As per this study, the Global Solar Tracker Market was valued USD 3.74 BN (by revenue) in 2018 and is anticipated to reach USD 9.94 BN by 2025 with a CAGR of 15%.
Solar trackers are the panels or modules that are directed towards the Sun to produce electricity. The trackers track direction of the Sun to capture maximum energy. The photovoltaic system installed helps to reduce the angle of incidence that leads to increasing in the energy produced. It is used mostly for agricultural and industrial purpose.
Rising global concern regarding the depletion of fossil fuels coupled with growing demand for cleaner energy sources is driving the market growth. Technological advancement leading to the development of trackers with low maintenance cost is pushing the market growth. Ongoing research for the development of electricity from renewable sources such as wind, solar, etc. is likely to push demand for the solar tracker.
This detailed market study is centered on the data obtained from multiple sources and is analyzed using numerous tools including porter's five forces analysis, market attractiveness analysis and value chain analysis. These tools are employed to gain insights of the potential value of the market facilitating the business strategists with the latest growth opportunities. Additionally, these tools also provide a detailed analysis of each application/product segment in the global market of solar tracker.
The broad solar tracker market has been sub-grouped into product, application and technology. The report studies these subsets with respect to the geographical segmentation. The strategists can gain a detailed insight and devise appropriate strategies to target specific market. This detail will lead to a focused approach leading to identification of better opportunities.
Furthermore, the report comprises of the geographical segmentation, which mainly focuses on current and forecast demand for solar tracker in North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa. The report further focuses on demand for individual application segments in all the regions.
The report also covers detailed competitive landscape including company profiles of key players operating in the global market. The key players in the solar tracker market includes Abengoa Solar, S.A., All Earth Renewables, Inc, Array Technologies, Inc., DEGERenergie GmbH, Energia Ercam SL, First Solar, Inc., Grupo Clavijo Elt SL, Mecasolar España SL, Powerway Renewable Energy Co., Ltd., SunPower Corporation, Titan Tracker SL and Wuxi Hao Solar Technology Co. Ltd. An in-depth view of the competitive outlook includes future capacities, key mergers & acquisitions, financial overview, partnerships, collaborations, new product launches, new product developments and other developments with information in terms of H.Q.


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Scott. Fitzgerald presents the idea of The American Dream- more so The American Dream Myth- through the four main locations mentioned and described throughout 'The Great Gatsby'."The American Dream is that dream of a land where life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement." – James Truslow AdamsThis quote states that The American Dream is an ideal that humans should have equal opportunity to pursue happiness and success.In the book Fitzgerald presents the corruption of this "Dream" through the deceptive appearance of East Egg, West Egg, The Valley of Ashes and New York.
"I lived at West Egg, the—well, the less fashionable of the two, though this is a most superficial tag to express the bizarre and not a little sinister contrast between them. […] Across the courtesy bay the white palaces of fashionable East Egg glittered along the water, and the history of the summer really begins on the evening I drove over there to have dinner with the Tom Buchanans. Daisy was my second cousin once removed, and I'd known Tom in college. And just after the war I spent two days with them in Chicago." Nick compares the two eggs, stating that East egg is the more fashionable of the two, although West egg does have its riches as well. The difference between the eggs is not so hard-boiled but more status related. East Egg consists of the wealthy, of whom were born into their money and required no necessity to work hard for any of their riches. They're snobby people who care for only themselves, the population consists of superficial people who take their lifestyle as a grant."Oh, I'll stay in the east, don't you worry,' he said glancing at daisy and then back at me as if he was alert for something more. 'I'd be a god damned fool to live anywhere else."Tom Buchanan identifies how East Egg is supposedly the highest rank, it's a selected society of only those whose wealth is 'privileged'. The East Egg represents the Myth of the American Dream as the East Eggers are living a false dream. They've done nothing to earn the dream, but somehow they have landed on top, just from being born into a status. They had no participation and no fulfilment in any of the dream's philosophies therefore they haven't truely obtained the American Dream, but instead they live a false life of pretending they own it.
The Valley of Ashes represents the failure of the American Dream. The inhabitants of this small town, in between Long island and New York, have been lied to. They have worked diligently their whole lives wishing to reach what the dream promises… A land better and nicer for all those who earn it with opportunities for the achievements of individuals. Wilson the submissive car garage worker, worked his whole life in search of the promise of well deserved recompense. Instead his end is brutal, nothing that the American Dream pledged came true, only the mere opposite and his death. This lifestyle is the same for the rest of the town full of poverty. They never reached that ideal destination, they never obtained the succession of the American Dream and were forever shrouded under the cloud of ash that keeps them in the dark. Their story of hard work with no reward represents the failure of what the dream promises and the lies that they'll always chase, engaged by false hope.
New York- It's a heck of a town. New York examples a extravagant town where the American Dream flourishes in its full potential beauty… or at least that is how it appears. In reality New Yorkers believe they've reached the peak as the city materialises that of the American Dream. It is most definitely not the American Dream as when you discover Manhattan's true crude identity. The illusion that the deceptive outer appearance produces is convincing but it's not real. Myrtle believed in New York's illusion, it was where she wanted to be, her dying hope was in the assurance of the dream in New York. Those who live in New York have been fooled by the false facade that it holds, only to realise that they can't throw the illusion away, that they must become the illusion. "At the enchanted metropolitan twilight I felt a haunting loneliness sometimes, and felt it in others – poor young clerks who loitered in front of windows waiting until it was time for a solitary restaurant dinner – young clerks in the dusk, wasting the most poignant moments of night and life." Fitzgerald represents the recognition of this illusion through Nick's perspective of the city, to him he sees it for what it truly is… a lot like Gatsby's parties, but with less glamour- a lot of people and a lot of loneliness.
06.15.18The Great Gatsby – Essay: Fitzgerald critiques society through his use of language or literary devices throughout the novel.
Next Post The Great Gatsby – Essay: Fitzgerald critiques society through his use of language or literary devices throughout the novel.


In this section, a quick start guide will help you get started with Codey Rocky.
2. Press the Power button to turn on Codey.
3. Make sure Codey is selected and click Connect. From the pop-up "Connect Device" window, click Connect.
Let's start with a simple project, to make Codey play the sound of "hello" when being shaken.
1. Drag a when Codey is shaking block from the Events category to the scripts area.
2. Drag a play sound () block from the Speaker category, and add it onto the existing block.
3. Click "Upload" to upload the program to Codey.


Share the post "Review: Miley Cyrus – Younger Now"
The release of Miley Cyrus' sixth studio album Younger Now is something of a U-Turn for the artist. Since her drastic image change back in 2013, Miley's projects have been heavily reliant on her "bad girl" persona. In particular, her embrace of hip-hop culture and her numerous and often cringe-inducing drug references. However, Younger Now's pre-release singles shared none of these traits, and signalled a new focus on softer, more lyrically driven ballads. The album is something of an apology tour for the last four years of Miley's career.
This is an interesting strategy, but one that makes for an incredibly boring listen. The lack of any sort of fresh musical ideas here is almost impressive, as Miley plays it safe with a collection of breezy country-pop songs, each as bewilderingly forgettable as the last. The problem with stripping down her sound is that without all the gimmicks and distractions Miley's flaws as a songwriter become much more obvious. On tracks like the lead single 'Malibu' and the deep-feigning 'Inspired,' her lyrics are vague and lifeless. Disappointingly, everything here gives the impression of someone who is trying their hardest, but who really doesn't have anything to say.
In a nutshell: Miley's new album focuses in on her skills as a singer-songwriter; a fine idea but one that fails almost immediately due to the sheer blandness of the project.


