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John O'Groats ist eine Landspitze an der Georg-V.-Küste in Ostantarktika. Sie bildet den östlichen Ausläufer des Kap Denison am Ufer der Commonwealth-Bucht.

Douglas Mawson, Leiter der Australasiatischen Antarktisexpedition (1911–1914), benannte sie nach der Ortschaft John o' Groats am nordöstlichen Ende Schottlands.

Weblinks
 John O'Groats im Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica (englisch)

Kap (Antarktika)
Georg-V.-Land

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Local poverty reduction convergence efforts will be strengthened.
The Programme promotes and enhances partnerships with government and other stakeholders to achieve the MDGs by 2015. It will advocate the MDGs to and engage government institutions, civil society, business and private sectors. This will be reflected in policies, plans, budget and implementation strategies to meet MDG targets.
UNDP will also support regular national MDG needs assessment, analyze policy constraints, help monitor precise trends and gaps and update input targets. Additional efforts in capacity building of basic sectors and LGUs to strengthen convergence efforts and anti-poverty interventions at the local level will also be undertaken.
Country needs assessments and dialogues on the policy environment related to the projected trends in achieving targets based on MDG horizons; and (iv) internal and external assistance in closing financing gaps and scaling up of investments and resources required to meet the MDGs by 2015.
In terms of monitoring the MDGs, UNDP supports the building of capacities of agencies and data providers in monitoring the MDG targets through: active participation in organizing policy dialogues and exchange towards enhancing statistical comparability across countries and developing international standards in methodology in measuring progress for each specific MDG target; harmonizing with minimal cost the existing national statistical system to generate accurate and gender-disaggregated data for MDG monitoring and reporting relative to specific MDG targets; and the use of standard computer software, to be developed in close collaboration with the UN Country Team, for inputting and storing data from the national statistical system and other sources that will generate user-friendly reports and trends on achieving the MDGs.
UNDP's approach in reducing human poverty in the Philippines is to promote growth with equity entailing the creation of more wealth while closing the gap between the rich and the poor. The country needs to be on the road towards sustainable development to achieve the MDGs in 2015. UNDP will support the development and implementation of national policies that are pro-poor and gender-balanced, with clear linkages to specific programmes designed to contribute to the empowerment of the poor.
Strategies to be employed under this component include: multi-stakeholder approach, unity and convergence in targeted areas, capacity building, strengthening of institutional mechanisms; asset reform and effective asset utilization; unleashing entrepreneurship and increasing access to credit, capital and productive resources; mobilizing private-sector support; advocacy for internal and external resource mobilization to scale up investments and interventions to achieve MDG targets; and social protection for poor and vulnerable groups.
As a strategic start-up, UNDP will support the Philippine government in formulating an enhanced MDG-based poverty reduction strategy (PRS) program for 2005-2010 that focuses on the operational mechanisms of reducing poverty incidence from 34% to 17%, in line with MDG 1 of halving poverty by 2015. The PRS is aligned to the Medium Term Philippine Development Plan (MTPDP) 2004-2010 targets, and will keenly identify, develop, and enhance the Government's anti-poverty programmes.
The enhanced PRS will identify macro and sectoral 'flagship' programmes and projects, local poverty initiatives, roles and responsibilities of key stakeholders, legislation to create the enabling environment conducive to growth and poverty reduction, institutional processes and mechanisms to allow a more proactive and effective participation, especially of the poor, allocation and additional required resources, and monitoring and evaluation tools. UNDP will also support an intense broad-based advocacy campaign for the PRS.
The Microfinance component will respond to the need for an exponential increase in the supply of microfinance services to three million entrepreneurial poor by increasing coverage to the very poor and underserved, including women, and hard-to-reach poor areas. This requires a two-pronged strategy that consists of priming both vertical and horizontal outreach growth of breakthrough Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) from the previous phase of the UNDP Microfinance Sector Strengthening Project (MSSP I) to promising new and expansion areas. This component emphasizes that gender concerns be mainstreamed in the Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) that will be assisted, thereby helping bridge the income disparity between men and women.
UNDP will continue to support the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act (IPRA) through the preparation and development of models of implementation of Ancestral Domains Sustainable Development and Protection Plans (ADSDPPs). Central to the assistance to Indigenous Peoples is capacity building on leadership and the management of ancestral domains.
This intervention addresses the tenurial security of Indigenous Peoples communities; increased capacity for Indigenous Peoples communities in self-governance and management of their resources with clearly formulated ADSDPPs, with the participation of traditional leaders, elders and representatives from women and youth sectors. This will lay out future development plans of the community and enable its members to effectively govern themselves; improve and promote the sustainable utilization of their resources; and improve quality of life of Indigenous Peoples communities based on their self-determination.
