launch New Destroyer Soon
Iranian Navy Commander Rear Admiral Hossein Khanzadi announced that the country's most state-of-the-art destroyer, 'Sahand', will be launched in the near future, Fars News Agency (FNA)
Iran Triples Range of Helicopter-Based Missiles
Commander of the Iranian Army Ground Force Brigadier General Kiomars Heidari announced that the Army's Airborne Unit has tripled the range of missiles mounted on its helicopters, Fars News Agency (FNA)
Iran to Enhance Equipment of Rapid Reaction Forces
Commander of the Iranian Army Ground Force Brigadier General Kiomars Heidari announced plans to further enhance the power and equipment of rapid reaction forces, Fars News Agency (FNA)
Iran's Air Force Commander Tests Overhauled F-5 Fighter Jet
Commander of the Iranian Air Force Brigadier General Hassan Shahsafi piloted a recently overhauled Northrop F-5 in a final flight test at Vahdati Airbase in Dezful, Khuzestan Province, Fars News Agency (FNA)
Iran Unveils New Anti-Armor Missile
The Islamic Revolution Guards Corps (IRGC) on Wednesday unveiled a new anti-armor missile, 'Azarakhsh (Lightening)', and inaugurated an aviation training center, Fars News Agency (FNA)
Iran Names New Commander for Navy's Special Forces
Commander of the Islamic Revolution Guards Corps (IRGC) Navy Rear Admiral Ali Fadavi appointed a new Commander for the IRGC Navy's Special Forces, Fars News Agency (FAN)
Iran Building "Exclusive" Anti-Armored Missile Launcher
Commander of the Iranian Ground Force Brigadier General Kioumars Heidari announced that the country's experts are working on a unique project to produce an advanced anti-armored missile launcher, Fars News Agency (FNA)
Iran Starts Producing Drones Equipped with Smart Bombs
Iran inaugurated the production line of a type of tactical drones named Mohajer 6 with the capability to carry smart bombs with high precision-striking power, Fars News Agency (FNA)
Iranian Navy Test-Fires Long-Range Qadir Cruise Missile
The Iranian naval forces for the first time tested the home-made long-range Qadir cruise missile during the wargames that took place in the Sea of Oman earlier this
Iranian Army Conducts Large Scale Joint Military Exercises
Iranian Army started large scale joint military exercises codenamed 'Muhammad Rasoulallah' (the messenger of God) along the Makran coastal strip in the country's Southern and Southeastern regions, Fars News Agency (FNA)
Iran Tests Active Protection System on Home-Made Tanks
Lieutenant Commander of the Iranian Army Brigadier General Ahmad Reza Pourdastan announced his country has successfully tested active protection system on its home-made tanks, Fars News Agency (FNA)
Iranian Chief-of-Staff Receives Pakistani Counterpart
The Chief-of-Staff of Iran's Armed Forces Major General Mohammad Hossein Baqeri and Pakistan's Chief of Army Staff (COAS) General Qamar Javed Bajwa in a meeting in Tehran underlined the need to expand defense and military cooperation between the two
Iran Appoints New Army, Navy Commanders
Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution Ayatollah Seyed Ali Khamenei made new appointments in the country's top military brass, Fars News Agency (FNA)
Iran Unveils New Advanced Radar System
The Iranian Defense Ministry in a ceremony on Monday unveiled a new state-of-the-art radar system named "Afaq" for coastguard forces, according to Fars News Agency
Iran Vows to Continue Missile Developments
The Islamic Revolution Guards Corps (IRGC) in a statement on Thursday blasted the recent remarks by US President Donald Trump against the IRGC, stressing that it will continue progress in missile industries, Fars News Agency (FNA)
Omani Air Force Commander Meets Iranian Defense Minister
Commander of the Royal Air Force of Oman (RAFO) Air Vice Marshal Matar bin Ali al-Obaidani held separate meetings with Iranian Defense Minister Brigadier General Amir Hatami and Deputy Chief of Staff of the Iranian Armed Forces for International


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Fitness Skirts
Look Us Up
Taking the Uproute | Brand New Everyday | UpRouteLife
It all started as a dream to own our greatest commodity - our time.
Soon we were full swing into the best year of our lives. From where I stand now, looking back over the last year, I can't help but chuckle... It's been a wild ride!
The uproutelife story is ever-changing as we balance between finding normal life in adventure, and adventure in a normal life.
After the "super purge" of ditching most of our possessions, we started living nomadically out of our 24' sprinter RV in the familiarity of our home mountains, the White Mts in New Hampshire. To this day some of our fondest memories are from that time in the national forest. In the very beginning we spent a couple weeks off the beaten path, adjusting to a new and exciting outdoor lifestyle. This is where we became accustomed to living in such a tiny space. We soon to found out the living space was really not too small while being surrounded by wilderness further than the eye can see. Everyday, more and more, we began nourishing our desire to be in nature. We had embarked on an endless summer. We swam in the East Branch river, hiked from right out our door, studying plants, and getting fluid with the rhythms of nature. We were becoming students of daily life. We detached from monthly payments on things we didn't really need and started letting go of our duty to fear. Unobstructed by the tasks that once filled our days, we hit the open road. We fell in love fast with the ever changing views and our new found freedom. By confronting uncertainties along the way, we grew. We watched the universe open before our very eyes. Soon we were well adapted to the constant changes and broadening horizon.
I can confidently say we have given our children an amazing year! They now reference towns, cities, buildings, museums, parks, rivers, bridges, mountain ranges, deserts, rock formations, oceans and forests from all over the country by name with an experience in each of them. They've made up games along the way suited for the many different environments we would shortly reside in. These two kids are the epitomy of seizing the moment. They wake up ready to explore!
