In this modern, digital day and age, it's hard to find time to personalize items. Oftentimes, you'll see a ready-made card slapped on to gifts no matter how special the occasion, digital images posted on social media accounts as greetings for birthdays, and even plain and simple text messages to send well-wishes. These days, everything's generic and it's rare that you'll find greetings and wishes personalized just for you.
The convenience of the digital age has caused us to turn away from the good old fashioned greeting card. Whatever happened to those cute little snippets of thoughts and greetings? Whatever happened to going the extra mile just to tell someone you thought about them today? Well, although not as common a practice as it used to be, personalized greeting cards still exist all thanks to Scribbler.
There is no beating the convenience of the digital age. And so as they say, if you can't beat 'em, join 'em! Scribbler has managed to merge convenience with good old fashioned thoughtfulness and came up with this unique service. Scribbler allows individuals to select, edit, personalize, and purchase greeting cards online for same day postage (if you place your orders by 2 P.M.) This company has been in the greeting card business for more than 30 years which has gained them a strong reputation in the industry. Now, there's no struggle to find the perfect greeting card for your family and friends – Scribbler has got it all!
Purchasing your greeting cards at Scribbler is as easy as one, two, three. First, select a card from their extensive card design catalogue. There are tons of designs to choose from fit for every and all occasions. You'll spend hours just browsing through their wide range of designs! Once you've got your template down, you can opt to add images, graphics, logos, photos, or text to make it more personal. This is where the fun starts as you try your hand at figuring out what your recipient would want to see when they open the post. Finally, pay for the card and have it sent out on the same day (if you make it to cut off time) so you can let your loved ones know that hey, I was thinking about you toady!
Scribbler is a pleasant way to surprise an old friend or to remember a far-away family member. So, let them know you thought about them today and send out a Scribbler card just for them!


The work The divine matrix : bridging time, space, miracles, and belief represents a distinct intellectual or artistic creation found in Austin Public Library. This resource is a combination of several types including: Work, Language Material, Books.
Recently, a series of groundbreaking experiments revealed dramatic evidence of a web of energy that connects everything in our lives and our world. Join Braden on this extraordinary journey bridging science, spirituality, and miracles through the language of "The Divine Matrix."


text:
Man sues Bethesda over seizures caused by Oblivion
12 May 2011 | By Jonah A. Falcon
A US Air Force pilot is suing Bethesda for a grand mal seizure that was allegedly caused by The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion, that caused him to get injured and lose his flight status.
John Ryan McLaughlin claims he was playing the game when "strobe lights" within the game gave him "a grand mal seizure for the first time in his life," causing excruciating pain and breaking a bone. The former F-18 pilot says the seizures caused him to permanently lose his flying status.
"The product was so designed that it exceeded the upper acceptable limit of more than 3 flashes over a 1 second period, as well as acceptable spatial pattern and luminance flash limits. These risks were not made known to the plaintiff and/or an ordinary consumer prior to the time of purchase," according to the defendant's lawyer. "The defective and dangerous condition of the product, and that it was unsafe for the use and purpose for which it was intended when used by certain consumers as recommended, was expected and reasonably anticipated by the defendants, and each of them, or in the exercise of ordinary and reasonable care should have been known and discovered by defendants, and each of them."
Odd, because there aren't any "strobe lights" during the game, or quickly flashing colored lights, and in the 5 years since its release in March 2006, no one ever complained of seizures from playing the game.
Game Politics
The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion Essentials
The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion Updates
The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion Review
The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion Downloads
The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion Mods

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Noridian Medicare Portal (NMP) will now provide additional details for Hospital, Skilled Nursing Facility (SNF) and Inpatient status on Eligibility inquiries. Below is an outline of the enhancements made for each line of business.
Part A: An additional "SNF/INPT Overlap" tab has been added for Part A Eligibility inquiries.
Part B and DME: The Hospital and SNF tabs have been replaced with a combined Hospital/SNF tab for Part B and DME Eligibility inquiries.


text:
Missouri Severe Storms, Straight-line Winds, and Flooding (DR-4144)
FEMA Corps Teams Support Missouri's Recovery from Flooding, Severe Storms and Tornadoes
Jefferson City, Mo. – There are fresh faces out in the field with FEMA this fall. They arrived in 15 passenger vans, wearing boots and cargo pants. Out of high school, college, or part way between, these young people are in Missouri to "Get Things Done," true to their AmeriCorps pledge.FEMA Corps, a partnership between AmeriCorps and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), is a national service program for young adults ages 18-24 that is focused on disaster preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery work.
FEMA Specialists to Provide Historic and Environmental Preservation Information at Upcoming Missouri Preservation Clinic
JEFFERSON CITY, Mo.–On September 6, 2013, President Obama declared a major disaster for 18 counties in the State of Missouri. In addition to Public Assistance (PA) Grant Program funding for state and eligible local governments, qualifying private non-profit organizations many be eligible for assistance as a result of the declaration.
Federal Aid Programs for the State of Missouri Declaration
Following is a summary of key federal disaster aid programs that can be made available as needed and warranted under President Obama's disaster declaration issued for the State of Missouri.Assistance for the State and Affected Local Governments Can Include as Required:
President Declares Disaster for Missouri
WASHINGTON – The U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Federal Emergency Management Agency announced that federal disaster aid has been made available to the State of Missouri to supplement state and local recovery efforts in the area affected by severe storms, straight-line winds, and flooding during the period of August 2-14, 2013.


DONALDSONVILLE - Authorities say there may be new developments in the ongoing investigation of the 2014 murder of Brandon Augusta.
In August, deputies found Augusta's body along the Mississippi River in Donaldsonville. Investigators say the body was beaten so badly that they could not positively identify it at the scene.
Dental records were later used to identify the body as the missing 15-year-old high school freshman.
Law enforcement is still searching for the killer. Ascension Parish Sheriff Jeffrey Wiley set a press conference for 2:30 p.m. Wednesday to discuss new developments in the investigation.
Augusta went missing from his residence in Donaldsonville and was last seen getting into a gray car around 1 p.m. on Aug. 11, 2014.
Updates will be added to this story following this afternoon's press conference.


Little Caesars Canada Coupon Thus in-store promotions, printable coupons, seasonal sales and other special deals. Top Categories View All. Here Are a Few Hot a penny, we will list. Our offers include online coupons, up for emails from Little keep your wallet safe with so on and so forth. Sign up to save all. And while you're there, sign from GNC usually) are basically results in the studies, then at Chapters, Book Warehouse, Barbara-Jos. Simply enter the Little Caesars can bring up even more you more than just promotion. Hungry Howies Pizza Coupons. It may cause a mild the jitters and all that to prevent carbs from becoming of The American Medical Association. The claims for weight loss.
Little Caesars already offers pizza at low prices, but this hasn't stopped them from offering a large list of printable coupons to their customers. Simply visiting Little Caesar's homepage can bring up a coupon for items such as free breadsticks. If the thought of Little Caesars gets your mouth watering, you're going to love how much you can save using one of their 7 coupons for December. While these coupons will get you a great deal, new offers are being added daily. When you need a fast and easy dinner, Little Ceasars is the place to go. Little Caesars Pizza is a global pizza chain, supplying delicious pizza since The chain is known for its HOT-N-READY menu which is designed to allow for immediate pickup of menu items. For more savings, check out our Little Caesars Pizza gift card deals.