UNDP will help strengthen institutional capacities to formulate, implement and monitor anti-poverty strategies by the basic sectors, civil society, and local government units to converge within the PRS framework and work together effectively for poverty reduction at the local level. The objective is for institutions to make informed decisions, to take active positions on key policy issues and to participate in the design of anti-poverty programs and projects.


Weekend Weather- Spring is Here!
Looking for weekend weather updates? Bookmark our Weather category!
Well, Spring is officially here and by all means, ask me how I know this. Go on, ask.
My reasoning behind that bold claim, is that you can always tell when spring has arrived through this single, tell-tale sign.
There's a gradual influx of college kids making out on the beach and an entire village of lizards mating on my porch.
If that doesn't scream Spring Season, then I don't know what does.
Thursday, March 3: Sunshine. Highs around 73, with lows in the 50's.
Friday, March 4: Mix of sun and clouds, with day time highs reaching 75's and nights cooling off at about 52.
Saturday, March 5: Some clouds passing through. Highs around 76 with lows creeping in at about 49.
Sunday, March 6: Morning clouds with afternoon sun. Highs in the mid 60's and lows in the upper 30's.
Overall, you've got to admit that's one good looking forecast.
Except for Mr. Sunday with his slightly cooler attitude. He can't come to our party anymore.
Obviously, he didn't get the Warm Weather Only memo.
*Update: Saturday jumped up to a 70% chance of rain.
Next Post Weekend Events- Spring Break!


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Two 'assassins' reveal all: Women arrested over nerve gas killing of Kim Jong-nam tell police they were 'good time girls hired in Malaysian massage parlours for £72 and told to carry out baby oil prank'
Two women assassinated Kim Jong Nam in Kuala Lumpur airport on February 13
Malaysian police say Kim Jong Un's half brother had nerve agent on his face VX
Suspected attackers, Indonesian woman and Vietnamese woman, in custody
They are understood to have admitted they had worked in massage parlours
Alleged assassin Siti Aishah said she was paid to put 'baby oil' in victim's face
By Richard Shears for the Daily Mail
In the seedy, sex-driven, underworld beneath Malaysia's world-wide image of respectability, two 'good time girls' made easy pickings for North Korean agents looking for 'patsies' to commit a murder.
Today the women, Doan Thi Huong, from Vietnam, and Siti Aishah, from Indonesia - both in their mid to late 20s - continued to be interrogated by Malaysian police about their roles in the murder of Kim Jong-nam who died after nerve agent was thrown in his face at Kuala Lumpur International Airport on 13 February.
They are understood to have admitted they had worked in massage parlours and had also escorted wealthy Asian men around town, ending up in their bedrooms - and they made easy pickings for North Korean agents looking for women who could assume harmless identities for the deadly roles they were needed for.
Malaysian police said two women allegedly involved in the assassination - Siti Aishah (left) and Doan Thi Huong (right) - knew the poisoning wasn't a 'TV prank'
Police are understood to be looking at preparing murder charges against the women despite their agreeing to tell everything about the men they met, the names they knew, and the promises that were made to them if they carried off their deadly mission of murdering Kim, the estranged elder half-brother of North Korean leader Kim Jong-un.
Female assassin murdered Kim Jong-un's outcast brother with... Pictured: The woman suspected of murdering Kim Jong-un's...
Aishah has already admitted that she worked in a massage parlour, while Huong has told police that she earned money for her family back in Vietnam by escorting men in night clubs and being paid well for her services.
But, aside from the serious charges they now face - despite their claims that they thought they had been recruited to play a part in a jokey TV show in which members of the public would have a liquid sprayed in their faces - Huong has an added reason to regret.
Suspected assassin Doan Thi Huong can be seen wearing a shirt with 'LOL' emblazoned on the front
Alleged aassasin Doan Thi Huong had a Facebook account under the name Ruby Ruby and posted pictures of herself wearing a revealing red swim suit
Alleged aassasin Doan Thi Huong worked as an escort, taking wealthy men around town
She has fallen sick, police revealed, because she ingested some of the 'harmless' liquid she and Aishah were involved in spraying in Kim's face at Kuala Lumpur airport.
She has been vomiting and refusing food, sources said, because the liquid has been identified as a deadly nerve agent known as VX. Although she is not in any danger to her life, it is possible that she did not wash her hands properly after the airport incident.
