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24 U.S.T. 1317
SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF ROMANIA
Consular Relations
TIAS 7643
24 U.S.T. 1317; 1972 U.S.T. LEXIS 254
July 5, 1972, Date-Signed
July 6, 1973, Date-In-Force
Convention and protocol signed at Bucharest July 5, 1972;
Ratification advised by the Senate of the United States of America March 27, 1973;
Ratified by the President of the United States of America April 16, 1973;
Ratified by the Socialist Republic of Romania January 23, 1973;
Ratifications exchanged at Washington June 6, 1973;
Proclaimed by the President of the United States of America June 18, 1973;
Entered into force July 6, 1973.
CONSULAR CONVENTION between the United States of America and
the Socialist Republic of Romania
BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
A PROCLAMATION
CONSIDERING THAT:
The Consular Convention between the United States of America and the Socialist Republic of Romania and a related Protocol were signed at Bucharest on July 5, 1972, the texts of which, in the English and Romanian languages, are hereto annexed;
The Senate of the United States of America by its resolution of March 27, 1973, two-thirds of the Senators present concurring therein, gave its advice and consent to the ratification of the Convention and related Protocol;
The Convention and related Protocol were duly ratified by the President of the United States of America on April 16, 1973, in pursuance of the advice and consent of the Senate, and were duly ratified on the part of the Socialist Republic of Romania;
It is provided in Article 40 of the Convention that the Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day following the date of the exchange of the instruments of ratification and it is provided in the Protocol that the provisions thereof shall be considered as an integral part of the Convention;
The instruments of ratification of the Convention and related Protocol were duly exchanged at Washington on June 6, 1973, and accordingly the Convention and the related Protocol enter into force on July 6, 1973;
NOW, THEREFORE, be it known that I, Richard Nixon, President of the United States of America, proclaim and make public the Convention of July 5, 1972 and the related Protocol to the end that they shall be observed and fulfilled with good faith on and after July 6, 1973 by the United States of America and by the citizens of the United States of America and all other persons subject to the jurisdiction thereof.
IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF, I have signed this proclamation and caused the Seal of the United States of America to be affixed.
DONE at the city of Washington this eighteenth day of June in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred seventy-three and of the Independence of the United States of America the one hundred ninety-seventh.
[SEAL]
The United States of America and the Socialist Republic of Romania, desirous of regulating consular relations between the two countries and of thus contributing to the development of their relations of friendship on the basis of respect for the principles of sovereignty and national independence, non-interference in internal affairs, equality in rights, and reciprocal advantage, have decided to conclude a consular convention and for that purpose have appointed their plenipotentiaries:
Mr. William P. Rogers, Secretary of State
The President of the Council of State of the Socialist Republic of Romania:
Mr. Corneliu Manescu, Minister of Foreign Affairs who, having communicated to each other their full powers, found to be in good and due form, have agreed as follows:
For the purpose of this Convention, the terms introduced hereunder shall have the following meaning:
a) "consular establishment" means any consulate general, consulate, vice consulate or consular agency;
b) "consular district" means the territory assigned to a consular establishment for the exercise of consular functions;
c) "the head of the consular establishment" means the consul general, consul, vice consul, or consular agent directing the consular establishment;
d) "consular officer" means any person authorized to perform consular functions, including the head of the consular establishment;
e) "consular employee" means any person employed in administrative, technical, or service functions of the consular establishment;
f) "consular premises" means the buildings or parts of buildings and the land ancillary thereto which are used exclusively for the purposes of the consular establishment;
g) "members of the family" means the spouse, minor children and other relatives of a consular officer or consular employee, who form part of his household;
h) "vessel" means any ship flying the flag of the sending state except warships;
i) "law" means the laws, decrees, regulations, ordinances and similar provisions having the force of law.
Establishment of Consular Posts
1. Either High Contracting Party may, under the present Convention, establish consular establishments in the territory of the other High Contracting Party; the establishment of a consular establishment shall, in each case, be subject to the consent of the receiving state.
2. The location in which a consular establishment will be established, its classification, and the area of the consular district, as well as any subsequent change thereof, shall be fixed by agreement between the sending state and the receiving state.
Heads of Consular Establishments
1. Before the head of a consular establishment is appointed, the sending state shall, through diplomatic channels, obtain the consent of the receiving state for that person.
2. The sending state shall, through diplomatic channels, transmit the consular commission of the head of the consular establishment to the receiving state.
3. The consular commission shall include the full name of the head of the consular establishment, his class, the consular district, and the location and classification of the consular establishment concerned.
4. The head of a consular establishment shall enter upon the exercise of his consular functions only after receipt of an exequatur or other authorization of the receiving state.
5. The receiving state may grant the head of the consular establishment provisional recognition to exercise his consular functions pending the receipt of his exequatur or other authorization.
Acting Chiefs
1. In the event the head of a consular establishment is unable to exercise his functions or if the position is vacant, the consular establishment may be placed under the temporary charge of a consular officer of the consular establishment concerned, of another consular establishment of the sending state located in the territory of the receiving state, or of a member of the diplomatic staff of the diplomatic mission of the sending state to the receiving state. The receiving state shall be notified in advance of the full name of the person appointed as acting head.
2. While the acting head is in charge of the consular establishment, the provisions of the present Convention shall apply to him on the same basis as to the head of the consular establishment concerned.
Consular Officers and Consular Employees
1. The sending state may staff its consular establishments with the number of consular officers and consular employees it considers necessary. The receiving state, however, may request that the number of such officers and employees be kept within limits considered by it to be reasonable and normal, having regard to existing circumstances and conditions in the consular district and to the needs of the particular consular establishment.
2. The sending state shall communicate in advance to the receiving state the full name and class of each consular officer other than the head of the consular establishment, as well as the full names and the duties of the consular employees.
3. Consular officers must be nationals of the sending state and must not have been admitted for permanent residence in the receiving state. However, nationals of the sending state, who, in accordance with the law of the receiving state, are also nationals of the latter, may be appointed as consular officers only with the consent of the receiving state.
4. Consular officers and consular employees who are nationals of the sending state may not carry on any other profession or undertake any activity for personal profit on the territory of the receiving state.
5. The receiving state shall, upon request, issue for each consular officer a document attesting to his consular capacity.
Procedures for Terminating the Activities of Consular Officers and Consular Employees
1. The receiving state may at any time, and without having to explain its decision, notify the sending state through diplomatic channels that a consular officer is persona non grata or that a consular employee is unacceptable. In such case, the sending state shall recall the consular officer or terminate the activities of the consular employee.
2. If the sending state refuses to fulfill this obligation within a reasonable period of time, the receiving state may, in the case of the head of the consular establishment, withdraw his exequatur or other authorization, or, in the case of another consular officer or of a consular employee, pursuant to notification to the sending state through diplomatic channels of the decision taken, cease to recognize that person in such a capacity.
The Exercise of Consular Functions
1. Consular functions are exercised for the protection of the rights and interests of the sending state and of its nationals in relations with the receiving state, for the development of commercial, economic, cultural and scientific relations, and for furthering any other type of friendly relations between the two states.
2. Consular functions shall be exercised by consular officers of the sending state; they may also be exercised by members of the diplomatic staff of the diplomatic mission of the sending state in the receiving state. The full names of the members of the diplomatic staff who will perform consular functions shall be notified in advance to the receiving state. Except as otherwise provided in this Convention, members of the diplomatic staff of the sending state who have been notified to the receiving state as performing consular functions shall continue to enjoy their diplomatic privileges and immunities.
3. Consular functions are exercised within the limits of the consular district. The exercise of consular functions outside the consular district will be done only with the prior consent of the receiving state.
Functions Relating to Records, Representation of Nationals, and the Issuance of Visas
Consular officers have the right to:
a) keep a register of nationals of the sending state who are domiciled in or are residents of their consular district;
b) issue and amend passports and other travel documents to nationals of the sending state and visas to persons who wish to travel in the sending state;
c) assure representation for nationals of the sending state before the judicial and other authorities of the receiving state, for the purpose of obtaining provisional measures for the preservation of the rights and interests of such nationals, to the extent that this is consistent with the law of the receiving state;
d) request and receive copies of or extracts from documents of public registry;
e) inquire of local authorities on behalf of a national of the sending state concerning his welfare, property, or other interests.
Transmittal and Receipt of Documents
1. Consular officers have the right to serve, in a manner not inconsistent with the law of the receiving state, upon nationals of the sending state who are on the territory of the receiving state, official documents which are from authorities of the sending state.
2. Consular officers shall have the right to receive on a voluntary basis from nationals of the sending state declarations intended for judicial or administrative procedure in the sending state in accordance with international agreements in force or, in the absence of such international agreements, in any other manner compatible with the law of the receiving state.
Notarial Functions
1. Consular officers shall be entitled, upon request, to act as notary and in capacities of a similar kind, and to perform certain functions of an administrative nature, provided that there is nothing contrary thereto in the law of the receiving state.
2. The acts and documents resulting from the exercise of the functions described in paragraph 1 of this Article shall have in the receiving state the same force and effect as though they were done, authenticated, or certified by the competent authorities of the receiving state, provided that there is nothing contrary thereto in the law of the receiving state.
Functions Relating to Vital Statistics
Consular officers are entitled to keep a register of births and deaths of nationals of the sending state and to issue certificates relating thereto. However, the provisions of this Article do not exempt any person from the obligations he may have under the law of the receiving state to notify the authorities of that state concerning births and deaths.
Functions Relating to Estates
1. Consular officers may perform in estates matters the following functions:
a) safeguarding the interests of nationals, both individuals and bodies corporate, of the sending state in cases of succession mortis causa in the territory of the receiving State, in accordance with the law of the receiving State;
b) subject to the practices and procedures obtaining in the receiving State, representing or arranging appropriate representation for nationals of the sending State before the tribunals and other authorities of the receiving State, for the purpose of obtaining, in accordance with the law of the receiving State, provisional measures for the preservation of the rights and interests of these nationals, where, because of absence or any other reason, such nationals are unable at the proper time to assume the defense of their rights and interests.
2. The competent authorities of the receiving State, if they have knowledge, shall without delay inform the consular establishment of the sending State, regarding:
a) the existence of an estate left by a national of the sending State who died in the receiving State;
b) the existence of an estate to which a national of the sending State who is not permanently resident in or represented in the receiving State has or claims an interest as legal inheritor, executor, or testamentary beneficiary, or with any other title.
3. In case a national of the sending state dies while located temporarily in or in transit through the territory of the receiving state, his personal effects, other than those acquired in the receiving state the export of which is prohibited at the time of his death, as well as sums of money left by him, shall be turned over to the consular establishment of the sending state with provisional title and without any formality.
Functions Relating to Maritime and River Navigation
1. Consular officers are entitled to extend aid and assistance to vessels of the sending state which enter a port within their consular district.
2. Consular officers are entitled to communicate with the crews of vessels of the sending state, visit the vessels, verify and confirm the vessel's papers and the documents relating to the cargo and, in general, see that the shipping law of the sending state is complied with. To the extent it does not violate the law of the receiving state, consular officers may likewise take the necessary measures to ensure order and discipline on such vessels.
3. In case of damage, stranding or shipwreck in the national or territorial waters of the receiving state of a vessel of the sending state, the competent authorities of the receiving state shall promptly notify the consular establishment and inform it of measures taken for the rescue and protection of the vessel, its crew, passengers, cargo and stores. To the extent authorized by the law of the receiving state, these authorities shall facilitate the cooperation of consular officers of the sending state in these measures and the attendance of consular officers at any proceedings which are convened as a result of the damage, stranding, or shipwreck. Consular officers may request the authorities of the receiving state to take additional measures for the rescue and protection of the vessel, its crew, passengers, cargo and stores.
4. If the owner of the vessel or any other person authorized to act for him is not in a position to make the necessary arrangements in connection with the damaged, stranded or shipwrecked vessel, or its cargo or stores, the consular officers may make the necessary arrangements on the owner's behalf. The consular officers may under similar circumstances make appropriate arrangements in connection with the cargo or stores owned by the sending state or by nationals of the sending state which are found or brought into port from any stranded or shipwrecked vessel. No customs duties of any kind shall be levied against a shipwrecked vessel of the sending state or for its cargo or stores, provided that these are removed from the receiving state.
5. In case the competent authorities of the receiving state intend to take measures of attachment, forced sale, or detention against vessels of the sending state, they shall inform the consular establishment in advance so that a consular officer may be present when such measures are taken. If, because of the urgency of the matter, it has not been possible to inform the consular establishment, and the consular officer was not present when the measures were taken, the authorities of the receiving state shall promptly inform the consular establishment of measures taken. The consular establishment shall also be informed of the interrogation of any members of a vessel's crew by the authorities of the receiving state.
6. The provisions of paragraph 5 of this Article do not apply to customs, passport, or sanitary inspections.
Functions Relating to Civil Aviation
The provisions of Article 13 shall also apply, to the extent that they are capable of such application, to civil aircraft and civil aviation, provided that this is not contrary to the provisions of any agreements in force between the High Contracting Parties.
Other Consular Functions
Consular officers may exercise any other consular function, of the nature of those provided for in Articles 8-14 of the present Convention or of any other nature, entrusted to the consular establishment by the sending state, which are not prohibited by the law of the receiving state or to which no objection is taken by the receiving state or which are provided for in international agreements in force between the sending state and the receiving state.
Use of the Coat of Arms and Flag of the Sending State and of the Inscription Designating the Consular Post
1. The coat of arms of the sending state, with the inscription designating the consular establishment, may be affixed at the consular premises.
2. The flag of the sending state may be flown at the consular premises, at the residence of the head of the consular establishment, as well as on his means of transportation used in the performance of his official activity.
Assistance in Procuring Premises and Residences
1. The receiving state shall either facilitate the acquisition on its territory, in accordance with its law, by the sending state, of the premises necessary for the consular establishment, or shall assist the sending state in obtaining accommodation in some other way.
2. The receiving state shall also, where necessary, assist the consular establishment in obtaining suitable residences for its consular officers and consular employees.
Inviolability of Consular Premises and of the Residence of the Head of the Consular Establishment
1. The consular premises and the residence of the head of the consular establishment shall be inviolable. The authorities of the receiving state may not enter the consular premises or the residence of the head of the consular establishment, except with the consent of the head of the consular establishment, or the chief of the diplomatic mission of the sending state, or of another person empowered by them.
2. The receiving state has a special obligation to take all appropriate measures to protect the consular premises against willful damage or intrusion, as well as against disturbance of the peace of the premises or impairment of its dignity.
3. The consular premises, their furnishings, the property of the consular establishment and its means of transport shall be immune from any form of requisition for purposes of national defense or public utility. If expropriation is necessary for such purposes, all possible steps shall be taken to avoid impeding the performance of consular functions, and prompt, adequate and effective compensation shall be paid to the sending state.
Fiscal Exemptions Relating to Premises and Residences
1. Lands and buildings situated in the territory of the receiving state which are owned by the sending state or are leased by it for the requirements of a consular establishment, or as residences for the consular officers or consular employees, shall be exempt from all taxes and charges in the receiving state, with the exception of charges for special services rendered.
2. The exemptions referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article shall not apply if, under the law of the receiving state, such taxes and charges are payable by the person who contracted with the sending state or with the person acting on its behalf.