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LIVING THE CHANGE
Her Own Terms
Third Act Creatives
WritingHome » Her Own Terms » gay rights · high school drama · homosexuality · the laramie project » Learning from Laramie, Redux
Learning from Laramie, Redux
Marsha Pincus
gay rights, high school drama, homosexuality, the laramie project
In 2003, I taught the play The Laramie Project to 2 sections of my Senior Drama Class at Masterman High School in Philadelphia. The experience proved to be quite profound and moving for the 55 students and myself. The issues that it addressed – religion, homosexuality, violence, and community as well as the type of documentary theater it represented ignited my students to think, feel, argue, empathize and ultimately change.
I wrote about this experience in an essay entitled "Learning from Laramie: Urban High School Students Read, Research and Re-enact The Laramie Project published in Going Public With Our Teaching: An Anthology of Practice.
The Tectonic Theater Project, the company founded by Moises Kauffman, created The Laramie Project from interviews of over 200 people involved in the incident and subsequent trial. From those interviews, they created the play which debuted in Denver in 2000.
Matthew Sheppard was murdered in 1998 and to commemorate his death and to reflect upon the meaning and significance of the play, the Tectonic Theater Project has developed an online community entitled Laramie Blog.
I wish I were still teaching high school so I could share this blog with my students — so they could see for themselves what happens over time to individuals and a community that were devastated by this crime and how time does and doesn't heal wounds and how people still hope for redemption.
Recently another teacher asked me if I thought that The Laramie Project was a great play and if I thought it would stand the test of time the way Shakespeare's plays had done. He wanted me to say no, of course — so he could prove his point about the lasting value of classic plays. I replied that I really didn't care whether it stood the test of time — whether it would be taught in schools for generations to come — what I did care about was the way that play helped my students empathize with people different from themselves, grapple with their values and beliefs and become more human in their interactions with one another.
A New York Time article addressing the impact of Matthew Sheppard's death and the play The Laramie Project 10 years later appears below.
Laramie Killing Given Epilogue a Decade Later
By PATRICK HEALY
LARAMIE, Wyo. — Near the end of "The Laramie Project," the widely praised and frequently staged play about how this small city grappled with the notorious murder of the gay college student Matthew Shepard, one of the characters wonders if the convictions in the killing will help Laramie heal.
"Maybe now we can go on and we can quit being stuck, you know?" says Reggie Fluty, a local policewoman. She is one of the real-life characters whose words, collected on tape, make up the actors' entire script.
Ms. Fluty was among 200 people interviewed in 1998 by the Tectonic Theater Project, a New York City company that created "The Laramie Project" shortly after Mr. Shepard was tied to a fence by two Laramie men, pistol-whipped and left to die in the frigid Wyoming night. And Ms. Fluty is among those whom the theater company is re-interviewing this week to explore whether Mr. Shepard has a legacy here on the high plains, 10 years later.
"Hurt's hurt and pain's pain, and I think people in Laramie see that now," Ms. Fluty, now retired, told Moisés Kaufman, the artistic director of Tectonic, during a conversation in her sun-splashed living room just north of town.
"Sometimes you got to just, as a community, get slugged before you wake up and grow up," she said. "I don't think we're all grown up, but I think people are trying."
For Mr. Kaufman and his colleagues, returning to Laramie, a town of 25,000 near the Colorado border, is far from a theatrical exercise. They plan to use the new interviews to write an epilogue to the play before the 10th anniversary of Mr. Shepard's death, on Oct. 12; it will be added to the published version of the script and will be included in future performances of "The Laramie Project," which has had about 2,000 productions since it opened off Broadway in 2000.
On a personal level, too, the artists arrived here with a palpable yearning to find change in Laramie, its people and its attitudes toward gay people. (The troupe allowed a reporter to sit in on the interviews.)
"We've had some degree of apprehension about coming back to Laramie," said Mr. Kaufman, who is also the author of the 1997 Off Broadway hit "Gross Indecency: The Three Trials of Oscar Wilde." "There had been such fervor about how Matthew Shepard's death would make a difference. There are hundreds of hate crimes each year, but Matthew is the one that resonated nationally. But what if nothing has really changed?"
Mr. Kaufman does not hide his feelings easily. After an interview this weekend with Laramie's mayor, Klaus Hanson, Mr. Kaufman shook with anger that Mr. Hanson was not doing anything to commemorate the anniversary. ("Now that you have touched upon it," the mayor said, "I will need to rethink it.") Mr. Kaufman's expressed dismay that there is no hate-crimes law in Wyoming, as he thinks there should be. He and others also said that some in Laramie were no longer speaking of Mr. Shepard's death as a hate crime but rather as a drug-fueled robbery gone wrong.
"A lot of people in the community went through a sense of grief, in a very poignant, heartfelt, painful way, and I think eventually the pain became so great that they don't want to think about it or hear about it," Rebecca Hilliker, a professor of theater at the University of Wyoming here, told Mr. Kaufman over the weekend. "After I got over the emotional trauma, the nightmares, I myself had to say, 'O.K., step back, think about this — what you can and can't do — and stop placing the burden of changing the state on yourself.' "
Mr. Kaufman conceded, "People get exhausted."
"You get exhausted," Ms. Hilliker nodded, sitting by windows in her home on a breathtaking open plain. "And then you can't plan anymore how to fix things."
Laramie has changed in some ways. The city council passed a bias crimes ordinance that tracks such crimes, though it does not include penalties for them. There is an AIDS Walk now. Several residents say they came out publicly as gay, in their churches or on campus, in part to honor Mr. Shepard's memory. The university hosts a four-day Shepard Symposium for Social Justice each spring, and there is talk of creating a degree minor in gay and lesbian studies.
And yet, to the bewilderment of some people here, there is no memorial to Mr. Shepard in Laramie. The log fence has been torn down where he lay dying for 18 hours on Oct. 7, 1998. There is no marker. Wild grass blows in the wind.
The Fireside bar — where Mr. Shepard was lured away by Aaron McKinney and Russell Henderson, who are serving life terms for murder — is also gone, sold and renamed years ago. Without the Fireside, there is no longer a bar in town where gays, jocks, foreign students and cowboys mix together.
"I put it up for sale two weeks later — it was a ghost town," said Matt Mickelson, the former owner of the Fireside, told Andy Paris, a member of the Tectonic company.
Mr. Mickelson, wearing a weathered white cowboy hat and a university sweater sporting a large W, said he lost almost everything because of the infamy of the Shepard murder. He ended up moving from the place he loved to look for work elsewhere.
"I got it from both sides: 'the Fireside was a gay bar,' 'the Fireside had gay slayers,' " Mr. Mickelson said over beers at a dance hall here, the Saloon. "The media gave our whole town a black eye. They gave our whole state a black eye. They gave the university a black eye. It was hate crime, hate crime, hate crime."
If Laramie has struggled with this onus, young gay men here have also reckoned with the fact that Mr. Shepard's death did not change much for them. Nor, they say, did the success of the 2005 movie "Brokeback Mountain," about two gay ranch hands in Wyoming.
"If you walk around campus holding hands with another guy, you have to know that people are going to holler and yell at you," Iain-Peter Duggan, a junior at the University of Wyoming, and who is gay, said in an interview. "You just have to be smart."
Another gay undergraduate, Christopher, who did not want his last name published because he is not out to his family or many friends and former teammates, said he was torn about the legacy of Mr. Shepard: He loves Laramie and Wyoming very much, but he also said he was "disappointed" that he cannot openly date another man here without facing hassles.
"Online chatting is a big deal for gay guys in Wyoming — that's pretty much the only place to be safe," Christopher said.
Even some of the most politically active gay people in Laramie told the Tectonic actors that, however sad they were with the pace of change, they were also philosophical about it.
After Sunday dinner at the home of Catherine Connolly, a lesbian professor at the university who is a memorable character in "The Laramie Project," she and Mr. Kaufman affectionately sparred in the kitchen about his frustration that this town had not become a place transformed.
"You know, Moisés, how much has really changed in Manhattan in the last 10 years?" Ms. Connolly said, referring to ongoing hate crimes and the lack of a gay marriage law in New York. "It's unfair to hold Laramie to a standard that you don't hold yourself to."
Mr. Kaufman answered: "Maybe that's fair. I guess what disappoints me isn't so much Laramie, it's the fact that more social progress hasn't happened everywhere."
Marsha Pincus is a post-mid life woman, riding the Age Wave and writing for her life.
Teaching Out Loud
Persephone's Return
A Good Day to Be [Re]Born
How to Love a Ghost: Making Peace with my Long Gone Father
Watching the Superbowl: Deflated Balls and Domestic Violence
Copyright 2021 Marsha Pincus | Login

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: fill the common area under both curve How I can fill the common area under both the curve?
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import scipy.special as sp

x = np.linspace(-4, 4, num=1000)
r = abs(x)

zeta = 1.0

psi_STO = (zeta**3 / np.pi)**(0.5) * np.exp(-zeta * r)
plt.figure(figsize=(4, 3))
plt.plot(x, psi_STO, color="C0")
plt.plot(x + 3, psi_STO, color="C0")
plt.show()

If I use:
plt.fill_betweenx(psi_STO, -1, 4, color="C1")

I am getting a plot as:

A: You can use fill_between. As your Xs are not aligned, you need to make a bit of calculations first to find the common range. This will depend on the number of points in the linspace. Here, I computed it manually: as the shift is of 3, there are 375 points difference (250 per unit).
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import scipy.special as sp

x = np.linspace(-4, 4, num=1000)
r = abs(x)

zeta = 1.0

psi_STO = (zeta**3 / np.pi)**(0.5) * np.exp(-zeta * r)
plt.figure(figsize=(4, 3))
plt.plot(x, psi_STO, color="C0")
plt.plot(x + 3, psi_STO, color="C0")

x_common = (x+3)[:-375]
min_common = np.min([psi_STO[:-375], psi_STO[375:]], axis=0)
plt.plot(x_common, min_common, color='r')

plt.fill_between(x_common,min_common, color="#FFB0B0")
plt.show()

output:

A: This?
dx = 3 # x shift
di = int(dx/(x[1]-x[0])) # index shift
plt.fill_between(x[di:], np.minimum(psi_STO[:-di], psi_STO[di:]))

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Early diagnosis of hearing loss critical - JAD
BY KIMBERLEY HIBBERT Observer staff reporter hibbertk@jamaicaobserver.com
THE Jamaica Association for the Deaf (JAD) says early diagnosis of hearing loss is paramount to children receiving proper therapy.
June Coward-Fearon, coordinator of JAD Hearing Services Clinic on Caledonia Lane in St Andrew, told the Jamaica Observer that diagnosis can be made in a matter of hours after a child is born.
"It is now possible to screen a baby's hearing even hours after birth through techniques which allow health care professionals to determine how well a baby hears, and these techniques are easy to administer, relatively inexpensive, accurate and cause no harm or discomfort to the infant," Coward- Fearon said.
"The earlier the hearing loss is identified the better for the child, because by the time hearing babies speak their first words, they have been listening to language for 10 to 15 months, meanwhile, children who have a hearing loss do not have the input of speech and language until the loss is diagnosed, the child fitted with hearing aids and a programme of communication therapies begin," she said.
Moreover, Coward-Fearon explained that each child needs a language, whether spoken or signed, and made an appeal for parents to utilise the services offered by the clinic if they suspect their children might be deaf or hard of hearing.
"These are gifts that we celebrate and we are here to assist. The test is affordable and if a problem is detected, we custom build the hearing aid. This is 2015 where all these challenges are met with a solution," she said.
Meanwhile, she explained that a diagnostic hearing test gives information on the amount of hearing a person has and if the problem is temporary, semi-permanent or permanent. She added that the tests are done based on a person's developmental age, and the particular section of the auditory pathway which is being looked at.
According to Fearon, the clinic also offers home visits, screenings at workplaces, schools, audiological counselling, hearing aid evaluation, hearing aid services and repairs, hearing amplification, protection and accessories, meaning hearing aids of different styles and colours.
Additionally, the organisation is looking to further implement hearing conservation programmes in workplaces, especially those that utilise loud equipment.
Noise is a problem, and excessive noise can be a permanent damage to hearing. The programme is aimed at sensitising employers about the potential dangers of such equipment and encouraging employees to wear noise-reduction ear plugs," Coward-Fearon said.
An appeal is also being made to the public to exercise better ear care.
"For young people and adults, if someone is sitting beside you and can hear what you are listening to via your earphones and participate in it, it is too loud. Have fun, but do everything with moderation," she said.
"Don't clean your ears with q-tips or anything smaller than your elbow, what you're doing is pushing through wax, foreign object or anything in the ear that can damage the ear drum."
Coward-Fearon also encouraged Jamaicans to test their hearing at most every two years and to understand that the JAD is here to take care of hearing and ear care throughout the different stages of people's lives.
"We don't want to have a community of poor people, but one of economically empowered people who are improving the quality of life. If you are deaf or hard of hearing, you are still alive," she said.
JAD will be celebrating its 77th anniversary and Deaf Awareness Week from May 4 to 10 under the theme 'Connect and Communicate'.
The last Wednesday in April will be celebrated as International Noise Awareness Day and will also be an open day for the clinic, where the public can learn more about the services they offer and utilise them.


It's official: Julien Temple will be making a film about Havana! As revealed by himself during a recent interview, the British film director will be travelling to Cuba soon to start shooting for a new film about Havana's music scene, one that will be massively inspired by The Rolling Stones' upcoming concert in the Cuban capital, expected for March 2016.
It's now the third time that British director Julien Temple finds himself in Havana. The first was five years ago and the latest was just last April. Now he's back in Cuba again but with a full agenda this time; the purpose of travel this occasion is quite different to the previous ones: he is filming a new movie about Havana!
"I've been making films about cities with a powerful musical soul. I did one about Detroit, one about London and another about Rio de Janeiro. It's about films that are not exactly about music but through which you narrate and show the soul of these cities. And Havana is one of these great music capitals; but on top of that on that has had a huge influence on the rest of the world."
The project, which will be part of BBC1's signature art show BBC Imagine, will also be starring Mick Jagger and internationally-acclaimed Cuban ballet star, Carlos Acosta, as revealed by Alan Yentob, Creative Director at BBC, to the British newspaper, The Independent.
The Rolling Stones concert taking place in Havana next March 2016 will be one of the key features of the film, which will also document different key moments in Cuba's history up until recent times and all the changes that have taken place over the last few months.
"We have started filming and this is going to be a project which will have a theatrical life (cinema release)."
"This is his last season at the Royal Opera House and he's setting up his own company. It's also his story about his life in Cuba and his family."
"Cuba is at a very interesting moment in time now. It seems the blockade is coming to its end and it's highly seductive to explore what people's visions about the future are (…) So, these are times to speak to people and see what they feel, what they think."