Usually with tunes bumping in the background, their homeschool curriculum has been completed. They've taken on many projects and learned a lot of life skills on this trip. This year they were cautiously introduced to the internet as an educational tool. @Uproutekids became a platform for research and creativity. It's a way for them to practice typing and has encouraged the positive aspects of social media.
As an added bonus to being great little adventures they have earned over 35 badges participating in the National Parks Junior Ranger program! They've attended countless educational talks, documentaries and ranger led programs.
But most importantly, they are great kids, genuinely kind with their imaginations fully intact.
The road has led us to many places. Knowing tomorrow may bring us somewhere new, we can't help but cherish our time at each destination.
We've traveled from New England to Assateague National Seashore to Washington DC. We spent time in The Smokey Mts, Asheville, North Carolina and Myrtle beach, SC. Savannah led us to Florida with its beautiful beaches. We visited the Everglades then headed down to the Keys. We walked through caverns in Texas, brought the trip to the remote Big Bend NP. Saguaro NP was followed by Death Valley NP. Next was Joshua tree NP. We stayed in Sedona, Phoenix, Lake Havasu, and Boulder City for a while. We went to the border, we crossed the Rio Grande to get to Mexico. The Grand Canyon was amazing! Eventually we got to Zion (one of our favorites), Bryce Canyon, Arches, Canyonlands National Parks and spent some nights on the lively Free land in Moab. We circled around Las Vegas with some vehicle troubles but made the best of it at Red Rocks Canyons, Lake Mead and The Valley of Fire State Park. Sequoia, Kings Canyon, and Pinnacles National Parks in California followed. We happily greeted the Pacific coast at Big Sur. We went to Redwoods NP, enjoying Santa Cruz, San Francisco then the quiet coastal towns up through Sonoma and Mendocino Valley. Oregon was breathtaking along the coast. We eventually turned East for a nice visit to Bend, OR. We camped in National forests as we made our way along. It just got better and better as we got to Idaho, Montana and eventually Yellowstone and Grand Tetons (two more favorites). We experienced downtown Jackson, WY, Steamboat, CO and soon we were at Rocky MT National Park. Boulder, CO led to Taos, NM then off we went to Hot Spring National Park in AR. These are just some of the highlights. We've also voyaged through many other, we'll say "interesting" towns as well. Surprisingly, as it may be, not once did we make a reservation for any of these popular destinations, nor did we ever stay in a Walmart parking lot. We showed up where we wanted to be and always found our spot.
It hasn't all been easy. We've ridden a fine line between dry camping too many consecutive days, and spending too much money on campgrounds and resources. We've had to follow cellular connectivity and some places would unknowingly be lacking. We've had days of driving too many hours, encountered unexpected snowstorms in changing elevations, had wild horses try and poke their heads through our camper door, and been stuck in traffic behind herds of elk. One early morning we were surprised by Jehovah's witnesses knocking on our door while we were boondocking on a national forest road (who knew the good word was being spread way the hell out there)? Of course you can't count out daily RV maintenance and unforeseen repairs. These "bumps" along the way however, are small in comparison to all that's been gained from this trip in body mind and spirit.
I feel grateful for everyone's personal growth on this journey and for the changes in myself. I feel good with having set my own expectations, even if they drew outside the lines of the norm. I'm glad we don't ignore our uncommon way of thinking, it has brought us some of our best memories. Life is a gift and we shouldn't put off enjoying it.
This trip has helped me break out of holding patterns. I've had some time to pause, reinvent, and enjoy a different pace of living. I've spent nights up way too late being inspired, elevated my ways of thinking, and all in all find myself walking more deliberately through life.
Adventure isn't only found in travel. It can also be an outlook , an attitude, "a friendly interest in people, places and things that makes a person an explorer in the truest, most vivid sense of the word."
Adventure lays in the excitement of what's ahead... So what's ahead for us?
At some point while in California we asked each other this question, how can we make this even better? How can we travel further and live more on our own terms ? What direction do we need to go to increase our personal options?
With positive forward thinking Uproutelife is evolving and we're taking it back to where it all started North Conway, NH, our beautiful valley! With an office and an amazing business partner at hand, we will have the resources available to grow. So back we go to improve and expand existing businesses and develop new ones.
A new adventure begins!
Many more routes lay ahead for us but as for now I'm quite happy the road is bringing us back East.
I hope by sharing our story this far we have inspired others to take steps towards living out their dreams.
Stick around to see the Uproutelife journey evolve. Possibilities are awaiting. Life can be full of passion, when you're on the Uproute♥
© 2023, UpRouteLife


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Permission to FEEL
FEEL Pleasure
FEEL Orgasmic
FEEL Consensual
FEEL Connected
FEEL Empowered
FEEL Touch
FEEL Educated
FEEL Seen
FEEL Embodied
Sexological Bodywork
Masturbation Coaching
Non-monogamous relationship coaching
Bodywork Sessions with Sue
About Sue
Fees & Testimonials
The Naked Photoshoot
BySue Ingender 0
Anyone who has known me, in particular settings, over the last few years, may have seen me naked. It has been a thing I have been doing more and more.
Earlier this year, I'd stumbled across a post for a project called 'Age cannot wither her', a set of 16 women in their glory, in their 'birthday suits', looking regal, exotic, confident, shy, soft, fierce and so much more. 'Wow', I thought.
I left a comment below the post, saying I'd love to have been part of something like this. It was met with a sharp reply encouraging me to contact the photographer.
Long story short…..I did. The date of the shoot was booked. The photos were taken. The final image picked.
Yesterday I finally plucked up the courage to write the words to go support this version of me and now, today, it is live. Eeeeeek!
Here it goes. I will now be able to answer, in confidence, the question, 'Is there a naked photo of you on the net?'
Yes. There. Is.
Seriously, following this link will show me naked
And, these are the words to support my mask removal:
When I turned 40, everything changed. Suddenly, I had a voice. It seemed as though I was able to speak up and, more importantly, speak out. There is a permission that comes with age, a credibility.
