Question: W520: PNY XLR8 240GB SSD with error "2100: Detection Error on HDD0 (Main HDD)"
When I try to boot my W520, I get a BIOS boot up error : "2100: Detection Error on HDD0 (Main HDD)". I am using PNY XLR8 240GB SSD. It worked fine for a month. I also have PGP installed and whole disc encrypted. I installed an update of Intel Management Engine Firmware and Intel Chipset, both are the latest from lenovo site because I was experiencing expreme slowness from my harddrive. Programs would freeze. Webpages would take forever to load..The next time I rebooted, I got the error. If I leave the SSD out for a bit, and put the SSD back in, the disk will work for some time... but on next reboot, it is again detection error.. TRIM is enabled on my system. I am not sure how the SSD died so quickly. I am back to using my HDD but I am not happy. I want a solution... is this a intel chipset issue? Intel IMEI issue? Is the PNY SSD just a bad model? I've googled plenty and dont really see a solution. Sometimes there is a firmware update.. PNY has no firmware updates for my drive.. I don't see anybody else using PNY on their W520, but plenty of people are experiencing Error 2100 with SSD on their W520.. somethings fishy.. help please! thanks in advance !
Answer:W520: PNY XLR8 240GB SSD with error "2100: Detection Error on HDD0 (Main HDD)"
I don't have a ThinkPad W520 or a PNY SSD, but could it be simply that the SSD is coming loose inside the ThinkPad's chassis? I suppose this could occur if a 7mm high SSD was inserted into a 9.5mm high 2.5" drive bay with a ~2mm spacer to "pad" the unused vertical space.
I've had my T430 for about a year, and other than two Corsair RAM sticks failing my computer has been running smoothly. Last night, my computer suddenly froze up and now it won't recognize my SSD. I'm currently using my stock HDD, but now I can't access any of the data on my SSD. I've tried running the SSD firmware update from the Lenovo site, but it wouldn't show my SSD under the memory devices (I'm not sure if this particular SSD is supported by the firmware update either). I don't think lenovo customer support would help in this situation, since my stock HDD runs fine and I didn't buy the SSD from them, so any help would be appreciated.
I have the same problem that I ran into for no reason. Does anyone have a solution for this? Luckily I was able to login to safemode once and did my data back up after I could not login to safe mode. The moment I connect to net work this problem happens. On a side note I bought this T430S on ebay 3 months back with 16GB Memory, 500GB SSD which was running pretty good.
That error is coming from BIOS, it means there is something wrong detecting the mSATA SSD. It could point to a hardware problem. It is definitely not a software problem. I would call the support line in your country, and ask what they recommend about it.
Hi, I have a month old T440s. It has the original 256GB SSD drive (didn't open\replace anything).After uninstalling some antivirus software win8 had problems booting. To make a long story short, I tried different things to fix the MBR and eventually got to the point of trying to do a full factory restore, which didn't work (it couldn't find the recovery partition).When I boot up now, I get the "2100: Detection Error on HDD0 (Main HDD)" error.Aside from trying to restore using Lenovo CD (shipped to me, will be here in a couple of days), what else cn be done and what caused this ordeal? I don't mind about the data on the SSD, I just really need my laptop functioning ASAP. Thanks for any advise you may have!
I have an issue with a Lenovo X1 Carbon Touch Windows 8. It has a 512GB SSD. (Believe its Samsung) Earlier today the computer frooze while saying plug in your charger, so I had to hold down the power button to do a forced shutdown. Upon turning it back on I got this error after hanging on the Lenovo logo for a good five minutes. Error: 2100: Detection error on SSD0 (M.2) The SSD is not visible anywhere not in BIOS or anywhere else. I've tried reseating it however it doesn't help. The BIOS is upto date, any I'm unable to update the SSD Firmware as I cannot get onto Windows as per the instrutions here - http://support.lenovo.com/us/en/documents/ht082504 1. I cant update firmware for the SSD as I cant get onto Windows2. The BIOS firmware is the latest 3. I've taken the SSD out and put it back in4. Reset BIOS settings5. Disconnected Battery and left it for an hour I'm panicing as all my data is on there, I assumed it was safe as it's SSD. Please can anyone assist?
I'd lost my power cord and haven't been using my E220s for few weeks.When I finally bought a power cord, the screen only shows:Thermal sensing error.2103: detection error on HDD2 (mini sata).And it turns on.How do i fix it?
I have an emachines e520 laptop and am trying to go from Ubuntu to XP, however every time i try doing the install, it blue screens and gives me the "STOP: 0x0000007B (0xF7AF4524,0xC0000034,0x00000000,0x00000000)" error.
I have downloaded the drivers and included them into the XP install disk. i made an iso file from the boot disk and then added the drivers to the ISO and then burned it back to a disk. And still no luck. I do press F6 but it still goes to expect it from a floppy drive, which the laptop does not have.
the HDD in the system is a sata drive and Sata mode is set to AHCI in the setup utility of the comptuer.
Try setting the mode from AHCI to IDE in the BIOS, then boot from the Windows CD.
I need to be able to write a code in java that can detect errors in a bit string of any length. I think a good place to start would be learning exactly what and how hamming's error detection code works. anybody got enough time on their hands to help?
Does anybody have a clue as to why I would have this SSD detection error issue on two laptops in a row? The new laptop continues to bluescreen with a "Critical_Process_Died" message once or twice each day, seemingly at random. It sometimes refuses to boot with the "Detection Error on SSD (M.2)" message. I'm getting ready to send this second X1 Yoga back to Lenovo in the next few days if I can't find any explanation for this. Any advice from Lenovo?
I did some quick research to see how others have gone about fixing this error. I found this thread here from a Lenovo employee on the same issue. According to the employee, someotherguy, the issue is indicative of a hardware fault. Due to this, I would recommend giving Lenovo Support a call at your earliest convenience.
Hi there,I bought a x1 carbon 3rd gen and it has been working with no issues until today. I bought the 512gb ssd option. Suddenly, I am getting the mentioned error, 2103 detection error on ssd0 (m.2), each time I power on the laptop, with no possibility of booting into windows, etc.... Is this a failure in the ssd? Any suggestions?Any help would be really appreciated.Thanks.
Hey! I have a Lenovo Thinpad R61i laptop and when I turn it on I receive 2100: Detection error on HDD0 (03). I reseted the BIOS and I've extracted the HDD and tossed it again. No solution! I need to power off it 2 times before it enter the Windows. Please help me!
Hi NRCS,Warm Greetings & welcome to Lenovo Community, happy to have you here.As I understand that you are facing issue HDD 2100: Detection error on HDD0 (03) in your ThinkPad R61i.
As you have said system is booting in Windows at that time you can try to run Lenovo Diagnostics for complete checkup of your hardware components & update us how it goes.
"EI90x: Could Not Find Adapter"
I want to know what are the issues that prevent a Network card from being detected. This happens even if use another Network card.
I need help real BAD.
I have a X1C 3rd (2015) .it runs a win10 and works well,several days ago the OS auto update for something what I really don't notice the detail,and the laptop cannot boot the OSanymore.when it starts ,it'll show 2103 detection error on ssd0 (m.2) on the lcdI run the diagnostic,all the test can pass.But I still can't find the ssd even in a PE recover modewhat can I do ,any can show some help pls. PS.the SSD is PM851 256GB Samsung?
I have Lenovo laptop which getting 2100:Detection error on HDD0. What does it means? I couldn't get into windows.
Hello all. I've got a user who's T430s just goes to the ThinkPad logo and then after several seconds moves on but never gets to loading Windows. We just get 2100: Detection Error on HHDO. I had another T430s so I swapped drives. Now the T430s that wasn't booting boots fine. So I assumed the hard drive was going but the odd thing is that the 2nd T430s which now has the "problem drive" in it doesn't give me the 2100 error. The catch is the drive is encrypted with BitLocker and no combo of passwords or finger swipes will let us proceed. So my dilemna is I can't tell if this drive is bad because I can't see it. I ran Lenovo Bootable Diagnostics and they said they couldn't scan because it was encrypted. I put the drive in an external dock and connected it to a Windows 10 system and the drive doesn't show up under the Bitlocker to Go section. Is there any way to tell if this drive is completely done? It would be great to get data off of it but I can't seem to find a way. Everything I find seems to require a drive letter and this drive has none. Even booted into a live Ubuntu with the drive in the laptop and it wouldn't see it. Thanks all.