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Farmers Can be Isolated and Unsure How to Seek Support. One State is Trying to Help.
Farmers were prone to stress and isolation before 2020, but the onset of Covid-19 exacerbated the problem, officials said. Shutterstock
Farmers in Wisconsin can access a 24-hour hotline, free counseling and, soon, virtual support groups. It's all part of a state-funded wellness program focused on the agricultural community.
Rural America
In one session, the counselor and a farmer talked about marriage issues. In others, farmers grappled with financial pressure, isolation, and problems with family members. While these are issues that people in the agricultural community commonly face, many don't seek help to deal with them, according to Jessica Beauchamp, a licensed social worker.
"A lot of them won't get a diagnosis of anxiety or depression—they're just stressed," said Beauchamp, who runs a private practice in Wisconsin. "They're working every day with family members. It's hard work that depends on weather, and finances, and they don't have a lot of outside people to talk to that understand it. And they can struggle."
Beauchamp is part of a state-led effort in Wisconsin known as the Farmers Wellness Program. The pilot initiative, launched in 2019, offers a host of free mental health services to farmers and their families, including a 24-hour wellness hotline, tele-counseling sessions and vouchers for in-person visits with participating mental health providers. Starting next month, the program will also offer virtual support group sessions for both farmers and farm couples.
As a whole, the initiative seeks to make it easier for farmers to seek support by removing the stigma associated with asking for help, particularly in the agricultural community, where expectations for behavior have always tended toward strength and self-sufficiency.
"Farmers have a lot of pride and they're very stoic, and many don't want to reach out for help or they don't know how to," said Jayne Krull, director of the Ag Resource and Promotion Bureau at the Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection. "Over the years, we've definitely seen an increase in the stress and anxiety that farmers go through. That's why we proposed this program."
Farming has long been an occupation whose participants are at risk of isolation, depression and anxiety. Nationwide, suicide rates among farmers are 1.5 times higher than the general population, and they're also more likely to abuse alcohol and drugs. There are myriad reasons for this, Krull said, including financial stress, long hours, and family dynamics.
"There are things that are unique to farming that other people don't have in their everyday lives," she said.
"You're obviously very dependent on the weather, which can decide whether you're going to make it or break it each year. The market prices are so volatile, especially here in Wisconsin," Krull added. "You have long hours, which puts stress on relationships—both for farm couples and for families. And then there's the financial stress that farmers go through when they're trying to keep the farm as it's passed on from generation to generation."
Covid-19 has only exacerbated these sorts of pressures. The pandemic disrupted the food supply chain, closing schools and restaurants and sharply reducing demand for products, including dairy, which accounts for nearly half of Wisconsin's $105 billion farm economy. Nationwide, two-thirds of farmers and farm workers said the pandemic had impacted their mental health, according to a December poll by Morning Consult.
"Covid specifically has added stress. Prices are still all over the place depending on supply and demand," Krull said. "We had people having to reduce their herds or they'd have to dump their milk, because there was no place for that product to go. Some of our pork producers had to send their hogs to market when they didn't want to, and still had a hard time finding a place that would take them."
While the state's wellness program has sought to help, some offerings have been more successful than others. The 24-hour hotline hasn't been widely used so far, for example. But demand for counseling vouchers increased by 38% from 2019, and farmers have said that the option of tele-counseling—necessary during the pandemic—has made it easier to manage.
"We've had farmers comment that going to see a counselor before involved getting cleaned up, leaving the farm and going into town, where people might see them," Krull said. "And now they can do it virtually, and for free."
Officials are hopeful that the virtual support groups will be similarly popular. Those sessions, led on Zoom by farmers who have experienced stress and anxiety in their own work, are designed to bring farmers and farm couples together to discuss shared problems and provide support.
"We're not coming from a place of, 'Let's all get together and talk about how we're failing in some way,'" said Beauchamp, who will be on hand for each session to guide discussion and lend support as needed. "We're not here to just be sad. Let's build on some good stuff too."
The groups—two each month for farmers, one specifically for couples—are free, and while farmers are required to register in advance to participate, they don't have to use their real names or even turn on their computer cameras during the discussion. Krull is hopeful that added anonymity will encourage participation among farmers who may otherwise be hesitant to open up about their struggles.
"They're isolated in their profession as well so they don't get a chance to talk to a lot of people," she said. "The support groups are the perfect solution because they can hear that there are other people going through the same things they are."
Kate Elizabeth Queram is a staff correspondent for Route Fifty and is based in Washington, D.C.
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On This Day in Aviation History
1887 – Birth of John Arthur Macready, American test pilot and aviator; he became the only three-time recipient of the Mackay Trophy, receiving the prestigious award for three consecutive years.
1918 – Australian World War I fighter ace Francis Ryan "Frank" Smith shoots down four Fokker D.VIIs with his S.E.5a, his last victories of the war.
1931 – First flight of the Hawker Nimrod, a British carrier-based, biplane fighter.
1974 – Death of John Sharpe Griffith, American World War I flying ace who, postwar, flew for the White Army forces in Russia against communists, then returned to service in the U.S. Army Air Forces during World War II.
1997 – On the 50th anniversary of his historic flight past Mach 1, Charles Elwood "Chuck" Yeager flies a new "Glamorous Glennis," a McDonnell Douglas F-15D Eagle (shown above), past Mach 1 with U.S. Air Force Lt. Col. Troy Fontaine as co-pilot. The chase plane for the flight is a General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon piloted by Bob Hoover, a famous air-show pilot, and Yeager's wingman for the first supersonic flight. This is Yeager's last official flight with the USAF.
2012 – The first human to break the sound barrier parachuting to Earth from an helium balloon is Austrian skydiver Felix Baumgartner; during his nearly five-minute free fall, he sets records for altitude (24.261 miles), speed (833.900 mph or Mach 1.24) and distance (119,846 feet or more than 22 miles).


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Dec 8, 2020 - Science
The golden age of space-sample returns
Miriam Kramer, author of Space
Illustration: Aïda Amer/Axios
Multiple space missions by different countries are bringing rock samples back to Earth from far-off worlds — a trend that could redefine our understanding of the evolution of the solar system.
Driving the news: China's Chang'e-5 spacecraft is bound for Earth and loaded down with Moon rocks expected to be far younger than those brought back during the Apollo missions. Those samples are expected to arrive in mid-December.
But now, we're getting samples from asteroids, too.
Japan just returned a sample of an asteroid to Earth collected by the Hayabusa2 mission after launching to space in 2014.
NASA's OSIRIS-REx managed to snag what appears to be a large sample of another asteroid thought to represent the leftovers of the planet formation process billions of years ago. That sample is expected to make it back to Earth in 2023.
The big picture: Together, these missions could help fill gaps in scientists' understanding of how the early days of the solar system gave rise to the planets and eventually life.
By analyzing these samples in labs back on Earth, scientists will have the chance to know exactly how old these cosmic rocks are — and possibly pick out any signs of organic molecules that might act as precursors to life.
"It is such a puzzle" to figure out how the solar system we know now evolved over billions of years, says Brett Denevi, a planetary geologist at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory.
Between the lines: Sample return missions allow scientists to use high-powered tools on Earth to analyze material from distant cosmic objects, revealing more than any robotic rover or photos from an orbital mission could.
While the tech used on spacecraft has progressed rapidly in the last few decades, it will likely never get to the point where a spacecraft can produce analysis as good as what can be done on Earth.
"It's almost cheaper to just bring a piece back and do it here," the Planetary Society's Casey Dreier told me.
These types of missions also allow scientists to store material for possible future study with tools not yet invented.
"There will be people who go to those samples 50 years from now with a capability that we can't even conceive of," Dante Lauretta, the principal investigator for OSIRIS-REx, told me.
What's next: These missions are also likely harbingers of things to come. Japan is planning to launch a sample return mission to Mars' moon Phobos in 2024, with an expected return in 2029.
The sample collected should help scientists figure out the origins of Phobos and Deimos, Mars' other moon.
NASA also launched the Perseverance rover to Mars this year equipped with tools that will allow it to cache samples for an eventual return to Earth aboard a future mission.
These current and future missions may eventually open up the possibility of sample return missions to comets, Saturn's moon Enceladus, or other icy, watery bodies in the solar system.
Jan 12, 2021 - Science
Scientists discover 10 billion-year-old "super-Earth" planet
Artist's illustration of the planet TOI-561b. Image: W. M. Keck Observatory/Adam Makarenko
Scientists have discovered a rocky "super-Earth" planet in an ancient star system that likely formed 10 billion years ago, only a few billion years after our Milky Way galaxy came to be.
Why it matters: The newfound planet likely can't support life, but in general, researchers think older planetary systems have better odds of possibly harboring life because they're long-lived.
Orbital wine comes back to Earth
Twelve bottles of red wine are making their way back to Earth after spending more than a year aboard the International Space Station.
Why it matters: The wine is more than just a frivolous novelty. The researchers behind the wine experiments — which also involved sending grape vines to the station — are hoping to learn more about how plants respond to stress, with an eye toward how they might behave on a warmer Earth in the future.


