text:
vista l.a.
Patricia Lopez serves herself up some of Danny Trejo's Trejo's Cerveza at his taco shop in Los Angeles. (KABC)
LOS ANGELES (KABC) -- Exploring L.A. through a Latino lens, we're getting a fresh start in L.A.! Vista L.A.'s Patricia Lopez gets the first invite to Danny Trejo's much talked about new restaurant-Trejo's Tacos.
Then, Jovana Lara introduces you to the gorgeous Rosie Mercado, whose story might inspire you to change a few things. Anabel Muoz meets up with the young mayor of one of L.A.'s most corruption-plagued cities to see how things are really changing there.
We found a new little spot in the San Fernando Valley where they're taking farm-fresh foods and adding a bit of Spanish style and flavor and making food that is delicioso!
Trejos's Tacos
Actor Danny Trejo, known to many as "Machete," reunited with an old friend and movie producer to launch a new project. It's not another movie, but a chain of taco restaurants! Trejo's Tacos serves up a variety of gourmet tacos, including several veggie and gluten free options. www.trejostacos.com
Danny Trejo is opening Trejo's Tacos in Los Angeles, serving up what he calls 'the most delicious tacos known to man.'
Rosie Mercado's Model Outlook
Just a few years ago, plus-size model Rosie Mercado reached a top weight of more than 400 pounds. She said her life hit rock bottom. Then she boarded a flight and her life changed course. Rosie decided to take control and get active!
On this journey, Rosie has gotten physically, mentally and spiritually healthier. Today, she's signed to be the face of five major fashion campaigns (even though she was once told she would never land one!). Her life story is an inspiration for women of all sizes. www.rosiemercado.com
A Fresh Start in Cudahy
The city of Cudahy and its neighbors have been plagued with corruption, but many people said it's a new day there.
With a new wave of young elected leaders in the city - and in the surrounding cities along the 710 Freeway - it is leaders like Mayor Cristian Markovich who are leading the charge and taking the cities in a new direction.
Markovich said technology and transparency are part of what's helping this positive change, and that means more accessibility to politicians, which is a good thing. http://www.cityofcudahy.com/
The City of Cudahy's bilingual "One" magazine: http://issuu.com/cityofcudahy/docs/03602_cuda_magazine_lino_10dec15_we
Fill Up on the Good Stuff at Gasolina Caf
This fresh new spot in Woodland Hills is great for breakfast and lunch. It's farm-to-table food meets Spanish influence, so it's locally sourced and delicious! www.gasolinacafe.com
Camino Real Chevrolet
The oldest Hispanic-owned Chevrolet dealership in SoCal is still going strong after 40 years. We stopped by for a visit with owner Mike Hernandez to see why it's such a special business and why so many famous athletes have called him a friend. http://www.chevyofmontereypark.com/
Be sure to "LIKE" Vista L.A. on Facebook and follow us on Twitter and Instagram!
www.facebook.com/VistaLA
Twitter: @VistaLA
Instagram: @abc7Vista
societylos angelescelebrityentertainmentlatino lifefoodvista l.a.
Despite making strides, Latinos are still trying to achieve equity
25 Years of Vista LA: VIDEO
Vista LA celebrates 25 years
Musician Ritchie Valens celebrated in new children's book


For 37 years, the American Payroll Association has taken on a challenge of hosting the biggest payroll event in the country—a week-long endeavor with numerous opportunities for networking, professional development, and earning recertification credits. If you've never attended, it can be hard to grasp the incredible benefits that the Annual Congress offers. Thankfully, three long-time Congress attendees have offered to share their stories.
"Attending Congress for the last 34 years has provided me with detailed payroll business knowledge, updated technical knowledge, as well as personal growth. Without these skills and abilities, I don't feel I would have had the same success working in large organizations and as an independent consultant. As the largest payroll event in the country, there are so many opportunities to learn and to network, that the entire week is packed full of benefits to the attendee and the attendee's employer.
"I have been very lucky to attend the majority of Annual Congresses since 1994, either company-paid or on my own dime. As a result, I've gained confidence in my skills and knowledge and also widened my peer network. I fell into payroll as a career choice, but the support and education I've received from APA and Congress have benefited my career and professional development immensely.
"Since attending my first Congress 5 years ago, I have grown substantially. I have gone from not knowing a single CPP or APA member, to having a wide range of payroll professionals in my network. I was able to obtain my CPP. I became a speaker at Congress and participated in the payroll games. I nominated my organization for a 2018 Prism Award, which we won! These milestones have allowed me to present myself as an industry expert among my peers, which has helped me grow my department from a back office data entry team to a strong department full of knowledgeable payroll professionals.
The 37th Annual Congress will be held May 14-18, 2019 in Long Beach, California. Click here to learn more.


About a year ago OCZ released the Vertex 2 solid state drive, a major follow up to their popular Vertex series. The drive hit the market to become one of the first to make use of the yet unheard of SandForce SF-1222 controller. OCZ was quick to jump on this new controller and they were happy to sample pre-production versions to get the word out quickly.
Shortly after the Vertex 2, there were countless other SSDs using the same SandForce controller, and yet for many the Vertex 2 remained the best as OCZ led the pack with firmware updates and warranty support.
With this sudden initial success, SandForce announced the SF-2000 series in early 2011. The consumer-level performance controller known as the SF-2281 includes support for the SATA 6Gb/s interface, while boasting read and write speeds of 500MB/s+, a mind blowing figure when compared to the previous generation chip. The Vertex 2's SF-1222 controller was limited to SATA 3Gb/s and offered read and write speeds of less than 300MB/s.
Even though OCZ recently acquired Indilinx, another well-known memory controller maker, the company has wasted no time jumping on SandForce's latest SF-2281. As was the case with the Vertex 2 series, OCZ sent us a pre-production version of the Vertex 3 for a hands-on evaluation of what's to come.
Although this version of the drive is technically a beta unit, we believe it will be very close to the real thing, which started shipping to retail outlets just recently. We will update our results with a production version of the drive in a couple of weeks as needed, but in the meantime we can anticipate today's results will give you a perfect idea of what to expect from the final product.
Before we proceed to testing, a word on pricing. For now it appears solid state drives will continue to get faster, but not any cheaper. OCZ has set the list price for the Vertex 3 120GB version at $249, while the 240GB version will cost $499. Compared to the current Vertex 2 models - 120GB ($229) and 240GB ($429) - it translates in a small price premium for the smaller drive while the larger model is getting hit a bit harder for a noticeable performance increase.


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Aerial Firefighting Conference
Aerial Firefighting Conference Virtual Summit 2020
MRO Directory
Careers in Aviation
Schools & Training Directory
Careers in Aviation Expo
CAE wins new defense contracts
Sept. 29, 2010, Montreal - CAE today announced it has won defence contracts valued at more than C$75 million. Contracts include upgrading visual and display systems at the German Army Aviation School, renewing a long-term CF-18 systems engineering services agreement for the Canadian Forces, upgrading C-130J simulators for the U.K. Royal Air Force and upgrading a C-130H simulator for an undisclosed North African defence customer.
September 29, 2010 By Carey Fredericks
"CAE's commitment to customers goes beyond the initial sale of training systems by providing support solutions throughout their program lifecycles. With these contracts we will be addressing our customers' needs for updates and upgrades to existing systems as well as renewing a long-term services agreement," said Martin Gagne, CAE's Group President, Military Products, Training and Services. "Our ability to serve our customers with a comprehensive portfolio of products and services is especially important as defence forces look to increase and extend their use of simulation-based training to contend with tightening budgets and operational demands."
German Army Aviation School
Germany's procurement office BWB (Bundesamt fur Wehrtechnik und Beschaffung) has awarded CAE Germany a contract to upgrade the image generator and visual display systems on the 12 CAE-built helicopter simulators located at the Hans E. Drebing simulator centre of the German Army Aviation School in Bueckeburg. The CAE Medallion-6000 image generator will be used as part of the overall upgrade of the visual systems on the helicopter simulators. The state-of-the-art training facility includes two UH-1D, two CH-53, and eight EC135 helicopter simulators that are used to deliver initial and advanced pilot training to the German Armed Forces.
CAE has been awarded a one-year contract renewal by L-3 Communications MAS (Canada) Inc., a subsidiary of L-3 Communications (NYSE:LLL), for CAE to continue providing avionics software upgrades, integrated logistics support and data management services for the Canadian Forces CF-18 aircraft. L-3 MAS has been prime contractor on the CF-18 service and support program since 1986 and CAE has been performing systems engineering support services for the CF-18 fleet for more than twenty years.
Under subcontract to Lockheed Martin, CAE will perform a range of upgrades on C-130J training devices used by the Royal Air Force at RAF Lyneham. CAE will upgrade the host computer systems, digital communications systems, aural cue, and instructor operator stations on two C-130J full-mission simulators delivered to the RAF more than 10 years ago. CAE will also perform some upgrades on a fixed-based C-130J flight training device.
Undisclosed customer
CAE has been awarded a contract to perform a major upgrade on a C-130H full-mission simulator located at a North African military base. CAE will upgrade the host computer system, motion and control loading systems, and instructor operator station. In addition, CAE will upgrade the visual and display system, including the installation of a CAE Medallion-6000 image generator. Over the past two decades, CAE has developed and delivered more training systems and services for the C-130 than any company.
CAE wins contracts worth more than $55 million
CAE secures $100 million in military contracts
CAE wins key commercial training contracts
TSB reports on 2021 collision between police drone and Cessna near Buttonville
NTSB details deadly accident involving airport ground worker
Subcontracting ArriveCan development 'seems highly illogical and inefficient:' PM
PLATINUM LISTINGS
FlyRite Accessory Overhauls Ltd.
Chartright Air Group
Skyservice Business Aviation Inc.
A new era for aviation safety
TSB applauds watchlist progress, sets ambitious target
Helicopters Magazine
Aviation Bookstore
Wings Magazine @wings_magazine ·
Boeing pleaded not guilty on Jan 26. to a charge that it misled regulators who approved its 737 Max, the plane that was involved in two crashes that killed 346 people. https://bit.ly/3kP9u4j
Boeing representatives and relatives of some of the passengers killed in two crashes of 737 Max jets will meet face-to-face in a Texas courtroom on Jan. 26. https://bit.ly/3R8jth4
TSB releases investigation into August 2021 collision between a police drone and a Cessna 172N aircraft near the Toronto/Buttonville Municipal Airport. https://bit.ly/3ZWwE8R
Authorities in Nepal have handed to relatives the bodies of 60 of the 72 people killed in a plane crash last week after it appeared to have entered a stall. https://bit.ly/3WBt29k
PM Justin Trudeau asks Canada's top public servant to look into procurement process over what he said seemed to be a "highly illogical and inefficient" contract to develop ArriveCan app. https://bit.ly/3XAJl7Y

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Night Drive is the third studio album by Chromatics, released on August 28, on the Italians Do It Better record label. The label reissued an analogue Musical content - Reception - Track listing. 12 Nov - 58 min - Uploaded by kyalvjm Tracklist: 1. The Telephone Call 2. Night Drive 3. I Want Your Love 4. Running. 18 Feb - 4 min - Uploaded by Diego Fabi Mix - Chromatics -Night Drive- Night DriveYouTube. Chromatics - Night Drive () [Full.
11 Oct Like labelmates Glass Candy, the Chromatics recently ditched their early aggro/ noise-punk beginnings. Switching labels from the art-rock. Find a Chromatics - Night Drive first pressing or reissue. Complete your Chromatics collection. Shop Vinyl and CDs. [Verse 1] I Take A Drive In My Car I Take A Drive In My Car I See The Sun Disappear I See The Sun Disappear [Chorus] Oh Little Stranger Bring My Baby Back.
22 Nov Ruth Radelet's breathy vocals on Night Drive are double-tracked like Chromatics turn the night into a woozy slow-mo disco ball twirl, and the. Find album reviews, stream songs, credits and award information for Night Drive - Chromatics on AllMusic - - Nearly unrecognizable as the work of the. It's like Goblin meets the Cure meets disco. I fell in love with this band the second I heard this album. It puts you in a dreamy state from the beginning and keeps. Buy Night Drive (Soundtrack) (Deluxe Edition) at Juno Records. In stock now for same day shipping. Night Drive (Soundtrack) (Deluxe Edition). BACK IN STOCK!!! New album from the Chromatics on Italians Do It Better! The Chromatics were behind….
28 Aug Beginning as a no wave band with an equally volatile lineup and sound, Chromatics evolved into one of the most influential electro-pop acts of. Call To Confirm Colored Copies Are Still Available. The Chromatics ever-popular album Night Drive, now remastered and expanded to 15 tracks on a pair. 11 Jan Dusted album review. Artist: kreativekaring.com: Night Drive. Repress of Chromatics double LP pressed on pink champagne vinyl. Tracks: A1: The Telephone Call A2: Night Drive A3: I Want Your Love A4: Running.
8 Feb IDIB present a well warranted, analogue remastered Deluxe Edition of Chromatics' now-classic 'Night Drive', now including five bonus tracks. With a West Coast tour looming and problems with the recording (burnt singers, overheated tape reels, the final mix getting lost in the post etc), Chromatics'. Record Shop X: Chromatics: Night Drive - expanded edition: CD. The telephone call 2. Night drive 3. I want your love 4. Running up that hill 5. Killing spree 6. Healer 7. Mask 8. Tomorrow is so far away 9. Let's make this a.


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Kellogg's Bad Apple Cartoon Causes Food Fight
ByMICHAEL SILVERMAN
July 21, 2005 — -- Could one bad apple spoil our children's nutrition habits? Some nutritionists and scientists, concerned with a negative portrayal of the fruit in a new Kellogg's television commercial, say yes.
Kellogg's new mascot for its Apple Jacks cereal is an animated apple who is "sour," "grouchy," and hangs out in an alley. His counterpart is the "laid back" and "happy" Jamaican cinnamon stick, CinnaMon, sweetly protecting Apple Jacks cereal from "bad" apple flavor.
The advertising campaign is under fire from non-profit groups the Center for Science in the Public Interest and the Produce for Better Health Foundation. They say the ad's depiction of the apple suggest that Apple Jacks cereal is better than the real "sour" fruit.
Kellogg issued the following statement to defend the campaign. "Kellogg has a longstanding commitment to advertise in a responsible manner. The current Apple Jacks campaign is designed to be a lighthearted and fun way to communicate the cinnamon great taste of the cereal. It is not intended to disparage apples or discourage children from eating apples."
Many nutritionists supported CSPI's complaint and voiced concern over the negative portrayal of an apple.
"Kellogg should be ashamed -- a new low even for them," said nutrition specialist Madelyn Fernstrom at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. "To suggest that an unadulterated apple is not a desirable food, that add-ons are needed to make it a 'good' food sends a terrible mixed message to our children. This is so wrong."
Nutritionists and dietitians were concerned that the advertisement would somehow confuse kids about healthy and unhealthy foods.
"Consumers don't need any more mixed messages about how to make healthful choices," Connie Diekman, director of University Nutrition at Washington University in St Louis. "Messages like this one only add to the confusion and result in parents who feel frustrated about what to serve their children."
Dietitian Keith Ayoob at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York City found the portrayal of the CinnaMon adding sweetness to the cereal particularly misleading.
"Cinnamon isn't sweet," said Ayoob. "The sugar is what gives it a sweet taste. I'm not as worried as CSPI that the reputation of apples is being dragged through the dirt. I just think it is bad advertising because it is contradictory and misleading."
A few nutritionists provided a simpler view of the heated argument over proper promotions of apples in advertisements.
"As a dietitian and parent I'd guess that apples are the most commonly eaten fruit in America," said nutritionist Althea Zanecosky. "A cereal ad that says apples with cinnamon taste good does not mean that children will eat less apples."
However, a few experts saw a funnier side of the debate.
"I've never seen a study that suggests apples are bad for anyone," said cardiologist Dr. Richard Fleming. "In fact, if an apple a day keeps the doctor away, I wonder if a whole bushel could help reduce ridiculous comments made by people about apples."


I met HJ and Jiwon through my husband Boaz a few years back. In one of our first coffee hang outs, I could tell we had a connection after talking about our Korean backgrounds and tearing up when as we talked about our mothers. So when they reached out to me about shooting their wedding, naturally, I was beyond excited.
They were wed at the Box Hotel in Greenpoint, Brooklyn surrounded by their family and friends. In between the first look and the ceremony, we took a stroll around Greenpoint we took photos while sipping on iced coffee and even visited their favorite bookstore. I loved hanging and documenting their day and witnessing all the love they shared with their family and friends . Definitely adding this wedding another reason why I love Brooklyn weddings.


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Q: Linux bash MySQL load infile I'm trying to simplify a load data local infile, by putting it into a .sh file, and bash to run it.
Here is my count_portal.sh file
mysql -h host -u root -p password
load data local infile
"/workplace/user/dump/count_portal.txt"
replace into table test.icqa_count_portal
fields terminated by '\t' lines terminated by '\n' ignore 1 lines;

And here is my bash script
bash /home/user/Desktop/count_portal.sh I get an output that doesn't do what it is designed to do. When I simply make the count_portal.sh contain mysql -h host it longs in when running the script.

A: I figured it out. Here is my file.
#!/bin/bash
/usr/bin/mysql --host=host --user=root --password=password --database=test<<EOFMYSQL
load data local infile '/workplace/user/ETLdump/count_portal.txt' replace INTO TABLE count_portal fields terminated by '\t' LINES
TERMINATED BY '\n' ignore 1 lines;
EOFMYSQL

Works flawlessly!

A: missed -e ?
mysql -h host -u root -ppassword dbname -e "load data local infile '/workplace/user/dump/count_portal.txt' replace into table test.icqa_count_portal fields terminated by '\t' lines terminated by '\n' ignore 1 lines;"

A: Try removing the space between the user and password switches.  So it would be something like:
mysql -h host -uroot -ppassword etc....

The spaces seem to cause problems for me when doing similar things inside bash scripts.

A: I agree with @PasteBT, his answer should work well. I think there are escape problem or shell variable is empty.
Have you tried this?:
echo "LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE '/workplace/user/dump/count_portal.txt' REPLACE INTO TABLE test.icqa_count_portal FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t' LINES TERMINATED BY '\n' IGNORE 1 LINES;" | mysql -h host -u root -ppassword

and you original shell script is wrong. could you post again what did you do?

A: mysql -u<username> -p<password> -h<hostname> <db_name> --local_infile=1 -e "use <db_name>" -e"LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE '<path/file_name>'
IGNORE INTO TABLE <table_name>
FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t'
OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '\"'"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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[Compatible with Apple iPhone 7 Plus / iPhone 8 Plus] PREMIUM PROTECTION – featuring two layers of protection: a shock-absorbing [TPU] frame that protects against drops, and a solid [PC] back plate that protects against scrapes, bumps and more.
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Universal Compatibility – Support most Android Tablets, Cell Phones, and Windows Phone which with Micro USB port. Compatible with Samsung Note 3/4/5, Galaxy S3/S4/S6/S7/S6 Edge/S7 Edge, HTC, Motorola, Nexus, Nokia, LG, HP, Sony, Blackberry, MP3 and other Micro USB compatible devices.
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[2 Charging Method]: Fast wireless Charging (1.4 times faster than standard wireless charger pad) for Samsung Galaxy S9, S9 Plus, S8, S8 Plus, S7, S7 Edge, Galaxy S6 Edge+, Note 8, Note 7,Note 5 ; STANDARD CHARGING for iPhone 8/8 Plus, iPhone X. Some other devices may require an additional wireless charging receiver.
[Dual Coils & Anti-slip Design]: Built-in 2 coils to make sure higher efficiency, charging area and allow you to charge your mobile in either portrait or landscape position, more convenient. Anti-slip rubber pad on bottom can keep your phone securely in place and preventing the charger itself from slipping or being knocked out.
[Sleeping & Using Friendly]: NO tangled up wires. NO beeping sounds. NO annoying lights. Sleep safe and sound from now on. Plug and play, easy and convenient.
KUPPET STRONG COMPATIBLE BLUETOOTH EARBUDS:Compatible with most Bluetooth enabled devices, such as Apple iPhone X 8 8plus 7 7plus 6S 6 6S Plus 6Plus SE 5S iPad iPod Nano 7 iPod Touch and Samsung Galaxy S7 S8 S8 Plus Android Phones and other Bluetooth enabled devices.You are able to enjoy the music or video with one device, but never missing any important calls from your phone. After first paired,It just takes a few seconds to pair and practical in your daily life!
KUPPET QUICK CHARGE WITH UNIQUE CHARGING BOX:Portable charging case is ultra-lightweight with large capacity Lithium batteries, which can support 2-4 time fully charging for the wireless earbuds and let you enjoy more than 2-3 hours continuous music or talking time after each single charge. Only takes 1.5 hours to fully charged. Never worry about low battery when you are out all day. Easy to carry, NO Loss.
KUPPET SHARING & ENJOYMENT:One ear or both. One person or two. Use them separately or share with friends so no one misses out on true wireless sound and enjoy together.BUILT-IN SENSITIVE MICROPHONE: The sound is crystal clear with built-in sensitive microphone for in-car calling, stealth listening, or watching videos at work or in the office. Easily switched between voice call and music.
Official Factory Unlocked V20, fully compatible with all the UK Networks – 1 year Seller warranty.
Clearly Capture Life in Motion – Dual Camera 16 MP Standard-Angle Lens & 8 MP Wide-Angle Lens, Steady Record 2.0 analyzes each frame to provide smoother playback of your video recordings. Record smoother, clearer videos-even when you're on the move.
STRONG SIGNAL:Thanks to Bluetooth V4.2 Wireless Technology, it syncs with all Bluetooth enabled devices up to 10 meters away. With its built-in mic and high quality audio system, it brings you crystal clear sound effect.Compatible with most Bluetooth enabled devices, including the full range of android smart phones,Apple iPhones.ensure Hi-Fi stereo music sound and maximum signal quality, enable you enjoy the music and answer when driving, working, doing sports and even in noisy environment.
Wonderful Design:Extremely lightweight design, it is the small and comfortable size,you won't be painful to your ears after a long-time wearing comparing with other bluetooth earbuds sold in amazon.Fashion designed in ear, transfer extreme stereo sound to your ears. Ergonomic in-ear designed with solid sound-insulating material, reduces external noise while minimizing the sound leakage, giving you stunning sound.It fits and stays in ear perfectly .
BUSINESS BLUETOOTH HEADSET: A Bluetooth earpiece designed for business people. It haves VOICE PROMPT FUNCTION and MULTI-FUNCTION KEY. One press to answer or end the phone to allow you enjoying safe driving during the conversation; Bluetooth headset built-in 180mA lithium-ion battery, which provides up to 300 hours for standby and up to 6-8 hours for talking. Only takes 1 hour to fast charge fully, it will be your best job partner.


Our target; is to be a worldwide company by satisfying our customers with our Quality, Price, Logistics success & increasing our market share globally.
Having the employees required trainings in order to create DAIICHI ELECTRONICS culture in which employees can grasp the company targets, quality awareness and job satisfaction.
Bounded to the global quality and environmental protection management system requirements and other legal responsibilities. We will continue to improve our understanding of quality with the participatition of our professionals and selective suppliers, and always pursue continuous improvement.
Creating and measuring the quality level which can be measurable by the customer.
Strategy & target decisions which are suitable for sustainable development.
Satisfy the applicable expectations of all parties involved internally and externally, .
Have been accepted and announced as the QUALITY policy.
The Quality Manual is a reference to how a company's quality system is created, operated and evolving. The systems outlined in the quality manual work efficiently only when the employees work together. This is the only way to achieve a common goal. All employees must understand and apply the rules outlined in the quality manual.
The company management is responsible for the continuous development of this policy.
DAIICHI ELEKTRONİK SAN. Ve TİC A.Ş.


text:
Freedom Forum Institute > First Amendment Center > Topics > Freedom of Speech > Advertising & First Amendment Overview
Specific Topics:
FDA labeling
Gambling ads
Compelled advertising
Attorney ads
Tobacco ads
By Bruce E. H. Johnson, Contributing Writer
"Commercial speech" as a constitutional doctrine — initially (and even today) an exception from the First Amendment's normal rules — was casually suggested by a U.S. Supreme Court opinion in 1942. Then, in 1976, it was altered substantially when the Court recognized that such a talismanic exemption from the Constitution's mandates was unsustainable. Later, it was transformed by repeated Court cases that resulted in a solid First Amendment rule that commercial speech that is neither false nor misleading is fully protected speech. By 2001, the doctrine approached maturity when the Court recognized that even tobacco advertising was entitled to significant First Amendment protection.
Origins of commercial-speech doctrine
The concept of commercial speech, as a category of speech without First Amendment protections, was invented almost offhandedly. In the 1942 decision Valentine v. Chrestensen, the Supreme Court, without analysis or comment, created the so-called "first commercial speech doctrine," seemingly exempting such speech from any First Amendment protection.
The Valentine decision came several weeks after Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire, in which the justices had summarily announced that "[t]here are certain well-defined and limited classes of speech, the prevention and punishment of which have never been thought to raise any constitutional problem." The Court listed those categories as: "the lewd and obscene, the profane, the libelous, and the insulting or 'fighting' words," and Valentine built upon this decision, apparently adding commercial speech to the constitutional dustbin.
The Valentine case grew out of a dispute over littering on the New York waterfront. The plaintiff, F. J. Chrestensen, owned a World War I submarine and sailed it from port to port, exhibiting it to whoever would pay the price of admission. In 1940, he moored the boat on New York's East River and distributed handbills advertising the tours.
Distribution of those handbills sometimes resulted in litter. New York City therefore enacted a law to ban the use of city streets for "commercial and business advertising purposes." Chrestensen was advised by New York City Police Commissioner Lewis J. Valentine that he could not distribute his advertisements; but Valentine also assured him that literature "devoted to 'information or a public protest'" was entirely permissible. Chrestensen returned to his printing press, removing the price information from the advertising, and on the reverse side printed a protest against the city's refusal. When the police restrained Chrestensen from distributing the amended handbills, he brought suit in federal court, obtaining an injunction against Valentine, but the Supreme Court reversed.
In an opinion written by Justice Owen J. Roberts, with no citation to any authority or any explanation as to the basis for its policy, the Court began by observing that it indeed had held that "the streets are proper places for the exercise of the freedom of communicating information and disseminating opinion." States could "not unduly burden or proscribe" such non-commercial speech. But, the Court continued:
"We are equally clear that the Constitution imposes no such restraint on government as respects purely commercial advertising. Whether, and to what extent, one may promote or pursue a gainful occupation in the streets, to what extent such activity shall be adjudged a derogation of the public right of user, are matters for legislative judgment."
Finally, the Court turned aside Chrestensen's attempt to make his commercial fliers seem to be part of a public protest. "If that evasion were successful, every merchant who desires to broadcast advertising leaflets in the streets need only append a civic appeal or a moral platitude, to achieve immunity from the law's command."
This rule of law exempting all commercial speech from the First Amendment's protections remained, more or less unchallenged, for several years, even as other categories of unprotected speech, such as obscenity Miller v. California(1973)) and libel (New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964)), were recognized by the Supreme Court to have some First Amendment protections. At the time, however, the "commercial-speech doctrine" did not even have a name. The term "commercial speech" itself was not used in a judicial opinion until 1971, as Alex Kozinski and Stuart Banner have noted.
Commercial speech receives constitutional protection
Soon after the commercial-speech doctrine got a name, the Supreme Court overturned the Valentine ruling. In 1973 in Pittsburgh Press Co. v. Pittsburgh Commission on Human Relations, the Court acknowledged that citing the Valentine decision was not a sufficient answer to a challenge to a government regulation of advertising of an illegal product — gender-specific employment advertising. Two years later, in Bigelow v. Virginia (1975), the Court narrowed the Valentine holding further, refusing to recognize any "sweeping" per seexception from First Amendment protections for so-called commercial speech. In Bigelow, the Court struck down a Virginia statute that prohibited advertisements of abortions (at the time of the judgment legal in New York but not Virginia), and suggesting that "speech is not stripped of First Amendment protection" merely because it appears in the form of a paid commercial advertisement.
Then, in 1976, in Virginia Pharmacy Bd. v. Virginia Consumer Council, the Court struck down a Virginia statute that outlawed price advertising by pharmacists. The Court, in an opinion by Justice Harry Blackmun, ruled that such state attempts at regulation of commercial speech were "highly paternalistic" and reasoned that "people will perceive their own best interests if only they are well enough informed and … the best means to that end is to open the channels of communication, rather than to close them." Even so, the Court was reluctant to guarantee full protection for advertising and acknowledged that there were "commonsense differences" between advertising and other speech, which may make it "less necessary to tolerate inaccurate statements for fear of silencing the speaker."
In the following years, the Court considered other commercial-speech issues, and slowly developed a new doctrine that recognized the First Amendment interests inherent in advertising. For example, in 1977 in Carey v. Population Services International, the Court applied the Virginia Pharmacy rule to strike down a New York ban on the advertising of nonprescriptive contraceptives, noting that "the fact that protected speech may be offensive does not justify its suppression." That same year, in Linmark Associates, Inc. v. Township of Willingboro, the Court ruled that a blanket residential real estate advertising restriction, even if it was designed to prevent "white flight" in city neighborhoods, violated the First Amendment because such a restriction was not limited to false or misleading advertising.
Initial battles over expanding commercial-speech rights
The Supreme Court soon launched itself into the thicket of commercial-speech regulation — at the core of which were long-established restrictions on commercial speech (and on competition) — under the guise of professionalism.
In 1977 in Bates v. State Bar of Arizona, the Court ruled that a "complete suppression" of lawyer advertising could not be sustained under the First Amendment.
The following year, in Ohralik v. Ohio State Bar Association and In re Primus,the Court attempted to distinguish between ambulance-chasing and ACLU agitation, by permitting restrictions on solicitation in one case but denying them in the other. Arguments supporting a "professionalism" exception to the First Amendment died hard, however — the Court was faced with the same basic issues in connection with optometrist advertising in Friedman v. Rogers(1979); lawyer advertising in In re R.M.J. (1982), Zauderer v. Office of Disciplinary Counsel (1985), Shapero v. Kentucky Bar Association (1988), Peel v. Attorney Disciplinary Commission of Illinois (1990), and Florida Bar v. Went for It, Inc. (1995); accountant advertising in Edenfield v. Fane (1993) andIbanez v. Florida Dept. of Business & Professional Regulation Board (1994); and "compounding druggists" advertising in Thompson v. Western States Medical Center (2002).
Also in 1978, the Supreme Court faced directly the important issue of whether a corporation had a First Amendment right to freedom of speech on political issues of economic interest to the corporation. The case involved a corporation's efforts to challenge a state tax that affected the profitability of its operations, and in 1978 in First National Bank of Boston v. Bellotti, the Court concluded that such expression — even on behalf of corporations and even if apparently motivated by commercial self-interest — was fully protected by the First Amendment.
Commercial-speech doctrine crystallizes: Central Hudson test
Next, the justices considered another highly regulated group of companies (utilities) and developed a coherent test for commercial speech, which remained. In its 1980 decision in Central Hudson Gas & Electric Corp. v. Public Service Comm'n., the Court developed a balancing test for commercial-speech regulations.
In the Central Hudson case, the Court struck down a New York regulatory ban on promotional advertising by public utilities. The Central Hudson test, which remains the rule today, is a version of the 1968 United States v. O'Brien test for determining the constitutionality of content-neutral state regulations affecting speech or expression (in O'Brien, the Court endorsed penalties for draft-card burnings). Under Central Hudson, a government restriction on advertisements or other commercial speech is permissible only on a showing that (1) the advertising is misleading, (2) the government interest in regulation is substantial, (3) the regulation directly advances that interest, and (4) the regulation is not more extensive than necessary. Justice Lewis Powell justified this different test because of the inherent "hardiness" of commercial speech.
Commercial vices, wobbling cases: Court weaves, bobs
The "Age of Anxiety" followed for several years, as the Court worked out the implications of the commercial-speech doctrine, as detailed by Robert Sack and Cameron DeVore. The result was a cacophony of conflicting decisions.
In part, the problem was prompted by resistance, by some members of the Court, to the full implications of the commercial-speech doctrine, resulting in narrow rulings that weaved back and forth. For example, advertising regulation is often justified because such advertisements are allegedly blight, visual pollution. Thus, in 1981 in Metromedia, Inc. v. City of San Diego, which struck down a partial ban on outdoor advertising allegedly justified by traffic safety concerns, the Court's scattered opinions produced what then Justice William Rehnquist called a "virtual Tower of Babel." The regulations allowed certain commercial advertising, but banned all noncommercial displays.
In a later outdoor-advertising case, City Council v. Taxpayers for Vincent(1984), the Court upheld a broad ban of commercial and noncommercial advertising on city-owned property, including utility poles, supported by aesthetic grounds, concluding that the proffered justification was not a mere pretext and instead directly advanced a substantial governmental interest. In 1993 in City of Cincinnati v. Discovery Network, the Court struck down a ban on commercial news racks, citing lack of a "reasonable fit" between the ends and means of the city ordinance.
Another factor aggravating judicial anxiety was the fact that many of the commercial-speech cases forced the Court to wade into the constitutionality of governmental restrictions on so-called "vice" advertising — efforts to outlaw or restrict advertisements related to gambling, liquor, condoms, and other products associated with so-called "vices" that had been traditionally subject to extensive government regulation under the states' police powers. The Court, still uncomfortable with the extensive (and very strongly pro-market) implications of its recent extension of First Amendment protection to commercial speech, shifted back and forth inconsistently. (At one point, the Court was faced with a state ban on advertisements relating to a more modern and insidious vice, the Tupperware party, which it upheld in Board of Trustees, State Univ. of New York v. Fox (1989).)
The Court soon recognized that vice-advertising restrictions were little different from the professionalism cases, and that many restrictions on advertising, which the states had sought to justify on moral grounds, were in fact prompted by anticompetitive forces that had insinuated themselves into the machinery of government regulation — in Bolger v. Youngs Drug Products Corp. (1983) striking down federal postal regulations outlawing mailed condom advertisements; in Posadas de Puerto Rico Associates v. Tourism Co. of Puerto Rico (1986) allowing Puerto Rico (which allowed casino gambling) to ban casino advertisements directed at Puerto Ricans; in Frank v. Minnesota Newspaper Association, Inc. (1989), the Court vacated as moot an apparent federal ban on news and editorials about lotteries; in United States v. Edge Broadcasting Co. (1993), the Court rejected an attack on a federal statute that prohibited broadcasters licensed in non-lottery states to accept advertising about legal lotteries in other states; in Rubin v. Coors Brewing Co. (1995), it struck down a federal prohibition on identifying alcohol content on beer bottles; in 44 Liquormart v. Rhode Island (1996) it ruled that a state ban on advertising the price of alcoholic beverages was a violation of the First Amendment; and inGreater New Orleans Broadcasting Association v. United States (1999), the Court unanimously reversed a lower court decision upholding a federal law banning broadcast advertising of casino gambling.
Final consolidation: Even big tobacco's commercial speech protected
With Greater New Orleans Broadcasting, the Court's commercial-speech jurisprudence has solidified, into a steadfast First Amendment principle — with the Central Hudson test requiring government to justify, with real evidence, any limitations on commercial speech or advertising. But there remained one final hurdle — tobacco, a legal product established by decades of scientific evidence to be both unhealthy and addictive.
But, in 2001 in Lorillard Tobacco Co. v. Reilly/Altadis U.S.A. Inc. v. Reilly, the Court ruled that comprehensive Massachusetts restrictions on tobacco advertising were unconstitutional under the Central Hudson test. While the state insisted that its regulations would deter underage smoking, the Court emphasized that this "theory" was no substitute for evidence showing that the regulations directly and materially advanced the state's goal.
Current Constitutional trends: 'creeping' commercial speech
By 2002, 60 years after F.J. Chrestensen lost his battle with the New York police, constitutional protection for commercial speech, guided by the Central Hudson rule, is firmly established. But the paternalism decried by Justice Blackmun in 1976 takes many forms. New restrictions on freedom of speech, presenting new dangers for the commercial-speech doctrine, now threaten.
Today, the main danger to First Amendment rights in this context comes not so much from direct government regulations but from private litigants seeking to ignore First Amendment rules by arguing that their opponents' statements are mere "commercial speech." With the commercial-speech doctrine still ensconced in First Amendment law as a narrow exception to freedom of speech, several lawsuits have sought to expand the doctrine in order to impose free- speech liability on defendants for commentary on newsworthy matters and discussion of matters of public concern.
Several lower court decisions have endorsed this strategy, by expanding the commercial-speech doctrine beyond its traditional definitions and, in effect, moving the constitutional goalposts. For example, in World Wrestling Entertainment Federation, Inc. v. Bozell (2001), the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York refused to dismiss a Lanham Act lawsuit brought by a sports entertainment company against some "self-proclaimed 'media monitors'" who had criticized the wrestling program claiming it had caused the deaths of several children because of other children's "copycatting" what they saw on television. The court held that the statements were commercial speech "[b]ecause defendants' statements were part of a campaign to raise money and notoriety" for their organization."
A similar result was reached by the 5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Procter & Gamble Co. v. Amway Corp. (2001), where the court ruled that, if an economic motivation can be found for the defendant's speech, then various statements accusing P&G of Satanism could be deemed to be "commercial speech" and strict liability would be imposed under the Lanham Act for their transmission, without regard to the usual First Amendment requirements of actual malice or negligence that the Supreme Court has imposed as a constitutional floor for defamation liability.
Finally, in May 2002, the California Supreme Court decided Kasky v. Nike, Inc.,and sought to broaden the commercial-speech exception in order to penalize Nike for its assertive defense, in newspapers, television and other publications, of the value of "globalization" and for its rebuttal of specific charges made by anti-globalization activists against its overseas suppliers' labor practices. The plaintiff, Marc Kasky, claimed that First Amendment protections did not apply because Nike's publications were merely "commercial speech," and the California court agreed (4-3) with Kasky. The court ruled that, because Nike's statements in its press releases and letters to influential media entities were designed, at least in part, to protect the company's profitability, the publications were "commercial speech."
These decisions dramatically expand the scope of communication that qualifies as "commercial speech" by rejecting the generally accepted definition of commercial speech — that is, "speech that does no more than propose a commercial transaction," as stated in Pittsburgh Press Co. v. Pittsburgh Commission on Human Relations (1973) (emphasis added). Therefore, on Oct. 14, 2002, Nike filed a petition for certiorari with the U.S. Supreme Court. The Court heard arguments in the case in April 2003, but announced on June 26 that it should not have taken the case, Nike v. Kasky, clearing the way for Kasky to proceed with his lawsuit.
The "commercial-speech" cases demonstrate, if nothing else, the truth in James Madison's observation, in The Federalist No. 10, that the American republic would be built, and would survive, by embracing a clash of "interest" and "faction." Extending constitutional protection to commercial speech simply recognizes that the "interested self — that 'most powerful impulse of the human breast'" is the "adhesive force in this dynamic busy society." Battles over commercial speech have thus involved whether one "interest" (in gaining the levers of governmental power) can effectively silence or punish a competing "interest" simply by arguing that the expression at issue is "interested" because it has a commercial nexus.
In recent years, the Supreme Court has repeatedly prevented such interest groups from blocking their opponents' free speech merely by appealing to "commercial speech" as a talisman. Its failure to rule in Nike v. Kasky appears to reflect more of a technical, procedural concern than any substantive change of sentiment on commercial speech.


BY GAWD! HE DID IT! Another boyhood dream has come true! Mackinlee finally wins his very first Stablewars Championship!!!
Until today, Mackinlee's best finish in WWE, TNA & ROH Stablewars was 4th place.
Mackinlee is also a 9-Time Titlewars Champion, 5 of which are from TNA Titlewars and has won 7 Play-Per-View Championships, 1 from TNA.
This gives the nWo its 5th Stablewars Championship! Going back-to-back after The Viper won last season, in addition to GM Bike & trips15 both winning Season 73 of WWE Stablewars, and MVH previously won Season 8 of ROH Stablewars! 5 Stablewars Titles puts the nWo in 2nd place, tied with legendary factions Evolution and Team Discovery Channel - and only 1 behind the leaders, the Five Horsemen.
Other high ranking forum members include: 4th Place $hawn000 (The $9.99 Club), 5th Place GM Bike (nWo), 6th MMH (nWo), 8th Place The Viper (The Threat) & 10th Place Toxic Diaster (The $9.99 Club).
Thanks to everyone who played Season 55 of TNA Stablewars! Look for Season 56 sometime in the near future.
A PPV win, titlewars win, and now a Stablewars win in a span of a week. Very nice!
I had it before the trade window. Wow I fucked it hard.


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Tony Charters and Associates Tourforce
Tourism is Your Business
Tony Charters and Associates releases a regular newsletter Tourforce keeping stakeholders of the tourism industry connected with current issues, research, events and funding opportunities.
Reproduction of any items from Tourforce is welcome, with acknowledgement of the source.
Welcome to Tourforce Edition 11
National Tourism Certification
Australia has now been actively pursuing tourism certification for over a decade. For those of us who have been involved in this field over that period it is very easy to become a little frustrated at the slow progress being made in this country. Too often government and industry support for such schemes it tied to grants that last for a couple of years. Certification schemes need ten years of concentrated effort to achieve full financial viability and to develop credibility.
Continuous improvement and best business practices are critical to developing a credible reputation and business success. The current challenges to the Australian industry create an ideal environment to re-focus on quality. Climate Change also has brought into focus the need for the tourism industry to respond – few industries are as vulnerable to the negative impacts of climate change as tourism – with not only the economic and consumer impacts of a carbon constrained economy but the predicted environmental consequences for our tourism destinations.
The diversity of the tourism industry creates huge demands on any certification system. While many business processes are common to all operators, there are sector specific requirements that are vital to tourism enterprises who want to be globally competitive. For this reason certification schemes basically fall into two categories – those that are applicable across the industry eg business certification featuring the green star and gold tick and managed by the Tourism Accreditation Australia Limited (of which I am Deputy Chair); and those that focus on industry sectors eg ECO Certification (which I chair as a Board member of Ecotourism Australia) and Respecting Our Culture (ROC) for indigenous tourism products. The success of the ECO Certification program has been recognised by the recent awarding of the WTTC's prestigious international Tourism for Tomorrow Award.
The Commonwealth Government has signaled that it is placing a high priority on tourism service and product quality. Minister Ferguson has stated that Australia must strive for continuous improvement and best practice if it is to be considered an internationally competitive, high quality tourist destination. A National Accreditation System was considered at the recent Tourism Ministers' Council meeting.
In developing a national scheme Minister Ferguson has signaled the importance of working with the current providers of tourism industry certification schemes and the states and territories.
In my view there is no simple 'one size fits all' solution. Efforts will most likely be centred on agreed sets of minimum standards and an 'Accreditation' body which maintains quality control across the range of certification systems.
I am very confident that with a national approach and a true partnership between government and industry (that involves resources and long term funding commitments) that Australia can build a credible, national, voluntary scheme.
Tony Charters
Chandra Da Silva
The ecotourism world lost a great leader recently with the passing of Chandra de Silva, the founder of Ranweli Holiday Village, Sri Lanka. Chandra was a fellow director of The International Ecotourism Society and a great friend.
The Ranweli Resort was a pioneering ecotourism venture and it lead the way in integrating environmental, cultural and social values. Chandra spearheaded the concept and development in face of much scepticism – and achieved great results.
Chandra attended and spoke at several Ecotourism Australia conferences. At Board meetings he provided very wise counsel and brought a wealth of experience through his accountancy expertise and operational experience associated with establishing and running Ranweli. He was a very wise, learned and inspirational man. He was also an excellent host. I will always fondly remember my visit to Sri Lanka in 2004 as part of the TIES Board meeting, and the hospitality that he showed me.
After the 2005 Tsunami, Chandra's immediate response, despite his property having received serious damage, was to assist his local village neighbours in re-building houses and schools. It was so typical of his character and sense of community. He was also extremely active in the Child Protection Society of Ceylon, having served the society for 42 years.
The ecotourism industry has lost an inspirational pioneer.
Conservation and Protected Areas
A Wildlife Centre for the 21st Century
A Tasmanian wildlife centre is re-inventing the concept of wildlife tourism while at the same time playing a key role in saving the now-endangered Tasmanian devil.
The long established Tasmanian Devil Conservation Park on Tasman Peninsula in Tasmania's South East is set to become a model for 21st century wildlife tourism.
Under the guidance of Jon Coe, the internationally acclaimed zoo architect, the park is reinventing the concept of what a wildlife centre should be and expanding its visitor experiences to include field surveys of local fauna and flora.
"Jon Coe has a vision that tips conventional zoo thinking upside-down and we have accepted the challenge," park founder and director, John Hamilton said.
"While Jon has worked for decades at 150 of the world's greatest zoos he has found none has been willing or able to pretty much totally change the way it operates.
"However, as we are a small family run centre, we believe we are in a position to completely rebuild our park to embrace a number of world-first principles," he said.
Multilingual New Age interpretation will range from SMS text messaging for Gen Y visitors to eco-talks by zoologists about the park's efforts to help save the now-endangered Tasmanian devil.
"The "new" park will be open by late 2008 and if we achieve Jon Coe's objectives he believes it will become a model for the way wildlife is kept and managed for the next century," John Hamilton said.
For the past three years the park has been a leader in Tasmanian devil conservation programmes that include developing a road traffic grid to stop diseased devils crossing the gateway bridge to the isolated Tasman Peninsula and breeding founder devils for restocking the region.
The park's new visitor experiences also will extend to monitoring the local wild devil population as part of a project to make Tasman Peninsula the major disease-free sanctuary for wild Tasmanian devils.
Tourism on Public Lands
Following extensive consultation with the nature-based tourism industry, the Victorian Department of Sustainability and Environment, Parks Victoria and Tourism Victoria have released a new licensing system for tourism businesses operating on public lands. The new licensing policy includes changes to the length, fees and conditions of licences, with the aim of ensuring a more sustainable nature-based tourism industry and the conservation of parks, forests and reserves.
Further information: http://www.dse.vic.gov.au/DSE/nrenrt.nsf/fid/C40836B334C7DDCF
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http://www.bigfoto.com/pacific/australia/
Joining Forces for Coral Reefs
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The Project AWARE Foundation and Reef Check Foundation have formally partnered to protect coral reefs around the world. Project AWARE and Reef Check both rely on dedicated volunteer divers to collect relevant data for their monitoring programs. Project AWARE's CoralWatch monitoring, implemented in partnership with the University of Queensland in 2005, collects information on the intensity of coral bleaching and recovery. Since 1997, Reef Check has carried out an annual global scientific survey of human impacts on coral reefs.
http://www.projectaware.org/americas/english/hipages/coralreefs.asp
National Landscapes
The Australian National Landscapes Program is a partnership between Tourism Australia and Parks Australia aims to identify and promote world-class landscapes distinctive to Australia. The National Landscapes program was launched in December 2006 and in June 2008 seven subsequent landscapes were named at the Australian Tourism Exchange. Detailed information on each individual national landscape, including maps, video and things to do and see can be found on the website.
Further information: http://www.experiencescapes.com/
Financial Incentive Schemes
The Department of Tourism, Regional Development and Industry supports regional, industry and business development in Queensland through a range of strategic business assistance activities including financial incentive schemes.
Further information: http://www.industry.qld.gov.au/dsdweb/v4/apps/web/
content.cfm?id=4977
Westin Hotels & Resorts Expands into Queensland
Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide has announced an agreement with Metacap Empire Square to open a new-build Westin hotel and residences in Brisbane. The Westin Brisbane Empire Square will offer 306 rooms in a prime location on Elizabeth Street, close to Central Station, the Convention and Exhibition Centre and Brisbane Casino. The hotel and residences will be part of a premier mixed-use development comprised of the hotel, residences and commercial office space. The Westin Brisbane Empire Square will be the brand's third hotel to open in Australia in early 2012.
Further information: http://development.starwoodhotels.com/
Business Events Infrastructure
The Australian business events sector continues to invest nationwide in new and upgraded infrastructure, committing more than $3.7 billion to the portfolio of products and venues. Business Events Australia has produced a comprehensive overview of new business events infrastructure which details developments in Australian convention centres, accommodation, incentive infrastructure and transport.
Further information: http://www.businessevents.australia.com/2955.aspx
Electronic Ticketing
Since 1 June 2008 airline tickets around the world have gone paperless as part of the International Air Transport Association 100% Electronic Ticketing policy. E-tickets allow travel agencies and travellers more flexibility in making changes without having to reissue paper tickets and avoiding crises such as lost tickets. IATA estimates the move will save the industry some $3 billion a year and will provide enhanced convenience and efficiency for all air travellers.
Further information: https://www.iata.org/pressroom/pr/2005-05-30-04
Gold Coast Whale Watch
Sea World and multi-million dollar New Zealand nature tourism company Whale Watch Kaikoura have joined forces to bring a new whale watching experience to the Gold Coast. A $3.4 million purpose-built eco-friendly 24 metre catamaran will carry 120 passengers to view whales from an extended viewing platform on the front of the boat. The catamaran also has a customised keel designed to lessen risks to the whales, international emission engine standards and toilet waste and grey water will be retained on board to avoid ocean discharge.
Further information: http://www.whalewatchingaustralia.com.au/
Great Ocean Walk Lodge
Leading Victorian-based walking tour operator bothfeet will open the first phase of a new walking-lodge on the Great Ocean Road in September 2008. The purpose-built lodge will combine stylish and sustainable design in 10 acres of rainforest, with accommodation for up to 20 people in 10 bedrooms with ensuite. The lodge will also feature a natural rock swimming pool, foot spa and massage room, and restaurant. Support for the project came from the Australian Government through an Australian Tourism Development Program Grant in September 2007.
Further information: http://www.bothfeet.com.au/default.asp?action
=article&ID=110
http://images.world66.com/12/_a/po/12_apostles__the_galleryfull
Holiday Deprived Nation
Australia has topped the Expedia Vacation Deprivation survey for a second time as the world's worst takers in entitled annual leave. Reasons for the trend included financial pressures, rising interest rates and addiction to work commitments. The results have psychologists concerned with the mental and social impacts entailing holiday deprivation on the Australian population, especially when Australians receive the second lowest amount of annual leave in the world with 18 days, only 4 more than the Americans.
Further information: http://press.expedia.com/index.php?s=pageB
Spa Industry Benchmarks for Australia
New research on the Australian spa industry by Intelligent Spas' has identified spa numbers have grown 152% over the last five years. The new Australia Spa Benchmark Report 2002-2010 identifies current industry trends observed by spa owners and managers, as well as over 450 statistics on financial benchmarks covering revenue (per spa, visitor and square metre), visits and employment. Many of the benchmarks are available by spa type and also detail infrastructure, business models and treatments.
Further information: http://www.intelligentspas.com/main/details_SIS.asp
Tourism Australia is leading the Climate Change Response
http://milan5665.blogspot.com/2008/05/my-carbon-footprint_15.html
Tourism Australia is serious about leading the way in responding to climate change…..
Tony Charters and Associates and GHD have recently been contracted to conduct a social and environmental sustainability audit of Tourism Australia's head office operations. The environmental and social footprint of the head office and key trade events such as the Australian Tourism Exchange and the Visiting Journalists Program will be measured and benchmarked and a system put in place to monitor this footprint over time.
A Climate Friendly Trade Events and Initiatives Strategy will also be developed. This will outline a range of actions for reducing Tourism Australia's carbon footprint and maximising the carbon light characteristics of both operations and events.
The consultancy team will also be developing a toolkit to assist Tourism Australia in rolling out a similar sustainability audit and action plan across its 17 international offices.
Aviation and Environment Summit
At the recent global Aviation and Environment Summit in Geneva, commercial aviation industry leaders signed a declaration on climate change to lead towards carbon neutral growth and a totally sustainable industry. The declaration brought together all sectors of commercial aviation including manufacturers, airlines, airports, and air traffic control. The declaration outlines aviation's concept of 'carbon neutral growth' with an aspiration goal of carbon-free flight. The industry will achieve this through focusing on investment in new technology, increasing operational efficiency, air traffic and airport infrastructure improvements and appropriate economic measures.
Further information: http://www.enviro.aero/declaration.aspx and http://www.enviro.aero/Home.aspx
Hotel Carbon Emission Benchmark
Carepar is a new sector benchmark for hotels and venues which allows business and leisure travellers to understand the emissions involved in their hotel usage, whether for accommodation, conferences or events. Launched by The Hotel Carbon Index Company – Carepar (Carbon Emission Per Room Available) is on target to become the industry standard classification with information including room sizes, fuel bills, recycling initiatives supplied by hoteliers and venues.
Further information: http://www.carepar.com/
Climate Action Australia Certification Scheme Launch
The South Australian Tourism Commission, the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority and Ecotourism Australia have released a pilot program for the Climate Action Australia Certification Scheme. Tony Charters and Associates won the tender to develop the scheme and drafted the program over four months from March 2008.
Thirty operators from South Australia and the Great Barrier Reef are participating in the pilot, which will be launched at the upcoming Green Travel, Climate Change and Ecotourism Conference.
Holiday-makers and travellers will easily be able to judge the efforts being made by tourism operators to reduce or eliminate the carbon footprint of their operation with a new certification system being launched by Ecotourism Australia's new arm Climate Action Australia.
The Climate Action Australia scheme is dedicated to ranking efforts to neutralise carbon emission -from entry level through to 100 per cent off-set and extending to climate change adaptation.
It is designed for all sectors of the tourism industry, regardless of size and level of carbon reduction already undertaken. It will include the tourism hotels, attractions, tours, transport, restaurants, travel agents, tourism commissions and industry bodies.
This certification scheme will be a user-friendly, online application with an online help desk, and automatic filtering so businesses only deal with relevant questions.
The pricing structure will be based on turnover, ensuring the many small businesses in the tourism sector will achieve and maintain certification for under $500 per year.
Climate Action Australia will provide businesses with:
* an understanding of climate change concepts and terminology;
* awareness of credible offsetting activities that can be undertaken;
* clear and practical ways of reducing their carbon footprint – reducing carbon emissions through design, equipment selection and changes in operational practices;
* best practice examples relevant to the business sector and operating environment;
* approaches to adaptation that will assist both the individual enterprise and the collective industry and community within its area of operation.
For more information contact Ecotourism Australia www.ecotourism.org.au
Introduction to Tourism Excellence
The development stage of the Tourism Excellence program has recently been completed. Tourism Excellence has been designed to help tourism businesses and destinations get the best from their workforce, deliver the best possible visitor experience, grow tourism by working together, and ensure a sustainable industry. The Tourism Excellence modules and website include case studies and resources, made it easy to develop and structure the workshops.
Further information: http://www.tourismexcellence.com.au/
New Partnership for Campgrounds
http://www.kingscanyonresort.com.au/campground/
Australia's BIG4 Holiday Parks and Kampgrounds of America have come together to share management technologies and operational practises across the Pacific. The new partnership will deliver state-of-the-art technology and advanced business and customer management solutions to parks within the BIG4 Holiday Parks group. Customers will also benefit from real time guest reservation services, significant enhancements to web information delivery, member loyalty rewards program, service training and a best-practice guest feedback system.
Further information: http://www.big4.com.au/media-releases/world%e2%80%99s-largest-caravan-and-campground-groups-announce-partnership.aspx
Tourism Futures Proceedings 2008
The proceedings of the Tourism Futures National Conference 2008 which includes over 100 presentations are now available online. Papers are available for delegates with password access and a CD Rom of the proceedings is available for purchase which includes an analysis and summary of the key issues, challenges and findings to come out of the conference. Also included for the first time are video proceedings of selected sessions including the international and national keynote speakers featured in the Topline Program.
Further information: http://www.tourismfutures.com.au/
conference2008.html
International Keynote Speaker, Daniel Levine (Executive Director, The Avant-Guide Institute New York) addressing delegates at Tourism Futures 2008
Sustainable Tourism Guidelines
The South Australian Tourism Commission has recently launched its sustainable tourism guidelines. The guidelines draw on the experiences and knowledge from those who have sought to design and operate their facilities in a sustainable manner. The guidelines will be useful for developers, operators, architects, building design consultants, and local and state government planners.
Further information: http://www.tourism.sa.gov.au/tourism/Designguidelines.asp
Excellence in Sustainable Tourism
Qantas has established a major award for Excellence in Sustainable Tourism to promote excellence in business practices and showcase Australia to domestic and international tourists as one of the world's leading sustainable tourism destinations. Each of the State winners will receive a prize of $2,000, with the national winner receiving a major prize of $ 25,000 to be invested in an initiative or project that minimises the impact on the local environment, respects local cultures and provides benefits to local communities. In addition, the national winner will receive coverage through Qantas' extensive communication channels including Qantas inflight magazine and entertainment channels.
Further information: http://www.qantas.com.au/info/about/community/environment
http://images.google.com.au/images?gbv=2&hl=en&q=aboriginal+culture&btnG=Search+Images
Global Geotourism Conference
http://www.promaco.com.au/2008/geotm/
The inaugural Global Geotourism Conference will be held in Fremantle, Western Australia from 17 to 20 August 2008. The conference aims to set a benchmark for the tourism industry in relation to the development, management and marketing of landscapes. The conference will include case studies on sustainability, impact management and environmental issues.
Further information: http://www.promaco.com.au/ 2008/geotm/
Australian Regional Tourism Convention
More than 150 regional tourism professionals from industry, state and local government from across Australia will converge on the Barossa region from 9 to 12 September 2008 for the annual Australian Regional Tourism Convention. The convention aims to address issues such as skill shortages, shifting consumer behaviour patterns and climate change. The conference program will incorporate facilitated workshops, discussion forums, concurrent workshops and field trips.
Further information: http://www.regionaltourism.com.au/
http://www.regionaltourism.com.au/ARTC08/index.html
Australlia's Future in the Wilderness
"The reality is Australia can drop its prices all it likes – but we will never compete on price with our Asian neighbours while their workers earn in a month what our workers earn in a day. We must offer quality experiences that appeal to tourists on the basis of their uniqueness and bragging rights – not their price."
Tony Charters convened the 2008 Tourism Futures conference last month and was surrounded by an industry that was becoming increasingly gloomy.
With a record attendance of 450 delegates gathered at Crowne Plaza Royal Pines on the Gold Coast, the mood was reminiscent of the post September 11 and the Ansett collapse with talk of the lowest visitor number in three decades, record fuel prices. That week Qantas had announced cessation of long haul leisure destination flights.
Some operators in the audience were reeling, with delegates from Quicksilver tours on the Great Barrier Reef a key example – already carrying a $250,000 monthly fuel bill news of flights being cut from Japan and interstate capitals tightened the screws.
"There are some major challenges facing the industry. The issue of fuel is monumental in itself. On top of that the industry is facing up to climate change and what it means for business. And the whole area of building visitor numbers and marketing is a colossal challenge – but there were some very inspiring guide ropes into the future," said Mr Charters.
Leading US technology and online travel expert, Philip Wolf, president and CEO of PhoCusWright addressed the conference over the three days, giving real insights into where the market is heading and how to capitalise on new technologies.
"Philip was able to shine a torch light into the future for us. For example the consumer market in the USA is now booking half of its entire travel online – this far exceeds the Australian take-up of online bookings. For small operators this represents a huge opportunity – in theory every operator now has the same potential to reach their customers. Philip really did give us a head-start on how to take the initiative and be prepared for the coming decade," said Mr Charters.
Australian operators and major government agencies shared their experiences and strategies, including the successful branding of Victoria and the city of Melbourne.
And while the city of Sydney is struggling, there is some promise in New South Wales.
"The overhaul of New South Wales Parks is one of the most exciting makeovers in the country. It has adopted a very progressive and entrepreneurial approach to the parks, developing some very interesting partnerships with industry and using the parks, which are a truly significant national asset, to mature our tourism product – particularly in the regions.
"Daniel Levine, a keynote speaker who is an international trend-spotter fully supported the focus on the environment and pointed out that beach holidays alone were never going attract North Americans or Europeans in numbers. It is our unique wildlife that is a really valuable asset and we have failed to capitalise on it to date."
Just like Southern Africa promotes its 'big five', Australia may soon go one better and be the home of the 'big six' and rather than shying away from the long haul travel it takes to get to here, Australia could soon be promoting the vast open spaces.
While Australia is considered one of the world's most desirable destinations, the marketing pitch needs to target the baby boomers and backpackers who have plenty of time, as well as tapping into the 2 billion people to our north.
Tourism Futures 2008 Keynote Speaker - Daniel Levine (left)
"It is not sustainable for New Zealand to be our major inbound source market," said Mr Charters.
"We need to get on the front foot about our isolation, our unique wildlife and our natural assets. We can offer amazingly different experiences within the safety of a stable, clean, friendly environment."
For a full review of the conference a CD Rom of conference proceedings and the communiqué can be purchased via www.tourismfutures.com.au
Regional Focus on Tourism
Regional Tourism will be the focus of an afternoon session at this years SEGRA conference being conducted in Albury from 18-20 August. "Given 54% of the domestic visitor and 22% of international tourism spending is in regional Australia it is critical that regional Australia understands trends in the tourism sector and constantly updates its approach to tourism to ensure visitors continue to be attracted to regional destinations," said the convenor for SEGRA, Kate Charters.
"Regions need to be looking at what the domestic visitor wants now and at opportunities for the future," Kate said.
Rose Wright from the Regional Tourism Research Centre will be presenting on food, farm and nature based tourism. Ms Wright will be talking about agricultural diversification and business strategies that enable regions to broaden their economic base using tourism.
The unique Hidden Treasures partnership was developed by an innovative group of shires and communities in Western Australia to demonstrate that small disparate communities working together can create a viable tourism destination. Based in the Great Southern area of Western Australia, Manny Papadoulis the Principal of Icon Tourism will talk about how Hidden Treasures developed into the success story it is today.
In addition to over 50 case studies on practical responses to the needs across regional Australia SEGRA is host to 15 nationally recognised experts on broader issues facing regional Australia – population change, economic change, political change, indigenous issues, the role of government.
For more information or to register please visit www.segra.com.au/segra or phone 07 3210 0021.


text:
Teams set to take on fun challenges at Kinship's Amazing Chase
By Nicole Vik on Jun 11, 2016 at 11:21 a.m.
The 5th Annual Kinship Amazing Chase will be held Saturday, June 18 at Heartland Park in Park Rapids.
Teams between four and six people will compete in a series of 10 challenges that could be physical, mental, and skilled or chance at host sites located around the Park Rapids area.
This year, the challenges will be created by local businesses and agencies such as Heartland Homes, Wildwood Enchantment, Hubbard County Law Enforcement, Coborn's, Hugo's, Lori Lea Lanes, Delaney's, NorthStar Orthodontics, Park Ace Hardware and the Park Rapids Fire Department.
"We've got cash sponsors, we have host sponsors, media sponsors, we have prize sponsors and then there are team sponsors," Jennifer Therkilsen, Executive Director for Kinship explained. "I'm so grateful for the way the community steps up and shares in the fun."
Brittany Johnson, a Kinship mentor works for Hubbard County Social Services. She has done the amazing chase every year since its inception forming a team with various co-workers and friends.
"There are a lot of people who aren't as aware of the program as they could be so this is a good way to raise some awareness for Kinship," Johnson said. "The funds for it go back to our kids to serve them better."
"It's a blast," Johnson said about how much enjoyment she gets out of the event each year. "I'm a competitive person and I like to do stuff like this because who doesn't like to have a good time?"
Johnson claims that her favorite host site has been the Hubbard County Sheriff's Department; stating that they usually have some really fun challenges.
Last year, participants had to dig keys out of a barrel of ice water in order to rescue two teammates that had been handcuffed around a pole.
In years past teams had to eat a jail lunch as fast as possible and they had to fingerprint wearing beer goggles.
"They're probably my favorite, they're pretty creative," Johnson said.
The challenges, which are created by the host sites, are a surprise to the participating teams every year and most have been different each year.
The Kinship board committee organizes the final challenges of the day at Heartland Park.
A few challenges last year were rapid gift wrapping, blindfolded cake decorating, scavenger hunts, Polish volleyball and digging objects out of buckets of worms, to name a few.
So far this year 11 teams have registered to participate in the event, with participants from multiple generations.
"We have a couple of new teams this year," Therkilsen said about participation. "A lot of teams come back year after year because it is so much fun.
According to Therkilsen, people have said to her "it's the highlight of their summer" and one of the best ways to spend a Saturday afternoon.
"It's a beautiful blend of businesses and organizations and individuals working together for a fun experience that will benefit the kids of our community," she said while pointing to the title on the event poster, "it's amazing."
The first place team will be awarded $500 and all teams are automatically entered to win the $500 bonus drawing.
The entry fee is $250 per team, some teams are sponsored by local businesses, and some teams fundraise to obtain their entry fee as well as donations for Kinship.
Kinship of the Park Rapids area is a youth mentoring organization that matches mentors with youth in need of positive role models in the Hubbard County area.
Funds for Kinship are all locally supported. According to Therkilsen, there are no big grants or fees for service so they have to raise it all one way or another.
"We do have contracts with the county for children with open cases, some of the townships are supportive otherwise its local businesses and individuals and some smaller grants and fundraising events," she said.
Last year, the event raised over $5,600. I'ts Kinship's biggest fundraiser every year, Therkilsen said.
For more information about Kinship or event registration and rules visit:
www.kinshipparkrapids.org
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After they recently reviewed my website, Scott Kelby and RC Concepcion, as part of the weekly show The Grid, have reviewed a collection of my portrait photos. I have to say I'm really humbled and flattered to hear their feedback! It's always refreshing to see that the work you produce is acknowledged by such high profile individuals!


text:
package com.xdroid.lib.ptr;

import android.content.Context;
import android.util.AttributeSet;

import com.xdroid.lib.ptr.loadmore.DefaultLoadMoreViewFooter;
import com.xdroid.lib.ptr.loadmore.ILoadMoreViewFactory;

public class PtrClassicFrameLayout extends PtrFrameLayout {

    private PtrClassicDefaultHeader mPtrClassicHeader;

    public PtrClassicFrameLayout(Context context) {
        super(context);
        initViews();
    }

    public PtrClassicFrameLayout(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
        initViews();
    }

    public PtrClassicFrameLayout(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {
        super(context, attrs, defStyle);
        initViews();
    }

    private void initViews() {
        mPtrClassicHeader = new PtrClassicDefaultHeader(getContext());
        setHeaderView(mPtrClassicHeader);
        addPtrUIHandler(mPtrClassicHeader);

        ILoadMoreViewFactory loadMoreViewFactory = new DefaultLoadMoreViewFooter();
        setFooterView(loadMoreViewFactory);
    }

    public PtrClassicDefaultHeader getHeader() {
        return mPtrClassicHeader;
    }

    /**
     * Specify the last update time by this key string
     *
     * @param key
     */
    public void setLastUpdateTimeKey(String key) {
        if (mPtrClassicHeader != null) {
            mPtrClassicHeader.setLastUpdateTimeKey(key);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Using an object to specify the last update time.
     *
     * @param object
     */
    public void setLastUpdateTimeRelateObject(Object object) {
        if (mPtrClassicHeader != null) {
            mPtrClassicHeader.setLastUpdateTimeRelateObject(object);
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Investor opportunity! This listing is for the street number 524/526 Duplex with One bed/1 bath, living and kitchen per side. Last rented for $500 per side-tenant pays utilities. Selling in as is condition. New roof last year! New hot water tank and recently painted on one side. Property just vacated and ready for your choice of tenants.


Janet started playing the tenor horn at the age of 9 and played in the Redbridge Youth Bands before her family moved to Kent when she was 13.
She continued playing and joined the Canterbury Youth Band and then Whitstable Brass before getting married and moving to Medway. She has been with the band for over 22 years having a short gap to have a family. She has two sons and one of them also plays cornet in the band.
She enjoys listening to a wide variety of music.


I was going through images on my hard drive the other day, deleting what I could to make space (I really, really need a new laptop - this one is seriously on its last leg), and came across a bunch of 'forgotten' photos. Between our DSLR, old school film Holga, and iPhones, Robbie and I have taken a ton of pictures over the past several years - many of which were just thrown on our computers and never looked at again. It was really cool to stumble upon them and instantly be transported back to the time and space where each one was taken.
I thought I'd share a small handful of these forgotten images with you guys, in hopes that it will motivate me to print some of them and put the rest in an nice online album. There is no rhyme or reason here, by the way. There is also absolutely no aesthetic cohesiveness, and most aren't professional quality by any means. I just picked out a few that conjured up the strongest memories. They were taken all over the place (from our neighborhood to a San Francisco farmer's market to a little town in Mexico), at all different times over the last few years.
Do you store waaaay too many photos on your hard drive too? Or are you more organized about them?
I've been doing the same thing on my blog for the past few weeks. It's fun to look back at photos I'd completely forgotten about. I'm desperately trying to be more organized about them, but it's a struggle! I try to be very organized when it comes to photos for my shops, but my "everyday life" photos are frequently just uploaded and forgotten about.
Those are amazing! Thank you for sharing :) I have tons of unedited photos on file too, but they will probably stay there for the time being.
I love the cider shot and close up of the dandelion. Great photos!
I have tons of forgotten photos, both on the computer and printed (and I don't even have a phone or a nice DSLR - could you imagine if I did?). I even found a shoe box full of 8-10 rolls of film last time I did spring cleaning. I need to find a place somewhere to develop them now.
Love how those cherries look! I am still trying to figure out how to organize my photo's. If anyone has any tips, I'm all ears!
What a great set of pics. I could spend hours looking through old photos...both film and digital. And yes, I take way to many photos and don't print near enough any more!
I save *every* picture. >.> I have so many, and I love them all so much. I have such a hard time deleting pictures!
These are so pretty. I love your outfit in that picture, orange is so pretty on you!


text:
Fizz Studio
Uncharted Territory: Accessible Data Visualizations
The Future of Accessible Charts
(originally published on the Benetech DIAGRAM Center website, as part of their Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP) grant report)
by Doug Schepers, Fizz Studio, on behalf of the Benetech DIAGRAM Center. 8-September-2020.
One part of our remit was to investigate the viability of the ChartML format proposed in 2012 by Ed Summers and Julianna Langston of the SAS Institute. ChartML was intended as a neutral XML source format for representing data visualizations, to be transformed into suitable formats for visual, tactile, or sonification display.
The technology landscape has shifted from the time of that proposal, particularly in Web technology. There has been a shift away from domain-specific XML formats toward markup attribute-based semantics decoration of HTML and SVG, such as author-defined Dataset attributes or the Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA) attributes, enhanced by script-based interaction.
Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) has emerged as the graphics format of choice for data visualizations on the Web, and its markup metadata capabilities make it suitable as the source for other non-visual representations, including haptics and sonification. The native capabilities of the Web have also increased, introducing APIs both for haptics (the Vibration API) and sonification (the Web Audio API).
SVG was also enhanced to be more accessible to screen readers, detailed in the W3C WAI-ARIA Graphics Module and Graphics Accessibility API Mappings specifications.
These increased capabilities, as well as pressure from regulation, have led to a recent proliferation of accessible data visualizations in several major software packages. There is rapid iteration in the commercial and open-source product side of accessibility for charts, with many different approaches. In the coming years, this may culminate in shared common practices, and even in a universal standard for interaction and the interpretation of data visualizations within a standards body like W3C.
In addition, there is activity among W3C's participants that may lead to more detailed guidelines for data visualizations, as distinct from the generic "complex image" guidelines, within the W3C Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), which serve as the basis for regulation and legislation such as the US Section 508 directive. This has the potential to become a virtual cycle, where innovation in the market leads to standardization, which leads to widespread legal requirements, which in turn rewards technical and user experience innovation, all benefiting not just people with disabilities, but all consumers of data visualizations.
The DIAGRAM Center has fostered this progress in accessible data visualizations in three ways: by convening leading accessible charting developers, projects, and companies in discussions toward standards; by fostering community collarboration and development in our code sprints; and by disseminating this information to educators, parents, publishers, and software professionals through our reports, code repositories, and other publications. One recent success story from our code sprints was the creation of a new open-source software project called SparkBraille, which enables the easy creation of interactive tactile line and bar charts through a common refreshable braille display, right from the Web, with no special hardware or software required; this project was started and completed from scratch in the 3 days of our 2020 code sprint, and the developers continued to refine it after the event.
It is clear that the nature of digital accessibility of charts lies in the future of Web technology, Web standards, and Web applications. While not all the details are yet obvious, the renewed emphasis on digital content being "born accessible" has shifted, and will continue to shift, the market for data visualizations.
Reliable and Valid SVG Accessibility
Accessible Charts with ARIA
Why Accessibility is at the Heart of Data Visualization
Dataviz Fireside Chat
Weston Thayer on Reliable and Valid SVG Accessibility
Doug Schepers on Reliable and Valid SVG Accessibility


All the offensives that have conducted by the enemy with the advice of Soviet generals have been to destroy the Eritrean revolution once and for all. The Derg used the two and half years after its foiled fifth offensive to prepare itself for a bigger invasion that it named "Red Star Campaign". Simultaneously the EPLF leadership was well aware of the intension of the enemy and has been well prepared for any eventuality in all possibilities.
The two and half years of preparation gave the enemy ample time to make extensive political, economic and diplomatic preparation for its highly publicized "Red Star Campaign", which it planned to be a final and winding military campaign against the Eritrean armed struggle. Just before the offensive was launched, the Derg made sure that the necessary re-enforcement was made on its units in Eritrea. Consequently it equipped its army with new arms and more than enough ammunitions. It also renamed its military units Wuqaw, Metir, Nadew, etc. in a bid to boost the moral of the army.
During this offensive the Derg had mobilized an army of 120,000-well trained and equipped. 60,000 out of which had been assigned to directly march to retake Nakfa, while the 20,000 were stationed in Barka,7,000 in Halhal front as a backup and the remaining around 22,000 has been given the order to attack the North-Eastern Sahel front. The enemy forces that have been stationed at the North-Eastern Sahel front were met by the strong resistance of the EPLF combatants and their mission doomed before it began.
The enemy forces that have been stationed at the North-Eastern Sahel front were well equipped with all means of armory and its soldiers with a confidence that no force could come and displaced them but rather with a power to destroy the Eritrean liberation fighters. The reality, however, had been to the contrary. The big enemy forces had been routed out from the area within few days to the surprise of the enemy leadership and its army commanders.
On February 22 1984 the EPLF forces launched a surprise attack on the enemy forces at the North-Eastern Sahel front. However due to some problems in coordination the offensive failed to hit its target. The failed offensive had to be thoroughly assessed and mistakes corrected and another attack planned. The combatants who participated in the offensive could not swallow the defeat and were more than ever ready to retaliate. And the EPLF commanders decided they would attack the enemy within one month of the failed attempt.
The enemy on its part had been dead sure that the EPLF would attack very soon and they on their part made sure that they are prepared for any eventuality. Both the EPLF and the enemy began preparations of their own.
Exactly after one month the EPLF offensive began at around 12:30 PM at a time during which the enemy has not been expecting. With a short period of time the first line of the enemy strong hold has been broken. Consequently the second defense line had been also easily penetrated to the astonishment of the combatants that have been expecting some resistance.
The final war plan had been to destroy the command post of the enemy and here strong resistance had been expected. The enemy resisted for about five hours but finally gave up. And the enemy command post at Awget fell on the hands of the EPLF fighters.
The enemy lose during this offensive has been estimated to be 6000 soldiers killed, 15 tanks, 7 armored vehicles, 6 anti-tank batteries, more than 20 heavy artillery, more than 80 military vehicles, substantial amount of fuel and foodstuff and more than 35000 light arms feel in the hands of the combatants.
The demise of Wuqaw Iz had been one of the many failed enemy offensives that brought the moral and combat appetite of the enemy to zero. And that brought the inevitability of the defeat of the enemy. It has been only a matter of time. On the other hand it boosted the moral of the liberation fighters and the psychological confidence that no enemy forces could deter their advance for the final show to liberate the country.
The enemy forces as a final show launched what it called the "Red Star campaign" popularly known as the sixth offensive by the EPLF. This offensive testified the resilience, courage and determination of the EPLF combatants. And that, like the other enemy offensives, miserably failed opening the door for the EPLF to initiate its own offensive and step by step shorten the existence of the enemy on the Eritrean soil.


Our hotel boasts a selection of rooms in the Jugendstil style which are undeniably some of the most beautiful and personalised hotel rooms in Estonia, being our pride and joy. Even the smallest elements which are worked out in great detail are in compliance with the art nouveau conception and every room offers a varied view over the medieval episcopal castle, trenches filled with seawater, the town's park, or the gardener's legacy – the romantic garden surrounding the hotel.
All the rooms are equipped with luxurious furniture, accessories, and all the necessary essentials such as a mini-bar, telephone, hair-drier, TV, safe, bath robe, slippers, and Wifi wireless Internet coverage for the entire building.
Each room is equipped with a direct dial telephone and WIFI. For our guests, WIFI is free of charge!
Ekesparre Boutique Hotel offers breakfast as flexibly as possible. Clients have the privilege of choosing the time, and place for their breakfast, as well as their menu. Although the buffet breakfast is served in the lounge of the first floor, guest can order breakfast also to their room.
While compiling the breakfast menu, we took "fresh and tasty" as our watchwords.
You can rest assured that the breakfast menu does not lack the foods which are representative of Saaremaa, such as the traditional Saaremaa bread, smoked and salted fish, marinated herring, rollmops, small herring, etc.