A lot of people have had this issue with perfectly good drives, and some have said they resolved it by going into setup, and then saving settings upon exit. Others have said that by pressing F12, entering the boot menu and selecting the HD will let it boot as well. Another said that by changing from SATA to Compatibility in the BIOS, restarting and then setting SATA back to AHCI will force a reset of the drive so it will boot too. Not sure if any will work for you, but you might put the drive back in the original system and give it a try (if you have not already anyway). I did see also where Amy_Lenovo posted in the same thread that a fix was found for the X250 ThinkPads, but that it required the system be sent into Lenovo.
I had this with a Crucial M5M mSATA SSD, and the solution was to turn the machine off for 20 minutes with no battery and and no power connected, then try again. The drive failed totally about 2 weeks later though.
I've been testing AVAST 4.2 fairly rigorously on both VISTA X-64 and W7 7100 X-64.
AVAST reports that the .VHD file contains a "COMPRESSION BOMB". Now this doesn't actually tell me what this is -- but the fact that it reports something with the word BOMB in it means it can't be good.
Now as this VHD file was downloaded from the official Microsoft site I assume it HAS to be OK (or does it - I would imagine MS regularly checks its own websites - there's plenty of people out there who'd jump at a chance of attacking a MS site if they could).
I'm going to download the XP compatability mode again and have another scan.
VISTA again reports the file as CLEAN) so I think there still might be a couple of things AVAST need to fix in W7 when reading compressed or "archive" type files.
I can't post the screenshot -- once I see something with the word "BOMB" in it I immediately WIPE the entire machine. Schnell Fast, Pronto.
The Avast forum reports this: A decompression bomb is a file that unpacks to an enormous amount of data - thus "flooding" the unpacking engine. It's quite hard to detect such files reliably, so it's possible that it gives some false alarms ocassionally.
I got a new T440s with a standard disk hard drive. My coworker gave me a Crucial SSD 512GB drive to swap in its place. I imaged the current drive on to the SSD and inserted it. Upon boot, before the boot sequence I receive the 2102 error. There is nothing in the SSD2 slot, as we didn't buy this option. The theory in my workplace (tech firm) is that I may have accidentally turned power on while swapping the drive while no drive was in the primary slot. How/where in the bios do I keep the machine from looking into this slot to boot? Currently what happens is the error is thrown and I have to hit escape to boot windows. This is a minor inconvenience, there is no loss of functionality, but when powering up on a dock or rebooting, it requires user presence. Thanks for your help.
t440s might have three slots for drives - one sata III 2,5" and two m.2 slots. Usually new laptops with HDD are shipping with cache m.2 SSD which is placed in the 3rd slot. Since error 2102 is msata drive detection related I'd suggest to check out your laptop configuration and remove small SSD since you have primary SSD drive. But at first check out the function of small SSD drive - cache only or/and hibernation partition storage. And disable appropriate features for that drive.
I am trying to run an online virus scan from symantec at http://security.symantec.com. I click the virus detection button and the scanning screen opens. The scan does not start. I receive an error message "unable to run virus detection"-In order to run Virus Detection you must be using Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.0 or higher with ActiveX and Scripting enabled.
I have an antivirus program and I am not at risk. How can I fix this problem? thanks.
Okay i have turned my pc on after not having it on in 3 months (due to having to buy a new graphics card) anyway everything was running smooth untill i heard a few beeps only to see that avira has detected few viruses i had a choice to either remove or ignore so i pushed remove 10 minutes later avira is detecting the virus again so i click remove and then do a quick scan with Malwarebytes and it did not detect anything so i did a full scan with my Avira Anti Virus and it found 1 warning 13 hidden files and 30 detections now i would like to know what to do from here to completely get rid of the 30 detections that it has found the two that it has detected look like this: TR/BHO.ZWANGI.Trojan TR/GerVar.EJ Trojan there are 30 of them in my Avira quarantine so what i would like to know is where to go from here thank you.
My son is running a PC with XP pro. I ran AVG antivirus and it has detected 3 viruses in a zip file (count.jar-43c66fb6-14c3949a.zip) called BlackBox.class, Verifier.class, and Beyond.class. I tried to follow through on the AVG suggested removal which says if you haven't got Java plug-ins installed you can delete the appropriate file. When I do this it appears to prevent access to the internet. Any advice much appreciated.A bit of further info, on boot up it keeps generating a message that New hardware relating to an Ipod has been found, even though no such item (we don't have one) or infact anything is plugged into any of the ports.I am not sure if the Online gaming that appears to have installed itself in favourites(and cannot be deleted is any connection, it also appears to have installed a browser bar at the bottom of the screen which also I don't appear to be able to remove.
I have a Lenovo E550 with a HDD and i5 processor. It was bought about two years ago and it works fine until today. I found that the computer cannot start normally and "2100: Detection error on HDD0 (Main HDD)" just showed up after a few seconds. I did the lenovo diagnostic test but all test passed. I cannot find any solution of this problem online. please help.
It usually means the HDD is dying. Do you have a backup?
Whenever I try to restart my ThinkPad T440s, it takes a very long time to get past the "ThinkPad" screen. If I hard reboot it while it's stuck here (press and hold the power key, then turn it back on), it loads just fine. However, if I let it keep going it beeps loudly and angrily and gives me the 2100: Detection error on HDDO (Main HDD) on a black screen with only "Press Esc to continue". When I press Esc it loads the boot screen, but without access to my hard drive. If I hard reboot it again, it starts just fine. Any ideas on why it would be doing this, or what I could do to fix it? It looks like it was a common problem a few years ago, but this is new to me and it doesn't really look like there was a fix back then. Hoping there's better news now? Any help is appreciated!
I had the same problem on a S230U Lenovo Twist. I replaced the MB and the HDD and the HD connector/controller and had the same problem. By accident, as a result of testing I installed the HD without the bracket that holds it in place. Voila it has not failed once since then. It has been running flawlessly for 2 months or more now. I havent bothered to reinstall the bracket since it is running great. There is almost no extra room in the HD compartment so I am not worried about it flopping around. Only thing I can figure is there is some kind of static buildup with the bracket installed. I tried bending the bracket to see if I could make it contact the MB to discarge static if that was the case. No good. Removed the bracket, and it worked immediately. I don't know if that will work for you but it worked for me.
hello. I have a E540 laptop with a ssd. Recently I have gotten this error when starting up my computer : 2100 detection error on hdd0. To get past it I have turn off and on the laptop multiple times. Does anyone have a fix?
I have a Lenovo ThinkPad Yoga, with a 256GB SSD and an i5 processor. I received it on April 29. After two weeks of normal use, it crashed and gave this error:?2100: Detection error on HDD0 (Main HDD)?I could not get it to boot. I took it to a computer repair shop and they (Lenovo warrantee) replaced the SSD. It worked for about a week, then crashed again, same error. My tech guy said that it might be a bad board, frying hard drives; but Lenovo insisted on replacing the hard drive again. Ten days later, same crash. I unplugged it and put it on a shelf for the weekend, intending to take it back to the shop. Monday morning I plugged it in and it started up normally. It has been working normally for three days, but I am worried about getting the same error and crash. Can you tell me what might be happening, and if there is anything I can do to prevent a recurrence? This seems to be a common problem across many machine models, but I haven't found any solutions to it.
The connector or the data controller board could be shortcurcuiting the ssd.
Hi, I bought Thinkpad Yoga last year. The Yoga originally came with 512 GB HDD plus 16GB SanDisk SSD. A couple of days ago, I replaced the original HDD with Crucial BX100 SSD (500GB). Since then, I have the 2100 error. It goes like this. When I boot the computer by pressing the power button on the side of the computer, it boots well. About 30 minues later, the computer suddenly loses connection with the newly installed SSD, and shows 2100 error message on black screen. When I press any key (as instructed on the screen), the computer shows Boot Menu. But the Boot Menu lists only ATA HDD1: SANDisk SSD U110 16GB. When I reinstalled the original HDD, 2100 error didn't happen. But I don't want to use HDD anymore for speed issue. If anyone solved a similar problem, please help me. Thanks in advance.- H_Kim.
This is not just that one particular comptuer type or HDD type. I have two different Edge Series comptuers with standard HDD that are consistantly getting the 2100 Connection Error and Missing Operating System errors at bootup. Have to boot a couple of times to get the OS to load properly.
