text:
Q: Connection to crossbar.io either hangs or disconnects I'm trying to connect to crossbar on a remote host using Python with autobahn[Twisted]
I'm using a modified example code from PubSub:
from __future__ import print_function
from os import environ
from twisted.internet import reactor
from twisted.internet.defer import inlineCallbacks
from autobahn.twisted.wamp import ApplicationSession, ApplicationRunner

class Component(ApplicationSession):
    def __init__(self, config=None):
       ApplicationSession.__init__(self, config)
        print("component created")

   def onConnect(self):
        print("transport connected")
        self.join(self.config.realm)

    def onChallenge(self, challenge):
        print("authentication challenge received")

    @inlineCallbacks
    def onJoin(self, details=None):
        print("session attached")
        self.received = 0
        for x in range(1, 501):
            sub = yield self.subscribe(self.on_event, u'com.myapp.topic{}'.format(x))
            if x % 100 == 0:
                print("Subscribed to {} topics".format(x))

    def on_event(self, i=None):
        print("Got event: {}".format(i))
        self.received += 1
        self.config.extra for configuration, etc. (see [A])
        if self.received > self.config.extra['max_events']:
            print("Received enough events; disconnecting.")
            self.leave()

    def onDisconnect(self):
        print("disconnected")
        if reactor.running:
            reactor.stop()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    runner = ApplicationRunner(
        url=u"ws://localhost:8080/ws",
        realm=u"realm1",
        extra=dict(
            max_events=5000,  # [A] pass in additional configuration
        ),
    )
    print(runner.log)
    runner.run(Component)

I have an instance of crossbar running on my localhost for testing, and when I access that, everything works.
2016-04-01T17:26:16+0000 component created
2016-04-01T17:26:16+0000 transport connected
2016-04-01T17:26:16+0000 session attached
(stuff happens here, events get published, until max is reached)
2016-04-01T17:26:19+0000 Received SIGINT, shutting down.
2016-04-01T17:26:19+0000 disconnected
2016-04-01T17:26:19+0000 Main loop terminated.

But if I try to connect to other hosts, two things will happen:
If it's a secure port:
2016-04-01T17:26:16+0000 component created
2016-04-01T17:26:16+0000 transport connected

(the session never gets attached, program hangs)
If it's an insecure port:
2016-04-01T17:26:16+0000 component created
2016-04-01T17:26:16+0000 transport connected
2016-04-01T17:26:19+0000 disconnected
2016-04-01T17:26:19+0000 Main loop terminated.

(the connection kicks me out automatically before the session gets attached
The host I'm trying to connect to has 8080 for secure port and 8081 for insecure. So all I change is:
url=u'ws://{hostname}:8080/ws', (or)
url=u'ws://{hostname}:8081/ws',

I wanna know if I'm missing something obvious about WAMP connections or if this is probably a configuration issue on the crossbar instance I'm trying to connect to.

A: I fixed my problem by running this on a virtualenv with the following versions of autobahn and twisted:
autobahn==0.10.2
Twisted==15.1.0

I don't know why the latest versions were behaving this way, I just know that my code above will only work on those versions.


Black Friday sales have had a huge impact on the sales of PlayStation 4 consoles, as last week was the biggest week since its launch in November 2013.
Previously, the best week since launch was Black Friday of 2015 but this year's sales have proven even more successful. The slim version of the PlayStation 4 was sold in many places for less than £200 and was bundled with a few high profile games that have now re-entered the top selling software charts. The recently released PlayStation 4 Pro may also have aided the sales figures as PlayStation fans continue to upgrade their console.
There is no news on how the Xbox One sold during Black Friday week but similar deals and the popularity of the Xbox One S means it is likely to have sold similarly well. There is also no information available on how the two consoles performed in the US during Black Friday week.
FIFA 17 also returned to the top of the software sales chart after its price was lowered by a number of retailers, knocking Call of Duty: Infinite Warfare off the top spot.


Sekine sees her work as a three-dimensional object whose sides you cannot see from any one perspective, but one that requires you to move around to view. Even though her work is on a two-dimensional canvas, each piece looks different as you change your perspective or depending on your feeling. What she draws is the memory of her experience. Although it is not a specific experience, but an integrated moment of when her heart moved in her life. Her works evokes our memory and emotion to see our life from a different perspective.


