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Did The 1914 Christmas Truce In The Trenches Really Happen?
The 1914 Christmas Truce was part of a larger phenomenon known as 'live and let live'
Greg Allwood
17th December 2019 at 5:46pm
Christmas carols sung between enemies, gifts exchanged, and a grand football match in no man's land – it seems the 1914 Christmas Truce has become almost as well known as the First World War itself.
Various books and articles, a 2005 film ('Joyeux Noel') and, for audiences in the UK, the 2014 Sainsbury's Christmas advert have all helped to popularise this event.
Did The Christmas Truce Really Happen?
But what exactly was the 1914 Christmas Truce? Did it really happen? If so, why and where did it happen? How did it start? And, most importantly, who won the grand football match?
The simple answer to these questions is that the truce certainly did occurr because there are numerous accounts about it on both sides. There are also photographs of soldiers meeting in no man's land on the Western Front on Christmas Day, 1914.
But there the simplicity ends, because, like the war itself, there were multiple experiences of the truce – in fact, there were essentially multiple truces.
As far as we know, these truces began when German soldiers emerged from their trenches at multiple points along the Western Front. As the BBC/PBS series 'The Great War and the Shaping of the 20th Century' (or '1914-18') tells it:
"On Christmas Eve, 1914, temperatures drop below freezing on the Western Front. In some places, it began snowing, obscuring the moon. Then all across the German lines, lights began to appear … (then) sounds of singing drifted across no man's land."
What the British heard was "Stille nacht! Heilige Nacht!" drifting across no man's land, and they responded with their own carols, and food thrown over in some cases.
On Christmas Day, men began emerging from their trenches and meeting between the lines. One of those who emerged early on was Captain Charles Stockwell. He recalled later:
"I ran out into the trench and heard that the Saxons were shouting, 'Don't shoot! We don't want to fight today. We will send you some beer'."
Stockwell met his opposite number, another German officer, in the middle of no man's land:
"We met, and formerly saluted. He introduced himself as Count something-or-other, and seemed a very decent fellow."
What Really Happened During The 1914 Christmas Truce?
From there, more men followed, a process that was repeated at various points up and down the 440-mile Western Front. Essentially, this was a chance for men on both sides to bury the dead, and to take a break from the ongoing hostilities.
As Malcolm Brown and Shirley Seaton explain in 'Christmas Truce', the ceasefire took place over more than two-thirds of the British section of the Western Front, as well as being accompanied by similar truces in the French and Belgian areas.
In 'Silent Night', Stanley Weintraub explains that, as the spontaneous truce gradually unfolded, many of the greetings between participants were polite, even a bit formal.
Weintraub talks of a Saxon smoking a pipe in no man's land that one British officer took to be an official gift from German 5 Army commander Crown Prince Wilhelm.
This is because it had an image of 'Little Willie', as the Brits called him, depicted on it. (The nickname was used in cartoons by the Daily Mirror throughout the war – 'Little Willie' was the son of Germany's head of state, Kaiser Wilhelm II).
And indeed, he soon took the pipe from his mouth, waving it at the British officer, Phillip Maddison.
"Kronprinz! Prachtig[er] Kerl!" (or, 'Crown Prince Wilhelm is a good chap'), he said approvingly.
"Cheer-ho!" and "Jolly fine", Madison responded.
Lieutenant Church was less polite:
"Fancy thinking that [positively] about Little Willie! But I suppose they don't realise what an absolute ass the fellow really is!"
Brown and Seaton also refer to the sense of absurdity felt by many soldiers – not simply because they didn't agree with their enemies, but also because they'd gone so suddenly from trying to kill them to suddenly being civil:
"'Just you think', wrote Oswald Tilley of the London Rifle Brigade to his father and mother, 'that while you were eating your turkey etc., I was out talking and shaking hands with the very men I had been trying to kill a few hours before!! It was astounding!'"
Which Side Started The 1914 Christmas Truce?
As noted above, it seems that the Germans began things by singing carols, at least in some places. From there, the truce seems to have unfolded spontaneously as men on both sides began to move into no man's land and talk to one another.
There's little doubt these meetings, and exchanges of gifts (such as British bully beef or Maconochie's stew for German cigars, sausages or sauerkraut), occurred at various points up and down the line. Tilley's letter is one of a mountain of written correspondence, not to mention some photographs, that show the truces occurred.
But what of the grand football game, and of the way it is portrayed in the 2014 Sainsbury's advert?
The British Army's Darkest Day
Weintraub says that Maddison saw a ball kicked up in the air at one point and heard that a soccer match and been suggested, to take place behind the German lines.
There is, though, no direct evidence one ever did.
But there are other stories that suggest games of football may have happened.
A Christmas Truce Football Match?
Weintraub mentions unit histories for those in Flanders that refer to football matches between British units within British lines, and some with the Germans in no man's land.
One imagines these games couldn't have been too elaborate, given the difficult terrain.
Yet apparently moving away the dead did provide some space, at one point is seems amongst turnip and cabbage fields.
Though in at least one case, a match between the lines reported in a letter in the Times on January 1, 1915 was later denied in the official history of that brigade.
If it did occur, perhaps it was covered up for obvious political reasons (fraternising with the enemy being taboo, and all that.) As the official history noted, "it would have been most unwise to allow the Germans to know how weakly the British trenches were held".
Whatever games did occur, footballs were not, at that time, in plentiful supply. One unit had to shove straw into a cap-comforter to create a makeshift one – something the Saxons opposite apparently found amusing.
G A Farmer of the Queen's Westminister Rifles reported that they couldn't convince the Germans to participate in a football game – perhaps because their officers had forbidden it, or because the ground was not really suitable, given the rough terrain and freezing conditions.
But in at least one instance, it seems there was a match, of sorts:
"On 1 January, 1915, The Times published a letter from a major in the Medical Corps reporting that in his sector, after the Saxons sung 'God Save the King' to 'our people', one of his men 'was given a bottle of wine to drink the King's health', following which his regiment 'actually had a football match with the Saxons, who beat them 3-2!!!'"
This is backed up by the war diaries for the German unit, 133 Saxon Regiment.
Hugo Klemm, of the same unit, remembered:
"Everywhere you looked, the occupants of the trenches stood about talking to each other and even playing football."
For Oberstleutnant Johannes Niemann, football wasn't the most memorable aspect of the truce:
"At our soccer match our privates soon discovered that the Scots wore no underpants under their kilts … (as) their behinds became clearly visible any time their skirts moved in the wind."
Yet, the whole affair doesn't seem to have been the grand get-together of the Sainsbury's advert though.
Instead, at least in one case, it was reputedly a "droll scene" that emerged after an impromptu joint chase of hares seen dashing out from amongst cabbages. (One assumes these men were hungry for more meat at this point).
A football was then furnished from something (presumably a cap or cap comforter, like the one described above, or possibly a sandbag) and caps themselves used as goalposts.
There is, though, no photographic evidence of this match.
Descendants of Great War veterans shake hands at the unveiling a Christmas Truce memorial (Picture: Alan Cleaver).
The Tank: A Hundred Years Strong
Another account, from Sergeant Bob Lovell of 3 London Rifles, said that he could "scarcely credit what (he had) seen and done", and that even if his side did lose, it was "indeed … a wonderful day".
Although Weintraub notes that actual, as opposed to makeshift, footballs were rare at this time, there are some reports of them being used.
One came from Kurt Zehmisch of 134 Saxons:
"Eventually the English brought a soccer ball from their trenches, and pretty soon a lively game ensued."
This, at least, seems to be a closer fit for the fictional rendition of the truces depicted in the Sainsbury's ad.
And that seems to be the overall point: that the kind of truces, the level of friendliness between participants, or even that truces occurred at all, was a mixed picture up and down line.
Not Just A WW1 Football Match
One letter in Morning Post spoke of bikes found among ruined houses being used for bicycle races, and Lieutenant R St John Richards, a Welch Fusilier, wrote that:
"I must say that to a casual onlooker it would have appeared that we were friends, not foes."
And Sergeant Major Frank Nadin of 6 Cheshire Regiment described one match as "a rare old jollification".
Yet, Captain Thomas Frost of 1 Cheshires wrote home about a football match and visits to the German lines in which plum puddings were swapped for sausages, whilst, simultaneously:
" … a desperate fight was going on during this (time) about 800 yards to our left between the French and the Germans."
And some encounters fell somewhere between these two extremes.
Private Mullard said in his letter home that men of his unit, the Rifle Brigade, had agreed to play a game of football with the Germans on Christmas Day and got a ball ready. But the match was blocked by their commanding officer, and so the British played amongst themselves.
In this case, Weintraub says the Germans still managed to join the British for tea and cocoa and some singing, until they were ordered back to their line when night fell. Then, Mullard recalled:
"Just after midnight you could hear, away on the right, the plonk-plonk of the bullets as they hit the ground, and we knew the game (as in, the war) had started again."
How The Christmas Truces Might Have Ended
Naturally, there were also those on both sides who wanted to shut the truces down. 1 Lancashire Fusiliers Lieutenant C E M Richards was ordered to fill in shell holes by his commander at battalion HQ, that way a football pitch could be established. But he refused.
And Obersleutnant* Gustav Riebensahm, a member of 2 Westphalians, said in his diary that he thought:
"The whole business is becoming ridiculous and must come to an end. I arranged with the 55th Regiment that the truce will end this evening."
(*A rank similar to Lieutenant Colonial, or a battalion commander, in a British unit).
And Phillip Maddison, who had seen behind the German lines, summed things up thus:
"Both sides were misled by half-truths. Each side was more inefficient than the other assumed. Beneath the artificial hatred each respected the other. Victory, if it came at all, would be long delayed, costly and worthless. Perhaps a football match, after which both sides went home, might be a better solution."
Yet Weintraub also points out that the credibility of some of these accounts should be questioned, as indeed do Brown and Seaton.
They likewise admit that there are some credible sounding accounts of at least one match with a proper football, such as that given by Ernie Williams of 6 Cheshires in a TV interview in 1983:
"The ball appeared from somewhere, I don't know where, but it came from their side – it wasn't from our side … They made up some goals and … it was just a general kickabout. I should think there were a couple of hundred taking part … Everybody seemed to be enjoying themselves. There was no ill-will between us … There was no referee, and no score, no tally at all. It was a simple melee … "
And that is the point. As Brown and Sloan point out, given the terrain, the linguistic barriers, the spontaneous and haphazard nature of things – men milling about randomly etc – a formal game of eleven a side seems highly unlikely.
Rather, if games did occur, they too were spontaneous, haphazard affairs with make-shift, substitute balls.
But football game or not, it's now been well established that the truce itself came out of a larger phenomenon known as 'live and let live'.
For example, historian Thomas Weber of the University of Aberdeen and has uncovered evidence that festive meetings continued after 1914.
This runs counter to the official narrative that the truce of 24 to 25 December 1914 was a one-off unique phenomenon not repeated as the war became increasingly brutal. Professor Weber has said:
"In the course of research for a previous book, I came across a surprising number of references to Christmas truces well beyond 1914".
He has been given access to a large collection of First World War family memories to research the topic. He discusses it in his book, 'Hitler's First War: Adolf Hitler, the Men of the List Regiment, and the First World War', as well as in another book he is currently working on.
One eye-witness account of a later truce he's cited is of Ronald MacKinnon, a Canadian soldier at Vimy Ridge during Christmas, 1916:
"I had quite a good Xmas considering I was in the front line… We had a truce on Xmas Day and our German friends were quite friendly.
"They came over to see us and we traded bully beef for cigars".
Official regimental records, for the Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry, said that the Germans tried to interact but that no one on the Canadian side responded.
Professor Weber said that, in fact, a large number of truces occurred at Christmas in 1916, despite the slaughter on the Somme that year, and despite officers recording, both then and at other times, that no such meetings took place:
"What we see is that, despite the difficulties they endured, soldiers never tried to stop fraternising with their opponents, not just during Christmas but throughout the year".
Indeed, it is entirely possible, and maybe likely, that in at least some instances, junior officers were involved in the truces.
They may have deliberately omitted from reports the fact that these meetings in no-man's-land had ever occurred.
In fact, Weber is backed up by the work of another researcher.
Covert peace-making during the First World War was detailed back in a 1980 book entitled 'Trench Warfare 1914-1918 The Live and Let Live System' by Tony Ashworth.
Since then, Ashworth's account of an elaborate system of checks and balances that evolved between both sides has been available to lend a more nuanced perspective to our understanding of the war.
Delving into materials from 98 per cent of the British divisions on the Western Front, Ashworth has shown how frontline soldiers "hated the sight of staff officers" (or "velvet arsed buggers"), held generals in contempt, and how this informed the truce system that developed.
Though Ashworth also cites soldiers who had more of a revisionist view of their commanders, such as one young officer who hid behind a trench dam and "let loose a 'mass of slime' and 'stinking sewage' upon an unsuspecting general and his staff walking up the trench".
The man later recanted: "The simple rule blame the corps commander would pass when one was young and ignorant but won't do as an historical verdict".
Others, he notes, realised that it was the job of commanders to keep themselves alive.
None the less, the truces still developed despite the High Command's edicts that they should not:
"It is no secret that the resentment of trench fighters towards high command was expressed in derisory and colourful language, but it is less well known that such resentment was also translated into subtle, collective action, which thwarted the high command trench war strategy".
In his introduction, Ashworth explains this system thus:
"Live and let live was a truce where enemies stopped fighting by agreement for a period of time: the British let the Germans live provided the Germans let them live in return".
The truces that developed were tacit and tit-for-tat in nature. As what he refers to as a bureaucracy of violence meted out from the top became more elaborate, so too did the truce systems as they evolved around official censure and measures to stop them.
First World War re-enactors at a modern football game honouring the memory of the 1914 Christmas Truce
Christmas Truce - The Tip Of The Iceberg?
At first, truces were more overt, and he explains that the 1914 Christmas Truce was a prominent example of this informal system coming out into the open.
In this sense, the 1914 Truce, he says, was like the tip of a much larger iceberg, and one that possibly emerged initially around tacit agreements not to shell each other during meal times.
At other times, verbal exchanges between those on opposing sides, such as this one between a German and British soldier, took place in no man's land:
"Hallo Tommee… Are you soon going home on leave?"
…"Are you going to London?"…
"Then call at 224 Tottenham Court Road and give my love to Miss Sarah Jones".
"I'll go all right and I'll jolly well . . . her".
When this kind of thing became more difficult, perfunctory fire (aiming high) might take it's place.
Or, more elaborate methods such as ritualised violence. This might involve firing the exact same number of shells at the exact same spot in the enemy line at the exact same time every day – thus enabling the enemy to avoid it.
Of course, not all units participated in all of this, and there was a contest between those who wanted to fight and those who didn't. Ashworth says that approximately one-third of British units were aggressive more or less all of the time, one third avoided aggressing the enemy whenever they could, and the final third varied in their levels of aggression.
For those who wanted to deescalate the violence, they sometimes found ways to punish trucebreakers on their own side. This could prove very difficult for mortar crews, who were big instigators of violence between both sides:
"…mortar crews faced inconsistent demands: high command ordered aggression, while the infantry expected conformity… high command's scrutiny was distant and intermittent, whereas… the infantry's scrutiny was instant and continuous… consequently, more mortars complied with live and let live than would otherwise have been the case."
The War That Set The Stage For World War One
The poor bloody infantry could be quite creative in how they discouraged mortar crews from fighting:
"Perhaps the most cutting affront endured by a mortar crew from an unsympathetic infantry occurred in the 41st division on whose front mortars had built new firing sites. A battalion history takes up the tale:
"'It so happened that on taking over one day our right front company found a beautifully sandbagged emplacement constructed just Old Kent Road. O.C. company, a keen opportunist… quickly transformed it into a new, palatial latrine, seeing that, as was no uncommon occurance, its predecessor had been put out of action by a minnie (a Minenwerfer, a type of German mortar.) Nothing could have cut poor Maconochie to the quick so effectively [the T. M. Officer]. Almost in tears he appeared [at battalion H.Q.] to obtain the colonel's intervention."
Later, as it became harder to sustain this kind of open rebellion, though Ashworth notes the in some cases the truces did continue until the end of the war.
Ashworth ends the opening of his book by saying that:
"Live and let live was endemic to trench warfare… it is an insufficiently researched aspect of the trench war; and… one can know neither how men endured the war nor the nature of the war experience, without also knowing how trench fighters controlled some conditions of their existence".
It appears that almost years on, Professor Weber is helping Ashworth to shed more light on this fascinating area of trench warfare.
Tommies Take The Mick: WWI Christmas Newspapers
Who Do I Think I Am? My Family's WW1 Story
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Well, it's the beginning of another month. So here are the silly holidays that you can mark on your calendar.
Sept. 5 – Be late for something day– Probably not the best idea to make that thing work. Just a suggestion.
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Sept. 19 – International Talk like a pirate Day– Seriously!!!! This is the coolest day! Aargh, me matey!
Sept. 21 – World Gratitude- For all you business owners out there…Send thank you notes to your customers and include a gift certificate!
Sept. 28 – Ask a stupid question day or Good Neighbour day– Today is the day to show your appreciation for the neighbour that has collected your mail or paper while you were gone, lent you power tools or was there when you needed them to take you to the hospital because of those power tools And it's not a stupid question to ask how the power tools work!
Hope you had a great summer and the fun continues into the Fall!