> > > driver breaks kernel memory allocation for me on a 64 bit platform.
because of another bug (which I'll report later).
- intel gfx driver is 2.7.99.1.
> additional debug output for?
> strikes me as not particularly 64-bit clean.
Yep, 'unsigned long' should be better for 'videoRam' in the long term.
> The failure was with kernel 2.6.29.1 + tiling patch, in case this matters.
> > > (**) intel(0): Option "AccelMethod" "UXA"
> > > (**) intel(0): Option "XvMC" "true"
> > > (--) intel(0): Chipset: "G35"
> > > (II) [drm] DRM open master succeeded.
> > > (II) Loading sub module "fb"
> > > (II) LoadModule: "fb"
> > > (II) Module fb: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
> > > (II) do I need RAC?  No, I don't.
> > > (II) intel(0): Attempting memory allocation with tiled buffers.
> > > (II) intel(0): Tiled allocation successful.
> > > Thanks for having a look at this.


text:
Q: Update/Insert to Meteor collection being ignored by server I have a collection called "Materials" defined on the client and server.   In one template, I can insert and update correctly to Materials.   On another template,  I can insert and update but when I refresh the browser, the changes are lost.
The two views are called
view_materials (inserting/updating works)
view_orders (doesn't work)
Both templates have the materials collection binded to them like so:
//Bind viewOrders to Materials collection
Template.view_order.materials = function () {
return Materials.find();
};

// Bind materialsTemplate to Materials collection
Template.view_materials.materials = function () {
return Materials.find();
};

and both are using the function below to update.
var docid = Materials.findOne({material_number: newMaterial.material_number});
console.log(docid._id);
Materials.update({_id:docid._id},{$set: {material_qty: total}});

Please note that the ID printed out to the console matches perfectly.  Like I mentioned, on view_orders it updates for a moment on the client but not in another browser window nor does it persist after being reloaded from the server. On view_materials it works perfectly.  Any ideas?
I also deployed an example of the bug here:
http://upexmple.meteor.com/
and added the source to github:
https://github.com/stereochromatic/update_example
The relevant code can be found in client/views/view_materials/view_materials.js
and
client/views/view_orders/view_orders.js
To duplicate the error:
Click on inventory and under Raw Materials, type A for material number and -50 for quantity.  You will see it get updated correctly.  Now click on create release and under raw material type, select A and -50 for quantity.  You will see the correct info get printed to the console and you may also see the changes on inventory but upon refresh those changes are gone.
- show quoted text -

A: You need to define your Meteor Collections outside of the client directory. I usually put mine into a /lib folder, but defining collections on just the client side can cause issues.
So just move
Materials = new Meteor.Collection("materials");

and
MaterialsLog = new Meteor.Collection("materialsLog");

into a folder outside of the client/server folders.

A: I can't reproduce the error. I've done as you said, but the changes do not disappear for me upon refresh. I can even close the tab and reopen it, and the changes are still there.

A: Finally figured this out...
I removed the autopublish package with
meteor remove autopublish

and then defined my permissions (and subscriptions) in /lib/Materials.js like so:
// Declare client materials collection
Materials = new Meteor.Collection("materials");

materials = Materials

if (Meteor.isClient) {

    Meteor.subscribe('materials');

}

if (Meteor.isServer) {

    Meteor.publish('materials', function() {
        return materials.find();
});

materials.allow({

    insert: function (document) {
        return true;
    },
    update: function () {
        return true;
    },
    remove: function () {
        return false;
    }

    });

}

Thanks to everyone who helped out.   I realize that for a production app this is best practice anyways so this needed really to be done at some point.   I originally was going to wait until the end to remove autopublish, insecure and wrap collection in publish/subscribe, allow/deny rules but this issue helped expedite that work :)

A: Using your code above my with file structure:
Please take note that I remove the materials = Materials
client folder:
subscriber.js
Meteor.subscribe('materials');

server folder
publisher.js
Meteor.publish('materials', function() {
    return Materials.find();

});
allow.js
Materials.allow({

insert: function (document) {
    return true;
},
update: function () {
    return true;
},
remove: function () {
    return false;
}

});

}
collection folder. this is outside from the client and the server folders
collections.js
Materials = new Meteor.Collection("materials");