Now that I am nearer 50 than 40, I realise this decade, for me, is all about transformation.
I started the decade as a consultant in the city, unsatisfied with life and love, and failing to adhere to the gendered, patriarchal societal expectations around me. My curly hair wasn't neat enough. I wouldn't wear the obligatory heels as the arthritis in my feet was too painful. I wasn't small or quiet enough and no matter how good I was at my work, I didn't fit the mould.
I am hardly recognisable as the deeply in love, ethically non-monogamous, pansexual, freelance problem solver, soon to be a certified sexological bodyworker, skyclad howling, dancing, shamanic goddess, little girl, queen, mama wolf, strong, fragile, human I am today. Hallelujah!
This is my first photoshoot, never mind my first naked one. The excitement of being part of something this important, hid the process that was about to unfold. I have been getting more and more naked these last few years. I find it liberating and can often be found in some festival dancing scenario getting my kit off and encouraging others to do the same. We were born this way.
Despite all that, as soon as I agreed to the shoot, my inner critic, judge and jury, went to town, subtly at first, although the town was where they were heading, make no mistake!
I wanted to look good. I didn't want to embarrass myself. I wanted to be a better version of me. My serious significant chocolate addiction was tempered at first. I got on my bike a bit more. I told myself that this was a good thing, and, to certain degree it was, however, at the same time why couldn't I show up as I was?
Predictably, the 10 days running up to the photoshoot, involved a foreign trip, more than typical booze consumption, a chocolate mountain, lack of sleep, a dodgy tummy and, wait for it, slashing the sole of my foot open, on an acrylic table, whilst trying to see the moon out of my window, less than 9 hours before the shoot. You couldn't make it up.
What do I see when I look at this photo?
I see a girl with a woman's body. Strong, hard-working legs, a tummy that holds lots of emotion and feels delicious to the touch. A Predator. A fragility. Certainty. A pride at getting this far alive. Sadness that I trimmed my beautifully wild pubic hair right down, just a week previously, in a moment of self-doubt because I wanted to fit into someone else's ideal of what a woman should look like …… a lover, an artist, a sister, friend, confidante. An activist. An aspiring life model?
Most of all, I see a woman in the prime of her life, with hopes and dreams.
I have so much more to do, to learn, to be.
© 2019 The Feel Institute
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Q: How to find if file is in a git commit history? I have a version of a program laying around, let's say "mystery.c". I use git for this program's development.
I don't know which (if any) commit contains this specific version. For instance, I may have generated this version by copying at some intermediate stage between commits for some reason.
How do I ask git to find the most recent commit containing this file's contents exactly?
Or to say that the file's exact content is not in the history?
Or, more generally, to find the most similar recent match in the history?

A: You can simply use git log:
git log --follow filename

The --follow option is for listing the history of a file beyond renames (works only for a single file).
Compact version:
git log --follow --name-only --format='%H' -- filename

When it comes to find a file content, "Finding Content in Files With Git" is a good read, using combination of git log -S (pickaxe option) and git grep.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Family Guy: The XXX Parody ist eine US-amerikanische Porno-Parodie der Cartoonserie Family Guy.

Handlung
Der Film dreht sich um das Sexualverhalten bekannter Charaktere aus Family Guy. So macht sich zum Beispiel Quagmire an Megan heran, es wird das Privatleben von Cleveland gezeigt oder wie Joe Geschlechtsverkehr hat. Dabei werden Zwischensequenzen wie das Reden der 4 Männer in einer Kneipe oder Familiendiskussionen gezeigt. Außerdem werden Anspielungen im Stil der Serie gemacht und bekannte Charaktere wie der Hahn, Wolverine oder Ron Jeremy treten auf.

Produktion und Veröffentlichung
Der Film wurde gemäß IMDb von Full Spread Entertainment produziert und vertrieben. Regie führte Lee Roy Myers und das Drehbuch schrieb er mit Ivory Lumber zusammen. Erstmals wurde der Film am 6. März 2012 veröffentlicht. Gedreht wurde in Los Angeles. Er war oder ist in einschlägigen Portalen als DVD oder Video on Demand erhältlich.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Porno-Parodie
US-amerikanischer Film
Filmtitel 2012
Family Guy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


versatile, energetic and resourceful professional eager to contribute extensive talents toward supporting a progressive organization in optimizing personnel performance and operational productivity.
exemplary ability to quickly master new roles, responsibilities, technologies, and environments.
proficiency in curriculum development, short- and long-term goal setting, and strategic planning.
excel at public speaking/delivering presentations, project administration, and customer relations.
skilled in teaching and training, program development, and executing process improvements.
display a strong blend of organizational, multi-tasking, prioritization and planning skills.
quality-driven with reputation for integrity, problem solving abilities, and collaborative work ethic.
spearhead daily activities relating to advertising department s intranet with an emphasis in training and guiding users in posting and editing graphics and documents.
apply dynamic troubleshooting talents to analyze, administer and support multiple advertising systems, partnering effectively with mis personnel to swiftly rectify problems and glitches.
demonstrate advanced admarc expertise toward effectively supporting advertising directors, managers, sales executives and sales assistants, and provide training and instruction in use of admarc system.
compile, standardize and maintain admarc training documentation and associated reports.
combined proven technical acumen, customer service expertise, and analytical strengths to deliver efficient pc support to 150 users in advertising department inclusive of 5 satellite offices.
proactively teamed with mis department to facilitate seamless roll-out of new pcs and laptops, expedite repairs, monitor technology inventory, and drive compliance pertaining to software licenses.
exercised exceptional multi-tasking abilities to install software, re-image pcs, troubleshoot network connectivity, conduct performance tuning, and drive pc and laptop roll-out projects.
steered strict adherence to established budgets in recommending and coordinating technology purchases, and cultivated strong relationships with vendors.
combined excellent interpersonal, communication and leadership talents to train and mentor 80 advertising employees in use of new computers, microsoft office suite (word, excel, powerpoint, outlook), and proprietary applications.
assembled training manuals, instructional documents, cheat sheets , and tests to assess learning.
promoted from role in advertising classified sales, 1991 to 1997 based on outstanding performance.
earlier experience includes: the westin st. francis hotel.