Just where the deadly chemical came from - whether it was brought into the country by a North Korean agent or was produced locally - was still being investigated today but suspicion that it might have been produced in Kuala Lumpur has been suggested by The Star newspaper.
It reported that a hazardous material team had gone to an apartment in the city, understood to be where North Korean chemist, Ri Jong-chol, had been living, and had seized various chemicals, several pairs of gloves and shoes.
Malaysian experts are now trying to ascertain whether the deadly chemical used to kill Kim was made up of more than the nerve agent VX. But as far as the two arrested women were concerned, they continue to claim they did not know its dangers.
Aishah has told police that she believed the liquid was just baby oil.
Indonesia's deputy ambassador to Malaysia, Andreano Erwin, who visited Aishah today, told reporters today that she had been paid the equivalent of £72 to take part in the 'prank'.
'She didn't know it was poison. That is the answer from her,' he said.
Kim Jong Nam died on February 13 and now police say a nerve agent was found on his face
Shocking pictures show Kim Jong-Nam slumped in a chair having been poisoned
'She only said in general that somebody had asked her to do it and she didn't know what would happened next.
'She mentioned some names but I did not recognise them. The names were very general…James, Jang, that's it.'
He said Aishah had told him that the men who had approached her were 'maybe Japanese or Korean.'
Eight North Koreans are wanted in connection with the murder, four of whom are suspected of having already escaped back to Pyongyang, but police are hoping for a 'big catch' with the arrest of a diplomat at the North Korean Embassy.
They have ordered 44-year-old Hyon Kwang Son, a second secretary at the embassy, to co-operate voluntarily with police - and he has been given 'reasonable time' to come forward.
Police chief Abdul Samah Mat said that if he failed to co-operate a warrant would be issued for his arrest.
Malaysian police Saturday told the public they would do everything possible to ensure there was no risk from the lethal VX nerve agent used to assassinate Kim Jong-Nam, the half-brother of North Korean dictator Kim Jong-un.
People were worried about the use of the highly toxic agent developed for chemical warfare, state police chief Abdul Samah Mat said, after the audacious February 13 attack by two assassins at Kuala Lumpur airport.
HOW A SINGLE DROP OF MAN-MADE VX KILLS IN MINUTES
As Malaysian toxicologists reveal that the banned nerve agent VX was used in the airport assassination of Kim Jong-Nam, here are some key questions and answers about the deadly weapon of mass destruction.
Code-named by the US scientists who mass produced it, VX is an organophosphate compound and one of the deadliest chemical agents ever manufactured.
Stockpiled by the US in huge quantities during the Cold War, VX is perhaps 10 times as powerful as the Sarin toxin.
Odourless and clear when pure, it has the appearance of motor oil and is stable enough to be transported. It is also hard to detect, an advantage for a would-be assassin.
Downsides are that it lingers, potentially contaminating areas for long periods of time.
'It can kill an adult weighing 70 kilogrammes with just five milligrammes on the skin,' said Yosuke Yamasato, former principal of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force Chemical School.
'It's unbelievable that the executors of the crime used it with their bare hands - they must have not known the material was VX.'
Code-named by the US scientists who mass produced it, VX is an organophosphate compound and one of the deadliest chemical agents ever manufactured (file picture)
It strikes the nervous system fast. A high dose can kill in minutes when inhaled, as the blood vessels in the lungs rapidly spread the compound into the bloodstream and vital organs.
Nerve agents over-stimulate glands and muscles, leading them to quickly fatigue and become unable to sustain breathing.
Symptoms depend on dosage and whether it is inhaled or introduced through the skin - the slower form of poisoning.
Exposure to low doses is survivable.
But more serious contamination is fast-acting and often gruesome. People exposed to the toxin may become short of breath and nauseous in minutes, or at a higher dose experience seizures, heart failure and a total shut down of the respiratory system.
There are antidotes but treatment must be immediate. US soldiers carried kits to inject themselves with antidote during the first Iraq War.
Nerve agent VX is odorless, tasteless and highly toxic, and is manufactured for chemical warfare
Where does it come from?
The compound was first created in a British laboratory in the early 1950s. But American scientists honed its potency during the Cold War arms race with the Soviet Union.
Tens of thousands of tonnes of VX were churned out at Newport Chemical Depot in Indiana - a stockpile that was finally destroyed in the late 1980s as the Cold War ended.
Accidental leaks have been reported in the US and Japan. It has been deployed as a war weapon infrequently but with devastating effect.
Residues found on site suggest Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein may have used VX among a cocktail of chemical weapons he rained down on the Kurdish town of Halabja in 1988 killing at least 5,000 people.
In 1994 VX was used by Japan's Aum cult to murder an office worker in Osaka, and in the attempted murder of two other people.
Legal status?
VX is listed a weapon of mass destruction by the United Nations.
Under the international Chemical Weapons Convention 1997, countries are allowed limited stockpiles for research purposes only but must declare them and are obliged to progressively destroy their supplies.
'North Korea is not a signatory to CWC, so it's no surprise if it possesses VX,' Satoshi Numazawa, professor of toxicology at Showa University, told AFP.
Women arrested over Kim Jong-nam worked massage parlours

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Privacy Perspectives | Turn contact tracing apps on by default — Europeans shouldn't need to opt in Related reading: Sharing COVID-19 data with government authorities: Guidance from DPAs
Turn contact tracing apps on by default — Europeans shouldn't need to opt in
schedule May 27, 2020
Daniel Castro	Nonmember Contributor
Eline Chivot	Nonmember Contributor
As European governments start easing lockdown restrictions, developing an effective contact tracing strategy has become a top priority to prevent a new surge of COVID-19 outbreaks. A key part of this strategy will almost certainly involve mobile contact tracing apps that automatically notify users who have encountered someone diagnosed with COVID-19. Unfortunately, the European Commission's guidance issued in April recommends that, in line with the EU General Data Protection Regulation, users "should be able to give their consent to each functionality of an app separately" and that proximity data should "only be shared with the user's consent." Leaving it up to individual users to choose to opt in to such an app would be a mistake — the only way this type of mobile app will reach a critical mass is if it is enabled by default.
Mobile contact tracing is emerging as a priority because public health agencies do not have the capacity to do this work manually. Moreover, manual methods rely on fallible human memories — many people are not going to remember everywhere they went in the past week — not to mention they simply will not know everyone they may have encountered at a grocery store or on a subway car. Mobile contact tracing would supplement manual methods by automating the process of notifying individuals who may be at risk of infection.
There are two main ways this might work. One method uses an app to track the location of users' smartphones throughout the day. When individuals test positive for COVID-19, then public health officials use their location history to alert other people who were at the same locations at the same time. Countries including Cyprus, Czech Republic, Iceland, Israel and Norway have all released apps that use location data. Another method uses Bluetooth technology to continuously broadcast anonymous identifiers from users' smartphones and record the identifiers of other nearby devices. When people test positive for COVID-19, public health authorities would then share a list of these people's anonymous identifiers, automatically alerting people who may have encountered one of these infected individuals on the next steps they should take. This is the approach Apple and Google are using to create a common-platform that public health authorities around the world can use to build contact tracing apps.
Whether mobile contact tracing is effective remains to be seen. There will likely be a lot of false positives, and location-based tracking will only be as good as the location data. While some newer phones may use Wi-Fi signals to calculate users' locations to one to three meters, GPS-enabled phones are only accurate to about four meters, and accuracy rates can decline substantially indoors. Similarly, Bluetooth tracking is imperfect — for example, it is not easy to distinguish between two people sitting together versus two people separated by a wall, yet tech companies are working hard to solve these problems.
The biggest issue for mobile contact tracing applications is likely to be reaching the adoption levels needed to be most effective. A study from Oxford University found that nearly 60% of the population should use a contact tracing app to suppress an outbreak, yet getting to this threshold across European countries will be a challenge. Preliminary results in countries that have deployed an app suggest the uptake will be low — in Austria, for instance, only 400,000 people (4.5% of the population) had downloaded it by the end of April. Even where these apps have gained more traction, such as in Norway or Iceland, countries do not expect the impact to be game-changing. Even then, the GDPR's provisions on data minimization would still apply, limiting the efficiency of those apps that relies on critical mass. In addition, while young adults aged 18 to 34 years old widely use smartphones, in many European countries large shares of adults aged 50 years or more (a population at risk) did not own one in 2018 — 64% in Germany, 53% in France, 60% in Spain, 48% in Italy, and as little as 35% in Poland. Second, many users do not enable Bluetooth, often because they are concerned about preserving battery life. Third, surveys of European populations, such as in France or Belgium, suggest divided opinions over whether they would use a mobile contact tracing app, in part because of privacy concerns. Apple and Google's protocol, decentralized and designed to save battery power, could address at least the latter two problems — unfortunately, some EU member states remain opposed to adopting their solution.
Any contact tracing app will need to handle questions about privacy. Indeed, one of the reasons that the Bluetooth method has gained traction is that it does not rely on centrally tracking or storing information about where people go or other personal details. But while any contact tracing app should be designed to be as minimally intrusive as possible and only be used for public health purposes, policymakers recommended that the use of mobile contact tracing apps be voluntary and "based on explicit consent of the user." Doing otherwise would prompt cries from privacy activists. Unfortunately, requiring users to affirmatively opt in for using these apps would mean significantly lower uptake, risking European lives. Instead, the European Commission should have encouraged member states to invoke and use the GDPR's exceptions to consent requirement in case of an emergency and for reasons of substantial public interest.
Mandating that Europeans use an app would raise legal objections, but there is no reason not to enable them by default like so many other critical mobile phone updates. Tipping the scales in favor of participation would help such tools reach a critical mass. European governments have had to take unprecedented actions during the pandemic — issuing stay-at-home and social distancing orders and mandating that people wear masks — and while mobile contact tracing is not a silver bullet, it is a reasonable option to lower the odds of another outbreak of hotspots from emerging. It could also lead to a faster return of free movement across EU borders, fast-track coordination of measures between member states, and ease the pain for many businesses and sectors such as tourism.
The EU's data protection law makes it hard but not impossible to do mobile contact tracing. The European Commission should clarify the GDPR's provisions that allow data processing without consent and recommend EU countries use those, rather than advise them against accommodating the flexibility needed to enable solutions that could help save lives now and in the future.
Photo by Rob Hampson on Unsplash
Privacy Opinion
comment Rod Gliven • May 27, 2020
The article by Daniel & Eline contains some interesting statistics and analysis on the technologies being promoted; governments interest & uptake; and, the opportunities to assist in kick-starting the economy, particularly in tourism, and in countries which rely on it as their primary source of income.
Regrettably, it supports breaching one of the fundamental edicts of EU-GDPR, that of affording the individual on 'informed consent'.
Whilst it could be argued as being for the 'greater good', the key premise is to enable an individual, the protection in law, to consent to their personal information being processed for: (a) a specific purpose.
(b) for a limited period of time.
(c) with the individual's full knowledge & approval.
Without Governments being able to guarantee these elements, offer legal redress for non-compliance, why would individuals place any amount of trust in parting with their personal information. Further, why would individual place any amount of trust in solutions being offered by Apple or Google, given their previous failings in the privacy arena.
comment Marco Ermini • Jun 4, 2020
I am afraid, but no.  I wholeheartedly disagree with both the article's premises and content.
First of all, I have yet to see any evidence that contact tracing applications (or for what matters, location-based ones) do bring any benefits by themselves, if not integrated into a general policy of public awareness, enforcement of hygienic measures, selected services' lockdown and management of "social distancing".
Second, GDPR does not make it hard at all to enable contact tracing, if required.  There are specific provisions in the law exactly for that kind of needs.
Third, technical requirements make utility of that kind of apps very limited.  It won't work on devices who cannot upgrade to Apple iOS 13 or don't have access to Google Play Store (like all banned Chinese manufacturers).
Finally, there is no European-wide contact tracing possibility.  Citizens of one country travelling to another won't be traced, because of the very nature of how those apps are implemented.
Making those apps compulsory is no panacea - quite the contrary, and as of myself, I am all against forcing the population to swallow something which is redundant and worthless by design.  Remember the "data minimisation" principle?
Germany, for instance, is doing great work reducing disease's spreading by very low-tech tracking and investigations.  There is no reason why everyone should not do the same.
Let's keep being Privacy Professionals!
comment Daniel Castro • Jun 10, 2020
Marco, I agree that we don't yet know if these contact tracing apps work. We say as much in the article. If they don't, we shouldn't use them. And as long as the EU still supports free movement of people, it is ridiculous to take a country-by-country approach to mobile contact tracing in Europe, rather than creating a pan-European solution. (The U.S. is even worse, with each of the 50 states taking its own approach to contact tracing.)
But the real question is what should we do if these apps work? If we can work out the bugs and mobile contact tracing apps are effective, are we going to sacrifice a viable solution to adhere to privacy ideas that weren't developed with a pandemic in mind?
Last time I checked, the GDPR was not carved in stone or handed down by some infallible diety. We should not be afraid to change them to meet the practical realities on the ground, especially if doing so can save lives.
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library_books Sharing COVID-19 data with government authorities: Guidance from DPAs
library_books Illusions of consent and COVID-19-tracking apps
library_books Protecting privacy on COVID-19 surveillance apps
library_books Geolocation and other personal data used in the fight against COVID-19
library_books How to comply with data localization regulations amid COVID-19's impact