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I wanted to take the time to answer a question that I get very often – " Why is the name of your company Nuts and Bolts Contracting and not Nuts and Bolts Consulting?
And by the way, that is a VERY good question. So I am going to share with you why it is that way, why we decided on Contracting instead of Consulting.
First let's look at what the dictionary says about the two words.
Consulting means: To be employed or involved in giving professional advice to the public or to those practicing a profession whether an individual or company.
Contracting means: To enter into a contract to do work, for an individual or company, for the purpose of assessing and understanding the client's needs and performing the work to an agreed upon and expected end result.
We are not in the business of just fact-finding and giving advice.
We are in the business of helping you discover the areas where you are experiencing stops or barriers with your company that prevent you from achieving your business goals, and then working with you to eliminate those stops and barriers as well as implement the correct systems to enable you to realize those goals for your business.
So you see, we do not just consult, we contract to deliver an exact end result that you need and want for the purpose of helping you organize and manage your enterprise with the end goals that you desire.
We can also train your entire staff, be it managers or executives, to share and contribute to the successful management and operations of your company. You won't be the only back that the future of the company rests on. This returns to you, time and money. Your company will operate flawlessly and it won't matter if you are involved in the daily operations or not.


On April 27, 2016, in a move lauded as the most significant expansion of federal intellectual property law in the last half-century, Congress passed the Defend Trade Secrets Act of 2016 ("DTSA") and established the first civil remedy for trade secret misappropriation under federal law. The bill was passed as an amendment to the Economic Espionage Act, 18 USCA § 1832, which currently permits the Attorney General to enjoin trade secret misappropriation, but does not provide equivalent standing to civil litigants. Following significant cross-partisan support and easy passage through Congress, the DTSA was today signed into law by President Obama.The most ostensible feature of the DTSA is jurisdictional, as the bill forges a new road to federal court without the barriers that previously confined a great deal of trade secret litigation to state tribunals. Since a trade secret dispute brought under the DTSA arises under federal law, litigants no longer need to worry about the state citizenships of parties to get their case into federal court for relief. However, not every trade secret dispute will be eligible for adjudication under the DTSA. Unlike patents and copyrights, the bill is grounded in the legislature's "commerce power," so only trade secrets relating to a product or service intended for use in interstate commerce may qualify for federal protection.
A noteworthy aspect of the DTSA is its similarity to the current legal framework. With few exceptions, almost all states have enacted misappropriation statutes modeled after the Uniform Trade Secrets Act ("UTSA"), albeit with some variation. The DTSA uses strikingly similar language to the UTSA in defining what constitutes a "trade secret" and "misappropriation." In interpreting the federal law, courts will likely rely on the robust case law that has developed under UTSA for the past three decades. With that said, this preexisting statutory framework across 48 states perhaps undercuts the need for uniformity in trade secret law, as touted by proponents of the bill.
Despite its continuation of this common statutory language, the DTSA does contain certain unique features. Notably, it includes a provision for the pre-trial seizure of property related to the improper use or dissemination of a trade secret. The bill allows a trade secret owner to present an "ex-parte" petition to the court requesting that certain property of a defendant be seized and retained by the court pending the outcome of the case. Although such seizure should only issue in "extraordinary circumstances," the availability of this powerful mechanism raises concerns as to its effect on the cost and complexity of trade secret lawsuits. If trade secret litigation becomes unduly expensive, parties will be pressured to enter early settlements just to avoid the cost of defending against such actions.
Finally, the DTSA's whistleblower provision is sure to keep human resources departments busy over the next few months. Under the bill, any agreement with an employee governing the use of trade secrets (i.e. many non-competition and non-disclosure contracts) must include a notification that an employee is immune from liability if information is disclosed to address a potential violation of law. If a contract does not contain this notification, an employer who sues an employee for trade secret misappropriation in violation of such an agreement will be unable to recover exemplary damages or attorney's fees. These kinds of new features ensure that the DTSA will have a big impact.
David Moon is an attorney with Washington, DC regional business law firm, Berenzweig Leonard. David can be reached at dmoon@berenzweiglaw.com.


Representing Churches locally, regionally and nationally throughout the United States in defending against trust claims brought by their national denominations, the Church Property Law practice at Taylor Porter is nationally renowned, recognized and published with Partner Lloyd Lunceford serving as the General Editor for A Guide to Church Property Law, 2nd edition, Reformation Press, 2010, 478 pages. In the course of this practice, our attorneys have advised and represented more than 100 churches in 25 states, ranging in size from 20 to 8,000 congregation members, and churches whose property value ranged from a few hundred thousand dollars to as high as an estimated $100 million.
Local churches are most often listed as the owner in the deed to the local church property, but the denominations nevertheless sometimes claim a right to determine occupancy, use and control on the basis of a "trust clause" added to the denominational constitution. The question then becomes, "Who really owns the church building?" Recent court decisions in the United States have generated significant publicity and concern, prompting many congregations to seek review of the status of their local church property.
Our attorneys help churches evaluate their property-related documents to determine whether or not they have a viable claim to own their property without any trust attaching to it in favor of the denomination, and in obtaining civil court judgments that establish full and unfettered ownership.
Obtained injunctions that prevented immediate hostile takeovers by district denominational representatives, on behalf of churches in Delaware, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Missouri, Indiana and elsewhere.
Represented Carrollton Presbyterian Church of New Orleans against the Presbytery of South Louisiana in successfully establishing the local church's right to sell its property without Presbytery permission being required. The local church was awarded $480,000 in sanctions levied against the Presbytery for its bad faith litigation.
Served as co-counsel for Highland Park Presbyterian Church in successfully obtaining an injunction that barred Grace Presbytery from interfering with the local church's property use and decision to change denominations.
Served as co-counsel for First Presbyterian Church of Houston in successfully obtaining summary judgment on behalf of the local church, declaring that it owned its property free of any trust in favor of the denomination.
Filed amicus curiae briefs, in both Episcopalian and Presbyterian cases, with the State Supreme Courts of South Carolina, Texas, Indiana, and Oregon, successfully urging the adoption of neutral principles of law as the exclusive method for resolving church property disputes.