The Institution of Engineers Pakistan, Karachi Centre has arranged a Half Day Seminar on CPEC Myths and Realities on Saturday the 13th May, 2017 from 03:00 pm to 6:00 pm in IEP Convention Center, 5th Floor, IEP Building, Shahrah-e-Faisal, Opposite: Hotel Regent Plaza, Karachi.
Director General, Gawadar Development Authority.
Advisor Technical DCNS (Finance) Mission, Karachi.
We are confident that your proactive participation in this Seminar will be a source of strength for us. We look forward for your cooperation in making this event a great success. Participants will receive 0.5 PEC credit point, (subject to the approval of PEC). Registration is Free. Kindly fill in the registration form and sent it to IEP, Karachi Centre before or on 11th May, 2017. No registration will be considered after due date.


This entry was posted on Tuesday, September 29th, 2009 at 11:43 am	and is filed under Belly & Baby, Families, Kids, Photo Shoot. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Both comments and pings are currently closed.


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Home » Re-creating a 1970 chevelle SS 454
Shop Life Cool Rides
Re-creating a 1970 chevelle SS 454
Elyse Lucas
KEYWORDS Chevelle restoration
Gary Alexander has always had an affinity for classic cars. The one he never had—and always wanted—was a 1970 Chevelle SS 454. At the time of its debut, it was one of the fastest production model vehicles ever built, and since his teen years, Alexander dreamed of owning one. It would take nearly 40 years, however, before the manager of Alexander Body Shop in Natchez, Miss., had the chance to restore the prized vehicle.
In 2005, Alexander and his brother found the shell of a body for a '70 Chevelle Coupe sitting in a barn full of rats' nests. Despite the car's missing engine and transmission, Alexander approached the owner. "It had potential to be my dream car, so I offered him $700, and he took it," he says. After doing some research, he discovered the car was born a shadow gray Chevelle Coupe with a 396 engine. Not to be dissuaded from his love of the Chevelle SS 454, though, he spent the following three years transforming it into his dream car. Now, the once-forgotten Chevelle is worth an estimated $35,000 to $45,000 and receives plenty of accolades.
Alexander had his work cut out for him. "The first part of the project involved tearing what was left of the car apart to identify what was ahead of me, and to get rid of the rats' nests in every nook and cranny," he says. "With no frame damage, I began the restoration by sandblasting the frame and completely restoring the drive train to the original specifications." He traded up for a Mark IV 454 crate engine and rebuilt a Turbo 400 automatic transmission.
Afterward, Alexander began the body work. "I had the body bead blasted and replaced the sheet metal, like the trunk pan, with aftermarket sheet metal and quarter panel patches." Since replacing sheet metal was fairly new to him, Alexander enlisted the help of some colleagues at the shop. He spent about 20 hours a week for three years on the restoration.
Seeing the car slowly come to life was worth the wait. "I spent a lot of time and effort finding the correct pieces and parts to put this vehicle together," Alexander says. "They gathered and gathered. I wasn't ready to put it together until the body work was complete, and then I was ready to use all these parts that I had stored over the years. In one moment, I could see the light at the end of the tunnel and could see how well my efforts were going to pay off. That was the most rewarding part."
ONE MAN'S TREASURE
Alexander decided he didn't want to do a 100 percent original restoration, so he incorporated some modern touches: "The changes include not only the 454 crate motor, but an SS gauge package with Dakota Digital gauges, Pro Car front bucket seats, three-point retractable seatbelts, Classic Auto Air, Harrison classic radio with 500 watt amp, GM Performance Serpentine belt system, Painless wiring system and Cragar 'SS' 17-inch wheels with Fuzion tires."
When it came time for the paint job, Alexander chose to match the car's original hue of shadow gray. His nephew, who owns the repair center, performed the paint work.
Throughout the entire restoration, Alexander never worried over the cost. "I kept track of the lists of parts and materials it took to accomplish this project, and the list is endless, and I determined it was costly," he says, "but I didn't do this project based on cost. [I did it] based on desire and pride, and that is what typically determines the value of these cars. As the old saying goes, 'One man's trash is another man's treasure.'"
Recent Articles by Elyse Lucas
Create a Cohesive Team
Restoring a 1934 Ford 3-Window Coupe
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A Dream 1970 Ford Mustang Boss 302
Reviving a 1970 Chevy Pickup
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A familiar face on this blog — and its print counterpart — has gotten a new job that will keep her crossing paths with local media types. Just four months after leaving the Journal Star, my predecessor in this position, Karen McDonald, was hired Thursday night as the Tri-County Regional Planning Commission's new government relations consultant.
Anyone would be lucky, after covering politicians at the local, state and national level full time for a dozen years — as McDonald did in Peoria, Tazewell and Woodford counties, each of the three that make up Tri-County's membership — to only burn a few bridges in the course of their coverage. But McDonald brings with her to this new job a slate of bipartisan recommendations from area pols, and members of the commission itself were practically tripping over themselves to offer her praise Thursday night.
McDonald "has the background, the experience, the relationships to help us" achieve our goals, commission Chairman Mike Phelan, a member of the Peoria County Board, said prior to Tri-County's unanimous decision to hire her. And he was among the more restrained ones speaking during the meeting or praising her beforehand or afterwards.
Of course, now she'll have to live up to the hype — something she's clearly eager to do.