Inviolability of Consular Archives
Consular archives and documents are inviolable at all times and wherever they may be.
Freedom of Communication
1. The receiving state shall permit and protect freedom of communication for official purposes between the consular establishment and the sending state, as well as with the diplomatic missions and other consular establishments of that state wherever situated.
2. In the course of its consular communications, the consular establishment has the right to use diplomatic or consular couriers, the diplomatic or consular pouch, all public means of communication, and messages in clear language or in code or cipher.
3. The official correspondence of the consular establishment, regardless of the means of communication used, and the consular pouch are inviolable. The consular pouch shall not be opened or detained. Nevertheless, if the competent authorities of the receiving state have serious reason to believe that the pouch contains something other than official correspondence, documents and the items described in paragraph 4 of this Article, they may request that the pouch be opened in their presence by an authorized representative of the sending state. If this request is refused by the authorities of the sending state, the pouch shall be returned to its place of origin.
4. The consular pouch or its packages, if it is composed of several packages, must be sealed, must have visible external marks of their official character, and must contain only official correspondence or documents and objects destined for the exclusive use of the consular establishment.
5. The consular courier may not be a national of the receiving state or an alien admitted for permanent residence in that state. He must possess an official document which indicates his capacity and the number of packages of which the consular pouch is composed. In the exercise of his functions, the consular courier is protected by the receiving state. He enjoys personal inviolability.
Protection of Nationals of the Sending State
1. In all instances when a national of the sending state is placed under any form of deprivation or limitation of personal freedom, the [*21] competent authorities of the receiving state shall inform the consular establishment of the sending state without delay and, in any event, not later than after two days.
2. The consular officer has the right to receive correspondence or other communications from a national who is under any form of deprivation or limitation of personal freedom and to take appropriate measures to assure him legal assistance and representation. Likewise, the consular officer has the right to visit him, to hold discussions, and to communicate with him. These visits shall take place as soon as possible, but in any event they shall not be refused after the lapse of a four-day period from the date when he was placed under any form of deprivation or limitation of personal freedom.
3. The competent authorities of the receiving state shall, without delay, inform the national of the sending state about the right accorded him by this Article to communicate with a consular officer.
4. The rights referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article shall be exercised in conformity with the law of the receiving state, subject to the proviso, however, that the said law must enable full effect to be given to the purposes for which the rights accorded under this Article are intended.
Communication with the Authorities of the Receiving State
In the exercise of the functions provided for in the present Convention, consular officers may communicate with:
a) the competent state or local authorities of their consular district;
b) the federal authorities of the receiving state, to the extent this is permissible under the law and custom of the receiving state.
Subject to its law regarding zones in which access is prohibited or regulated for reasons of national security, the receiving state shall assure members of the consular establishment freedom of travel and movement in its territory.
Consular Charges and Fees
1. The consular establishment may levy, in the territory of the receiving state, charges and fees prescribed for consular services by the law of the sending state.
2. The sums collected in accordance with paragraph 1 of this Article are exempt from any taxes and dues in the receiving state.
Facilities Accorded Consular Officers and Consular Employees
The receiving state shall take the necessary measures to ensure that consular officers and consular employees will be able to carry out their functions and duties, respectively, and enjoy the immunities and privileges accorded by the present Convention and by the law of the receiving state.
Protection Accorded Consular Officers
The receiving state shall treat consular officers with the respect due their office and shall take all appropriate steps to prevent any injury to their person, freedom or dignity.
Jurisdictional Immunity and Personal Inviolability of the Head of the Consular Establishment and of Members of his Family
1. The head of the consular establishment shall not be subject to the criminal, civil or administrative jurisdiction of the receiving state, except in respect of a civil action:
a) arising out of a contract concluded by the head of the consular establishment in which he did not contract expressly or impliedly on behalf of the sending state;
b) brought by a third party for damage resulting from an accident in the receiving state, caused by a vehicle, vessel or aircraft.
2. The person of the head of the consular establishment shall be inviolable. No measure of execution may be taken against him, except where the provisions of sub-paragraph a or b of paragraph 1 of this Article apply and then only when the execution can be carried out without prejudice to the inviolability of his person or residence.
3. The members of the family of the head of the consular establishment shall be accorded personal inviolability and immunity from criminal jurisdiction in the receiving state, provided that they are not nationals of or permanently resident in the receiving state, and are not engaged in private occupation for gain in that state.
Jurisdictional Immunity and Personal Inviolability of the Members of the Consular Establishment
1. Consular officers and consular employees shall enjoy immunity from the criminal, civil and administrative jurisdiction of the receiving state in respect of acts performed by them within the scope of their official duties.
2. The provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article shall not, however, apply in respect of a civil action:
a) arising out of a contract concluded by a consular officer or a consular employee in which he did not contract expressly or impliedly as an agent of the sending state;
b) by a third party for damage arising from an accident in the receiving state caused by a vehicle, vessel or aircraft.
3. With respect to activities carried on apart from the functions of their office, consular officers shall not be subject to:
a) measures of preventive restraint or detention, unless they commit a crime in the territory of the receiving state for which the law of that state provides a maximum penalty of five years or more deprivation of freedom and then only on the basis of a warrant issued by the competent judicial authorities of that state;
b) any other measures of deprivation of freedom, except in the execution of a final judicial judgment.
4. When criminal proceedings are instituted against a consular officer, he must appear before the competent authorities of the receiving state. In such case, the proceedings shall be instituted in the shortest period of time possible and shall be conducted with the respect due him by reason of his official position and, except in the case specified in paragraph 3 of this Article, in a manner which will hamper as little as possible the exercise of consular functions.
5. In case any measures of deprivation of freedom are taken against a consular officer or a member of his family or against a consular employee, the competent authorities of the receiving state shall, without delay, inform the head of the consular establishment of the sending state of this.
Giving of Evidence and Expert Opinions
1. Consular officers, other than the head of the consular establishment, and consular employees may be called upon by the competent authorities of the receiving state to give evidence in the course of judicial or administrative proceedings. If a consular officer refuses to appear or to give evidence, no coercive measure or other penalty shall be applied to him. Consular employees may not refuse to testify as witnesses except in the cases mentioned in paragraph 3 of this Article.
2. The authority requiring the evidence shall avoid interference with the consular officer in the performance of his functions. It may take such evidence at the consular establishment or at the residence of the consular officer or accept a statement from him in writing, whenever this is possible and permitted. In the case of a consular employee, the authority requiring the evidence shall take all appropriate measures to avoid interfering with his activities.
3. Consular officers and consular employees are not obliged to give evidence concerning matters connected with the exercise of their functions and are not obliged to produce official documents and material from the consular archives. They are also entitled to refuse to give evidence as expert witnesses with regard to the law of the sending state.
4. Consular officers called upon to give evidence may make a declaration without taking an oath.
Exemption from Personal Services and Other Obligations
Consular officers and consular employees, and members of their families who are not nationals of the receiving state and who are not aliens lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the receiving state, shall be exempt in the receiving state from obligations and services of a military nature, from any kind of compulsory services, and from any contributions that may be due in lieu thereof. They shall likewise be exempt from obligations relating to the registration of aliens, from obtaining permission to reside, and from compliance with other similar obligations applicable to aliens.
Exemption from Customs Duties and Inspection
1. The receiving state shall permit the importation or exportation into or from its territory of articles intended for:
a) the official use of the consular establishment;
b) the personal use of consular officers and consular employees, and members of their families who are not nationals of the receiving state and who are not aliens lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the receiving state, including goods intended for furnishing their residences. Consumer goods shall not exceed the quantities reasonably necessary for the personal use of those concerned.
2. The receiving state shall exempt the consular establishment and consular officers and consular employees of the sending state from the payment of all customs duties or similar taxes and charges imposed on the articles referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article, or imposed upon the importation or exportation of such articles. The exemption provided by this paragraph does not apply to charges levied for storage, cartage, and other similar services.
3. The personal baggage of consular officers shall be exempted from customs inspection. Such baggage may be inspected only if there are serious reasons to believe that it might contain articles other than those indicated in paragraph 1 of this Article or articles the importation or exportation of which is prohibited by the law of the receiving state. Such an inspection must be carried out in the presence of the consular officer concerned, or of a member of his family, or of another consular officer from the nearest consular establishment of the sending state.
Fiscal Exemptions
1. Consular officers and consular employees, and members of their families who are not nationals of the receiving state and who are not aliens lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the receiving state, shall be exempt from all dues and taxes, personal or real, national, regional or municipal.
2. The exemptions provided for in paragraph 1 of this Article shall not apply in case of indirect taxes of a kind normally incorporated in the price of goods or services, or in case of estate, inheritance, or gift taxes. Similarly, the exemptions provided for in paragraph 1 of this Article shall not apply in the case of taxes and similar charges relating to:
a) the acquisition or ownership of private immovable property located in the territory of the receiving state;
b) income received from sources in the receiving state;
c) the rendering of specific services.
3. In the event of the death of a consular officer or consular employee, the receiving state shall:
a) permit the export of the movable property of the deceased and exempt such property from all export taxes and similar charges, with the exception of any such property acquired in the receiving state the export of which is prohibited;
b) exempt the movable property of the deceased from all estate or inheritance taxes and similar charges if this property is located in the receiving state exclusively in connection with the presence in that state of the deceased as a consular officer or consular employee.
The Beginning and End of Immunities and Privileges
1. Consular officers and consular employees shall benefit from the immunities and privileges provided by the present Convention from the moment they cross the border of the receiving state to take up their posts or from the moment they enter on their duties if they are already in its territory.
2. Family members of the persons mentioned in paragraph 1 of this Article shall benefit from the immunities and privileges of this Convention in the following manner:
a) from the moment the consular officers and consular employees begin to benefit from the immunities and privileges in conformity with paragraph 1 of this Article;
b) from the moment of crossing the border of the receiving state, if they entered in its territory after the date foreseen by sub-paragraph a of this paragraph;
c) from the moment they become family members of a member of the consular establishment.
3. When the activities of a consular officer or consular employee have come to an end, his immunities and privileges and also the immunities and privileges of his family shall cease at the moment he leaves the territory of the receiving state or upon the expiration of a reasonable period of time after the termination of his employment.
4. The immunities and privileges of consular employees who are nationals of the receiving state or nationals of the sending state who are permanently resident in the receiving state shall come to an end at the same time they lose their official capacities.
5. The immunities and privileges of family members shall also come to an end from the moment they no longer form part of the family of a consular officer or consular employee. However, if such persons make known that they intend to leave the territory of the receiving state within a reasonable period of time, their immunities and privileges shall remain in force until such time.
6. In the event of the death of a consular officer or consular employee, the members of his family shall continue to enjoy the immunities and privileges which are recognized by this Convention until they leave the territory of the receiving state or until the expiration of a reasonable period of time for this purpose.
Respect for the Law of the Receiving State
Without prejudice to the immunities and privileges of the present Convention the persons enjoying these immunities and privileges must respect the law of the receiving state.
Third-Party Liability Insurance
All vehicles owned by the sending state and used by the consular establishments, and all vehicles belonging to consular officers, consular employees, or members of their families, must be adequately insured against third party risks. In the case of such persons who are nationals of the receiving state or persons admitted to permanent residence in the receiving state, insurance shall be obtained to the extent that insurance is required by the law of that state.
Provisions Applicable to Juridical Entities
The provisions of this Convention relating to nationals of the sending state shall apply, in like manner, to juridical entities which have the nationality of that state conferred according to its law.
Waiver of Immunities and Privileges
1. The sending state may, by a notification through diplomatic channels to the receiving state, waive the immunities and privileges enjoyed by a consular officer or consular employee pursuant to Articles 28, 29 and 30 of the present Convention.
2. Waiver of jurisdictional immunity in a civil or administrative proceeding shall not be regarded as implying a waiver of immunity with respect to the execution of the judgment, for which a separate renunciation is required.
Termination of 1881 Convention
The present Convention replaces the Consular Convention signed at Bucharest on June 5/17, 1881. n1
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n1 TS 297; 23 Stat. 711.
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Ratification, Entry into Force, Denunciation
1. The present Convention shall be subject to ratification and the instruments of ratification shall be exchanged at Washington as soon as possible.
2. The present Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day following the date of the exchange of the instruments of ratification. It shall remain in force for a term of ten years, and thereafter, unless terminated in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 3 of this Article.
3. Either High Contracting Party may terminate the present Convention at the end of the initial period of ten years or any time thereafter, by notifying the other High Contracting Party in writing, one year in advance.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed this Convention and affixed thereto their seals.
Done at Bucharest on July 5, 1972, in two original copies in the English and Romanian languages, both texts being equally authentic.
PROTOCOL To the Consular Convention Between the United States of America and the Socialist Republic of Romania
At the time of the signing this day, July 5, 1972, of the Consular Convention between the United States of America and the Socialist Republic of Romania, the undersigned Plenipotentiaries, duly authorized, give the following assurances of their Governments in connection with the performance of consular functions in inheritance matters provided for in Article 12 of the Convention, and in connection with the exercise of inheritance rights by nationals of either High Contracting Party in the territory of the other High Contracting Party:
The Government of the United States of America assures the Government of the Socialist Republic of Romania that:
1. there is no Federal law or other legislation barring or restricting the rights of Romanian nationals to receive inheritances in the United States of America and have the sums derived therefrom transferred to them;
2. the courts or other authorities competent in inheritance matters are aware that the Socialist Republic of Romania is not included among the countries enumerated in 31 Code of Federal Regulations 211 to which United States Government checks are not sent, under authority of the Secretary of the Treasury. United States Government checks and warrants issued for any purpose whatsoever are being sent to payees in the Socialist Republic of Romania;
3. it will, should there be occasion for it, inform the courts or other authorities competent in inheritance matters of the assurances given by the Government of the Socialist Republic of Romania through this Protocol.
The Government of the Socialist Republic of Romania assures the Government of the United States of America that:
1. United States nationals may exercise their inheritance rights in the Socialist Republic of Romania on the same conditions as Romanian nationals and may transfer, in dollars or other foreign currency, the sums obtained from such inheritances, at the official rate of exchange with the most favorable premium established in this matter in accordance with Romanian law;
2. Romanian nationals will receive, in full, in dollars or other foreign currency, the sums resulting from estates probated and settled in the territory of the United States of America and transferred to the Socialist Republic of Romania. Insofar as they are not permitted to retain the sums in foreign currency, such sums shall be converted into lei at the official rate of exchange with the most favorable premium established in this matter in accordance with Romanian law;
3. for sums representing inheritance shares received in the United States of America by Romanian heirs, no fees or taxes shall be charged, with the exception of consular fees.
The present Protocol forms an integral part of the Consular Convention between the United States of America and the Socialist Republic of Romania, signed at Bucharest on July 5, 1972.
By the President:
WILLIAM P ROGERS
For the United States of America
William P. Rogers
For the Socialist Republic of Romania
C. Manescu