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The Man Who Invented Christmas Trailer
Charles Dickens might be one of the most legendary authors in history, but it wasn't always plain sailing for him. In fact, ahead of the release of his 1843 novella 'A Christmas Carol', his career was already suffering. Dan Stevens plays the author in 'The Man Who Invented Christmas'; a tale all about how he went from failing writer to a festive miracle.
It's the early 1840s and London author Charles Dickens (Dan Stevens) is suffering a bad case of writer's block. His last three books have been total flops, and the pressure to write a magical new story to grip the public has never been so high.
Before long, however, his new tale begins to develop in his head; a Christmas story about a miser named Ebenezer Scrooge (personified by Christopher Plummer) who is challenged by a series of mysterious apparitions. The characters develop beautifully, but before long he starts to hit another roadblock when he can't work out how to finish it.
Continue: The Man Who Invented Christmas Trailer
Ian McNeice - Celebs have been charging up to £20 per autograph at Londons Comic Con - London, United Kingdom - Saturday 24th May 2014
Ian McNeice - MCM Birmingham Memorabilia Comic Con at Birmingham NEC - Birmingham, United Kingdom - Saturday 16th March 2013
Nativity 2: Danger In The Manger! Review
After 2009's inane comedy Nativity, no one was clamouring for a sequel, but at least this one tips the scales into sublime silliness. If you can suspend your disbelief, this might even be a guilty pleasure, complete with stars behaving stupidly, adorable children and a series of hilariously corny pastiche Christmas songs.
Things continue to be rather chaotic at St Bernadette's Primary School in Coventry, mainly because the headmistress (Ferris) is still employing her idiotic nephew Mr Poppy (Wootton) as a classroom assistant. He's just scared off another applicant for the teaching job when the tenacious Mr Peterson (Tennant) arrives with his pregnant wife (Page), determined to stick it out. Somehow Poppy convinces Peterson to take the kids on an illicit cross-country journey to a Song for Christmas competition in Wales, at which the kids will face competition from school rival Mr Shakespeare (Watkins) as well as Peterson's estranged twin brother Roderick (also Tennant), a snooty composer with a professional choir.
The plot is utterly preposterous, and as the wacky events progress, writer-director Isitt never even tries to ground the movie in realism. In fact, there's a point about halfway through where it becomes pure fantasy, so complaints about believability don't really apply. The only way to survive watching it is to sit back and enjoy the inane plot and goofy slapstick. And by doing so, we're surprised that the film is actually rather enjoyably ridiculous.
Continue reading: Nativity 2: Danger In The Manger! Review
Nativity 2: Danger In The Manger Trailer
Mr. Poppy, an immature classroom assistant at a St. Bernadette's Primary School, returns with ideas for a new Christmas performance with his class following the success of their Nativity play in 2009's 'Nativity!' He wishes to organise the pupils for the National 'Song for Christmas' Competition where the prize is a massive o10,000. However, being only an assistant, he cannot enter the class until their new teacher arrives. Donald Peterson is that teacher; a restless and stressed out man who struggles to deal with the pregnancy of his wife, the pressure on him to become like his talented composer twin brother and, of course, the unruly Class 7. Mr. Poppy wastes no time in getting Donald to agree to get the competition performance underway but the new teacher soon finds himself out of his depth and struggling to control the behaviour of his teaching assistant who insists on using a real baby and a donkey in the show. However, when Donald discovers that his perfect, daddy's boy brother is also competing alongside the upperclass choir of St Cuthbert's College, he finds himself determined to put on a world-class performance.
'Nativity 2: Danger in the Manger' is the most perfect sequel to its 2009 predecessor. It sees the return of Debbie Isitt as writer and director and most of your favourite characters and is set to be released well in time for the festive season on November 23rd 2012.
Director: Debbie Isitt
Continue: Nativity 2: Danger In The Manger Trailer
Ian McNeice Tuesday 13th November 2012 Nativity 2 World Premiere held at the Empire, Leicester Square - Arrivals.
Valkyrie Trailer
This amazing true story is based around the life of Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg, a German officer who, along with a group of high ranking officers decide something must be done about Hitler before all of Germany is destroyed by war.
Continue: Valkyrie Trailer
Ace Ventura: When Nature Calls Review
By Christopher Null
Even worse than the original. And no eye candy to make things go more smoothly.
Frank Herbert's Dune (2000) Review
It seems that David Lynch's adaptation of Frank Herbert's epic science fiction novel Dune (1984) wasn't enough to convince people that this classic works far better on the page. At least that box office fiasco packs in some interesting Lynchian perversions. Besides, how can you go wrong with a cast that includes Patrick Stewart, Max von Sydow, and Alicia Witt as a bald, pint-sized, knife-wielding child? Let me tell you something, buddy -- you can't top that! Maybe it ain't Herbert's vision of Dune, but it's fun at parties.
So someone in the Sci-Fi Channel marketing department thought that they'd be able to create the definitive version of the novel, making much ballyhoo over it in the press. "This is the way Frank Herbert intended it!" Yes, yes, I'm sure he was precisely thinking of static, made-for-television sets lifted from Star Trek: The Next Generation, bathed in nauseating greens, oranges, and fire engine reds.
Continue reading: Frank Herbert's Dune (2000) Review
White Noise Review
By David Levine
White Noise is predicated on an intriguing process called Electronic Voice Phenomenon (EVP) where the dead contact the living through televisions, telephones, and radios. Some may think it's ridiculous, but EVP has long been a fascination for ghost researchers. It's also been the basis for some of the creepiest and most disturbing horror movies ever made, like The Ring and Poltergeist. But with White Noise, we receive mixed signals and a new broadcast that becomes a boring waiting game for the thrills to begin.
Michael Keaton is Jonathan Rivers, a successful architect and loving husband to his pregnant novelist wife Anna (Chandra West) and father to his son Mike (Nicholas Elia), from a previous marriage. After Anna's sudden disappearance and subsequent death, a man named Raymond Price (Ian McNeice) contacts Jonathan claiming he's been receiving messages from Anna on the other side. Desperate to be connected once again with his wife, Jonathan begins a dangerous obsession with EVP.
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Conspiracy Review
Reallllllly weird retelling of an infamous meeting in Nazi Germany wherein Hitler's highest-ups figured out the minutiae of how to dispose with the Jews of Europe. From segregation to sterilization to, ultimately, Auschwitz, the commanders of the Third Reich dispassionately weigh the pros and cons of a Jewish labor force and the "disposal problem." Freaky but not altogether enlightening, as little of the insight given in Conspiracy comes as much of a surprise.
Around The World In 80 Days Review
By Rob Blackwelder
Jules Verne might have a hard time recognizing his source material in the Jackie Chan action-comedy adaptation of "Around the World in 80 Days," but for non-purists, it's easy to forgive the many liberties taken in this funny, fleet-footed summer-matinee romp.
Although the ostensible main character is still screwball Victorian inventor Phileas Fogg (lanky Steve Coogan) -- who wagers against the stuffed shirts of the English scientific establishment that he can circumnavigate the globe in the titular time period -- this version of the story more literally revolves around Passepartout (Chan), Fogg's valet who has his own reasons for traipsing across continents.
Passepartout has stolen a jade Buddha from a Bank of London vault in order to return it to its rightful place: his native village in China. Fogg is his ticket to safe passage -- or so he thinks.
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Saffian, H. A., Tahir, P. M., Harun, J., Jawaid, M., and Hakeem, K. R. (2014). "Influence of planting density on the fiber morphology and chemical composition of a new latex-timber clone tree of rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.)," BioRes. 9(2), 2593-2608.
In this study, the fiber morphology and chemical constituents of a 4-year-old rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) from the RRIM 2000 clone series were evaluated. The effects of planting density on the fiber morphology and chemical compositions of the clone of rubber wood were also considered. It is clear that the fibers of the rubber wood samples grown under higher planting density were thicker, with a wider lumen diameter than those grown under lower planting density. There were significant interactions between planting density and the height of the tree from which the samples were taken for all measured fiber properties studied. The chemical composition of the clone of rubber wood was determined as per TAPPI standards. Each of the chemical constituents of the rubber wood displayed statistically significant (at the 95% confidence level) interactions with tree section (low, middle, or high) and planting density. Fiber morphology and chemical composition results showed that juvenile rubber trees could supply fiber to produce particleboard and medium density fiberboard. Compared to mature rubber trees (those more than 25 years old), the studied RRIM 2000 clone rubberwood trees were found to be as compatible for use in the wood industry.
Currently, the main source of rubberwood is from old rubber trees that are no longer economically viable for use in latex production. It is expected that 41 more rubber farmers in Malaysia will switch to crops such as oil palm, bamboo and coir, and others due to the continued decline in rubberwood use in the near future. In light of this, the Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia (RRIM) has successfully bred latex timber clones (LTC) with high latex and timber yields. Planters in Malaysia have been encouraged to plant these clones to take advantage of their high latex and timber yields. In RRIM's Planting Recommendation Report (1995-1997), LTC is classified into two groups: Group I and Group II. Group I (Prang Besar (PB) and 900 series) consists of clones that have proven their performances for at least five years in large scale trials and in commercial plantings. Group II (900 and 2000 series) consists of selected clones currently undergoing small-scale trials based on their five-year yield record. Data regarding their performance in different climates, soils, and diseased environments are not yet available. Currently, the Malaysia Rubber Board (MRB) does not recommend planting clones on a large scale. Some of these clones seem to have better growth performance than those in Group I (PB 260 and PB 600 series). An example of a highly preforming clone is one from the RRIM 2000 series. These trees are planted under high planting density (more than 1000 trees/ha) in order to generate as much wood material as possible. If these planting practices turn out to be favorable, the system can be introduced to estate owners, and rubber trees can be harvested at an early age, benefitting the wood panel industry (Ong 2000).