"It's like taking all the best parts of what I did at the paper" and adding more onto it, McDonald said. She'll certainly have plenty of variety, between working with legislators, learning about — and later trying to advance — policy, preparing news releases, pitching stories to the media and generally trying to bring more attention to the efforts of the commission.
Tri-County doesn't get all that much in the way of notice, though it plays an integral part in many local projects. If it has to do with road, rail, water, envrionment, there's a fair to decent chance Tri-County has been involved in some way. From its recently publicized Clean Air Action Initiative, aimed at reducing ground-level ozone, to regional economic development efforts to the ongoing Eastern Bypass debate, there's lots of action going on.
McDonald will be paid $4,500 a month for the gig, which is on a contract basis. Tri-County Executive Director Terry Kohlbuss promised members they were "going to get more value from our government relations consultant than we were in previous years." Indeed, her contract is expected to save the commission at least $1,800 annually.
She was a great Woodford County reporter and wrote well on deadline, says this retired Journal Star copy editor.
Good job in hiring her Terry. As her former supervisor, I know she will do an excellent job for you.
Karen is a smart woman with great integrity. Tri-County is lucky to have her!
Karen will help enable the Tri-County Regional Planning Commission to continue to be a leader in driving consensus toward regional issues within Central Illinois and I look forward to that on-going critical journey.
Next Next post: A more polite Congress? Apparently so.


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Home › Brebaugh vs. Deane
Warning: Case decisions are often subject to further review by other courts and thus may be affirmed, overturned, or modified in later proceedings; therefore the reader should exercise caution in the reading and interpretation of these cases as the current status of case law and/or statutory law may have changed by the time you read this. Please consult with a licensed attorney in the proper jurisdiction before you take any action based on what you read on this or any other website.
In re the Marriage of: WILLIAM J. BREBAUGH, Petitioner-Appellant,
NANCY L. (BREBAUGH) DEANE, Respondent-Appellee.
1 CA-CV 04-0237
COURT OF APPEALS OF ARIZONA, DIVISION ONE, DEPARTMENT B
August 23, 2005, Filed
NOTICE: [*1] THIS DECISION IS SUBJECT TO FURTHER APPELLATE REVIEW. MOTIONS FOR RECONSIDERATION OR PETITIONS FOR REVIEW TO THE ARIZONA SUPREME COURT MAY BE PENDING. COUNSEL IS CAUTIONED TO MAKE AN INDEPENDENT DETERMINATION OF THE STATUS OF THIS CASE.
PRIOR HISTORY: Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County. Cause No. FN 01-004647. The Honorable Roland J. Steinle, III, Judge.
DISPOSITION: REVERSED AND REMANDED IN PART.
COUNSEL: Raymond, Greer & Sassman, P.C., Phoenix, By Leonard D. Greer and J. Douglas McVay, Phoenix, Attorneys for Petitioner-Appellant.
Fromm Smith & Gadow, P.C., Phoenix, By Stephen R. Smith, Sandra J. Fromm, Attorneys for Respondent-Appellee.
JUDGES: MAURICE PORTLEY, Presiding Judge. CONCURRING: PHILIP HALL, Judge, SHELDON H. WEISBERG, Judge.
OPINION BY: PORTLEY
OPINION: PORTLEY, Judge
P1 We examine whether stock options that had not vested before the petition for dissolution was served can be divided as community property. Because we find that the trial court needs to determine whether the unvested stock options were compensation for past performance, incentives for future performance or some combination of both, we reverse that portion of the decree of dissolution and remand the matter to the trial court. n1
n1 In our separate Memorandum Decision, filed herewith, we affirmed that Wife is entitled to indefinite spousal maintenance, but remanded to the trial court to resolve the amount of monthly maintenance once it resolves the issue in this Opinion. We also affirmed that the vehicle Husband gave her was a gift in spite of an agreement to the contrary; and pursuant to Wife's concession, vacated the portion of the dissolution decree that awarded her a share of the condominium rentals.
[*2]
P2 William J. Brebaugh ("Husband") and Nancy L. Deane ("Wife") were divorced after thirty years of marriage. Husband is the vice president of enrollment at Apollo Group, Inc./University of Phoenix ("Apollo"). Wife teaches art in the Scottsdale School District. The parties were unable to resolve whether Husband's unvested stock options were community property. After their trial, the court determined the unvested stock options were community property and awarded Wife one-half of those options. Husband appealed and we have jurisdiction pursuant to Arizona Revised Statutes ("A.R.S.") section 12-2101(B) (2003).
P3 Husband received blocks of stock options from his employer during the marriage. The parties agreed that stock options that had vested prior to the date the petition was served were community property. They also agreed that stock options he received after service were his separate property. They could not agree, however, whether the options he received during the marriage but could not be exercised until after service of the petition were community or separate property.
P4 The trial court, after [*3] consideration of testimony, memoranda and proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law, noted that the issue was how any community interest in the unvested options should be determined. After noting that Arizona has not examined the issue, the trial court examined the "time rule" outlined in In re Marriage of Hug, 154 Cal. App. 3d 780, 201 Cal.Rptr. 676 (Cal. Ct. App. 1984), and rejected Husband's claim that the unvested options were intended as incentive for his future employment. It determined that Husband had failed to demonstrate by clear and convincing evidence that the options that had not vested before service of process were his sole and separate property.
P5 On appeal, Husband contends that we should allocate the community and separate property interests in unvested stock options using a formula that favors the future efforts of the employee-spouse. See generally In re Marriage of Nelson, 177 Cal. App. 3d 150, 222 Cal.Rptr. 790 (Cal. Ct. App. 1986). Wife contends that there was insufficient evidence to suggest that the options were granted for Husband's future efforts. She argues that the options were compensation for work during the [*4] marriage and, therefore, are entirely community property. In the alternative, she contends that a time rule that emphasizes the employee's past efforts is the appropriate formula in this case. See generally Hug, 154 Cal. App. 3d 780, 201 Cal.Rptr. 676. Because the issue is a question of law, we review it de novo. Brink Elec. Constr. Co. v. Ariz. Dep't of Revenue, 184 Ariz. 354, 358, 909 P.2d 421, 425 (App. 1995).
P6 Stock options are a form of compensation. See In re Marriage of Robinson and Thiel, 201 Ariz. 328, 332, P 9, 35 P.3d 89, 93 (App. 2001). "Property acquired by either spouse during marriage is presumed to be community property, and the spouse seeking to overcome the presumption has the burden of establishing a separate character of the property by clear and convincing evidence." Thomas v. Thomas, 142 Ariz. 386, 392, 690 P.2d 105, 111 (App. 1984). Property acquired after service of a petition for dissolution is considered separate property if the parties get divorced. See A.R.S. § 25-211 (2000).
P7 In Arizona, the community has an interest in the property earned during the [*5] marriage. See Van Loan v. Van Loan, 116 Ariz. 272, 274, 569 P.2d 214, 216 (1977) (holding that to the extent a spouse acquires unvested pension benefits from community efforts, that property right is divisible upon dissolution). However, compensation for a spouse's post-dissolution efforts is sole and separate property. See A.R.S. § 25-213(B) (Supp. 2004); In re Marriage of Kosko, 125 Ariz. 517, 518, 611 P.2d 104, 105 ("any portion of a recovery which represents compensation for post-dissolution earnings of the . . . spouse is the separate property of that spouse"). As such, we hold that unvested stock options are analogous to pension plans.
P8 Arizona courts have held that "pension rights, whether vested or non-vested, are community property insofar as the rights were acquired during marriage." Johnson v. Johnson, 131 Ariz. 38, 41, 638 P.2d 705, 708 (1981) (footnotes omitted); accord Van Loan, 116 Ariz. at 274, 569 P.2d at 216. Other jurisdictions also consider unvested stock options analogous to unvested pension benefits in determining the community interest. See, e.g., Garcia v. Mayer, 1996 NMCA 61, 920 P.2d 522, 525, PP 14-15, 122 N.M. 57 (N.M. Ct. App. 1996); [*6] Hug, 201 Cal.Rptr. at 681, 684-85; MacAleer v. MacAleer, 1999 PA Super 35, 725 A.2d 829, 833, P 9 (Pa. Super. Ct. 1999). Thus, if the stock options are intended as compensation for Husband's efforts during marriage, they are community property. If, however, the options are, in part, intended to induce future employment, then, to that extent, they are Husband's separate property.
P9 Most jurisdictions have applied a time rule for determining the community's interest in unvested stock options. See, e.g., Baccanti v. Morton, 434 Mass. 787, 752 N.E.2d 718, 727-28 (Mass. 2001) (citing cases); Garcia, 920 P.2d at 525, P 16 (citing cases). In determining whether the community has an interest in the unvested stock options granted during the marriage, the court must determine the extent to which the stock options were compensation for a spouse's effort during the marriage. In making that determination, the court must consider the employer's purpose for awarding the stock options.
P10 As the trial court recognized, the purpose of stock options varies widely. A company may award stock options as compensation for past services [*7] or performance, as incentive to remain with the company, or to garner favorable tax consequences. Therefore, we agree that "trial courts should be vested with broad discretion to fashion approaches which will achieve the most equitable results under the facts of each case." Hug, 201 Cal.Rptr. at 685.
P11 Here, the trial court concluded that Husband's stock options compensated him for work performed during the marriage and rejected his claim that the options were solely intended to encourage him to remain with Apollo. It concluded, based on the date the options were granted, that all options granted during the marriage, whether vested or not at the time of service, were community property. The stock option agreements do not, however, appear to support that conclusion.
P12 The stock option agreements provide that the options were intended to encourage key employees to remain and to enhance Apollo's ability to attract new employees "by providing an opportunity to have a proprietary interest in the success of [Apollo,]" and as an incentive to "focus on [its] long-term growth." The agreements provided that the options could vest on an accelerated basis if Apollo reached [*8] certain profit goals and the stock price reached a designated amount. Alternatively, and regardless of Apollo's performance, twenty-five percent of the options would vest annually beginning the year after the options were awarded.
P13 Apollo's chief financial officer, Kenda Gonzalez, moreover, testified that stock options generally are granted as an incentive for employees to remain with a company, to think like stockholders and thereby consider the company's long-term benefits. She also testified that Apollo grants options based on the employee's level of responsibility within the company, not for past performance. Husband's expert accountant testified that Apollo's stock options were an inducement to keep him with the company and not to reward him for past performance.
P14 Wife's expert accountant testified that Husband's stock options were compensation for past efforts. She opined that because Apollo's enrollment had increased significantly during Husband's tenure as vice president of enrollment, which increased the gross income for the corporation, his salary and bonuses alone were inadequate compensation. Husband admitted that he would not stay with the company if he only received [*9] his salary and bonuses. Husband received regular merit raises and bonuses during his employment, but did not receive stock options on a regular basis.
P15 If the stock options were intended solely as compensation for work performed or deferred compensation, the trial court's characterization would be correct. It does not appear, however, that the court considered the fact that the agreements specifically stated that the options were intended to encourage key employees to remain with Apollo and enhance Apollo's ability to attract new employees. The language of the agreements sufficiently rebuts the presumption that the options granted during the marriage are entirely community property. See Thomas, 142 Ariz. at 392, 690 P.2d at 111 (noting that property acquired during marriage is presumed to be community property absent clear and convincing evidence to the contrary).
P16 We have found only two jurisdictions that have held that unvested stock options were entirely community property. In Bodin v. Bodin, a Texas appellate court affirmed the trial court's ruling that unvested stock options, like military retirement benefits, were a community asset because they constituted [*10] a contingent interest in property earned during the marriage. 955 S.W.2d 380, 381 (Tex. Ct. App. 1997). The Bodin court, however, did not analyze whether the unvested stock options were for past performance or incentive for future performance, or whether that purpose might limit the community's interest in the stock options to the extent the unvested options were intended as compensation for post-divorce services. Id. Although it cited Hug and other cases which considered those questions, it did not analyze them. Id.
P17 The other Texas cases that treated unvested stock options as entirely community property are distinguishable. In Kline v. Kline, the court found that because the stock option agreement indicated that the unvested options were for past performance they were entirely community property. 17 S.W.3d 445, 446-47 (Tex. Ct. App. 2000). In Charriere v. Charriere, the court concluded that all the stock options were community property because the employee spouse could have exercised the options during the marriage. 7 S.W.3d 217, 220 (Tex. Ct. App. 1999). Those cases are not comparable to the stock options Husband [*11] received but could not exercise until sometime after the petition was served on him.
P18 In Wisconsin, the court of appeals presumed that unvested stock options were community property. See Chen v. Chen, 142 Wis. 2d 7, 416 N.W.2d 661, 665 (Wis. Ct. App. 1987). Chen held that the employee spouse failed to rebut the presumption because the stock option agreement stated that the options were intended to reward past contributions to the employer and to induce continued employment. Id. The court stated that "it would be mere conjecture to attempt to separate the portion of the net profits attributable to [the employee spouse's] post-divorce efforts" because the increase in value was due, in part, "to market forces and innumerable other variables." Id. n2
n2 We were unable to locate another case following this rationale.
P19 Here, if the trial court concludes, after reviewing the agreements, that the unvested stock options were, even in part, incentives for future performance, it should [*12] analyze the issue under Hug and Nelson, and use a time rule to determine the community and separate property interests in the unvested stock options. Our conclusion is supported by the fact that a similar fractional formula is used to determine the community's interest in unvested pension or retirement plans. See Johnson, 131 Ariz. at 41 n.4, 638 P.2d at 708 n.4; Van Loan, 116 Ariz. at 273, 569 P.2d at 215. When properly applied, the time rules equitably allocate the portion of the stock options attributable to future services.
P20 A majority of courts that have examined whether unvested stock options that vest after separation or service of the petition have accepted two primary time-rule formulas for allocating unvested stock options. The first is the Hug formula which is most appropriate for stock options that are granted for past services but cannot be exercised until after the separation or service of process because the formula gives more weight to the employee's entire tenure with the employer during marriage. See Garcia, 920 P.2d at 526, P 20; Nelson, 222 Cal.Rptr. at 793 n.3. Under the Hug [*13] formula,
the number of options determined to be community [is] the product of a fraction in which the numerator [is] the period in months from the commencement of the spouse's tenure with his employer to the date of the couple's separation, and the denominator [is] the period in months between commencement of employment and the date when each group of options first becomes exercisable. This fraction [is] then multiplied by the number of shares of stock which can be purchased with each block of options, yielding the community figure.
Nelson, 222 Cal.Rptr. at 793 (citing Hug, 201 Cal.Rptr. at 678).
P21 Conversely, the Nelson formula is more appropriate for stock options which are intended to compensate an employee for future efforts. The Nelson formula assumes that the period of employment prior to the granting of the option did not contribute to the employee earning the stock options and should not be included in the time used to calculate the community's interest in the options. See id. at 793 n.3. In Nelson, the numerator of the fraction is "the number of months from the date of grant of each [*14] block of options to the date of the couple's separation, while the denominator [is] the period from the time of each grant to its date of exercisability." Id. at 793. This fraction is also multiplied by the number of shares to be purchased to determine the community figure. Id.
P22 Other courts have used other methods of valuation. See, e.g., Batra v. Batra, 135 Idaho 388, 17 P.3d 889, 893-94 (Idaho Ct. App. 2001) (applying formula calculating community interest on a per-block of stock basis, as a fraction: "the number of days of the marriage during the year of vesting of the [block] of the stock option in question over the number of days in a year. The fraction is then converted into a percentage–the community's interest in the stock option in that particular [block]" and limiting the community's interest to blocks that vest in whole or in part during the marriage). See DeJesus v. DeJesus, 90 N.Y.2d 643, 687 N.E.2d 1319, 1324, 665 N.Y.S.2d 36 (N.Y. 1997) (applying a combination of Hug and Nelson time rules to portions of stock plans depending on their purpose); In re Marriage of Short, 125 Wn.2d 865, 890 P.2d 12, 16-17 (Wash. 1995) [*15] (court determines amount of stock options granted for past, present, or future service; past and present options awarded to community; options for future services subject to time rule to be applied only to the first stock option to vest after the date the community ends).
P23 "The valuation of assets is a factual determination that must be based on the facts and circumstances of each case." Kelsey v. Kelsey, 186 Ariz. 49, 51, 918 P.2d 1067, 1069 (App. 1996). As noted in Hug, "since the purposes underlying stock options differ, reference to the facts of each particular case must be made to reveal the features and implications of a particular employee stock option." 201 Cal.Rptr. at 679. Because the nature of stock options differ and trial courts will have to resolve options on an ad hoc basis, we decline to adopt a single formula for valuing stock options upon dissolution.
P24 Although Husband contends that his options were incentive for future performance and Wife contends they were for past performance, we will leave it to the trial court to determine whether the disputed options were incentives for the future, compensation for past performance, [*16] or some combination of both. Once it makes that determination, it can decide which time-rule formula is most appropriate.
P25 The primary factor the trial court should consider is the employer's intent in awarding the options. See e.g., Ruberg v. Ruberg, 858 So. 2d 1147, 1154 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2003) ("the expressed purpose of the employer is an important factor in determining" whether an option was granted for past, present, or future services); Hopfer v. Hopfer, 59 Conn. App. 452, 757 A.2d 673, 676 (Conn. App. Ct. 2000) (purpose of option grant must be considered); MacAleer v. MacAleer, 725 A.2d at 833 ("Because a stock option may be awarded for a variety of purposes, including compensation for past or present services or an incentive for future services, the purpose(s) for which the option was granted must be considered.") In determining the employer's intent, the court should consider whether there is any expressly stated purpose in the employment agreement or stock option agreement, see Ruberg, 858 So. 2d at 1155; Hug, 154 Cal. App. 3d at 786-87, and the adequacy of other compensation [*17] or the compensation scheme as a whole, see Hug, 154 Cal. App. 3d at 790 (stock options may be in lieu of higher current compensation or as bonus); DeJesus v. DeJesus, 90 N.Y.2d 643, 687 N.E.2d 1319, 1324, 665 N.Y.S.2d 36 (N.Y. App. 1997). If the employer's intent in granting the unvested options was to compensate the employee for past or current service, the options are community property and the Hug formula is applicable. If, however, the intent was to provide an incentive for the employee's future performance, the Nelson formula should be used to allocate the unvested options.
P26 Accordingly, we reverse the portion of the decree dividing the unvested stock options and remand for further findings consistent with this opinion.
P27 Both parties request their attorneys' fees and costs on appeal pursuant to A.R.S. § 25-324 (2000) and Arizona Rule of Civil Appellate Procedure 21. Neither party has taken an unreasonable position on appeal, and both parties have significant financial resources, considering all sources. Consequently, we deny both requests for fees and costs on appeal.
CONCLUSION [*18]
P28 We reverse the conclusion that all unvested stock options granted during marriage but vesting after the dissolution petition was served are community property, and the division of those options. We remand so that the trial court can consider the reasons Husband received the unvested options and the most appropriate time-rule formula, if any, to divide them. Each party shall bear his or her own attorneys' fees and costs on appeal.
MAURICE PORTLEY, Presiding Judge
CONCURRING:
PHILIP HALL, Judge
SHELDON H. WEISBERG, Judge


text:
Spot the Surveillance: A VR Experience for Keeping an Eye on Big Brother
Street-Level Surveillance
Automated License Plate Readers (ALPRs)
Cell-Site Simulators/IMSI Catchers
Drones/Unmanned Aerial vehicles
Tattoo Recognition
Gunshot Detection
Spot the Surveillance VR
Border Community Surveillance
About the SLS Team
Spot the Surveillance is a virtual reality (VR) experience that teaches people how to identify the various spying technologies that police may deploy in communities.
The user is placed in a 360-degree scene in the Western Addition neighborhood of San Francisco, where a young resident is in the middle of a police encounter. By looking up, down, and all around, you must identify a variety of surveillance technologies in the environment, including a body-worn camera, automated license plate readers, a drone, a mobile biometric device, and pan-tilt-zoom cameras.
To play, visit: https://eff.org/spot-vr
Play Spot the Surveillance
Spot the Surveillance currently works best with a virtual reality headset and a browser that is capable of displaying WebVR. A less-immersive version will work on standard computer browsers through a click-and-drag interface.
Spot the Surveillance takes approximately 10 minutes to complete.
Spot the Surveillance uses a gaze-based interface. This means that once you launch the experience, you will not require a handheld selection device. Instead, you will turn your head to position the central cursor—it looks like a white circle—to find items in the game, press buttons and close windows.
To view Spot the Surveillance in a VR headset, you will need a VR-enabled browser. Once you have loaded the browser, please visit the URL https://eff.org/spot-vr. You will then see a start menu. Use your cursor to launch the VR experience by selecting the headset icon at the bottom right of the window.
If you're interested in using Spot the Surveillance as a tool to teach about law enforcement surveillance, please download our Lesson Plan (PDF).
Oculus Rift or Oculus Go
Spot the Surveillance functions with current Oculus devices using the standard Oculus browser.
Spot the Surveillance requires a browser such as Firefox or Chromium. For instructions please see the WebVR page.
Windows Mixed-Reality Headset
Spot the Surveillance functions with current Mixed-Reality Headset devices using the Mixed-Reality browser.
With the phone inserted in a cardboard headset, click the VR icon in the bottom right-hand corner of the screen to enter 3D mode.
iOS: Apple devices will not allow browsers to expand completely, so there will be some browser text around the scene. iOS devices do not include audio.
Spot the Surveillance is available with Safari if you set Motion & Orientation Access to "on" under settings. It also works with Brave and Duck Duck Go browsers.
A desktop-specific version is available here.
Use hold down your mouse's left button and drag to move around the scene. Click to identify a device.
How to Provide Feedback
EFF is seeking feedback on user experience at this stage of the production. We intend to incorporate the feedback and bug reports into a new version available online in approximately April 2019.
We would be very grateful if you could take a few minutes to complete a survey once you have experienced Spot the Surveillance.
About Spot the Surveillance
The project is informed by years of research compiled by EFF through its Street-Level Surveillance project, which aims to shine a light on how police use (and abuse) technology to spy on communities.
EFF's engineering and design team combined the open-source coding language A-Frame with 360-degree photography to create this project, which is shareable under the Creative Commons Attribution license. The project was supported during its development through the XRstudio residency program at Mozilla.
This project was also made possible with the support of a 2018 Journalism 360 Challenge grant. Journalism 360 is a global network of storytellers accelerating the understanding and production of immersive journalism. Its founding partners are the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation, Google New Initiative, and the Online News Association.
Detailed Attribution Notes
The fixed ALPR, mobile ALPR, and drone images that appear in the pop-up displays were created by Mike Katz-Lacabe. They are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
The images of mobile biometric devices were created by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. A body-worn camera image was created by the Houston Police Department. An image of a rear-mounted ALPR camera was created by the Hingham Police Department.