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Once upon a time gluten-free food was limited and hard to come by, with specialist brands and one-off health food shops doing much of the footwork for coeliac sufferers and others.
Happily, those days are behind us and major supermarkets are now suffuse with good quality, gluten-free options. Not only that, but the world of gluten-free cuisine has imploded online, with food bloggers from around the world racing to share their own creative gluten-free alternatives to dishes such as brownies, lasagne, cheesecake and pizza.
Unsurprisingly, Pinterest is one of the best places for inspiration, throwing open the world of gluten-free grub in all its delicious variety. We've picked some of the best, most hunger-inducing no-gluten photos and recipes from the site, below. Got your own suggestions? Scroll down to let us know in the comments section.
Breakfast like a king with this fabulous sweet potato creation featuring scrambled eggs, maple sausage, cherry tomatoes and avocado.
The lack of flour give these brownies a really rich, velvety taste. Satisfy your sweet tooth with their killer combination of chocolate chips, creamy peanut butter and natural cocoa.
Baked eggs in large portobello mushrooms with a smattering of parsley and grated Parmesan cheese makes for a top notch weekend brunch dish.
A cheesecake that's indulgent and healthy will always get the thumbs up from us. This recipe uses unsweetened coconut flour and actual coconut for the crust, with a filling of cream cheese, maple syrup and vanilla bean paste.
A quick and simple winner, this toned-down Croque Monsieur features gluten-free bread and says it contains 60% less calories than the traditional sandwich. The sauce features blended cauliflower and low-fat milk.
, with full-fat coconut milk in the cream.
Could a pizza this good-looking really be gluten-free? We hear you cry. Well yes it can. This lovely-looking slice of delight is crafted from gluten-free dough, Asiago cheese, fresh spinach and pepperoni.
Forget gluten-free pasta. This oozing, gooey bowl of goodness uses spaghetti squash in the place of pasta, along with red peppers, aubergines and mozzarella cheese.
Crepes, wonderful crepes are yours for the having - even if you do want them gluten-free. This quick and simple formula uses a combination of millet flour, white rice flour and sorghum flour.
Gluten-free pasty and a sweet potato filling forms the heart of this tart, which can be made with all manner of fillings from bacon and broccoli to tuna and green beans.