Hi and welcome, X1CarbYuu've linked the proper page regarding issue.Another ones, with details (note, fw package has different file name, I can't confirm whether its content differs from the page in your post):http://support.lenovo.com/us/en/products/laptops-and-netbooks/thinkpad-x-series-laptops/thinkpad-x1-...There is readme file.I searched on the Samsung support site information about the recent fw available, but faced a bit difficulties.Regarding the fw update on the system w/o Windows installed I have the only suggestion to use bootable media like LiveUSB, Windows To Go, WinPE 5.0. Probably fw update tool will work.I'm worry you weren't able to connect SSD to the external laptop. I hope you didn't perform to boot that laptop from current Samsung SSD. Perhaps there was some incompatibility between BIOS, adapter, SSD fw, drivers.
Question: Solved: How do I get around chassis intrusion detection error?
"The system intruded, chassis opened, or tempered before. Please check the system."
I looked up the issue and did a series of things to mend it.
Checked the manual. According to it, there is no switch in the BIOS itself, only a physical set of pins which by default have a jumper cap over them to short the detector. Upon checking my MB, I found this jumper cap was missing, so I ordered a batch and replaced it. Problem continued.
Reset CMOS. I turned the PC off, removed the battery, then moved the jumper cap to clear CMOS according to the manual. Waited about a minute to be safe before returning the cap to its original position and putting the battery back in. Problem persists.
Updated BIOS again. I'd previously had issues updating the BIOS only to learn the file was not being detected was all. Once that was settled, it was updated and this new issue appeared. After calling ASUS, the rep suggested the first two options I mentioned as well as checking for an even more recent update to the BIOS. I had the most recent one, but I re-updated it anyway. Problem persists.
Answer:Solved: How do I get around chassis intrusion detection error?
could you maybe post which Lenovo notebook you have as this will help members to assist you best. Quite often this error wil indicate that a hard drive has failed but can also mean that it has jogged loose and just needs removing and replacing.
Good day dear forum members! My brand new X1 Carbon arrived fully loaded......with errors. Right out of the box it hit me with a BSOD (CRITICAL_PROCESS_DIED). The system boots from the second attempt, but BSOD pops up every 5-10min. All drivers/BIOS updated. 1TB Samsung nvme ssd (PM961 f/w3L0QCXY7) seems to be using a driver dated 6/21/2006 and so does its "Standard NVM Express Controller". Samsung nvme driver cannot be installed because it claims there's no suitable ssd, Samsung magician doesn't recognize the drive either, however, it is properly identified in the device manager. Any suggestions before I ship this back..? Any help appreciated.
I just bought a W550s, and have just installed all the current windows updates, added my antivirus, office suite, adobe suite, winrar. That's pretty much everything I've done to it so far. Just booted it up after installing most recent windows update. Came up on the black screen "2102 detection error for SSD2" Press ESC to proceed I've had lenovos (Thinkcentres, thinkpads), but never really had these kind of issues. What is the best process to get a hold of support? Nothing wrong with phone support, but I've found myself clicking through the suitable options and being on the phone with a software company that has no real relation to Lenovo, so I'd prefer to at least start a ticket/investigation by email/online.
As per my knowledge the issue is indicating to mSATA drive which will serve as SSD2 and it is giving error. I?d suggest you to look at your laptop configuration and remove small SSD since you have primary SSD drive. But at first check out the function of small SSD drive - cache only or/and hibernation partition storage. And disable appropriate features for that drive.
Just wondering if this is SSD related or Motherboard related?....should I just get another SSD or stay away from SSD and go back to a regular drive?
Hello,I have SSD installed into mSATA slot and 9mm HDD installed into ultrabay slot with HDD adapter. But I REMOVED the original 7mm HDD and now there is nothing in regular hard drive slot. After restart, there is a couple of beeps and error message " 2100: Detection error on HDD0 (Main HDD) press ESC to continue", and booting proceeds only after I press ESC. Before that there was no such error. Laptop still boots well from SSD and HDD in ultrabay works well, but this error during startup is annoying at least.Laptop Thinkpad T430s. Is there any way to disable SATA port that corresponds to HDD0 (may be in BIOS?) or any other way to get rid of the error?The HDD in Ultrabay slot is 9mm, so I think there is no way to fit it into main HDD slot.Thanks!
Question: 2100: Detection error on HDD0 (Main HDD) Can't get anywhere - HDD or System?
Ok, so my wife shot herself in the foot and dropped, then fell on her W520. Now, it tries to come up butget's the 2100 message. I can get to the "boot menu" with the following two options:ATAPI CD0: HL-DT-STDVDRAM GT33NPCI LAN: IBA GE Slot 00C8 v1366Hitting enter with the ATAPC line highlighted = no actionHitting enter with the PCI LAN line highlighted =Initializing INTEL boot agent GE 1.3.66 then:PXE-E61 Media test failure - check cablePXE-M0F Exitting Intel Boot Manager The DIAGNOSTICS Splash Screen shows this: Phoenix SecureCore Tiano(TM) for ThinkPadBuild Time: 07/26/2013CPU = Intel(r) Core(TM) i7-2720QM CPU @ 2.2GHz8192 MB System RAM Passed256 KB L2 CacheSystem BIOS shadowedVideo BIOS shadowedBIOS Version: 8BET62WW I've unplugged the power and pulled the battery. Re-seated both the RAM and Harddrive. No affect. Hitting F1, F8 and F12 and thinkvantage buttons do nothing on rebooting. Opinions on if it's worth fixing?
Answer:2100: Detection error on HDD0 (Main HDD) Can't get anywhere - HDD or System?
I've unplugged the power and pulled the battery. Re-seated both the RAM and Harddrive. No affect.
Hitting F1, F8 and F12 and thinkvantage buttons do nothing on rebooting.
Opinions on if it's worth fixing?
I do hope she feels better.
Hi all,I replaced original HDD on SSD 250 GB and formatted built-in Toshiba SSD-disk 20 GB . On 250 GB SSD installed Windows 8. And after turn on notebook I get "2100: Detection error on HDD0 (Main HDD). Press Esc to continue". If press "Esc" then there is boot menu, contain 2 point: ATA HDD2 Toshiba and PCI LAN. But after ALT+CTRL+DEL begins normal loading Windows 8.Any ideas why?
Hi - I've seen this so many times I lost track. I have about 100 X240 with the Samsung 256GB SSD and 100 T440 with the same drives. Periodically they crash and boot to the same error: 2100: Detection error on HDD0. If you reboot a few times it will come back. I suggest dowloading the SSD firwmare: http://support.lenovo.com/en_US/downloads/detail.page?DocID=DS034646 If that doesn't work, call it to Lenovo and have them send you a warranty replacement.
Question: 2012: Detection error on SSD2 (M.2). Press ESC to continue.


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Any time of the year, although between early spring and the end of autumn you have the chance of more settled weather and better walking conditions.
Low level walking to suit most ages and abilities; no difficulties apart from some short steep uphill and downhill sections; can be muddy in winter; some road crossings (which can be busy) and sections along roads.
Great views including: the Vale of Pewsey and Salisbury Plain; the tranquil River Avon; picturesque villages; prehistoric sites including Avebury and Stonehenge; Salisbury cathedral.
A guidebook to the Great Stones Way, a 36-mile walk through the Wiltshire Downs from Barbury Castle south of Swindon to Old Sarum north of Salisbury. The walk is divided into 6 stages with each stage ranging from 4 to 11 miles. The walk passes through countryside adorned with significant historical sites and relics from ages past, such as the world-famous Stonehenge and equally enchanting Avebury henge.
Step-by-step route descriptions are accompanied by 1:50,000 OS mapping. Also included is a route summary table, information about facilities en route, plus maps for Avebury henge and Stonehenge.
Rich with history and showcasing picturesque landscapes, this is a walk that can be savoured over the course of a week or enjoyed as an energetic weekend adventure. Good transport links are available at each end.
Accommodation: The Old Post Office B&B at Haxton is closed and no longer offers B&B.
Ignore the start of the Stonehenge Loop text and continue to follow the main Great Stones Way route south to reach the A3028 in Bulford. Here, turn right crossing the River Avon and follow the road (pavement) uphill through Durrington for 1.5km. Cross over the A3028 just before the roundabout and proceed to turn left (south) along the A345 (pavement) for 200m. With care, turn right across road (A345) and follow the surfaced path opposite (Durrington Walls are now over on the right) to join a minor road at bend.
Turn right (west) for 100m and just after the gate on the left that gives access to Woodhenge, turn left through a gate and follow the path diagonally south-west across the field (now rejoining the Stonehenge Loop route in the guidebook) and leave through a gate in corner. Turn right along the track-bed of the former Amesbury to Larkhill military railway. After 150m fork slightly left to follow an enclosed path in the same direction, soon with houses on the right, to a cross-track junction at King Barrow Ridge. Straight on is a view of The Cursus.
In 36 miles the Great Stones Way runs through the Wiltshire Downs from Barbury Castle near Swindon to Old Sarum on the outskirts of Salisbury. It's perfect for a long weekend or a leisurely week, with good transport links at each end. Broken down into 6 sections there are also some additional loops that would take you via some special interest places such as the Alton Barnes White Horse and prehistoric sites including Avebury and Stonehenge. The Great Stones Way has been developed by the Friends of the Ridgeway using existing rights of way.
The Great Stones Way (GSW) was not conceived as an all-the-year-round alternative to the Sarsen Trail, but as an ambitious project by the Friends of the Ridgeway (FoR) to resurrect the whole of the ancient coast-to coast Ridgeway, initially by extending it southwards from the end of the present Ridgeway National Trail (RNT) at Overton Hill on the A4. This route is indeed shown as the Ridgeway on Ordnance Survey maps going up to the Wansdyke, then down to the village of Alton Priors, and the FoR theorised that it pointed straight at Stonehenge.
The attempt to revive the entire route proved to be well beyond the means of the FoR, but they persevered with the concept, settling on the GSW as being the first stage. The GSW officially starts at Barbury Castle on the RNT, but this guide actually starts at Coate Water in Swindon, much easier to get to by public transport. It ends at the Iron Age hill fort of Old Sarum, with an optional continuation to Salisbury cathedral. The route makes much use of three existing long distance paths, namely the RNT, the White Horse Trail and the Pewsey Avon Trail.
Optional side trips (or loops) can be taken along the way, to Avebury and the Alton Barnes White Horse, and you have to choose which route you would like to take on several occasions, including a key decision in stage 5: to visit Stonehenge or avoid it (the official route avoids it). The walk is some 53 miles long if all the loops and longer alternative routes are chosen. It has been split into six sections, varying in length from 5.25 miles (stage 4) to 13.25 (stage 3 if taking the White Horse Trail or MardenHenge routes).
The introduction describes the history of the GSW and the archaeological treasure trove it passes through, gives pointers on the geology and flora and fauna along the way, and has paragraphs on planning the walk, getting to and from the GSW, where to stay, and food and drink. Appendices contain a route summary table, useful contact information, an itinerary planner, and a list of accommodation near the route. At the beginning of each section are facts and figures on distance, ascent, time and maps needed, refreshments, public transport and nearby towns and villages where accommodation can be found.
Places of interest are dealt with in considerable detail. As well as background details of the towns and villages, and their churches, encountered along the route, these include the Iron Age hill fort of Barbury Castle, Avebury henge and associated sites, the Kennet and Avon Canal, Salisbury Plain, Durrington Walls, Woodhenge, Stonehenge and Old Sarum. Photos of all these places, and more besides, are scattered throughout the guide.
The FoR had wanted the Ridgeway extension to be developed to National Trail standards and commissioned a professional feasibility study to raise funds for this purpose. Unfortunately the very high visitor estimates for the route made in this study gave rise to considerable opposition to it from the residents of (in particular) the Pewsey Vale. Various attempts to appease said residents have not been successful, with the result that not one GSW waymark is to be seen on stage 3, and waymarking is less than comprehensive on the other stages too. As a result, use of the guide is essential for anyone who wants to do the GSW. Steve Davison candidly admits that' .... at the time of publication the route has not been officially accepted and is not signed using the Great Stones Way logo'. In fact there are a few waymarks along the way, but many more are needed.
The version of the guide reviewed here is the second edition and Steve Davison has taken the opportunity to update and amplify both some of the directions and the background information, such as accommodation and watering holes. Unfortunately this has resulted in a couple of typos! Further, exactly the same map appears on two separate pages (49 and 55), which seems unnecessary. However these are very minor quibbles, and certainly do not prevent me from recommending this guide to all walkers, whether long distance or purely recreational.
"The best guide to the Great Stones Way"
"Packed with colour photographs, easy-to-follow maps and clear, useful information this small, slim volume is easy to consult and light to carry. Steve Davison has added appendices that include a route summary table, an itinerary planner, relevant contact information and details of accommodation near the route. So, instead of watching Tony Robinson walking through history in his BBC television series, why not put on your boots and do it yourself? Maybe I will see you along the Way."


This weekend a big group of illustrators and writers got together in Winchester to celebrate the launch of a whole bunch of our books and toast the tenth anniversary of the British branch of the Society of Children's Book Writers & Illustrators. Vern and Lettuce were lucky enough to be on the cake, wahey!
One of the highlights of the conference was getting to see Oxford-based writer and illustrator Mini Grey bring in a huge stack of original book artwork, dummy books, sketchbooks and tiny handmade books. I've been a fan of Mini's work for a long time; I love her textures, wonky perspectives, rough outlines and the clever way she manages to slip all sorts of comic-book design elements into picture books.
It was fabulous seeing the artwork all spread out, uncovered, so that we could examine in detail how she works. Illustrator Lynn Chapman and I were aghast at how much preparation time Mini must into her books, with multiple dummy books, full-colour detailed sketchbooks and more. She must create the book almost in full at least four times before the final version. Here's one of the dummy books for the cautionary tale Jim ('Cautionary tales are just a good excuse for a bloodbath', says Mini) and a book from Gulliver's Travels that she made as an art student.
Another excellent part of the weekend was going to a seminar with writer and illustrator Tim Hopgood. Tim started his career in magazines, first at i-D fashion magazine, then at Vogue (during the time Anna Wintour was over in Britain sorting it out). I'd admired some of his work before, but it was only when I saw it all together that I was really blown away by his terrific sense of design, typography and, well, just that we really like a lot of the same kinds of things. I got a real buzz from watching what he put on screen, then later when he brought out a bunch of books by other people from his collection and explained what he liked about them.
Writer and illustrator Lynn Chapman gave a great talk about her work and the nuts and bolts of working in the picture book business. I loved these endpapers for her book with Jamie Rix, Giddy Goat, about a mountain goat. That made me remember how, possibly ten years ago, I wrote a book (never published) about urban mountain goats who live in Seattle, and recalled how much fun they were to draw.
Lynn was great fun, very energetic, with this spiky hair that I think makes her look so much like the actress Zoe Wanamaker playing Madame Hooch, the Quidditch coach in the Harry Potter films. Go have a look at some of the sketchbook drawings she's posted on her website, good stuff. Lynn's also part of the Urban Sketchers online group, well worth joining if you like to sketch while you're out and about in town. Lynn's taken part in Sheffield Sketch Crawls; SCBWI coordinator John Shelley also plugged a London Sketch Crawl event on Friday the 26th, meeting at 10am at the Natural History Museum. Basically, for a Sketch Crawl, lots of people with sketchbooks meet up in one place, draw for an hour or so, move on a bit, draw for another hour, and carry on like this all day until finishing at the pub.
My publisher David Fickling had all 17 of us who had just launched books line up while he enthused dramatically, in his fab David Fickling way. Congratulations, all of us!
The last time I met writer Graham Marks was in Birmingham at that Librarian Speed Dating thing (blogged half-way down here), so it was nice to meet him in a slightly less bizarre context. He's interviewing me in January for Write Away, which is a rather far-in-advance lunch date, but I'll look forward to it.
Here's lovely writer Lucy Coats. We spoke together on a panel, How to Sell Your Book, along with writer Jon Mayhew and Orion publicist Nina Douglas. Perhaps I was trying to follow Marcus's advice of 'don't be boring', but I think perhaps I slipped a bit too far into the controversial, and got quite a bit of feedback afterward. I think I was slightly weirded out, pretending to be this expert in selling books among all these writing veterans.
The other panel I shared with writers Candy Gourlay and Keren David, Social Networking: a blessing or a curse?. Candy and Keren talked much more about the marketing power of Facebook and Twitter, whereas I focused more on fun projects I'd been able to participate in via social networking sites, such as my Airship comics jam with David O'Connell, the SCBWI 2007 Lunch with Hubert comics jam (which inspired some of the characters in Vern and Lettuce) and LiveJournal's amazing Draw Yourself as a Teenager meme.
At the party I got to meet lovely illustrator Jess Mikhail, who recently signed on with the same agency and who is also illustrating a book for the writer of Morris the Mankiest Monster, Giles Andreae. It was funny comparing our strikingly similar career paths.
Here's David Fickling on a panel, just about to go volcanic, next to Carousel magazine reviewer David Blanch.
Candy Gourlay (author of amazing novel Tall Story... go read it now!) and I volunteered to room together, something which has happened several times since a very fun trip to the Bologna Book Fair a few years ago. Candy's one of my favourite people and we are both blogging geeks. Here's us attempting to blog in bed, except we couldn't because some rascal next door named Marcus was hogging all the hotel's bandwidth.
Thanks so much to the amazing team of people who made this conference so wonderful! And special thanks to writer Margaret Carey, who won this year's Outstanding Contribution Award for all the organisational work she's put in over the years. Great job, everyone!
ah! that pic of us blogging in bed is hilarious!we never did get online, did we? great conference, lovely company!
You certainly weren't controversial OR boring on our panel. I absolutely loved your bit. As for me, I was only PRETENDING to know what I was talking about! :-) It was fab to see you again. Loved the whole thing.
Thanks, Lucy! It was great to see you, and very glad to be on the same panel. I have a lot to learn from you! Yes, great conference, really enjoyed it.
But there do seem to be more hours in your day than mine, so I shall be exploring the house to see if I've left any behind the sofa.
Ha ha, yeah, that one did get a few people's hackles up. I only meant it really for people who are still considering it, to have a hard think. Or even more relevant, for women who feel it's just the 'done thing', and that they're a bit strange if they don't have kids. And I know several people who have bought run-down houses to fix up and are then chagrined to realise it leaves them little time for anything else. Or even telly, people who watch all the shows and then wonder why their freelance career's going nowhere.
You're very right - life is about choices. And also about knowing when you've made the wrong ones! For me, my major time irritation isn't family or telly but my day job. Unfortunately, I guess I didn't know twenty years ago that what I really wanted to do was be a writer. But then again, I see that happening to a lot of other people as they creep towards forty! Midlife crisis or midlife awakening?
Your notes are just great!
Thanks, Bridget! Very sorry you had to miss them, but I hope your workshops went well. Tim Hopgood was completely new to me; I'd seen a couple of his books before, but I was able to appreciate his work much better when I saw everything all together and got to understand more about where he's coming from. And he'd come all the way down from North Yorkshire, so I'm guessing events down south might be fairly rare.
Sarah, I have three children and would love more. Always wanted to be at home with them and love it love it love it. BUT I thought your comment was absolutely hilarious!
Sometimes it's worth saying something quite shocking to make people think.
That session on marketing your book was the most useful session of the conference to me, and that's saying something as it was an amazing conference.


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Xiaomi Mi CC9 Pro Comes With 108MP Camera and Powerful Snapdragon 730G SoC
Xiaomi Mi CC9 Pro makes it way to China with Snapdragon 730G processor, five camera sensors and more exciting features
By Arpit Sharma November 5th, 2019 AT 2:12 PM
The Xiaomi Mi CC9 Pro features a curved display
The device also comes with a 108MP camera
The phone also supports 30W fast charging
Xiaomi is one smartphone company in the Indian and global market which is slowly growing out of its cocoon of a budget smartphone market. The smartphone manufacturer, which was previously known to only offer budget and mid-range phones to the public, has now transitioned to a full palette which consists of premium smartphones as well. Now, when it comes to the premium segment of smartphones, there is obviously the Mi Mix, but then there is also the Xiaomi Mi CC9 which has seen two debuts in different variants, the standard Mi CC9 and the Mi CC9e. Recently, Xiaomi has launched the Mi CC9 Pro in China, and this device comes with massive upgrades which are making the highlights. Out of all the features, some that stand out in the case of Mi CC9 Pro include the Penta-camera setup and a 108MP sensor on the rear side. Here are all the details that you need to know about the Mi CC9 Pro.
Xiaomi Mi CC9 Pro Design and Display
Being a premium segment phone and belonging to the top shelves, the Mi CC9 Pro comes with an upgraded design and display. The popular colour variant making the rounds of the internet comes with a green hue, and on the front, the phone boasts of a waterdrop notch. When it comes to display, the Mi CC9 Pro features a 6.47-inch FHD+ OLED display which renders a resolution of 2340 x 1080 pixels. On a first look, the Mi CC9 Pro looks to be a sleek device. The phone comes with a taller form factor which is helped on the sides by the curved display.
Xiaomi Mi CC9 Pro Specifications and Performance
When it comes to performance, the Mi CC9 Pro again packs some of the best specifications available in the market right now. On the inside, the Mi CC9 Pro comes embedded with the 8nm octa-core Snapdragon 730G processor which is a gaming processor, as denoted by the suffix. The Snapdragon 730G is a processor which has not made its way to many of the smartphones out there and is reserved only for the phones which come with a penchant for gaming. Helping the SoC with the graphics is an Adreno 618GPU, paired with 6GB/8GB of RAM and 64GB/128GB/256GB of internal storage. Under the hood, the phone is driven by a 5,260mAh bulky battery which also supports 30W fast charging. As for other hardware specifications, the Mi CC9 Pro sports a fingerprint sensor which is placed under the display and it also supports NFC, Hi-res audio among other features.
Xiaomi Mi CC9 Pro Camera Specifications
Xiaomi Mi CC9 Pro's camera becomes its highlight as it is the first smartphone by the company to come with a 108MP camera and also to sport a Penta-camera setup meaning that it uses 5 sensors. The camera setup includes the 108MP primary camera which has an f/1.69 aperture and a big 1/1.33? sensor. Combined with this is a 5MP telephoto lens with 10x hybrid zoom and OIS. There is also a 12MP portrait lens, a 20MP ultra-wide-angle (117-degree) lens, and a 2MP macro lens as well which can shoot as close as 1.5cm. On the front, the phone sports a 32MP front-facing camera for selfies. Owing to the big sensor, Xiaomi claims that the Mi CC9 Pro comes with a much better night mode.
The Xiaomi Mi CC9 Pro comes in three configurations which include 6GB RAM and 128GB storage, 8GB RAM and 128GB storage, and 12GB RAM and 256GB storage. These variants retail for 2799 yuan (about Rs 28,243), 3099 yuan (Rs 31,249), and 3499 yuan ( Rs 35,313) respectively.
Trai Will Bring New MNP Rules for Subscribers After Thorough Testing, Delays Implementation
You Broadband 75 Mbps Unlimited Data Plan Comes Down to Rs 797 per Month
Reported By:Arpit SharmaReporter
Arpit spends his day closely following the telecom and tech industry. A music connoisseur and a night owl, he also takes a deep interest in the Indian technology start-up scene and spends rest of his time spilling poetry and stories on paper.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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CAMERA Letter Published in New Statesman
The following letter was published in the August 1, 2005 edition of the New Statesman. The magazine would not publish a formal correction to the factual error addressed in the letter. An editor told CAMERA that the magazine's policy is to publish letters instead of corrections to rectify errors. But according to a news database, the magazine publishes a fair number of corrections.
Palestine is Still the Issue (2003)
Written and Presented by John Pilger English 53 minutes
Australian-born, London-based journalist and filmmaker John Pilger does not pretend to deliver an objective view of his subject matter. In Pilger's world, events are seen through a lens in which America and Israel are foremost villains. And Pilger's 2002 film, "Palestine is Still the Issue," is devoted to villifying Israel as a terrorist state.


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Bottas should be 'number 2' driver now – Lauda
F1 top news
Valtteri Bottas looks set to be shuffled into de-facto 'number 2' status for the remaining eight grands prix of 2017.
Until recently, the Finn looked right in the running with championship leaders Sebastian Vettel and Lewis Hamilton, but he had a poor weekend at Spa.
Bottas, however, thinks he's still in the hunt.
"There are still eight races and a lot of points left on the table," he is quoted by Auto Motor und Sport.
"Lewis and Sebastian have had no failures yet, and I don't wish that on anybody — it's just a fact. Something can always happen.
"It's up to me. I just have to be on pole position and then beat my opponents," Botas added ahead of the Italian grand prix.
However, with Ferrari operating a fairly clear driver hierarchy – with Kimi Raikkonen obviously supporting Sebastian Vettel – it is an awkward situation for Mercedes.
When asked about the spectre of 'team orders' in relation to Hamilton's push to keep closing the 13-point gap to Vettel, Bottas said: "I don't think too much about it because I don't want it to affect me negatively.
"It is clear that from a certain point in the season the team must clearly put everything on one driver. But to me it seems a little bit early now," he insisted.
But from Mercedes' point of view, the issue of a driver hierarchy is at least ripe to be thought about.
"You can only beat an opponent like Ferrari when everything fits," boss Toto Wolff said.
"We do want to keep ourselves open for all the options as long as possible, and we also know that there is no manual for dealing with these problems.
"Ferrari has the luxury of one driver being clearly ahead of the other, so for now we will decide on a race by race basis," he added.
"Let's see after Monza," Wolff said.
"It is a circuit that is good for us, but we saw at Spa that Ferrari has made progress."
Team chairman and F1 legend Niki Lauda, however, thinks the time has now come for Hamilton to get full 'number 1' backing.
"This giving away of points must stop now," he said, clearly referring to Hungary when Hamilton pulled over for Bottas to honour a policy of driver equality.
"I was champion by half a point, so I know exactly how important every single point is when you count them in the end," the triple world champion insisted.
"I know exactly what we need to do," Lauda told RTL television. "Bottas did not have a strong weekend at Spa so it is already clear that Lewis has a better chance for the championship.
"If Lewis had not given away those three points in Budapest, he would now be only four points behind Vettel," Lauda said.
Related Topics:2017 F1 News2017 Italian GPF1 2017Latest F1 NewsMercedes F1 NewsNiki LaudaValtteri Bottas
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HomeAircraft CarriersThe story of a legendary F-14 pilot and the gun kill on an F-15 that could sell Tomcats to Japan
The story of a legendary F-14 pilot and the gun kill on an F-15 that could sell Tomcats to Japan
August 18, 2014 Dario Leone Aircraft Carriers, Military Aviation 79
Known and unknown stories of a legendary F-8 Crusader and F-14 Tomcat pilot
If you Google "F-14 gun kill" or "F-14 Hoser", you can find a 8" x 10" frame of a 16 mm gun film shot which shows an F-15 Eagle locked through an F-14 Tomcat Head Up Display, at 250 feet, with piper on the Eagle's pilot, gun selected, master arm on (beware the image below does not show the gun kill mentioned in the story….).
Even if the photo itself is already very interesting, the story behind it, is by far more fascinating. In fact, the naval aviator at the controls of the Tomcat can be considered a sort-of legend.
As explained by Alvin Townley in his book Fly Navy, most probably other pilots have scored more kills, held higher ranks or more prestigious commands, but few living aviators embody the untamed nature of aviation like the one-of-a-kind legend known to decades of F-8 Crusader and F-14 Tomcat pilots: Joe "Hoser" Satrapa.
A skilled rifleman, Joe joined the Navy with the aim to fly a jet fighter. His passion for guns guided him after the flight school graduation, in 1966, when he was called to opt for the F-4 Phantom or the F-8 Crusader. The Phantom had no guns and Satrapa thought: "No guns? What kind of aircraft is this with no guns?" and he immediately chose the "Last Of The Gunfighters" as the Crusader was dubbed by aircrews.
But the "Satrapa legend" began the day he was given the callsign "Hoser" (even if he is also known as "Da-Hose" or "D-hose"), during a mission at the gunnery range in which he was flying the tail position in a flight of four Crusaders. He cut off the preceding aircraft as they approached the target and started shooting from two thousand feet up, one and a half miles out, hosing off all his bullets in one pass.
His flight leader J.P. O' Neill told him to return to the airfield at El Centro and the same night O' Neill had the final say on the incident when he nailed Satrapa: "Lieutenant junior grade Satrapa, for hosing off all his bullets in one pass, will hence forth be known as Hoser. That' ll be five bucks."
Hoser was also widely known during the Vietnam War as a fearless F-8 pilot who regularly carried a good forty pounds of lethal ordnance, in case he was suddenly forced to eject from his aircraft and face an entire platoon of North Vietnamese Army regulars.
As explained by George Hall in his book Top Gun – The Navy' s Fighter Weapons School, Hoser's interest for guns continued when he transitioned to the F-14 Tomcat.
During the AIMVAL/ACEVAL (the Air Combat Evaluation/Air Intercept Missile Evaluation) fighter trials that put the F-14s and the F-15s against the F-5Es to test new weapons and tactics which took place from 1974 to 1978 at Nellis Air Force Base, Hoser (assigned to the VX-4 evaluators) was put in a 1 vs 1 against an F-5.
As the two combatants sat side-by-side on the Nellis runway, awaiting tower clearance for takeoff, Hoser looked over at his opponent, reached his hand up over the control panel, and mimicked the cocking of machine guns in a World War I Spad. A thumbs up came from the other cockpit, meaning that guns it would be, the proverbial knife fight in a phone booth, forget the missiles.
Both jets took off.
As soon as they reached the assigned area, the fighters set up twenty miles apart for a head-on intercept under ground control. Seven miles from the merge, with closure well over 1,000 knots, Hoser called "Fox One", a Sparrow missile away, scoring a direct hit.
As they flashed past each other, the furious F-5 driver radioed, "What the hell was that all about?" "Sorry." said Hoser, "lost my head. Let's set up again. Guns only, I promise."
Again the two fighters streaked towards the pass, again at seven miles Hoser called "Fox One." The F-5 driver was apoplectic.
Hoser was first back to the club bar, nursing an end of the day cold one as the flushed Aggressor stomped in. "Hoser, what the hell happened to credibility?" the F-5 pilot asked. Hoser replied "Credibility is DOWN, kill ratio is UP!"
This story became very popular around Topgun, alongside the lesson learned: from 1 vs 1 to forty-plane furball, expect anything. But never expect your enemy to be a sweet guy.
Still, Hoser's best experience during the AIMVAL/ACEVAL most probably came after the end of the trials. Even if Tomcat and Eagle drivers could not engage each other, Hoser and his RIO Bill "Hill Billy" Hill with Dan "Turk" Pentecost and Frank "Fearless" Schumacher onboard the second F-14, went 2 vs 2 against a couple of F-15 instructors from 415th Training Squadron (415th Flight Test Flight).
Both Eagles were gunned down and a gun camera film which showed the F-15 locked in the F-14 HUD almost caused Japan to revert its decision to buy the Eagle.
Image credit: U.S. Navy
Aggressors
F-15 Eagle
F-8 Crusader
Hoser
Nellis Air Force Base
VX-4
[Photo] Pro-Russia separatists have shot down another Ukrainian Mig-29 Fulcrum
[Video] U.S. Navy X-47B drone and F/A-18 Hornet conduct historic combined manned, unmanned carrier ops
Red Flag 15-1: Simulating Modern Warfare at Nellis Air Force Base
February 9, 2015 Todd Miller Military Aviation 4
Over the past 40 years the US Air Force-sponsored Red Flag exercise has established itself as the premier integrated air warfare exercise in the world. The first of 2015's 4 scheduled Red Flags is taking […]
[Photo] Two Lightnings fly together: F-35A and P-38 over Luke Air Force Base
March 28, 2014 Dario Leone F-35, Military Aviation 6
On Mar. 14, 2014, Luke Air Force Base hosted a ceremony for the arrival of the first F-35 (Tail Number LF 5030), the 5th generation stealth fighter that will equip the 56th Fighter Wing. "The […]
Second, Previously Unseen U.S. Navy F/A-18E In "Top Gun: Maverick" Color Scheme Spotted at NAS Oceana
May 16, 2019 Tom Demerly Military Aviation 0
Latest Aircraft Is Single Seat F/A-18E Super Hornet. Instagram user who wishes to remain anonymous managed to get a perfect photo of a second, previously unseen, single-seat U.S. Navy F/A-18E Super Hornet painted in the […]


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Smart stayer has cups in his sights : News : Goodwood Stud. Thoroughbred breeding Manawatu, New Zealand.
18 Nov 2016Zambezi Warrior's victory at today's New Plymouth twilight meeting may prove to be a springboard to feature race success.
"This was a stepping stone to his next couple of runs," said Stephen Autridge, who prepares the four-year-old with Jamie Richards.
Zambezi Warrior had been a first-up winner this preparation before he was unplaced at Ellerslie.
"He copped two or three different lots of interference so you could just forget that run," Autridge said.
Runner-up last term in the Gr.2 Championship Stakes, the son of Pentire has now won four of his 11 starts.
Zambezi Warrior was purchased out of Goodwood Stud's 2014 Premier Sale draft to Karaka for $75,000 by Te Akau principal David Ellis.
Out of the winning Zabeel mare Zambezi, he was bred by Goodwood in partnership with Fairdale Stud.


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Brotmanblog: A Family Journey
Seligman/Seligmann
Schoenthal
Brotmans
Rosenzweigs
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Hambergs
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Tag Archives: peddlers
Some Perspective on my Nusbaum and Dreyfuss Ancestors
Posted on May 4, 2015 by Amy
Right now I am pretty absorbed in following up on the Seligmann trail in Germany and the US and in preparing for my trip, both in terms of travel details and in terms of trying to find as much information as I can about the Brotmans. I've been spending time going back over the Brotmanville Brotmans, hoping to find some clues I missed before the DNA results corroborated the family story that Joseph and Moses Brotman were brothers.
But before too much time goes by, I want to reflect a bit on my Dreyfuss and Nusbaum ancestors. In many ways they typify the German Jewish immigrants who arrived in America in the 1840s and 1850s. They started as peddlers, they eventually became the owners of small dry goods stores in small towns, and for many of them, they remained dry goods or clothing merchants. Unlike my Cohen relatives, who were pawnbrokers for the most part, or my Seligman relatives, who started as merchants, but became active in politics and civic and military matters in Santa Fe and elsewhere, my Dreyfuss and Nusbaum ancestors began and stayed Pennsylvania merchants, even into the 20th century.
Harrisburg Market Square with Leo Nusbaum store
In addition, the Dreyfuss and Nusbaum families almost all stayed in Pennsylvania where they started. There were some who went to Peoria, though most returned to Pennsylvania, and a few who went to Baltimore, but overall the Dreyfuss and Nusbaum families started in small towns in Pennsylvania and in Harrisburg and eventually moved to Philadelphia. As far as I've been able to find them, many if not most of their descendants also stayed in the Philadelphia area.
But beneath what might appear to be a very consistent and predictable pattern of living was a lot of turmoil. These were families who endured terrible tragedies—many children who died young from disease or from accidents, and many children who lost a parent at a very young age. Tuberculosis ravaged the family, as did heart disease and kidney disease. One member of the family died in the Great Fire of San Francisco. There were also a tragic number of family members who took their own lives.
In addition, this was a family that went from poverty to comfort and then suffered financially when the 1870 Depression struck, causing many of the stores to close and forcing family members into bankruptcy. Yet the family in general rebounded, started over, and once again became merchants with successful businesses in most cases.
The other pattern I've noticed in the Nusbaum and Dreyfuss lines is assimilation. Although there were certainly examples of intermarriage and conversion among the Cohen and certainly the New Mexican Seligman lines, that tendency to assimilate and move away from Judaism seemed even more widespread among the Dreyfuss and Nusbaum descendants. There were fewer people buried at places like Mt Sinai in Philadelphia, fewer indications of synagogue membership or other participation in the Jewish community. Perhaps those early years in the small towns where they were likely the only Jews in town took a toll on the role that Judaism would play in their lives and their identities.
Overall, these two lines were very hard to research and write about. Not because they were hard to locate, although the Fanny Wiler mystery kept me going for quite a long time. But because there was just so much unhappiness, so much suffering. When I think back to their roots, coming from two small towns in Germany, Schopfloch and Hechingen, I wonder whether those early immigrants ever questioned their decision to leave Germany. I assume they left for economic opportunities and freedom from the discrimination they faced as Jews in Germany. Presumably they believed they had found both when they arrived and as they settled into life in Pennsylvania. And in many ways they had. They were free to worship, or not worship, as they saw fit. They were able to make a living, own property, even own businesses. They survived.
Hechingen Synagogue
http://www.alemannia-judaica.de/images/Images%2050/Hechingen%20Synagoge%20533.jpg
But all the tragedy and loss they endured had to wear on them in many ways. Many of the family lines ended without any descendants. I have had more trouble finding current descendants than I've had with the other lines I've researched. I don't have one relative with the name Nusbaum, aside from my father, whose middle name is Nusbaum. The family seems to have disappeared, blended into other names, other families, other traditions.
For that reason, as hard as it was, I am happy that I was able to document and tell their story: where it began in Germany, how it continued in Pennsylvania, and what happened between their arrival in the 1840s and in the century that followed.
Posted in Dreyfuss, Germany, Harrisburg, Hechingen, Nusbaum, Pennsylvania, Peoria, Philadelphia, Reflections, Schopfloch	| Tagged Dreyfuss, dry goods, German Jewish immigrants, merchants, Nusbaum, peddlers, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia	| 7 Replies
Caps for Sale: Peddlers and Merchants
Posted on November 20, 2014 by Amy
As I wrote in my last post, by 1852 or before, five of the eight children of Amson and Voegele Nusbaum had settled in Pennsylvania. Two of the siblings had settled in Harrisburg, one in Lewistown, one in Blythe, and one in Philadelphia. According to the 1850 census, John Nusbaum was a merchant in Harrisburg, and his brother-in-law Isaac Dinkelspiel was a peddler there, married to John's sister Mathilde. Leopold Nusbaum was a butcher in Blythe, Maxwell was a merchant in Lewistown, and Ernst was a merchant in Philadelphia.
It is not surprising to me that Ernst would have settled in Philadelphia, which, as I have written about in the context of my Cohen ancestors, had a fairly large German Jewish community by the mid 1800s. But why were John Nusbaum and Isaac Dinkelspiel and their families in Harrisburg? Even more surprising, what were Leopold and Maxwell doing in relatively small towns like Lewistown and Blythe? What would have taken these new German Jewish immigrants away from the big cities and to smaller towns and cities in Pennsylvania?
The choice of Harrisburg is not really that surprising. By the time John Nusbaum arrived in the US, perhaps as early as 1840 or even before but certainly by 1850, Harrisburg had been the Pennsylvania state capital for many years already, i.e., since 1812. It had been settled in the early 18th century and because of its location on the Susquehanna River where there was an opening between the mountains, it had developed into an important trading post for trade and expansion to the west. By the 1830s the railroad and the Pennsylvania Canal passed through Harrisburg, further increasing its economic importance for westward expansion. By 1840 the population of Harrisburg was almost six thousand people. By comparison, the population of Philadelphia in 1840 was over 93,000 people.
Capitol. (Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.), by A. G. Keet (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
Jewish immigrants began to arrive in Harrisburg in the 1840s, primarily from Germany and England. The first synagogue, Ohev Sholom, was begun in 1853, first as an Orthodox congregation, and then in 1867 it became a Reform congregation. The Jewish population, however, was not very large. There were sixteen members of the congregation in 1853, and even as late as 1900 there were only 35 members.
So how would my three-times great-grandfather John Nusbaum have ended up here? I do not know for sure, but I can speculate that like many German Jewish immigrants, he arrived in Harrisburg as a peddler and, once finding a strong and stable economic base there, eventually opened his own store. Harrisburg was obviously an important location for trade not only for its residents but also for those who stopped there as they moved westward in the United States. It was likely an ideal location for a merchant. Unlike his three-times great-granddaughter (and her immediate relatives), he must have been a very able entrepreneur.
This pathway to economic success—from peddler to merchant—was quite common among German Jewish immigrants. According to Hasia Diner in "German Jews and Peddling in America," (hereinafter "Peddling") located here:
In Nashville, 23 percent of the adult male Jews in 1860 peddled, as did 25 percent of those in Boston between 1845 and 1861. In Easton, Pennsylvania, a town which occupied the strategic meeting point of the Delaware and Lehigh Rivers, 46 percent peddled in 1840, but just five years later, the number jumped to 70 percent. By 1850 the number had dropped to 55 percent, still a significant figure for any one occupation among a relatively small number of people. Of the 125 Jewish residents in Iowa in the 1850s, 100 peddled around the state, as did two-thirds of all the Jews in Syracuse, New York in that same decade before the Civil War.