text:
The Southern Poverty Lie - Oops, "Law" - Center Faces Its Worst-Ever PR Crisis
Article author:
Paul Nachman
The "Southern Poverty Lie Center"—that's what late, lamented VDARE.com friend and talk-radio host Terry ("the Prisoner of South-Central") Anderson called it. Officially—and to the journalists—it's the Southern Poverty Law Center, founded and led by Morris Seligman Dees, Jr. But, in perhaps the SPLC's worst-ever public relations crisis, the Respectable Right, and even some on the Left, are voicing disillusion. (There was even a critical twitter storm, #SPLCExposed, on Monday).
(Though of Scottish lineage and a Baptist, Dees's obviously Jewish middle name—derived from the name of a merchant in Montgomery, AL whom Dees's grandfather had admired—has been handy for fundraising mailers sent by his outfit to gullible Jews...)
Here at VDARE.com, we call it the "$PLC," as recognition that its nation-breaking agendas are also cover for its real concern: fund-raising and nest-feathering.
Informed critiques of the $PLC are becoming thick on the ground. Of course, as VDARE.com's own James Fulford just pointed out, they too often accept the $PLC-propagated myth that it was ever a "Civil Rights Stalwart, as POLITICO headlined its critique. But they still inflict damage. Thus recently the Respectable Right Federalist's Stella Morabito rattled off 12 Ways The Southern Poverty Law Center Is A Scam To Profit From Hate-Mongering [May 17, 2017], including:
SLPC Uses Emotion-Laden Images to Spread Innuendo;
The FBI Stopped Citing SPLC as a Resource
The Center Is Advertising For New Revenue-Raisers
SPLC Propaganda Seems to Encourage Hoax Hate Crimes
And on March 19, 2017 the centrist Real Clear Politics posted The Hate Group That Incited the Middlebury Melee by Washington Bureau Chief Carl M. Cannon, referring to Charles Murray's $PLC-provoked experience in February at Middlebury College, but noting frankly how far the SPLC has moved from "civil rights":
But with the Ku Klux Klan literally out of business, how was the SPLC able to frighten people into still donating? That's where the AEI's Charles Murray reenters our story, along with many other mainstream conservative groups. Scaring the bejesus out of people requires new bogeymen, and lots of them.
In recent years, you can find yourself on the SPLC's "hate map" if you haven't gotten fully aboard on gay marriage — or the Democratic Party's immigration views. In other words, the Dees group classifies individuals and organizations as purveyors of "hate" for holding the same view on marriage espoused by Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton until mid-2012.
Over the years, there've also been some on the Left who've noticed the $PLC's cynical antics. One example: King of the Hate Business: With haters on the wane, what will the hate-seekers do?, by Alexander Cockburn, in The Nation (of all places) on April 29, 2009.
Another: the letter from Atlanta civil-rights attorney Stephen Bright to dean of the University of Alabama Law School Kenneth Randall, politely declining a request that he speak at a law-school event honoring Morris Dees. Bright crisply summed up Dees as "a con man and fraud."...
In recent years, SPLC has been tarring as "hate groups" organizations advocating systematic enforcement of our immigration laws and reduced legal immigration — e.g., the Federation for American Immigration Reform [FAIR]. Poll after poll shows that huge majorities of Americans agree with FAIR, but the SPLC would put this vast swath of public policy, with its enormous implications for our national future, out of bounds for public discussion.
Meanwhile the SPLC shows no heartburn over MEChA (Spanish acronym for the Chicano Student Movement of Aztlan, with Aztlan the mythical ancestral home of the Aztecs), which has chapters at hundreds of American colleges and high schools nationwide. MEChA's governing document, El Plan Espiritual de Aztlán, includes such ethnocentrisms as "We are a bronze people with a bronze culture." And the group's motto is "Por La Raza todo. Fuera de La Raza nada" ("For our Race, everything, outside our Race, nothing"). That's apparently too brazen to attract SPLC's attention as it sleuths everywhere for "white supremacists."...
So our late friend Terry Anderson was perhaps a bit off when he dubbed $PLC the "Southern Poverty Lie Center." It doesn't necessarily lie, exactly. Instead it typically make a hullabaloo over facts and ideas that it instinctively dislike and then demonstrate an unwillingness—or perhaps inability—to think about them on their merits.
Let's re-dub the outfit the "Southern Point & Splutter Center."
12 Ways The Southern Poverty Law Center Is A Scam To Profit From Hate-Mongering, by Stella Morabito, The Federalist, May 18, 2017.
IRLI Releases Obama Justice Department Reprimand of the Southern Poverty Law Center over its "Derogatory" Tactics, "Frivolous Behavior", IRLI, May 8, 2017:
Today, the Immigration Reform Law Institute (IRLI) announces the first-time release of an official letter of reprimand signed by the Obama-era Justice Department (DOJ) against the controversial tax-exempt "hate-watch" organization, the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) (letter found here). In the letter, DOJ states that the SPLC attorney violated professional ethics, among other things, by making personal and baseless attacks against IRLI, the Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR) and their staff during official immigration court proceedings...
Although the SPLC's utter lack of ethics was thoroughly condemned by the DOJ, the agency inexplicably requested that FAIR keep their conclusions confidential. FAIR and IRLI have complied with the request for more than a year; however, in that time, the SPLC has continued and escalated its attacks on both FAIR and IRLI, likely in part in retaliation for FAIR and IRLI filing a complaint with DOJ regarding its conduct. At this time, IRLI has decided it must release the letter to defend itself and protect its charitable purposes...
Comprehensive research, articles, and references on the SPLC - Southern Poverty Law Center hate group, CAIRCO
More articles on the SPLC
Why the Mainstream Media Must Stop Citing 'Anti-Hate'-Crusader Southern Poverty Law Center, Dale Wilcox, Breitbart
The SPLC exposed, The Social Contract
The Southern Poverty Law Center - SPLC - research on Discover The Networks
Research from The Social Contract:

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Lakeland REA is a member-owned rural electric co-operative and prides itself on providing reliable, rural power distribution to its member-owners. Locally governed - connected to members –co-operatively powered.
Lakeland REA is a rural focused, rural based electricity distributor providing reliable, rural power to its member-owners and governed by a Board of Directors who live and work in the communities that the REA serves.
Data courtesy of the Alberta Electric System Operator.
For more detailed data, please click to view on the AESO website.


EN ESTA SEMANA DEL 28 DE MAYO TUVIMOS EJERCICIOS ESPIRITUALES PARA LA LA HERMANDAD DE MUJERES ESTA VES LE TOCÓ ASISTIR AL RUMBO MÉXICO Y TUVIMOS LA PRESENCIA DE 209 EJERCITANTES.
PRÁCTICAMENTE TODAS LAS PERSONAS QUE ASISTIERON VENÍAN DEL ESTADO DE MÉXICO : TOLUCA, SAN CRISTOBAL SAN JOSE ACULCO, IZTSPALAPA, NEZA, CUAUTITLÁN, IZCALLI, TEXCOCO, TLALNEPANTLA, DEL OLIVAR DEL CONDE Y CHALCO.
FUE UNA TANDA PEQUEÑA EN ASISTENCIA, PERO QUE VIVIÓ CON MUCHA FE Y PARTICIPACIÓN SUS EJERCICIOS ESPIRITUALES.
ESPERAMOS QUE ESTA SEMANA DE EJERCITARSE EN SU FE, LES HAYA SERVIDO PARA CRECER COMO PERSONAS Y EN SU VIDA CRISTIANA.


The good folks at Simon Says Stamp issued a wonderful CHALLENGE this week: incorporate some metal into your project. I love working with metallic foil, and have a storage case full of Ten Seconds Studio metal foil stashed away in the Closet of Shame. Since another of my goals for 2013 is to use items from said closet, I decided to join in the challenge. After some thought, I decided to alter a standard composition notebook using metal foil, Metallic Distress Inks, Tim Holtz idea-ology and some other wonderful metal pieces purchased from The Funkie Junkie Boutique. I am also entering this album in The Funkie Junkie Sunday Share.
Once I had decided to make an altered journal, I knew I wanted to make a big, bold medallion for the cover. I selected Ten Seconds Studio Big Daddy 10 mold and a piece of gorgeous chocolate colored metal. Before there were embossing folders, there was Ten Seconds Studios, and I find there are still things that I can do with one of their molds, some metal, a paper stump and their awesome array of tools that you can't achieve with a die cut machine. Besides, I feel really artsy as I push that lovely soft metal into the mold and watch the image appear. I used their tool sets to add detail and to antique the image. Once I was happy with that, I used a combination of Espresso, Pesto and Copper alcohol inks to stain the metal and achieve a vintage look. I love the depth of the embossing, and the way you can make art metal look really vintage with these tools.
Making the Cover: The Details Make the Difference!
I used papers from Graphic 45's Renaissance Faire collection to cover the notebook, but before I added it, I sanded around the edges and then hit them with some Bronze Distress Stain. I also used Copper Alcohol Ink to color the black spine of the notebook. After stitching around the perimeter of the paper three times, I used a distressing tool to tear and rough up the edges. The paper was glued down and the embellishments were added. The cover was inked, stamped, embossed and I added metal hinges, using my Alterations Hardward Findings die. These were adhered with Glossy Accents. The large medallion was adhered with red line tape, which seems to work best on metal. You can see that I took the time to distress each embellishment. It's the details that make the difference!
I really like to carry the whole vintage vibe on the interior of the notebook. Both the front and the back pages were decorated and embellished. As you can see, pockets were added for photos, souvenirs or other ephemera. These make wonderful travel journals, too!
The back of the notebook is also decorated, covered with vintage map paper. I aged this with Vintage Photo Distress Ink and stitched around the perimeter.
There's still time for you to enter either of the above challenges. You don't have to do anything as involved or elaborate as I've done here. You can use metal buttons, or metallic embossing powder or even metallic pens to qualify for the Simon Says Stamp challenge. I just like playing with art metal. I'd love to hear about your experiences working in this medium, and if you have any questions, be sure to ask. I may not have the answers, but we can explore the topic together. That's what it's all about: sharing and learning and growing in our creativity.
Thanks again for reading my little blog. I hope you will take the time to leave me a comment. Your comments make me happy, right down to the tips of my crafty little fingers.
This entry was posted in Altered Art, Challenges, Metal Art, Mixed Media, Ranger Industries, Simon Says Stamp, Techniques, Ten Seconds Studio, The Funkie Junkie Boutique, Tim Holtz and tagged Altered Art, Journals, Metal Foil, Simon Says Stamp, Ten Seconds Studio, The Funkie Junkie Boutique on February 19, 2013 by kathycNC.
Fabaroonie! Love the cover and the beautiful pages. So much metal goodness!
Wow, this is wonderful! Fabulous journal cover and all the metallic elements are stunning. The inside pages are gorgeous too. Thank you for sharing with us at Simon Says Stamp and Show!
My jaw has hit the floor! The whole journal is superb…the pages fabulous and the theme fabulous, but the cover and medallion are GLORIOUS! Metal madness! I"M IN LOVE!!! I want to touch it, to listen to you tell me every detail of how to make it…to watch you! Reading is not enough! Thank you for showing me…ah us…your metals this week at Simon Says Stamp & Show!!! Pinned!
Your metalwork and your altered journal are sensational. What a wonderful piece of art you have created. I absolutely love metalwork and I'm drooling at that gorgeous medallion you created to grace the front cover – beautiful work with all the alcohol inks too.
I'm really thrilled to have you linking up to Sunday Share over at Frilly and Funkie and for giving my little shop a shout out. I hope you will be a regular playing with us at Frilly and Funkie. We have a brand new challenge starting tomorrow.
Oh. My. Goodness! I just love that fabulous metal art on the front of your altered notebook, as well as all the amazing little details. Every time I look at a photo, I see something that I missed the last time! I also love how you decorated the back and the inside pages. The first page with the map and labeled with "Journal" is wonderful!!! What a fun post this was to read and absorb!!!
This journal is beautiful! I love the medallion and the use of the maps. Great piece!
I thoroughly enjoy the lovingly aged historic look. Especially the map. It is a Journal worth passing down through the generations. And I also got a new vocabulary word today….! Thank the Lord for online dictionaries….
Ephemera (singular: ephemeron) is any transitory written or printed matter not meant to be retained or preserved. The word derives from the Greek, meaning things lasting no more than a day. Some collectible ephemera are advertising trade cards, airsickness bags, bookmarks, catalogues, greeting cards, letters, pamphlets, postcards, posters, prospectuses, stock certificates, tickets and zines. Decks of personality identification playing cards from the war in Iraq are a somewhat recent example.
Your medallion turned out great and I love "the closet of shame" !
I love your work with metallic foil, as you well know. :o) The piece… crafted by your hands now hanging in our home … brings me much joy ever time I look on it. Your creativity knows NO limits! Of this, I am absolutely convinced! Keep it up, dear friend! It's all just so beautiful!