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50% Cotton / 50% Polyester Fleece. Preshrunk Fleece. Air jet yarn = softer feel and no pilling. Contrasting Jersey Lined Hood. Dark Grey Flat Drawcord and Twill Tape. Pouch pocket. Twin needle cuffs. 1 x 1 athletic rib with spandex. Quarter-turned to eliminate centre crease.
Quality seems good for the price. Sizes fit well.


The American Tea Party Movement, is a Conservative movement that seeks to "conserve" the most liberating, liberal revolution of all…..our American Revolution which set forth and unleashed the most individual freedom, individual liberty, and human advancement unmatched in the history of humanity. We hold as our central tenets, three core principles.
1) LIMITED CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT-which supports individual rights, individual liberty, property rights, and economic & personal freedom, as the foundational rule of law as per our U.S. Constitution and beloved Bill of Rights, as written. We believe our foundational law is meant to restrain the Government, and that the Federal Government's proper role is to protect our inalienable rights, not to infringe upon them.
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These three fundamental principles Form the basis for the American success story, and the concept of American Exceptionalism……….past, present, and future.


Hopper loves to putter around on the roof, and the other day she saw me in the bedroom while she was up there. She knows perfectly well how to get down (jump on tree, jump on fence, then jump to ground), but as soon as she saw me she immediately demanded to be let in through the window. This was never going to happen, since I know that if I did it once she would force me into screen-removing slavery for the rest of my life. However, it did provide an opportunity for catblogging fodder. At some point, Hilbert somehow got wind of what was going on, so he came up to see what the fuss was about. Hopper appears to be sharing a secret of some kind with him here, but what? No human will ever know.


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My compute goes to the screen to type in your password, name, and connect but I all I get is a white screen and can't send in any inputs to the server.
Clear your cache, give it a hard refresh when you're staring at that white screen.
I tried that and it didn't work. Is there any other way of fixing this?
Everyone else (including me) got that problem due to a file not being present when I restarted the webclient. Those of us who connected immediately after got this problem and we had to clear our cache to fix it.
Maybe try completely closing and restarting your browser if you can't otherwise lose the bad reference?


text:
Q: Producing a hyperplane in the vector space of all polynomials Given $P$, the vector space of all polynomials (over reals), I am supposed to come out with a hyperplane of $P$, and show that it is indeed a hyperplane.
Since a hyperplane is the same as a flat, I gave myself such example $p+M=\{p+q: q \text{ is in } M \}$ where  $M$ is a subspace of dimension $n-1$, so $M$ is spanned by basis elements say $(1,x,x^2,...,x^n-2)$. I am now supposed to show that indeed it is a hyperplane. I am thinking of showing that the vectors $1-x^{n-1}, x-x^{n-1},\ldots, x^{n-2}-x^{n-1}$ are linearly independent?
Does this solve the question? Or you think I have to do something different?

A: You have an $n$-dimensional vector space. You have a basis for said space. Hence you have an isomorphism between your space and $\mathbb{R}^n$. I imagine you can find a hyperplane in $\mathbb{R}^n$. So you should do so, and then pull it back to your space via the isomorphism.
The point is: There is only one $n$-dimensional real vector space (up to isomorphism), so you had might as well be looking at $\mathbb{R}^n$, the simplest avatar of it.
Of course you could solve this directly, but if you are getting confused by the fact that your vectors are polynomials, there is no point in not making it easier for yourself.

A: Let $V$ be a vector space. The kernel of any nonzero linear form on $V$ is a linear hyperplane. Any linear hyperplane is of this form. Two nonzero linear forms have the same kernel if and only if they are proportional. The set of linear hyperplanes in $V$ is thus canonically isomorphic to the set $P(V^*)$ of proportionality classes of nonzero linear forms on $V$.
If $f$ is a nonzero linear form on $V$, then $f^{-1}(1)$ is an affine nonlinear hyperplane. Any affine nonlinear hyperplane can be uniquely written in this way. The set of affine nonlinear hyperplanes in $V$ is thus canonically isomorphic to the set of nonzero linear forms on $V$.

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Коробово — деревня в Новодугинском районе Смоленской области России. Входит в состав Днепровского сельского поселения. Население — 20 жителей (2007 год).

Расположена в северо-восточной части области в 17 км к западу от Новодугина, в 14 км западнее автодороги  Смоленск — Дорогобуж — Вязьма — Зубцов, на берегу реки Каменка. В 19 км восточнее деревни расположена железнодорожная станция Новодугино на линии Вязьма — Ржев.

История
В годы Великой Отечественной войны деревня была оккупирована гитлеровскими войсками в октябре 1941 года, освобождена в марте 1943 года.

Примечания

Населённые пункты Новодугинского района

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Dr.'s Remedy nail care polish collection was founded by two podiatric surgeons. It is a leading collection of natural, nourishing nail polishes to nourish nails and help improve discoloured nails. Each product contains a blend of natural, non-toxic, organic and antiseptic ingredients which are not found in traditional polishes, including wheat protein, tea tree oil, garlic bulb extract and lavender, as well as vitamins C and E. 8-free nail polish with no formaldehyde, toluene and other harsh chemicals. Dr.'s Remedy is vegan friendly and contains a range of organic ingredients in the special formulation.


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Q: Arduino cannot compile variable named SP: "Expected ')' before '(' token" I'm working on a forward and inverse kinematic model for a project and can't seem to fix this error.
I am very new to classes in C++ and have only used them in python in the past so sorry if it's a stupid problem.
An extract of my code is below, which is everything involved in what seems to give the error. The line showing the error is labelled, I have no idea what is going on and I can't seem to fix it.
#include <Servo.h>

class Leg{
  public:
    //The class's variables that all functions for this class can use
    int PositionX;
    int PositionY;

    Servo Shoulder();
    Servo Elbow();

    Leg(int SP, int EP){ //-----------This line has the error!
      // This is the constructor function
      const int ShoulderPin = SP;
      const int ElbowPin = EP;
      PositionX = 0
      PositionY = 0

      Shoulder.attach(ShoulderPin);
      Elbow.attach(ElbowPin);
    }

    void GoTo(float DemandS, float DemandE) {
      // Sends this Leg to a certain position (could make this return a True when it is done)
      // Inputs are in degrees (chould change)
      Shoulder.write(DemandS);
      Elbow.write(DemandE);
    }
};

I have tried:
Giving the constructor function a variable type (void),
Moving the constructor out of the code block using Leg::Leg(....{.
Checking everywhere for any unclosed brackets, there are none.
Commenting out the Servo library and all of its uses.
I'd really appretiate any help as I feel like I've tried everything and must be missing something somewhere, contemplating doing this without classes, but it will be very annoying to do that. Thanks vey much :)

A: These two line:
Servo Shoulder();
Servo Elbow();

should probably be:
Servo Shoulder;
Servo Elbow;

i.e instantiating objects of type Servo rather than declaring functions that take no parameters and return a Servo object.
And from the comments it turns out that you shouldn't be using SP as a name here:
Leg(int SP, int EP)

so use something more like:
Leg(int this_is_for_this, int and_this_is_for_this_other_thing)

or use camel case or whatever is common in your code but be descriptive.