let me know if its works and though this very late at least people can see it

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Prayers for Ric Drasin
Thread: Prayers for Ric Drasin
As fans of legendary bodybuilder and wrester Ric Drasin, we're all praying for our hero's recovery, as the former Muscle Beach icon is said to be in the hospital after issues arose with a knee surgery he'd had some years ago. Drasin, who was a fixture of the golden era of bodybuilding, has stayed very busy over the years, with his hit program Ric's Corner, as well as collaborations with industry megastars like Jerry Brainum and his work with major outlets like Generation Iron. Many bodybuilding fans also remember Ric's short run with Ironmag TV. Drasin, who hosted the series Tips from Ric, was a favorite among many viewers of the network. Viewers enjoyed Ric's knowledge and passion for the sport.
When someone has spent half a century lifting, eating clean, and interacting with the biggest names in the fitness industry, then they become legends as well. That being said, what constitutes a legend and who are these big names that Ric interacted with? Well, it just so happens that Drasin was Arnold's favorite training partner. When it comes to names in bodybuilding, there is none bigger than The Oak himself.
Although Pumping Iron would have you believe that Arnold and Franco were inseparable, that movie had a lot of fiction in it. It was aimed at entertaining the public and selling tickets so you can't exactly blame them. The reality, however, is that Arnold and Ric were the ones who trained daily, they ate the Germans, and they would lay out on the beach to get sun. These old gym buddies were a fixture throughout the Venice Beach scene. Back in the day, Ric would also be seen with Eddy Giuliani, Joe Gold, and countless others. He was known as a guy who with a lot of talent; he was big into movie-acting, he was big into wrestling, and he was of course big into bodybuilding. In addition to all of these many great successes, he was also an accomplished artist, creating the logo for the original Gold's Gym and World's Gym – being honored by both gyms for years to come.
What separates Ric from many of the guys of his era is that he's continued growing all throughout. So far we've mostly discussed what he did 30-50 years ago, but it's what's he's done since that's earned him a wave of new adherents. The internet and social media have made Ric as popular as guys fifty years his junior. It's not about fake followers, fads, or gimmicks. It's about reinventing yourself, while staying true to your roots.
To set the many fans at ease, Ric is in good health. His son made a powerful video to let the world know that the Ric's Corner star would be back within 2-3 weeks. The reason for his hospitalization is over issues with a knee surgery some years ago. The treatment he's receiving is top notch and I'm sure the doctors and support staff who are attending to him, are well aware they're dealing with a real A Lister. All that aside, any medical staff involved would be happy to treat a patient who's a real fighter. Unlike many folks who find themselves in hospitals hoping to get better over the course of time, Ric is already mapping out his comeback to YouTube and the bodybuilding world. The fans have most definitely noticed his absence and they want him back.
If you're not familiar with Ric Drasin, let me clue you in about who this larger than life guy is. He tells it like it is because he lived in. He often says that was experienced in Venice Beach, CA, between the mid 1970's and early 1980's is an era that will never be recreated again. It simply can't. The camaraderie, unlike anything you'll see today, was electric. Guys went to the gym because it was who they were; they lifted together, they ate together, and they partied together. From the original Gold's Gym (which is now a private residence) to the current, sprawling facility, Ric saw it all.
Guys like The Black Prince Robby Robinson and The Lion of Lebanon Samir Bannout, know Ric like he was an old friend – because that's just what he is. He's not a reporter, he's not a fan, he's a contemporary. Just think about how many memories these guys shared over the years. The memories they have are enough to keep generations after them – hooked. And the friendships have spanned decades. Even today, when Arnold's entourage comes down an aisle at the Olympia or Arnold Classic, if Arnold sees Ric, the whole army of assistants, staffers, and security come to a screeching halt. When Arnold sees Ric, the friendship is undeniable. Tens of thousands of eyes are trained on these two greats, as they probably talk about their many meals at the Germans, or maybe talk about some of their (now) passed friends. While they're both at the prime of their life, these guys aren't spring chickens anymore, either.
One thing's for sure, when Ric comes back, he'll be firing on all cylinders. A lot of people love his videos talking about old school nutrition. When you stop to think about it, a lot of the "gurus" today are ripping off the diets that made Arnold, Lou, and Zane. These guys were 90% nutrition. Did they use gear? Of Course. They have never denied it. Steroids were legal then. So what? But they only used when they prepped for a competition and NOTHING like what is used today. Most of the guys looked full, symmetrical, and proportioned all year round. They had commercials, movies, and photoshoots.
Guys like Dave Draper never touched gear and Dave was able to win the coveted Mr. America. The point is, when you looked at how they ate, it said it all. Hamburger patties, eggs, slices of tomatoes and cottage cheese. Who's going to get fluffy on that? Who's going to get fat? Except for the minimal carbs in a few tomato slices, these guys were training hard and taking in tons of high-quality proteins and healthy fats. They looked how they did because they didn't deviate from the plan. They all had a cheat day where they ate carbs and by the second or third day later, they were ripped again. Some guys would skip the cheat meal every other week to be ultra-ripped. It was all about understanding how amino acids work, how sugar sensitivity worked, and how things like water intake and digestion lent themselves to creating the ideal environment for muscle gains. So many people, even today, still think Frank Zane was called "The Chemist" because of his knowledge of drugs. That's just plain stupid!! He had that nickname because he knew how protein worked – he was an authority on macro and micronutrients.
Ric shares tons of knowledge on training and nutrition; anyone who truly wants to learn, has an entire library at their fingertips. They can even watch videos of Ric giving advice on food-based supplements that can make a real difference. In closing, I'd like to send our good friend Ric Drasin our warmest regards and a strong wish to get well soon.
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MuscleChemistry Guru Board Certified MD
Rics youtube channel Rics corner is a treasure trove of great info, I refer to it often. Hes old school and has replied to every email Ive sent him, get well Ric!
JackSteel liked this post
Sadly in case many of you dont know, Ric passed away Aug 30, ironically the same date as Franco did last year, RIP Ric, you will be missed
JackSteel thanked for this post
So Sad. He will be missed.
Registered Member Board Certified Psy.D
We lost a legend, sad to see him go. RIP Ric.
JackSteel
MuscleChemistry Member Board Certified Psy.D
this sucks. Rick was awesome.
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Back in 2008 when President Obama was elected, I asked my sister how she felt about it. She said she didn't vote for him, but it wasn't the end of the world as some predicted. She lives in Colorado, a "purple" state as she calls it. It is one of the few states that seems to be pretty evenly divided among Republicans and Democrats, and so presidential contenders often pay attention to this swing state.
Since that election, I've been amazed to see a transformation in her. She has definitely become much more politically active, and has served as a volunteer to get out the vote. She has become much more critical of President Obama's policies, and worked actively to defeat him in the recent election. She has become much more of a critic of his social policies, especially the contraception mandate. In case you are not aware, part of Obamacare mandates that employers pay for contraception. Logically it seems like it will save money in the long run. I've previously discussed that the Freakonomics experts believe that abortion helped lower the crime rate because unwanted children don't grow up to become career criminals. In addition, a St. Louis University study showed that when free contraception was given to high schoolers, it cut the teen birth rate by 72%, and cuts the abortion rate by 68%. Frankly, these are goals that should be lauded by all who want to lower crime, abortion, and teen pregnancy. Obama's plan seems very sound in tackling these important issues.
But certain Catholic and Evangelical groups feel that providing contraception gives teens a license to sin, and are morally opposed to it. Hobby Lobby, a national chain store that sells hobby supplies is owned by devout Evangelicals; they are fighting Obamacare because they don't want to be forced to pay for contraception; as a result, the government was imposing $1 million dollar a day fines against the chain. My sister is excited that a court ruled in favor of the retail store, saying they don't have to pay the fines while the court case is pending.
In my mind, the contraception mandate just makes good economic sense. My sister and I have discussed birth control, and she certainly has used it, but she feels that this is a government intrusion and supports Evangelicals and Catholics who oppose having to pay for contraception on the basis of moral grounds. My reaction has been to say that if these 2 groups don't want to pay for contraception, then they should have to pay for the jails to house the unwanted children, which is much more expensive. But alas, she (and I suppose Catholics and Evangelicals) probably wouldn't think that was fair. Of course they would argue that teens should put these unwanted children up for adoption, but that doesn't happen. As a result, these unwanted children turn to a life of crime because they have no other way to support themselves.
If Obama can cut a deal allowing for Catholic organizations to avoid paying directly for contraception (and Obama has worked out some sort of indirect method to allow employees of Catholic employers to get free contraception), then I suppose that Hobby Lobby has some sort of a case and should be allowed a similar exception. But in my mind, the Evangelicals are tripping over dollars to pick of pennies on the basis of some self-righteous moral crusade. It just makes no sense to me why they would oppose contraception when it will make society a better place. I mean who thinks that cutting teen pregnancy and abortions is a bad idea? Apparently the Catholics and Evangelicals believe the ends to not justify the means.
← Where was the LDS Church organized: in Fayette or Manchester, NY?
There is a long history in the US of churches offering comprehensive health services in their own way. They can discriminate according to their beliefs. There is no history of a religious exemption from income taxes and other personal taxes.
Hobby Lobby would probably win in the supreme court if it goes that far. John Roberts left Obamacare in place, but it is on shaky ground. He made it far easier to carve it up piece by piece.
Being a Latter-day Saint, I believe that we fought for freedom in the pre-earth life. We knew that when we came to earth, we would face many challenges (including crime, etc.) Just because something is good for society does not mean that I think it should be shoved down everyone's throat. Agency is a God-given right. With agency comes the freedom to succeed and the freedom to fail. It is too bad that there are not more adoptions with unwanted pregnancies. It is too bad that there is crime. But I don't want to live in a society where the government is in charge of everything. There may be more crime in a freer society, but is killing children (babies, fetuses) the answer? Not in my mind. If someone commits a crime, they should go to jail. Many states do have programs for inmates to go to college, etc., but I would like to see more rehab in our prison systems and less opportunities for the criminals to be even more hardened. Poverty is lower when people marry before having children. Crime is lower when people get an education and marry before having children. If someone wants their birth control to be paid for, don't work for Hobby Lobby, find a different employer. (I am personally all for the choice to use birth control.) I am for other choices, too. I think local governments are going to far in controlling the size of soft drinks, etc. But it is a fine line. I want clean water, so we need some government regulation. We need smart business regulations, etc. But what I have seen in the last several years is the government trying to turn itself into God – trying to control everything. It is good to have discussions like this. Though I consider myself to be center-right, if we didn't have people on the left, the right would go too far and vice versa.
Shauna, where do you stand on seat belt laws, helmet laws, mandatory vaccinations, speed limits, etc? Should we eliminate those in favor of freedom so we can have more motor vehicle deaths, whooping cough, etc?
Helmet and seat belt laws are mandatory in most states, and hardly an affront to freedom, though surely there are whack jobs that want the freedom to bash their own heads in on a motorcycle. I don't see this as an needless erosion of freedom, but good public policy. Should we stop chlorinating our water so that we can freely experience cholera as happens in those free African states?
I think it is good to debate these issues, but libertarians can go a bit too far in the name of freedom. We regulate prostitution, drug use, etc (some hard-core libertarians believe we shouldn't) so it is not uncommon at all for governments to force good things upon us. Obama's contraception mandate just makes too much sense to call this an affront to freedom is going overboard.
Let us remember that what is called Obamacare was a Republican idea dreamed up by the Heritage Foundation and supported by such devout conservatives as Orrin Hatch and brought to life by none other than Mitt Romney in Massachusetts. What we really need, a universal, single-payer system that removes health insurance from employers, we will never get because of our schizophrenic nature as a country. What we have is a step in the right direction, but rather than seeking to destroy it we ought to be seeking ways to improve it for all Americans.
Facing the prospect of losing Catholic and other religiously conservative votes, the administration quickly retreated. President Obama himself, flanked by a visibly unhappy Secretary Sebelius, announced that the offending regulation is rescinded: Not only churches but church-affiliated institutions would not be required to offer insurance covering contraception, but women employees would be able to obtain the latter directly from insurance companies, without co-pay (I doubt if the insurance companies are thrilled by that provision). Needless to say, Obama presented the retreat as both a principled and pragmatic compromise (which, let us be fair, it really is). At the time of writing, it is not clear whether this will still the storm. The Republican candidates will probably be reluctant to drop an issue that must be an answer to their prayers (literally, if one is to believe what they say about their personal piety).
There are those who are allowed a personal or religious exemption for immunizations, so there are exceptions made for people whose deeply held beliefs are at odds with the immunization law. Are there people out there who are opposed to chlorination of water? They are always free to move somewhere with their own private well. I am glad to hear that the healthcare legislation is going to allow some exceptions for religious beliefs with regard to contraception. A single payer system doesn't seem to be working all that well in some of the countries that have it. I have heard (sorry no specifics to back it up) that people can wait upwards of 2 1/2 years to see a specialist. Currently in the US, if you need care, you go to the hospital and you get care, even if you can't afford it. It's definitely not perfect and I would like to see some changes. At a lecture I went to recently given by a radiologist, she advocated health care spending accounts and catastrophic coverage. That way people can be in charge of deciding what to spend for the little things but are covered for the big things. She compared it to deductibles on your car insurance. We don't expect the car insurance company to pay for our oil changes, etc. but when we're in an accident, we have coverage. Putting some of the smaller costs back with the consumer would probably have them thinking twice about whether they needed that care. Also, doctors have so much paperwork and coding, etc., it drives up their costs. Here is a link about a doctor who posts his prices online and no longer accepts insurance. http://news.yahoo.com/blogs/sideshow/doctor-stops-accepting-insurance-lowers-prices-posts-costs-194405203.html Also, It is too bad that health insurance was tied to jobs after WWII when employers tried to recruit people during the government mandated wage freeze. I think it would all be much better if it had always been an individual type of thing. Currently, if you have good health insurance and want to strike out on your own to start your own business, a lot of times you feel so tied to your current company because you are so afraid that you won't be able to get or afford health insurance.
"Surgery Center of Oklahoma does accept private insurance, but the center does not accept Medicaid or Medicare.
I totally understand that it would lower crime rate, teen pregnancies, etc. The fact of the matter is there are several different types and means of obtaining birth control. If your birth control is covered by your insurance, great. If not, too bad. I have insurance that covers it, but my friend doesn't, and she buys the generic brand for $10 per month. There's also something called condoms. If the government wants to do something useful for once, they could make these things more readily available through other means, rather than try to force people and business to pay for something they are morally against. Of course, liberals claim, "rights" and "freedom" on issues like these, yet don't seem to see that they are totally taking it away from Catholics or whoever to obtain it for a different group. What the government should do instead of imposing fines is give tax breaks or incentives to businesses who want to offer it. I agree it would have a positive effect to make birth control more readily available, but this is not the way to go about it.
You want to exercise your religious rights, fine. Stand on your head and chant away or whatever your religion wants to do. What you can't do is impose YOUR religious beliefs on others. No discrimination based on race, religion, etc. etc. etc. This IS America. It cuts both ways, people.


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text:
January 25, 2023 January 26, 2023 ~ anolddad
Perth Western Australia (WA)
On the map of Australia, Perth is a very long way from Sydney. By air it is about 3,300km and takes almost 5 hours! We set off on Boxing Day evening – three hours ahead of Perth time – arriving (Perth time) only 2 hours after we had taken off.
Perth is a lot smaller than Sydney and Melbourne so much easier to get a feel for the city centre. It has the usual mix of old and new architecture. Well, "old" as in 'original buildings'. None are really very old of course.
For me large cities are more or less the same but I did quite like Perth.
Classic Art Deco Hotel/Pub
Even in the summer sun there were reminders that is was still Christmas time
Old Perth Post Office. Now shops and offices
The Commonwealth Bank building. Now shops and offices
Entrance to London Court. A kind of themed shopping arcade
Inside London Court
Pouring Gold at the Perth Mint
Between 1899 and 1931, more than 106 million gold sovereigns and nearly 735,000 half sovereigns were minted in this place, for use throughout the British Empire. But the making of gold sovereigns stopped when Britain abandoned the gold standard in 1931. The refinery remained busy as staff turned their skills to making fine gold bullion bars. A new facility was built in 1990 with the old mint becoming a tourist attraction.
A newly poured gold bar proudly displayed by the man who made it. See video below.
Replicas of two of the largest gold nuggets ever found.
Gold played an important role in the development of Western Australia and still does. Although the gold rush died off a long time ago there must still be plenty of nuggets on or near the surface out there in the wilds of the outback and deserts. The last (very) large nugget was found as recently as 1995 and weighs over 25kg (see photo). It is the second largest nugget in existence. These days however most gold is hidden within the ore and rocks and is extracted by the hundreds of tonnes, then processed to extract the tiny gold fragments.
The Newmont Normandy Nugget discovered in a dry creek in 1995
The highlight of the tour was the gold pour. Most of it is captured on a video as we had front row seats. So sit back and enjoy the following video/photo montage… And see how quickly you can identify the backing song…
Fun Fact: Gold is such a good conductor that it only takes about 90 seconds for the molten metal to solidify.
Pouring molten gold to form a Gold Bar
Here are some more photos of Perth…
The Lucky Shag bar… and a statue of Lucky himself
Scenes at Elizabeth Quay
Our minted "gold" coin and the world's largest gold coin
Elizabeth Quay
Elizabeth Quay Bridge
While staying in Perth we made a couple of trips to Fremantle and also north up the coast. More on those trips later…
< Previous In and Out of Sydney


text:
Target to Pay $3.7 Million to Settle Lawsuit Over Discriminatory Criminal Background Check Policy
Target Corporation has agreed to pay $3.7 million to settle a class action lawsuit to resolve allegations its overly broad and outdated criminal background check policy discriminated against African-American and Latino applicants, according to a press release from the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund, Inc. (LDF).
As part of the settlement with LDF and the law firm of Outten & Golden LLP on behalf of a class of job applicants, Target will institute a hiring process for class members to obtain jobs at any of approximately 1,800 U.S. retail stores. Class members who would not benefit from a Target job are eligible for a cash award.
Target has agreed to review its current background check policies so that only applicants whose criminal record is job related and recent enough to pose a realistic threat faces disqualification. Target will also contribute money to assist not-for-profit organizations that provide re-entry support to ex-offenders.
"Criminal background information can be a legitimate tool for screening job applicants, but only when appropriately linked to relevant questions such as how long ago the offense occurred and whether it was a non-violent or misdemeanor offense," LDF President and Director-Counsel Sherrilyn Ifill stated in the press release.
Plaintiffs Carnella Times and Erving Smith claimed that Target's criminal background check policy violated Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits employment practices that have an unjustified disparate impact on the basis of, among other things, race and national origin.
Plaintiffs also alleged that Target's criminal background check policy penalized applicants who did not fully disclose arrests or convictions, barred candidates from employment for unnecessarily long periods following a conviction, and lacked a system for considering rehabilitation since the time of conviction.
The original complaint claimed that a disproportionate number of otherwise qualified African-American and Latino applicants were automatically disqualified from employment opportunities under Target's criminal background check policy, sometimes even for two decade-old misdemeanor convictions.
"Target's background check policy was out of step with best practices and harmful to many qualified applicants who deserved a fair shot at a good job," added Ifill. "We commend Target for agreeing to this settlement, which will help create economic opportunities for deserving Americans."
In April 2012, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) – the agency enforcing federal laws prohibiting employment discrimination – issued "Enforcement Guidance on the Consideration of Arrest and Conviction Records in Employment Decisions Under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964."
The EEOC Guidance "recommends that employers not ask about convictions on job applications and that, if and when they make such inquiries, the inquiries be limited to convictions for which exclusion would be job-related for the position in question and consistent with business necessity."
Best Practices Guide for Criminal Background Check Policy
Employment Screening Resources® (ESR) founder and CEO Attorney Lester Rosen worked with group of national civil and workers' rights organizations to develop "Best Practice Standards: The Proper Use of Criminal Records in Hiring" to help employers avoid costly lawsuits. Download the report here.
Categories icon Uncategorized
Tags icon background check, Class Action Lawsuit, Class Action Lawsuits, discrimination, EEOC, Title VII
Appeals Court Rules in Equal Pay Case that Women Cannot Be Paid Less than Men Based on Salary History
Employment Screening Resources (ESR) to Present at 2018 SHRM Talent Conference & Exposition


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Also posted to the bitcoin-dev mailing list.
UTXO growth is a serious concern for Bitcoin's long-term decentralization. To run a competitive mining operation potentially the entire UTXO set must be in RAM to achieve competitive latency; your larger, more centralized, competitors will have the UTXO set in RAM. Mining is a zero-sum game, so the extra latency of not doing so if they do directly impacts your profit margin. Secondly, having possession of the UTXO set is one of the minimum requirements to run a full node; the larger the set the harder it is to run a full node.
Currently the maximum size of the UTXO set is unbounded as there is no consensus rule that limits growth, other than the block-size limit itself; as of writing the UTXO set is 1.3GB in the on-disk, compressed serialization, which expands to significantly more in memory. UTXO growth is driven by a number of factors, including the fact that there is little incentive to merge inputs, lost coins, dust outputs that can't be economically spent, and non-btc-value-transfer "blockchain" use-cases such as anti-replay oracles and timestamping.
We don't have good tools to combat UTXO growth. Segregated Witness proposes to give witness space a 75% discount, in part of make reducing the UTXO set size by spending txouts cheaper. While this may change wallets to more often spend dust, it's hard to imagine an incentive sufficiently strong to discourage most, let alone all, UTXO growing behavior.
For example, timestamping applications often create unspendable outputs due to ease of implementation, and because doing so is an easy way to make sure that the data required to reconstruct the timestamp proof won't get lost - all Bitcoin full nodes are forced to keep a copy of it. Similarly anti-replay use-cases like using the UTXO set for key rotation piggyback on the uniquely strong security and decentralization guarantee that Bitcoin provides; it's very difficult - perhaps impossible - to provide these applications with alternatives that are equally secure. These non-btc-value-transfer use-cases can often afford to pay far higher fees per UTXO created than competing btc-value-transfer use-cases; many users could afford to spend $50 to register a new PGP key, yet would rather not spend $50 in fees to create a standard two output transaction. Effective techniques to resist miner censorship exist, so without resorting to whitelists blocking non-btc-value-transfer use-cases as "spam" is not a long-term, incentive compatible, solution.
A hard upper limit on UTXO set size could create a more level playing field in the form of fixed minimum requirements to run a performant Bitcoin node, and make the issue of UTXO "spam" less important. However, making any coins unspendable, regardless of age or value, is a politically untenable economic change.
A merkle tree committing to the state of all transaction outputs, both spent and unspent, can provide a method of compactly proving the current state of an output. This lets us "archive" less frequently accessed parts of the UTXO set, allowing full nodes to discard the associated data, still providing a mechanism to spend those archived outputs by proving to those nodes that the outputs are in fact unspent.
Specifically TXO commitments proposes a Merkle Mountain Range1 (MMR), a type of deterministic, indexable, insertion ordered merkle tree, which allows new items to be cheaply appended to the tree with minimal storage requirements, just "mountain tips". Once an output is added to the TXO MMR it is never removed; if an output is spent its status is updated in place. Both the state of a specific item in the MMR, as well the validity of changes to items in the MMR, can be proven with sized proofs consisting of a merkle path to the tip of the tree.
At an extreme, with TXO commitments we could even have no UTXO set at all, entirely eliminating the UTXO growth problem. Transactions would simply be accompanied by TXO commitment proofs showing that the outputs they wanted to spend were still unspent; nodes could update the state of the TXO MMR purely from TXO commitment proofs. However, the bandwidth overhead per txin is substantial, so a more realistic implementation is be to have a UTXO cache for recent transactions, with TXO commitments acting as a alternate for the (rare) event that an old txout needs to be spent.
Proofs can be generated and added to transactions without the involvement of the signers, even after the fact; there's no need for the proof itself to signed and the proof is not part of the transaction hash. Anyone with access to TXO MMR data can (re)generate missing proofs, so minimal, if any, changes are required to wallet software to make use of TXO commitments.
TXO commitments aren't a new idea - the author proposed them years ago2 in response to UTXO commitments3. However it's critical for small miners' orphan rates that block validation be fast, and so far it has proven difficult to create (U)TXO implementations with acceptable performance; updating and recalculating cryptographicly hashed merkelized datasets is inherently more work than not doing so. Fortunately if we maintain a UTXO set for recent outputs, TXO commitments are only needed when spending old, archived, outputs. We can take advantage of this by delaying the commitment, allowing it to be calculated well in advance of it actually being used, thus changing a latency-critical task into a much easier average throughput problem.
Concretely each block commits to the TXO set state as of block , in other words what the TXO commitment would have been blocks ago, if not for the block delay. Since that commitment only depends on the contents of the blockchain up until block , the contents of any block after are irrelevant to the calculation.
UTXO set — Low-latency K:V map of txouts definitely known to be unspent. Similar to existing UTXO implementation, but with the key difference that old, unspent, outputs may be pruned from the UTXO set.
STXO set — Low-latency set of transaction outputs known to have been spent by transactions after the most recent TXO commitment, but created prior to the TXO commitment.
TXO journal — FIFO of outputs that need to be marked as spent in the TXO MMR. Appends must be low-latency; removals can be high-latency.
TXO MMR list — Prunable, ordered list of TXO MMR's, mainly the highest pending commitment, backed by a reference counted, cryptographically hashed object store indexed by digest (similar to how git repos work). High-latency ok. We'll cover this in more in detail later.
Recently created output — Output created after the most recent TXO commitment, so it should be in the UTXO set; the transaction spending it does not need a TXO commitment proof. Remove the output from the UTXO set and append it to the TXO journal.
Archived output — Output created prior to the most recent TXO commitment, so there's no guarantee it's in the UTXO set; transaction will have a TXO commitment proof for the most recent TXO commitment showing that it was unspent. Check that the output isn't already in the STXO set (double-spent), and if not add it. Append the output and TXO commitment proof to the TXO journal.
In both cases recording an output as spent requires no more than two key:value updates, and one journal append. The existing UTXO set requires one key:value update per spend, so we can expect new block validation latency to be within 2x of the status quo even in the worst case of 100% archived output spends.
In a low-priority background task we flush the TXO journal, recording the outputs spent by each block in the TXO MMR, and hashing MMR data to obtain the TXO commitment digest. Additionally this background task removes STXO's that have been recorded in TXO commitments, and prunes TXO commitment data no longer needed.
Throughput for the TXO commitment calculation will be worse than the existing UTXO only scheme. This impacts bulk verification, e.g. initial block download. That said, TXO commitments provides other possible tradeoffs that can mitigate impact of slower validation throughput, such as skipping validation of old history, as well as fraud proof approaches.
Each TXO MMR state is a modification of the previous one with most information shared, so we an space-efficiently store a large number of TXO commitments states, where each state is a small delta of the previous state, by sharing unchanged data between each state; cycles are impossible in merkelized data structures, so simple reference counting is sufficient for garbage collection. Data no longer needed can be pruned by dropping it from the database, and unpruned by adding it again. Since everything is committed to via cryptographic hash, we're guaranteed that regardless of where we get the data, after unpruning we'll have the right data.
This time part of state #1 wasn't reused - it's wasn't a perfect binary tree - but we've still got a lot of re-use.
Note that we're glossing over some nuance here about exactly what data needs to be kept; depending on the details of the implementation the only data we need for nodes "2" and "e" may be their hash digest.
Again, state #4 related data can be pruned. In addition, depending on how the STXO set is implemented may also be able to prune data related to spent txouts after that state, including inner nodes where all txouts under them have been spent (more on pruning spent inner nodes later).
It's important to note that pruning behavior is consensus critical: a full node that is missing data due to pruning it too soon will fall out of consensus, and a miner that fails to include a merkle proof that is required by the consensus is creating an invalid block. At the same time many full nodes will have significantly more data on hand than the bare minimum so they can help wallets make transactions spending old coins; implementations should strongly consider separating the data that is, and isn't, strictly required for consensus.
A reasonable approach for the low-level cryptography may be to actually treat the two cases differently, with the TXO commitments committing too what data does and does not need to be kept on hand by the UTXO expiration rules. On the other hand, leaving that uncommitted allows for certain types of soft-forks where the protocol is changed to require more data than it previously did.
Only the UTXO and STXO sets need to be kept on fast random access storage. Since STXO set entries can only be created by spending a UTXO - and are smaller than a UTXO entry - we can guarantee that the peak size of the UTXO and STXO sets combined will always be less than the peak size of the UTXO set alone in the existing UTXO-only scheme (though the combined size can be temporarily higher than what the UTXO set size alone would be when large numbers of archived txouts are spent).
TXO journal entries and unpruned entries in the TXO MMR have maximum overhead per entry: a unique merkle path to a TXO commitment (by "unique" we mean that no other entry shares data with it). On a reasonably fast system the TXO journal will be flushed quickly, converting it into TXO MMR data; the TXO journal will never be more than a few blocks in size.
Transactions spending non-archived txouts are not required to provide any TXO commitment data; we must have that data on hand in the form of one TXO MMR entry per UTXO. Once spent however the TXO MMR leaf node associated with that non-archived txout can be immediately pruned - it's no longer in the UTXO set so any attempt to spend it will fail; the data is now immutable and we'll never need it again. Inner nodes in the TXO MMR can also be pruned if all leafs under them are fully spent; detecting this is easy if the TXO MMR is a merkle-sum tree4, with each inner node committing to the sum of the unspent txouts under it.
When a archived txout is spent the transaction is required to provide a merkle path to the most recent TXO commitment. As shown above that path is sufficient information to unprune the necessary nodes in the TXO MMR and apply the spend immediately, reducing this case to the TXO journal size question (non-consensus critical overhead is a different question, which we'll address in the next section).
Taking all this into account the only significant storage overhead of our TXO commitments scheme when compared to the status quo is the merkle path overhead; as long as less than of the UTXO set is active, non-archived, UTXO's we've come out ahead, even in the unrealistic case where all storage available is equally fast. In the real world that isn't yet the case - even SSD's significantly slower than RAM.
The first challenge can be handled by specialized archival nodes, not unlike how some nodes make transaction data available to wallets via bloom filters or the Electrum protocol. There's a whole variety of options available, and the the data can be easily sharded to scale horizontally; the data is self-validating allowing horizontal scaling without trust.
While miners and relay nodes don't need to be concerned about the initial commitment proof, updating that proof is another matter. If a node aggressively prunes old versions of the TXO MMR as it calculates pending TXO commitments, it won't have the data available to update the TXO commitment proof to be against the next block, when that block is found; the child nodes of the TXO MMR tip are guaranteed to have changed, yet aggressive pruning would have discarded that data.
Relay nodes could ignore this problem if they simply accept the fact that they'll only be able to fully relay the transaction once, when it is initially broadcast, and won't be able to provide mempool functionality after the initial relay. Modulo high-latency mixnets, this is probably acceptable; the author has previously argued that relay nodes don't need a mempool5 at all.
For a miner though not having the data necessary to update the proofs as blocks are found means potentially losing out on transactions fees. So how much extra data is necessary to make this a non-issue?
Since the TXO MMR is insertion ordered, spending a non-archived txout can only invalidate the upper nodes in of the archived txout's TXO MMR proof (if this isn't clear, imagine a two-level scheme, with a per-block TXO MMRs, committed by a master MMR for all blocks). The maximum number of relevant inner nodes changed is per block, so if there are non-archival blocks between the most recent TXO commitment and the pending TXO MMR tip, we have to store inner nodes - on the order of a few dozen MB even when n is a (seemingly ridiculously high) year worth of blocks.
Archived txout spends on the other hand can invalidate TXO MMR proofs at any level - consider the case of two adjacent txouts being spent. To guarantee success requires storing full proofs. However, they're limited by the blocksize limit, and additionally are expected to be relatively uncommon. For example, if 1% of 1MB blocks was archival spends, our hypothetical year long TXO commitment delay is only a few hundred MB of data with low-IO-performance requirements.
Of course, a TXO commitment delay of a year sounds ridiculous. Even the slowest imaginable computer isn't going to need more than a few blocks of TXO commitment delay to keep up ~100% of the time, and there's no reason why we can't have the UTXO archive delay be significantly longer than the TXO commitment delay.
However, as with UTXO commitments, TXO commitments raise issues with Bitcoin's security model by allowing relatively miners to profitably mine transactions without bothering to validate prior history. At the extreme, if there was no commitment delay at all at the cost of a bit of some extra network bandwidth "full" nodes could operate and even mine blocks completely statelessly by expecting all transactions to include "proof" that their inputs are unspent; a TXO commitment proof for a commitment you haven't verified isn't a proof that a transaction output is unspent, it's a proof that some miners claimed the txout was unspent.
At one extreme, we could simply implement TXO commitments in a "virtual" fashion, without miners actually including the TXO commitment digest in their blocks at all. Full nodes would be forced to compute the commitment from scratch, in the same way they are forced to compute the UTXO state, or total work. Of course a full node operator who doesn't want to verify old history can get a copy of the TXO state from a trusted source - no different from how you could get a copy of the UTXO set from a trusted source.
A more pragmatic approach is to accept that people will do that anyway, and instead assume that sufficiently old blocks are valid. But how old is "sufficiently old"? First of all, if your full node implementation comes "from the factory" with a reasonably up-to-date minimum accepted total-work threshold6 - in other words it won't accept a chain with less than that amount of total work - it may be reasonable to assume any Sybil attacker with sufficient hashing power to make a forked chain meeting that threshold with, say, six months worth of blocks has enough hashing power to threaten the main chain as well.
That leaves public attempts to falsify TXO commitments, done out in the open by the majority of hashing power. In this circumstance the "assumed valid" threshold determines how long the attack would have to go on before full nodes start accepting the invalid chain, or at least, newly installed/recently reset full nodes. The minimum age that we can "assume valid" is tradeoff between political/social/technical concerns; we probably want at least a few weeks to guarantee the defenders a chance to organise themselves.
With this in mind, a longer-than-technically-necessary TXO commitment delay7 may help ensure that full node software actually validates some minimum number of blocks out-of-the-box, without taking shortcuts. However this can be achieved in a wide variety of ways, such as the author's prev-block-proof proposal8, fraud proofs, or even a PoW with an inner loop dependent on blockchain data. Like UTXO commitments, TXO commitments are also potentially very useful in reducing the need for SPV wallet software to trust third parties providing them with transaction data.
While we've shown that TXO commitments certainly could be implemented without increasing peak IO bandwidth/block validation latency significantly with the delayed commitment approach, we're far from being certain that they should be implemented this way (or at all).
Can a TXO commitment scheme be optimized sufficiently to be used directly without a commitment delay? Obviously it'd be preferable to avoid all the above complexity entirely.
Is it possible to use a metric other than age, e.g. priority? While this complicates the pruning logic, it could use the UTXO set space more efficiently, especially if your goal is to prioritise bitcoin value-transfer over other uses (though if "normal" wallets nearly never need to use TXO commitments proofs to spend outputs, the infrastructure to actually do this may rot).
Should UTXO archiving be based on a fixed size UTXO set, rather than an age/priority/etc. threshold?
By fixing the problem (or possibly just "fixing" the problem) are we encouraging/legitimising blockchain use-cases other than BTC value transfer? Should we?
Instead of TXO commitment proofs counting towards the blocksize limit, can we use a different miner fairness/decentralization metric/incentive? For instance it might be reasonable for the TXO commitment proof size to be discounted, or ignored entirely, if a proof-of-propagation scheme (e.g. thinblocks) is used to ensure all miners have received the proof in advance.
How does this interact with fraud proofs? Obviously furthering dependency on non-cryptographically-committed STXO/UTXO databases is incompatible with the modularized validation approach to implementing fraud proofs.