text:
LYNN ELIZABETH REASOR
was born 10 February 1945 and registered to vote 25 August 2006, giving the address 13145 E 132 N ST in COLLINSVILLE, Oklahoma, U.S.A. 74021. REASOR registered as a Republican. REASOR voted in person on 7 November 2006, voted in person on 9 October 2007, voted in person on 5 February 2008, voted in person on 4 November 2008, voted in person on 27 July 2010, voted in person on 2 November 2010 and voted in person on 6 March 2012.
Last Name REASOR
First Name LYNN
Middle Name ELIZABETH
Status I
Street Num 13145
Street Name 132 N
City COLLINSVILLE
Mail Street 1 13145 EAST 132ND STREET NORTH
Mail City COLLINSVILLE
Mail State OK
Mail Zip 74021
Muni CITY OF COLLINSVILLE AT LARGE
School COLLINSVILLE PUBLIC SCHOOLS AT LARGE
Voter Hist 8
Hist Method 8
Voter Hist 10
Hist Method 10


text:
Security Central: A Banner Week for Hackers, Fraudsters – May 6th, 2016
In this week's Security Central, The VAR Guy explores a stash of stolen email accounts on the Russian Dark Web, a hacking at Pomeroy Investment Corp. and stolen W-2s.
Information security consulting firm Hold Security has uncovered 272.3 million stolen email accounts on the Russian dark web. The stash, which included hundreds of millions of Mail.ru, Google, Yahoo and Microsoft usernames and passwords, is one of the largest stores of stolen credentials uncovered in the last two years, according to a Reuters exclusive.
Hold's researchers located a young hacker who was angling to trade his collection of stolen accounts. Oddly enough, the individual priced his prized collection at 50 rubles (less than US$1), but settled for payment in the form of favorable endorsements on a hacker forum.
While the discovery has been made and email providers alerted, the trouble might only just have started, according to Hold founder and CIO Alex Holden. Large-scale breaches of this kind can be used to design further attacks on the contacts tied to the compromised accounts, a common tactic among those eyeing financial theft as an end game.
Just this week, the Detroit News reported a business email compromise (BEC) hack resulted in a $495,000 loss for Michigan-based Pomeroy Investment Corp. After commandeering an employee's email account, a hacker emailed a co-worker with a request for the funds to be transferred. According to the Detroit police, email communications for transactions have been a standard practice for this company, so the request was granted. Whoops.
Alas, the Pomeroy incident isn't the most unsettling fraud case this week. That distinction goes to payroll leader ADP, which is facing severe scrutiny after identity thieves stole employee W-2s from more than a dozen of the company's enterprise customers, including U.S. Bank. KrebsOnSecurity reported this week that thieves were able to register employee accounts through an external W-2 portal maintained by ADP. ADP assigns each of its client companies a unique link and company code, which some of its customers published online. Once hackers obtained this information, it was just a matter of gathering employees' basic personal data to allow them to enter the portal.
Exposure of W2 information is said to be limited to individuals who have previously been the victim of a prior breach separate from this week's ADP incident. However, both the ADP and Pomeroy incidents raise concerns about the persisting challenge of human error in data security. Incidents of the Pomeroy variety should prompt organizations to reassess the way in which they coach employees (if they coach them at all) on verification of these kinds of requests – even if the transaction requests come from a "trusted" source.
Unfortunately, today's threat landscape is plagued by a disastrous combination of savvy fraudsters and victim mistakes. As a result, online fraud is at an all time high and growing. A study released this week by Juniper Research puts worldwide online transaction fraud at $25 billion by 2020 (double the jackpot of transaction fraud in 2015). But can we really curb that prediction by doubling down on educating users in data security best practices? I'd say it's worth a shot.
5/6/16: The story has been edited to more accurately reflect the ADP breach. The sensitive customer information was published online by ADP clients, not ADP.
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text:
"Mathematical" Enoch Opeyemi and the Making of Another Nigerian Intellectual 419er
By Farooq A. Kperogi, Ph.D.
Twitter: @farooqkperogi
The moment I read about Dr. Enoch Opeyemi's claim to have solved the 156-year-old Riemann Hypothesis in the Vanguard of November 15, 2015, I didn't need to read a second opinion to know it was suspect at best and fraudulent at worst.
You don't need to think too deeply to realize that Dr. Opeyemi is one heck of a hilariously delusional intellectual scammer in the mold of Philip Emeagwali and Gabriel Oyibo. The second to the last paragraph in the Vanguard story that announced Opeyemi's "mathematical genius" was what did it for me. "Dr Enoch had previously… discovered a scientific technique for detecting and tracking someone on an evil mission," the report said. Seriously? How do you scientifically detect and track someone on an "evil mission"? What is an "evil mission," and what has science got to do with that? No one with this kind of prescientific, atavistic mindset can be trusted to have the cognitive capacity to solve an age-old mathematical puzzle like the Riemann Hypothesis.
Dr. Enoch Opeyemi who claims to have solved the Riemann Hypothesis
Now, Opeyemi's only evidence for claiming to have solved the Riemann Hypothesis was that he presented a paper on the puzzle at the International Conference on Mathematics and Computer Science in Vienna, Austria.
Well, it has turned out that the conference itself may be a borderline scam operation. An August 20, 2011 blog post titled "Fake Paper Accepted by Nina Ringo's Vienna Conference" revealed that a scientist by the name of Mohammad Homayoun who was suspicious of the genuineness of the International Conference on Mathematics and Computer Science (ICMC) decided to test his suspicion by submitting a fake, worthless, nonsensical paper to the conference to see if it would be accepted or rejected.
The researcher's hunch was accurate: the ICMC in Vienna appears to be an elaborate, money-making scholarly scam. His paper was accepted even though it was intentionally nonsensical. "The conference claims that submissions/papers are reviewed/refereed BUT they are not," the researcher wrote. "A fake paper was submitted for evaluation to intercomp2011@gmail.com on Sun, Jan 2, 2011. The notification of acceptance was received on Sun, Jan 9, 2011." That's just one week of "peer review."
But even if the conference were genuine, and it could very well be, you can't prove something as momentous as a 156-year-old mathematical problem with a mere conference presentation. In the rituals of knowledge production in academe, for any claim to be taken seriously, it has to be published in a well-regarded, peer-reviewed outlet, such as a journal. This is elementary knowledge.
In fact, a spokesperson for the US-based Clay Mathematics Institute (CMI), which offers a $1 million reward for anyone who can solve the Reimann Hypothesis, told CNN that any claim to have proved the hypothesis "would need to be published in a journal 'of worldwide repute' and accepted for two years within the mathematics community before it would be considered."
Opeyemi merely orally presented what he claims is his proof of the hypothesis at a conference on November 11. As of the time of writing this column, there is no written record of the paper Opeyemi presented at the conference, much less its publication in a journal. He told CNN's Thomas Page that his proof of the hypothesis is "due for publication by a journal attached to the Vienna conference on December 1." So why claim to have solved a problem when you haven't even gone through the basic protocols of scientific verification? Even if Opeyemi has indeed proved the hypothesis, it would take two years to earn the recognition and the reward. Why is he jumping the gun?