A: thanks everyone, you did come to a solution! Using m.m 's solution of changing SP and EP to foo and bar respectively worked. I'm not sure if foo and bar are special variables in c++ or if it is because SP has other meanings to the compiler, as user4581301 has suggested.
Thanks all for the help!
-Leon

A: You have run afoul of a Preprocessor Macro and will have to change the name of the variable. sp should be safe to use.
Do not use ALLCAPS for variable names. By convention ALLCAPS is reserved for constants and in early days of C the only way you could get a constant was with a preprocessor macro representing a literal. If you follow convention, the odds of one of your identifiers colliding with a macro and being substituted are dramatically reduced.
TL;DR Version
Somewhere in one of the Arduinio library header files there is something ultimately that looks something like
#define SP ((*(volatile unsigned int *)0xNN)

that takes NN, a number representing the offset of the SP register, and turns it into something a C or C++ program can use more easily. This is so that you can look at the current Stack pointer if you want to (probably for debugging).
#defines are simple text substitution. When SP is found, it is replaced with ((*(volatile unsigned int *)0xNN). So
Leg(int SP, int EP)

is transformed after you see it into
Leg(int ((*(volatile unsigned int *)0xNN), int EP)

before the compiler sees it. The compiler can't parse that mess, so you get an error message that doesn't match the code you wrote. Much fun ensues.
This sounds like a nightmare, and it can be, but sometimes macros are the best tool for the job. Here is more on macros and how to use them without falling into the more common traps: Why are preprocessor macros evil and what are the alternatives??
The simplest thing you can do is adhere to convention and never use ALLCAPS identifiers except when defining a macro. If you use sp instead of SP you're probably safe.
Digging through preprocessor output of some old Arduino code I find
#define SP _SFR_IO16(0x3D)

Which leads to
#define _SFR_IO16(io_addr) _MMIO_WORD((io_addr) + __SFR_OFFSET)

and to
#define _MMIO_WORD(mem_addr) (*(volatile uint16_t *)(mem_addr))

So my initial guess is off by a little bit, but the result is the same.


We are a Christian clogging studio, offering recreational and competitive clogging, in central Indiana. We have cloggers that range in age from 5-65. We start new beginner lessons throughout the year. Experienced dancers are always welcome to drop by and see if this is the team for them. We do compete at 2- 3 competitions a year in Indiana, Ohio, and Kentucky. Hearts Ablaze performs all over central Indiana especially during the summer. Contact us today if clogging interests you.
Hearts Ablaze provides quality clogging lessons for anyone 5 and older. We are a fun, family-oriented environment open to all.


Brent drove President & Sis. F. to the airport at 7:00 am – they have a Mission President's Seminar in Frankfurt. On the way back, he dropped the car off at the garage for servicing. We took some pictures of the almond tree next door – it's in blossom and it's awesome. The garage called to say the car was ready so the Assts. drove Brent down to pick it up. Someone from Finance in the States called asking if we had received the new bank cards for the missionaries – so we can expect some changes in our accounting I should think. Work-wise it was a very good day for me. With very few interruptions I was able to get a lot of cleaning out of files done (still not finished though) and subsequently lots of shredding done. The Assts. came home with their tail between their legs – they had parked illegally down at one of the missionaries' apartments and when they came out they found the police had removed their license plates!!! That's what they do here – take the plates and you don't get them back for 10 days and there is a 40 euro fine as well!!!


text:
Farida Pasha (August 21, 1952 – January 16, 2021) was an Indonesian actress who starred in more than fifty films, many in the horror genre, including  (1977),  (1981),  (2012), and The Secret: Suster Ngesot Urban Legend (2019). However, Pasha was best known to audiences for her role as Mak Lampir, the main villain in the television series, Misteri Gunung Merapi (Mystery of Mount Merapi), from 1998 to 2005.

Pasha was born in Tasikmalaya, West Java, on August 21, 1952.

Farida Pasha was initially hospitalized for vertigo and early stage pneumonia, but soon tested positive for COVID-19. She died from complications of COVID-19 at Tarakan Hospital in Jakarta on January 16, 2021, at the age of 68. She was survived by her daughter, Gina Sonia, and granddaughter, singer Ify Alyssa.

References

External links

1952 births
2021 deaths
Indonesian actresses
Indonesian television actresses
Indonesian film actresses
Sundanese people
People from Tasikmalaya
Actresses from West Java
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia


text:
Lazar Anić (ur. 14 grudnia 1991) – serbski lekkoatleta specjalizujący się w skoku w dal i trójskoku.

Dziesiąty zawodnik mistrzostw Europy w Amsterdamie (2016). Na początku 2017 zajął 6. miejsce podczas halowego czempionatu Starego Kontynentu w Belgradzie. W tym samym roku nie awansował do finału światowego czempionatu w Londynie.

Stawał na najwyższym stopniu podium mistrzostw krajów bałkańskich.

Wielokrotny złoty medalista mistrzostw Serbii oraz reprezentant kraju na drużynowych mistrzostwach Europy.

Rezultaty

Rekordy życiowe
 skok w dal (stadion) – 8,15 (27 maja 2017, Slovenska Bistrica)
 skok w dal (hala) – 7,98 (3 marca 2017, Belgrad)
 trójskok (stadion) – 15,24 (26 lipca 2015, Sremska Mitrovica)
 trójskok (hala) – 15,30 (13 lutego 2016, Nowy Sad)

Bibliografia
 Profil zawodnika na stronie World Athletics  [dostęp 19 marca 2023].

Serbscy skoczkowie w dal
Serbscy trójskoczkowie
Urodzeni w 1991


text:
LGBT Center strives to improve gender inclusiveness on campus
Jasmine Gallup, Staff Reporter
Recent national controversy over how schools should treat transgender students and national conversations about the rights of transgender people has prompted Case Western Reserve University to plan a University Center for Innovation in Teaching and Education (UCITE) session, "Supporting Transgender Students."
CWRU has a history of supporting the LGBT community, having been named one of the top 25 LGBT-friendly universities in 2013 by Campus Pride. More recently, CWRU is developing Gender Inclusive Housing in the North Residential Village. The UCITE session on supporting transgender students is primarily meant to deal with the question of what further efforts can be made.
CWRU is largely compliant with the Departments of Education and Justice's "Dear Colleague Letter on Transgender Students" published in May 2016, which outlines how Title IX protects students from discrimination on the basis of gender identity.
The letter includes guidance for schools to ensure nondiscrimination towards transgender students by preventing and penalizing sex-based harassment, having "school staff and contractors use pronouns and names consistent with a transgender student's gender identity" and allowing transgender students to participate in sex-segregated activities and have access to sex-segregated facilities in accordance with their gender identities. The details of how to enact these policies, however, are left to the schools themselves. Still, some faculty and staff have questions on how to implement these federal policies.
"The most common questions we receive regarding supporting transgender students," said the LGBT Center, "are surrounding names, pronouns and how to navigate those types of conversations. Many faculty want to be able to ask for pronouns without singling a student out in class."
The LGBT Center's solution to this problem has been enacted in many classes: Professors pass out note cards on the first day of class and ask students to write down their years, majors, preferred names and gender pronouns.
"Leaving space to share allows individuals to come out if they'd like without forcing them to pick pronouns if they feel uncomfortable," said the LGBT Center. This is something they recommend to many professors who come in with this question.
While the LGBT Center has an expansive list of resources, it's tough to educate people who don't come through their doors. The LGBT Center said, "Sometimes, the toughest part of creating equitable learning environments has to do with addressing unconscious bias on campus…. It's tough to influence people who literally don't know what they don't know."
"When the burden of explanation continually falls on the transgender students, they become the educator and sometimes have to navigate invasive or inappropriate questions," said the LGBT Center, speaking of students being misgendered by faculty or staff. "When this happens on a regular basis, the students have less time and energy to commit to academic success and personal growth."
Other challenges the LGBT Center is trying to resolve include ensuring that a student's preferred name is consistent throughout the Student Information System, email and class rosters, making gender-inclusive bathrooms available throughout campus and ensuring that surveys or forms students have to fill out consistently include options for gender beyond male or female.
Mulan (2020): A mess of hollow representation and real-world controversy
Yung Gravy talks about the message he wants his listeners to take away from his music
"Phineas and Ferb the Movie: Candace Against the Universe" is a blast from the past
Pet adoption rates rise during COVID-19
"Community" is now on Netflix: A brief review
Lakhiani: Ethical shopping doesn't exist under Capitalism
Giri: China's pursuit of global domination is larger and faster than we really think
Escúchanos - "Listen to Us" Narratives from Latinx/Hispanic CWRU students
Our Most Recent Issue!
What do you want us to cover?
Leave your comments below!
Sorority sisters start recruitment information podcast
Unmasked app helps students with their mental health
How chemical engineering can help you make the perfect turkey
Controversy surrounding club recognition of Case for Life through Division of Student Affairs
Analyzing the aftermath of the election
Brandon Chrostowski, EDWINS Leadership and Restaurant Institute CEO and founder, speaks on film "Knife Skills"
New COVID-19 tests for those on campus
Engineering design beyond the equations
"I'm Possible with Joshua Rivedal" event from NAMI


