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Amy Howe Independent Contractor and Reporter
Posted Mon, April 21st, 2014 6:59 pm
Aereo — Just the middleman, or a scofflaw? In Plain English
Posted Mon, April 21st, 2014 6:59 pm by Amy Howe
For those of us who grew up adjusting the rabbit ears on our seventies-era televisions (and having to get up to change the channel to one of the other four or five available stations – no remote controls!), the service offered by Aereo, Inc., is nothing short of miraculous. For just eight dollars a month, you get the ability to start watching a TV program – say, the Super Bowl – live on your iPhone while you are out of your house. When you get home, you can pick up seamlessly where you left off on your television or desktop computer. Or, you can record the entire program on a remote DVR assigned to you and watch the whole thing later on.
What could possibly be wrong with Aereo's business model? For ABC and the rest of the broadcast television industry, pretty much everything. In their view, Aereo is blatantly violating federal copyright laws (and possibly jeopardizing the entire broadcast industry) by streaming live TV over the Internet without paying the networks for the right to do so. Aereo counters that everything it does is completely legal: the TV programs that it makes available are already broadcast for free over the public airwaves; Aereo is just making it easier and more efficient for its subscribers to watch those programs. Tomorrow, the Supreme Court will hear oral arguments from both sides of the dispute, with a decision expected by summer. Here's the lowdown on American Broadcasting Companies, Inc. v. Aereo, Inc., in Plain English.
Let's start with some basic principles of copyright law. Copyright law is intended to strike a balance. We want to encourage people to write books, compose music, and (among other things) produce TV shows for the public to enjoy. But at the same time, we want to provide an incentive for people to do these things. One way that copyright law does so is by giving the owner of a copyright the exclusive right to perform the work in public. So you can't, for example, perform a copyrighted play without the owner's permission – which will often require a fee, known as a "license."
In 1976, Congress passed new copyright laws to make clear what it means to "perform . . . a work 'publicly.'" The new laws were in part a response to two Supreme Court decisions that allowed companies to use cables to transmit television programs to viewers who could not pick them up on their antennas. Congress defined the phrase broadly as "to transmit . . . a performance . . . to the public, by means of any device or process, whether the members of the public . . . receive it in the same place or in separate places and at the same time or at different times." The 1976 law also defined "transmit" broadly: "to communicate . . . by any device or process" – which includes technology that had not yet been developed – "whereby images or sounds are received beyond the place from which they are sent."
Enter Aereo, whose website touts the fact that, if you subscribe to Aereo, there is "no new hardware to buy or install." Instead, when you tune in on your iPhone, tablet, computer, or home TV, you are assigned a "tiny remote antenna" housed with thousands of others at an Aereo facility. That antenna starts making a recording of the program that you want; you can then either start watching the program "live" (after a few seconds) or save it on a hard drive until you want to watch it later.
ABC, CBS, NBC, Fox, and other broadcasters went to court to stop Aereo from streaming their copyrighted programs to its subscribers. But the court of appeals ruled in Aereo's favor, ruling that, because the company is providing each of its subscribers with an individual transmission of a copyrighted program, it isn't transmitting performances to the "public"; it is just sending out many thousands of separate "private" performances. A dissenting judge sharply criticized Aereo, writing that its system was a "sham" because "there is no technologically sound reason to use a multitude of tiny individual antennas rather than one central antenna." Both the broadcast industry and Aereo then asked the Supreme Court to weigh in, which it agreed to do in January.
For the broadcasters, this is an easy case that falls squarely within the language that Congress added to the copyright laws nearly forty years ago. When it captures the programs that the industry broadcasts over the air and then re-transmits them to its subscribers over the Internet, the broadcasters argue, Aereo is clearly transmitting a performance to the public. This is so, they contend, even if Aereo's subscribers are each receiving separate re-transmissions at their own homes or on their own devices, through their own individual antennas.
The broadcast industry also emphasizes that the networks have "invested billions of dollars" in programming; they get their investments back through advertising and by licensing the rights to use the programming to, for example, cable companies. They warn that if Aereo wins this case, others will follow. And that, they predict, will harm not only broadcast television – by reducing the money that the networks will earn from the companies who do pay to re-transmit their programs – but copyright law more generally, as the Aereo system will provide a blueprint to use the Internet to get around other copyright restrictions.
In Aereo's eyes, there is nothing "public" about its transmissions: its equipment allows an Aereo subscriber to receive her own individual transmission of a TV program that has been recorded by her own individual antenna. No one else can watch that particular transmission. Aereo is, it contends, also well within the bounds of the law because the "performance" that is sent out by the antenna over the Internet is not the "performance" that the broadcasters sent out over the airways. Instead, it's simply a playback of the recording that the subscriber made. And, in any event, Aereo adds, it cannot be liable for violations of the copyright laws because it is just the middleman: its subscribers are the ones who tell Aereo's equipment to record the television broadcasts and then play them back on their own devices. In that sense, Aereo contends, it is not really any different from someone who pulls a show off the airwaves using an old-fashioned antenna and then records it on a VCR; the technology is just better.
Aereo also pushes back against the networks' dire warnings about the effects of a ruling in its favor, telling the Court both that the networks have no right under the copyright laws to be paid for the re-transmission of their over-the-air broadcasts in the original markets and that most of the networks' revenues come from advertising (which also gets shown to Aereo's subscribers) anyway. Finally, Aereo counters with its own caveat, cautioning that a ruling against it would "gravely threaten" computer technology that allows computer users to store copyrighted files like songs and movies "in the cloud" – that is, remotely – and use the Internet to play them back on their devices on demand.
The Justices are not known for their technological expertise, so it will be interesting to see how they grapple tomorrow with the issues that this case presents. In addition to lawyers from the networks and Aereo, they will also hear from the federal government, which filed a brief taking the networks' side. The government argues that Aereo's predictions about the effects of a ruling for the networks on "cloud computing" are overblown because – unlike Aereo — consumers will normally be playing back songs or movies that they have already acquired legally. For a Court that likes to move cautiously when high-tech issues are involved, that may provide exactly the kind of reassurances that the Justices need. We'll know much more after the argument tomorrow morning, and we'll report back in Plain English.
Posted in American Broadcasting Companies v. Aereo, Plain English / Cases Made Simple, Featured, Merits Cases
Recommended Citation: Amy Howe, Aereo — Just the middleman, or a scofflaw? In Plain English, SCOTUSblog (Apr. 21, 2014, 6:59 PM), https://www.scotusblog.com/2014/04/aereo-just-the-middleman-or-a-scofflaw-in-plain-english/