Rubber trees from RRIM 2000 usually have a high wood volume with clear and straight trunks. They typically have a high latex yield. RRIM 900, RRIM 2000, and Prang Besar (PB) series clones can produce as much as 300% more timber than the current RRIM 600 series clones can, and they are harvestable just 12 to 15 years after they are planted. Rubberwood (RRIM 2020) is a new clone within RRIM 2000 series that has the potential for both high timber and high latex production. This clone has also exhibited better growth performance than rubber trees from the Prang Besar (PB) series and the RRIM 600 series (Najib et al.1997). In another related work, researchers carried out a study to determine the effects of clonal differences and planting density on growth rate and wood properties of rubber wood (Naji et al. 2012).
Rubberwood has become very important to the wood industry and is in ever-heightening demand. This is especially true for the wood panel product sector. Current declining trends in rubber replanting indicate that soon the supply of rubber wood may not be enough to meet the demand of the wood industry. It is imperative to establish an alternative source of rubber wood. Two possible approaches to meeting the growing demand for wood products would be to utilize rubberwood trees in their early growth stages and to implement a new planting system (i.e. one with high planting density). The trees grown in this type of plantation would not be tapped at all and would be harvested 15 years after they were planted. Both latex timber clones (LTC) and timber clones (TC) are suitable for growth in rubber plantations. The choice between the two depends on supply, product suitability, growth rate, yield, uniformity, and reliability of the selected clones.
Planting density is one of the methods of silviculture used to control tree growth. The MRB suggested that for solid wood production, tree spacing should be 4 x 4 m, yielding an initial planting density of 625 trees/ha. Lower density planting, of about 400 trees/ha, allows for better girth and cheaper planting materials. However, more pruning of branches and weed control are required. This planting density is suitable for latex production. The same practice could be suitable for planting clones from the RRIM 2000 series, which includes both LCs and LTCs. However, if these trees are planted for the chipboard and MDF industries, planting densities should be higher so that harvesting can be done earlier (5 or 6 years after planting, with tree diameters of about 15 cm). Silvicultural treatments applied to plantation trees during their early years can greatly affect their growth rates, but it is not well established how accelerated growth affects wood and fiber properties. Understanding this relationship is of vital and practical importance in maximizing fiber production without decreasing wood and fiber quality (Lei et al. 1997). Wood features (especially its anatomical properties) can be used as indicators of mechanical properties, densities, and final product characteristics (Norul and Sahri 2008; Pande and Singh 2005). Fiber length, an important aspect of fiber morphology, has a great effect on mechanical strength and longitudinal shrinkage (Dinwoodie 1981). The specific gravity of wood influences most of its mechanical properties (Norul and Sahri 2008; Dinwoodie 1981).
The Malaysia Rubber Board has begun planting rubber trees for timber and latex production (i.e., latex timber clone) using high planting densities between 1100 and 1666 trees/ha. In current practice, trees are planted using a 4 x 4 m planting distance. Both planting distances would give an initial planting density of 625 plants/ha. It is anticipated that during harvesting, 15 years after the date of planting, a density of 524 plants/ha will be achieved. The standard density for planting rubber is currently estimated to be 500 trees/ha irrespective of genotype, growth, morphological characteristics of the rubber clone, and environmental factors. This density will provide the space required by the mature rubber tree for its whole life span and will allow for the most favorable level of intra-species competition, resulting in the highest possible dry rubber yield per hectare. Under high densities, tree crowns can overlap, typically reducing the crown size (Makinan 1996). In addition, tree crowns become smaller under high densities due to self-pruning, affecting the interception of light (Pathiratna 2006; Cannell 1983). Under high tree densities, subterranean competition also can be high (Schroth 1999). In rubber trees, stress under high tree densities significantly reduces growth in girth and grams per tree per tapping yield (Obouayeba and Dian 2005; Webster and Paardekooper 1989). Under low densities, rubber trees grow faster, reach tappable girth earlier, and yield more wood on a per-tree basis (Westgrath and Buttery 1965). This is because trees grow faster during their immature phase under low densities (Rodrigo and Nugawela 1995). Growth of trees after the commencement of tapping is greatly reduced. The immature phase plays the most important role in determining the ultimate yields of rubber trees (Webster 1989). Despite the decrease in per-tree yield, higher tree densities have resulted in higher yields per hectare (Obouayeba and Dian 2005) and optimum planting densities have been determined. Other factors to consider are the cost of the plants themselves, of planting, of upkeep during the immature and mature phases, and of tapping and harvesting timber. Note that the costs of tapping and harvesting timber are high when large numbers of trees are managed under high tree densities.
In this study, the effects of planting density on the fiber morphology and the chemical constituents of four-year-old RRIM 2020 rubberwood clones were determined.
A four-year-old RRIM 2000 series rubber tree clone was used for this study. The RRIM 2020 rubber tree clone was selected because it was planted for timber production. The site is located in the Northeast part of Malaysia at the Rubber Research Institute Mini Station (RRIMINIS) in Tok Dor, Besut, Terengganu (latitude of 4◦ 58′ 56.41″ N and longitude of 103◦ 09′ 08.67″ E). The RRIM 2020 rubber tree clone was planted at four different planting densities: 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 trees/ha.
For each planting density, rubber trees were felled at 10 cm above the ground. The average tree height was 5 to 10 m, and the average diameter was 15 cm. Fifty-millimeter-thick discs were obtained from the top, middle, and bottom parts of the tree. The discs were then covered with plastic bags, labeled, and brought to the laboratory for further processing. A total of 108 discs (3 trees x 3 height level x 4 planting densities x 3 repetition) were used.
Each sample block was split into pieces of matchstick size and macerated into separate, labeled test tubes containing distilled water. Later, the water was replaced with a solution of equal parts glacial acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide (30 to 35%). The volume of the solution used in each test tube was 10 times the volume of the wood samples. During the maceration process, the test tubes were kept inside a water bath and maintained at 80 to 90 ºC for at least 8 h. About 5 mL of 10% glacial acetic acid and 1.5 g of sodium chlorite were added to the test tubes every 2 h to ensure that the wood samples' color became silvery-white. The chemicals were then washed away from the samples with distilled water by several consecutive washing steps. Solitary fibers were obtained within the suspension through gentle shaking. A pipette was used to transfer a drop of suspended fibers onto a slide before a cover slip was placed on top of the drop. Five slides were made for each sample of different planting density. Slides were then transferred to the slide warmer and dried at 60 ºC for an hour or more. Microscope images of the cross sections of each sample were collected using an image analyzer microscope (Quantimet 520, Cambridge Instruments). The fiber diameter, fiber wall thickness, and lumen diameters of 50 randomly selected fibers were measured by the image processing software. The software used a total magnification of 40X and was calibrated with a stage micrometer. From the data obtained, fiber length, fiber diameter, cell wall thickness, and lumen diameters were calculated.
Discs from each tree were further cut into 5-cm-thick discs. The discs were ground and milled using a Willey Mill machine. The wood dust was sieved using British Standard (BS) 40 to 60 mesh. After grinding, the samples were kept in an airtight jar to maintain their moisture content. Alcohol-benzene (2:1) soluble extracts, hot water soluble extracts, and lignin and cellulose contents were determined using TAPPI T212 om-88, TAPPI T13 os-54, and ASTM 1104-56 (1978), respectively.
The mean values of fiber length, fiber diameter, fiber lumen diameter, and fiber wall thickness indicate that the young trees had lower quality wood than mature trees. Young wood's inferior fibers have shorter length, smaller lumens, and a thinner wall. Between young and matured woods, the latter always has longer fibers with thicker cell walls (Zobel and Kellison 1972). As was expected for RRIM 2020, the fiber lengths of 4-year-old rubberwood clone were shorter than those of the 25-year-old PB 260. Similar results were obtained by Bendsten and Senft (1986), Roslan (1998), Izham (2001), and Ashari (2002). They found that young wood has shorter fibers with thinner cell walls and larger lumen diameters.
The results are given in Table 1. Ashari (2002) showed that the average fiber length of two clones of rubberwood was 1.1 mm, while the fiber length of tropical hardwoods ranged from 0.8 and 1.6 mm.
As shown in Table 1, there was significant interaction between the planting density and the tree height for all fiber properties studied. All of the following discussions are based on these interactions and not on the main effects themselves (planting density and tree section). These results are further illustrated in graph form in Figs. 1 through 4.
A summary of R2 values and illustrations are given in Table 2 and Fig. 4, respectively. Fiber wall thickness was statistically significantly influenced by the planting density and tree height. Relationships were more prominent in wood obtained from the middle and top portions of the tree with R2 values of 0.72 and 0.6, respectively. The effect was also significant for fiber lumen diameter in fibers taken from the middle section of the tree (R2 value of 0.79).