text:
Carmel Valley native to appear on popular TV show 'Criminal Minds'
By Rob LeDonne
Jamie Bock
( / Courtesy photo)
It's a Monday afternoon in Los Angeles, and Jamie Bock was in a good mood. "Things have been moving pretty quickly," she said. "I'm just starting to get used to it."
Bock, a native of Carmel Valley and a 2008 graduate of Francis Parker, was excited because she was recently booked as a guest star on the drama series "Criminal Minds," the hit CBS show that focuses on FBI analyzers and is now in its 10th highly rated season.
"In acting, some people book roles very fast and then it takes a while, while others may have to wait," said Bock. "I feel like this is one moment in my career where everything lined up nicely. I'm trying to take it in stride."
Bock came into her own growing up in North County, hanging out at the Del Mar Highlands Town Center or acting in productions at Francis Parker School. She had a passion for acting, despite being, at the time, the "one or two people at the school" who were really into theater.
After graduation, she headed to New York City to attend New York University's prestigious Tisch School of the Arts. While there, Bock also studied her craft at the Atlantic Theater Company and earned stellar reviews in a variety of off-Broadway productions.
Upon finishing school, Bock was planning a move to Los Angeles but was still in New York when she landed an audition with "Criminal Minds."
"I was originally nervous because I wasn't living in Los Angeles, where the show tapes," Bock said. "I asked if I could send my audition on tape instead of meeting in person, and I was shocked that they said yes. When I arrived in Los Angeles, I went from the airport to the callback."
Bock later found out she landed the "juicy role" of a widow whose husband's death is being investigated, and couldn't believe her luck. "I was driving when I got the call that I got the role," she recalled. "I had to pull over!"
On set, Bock said that she was welcomed with open arms by the cast and crew. "They're like a big family," she said. "I never felt out of place or anything. It was a wonderful experience."
Throughout the process, Bock noted the work ethic of the series regulars, including Matthew Gray Gubler, who also happened to direct Bock's episode. "The cast and crew are constantly on the go," she said. "I'm amazed at how they do it."
As for Bock, she is also on the go. In addition to her plum role on "Criminal Minds," she's also appearing in the upcoming independent film "Me & Lizzie," alongside cast members from shows such as "Orange Is the New Black" and "It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia."
Bock is also proud of her alma mater. "I recently went back to visit Francis Parker and saw their nice, new dance building and theater," she said. "It was beautiful."
Catch Bock on CBS's "Criminal Minds" at 9 p.m. Wednesday, April 22.
San Diego Symphony to debut special 2021 digital season
The orchestra, led by music director Rafael Payare, continues to pivot online as the coronavirus pandemic extends the shuttering of live concert events
Old Globe's new play festival celebrates Black, Latino voices
The eighth annual Powers New Voices Festival will feature a dozen works by both local and national playwrights
Chabad course in RSF explores life, death and the afterlife
This winter, Rabbi Levi Raskin of Chabad Jewish Center in Rancho Santa Fe will offer Journey of the Soul, a new six-session course by the acclaimed Rohr Jewish Learning Institute (JLI) that will answer a question which has occurred to every self-reflective person: What happens when we die?
Solana Beach scholar earns prestigious national award
A Solana Beach scholar and native of Oaxaca, Mexico, has earned a place in the prestigious national Ronald B.
'Transforming Your Mind and Transcending Limitations' program to be presented Jan. 19
A talk on "Transforming Your Mind and Transcending Limitations" will be presented by Del Mar Community Connections at 3:30 p.m.


Posted by: Karen E. Davison, Ph.D.
When choosing a horse feed, looking at the guaranteed analysis can help you determine if the nutrition content of that feed is appropriate for the age and activity level of your horse. You would think that two products both contain 14% protein, 6% fat, etc. would be pretty much the same feed. However, products with similar guaranteed analyses may be manufactured using different formulation strategies and result in very different feeds. This can affect the nutritional value for your horse. The most common formulation strategies are "least-cost" formulas and "fixed" or "locked" formulas. Both strategies have benefits and drawbacks. For premium horse feeds, Purina uses "constant nutrition" formulation, a more nutritionally accurate formulation.
Least-cost formulation allows a manufacturer to adjust the ingredients in the formula based on cost. As long as the formula still meets the guaranteed analysis, the manufacturer can change ingredients used in the formula. In some circumstances, the different ingredients don't change the effectiveness of the diet, so it makes sense to meet the nutritional needs of the animal in the least expensive way. There would be no benefit to making a more expensive ration to achieve the same results. For instance, if you are feeding cattle and being paid for weight gain and a least-cost formula will not change the rate of gain or feed efficiency of the cattle, but will be less expensive to feed, then that just makes good business sense.
However, in some cases, especially when feeding horses, a major change in ingredients can dramatically alter the effectiveness of the diet, even when the nutrient levels don't change. A good example of this is substituting cottonseed meal for soybean meal in a diet for growing horses. Soybean meal and cottonseed meal may both have similar total protein content and could be interchangeable in a formula to meet the protein guarantee. However, cottonseed meal does not provide the same quality of protein as soybean meal to support growth. So, in this case, the least-cost formula may be less expensive per ton but the loss in animal performance and growth will negate any cost savings. In addition to potential for reduced performance, there is always the potential for reduced palatability and digestive upset in horses when large shifts in ingredients occur in their feed.
With fixed or locked formulas, the same ingredients and amounts are used every time the feed is made, regardless of price or nutritional variation of those ingredients. This sounds like the most consistent way to make horse feed; however, there is a significant drawback. All ingredients, even high-quality ingredients, have variation in nutritional content. For instance, all oats will not have the same protein or mineral content. If the formula is completely locked and does not take into account the nutritional content of individual ingredients, the level of nutrition in the finished product will vary.
Horses do benefit from consistency in their diets, but they don't have specific requirements for certain ingredients. Ingredients provide nutrients the horse needs. So, while a fixed formula allows for the same amount of ingredient in every bag, it may not offer the same level of nutrition. For example, a horse feed made of 49% oats, 20% beet pulp, 16% corn, 8% alfalfa and 7% soybean meal would average 14% protein, using the average book values for these ingredients. However, with typical variations in protein content of these ingredients, the end product could range from 12.4% to 21.1% protein. Other nutrient levels will vary as well. While a fixed formula does insure a consistent ingredient profile, it won't provide the most consistent level of nutrition for the horse.
"Constant Nutrition" formulation is a key component of the Purina® FeedGuard® Nutrition System. This strategy provides consistent, reliable nutrition in every bag of premium Purina® horse feed. Under the Purina® FeedGuard® Nutrition System, stringent quality standards are set for ingredients purchased only from an approved list of suppliers that meet those strict criteria. Then, when ingredients arrive at a manufacturing facility, they are inspected, sampled and analyzed for nutrient levels. This is more accurate than using published book values or supplier averages for nutrient levels of ingredients. If an ingredient is approved, then the tested nutritional content is entered into the formulation system, which then makes small adjustments in amounts of ingredients to maintain consistent nutrient concentrations in the finished product. There are strict restrictions for how much adjustment is allowed to ensure consistency in formulation. For example, the amount of soybean meal may be adjusted slightly to compensate for lower protein in another ingredient, but cottonseed meal could not be substituted for soybean meal. This formulation strategy ensures that horses receive the most consistent nutrition possible, and that horse owners get exactly what they pay for.


Another year, another 48 weeks of madness, and bizarrely different sets of madness than last year! You're all invited to come in for the SMD Season Finale, this Friday, as we look back at 2014 before moving onto the next year. Time has flied, hasn't it?
Just like last week's show it may be longer than your average show (depending on the tracks of course - it's still not concrete!), and not only will we be going through the tracks that rocked the worlds of both myself and the general listeners throughout the year, but we will also be seeing a handful of memorable highlights throughout the year.
Got any fond memories or messages you want to share and see read out on the night? Drop me a line on Twitter (include the hashtag #SEGAMixerDrive) and I will get it for you.
The reason why the playlist isn't quite set in stone is because of one last thing - the 2014 In Review Autumn Poll, which closes right when the show begins. The response has already been phenomenal through all four polls so far, but the more responses the merrier - just go click here and state what you felt were your favorite 10 new releases from the past 6 weeks. Just like the other 3 polls, the top 3 tracks from the public will automatically go through to tomorrow's show.
Wow... my body's caving in on the inside already just typing this. It's been a beautiful year!
It's gonna be party time with a retrospective on SEGA Mixer Drive - coming live every Friday night at 9PM UK time (4PM EDT / 1PM PDT / 10PM CET) on RadioSEGA!