View Jobs in NGO View All Jobs at When Prof. Joep Lange founded PharmAccess in 2001, he was determined to turn his groundbreaking scientific research on triple-combination drug therapy into action. His drive brought life-saving AIDS treatment to those who needed it most. Joep's vision of increasing access to affordable and better healthcare for people in sub-Saharan Africa is still at the heart of what we do.Building on this work on the front lines of HIV/AIDS treatment, our focus has broadened to making healthcare finance and delivery more effective and more inclusive. We pioneer innovations that explore new directions and provide real world solutions in order to reverse the vicious cycle that stifles progress. We mobilize public and private resources for the benefit of doctors and patients through a combination of health insurance, loans for healthcare providers, quality standards, provider services, health analytics and mHealth innovations, that have been tested in our mHealth lab.We believe that mobile technology has the potential to revolutionize the healthcare sector and reach people who until now have remained structurally excluded (read article "Africa on the rise"). It can reduce barriers to savings, remittances and insurance for health, cut costs, generate data to reduce risks and increase knowledge, and serve as a platform for training and education. We have been developing and testing mobile money-based health financing solutions since 2013. One such innovation is the M-TIBA mobile health wallet, a digital wallet on the mobile phone that contains funds and benefits that can only be used for healthcare. Ideas and new developments first get tested in our mHealth Labs. These labs are an integrated live testing ground identify gaps that prevent access to quality healthcare or access to health financing and to ideate and test mobile health solutions to address these gaps. Through this approach we aim to become a frontrunner in digital innovation for healthcarePharmAccess has a multidisciplinary team of professionals in Kenya, Tanzania, Ghana, Nigeria, Namibia and the Netherlands. Our work builds on a solid base of national and international public-private partnerships. Among the donors and development organizations supporting our work are the Dutch government, the Dutch Postcode Lottery, World Bank/IFC, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the UK's Department for International Development (DFID).Our partners also include multinationals like Safaricom, Heineken, Shell, Zilveren Kruis | Achmea and Pfizer.In Africa, we collaborate with several governments, parastatals such as Kenya's National Hospital Insurance Fund or Tanzania's National Health Insurance Fund, insurance companies such as Hygeia, banks, health maintenance organizations and social franchise networks such as Marie Stopes International (MSI), Society for Family Health (SFH) and Population Services International (PSI).


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This week's startling developments in Judge Brett Kavanaugh's confirmation showed even further that he is totally unfit to serve on the Supreme Court, which makes Senate Republicans' insistence on advancing this process all the more dismaying. But we're not giving up.
I've been working hard to oppose Jude Kavanaugh's appointment to the highest court in the land. As Co-Chair of the Pro-Choice Caucus, I sounded the alarm about him early on, warning he would strip away reproductive rights and chip away at access to affordable health care. Now, multiple allegations of sexual assault against him show his disrespect for women could run much, much deeper. On Wednesday, I joined Democratic leader Nancy Pelosi and fellow House members in demanding Republicans not give him a pass on this alleged behavior. What message would that send to young men and women?
On Thursday, Dr. Christine Blasey Ford, the first woman whose claims of sexual assault against Judge Kavanaugh became public, bravely shared the painful details of her experience with the Senate Judiciary Committee and the world. While Judge Kavanaugh's responses to questioning were unjudicial, Dr. Ford's earnest testimony further proves there is plenty of reason to believe her allegations. As more women come forward, it's clear that President Trump needs to withdraw his nomination. Proceeding with this sham of a confirmation process is an insult to sexual harassment and assault survivors everywhere.
Despite these high stakes, a committee vote was scheduled today in keeping with Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell's promise to "push through" Brett Kavanaugh's confirmation. This morning, my congressional colleagues and I walked from the steps of the U.S. Capitol to the Senate Judiciary Committee hearing room to show our opposition to this decision and to stand in solidarity with these and all survivors of sexual harassment and assault. This afternoon, the committee voted 11 to 10 to advance his nomination. This support for him sends a chilling message to survivors. We must keep working to keep this man off of the court, and we must continue encouraging women to share their stories. Their bravery is making a difference, no matter the outcome of this confirmation process.
In other areas, we were able to make positive progress this week. On Thursday, the Health Subcommittee of the Energy and Commerce Committee held a hearing on the serious issue of maternal mortality. Far too many American women are risking their lives in the delivery room -- in fact, more and more by the year. According to the Centers for Disease Control, maternal mortality rose by 26 percent in the United States between 2000 and 2014. I spoke about one way Congress can help reverse this alarming trend: pass the Preventing Maternal Deaths Act (HR 1318), which provides federal support for Maternal Mortality Review Committees, state-level panels that are already succeeding in saving lives. I'm pleased our committee addressed this major public health crisis, and I hope it also puts our bipartisan bill on the fast track to becoming law.
I was also pleased to meet with several groups of Coloradans this week who are visiting DC to advocate for other important priorities. Travis Tygart, the CEO of the US Anti-Doping Agency, and Olympic bronze medalist Emma Coburn came by on Wednesday to discuss the serious issue of doping in organized sports, which I'm investigating through the Energy and Commerce Committee. And on Thursday, I spoke with representatives for Protect Our Winters about climate change's threat to the outdoor industry, along with the need to pass my Colorado Wilderness Act, which will preserve more of our state's wild places. Colorado's economy depends on these efforts to protect our natural splendor.
Tuesday was National Voter Registration Day, an occasion to recommit ourselves to exercising this freedom and fighting against voter suppression efforts still underway across America. I'm working to counter this threat and expand ballot access through supporting legislation such as the Voting Rights Advancement Act. We can all join in this fight by the simple yet revolutionary act of voting, because, as my friend and colleague Rep. John Lewis said, "The right to vote is precious, almost sacred. It is the most powerful nonviolent tool or instrument we have in a democratic society. We must use it." Register to vote in Colorado here.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Q: How to get variable from javascript to rails I get such javascript:
  FB.api('/me', function(response) {
      var name = response.name;
          first_name = response.first_name;
      alert("Name: "+ name + "\nFirst name: "+ first_name);}

How I could get value of name and first_name to rails controller?
I use Rails 3.2.

A: Place the value of the javascript array in a request parameter, either via ajax or by setting the value of a form input.  I'm going to use jQuery in my examples:
Option 1 (ajax):
$.post('/users/some_action', {"name" : name, "first_name", first_name})

Option 2 (setting a form):
$('#name').val(name)
$('#first_name').val(first_name)