But, most importantly, Opeyemi actually stands no chance of even being able to prove the hypothesis because none of the journals published by the International Conference on Mathematics and Computer Science is of "worldwide repute." The conference's flagship journal, called the International Scientific Journal, isn't even listed, much less ranked, in Scientific Journal Rankings (SJR), the most prestigious database that measures the scientific impact and prestige of journals in the hard sciences.
My sense is that Dr. Opeyemi genuinely fancies himself as having solved this mathematical puzzle, and his self-construal of his intellectual machismo got a boost when his paper got accepted for presentation at a conference in Vienna, Austria. In the now rampant xenophilic academic culture in Nigeria that uncritically valorizes the foreign, for one's paper to be accepted at an "international" (read: white) academic conference is seen as an endorsement of one's peerless scholarly prowess. Never mind that many of these "international" conferences and journals are actually fraudulent.
When naive xenophilia seamlessly commingles with the kind of mortifyingly cringe-worthy credulity that pervades the Nigerian media landscape AND the progressive dearth and death of basic fact-checking in even international media outlets like the BBC, you end up with embarrassing stories like this.
This is not the first time this has happened. In July 2011, another Nigerian academic by the name of Michael Atovigba claimed to have solved the same Riemann Hypothesis. The ever so gullible Nigerian media believed and celebrated him. The reason Atovigba convinced himself that he had solved the mathematical puzzle that Opeyemi now also claims to have solved was that his paper (which has only seven references, four of which are from Wikipedia!) was found "worthy" of publication in an "international" journal, which turned out to be a notoriously worthless, predatory, bait-and-switch Pakistan-based journal that masquerades as a UK journal.
I wrote a widely circulated article on August 13, 2011 titled "Bait-and-Switch Publishing: New Face of Academic Fraud" that exposed this fraud. Among other things, I wrote: "Mr. Atovigba's claims to unparalleled mathematical genius might very well be true, but we have no way of knowing this for certain because he chose to publish his 'record-breaking' findings in the 'Research Journal of Mathematics and Statistics' owned by a bait-and-switch publishing company called Maxwell Scientific Organization."
Atovigba told the (Nigerian) Guardian that he would get his $1 million reward from the Clay Mathematics Institute now that he had published his "proof" in a "reputable international journal." Four years after, another deluded Nigerian "scientist" claims to have proved the same hypothesis for which Atovigba is still expecting his $1 million, and the media's legendary amnesia ensures that these clowns continue to expose Nigeria and Nigerians to international ridicule. Incredible!
What is even more incredible is that a Nigerian BBC correspondent's story on Opeyemi, inspired by Vanguard's initial reporting (which was itself instigated by Opeyemi himself), has caused the British media to perpetrate Opeyemi's misrepresentation. Now, the British media's uncritical echoing of Opeyemi's initial lie is invoked as evidence to lend credibility to his claims to a non-existent feat. It has become one labyrinthine network of tortuous, self-reinforcing falsehoods. Only Philip Emeagwali's carefully packaged fraud outrivals this. So sad!
Our Image as a Nation of Scammers I
Our Image as a Nation of Scammers II
Intellectual 419: Philip Emeagwali and Gabriel Oyibo Compared
Gabriel Oyibo and Philip Emeagwali: A Clarification
Bait-and-Switch Publishing: New Face of Academic Fraud
Ndi Okereke-Onyiuke's Fake Doctorate and Professorship
Print-on-Demand Book Scams and Nigerian Universities
Re: Print-on-Demand Book Scams and Nigerian Universities
On Bauchi's Fake Lecturer--and What Should be Done
Andy Uba and the Epidemic of Fakery in Nigeria
On Fowler's Fake Doctorate and Integrity Deficit
Posted by Farooq A. Kperogi at 12:05 AM
Labels: 419, Atovigba, Clay Mathematics Institute, Daily Trust on Saturday, Dr. Enoch Opeyemi, Farooq Kperogi, Intellectual 419, Nigerians, Nina Ringo, Riemann Hypothesis
"Mathematical" Enoch Opeyemi and the Making of Ano...


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ISM 038: Visual Storytelling Through Social Media: a Small Business Social Media Case Study
Rick Mulready / 12 Dec 2013
A small business social media case study with Andrea Sung of Sweet Rose Creamery is my topic this week on the Inside Social Media podcast, as the next installment in the special small business case study series. Andrea is the General Manager of this local Los Angeles ice cream shop and we discuss how they use social media to visually tell the story of their business.
Click here to subscribe to the podcast on iTunes
I've received a ton of great feedback (thank you!) on the social media small business case study series that I've started sprinkling into the podcast here, so I'm back with another episode — this time with a local ice cream shop in LA.
Sweet Rose Creamery is part of a small family of artisan restaurants in the Santa Monica-area of Los Angeles that focuses on locally-sourced ingredients and they've done a really smart job with their social media efforts.
Not to mention, they have the greatest salted caramel ice cream! Mmm, ice cream.
They've built up thousands of followers on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter while using these platforms to visually tell the story of their business in an authentic way — something all business should be thinking about.
In this episode you'll go behind-the-scenes of this small business social media success story, learn the challenges they've faced along the way and where they're taking their social media efforts now that they've built this base of raving fans.
Here's what else you'll learn:
How to tell the story of your business visually and how to choose the right social platforms for that so that you're not overwhelmed.
Tips for using pictures when showcasing your products and behind-the-scenes activity of your business.
How Sweet Rose uses Twitter and Facebook in their own unique way
And we also hear why Andrea watches what other food businesses are doing on social media so she can model and apply her own version of their success to the Sweet Rose accounts.
Episode Resources
Follow Sweet Rose Creamery on: Facebook, Twitter, Instagram
Sweet Rose Creamery's website
Wagstaff Worldwide Marketing
Would You Help Spread the Word About the Podcast?
I'd be forever grateful if you helped share the podcast. Click here for a pre-populated tweet to help spread the word to your friends on Twitter. THANK YOU!
Subscribe to the Inside Social Media Podcast
Feedback on the Podcast
If you have any suggestions for upcoming shows or a question for an upcoming episode, leave a Comment below.
If you enjoyed this podcast, I'd be extremely grateful if you would take a second and leave me a review and rating over on iTunes. Your taking a minute to do this allows me to help more people with this podcast, so I really appreciate it (once on that page, simply click on the "View in iTunes" button to leave your review — thanks very much!)
Right-click here to download the MP3 of this episode
Insider Show Notes: Social Media Case Study Tips & Strategies
Notes will be up soon!
ISM 039: Monetizing Your Social Efforts, What to Do About the "New" Facebook & More with Boston Celtics' Peter Stringer.
ISM 037: MTV's Tom Fishman on Choosing the Best Social Channels for Your Business


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The Prehistoric Period is the oldest part of Cypriot history. This article covers the period 10,000 to 800 BC and ends immediately before the documented history of Cyprus begins.