Here are a few of my selected Sermons, D'vrei Torah, and Editorials.
"During the Day of Atonement, the sexton told Rabbi Hayyim Sandzer that a congregant, who was both wealthy and miserly, had fainted due to the fast and asked if he could give him some water.
'According to the law, you can give him a spoonful of water,' the rabbi said.
A few minutes later the sexton reported to the rabbi that the man was revived but had fainted again and asked for more water.
A little levity on a very heavy day. Yom Kippur – the Day of Atonement. Judaism teaches that even on Yom Kippur, even on the holiest of days, we are required to take care of our bodies…even if that means breaking the fast on Yom Kippur. For many Jews, the idea of breaking the fast is not even thinkable. After all, we are standing (or sitting) in front of the Gates – in our most vulnerable state. We are standing in front of God, hoping and praying that our sins are forgiven. We do not even want to imagine the alternative.
This morning, I would like for us to focus on the word Yireh. This Hebrew word translates to mean fear or awe. The most common use of this word is Yireh Adonai – the Fear or Awe of God. Fear and Awe – these are two words that can bring up different images for each of us. What things are you afraid of? What things do you think are awesome? On Yom Kippur, what many of us might fear is the unknown – what will happen next? However, if you take a step back and think about the image of standing in front of the Gates…standing in front of God – this is also an awesome concept. Of course, our liturgy on the High Holy Days also speak of this tension – fear or awe.
This prayer is meant to follow the month-long work of t'shuvah and self-reflection of the month of Elul, and I think the prayer has its intended effect only if we have encouraged our people to take Elul seriously, if we have helped them to develop a discipline for looking at some of the issues in their lives, perhaps with a different agenda each week; perhaps taking advantage of prayer services during Elul to help them do that. If they have done this work, if we have done it (which we often don't give ourselves the time to do), Un'taneh Tokef becomes like a major final exam. We can go in with confidence, with fear, with a rushing adrenaline; but the adrenaline can be interpreted as similar to the rushing angels (second stanza), who are our representatives, our advocates in heaven. These malachim (angels) insist that we help people develop a sense of yirah, and if we can help them do that during Elul, this prayer offers them a great opportunity to experience yirah (fear or awe of God) in all its power.
Fear or awe – there it is again. We are here today on Yom Kippur – in awe but also afraid. I mentioned earlier that one thing we are afraid of is not knowing exactly what our future holds. There is more, though. We may be in awe at the magnitude and greatness of today…but the immense importance of this day also causes fear for us – but why?
This section of our High Holy Day liturgy gives us a lot to think about, a lot to perhaps be afraid of. However, this reading may seem quite troubling to some of us. Should we assume that if we live, we are successful and if we die, we are failures? That sounds like a God many of us would have trouble believing in. Throughout this sermon I have mentioned the words fear and awe. We have pondered the differences between fear and awe. Well, we understand our God to be a God of mercy, a God who loves the people Israel. So, while we may have fears, we also recognize the awesomeness of God in our lives…especially as God judges us in truth on Yom Kippur.
17 years ago last week was one of the darkest days in the history of our beloved United States. On September 11, 2001, I was woken up very early in the morning by Batya. "Get up, Erin, you need to see this..." What I was about to spend the next 5 hours watching (really glued to the TV) was something that seriously affected my life then and continues to affect my life every day. You see, I had a sister who was supposed to be campaigning about a block or so away from the Twin Towers. And my brother? He was supposed to be in NY (with my sister) for a meeting and some campaigning. "Oh my God," I thought. "What about Bekki and Jason?"
Fortunately, I was able to get through to my Mom in Columbia, SC. She told me she had spoken to Bekki and Jason. Mom described for me in detail the story Bekki had told her of running as fast as she could away from the Twin Towers. She relayed a story of New Yorkers uniting and walking together for miles and miles to get to their homes or away from the destruction. What about Jason? For some reason, Jason never made it on the train to NY - so he missed being in harm's way. There were millions of Americans, however, that were never able to feel the same relief I was. Yes – one of the darkest days of American history; but even in the darkest of times, Americans walked hand and hand to safety.
I have told this story many times throughout my rabbinate. Today, however, I want to add more to the story. When I was interviewing for my first job out of seminary, I was interviewed by one of the first responders who went without hesitation to help those in need. He had moved down to Johns Creek, Georgia shortly after 9/11. In our conversations, he mentioned to me what that day and the days that followed were like. As the doctor in charge of assigning medical staff to various places, he was right there – at Ground Zero. Today, he has a permanent asthmatic condition – because of his exposure to the smoke and debris filled air at Ground Zero.
Often, while we remember those who were killed on September 11, we neglect to think of those who put their bodies in danger to help others, those who acted first without worrying about what might happen to their own health later on. Whether they suffer permanent health challenges or not, we much consider them and the challenges they face today. As we think about them, we also consider those in our community who may want to fast today but are unable. We pray that God send healing to all of them and to all of us.
YOM KIPPUR. The Day of Atonement. Should we fast? The question was hotly debated. To fast could mean a more certain, more rapid death. In this place, we were always fasting. It was Yom Kippur year-round. But there were those who said we should fast, precisely because it was dangerous to do so. We needed to show God that even here, locked in hell, we were capable of singing His praises.
I did not fast. First of all, to please my father who had forbidden me to do so. And then, there was no longer any reason for me to fast. I no longer accepted God's silence. As I swallowed my ration of soup, I turned that act into a symbol of rebellion, of protest against Him.
And I nibbled on my crust of bread.
Deep inside me, I felt a great void opening.
The story I just read came directly from Elie Wiesel's Night. In his book, Wiesel teaches us of his own memories/experiences during the worst period in Jewish history. This period – the time before during and after the Shoah – was not just devastating for World Jewry (in particular European Jewry), it was also one of the scariest or most fear filled times of human history. When it came time for Wiesel and his fellow Jews to decide what to do on Yom Kippur – fast, potentially speeding up their own demise or Not Fast – I do not believe fear even entered their minds – or at least not the same kind of fear we face today on Yom Kippur.
For the Jews suffering through living in the concentration or death camps, their fear was of their captors – the Nazi soldiers who made the decisions as to their futures – not as Jews, but as living, breathing humans. While there were many God-fearing people in the camps, there were also those who turned inward for their hopes and dreams of living through the hell they were experiencing.
My sermon this morning began with some levity – perhaps a break from the power of today. I have also presented to you a few stories that speak of different aspects of the High Holy Day period and more specifically, Yom Kippur. While we recognize that God judges us today, we also know that God looks out and cares for us…sometimes we have a hard time understanding either the judgement or that God cares for us. Today is the day to dig deep, hold yourself accountable and work hard to be a better person…a better self.
God - grant us all the ability to move forward in 5779.
Alleviate our pain and sorrow, help us to feel refreshed and ready for what lies ahead.
G'mar Chatimah Tovah – May we all have a meaningful fast and may our New Year be sweet.
 "A Quick Thirst Quencher." The Yom Kippur Anthology, pg. 123. Phillip Goodman. The Jewish Publication Society of America, Philadelphia 1971.
 "Un'taneh Tokef: Contemporary Usage and Innovation," by Rabbi Richard N. Levy. Machzor Challenge and Change: Resource Pack for Individual and Group Study, pg. CCAR, New York, 2010.
 "A Fearful Cantor." The Yom Kippur Anthology, pg. 121. Phillip Goodman. The Jewish Publication Society of America, Philadelphia 1971.
 Night. Elie Wiesel, pg. 69. Les Editions de Minuit, 1958. Translation by Marion Wiesel, 2006.
These words from Leviticus 19:18, "Love your neighbor as yourself," have tremendous meaning for Jews today. When we open up the newspaper or watch the news, we are faced with many opportunities to live these words. Organizations such as the American Jewish World Service, the Susan G. Komen Foundation and the One Campaign present us with stories of people who are in need of our help and support. We open up our wallets and donate willingly to these causes; yet, the answer is not in the act of giving, it is in the understanding of why we are giving and the value in helping those who are in need.
These organizations open up our eyes to the larger global world we live in. However, we only need to look to our left and right for ways to live out these important words from Leviticus. Very early on in our lives, we are told "Do unto other as you would have them do unto you." As young children, we may not really understand what this "golden rule" means, but as we get older, we may come face to face with gossip or slander. Maybe a rumor was started about you or about someone you care about. All it takes is for one person to start a rumor for gossip to occur. In Judaism, we refer to לשון הרע, the evil tongue.
So, what is lashon hara? What does it mean to be considered a ba'al lashon hara? (bearer of the evil tongue) According to the Chofetz Chaim, Yisrael Meir (Kagan) Poupko, a very influential eastern European rabbi of the 18th and 19th centuries, a ba'al lashon hara is a person "who becomes accustomed to violating the very serious prohibition against speaking ill of others." According to the Sages, our beloved great Rabbis of the past, lashon hara kills three parties: the speaker, the listener and the one spoken about. Our Rabbis are making a very important point: Gossip is bad for anyone who is a part of it.
The Chofetz Chaim outlines the ten categories of forbidden speech: evil speech, tale-bearing, falsehood, flattery, mockery, oppressive speech, shaming others, expressions of conceit, controversy and expressions of anger. The first category, evil speech, is what we refer to as lashon hara. However, each of the other nine categories are equally important to consider. What may stand out in the list is the category of flattery. After all, when we flatter someone we usually have the best of intentions. According to the Chofetz Chaim, "the halakhic definition of chanufah (flattery) is 'minimizing another's iniquities in his presence.'" In a discussion recently with one of my colleagues, I learned that even giving flattery to someone "behind their back" is considered to be lashon hara. The explanation is that you are putting higher expectations on someone who may not be able to attain those expectations later on.
In Jewish Living: A Guide to Contemporary Reform Practice, Rabbi Mark Washofsky teaches about the effects of lashon hara in a variety of settings. "The Rabbis have long condemned the practice of gossip and slander in no uncertain terms, to the point that the impurity of slander is compared to that of leprosy and that the sin of lashon hara is said to be equivalent to the sins of idolatry, sexual immorality, and murder combined." Life is so important and so valued in Judaism that it is stated that to kill one life is as if you killed the world. When one participates in the act of lashon hara, they are killing all of those involved. The serious nature of this act is duly noted time and time again by our Rabbis. Although it may be impossible to eradicate gossip from the world, we should take every step we can to prevent ourselves and everyone around us from participating in gossip or slander.
 Cohen, Israel Meir, Gavriel Rubin, and Esther Chachamzedek. 2004. Day by day: readings for the soul from the Chofetz Chaim : collected from his writings. Jerusalem: Machon Bais Yechiel. Volume 1, pg. 10-11.
 Washofsky, Mark. 2010. Jewish living: a guide to contemporary Reform practice. New York: URJ Press, pg. 306.
Good Evening and Good Shabbos. Tonight, I want to address an issue that may be in the forefront of many of our minds. In the past seven months of my rabbinate – the first seven months of my rabbinate – I have had to bury almost a minyon. In seven months, I have had to bury almost 10 people. Each time, as I sat down to reflect on the deceased to make sure I gave the proper respect to each of them, I concentrated as hard as I could on the positive. I have refused to consider the how and why of these deaths…for as Rabbi Lebow expressed so eloquently, there is no WHY and there is no BECAUSE! However, what I have been thinking about this week are our children. I have spent more time this week focusing on one important issue, the issue I choose to address this evening: What do we tell our children when death, devastation and catastrophe happen?
I have thought about, listened to, and researched this topic. I am not sure I have the one correct answer. However, I do believe I can offer some thoughts and some insight into this challenging issue. As I sat down to think about what to write for this sermon, I decided to create a list of questions that I would want to focus on. Let me just name the elephant in the room. I believe that is the most appropriate place for us to begin. Our congregation has spent a lot of time recently in pain for a variety of reasons. Let me make something clear – I wrote this sermon because of several events, not just because of the events of this past week. It is vital, however, to stress that this sermon was guided by an extremely deep pain that I and so many in our congregation are feeling. It is not as if I decided to pour my heart out…it is because I believe that one of the key struggles for our congregation right now is: how do we speak to our children about this? Should we shield or shelter our children from the reality of our lives that sometimes is much darker than we would prefer? Or, should we allow our children to be aware of the many causes of our pain, allowing them to deal with and struggle with these causes in their own way?
Dr. Pelcovitz acknowledges that young children are not necessarily able to truly understand what "death" means, but that it is something that happens, just not to them. I am reminded of a conversation I had with Batya recently after the loss of a young person. When Carlie asked Batya what happened, Batya responded, "He died." Carlie asked, "How?" Batya then responded, "He hurt himself." Carlie's response, "That wasn't very smart," showed her ability to understand the severity of what happened. However, I have wondered since then if our response to Carlie was appropriate. I do understand that every parent has to come to their own conclusions regarding what they tell their children. But, when major events happen in our communities, should we not explain exactly what happened?
J. William Worden presents three views. The first view, expressed by Martha Wolfenstein in 1966, says "that children cannot mourn until there is a complete identity formation, which occurs at the end of adolescence, when the person is fully differentiated."[iii] Another, different view, expressed by Erna Furman in 1974, says "that children can mourn as early as 3 years of age…"[iv] Worden's view however, suggests "that children do mourn and what is needed is a model of mourning that fits children rather than the imposition of an adult model on children."[v] We could look at study after study and I am sure that we would find even more conflicting results. What does this tell us? I believe it suggests that there is NO one right way of approaching these issues. When catastrophes occur, organizations come together and make decisions about what to do next. Sometimes, unfortunately, though, the decision that is made is the "best of the worst." Ultimately, communities must bond together and work together to ensure everyone in their community has the opportunity to mourn or respond how they are most comfortable…and we must always be surrounded by those that love and care for us – that is a MUST!
So, we find ourselves in the same place we started. There is no one right way…however, what is clear is that we must speak to our children of the realities of life and death. Having these conversations, using words that will be easy to understand and in safe places, will enable our children to cope however they are able. If we do not give them the chance to mourn or cope, or, perhaps, the chance to learn how to mourn and cope, we might be causing more damage. Over the past 7 months here at TKE, my thoughts and approaches to raising my own daughter have changed. Maybe it is the constant grip that reality holds on me. Or, maybe I am realizing that when we are part of a community, we are going to have our crises…as well as our simchot.
Dear friends, this week has been long and difficult. We now find ourselves in the midst of Shabbat. Let us bask in the glory and sanctity of Shabbat. Let us take some time to reflect and think about those in our lives who are of the most importance. Please, please, please embrace them, tell them you love them. And, most importantly, know that each and every one of you is of extreme importance in my life (and in the life of my family).
On Monday, January 19, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, I invited my 9th grade students to join me as we watched "Selma," the recent movie directed by Oprah Winfrey. My 9th grade class curriculum focuses on the history of Reform Judaism, specifically focusing on growing up as a Jew in the South. Prior to our trip to Selma, Alabama, in March, we will be spending some time at The Temple on Peachtree Street learning about and discussing the role the Atlanta Jewish community played in the Civil Rights movement of the mid 20th century. Of course, with the release of "Selma," I believed this to be a great introduction for my students.
Having recently read "What Selma Means to the Jews" by Dr. Susannah Heschel, I was keenly aware of some of the criticism that has been given to "Selma." The criticism specified in Dr. Heschel's Op-Ed seems to focus on a few key points. In the first paragraph, Dr. Heschel writes, "Regrettably, the film represents the march as many see it today, only as an act of political protest." Yes, it is true – the film does focus on the politics of the Civil Rights Movement. However, there is also a special focus on Dr. King's invitation to clergy nationwide to join him in Selma. The movie's emphasis on this invitation is significant. As a matter of fact, the brutal murder of one of these ministers happens to be one of the most difficult and tense scenes in the entire movie. In my opinion, the most spiritually uplifting scene in the movie occurs when Dr. King knelt down to pray and then turned around and walked the other direction, back from where he came.
As a rabbi, I have always appreciated Dr. King's comparison of the march from Selma to the Exodus of the Jews out of Egypt. Dr. Heschel writes about this as well in her Op-Ed: "Not only were the Israelites leaving Egypt, the place of enslavement, but also the Egyptians, because there was a hope at Selma that white America was repudiating its racism." It is true that we still have a long way to go in this country in order to finish the "Exodus from Selma." However, the march was a great step and a foundational moment in our history. This cannot be ignored, just as any first step in achieving the prophetic vision of total justice for all peoples.
The most significant criticism of "Selma" was that there was not more of a focus on the relationship between Dr. King and Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel. Dr. King and Rabbi Heschel had a very special relationship. The very famous picture of Rabbi Heschel walking alongside Dr. King, Ralph Bunche, Rep. John Lewis, Rev. Fred Shuttleworth and Rev. C.T. Vivian is one of the most well known artifacts from the Civil Rights period. While the picture represents a future filled with hope, one in which justice can be achieved, the focus of "Selma" was on the struggle of African Americans and the eventual outcome.
As a rabbi in the South, I understand completely the significance of the shared history of Blacks and Jews. When I walked out of the movie theater, I was not upset or frustrated that there was not more of a focus on the Jewish community and their role. I was not upset that a particular person or group was not included. I was inspired, not only by the actors and the roles they played, but also by the message from 50 years ago that still applies today.