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text:
Q: Does Gus have psychic powers? When Gus falls asleep in the field of purple flowers, he sees a vision of his father, who urges him to continue on his journey. This could be a regular hallucination provoked by the flowers, or a dream that he had while unconscious, but he also sees a vision of General Abbot with glowing flames for eyes, addressing him by name and saying that he will see him soon. At this point, Gus does not seem to have either met or seen General Abbot.
Further, Gus shows the ability to calm a tiger simply by speaking to it. This does not seem to be related to him being a deer—in fact, quite the contrary, since tigers should if anything want to eat deer. He also seems to attract deer to  him, although this could be attributed to something slightly more mundane, such as him smelling like a deer.
Does Gus, in addition to his deer-related abilities (acute senses, primarily), have mental powers?


text:
Achin Vanaik is a writer and social activist, a former professor at the University of Delhi and Delhi-based Fellow of the Transnational Institute, Amsterdam. He is the author of numerous books, including The Painful Transition: Bourgeois Democracy in India and The Rise of Hindu Authoritarianism.
The Rise of Hindu Authoritarianism
by Achin Vanaik
The Debate on Postcolonial Theory and the Specter of Capital
Edited by Vivek Chibber and Rosie Warren
The Painful Transition
Hindu Authoritarianism and Agrarian Distress
To defeat populist-nationalist forms of communal authoritarianism we have to fight against more than just communalism.
Marxism and Nationalism
Achin Vanaik surveys a large body of theories of the nation and nationalism, and considers them in the context of contemporary India.
Is Hindu Communalism Fascism?
From part three of The Rise of Hindu Authoritarianism, Achin Vanaik's proposed framework for evaluating contemporary authoritarianism and nationalism.


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D'Angelo Russell started his NBA career in the Nike Kobe X.
Rookies shined in their NBA regular season debuts on Wednesday, with Philadelphia 76ers center Jahlil Okafor leading the way with 26 points. But the Duke University product wasn't the only first year player to make an impact in his first career regular season game.
Although the 76ers lost to the Boston Celtics 112-95, Okafor's 26 points in 38 minutes led the team. The center – who hit the court in the Nike Kobe X Elite – also had seven rebounds.
While Okafor had the most points from a rookie on Wednesday, another Duke alum had arguably the biggest show-stopping moment in his debut. Justise Winslow, the Adidas-sponsored forward for the Miami Heat, threw down a left-handed dunk over three Charlotte Hornets players surrounding the basket with authority. Winslow, who wore the Adidas D Rose 773 shoes on the court, finished with 5 points in 26 minutes played.
New York Knicks forward Kristaps Porzingis, who was declared a draft bust before ever stepping on the court, had the second highest scoring total for the team in its 122-97 win over the Milwaukee Bucks, scoring 16 points in 24 minutes. Porzingis was spotted wearing the Nike Kobe X Elite on the court, a shoe he announced he would wear on his Twitter page on Saturday.
Aside from rookies Okafor, Porzingis – and, of course, veteran Kobe Bryant – the second overall pick in the 2015 draft D'Angelo Russell hit the court in not one but two pairs of the Nike Kobe X shoe. Russell, who started for the Los Angeles Lakers and scored 4 points in his debut, wore a low gray and white version of the shoe as well as a purple and yellow high version.
D'Angelo Russell in his first NBA regular season game in the Kobe X Elite.
The first overall pick in the 2015 draft, Karl-Anthony Towns, hit the court in Nike, a brand he signed with back in August. Towns dropped 14 points in the win over the Lakers.
Under Armour-sponsored baller Emmanuel Mudiay, who signed with the brand while playing basketball in China, scored 17 points for the Denver Nuggets in their upset win over the Houston Rockets. He hit the court in a Nuggets-inspired colorway of the brand's ClutchFit Drive 2 shoe.
Emmanuel Mudiay makes his regular season debut in the Under Armour ClutchFit Drive Low 2.
Which NBA Player Is Next to Land a Signature Shoe Deal?


text:
Q: Питон, разбитие текста на строки Прошу помощи, имею вывод, например
['Отвертка трещоточная с набором бит (636120)', 'Паста-смывка 200мл (973515-4002)', 'Разрушитель ржавчины (973520-4500)', 'Очиститель тормозов (973520-0650)', 'очки защитные Классик (GL-01010)', 'перчатки (PGT-020)', 'GW40 210мл (973520-3210)']

Нужно этот текст превратить в построчный вывод, вот так:
Отвертка трещоточная с набором бит (636120)
Паста-смывка 200мл (973515-4002)
Разрушитель ржавчины (973520-4500)
Очиститель тормозов (973520-0650)
очки защитные Классик (GL-01010)
перчатки (PGT-020)
GW40 210мл (973520-3210)

Элементов может быть разное количество, которое заведомо неизвестно. Прошу помочь кодом на питоне. Спасибо.

A: d = ['Отвертка трещоточная с набором бит (636120)', 'Паста-смывка 200мл (973515-4002)', 'Разрушитель ржавчины (973520-4500)', 'Очиститель тормозов (973520-0650)', 'очки защитные Классик (GL-01010)', 'перчатки (PGT-020)', 'GW40 210мл (973520-3210)']
for a in d:
    print(a)

сделано простым перебором списка

A: Вариант без циклов:
d = ['Отвертка трещоточная с набором бит (636120)', 'Паста-смывка 200мл (973515-4002)', 'Разрушитель ржавчины (973520-4500)', 'Очиститель тормозов (973520-0650)', 'очки защитные Классик (GL-01010)', 'перчатки (PGT-020)', 'GW40 210мл (973520-3210)']
print('\n'.join(d))


This week, we have a planet (Mercury) turning retrograde, a planet (Venus) turning direct, and a planet (Mars) changing signs. We also have Jupiter and the lunar nodes at zero degrees, with Mars joining in later in the week.
We start the week on Monday, with the Moon in Capricorn — which together with Pluto and the asteroid Vesta — is besieged by Saturn and Mars. In general, the Capricorn Moon sets the tone for getting serious about our goals, our responsibilities and our reputations. It's a time for looking at what's important in our lives and getting rid of what is not.
When we say the Moon is 'besieged," we mean that it is caught between Saturn and Mars. Although some classical astrologers specify this as valid only between Mars applying to Saturn, it may be important to watch how this manifests in the world around us. In this scenario, the Moon will become the focal point of a t-square involving Venus and Uranus before it leaves the Mars / Saturn confinement (on Tuesday).
This is a Cardinal t-square, which is generally more active and assertive. But with the fast-moving Moon as the focal point, it won't be necessarily long-lasting. Even so, it can manifest as relationship confrontations, especially where one party desires more closeness and the other is longing to break free.
Mars takes center stage on Thursday, with an inconjunct to the North Node and a sextile to Uranus, just as it leaves Aquarius behind and moves into Pisces. Starting with the Mars / Node aspect, which semi-sextiles the South Node at the same time; this transit can be somewhat sobering. The inconjunct to the North Node can see you feeling out of step with your goals and frustrated by what feels like questionable timing. The semi-sextile to the South Node can see you feeling apprehensive or even melancholy.
The sextile to Uranus is a high-energy aspect that can offset some of that more somber Mars / Node energy. It can see you feeling like you can succeed in anything you set your sites on, especially as Mars and Uranus are still in mutual reception. There's not a lot of forethought there; it's all action, energy and innovation. It's moving forward in leaps and bounds, breaking through whatever has held you back in the past and pushing past limitations.
Things change dramatically though, later in the day, when Mars moves into Pisces. Mars in Pisces is sensitive, romantic, idealistic and intuitive. It's a gentle and accommodating placement that prefers to go with the flow rather than make waves.
The astrological symbol for Pisces is the "bundled fishes," i.e. two fish swimming in opposite directions — one swimming toward God and one swimming away from God. This refers to the entire spectrum of extremes that are seen with this archetype — from victims to saviors, preachers to drug addicts, nuns to prostitutes, and so on.
Mars is not entirely comfortable in Pisces and may find itself floundering in this sign. It may be lacking in confidence or struggling with feelings of inadequacy. It's idealistic and altruistic, but may also be gullible, misguided or delusional. But this is a naturally a very spiritual archetype that strives to see the good in others and to live up to its own higher ideals.
On Friday, the Moon's "mean' Nodes move into Cancer / Capricorn, just as Venus turns stationary direct. With respect the nodes changing signs; we addressed this last week when the true Nodes did the same. As the Nodes are naturally retrograde, they move through the zodiac in reverse order, completing a full cycle in roughly 19 years.
In a nutshell, and to reiterate the information posted here last week: the Cancer / Capricorn axis shifts our focus from the need to balance Me vs. Us contradictions (which were present during the Leo / Aquarius cycle) to Home and Family vs. Career and Public Persona divergences.
With Venus moving forward again, you might start to notice a shift in energy related to all things Venusian — especially love and romance. Relationships that started during this period — as well as romantic attractions that were sparked — will be seen in a whole new light.
As Venus moves forward you may be asking yourself whether your relationships will do the same. During the retrograde cycle, you may have been tying up loose ends in a relationship that was on its last legs, or you may have been compelled to reach out and reconnect with a lover from your past. But now you're moving your energy away from the past and back toward the present and future. You'll be thinking about which direction you want to take your relationships from this point forward as well.
Where does Venus fall in your natal chart and what houses does it rule? (You may need to speak with an astrologer if you're unsure about that). Venus rules two signs — Taurus and Libra — and the houses with these signs on the cusp will be activated by its change in direction. This will add other dimension to the impact of this transit and how it will affect you personally.
No sooner than Venus turns direct though, Mercury does the opposite: it goes retrograde (on Saturday). And where Venus was (is) dignified by sign, Mercury is debilitated. It's not happy in Sagittarius, nor is it comfortable when retrograde. But despite all the dire warnings we hear, Mercury retrograde is certainly not all bad.
Everyone who knows anything about astrology seems to know a little about Mercury retrograde. In general it means that Mercury-ruled things go a little haywire. Communications tend to run amok, plans get turned on their head, communications devices (computers, electronics, cell-phones, etc) and written communications (emails, texts, letters, etc.) get lost or misconstrued. It's not a good time to sign contracts or legal documents and not a good time to purchase Mercury-ruled items (automobiles, televisions, computers and so on).
The good news is that the world really does keep on turning when Mercury goes retrograde. People do fall in love, get married, have babies, win lotteries. In other words, the "unexpected" is not always such a bad thing. So expect the unexpected, and be on the lookout for a few curveballs to be thrown your way — as well as some unanticipated gifts and surprises — over the next three weeks.