Epipalaeolithic
Cyprus was not settled in the Paleolithic (before agriculture), which allowed survival of numerous dwarf animal species, such as dwarf elephants (Elephas cypriotes) and pygmy hippos (Hippopotamus minor) well into the Holocene. These animals are thought to have arrived on the island as a result of being swept out to sea while swimming off the coast of the nearby mainland. There are claims of an association of this fauna with artifacts of Epipalaeolithic foragers at Aetokremnos near Limassol on the southern coast of Cyprus. The extinction of the pygmy hippos and dwarf elephants has been linked to the earliest arrival of Homo sapiens on Cyprus. There is evidence of this because of the piles of burned bones in the camps occupied by these early humans in caves on the southernmost point on the Island.

Neolithic

Aceramic Neolithic
The oldest evidence of neolithic settlement is dated to 8800–8600 BC. The first settlers were already agriculturalists (PPNB), but did not yet produce pottery (aceramic Neolithic). They introduced the dog, sheep, goats and maybe cattle and pigs as well as numerous wild animals like foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and Persian fallow deer (Dama mesopotamica) that were previously unknown on the island. The PPNB settlers built round houses with floors made of terrazzo of burned lime (e.g. Kastros, Shillourokambos, Tenta) and cultivated einkorn and emmer. Pig, sheep, goat and cattle were kept, but remained morphologically wild. Evidence for cattle (attested at Shillourokambos) is rare and when they apparently died out in the course of the 8th millennium they were not reintroduced until the early Bronze Age.

In the 6th millennium BC, the aceramic Choirokoitia culture (Neolithic I) was characterized by round houses (tholoi), stone vessels and an economy based on sheep, goats and pigs. The daily life of the people in those Neolithic villages was spent in farming, hunting, animal husbandry and the lithic industry, while homesteaders (likely women) were engaged in spindling and weaving cloths, in addition to their probable participation in other activities. The lithic industry was the most individual feature of this aceramic culture and innumerable stone vessels made of grey andesite have been discovered during excavations. The houses had a foundation of river pebbles, the remainder of the building was constructed in mudbrick. Sometimes several round houses were joined together to form a kind of compound. Some of these houses reach a diameter of up to 10 m. Inhumation burials are located inside the houses.

Water wells discovered by archaeologists in western Cyprus are believed to be among the oldest in the world, dated at 9,000 to 10,500 years old, putting them in the Stone Age. They are said to show the sophistication of early settlers, and their heightened appreciation for the environment.

Plant remains indicate the cultivation of cereals, lentils, beans, peas and a kind of plum called Bullace. Remains of the following animal species were recovered during excavations: Persian fallow deer, goat, sheep, mouflon and pig. More remains indicate Red deer, Roe deer, a kind of horse and a kind of dog but no cattle as yet.

Life expectancy seems to have been short; the average age at death appears to have been about 34 years, and there was a high infant mortality rate.

In 2004, the remains of an 8-month-old cat were discovered buried with its human owner at a Neolithic archeological site in Cyprus. The grave is estimated to be 9,500 years old, predating Egyptian civilization and pushing back the earliest known feline-human association significantly.

Ceramic Neolithic

The aceramic civilisation of Cyprus came to an end quite abruptly around 6000 BC. It was probably followed by a vacuum of almost 1,500 years until around 4500 BC when one sees the emergence of Neolithic II (Ceramic Neolithic).

At this time newcomers arrived in Cyprus introducing a new Neolithic era. The main settlement that embodies most of the characteristics of the period is Sotira near the south coast of Cyprus. The following ceramic Sotira phase (Neolithic II) has monochrome vessels with combed decoration. It had nearly fifty houses, usually having a single room that had its own hearth, benches, platforms and partitions that provided working places. The houses were on the main free-standing, with relatively thin walls and tended to be square with rounded corners. The sub-rectangular houses had two or three rooms. In Khirokitia, the remains of the Sotira phase overlay the aceramic remains. There are Sotira-ceramics in the earliest levels of Erimi as well. In the North of the island, the ceramic levels of Troulli may be synchronous with Sotira in the South.

The Late Neolithic is characterised by a red-on white ware. The late Neolithic settlement of Kalavassos-Pamboules has sunken houses.

Chalcolithic

The Neolithic culture was destroyed by an earthquake c. 3800 BC. In the society that emerged there are no overt signs of newcomers but signs of continuity, therefore despite the violent natural catastrophe, there is an internal evolution that is formalised around 3500 BC with appearance of the first metalwork and the beginning of the Chalcolithic (copper and stone) period that lasted until about 2500/2300 BC. Very few chisels, hooks and jewellery of pure copper have survived, but in one example there is a minimal presence of tin, something which may support contact with Asia Minor, where copper-working was established earlier.

During the Chalcolithic period changes of major importance took place along with technological and artistic achievements, especially towards its end. The presence of a stamp seal and the size of the houses that was not uniform, both hint at property rights and social hierarchy. The same story is supported by the burials because some of them were deposited in pits without grave goods and some in shaft graves with relatively rich furniture, both being indications of wealth accumulation by certain families and social differentiation.

The Eneolithic or Chalcolithic period is divided into the Erimi (Chalcolithic I) and Ambelikou/Ayios Georghios (Chalcolithic II) phases.
The type site of the Neolithic I period is Erimi on the South coast of the island. The ceramic is characterised by red-on white pottery with linear and floral designs. Stone (steatite) and clay figurines with spread arms are common. In Erimi, a copper chisel has been found, this is the oldest copper find in Cyprus so far. Otherwise, copper is still rare. Another important Chalcolithic site is Lempa (Lemba).

The Chalcolithic period did not come to an end at the same time throughout Cyprus, and lingered in the Paphos area until the arrival of the Bronze Age.

Bronze Age

Early Bronze Age
The new era was introduced by people from Anatolia who came to Cyprus about 2400 BC. The newcomers are identified archaeologically because of a distinct material culture, known as the Philia Culture. This was the earliest manifestation of the Bronze Age. Philia sites are found in most parts of the island.

As the newcomers knew how to work with copper they soon moved to the so-called copperbelt of the island, that is the foothills of the Troodos mountains. This movement reflects the increased interest in the raw material that was going to be so closely connected with Cyprus for several centuries afterwards.

The Philia phase of the Bronze Age (or Philia phases) saw a rapid transformation of technology and economy. Rectilinear buildings made of mud-brick, the plough, the warp-weighted loom and clay pot stands are among the characteristic introductions. Cattle were reintroduced, together with the donkey.

The succeeding Early Bronze Age is divided into three general phases (Early Cypriot I - III) - a continuous process of development and population increase. Marki Alonia is the best excavated settlement of this period.

Marki Alonia and Sotira Kaminoudhia are excavated settlements. Many cemeteries are known, the most important of which is Bellapais Vounous on the North coast.

Middle Bronze Age

The Middle Bronze Age, which follows the Early Bronze Age (1900–1600 BC), is a relatively short period and its earlier part is marked by peaceful development.
The Middle Bronze Age is known from several excavated settlements: Marki Alonia, Alambra Mouttes and Pyrgos Mavroraki.  These give evidence of economy and architecture of the period.
From Alambra and Marki in central Cyprus we know that the houses were rectangular with many rooms, with lanes allowing people to move freely in the community. At the end of the Middle Bronze Age, fortresses were built in various places, a clear indication of unrest, although the cause is uncertain.
The most important cemeteries are at Bellapais, Lapithos, Kalavasos and Deneia. An extensive collection of Bronze Age pottery can be seen online from the cemeteries at Deneia.

The up to now oldest copper workshops have been excavated at Pyrgos-Mavroraki, 90 km southwest of Nicosia.  Cyprus was known as Alashiya, the name is preserved in Egyptian, Hittite, Assyrian and Ugaritic documents.  The first recorded name of a Cypriot king is Kushmeshusha, as appears on letters sent to Ugarit in the 13th century BC.

Late Bronze Age
The beginning of the Late Bronze Age does not differ from the closing years of the previous period. Unrest, tension and anxiety mark all these years, probably because of some sort of engagement with the Hyksos, who ruled Egypt at this time but were expelled from there in the mid-1500s BC. Soon afterwards peaceful conditions prevailed in the Eastern Mediterranean that witnessed a flowering of trade relations and the growing of urban centres. Chief among them was Enkomi, near modern Famagusta, though several other harbour towns also sprang up along the southern coast of Cyprus. Around 1500 BC, Thutmose III claimed Cyprus and imposed a tax on the island.