text:
Oppo A77 4G with MediaTek Helio G35 launched in India
HomeMobilesOppo A77 4G with MediaTek Helio G35 launched in India
The device comes with a 5000mAh battery and supports 33W SuperVOOC fast charging.
By Komila Singh
The Chinese smartphone brand Oppo has introduced a new 4G smartphone in the Indian market. The company has expanded its A-Series in the country by introducing the Oppo A77 4G. The device is powered by MediaTek Helio G35 SoC. Plus the phone supports a 5000mAh battery and supports 33W SuperVOOC fast charging. In addition to this, the smartphone comes with a side-mounted fingerprint sensor for security.
Oppo A77 4G price in India, sale details
Oppo A77 4G specifications
The cost of the recently released Oppo A77 4G smartphone in India is Rs 15,499 for the 4GB RAM with 64GB storage model. The Oppo phone can be purchased from the company's physical and online stores.
Sky Blue and Sunset Orange are the two colour options for the gadget. The Sunset Orange colour option gives it a luxury appearance by appearing to have a faux leather finish on the rear.
The 6.56-inch LCD HD+ display panel (1610×720 pixels of resolution) of the Oppo A77 4G has a waterdrop notch and a 60Hz refresh rate. The phone comes pre-installed with ColorOS 12.1, a custom skin for Android 12. The smartphone's internal hardware consists of an octa-core MediaTek Helio G35 SoC and 4GB of RAM. It has a micro-SD card port and 64GB of inbuilt storage. The internal storage can be expanded via microSD card.
The Oppo A77 4G has two rear cameras, one with a 50-megapixel primary sensor and the other with a 2-megapixel sensor with an LED flash. It has an 8-megapixel front camera for taking selfies and used for video calls.
Additionally, it has a side-mounted fingerprint scanner and an ultra-linear stereo speaker. Wi-Fi, 4G LTE, Bluetooth, GPS, and a USB Type-C connection for charging are all available forms of connectivity. The OPPO A77 has a 5000mAh battery with 33W fast charging compatibility
For the latest gadget and tech news, and gadget reviews, follow us on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram. For newest tech & gadget videos subscribe to our YouTube Channel. You can also stay up to date using the Gadget Bridge Android App. You can find the latest car and bike news here.
Komila Singhhttp://www.gadgetbridge.com
Komila is one of the most spirited tech writers at Gadget Bridge. Always up for a new challenge, she is an expert at dissecting technology and getting to its core. She loves to tinker with new mobile phones, tablets and headphones.
Garena Free Fire Redeem Codes Today 6 August 2022: Here is how to claim them
Samsung Galaxy F22 price reduced by Rs 2,000
Vihaan Aug 23, 2022 At 1:03 pm
I guess that the octa-core MediaTek Helio G35 SoC and 4GB of RAM will make the performance smooth.
Aarav Aug 23, 2022 At 12:53 pm
Both the colors, i.e. Sky Blue and Sunset Orange are nice. And, I am planning to buy this Mediatek-powered Oppo A77 4g smartphone.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Need a partner that can offer a full range of packing options? Custom Can!
Custom's clinical and commercial operations are supported by adaptable primary packing lines that enable clinical, commercial and stability blister and bottle packing. Our controlled ambient storage facility is monitored 24/7, featuring controlled drug safe storage for API and finished drug products.
Our secondary packaging includes bottles and blisters for commercial use, as well as clinical trial packaging to support open label studies. Custom works with an approved supplier of multilingual booklet labels to support multinational capabilities. Once the products have been packaged to your specifications, Custom's in-house logistics experts ensure the shipment of finished drug products around the world.
More than 30 years of experience manufacturing a wide range of solid dose, powders and hard gel capsules.


Bluefish Network Solutions can be reached at 732.449.4550 or by email using the CONTACT link above.
Bring the value of an IT Professional certified by Microsoft in server (70-290) and desktop (70-270) operating systems to help make sense of your Information Technology needs and protect the treasure of your business: data.
Bluefish Network Solutions LLC provides IT Consulting needs to small and mid-sized companies operating Microsoft based networks but lack the support of a full time IT staff.
Looking for the right option for getting on the internet?
Need to access your network wirelessly from a remote on-site location with no wires?
Concerned about an absent security policy and want to keep prying eyes out?
Need to connect with the office from home or the road?
Not sure if your office is large enough to justify a server?
Searching for options but not sure where to look?
Need assistance maintaining existing servers?
Need help configuring just the right PC for your work intensive business environment?
Does your industry require custom software that requires a cumbersome deployment?
Are you confused about backup options, or not even sure if your existing backup system is working?
Are viruses plaguing your network? Is spyware removal a weekly chore?


Van Houten Tax and Business Solutions, Inc. partners with our valued clients across many business sectors, focusing on complex individuals, closely-held businesses, business owners and families.
Our clients receive comprehensive tax planning, tax preparation, business management and financial consulting. We have extensive experience working with the entertainment industry and run a boutique entertainment business management practice.
Our goal is to add value to our client relationships. We have largely eliminated the accounting firm practice of billable hours because we don't believe that time has a direct correlation to the value of the services we provide. Instead, our clients typically pay a flat monthly retainer that covers all their tax compliance, tax planning and personalized counsel throughout the year.
We encourage our clients to call for advice and we never charge for phone calls, as charging for a phone call seems like a sure way to discourage that.
We also offer flat-fee project based billing, where we provide an up-front quote. No one likes surprises, so we remove the angst out of the billing process.


This infographic illustrates the ways medications for type 2 diabetes work inside your body to manage diabetes symptoms.
A lot of common things can derail your best efforts to keep your diabetes in check. But knowing what to watch for can help you stay on track.
Although there's no cure for type 2 diabetes, studies show it's possible for some people to reverse it. Learn what that means and how you might do it.
The 24/7 effort of managing diabetes can lead to diabetes burnout, but these tips can help you see it coming so you can better avoid it.
Start with these seven things to help you learn to manage your type 2 diabetes when you've found out you have it.
Learn the important differences between these two diabetic emergencies and what you should do if they happen to you or a loved one.
Studies show that bitter melon may help with symptoms for a variety of illnesses. Find out more about this little-known food and if it's really a "magic bullet" for managing your blood sugar.
Find out the causes, symptoms, and treatment of MODY, a rare kind of diabetes, and learn how it differs from type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Find out what to expect if you have MODY or LADA, two rare types of diabetes that share some features of type 1 and type 2 diabetes but have their own symptoms and treatments.
Learn how to recognize when someone with diabetes is in trouble and what first aid you can offer in these situations.
Diabetes care can be expensive, but deals, discounts, and rebates can go a long way toward lowering your costs. Get tips on how to cut costs without putting a dent in the quality of your care.
Is your diabetes causing strain with your partner? Learn how you can strengthen your relationship -- and your health.
Your blood sugar levels can get too low, even if you don't have diabetes. Non-diabetic hypoglycemia can have several causes and often happens when you haven't eaten in a while.
When you're pregnant with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, you need to get the right nutrients for your baby and keep your blood sugar stable. Learn what to eat and avoid.
If you have diabetes, you may find it harder to manage your blood sugar (glucose) around mealtime. Learn how.
Learn how you can recognize -- and avoid -- a sharp rise in your post-meal blood sugar.
If you have diabetes, your meals and insulin may need to be planned out, so that your blood sugar stays steady.
Yes, medicine can help manage your diabetes. But so can what you eat and how active you are.
Both the Somogyi effect and the dawn phenomenon can make blood sugar levels too high when you wake up. But there are key differences between them. Here's how to know what's going on.
If you have nerve damage from diabetes or another condition, know the signs of Charcot foot so you can spot it and get it treated immediately.
Automatic neuropathy is a collection of symptoms like dizziness, sweating, and constipation that's caused by nerve damage. Find out which diseases lead to these symptoms and how to treat them.
DME is an eye problem that people with diabetes get. Learn what causes it and what it can do to your sight.
Diabulimia is an eating disorder you can get when you have type 1 diabetes. Learn the signs, risks, and treatment for this condition.
Find out how high blood sugar levels and other complications of diabetes can raise your chances of getting heart disease.


text:
Flight history for Capital Airlines flight JD5248
FROM Ankang (AKA)
TO Hangzhou (HGH)
03 Feb 2023 Ankang (AKA) Hangzhou (HGH) 320 — 03:50 — 05:45
30 Jan 2023 Ankang (AKA) Hangzhou (HGH) 320 — 03:50 — 05:45
Estimated 05:49
27 Jan 2023 Ankang (AKA) Hangzhou (HGH) A320 (B-8171) — 03:50 04:13 05:45
25 Jan 2023 Ankang (AKA) Hangzhou (HGH) A320 (B-6726) 1:37 03:50 05:09 05:45
More than 7 days of JD5248 history is available with an upgrade to a Silver (90 days), Gold (1 year), or Business (3 years) subscription.


The reason for this unprecedented punishment seems to be repeated incidents of misissued certificates at Symantec that have come to light over the past few years, some of which the company failed to identify on its own despite internal and external audits. The latest case was uncovered this year and involved 127 certificates issued with bogus information or without proper domain ownership verification by a Symantec partner that operated as a registration authority (RA).According to Google, that investigation calls into question the validity of at least 30,000 certificates issued by Symantec partners over a period spanning several years. However, Symantec disputes that number.


The Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission promotes the wise use of natural resources for all Georgians.
Whom can I contact if I have a question or concern about my agricultural water meter?
Take a look at GSWCC's agricultural water metering program.
How is GSWCC assisting in improving water quality in Georgia?
Read about their efforts with the current water quality cost-sharing projects.
What soil and water conservation district and region am I in?
Find your local soil and water conservation district and contact information.


The global financial crisis drained government coffers and rocked public confidence around the world. Many leaders now believe taxes on financial transactions and/or financial activities could relieve these shortfalls and shore up the public's faith in the workings of economies near and far. Some policymakers and observers want to coordinate these new taxes internationally to avoid the flight of financial markets. But can financial taxes raise substantial revenue? And who would bear the taxes: the financial sector or the small investor? Will these taxes reduce risky financial activities or impede healthy market operations? Our panel of experts will discuss these and other timely questions.


text:
Phillies Fight on Saturday Night
By Matt Veasey
Jul 16, 2016; Philadelphia, PA, USA; Philadelphia Phillies catcher Carlos Ruiz (51) scores past New York Mets relief pitcher Erik Goeddel (62) on a wild pitch during the eighth inning at Citizens Bank Park. The Philadelphia Phillies won 4-2. Mandatory Credit: Bill Streicher-USA TODAY Sports /
The Philadelphia Phillies battled the entire game, finally putting away the visiting New York Mets on Saturday night at Citizens Bank Park.
The Phillies and New York Mets engaged in a hard-fought game on Saturday night at Citizens Bank Park, with the Fightin' Phils finally pulling out a 4-2 victory in front of the home crowd.
Jerad Eickhoff provided the club with yet another Quality Start, his 12th of the season among 19 starts (he was close in a few others), allowing just two earned runs on five hits across six innings.
Eickhoff struck out three and walked two, throwing 56 strikes over his 94 pitches. Edubray Ramos (1-0) got credit for the Win, Hector Neris his 16th Hold, and Jeanmar Gomez his 25th Save, all tossing shutout frames in relief.
At the start of this series in my 'Phillies-Mets Series Preview', I stated that the bullpen was going to be pivotal in any Phillies success. That has proved prescient over the first two games.
The Phillies got on the board first when Ryan Howard blasted his 13th home run of the season out to right-center field against Mets' starter Logan Verrett, the solo shot making it a 1-0 game.
Verrett would go six innings, allowing eight hits and two earned runs while striking out four and walking just one batter. It would be the Mets bullpen that would give up the game, but back to that in a moment.
The Mets would score single runs in the top of the 3rd and 4th innings off Eickhoff to take the lead. In the 3rd, Juan Lagares led off with a double, moved to 3rd on a Verrett sac bunt, and scored on a Jose Reyes sacrifice fly to tie it up.
In the top of the 4th frame, Curtis Granderson led off with a double, moved to 3rd on a ground out, then scored two batters later on a sacrifice fly from former Phillies prospect catcher Travis d'Arnaud.
The Phils evened it up again in the bottom of the 5th when Eickhoff himself led off with a double and moved to 3rd when Odubel Herrera immediately followed with a two-bagger of his own. Two batters later, Eickhoff would score on a ground out and it was knotted at 2-2.
The game was turned over to the two bullpens, and the Phillies broke the tie in the bottom of the 7th when Peter Bourjos reached on a one-out throwing error by Mets' shortstop Asdrubal Cabrera.
Cody Asche then walked, and following a pitching change, Maikel Franco looped a soft single to left field to score Bourjos with the go-ahead run, putting the Fightin' Phils on top by a 3-2 score.
In the bottom of the 8th, Mets skipper Terry Collins turned to the brother of Phillies rookie Tyler Goeddel to keep it close. Erik Goeddel allowed a leadoff double to Carlos Ruiz, who then moved to 3rd on a ground out, and then raced home on a wild pitch by Goeddel for an insurance run at 4-2.
"It's good to win," Phillies manager Pete Mackanin said per MLB.com contributors. "I didn't want to hear the Mets fans," said the skipper in regards to the chanting front-runner fans who are making the trip down I-95 this weekend.
The Phillies and Mets will now face off in the rubber game of the series on what will be a hot afternoon down in South Philly. The Phils will be looking to pull within five games of the final NL Wildcard berth.
Next: Phillies Trade Chips: Howard and Ruiz


The best part of Autumn? Definitely the pumpkins! 😉 If you, like us, can't get enough of those gorgeous orange gourds, then the Pumpkin Patch collection is for YOU!
Don't the blues and peaches add a bit of magic to this traditionally fall-colored collection?
Let's talk about designer projects featuring this collection!
Arrowhead (49″ x 65″) by Freemotion by the River makes terrific use of the pumpkin design in a colorful border that ties in each of the hues used in the blocks, which seem to form a ribbon around and around the quilt!
Fall Festival (47″ x 47″) by KISSed Quilts is a quintessential fall quilt featuring falling leaves and of course, pumpkins!! This design can be made as a block or row of the month. You will be able to find Fall Festival kits at All About Quilting (NC) soon!
In the Pumpkin Patch (46″ x 46″) by Yellow Cat Quilt Designs brings the pumpkin patch to you, with sweet pieced pumpkins surrounded by swirling vines. Check out The Quilter's Faire (CA), White Flower Quilt Shop (MO) and Birdhouse Quilts (GA) soon for In the Pumpkin Patch Kits.
Mountain Peaks (45″ x 66″) by Christine Quilts sings "fall" with a modern spin. Stacked flying geese paired with abundant negative space gives you the chance to show off some fabulous custom quilting, like the pumpkins and vines stitched into this piece! You'll be able to find kits for this quilt at Quintessential Quilts (WI) soon!
The We Give Thanks Table Runner (18″ x 68″) from Fabric Confetti is perfect for an autumnal tablescape, featuring Fabric Confetti's signature Elemenopea letters and machine embroidered applique. Check out Quintessential Quilts (WI), Cupcake Quilts (TX), and Fabrics Etcetera (TX) for kits soon!
You will be able to find the complete Pumpkin Patch collection at Sew Yeah in Las Vegas soon!
Don't miss our Pumpkin Patch precuts! Stacks (10″ Squares) and Strips (2.5″ Strips) available!
WOW! Love those colors for autumn!
Gorgeous fall colors. Love that little pop of the lighter, brighter blue in the line!


Even though I've been away from home, I have still managed to get in lots of sweet yoga time. Chair yoga is often called 'Seniors Yoga', although of course it isn't just for one age group at all. I asked Gramma if she'd like to join me in a yoga class, and together we did a full pranayama (breathing), asana (poses) and hand mudra practice, with myself leading the class. I had written down all the poses we do from videos Michelle (my yoga instructor) and I created during our classes. The video of us doing yoga was a bit quiet for Gramma, so I led us through the practice. I was tricky at first, trying to speak calmly and remember to remind others about posture and when to breath and stuff, but it was very rewarding. I think I'd like teaching yoga very much.
shoulder series with the dynamic duo!
We are in Toronto, to see my Lyme doctor who is going to the ILADS conference, and the rest of my family, who live in this general area. I am so drained after the flight.
Toronto is HUGE, and I am feeling very small-town right now. I miss being able to look at the top of buildings without craning my neck all the way back.
The flight went well enough, although the altitude always makes me feel very sick. I have a killer sore throat and am having trouble swallowing. Nothing a little oregano oil won't nab, but this is an all-time quickest infection rate. I missed choir practice last night as I was feeling so low and my throat was in so much pain.
The benefits of sitting in the bulk head on the lovely WestJet were felt as soon as Mum and I started doing yoga. Because the computer was with us, we could do a full asana practice, and it was like the lovely Michelle was with us too! Made the flight that much quicker and more peaceful.
After seeing how much I enjoyed yoga, and the benefits I had from it, Mum decided to start doing the practice with me. We did a full practice yesterday, which was fun to do together…girl time! Before the afternoon yoga practice I was feeling rather restless and couldn't settle to any activity, and was fatigued and exasperated, which seemed like a good time to bust out some yoga moves. I felt energized afterwards, which made my day so much better. Hopefully we will be able to practice ever single day of the week, 3 times with teachers, and 4 on our own. Won't that be fun!
this ball won't run away from me!
After what felt like weeks of spinning (really about 2.5 weeks in all in all), I finished the incredible batt of mohair/wool fiber that dear Arleigh sent me, dyed by a friend of hers, Leola! What is more, I set it warm water (to make sure it wouldn't twist back on itself!), stretched it for awhile (as it was super dee duper curly!) and today finally put yarn loops on the back of a chair and then proceeded to put the yarn into a ball. Wow that was a lot of work! Sheer the animal, wash the fiber, pick and card the individual fibers, dye the fibers, spin the fiber, set the fibers, and ball. I only had to do 3 of those things. Imagine if you followed the process start to finish. How rewarding! I am very pleased with how it turned off…for singles (meaning only one strand, versus many strands making up a thicker yarn) it is very evenly spun (meaning that it is almost all the same thickness!). I have no idea what it's going to look like knit up, so I just can't to figure out what I can make with it and cast off!
Unlike a lot of mohair yarns, this one is very soft and dreamy, which has mostly to do with the animal and perhaps from where on the body it was harvested. It is mixed with sheep wool too, which would help add softness. The yarn has a wonderful sheen to it, and it almost sparkles in the light. Spinning handspun yarn is supposed to be one of the most enjoyable experience out there for a knitter. I can't wait to report back all the wonderful bonuses of knitting with your own yarn. All that treadling and sweating paid off enormously, and I feel very proud of myself. I feel that in the coming weeks/months I might have to ease back on the amount of spinning I'm doing per week, because the IV meds exhaust me.
I am already noticing icky affects from the medication. The most annoying being that I am very tired and lethargic, and that my mouth tastes of rubber bands and deceased mice all the time. Because IV meds enter through the bloodstream, and because my dosage is so high, I can taste the medicine through the tiny spider webbed blood vessels in my tongue and nasal passage. It would be much more fascinating if it wasn't my own mouth. These vessels are very close to the surface in this area…maybe that's why it can be tasted? I wonder if anyone else has noticed this while taking Clindamycin? I did a bit of research about it and a lot of people mentioned a bitter taste. This seems a bit non-specific to me, because for me it so very clearly tastes like rubber bands…as though I have been chewing on them in place of gum. My naturopath said that people who can taste the saline and heparin flushes (done before and after IV) have trouble detoxing. I found this an interesting principle and wonder if it also applies to the medicine, or maybe it's just caused from a side effect.
Yesterday when I had yoga class with Barbara, I had to take lots of breaks because I was so exhausted. Bringing my arms and legs up made me feel so weak and faint, something I haven't been complaining about in previous weeks. I was so exhausted after the practice, rather than feeling energized. This is disappointing and frustrating, but hopefully as my body becomes more adjusted to the rhythms of the medication this will improve? It will be interesting to see what happens when I am off the IV meds for 3 days (we 'pulse' 2 weeks on, 3 days off).
The zombie finally got to sleep! My new record is four straights nights without sleep. Does anyone else remember that House episode where this girl doesn't sleep for almost a week, which is apparently the longest you can go without sleep before dying? Maybe that episode was a bit hysterical…but don't worry, I wasn't worried about this. I was just damn frustrated that I could meditate all night and not fall asleep. I slept fitfully, and for just a couple of hours, but still, I feel a wee bit more human today. Just as well, because I was starting to have a strong desire to hunt down humans, and kill and eat them. (hold on…that was a continuation of the zombie reference. work with me here. zombies eat ppl right? or is that vampires? oh lord…who cares?).
Last night was the first official practice of the Linden singers. It's been really hot here, so upstairs in the First Met church was sweltering, even in the late evening. There was a meeting…I didn't really understand what was going on because it was so formal. I took notes tho :). The people are all so lovely, despite our age gap. I've always gotten on very well with adults, even as a young child, so it didn't seem strange to me. Hopefully I can recruit some more young people for next year…that would be nice. I am singing soprano. Oh yes, you read that right. I feel like a mouse being pinched every time I hit a note an octave about middle C. It's not a pretty sound, but it is a sound noise none the less. I used to sing alto/tenor in school choir (mostly to make up for the lack of boys). Linden has oodles of tenors and basses…it's such a novel sound for me!
I listened to the radio interview my mum and I gave the other day at CBC. The radio show is called "On the Island", a morning favorite. Check out Sept 7th program, "Living with cougars, honouring Campbell, Lyme Liberation treatment and memorial trees", to listen to our interview. We used to listen to a bit of CBC in the morning rides into school, and I recognize Gregor Craigie's voice! Very tranquil. Another opportunity to spread the word about Lyme disease, and the Liberation therapy…hopefully this knowledge can help others.
I also created a chair yoga blog today, called "8 Limbs, 1 Chair", which will document my healing journey through yoga. I am very excited about this! Michelle encouraged me to reflect on my learning journey, and what a great thing to share with fellow Lymies, and people in wheelchairs! Hopefully I can inspire others to try it…who knows, it could make all the difference in your health!
Who would have thought a few months ago, that now, half way through August of my 3rd year in a wheelchair, I'd be doing yoga? Certainly this beats physio (sorry cuz Jenn, but it gets really dull). Why would you want to wiggle you toes and lift your arms in an uninspired and strictly medical activity, when you could be relaxing and working those tired muscles in yoga? Yes, exactly what I realized.
I saw a very nice physiotherapist from QA (Queen Alexandra Foundation), offered to us through my SIDES schooling. Positive and helpful experience. But I was so bored by the exercises, which were maddeningly dull for a girl who loved to run in the forest and play beach volley ball. Also, for some reason, it was difficult for the physioterrorist ( teeheehee) to grasp that trying to help me by touching me only made things worse. The result was painful lessons.
My legs have been steadily getting stronger since the Liberation therapy. It's amazing the renewed confidence one can have in walking, when you can feel your legs. It is scary to try to walk when you have no idea what the lower half of your body is doing. I'm less shaky when I try to stand, and can walk about the same distance, but with renewed confidence. High heels here I come.
So Mum and I were discussing what I could do to further strengthen my legs, and in a stroke of inspiration I thought of 'chair yoga'. As soon as I said it, two thoughts were running through my head. "What am I getting myself into?" right after "Saying this aloud probably means I can do the yoga". I loved doing yoga before I was ill. Stretching your limbs in ways you never expected, or don't usually do, leaves you with a feeling of overall relaxation and strength.
I started searching to see if anyone taught chair yoga in Victoria. We are the city of the 'newly weds, the nearly dead's and the flower beds'. I found a few people who used to or do teach chair yoga (at seniors homes), but it didn't work out. I thought I would have to ask someone in the conventional mat yoga sector to teach me, when I happened to discover Michelle. She taught a teachers chair yoga class several years ago. I figured I was pushing my luck to expect her to be willing to teach a near novice student years after the fact but went ahead and emailed anyways. Boy am I glad I did. The stars really aligned on this mission.
I had my first lesson this afternoon. I was a little apprehensive, wondering if she would be able to help me while understanding all of my complications (pain and memory being the most important ones). Unfortunately – or, oddly enough, fortunately- Michelle too has suffered several of the health problems I have (including insomnia). She was introduced to meditation at 8 to combat her own insomnia, which worked wonders for her, leading her to become a teacher of the traditional 8 limbs of yoga. That was over 27 years ago. We connected right off, and shortly after meeting, I knew that Michelle could really help me, and I trusted her to work with me. Her caring, warm spirit instill in me the confidence to push myself, to try to let my body heal through yoga.
The exercises we did for 30 minutes weren't strenuous, if anything, it felt wonderful to use the muscles I had neglected, due in part to fear of pain and partly to weakness and lack of control. Breathing (pranayama) is essential in yoga, and I am very excited about this, because my lungs are so weak. After the various movements practiced together (in office chairs), we did a 10 minute guided meditation, called a yoga 'nidra' (nidra meaning sleep). Wikipedia describes it as the "conscious awareness of the deep sleep state". I gathered that the purpose was to empty all thoughts, and to fully relax the body. For someone who is always fidgety, it was such a relief to just sit still, empty my mind of all thoughts, and just be. Bliss.
Michelle, and two other of her colleges from her studio, are going to come to my house 3 times a week to practice chair yoga with me!!! I am so excited. I literally am counting the days until Monday, when we meet again. Michelle has some online videos of various yoga poses, some seated, that I can practice at home in the meantime. They are all being so generous with their time and energy. It is amazing the kindness of people that I have only just met/haven't even met yet! I was just blown away. I am so grateful for this opportunity to heal with yoga :), and especially to be working with such incredible people!


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Penn State University Park
College of Earth & Mineral Sciences
Researchers (31)
45572 Citations
1047 Article
67 Review article
31 Editorial
18 Letter
12 Comment/debate
An example of sample size determination for family studies
Pickle, L. W. & Mulvihill, J. J., Jan 1 1981, In : American journal of epidemiology. 114, 3, p. 299-303 5 p.
The City We Have Lost
Holdsworth, D. W., Jan 1 1989, In : Public Historian. 11, 3, p. 113-117 5 p.
Guidelines for selecting colors for diverging schemes on maps
Brewer, C. A., Jan 1 1996, In : Cartographic Journal. 33, 2, p. 79-86 8 p.
An evaluation of color selections to accommodate map users with color-vision impairments
Olson, J. M. & Brewer, C. A., Mar 1997, In : Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 87, 1, p. 103-134 32 p.
Climate change and forests in the Great Plains: Issues in modeling fragmented woodlands in intensively managed landscapes
Guertin, D. S., Easterling, W. E. & Brandle, J. R., Jan 1 1997, In : BioScience. 47, 5, p. 287-295 9 p.
Improving habitat suitability index models
Brooks, R. P., Mar 1 1997, In : Wildlife Society Bulletin. 25, 1, p. 163-167 5 p.
biological assessment
Mapping mortality: Evaluating color schemes for choropleth maps
Brewer, C. A., MacEachren, A. M., Pickle, L. W. & Herrmann, D., Sep 1997, In : Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 87, 3, p. 411-438 28 p.
The ecogeography of Andean potatoes
Zimmerer, K. S., Jun 1998, In : BioScience. 48, 6, p. 445-454 10 p.
Comparative responses of EPIC and CERES crop models to high and low spatial resolution climate change scenarios
Mearns, L. O., Mavromatis, T., Tsvetsinskaya, E., Hays, C. & Easterling, W. E., Mar 27 1999, In : Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres. 104, D6, p. 6623-6646 24 p., 1998JD200061.
CERES (experiment)
crop models
Evaluation of methods for classifying epidemiological data on choropleth maps in series
Brewer, C. A. & Pickle, L., Dec 2002, In : Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 92, 4, p. 662-681 20 p.
Geographic statistics visualization: Web-based linked micromap plots
Wang, X., Chen, J. X., Carr, D. B., Bell, B. S. & Pickle, L. W., May 1 2002, In : Computing in Science and Engineering. 4, 3, 1 p.
Spatial analysis of disease.
Pickle, L. W., Jan 1 2002, In : Cancer treatment and research. 113, p. 113-150 38 p.
Women on the frontlines: Rethinking war narratives post 9/11
Dowler, L., Dec 1 2002, In : GeoJournal. 58, 2-3, p. 159-165 7 p.
Just small potatoes (and ulluco)? The use of seed-size variation in "native commercialized" agriculture and agrobiodiversity conservation among Peruvian farmers
Zimmerer, K. S., Jun 1 2003, In : Agriculture and Human Values. 20, 2, p. 107-123 17 p.
Supporting visual analysis of federal geospatial statistics
Maceachren, A., Hardisty, F., Dai, X. & Pickle, L. W., Jan 1 2003, In : Communications of the ACM. 46, 1, p. 59-60 2 p.
Geovisualization for Knowledge Construction and Decision Support
Rhyne, T. M., MacEachren, A. M., Gahegan, M., Pike, W., Brewer, I., Cai, G., Lengerich, E. & Hardisty, F., Jan 1 2004, In : IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications. 24, 1, p. 13-17 5 p.
Impacts of stressors on the emergence and growth of wetland plant species in Pennsylvania, USA
Mahaney, W. M., Wardrop, D. H. & Brooks, R. P., Jan 1 2004, In : Wetlands. 24, 3, p. 538-549 12 p.
headwater
Rationale for a new generation of indicators for coastal waters
Niemi, G., Wardrop, D., Brooks, R., Anderson, S., Brady, V., Paerl, H., Rakocinski, C., Brouwer, M., Levinson, B. & McDonald, M., Jun 2004, In : Environmental health perspectives. 112, 9, p. 979-986 8 p.
Spatial extrapolation: The science of predicting ecological patterns and processes
Miller, J. R., Turner, M. G., Smithwick, E. A. H., Dent, C. L. & Stanley, E. H., Jan 1 2004, In : BioScience. 54, 4, p. 310-320 11 p.
ecologists
Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2002, featuring population-based trends in cancer treatment
Edwards, B. K., Brown, M. L., Wingo, P. A., Howe, H. L., Ward, E., Ries, L. A. G., Schrag, D., Jamison, P. M., Jemal, A., Wu, X. C., Friedman, C., Harlan, L., Warren, J., Anderson, R. N. & Pickle, L. W., Oct 1 2005, In : Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 97, 19, p. 1407-1427 21 p.
Current practices in cancer spatial data analysis: A call for guidance
Pickle, W. L., Waller, L. A. & Lawson, A. B., Jan 13 2005, In : International Journal of Health Geographics. 4, 3.
Castree, N. & Wright, M., Jan 1 2005, In : Antipode. 37, 1, p. 1-8 8 p.
Retooling collaboration: A vision for environmental change research
Pike, W., Yarnal, B., Maceachren, A., Gahegan, M. & Yu, C., Mar 1 2005, In : Environment. 47, 2, p. 8-21 14 p.
Visualizing geospatial information uncertainty: What we know and what we need to know
MacEachren, A. M., Robinson, A., Hopper, S., Gardner, S., Murray, R., Gahegan, M. & Hetzler, E., Jul 1 2005, In : Cartography and Geographic Information Science. 32, 3, p. 139-160 22 p.
Basic mapping principles for visualizing cancer data using geographic information systems (GIS)
Brewer, C. A., Feb 1 2006, In : American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 30, 2 SUPPL., p. S25-S36
Current practices in spatial analysis of cancer data: Mapping health statistics to inform policymakers and the public
Bell, B. S., Hoskins, R. E., Pickle, L. W. & Wartenberg, D., Nov 8 2006, In : International Journal of Health Geographics. 5, 49.
Public women, profit, and femicide in northern Mexico
Wright, M., Dec 1 2006, In : South Atlantic Quarterly. 105, 4, p. 681-698 18 p.
The crossroads of GIS and health information: A workshop on developing a research agenda to improve cancer control
Pickle, L. W., Szczur, M., Lewis, D. R. & Stinchcomb, D. G., Nov 21 2006, In : International Journal of Health Geographics. 5, 51.
Developing and communicating a taxonomy of ecological indicators: A case study from the mid-Atlantic
Wardrop, D. H., Hershner, C., Havens, K., Thornton, K. & Bilkovic, D. M., Jun 1 2007, In : EcoHealth. 4, 2, p. 179-186 8 p.
Tropical agriculture and global warming: Impacts and mitigation options
Cerri, C. E. P., Sparovek, G., Bernoux, M., Easterling, W. E., Melillo, J. M. & Cerri, C. C., Jan 1 2007, In : Scientia Agricola. 64, 1, p. 83-99 17 p.
soil organic matter
gas emissions
Peace Parks and jaguar trails: Transboundary conservation in a globalizing world
King, B. H. & Wilcox, S., Apr 1 2008, In : GeoJournal. 71, 4, p. 221-231 11 p.
Resolution control for balancing overview and detail in multivariate spatial analysis
Chen, J. & MacEachren, A. M., Dec 1 2008, In : Cartographic Journal. 45, 4, p. 261-273 13 p.
Algorithm quasi-optimal (AQ) learning
Cervone, G., Franzese, P. & Keesee, A. P. K., Mar 1 2010, In : Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics. 2, 2, p. 218-236 19 p.
Distributed Sensor
Field Experiment
Covering Problem
Conservation Geographies in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Politics of National Parks, Community Conservation and Peace Parks
King, B., Jan 1 2010, In : Geography Compass. 4, 1, p. 14-27 14 p.
Impacts of land use/land cover change on climate and future research priorities
Mahmood, R., Pielke, R. A., Hubbard, K. G., Niyogi, D., Bonan, G., Lawrence, P., McNider, R., McAlpine, C., Etter, A., Gameda, S., Qian, B., Carleton, A., Beltran-Przekurat, A., Chase, T., Quintanar, A. I., Adegoke, J. O., Vezhapparambu, S., Conner, G., Asefi, S., Sertel, E. & 19 others, Legates, D. R., Wu, Y., Hale, R., Frauenfeld, O. W., Watts, A., Shepherd, M., Mitra, C., Anantharaj, V. G., Fall, S., Lund, R., Treviño, A., Blanken, P., Du, J., Chang, H. I., Leeper, R., Nair, U. S., Dobler, S., Deo, R. & Syktus, J., Jan 2010, In : Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 91, 1, p. 37-46 10 p.
Designing a web-based learning portal for geographic visualization and analysis in public health
Robinson, A. C., Maceachren, A. & Roth, R. E., Sep 1 2011, In : Health Informatics Journal. 17, 3, p. 191-208 18 p.
Editorial: Forests, biodiversity and food security
Arnold, M., Powell, B., Shanley, P. & Sunderland, T. C. H., Jan 1 2011, In : International Forestry Review. 13, 3, p. 259-264 6 p.
Multi-scale controls of historical forest-fire regimes: New insights from fire-scar networks
Falk, D. A., Heyerdahl, E. K., Brown, P. M., Farris, C., Fulé, P. Z., McKenzie, D., Swetnam, T. W., Taylor, A. H. & Van Horne, M. L., Oct 1 2011, In : Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 9, 8, p. 446-454 9 p.
fire scars
The ecology of mixed severity fire regimes in Washington, Oregon, and Northern California
Perry, D. A., Hessburg, P. F., Skinner, C. N., Spies, T. A., Stephens, S. L., Taylor, A. H., Franklin, J. F., McComb, B. & Riegel, G., Sep 1 2011, In : Forest Ecology and Management. 262, 5, p. 703-717 15 p.
fire severity
stand density
Contours of risk: Spatializing human behaviors to understand disease dynamics in changing landscapes
Hausermann, H., Tschakert, P., Smithwick, E. A. H., Ferring, D., Amankwah, R., Klutse, E., Hagarty, J. & Kromel, L., Sep 1 2012, In : EcoHealth. 9, 3, p. 251-255 5 p.
landscape change
Buruli Ulcer
Further evidence of impacts of large-scale wind farms on land surface temperature
Walsh-Thomas, J. M., Cervone, G., Agouris, P. & Manca, G., Oct 1 2012, In : Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 16, 8, p. 6432-6437 6 p.
Subjectivity, Power, and the IRB
Martin, D. G. & Inwood, J. F., Feb 1 2012, In : Professional Geographer. 64, 1, p. 7-15 9 p.
Herbaceous plant community composition in created wetlands over seven years in northern New York, USA
Cole, C. A., Urban, C. A., Russo, P., Murray, J., Hoyt, D. & Brooks, R. P., Jul 1 2013, In : Studies in the History of Gardens and Designed Landscapes. 33, 3, p. 235-247 13 p.
community composition
Root stress and nitrogen deposition: Consequences and research priorities
Smithwick, E. A. H., Eissenstat, D. M., Lovett, G. M., Bowden, R. D., Rustad, L. E. & Driscoll, C. T., Feb 1 2013, In : New Phytologist. 197, 3, p. 712-719 8 p.
Physiological Feedback
Physiological Stress
The contribution of forests and trees to sustainable diets
Vinceti, B., Termote, C., Ickowitz, A., Powell, B., Kehlenbeck, K. & Hunter, D., Jan 1 2013, In : Sustainability (Switzerland). 5, 11, p. 4797-4824 28 p.
Creating Successful Vernal Pools: A Literature Review and Advice for Practitioners
Calhoun, A. J. K., Arrigoni, J., Brooks, R. P., Hunter, M. L. & Richter, S. C., Oct 1 2014, In : Wetlands. 34, 5, p. 1027-1038 12 p.
ephemeral pool
Improving the representation of roots in terrestrial models
Smithwick, E. A. H., Lucash, M. S., McCormack, M. L. & Sivandran, G., Nov 10 2014, In : Ecological Modelling. 291, p. 193-204 12 p.
ecosystem resilience
Reconstructing disturbances and their biogeochemical consequences over multiple timescales
McLauchlan, K. K., Higuera, P. E., Gavin, D. G., Perakis, S. S., Mack, M. C., Alexander, H., Battles, J., Biondi, F., Buma, B., Colombaroli, D., Enders, S. K., Engstrom, D. R., Hu, F. S., Marlon, J. R., Marshall, J., McGlone, M., Morris, J. L., Nave, L. E., Shuman, B., Smithwick, E. A. H. & 4 others, Urrego, D. H., Wardle, D. A., Williams, C. J. & Williams, J. J., Jan 1 2014, In : BioScience. 64, 2, p. 105-116 12 p.
chronosequences
long term experiments
Divergent trajectories of Antarctic surface melt under two twenty-first-century climate scenarios
Trusel, L. D., Frey, K. E., Das, S. B., Karnauskas, K. B., Kuipers Munneke, P., Van Meijgaard, E. & Van Den Broeke, M. R., Dec 1 2015, In : Nature Geoscience. 8, 12, p. 927-932 6 p.
ice shelf
twenty first century
Representing climate, disturbance, and vegetation interactions in landscape models
Keane, R. E., McKenzie, D., Falk, D. A., Smithwick, E. A. H., Miller, C. & Kellogg, L. K. B., Aug 1 2015, In : Ecological Modelling. 309-310, p. 33-47 15 p.
ecosystem response
ecosystem dynamics


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Home Anglo America Biden administration approved $735 million arms sale to Israel
Biden administration approved $735 million arms sale to Israel
The sale of Joint Direct Attack Munitions, or JDAMs, made by Boeing Co (BA.N), was considered routine at the time, before the start last week of the fiercest hostilities in the region in years
A US weapons loader prepares a GBU-31 JDAM for a mission (Photo: US Air Force)
President Joe Biden's administration approved the potential sale of $735 million in precision-guided weapons to Israel, and congressional sources said on Monday that U.S. lawmakers were not expected to object to the deal despite violence between Israel and Palestinian militants.
Three congressional aides said Congress was officially notified of the intended commercial sale on May 5, as part of the regular review process before major foreign weapons sales agreements can go ahead.
The sale was first reported by the Washington Post.
Congress was informed of the planned sale in April, as part of the normal informal review process before of the formal notification on May 5. Under U.S. law, the formal notification opens up a 15-day window for Congress to object to the sale, which is not expected despite the ongoing violence.
The sale of Joint Direct Attack Munitions, or JDAMs, made by Boeing Co (BA.N), was considered routine at the time, before the start last week of the fiercest hostilities in the region in years.
There were no objections at the time by the Democratic and Republican leaders of the congressional foreign affairs committees that review such sales, aides said.
Asked for comment, a State Department spokesperson noted that the department is restricted under federal law and regulations from publicly commenting on or confirming details of licensing activity related to direct commercial sales like the JDAMs agreement.
"We remain deeply concerned about the current violence and are working towards achieving a sustainable calm," the spokesperson said.
Strong support for Israel is a core value for both Democratic and Republican members of the U.S. Congress, despite calls from a few of the most progressive Democrats to take a tougher stance against the government of Israeli President Benjamin Netanyahu.
U.S. law allows Congress to object to weapons sales, but it is unlikely to do so in this case. Because Israel is among a handful of countries whose military deals are approved under an expedited process, the typical window for objecting will close before lawmakers can pass a resolution of disapproval, even if they were inclined to.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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GSA: Number of 5G devices breaks 500 barrier
posted by Candice from Temono
Monday 07 December 20
The Global mobile Suppliers Association (GSA) today reported the number of announced 5G devices has surpassed 500 for the first time, accompanied by a rapid increase in the number of commercially available 5G devices. By the end of November 2020, 519 5G devices had been announced, of which 303 were understood to be commercially available representing more than 58% of all announced 5G devices. In the last three months, the number of announced 5G devices has grown by 29.4%, while there has been a 59…
The Global mobile Suppliers Association (GSA) today reported the number of announced 5G devices has surpassed 500 for the first time, accompanied by a rapid increase in the number of commercially available 5G devices. By the end of November 2020, 519 5G devices had been announced, of which 303 were understood to be commercially available representing more than 58% of all announced 5G devices. In the last three months, the number of announced 5G devices has grown by 29.4%, while there has been a 59.5% increase in the number of commercially available 5G devices over the same period.
"The status of device launches and availability can tell us a great deal about the wider health of the 5G ecosystem," commented Joe Barrett, President of Global mobile Suppliers Association. "This year we've seen more and more symbolically important milestones being passed – over 500 announced 5G devices, more than 100 vendors, over 250 different phones, and 100 fixed wireless access CPE devices. And it doesn't stop there; we expect more 5G devices to become commercially available, surpassing the 330 mark before the year is out. The device vendor community has stepped up and delivered in the face of unprecedented challenges. As an industry, we can be excited about the opportunities 2021 will bring."
Part of the GSA Analyser for Mobile Broadband Data (GAMBoD) database, is the device ecosystem which tracks 5G (and 4G) devices and contains key details about device form factors, features and support for spectrum bands. Access to the GAMBoD database is only available to GSA Members and to GSA Associates subscribing to the service.
The December 2020 5G Ecosystem Report containing summary statistics can be downloaded for free from https://gsacom.com/paper/5g-ecosystem-december-2020-executive-summary/.
By end-November 2020, GSA had identified:
- 20 announced form factors
- 104 vendors who had announced available or forthcoming 5G devices
- 34 vendors have now produced or announced plans to produce 5G phones
- 55 vendors have now produced or announced plans to launch their own indoor or outdoor 5G FWA CPE devices
- 519 announced devices (including regional variants, and phones that can be upgraded using a separate adapter, but excluding operator-branded devices that are essentially rebadged versions of other phones), including 303 that are understood to be commercially available
- 251 phones (up 10 from October), at least 205 of which are now commercially available (up 36 in a month). Includes three phones that are upgraded to offer 5G using an adapter
- 100 FWA CPE devices (indoor and outdoor), at least 34 of which are commercially available. These numbers have been restated this month with fixed wireless industrial/enterprise gateway devices (generally designed for IoT or private network applications rather than public broadband services) now counted separately
- 72 modules, at least 23 of which are commercially available
- 26 industrial/enterprise routers/gateway/modem, at least 14 of which are commercially available
- 26 hotspots (including regional variants), at least 16 of which are commercially available
- 9 laptops (notebooks), at least one of which is commercially available
- 7 tablets, at least six of which are commercially available
- 28 other devices (including drones, head-mounted displays, including in vehicle routers/modems/hotspots, robots, snap-on dongles/?adapters, a switch, TVs, USB terminals/dongles/modems, cameras, a vehicle OBU, a vending machine and an encoder)
GSA has identified some spectrum support information for over 84% of all announced devices: 80.3% of all announced 5G devices are identified as supporting sub-6 GHz spectrum bands, while 19.7% are understood to support mmWave spectrum and 15.6% of all announced devices are known to support both mmWave and sub-6 GHz spectrum bands.
» GSA: Number of 5G devices breaks 500 barrier
What are UK operators doing to support their customers during the COVID-19 pandemic?
GSA: 5G passes network and device milestones in 2020


Just north of Santa Cruz, Skylark Ranch is the perfect retreat for any nature lover. From hiking through Big Basin, visiting the local creatures along the Northern California beaches, or checking out the camp's interactive nature center, Skylark Ranch provides the excitement of both land and sea. And with over 280 acres of land, Skylark Ranch is home to dozens of horses and quality riding instruction for beginners and experienced equestrians alike.
Take a Virtual Tour of Skylark Ranch!
Skylark Ranch features ten living units. Five of the units consist of open air cabins, two units have yurts with bunk beds, and one unit has traditional platform tents. Inside our cabins, yurts, and tents are cots and mattresses. For the more adventurous campers, our two primitive units are just the thing! Campers in these units either build their own tree bed or sleep in hammocks under the stars. All units have a campfire circle, picnic tables, running water, and bathrooms with low-flush toilets.
Skylark Ranch offers chartered buses from San Jose or Santa Cruz to get girls to and from camp. At the time of registration, you'll choose your desired bus pick-up and drop-off locations. Family camp does not include transportation.
Bring a picnic lunch and get a tour of camp, meet Skylark Ranch's full staff, and help your girl get acquainted with her new summer home!
New this summer, Camp Skylark Ranch is offering open office hours for all returning and prospective campers and their families! This is a great opportunity to visit camp, see the facilities, meet the camp director, ask questions, and share any information with us about your camper.
Check out what Roxy has to say about Skylark Ranch!
If you stay at Skylark Ranch, be sure to say hi to all my animal friends. Skylark Ranch is known for their horses, but did you know there are tons of other animals in the area, like ravens, banana slugs, and elephant seals?


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Q: CSS On Hover - Change Element ID1 to ID2 I am trying to figure out how to swap elements #1 to #2 on hover.
So what I need to achieve is that when I hover over #1 , it will change into #2.
Is it possible at all? CSS or jquery in Wordpress?
I haven't really tried anything other then hours googling, I don't really know where to start.

A: The trick is to add a container element

.container #two {
  display: none;
}

.container:hover #two {
  display: block;
}

.container:hover #one {
  display: none;
}

One

Two

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Fouling in membrane distillation (MD) results in an increase in operation costs and deterioration in a water quality. In this work, a poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropene) (PVDF-HFP) electrospun (E-PH) membrane was fabricated by hybridizing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymeric microspheres with superhydrophobicity onto the E-PH membrane via electrospinning. The resulting hybrid PDMS with E-PH (E-PDMS) membrane showed a significant enhancement in surface hydrophobicity (contact angle, CA=155.4°) and roughness (Ra=1285 nm). The zeta potential of E-PDMS membrane surface showed a higher negative value than that of a commercial PVDF (C-PVDF) membrane. These properties of E-PDMS membrane provided an antifouling in treating of differently-charged dyes and generated a flake-like dye–dye (loosely bound foulant) structure on the membrane surface rather than in the membrane pores. This also led to a high productivity of E-PDMS membrane (34 L m−2 h−1, 50% higher than that of C-PVDF membrane) without fouling or wetting. In addition, complete color removal and pure water production were achieved during a long-term operation. An application of intermittent water flushing (WF) in direct contact MD (DCMD) operation led to a 99% CA recovery of E-PDMS membrane indicating its sustainability. Therefore, the E-PDMS membrane is a promising candidate for MD application in dyeing wastewater treatment.