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Britain | Legal aid
Lawyers' revolt
Oct 23rd 1997 |
"REFORM, don't talk to me about reform," complained a 19th-century judge. "Things are bad enough already." The furious braying of the legal profession at the reforms of legal aid announced last week by the Lord Chancellor, Lord Irvine, is a reminder that no profession fights its corner more fiercely than lawyers. Headlines such as "millions stripped of right to legal aid" were fuelled by alarmist comments from its leaders. Robert Owen, chairman of the Bar Council, representing Britain's 9,000 barristers, claimed that replacing civil legal aid by "no-win no-fee" litigation would lead to the public being "ripped off" by lawyers.
That warning is revealing, not least because solicitors and barristers, the two wings of the legal profession, have been quietly ripping off the public purse for years by pursuing cases financed by the taxpayer which had minimal chances of success. The success rate of legally aided medical-negligence cases, for example, is only 17%. The replacement of legal aid by conditional fees which allow solicitors to charge for their costs only if they win will at least put a stop to this abuse.
Switching the risks of litigation from taxpayers to lawyers also offers some hope of staunching what has become the fastest-growing area of public expenditure. In the past six years spending on legal aid has increased by 115% from £682m to £1.47 billion despite ever stricter means tests which exclude most of the population from coverage. An unpopular programme which doubles its real cost every five years while providing a deteriorating service is long overdue for the axe.
Philip Sycamore, the president of the Law Society, claims that the reforms represent "a massive cut in access to justice". Not so. The extension of conditional fees will improve access to justice for the 90% of the population who cannot afford the costs of litigating on their own, but who do not qualify for free legal aid. A more telling criticism is that the reforms improve access to justice for the middle classes, at the expense of the poor. Some poorer litigants with a weak case may indeed be losers, because they will be unable to find a lawyer willing to back them on a conditional fee basis. But why should the taxpayer be expected to pay for speculative litigation on which no private individual would risk his or her own money?
This article appeared in the Britain section of the print edition under the headline "Lawyers' revolt"
Britain October 25th 1997
Foes and fogeys
The apostles of modernity
Special problem
New Labour, new language
A wigging for Lord Irvine
Spun out
From the October 25th 1997 edition