Literacy was introduced to Cyprus with the Cypro-Minoan syllabary, a derivation from Cretan Linear A. It was first used in early phases of the late Bronze Age (LCIB, 14th century BC) and continued in use for c. 400 years into the LC IIIB, maybe up to the second half of the 11th century BC. It likely evolved into the Cypriot syllabary.

The Late Cypriot (LC) IIC (1300–1200 BC) was a time of local prosperity. Cities were rebuilt on a rectangular grid plan, like Enkomi, where the town gates now correspond to the grid axes and numerous grand buildings front the street system or newly founded. Great official buildings (constructed from ashlar-masonry) point to increased social hierarchisation and control. Some of these buildings contain facilities for processing and storing olive oil, like at Maroni-Vournes and "building X" at Kalavassos-Ayios Dhimitrios. Other ashlar-buildings are known from Palaeokastro. A Sanctuary with a horned altar constructed from ashlar-masonry has been found at Myrtou-Pigadhes, other temples have been located at Enkomi, Kition and Kouklia (Palaepaphos). Both the regular layout of the cities and the new masonry techniques find their closest parallels in Syria, especially in Ugarit (modern Ras Shamra).

Rectangular corbelled tombs point to close contacts with Syria and Palestine as well. The practice of writing spread, and tablets in the Cypro-Minoan script have been found on the mainland as well (Ras Shamra). Ugaritic texts from Ras Shamra and Enkomi mention "Ya", the Assyrian name of Cyprus, that thus seems to have been in use already in the late Bronze Age.

Cyprus was, at some times, a part of the Hittite empire but was a client state and as such was not invaded but rather merely part of the empire by association and governed by the ruling kings of Ugarit. As such Cyprus was essentially "left alone with little intervention in Cypriot affairs". However, during the reign of Tudhaliya IV the island was briefly invaded by the Hittites for either reasons of securing the copper resource or as a way of preventing piracy. Shortly afterwards the island had to be reconquered again by his son Suppiluliuma II, around 1200 BC. Some towns (Enkomi, Kition, Palaeokastro and Sinda) show traces of destruction at the end of LC IIC. Originally, two waves of destruction, c. 1230 BC by the Sea Peoples and 1190 BC by Aegean refugees, or 1190 and 1179 BC according to Paul Aström had been proposed. Some smaller settlements (Ayios Dhimitrios and Kokkinokremnos) were abandoned but do not show traces of destruction.

The years of peace that brought about such a flowering of culture and civilisation did not last. During these years Cyprus reached unprecedented heights in prosperity and it played a rather neutral role in the differences of her powerful neighbours.

Rich finds from this period testify to a vivid commerce with other countries. We have jewellery and other precious objects from the Aegean along with pottery that prove the close connections of the two areas, though finds coming from Near Eastern countries are also plentiful.

In the later phase of the late Bronze Age (LCIIIA, 1200–1100 BC) great amounts of "Mycenaean" IIIC:1b pottery were produced locally. New architectural features include Cyclopean walls, found on the Greek mainland as well and a certain type of rectangular stepped capitals, endemic on Cyprus. Chamber tombs are given up in favour of shaft graves.
Cyprus was settled by Mycenaean Greeks by the end of the Bronze Age, beginning the Hellenization of the island. Large amounts of IIIC:1b pottery are found in Palestine during this period as well. There are finds that show close connections to Egypt as well. In Hala Sultan Tekke Egyptian pottery has been found, among them wine jugs bearing the cartouche of Seti I and fish bones of the Nile perch.

Another Greek wave of colonization is believed to have taken place in the following century (LCIIIB, 1100–1050), indicated, among other things, by a new type of graves (long dromoi) and Mycenean influences in pottery decoration.

Most authors claim that the Cypriot city kingdoms, first described in written sources in the 8th century BC were already founded in the 11th century BC. Other scholars see a slow process of increasing social complexity between the 12th and the 8th centuries, based on a network of chiefdoms. In the 8th century (geometric period) the number of settlements increases sharply and monumental tombs, like the 'Royal' tombs of Salamis appear for the first time. This could be a better indication for the appearance of the Cypriot kingdoms. This period shows the appearance of large urban centers.

Iron Age
The Iron Age follows the Submycenean period (1125–1050 BC) or Late Bronze Age and is divided into the:
 Geometric 1050–700 BC
 Archaic 700–525 BC

In the ensuing Early Iron Age Cyprus becomes predominantly Greek. Pottery shapes and decoration show a marked Aegean inspiration although Oriental ideas creep in from time to time. Pottery types also appear from other Mediterranean cultures as evidenced from in archaeological recovery on Cyprus of pottery from Cydonia, a powerful urban center of ancient Crete.
New burial customs with rock-cut chamber tombs having a long "dromos" (a ramp leading gradually towards the entrance) along with new religious beliefs speak in favour of the arrival of people from the Aegean. The same view is supported by the introduction of the safety pin that denotes a new fashion in dressing and also by a name scratched on a bronze skewer from Paphos and dating between 1050–950 BC.

Foundations myths documented by classical authors connect the foundation of numerous Cypriot towns with immigrant Greek heroes in the wake of the Trojan war. For example, Teucer, the brother of Aias was supposed to have founded Salamis, and the Arcadian Agapenor of Tegea to have replaced the native ruler Kinyras and to have founded Paphos. Some scholars see this a memory of a Greek colonisation already in the 11th century. In the 11th-century tomb 49 from Palaepaphos-Skales three bronze obeloi with inscriptions in Cypriot syllabic script have been found, one of which bears the name of Opheltas. This is the first indication of Greek language use on the island, although it is written in the Cypriot syllabary that remained in use down to the 3rd century BC.

Cremation as a burial rite is seen as a Greek introduction as well. The first cremation burial in Bronze vessels has been found at Kourion-Kaloriziki, tomb 40, dated to the first half of the 11th century (LCIIIB). The shaft grave contained two bronze rod tripod stands, the remains of a shield, and a golden sceptre as well. Formerly seen as the Royal grave of first Argive founders of Kourion, it is now interpreted as the tomb of a native Cypriote or a Phoenician prince. The cloisonné enamelling of the sceptre head with the two falcons surmounting it has no parallels in the Aegean, but shows a strong Egyptian influence.

In the 8th century, numerous Phoenician colonies were founded, like Kart-Hadasht ('New Town'), present day Larnaca and Salamis. The oldest cemetery of Salamis has indeed produced children's burials in Canaanite jars, clear indication of Phoenician presence already in the LCIIIB (11th century). Similar jar burials have been found in cemeteries in Kourion-Kaloriziki and Palaepaphos-Skales near Kouklia. In Skales, many Levantine imports and Cypriote imitations of Levantine forms have been found and point to a Phoenician expansion even before the end of the 11th century.

The 8th century BC saw a marked increase of wealth in Cyprus. Communications to the east and west were on the ascent and this created a prosperous society. Testifying to this wealth are the so-called royal tombs of Salamis, which, although plundered, produced a truly royal abundance of wealth. Sacrifices of horses, bronze tripods and huge cauldrons decorated with sirens, griffins etc., chariots with all their ornamentation and the horses' gear, ivory beds and thrones exquisitely decorated were all deposited into the tombs' "dromoi" for the sake of their masters.

The late 8th century is the time of the spreading of the Homeric poems, the "Iliad" and the "Odyssey". Funerary customs at Salamis and elsewhere were greatly influenced by these poems. The deceased were given skewers and firelogs in order to roast their meat, a practice found in contemporary Argos and Crete, recalling the similar gear of Achilles when he entertained other Greek heroes in his tent. Honey and oil, described by Homer as offerings to the dead are also found at Salamis, and the flames of fire that consumed the deceased were quenched with wine as it happened to Patroclus' body after it was given to the flames. The hero's ashes were gathered carefully wrapped into a linen cloth and put into a golden urn.

At Salamis the ashes of the deceased are also wrapped into a cloth and deposited into a bronze cauldron. Therefore, the Cypriots along with their extravagant display of wealth that bears many oriental features, do not forget their roots for which they must have been very proud. The circulation of the Homeric poems must have revived the interest in their ancestors whose system of government they never lost sight of.