text:
namespace utils
{
void enableVertaxAttribPointer(GLuint index,
                               GLsizei size,
                               GLenum type,
                               GLboolean normalized,
                               GLsizei stride,
                               GLuint offset);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Buick is one of America's oldest car brands, with a rich tradition of style and innovation that dates back more than a century. Though recognized for catering to retirement-age car buyers with its full-size sedans, Buick's lineup now includes SUVs and sport sedans designed to attract younger buyers to the Buick brand. At Absolute Shine, we work on all Buick models, including Regal, LaCrosse, Enclave, Encore, Verano, and Cascada.
Whether you need frame straightening, a paint job, or dent and scratch repair for your Buick, Absolute Shine in Monte Vista will perform every auto body repair to exacting standards using the highest-quality parts, tools, and materials. We invest in state-of-the-art diagnostics so we can accurately determine what needs to be done to your Buick, and we ensure all our technicians undergo continuous training to stay up to date with the latest Buick technology.
With top-of-the-line customer service, certified technicians, and high-quality collision and auto body repairs, we are committed to getting you and your Buick back on the road and back to your life as soon as possible.


ECOS worked closely with a Columbian architect and Panamanian educators to plan and design educational components, environmental graphics, donor recognition systems, and the overall visitor experience for Mundo Jaguar. The exhibit sits within the 185 acre Summit Park, Panama's national zoo and botanic garden.
The bilingual self-guided interpretive program covers a mix of natural and cultural history storylines. Interactive "hands-on/mind-on" features enhance the signage program; a variety of activity stations further create a lively environment for all ages. Visitors can climb, jump and balance like a jaguar; a jaguar stalk trail encourages users with prompts related to jaguar hunting strategies; the trail ends with a surprise attack on a non-suspecting capybera sculpture.


text:
Education Health The Putnam Examiner
Mahopac Students, Teachers Save Boy from Choking
November 22, 2021 February 22, 2022 Rick Pezzullo Mahopac, Mahopac Middle School
William, a sixth-grader at Mahopac Middle School, was walking through the hallway with a friend during change of class on Friday, Nov. 12 when the friend suddenly stopped and started motioning toward his throat. Then the boy's face turned red, and a terrified look came over him.
Mahopac Middle School teachers Michael DiLeo and Jenifer Maloney stand with sixth graders Abby and William who alerted the adults that a boy was choking
Thinking fast, William ran into a classroom, where Jenifer Maloney was preparing to teach her MMS Success class and Michael DiLeo was gathering his things after teaching a Spanish class.
"Help, Help," William yelled. "My friend is choking!"
Maloney has taught in the Mahopac Central School District for 22 years and, like all teachers, has had training in life saving. DiLeo, a first-year teacher in Mahopac, had also received training when he worked as a lifeguard.
"We looked at each other and just said, 'Ok, here we go,'" DiLeo recalled.
Maloney quickly jumped into action. She grabbed the boy and tried to perform the Heimlich maneuver, wrapping her arms around him and pushing her fist into his abdomen. The Lifesaver that was blocking his windpipe remained lodged in the boy's throat.
"He had his backpack on, and it didn't work," Maloney said. "It was terrifying."
She pulled the boy's backpack off and asked DiLeo to step in while she directed the other students out of the classroom and into the gym.
With the backpack removed, DiLeo tried the Heimlich again, and this time, the boy started breathing.
"The Lifesaver didn't pop out," DiLeo said. "It moved enough so he could breathe, though."
The minute the child could catch his breath, he began to calm down.
It had all happened so fast that the teachers did not even notice 11-year-old Abby was in the classroom. When she heard the commotion, Abby did not stop to ask permission. She just ran to the school nurse's office to get help.
"Someone's choking," Abby yelled to the nurse.
When asked how she knew to get the nurse, Abby said: "It was instinct."
Abby and the school nurse ran back to the classroom. By the time they got there, the boy was already breathing again. Then the Sheriff's deputy arrived and transported him to Putnam Hospital Center where he was soon released.
"It felt like it took forever," Maloney said. "But it was probably really just seconds."
Scott Sterbens, the boy's father, said he knew all was well when he got to the hospital and saw his son smiling.
"The school was fantastic," Sterbens said. "The teachers deserve as much credit as they can get. You never know how you're going to react in a situation like that, but the teachers definitely did exactly what they were supposed to do. Even the 11-year-olds knew not to wait, just run and tell someone. We really want to thank everybody that was involved."
The boy, who the district is not naming for privacy reasons, posted on Snapchat thanking his friends, teachers, first responders and others who came to his rescue.
Fast Start to Flu Season Predicted
September 6, 2019 David Propper
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First Time Candidate Eyes District 7 Leg. Seat
June 6, 2018 David Propper


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This is what ketchup is suppose to taste like! Made with Stevia versus sugar, our ketchup has a robust flavour of tomatoes and has only 1 g of carbohydrates per 30ml(2tbsp) serving . Our spicy ketchup has touch of scotch bonnets from Jamaica, giving it a lovely pepper flavour and heat but not too much for everyone to enjoy!


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Category: Intuition
When our hearts become impenetrable
On May 13, 2021 May 13, 2021 By aconstanttlearnerIn Acceptance, Anxiety, Betrayal, Challenges, adversity, Character, Compassion, Corona Virus, Covid 19, Deception, dehumanization, Depression, Dignity, Disappointment, EGO, Empathy, Fear, friendship, Healing, Herd mentality, honesty, Human nature, humanity, humility, Integrity, introspection, Intuition, life, Loneliness, Loss, Love, Mental Health, Mob Mentality, Morals, Narcissism, Negativity, Pain, Philosophy, pride, purpose, Relationships, Selfishness, Social Media, Tribalism, twitter18 Comments
The last few weeks have been nothing short of a psychological study for me on twitter. I did not set out to do one, but psychology found me, swept me up in this whirlwind of human need, and I simply could not just watch it all happen and ignore it.
Throughout this whole process, I have screamed, I have ached and cried inconsolably. I have laughed, felt overjoyed, been loved and rejected all at once within the same day. I have despaired and felt waves of stormy anger and frustration engulf me whole. I have been reminded by well-intended friends that social media is a tricky and ferocious animal to handle; that none of it is real and nothing is what it seems, and yet, this advice came at the hands of those who breathe in social media the moment they wake up and do not stop to exhale its poisonous, dubious air until their head hits that pillow. Any advice is rendered ineffective if those giving it conduct themselves in a way that disproves their own wisdom. Of course Social Media is real; a parallel reality it may be, but a reality nevertheless. Its deceitful, pantomime-like and bordering on sinister dark corners, often remind me of a Venetian Carnival where people hide behind the most alluring and exquisite of masks to reinvent themselves and step beyond the boundaries of what they would never contemplate doing or saying in real life. The mask however does not alter the person behind it, not really. It may appear so for a while, but eventually one can truly see the gaze behind the glamour and the glitter; the cracks seeping out past traumas, deep hurts and weakening fears that though deeply hidden, betray our newly found identity & automatically exclude us from the romanticism and Utopian mirage of the Masquerade Ball.
There is much that remains a mystery to me about human behaviour, but I have been able to draw some conclusions from my interaction with a number of people on twitter. Most of all, I have been able to find truth as we often do, by simply stepping away and like a fly on a wall, watch it all unfold; letting individuals show their true character and betray their own perceived integrity when they thought no one was really paying any attention.
I have learnt that at an age when we have all the gadgets and the gizmos, when we can be on the other side of the world on the same day and social media dominates and dictates the lives of so very many, never has our need to feel included and loved been greater. There is an impossibly achy loneliness abounding in the secret chambers of the virtual world. Society, even pre-Covid, has been bleeding out and failing to live up to its definition, because the social element has been abducted from right under our feet and a poor substitute has made islands of each and everyone of us trying to find ourselves and each other. The most alarming element of this phenomenon is the fact that most of us have loving families around us and a network of friends or support of one kind or another and yet, we are the lost faces in a multitudinous crowd crying out for acknowledgement, begging to be heard and understood. There is a desperate need to matter at a time when circumstances have made us finally acknowledge that in the scale of things, between the now and the beyond, we truly matter very, very little, and so we gasp desperately trying to hold on to some sort of significance. The more we realise we are but a grain of sand on the beach, the more egotistical and self-centered we become; the more we veer towards mob mentality instead of accepting each person on their own merit and essence. And of course, the power of social media is boundless and so trends that dominate on the virtual world, irremediably feed into our daily lives, our homes, and ultimately our surroundings. Before we know it, we are turning our society into the most inhospitable place there ever was; an Eden made into a hell, and it is all of our own making.
I have also learnt that at a time when we have more resources than ever; when we are potentially more powerful than ever; we are the weakest beings we have ever been. We lack backbone and deeply rooted convictions. We would rather be a Judas than a Peter; we need to be all things to all people in order to find worth, instead of remembering that it is our uniqueness and not our tribal ancestry that defines us and sets us aside to pursue our own purpose; to make that small difference that no one else can make. We have become cowards that hide behind the group instead of standing on our own two feet when we see injustice, lies and witch-hunts. Our morality and creed blow whichever way the wind takes them. We are chameleons that change colour depending on who is watching. We take a side in an argument with our words but then our actions discredit the very point we have just made. We are in essence regressing to a herd mentality where the blind is leading the blind; where leadership stems from popularity as opposed to integrity tested in the furnace of adversity and going it alone.
I have learnt, and this is the one that has broken me the most, that there are individuals who are indeed beyond rescue. I had two uncles who committed suicide, but I have always believed that what led them to such an unthinkable tragic end was probably a lack of a supportive network or adverse circumstances. Well, I have encountered on twitter individuals who by their own admission are rotten apples, messed up and broken; they hurt others because they simply do not know how to be any other way; they carry deep scars from the past and open wounds that are beyond healing. They look up to people who are no longer around, and they live their lives through their eyes instead of their own. I have learnt that no matter how much light you see still shining within that person; no matter how clear you see the path that they need to follow, nothing will change until they make a decision themselves to break loose from their ghosts and their demons. I have learnt that being rejected by such individuals is not a reflection of my inability to be loved or accepted by them but rather their dismal failure to love, accept and forgive themselves.
Herd Emancipation
On January 15, 2021 February 28, 2021 By aconstanttlearnerIn Authority, Challenges, adversity, Character, Corona Virus, courage, Covid 19, Criticism, Fear, Freedom, Herd Emancipation, Herd Immunity, humanity, Instinct, Intuition, Judgement', Natural Disasters, Pandemics, pride, purpose, Rebellion, Rules, wisdom6 Comments
It is excruciatingly painful to try and feel inspired to write these days. People tell me I am a positive person, but most do not realise that although I am instinctively so, the negative voice in my head never lets up. For every positive thought that my brain labours to produce, the hooded claw bounces it back with a double whammy of negativity, smashing any hope of gaining ground; of turning a mediocre day into a day fully lived.
The truth is COVID-19 has revealed for many of us an uncomfortable truth: what are we without a purpose? Who are we if not clogs in the economy machine? What is the point of us if not to keep producing, to keep consuming insatiably? Nothing seems to make sense unless we are rushed off our feet working, striving, competing, gaining, comparing ourselves to the next person. On the one hand, COVID-19 is giving us enough time to ponder on the fact that many of us are not truly sure of who we are when you take away our social circles, our jobs, our sustenance, our communities, our freedoms. The hours go slowly and uncomfortably as we have too much time to think and realise that maybe half our life has already been wasted busying ourselves with busyness but not really living, not really being, not really participating in the miracle that our life and life all around us is. On the other hand, we agonize as news of thousands of deaths is hitting us daily; we struggle to comprehend the gargantuan effort it takes for so many to simply keep on living, prospering, growing and yet, the strife, the battle can be snatched out of our hands unexpectedly with one swift final breath, in one achingly solitary instant. What was it all for? Did we really live or was it life itself that went in and through us?
This last year has also acted as a filtering process which has set apart those who like to swim with the current and those who have enough discernment and courage to think for themselves and act accordingly. As a result, so has increased the number of people who appoint themselves as judge and jury; often individuals who lack the initiative, the bravery, and the curiosity to stand up and challenge the status quo. Instead, they sit in judgement of those who do, because it is easier to detract the attention from their own ignorance, cowardice and fear and focus it instead on those who break from the herd and follow their own path at all cost. Much has been discussed about 'Herd Immunity'. Perhaps the real point of contention here should be 'Herd Emancipation'.
A few years back my family and I were holidaying in St. Vincent, the Caribbean. A huge storm hit our beach resort which was located in a valley by a river leading to the sea. As the sea surged, the riverbanks overflowed and within a short period of time our resort was almost completely flooded. The resort management instructed everyone to head to the emergency meeting point which happened to be one of the restaurants on the edge of the resort right by the beach, not that much higher up than the rest of the resort. At that point, I suggested to my husband that the sensible thing to do was to go higher up. We discussed it as a family and in that instant, we knew our lives were at risk and keeping with the 'herd', obeying instruction was not an option for us.
We sought higher ground and managed to climb various floors within the concrete block of flats where the resort staff lived. From the balcony of the flat where one of the members of staff lived who kindly let us in, we watched in shock and horror as rain continued to pour, the river began to burst its banks, and the beach was rapidly being taken over by the sea. Hours later, a member of the management team came looking for us as we were the only residents of the resort unaccounted for. They took us down to the restaurant and we had a very mixed welcome. Some showed joy and relief when they saw us. They were kind and found us chairs and a blanket to sleep on. Not surprisingly, in stark contrast there were those who frowned and gave us hateful looks for daring to challenge authority and act based on our own judgement. We were being punished for having the audacity to think for ourselves. And so goes the human race.
Whilst we regret enormously having caused concern and worry to those who came looking for us, we will never regret having made that decision in such extreme life-threatening circumstances. As morning came, we saw the devastation caused by the storm and learnt that people had died that night right there in our resort. The restaurant where everyone was gathered was ok, but it could have been very different. They were just incredibly lucky. They could have all been swept away so easily, had the surge been any greater or the storm lasted longer.
That night I went to sleep with a clear conscience. As a parent I took the decision to challenge authority and follow my own judgement and gut instinct to protect myself and my family. If anyone wants to judge us for doing that, it is on them, not me. I would do exactly the same now with hindsight, if a similar situation ever presents itself again. I will do what I have to do to protect myself and those entrusted to me as best as I know how, even if that means breaking from the herd, going against 'the rules'.
This global pandemic is also pushing people to their limits in more ways than one and it is revealing people's true character or lack of. Will you be the person that sits in judgement of others' choices and right to choose or will you be the individual who extends a blanket and tells you they are so glad that you are still alive? I know whom I would rather be and whom I would rather have by my side.
The resting place
On November 12, 2020 November 12, 2020 By aconstanttlearnerIn Confinement, Disappointment, Fear, Fiction, Freedom, Instinct, introspection, Intuition, Sixth sense, Solitude, Strength, The Supernatural, The Unknown, wisdom8 Comments
Finally, alone and unharassed her subdued persona could reconnect with her rebellious by design self; she could listen to the pangs of her longing heart and feel present and alive within her mortal body and not through the relentless latent demands and laments of those near her.
She leant back on the door frame exhausted, agonisingly searching for that support she felt was being eroded day after day; searching for a conduit that would give way to her newly found exuberance and uncontrollable fire. Her stoic backbone pushed firmly against the wood, each vertebra finding solace one at a time, aligned and secure against something she knew would never change, alter or collapse; something that would never let her down. This was the one fortuitous encounter she knew would live up to her unattainable expectations. Two surfaces coming into contact with each other; one inert but unbreakable and unchangeable, the other so alive but frozen in time like the myriad of shapes fossilized in the wood-grain never to be released, and yet so much more present, lasting and transcendent than she would ever be.
If the pig, the lance, the pelican and the hippo can be so vivid whilst trapped by countless years of growth and change, why can't I shine with such fervor? Why can't my imprint overcome the limitations of circumstance, uncertainty and fear? – she asked herself over and over again as she also tried to figure out why she was the only one in her large family who could clearly discern these weird and wonderful creatures, otherworldly faces and implements all over the surfaces of the family home: floor tiles, kitchen splash-back, floors, doors. What is the point of such a supernatural gift, if it serves no purpose? She wrestled.
Her anger bubbling up inside at the thought of a higher being all knowing, all seeing and all understanding who played with human beings like string puppets; their lives literally hanging from an almost invisible thread pulled from high above, enthusing them with miraculous glimmers of joy, movement and light and yet condemned for the most part to a life in a dark domestic box wondering when the next bit of ecstasy and meaning would come. She hated being toyed with by humans and Gods alike. She surrendered all of herself in her vulnerable and transparent state to anyone who could glean her mysterious alluring nature. In her universe, no offence was greater than to be lulled into a false sense of security to then be let down and done with in the most savage of ways: silence and indifference.
'Anger and frustration lead nowhere' – she heard the frame's unequaled wisdom reverberate onto the back of her chest. 'Believe and trust that you have been made to feel and wrestle like this for a reason. Keep the faith, trust your instincts'- words edged and burning on her pronounced rib cage. Rooted once again, having gathered strength and regained balance from that familiar timber refuge, she stood at ease gradually letting go, confidently detaching herself from the one place in her life where she was fed authenticity, hope, meaning and the very much needed reminder that rejection came repeatedly because she did not belong in this world in the first place.