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We want to thank you for visiting the Softtouch Dental website! Our goal is for your first visit to be one of comfort and acknowledgement of your personal dental needs.
Interested? Complete the form below and we will contact you today! Or feel free to call us at Softtouch Dental and Implant Center Phone Number 214-644-0010.


Let go of the mouse and the tool will "close" the selection area.
To subrtact part of the selection, hold down the Ctrl key and select the area you DON'T want of the original selection.
Let go of the mouse and keyboard.


"Through video dialogue and portraiture, the museum goers are not just given facts to go away with but are also left to make their own connections with this subject matter in their own lives," Avila explained.
For four nights in September, the Will Geer Theatricum Botanicum presents the controversial one-woman play that has become a flashpoint for opposing viewpoints about Israel's presence in the Gaza strip. Susan Angelo directs Samara Frame in "My Name is Rachel Corrie,"composed from the journals, letters and emails of the 23-year-old American peace activist who died protesting the demolition of a Palestinian home in Gaza. Four performances take place on September 1, 8, 15, 22 at 8 pm in the S. Mark Taper Foundation Pavilion at Theatricum Botanicum. A moderated audience talk-back will follow each performance.
When the play premiered at the Royal Court in London, England in the spring of 2005, it played to sold-out houses and rave reviews. Despite this success, the New York Theatre Workshop put the planned U.S. premiere on hold in the face of public protests, including threats of violence. In the end, the play opened as a commercial production at the Minetta Lane Theatre in Greenwich Village in the fall of 2006, and has since seen productions throughout the U.S. and Canada.
Monday, Feb. 02, 2009 - "Fertile Dreams," a solo exhibit by LA artist Freyda Miller, opens Sat. Feb. 7 at Art Dimensions in Westwood. Integrating assemblage, photography, and installation, Miller explores complex aspects of the maternal psyche. The evocative and vulnerable portrayal of the feminine raises issues of autonomy, stereotypes, equality and self-esteem. Fertile Dreams takes on a life of its own, dealing with primal emotions and thoughts that transcend time and place. Images of life and death emerge along with dreamlike qualities of both flight and confinement. The exhibit runs thru Mar. 21.
Donate Old Protest Posters and Placards for an Art Exhibit!!!
Did you make one of those creative, poignant, angry, sublime, ironic, raging signs we have been seeing in the recent Iraq protests? Did you labor over a handmade banner at all the anti-sweatshop marches? Did you make some amazing anti-Bush sign that has only been seen by your fellow protesters?
Now is the time to show them in a museum!


text:
from os.path import (
    dirname,
    abspath,
    join,
)
import platform

PKG = "nbpresent"

REPO_ROOT = abspath(join(dirname(__file__), "..", ".."))
PKG_ROOT = join(REPO_ROOT, PKG)
SRC = join(REPO_ROOT, "src")
DIST = join(PKG_ROOT, "static", PKG)
JS = join(DIST, "js")
CSS = join(DIST, "css")

IS_WIN = "Windows" in platform.system()

def node_bin(*it):
    return join(REPO_ROOT, "node_modules", ".bin", *it)

def external(*modules):
    # browserify --external
    return sum([["--external", m] for m in modules], [])

transform = [
    "--transform", "[", "babelify", "--sourceMapRelative", ".", "]",
]

extension = ["--extension", "es6"]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Do you, or someone you love have Sickle Cell Disease? Would you like to share your story of how it has affected your life? We invite you to submit your story to us. Please include your contact information (name, email address). Only stories that can be confirmed will be used for the website.
Would you like more information on our scholarship program? Currently, there are only two chapters of Faces of Sickle Cell Disease: in Fort Myers Florida, and in Orlando Florida. If you would like to submit a name of a child living in one of those two areas, please let us know.
Would you be interested in organizing a local chapter in your own home town? If so, please contact us for further information.


text:
Q: Express.js - req.query vs req.params Before you mark this as a duplicate, please understand that I was not able to get the explanations I was looking for from other answers.
If I was making an app that looked for a customer based on a URL id, what is the difference between saying customers/1234 and using req.params and customers?id=1234 and using req.query? What do the two url data methods do differently?

A: there is no difference whatsoever from the performance or functionality. is about the standards specifically restful vs non restful urls. usually on restful services the resources identification portion lies on the path and the query or search is used for filtering purposes. this is considered a good practice and it is convention. there is no actual technical reason behind it other than being easier to read and identify. you can learn more about this in places like
https://restfulapi.net/resource-naming/
http://www.vinaysahni.com/best-practices-for-a-pragmatic-restful-api
https://hackernoon.com/restful-api-designing-guidelines-the-best-practices-60e1d954e7c9
Among others.
It is all about what you are trying to build and how close to the standards do you want to stay

A: According to the express docs it looks like the differences between req.query and req.params are just as you mentioned, in that they are a different way to achieve a similar end result. Which you choose is really just a matter of your personal preference for how you want to pass data to Express.