The Prehistoric Period came to an end with the writing of the first works that still survive, first by the Assyrians, then by Greeks and Romans.

Genetic studies

Neolithic Cyprus
In their archaeogenetics study, Lazaridis et al. (2022) carried out principal components analysis (PCA), projecting the ancient individuals onto the variation of present-day West Eurasians. They discovered that Neolithic Cypriots genetically clustered with Neolithic Anatolians. Two main clusters emerge: an "Eastern Mediterranean" Anatolian/Levantine cluster that also includes the geographically intermediate individuals from Cyprus, and an "inland" Zagros-Caucasus-Mesopotamia-Armenia-Azerbaijan cluster. There is structure within these groupings. Anatolian individuals group with each other and with those from Cyprus, whereas Levantine individuals are distinct.

During the Neolithic era the highest proportion of Anatolian Neolithic-related ancestry is observed in Neolithic Anatolian populations as well as Neolithic Aegeans and the early farmers of Cyprus. The high Anatolian-related ancestry in Cyprus revealed by their model and subsequent analyses sheds light on debates about the origins of the people who spread Pre-Pottery Neolithic culture to Cyprus. Parallels in subsistence, technology, settlement organization, and ideological indicators suggest close contacts between Pre-Pottery Neolithic B people in Cyprus and on the mainland, but the geographic source of the Cypriot Pre-Pottery Neolithic populations has been unclear, with many possible points of origin. An inland Middle Euphrates source has been suggested on the basis of architectural and artifactual similarities. However, the faunal record at Cypriot Pre-Pottery Neolithic B sites and the use of Anatolian obsidian as raw material suggest linkages with Central and Southern Anatolia, and the genetic data increase the weight of evidence in favor of this scenario of a primary source in Anatolia.

See also
Cyprus dwarf hippopotamus
Cyprus dwarf elephant

References

Bibliography
 Bernard Knapp, A. Prehistoric and Protohistoric Cyprus. Oxford University Press, 2008.
 Clarke, Joanne, with contributions by Carole McCartney and Alexander Wasse. On the Margins of Southwest Asia: Cyprus during the 6th to 4th Millennia BC.
 Gitin S., A. Mazar, E. Stern (eds.), Mediterranean Peoples in Transition, Thirteenth to Early Tenth Centuries BCE (Jerusalem, Israel exploration Society 1998). Late Bronze Age and transition to the Iron Age.
 Muhly J. D. The role of the Sea People in Cyprus during the LCIII period. In: V. Karageorghis/J. D. Muhly (eds), Cyprus at the close of the Bronze Age (Nicosia 1984), 39–55. End of Bronze Age

 Swiny, Stuart (2001) Earliest Prehistory of Cyprus, American School of Oriental Research
 Tatton-Brown, Veronica. Cyprus BC, 7000 Years of History (London, British Museum 1979).
 Webb J. M. and D. Frankel, Characterising the Philia facies. Material culture, chronology and the origins of the Bronze Age in Cyprus. American Journal of Archaeology 103, 1999, 3-43.

External links

 Archaeology and history of Cyprus
 Deneia Bronze Age pottery
 Ancient History of Cyprus, by Cypriot government .

Cyprus
Cyprus
Cyprus
Cyprus
Cyprus

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Kristin Sandberg (born 23 March 1972) is a former Norwegian football player and World Champion.

She played on the Norwegian team that won the 1995 FIFA Women's World Cup.

References

1972 births
Living people
Norwegian women's footballers
Norway women's international footballers
1995 FIFA Women's World Cup players
FIFA Women's World Cup-winning players
Toppserien players
Asker Fotball (women) players
UEFA Women's Championship-winning players
Women's association footballers not categorized by position


With MindTouch I invite you to improve the connection with yourself and the ones around you through contact and a beautiful form of physical mindfulness.
MindTouch is born of the need to extend our hands to others and together reach a deep state of relaxation and wellbeing.
I´m sure you´ve heard of Mindfulness, meditation or other forms of self-care that remind you you have to love yourself in order to be happy. And that´s great!
All these techniques are practiced on an individual form, yet we live our lives in relation to others, right?
Would you be willing to learn a practical and simple way to get in tune with them?
• MindTouch is for everyone. You can learn these simple and efficient techniques at any age and you don't need previous knowledge.
• You don't need products or special gadgets to practice MindTouch, just your hands and plenty of good intentions.
• You can practice MindTouch on a massage table or over a soft surface on the floor, dressed with confortable clothing.
• After the first workshop you´ll be able to apply MindTouch straight away and with immediate results.
• Once you've learn the basic skills you have the possibility of progressing to the next level and acquire techniques to practice at a profesional level.
• Stress and how it affects our body and mind.
• Biodynamic and biocinetic energy.
• Relating to our inertial fulcrums.
• Communicating with the breath of life and the primary respiratory system.
• Bringing presence into your midline and energy centres.
◦ Releasing the neck, head and shoulders.
◦ Giving space and movement to your spine.
◦ Opening your thoracic and abdominal space.
◦ Working your energy lines in your legs and arms.
• Listening and integration skills.
IF YOU´D LIKE TO ORGANISE A COURSE OR WORKSHOP IN YOUR CENTRE OR TOWN, GET IN CONTACT AND WE´LL MAKE IT HAPPEN!


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Texas Tech researchers win National Science Foundation awards
A-J Media
Two Texas Tech researchers are among more than 300 early career researchers from around the country to receive awards from the National Science Foundation.
The National Science Foundation invested $150 million in 307 early career faculty to advance fields from intelligent infrastructure and collaborative robots to secure communications and brain-related technologies. Among the recipients are Zhe Wang, an assistant professor in the department of human development and family studies within the College of Human Sciences, and Jeremy Marston, an assistant professor in the department of chemical engineering in the Edward E. Whitacre Jr. College of Engineering.
Wang is using her award to research how anxiety about mathematics interacts with math learning over time, while Marston received his award for his work with needle-free injections, which could reduce the occurrence of accidental needle stick injuries and help health care professionals deliver drugs in a more effective way.
Each researcher will receive up to $500,000 over the next five years to build a firm scientific footing for solving challenges and scaling new heights. They will serve as academic role models in research and education.


text:
Care – figura della mitologia greca
 Prendersi cura (Care) – episodio della terza stagione di Law & Order - Unità vittime speciali


Books by Association members on Regression Therapy.
A practical manual that covers the theory and techniques that can help to heal the soul using regression therapy. It is Illustrated with numerous moving case studies and will interest both the therapist and the general reader alike.
The book narrates how a medical doctor guides a hospital patient through an intense healing journey from the abyss of despair to the freedom from disabling symptoms using regression therapy. Intertwined with the story are insights into the healing techniques, reflections on the therapy and the profound learning gained from a life-changing journey.
The stories of six medical doctors prepared to embrace regression therapy when traditional medicine did not work. Eleven patients were taken to the source of their problem in past lives and experience an amazing transformation. It brings new hope to the public and inspires other medical professionals.
This describes how a medical doctor explored and transformed the past lives of four of his patients to assist in their rapid healing. It is written for the general reader and will also be of interest to medical professionals.


Exploring the hidden secrets in the caves of Ko Phi Phi Leh Island in Thailand is a must do when visiting Phuket or Phi Phi Island.
The only way to enter the hidden treasures inside the famous lime stone rocks of the Phi Phi islands is signing up for a canoe tour. We signed up with Sea Canoe and the journey will only be organized during the low tide, as that's the only time the water is low enough for you to enter the inside of the lime rocks.
Although the weather was cloudy, it is rainy season after all - so actually happy we weren't flushed out by a rain storm-, it is well worth the trip. Each canoe has his own "driver", meaning you just sit back, relax, enjoy the silence of the sea and explore with the eco friendly guides what's inside.
Who would have imagined to find monkeys inside these Koh Phi Phi Leh hidden lagoons? Mangroves? Crabs and mudskippers? Birds of Prey? Amazing!
Ko Phi Phi Leh and Ko Phi Phi Don are less than 50 km away from both Phuket Island and Krabi town on the west coast of southern Thailand.