The relationships between planting density and fiber diameter were weak, with R2 values of 0.35 (top), 0.15 (middle), and 0.01 (bottom). It was found that the higher the planting density is, the wider the fiber is, particularly those located at the top of the tree (Fig. 2a, b, and c). The relationship between planting density and lumen diameter had R2 values ranging from 0.01 to 0.80 (Fig. 3a, b, and c). Fiber lumen diameter from the middle portion of the tree affected planting density strongly as compared to other portions of the tree. This may be due to the fact that fiber dimensions were stable when growth rate increased at middle portion of tree as compared to lower and upper portion. This relationship had R2 values of 0.32 and 0.02 for the top and bottom parts of the tree, respectively.
Results indicate that as the distance between trees was increased (i.e., at lower planting density), the cell wall thicknesses of fibers from all sections of the tree decreased. This can be most clearly seen in the case of wood taken from the 500 trees/ha stand (Fig. 4). This phenomenon was irrespective of tree height.
In another study, rubberwood from a 25-year-old PB clone was used. Haifah (2002) reported that wood from the top portion of the tree had the longest fiber length compared to wood from the middle and bottom portions. Further, fibers at the bottom of tree had the thickest cell walls. The longest fibers were located in the sapwood (outer) region while those with the highest thicknesses, lumen diameters, and widths were located in the heartwood (inner) region. There was an increase in fiber wall thickness from the bottom to the top of the stem and a decrease in cell wall thickness from the outer to the inner parts of the radial zones due to mature-juvenile wood differences. Fiber with the thickest cell wall (4.6 µm) was located in the outer region, whereas fiber with the thinnest (4.5 µm) was located in the inner region of the bottom of the stem.
At higher planting density, there was significant change in lumen diameter. Figure 4 shows that cell wall thickness decreased as planting density increased from 500 to 1000 tree/ha. This effect was more prominent in fibers obtained from the top and middle parts of the tree (R2 values of 0.60 and 0.72, respectively). In a denser planting arrangement, trees grew faster due to competition for sunlight. Hence, the cells grew faster, and their cell walls became relatively thinner. Such a trend is also apparent in this study (Fig. 4a and 4b).
The chemical components of the cell wall are normally inseparable without altering and degrading their structures (Janes 1969), making quantitative determination of their contents difficult. Therefore, separation and quantitative determination of each individual component was done in the laboratory through the use of solvent extraction and other techniques. The contents of chemical components in wood are widely variable due to the heterogeneity of the wood itself. Chemical differences in wood have been reported by many researchers such as Nikitin (1966) and Browning (1967). Experimental results for the chemical constituents, such as the extractives content, lignocellulosic material content, and ash content, of the juvenile RRIM 2020 rubberwood clone for different tree sections and planting densities are summarized in Table 3. There were significant interactions (at the 95% confidence level) in almost all properties studied. These effects were further analyzed using LSD and are summarized in Table 3.
Wood extractives' components are a heterogeneous group of compounds, present in low concentration, that are important to wood formation (Stanley 1969). Extractives are also defined as the non-structural or secondary constituents of plants (Hillis 1970). Tables 3 and 4 show the differences in soluble extractives contents as functions of tree section and planting density. The highest extractive content was 2.63% in the bottom section and the lowest was 1.34% in the middle section of the tree. For a planting density of 1500 trees/ha, the highest extractive content was 2.63%.
The lowest extractive content of 1.34% was from the 500 trees/ha planting density. This study shows that under higher planting density, the wood contains relatively higher amounts of alcohol-benzene soluble extractives. This means that the wood samples may contain more waxes, fats, resins, and certain other ether-insoluble components such as wood gums.
Generally, the extractives content of Malaysian hardwoods varies between 0.6 and 11.6% of alcohol-benzene soluble, 0.1 and 14.4% of hot water soluble, and 2.6 and 24.5% of 1% alkali soluble (Khoo and Peh 1982). The amount of extractives in Hevea brasiliensis was between 6 and 10% (Hong 1994). Extractives make up between 4 and 10% of the dry weight of normal, temperate wood species but as much as 20% of tropical wood.
Extractives of tropical hardwood play important roles in decay resistance, termite resistance, creating resin spots on pulp sheets, and increases of paint curing time (Hong 1994; Yatagai and Takahashi1980; MacDonald and Franklin1969).
Hot water soluble extractives from wood samples include components such as tannins, gums, sugars, coloring, starches, polysaccharides, inorganic salts, cyclitols, and some phenolic substances (Browning 1967). Consequently, the extractives soluble in organic solvents contain considerable material that is also soluble in water. Tables 3 and 4 show the significance levels of the relationships between water soluble extractives content and the two variables examined. The highest percentage of hot water solubles was 5.88% and the lowest was 2.25% in samples extracted from the bottom and top parts of the tree, respectively.
Holocellulose is the total polysaccharide proportion of extractive-free wood. It includes cellulose and hemicelluloses. High holocellulose content indicates high levels of cellulose or hemicellulose (or both) (MacDonald and Franklin 1969). Tables 3 and 4 show that holocellulose levels were significantly affected both by planting density and by the section of the tree the wood was taken from. In this study, the highest percentage of holocellulose was 76.47%, obtained from the bottom part of the tree harvested from the 1500 trees/ha stand. The lowest was 73.20% at top of the tree harvested from the 2000 trees/ha stand. This range of holocellulose content is similar to that found by Hong (1994) and MacDonald and Franklin (1969) (between 65% and 78%). In general, hardwoods tend to possess higher holocellulose content than softwoods. Browning (1967) and Nikitin (1966) estimated the amount of holocellulose in softwood to be within the range of 70 to 75% and within 75 to 82% in hardwoods. However, the holocellulose content of Malaysian tropical hardwood was reported to vary more widely. It was within the range of 59.4 to 85.4% (Khoo and Peh 1982).
Cellulose is the single most important component of the woody cell wall that contributes to the volume and characteristics of the wood. Approximately 40 to 45% of the dry mass of most wood species is cellulose, which is located predominantly in the secondary cell wall. Cellulose gives high tensile strength and is insoluble in most solvents due to its molecular structure and strong hydrogen bonding (Sjostrom 1981). The interaction effect on cellulose content was significant at the 95% confidence level. The highest cellulose level (54.41%) was found in wood from the bottom part of the tree, while the lowest (51.13%) was found in wood from the top of the tree. Cellulose content in wood is typically between 45 and 50% (Hong 1995). However, Khoo and Peh (1982) reported that most Malaysian hardwoods have alpha-cellulose contents in the range of 35.1 to 54.2%. In this study, the RRIM 2020 rubberwood tree clone had 44% cellulose content, which is similar to that of mature rubberwood (PB260), as shown in Table 4. The amount of hemicellulose as a fraction of the dry weight of wood is usually between 20 and 30%. Sjostrom (1981) reported a wider range of hemicellulose contents, between approximately 15 and 35%.
There are various methods available for isolating lignin from wood. However, finding the ideal method of isolation is still considered a major problem in lignin chemistry (Polcin 1978).The lignin contents of the samples from various planting densities and tree sections were significantly different at the 95% confidence level. The results show that higher amount of lignin is located at the bottom part of tree as compared to top and middle part of tree (Table 4). Development of lignin is intimately associated with cellulose and hemicellulose; lignin penetrates the fibrils and strengthens the cell wall, which gives rigidity to the cell (Findlay 1975). Sjostrom (1981) found that normal softwood contains 26 to 30% lignin by mass while normal hardwood contains 20 to 28% lignin. Sjostrom (1981) further reported that tropical hardwoods can have lignin contents exceeding 30% and that the lignin content in Malaysian hardwoods ranges from 12.7 to 34.2%.
Ash is an inorganic component of wood that does not burn even when heated to 575 ºC. Up to around 2% of wood, by mass, is ash. Silicate, one of the components of ash, is made up of silica; the silica content of most wood grown in the temperate zone is quite low compared to that of tropical woods, in which more than half of the ash weight is silica. Rubberwood planted at different planting densities showed significantly different ash contents. However, tree section had only a small effect on the amount of ash in the wood, especially in those planted at high planting density. The highest ash content (0.58%) was found at bottom part in trees planted at 500 trees/ha, and the lowest (0.31%) was at top part in trees from a planting density of 2000 trees/ha (Table 4). Usually, ash content is between 0.2 and 1% (Fengel and Wegener 1984).
The fiber morphology of 4-year-old RRIM 2020 tree clones was significantly affected by both planting density and the section of the tree from which samples were taken. Significant interactions were also found between the two factors. Using a high planting density (1500 and 2000 trees/ha) and taking samples from the bottom of the tree were found to have more dominant influences on the length and cell wall thickness of rubberwood fiber.
Wood taken from the top part of the tree had shorter fiber length compared to wood from the bottom part of the tree.
The levels of most of the chemical constituents in the RRIM 2020 rubberwood clone were significantly different at different planting densities and tree sections. However, the holocellulose and ash contents were not significantly affected by planting density.
In terms of the studied qualities, the new RRIM 2020 rubberwood clone is comparable to the natural timber species commonly used to make composite products.
This study was funded by PR-IRPA grant projects from the Ministry of Science and Technology and Innovation (MOSTI). The Senior Research Officer of the Rubber Research Institute Malaysia (RRIM), Selangor, Sungai Buluh contributed RRIM 2000 series rubber tree clones for this study.
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Article submitted: December 22, 2013; Peer review completed: February 15, 2014; Revised version received and accepted: March 12, 2014; Published: March 24, 2014.


text:
Q: How to clear my caches? I am writing a program to benchmark my disk. I calculate the time it takes to write a file and read from the file on disk.
My file_read function looks like this:
def read(blockSize): #blockSize is in bytes, varies from 1 byte, 1 KB and 1 MB
    loops = 1048576 * fileSize / blockSize #number of iterations, fileSize is 100 (Mb)
    fp = open("foo.txt", "r")
    for j in xrange(0, loops):
        fp.read(blockSize)
    fp.close()

The throughput I am calculating is very high (close to 2 Gbps). I suspect this is because of the file being stored in my cache memory. Is there a way I can clear it to effectively benchmark my disk?

A: On Linux, you can explicitly write to a special file to force the page cache to be cleared.
To do it in Python (because running a program to do it would cost a lot too), you'd do:
# On Python 3.3+, you can force a sync to disk first, minimizing the amount of
# dirty pages to drop as much as possible:
os.sync()

with open('/proc/sys/vm/drop_caches', 'w') as f:
    f.write("1\n")

Make sure you don't hold open handles to the file at the time you do this; an open handle to the file may prevent the cache for it from being dropped.
Another possibility that may work would be to use posix_fadvise to lie to the system so it drops the pages for you; you'd need to test to confirm, but you might be able to do something like:
def read(blockSize): #blockSize is in bytes, varies from 1 byte, 1 KB and 1 MB
    loops = 1048576 * fileSize / blockSize #number of iterations, fileSize is 100 (Mb)
    with open("foo.txt") as fp:
        # Lies to OS to tell it we won't need any of the data
        os.posix_fadvise(fp.fileno(), 0, fileSize, os.POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED)
        # Changed our mind! Read it fresh
        os.posix_fadvise(fp.fileno(), 0, fileSize, os.POSIX_FADV_NORMAL)

        for j in xrange(loops):
            fp.read(blockSize)

Like os.sync, the Python API wasn't introduced until 3.3, so you'd need to roll your own accessor with ctypes on earlier versions. Also note that as written, your code never seeks back to the beginning of the file, but reads far more data than the file contains. Did you perhaps mean to seek back to the beginning? You'd need to re-advise before each seek back.


text:
Das Naturschutzgebiet Lütteckenstein / Halberg mit einer Größe von 17,7 ha liegt südwestlich von Velmede im Gemeindegebiet von Bestwig. Das Gebiet wurde 2008 mit dem Landschaftsplan Bestwig durch den Hochsauerlandkreis als Naturschutzgebiet (NSG) ausgewiesen. Das NSG besteht aus zwei Teilflächen.

Gebietsbeschreibung
Beim NSG handelt es sich um ein Waldgebiet mit teils höheren Diabasfelsen. Der Wald besteht meist aus Rotbuchen und Rotfichten.

Schutzzweck
Das NSG soll das Waldgebiet mit seinem Arteninventar schützen.

Wie bei allen Naturschutzgebieten in Deutschland wurde in der Schutzausweisung darauf hingewiesen, dass das Gebiet "wegen der Seltenheit, besonderen Eigenart und Schönheit des Gebietes" zum Naturschutzgebiet wurde.

Siehe auch
 Liste der Naturschutzgebiete im Hochsauerlandkreis

Literatur
 Hochsauerlandkreis – Untere Landschaftsbehörde (Hrsg.): Landschaftsplan Bestwig, Meschede 2008, S. 21–26 und 48.

Weblinks

Lutteckenstein / Halberg

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
BHB and BIU sign three-year agreement
Thursday 1 July 2021: Bermuda Hospitals Board and Bermuda Industrial Union today announce the completion of negotiations and signing of the three-year collective bargaining agreement on behalf of all BIU staff at KEMH and MWI. The agreement will last up to October 2021.
To officially complete the process, a signing was held at the BIU headquarters in Hamilton for members of the two negotiating teams.
R Scott Pearman, BHB Deputy CEO, comments: "Although negotiations have taken some time, I'd like to recognise the hard work of both BHB and BIU negotiating teams in reaching an amicable agreement. COVID-19 has been a disruptive force to the process, but we have all adjusted and kept going. I must give a sincere appreciation for the BIU leadership and BIU hospital membership during what has been an incredibly challenging time for people working in healthcare. BIU staff include aides, emergency medical technicians (EMTs), environmental services staff, community care workers, laundry operators, maintenance personnel, orderlies, sterile processing technicians and food services employees. They are very much involved directly or in support of frontline care. Not only have they worked tirelessly to keep services running during the pandemic, but they have also stepped up to the plate in helping the hospital manage costs. They supported the pension and social insurance holidays, and while base pay remained stable, BIU members agreed last year to a temporary reduction in overtime rates. This has made a huge difference to BHB's ability to meet its financial obligations to all its staff and keep services running throughout. Truly the BIU and its members have shown strength and compassion, and have played a major role in seeing our community and hospitals through this difficult time.
Chris Furbert, BIU President, agreed: "We are very pleased to be completing the current negotiations, which have reflected the good relationship between the BIU and BHB. We appreciate the good faith with which both parties came to the table. It has been a very difficult 18 months for BHB and Bermuda as well as our membership, but we have stayed at the course and ensured employee rights are supported and fair agreements made. We recognise the financial pressures the hospitals are under because of the pandemic as well as the additional burden BHB and its staff have shouldered. I am very proud of the BIU members' efforts and commitment in their work, and we all recognised the crisis being faced and so were willing to help out where we could to ease the financial burden. We will all be rolling up our sleeves for the start of the next two year agreement negotiations in a few months, but we have built trusted relationships through this process and this will help us as we move on."
1 July 2021 Anna Nowak Home Page, News


Held at Broken Bay Sport & Recreation Centre (Boat Access Only).
All tickets include ferry trips to and from Patonga Wharf.
Adults $75, Children (under 15) $45.
No food or drinks available at the venue.
Patonga Social & Community Club Inc.


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online-literature› Sir Walter Scott The Lady of the Lake. The Lady of the Lake. by. Sir Walter Scott, Bart. Edited with Notes. By. ... One burnished sheet of living gold, Loch Katrine lay beneath him rolled, In all her length far winding lay, With promontory, creek, and bay, ... And never brooch the folds combined Above a heart more good and kind.
In enamelled stamped steel hollow-ware, a relatively new side of the trade which included steel goods, sanitary ware, and stoves, the typical unit by 1914 was the plant employing between 250 and 300 workers, and the largest a concern employing 800 workers in both 1914 and 1927.
Explore Addison Berry's 3,666 photos on Flickr! Save Cancel. Drag to set position!


text:
Clementine (vrucht)
Clementine (film), een Zuid-Koreaans/Amerikaanse actiefilm/drama uit 2004
Clementine (2014), een film uit 2014
Clementine (software)
Villa Clémentine, villa in Tervuren

Zie ook
 Clement (doorverwijspagina)
 Clements (doorverwijspagina)


text:
Reality Rundown
Hot Headlines
Blackamericaweb.com
Home › Beats
Jordin Sparks Premieres New Video 'They Don't Give' [VIDEO]
Eurweb
Grammy-Nominated Sony Music Recording Artist, Jordin Sparks, has released the video to her previous release of "They Don't Give" – a true R&B single produced by Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds and Salaam Remi.
"They Don't Give" incorporates the essence of 90's rhythm & blues with a modern twist and acts as the follow up release leading into Jordin's August 21st album release date. The album is available for pre-order here: http://smarturl.it/RHRN_JSparks_LP_AM
"They Don't Give" follows the release of Jordin's second Friday release of "100 Years".
"It was such an honor for me to work with Babyface on this album." Says Sparks! "I was really inspired by 90's R&B and he was the king! It takes me back to the 'feel good' songs I grew up listening to and I am so proud of it!"
"They Don't Give" premiered on Vh1.com on August 7th in conjunction with the first album stream and has been added to Vh1's Top 20 countdown as of August 8th.
Watch below:
SWIRLED: Our Favorite Black & White Celebs
Like BlackAmericaWeb.com on Facebook. Follow us on Twitter.
(Photo Source: YouTube Screenshot)
entertainment Jordin Sparks music The Black Beat


text:
Health facility control disputed
MIAMI GARDENS — Congresswoman Frederica Wilson has directed a task force to come up with recommendations on whether the Jessie Trice Community Health Center of Florida International University (FIU) should control a new facility being constructed in the Northside community.
The task force will meet at noon Wednesday, Aug. 21, at FIU's main campus and will be expected to offer proposals as soon as possible.
Wilson, D-Fla., acted Tuesday during a meeting she hosted in her Miami Gardens district office amid claims by both the 45-year-old Jesse Trice and the university that each was meant to be in charge.
"We'll determine how we'll operate the clinic and who does what," she said. But she made clear her position: "We cannot and will not allow Jessie Trice to be left out."
At the center of the dispute is the Liberty City Health Clinic which will be housed in a 10,000-square-foot facility being built on Miami-Dade County-owned land at 2520 N.W. 75th St. with $2.5 million from the state.
FIU officials said at the meeting they were informed they would be able to use the center for a teaching program, NeighborhoodHELP, which they said the school developed for its students and the community.
Jessie Trice officials said the county commission two years ago promised them use of the site. "It's my understanding that Jessie Trice will head the clinic," said Wilson, who worked with local officials on the project when she was a Florida senator.
Deborah George, Jesse Trice's administrative chief medical officer, added, "I can't imagine any reason why Jessie Trice would not be the clinical provider for Liberty City."
Lillian Rivera, Miami-Dade County administrator for the Florida Department of Health, said the department obtained the land from the county through County Commissioner Jean Monestime, who was absent from the meeting.
Stephen Sauls, FIU's vice president for Government Relations, began to describe the history of the university's involvement with the project – including contacts with legislators in Tallahassee – when Rivera interrupted him, saying, "There was no intention to exclude Jessie Trice." Rivera added that the medical education component was at the heart of reaching out to the university. "I thought that bringing in FIU was a good thing for the community," she said. "The key is to test this model of training new physicians."
Wilson said the idea of bringing FIU into the discussion of the future of the Liberty City Health Center was "not a smart decision. I don't appreciate it.""Our focus has been to provide additional health care," Sauls said, via FIU's NeighborhoodHELP, "a program that is ready to be replicated."
Wilson asked Joe Greer, FIU's assistant dean of Academic Affairs, who leads the NeighborhoodHELP program, whether FIU is willing to work with Jessie Trice. Greer responded that FIU works with "over 100 community partners" as part of its initiative on "household-centered care. We work with anybody."
"To make [NeighborhoodHELP] successful, this has to be tied into a clinic," Greer added. Wilson said as far as she is concerned, the center belongs to Jessie Trice. "If FIU wants to work with Jessie Trice, fine [but] it has to be Jessie Trice leading."
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This function reports which services are enabled, installed, and monitored on a server.
If you do not use this parameter, the function returns the statuses of all services.
service array of hashes A hash of service information. This hash includes the name, display_name, enabled, installed, and monitored returns.
Whether the service is monitored.


We are officially bad bloggers around here....but that's because we've been busy.
And we're leaving again tomorrow! Lots of good things happening. and we will try to do better when we return.
AND stay tuned for a brand spanking new website within the next month or so!


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By now, the movements in a work like Nasty & Sweet should have commonly used names. While unmediated dynamics still seems to deny This Music consideration by "real" scholars and critics of "real" music, the structural organization throughout Nasty & Sweet is a familiar one that spans all music. Nasty & Sweet Part I starts as so many pieces of music involving 3 musicians have and will, as there are only so many ways for a trio to go from silence to sound in any music. It is a sprawling alap setting the level of musicianship for the rest of the recording.
Thomas Borgman is one of those rare examples of equal part musician and instrumental virtuoso. The facets are many to Borgman's Tenor tone; in it one hears Coleman Hawkins, Archie Shepp and Albert Ayler and of course, John Coltrane. Borgmann transmutes those now familiar antecedents into something convincing. Less mugging in daddy's pork-pie, more a reading of the gospel before King James got a hold of it. His Soprano (and I believe Sopranino) playing, though not as tonally diverse, is no less tonally distinct than his sound on tenor. It is on the smaller horns where his virtuoso side waxes without the musicianship waining.
With Morris' bass and alternatively and Nichols' drumming, there is little Borgmann could have done to stall the momentum or derail the train. Morris was no less the bassist than Richard Davis, Fred Hopkins or Jimmy Garrison. Sonically and functionally, it is fair to place him in their company. Nichols, another giant of the rhythm section keeps pace with Morris and Borgmann at the same time—a feat that would otherwise necessitates two "normal" drummers. There is no immediate idiosyncratic hook to Nichols drumming, just above average skill firmly rooted in Jazz and the music that supplanted it as the central art music of our day. This is likely why he is so enjoyable to listen to.
Understandably Nasty & Sweet Part I and II have all the hallmarks of live performance—the grandeur of gesture and the bell curve shaped structure. It is interesting to hear Nasty & Sweet (the 5th track on the recording) which, based on the information available to me, I assume was not a recording from a performance. The difference is subtle, which leads me to believe live or in the studio, this group functioned on a high level regardless of the setting. There's an honesty there worth noting—or setting against the rest of the Parent Culture's fakery. Your choice.
Give or take a decade later, Thomas Borgmann's Boom Box dispenses with the feeling of ceremony with a studio recording of discreet, individual, crafted, manicured, memorable songs. Remember them? Not to be linguistically imprecise, but the last maker of "songs" within the "jazz" idiom I could really get behind, that comes to mind at this moment, was David Murray. And it is David Murray, particularly Flowers for Albert that pinged my memory when listening to Borgmann's For Albert and Frank. If I had an Ipod, those two songs wouldn't be too far away from each other—a mutual compliment.
Another standout on Boom Box is the fugue like proportions and dimensions of Little Birds may Fly. Like Bach (yes, that Bach) Borgman knows how to melodically set them up and knock them down with precision and invention. His task is consistently facilitated by the contrapuntal excellence of bassist Akira Ando and drummer Willi Kellers. Was there ever any question, both are forever now in The Book; ours is now to follow and listen.
Boom Box makes you wish you wish the Borgmann trio would come to your home town and stretch out on those songs at your favorite haunt.
Here at the Freejazz collective, we don't get the actual CD's, just the files. Sometimes (but not always) the player on my computer assigns a genre to the music in question. Nasty & Sweet came up as a Blues. Indeed the blues is grabbed for on Nasty & Sweet in a bald (and beautiful) way on We Went That Away.
On Fire by Kidd Jordan is without any such realistic renderings and yet, my blues needs are met far more convincingly within the first few moments than in all the recordings by Borgmann I've heard thus far. Were they both brush painters, Jordan and Mr. Charles Gayle's paintings would look alike, with Gayle's being a larger, more menacing. Borgmann's would show in the same gallery, but would immediately appear different. If pressed I might be inclined to suggest that difference (which isn't hierarchical) might have something to do with race, class, and the difference between the American and the European experience. The aesthetic terrior if you like.
With Jordan, there is the same willful jaggedness of line and joyous abandonment of the tempered scale without quite the same feeling of impending apocalypse as Gayle so gayly delivers. One can indulge in both without risking a panic attack. Even if Jordan was a school of one (and he hardly is), his tone and melodic contour is so fully developed, so confident and clear that when set against the parent culture's plonk, they deserve their own appellation. At the very least let's take note of the fact that Jordan (like Gayle) is part of that exclusive club of tenor players—the Fellowship of Reedsmen who have performed with Milford Graves.
Like Borgmann, Jordan finds himself amply supported by an attentive, interactive rhythm section. Harrison Bankhead on bass (and cello, I believe) is as much a harmonic fixture as he is rhythmic. If there was any question why the drumming is so excellent, it is because the drummer is the very excellent and eminently melodic Warren Smith. Having worked with a diverse panoply of melodicists from Van Morrison to Bill Dixon, Smith sounds right at home with Jordan and Bankhead, adding to the music without ever unduly hogging the mic.
Together, these recordings point to a day when the saxophone trio is perfected, or at the very least exhausted. With so much music on these three recordings, it's hard to grapple with the fact that they are but a mere fraction of the trio sounds produced under the heading This Music, let alone music in total.
Thomas Borgmann, Wilber Morris, Reggie Nicholson - Nasty & Sweet is not a NotTwo record, is a Nobusiness record.
Thanks! Corrected in the meantime.
I have Volume 1 of On Fire, and it's quite good. But even better is Palm of Soul with Parker and Drake.
I bought it for the rhythm section, but Jordan is the star.
I'll have to get one of these Borgmanns.


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"Gemini Roses" by Carol Hettinga was named best of show at the summer exhibit in the Reaching New Heights Gallery in Weston.
WESTON - The summer exhibit in the Reaching New Heights Gallery features artwork from nature to New York City.
Members of the Wisconsin Visual Artists' Guild present a new show each season inside the Marshfield Clinic-Weston Center. Mary Robinson, a former visual arts teacher in the Wausau School District, judged the summer show, which will be on display until early September.
"Gemini Roses" by Carol Hettinga was named best of show. "My Dream" by Jim Martinsen was awarded first place. "Earl" by M. Peterson placed second, and "Summer's End" by Jackie Lescher placed third.
Honorable mentions are "Flowers of the Sun" by Cindy Markowski, "Blue Heron" by Jacqueline Michael and "A Quiet Peace" by Marilyn Feindt.