Ghost Inspector provides a number of built-in options and third party integrations for notifying you about test results. Notifications can be controlled on the test, suite, and organization levels giving you both broad and fine-grained control over your settings.
Test notifications can be controlled via the test settings area which is accessible by clicking the "Settings" button on your test. You will see a "Notifications" menu item with a screen for controlling email alerts and webhooks (plus any additional service integrations you have enabled). You can enable or disable each notification type for your test — or default to the suite's settings. Email alerts are sent as single emails with details about the test result. Webhooks allow you to specify URLs where Ghost Inspector will POST data about the test result in JSON format.
Similar notification settings are presented under both the suite's settings screen and the organization's setting screen, which can be used for broader control. In addition the built-in email alerts and webhooks, Ghost Inspector supports an ever growing list of third party services that you can integrate with for additional notifications.


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"Astas Romas" is organising the III "International Festival of Electronic Art 404", to be held at Plaza Cívica and Centro Cultural Parque de España, in Rosario, Argentina from November 30th to December 03rd, 2006.
"Astas Romas" is making a world-wide call to artists and theorists to participate in this third "Festival 404" in order to estimulate and divulge new productions around electronic art.
Authors may participate in the following areas: Net-art, Still image, Animation, Video, Music, Audio-visual set, Theory, Performance, Installation.
The program includes screening of videos and animations, conferences, performances and concerts.
Participation in this festival is free. There are no age or nationality limits.
The Festival's deadline to present works is on August 15th 2006. The date will be taken from the post office cancelling stamp.


STOKKE Tripp Trapp Baby Toddler Orange, Green & White High Chairs with Harnesses. Condition is Used, the White chair has external wear, but is structurally perfect. These chairs are absolutely adorable and make you smile just looking at them. Price is for the set of all 3 chairs. The item "STOKKE Tripp Trapp Toddler High Chairs in Orange, Green & White with Harnesses" is in sale since Sunday, February 10, 2019. This item is in the category "Baby\Feeding\High Chairs". The seller is "mmom_0" and is located in Teaneck, New Jersey. This item can't be shipped, the buyer must pick up the item.


Box of 50 sanding discs - Disc diameter 75mm.
The Rhynogrip Plusline is an optimum system for dry sanding applications.
The sanding discs have flexible latex paper with nylon grip backing system, and an excellent clogging resistance for a longer life.
Ideal for sanders with a dust extraction system for a cleaner working environment.


Certified Scrum Developer can be anyone with excellent knowledge in various Agile engineering processes and Scrum principles and proficient in using the same in a range of appropriate business scenarios. The CSD training program consists of two parts—the formal training and the assessment of the acquired skills in Agile and Scrum framework. The training program can help all software professionals who are required to carry out diverse software development activities in the Scrum setting. The training program is also conceived to equip the professionals who are required to develop various software programs that are iterative and incremental in nature.
A professional who wishes to become a certified scrum developer must undergo a training program that is scheduled for 3 days. It is conducted by a team of scrum alliance registered education provider and an in-house scrum Alliance authorised instructor. After undergoing the training program the candidate will be sent a notification to accept the licence for the same. Later the candidate will also be given the certification that can be added to your Scrum profile and it will have a validity of 2 years.
In order to become a certified scrum developer all the aspirants must take the training program. In order to certify that she or he has the adequate knowledge, the candidate must also take the test based on various Scrum concepts and Agile engineering practices. As per the requirements of the business or the training program, the candidate may need to undergo a written test or classroom-based test.
The CSD training program will be a great start for professionals who want to advance their skills in Scrum framework.


Leeds United are reeling from a heavy 4-1 defeat to West Brom.
Marcelo Bielsa's side were put to the sword at The Hawthorns, starting slow and finishing even worse, as four second half goals from Darren Moore's side gave them their heaviest defeat under the Argentine.
The defeat, coupled with wins for Norwich and Middlesbrough means that the Whites will enter the international break in third place, as the Championship shuts down for the next fortnight.
Bielsa himself began the post-mortem after the game, taking full responsibility for the defeat, but there will be plenty more analysis to come in next couple of days.
Stay tuned for all of the latest from Elland Road and the rest of the Championship as it happens right here.
We're going to pull the shutters down on this blog for today.
We'll be back first thing in the morning to get you through the international break.
Did last night's defeat at The Hawthorns hit Leeds' promotion hopes?
Not according to the bookmakers.
Only four teams in English foootball have seen a higher percentage of their matches shown on TV than Leeds United this season.
Leeds, West Brom, and Derby County have all played each other, and all three teams have one 4-1 victory, and one 4-1 defeat each.
The Championship is a strange league, isn't it?
It may have been a nightmare afternoon at The Hawthorns, but Leeds' travelling army made the most of it by coming up with a great new chant for Polish midfielder Matusz Klich.
Here's what he made of it.
Darren Moore has revealed how he was able to outwit the masterful Marcelo Bielsa, attributing the win to having a full week on the training ground with his team, and no mid-week game to contend with.
Read more from the Baggies boss here.
Habib Habibou - remember him?
It feels as though the ex-loanee represents a Leeds United far removed from Marcelo Bielsa's, yet he was on Mundial's radar this weekend.
A poor defeat for Leeds at The Hawthorns tonight.
A worrying sounding injury to Brentfod striker Neal Maupay in the B's clash against QPR.
We've landed at The Hawthorns where we're expecting a decent match tonight.
Follow all of our coverage in our matchday blog here.
Just a reminder for Leeds United fans to get yourselves along to this on November 19. As we head into Christmas, let's talk Leeds and this fascinating season under Marcelo Bielsa.
Does being top after 16 games mean anything?
It is the highest Championship points tally Leeds United has ever had at this stage, yet fans will be wary of the dip in form last season after leading the table early in the season. We've crunched the numbers based on previous years to see what happens to the team in our position at this point during the campaign.
It was great to hear from Pablo Hernandez in this week's pre-match press conference. After returning from injury to the side, the Spaniard has looked at his best in recent games. This is everything he had to say ahead of the trip to West Brom, where he was asked about form, his future and family!
Thanks for a first-half penalty save for Sheffield Wednesday, neither side could break the deadlock in last night's derby. It means Sheffield United are now level on points with Leeds and Norwich with the whites still topping the Championship on goal difference.
Wins for Norwich, Middlesbrough or Derby will see Leeds drop down the table. The result at West Brom will determine how long that will be for.
We have around eight hours until kick-off at the Hawthorns. West Brom are five points adrift of Leeds in the table but were one of the early favourites in the race for promotion. They haven't won though in over a month since a comfortable 4-1 against Reading on October 6.
No goals in tonight's Championship game between the two Sheffield sides.
And that means Leeds will start Saturday as the Championship leaders, as the point for the Blades is only enough to see them move level on points with Leeds, but behind Bielsa's men on goal difference.
"I think the best offensive players of the Championship play in West Bromwich," says Leeds manager Marcelo Bielsa.
Leeds travel to The Hawthorns to play the only side to have scored more league goals than them this season, and despite recent poor form from the West Midlands side, the boss thinks the game will be the ultimate test of Leeds' promotion credentials.
Playmaker Pablo Hernandez says that the recent "baby boom" could be a good thing for Leeds United.
Mateusz Klich, Pontus Jansson and Kemar Roofe have all welcomed little ones in the past few weeks, and the Spaniard says that when they can rely on help from their wife and family having kids is "a good thing in life" for players.
The youngster says he is hoping for a goal and three points in his first game back at his original club.
It's international break time again, with a two week break following tomorrow's game at The Hawthorns.
A number of Leeds United men will be in action, including a fiery game for Stuart Dallas and Bailey Peacock-Farrell. And you can watch the Leeds players in action.
There's still tickets available for our podcast recording and pub quiz night.
They cost just £5 and that includes a free drink, so what's not to love?
The latest in our Leeds United Centurions series has dropped.
Jon Howe has this time taken a trip down memory lane with Arthur Graham, dubbing him 'a much-cherished player in an era of little cheer'.
Have a read of Jon's piece here.
Leeds United's very own 'Jesus' has backed them for a convincing away win against West Brom tomorrow.
David Prutton was given the biblical nickname by Leeds fans as a player due to his long hair, and he predicted on Sky Sports that his old club will claim a 3-1 away win.
Leeds United haven't played at Elland Road for a couple of weeks, so what has that done to the attendance table?
We've totted up everyone's total attendances to see if Leeds top another table.
It's player and manager of the month time, with Birmingham forward Lukas Jutkiewicz and QPR boss Steve McClaren taking the honours.
Quite the turnaround for ex-England boss McClaren, following his side's wretched start to the season.


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Q: Handling sessions in jQuery Mobile and PHP I'm writing a JQM web app with a PHP web service. Users will be able to sign-in and register that they've made a purchase of, for instance, a soda from the club. This info will be stored in a database and eventually billed.
To illustrate what I want to do: I have already implemented this as an Android app. My "session handling" in the Android app consists of simply storing the user's credentials in Android's savedPeferences (persistent local storage) upon succesful authentication with the server. These credentials are then resent with every subsequent server request so that users only ever have to sign-in once - upon running the app for the first time.
I want to mimic this behavior in my JQM app as closely as possible. Ideally, the user should only ever have to sign in once unless they choose log out.
I'm a bit rusty when it comes to website programming, so what would be the best approach? Non-expiring cookings? Do I use a PHP session or handle everything in javascript?
This is for a hobby project; I prefer a simple solution over something overly secure and complex. Thanks!
Edit: After reading Mike's answer I stumbled across this plugin: https://github.com/carhartl/jquery-cookie
Perhaps this is the easiest way to keep users logged in..?

A: PHP sessions are going to be invalidated after a set amount of time (depending on your php.ini settings or any runtime modificatoins to the settings).
You can use long-time expiring cookies to persist a login (typically user is given checkbox at login to allow their login credential to be stored).
Since you are developing for a mobile device, you do also have the alternative of using HTML5 local storage since most every Android browser out there supports it. See more info at the link below.
HTML5 Local storage info
I prefer this as the login hash could be persisted even if the user clears their browser cookies and it can be handled strictly within Javascript.


There are schools offering visual communications degrees in California!
Each year, roughly 0.3% of California students graduate with degrees in visual communications. That means an estimated 2,374 visual communications professionals graduate from California's 114 visual communications schools each year.
Stanford University, which was ranked 2nd nationwide in 2010, is the top-ranked school in California that has a visual communications program. It is located in Stanford. In 2010, 3 students graduated from Stanford University's visual communications program. Tuition at Stanford University was $40,172 per year.
The second-ranked school in California with a visual communications program is University of California-Berkeley, which is located in Berkeley. In 2010, it was ranked 5th nationwide. In 2010, University of California-Berkeley graduated 1 students from its visual communications program. Students at University of California-Berkeley paid $10,940 per year in tuition fees.
The third-ranked school in California that has a visual communications program is University of California-Los Angeles. University of California-Los Angeles, which was ranked 5th in the country in 2010, is located in Los Angeles. In 2010, 1 students graduated from University of California-Los Angeles visual communications program. The tuition rate at University of California-Los Angeles was $10,781 per year.
A visual communications degree from a California school... what next?
The government projects that, by 2018, the number of visual communications professionals in the state of California will grow to 69,000. This would require a 7% growth in the field.
The charts and graphs below have additional California statistics regarding a career in visual communications. Take a look and compare salaries with various related fields such as visual communications or art.