In your controller:
name = params[:name]
first_name = params[:first_name]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Awareness remains an issue as global climate strikes draw millions
By Brian Roewe National Catholic Reporter September 30, 2019 https://www.ncronline.org/news/environment/awareness-remains-issue-global-climate-strikes-draw-millions
'We all need to wake up:' Indigenous youth lend their support to climate strikes
By Jessica Deer CBC News September 27, 2019 https://www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/indigenous-youth-climate-strike-1.5298524
Pope to UN summit: Climate change linked to ethical decline
By Courtney Mares Catholic News Agency September 24, 2019 https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/pope-to-un-summit-climate-change-linked-to-ethical-decline-81105
Solutions to save, protect forests needed 'without delay,' says cardinal
Catholic News Service Crux September 24, 2019 https://cruxnow.com/vatican/2019/09/25/solutions-to-save-protect-forests-needed-without-delay-says-cardinal/
To aid the environment, Buddhism teaches us to see interdependence between nature and living
By the Venerable Thubten Jampa The Spokesman-Review September 23, 2019 https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2019/sep/23/faith-and-values-to-aid-the-environment-buddhism-t/
Wisconsin Green Muslims Joins Call for Action at Saturday Climate Rally
Wisconsin Muslim Journal September 24, 2019 https://wisconsinmuslimjournal.org/wisconsin-green-muslims-joins-call-for-action-at-saturday-climate-rally/
Activists say the Church needs to 'scale up' in face of climate emergency
By Christopher White Crux September 23, 2019 https://cruxnow.com/church-in-the-usa/2019/09/23/activists-say-the-church-needs-to-scale-up-in-face-of-climate-emergency/
Catholic school students mix faith and activism at climate change rally
By Carol Zimmerman Catholic News Service Catholic San Francisco September 20, 2019 https://www.catholic-sf.org/news/catholic-school-students-mix-faith-and-activism-at-climate...
Catholic network: Nations have 'moral duty' to fight climate change
By Simon Caldwell Catholic News Service Crux September 20, 2019 https://cruxnow.com/church-in-the-usa/2019/09/20/catholic-network-nations-have-moral-duty-to-fight-climate-...
'The dominant theological issue': Bill McKibben wants your pastor at the global climate strike
Full title: 'The dominant theological issue': Environmentalist Bill McKibben wants your pastor at the global climate strikeBy Whitney Bauck Washington Post September 19,...
23 reasons to join Friday's Climate Strike
By Bill McKibben National Catholic Reporter September 19, 2019 https://www.ncronline.org/news/environment/23-reasons-join-fridays-climate-strike
Intergenerational solidarity: Elders join youth in climate strikes
By Brian Roewe National Catholic Reporter September 19, 2019 https://www.ncronline.org/news/environment/intergenerational-solidarity-elders-join-youth-climate-strikes
Interfaith leaders step up to protect the world's 'sacred' rainforests
By Justin Catanoso Mongabay September 17, 2019 https://news.mongabay.com/2019/09/interfaith-leaders-step-up-to-protect-the-worlds-sacred-rainforests/
Massachusetts Catholic bishops call for action on climate change, environmental protection
By Anne-Gerard Flynn Mass Live September 16, 2019 https://www.masslive.com/news/2019/09/massachusetts-catholic-bishops-call-for-action-on-climate-change-environmental-...
Defenders of the Earth: UN Champions whose passion for the planet defined their lives
UN Environment September 16, 2019 https://www.unenvironment.org/news-and-stories/story/defenders-earth-un-champions-whose-passion-planet-defined-their-lives
Katharine Hayhoe reconciles Christianity and climate science
By Peter Segall Juneau Empire September 14, 2019 https://www.juneauempire.com/news/katharine-hayhoe-reconciles-christianity-and-climate-science/
Faith pledges push global fossil fuel divestments over $11 trillion
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Why Turkish academic Ibrahim Ozdemir is pushing for an Islamic approach to environmentalism
By Austin Bodetti The New Arab September 12, 2019 https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/indepth/2019/9/12/ibrahim-ozdemir-one-of-turkeys-most-prominent-environmentalists
Indigenous Leaders Fight To Save America's Largest National Forest
The Real News Network September 10, 2019 The Trump administration wants to open millions of acres of Alaskan forest for mining, logging, and development. Osprey Orielle Lake...
Our 'common home' is burning
By Miguel H. Díaz National Catholic Reporter September 10, 2019 https://www.ncronline.org/news/environment/theology-en-la-plaza/our-common-home-burning
In Hawaii, Mauna Kea 'protectors' fight telescope project with prayer
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For Pope Francis, a Perfect Moment for an Unsettling Warning on the Environment
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Pope urges politicians to take 'drastic measures' on climate change
By Philip Pullella Reuters September 1, 2019 Read article here.


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The Architect's Newspaper Awards
About AN
ABOUT A|N BEST OF DESIGN 2018
The Architect's Newspaper speaks directly to leaders in architecture and design with news, products, developments, trends, and updates. With our magazine, A|N Interior, our outreach to the design community has grown exponentially.
Our Sixth Annual Best Of Design Awards is a unique project-based awards program that showcases great buildings, building elements, interiors, and installations.
Entrants are invited to submit completed works in 45 categories that reflect A|N's editorial coverage, as well as the interests and obsessions of our readers.
The BoD jury will judge entries based on several criteria—strength of the presentation, evidence of innovation, creative use of new technology, sustainability, and, most importantly, good design.
New for 2018, we are accepting submissions from Mexico and Canada. We have also expanded our Interiors and Unbuilt categories.
Tei Carpenter
Agency—Agency
Tei Carpenter is an architectural designer, educator and founder of New York City based design studio Agency—Agency. The studio's recently completed work includes a new non-profit headquarters in downtown Houston and a winning entry for LA+ Journal's island competition. In 2018, Agency—Agency was named one of the New Practices New York by the American Institute of Architects New York. She is Adjunct Assistant Professor at Columbia University's Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation and Director of the Waste Initiative, an applied research and design platform.
Carpenter's design and research work into architecture's entanglement with emerging natures has been supported by the New York State Council on the Arts and has been exhibited at the Storefront for Art and Architecture and at the 2016 Venice Biennale. Recent design work and writing have appeared in Cite, Pidgin, and Plat. Previously she has taught at Brown University, Cornell University, City College of New York and at Rice University as the Wortham Visiting Lecturer. Carpenter earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in Philosophy from Brown University and her Master of Architecture degree from Princeton University where she was awarded the Howard Crosby Butler Traveling Fellowship in Architecture.
Andrés Jaque
Andrés Jaque -Phd Architect (ETSAM), Alfred Toepfer Stiftung's Tessenow Stipendiat (Hamburg) and Graham Foundation Grantee- is the founder of the Office for Political Innovation, an international architectural practice working in the intersection of design, research and critical practices. He is the author of awarded projects including 'Plasencia Clergy Hall of Residence', 'House in Never Never Land', 'TUPPER HOME', 'ESCARAVOX' or 'COSMO, MoMA PS1'.
In 2016, he received the Frederick Kiesler Prize from the City of Vienna, and he has been awarded with the SILVER LION to the Best Research Project at the 14th Venice Biennale, the Dionisio Hernández Gil Award and the London Design Museum's Designs of the Year Selection.
His publications include Transmaterial Politics (2017), Calculable (2016) PHANTOM. Mies as Rendered Society, Different Kinds of Water Pouring into a Swimming Pool, Dulces Arenas Cotidianas (2013), Everyday Politics (2011), Melnikov. 1000 Autos Garage in Paris 1929 (2004).
He is the Director of the Advanced Architectural Design Program at Columbia University Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation, Visiting Professor at Princeton University School of Architecture, and Co-Curator of MANIFESTA 12 in Palermo (2018).
His research work has been published in Perspecta, Log, Thresholds, Volume, among many others.
The design work of his office has been published in the most important architectural and general media, including A+U, Bauwelt, Domus, El Croquis, The Architectural Review and The New York Times, Wall Street Journal, The Guardian, El País; and it has been exhibited at the Museum of Modern Art MoMA, London Design Museum, MAK in Vienna, Tel Aviv Museum of Art, RED CAT Cal Arts Contemporary Art Center in Los Angeles, Z33 in Hasselt, Schweizerisches Architektur Museum in Basel, Princeton University SoA and the Cité de l'Architecture et du Patrimoine de Paris among many others.
William Menking
The Architect's Newspaper
Menking has curated and written catalogues for exhibitions including; Archigram: Experimental Architecture 1961-1974, Superstudio Life Without Object's, and The Vienna Model: Housing for the 21st Century. In 2008 he was U.S. Commissioner of Into the Open: Positioning Practice at The Venice Biennale. He co-authored Four Conversations on the Architecture Of Discourse and Architecture on Display and His essay Mr. Mumford's Neighborhood appears in the book Forty Ways To Think About Architecture (Routledge) . His writings have appeared in The Society of Architectural Historians, Journal of Architectural Education, Monocle, Perspecta etc. He was Visiting Scholar at UC Berkeley (2011) and Professor of Architecture at Pratt Institute.
Pratik Raval
Transsolar
Pratik helps lead Transsolar's New York team and spearheads high-comfort low-environmental impact design for a diverse range of projects. His focus on human-centric solutions and appreciation for architectural vision generate synergies between engineered concepts and experiential qualities that enhance overall architecture design. Many of his projects feature first ever low-energy solutions in modern architecture and are celebrated for their architecturally integrated sustainable designs. Pratik is a lecturer at SA+P at MIT where he teaches a graduate course and an architecture studio on sustainable design.
Jesse Reiser
RUR Architecture DPC
Jesse Reiser is a principal of RUR Architecture DPC in New York and a Professor of Architecture at Princeton University. Reiser + Umemoto, RUR Architecture, is an internationally recognized multidisciplinary design firm, which has built projects at a wide range of scales: from furniture design, to residential and commercial structures, up to the scale of landscape, urban design, and infrastructure. Among their notable projects, the Taipei Pop Music Center and the Kaohsiung Port Terminal presently under construction in Taiwan are slated for completion in 2020. O-14, a 22-story exoskeletal office tower in Dubai was completed in 2012. The Kaohsiung Port Terminal received the 2014 Progressive Architecture Award, and O-14 has received numerous international honors, including an AIA Design Award, the Concrete Industry Board's 2009 Award of Merit and the American Council of Engineering Companies' 2009 Diamond Award. The work of Reiser + Umemoto has been published and exhibited widely; the firm was awarded the Chrysler Award for Excellence in Design in 1999, and the Academy Award in Architecture by the American Academy of Arts and Letters in 2000. Jesse has been a fellow of the American Academy in Rome since 1985 and became an honorary fellow of the University of Tokyo, School of Engineering in 2014.
Matt Shaw
Shaw is the Senior Editor of The Architect's Newspaper. He has worked for the Columbia Laboratory for Architectural Broadcasting (C-Lab), Storefront for Art and Architecture, Architizer, and has been published in The Architectural Review, Beyond, Domus, and Icon. He wrote and researched two editions of Domus' guidebook Europe's Top 100 Architecture and Design Schools. Shaw leads the experimental research group the Critical Method Unit (CMU) at Syracuse University NYC Architecture Program and has been an invited critic at numerous schools including Yale University, Columbia University, and UCLA. He is also the founder and co-editor of Mockitecture, a half-manifesto/half-satire collection of architectural debauchery.
Adaptive Restoration
Indoor, Outdoor
Architectural Representiation
Analog, Digital
Mid-Atlantic, Midwest, North East, South East, Southwest, West
Civic Institution
Administrative, Cultural, Education
Hospitality, Office + Retail Albina Yard
Civic and Commerical, Residential
Residential, Retail/Hospitality, Workplace
Private, Public
Multi-Unit, Single Unit
Commerical, Public Infrastructure, Public Landscape, Residential
Urban Design India Basin
Restoration & Preservation
Architectural Lighting — Indoor
Architectural Lighting — Outdoor
Architectural Representation — Analog
Architectural Representation — Digital
Commercial — Hospitality
Commercial Retail + Mixed Use
Interior > Institutional
Interior > Hospitality
Interior > Residential
Interior > Retail
Interior > Workplace
Landscape > Residential
Landscape > Public
New Materials >
Residential > Multi-Unit
Residential > Single Unit
Unbuilt > Commerical
Unbuilt > Cultural
Unbuilt > Education
Unbuilt > Public
Unbuilt > Residential
Unbuilt > Urban Design
Unbuilt > Green
Unbuilt > Landscape
Unbuilt > Interior
Young Architects Award (Emerging)
Healthcare > Interior
© Invisible Sill, Vitrocsa | 2016 Openings Winner
AWARD DATES & DETAILS
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September issue of The Architect's Newspaper
Winners will be published in A|N's Best Of Products feature in our September 2018 print editions, online features, and on our social media platforms. In addition the winners will be featured in the December Best of Design Special Issue.
Be seen by 1,000,000 A|N readers and Members of the A/E/C Design Community!
Products must have been introduced to the U.S. market no earlier than January 2017 and must be available through December 2018.
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Registration + entry submission must be completed via the registration portal linked to this page. Submissions must include photographs of the finished project and a written description (200-word limit). Submissions cannot include the company, brand, or studio name; logos, or any other identifying mark.
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While overall poverty is relatively low in France, it can be highly concentrated at the neighbourhood level. In some cases, 40% of households in such neighbourhoods are below the relative poverty line. Unemployment is high, children struggle in school, housing and urban infrastructure is run down, and there is a lack of local employers, public and private services, and amenities. The French government deploys special education, employment, business and safety measures in these areas.
There are also policies to promote social mixing: municipalities in areas of tension must devote at least 25% of housing to social housing or face fines. The Programme National pour la Rénovation Urbaine is a large-scale urban renovation programme that aims to attract residents from wealthier areas to lower-income neighbourhoods where dilapidated social housing estates have been replaced with smaller units mixing social, private rental and owner-occupied housing. Such policies are based on the idea that high geographical concentrations of poverty reinforce and reproduce economic and social disadvantage. Indeed, in the United States, children who move away from neighbourhoods with a high concentration of poverty are found to attain higher levels of education and earnings than their peers who stayed behind.
While these results do not necessarily carry over to the French context where poverty overall is much lower and the social safety net stronger than in the US, there is clear evidence that social disadvantage is reinforced for inhabitants of France's poor neighbourhoods. Their unemployment risk is almost double that of individuals with comparable characteristics who live in wealthier neighbourhoods. Studies show that this is partly due to discrimination: those with foreign-sounding names or addresses in lower-income areas are less likely to obtain job interviews. Another issue is that many lower-income neighbourhoods are remote and poorly connected to transport infrastructure and services. This is especially a problem during off-hours, which particularly impacts low-skilled workers who are also less likely to have a driver's license or own a car. The recently released OECD Economic Survey of France concludes that active policies are needed to fight discrimination. This can include awareness campaigns for employment recruiters, mentoring and coaching sessions for job seekers, and direct placements with potential employers, something that has worked well for university graduates.
While the urban renovation programme has improved infrastructure, and many residents are satisfied with the results, the impact on social mixity is unclear. Echoing the experiences of other countries, many people whose buildings were being demolished to make way for mixed housing were relocated to other high-poverty neighbourhoods. Moreover, mixing different kinds of housing has not brought about more social interaction.
As the government plans to extend the programme, the Economic Survey recommends better integration with employment and social policies. Consultation with residents about planned renovation projects should be used as an entry point for basic skills and language training. Construction and renovation work could be an opportunity for apprenticeship-style training for building sector jobs. Indeed, consultation needs to improve, and citizen councils introduced in 2014 to help draft strategy documents for the economic and social development of lower-income neighbourhoods are a first step in that direction. Strong resident participation in designing and implementing renovation projects has been successfully practiced in Germany where residents often rehabilitate their buildings themselves. In the US, residents of demolished buildings often had negative experiences with forced relocation; they now have a right to return when construction is finished.
France has run priority education programmes that devote more resources to schools with disadvantaged pupils for more than 30 years but the impact of socio-economic background on learning outcomes is still among the highest in the OECD. The OECD Economic Survey of France argues that individualised support for struggling students suffers from not enough high-quality initial and continuing pedagogical training for teachers. More must be done to offer attractive pay and career prospects for teachers who work in schools with a high population of disadvantaged children. While the bonus for teaching in priority education schools has recently been raised, it remains too low to stabilise teaching teams. And perversely, advantages for teachers in these schools have actually encouraged them to leave faster.
This article originally appeared on OECD Ecoscope blog, www.oecdecoscope.wordpress.com, 11 October 2017.
Kirszbaum, T. (2013), "Rénovation urbaine et équité sociale: Choice Neighborhoods aux Etats-Unis", [Rapport de recherche] ISP; CNRS; Commissariat général à la stratégie et à la prospective; secretariat général du Comité interministériel des villes.


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Ray Donovan Season 6 Episode 3
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Ray is officially back working for Sam, and with Anita behind in the polls, they have to make a splash at the first mayoral debate. Darryl struggles with his leading man on the set of Mr. Lucky. Terry discovers a brutal new gym hidden in a warehouse in Brooklyn. And three generations of Donovans make their way from California to New York. Mickey's coming, and no one knows what he has planned for his sons who betrayed him.
Serie: Ray Donovan
Episode Title: He Be Tight. He Be Mean.
The horror and crime thriller genres collide in this new original series from Robert Rodriguez, based on his cult grindhouse classic about bank-robbing brothers on the run, a lawman bent…
Status: Canceled
Genre: Crime, Sci-Fi & Fantasy
Pickers like Mike Wolfe and Frank Fritz are on a mission to recycle America, even if it means diving into countless piles of grimy junk or getting chased off a…
Genre: Comedy, Documentary, Reality
A group of single parents lean on each other to help raise their 7-year-old kids and maintain some kind of personal lives outside of parenthood.
A con man on the run from a vicious gangster takes cover from his past by assuming the identity of his prison cellmate, Pete, "reuniting" with Pete's estranged family, a…
The Eleven
Follow investigators as they reexamine the murders of eleven teenage girls in and around Galveston County, Texas after discovering a confession letter from current inmate and convicted murderer Edward Harold…
Genre: Crime
Geordie Shore is a British reality television series broadcast on MTV. Based in Newcastle upon Tyne, it premiered on 24 May 2011, and is the British spin-off of the American…
After his daughter goes missing, a widower begins uncovering the dark secrets of the people closest to him.
Contestants are pit against a colossal, spinning 40-foot wheel that holds large sums of cash prizes in its rotation. Throughout the game, players answer trivia questions – where the correct…
An antiquities expert teams up with an art thief to catch a terrorist who funds his attacks using stolen artifacts.
Esther and Benji are platonic best friends who want nothing more than to be accepted by the vain and status-obsessed culture of Los Angeles. Despite their sometimes contentious relationship, when…
Three years after the zombie virus has gutted the country, a team of everyday heroes must transport the only known survivor of the plague from New York to California, where…
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This week, like a sentence of mine, has been really full.
It has been really good to connect back with people I care about; to engage in the business of living a little. My workouts have been (almost) daily, my meditations intense, my recreation relaxing.
In honesty, not much has changed except the faces and the focus. And yet somehow everything has changed.
Soon I'll get to head back to Seattle and meet up with old friends and share my work in a professional circle. Before then will come the weekend and some cavorting with compatriots. A game of Nertz is just what I need to restore me again. Anyone know a decent place to socialize in Orange County?
By the way, if you have the stomach for it, check out Blades of Glory. Very funny. Very, very, wrong.


"Rising wages are what everyone wants to see. But Labour is wrong to assert that workers will be helped by their proposals in their current form. Their diktat on employee share ownership will only encourage investors to pack their bags and will harm those who can least afford it. If investment falls, so does productivity and pay.
"Business has been resilient in the face of uncertainty, but Labour's anti-business positioning is starting to bite. It's time for pro-enterprise collaboration, not public proposals that set alarm bells ringing in boardrooms at home and across the world.
"Labour raises the right questions, but these are not the right answers. From boardroom to shop floor, firms know fair treatment of customers and employees drives success.
"Employee ownership does work well for some businesses, but Labour can't keep assuming that what works for one will work for all. It's time to talk to business about what really makes a difference on the ground.
"And while a social dividend sounds appealing, in current form it sounds like yet another new tax that adds to the dangerous impression that Labour see business as a bottomless pit of funding.


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Home Yukon Arts & Entertainment Literature Science Writers Gather Under the Midnight Sun
Simon says, Put your writing first
Science Writers Gather Under the Midnight Sun
by Joanna Lilley
righttowrite1.jpg
Science writer Claire Eamer is helping to organize the Canadian Science Writers' Association conference which is being held North of 60 for the first time.
If you like writing about science, whether science fiction or science fact, you might want to keep May 24 to 27 free.
This is when science writers from all over Canada will be gathering in Whitehorse to attend this year's Canadian Science Writers' Association conference, being held North of 60 for the first time ever.
The conference is open to anyone who's interested, says a busy Claire Eamer, a Whitehorse author and co-chair of the local programming committee.
"In terms of local people attending, it's a really good professional development opportunity," she says.
"There will be editors of national-level magazines, producers from the Discovery Channel, from CBC. People like that. Writers whose names you see in bylines in the Toronto Star, theGlobe and Mail, the Vancouver Sun. There will be loads of chances to talk to them and to ask questions."
Called Science Under the Midnight Sun, the conference takes place at Yukon College and is packed with Yukon content.
"I think we're going to really amaze the people who are coming to this. They have very little idea of what the Yukon looks like, let alone what's happening here," says Eamer, who admits with a grin that she was very much part of the initial idea to hold the conference here in the Yukon.
"Sunday is going to be focused on Yukon science and Yukon scientists and the Monday is focused on the International Polar Year, but as it links to the Yukon," she says.
There will also be a family afternoon and a field trip to Haines Junction which is being planned in partnership with the Champagne and Aishihk First Nations.
Eamer herself writes about science in all sorts of ways. She has just published a factual book called Super Crocs and Monster Wings: Modern Animals' Ancient Past which will be on sale at the conference.
Aimed at young readers, Eamer's book avoids the well-trodden dinosaur path and describes creatures such as rabbit-sized camels, flies as big as chickadees and ground-dwelling sloths tall enough to nibble the tops of trees.
Eamer also has a science fiction story in Polaris, an anthology short-listed for the 2007 Science in Society young adult award which will be presented at the conference.
"It's got four Yukoners in its pages," explains Eamer. "Me, Marcelle Dubé and then two young Yukon scientists wrote the introduction, Amber Church and Tyler Kuhn. They're both involved in the science writers' conference too."
Church has organized a panel of young Yukon scientists that Eamer describes as the "here are your hot young stories of the future" pack.
A journalist with two English degrees, Eamer doesn't see a huge amount of difference between writing science fiction and science fact.
"It's all story telling," she says. "That's what you're doing with science writing; you're turning it into a story that people can understand."
Registration for the conference is online at www.sciencewriters.ca/conference2008 where Yukoners can take advantage of a Sourdough Special rate.
PHOTO: TIM KINVIG
Lauren Humble


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Billets, Gewalt & Migration, Migration & Wissen, Publikationen
Violence Induced Mobility. Special Issue der Zeitschrift "Historical Social Research"
24. November 2020 Christoph Rass	Schreibe einen Kommentar
Soeben erschienen ist die Special Issue (45.4/2020) der Zeitschrift "Historical Social Research", herausgegeben von Ismee Tames (NIOD/Amsterdam) und Christoph Rass (IMIS/Osnabrück) unter dem Titel
Negotiating the Aftermath of Violence Induced Mobility in the Wake of the Second World War. Rethinking Sources, Methods and Approaches from the Intersection of War and Migration Studies in the Digital Age
Mit Beiträgen von Henning Borggräfe, Regine Grüter, Anne von Mourik, Jannis Panagiotidis, Filip Strubbe, Frank Wolff, Peter Romijn, Sebastian Huhn, Edwin Klijn, Olaf Berg, Christian Höschler und einem Epilog von Peter Gatrell.
"The 20th century has been labelled a "century of refugees." It has not only brought forth mass displacement of humans on an unprecedented scale, but also all those concepts and definitions by which the phenomenon is described, judged, and narrated, and the institutions, politics, and policies that it dealt with. This shaped our perception of "refugees," "refugee-crisis," and the "management" of both at the beginning of the 21st century.
The 20th century fused mass displacement, the collective and institutionalized – often international and state sponsored – responses, and the construction of concepts for describing and shaping its realities into an inseparable trinity. Three main perspectives in historical research become visible within the ever broadening field of research on the millions driven into emigration by pogroms and persecution after the First World War, the "refugee-crisis" after the Second World War, and the forced and violence-induced migration of people as a global phenomenon during and after the Cold War: One strand of literature focuses on institutions with their legal, political, organizational, and sometimes even cultural legacies. Another main field of research covers refugees' experiences, often limiting itself to the dramatic phase when victims of forced migration are perceived as "displaced persons," "refugees," or "asylum seekers" respectively. Finally, historical migration research has very much focused on reconstructing flows of forced migrants and displaced persons as specific migration systems.
Inspired by the work of Peter Gatrell, this HSR Special Issue offers to merge these perspectives with regard to mass displacement after the Second World War and broaden the approach both methodologically and chronologically: The contributions in this volume focus on the how and with what consequences mass displacement was handled after the Second World War from a migration regimes perspective. Informed by reflexive migration studies, the authors follow victims of forced migration not only while they are being framed as "refugees" or "displaced persons" but also observe their paths into, in, and beyond those categories. Empirical studies are framed by papers discussing digital methods, archival sources, and analytical approaches drawn from neighboring research on migration and violence as well as migrants coping strategies."
Vorheriger BeitragWidersprüchlich. Was ist Antisemitismus?Nächster BeitragWiedergänger: Wahlerfolge rechtsextremer Parteien in Niedersachsen 1951-1967-2017


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Get a sneak peek at our upcoming projects with 'Watch This Space.' But instead of 21-questions, we're giving you 3 clues. Will that be enough for you to figure out what we've got coming up in the pipeline?
It's demolition day in this space, but the final product is sure to wow a new batch of CORE's finest. And having a view of the Flatiron and the Empire State Buildings is never a bad thing. Watch this space and stay tuned.


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Other Scotch Whisky
The VAT 69 blend was created by William Sanderson of Leith. At the age of thirteen, Sanderson began an apprenticeship for a wine and spirits producer. By 1863, he had his own business. William's son son, William Mark, joined the business in 1880 and he persuaded his father to bottle his own blended whiskies. Two years later, the VAT 69 blend was created.
Sanderson produced a number of differing blends and offered them to a panel of judges. The panel selected no. 69 as the best. The company merged with Booth's Distilleries in 1933. Two years later the newly formed company merged with Distillers Company Limited. In 1980, VAT 69 Reserve was released.
VAT 69 - 1970s 1l
100cl, 43%
A 1 litre bottling of Vat 69 blended Scotch whisky, which we believe to have been produced back in the 1970s. A rare and collectible piece from the beloved brand. This bottle was part of a private… More info
VAT 69 (Boxed) - 1970s
VAT 69 is a well-loved blended Scotch whisky that continues to be produced today. This antique bottle, however, was produced back in the 1970s and comes alongside its original presentation… More info
VAT 69 Blended Scotch Whisky - 1970s
This bottling of VAT 69 Scotch whisky dates from the 1970s. Seen in Thomas Pynchon's 'Gravity's Rainbow', being drank out of a milk bottle. We trust you'll be a little more respectful. This bottle… More info
VAT 69 Reserve - 1981
This is a collectible bottling of VAT 69 Reserve, produced in 1981 and released to commemorate the Marriage of Prince Charles & Princess Diana. This bottle was part of a private collection - if… More info
VAT 69 (Square Bottle) - 1960s
Vat 69 blended Scotch whisky, produced in the 1960s. This comes alongside a presentation box which has sadly suffered a bit of damage over the years. Please note that the label does not state the… More info
VAT 69 Blended Scotch Whisky - 1967
The familiar stencilled label, it could only be VAT 69. This bottling comes from 1967, a piece of whisky history. More info
VAT 69 Blended Scotch Whisky
Click here to check out our range of antique bottles of VAT 69. A famous and very popular blended whisky, Vat 69 comes with a great deal of history. It was first made in 1882 by William Sanderson… More info
VAT 69 - 1960s
An antique bottle of VAT 69, produced in the 1960s and bottled at 70° proof (or 40% ABV for those of us who have eschewed the use of degrees proof measurements). This bottle was part of a private… More info
VAT 69 (With Presentation Box) - 1960s
This bottle of Vat 69, a classic blend which dates back to the first half of the 1880s, was produced in the 1960s. Though the bottle lists neither an ABV or volume, it is larger than your standard… More info
This bottle of VAT 69 blended Scotch whisky comes from the 1960s. A rare piece of whisky history, this one! More info
VAT 69 (37.5cl) - 1970s
A 1970s bottling of a classic blended Scotch whisky - Vat 69, name after the vat from which the recipe was chosen. More info
VAT 69 1l - 1980s
A one litre bottling of VAT 69 blended Scotch thought to date from the 1980s. One whole Leroy. More info
VAT 69 (squat bottle) - 1980s
Produced in the 1980s, this is a collectible bottle of VAT 69 blended Scotch whisky, first produced by William Sanderson in the 1880s. This is a short, stout and squat bottle of the blend, though it… More info
VAT 69 Blended Scotch Whisky - 1970s (70cl)
Instantly recognisable in both design and taste, VAT 69 is a favourite among many blended whisky fans. This collectible bottle comes from the 1970s, which we're sure those VAT 69 fans would be very… More info
Vat 69 Blended Scotch Whisky (44%) - 1960s
This bottle of Vat 69 was made by Sanderson's in the 1960s and produced for the international market. We can only hope that this bottle was produced in 1969, but really we have no way of knowing… More info
VAT 69 Reserve - 1980s
A rare bottling of Sanderson's VAT 69 Reserve from the 1980s. The label is a bit scuffed, but you can't scuff a liquid, so the whisky inside is just fine. More info
About VAT 69


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Ralph Lauren to close Polo store on Fifth Avenue in cost-cutting plan
4 April 2017 By Tara Hounslea
Ralph Lauren will close its dedicated Polo store at 711 Fifth Avenue in New York and integrate its product into the Ralph Lauren men's and women's stores on Madison Avenue and other nearby locations.
The company will continue to operate its seven additional store locations and its flagship Polo Bar Restaurant in New York City.
The move comes as part of its Way Forward Plan, which aims to return the US brand house to sustainable profitable growth.
The firm will also move to a new, flexible ecommerce platform with Salesforce's Commerce Cloud. The developments are expected to save approximately $140m (£112m) annually.
Ralph Lauren said it will explore new retail concepts, which may feature the Ralph's Coffee format.
The brand opened Ralph's Coffee & Bar on Regent Street in London earlier this year, adjacent to the new Polo Ralph Lauren store, which opened in September last year.
Ralph Lauren president and chief executive Stefan Laon is to leave the company next month, after a dispute with founder Ralph Lauren on the future direction of the business.
Polo Ralph Lauren opens in Liverpool One
16 April 2019Isabella Fish
Polo Ralph Lauren has opened a 1,900 sq ft store in the Liverpool One shopping complex.
Polo Ralph Lauren launches recycled plastic shirt
Polo Ralph Lauren has today launched an "Earth Polo" shirt made entirely of recycled plastic bottles and dyed through a process that uses zero water.
Landsec signs 63,000 sq ft of retail deals
26 March 2019Isabella Fish
Real estate company Landsec has exchanged terms with 17 brands for deals totalling 63,000 sq ft across its retail portfolio in the first three months of this year.
Sunspel opens Chelsea store
British heritage brand Sunspel has opened its sixth UK store, in Duke of York Square in London's Chelsea.
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A wounded lion, detail of Ashurbanipal's lion hunt bas-relief from Nineveh. This lion has suffered multiple arrow hits and is losing blood from his mouth.
Bowhunting (or bow hunting) is the practice of hunting game animals by archery.
Picture of Pope taken while grizzly hunting at Yellowstone
The last of the Yahi Indian tribe, a native known as Ishi, came out of hiding in California in 1911.[1][2] His doctor, Saxton Pope, learned many of Ishi's traditional archery skills, and popularized them.[3][4] The Pope and Young Club, founded in 1961 and named in honor of Pope and his friend, Arthur Young, became one of North America's leading bowhunting and conservation organizations. Founded as a nonprofit scientific organization, the Club was patterned after the prestigious Boone and Crockett Club and advocated responsible bowhunting by promoting quality, fair chase hunting, and sound conservation practices. Modern game archery owes much of its success to Fred Bear, an American bow hunter and bow manufacturer.[5]
Arrows, bows and sights are commonly of the more modern varieties. However, all effective variations, including crossbows and wooden bows launching wooden arrows with stone points, are used. Arrowheads are chosen to ensure lethality. Broadheads feature blades that jut out from the shaft at an angle to cause more damage to the target; some models have retractable blades that only deploy once they hit the target.
Big game hunting requires a draw weight of 35+ lbs. For larger game such as elk or moose, 50+ lbs is suggested. Most male American archers can draw a bow rated at 50-60 lbs, most women 30-40 lbs.[6]
Lighter arrows, all else equal, will give a higher speed and a flatter trajectory.[7] Because arrows with mass more than 900 grains (58 g) carry more momentum, and penetrate better in large animals, bow hunters might choose them when hunting these animals.[8]
Methods of hunting
In contrast to a rifle hunter, who may shoot effectively from ranges in excess of 200 yards (180 m); archers usually restrict shots to 2.3 yards (2.1 m) to 42 yards (38 m).[9] The distance depends upon individual ability, the target animal, the bow strength, terrain, arrow and weather. The bow hunter may walk along the ground slowly, looking for game and stalking it carefully in the final approach. This type of slow, methodical stalking, is called "still hunting." Hunters often wear camouflage clothing and walk upwind (with the wind in their face) so that game ahead of them cannot smell them.
In "stand hunting," the hunter waits for game to come to him, usually near food, water, or known trails. Brush and other natural materials may be placed for cover, or a [10] "ground blind" that looks like a camouflage tent may be used. They usually "pop" up and can be set up from folded in a few minutes. The hunter may wait on a wooden or metal stand elevated in a tree, from three to six meters.
Bowhunting for fish is called bowfishing. Bowfishing equipment usually adds a line attached to a spool or a reel as well as a specially designed, heavier arrow. Most bow-fishers do not use sights, but if they do have sights they are different from standard ones to allow for refraction.[11]
Legal and cultural considerations
Bowhunting often has different seasons and restrictions from firearm hunting, and they differ significantly between areas. Legal and cultural approaches specific to the area must be taken into consideration by the hunter.
Nations including Denmark, France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Hungary, Finland, Bulgaria and Slovenia use bow and arrow hunting as a hunting tool in modern game management. Some European countries including the United Kingdom prohibit bowhunting.[12] Bowhunting, like target archery, was revived in the UK during the Victorian era,[13] but has been banned since 1965.[14] Recently a law was passed in Estonia that would allow bowhunting of small game.[15]
In the USA and Canada, as with other styles of hunting, bowhunting is regulated by individual provinces and states. Regulations often address issues such as which area to hunt in, what time of year, (season) and which sex and species of game may be taken. In many cases, a special archery season is set aside, to minimize interference from rifle hunters. While bowhunting can run into rifle hunting seasons, hunter orange is typically required to be worn during the cross over seasons. In addition, in an effort to maximize game recovery and shot lethality, there are often technical regulations, such as a minimum draw weight, minimum width of head, and lack of barbs.[16]
In general most bow hunting for big game begins in late August or early September in northern states or Canadian Provinces, and slightly later in southern states.
Organised bow hunting began in New Zealand in 1945. The New Zealand government regulates bowhunting[17] An annual 3 day field shoot tournament is held every Queen's Birthday Weekend at various locations throughout New Zealand. Bowhunters must have permission to hunt on private land, and they cannot hunt in DOC lands, national parks, or any other reserves without a permit. All native species are protected, only introduced species are legal quarries.
There are no special seasons for bowhunters or for hunting with a firearm.[18] There is an active bow hunters society.[19]
Bowhunting is practised in Australia and is not specifically subject to regulation by law. Only non-native species are recognized as game by the Australian Bowhunters Association. However, native species may be killed during government authorized culls.[20]
The states of Victoria and New South Wales both regulate bowhunting. In Victoria hunting is regulated through the Department of Sustainability and Environment (DSE)[21] In New South Wales this is done through the Department of Primary Industry.[22] At the current time there are no specific hunting regulations in other states and territories.[23]
On July 2013 the NSW Government disbanded the Game Council, and temporarily suspended licensed hunting in NSW State forests until now.[24]
While both Victoria and New South Wales place licensing requirements on would-be bowhunters, the sport is self-regulated. The Australian Bowhunters Association and local clubs assess hunters through the Bowhunter Proficiency Certificate (BPC) which is designed to ensure that animals are killed according to humane principles.[25]
Zimbabwe has legally permitted hunting with compound bows since 1989 as an exception, and since 1999 under formal legislation. Minimum arrow weights and bow draws are mandated. Bowhunting is only allowed on private or tribal lands, but not in national parks. Bowhunters must be accompanied by licensed guides or professional hunters.[26] Bowhunting of elephants is mostly conducted in Zimbabwe.[27] Following international outrage over the illegal hunt for Cecil, the lion, in 2015 the Parks and Wildlife Management Authority banned all bowhunting unless specifically authorized, as well as other hunting restrictions.[28]
Some are deeply opposed to bow hunting in particular, on the grounds of cruelty. The organization People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals states that "quick kills are rare, and many animals suffer prolonged, painful deaths when hunters severely injure but fail to kill them."[29]
Wounding rates
A study conducted by the Oklahoma Fish and Wildlife Agencies found that approximately 50% of deer that were shot were never recovered, noting that this rate was similar to data from other studies. Some deer survived for up to 5–7 days before succumbing to their wounds. "71% to 82% of all shots taken" miss the target[30] and "shot placement is, for all practical purposes, random".[31]
In another study from Maryland, archers who had passed a pre-season accuracy test claimed that 82% of deer hit were recovered within 24 hours.[32]
Danish licensed bowhunters are required to complete a report every time that they kill a roe deer. (To become a licensed bowhunter in Denmark it is necessary to pass a very demanding proficiency test, including a test of accuracy in which five of six arrows must hit within the vital area of game targets ranging from roe deer to pheasant in size at unknown distances up to 25 meters. Only 2% of Danish bowhunters use traditional equipment.) For 1999-2004, these reports showed that 576 arrows were released at roe deer. 92.5% of these shots resulted in a dead roe deer being collected by the hunter, and 2.6% are documented as misses. In 5% of reports the deer was hit and wounded (as indicated by bodily fluids on the ground or on the arrow), but not recovered by the hunter. The European Bowhunters Association states that "this percentage compares favorably with other means of harvesting roe deer in Europe." [33]
↑ Allely, Steve; et al. (2008), The Traditional Bowyer's Bible, Volume 4, The Lyons Press, ISBN 978-0-9645741-6-8
↑ Kroeber, Theodora (2004), Ishi in Two Worlds: a biography of the last wild Indian in North America, Berkeley: University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-24037-7
↑ Pope, Saxton (1925), Hunting with the Bow and Arrow, New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons
↑ Pope, Saxton (1926), Adventurous Bowmen: field notes on African archery, New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons
↑ Bertalan, Dan. Traditional Bowyers Encyclopedia: The Bowhunting and Bowmaking World of the Nation's Top Crafters of Longbows and Recurves, 2007. p. 73.
↑ Keystone sporting goods inc. Bow sizing guide. Retrieved 26 September 2013, from http://www.keystone-sports.com/sizing_guide.html
↑ Hunters friend. (2013). Speed and Kinetic Energy. Retrieved on 26 September 2013, from http://www.huntersfriend.com/carbon_arrows/hunting_arrows_selection_guide_chapter_5.htm
↑ Arrow Lethality 2. Dr. Ashby Reports 1996 Dr. W.E (Ed) Ashby at Trad Gang.com http://www.tradgang.com/ashby/Arrow%20Lethality%202.htm
↑ Dr. Ashby Reports 1996 Dr. W.E (Ed) Ashby at Trad Gang.com http://www.tradgang.com/ashby/images/g11.jpg
↑ Woodrow, Ross,. (September 2013) Ground blinds are worth considering. Retrieved on 26 September 2013, from "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 2013-09-26.
↑ Jon. (2013). Bowfishing equipment tips. Accessdate 26 September 2013, from "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 2013-09-26.
↑ "Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (c. 69)". Retrieved 6 May 2009. if any person… uses for the purpose of killing or taking any wild animal… any bow or cross-bow… he shall be guilty of an offence.
↑ Archer's Craft. Adrian E Hodgkin. Llanerch Press; Facsimile of 1951 edition (31 May 1996). ISBN 1-897853-80-7. ISBN 978-1-897853-80-1
↑ About British Bowhunters Association. http://www.britishbowhunterassociation.co.uk/page7.php Accessed 25 September 2013
↑ http://www.postimees.ee/1214470/jahiseadus-sai-riigikogus-napi-heakskiidu
↑ Deer and Bear Hunting Regulations, Department of Environmental Conservation. New York State. December 2013. Deer and Bear Hunting Regulations. Retrieved 26 September 2013, from http://www.dec.ny.gov/outdoor/8305.html
↑ "DOC Hunting Guide" (PDF). p. 5. Retrieved 6 May 2009.
↑ New Zealand Department of Conservation. "Activity Finder - Hunting". Retrieved 6 May 2009.
↑ "New Zealand Bowhunters Society". Archived from the original on 19 January 2008. Retrieved 6 May 2009.
↑ Australian Bowhunters Association. More bowhunting information. Access date 3 February 2009. http://www.bowhunters.org.au/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5&Itemid=99[]
↑ Victorian Department of Sustainability and Environment. "Game Hunting in Victoria". Archived from the original on 30 May 2009. Retrieved 6 May 2009.
↑ "New South Wales Game Council". Retrieved 6 May 2009.
↑ Australian Bowhunters Association. "More Bowhunting Information". Archived from the original on 5 January 2009. Retrieved 6 May 2009.
↑ "Government abolishes Game Council NSW". Archived from the original on 25 July 2013. Retrieved 30 July 2013.
↑ Australian Bowhunters Association. "Bowhunting in Australia". Archived from the original on 5 January 2009. Retrieved 6 May 2009.
↑ http://gothunts.com/bowhunting-in-zimbabwe/
↑ http://www.bowhuntingsafari.com/Zimbabwe.html
↑ http://www.animals24-7.org/2015/08/02/death-of-cecil-zimbabwe-parks-wildlife-responds/
↑ People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. "A member of the Maine Bow Hunters Alliance estimates that 50 percent of animals who are shot with crossbows are wounded but not killed. A study of 80 radio-collared white-tailed deer found that of the 22 deer who had been shot with "traditional archery equipment," 11 were wounded but not recovered by hunters." (Stephen S. Ditchkoff et al., "Wounding Rates of White-Tailed Deer With Traditional Archery Equipment," Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (1998).) http://www.peta.org/issues/animals-in-entertainment/cruel-sports/hunting/ accessed 29 January 2014
↑ "Researchers in Wisconsin". As quoted in Dr Ed Ashby, ARROW LETHALITY. Part I: Introduction - The Need for Knowledge. 1996. http://www.tuffhead.com/ashby_pdfs/ashby%20ours/PDF%20Arrow%20Lethality%201.wps.pdf accessed 22 August 2012.
↑ Horace Gore - Whitetail Project Director, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. As quoted in Dr Ed Ashby, ARROW LETHALITY. Part I: Introduction - The Need for Knowledge. 1996. http://www.tuffhead.com/ashby_pdfs/ashby%20ours/PDF%20Arrow%20Lethality%201.wps.pdf accessed 22 August 2012.
↑ QDMA staff. "2008 Proc. Annu. Conf. SEAFWA Wounding Rates of White-tailed Deer with Modern Archery Equipment" (PDF). Quality Deer Management Association staff. Retrieved 26 September 2013.
↑ Anders Gejer and Richard Cadwalader, European Bowhunters Association May 2005. The European Bowhunters Association. Evaluation of the Danish Bowhunting Association, the Danish National Forest and Nature Agency´s statistics on roe deer (Capreolus Capreolus) shot with bow and arrow in Denmark between 1 October 1999 – 15 January 2004. http://www.jousimetsastys.fi/wp/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/danish-report-1999-2004.pdf accessed 29 January 2014
History of crossbows
Modern competitive archery
World Archery Federation
World Archery Rankings
Archer's paradox
Mounted archery
Cable-backed bow
English longbow
Flatbow
Gakgung
Holmegaard bow
Laminated bow
Mongol bow
Self bow
Takedown bow
Bowstring
Bracer
Cresting machine
Finger tab
Flu-flu arrow
Thumb ring
Clout archery
Field archery
World Archery Championships
Archery World Cup
Archery at the Summer Olympics
Archery at the Summer Paralympics
Archery at the Youth Olympic Games
Glossary of archery terms


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