See also Rudolf Glanz, "Notes on Early Jewish Peddling in America," Jewish Social Studies ( Indiana University Press, Vol. 7, No. 2, April, 1945) located here.
In a different article, "German Immigrant Period in the United States," (hereinafter "German Immigrant") located here in the Jewish Women's Archive, Hasia Diner explained why peddling was so widespread among German Jewish immigrants.
Americans in the hinterlands had little access to finished goods of all sorts, since few retail establishments existed outside the large cities. Jewish men overwhelmingly came to these remote areas as peddlers, an occupation that required little capital for start-up and that fit the life of the single man. In the large regional cities, Jewish immigrant men would load themselves up with a pack of goods, weighing sometimes as much as one hundred pounds, and then embark on a journey by foot, or eventually, if a peddler succeeded, by horse and wagon.
In "German Immigrant," Diner opined that because many of these German Jewish immigrants came as single men, they were not tied down to families in a particular location when they first arrived and could thus take on the itinerant life of the peddler. In her "Peddling" article, Diner further explained the popularity of peddling, pointing out that many of these German Jewish men came from families in Germany where their fathers had been peddlers. That was certainly true for John Nusbaum and his brothers; their father Amson had been a peddler. This was an occupation with which they were familiar. Diner also stated that the Jewish German immigrants had networks of families and friends who could extend credit and help them get started on a peddling business.
19th century etching of a peddler by Granger found at http://fineartamerica.com/featured/1-peddler-19th-century-granger.html
In "Peddling," Diner provided this vivid description of the life of the peddler:
The peddlers operated on a weekly cycle. They left their base on Sunday or Monday, depending on how far they had to go. They would, if necessary, take the railroad or canal barges to get to their territories. They peddled all week and on Friday headed back to the town from which they had gotten their goods. Here on the Jewish Sabbath and, depending on geography, on Sundays as well, they rested, experiencing fellowship with the other immigrant Jewish peddlers who also operated out of this town. The peddlers engaged with the settled Jewish families, some of whom either operated boarding houses for peddlers or merely extended home hospitality to the men during their brief respites off the road. On the weekends the peddlers could partake of Sabbath religious services and consume some of the good food associated with Jewish holy time, food prepared in the distinctive manners of the various central European regions. Saturday night, after sundown, when the restrictions of the Sabbath lifted, the peddlers came to the shopkeepers and or other creditors to whom they owed money, paid up from the goods they had sold that week, and then filled up their bags, ready for another week on the road.
Rudolf Glanz wrote in "Notes on Early Jewish Peddling in America," Jewish Social Studies ( Indiana University Press, Vol. 7, No. 2, April, 1945) located here, that these that peddlers played a crucial role in the economic growth and population growth in the unsettled parts of the United States in the 19th century because they provided the pioneers with access to goods that they otherwise would not have had. This freed the pioneers from having to carry or manufacture these products themselves as they migrated west, thus enabling them to survive and adapt to the frontier conditions. Glanz, pp. 121-122. Diner described in "Peddling" the types of goods these peddlers generally sold:
The peddlers did not sell food or fuel. Rather they sold a jumble of goods that might be considered quasi-luxuries. In their bags they carried needles, threads, lace, ribbons, mirrors, pictures and picture frames, watches, jewelry, eye glasses, linens, bedding, and other sundry goods, sometimes called "Yankee notions." They carried some clothing and cloth, as well as patterns for women to sew their own clothes, and other items to be worn. At times they carried samples of clothes and shoes, measured their customers, and then on return visits brought the finished products with them. When the peddlers graduated from selling from packs on their backs to selling from horse and wagon, they offered more in the way of heavy items, such as stoves and sewing machines.
As Diner points out, often these peddlers were the first Jews in a particular town or village. Once a peddler had saved enough money to start a permanent store and become a merchant, they would often pick one of these towns where they had had success as peddlers, gotten to know the residents, and established a rapport and a reputation. Both Diner and Glanz discuss this evolution from peddler to merchant. According to Diner in "Peddling," most peddlers did not peddle for long periods, but were able to become storeowners, marry, and start families within a reasonably short period of time. Most became at least moderately successful, and some became the owners of some of the biggest department stores in the US, such as Gimbel's and Macy's.
My hypothesis is that John Nusbaum also started out as a peddler. He must have started from Philadelphia or perhaps New York as a single man and peddled goods through Pennsylvania until he accumulated enough capital and was able to settle in Harrisburg, a prime location for a merchant for the reasons stated above. Perhaps it was only once he had done so that he married Jeanette and started a family in the 1840s.
When his brother-in-law Isaac Dinkelspiel arrived with his wife Mathilde Nusbaum Dinkelspiel sometime later, it would have made sense for them to settle in Harrisburg. Since Isaac also started out as a peddler, as seen on the 1850 census, as a married peddler with children, it is not surprising that they would have moved to a place where Mathilde would have had family nearby while her husband Isaac was on the road. In addition, it is very likely that John was supplying Isaac with the products he was peddling. According to Diner, it was Jewish merchants who supplied the peddlers with the goods that they then carried out to the less settled regions to sell to those who lived there. Jewish peddlers needed Jewish merchants for their inventory, and Jewish merchants benefited from the increased market they could reach through the peddlers.
Maxwell, John's youngest brother, was also a merchant by 1850, but he was in Lewistown, sixty miles from Harrisburg and about 160 miles from Philadelphia. What was he doing there? Unlike Harrisburg, it was not the state capital, and unlike Philadelphia, it was not a major seaport city. But it was by 1850 itself an important trading center based on its location near the Pennsylvania Canal and the railroads. Mifflin County, where Lewistown is located, had a population of close to 15,000 people in 1850 so it was not an insignificant location. I assume that Maxwell, arriving after his brother John, had also started as a peddler, selling the wares he obtained from his brother, and traveling around the state, until he was able to save enough money and establish a store in his own territory, close enough to his brothers, but not so close as to compete for business.
Lewistown Narrows http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PRR(1893)_p092_LEWISTOWN_NARROWS.jpg
According to the JewishGen KehillaLinks page for Lewistown, Pennsylvania, found here , the Mifflin County Historical Society had no records of Jews before 1862, but obviously Maxwell was already there. In fact, there was a street named for him:
A map of Lewistown in 1870 shows that Nathan Frank had a store at Brown and Market Streets, listed in a business directory of the time as Franks — Dry Goods, Carpets, Clothing, Furnishings, Goods, Etc." Spruce Street was at that time listed as Nusbaum Street and in April, 1880 M. Nusbaum — Clothing & Gents Furnishings was advertised. By 1907 however Nusbaum & Co. was no longer listed in the directory.
The biggest mystery to me is why Leopold Nusbaum ended up in Blythe as a butcher. Blythe is sixty miles from Harrisburg and a hundred miles from Philadelphia. Like Lewistown, it was also located near railroads and the canals. I cannot find anything about its population in 1850, but even today its population is under a thousand. Schuykill County, where Blythe is located, however, had an overall population of over sixty thousand in 1850, which was a doubling of its 1840 population. Something must have been happening there, but I've not yet been able to figure out why its population exploded in that ten year period. Perhaps that explains why Leopold was living there with his wife Rosa and two young sons in 1850. But why was he a butcher? Certainly he could not have been a kosher butcher; even today the Jewish population of Blythe is 0%. At any rate, by 1860, as we will see, Leopold and his family had left Blythe and moved to Harrisburg, where Leopold also followed in his brother's footsteps and became a merchant.
Thus, the Nusbaum story is not unlike the story of many of those German Jewish immigrants who came to the US, started off as peddlers, and then became merchants, owning stores all over the United States. It must have taken a lot of hard work and a courageous spirit to move to this new country, carrying a heavy pack hundreds of miles through undeveloped territory, dealing with strangers who spoke a strange language, on your own and alone for most of the week. It must have taken much determination and persistence to do this week after week, maybe for a few years or more, until you had made enough money to find one town to settle in and establish a store. And then it must have been a hard life, living as perhaps the only Jewish family in that town far away from other family members and other Jews. In my posts to follow, I will trace the lives of my Nusbaum peddler and merchant relatives and how they progressed in America.
Posted in Harrisburg, Miscellaneous information and updates, Nusbaum, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia	| Tagged Blythe, genealogy, German Jewish immigrants, German Jews, Harrisburg, immigrants, Jewish immigrants, Jews, Lewistown, merchants, peddlers, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia	| 6 Replies
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