An Individual Retirement Account (IRA) is by definition a tax-deferred vehicle typically used to save for retirement. There is however, one item that can change the tax deferred status. That item, is Unrelated Business Income Tax (UBIT). UBIT is an additional tax on certain tax-exempt entities from income earned outside of the main function of the entity. While capital gains or ordinary income tax are household names, UBIT is unfamiliar for most people and easily misunderstood. This is a tax usually applied to IRA investing in positions outside the traditional capital markets.
How is the tax generated?
While there are many alternative investments available to the general public through an IRA, it's typically only those with debt financing that will trigger UBIT. Income generated from debt financing (ex: debt used to purchase an apartment complex) will most likely generate UBIT. Generally, IRA investments that generate UBIT include limited partnerships and limited liability companies because this would be considered income unrelated to the primary purpose of the IRA. Any investment that earns interest is not taxed immediately due to the tax-exempt status which allows compound interest to take effect. If there is an investment unrelated to the primary purpose of the IRA, the UBIT overrides the tax-exempt status and triggers an additional tax that's otherwise avoided.
The amount owed for UBIT is directly related to the % of debt on the specific investment. If there is 50% debt on a real estate property then 50% of the profit is subject to UBIT. (See below for tax rates.) Action steps are only needed if the taxable income generated from the investment is greater than $1,000.
If an investor finds themselves in a position to owe UBIT, this tax will be applied at the entity level, not the individual. Because the IRA technically generated the tax, the IRA would owe the tax instead of the individual. Any tax liability owed by the IRA has no impact on a person's individual return—it is completely distinct and separate.
Because the IRA is the entity that owes the tax, the account owner would apply for an IRA EIN and file Form 990-T. This would be a separate tax return outside of the individual's 1040. The 990-T is due four months after the end of the tax year.
The UBIT is only required to be reported if the income generated is over $1,000. There are deductions available to the income generated that can reduce taxable profit. Expenses, depreciation and similar items that are connected to the unrelated business activities are deductible. Also, net operating losses qualify as a deduction. UBIT can be unique for a real estate investment. For example, a real estate project may not pay much income (under $1,000) each year while it's being held. Then, the property distributes a large return (over $1,000) upon the sale which would trigger the UBIT, but not until the return is over $1,000.
At the end of the day, UBIT is not a tax to be feared or purposefully avoided, but rather realize that it is triggered by your investments distributing funds, which is a good problem to have. While not tax experts, the advisors at Box Financial would be willing to further assist you with any questions you may have related to alternative investments held by your IRA, including questions about UBIT.


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text:
Tres Pinos kan syfta på:

Geografi

Mexiko

 Tres Pinos, Chiapas, Frontera Comalapa,

USA

 Tres Pinos, Kalifornien, San Benito County,

Robotskapade Mexikoförgreningar
Robotskapade USAförgreningar


Gareth Roberts joined Blue Heron in 2019. He has previously been a contributor to The Reviews Hub and has experience in editing, research and writing. His interests include reading, theatre, running and European politics. He attended the University of Exeter where he earned a BA in English and an MA in literary studies.


text:
Stanley Kubrick (1928–1999)
Director | Writer | Producer
Stanley Kubrick was born in Manhattan, New York City, to Sadie Gertrude (Perveler) and Jacob ...
Died: March 7, 1999 (age 70)
Director's Trademarks: A Guide to Stanley Kubrick's Films
2001: A Space Odyssey and Eyes Wide Shut are just the beginning of Stanley Kubrick's legacy. Are you up to speed on the film icon's style?
2001: A Space Odyssey Director (1968)
A Clockwork Orange Director (1971)
Barry Lyndon Director (1975)
Eyes Wide Shut Director (1999)
The Seafarers (1953)
Day of the Fight (1951)
Flying Padre (1951)
Full Metal Jacket Murphy (1987)
Lolita Man in Mansion Interior (1962)
The Movies (2019)
Stanley Kubrick Considers The Bomb (2019)
Trumbull Land (2018)
SK13 (2018)
Filmworker (2017)
Six Different Kinds of Light John Alcott (2015)
Kubrick Remembered (2014)
Ain't Misbehavin (2013)
Prophets of Science Fiction (2011)
Il était une fois... (2011)
Moguls & Movie Stars: A History of Hollywood (2010)
Coming Attractions: The History of the Movie Trailer (2009)
Eiga no tatsujin 2: End Credits (2009)
Stanley Kubrick's Boxes (2008)
What Is Out There? (2007)
View from the Overlook: Crafting 'The Shining' (2007)
Edge of Outside (2006)
Horror Business (2005)
Movies That Shook the World (2005)
The Music of 'A.I.' (2002)
A.I.: From Drawings to Sets (2002)
Sendung ohne Namen (2002)
Special Visual Effects and Animation: ILM (2002)
Creating A.I. (2002)
Acting A.I.: A Portrait of Gigolo Joe (2002)
Acting A.I.: A Portrait of David (2002)
Look: Stanley Kubrick! (2001)
Stanley Kubrick: A Life in Pictures (2001)
2001: The Making of a Myth (2001)
Stanley and Us (1999)
Gomorron (1999)
The 71st Annual Academy Awards (1999)
Empire of the Censors (1995)
A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001)
Inside: 'Dr. Strangelove or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb' (2000)
The Art of Stanley Kubrick: From Short Films to Strangelove (2000)
Omnibus (1952)
Abigail Rosen, who co-starred with Viva in Andy Warhol's Tub Girls (1967), was the first door lady at Max's Kansas City, a nightclub in New York City. She claims she had the honor of throwing Kubrick out of the club. "At first Mickey [Ruskin] hired ...
[on Jack Nicholson] I believe that Jack is one of the best actors in Hollywood, perhaps on a par with the greatest stars of the past like Spencer Tracy and James Cagney. I should think that he is on almost everyone's first-choice list for any role ...
Preferred to shoot his films in the Academy ratio (1.37:1). The exceptions were: Spartacus (1960), in Panavision, and 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968), in Cinerama. Much of his films consist of wide-angle shots that give the impression of a wide-screen ...
New York City, New York, USA
Harpenden, Hertfordshire, England, UK
5' 6½" (1.69 m)
16 July 2019 | Slash Film
'Eyes Wide Shut' at 20: Stanley Kubrick's Haunting Final Masterpiece Sees Human Nature All Too Clearly
16 July 2019 | Screen Rant
10 Movies To Watch If You're A Mel Brooks Fan
15 July 2019 | The Playlist
'For All Mankind' Teaser: Creator Ronald D. Moore Gives A Peek At Upcoming Apple TV+ Series About An Alternate Reality '60s Space Race
Directors and their Music
Most Visionary Science-Fiction Director?
Directors with the Most Quotable Movies
Greatest Five Movie Streak by a Director
Stanley Kubrick's Top 10 Favorite Movies
Face-Off: Stanley Kubrick Vs Christopher Nolan


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text:
package net.entropysoft.transmorph.converters.enums;

import java.text.MessageFormat;

import net.entropysoft.transmorph.ConversionContext;
import net.entropysoft.transmorph.ConverterException;
import net.entropysoft.transmorph.converters.AbstractConverter;
import net.entropysoft.transmorph.type.TypeReference;

/**
 * Convert a string to the corresponding enumeration
 *
 * @author Cedric Chabanois (cchabanois at gmail.com)
 *
 */
public class StringToEnum extends AbstractConverter {

	public StringToEnum() {
		this.useObjectPool = true;
	}

	public Object doConvert(ConversionContext context, Object sourceObject,
			TypeReference<?> destinationType) throws ConverterException {

		if (sourceObject == null) {
			return null;
		}
		String sourceString = (String) sourceObject;

		try {
			Class<Enum> enumType = (Class<Enum>) destinationType.getRawType();
			return Enum.valueOf(enumType, sourceString);
		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
			throw new ConverterException(
					MessageFormat
							.format(
									"Enum type ''{0}'' has no constant with the specified name ''{1}''",
									destinationType.toHumanString(),
									sourceString), e);
		}
	}

	protected boolean canHandleDestinationType(TypeReference<?> destinationType) {
		return destinationType.getRawType().isEnum();
	}

	protected boolean canHandleSourceObject(Object sourceObject) {
		if (sourceObject == null) {
			return true;
		}
		return sourceObject instanceof String;
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub