Sheila Sebastian Vs. R. Jawaharaj & ANR. etc.
1. 1 These criminal appeals are filed against the impugned order dated 25.01.2008, passed by the High Court of Judicature at Madras, Madurai Bench in Criminal Revision Case Nos.523 & 546 of 2005, wherein the High Court has allowed the criminal revisions and held that the conviction of accused respondents is not sustainable under Section 465 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 [hereinafter 'IPC'].
2. The case of the prosecution giving rise to these appeals, in brief, is that the complainant Mrs. Doris Victor (deceased mother of the appellant) was the owner of a plot insurvey numbers 1777/1A, 1778/1, 1779/1 1 Reportable and 1779/2 in Valliyoor village. The complainant alleges that, accused no. 1, (R. Jawaharaj), with the aid of an imposter who by impersonating as Mrs. Doris Victor created a Power of Attorney (hereinafter 'PoA') in his name as if he was her agent. It was further alleged that, using the aforesaid PoA the accused no. 1, attempted to transfer the property of complainant by executing a mortgage deed in favour of accused no. 2, (Rajapandi) for a sum of Rs.50,000/-. After getting the information about the aforesaid transaction, the owner of the property Mrs. Doris Victor gave a complaint to the police which was subsequently registered as FIR dated 14.03.1998. After the completion of investigation, a final report was filed against the aforesaid accused under Sections 420, 423 and 424, IPC. The complainant Mrs. Doris Victor died after filing the complaint.
3. The learned Judicial Magistrate framed charges against accused no. 1 for the alleged offences punishable under Sections 420,423 and 465, IPC and against the accused no. 2 for the offences under Sections 424 and 465 read with 109, IPC. Both the accused were tried by the learned Judicial Magistrate at Valliyoor in C.C. No: 62/1999, wherein accused no. 1 was convicted under Section 465, IPC and was sentenced to undergo 2 years of simple imprisonment and to pay a fine of Rs. 5,000/- and accused no. 2 was sentenced to undergo simple imprisonment for a period of 1 year and to pay a fine of Rs. 2,000/- for the offences under Section 465 read with Section 109, IPC vide order dated 12.03.2003.
4. Aggrieved by the same, the Respondents- Accused appealed before the Ld. Sessions Judge at Tirunelveli by way of Criminal Appeal Nos. 72 & 78 of 2003, which ended up in dismissal by upholding the order of conviction.
5. Thereafter, the respondents approached the High Court of Madras, Bench at Madurai, wherein the High Court acquitted the revision petitioners by setting aside the concurrent findings of the courts below. The High Court, basing on the decision in Guru Bipin Singh v. Chongtham Manihar Singh & Another, 1996 (11) SCC 622 observed that, the requirement of Section 464, IPC is not satisfied in view of what has been stated under 3 Explanation 2 to Section 464. Further from the perusal of the Explanation, it is clear that to get attracted the offence of forgery, "making of a false document is essential. Hence perusing the given facts and circumstances before it, the High Court concluded that, as no case is made out under Section 464, IPC offence under Section 420 of the IPC being a consequential one, equally cannot be sustained.
6. Dissatisfied with the judgment of the High Court setting aside the concurrent findings of conviction recorded by the Courts below against the respondents, the appellant (daughter of the deceased Doris Victor) filed the present appeal before this Court.
7. The counsel for the appellant submits that, the High Court failed to appreciate the material placed on record and acquitted the respondent solely on the basis that their signatures are not found on the forged document. According to the appellant, this is an erroneous interpretation of Section 464 of IPC which mandates that anyone who makes a false document is guilty of forgery. The respondents allegedly created the forged power of attorney with the sole intention of grabbing the property belonging to Mrs. Doris Victor.
8. Per contra, the ld. counsel for the respondents supported the judgment of the High Court and the interpretation given by the High Court, how the offence under Section 464, IPC is attracted. Further he submits that the appellant has got back the property and the mortgage deed has been cancelled by a competent civil court.
9. Before we proceed to deal with the merits of the case , it would be appropriate to have a look at the Statements of certain prosecution witnesses for better appreciation of the dispute involved in the case.
10. P.W. 1 (Narayanan Pillai), who is a document writer, stated that on 08.12.1997, both the accused accompanied a woman who identified herself as Mrs. Doris Victor and approached P.W.1 to execute a Power of Attorney in favour of accused no1. After the said document was made by P.W. 1, two witnesses put their signatures along with P.W. 1 himself. Later they registered the said document in the office of Sub Registrar, Panangudi. One month thereafter, both the accused came to the office of PW 1 for the execution of mortgage deed in respect of the said property for an amount of Rs. 50,000/-. PW 1 prepared the said document which was then signed by accused no.1. The said deed was registered in the office of the Sub-Registrar, Valliyoor wherein both the accused were present and accused no. 1 put his thumb impression on the said document.
11. PW 2 (Irin Edward) was an acquaintance of Doris Victor, who was informed by one Dhanaraj of Panangudi that the accused no.1 has forged the Power of Attorney in respect of a property belonging to Doris Victor and attempted to alienate the same by executing and registering a mortgage deed in favour of Rajapandi. After inspecting the requisite official records, PW 2 informed to Doris Victor who was in Chennai, then both PW 2 & Doris Victor filed complaints against the accused persons.
12. PW 3 (Ramasubramanian), who was assisting PW 1 during the occurrence of the said incident, is an acquaintance of the accused and was not aware of the fact that the lady claiming to be Doris Victor was genuine or not. The statement made by PW3 corroborates with that of PW1.
13. PW 4 (Ms. Latha) was the Sub Registrar when the accused persons came with the imposter for the registration of the Power of Attorney. During the registration, along with the imposter, accused no. 2 Rajapandi put his signature as a witness. The left hand thumb impression of the imposter was maintained in the office of Sub Registrar. The original Power of Attorney was received by the accused no. 1 Jawaharaj who put his signature on the same.
14. PW 6 (Mr. Nagaraja) was working as Sub Registrar when accused no.1 executed the mortgage deed in favour of accused no.2 and he put his signature in the capacity of being the agent of Doris Victor and registered the documents.
15. PW 7 (Mr. Ramu) is a Scientist in the Forensic Department who has testified that there exist discrepancies between the disputed signature of the imposter and the original signature of Doris Victor.
16. PW 8 (Mr. Albonse Xavier), a finger print recording inspector, has testified that the fingerprints present on the alleged forged Power of Attorney do not match with that of Doris Victor.
17. At this juncture, it is pertinent to have a look at the definition of 'forgery' and the precedents on this aspect. 463. Forgery-Whoever makes any false documents [or false electronic record] or part of a document [or electronic record,] with intent to cause damage or injury, to the public or to any person, or to support any claim or title, or to cause any person to part with property, or to enter into any express or implied contract, or with intent to commit fraud or that fraud may be committed, commits forgery.
Thirdly.-Who dishonestly or fraudulently causes any person to sign, seal, execute or alter a document or an electronic record or to affix his electronic signature on any electronic record knowing that such person by reason of unsoundness of mind or intoxication cannot, or that by reason of deception practised upon him, he does not know the contents of the document or electronic record or the nature of the alteration.
Explanation 1.-A man's signature of his own name may amount to forgery.
Explanation 2.-The making of a false document in the name of a fictitious person, intending it to be believed that the document was made by a real person, or in the name of a deceased person, intending it to be believed that the document was made by the person in his lifetime, may amount to forgery.
Explanation 3.-For the purposes of this section, the expression "affixing electronic signature" shall have the meaning assigned to it in clause (d) of sub-section (1) of section 2 of the Information Technology Act, 2000.
20. The key to unfold the present dispute lies in understanding Explanation 2 as given in Section 464 of IPC. As Collin J., puts it precisely in Dickins v. Gill, (1896) 2 QB 310, a case dealing with the possession and making of fictitious stamp wherein he stated that "to make", in itself involves conscious act on the part of the maker. Therefore, an offence of forgery cannot lie against a person who has not created it or signed it.
(iii) he obtained a document by practicing deception, or from a person not in control of his senses."
22. In Md. Ibrahim (supra), this Court had the occasion to examine forgery of a document purporting to be a valuable security (Section 467, IPC) and using of forged document as genuine (Section 471, IPC). While considering the basic ingredients of both the offences,this Court observed that to attract the offence of forgery as defined under Section 463, IPC depends upon creation of a document as defined under Section 464, IPC. It is further observed that mere execution of a sale deed by claiming that property being sold was executant's property, did not amount to commission of offences punishable under Sections 467 and 471, IPC even if title of property did not vest in the executant.
23. The Court in Md. Ibrahim (supra) observed that: "There is a fundamental difference between a person executing a sale deed claiming that the property conveyed is his property, and a person executing a sale deed by impersonating the owner or falsely claiming to be authorised or empowered by the owner, to execute the deed on owner's behalf. When a person executes a document conveying a property describing it as his, there are two possibilities. The first is that he bona fide believes that the property actually belongs to him. The second is that he may be dishonestly or fraudulently claiming it to be his even though he knows that it is not his property.
But to fall under first category of 'false documents', it is not sufficient that a document has been made or executed dishonestly or fraudulently. There is a further requirement that it should have been made with the intention of causing it to be believed that such document was made or executed by, or by the authority of a person, by whom or by whose authority he knows that it was not made or executed. When a document is executed by a person claiming a property which is not his, he is not claiming that he is someone else nor is he claiming that he is authorised by someone else. Therefore, execution of such document (purporting to convey some property of which he is not the owner) is not execution of a false document as defined under Section 464 of the Code. If what is executed is not a false document, there is no forgery. If there is no forgery, then neither Section 467 nor Section 471 of the Code are attracted."
24. In Mir Nagvi Askari vs. Central Bureau of Investigation, (2009) 15 SCC 643, this Court, after analysing the facts of that case, came to observe as follows: "A person is said to make a false document or record if he satisfies one of the three conditions as noticed hereinbefore and provided for under the said section. The first condition being that the document has been falsified with the intention of causing it to be believed that such document has been made by a person, by whom the person falsifying the document knows that it was not made. Clearly the documents in question in the present case, even if it be assumed to have been made dishonestly or fraudulently, had not been made with the intention of causing it to be believed that they were made by or under the authority of someone else.
The second criteria of the section deals with a case where a person without lawful authority alters a document after it has been made. There has been no allegation of alteration of the voucher in question after they have been made. Therefore, in our opinion the second criteria of the said section is also not applicable to the present case. The third and final condition of Section 464 deals with a document, signed by a person who due to his mental capacity does not know the contents of the documents which were made i.e. because of intoxication or unsoundness of mind, etc. Such is also not the case before us. Indisputably therefore the accused before us could not have been convicted with the making of a false document.
25. Keeping in view the strict interpretation of penal statute i.e., referring to rule of interpretation wherein natural inferences are preferred, we observe that a charge of forgery cannot be imposed on a person who is not the maker of the same. As held in plethora of cases, making of a document is different than causing it to be made. As Explanation 2 to Section 464 further clarifies that, for constituting an offence under Section 464 it is imperative that a false document is made and the accused person is the maker of the same, otherwise the accused person is not liable for the offence of forgery.
26. The definition of "false document" is a part of the definition of "forgery". Both must be read together. 'Forgery' and 'Fraud' are essentially matters of evidence which could be proved as a fact by direct evidence or by inferences drawn from proved facts. In the case in hand, there is no finding recorded by the trial Court that the respondents have made any false document or part of the document/record to execute mortgage deed under the guise of that 'false document'.
Hence, neither respondent no.1 nor respondent no.2 can be held as makers of the forged documents. It is the imposter who can be said to have made the false document by committing forgery. In such an event the trial court as well as appellate court misguided themselves by convicting the accused. Therefore, the High Court has rightly acquitted the accused based on the settled legal position and we find no reason to interfere with the same.
27. A reasonable doubt has already been thoroughly explained in the case of Latesh @ Dadu Baburao Karlekar Versus The State of Maharashtra, (2018) 3 SCC 66 wherein 'reasonable doubt' has been enunciated by this Court as "a mean between excessive caution and excessive indifference to a doubt, further it has been elaborated that reasonable doubt must be a practical one and not an abstract theoretical hypothesis." In this case at hand, the imposter has not been found or investigated into by the concerned officer.
Nothing has been spilled on the relationship between the imposter and respondent no.1. Law is well settled with regard to the fact that however strong the suspicion may be, it cannot take the place of proof. Strong suspicion, coincidence, grave doubt cannot take the place of proof. Always a duty is cast upon the Courts to ensure that suspicion does not take place of the legal proof. In this case, the trial Court as well as the appellate Court carried away by the fact that accused is the beneficiary or the executant of the mortgage deed, where the prosecution miserably failed to prove the first transaction 16 i.e PoA as a fraudulent and forged transaction. The standard of proof in a criminal trial is proof beyond reasonable doubt because the right to personal liberty of a citizen can never be taken away by the standard of preponderance of probability.
28. This case on hand is a classic example of poor prosecution and shabby investigation which resulted in the acquittal of the accused. The Investigating Officer is expected to be diligent while discharging his duties. He has to be fair, transparent and his only endeavour should be to find out the truth. The Investigating Officer has not even taken bare minimum care to find out the whereabouts of the imposter who executed the PoA. The evidence on record clearly reveals that PoA was not executed by the complainant and the beneficiary is the accused, still the accused could not be convicted.
The latches in the lopsided investigation goes to the root of the matter and fatal to the case of prosecution. If this is the coordination between the prosecution and the investigating agency, every criminal case tend to end up in acquittal. In the process, the common man will lose confidence on the criminal justice delivery system, which is not a good symptom. It is the duty of the investigation, prosecution as well as the Courts to ensure that full and material facts and evidence are brought on record, so that there is no scope for miscarriage of justice.
29. Although we acknowledge the appellant's plight who has suffered due to alleged acts of forgery, but we are not able to appreciate the appellant's contentions as a penal statute cannot be expanded by using implications. Section 464 of the IPC makes it clear that only the one who makes a false document can be held liable under the aforesaid provision. It must be borne in mind that, where there exists no ambiguity, there lies no scope for interpretation. The contentions of the appellant are contrary to the provision and contrary to the settled law.
The prosecution could not succeed to prove the offence of forgery by adducing cogent and reliable evidence. Apart from that, it is not as though the appellant is remediless. She has a common law remedy of instituting a suit challenging the validity and binding nature of the mortgage deed and it is brought to our notice that already the competent Civil Court has cancelled the mortgage deed and the appellant got back the property.
30. In light of the above discussion, we find no reason to interfere with the order passed by the High Court, resultantly appeals stand dismissed being devoid of merits.


I made this pumpkin sherbert and it was gone before I could photograph and post the recipe for you all. Despite my request…my plea, really…Mr. Prevention couldn't resist. I had one serving and he handled the rest.
I refuse to print recipes, so my laptop travels with me to the kitchen…leaving no counter space. Add an additional computer and an additional person and well, I wasn't a happy camper.
"Oh, I did…" he assured me.
He made more and I hurriedly photographed the sherbert before I was SOL and sherbert-less once again.
In a saucepan, combine milk, sugar, pumpkin, and heat over medium heat. Bring to a full boil while whisking, then reduce heat to low, and simmer for thirty seconds.
Remove from the heat, and add the vanilla, nutmeg, cinnamon and clove, and stir.
Transfer the mixture to a bowl, and chill in the refrigerator until cold, about an hour. When chilled, freeze in your ice cream maker according to the manufacturer's instructions. Yield: ~6 servings (1/2 cup each).
Result: Mr. Prevention reports this as being very pumpkin-y and less sweet than pumpkin ice cream (personally, I consider this a good thing as pumpkin ice cream is REALLY sweet…too sweet). He describes an icier texture as I mentioned above. If you want more of a creamy ice cream texture, use whole milk or half and half, though the calorie and fat content will increase accordingly. High recommendations from us! Enjoy!
Question: Have you ever had pumpkin ice cream or sherbert?
LOL!! I love that picture!! And, I can only imagine the scolding he got for eating the first batch…I have done the same to Nick before. I can't imagine him actually making me more of what I made though. That was pretty awesome!!
The sherbet sounds amazing. I'm sure Nick and I would eat that up in seconds too.
Well, I would give Mr. Prevention some grief for devouring that sherbert…but I'm pretty sure I would have done the same thing! I love that it's almost guilt free…I'll certainly be making a batch!
Flippin AWESOME!!! WOW! Looks amazing!!!! I use to make a frosted pumpkin pie…it was a combination of canned pumpkin with cinnamon ice cream, good for a healthy indulgence! Great post!!! I LOVE!!!
I planned on making your hard cider sorbet over Thanksgiving weekend but then I drank all my cider instead.
I just opened a can of pumpkin yesterday so maybe I'll make this recipe. It's down to this or pumpkin bread. Maybe I'll have enough pumpkin left over to make both.
This looks so delicious! I must try to make this.
My laptop comes with me into the kitchen as well, yay for saving paper!
I have had pumpkin ice cream before, good stuff!
My favorite cups to use in my house are those plastic ones you get at beer events… Yours reminded me of that!
Silly DH…what an awesome pic though!! Hmmm, can't wait to get my pumpkin loving hands on this!! YUM!
This Post is too funny. I would have made more as well.
Ha – glad to see my husband isn't the only one who steals the camera!! I made your version of the Cooking Light broccoli cheddar soup – its delicious!
I have never had pumpkin sorbet…can't wait to try it!
LOL, cute pic 🙂 Sounds like such a fun fall dessert that isn't too heavy!


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More than a third of American adults take prescription drugs that may increase risk of depression, study says
By Carolyn Y. Johnson
The Washington Post |
More than a third of American adults are taking prescription drugs, including hormones for contraception, blood pressure medications and medicines for heartburn, that carry a potential risk of depression, according to a study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
The study found that people who took multiple drugs associated with a possible increased risk of depression were also more likely to be depressed, but researchers couldn't distinguish whether the medications were the cause. It's possible people already had a medical history of depression prior to taking the drugs, or the medical conditions they were being treated for could have contributed to their depression.
The work is part of a provocative and growing body of research that documents how polypharmacy -- the use of multiple prescription drugs at the same time -- has risen in the U.S. The number of Americans taking at least five prescription drugs at the same time rose sharply between 1999 and 2012, and the elderly are particularly at risk for dangerous interactions between drugs.
The study examined drugs that list possible adverse side effects including depression and suicide, but that does not mean the link was always well-characterized -- or that people should stop taking a drug that could be helping them. Painkillers and antidepressants were listed, which could be related to underlying reasons for the depression.
Dima Qato, an assistant professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy who led the study, said that while there has been attention to social factors that increase risk for depression, there is often little attention to the role of medications.
"We know polypharmacy is growing, we know it is not always promoting good health and longevity in patients, and we know a lot of drugs have certain adverse effects -- and one of them is depression and suicidal symptoms," Qato said. "As a pharmacist, when a patient comes in and reports depressive symptoms, I just think it's really important to think about what other medications they are on."
The study analyzed a detailed survey of thousands of American adults taken every two years between 2005 and 2014, in which people opened their medicine cabinets and showed researchers all the prescription drugs they had taken in the last month. They were also assessed for depression.
Over the decade, Qato and colleagues found that 37 percent of U.S. adults, on average, took medications associated with depression.
The team also found that the number of people taking at least three medications that carried a potential side effect of depression increased over the survey time period, from 6.9 percent in the 2005-2006 survey to 9.5 percent in 2013-2014. The rate of depression tripled in people taking at least three medications with a possible side effect, compared to people taking no drugs with that side effect.
The researchers found the same pattern, even when excluding people who were taking antidepressants. Taking multiple medications that didn't carry a depression risk was not associated with increased depression.
Michael Steinman, a professor of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco, pointed out that for many drugs, the risk of depression as a side effect is not well understood and may even be controversial. Studies have shown mixed evidence, for example, about a link between commonly taken high blood pressure drugs called beta blockers and depression.
But even if doctors don't have definitive proof that a particular drug is causing a depression, the study is a reminder that physicians should consider the role of medications -- particularly for patients on multiple medications associated with increased risk of an adverse side effect, which the study shows are commonly used.
"It should up the ante about having the conversation about whether a medication is really helpful," Steinman said. "A lot of times, people stay on medications for a long time. It's easier to continue than to stop them. It's a reminder to always be thinking: does this person really need this medication?"
Qato said that pharmacists stick labels on pill bottles, warning that drugs increase the risk of drowsiness, that people should take food or not drink alcohol with a certain medication, but that many patients -- and doctors -- may be unaware of the depression risks of certain prescription drugs.
"Even if the same doctor is prescribing drugs, the fact is that it's really difficult -- there's no software that tells a doctor, 'your patient is on three drugs that predispose them or are associated potentially with depression or suicidal symptoms," Qato said.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In this art video tutorial I explain how to draw a flower from the front using simple shapes. I also show how to make petals look curved and twisted and, by using light and shade, how to make the flower look three dimensional. This video is intended for beginners to drawing, teachers of art in primary or elementary schools and for children and anyone learning to draw.


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text:
Strix ist eine Gattung mittelgroßer bis sehr großer Arten der Eigentlichen Eulen (Strigidae), die gemäß Artname alle als Käuze bezeichnet werden. Je nach wissenschaftlicher Auffassung umfasst sie 15–24 Arten, die beinahe weltweit mit Ausnahme der Polargebiete, der Australis, Madagaskars und der südpazifischen Inseln vorkommen. In Mitteleuropa ist die Gattung durch den Waldkauz (Strix aluco) und durch Restpopulationen des Habichtskauzes (Strix uralensis) vertreten. In Nordeuropa kommt die größte Art dieser Gattung vor, der in der nördlichen Holarktis verbreitete Bartkauz (Strix nebulosa).

Die meisten dieser weitgehend nachtaktiven Eulen ernähren sich von kleinen bis mittelgroßen Säugetieren, gelegentlich auch von Vögeln und Reptilien. Sie brüten in natürlichen Baumhöhlen, in ausgefaulten Baumstumpen, alten Spechthöhlen sowie in Krähen- und Greifvogelhorsten.

Die Gattung weist keine obligaten Zugvögel auf, doch unternehmen die Arten höherer Breiten witterungsbedingte Wanderungen, wenn die Beutetiere knapp oder unerreichbar werden.

Im Englischen wird diese Gattung Wood Owls genannt, im Deutschen ist jedoch eine zusammenfassende Bezeichnung unter "Waldkäuze" nicht gebräuchlich. Der Gattungsname Strix war im antiken Griechenland einer der vielen Namen für Eulen.

Etwa die Hälfte der Arten ist nicht gefährdet. Einige weisen jedoch sehr kleine Verbreitungsgebiete auf, in denen anthropogene Eingriffe in ihren Lebensraum, insbesondere Entwaldung, sehr rasch zu Bestandseinbrüchen führen. Die Bestandssituation einiger weiterer Arten ist bislang völlig unklar.

Merkmale
Vögel dieser Gattung sind meist massig wirkende, mittelgroße bis sehr große Eulen mit auffallend großem, rundem Kopf und deutlich ausgeprägtem Gesichtsschleier. Federohren sind bei keiner Art ausgebildet. Die meisten Arten sind auf der Oberseite braun, graubraun oder rötlichbraun gefärbt; in diese Grundfärbung sind sowohl helle als auch dunkle Zeichnungen und unregelmäßige Tropfenflecken eingelassen, was dem Oberseitengefieder insgesamt eine wirkungsvolle Tarnfarbe verleiht. Einige Arten, wie der Malaienkauz (Strix leptogrammica) oder der Bartelskauz (Strix bartelsi), sind auffallend rötlichorangebraun gefärbt. Einige wenige Arten tragen ein schwarz-weiß gesprenkeltes Federkleid, darunter die früher in eine eigene Gattung Ciccaba gestellten Bindenhalskauz (Strix nigrolineata) und Zebrakauz (Strix huhula). Die Unterseite ist meist heller gefärbt und ist in unterschiedlicher Intensität entweder dunkel längs- oder quergestrichelt. Viele Arten sind in der Grundfärbung sehr variabel, bei einigen bestehen unterschiedliche, meist rötlichbraune oder graubraune Farbmorphen. Hochgebirgs- beziehungsweise Wüstenarten, wie die beiden lange als Unterarten des Waldkauzes geführten Arten Omankauz (Strix butleri) und Himalaja-Waldkauz (Strix nivicola), sind sandfarben oder auf sehr hellem, fast weißem Grund dunkel gefleckt.

Das Gesichtsfeld ist häufig deutlich heller als das übrige Kopfgefieder; bei den meisten Arten ist es radial dunkel gezont, bei einigen anderen Arten, wie dem Habichtskauz, aber strahlig strukturiert. Bei den meisten Arten ist es deutlich durch einen entweder dunklen oder hellen, oft deutlich herzförmigen Federsaum vom übrigen Kopfgefieder getrennt. Über den runden, oft nicht allzu großen, bei der Mehrheit der Arten dunkelbraunen, bei einigen aber gelben, beziehungsweise orangen Augen liegt ein heller Federsaum, der sich zum Schnabel hin verengt und unter dem Schnabel wieder weitet, wodurch eine auffallend x-förmige Gesichtszeichnung entsteht. Bei einigen Arten ist dieser Federsaum unter dem Schnabel bartartig verlängert. Der relativ kurze, kräftige und stark abwärts gebogene Schnabel ist bei fast allen Arten gelb. Die Beine sind wie bei allen Strigidae kurz und kräftig und bei beinahe allen Arten bis zum Zehenansatz befiedert. Bei einigen, in nivalen Habitaten vorkommenden Käuzen, tragen auch die basalen Zehenglieder Federn, oder sind – wie beim Bartkauz – überhaupt zur Gänze befiedert.

Die Flügel sind breit und gerundet. Auch der Schwanz ist relativ breit, mittellang oder lang, bei den meisten Arten gerundet und bei vielen mehr oder weniger deutlich quergebändert.

Wie bei allen Eulen ist der Gehörsinn äußerst gut entwickelt. Die Ohröffnungen sind sehr groß und bei den meisten Arten wie bei den Raufußkäuzen (Aegolius) asymmetrisch. Diese Asymmetrie ist beim Bartkauz am stärksten ausgeprägt und umfasst nicht nur die Weichteile des Organs, sondern auch den Schädel. In der Regel ist das rechte Ohr größer als das linke.

Die Geschlechter unterscheiden sich in der Färbung nicht. In Bezug auf Größe und Masse besteht ein leichter, zum Teil auch deutlicher, reverser Geschlechtsdimorphismus. So wiegen Männchen des Bartkauzes bis zu 1110 Gramm, bei Weibchen hingegen wurde ein Maximalgewicht von 1900 Gramm festgestellt.

Maße und Gewicht
Die kleinsten Vertreter, wie etwa der Mexiko-Sprenkelkauz (Strix squamulata), messen bei einem Gewicht um die 300 Gramm knappe 30 Zentimeter; Weibchen des größten Vertreters der Gattung, des Bartkauzes, erreichen eine Körperlänge von 67 Zentimetern und ein Gewicht von fast zwei Kilogramm. Sie stehen also in der Größe dem heimischen Uhu (Bubo bubo) kaum nach, wohl aber deutlich im Gewicht.

Lautäußerungen
Das Grundmuster der Gesänge fast aller Vertreter dieser Gattung ist sehr ähnlich: Es besteht aus einer unterschiedlich großen, in der Regel jedoch 10 nicht überschreitenden Anzahl von hu-Silben, die unterschiedlich gereiht und betont vorgetragen werden. Von der Klangcharakteristik her kann ein dumpf dröhnendes, ein wohltönend gutturales, aber auch ein bellendes Klangbild entstehen (Klangbeispiel: Bartkauz). Im Allgemeinen ist die Tonlage bei kleineren Arten etwas höher und greller; bei den großen Arten überwiegen tiefe, hohle Tonfärbungen. Von diesem Grundschema weichen die Lautäußerungen der beiden südamerikanischen Arten Rostfußkauz (Strix rufipes) und Chaco-Waldkauz (Strix chacoensis) deutlich ab, die nach grunzenden Eingangselementen eine lange Abfolge relativ klarer, gutturaler Silben, etwa wie kokoko-kwowkwok… beziehungsweise crococro-craor-craor… äußern (Klangbeispiel: Fleckenkauz). Beide Partner singen, oftmals im Duett. Weibchen verfügen zum Teil über die gleichen Rufe wie die Männchen, oft werden diese aber etwas höher und rauer, in der Regel auch weniger laut vorgetragen. Daneben sind ihnen aber Rufe eigen, die vor allem von ihnen geäußert werden. So ist das gellende Kuwitt des Waldkauzes häufig die Antwort des Weibchens auf den Reviergesang des Männchens (Stimmbeispiel: Waldkauz, Reviergesang). Neben diesen Hauptgesängen und Rufen gehören eine Reihe rauer und greller, kreischender Laute zum Stimmrepertoire dieser Käuze.  Schnabelknappen ist bei den meisten Vertretern dieser Gattung zu vernehmen.

Verbreitung

Käuze der Gattung Strix sind mit Ausnahme der Polargebiete, Madagaskars, und der Australis in allen Faunenregionen der Erde vertreten. In der Australis ist die von den Habitatansprüchen her ähnliche Gattung Ninox verbreitet.
Die größte Artenvielfalt der Gattung Strix besteht in Südostasien sowie in Mittel- und Südamerika. Im zentralen Europa kommt mit dem Waldkauz (Strix aluco) nur eine Art der Gattung vor. Dieser ist hier die häufigste Eulenart und besiedelt Europa mit Ausnahme Irlands und Islands beinahe flächendeckend. Nur in den nördlichen und östlichen, beziehungsweise äußerst südöstlichen Randgebieten Europas sind mit dem Habichtskauz (Strix uralensis), dem Bartkauz (Strix nebulosa) und äußerst selten mit dem Omankauz (Strix butleri) drei weitere Vertreter der Gattung verbreitet.

Die meisten Arten besiedeln relativ große, zusammenhängende Gebiete. Bis auf den Niaskauz (Strix niasensis) und den Bartelskauz (Strix bartelsi) sind keine Inselendemiten bekannt. Endemisch in den Bergwäldern von Sichuan kommt der große, dunkle Sichuankauz (Strix davidi) vor. Auch der Gilbkauz (Strix fulvescens) ist nur aus einem kleinen Gebiet Mittelamerikas bekannt. Das mit Abstand größte Verbreitungsgebiet hat der Bartkauz, der holarktisch in der gesamten borealen Zone vertreten ist.

Lebensräume

Alle Arten der Gattung Strix sind obligat an baumbestandene Habitate gebunden. Die meisten besiedeln offene, baumbestandene Landschaften; dichte Wälder werden oft gemieden oder nur dann als Lebensraum gewählt, wenn ausreichend Freiflächen für die Jagd zur Verfügung stehen. Einige Arten, wie etwa der Malaienkauz oder der Fleckenkauz, kommen auch in dichten Primärwäldern vor, und verlassen diese, wenn die Struktur durch Holzeinschlag zu stark verändert wird. Häufig liegen die Tageseinstände in dichteren Waldgebieten, während zur Jagd offenere Landschaften aufgesucht werden. Wüsten- und Steppenarten bevorzugen flussbegleitende Gehölze und Palmenhaine in Oasen, der Chaco-Waldkauz (Strix chacoensis) kommt im trockenen, mit großen Kakteen und kleinen Bäumen bestandenen Buschland vor. Neben ursprünglichen Habitaten können Käuze dieser Gattung auch stark anthropogen gestaltete Landschaftsstrukturen wie Parkanlagen, Friedhöfe, große Obstgärten oder Plantagen besiedeln. Einige Arten scheinen bevorzugt in der Nähe menschlicher Siedlungen zu brüten. Grundsätzlich ist neben dem ausreichenden Nahrungsangebot das Vorhandensein von Nistmöglichkeiten und Tageseinständen Voraussetzung für eine Revieretablierung.

Vertreter dieser Gattung kommen sowohl in Tieflandgebieten, in Küstenregionen als auch im noch spärlich baumbestandenen Hochgebirge nahe der Baumgrenze vor. Der Afrika-Waldkauz zum Beispiel brütet sowohl in Galeriewäldern auf Meeresniveau als auch in Bergnebelwäldern in Höhen über 3700 Metern. In ähnliche Höhen dringt auch eine Unterart des Waldkauzes, Strix a. biddulphi, in Kaschmir vor und in noch größeren Höhen wurden Brutplätze des Bergkauzes (Strix newarensis) und des Sichuankauzes festgestellt; letzterer soll bis in Höhen von 5000 Metern vorkommen.

Über die durchschnittlichen Reviergrößen lassen sich keine zusammenfassenden Angaben machen, dazu sind die Arten in ihren Lebensgewohnheiten, ihrer Größe und ihrer geographischen Verbreitung zu unterschiedlich.

Nahrung und Nahrungserwerb

Käuze dieser Gattung zählen nicht zu den Nahrungsspezialisten, sondern erbeuten mit gewissen Bevorzugungen nahezu alle Beutetiere, die sie überwältigen können. Kleine, dämmerungs- und nachtaktive Säugetiere überwiegen bei den meisten Arten jedoch. Dazu zählen Feldmäuse, Waldmäuse, Spitzmäuse, Ratten, Rötelmäuse, Lemminge, Hamster, Rennmäuse, Eichhörnchen und Flughörnchen sowie Fledermäuse. Die größten Säugetiere, die diese Eulen schlagen, sind junge Hasen, Kaninchen und Schneehasen. Bei kleineren, vor allem tropischen Arten, können Insekten, insbesondere große Käfer, Zikaden, Grillen und Heuschrecken den Nahrungshauptbestandteil ausmachen. Häufig gehören Vögel bis zur Tauben- und Haselhuhngröße ins Beuteschema; sie können in schneereichen Wintern, wenn Säugetiere unerreichbar werden, bei nördlichen Arten und Gebirgsarten zur Hauptbeute werden. Amphibien wie Frösche und Molche gehören ebenso zu den Beutetieren wie verschiedene Reptilien wie Geckos, Eidechsen und kleinere Schlangen. Bei einigen Arten spielen Fische eine nicht unwesentliche Rolle. Selten wurden Bartkäuze an Aas größerer Säugetiere beobachtet. Vor allem bei großem Nahrungsmangel werden Schnecken und Würmer sowie Spinnentiere gefressen. Die Nahrungszusammensetzung ist bei allen Arten, insbesondere aber jenen in gemäßigten und nördlichen Breiten lebenden, großen saisonalen Schwankungen unterworfen.

Beim besonders gut untersuchten Waldkauz setzten sich die Beutetieranteile etwa so zusammen: 73 Prozent Kleinsäuger (mindestens 45 verschiedene Arten); 14 Prozent Vögel (etwa 100 verschiedene Arten, hauptsächlich jedoch Sperlinge, Buchfinken und Grünfinken) und 13 Prozent Frösche und Kröten. Ein erwachsener, mittelgroßer Kauz wie etwa der Waldkauz benötigt pro Tag knapp 100 Gramm Nahrung. Ein nichtbrütendes Paar großer Eulen dieser Gattung, wie etwa des Habichtskauzes, benötigt pro Jahr über 100 Kilogramm an Nahrung.

Käuze dieser Gattung sind mehrheitlich nachtaktive Ansitzjäger, die aber auch andere Jagdtechniken beherrschen. Von einer einige Meter über dem Boden liegenden Warte aus überschaut der Vogel sein Jagdgebiet. Hat er ein Beutetier visuell oder akustisch geortet, lässt er sich gleitend fallen und schlägt das Tier in einem heftigen Aufprall auf dem Boden. Die Beute wird mit den spitzen Krallen oder durch einen Biss in den Nacken getötet. Kleinere Beutetiere werden mit den Zehen durchgeknetet und im Ganzen verschlungen, größere zerteilt. Das Großgefieder von Vögeln wird vor dem Verzehr oder vor der Verfütterung entfernt. Soweit bekannt, können die meisten Vertreter dieser Gattung Beutetiere rein akustisch orten und in absoluter Dunkelheit sicher ergreifen. Bartkäuzen ist es möglich, Kleinsäuger unter einer bis zu 50 Zentimeter hohen Schneedecke aufzuspüren und zu schlagen. Gelegentlich rütteln einige Vertreter von Strix über einem vermuteten Beutetier.

Neben dieser häufigsten Jagdmethode sieht man viele Strix-Arten in einem langsamen, bodennahen Suchflug jagen. Die dabei entstehenden Fluggeräusche sind durch die besondere Beschaffenheit und Struktur der Schwingen so gering, dass weder die potentiellen Beutetiere gewarnt werden, noch die jagende Eule bei der akustischen Ortung behindert wird. Schlägt ein Angriff fehl, wird das Beutetier nicht weiter verfolgt. Fledermäuse und schwärmende Insekten werden im Flug gegriffen. Eichhörnchen oder Flughörnchen vermögen einige dieser Eulen, wie zum Beispiel der gefährdete Fleckenkauz des westlichen Nordamerikas, direkt am Stamm oder auf Ästen zu schlagen. Vögel werden im Schlaf überrascht, vom Schlafast gestoßen und im Flug gefangen. Waldkäuze können sich in schneereichen Wintern so von der sonst überwiegenden Kleinsäugernahrung völlig unabhängig machen. Gelegentlich sieht man einzelne Strix-Käuze zu Fuß nach Beutetieren suchen.

Nahrungsdepots werden, soweit bekannt, nur von Käuzen angelegt, die Kältezonen bewohnen. Unverdauliche Nahrungsreste werden in charakteristischen Gewöllen ausgewürgt.

Verhalten
Soweit bekannt sind alle Vertreter dieser Gattung weitgehend nachtaktiv; nur während der Brutzeit wird die Aktivitätsperiode von einigen Arten in die Dämmerungsstunden ausgedehnt. Manchmal können vor allem Bartkauz, Habichtskauz und gelegentlich  Waldkauz an trüben Tagen jagend angetroffen werden. Den Tag verschlafen diese Käuze in guter Deckung, meist stammnah auf einem Ast sitzend. Häufig suchen sie  sonnenexponierte Stellen auf um sich zu wärmen. Viele Arten werden von Kleinvögeln und Krähen heftig gehasst.

Alle bisher näher untersuchten Arten sind ganzjährig territorial. Sie leben außerhalb der Brutzeit solitär oder in lockeren Paarbeziehungen; bei besonders guten Nahrungsbedingungen, zum Beispiel bei Massenvermehrungen von Lemmingen, kann die Territorialität vermindert sein. Üblicherweise jedoch dulden Vertreter der Strix außer eventuell den Partner keine Artgenossen im Revier. Auch andere Eulen werden nach Möglichkeit vertrieben. Einige Arten sind vor allem während der Brutzeit äußerst aggressiv und greifen auch Menschen, die dem Niststandort zu nahe kommen, vehement an.

Die Mehrzahl der Arten verbleibt das ganze Jahr über im Revier, das gilt insbesondere für alle in subtropischen und tropischen Regionen verbreiteten Arten. Arten, die Kältezonen bewohnen, sind meist bei sehr hoher Schneelage gezwungen abzuwandern; nordsibirische Vögel und jene Alaskas und Nordkanadas zeigen generell eine erhöhte Bereitschaft zu südwärts gerichteten Wanderungen. Bei einigen Vertretern der Art wird ein nomadisches Verhalten beobachtet. Bartkäuze können bei gutem Nahrungsangebot in Regionen erscheinen, in denen sie jahrzehntelang nicht vorkamen. Bei Jungvögeln ist die Mobilität generell größer als bei Altvögeln, doch sind die Dismigrationsentfernungen meist recht gering. In einer großen amerikanischen Studie wurden 158 beringte Streifenkäuze innerhalb eines Radius von 10 Kilometern vom Beringungsort wiedergefunden; andererseits sind auch große Wanderungen möglich: Ein in Neuschottland beringter Vogel derselben Art wurde ein Jahr später in über 1600 Kilometern Entfernung in Ontario wieder gefunden.

Brutbiologie
Von gut der Hälfte aller Käuze der Gattung Strix ist zur Brutbiologie fast nichts bekannt. Soweit Untersuchungen vorliegen, werden alle Arten am Ende ihres ersten Lebensjahres geschlechtsreif. Sie führen eine weitgehend monogame Saisonehe. Bei einigen erlischt die Paarbindung nach der Brutzeit nicht, sodass Wiederverpaarungen zur Regel gehören.
Die meisten Arten sind Höhlenbrüter, die natürliche Baumhöhlen, Spechthöhlen oder ausgefaulte Baum- oder Aststümpfe als Nistgelegenheit wählen. Aber auch Krähen- und Greifvogelnester sowie Eichhörnchenkobel werden genutzt, weiters kommen Gebäude-, Fels- und Bodenbruten vor. Einige Arten nehmen  Nistkästen an. Nistmaterial wird von keiner Art eingetragen.

Die meisten Arten scheinen nur einmal im Jahr zu brüten. Bei einigen tropischen Arten sind Zweitbruten wahrscheinlich. Vom amerikanischen Streifenkauz sind Zweit- und sogar Drittbruten bekannt. Die Gelegegröße ist stark vom Nahrungsangebot abhängig; sie schwankt zwischen einem und sechs meist reinweißen, rundovalen Eiern. Am häufigsten scheinen 2er- und 3er-Gelege vorzukommen. Bei sehr schlechtem Nahrungsangebot brüten diese Käuze nicht oder brechen die Brut ab. Die Eier der kleinen Arten messen etwa 42 × 36 Millimeter und wiegen etwa 30 Gramm, die der größten Arten messen bei einem Gewicht von etwa 50 Gramm ungefähr 57 × 46 Millimeter. Die Brutdauer liegt mit etwa 30 Tagen bei allen Arten relativ nahe beieinander. Es brütet nur das Weibchen. Nur einmal wurde beim Omankauz ein Männchen auf einem Gelege beobachtet. Während der Brutzeit und später während der ersten Wochen der Jungenaufzucht schafft allein das Männchen Nahrung heran. Bei vielen, aber nicht bei allen Arten verlassen die Jungen lange vor dem Flüggewerden als Ästlinge das Nest; ab diesem Zeitpunkt beteiligt sich  das Weibchen an der Nahrungssuche. Junge des kleinen Omankauzes sind nach etwa 40 Tagen flügge, die des Waldkauzes benötigen sieben Wochen bis zur Erlangung der vollen Flugfähigkeit. Im Gegensatz dazu sind die Jungen des bedeutend größeren Bartkauzes schon mit etwa 42 Tagen gut flugfähig. Die Führungszeit, in der die schon flüggen Jungvögel weiter von den Altvögeln betreut werden, dauert unterschiedlich lang. Die tropischen Arten scheinen am schnellsten selbstständig zu werden; bei den großen borealen Eulen und einigen Hochgebirgsarten dauert sie über zwei Monate. Der kleine Mexico-Sprenkelkauz führt seinen Nachwuchs bis zu drei Monate.

Lebenserwartung
Zur Lebenserwartung liegen von den meisten Vertretern der Gattung keine Daten vor. Die vorhandenen Daten lassen aber erkennen, dass Käuze der Gattung Strix verhältnismäßig alt werden können. Allerdings überlebt ein hoher Prozentsatz der Jungvögel das erste Lebensjahr nicht. Der älteste wildlebende Bartkauz war bei seinem Tod 17 Jahre alt, vom Waldkauz ist ein Höchstalter um die 19 Jahre bekannt. Ähnliche Angaben liegen vom Streifenkauz und vom Fleckenkauz vor. In Gefangenschaft wurde ein Bartkauz über 27 Jahre alt.

Systematik
Strix bildet eine morphologisch, verhaltensbiologisch und soweit bekannt auch genetisch relativ gut von anderen Genera der Strigidae abgrenzbare monophyletische Gattung innerhalb der Unterfamilie der Striginae. Zusammen mit den monotypischen Gattungen Jubula und Lophostrix und der vier Arten umfassenden Gattung Pulsatrix bilden sie zurzeit die Tribus Strigini. Ob allerdings die drei zuletzt genannten Gattungen tatsächlich gemeinsam mit Strix in einer Tribus zu vereinigen sind, erscheint nach letzten DNA-Befunden zumindest fraglich.

König & Weick unterscheiden zurzeit 24 Arten. In der letzten Ausgabe der AOU-Checklist werden 20 Arten geführt. Die Unterschiede ergeben sich dadurch, dass die AOU die bei König & Weick als Arten geführten S. niasensis, S. bartelsi und S. newarensis als Unterarten des Malaienkauzes, Strix leptogrammica, listet, und der Mexico-Sprenkelkauz (Strix squamulata) als Unterart des Südamerika-Sprenkelkauzes (Strix virgata) zählt. Zusätzlich haben König & Weick vier südamerikanische Arten der Gattung Ciccaba der Gattung Strix zugeordnet.

In der Artenliste des HBW scheinen 16 Arten auf. Die vier bei König & Weick aus dem Malaienkauz-Komplex in Artrang gestellten Taxa werden als Unterarten von Strix leptogrammica betrachtet und die von König & Weick nach Strix gestellte Gattung Ciccaba erscheint wieder als eigenständige Gattung mit vier Arten.

Bestand und Gefährdung
Laut IUCN, die nur 18 Arten listet, sind mit Strix hylophila und Strix occidentalis nur zwei Arten auf der Vorwarnstufe. König & Weick sehen Gefährdungspotential für eine Reihe anderer Arten. Die größte Bedrohung scheint für eine Reihe von Arten durch die mancherorts völlig unkontrolliert fortschreitende Abholzung der Lebensräume zu bestehen. In Nordamerika kann sich dadurch zwar der Streifenkauz westwärts ausbreiten, verdrängt aber zunehmend den Fleckenkauz, der an dichte Waldabschnitte gebunden ist.

Über einige der Arten ist bislang sehr wenig bekannt, sodass eine zuverlässige Bestandseinschätzung nicht möglich ist.

Literatur
 Urs N. Glutz von Blotzheim (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Vögel Mitteleuropas. Band 9: Columbiformes – Piciformes. 2. Auflage. Aula-Verlag, Wiesbaden 1994, ISBN 3-89104-562-X.
 James R. Duncan: Owls of the World. Firefly Books, Buffalo 2003, ISBN 1-55297-845-1.
 Jochen Hölzinger, Ulrich Mahler: Die Vögel Baden-Württembergs. Nichtsingvögel. Band 3, Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3908-1.
 Claus König, Friedhelm Weick: Owls of the World. Christopher Helm, London 2008, ISBN 978-0-7136-6548-2.
 Theodor Mebs: Eulen und Käuze. Kosmos, Stuttgart 1987, ISBN 3-440-05708-9.

Einzelnachweise
Zootaxa 3904 (1), S. 28–50 (5. Jan. 2015)

Weblinks

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Sister Judith Ann Kenrick, RSM, 72
Catholic Courier | 07.16.2010
Section: Obituaries
Sister of Mercy Judith Ann Kenrick (formerly Sister Karen) died Aug. 21, 2009. She was 72.
Sister Kenrick entered the congregation in 1955 from Immaculate Conception Church in Ithaca, professing her perpetual vows on Aug. 16, 1958. She served as a pastoral associate for Our Lady of Lourdes Church in Brighton from 1984-94, and at St. Louis Church in Pittsford from 1995-2009. She also has worked as a teacher, principal, guidance counselor and parish administrator in Elmira and Rochester schools and parishes.
She is survived by her brothers, Dr. James (Mary) and Joseph (Cary) Kenrick; Sister Jane Kenrick, RSM; brother-in-law, Justus Otto; many nieces and nephews; and her sisters in the congregation.
Sister Kenrick's funeral liturgy was held at Mercy Center in Brighton, and her memorial Mass was celebrated at St. Louis Church, with burial in Calvary Cemetery in Ithaca.
Memorial contributions may be sent to the Sisters of Mercy, 1437 Blossom Road, Rochester 14610.


text:
What can young people do?
In 1971 the U.S. ratified the 26th Amendment to the Constitution that lowered the voting age to 18, but how did we get there?
MUSEUM OF HIST & INDUSTRY, SEATTLE
Jennings Randolph first introduced a bill to lower the voting age in 1942. "[Young people] possess a great social conscience, are perplexed by the injustices in the world, and are anxious to rectify those ills."
During World War II, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt lowered the military draft age to 18 – meaning that some Americans could serve in the military but not be able to vote.
President Eisenhower endorsed the idea in his 1954 State of the Union address. "For years our citizens between the ages of 18 and 21 have, in time of peril, been summoned to fight for America."
YROL5
In the mid-to late-1960s, the United States ramped up its engagement in Vietnam. Hundreds of thousands of soldiers were drafted and sent off to war, many of whom were too young to vote.
25,000 Americans under the age of 20 died in Vietnam, popularizing the phrase "Old enough to fight, old enough to vote."
Young Americans started a grassroots movement around the country to pressure states into reducing the voting age, but only four states had done so, and only two of those reduced it to 18.
Young Americans were heavily involved in the social and political movements of the 1960s. They also supported insurgent political candidates who advocated for change.
The 1960s was a time of extreme social and political upheaval in the United States, and young Americans made sure to exercise their rights of protest to the fullest. Youth were heavily involved in the social movements of that era, starting in the first half of the decade with the Civil Rights movement and the voting rights movement that followed.
Young Americans lent their voices and pressured the government to pass both the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
In the second half of the decade, the Vietnam War dominated the political landscape for youth in America. Hundreds of thousands of youth were sent off to fight and die in a war many didn't believe in. The median age of someone killed in the Vietnam War was 23 years old. Students took to the streets to protest against the war and the draft. They burned their draft cards or dodged the draft entirely.
In the midst of the Vietnam protests, students looked to leaders advocating change in American policy, both on the war and on social issues back home. In 1968, two candidates garnered the majority of youth support, Eugene McCarthy and Robert Kennedy.
In response to widespread youth activism, Congress undertook a serious effort to lower the voting age. This effort was spear-headed in part by Senator Ted Kennedy (D-MA).
SEATTLE MUNICIPLE ARCHIVES
"A society that imposes the extraordinary burden of war and death on its youth should also grant the benefit of full citizen-ship and representation, especially in sensitive and basic areas like the right to vote." - Ted Kennedy
MANHHAI
In 1970, Congress amended the Voting Rights Act of 1965, extending suffrage to everyone in the US between the ages of 18-20.
ITZAVU
Later that year, however, the Supreme Court determined the newly passed law partially unconstitutional. They ruled it only allowed 18-20 year olds to vote in federal elections, but not state and local ones.
JOE RAVI
Oregon v. Mitchell was the case in which the Supreme Court decided the amendment to the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was partially unconstitutional.
In a 5-4 decision, Justice Hugo Black opined for the majority, stating that Congress had the power to lower the voting age in federal elections. However, Justice Black also stated that lowering the voting age for state and local elections was beyond congressional purview.
Because of this ruling, Congress needed to pass a constitutional amendment in order to lower the voting age for all elections.
After the court decision, Congress overwhelmingly passed a constitutional amendment to lower the age nationwide for all elections. It was ratified after 101 days, the shortest ratification in history!
Bipartisanpolicy.org published a 45 year retrospective on the 26th amendment in 2016.
Senator Ted Kennedy was a key proponent of lowering the voting age, and you can read his testimony to Congress here.
Oyez is an online database at Illinois Institute of Technology's Chicago-Kent College of Law that is dedicated to compiling audio recordings of all Supreme Court oral arguments since 1955. Furthermore, it offers breakdowns and analyses of various rulings the court has issued over the years. Here is their analysis of Oregon v. Mitchell.
PBS published a brief overview of the anti-Vietnam War movement and the backlash to the movement.
The International Center on Nonviolent Conflict has a more in-depth summary of the anti-war movement.
The Smithsonian's African American History Museum is conducting an oral history project called the Civil Rights History Project. It has countless interviews of people that made contributions to the Civil Rights movement.
For further reading about the protests and campaigns of the era, American Maelstrom: The 1968 Election and the Politics of Division by Michael A. Cohen is a comprehensive read of one of the most significant years in American history, and shows part of how young people strove to make changes in American society.


text:
Russia to expand wheat exports to Asia on higher production
According to the USDA, wheat production in Russia will increase to 77.5 million metric tonnes.
Russia, the world's largest exporter of wheat, is about to expand its market for grain in the fast-growing Asian economies, which normally import their grain requirements from other parts of the world.
Russia is poised to grab more share in markets of Indonesia, China and Japan as drought conditions in countries like Australia, Canada and the US are eroding the wheat production. These countries are the dominant exporters of wheat to Asian countries, accounting for around one-third of the global imports.
While wheat shipments from Russia were estimated to surpass those of any other nations, very little is usually shipped to Asia, where wheat imports have nearly doubled in last 10 years as rising incomes pushed up demand for bread, noodles and cakes.
However, in the current season, wheat production in Australia will drop the most in a decade, Canada's production will decline for the third time in the last four years and farmers in the US will have their lowest yield since 2002.
According to the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), wheat production in Russia will increase to 77.5 million metric tonnes, more than the domestic consumption by the broadest margin on record.
For decades, the US had been the top wheat exporter in the world, but was replaced by Russia in 2015-16 again taking the position last season.
As per the USDA estimates, Russia will again take the top place in the marketing season that started on July 1, with exports surging 13% compared to a year ago to 31.5 million tonnes, nearly three-fold as compared to 2012-13.
Russian shipments of wheat to south, east and Southeast Asia jumped 60% to 3 million tonnes in 2016-17, according to the consulting agency UkrAgroConsult. However, this is still make up for just 5% of the region's overall imports.
On the other hand, Australia, Canada and the US shipped almost all of wheat imports of Japan in the last few years and around three-fourth of Indonesia's wheat purchases of 10 million tonnes in the last season, as per the USDA.
China purchased around a third of its wheat imports from the US.
Wheat exports
The Dollar Business Bureau - Sep 01, 2017 12:00 IST
Govt imposes ADD on imports of glassware from China, Indonesia
The anti-dumping duty imposed shall be effective for a period of five years.
Vietnam President invites Indian businesses to invest in his country
India has actively supported Vietnam in training, capacity building, defence technology ..
DGAD recommends anti-dumping duty on resorcinol imports from China, Japan
The application for initiation of anti-dumping investigation has been filed by M/s Atul ..
India's maritime industry has a huge potential: Indonesian Envoy
There exist boundless untapped trading opportunities between India and Indonesia, said the..


Joint Exercise Brings Army Medals to Airmen: Three airmen from Pope AFB, N.C., received Army Commendation Medals for their work during the last Joint Forcible Entry Exercise, the largest in seven years, said Army officials. The airmen are: TSgt. Joe Thornton, 3rd Aerial Port Squadron; SSgt. Marc Tucker, 43rd Operations Group; and SrA. Michael Duque, 43rd Logistics Readiness Squadron.


text:
Segunda División Femenina livescores, results, table and standings
Supercopa de Catalunya
División de Honor Juvenil
Liga Nacional Juvenil
Copa del Rey Juvenil
Primera Nacional Femenina
Supercopa Femenina
Copa Catalunya Femenina
Segunda División Femenina (2020/2021)
Spain : Segunda División Femenina
Matchday 10 (North)
Postponed POST
Madrid II
Atlético Madrid II
Pozuelo Alarcón
Matchday 10 (South)
Pozoalbense
Athletic Club II
Espanyol II
Parquesol
Barcelona II
Femarguín
Collerense
UDG Tenerife Sur II
Real Unión de Tenerife
Valencia II
Alhama
Matchday 7 (South)
1 Pozoalbense
10 8 0 2 18:6 +12 W L W W W
9 5 3 1 15:11 +4 L W D D W
10 5 1 4 12:11 +1 W D L W W
8 4 1 3 12:13 -1 L W W L W
5 UDG Tenerife Sur II
10 3 3 4 11:12 -1 W W L L W
6 Málaga
10 2 3 5 15:18 -3 W D D L L
7 La Solana
9 2 2 5 10:14 -4 L L D L D
8 Juan Grande
10 1 3 6 7:15 -8 L L D D L
Promotion Group
Relegation Round
1 Villarreal
10 9 0 1 23:6 +17 W W W W W
2 Real Unión de Tenerife
10 7 1 2 14:5 +9 W W L W W
3 Albacete
9 4 4 1 14:8 +6 W D W L W
4 Alhama
10 4 2 4 12:11 +1 D L L W D
5 Aldaia
9 3 2 4 12:15 -3 W L W L D
6 Almassora
9 3 1 5 11:14 -3 L W L W L
7 Valencia II
10 3 1 6 7:19 -12 L W L L D
8 Levante II
10 2 2 6 10:18 -8 D L D W L
9 Femarguín
9 1 1 7 5:12 -7 L L L D L
1 (1) Pozoalbense
5 3 0 2 6:4 +2 L W W W L
2 (2) Granada
4 2 1 1 7:6 +1 L D W W
3 (3) Córdoba
5 2 1 2 4:4 0 D W L W L
4 (5) UDG Tenerife Sur II
5 2 1 2 6:7 -1 W L W D L
5 (4) Cáceres
5 2 1 2 10:12 -2 L W W D L
6 (8) Juan Grande
5 1 2 2 2:2 0 L D W L D
7 (6) Málaga
5 1 1 3 7:8 -1 D L L L W
8 (7) La Solana
4 0 1 3 6:9 -3 L L D L
1 (2) Real Unión de Tenerife
6 6 0 0 11:2 +9 W W W W W
2 (1) Villarreal
5 5 0 0 12:0 +12 W W W W W
3 (3) Albacete
5 3 1 1 10:5 +5 W W L D W
4 (6) Almassora
4 3 1 0 9:4 +5 W W W D
5 (4) Alhama
4 3 0 1 5:4 +1 W W L W
6 (5) Aldaia
4 2 2 0 7:4 +3 W W D D
7 (7) Valencia II
5 2 1 2 2:6 -4 W D W L L
8 (8) Levante II
6 1 2 3 6:10 -4 D L D L W
9 (9) Femarguín
4 1 0 3 5:6 -1 L L W L
5 3 2 0 8:5 +3 W D W D W
5 3 0 2 8:7 +1 W L W L W
5 2 1 2 4:5 -1 D L W W L
3 2 0 1 2:1 +1 W L W
5 1 2 2 5:5 0 W L D L D
5 1 2 2 8:10 -2 W D L D L
5 0 1 4 5:13 -8 L D L L L
5 4 0 1 11:6 +5 W W L W W
4 1 3 0 4:3 +1 D W D D
6 1 2 3 7:7 0 D L L D W
4 1 1 2 3:3 0 L W D L
4 1 0 3 4:8 -4 W L L L
5 1 0 4 5:11 -6 L L L L W
5 1 0 4 5:13 -8 L L L W L
5 0 1 4 0:6 -6 L L D L L
5 0 0 5 2:10 -8 L L L L L
1 Real Oviedo
10 6 2 2 18:7 +11 D W W W W
2 Racing Santander
9 4 4 1 17:8 +9 W W D L D
3 Atlético Madrid II
8 4 3 1 11:7 +4 W D D L D
4 Madrid II
7 3 2 2 9:9 0 L W D W D
5 Parquesol
7 3 1 3 10:12 -2 L W W L D
6 Sporting Gijón
8 1 5 2 13:15 -2 D L W L D
7 Friol
9 1 2 6 6:17 -11 L L L D W
8 Pozuelo Alarcón
1 Deportivo Alavés
10 7 1 2 22:8 +14 W W W L W
2 Barcelona II
11 5 4 2 22:11 +11 L W D D W
3 Seagull
9 6 1 2 19:13 +6 D W W L W
10 4 4 2 12:8 +4 W D D W L
5 AEM
9 4 3 2 17:8 +9 D W W W L
9 4 3 2 18:12 +6 W L W D W
7 Athletic Club II
10 4 2 4 18:12 +6 W W W L L
8 Espanyol II
11 1 1 9 7:40 -33 L L L L W
9 Collerense
11 0 1 10 8:31 -23 L L L L L
1 (1) Real Oviedo
5 4 1 0 12:2 +10 D W W W W
2 (4) Madrid II
3 3 0 0 6:0 +6 W W W
3 (2) Racing Santander
4 2 1 1 6:2 +4 W L D W
4 (3) Atlético Madrid II
4 1 3 0 6:5 +1 D D D W
5 (5) Parquesol
5 2 0 3 6:10 -4 L W L W L
6 (6) Sporting Gijón
3 1 2 0 6:4 +2 W D D
7 (7) Friol
5 0 2 3 3:7 -4 L D L L D
8 (8) Pozuelo Alarcón
4 0 1 3 6:11 -5 L L L D
1 (1) Deportivo Alavés
2 (4) Zaragoza
6 3 2 1 6:2 +4 W D W L W
3 (3) Seagull
5 3 1 1 13:5 +8 D W L W W
4 (2) Barcelona II
5 2 2 1 12:6 +6 L D W D W
5 (5) AEM
4 2 1 1 9:4 +5 W W L D
6 (7) Athletic Club II
6 2 1 3 11:9 +2 W W L L D
7 (6) Osasuna
4 1 2 1 5:6 -1 L D W D
8 (8) Espanyol II
5 1 0 4 5:14 -9 L L W L L
9 (9) Collerense
5 0 1 4 5:16 -11 L L L D L
5 2 3 0 11:6 +5 W D D W D
4 3 0 1 5:2 +3 W L W W
5 2 1 2 6:5 +1 W W D L L
5 0 3 2 7:11 -4 D L L D D
4 1 0 3 3:10 -7 L L W L
4 0 2 2 3:9 -6 L D D L
6 3 2 1 10:5 +5 W D W W D
5 3 1 1 13:6 +7 W W W L D
4 3 0 1 6:8 -2 W W L W
5 2 2 1 8:4 +4 D W L D W
4 1 2 1 6:6 0 D L W D
6 0 1 5 2:26 -24 L L L L L
You're on the summary section of Segunda División Femenina 2020/2021 football season. This competition is part of the Spain football structure. Here you can find today's live scores (all matches are updated in real-time), latest results, next soccer games, standings and tables of the season. Browsing the competition menu at the top of this page you can see more detailed information about results, scores, fixtures and standings. You have at your disposal also the Segunda División Femenina (Spain) soccer archive. If you're looking for other soccer leagues (First Division, Second Division, Third Division, Cup or Supercup) you can use our main menu. We have +2000 football competitions here at FastScore.com.


text:
von Larry Tremblay
An existential thriller that philosophically explores the purity of love. Russian-doll narrative, with self-referential loops and reflections on the literary medium.
Titel: Impurity
Autor/en: Larry Tremblay
Übersetzt von Sheila Fischman
TALONBOOKS
19. Mai 2020 - kartoniert - 160 Seiten
Born in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, Sheila Fischman was raised in Ontario and is a graduate of the University of Toronto. She is a founding member of the Literary Translators' Association of Canada and has also been a columnist for the Globe and Mail and Montreal Gazette, a broadcaster with CBC Radio, and literary editor of the Montreal Star. She now devotes herself full time to literary translation, specializing in contemporary Québec fiction, and has translated more than 125 Québec novels by, among others, Michel Tremblay, Jacques Poulin, Anne Hébert, François Gravel, Marie-Claire Blais, and Roch Carrier.
Sheila Fischman has received numerous honours, including the 1998 Governor General's Award (for her translation of Michel Tremblay's Bambi and Me, for Talonbooks); she has been a finalist fourteen times for this award. She has received two Canada Council Translation Prizes and two Félix-Antoine Savard Awards from Columbia University. In 2000, she was invested into the Order of Canada and, in 2008, into the Ordre national du Québec, and, in 2008, she received the Canada Council for the Arts Molson Prize for her outstanding contributions to Canadian literature. She holds honorary doctorates from the Universities of Ottawa and Waterloo. Fischman currently resides in Montréal.
Schreiben Sie eine Bewertung für: Impurity
Fiction - General FICTION / LITERARY FICTION / Thrillers / Psychological Fiction / Fantasy / Contemporary


text:
Q: How to list files from a directory on a HTML page using only pure Javascript code I'm currently working on a small offline HTML app. I want to know if there is a way to list the files from a directory on an HTML page only by using Javascript. I've heard it is not possible due to some security risks. What do you guys think about?
If using Javascript is indeed not possible, then what would be the easiest way to do that? I know there would be some Nodejs involved. Or perhaps jquery. Some code would be also helpful.
Thanks in advance!

A: Base Javascript is executed in the browser. By design browsers don't have access to your operating system. If you really want to use Javascript you need to use Node.js. This tutorial may help you out. But I think your best bet is going to be to Google around and learn Node. I think it's going to be difficult find anyone on here to give you code to do what you need. But I may be wrong.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I was beginning to wonder if I had made a mistake, spending the evening glassing a field instead of hunkered down in a pit blind overlooking a waterhole deep in the Alberta bush. However, when Harvey's guide had come in the evening before, all excited at having glassed two 150-class bucks in the alfalfa field, I figured scouting there would be a better bet. Scouting is rarely time wasted. Hunting with bow and arrow requires precise stand location.
After I spent the morning in a lofty perch watching does and small bucks amble by, Harvey drove me to the alfalfa field so I could scope it out. According to the guide, a dozen does and the two bucks had come out of the far corner of the field just before dark.
Does and fawns started filtering out of the thick bush in the corner cul-de-sac an hour before dark. Finally, the two big boys eased out of the brush and spent five minutes warily eying the open field before feeding slowly along a brushy edge.
By the time they moved into the open, it was fully dark.
The following day, after another futile morning hunt, a hearty Canadian breakfast, and a cat nap, Harv and I drove back to the field at midday and spent a couple of hours digging a pit blind back in the brush along the route the bucks had taken the previous evening. Deer could emerge from dense bush anywhere along that quarter-mile field, but every deer the guide and I had seen had moved out of the back corner and fed close to the edge until almost dark before moving out into the alfalfa.
While hunting that evening, I was drenched by a cloudburst, watched a doe come within a few steps of blowing my ambush, and arrowed a 150-class 10-pointer at 30 yards.
The buck came out of the corner with his equally large companion and followed the same route as the previous evening. This only reinforced my conviction that scouting during the season and hunting field corners are both very good ideas.
It took a couple years on one of our Iowa leases to finally get me locked onto this thinking. The first couple of years we held the lease, I considered a corner in the upper end of a harvested cornfield as a potential stand location. I glassed the field from a knoll at the lower end, where I had a good view up the valley. I observed countless deer crossing from the timber on one side of the field to the other, often pausing to feed out in the field.
There was a lower corner, too, but it was less than 200 yards from a dirt road and visible from several places along that road. I talked myself into believing that a trophy buck wouldn't use that corner until after dark, as even light traffic (minimal at best) made it a nocturnal-only crossing.
Then, the third year I had the lease, the farmer planted soybeans in the field, and when he harvested with a larger combine, he discovered it wouldn't get into the tight confines of this near corner.
So, he left a couple of small patches of unharvested beans.
While glassing the field, he'd watched a monstrous buck feeding in the small bean patch. Rudy, a knowledgeable whitetail judge, guessed the buck, which sported at lease a dozen points and a 10-inch drop tine, would score in the high 180s.
The next evening, Mike Kraetsch, my son-in-law, glassed the same buck in the same corner. Road or no road, the following evening I had a hunter in position, downwind and waiting for a chance at the big buck.
Frigid weather and bare ground brought the deer out early to scarf up the remaining beans. Several does, their fawns and a couple of smaller bucks were busily feeding in the corner, gradually moving out into the field, when the big boy finally stepped out.
He took his time moving along the edge, hanging close to escape cover, all the while approaching my hyped but disciplined hunter, who had set a limit of 125 yards for his 12-gauge slug gun.
The big buck was still out of that range when another buck, a mature 10-point, appeared on a grassy slope just above the hunter and paused to observe the bigger deer down in the corner. A firm believer that a deer in range is better than one out of range, the hunter took the standing broadside shot. The buck run across the field and then piled up about where the even bigger buck had been standing. This 154-inch buck had actually crossed the road coming to the corner. So much for the road impeding daytime deer traffic.
The following year, we took a 164 buck from that stand. The next year, a 130 buck fell on a morning hunt, and a monster 184 fell later that afternoon. Not bad for a corner I had spent two years overlooking, thinking it wouldn't be worth hunting.
It's easy to pick out likely corners in a hunting area by studying the free aerial maps online at www.googleearth.com. With a year's subscription, you can go to www.mytopo.com and download as many U.S.G.S maps and aerial photos as you want. Pick out likely corners, and then go in on foot to check it out.
Deer, especially mature bucks, like to stick close to cover and feel more secure in field corners or cul-de-sacs with nearby escape routes. They hang back until almost dark before moving out into the field.
Some corners are especially attractive, for reasons known only to the deer, and the same attraction pulls them there in the mornings, when they are finishing up their feeding. As it gets light, they start filtering toward the corner, even though they may be passing dense brush along the way. Eventually, they exit the field at the corner. In the evening, the opposite occurs. The deer move out at the corner and then meander down the edge.
As an outfitter, I rely on food plots to get my clients on nice deer, and I often locate a plot to take advantage of the whitetail's affinity for these corners. Plots located in small corners and cul-de-sacs surrounded by dense timber are immensely more effective.
I planted one plot that measured 600 yards by 22 yards (food plots on property enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program are limited to 22 yards width, but there is no limit on length). The plot was out 30 yards from heavy timber with open CRP on the other side. Both ends of the plot purposely ended at field corners.	I spent hundreds of hours glassing that field, and on a number of occasions, I counted more than 100 deer in the food plot and the CRP. I would guess that 80 percent of those deer entered through one of the two corners. Far more deer moved through the south corner, because of the way the surrounding timber laid out. An aerial view of the property and surrounding area clearly showed why the deer preferred this travel route, coming and going from surrounding cropland.
Two years ago, the owner took the field out of the CRP. This year, the whole 521 acres was planted in corn. Yet deer continue to use those corners as readily as when I had a food plot there.
I have taken several Pope & Young bucks out of a 20-foot ladder stand in the south corner. This past fall, a client in a ground blind took a monstrous 198 buck that first appeared in the far corner and then moved down the field to within muzzleloader range.
Several years ago, I hunted a large farm just off the Missouri River that included timbered ridges and slopes with open meadows and food plots on top. The owner only allowed buck hunting with bows. But during gun season, he did allow friends to rifle hunt for does, to thin the overpopulation a bit.
Because I was advising him on management issues, he agreed to let me hunt bucks with a muzzleloader.
I spent five fruitless days in the food plots, ridgetop crossings and open fields without seeing a shootable buck. The big bucks were super wary after being bowhunted, and the fact that there were gun hunters on the property only made them more cautious and nocturnal.
I finally took the time to really study an aerial photo of the property and located a small open field bordered by a timbered slope above a dry creek bed. The other side was a dense thicket of cedar. The owner said no one ever hunted there because it was such a small area. Perfect.
It was hot and dry the following early afternoon as I set up in the shade of a brush clump on the downwind side, 100 yards out from the corner. I propped my .50 muzzleloader on shooting sticks, ready for action. At 4 o'clock, I caught movement in the cedars and had barely gotten my paperback book tucked under my leg when a doe stepped out at the corner, scanned the opening briefly, and then bounded across and into the timber on the other side. Needless to say, I was primed and pointed when the 10-pointer stepped out behind her.
This coming season, I plan to hunt whitetails in three states, providing I can draw the nonresident licenses. And you can bet that long before any hunt, I will be studying aerial photos and maps, looking for corners to check out when I get on the ground. I believe there's no better way to increase your chances of taking a trophy buck than by getting it cornered.


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Francis Mizio (né le  à Melun), ancien journaliste notamment au quotidien Libération, est un écrivain français, plus particulièrement « spécialisé » sans que cela soit systématique, dans l'humour noir burlesque ou caustique, la satire, le pamphlet, quel que soit le genre littéraire, quoiqu'il soit classé souvent en polar, roman noir ou en SF. Il est également critique, chroniqueur, journaliste, nouvelliste, auteur de théâtre, auteur jeunesse (livres documentaires), scénariste (BD), anthologiste, etc.

Depuis quelques années il est également formateur en écriture journalistique et multimédia, et en stylistique journalistique ou littéraire. Il anime de nombreux ateliers d'écriture pour des médiathèques, écoles, organismes de formation, associations, universités ou enfin à titre personnel.

Certains de ses ouvrages ont été traduits dans une quinzaine de langues.

Biographie
Avant d'entamer sa carrière d'auteur, il a exercé nombre de métiers alimentaires. Il fut par la suite journaliste d'entreprise pour une grande banque, maquettiste PAO à Télérama, pigiste au Nouvel Observateur, puis à Libération à la rubrique Multimédia, au début de l'ère Internet en France. De même, il a participé activement à la célèbre revue Univers Interactif dirigé par Ariel Wizman.

C'est en 1998 qu'il décide de se consacrer à l'écriture, gagnant sa vie grâce à des activités littéraires (romans, nouvelles) ou paralittéraires (ateliers d'écriture en centres sociaux, prisons, établissements scolaires ; concepts de dessins animés ; chroniques ; humeurs ; billets ; BD pour enfants ; théâtre burlesque, dialogues, scénarios de cinéma...). Il déclare renoncer définitivement à l'écriture en 2002, et s'en exprime dans son récit d'autofiction Buffet à volonté (Éd. Par hasard 2003) ainsi que dans divers entretiens dans la presse et sur le Web.

Francis Mizio a tenu quelque temps un blog satirique sur le site d'informations Rue89, intitulé Le Système gesticulatoire et une chronique hebdomadaire humoristique Vis Comica sur le site littéraire du Nouvel Observateur, le Bibliobs.

Après un passage dans une administration ministérielle (de 2003 à 2008), épisode caricaturé dans son roman D'un point de vue administratif (Baleine/La Martinière 2008), il a repris ses activités d'auteur pour se consacrer entre autres à des livres humoristiques "concepts", du scénario audiovisuel, du théâtre, du documentaire, de l'animation d'ateliers d'écriture, des interventions en milieu socio-culturel, et la conception de spectacles, pièces de théâtre et animations diverses.

Installé à Nantes en juillet 2010, il s'est adonné alors également à des formes "live" d'animations liées à l'écrit, l'image et la littérature. Entre autres animations personnelles, il a donné plusieurs conférences humoristiques sur Enio Morricone avec le groupe de jazz "Lulu La Nantaise" et avec Lalie Walker, écrivain, a déclaré l'indépendance de l'Ile de Nantes le 28 septembre 2011, comme point de départ d'un atelier de réécriture imaginaire de l'histoire ouvert à tous sous forme de scène ouverte qui a duré 2 ans. Il a été chroniqueur humoristique et journaliste pour le magazine Terri(s)toires de 2010 à la disparition de celui-ci en 2015. Enfin, il a été intervenant à l'Université au département InfoCom (en master InfoCom de 2010 à 2014) et enseignant permanent de 2014 à 2020 au département Info&Com de l'IUT de La Roche-sur-Yon (Université de Nantes).

Francis Mizio demeure depuis 2015 dans le vignoble nantais où il est formateur et animateur d'ateliers d'écriture indépendant (site d'atelier d'écriture en ligne "Écrire en ligne.net" notamment), et intervenant à l'École de Design Nantes Atlantique (storytelling, slidologie...), entre autres activités (écriture, réalisation de podcasts "Le Documenteur" ; "Mais de quoi tu me parles"...).

Engagement politique

En 2012, il soutient Jean-Luc Mélenchon, candidat du Front de gauche à l'élection présidentielle.

Œuvres

Romans
La Santé par les plantes (Éditions La loupiote en 1997, Éditions Gallimard, , 1999 -épuisé. Rééd.  revue, Éditions Après la Lune, nov. 2010. Edition poche ActuSF, collection Hélios noir, 2015)
La Vie ultra-moderne (Éditions Baleine en 1998, Coll. Macno)
L'agence Tous-Tafs (Flammarion, 1999, J'ai Lu 2003 -épuisé)
Tout ce qui tombe du ciel (Mango, 1999 -épuisé. Réédition réécrite en 2011 en ebook. Réédition réécrite Edition poche ActuSF, collection Hélios noir, 2017)
Domo Dingo (J'ai Lu, 2000 -épuisé)
Twist Tropique (Baleine grand format en 2001, Le Seuil, coll. Point Virgule 2003 -épuisé en version Seuil)
Buffet à volonté (Par hasard, 2003 -épuisé)
Pizza sur la touffe (Suite noire n° 16 - Éditions La Branche, 2007)
Sans temps de latitude (Éditions Baleine,  - La Martinière, 2007)
D'un point de vue administratif (Éditions Baleine - La Martinière, 2008)
Au lourd délire des lianes (Éditions Le Niveau Baisse, 2022)

E.books
Nuit Câline (Ed. Sycomor, Ebook Mobipocket, 2001)
La Psy bien fidèle (Ed. Robert ne veut pas lire, Montréal, 2008)
Tout ce qui tombe du ciel (Le Gaulois Nomade, 2011. Réédition réécrite sur Kindle Amazon)
La Santé par les plantes (édition revue et corrigée pour la réédition en ebook. Ed. Multivers, 2014)

Nouvelles (recueils) ou novellas
Le Pape de l'art pauvre (Ed. La loupiote, 1996 -épuisé)
La Cosmogonie Macroqa (avec Olivier Balez, Éditions Treize Etrange, 1998 -épuisé)
Un quart d'heure pas plus (Librio Noir, 1998, -épuisé)
Les hommes préfèrent les sondes (Ed. Baleine, coll. "Série Grise", 2000)
Voir le bug et frémir (livre d'artiste de Jean-Paul Riuz, Éditions Jean-Paul Riuz, 2002)
La Vie point barre (Manuscrit.com, 2003, -épuisé)
Arrêtez d'arrêter (Atelier In8 Éditions, 2008)
On ne tire pas sur une ambulance (Atelier In8 Éditions, 2010)
Alfonso Vermot y Carambar (avec Jean-Bernard Pouy ; Jean-Paul Rocher éditeur, 2010)

Bandes dessinées
Pieuvre à la Pouy (avec Florence Cestac. Éditions six pieds sous terre, 2004

Recueils de chroniques, essais humoristiques, pastiches, parodies
Mamie au mulot (chroniques parues dans Libération, Seuil, coll. Point Virgule, 2001 -épuisé)
Comment les araignées d'eau donnent un sens à l'existence et pourquoi il faut répandre la Contemplation Gerritique™©® pour sauver le monde (AdK éditeur, 2007).
Le Livre à lire aux toilettes (Éditions de l'Hèbe, 2008)
Êtes-vous fort en argot (Livre quiz, avec Jean-Bernard Pouy. Larousse, novembre 2010)

Livres pour la jeunesse (romans essais)
Trafic ignoble (collection Le Furet, Albin Michel, 2001 -épuisé)
Pas de bol pour Padbol (avec David Scrima, Magnard, 2002 -épuisé)
Un job tranquille (avec Théo Ebel, Magnard, 2002 -épuisé)
L'Encyclopédie des rebelles, insoumis et autres révolutionnaires (avec Anne Blanchard et Serge Bloch, Gallimard Jeunesse, 2009)
L'Encyclopédie des héros, icônes et autres demi-dieux (avec Jean-Bernard Pouy, Anne Blanchard et Serge Bloch, Gallimard Jeunesse, 2012)

Travaux littéraires
Privés de futur (avec Gilles Dumay, anthologie de nouvelles de science-fiction. Éditions du Belial, 2000)
Hong Kong, approches littéraires (avec Annie Curien, portraits d'écrivains. Éditions You Feng, 2004)
L'Horloge et le Dragon (avec Annie Curien, anthologie de nouvelles hongkongaises, Éditions Caractères, 2006)

Bibliographie et autres sources
La plupart des informations provient des récits d'autofiction "Buffet à volonté" et "D'un point de vue administratif", des interviews et des sites Web de l'auteur, lesquels sont abondants et où il affiche son goût pour la transparence.

 Interviews et dossiers du site littéraire/librairie en ligne Bibliosurf
 Les Crimes de l'année, publication de la Bibliothèque de littérature policière (BILIPO) : n° 6, 7, 8 et 12.
 Claude Mesplède (dir.), Dictionnaire des littératures policières, vol. 2., Joseph K, « Temps noir », 2003.
 Ouest-France (31 mars 2008) : « Francis Mizio : l'humoriste noir ».

Liens externes
 Page de Francis Mizio sur le site de la Maison des écrivains
 Site officiel principal de Francis Mizio

Références

Écrivain français du XXIe siècle
Auteur de la Série noire
Auteur du Poulpe
Collaborateur de Télérama
Naissance en novembre 1962
Naissance à Melun
Auteur français de roman policier


text:
The Philippines Is Now One Of China's Biggest Markets For Its Cars
The Philippines is now one of the biggest markets for Chinese made vehicles in the world. This is according to the latest report coming from the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers.
The Group which counts BYD, Changan, Chery, Geely, and Great Wall as members reports that vehicle exports last January are up 88 percent from a year earlier to 231,000 units. Passenger vehicle exports surged 95 percent to around 185,000, while commercial vehicles advanced 65 percent to roughly 46,000.
Among the exported passenger and commercial vehicles, some 56,000 were electrified vehicles including full electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids, soaring 540 percent from a year earlier.
The trade group didn't provide a further breakdown on the exports.
In 2021, China's vehicle exports nearly doubled from a year earlier to top 2 million.
Last year, some 1.61 million passenger vehicles and 402,000 commercial vehicles were shipped overseas, jumping 110 percent and 71 percent from 2020, respectively.
Exports of electrified vehicles approached 310,000, tripling the tally a year earlier.
In 2021, the ten largest markets for China's vehicle exports:
The ten largest markets for electrified vehicles from China were:
Seeing the Philippines as one of China's biggest export markets should not come as a surprise. Last year, MG Philippines recorded its best year ever, selling 6,343 units or an 85 percent increase. Same goes for Geely which saw sales grow 162 percent in 2021 to 6,272 units sold.
Even non-Chinese brands such as Kia saw robust sales last year with their top two selling models, the Stonic and Soluto sourced from China. Together they accounted for 58 percent of the Korean automaker's sales or 2,173 units. Meanwhile, American carmaker Ford sold 6,881 Territory and 1,500 EcoSport SUVs both of which are also sourced from China.
Filed Under: News, PHL Auto Industry
UnknownPanda February 27, 2022 at 9:09 AM
If the Stocks of the EcoSport will run out, then they will Discontinue the EcoSport completely since it was discontinued in Major Markets, including China and India.
Will Ford focus on the Territory?
Not all chinese cars are made equal. Same goes for japs, germans koreans and americans.
Point is, while the general sentiment is all chinese cars are crap, there at least at this point few models that are really good for the money.
Which ones?
In the Carpenter's Production youtube channel, the priest vlogger who owns a Coolray w 50,000km mileage reported that his vehicle has no major problem whatsoever.
Arthur Gadz February 27, 2022 at 7:14 PM
And sales of Chinese cars in Ph. will continue to grow.. With the release of Geely Emgrand, the new MG ZS, the success of the Ford territory and the Haval brand planning to enter the Ph market..It will only get bigger with trust of pinoys towards chinese cars slowly growing.. Not to mention if Philippines trasistions to electrification, where China is the biggest market and manufacturer of EVs.
One thing I admire most about buyers of Chinese cars is that they are brave souls.
blahblah March 4, 2022 at 8:49 PM
I also admire buyers of china made iphones, laptops and gadgets.
They also have brave souls..
中出し March 4, 2022 at 11:40 PM
Not comparable. Those items are low risk because their value does not even reach hundreds of thousands to millions.
blahblah March 5, 2022 at 6:17 AM
You are missing the point. Theyre all made in china. From phones to laptops to cars. Even toyotas, mitsubishis, hondas have chinese counterpart manufacturers, saic, chery, etc..
Natameme si Asimo. Good job blahblah.
中出し March 6, 2022 at 9:38 PM
Wrong. Those are designed in other countries but just manufactured in China. It is a different creature altogether from products designed by the chinese and manufactured in china.
China is also big now in shipping business and you can trust the avg cost of ship is much bigger than car.
Led March 3, 2022 at 10:52 PM
Main Market weapon for Chinese cars surged in Sales volume are the Cheap price, Premium Quality control and Turbocharged Engine that outgun it's Japanese and Korean counterpart. Soon they will overtake the market competitions.


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Expertise » Social Entrepreneurship
Centre for Active Ageing in Minsk: Love Yourself at Any Age
Centre for Active Ageing (CAA) has operated in Minsk for more than a year now. It was set up by graduates of the first Biz4all social entrepreneurship school who have experience both in business and the social sphere. In early spring, the Centre has changed location, and the selection of courses and master classes has been expanded. Yelena Dziamidava, director of the Centre, has spoken to ODB Brussels about their top course which is really popular — "Modelling".
Biz4all "Social Entrepreneurship Incubator" programme is organized by ODB Brussels (Belgium) in partnership with TNU Network University (Netherlands) with financial support from the European Union.
The Centre for Active Ageing opened thanks to the well-coordinated work of Dmitry Klimkovich, director of "Tsenny Kapital" (Valuable Capital) social enterprise, and Yelena Morigerovskaya, head and the ideological mastermind of ABC Care, a school of professional care after the seriously ill, and Yelena Dziamidava, who is now the director of the Centre for Active Ageing. Yelena Dziamidava said that she had the idea for the centre after taking part in the three-week Community Connections programme, where I visited Mather's—More Than a Café in Chicago, and began to assemble a team right away.
Yelena Dziamidava, director of the Centre for Active Ageing (second from the left) Dmitry Klimkovich, director of "Tsenny Kapital" social enterprise, and Anzhelika Klimkovich, investor of "Tsenny Kapital"
New fashionable profession: 55+ model
The first course graduates received their certificates fairly recently. Yelena says that the group was formed very quickly. "This is a very popular trend abroad at the moment, as the population in Europe and other countries is aging very quickly. The catwalk is opening up to women of 50+ years of age, as their numbers are growing. Designers construct and produce clothes for them, so the demand for models over fifty for the catwalk and photos is also growing. Belarus is not an exception. We do not have any specialized agencies, but we already have women who want to try their hand at it. Also, I personally know Olga Semashko, a professional model, so we have been able to establish a good partnership with the production centre where Olga currently works. This production centre plans to promote models over fifty-five in the Belarusian fashion market".
Source: facebook.com/mediamodelsschool/
The main classes include the art of defile and photo posing, make-up and working with a psychologist. This course is one of the most expensive among those offered in the Centre of Active Ageing. Surprisingly, however, a group was formed in three days. Every participant had their own goal to attend the course. However, Yelena underscores that some of them have serious and far-reaching plans to become a 50+ model and continue working in this direction. One of the goals of the centre is to extend economic longevity. "Modeling" is the case when all the goals have converged.
Olga Semashko has her own blog on defile and modelling. Olga is a professional model, and she develops the Real Age project. That is professional modelling for people older then 60+. Olga says that Belarus has never had anything like that. "We brought a number of models with disabilities and plus-sized models into the Belarusian fashion world. They have built their own brand and become very popular. We have decided to take a risk and try it out. It worked out in the end. We were the first to do so, doing a revolutionary thing and breaking stereotypes. The goal of the project is to discover successful, active and talented professional models of ageless category in Belarus".
Replace blue eye shadow with peach and salmon ones
Irina Grebenchuk, a make-up artist, organizes make-up classes within the framework of her "Modeling" course. "The Centre for Active Ageing invited me to take part in this project, and I gladly accepted. It was a new experience for me to work with women aged 50+. It was interesting to test myself, look at make-up the way they see it and see their perspective. It is one thing to train young girls who are ready for everything, who do not know yet what is right, and another thing is to train someone who has been doing make-up their whole life. It is interesting to watch them accept or reject it. I think that women can look good at any age, and if a woman looks good, she will feel good — if she likes her reflection in the mirror. You need minimum effort to do this — you just need to know how. It is enough to take 15-20 minutes in the morning, to set the mood for the day. I especially think that this is not a very widespread thing to do when women retire, because they do not really understand how to do this. It is great that there is an opportunity to go somewhere to learn and try something new".
Source: instagram.com/olgasevruk/
During the course Irina conducted two classes — the first one was a demo one. The goal of the course was to teach the models to do their own makeup for the photo shoots. The first class included a demonstration, analysis of photo make-up theory, how it is different from day makeup, which goals and issues it solves and how to do this. Theory was followed by a practical demonstration with a model, and the second class offered the participants a chance to try applying the makeup themselves.
Irina remembers: "It was clear that women were really interested. I received feedback, which was really important for me as well. We have already agreed with the administration of the centre to include these lessons in the programme. I would advise women over fifty to keep track of age-related changes in the skin and try to avoid using eyeliner, especially on the lower eyelid. With age, the eyelid sometimes gets a bit twisted, which stands out even more with black eyeliner. Choose the calm, natural eye shadow palette of refreshing shades - salmon, peach, pink and peach, and avoid earthy shades, like brown-gray and blue. Care for your face and for yourself, regardless of age. Love yourself"
Together in the new space
The first place where the Centre for Active Ageing was located was in Myasnikova street in Minsk. It consisted of several separate rooms, each of which was dedicated to its own purpose and could be used to organize various classes. The Centre for Active Ageing had to leave that place due to rent problems and re-opened several months later at 17 Masherov avenue. Yelena says that they now have one big hall, which they are trying to make as cosy and comfortable as possible. The CAA team invites Belarusian partner organizations and social enterprises to cooperate with them. "We have to admit that it is not convenient for some of our visitors to reach us, but we are doing our best to make it as good as possible. The move has had a really big impact on us and made us reconsider a lot of things, but we are not discouraged and are still making plans to grow, develop and look for new areas to develop in".
CAA in Masherov avenue in Minsk
Today, in addition to working with retirees (as earlier), the Centre actively works with people of pre-retirement age. To make sure this work is effective, strong partnerships are formed. For example, the CAA organizes yoga, zumba and other fitness classes three times a week in "Galanteya", a handbag-making company. Yelena thinks that it is a perfect example of how an enterprise takes care of their staff.
Of course, the permanent groups and in-demand master classes are still a priority for the Centre for Active Ageing in Minsk. You can also buy for your parents and grandparents certificates for classes, for example, for English classes, computer literacy classes, various fitness classes and psychological trainings. You can access the full list of offers on the website of the centre or on their social media pages.
Text by: Valeriya Nikalaichyk
Photo by: public online sources, as well as from Media Models School
The goal of the programme is to develop a package of social entrepreneurship training programmes in Russian using innovative international practices, as well as the experience of Belarusian diaspora representatives who have become successful entrepreneurs in European Union countries and the USA.
The material was prepared within the framework of the "Social Entrepreneurship Incubator", implemented by ODB Brussels in partnership with TNU Network University (Netherlands), Belarusian Youth Public Union "New Faces" and International Civil Association "Union of Belarusian of the world "Motherland", with support from the European Union.
Job vacancy: gender expert (Belarus)
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Call for Participants of the Second Summer School for Teenagers "SEI Youth: My First Business"
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