A: It's the same, but customers/1234 is prettier than customers?id=1234 in URLs.
It depends on what you prefer, but if you compare websites, you'll see that many of them use the first syntax. Look at Stackoverflow for example.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
set -e

. /opt/kolla/kolla-common.sh

get_or_create_domain() {
    local DOMAIN_NAME=$1

    DOMAIN_ID=$(designate domain-create --name $DOMAIN_NAME | awk '/id/ { print $4; }')
    # Searching domain if not created
    if [ -z $DOMAIN_ID ]; then
        DOMAIN_ID=$(designate domain-list | awk "/$DOMAIN_NAME/ { print \$2; }")
    fi
    # Fail if domain still don't exist
    if [ -z $DOMAIN_ID ]; then
        echo "Creating domain failed" 1>&2
        exit 1
    fi

    echo $DOMAIN_ID
}

check_required_vars DESIGNATE_DB_PASSWORD DESIGNATE_KEYSTONE_PASSWORD \
                    KEYSTONE_PUBLIC_SERVICE_HOST RABBITMQ_SERVICE_HOST \
                    DESIGNATE_BIND9_RNDC_KEY DESIGNATE_BACKEND \
                    KEYSTONE_PUBLIC_SERVICE_PORT DESIGNATE_KEYSTONE_USER \
                    RABBIT_USERID RABBIT_PASSWORD DESIGNATE_DB_USER \
                    DESIGNATE_DB_NAME KEYSTONE_AUTH_PROTOCOL \
                    KEYSTONE_ADMIN_SERVICE_HOST KEYSTONE_ADMIN_SERVICE_PORT \
                    DEBUG_LOGGING DESIGNATE_POOLMAN_POOLID

fail_unless_db
dump_vars

cat > /openrc <<EOF
export OS_AUTH_URL="http://${KEYSTONE_PUBLIC_SERVICE_HOST}:${KEYSTONE_PUBLIC_SERVICE_PORT}/v2.0"
export OS_USERNAME="${DESIGNATE_KEYSTONE_USER}"
export OS_PASSWORD="${DESIGNATE_KEYSTONE_PASSWORD}"
export OS_TENANT_NAME="${ADMIN_TENANT_NAME}"
EOF

conf=/etc/designate/designate.conf

# Regular configuration.
crudini --set $conf DEFAULT log_file ""
crudini --set $conf DEFAULT use_stderr "True"
crudini --set $conf DEFAULT debug "${DEBUG_LOGGING}"
crudini --set $conf DEFAULT rpc_backend "designate.openstack.common.rpc.impl_kombu"

crudini --set $conf oslo_messaging_rabbit rabbit_host "${RABBITMQ_SERVICE_HOST}"
crudini --set $conf oslo_messaging_rabbit rabbit_userid "${RABBIT_USERID}"
crudini --set $conf oslo_messaging_rabbit rabbit_password "${RABBIT_PASSWORD}"

crudini --set $conf storage:sqlalchemy connection "mysql://${DESIGNATE_DB_USER}:${DESIGNATE_DB_PASSWORD}@${MARIADB_SERVICE_HOST}/${DESIGNATE_DB_NAME}"

crudini --set $conf service:api auth_strategy "keystone"
crudini --set $conf service:api api_host "${PUBLIC_IP}"

# Eventhough this is a central-scoped item, it's used in other Designate
# components as well. Thus it should be configured here, from designate-base.
crudini --set $conf service:central default_pool_id "${DESIGNATE_POOLMAN_POOLID}"

crudini --set $conf keystone_authtoken identity_uri "${KEYSTONE_AUTH_PROTOCOL}://${KEYSTONE_ADMIN_SERVICE_HOST}:${KEYSTONE_ADMIN_SERVICE_PORT}"
crudini --set $conf keystone_authtoken auth_uri "${KEYSTONE_AUTH_PROTOCOL}://${KEYSTONE_PUBLIC_SERVICE_HOST}:${KEYSTONE_PUBLIC_SERVICE_PORT}/v2.0"
crudini --set $conf keystone_authtoken admin_tenant_name "${ADMIN_TENANT_NAME}"
crudini --set $conf keystone_authtoken admin_user "${DESIGNATE_KEYSTONE_USER}"
crudini --set $conf keystone_authtoken admin_password "${DESIGNATE_KEYSTONE_PASSWORD}"

if [ "${DESIGNATE_BACKEND}" == "bind9" ]; then
    # Configure a key for RNDC so it can connect with Bind9 to create/delete
    # zones.
    cat > /etc/rndc.key <<EOF
key "rndc-key" {
    algorithm hmac-md5;
    secret "${DESIGNATE_BIND9_RNDC_KEY}";
};
EOF
fi


On Monday I went in to see the doctor and demanded an alternative to the twice daily gauze packing. He stopped short of mocking me for waiting so long and agreed to stick needles full of lidocaine in me and then staple me shut. And so he did. And while the staples aren't exactly comfortable, it is nice not to have to schedule my mornings and evenings around both a baby and a husband. The cool part, I go back tomorrow to see if they are ready to come out. Already!
I have some new pictures to post, but I have to get them cropped and resized and that takes time and two hands. While I do have lots of time sitting around on the couch, there is a tiny little boy occupying both of my hands most of the day. I sure am looking forward to a time when he will be happy napping in his crib or hanging out in his swing or anything really that doesn't involve me holding him. It makes for a very long day when he screams anytime I put him down and sometimes while I am holding him but sitting still instead of pacing around the house bouncing. It's a really good thing he's cute. And sometimes cuddly and sleepy and warm. On a non-complaining note, Nathan has been consistently sleeping about 5 hours at a stretch at night. Can't complain about that.
Glad to hear you're stapled shut! I can't imagine how annoying the gauze must've been. As far as Nathan and his fussing, Ivy is still like that — always wanting to be held and bounced. She's 3 months, so hopefully Nathan won't take that long to grow out of it! Oh, and Ivy's always slept on her stomach, even though she's not "supposed" to. It's the only way they could get her to sleep without one of them holding her!


text:
Q: How to get the earliest and latest dates from an array objects My code is working as expected but I'm having a hard time finding and adding the earliest_date, the next_date and the latest_date from my data.

let tasks_data = [
    {
      'id': 10376401,
      'name': 'closed',
      'notes': null,
      'start_date': '2017-12-23',
      'end_date': '2018-01-07',
      'start_time': null,
      'end_time': null,
      'color': '#f99bd0',
      'color_id': 5,
      'estimated_hours': 0,
      'done': false,
      'user_id': 961775,
      'project_id': null,
      'project': null,
      'folder_id': null,
      'weight': 0,
      'created_at': '2017-11-13T00:58:16.577+00:00',
      'updated_at': '2017-11-13T00:58:16.577+00:00',
      'deleted_at': null
    },
    {
      'id': 10438883,
      'name': '',
      'notes': null,
      'start_date': '2018-02-17',
      'end_date': '2018-02-17',
      'start_time': null,
      'end_time': null,
      'color': '#ccaf53',
      'color_id': 36,
      'estimated_hours': 0,
      'done': false,
      'user_id': 961775,
      'project_id': 1501267,
      'project': {
        'id': 1501267,
        'name': 'sue',
        'color': '#ccaf53',
        'color_id': 36,
        'client': null,
        'created_at': '2017-11-17T03:14:11.459+00:00',
        'updated_at': '2017-11-17T03:14:11.459+00:00'
      },
      'folder_id': null,
      'weight': 0,
      'created_at': '2017-11-17T03:15:48.055+00:00',
      'updated_at': '2017-11-17T03:15:48.055+00:00',
      'deleted_at': null
    },
    {
      'id': 10438875,
      'name': 'Sue',
      'notes': null,
      'start_date': '2018-01-27',
      'end_date': '2018-01-27',
      'start_time': null,
      'end_time': null,
      'color': '#ccaf53',
      'color_id': 36,
      'estimated_hours': 0,
      'done': false,
      'user_id': 961775,
      'project_id': 1501267,
      'project': {
        'id': 1501267,
        'name': 'sue',
        'color': '#ccaf53',
        'color_id': 36,
        'client': null,
        'created_at': '2017-11-17T03:14:11.459+00:00',
        'updated_at': '2017-11-17T03:14:11.459+00:00'
      },
      'folder_id': null,
      'weight': 0,
      'created_at': '2017-11-17T03:14:11.903+00:00',
      'updated_at': '2017-11-17T03:14:50.363+00:00',
      'deleted_at': null
    }
  ]

  var start_dates = new Array()
  var end_dates = new Array()
  var result = tasks_data.reduce(function (acc, item) {
    var task = acc.find(function (accItem) {
      return accItem.project_id == item.project_id
    })
    if (task && !Array.isArray(task.schedule)) {
      task.schedule = [task.schedule].concat({
        project_id: item.project_id,
        start_date: item.start_date,
        end_date: item.end_date,
        daily_estimate: item.estimated_hours,
      })
      task.start_dates.push(item.start_date)
      task.end_dates.push(item.end_date)
      task.next_start_dates.push(item.start_date)
    } else if (task && Array.isArray(task.schedule)) {
      task.schedule.push({
        project_id: item.project_id,
        start_date: item.start_date,
        end_date: item.end_date,
        daily_estimate: item.estimated_hours,
      })
      task.start_dates.push(item.start_date)
      task.end_dates.push(item.end_date)
      task.next_start_dates.push(item.start_date)
    } else {
      acc.push({
        project_id: item.project_id,
        schedule: {
          project_id: item.project_id,
          start_date: item.start_date,
          end_date: item.end_date,
          daily_estimate: item.estimated_hours,
        },
        start_dates: [item.start_date],
        end_dates: [item.end_date],
        next_start_dates: [item.start_date],
      })
    }

    return acc
  }, [])

  console.log(result) // I got the dates stored in an array. I will now use the final result to parse it and get the earliest, latest and next_start date. Don't know how to simplify it.

  function getEarliest (array_dates) {
    return array_dates.reduce(function (pre, cur) {
      return Date.parse(pre) > Date.parse(cur) ? cur : pre
    })
  }

Hello, World!

Welcome to Foo.

The "earliest" is the start_date, the latest is the end_date and for the next_start is also the start_date excluding the queried "earliest".
My expected output is:
[
{
  "project_id": null,
  "schedule": {
    "project_id": null,
    "start_date": "2017-12-23",
    "end_date": "2018-01-07",
    "daily_estimate": 0
  },
  earliest: "2017-12-23",
  latest: "2018-01-07",
  next_start: "2017-12-23"
},
  {
    "project_id": 1501267,
    "schedule": [
      {
        "project_id": 1501267,
        "start_date": "2018-02-17",
        "end_date": "2018-02-17",
        "daily_estimate": 0
      },
      {
        "project_id": 1501267,
        "start_date": "2018-01-27",
        "end_date": "2018-01-27",
        "daily_estimate": 0
      }
    ],
    earliest: "2018-01-27",
    latest: "2018-02-17",
    next_start: "2018-02-17"
  }
]


A recent survey of Fortune 500 companies revealed that one in five Fortune 500 companies have implemented complete bans on all cell phone use while driving, in response to growing concerns regarding liability over cell phone related auto accidents by their employees. Almost half of the companies that have implemented such bans have done so after 2007, indicating a growing awareness of the risk posed by distracted drivers and the potential liability of employers.
A fair amount of research indicates that cell phone use, including talking, texting and other smart phone use, constitutes the most prevalent driver distraction. Data shows that drivers are four times more likely to be involved in a car accident when using a cell phone. The recent survey result suggests that employers are taking steps to protect their employees and others with whom they share the road by implementing total cell phone bans. At Montlick and Associates, Attorneys at Law, we have been representing Georgia car accident victims who suffer serious injuries and wrongful death for over 35 years.
Company Settles Despite Employee Violation of Company Hands Free Policy: This case brought against International Paper Company by an Atlanta woman settled for $5.2 million in 2007. The woman lost her arm after being rear-ended by the company's employee who was talking on her cell phone. This case is somewhat surprising because the company settled despite the employee's violation of a company policy that expressly prohibited employees from talking on a cell phone and restricted cell phone use to hands free use only.
Law Firm Settles $30 Million Lawsuit after Attorney Kills Pedestrian: The Virginia law firm settled the 2004 case for an undisclosed amount after one of its attorneys collided with and killed a pedestrian while the attorney was talking on the phone with a client. In this case, the attorney was clearly involved in law firm business, which was both encouraged and anticipated by the employer.
Jury Awards $21 Million to Passenger Struck by Salesperson Making Sales Call: A Florida jury in 2001 awarded $21 million to the family of a passenger who was killed when struck by another driver who was making a sales call on behalf of the company at the time of the collision. Again, this is an example of an employee clearly engaged in activity on behalf of the employer which had no policy prohibiting such conduct and apparently anticipated and expected that its salespeople engaged in such activity.
$500,000 Settlement Where Employee Killed Motorcyclist While Talking on Personal Phone After Hours: A Pennsylvania investment firm settled a case for $500,000 when their employee struck and killed a motorcyclist while making a work-related call on the employee's personal phone after normal work hours. Again, despite the fact the employee was using a personal cell phone and conducting business outside of normal business hours, the employer appears to have been motivated to settle because the employee was clearly conducting company business.
These cases make clear that an employer can face enormous liability for serious injuries or wrongful death caused by their employees in distracted driving auto accidents. These cases share one thing in common in that in each case there was little dispute that the employees were engaged in company business. This fact seemed to override such factors as the employee using a personal cell phone, operating outside business hours or violating company policy limiting cell phone use to hands free calls only.
These results are consistent with the general legal theories that typically govern employer liability for injuries caused by employees. The doctrine of respondeat superior, which is the law in many states including Georgia, provides that an employer is liable for injuries caused by its employee if that employee was acting within the course and scope of his or her employment at the time the accident occurred. An additional basis of liability that may be asserted is that the employer is liable for their own negligence in failing to have policies prohibiting cell phone use while driving or encouraging employees to engage in distracted driving practices including use of a cell phone while driving.
An employee going out to lunch and on his own decides he will also conduct a business errand at some point during the excursion.
The employer has a written policy expressly banning cell phone use while driving but is aware that the policy is routinely violated and that the company ignores such violations or even tacitly approves such conduct.
The employer does not issue company cell phones and does not authorize business conducted outside company hours, but the employee is clearly engaged in business for the benefit of the employer.
These examples show how complex the legal and factual issues can be when an employer is sued for serious injuries or wrongful death caused by their employee in an auto accident while using a cell phone. It is sometimes very important that the liability of an employer be established because an employer will often have more resources to pay a judgment or settlement and more insurance coverage. Montlick and Associates, Attorneys at Law, represents Georgia car accident victims who are hurt or killed by distracted drivers using cell phones throughout Georgia. If you or someone you love has been injured by a distracted driver, we can advise you regarding your legal rights and explain the legal and factual issues involved in your auto accident case.
For information on Montlick & Associates' extensive efforts to prevent injuries by educating the public on the dangers of texting while driving, click here. To see our two minute news segment on Distracted Driving that appeared on ABC News, click here.
Our experienced Georgia distracted driver auto accident attorneys are available to assist clients throughout all of Georgia and the Southeast, including but not limited to Albany, Athens, Atlanta, Augusta, Columbus, Gainesville, Macon, Marietta, Rome, Roswell, Savannah, Smyrna, Valdosta, Warner Robins and all smaller cities and rural areas in the state. No matter where you are located we are just a phone call away, and we will even come to you. Call us 24 hours a day/7 days a week for your Free Consultation at 1-800-LAW-NEED (1-800-529-6333). You can also visit us online at www.montlick.com and use our Free Case Evaluation Form or 24 hour Live Online Chat.


text:
import textwrap
from datetime import date, timedelta

from django.conf import settings
from django.contrib.auth.models import Group
from django.core.mail import send_mail
from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand

from kitsune.questions.models import (Answer, Question)

class Command(BaseCommand):
    help = "Send an email about employee answered questions."

    def handle(self, **options):
        """
        We report on the users in the "Support Forum Tracked" group.
        We send the email to the users in the "Support Forum Metrics" group.
        """
        tracked_group = Group.objects.get(name='Support Forum Tracked')
        report_group = Group.objects.get(name='Support Forum Metrics')

        tracked_users = tracked_group.user_set.all()
        report_recipients = report_group.user_set.all()

        if len(tracked_users) == 0 or len(report_recipients) == 0:
            return

        yesterday = date.today() - timedelta(days=1)
        day_before_yesterday = yesterday - timedelta(days=1)

        # Total number of questions asked the day before yesterday
        questions = Question.objects.filter(
            creator__is_active=True,
            created__gte=day_before_yesterday,
            created__lt=yesterday)
        num_questions = questions.count()

        # Total number of answered questions day before yesterday
        num_answered = questions.filter(num_answers__gt=0).count()

        # Total number of questions answered by user in tracked_group
        num_answered_by_tracked = {}
        for user in tracked_users:
            num_answered_by_tracked[user.username] = Answer.objects.filter(
                question__in=questions,
                creator=user).values_list('question_id').distinct().count()

        email_subject = 'Support Forum answered report for {date}'.format(
            date=day_before_yesterday)

        email_body_tmpl = textwrap.dedent("""\
            Date: {date}
            Number of questions asked: {num_questions}
            Number of questions answered: {num_answered}
            """)
        email_body = email_body_tmpl.format(
            date=day_before_yesterday,
            num_questions=num_questions,
            num_answered=num_answered)

        for username, count in num_answered_by_tracked.items():
            email_body += 'Number of questions answered by {username}: {count}\n'.format(
                username=username, count=count)

        email_addresses = [u.email for u in report_recipients]

        send_mail(
            email_subject, email_body, settings.TIDINGS_FROM_ADDRESS, email_addresses,
            fail_silently=False)


text:
How wildfires are transforming California's most iconic landscapes
The Washburn Fire burns in Mariposa Grove in Yosemite National Park, Calif., on Friday, July 8, 2022.
AP Photo/Noah Berger
On a warm July day in Yosemite National Park, a group of researchers gathered at the foot of a giant sequoia tree.
The sky was, thankfully, clear. The same was not true for the southern tip of the park, where smoke from the nearby Oak Fire still hung heavily over the forest and residences. But this far north, near the Merced Grove trailhead, these researchers got lucky.
"We've been really fortunate," said Breezy Jackson, a fire ecologist and director of UC Merced's Yosemite and Sequoia field stations. "We don't know until we get here if the air quality is going to be good enough to work."
Jackson has lived in Yosemite for the last 12 years, currently residing in a small community inside the park called Wawona. As part of her job, she assists visiting researchers with their work — like she did that day.
But her work and personal life were recently upended. Just a few weeks earlier, she evacuated her home because of the Washburn Fire. It's the fifth evacuation order she's gotten in the last decade. While she's since returned home, she says it's hard to feel like life is back to normal when yet another fire burns close by.
"We're just having exponential changes in the way fire behaves in California and throughout the western United States," Jackson said. "And I don't see that slowing down in my lifetime."
All over California, wildfires have ravaged homes, communities and iconic landscapes in the state. Places that once seemed so permanent are disappearing from sight — and researchers are having to rethink how best to protect them.
Questioning instincts
By now, Jackson says she knows the drill. Her first evacuation was in 2013, during the Rim Fire. Since then, like many other seasoned evacuees, she's become an expert in the art of leaving quickly. She created a list years ago of her most important belongings, so she knows what to bring with her when she's forced to leave.
Life in and around Yosemite wasn't always like this. Jackson grew up in Bass Lake, an area only a few miles away from the park. And all her life, she was familiar with fire. Her dad was a firefighter. She's worked as a firefighter herself, too, and as a fire lookout. Fire wasn't something that necessarily scared her.
But in recent years, she's questioned her instincts. Wildfires have burned through forest land in ways she never could have expected.
"What we're seeing now is so far outside my frame of reference and my understanding that I don't trust my own judgment and intuition," she says.
Breezy Jackson is the director of UC Merced's Yosemite and Sequoia field stations. She assists researchers visiting Yosemite National Park. July 28, 2022.Manola Secaira / CapRadio
Fire or not, Jackson's work continues. She and the other researchers had set out that July day as part of an ongoing project to learn more about where giant sequoias are sourcing the water they need to survive, and how prescribed burning might impact that. These trees drink up about 1,000 gallons every day — the same amount as 20 filled bathtubs.
"Giant sequoias are kind of an indicator of locations where there is abundant reliable water," said Wendy Baxter, a forest canopy ecologist with the Marmot Society. "They wouldn't be here if there wasn't."
Anthony Ambrose is a researcher with the Marmot Society. On July 28, 2022, he and other researchers studied giant sequoias along the Merced Grove Trail in Yosemite National Park.Manola Secaira / CapRadio
For a long time, researchers like Baxter used to think of these trees as nearly indestructible. They can live for thousands of years and are resilient, often able to survive both drought and bug infestation.
But in a few short years, the foundation of that belief has been rocked by frequent and devastating wildfires. In the span of just two years, thousands of giant sequoias have died.
This sudden shift transformed the way that Baxter and her research partner, Anthony Ambrose, approached their work. Ambrose said that it prevented some of it from even happening — like last year, when they were supposed to take samples from trees in Giant Forest in Sequoia National Park, to the south. The KNP Complex fire unraveled those plans.
"The fires have really become a really significant issue for us," Ambrose said.
The approach to their research has changed, too.
"We had been thinking, 'Oh, maybe drought is something we really need to be focusing on'," Baxter said. "But fire has become even more of a concern for the giant sequoias and their ability to survive."
The roots of the park system
Many researchers are similarly reevaluating their understanding of their work. Garrett Dickman, a forest ecologist for Yosemite National Park, has spent the last few years responding to wildfires.
When he started his career, he had planned to study how changes in the landscape affect biodiversity. Nowadays, it's all about fire.
"It is almost impossible for me to imagine my job without heavily paying attention to fire," he said.
Dickman is often on site during a fire and is there to see its aftermath. He said it still shocks him, seeing thousands of giant sequoias killed in one fell swoop.
"You just see thousands of years tick away on your fingertips and they're gone," he said. "They're not going to be replaced in our lifetime or our children's lifetime or the lifetime after that."
In this Sunday, Sept. 19, 2021 file photo, Flames burn up a tree as part of the Windy Fire in the Trail of 100 Giants grove in Sequoia National Forest, Calif.AP Photo/Noah Berger
The story of these trees is entwined in the story of the national parks themselves. Dickman said that of the first four national parks ever made in the United States, three were created with the protection of giant sequoias in mind.
At the time, logging was one of the biggest killers of these trees. But white conservationists at the time, like Teddy Roosevelt and John Muir, were famously fascinated by them. That fascination boosted the trees' profile and in 1864, President Abraham Lincoln signed a bill that set aside protections for Yosemite Valley and the Mariposa Grove of Giant Sequoias, an area within what is now Yosemite National Park.
This created the groundwork for a later decision to designate the area as a national park. With that status came protection against free-range logging and a general "hands-off" approach to managing the area.
"That is why Yosemite is a national park," Dickman said. "The idea of the National Park Service is rooted in these trees."
On July 28, 2022, smoke from the nearby Oak Fire was visible throughout Yosemite National Park, as seen from Wawona Point.Manola Secaira / CapRadio
The primary threat to these trees has since shifted from logging or even drought to wildfires. To be clear: It's not that wildfires have never killed giant sequoias before. Dickman said that about 200 of the trees died in high-severity fires in the last 2,000 years.
But as many researchers have noted, that number has recently skyrocketed. Estimates say that thousands of giant sequoias burned in 2020 during the KNP Complex and Windy fires, and possibly over 10,000 of them in 2020's Castle Fire.
Dickman said that this loss is just one reason why these fires are called catastrophic.
Every year that he does this work, Dickman said, the reality of climate change becomes more and more real to him. It's impossible to escape. He said that his niece and nephew, who live in New Mexico, had to evacuate their home due to a fire this year, and they're still having nightmares about it.
"That's nothing that I ever had when I was a kid," he said.
In recent years, Dickman said that the National Parks Service has further departed from that traditional hands-off approach to managing the parks. He said their recent forest thinning efforts in Yosemite is one example, as well as their plans for reforestation in Sequoia National Park.
Moving forward, he said that active management efforts like this could help save giant sequoias, and forests as a whole, along with the homes of people who live beside them.
"We and the sequoias are joined at the hip in this," he said.
Restoration efforts in the Mariposa Grove of Giant Sequoias, which is located within Yosemite, have been ongoing for years. Pictured above is an area that was marked for restoration and was also impacted by the Washburn Fire.Manola Secaira / CapRadio
The change is also reflected in the new "R.A.D." framework that the NPS has created for its employees: Resist. Accept. Direct.
Dickman said that, basically, resist refers to preservation — resisting change, keeping the park as it is. Accept means acknowledging that there will be change to the parks that can't be controlled — like when a massive wildfire blazes through.
And direct means taking control of change when possible, and guiding new forest growth. After all, Indigenous people intentionally burned forest land and manipulated it in other ways to keep it healthy long before white settlers arrived.
"We really need to take a hard, hard look at what we're doing or not doing," he said. "You know, is taking action the same thing as taking inaction?"
Back in Wawona, Jackson said that she's also finding her own ways to reframe her work and life. She said she knows that peak wildfire season probably won't get much better in her lifetime.
Breezy Jackson works from her office in Wawona, a small community inside Yosemite National Park. July 27, 2022Manola Secaira / CapRadio
So, she's started to consider summer in Yosemite as a kind of winter — a time when people stay indoors, take shelter from extreme heat and smoke, and recuperate. It's a much different reality than she would have pictured as a child, but she said it's important to look for the positive, too.
"When I walk in the forest, I smell the bear clover, which has this very pungent, unique fragrance … I just feel so at home," she said. "At this point, it feels like it would be almost impossible to leave because of that intense desire to be here and protect my home."
Even if life becomes more difficult in Wawona, Jackson said that she's not going anywhere. There's much more work to be done.
Coalition of tribes, government agencies unite to restore California's giant sequoia population
Nearly a fifth of the state's giant sequoia population have been lost to wildfires in the last few years.


April 29, 2013 I have bought so many plants at the 2 Armstrongs in Northern California. More at the one in Dublin. I have never had a problem with my points that lead to a good discount. Once when vising Southern California I went to visit 2 there. I bought several plants including a tree at one and had no room in my car. At no charge, they added it to a shipment to the Dublin store in Northern California where I picked them up in perfect condition. The Dublin store has also special ordered leaf mold I think it is called for me since the stores in my area do not carry it. I love Armstrongs!
April 26, 2013 I am an old customer, I mean from way back. Armstrong is supposed to give you points based on your dollar amount of purchases. Mine is not nearly what it should be. I have to find the time to locate all my receipts, total them up, and ask management to make the adjustment. I should not have to do that.
June 22, 2009 This company employs pathological liars who make a fool out of their customers. This is the story: I wanted to exchange a rose bush I had bought at Armstrong. I went to the San Fernando Valley location at Magnolia and Coldwater. They had to special order the one I wanted. I got a telephone message from a guy called Dave informing me that the rose had arrived and I could go in at any time to pick it up. I went in and the rose was nowhere to be found. Neither was Dave. Another guy called Jose told me a convoluted story that my rose was in Pasadena?! and he asked the truck guy to bring it to the store. This was 10 AM. I went back at 4 PM. Another story again about why the truck could not make it but not to worry as Jose promised the truck would be in by 6 PM. No need to say that it did not happen. I left the rose I wanted to exchange at the nursery (a pretty expensive one) and of course I did not get a new one. I spent my entire Sunday (Father's Day!!) trying to get the phantom rose. Let me tell you I have never dealt with such a dishonest company. These people really do anything to make a buck.
March 18, 2007 When I return a fruit tree that had died the clerk always questions my receipt. I buy different items at the nursery and I have difficult finding the correct price of the tree.
All the items are lump together so it's hard to find the exact price I paid for the tree.
I think I'm be cheated on the price I paid and the price they refund me.
Garden Center. Something happened and they did not get any.
next year. Still none this January.
He twisted arms at corporate headquarters and got me one.
February 25, 2003 Ordered some roses for the first time from this company. All arrived in time, as specified, nice quality bareroot roses, liked the variety. Very satisfied!
January 22, 2003 Mr. Lincoln Roses were a bad batch last year. Had several not take off like they should have. Took bad to Armstrong and was replaced.
My neighbor had a sorry looking one during the year and I told him to take it back and he did. They replaced that as well.
Way to go Armstrong. Everyone can get a bad batch, but if you don't back up your products you are the bad batch. In this case you came out smelling like roses.


text:
La Šventoji (en ) est un court fleuve côtier du nord-ouest de la Lituanie et du sud-ouest de la Lettonie, long de .

Géographie
Elle prend sa source dans le district de Skuodas en Lituanie et sur  de son cours matérialise la frontière entre la Lettonie et la Lituanie. La Šventoji débouche dans la mer Baltique près de Šventoji, station balnéaire lituanienne au nord de Palanga.

Voir aussi

Notes et références

Fleuve côtier
Cours d'eau frontalier en Lituanie
Cours d'eau frontalier en Lettonie
Cours d'eau en Lituanie
Cours d'eau en Lettonie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia