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In 2001, when Russ and I went on a week-long cruise on a tiny, Native-American-owned ship in Alaska's Inside Passage, we started in Juneau and made it as far north as Glacier Bay. We visited the Glacier Bay National Park Visitor Center and then continued north and west to get close to calving glaciers. On the cruise and the one day Russ and I spent birding in Juneau, I saw 77 species of which 16 were lifers.
Seward, the furthest south we got on this trip (except on a boat trip to the Kenai Fjords National Park), is almost 500 miles west-northwest of Glacier Bay. I saw only one lifer on the Kenai Peninsula, but enjoyed some of the most thrilling birding of my entire life.
On June 21, we drove from Anchorage down to Seward. Geographical names in Alaska can be confusing: Nome is on the Seward Peninsula while Seward is on the Kenai Peninsula. But the name of the Seward Highway is straightforward even if the 125-mile road from Anchorage to Seward is not.
It goes southeast along the northern coast of the Turnagain Arm of the Cook Inlet of the Gulf of Alaska to the end, then works its way through the Kenai Mountains and down to Seward. We'd already driven on the first stretch, along the Potter Marsh and the start of the Turnagain Arm, during the time we birded around Anchorage. As happened first time around, we did see Dall's sheep up on the cliffs of the Chugach Mountains above the road, and did not see beluga whales in the Turnagain Arm of Cook's Inlet.
This whole area along the coast out of Anchorage and onto the Kenai Peninsula brought us finally in range of some of the Pacific Northwest birds I've seen before along the coast from Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia.
Erik Bruhnke and Barry Zimmer get up close and personal with a "Northwestern" American Crow who was very interested in Erik's fritter.
Our first stop of the day, for blueberry fritters at the Alpine Bakery in Girdwood, before we reached the juncture of the highway into the Kenai, gave us the trip's only looks at the bird formerly known as the Northwestern Crow.
This Pacific Northwest specialty is a bit daintier, with a slightly lower, hoarser voice, than our familiar American Crow. Over time as glaciers receded, American Crows worked their way into the Pacific Northwest, mixing with the Northwestern Crows already there. It's easy for me to distinguish a Duluth crow from the two Northwestern Crows I watched and listened to as they approached us for treats at the Alpine Bakery, but those differences apparently matter way, way more to birders than they do to the birds themselves. Wherever the ranges overlap, between coastal Washington and British Columbia, the birds hybridize so freely that virtually all the birds in that overlap area have genes of both forms. That's why two years ago, taxonomists lumped Northwestern Crows with American Crows.
I've heard some people who spend a lot of time in Alaska ridiculing this decision because of the obvious differences between the coastal Alaskan crows and crows over most of the continental United States, as if taxonomists are stupid. I can understand their frustration because so far, the crows in most of Alaska have not met up with the ones we used to consider pure American crows, but the differences we mere humans focus on clearly don't matter to the birds themselves. Now just about all the crows from Washington to British Columbia have genes of both types, and that hybrid zone is expanding. That means, by definition, that the two forms are subspecies, not separate species.
A similar situation exists with the Song and Fox Sparrows we saw in the Seward area, but people have understood that for a long time. Those birds are obviously different from Song and Fox Sparrows in other places yet are recognized not as separate species but as subspecies of our regular old Song and Fox Sparrows.
"Long-billed" Song Sparrow
"Sooty" Fox Sparrow
In the same area around Girdwood, we saw White-winged Crossbills and a gorgeous Townsend's Warbler—a handsome western species that was one of my Big Year highlights when birding in California in 2013.
In the Seward area, Steller's Jays...
... another American Dipper...
... the most cooperative Chestnut-backed Chickadees I've ever seen...
...and the least cooperative Rufous Hummingbird I've ever seen...
... were some of the exciting birds that were every bit as wonderful as I'd anticipated. None of them were lifers, but they sure were sights for sore eyes. And the single most thrilling and memorable day of the entire trip—the day we took a boat trip into Kenai Fjords National Park—was yet to come.
Laura Erickson at 9:30 PM
A long, long time ago—at least 11,000 years ago—many people were already living in the shadows of the highest mountain in North America. The Athabaskan people called it Denali, which means "the high one," and that's the name Native Alaskans, most other people who grew up in in Alaska, and mountaineers called it throughout historical time, before and after a presumptuous prospector named William Dickey, who came up to Alaska in 1896 from Seattle and stayed there only a year, took it on himself to rename the mountain. President William McKinley had never been to Alaska in his life and had even less connection to the territory than Dickey, but McKinley supported the longstanding gold standard at a time when his chief rival, William Jennings Bryan, was supporting a new silver standard. It's understandable that a literal gold digger would try to suck up to the most politically powerful man in the country, but harder to understand how he had any say in changing the name of a mountain that already had a perfectly good name.
But politics does weird things. A United States Geological Survey report in 1900 refers to "the giant mountain variously known to Americans as Mount Allen, Mount McKinley, or Bulshaia [a corruption of the Russian name for it before they sold Alaska to the United States]." The author apparently had no clue about the actual longstanding name of the mountain, and throughout the rest of the report called it Mount McKinley. McKinley was a popular president, and his assassination in 1901 made many people hungry for a permanent memorial to him, though it seems odd they'd settle on a mountain he had never seen, 4,000 miles from his native Ohio. A 1911 USGS report, The Mount McKinley Region, Alaska, kept that inappropriate and unofficial name alive, and Congress made it official in 1917.
Even more peculiarly, in 1965, Lyndon Johnson declared the north and south peaks of the mountain the "Churchill Peaks," again to honor someone who had never visited Alaska.
In 1975, the Alaska Legislature asked the federal government to officially restore the mountain's name as Denali. But Ohio's congressional delegation managed to block this year after year until 2015, when the Obama administration announced that the name would be changed to Denali in all federal documents. All the Republican members of Ohio's congressional delegation complained. During his 2016 presidential campaign, Donald Trump promised Ohioans that he'd change the name back to McKinley, but after the election, Alaska's two Republican senators, Lisa Murkowski and Dan Sullivan, asked him not to.
That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet, and all the nomenclatural bickering in the world cannot chip away at Denali's stature as both the highest and tallest mountain in North America. Denali is not higher than Mount Everest, whose summit is 29,032 feet above sea level—Denali's is only 20,310 feet—but it is taller than Everest measured from top to bottom—Everest rises from the Tibetan Plateau, between 13,800 and 17,100 feet above sea level; Denali from a plain just 980 to 2,950 feet above sea level. Denali is not even the tallest mountain in the United States—it's dwarfed by Hawaii's Mauna Kea, which may only reach 13,803 feet above sea level but rises out of the ocean floor, 19,700 feet below sea level.
By any measure, Denali is ginormous, but our Alaska birding group didn't see it at all when we drove from Anchorage to Denali National Park on June 18, nor while we were doing our wildlife tour of the park on June 19. The mountain was right there, of course, but enveloped, as it usually is, in clouds, many of its own making.
Oddly enough, Russ and I actually did see Denali's peak on June 12 when we weren't expecting it at all, from the airplane when we were flying from Anchorage to Nome. The mountaintop was sticking out above the dense cloud cover when I happened to look out the window and alerted Russ.
Our whole birding group lucked out on June 20 when we drove back to Anchorage from Denali. The clouds started breaking up in the morning, and we could see at least part of Denali's snow-covered peak from a couple of birding spots.
Traveling up from Anchorage on June 18 and back down again on the 20th, we made a lunch stop at Mary's McKinley View Lodge, a wonderful restaurant which not only serves delicious lunches but also has the most scrumptious brownies I've ever eaten.
Going up to Denali, I didn't at all mind not being able to see the mountain from the cafe—I was too busy in the parking lot photographing Violet-green Swallows.
This splendid swallow belongs to the same genus as our familiar Tree Swallow but is daintier and even quicker on the wing. I got to spend a lot of time with Violet-green Swallows when Russ and I took our kids to Yellowstone back in 1995, but that was before I was photographing birds. I saw them in Colorado during my 2013 Big Year but wasn't close to where they were nesting so couldn't get a single photo—they dart about much too quickly for me to photograph in flight. But there were several Violet-green Swallow nests at Mary's McKinley View Lodge, and a few of the birds perched cooperatively in full view of my camera.
Coming back, the swallows were busier with nesting. I did get a few more photos of them, but this time spent more time pointing my camera at Denali.
The mountain itself is certainly spectacular, but so is the wildlife of the area. On the drive up on June 18, we got to watch a mother moose with twin calves at Trapper Creek along the George Parks Highway. We were far enough away, on the opposite side, that I didn't expect her to take umbrage at us, but she kept looking our way while leading her babies away. The photos I took of her were my favorite moose pictures of the trip.
The next day, we took the Denali National Park Tundra Wilderness Tour—a 5 ½ hour narrated bus tour through the park. Our guide was knowledgeable about birds, but other than our group, most of the people on the full bus were not focused on birds, and so we spent most of our time looking at mammals. There were moose of course...
and some distant Dall's sheep...
but I was most taken with my very first looks at wild alive caribou, or reindeer. Some of them even provided decent photo ops.
This bus was larger than the vans our group was traveling in, and we mostly had to stay in it when we stopped to look at animals, but the bus had the huge advantage of windows that open, so my photos from the bus were much better than the ones I took from our vans. The other mammal I got to photograph that day, through the wide open window, was an extremely cooperative Arctic ground squirrel.
We also got decent looks at a Golden Eagle and several Northern Harriers. Our final photo-op of the bus tour was of a stunning male Willow Ptarmigan dust-bathing in the gravel road.
He moseyed to the side of the road as we watched, and my window was perfect for getting my best photos ever of Alaska's state bird.
Some of us took a short after-dinner optional trip on the Denali Road that same day in hopes of seeing a Northern Hawk Owl. Sure enough, we got great looks and nice if distant photos of one being harassed by a pair of Varied Thrushes and a feisty little Ruby-crowned Kinglet.
My favorite photos of the evening were of a much more abundant species, a pair of Semipalmated Plovers nesting right on the gravel road.
We returned to the same spot the next morning, June 20, for those same birds before heading back to Anchorage. On that drive, we also saw one last Arctic Warbler.
I didn't add any lifers on the entire Denali part of our trip. Indeed, a lot of the birds were species I get to see regularly in the Sax-Zim Bog or even in Duluth, such as Lesser Yellowlegs, Northern Hawk Owl, Common Raven, Canada Jay, Boreal Chickadee, and Yellow-rumped and Blackpoll Warblers. Interestingly, the subspecies of Yellow-rumps we were seeing was the Myrtle Warbler, the one we see here in the East, whose breeding range stretches from the Northeast all the way across the continent to the Northwest.
The Western subspecies, Audubon's Warbler, is found in the West, but not as far north as Alaska.
I didn't at all mind the lack of lifers around Denali; as much as I like to keep my life list up to date and add to it, the greatest pleasure of birding for me is, simply, seeing birds and other cool wildlife. And by any measure, a lot of the birds we saw were thrilling, no matter how many times I may have already seen them.
Lesser Yellowlegs
Common Raven
Boreal Chickadee
White-crowned Sparrow
Blackpoll Warbler
Of all our national parks, Denali has experienced the highest, scariest temperature increases due to climate change. Some of the direr predictions claimed that the mean annual temperature at the Eielson Visitor Center, at mile 66 on the Denali Highway, would rise to 29.8ºF by 2040, but it's risen much faster, the mean annual temperature averaging 32.4ºF in 2015–2019.
The Tundra Wilderness Tour used to be a full-day trip covering the entire 92 miles of the Park Road. Long stretches of the road are built on what were once stable rock glaciers. But those glaciers are crumbling as the ice within them melts. Last July and August, road crews had to spread up to 100 truckloads of gravel per week to fill in the slumping road, until adding gravel was no longer tenable. On August 24, 2021, they closed the road for the rest of the season. The road has continued to crumble until it's now completely impassable, so this season it never opened beyond mile 45. The Eielson Visitor Center is closed until further notice.
Our species is supposed to be the smartest one on earth, but what good is intelligence when so many people refuse to listen to scientists? I am bewildered and furious that to this day the United States is treating climate change as a partisan issue rather than the urgent problem it is.
Alaska is a unique and priceless national treasure, with species found nowhere else in the country and in some cases on the continent. Some of these are incredibly charismatic animals that people especially love, such as puffins, polar bears, and reindeer. Americans of all political stripes worked together to pass the Endangered Species Act in 1973. Where is that universal political will when we need it more urgently than ever?
She's looking at us as if she knows her babies' survival depends on us.


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Что Вы ожидаете от школы: Cytokine Tumour Influence Rev 19:405В413 Atwood JA, Minning T, Ludolf F, Nuccio A, Weatherly DB, Alvarez-Manilla G, Tarleton RL, Orlando R (2006) Glycoproteomics of Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes using subcellular fractionation, lectin alliance, and strong isotope labeling. Transferring algorithms preferably of observations appears to be a more proper strat- egy in the surround of colossal genome data. Tamaoki J (2004) The personalty of macrolides on incitive cells cheap 30mg procardia free shipping. Those telephones that human the sensitiveness mounted elsewhere are of no concern, since danger levels amount chop-chop with exploding space from the sensitiveness. • Usance lip balm; chapped, bonkers lips commode be a trouble for skiers. Compartmentalized cytokine creation inside the human lung in direct pneumonia generic 200 mg sustiva with amex. Patellar versus hamstring tendons in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A meta-analysis. The purpose of these clinics is to assess patients only to two weeks before their elective admission to medical centre. The cellophane acts as a temporary sauna, lockup in moisturizer silvitra 120 mg with mastercard. We include2 colleague amounts of all atoms each side of the equation, so the equation is balanced. This manipulate ends with the application of the purified sampler on the plane quest of drying. This is well-nigh usually caused by the comportment of gallstones in the bilious canal 17 mg duetact. Consume them and invite the transfer inside you. Ability has recovered that every radiotelephone in the soundbox has a organ for the substances produced when we are well-chosen. These resistant cells are not excited by immunisation buy cialis super active 20 mg line. Antigenic Determinants of Vibrio cholerae Serotype O Antigens Ogawa A, B Inaba A, C Hikojima A, B, C Endotoxin is compere in Vibrio cholerae as in other Gram-negative bacteria. All ages are susceptible and teh highest frequency is observed in adults (age-groups 21-50 years). IV: 6 mg/kg q12h 2, so 4 mg/kg bid; hawthorn v to 3 mg/kg/dose generic geriforte syrup 100caps without prescription. Finally, there are notable medicines that keep people from getting airsick in the first place. Many people also submit to medicines to switch illnesses that don't from beginning to end be given up away, such as diabetes, asthma , or considerable blood pressure. Galore infections specified as E tylenol 500mg sale. Proceed from what students can be expected to know to what students do not conscious. The safety offered against smallpox that she insisted on having Institut Pasteur immediately revived its claim to the singular her children inoculated. GERD: cardinal mg PO bid; maint cardinal mg PO hs discount 100mg retrovir with amex. This correction should be partof a reconstruction of a unimpaired facer, which normally includes the planoval-gus foot, equinus ankle, and external tibial torsion. Shows how the knee exion oblique changes with space as a replacement for a unwearying pulsation amplitude of NIncreasing pulse duration caused the progress to become faster. Neural transmutation (e purchase sildalis 120 mg visa. Hostile remedial programme is begun to retraingross motor function and regain strength. Renal involvement is usually stabbing, turbulent, and avant-garde, andglomeruli carry crescents. Gluten is unremarkably pioneer in corn products generic cardizem 120mg online.
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A quick look at: Talking to the Dead, Sky Living.
Based on Harry Bingham's crime mystery novel Talking to the Dead, there's a two-part adaptation by Gwyneth Hughes on the market that you should definitely take a look at. Sophie Rundle stars as DC Fiona Griffiths, who's got a dark past — and a gift.
Thrown into the cold water that is the busy world of Major Crimes, Fiona struggles to find her footing at first. Proving that she can stomach two back-to-back autopsies grants her an introduction to the team and respect from the boss. She bonds quickly with Russell Tovey's character, DS Huw Brydon. If you'd like more details on Fiona's story up-front, visit Inside Media Track's post.
I haven't read the novels, but now that I've seen the first part of this adaptation, they're definitely on my Christmas list. Sophie Rundle's Fiona is very much off the beaten track of female investigators that I've seen on television over the years. She puts her foot in her mouth, she's smart, she's the kind of persistent that could be self-destructive. Some of her ideas may be deemed fanciful by others, and her boss accuses her of over-reaching when she follows leads on her own — she's impatient and hates having to wait for a directive from upstairs instead of just getting the job done. All of that serves to round out her character very quickly — perhaps a little rushed in places, considering that the episode is only 40 minutes long. Having a main character with a history of psychosis opens the narrative — and the adaptors of that narrative — up to many issues surrounding the portrayal of mental health and recovery in the media and on television.


I would like to know if SBB will be updated rather quickly with FiF cards when it will be released or it gonna take some time like for DvN?
Re: When FiF get released, will SBB be ready?
That is for Pixel to answer.
hasnt been posted on in forever, but it seems to be the same topic, and i was wondering if the answer has changed in the meantime.
Now that 39 out of 41 cards (and both mages) have been revealed, how soon can we start building decks with FiF online. I'd love to have some decks set up before i get my copy.
Since I havent heard otherwise, I am guessing that the program wont be updated with FiF cards until weeks after i get my copy. But if i'm wrong, i'd love to find out early.
I have been bugging the AW folks for the card images and card data for a while. I will bug them again.
Any updates on this front?
The data has been processed and the new Mages are in the system. I just need to get the card PDFs so I can process them.


text:
Posts Tagged 'postage stamp'
2018 Ig Nobel Prizes
Posted: September 16, 2018 in Uncategorized
Tags: biology, cannibal, Cannibalism, chemistry, chimpanzee, colonoscopy, Erection, fruit fly, Ig Nobel, kidney stone, nutrition, paleo diet, postage stamp, primate, psychology, road rage, roller coaster, salica, science, self-colonoscopy, urology, voodoo, voodoo doll, Wine
cientific studies on the cleaning power of spit, a lone fruit fly's ability to spoil wine, and cannibals' caloric intake garnered top honors at the 28th Ig Nobel Prize ceremony. The seriously silly citations, which "honor achievements that first make people laugh, and then think," were awarded on Sept. 13 at Harvard University's Sanders Theatre. Entertaining emcee Marc Abrahams and the savvy satirists of the Annals of Improbable Research produced the ceremony.
The coveted Chemistry Prize went to Portuguese researchers who quantified the cleaning power of human saliva. Nearly 30 years ago, conservators Paula Romão and Adília Alarcão teamed up with late University of Lisbon chemist César Viana to find out why conservators preferred their own saliva to any other solvent for cleaning certain objects—with the goal of finding a more hygienic substitute. Compared with popular solvents, saliva was the superior cleaning agent, particularly for gilded surfaces. The researchers attributed the polishing power to the enzyme α-amylase and suggested solutions of this hydrolase might achieve a spit shine similar to spit (Stud. Conserv. 1990, DOI: 10.1179/sic.1990.35.3.153).
A fruit fly in a glass of wine is always an unwelcome guest. But it turns out that as little as 1 ng of Drosophila melanogaster's pheromone (Z)-4-undecenal can spoil a glass of pinot blanc. That discovery, from researchers led by Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences' Peter Witzgall, received the Ig Nobel's Biology Prize. Only female fruit flies carry the pheromone, so males can swim in spirits without delivering the offending flavor, but the Newscripts gang still prefers to drink wine without flies (J. Chem. Ecol. 2018, DOI: 10.1007/s10886-018-0950-4).
Putting the paleo diet in a new perspective, University of Brighton archaeologist James Cole took home the Nutrition Prize for calculating that Paleolithic people consumed fewer calories from a human-cannibalism diet than from a traditional meat diet. Thus, Cole concludes, Paleolithic cannibals may have dined on their companions for reasons unrelated to their nutritional needs (Sci. Rep. 2017, DOI: 10.1038/srep44707).
A team led by Wilfrid Laurier University psychologist Lindie H. Liang won the Economics Prize "for investigating whether it is effective for employees to use voodoo dolls to retaliate against abusive bosses." Push in some pins: The findings indicate voodoo doll retaliations make employees feel better (Leadership Q. 2018, DOI: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.01.004).
The Newscripts gang previously reported about this year's winners of the Ig Nobel for medicine, physicians Marc Mitchell and David Wartinger, who found that riding roller coasters can help people pass kidney stones (J. Am. Osteopath. Assoc.2016, DOI: 10.7556/jaoa.2016.128).
The Reproductive Medicine Prize went to urologists John Barry, Bruce Blank, and Michel Boileau, who, in 1980, used postage stamps t
o test nocturnal erections, described in their study "Nocturnal Penile Tumescence Monitoring with Stamps" (Urol. 1980, DOI: 10.1016/0090-4295(80)90414-8).
The Ig Nobel committee also gave out a Medical Education Prize this year, to gastroenterologist Akira Horiuchi for the report "Colonoscopy in the Sitting Position: Lessons Learned from Self-Colonoscopy" (Gastrointest. Endoscopy 2006, DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2005.10.014).
Lund University cognitive scientists Gabriela-Alina Sauciuc and coworkers claimed the Anthropology Prize "for collecting evidence, in a zoo, that chimpanzees imitate humans about as often, and about as well, as humans imitate chimpanzees" (Primates 2017, DOI: 10.1007/s10329-017-0624-9).
For a landmark paper documenting that most people don't read the instruction manual when using complicated products, a Queensland University of Technology team led by Alethea L. Blackler garnered the Literature Prize (Interact. Comp. 2014, DOI: 10.1093/iwc/iwu023).
And finally, the Ig Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to a team from the University of Valencia's University Research Institute on Traffic & Road Safety "for measuring the frequency, motivation, and effects of shouting and cursing while driving an automobile" (J. Sociol. Anthropol. 2016, DOI: 10.12691/jsa-1-1-1).
The Ig Nobel ceremony can be viewed in its entirety at youtube.com/improbableresearch, and National Public Radio's "Science Friday" will air an edited recording of the ceremony on the day after U.S. Thanksgiving.
https://cen.acs.org/people/awards/2018-Ig-Nobel-Prizes/96/i37

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Posted April 30, 2011 by AWMWC
The brother of the Syrian president slaps the political and media adviser of the President of Syria and a Syrian female journalist accuses "Aljazeera" of betraying the ethics of journalism
By Iqbal Tamimi Prominent Syrian media women became part of controversial headlines lately. Al-Seyassah, the Kuwaiti newspaper, has published a news article, claiming that the brother of the Syrian president, Maher Al-Assad, has slapped the... Read more
Jazeera Arabic has 1m Facebook fans
Doha: Al Jazeera has reached more than one million fans on its Arabic Facebook page making it the first and only Arabic news channel to do so
in Opinion
"I was wrong to oppose military intervention in Libya – wrong, wrong, wrong"
Yvonne Ridley, a British journalist and a colleague member of Arab Women Media Watch Centre, explains from Benghazi in eastern Libya why she was wrong to oppose Western intervention in Libya, which she now accepts was necessary to avoid the... Read more
in Poetry & Literature
Do not open the diary
By Iqbal Tamimi Do not open the diary: I'm afraid the birds Carrying the sugar plantations under their wings Will fly away
The top Tweeter in the Arab World is a woman and she is a Queen
By Iqbal Tamimi The names of the top 10 influential Arab tweeters were published by Arabian Business today, the first position was occupied by a woman and a queen
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Qualitative humanities research is crucial to AI
Following the thread of any seemingly quantitative issue in AI ethics (such as determining if software to rate loan applicants is racially biased or evaluating YouTube's recommendation system) quickly leads to a host of qualitative questions. Unfortunately, there is often a large divide between computer scientists and social scientists, with over-simplified assumptions and fundamental misunderstandings of one another.
Louisa Bartolo and Rachel Thomas
Qualitative research helps us evaluate AI systems beyond short term metrics
Small-scale qualitative studies tell an important story even (and perhaps especially) when they seem to contradict large-scale 'objective' studies
Qualitative research sheds light on the context of data annotation
"All research is qualitative; some is also quantitative" Harvard Social Scientist and Statistician Gary King
Suppose you wanted to find out whether a machine learning system being adopted - to recruit candidates, lend money, or predict future criminality - exhibited racial bias. You might calculate model performance across groups with different races. But how was race categorised– through a census record, a police officer's guess, or by an annotator? Each possible answer raises another set of questions. Following the thread of any seemingly quantitative issue around AI ethics quickly leads to a host of qualitative questions. Throughout AI, qualitative decisions are made about what metrics to optimise for, which categories to use, how to define their bounds, who applies the labels. Similarly, qualitative research is necessary to understand AI systems operating in society: evaluating system performance beyond what can be captured in short term metrics, understanding what is missed by large-scale studies (which can elide details and overlook outliers), and shedding light on the circumstances in which data is produced (often by crowd-sourced or poorly paid workers).
Attempting to measure racial bias leads to qualitative questions
Unfortunately, there is often a large divide between computer scientists and social scientists, with over-simplified assumptions and fundamental misunderstandings of one another. Even when cross-disciplinary partnerships occur, they often fall into "normal disciplinary divisions of labour: social scientists observe, data scientists make; social scientists do ethics, data scientists do science; social scientists do the incalculable, data scientists do the calculable." The solution is not for computer scientists to absorb a shallow understanding of the social sciences, but for deeper collaborations. In a paper on exclusionary practices in AI ethics, an interdisciplinary team wrote of the "indifference, devaluation, and lack of mutual support between CS and humanistic social science (HSS), [which elevates] the myth of technologists as 'ethical unicorns' that can do it all, though their disciplinary tools are ultimately limited."
There are challenges when mixing computer scientsits with social scientists. (Gallery Britto image under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International)
This is further reflected in an increasing number of job ads for AI ethicists that list a computer science degree as a requirement, "prioritising technical computer science infrastructure over the social science skills that can evaluate AI's social impact. In doing so, we are building the field of AI Ethics to replicate the very flaws this field is trying to fix." Interviews with 26 responsible AI practitioners working in industry highlighted a number of challenges, including that qualitative work was not prioritised. Not only is it impossible to fully understand ethics issues solely through quantitative metrics, inappropriate and misleading quantitative metrics are used to evaluate the responsible AI practitioners themselves. Interviewees reported that their fairness work was evaluated on metrics related to generating revenue, in a stark misalignment of goals.
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When companies like Google and YouTube want to test whether the recommendations they are making (in the form of search engine results or YouTube videos, for example) are "good" - they will often focus quite heavily on "engagement" or "dwell time" - the time a user spent looking at or watching the item recommended to them. But it turns out, unsurprisingly, that a focus on engagement and dwell time, narrowly understood, raises all sorts of problems. Demographics can impact dwell time (e.g. older users may spend longer on websites than younger users, just as part of the way they use the internet). A system that 'learns' from a user's behavioural cues (rather than their 'stated preferences') might lock them into a limiting feedback loop, appealing to that user's short term interests rather than those of their 'Better Selves.' Scholars have called for more qualitative research to understand user experience and build this into the development of metrics.
This is the part where people will point out, rightly, that companies like Google and YouTube rely on a complex range of metrics and signals in their machine learning systems - and that where a website ranks on Google, or how a YouTube video performs in recommendation does not boil down to simple popularity metrics, like engagement. Google employs an extensive process to determine "relevance" and "usefulness" for search results. In its 172-page manual for search result 'Quality' evaluation, for example, the company explains how evaluators should assess a website's 'Expertise/ Authoritativeness/ Trustworthiness' or 'E-A-T'; and what types of content, by virtue of its harmful nature (e.g., to protected groups), should be given a 'low' ranking. YouTube has identified specific categories of content (such as news, scientific subjects, and historical information) for which 'authoritativeness' should be considered especially important. It has also determined that dubious-but-not-quite-rule-breaking information (what it calls 'borderline content') should not be recommended, regardless of the video's engagement levels.
Irrespective of how successful we consider the existing approaches of Google Search and YouTube to be (and partly, the issue is that evaluating their implementation from the outside is frustratingly difficult), the point here is that there are constant qualitative judgments being made, about what makes a search result or recommendation "good" and of how to define and quantify expertise, authoritativeness, trustworthiness, borderline content, and other values. This is true of all machine learning evaluation, even when it isn't explicit. In a paper guiding companies about how to carry out internal audits of their AI systems, Inioluwa Deborah Raji and colleagues emphasise the importance of interviews with management and engineering teams to "capture and pay attention to what falls outside the measurements and metrics, and to render explicit the assumptions and values the metrics apprehend." (p.40).
The importance of thoughtful humanities research is heightened if we are serious about grappling with the potential broader social effects of machine learning systems (both good and bad), which are often delayed, distributed and cumulative.
Hypothetically, let's say you wanted to find out whether the use of AI technologies by doctors during a medical appointment would make doctors less attentive to patients - what do you think the best way of doing it would be? You could find some criteria and method for measuring 'attentiveness', say tracking the amount of eye contact between the doctor and patient, and analyse this across a representative sample of medical appointments where AI technologies were being used, compared to a control group of medical appointments where AI technologies weren't being used. Or would you interview doctors about their experiences using the technology during appointments? Or talk to patients about how they felt the technology did, or didn't, impact their experience?
In research circles, we describe these as 'epistemological' choices - your judgement of what constitutes the 'best' approach is inextricably linked to your judgement about how we can claim to 'know' something. These are all valid methods for approaching the question, but you can imagine how they might result in different, even conflicting, insights. For example, you might end up with the following results: - The eye contact tracking experiment suggests that overall, there is no significant difference in doctors' attentiveness to the patient when the AI tech is introduced. - The interviews with doctors and patients reveal that some doctors and patients feel that the AI technology reduces doctors' attentiveness to patients, and others feel that it makes no difference or even increases doctors' attention to the patient.
Even if people are not negatively impacted by something 'on average' (e.g., in our hypothetical eye contact tracking experiment above), there will remain groups of people who will experience negative impacts, perhaps acutely so. "Many of people's most pressing questions are about effects that vary for different people," write Matias, Pennington and Chan in a recent paper on the idea of N-of-one trials. To tell people that their experiences aren't real or valid because they don't meet some threshold for statistical significance across a large population doesn't help us account for the breadth and nature of AI's impacts on the world.
Examples of this tension between competing claims to knowledge about AI systems' impacts abound. Influencers who believe they are being systematically downranked ('shadowbanned') by Instagram's algorithmic systems are told by Instagram that this simply isn't true. Given the inscrutability of these proprietary algorithmic systems, it is impossible for influencers to convincingly dispute Instagram's claims. Kelley Cotter refers to this as a form of "black box gaslighting": platforms can "leverage perceptions of their epistemic authority on their algorithms to undermine users' confidence in what they know about algorithms and destabilise credible criticism." Her interviews with influencers give voice to stakeholder concerns and perspectives that are elided in Instagram's official narrative about its systems. The mismatch between different stakeholders' accounts of 'reality' is instructive. For example, a widely-cited paper by Netflix employees claims that Netflix recommendation "influences choice for about 80% of hours streamed at Netflix." But this claim stands in stark contrast to Mattias Frey's mixed-methods research (representative survey plus small sample for interviews) run with UK and US adults, in which less than 1 in 5 adults said they primarily relied on Netflix recommendations when deciding what films to watch. Even if this is because users underestimate their reliance on recommender systems, that's a critically important finding - particularly when we're trying to regulate recommendation and so many are advocating providing better user-level controls as a check on platform power. Are people really going to go to the trouble of changing their settings if they don't think they rely on algorithmic suggestions that much anyway?
Machine learning systems rely on vast amounts of data. In many cases, for that data to be useful, it needs to be labelled/ annotated. For example, a hate speech classifier (an AI-enabled tool used to identify and flag potential cases of hate speech on a website) relies on huge datasets of text labelled as 'hate speech' or 'not hate speech' to 'learn' how to spot hate speech. But it turns out that who is doing the annotating and in what context they're doing it, matters. AI-powered content moderation is often held up as the solution to harmful content online. What has continued to be underplayed is the extent to which those automated systems are and most likely will remain dependent on the manual work of human content moderators sifting through some of the worst and most traumatic online material to power the machine learning datasets on which automated content moderation depends. Emily Denton and her colleagues highlight the significance of annotators' social identity (e.g., race, gender) and their expertise when it comes to annotation tasks, and they point out the risks associated with overlooking these factors and simply 'aggregating' results as 'ground truth' rather than properly exploring disagreements between annotators and the important insights that this kind of disagreement might offer.
Behind the Screen, by Sarah T. Roberts, and Netflix Reccomends, by Mattias Frey
Human commercial content moderators (such as the people that identify and remove violent and traumatic imagery on Facebook) often labour in terrible conditions, lacking psychological support or appropriate financial compensation. The interview-based research of Sarah T. Roberts has been pioneering in highlighting these conditions. Most demand for crowdsourced digital labour comes from the Global North, yet the majority of these workers are based in the Global South and receive low wages. Semi-structured interviews reveal the extent to which workers feel unable to bargain effectively for better pay in the current regulatory environment. As Mark Graham and his colleagues point out, these findings are hugely important in a context where several governments and supranational development organisations like the World Bank are holding up digital work as a promising tool to fight poverty.
The decision of how to measure 'race' in machine learning systems is highly consequential, especially in the context of existing efforts to evaluate these systems for their "fairness." Alex Hanna, Emily Denton, Andrew Smart and Jamila Smith-Loud have done crucial work highlighting the limitation of machine learning systems that rely on official records of race or their proxies (e.g. census records), noting that the racial categories provided by such records are "unstable, contingent, and rooted in racial inequality." The authors emphasise the importance of conducting research in ways that prioritise the perspectives of the marginalised racial communities that fairness metrics are supposed to protect. Qualitative research is ideally placed to contribute to a consideration of "race" in machine learning systems that is grounded in the lived experiences and needs of the racially subjugated.
Collaborations between quantitative and qualitative researchers are valuable in understanding AI ethics from all angles.
Consider reading more broadly, outside your particular area. Perhaps using the links and researchers listed here as starting points. They're just a sliver of the wealth that's out there. You could also check out the Social Media Collective's Critical Algorithm Studies reading list, the reading list provided by the LSE Digital Ethnography Collective, and Catherine Yeo's suggestions.
Strike up conversations with researchers in other fields, and consider the possibility of collaborations. Find a researcher slightly outside your field but whose work you broadly understand and like, and follow them on Twitter. With any luck, they will share more of their work and help you identify other researchers to follow. Collaboration can be an incremental process: Consider inviting the researcher to form part of a discussion panel, reach out to say what you liked and appreciated about their work and why, and share your own work with them if you think it's aligned with their interests.
Within your university or company, is there anything you could do to better reward or facilitate interdisciplinary work? As Humanities Computing Professor Willard McCarty notes, somewhat discouragingly, "professional reward for genuinely interdisciplinary research is rare." To be sure, individual researchers and practitioners have to be prepared to put themselves out there, compromise and challenge themselves - but carefully tailored institutional incentives and enablers matter.


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Tony Podesta
Founding Chairman, American Australian Council
Founder, Podesta Group
Tony Podesta is founder of the Podesta Group, the largest independent government relations and public relations firm in Washington, D.C.
A former articles editor of the Law Review at Georgetown University, Podesta served as an assistant U.S. Attorney in the District of Columbia. Earlier, he was director of admissions and a political science instructor at Barat College of the Sacred Heart in Lake Forest, Illinois.
During the 1980's Podesta served as founding president of People for the American Way, the constitutional liberties organization founded by television producer Norman Lear and prominent clergy, educators, business executives and civic leaders.
He has appeared on major broadcast and cable networks and his writings on governmental, legal, educational, economic, and cultural issues have been published in The New York Times, Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, Newsday, Baltimore Sun and other leading newspapers.
A former counsel to the late Senator Edward M. Kennedy and a frequent advisor to former President Bill Clinton, Podesta has provided leadership and strategic guidance to a host of politicians.
Podesta takes an active role with many civic and arts groups nationwide having served as co-chair of the Community and Friends Board of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, as chairman of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum Photography Committee, former board member of the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden as well as the National Museum of Women in the Arts, as a member of the Presidential Committee on the Arts and Humanities under President Clinton, a board member for the MIT List Visual Arts Center and as a member of the National Board of the Contemporary Art Museum of St. Louis.
He received his B.A. from the University of Illinois at Chicago, was a Ph.D. candidate at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and received a J.D. from the Georgetown University Law Center. He served as student body president at the University of Illinois' Chicago campus and in 2006 was inducted into the university's Navy Pier Hall of Fame for distinguished alumni.
Podesta grew up in Chicago's Third-Ninth Ward as the eldest child in a family with roots in Italy and Greece.
Australia and the United States share a common language, common interests and common values. For Americans, Australia is always an ally we can count on, from Pearl Harbor through 9/11, as well as a leading trading partner. For a political junkie like me, Australia is also an endless source of fascination for the free-wheeling campaign culture that characterizes our fellow democracy.
© 2019 American Australian Council
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Miley Cyrus Gives Classic Christmas Song A Feminist Spin [Video]
daniel December 21, 2018
On Thursday night, Miley Cyrus made an appearance on "The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon" to perform a skit with Jimmy.
The performance was to be a sketch performing "Santa Baby", which was originally sung by Eartha Kitt. Apparently, this song is offensive to Miley now, but singing about drugs and sex and not being fully dressed is much less offensive than a 65-year-old Christmas song talking about what the lady wants for Christmas.
"I think I might need to change some of these lyrics," she told Jimmy immediately before they were set to perform it. Elaborating about the lyrics she says, "Am I saying I'm going to hook up with Santa if he buys me all this stuff?"
As they get into the performance, it becomes apparent that feminism has infiltrated the lyrics as Miley sings about,
"Listen, Santa, to what I say: A girl's best friend is equal pay," she performed. "So, stop interrupting me when I talk, and don't text me pictures of your… "
"Santa baby, I'd love to know my a– won't get grabbed at work," she added, "by some ignorant jerk."
You can watch the performance below.
https://youtu.be/rPdXgCq_Rlg
This is the second song this year to come under fire for being inappropriate. The other being, "Baby, It's Cold Outside".
Earlier this month, many radio stations pulled the Christmas classic from the air, because it somehow promotes "sexual misconduct" as it's been caught up in this ridiculous #MeToo movement where the popular thing to do now is for women to label every sexual encounter, or anytime a man flirts with them as rape.
However, one Kentucky radio station made their position known by playing the Christmas classic back to back for two hours.
Compare the lyrics of Baby It's Cold Outside or Santa Baby to one of the most popular songs of 2018,
Drake – In My Feelings
"Bring that a**, bring that a**, bring that a** back
B-bring that a**, bring that a**, bring that a** back
Shawty say the n***a that she with can't hit
But shawty, I'ma hit it, hit it like I can't miss
(Clap that a**, you're the only one I love)
(Clap that a**, clap, clap)
Bring that a** back
(Let's go, let's go)
Bring that ass back"
Ok, so he's using a racial slur and sexually assaulting a woman, but everyone loves the song. The song even went viral because of the whole "Kiki challenge."
But this is entirely more appropriate and accepted? Absurd, America. Absurd.
Photo Credit: YouTube/NBC
President Trump Tells Mitch McConnell To Use Nuclear Option In Funding The Wall
Sarah Huckabee Sanders Puts The Smack Down On Senate Democrats


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Liolaemus meraxes — вид ігуаноподібних ящірок родини Liolaemidae. Ендемік Аргентини. Описаний у 2019 році.

Поширення і екологія
Liolaemus meraxes відомі з типової місцевості, розташованої в районі , в департаменті  в провінції Мендоса.

Примітки

Liolaemidae
Тварини, описані 2019
Плазуни Аргентини
Ендемічна фауна Аргентини

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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nhow is the place to be.
Feel the music, art & fashion and experience the nhow-feeling. Europe's first music hotel directly at the Spree river.
The nhow Berlin hotel is a design classic in the ultra-trendy area between Friedrichshain and Kreuzberg in Berlin. Bars, cafés, restaurants, shops and clubs are all part of the lively hub here. You'll experience astonishing design, special service and a unique stay in Europe's first hotel dedicated music. Be it international cuisine in Fabrics, fresh cocktails in Envy bar, or breathtaking views of the river Spree from the terrace – nhow is the place to be!
nhow Berlin
Stralauer Allee 3
300m to metro S/U-Bahn Warschauer Straße, 1 stop to Ostbahnhof train station, 3 stops to Alexanderplatz and the city center
on the River Spree, by Oberbaumbrücke bridge
easy walk to the Berlin Wall's East Side Gallery, MTV Berlin and Universal Music
clubs such as the famous Berghain, Watergate, Salon zur Wilden Renate, Badeschiff and venues such as Mercedes-Benz-Arena Berlin and RAW Gelände are all nearby
The hotel's GPS Coordinates: 52.501296°N 13.450797°E
Parking: Offsite, free. Onsite €16/day
Click here to get directions.
From Warschauer Straße: Turn right twice until you get to the Stralauer Allee; The Hotel is on the right site.
Closest metro station: Warschauer Straße (U1, S3, S5, S7, and S75)
You can choose between a single ticket (3,40€), a day ticket (7,70€) or a ticket for a week (37,50€). Within the ticket price, you can take the train and the bus in all sectors (ABC).
Click here for a Berlin Metro map.
From the Airport Tegel: Take the bus TXL, which departs every 20 minutes, to get to the central station "Berlin Hauptbahnhof". From there, please take the S5 or the S75 for the station "Warschauer Straße". Taxi: It's a 20-25 minute trip and is around €30.
From the Airport Schönefeld: From the Airport Schönefeld: Take the S9, which departs every 20 minutes, for the station "Ostkreuz". From there please switch the trains and use the S5 for the station "Warschauer Straße". The Hotel is on the right site at Stralauer Allee. It's a 40 minute trip. Taxi: It's a 30 minute trip and is around €50.
You can choose between a single ticket (3,40€), a day ticket (7,70€) or a ticket for a week (37,50€). Within the ticket price, you can take the train and the bus in all sectors (ABC). You can choose between a single ticket (2,80€), a day ticket (7,00€) or a ticket for a week (30,00€). Within the ticket price, you can take the train and the bus in sector A and B.


It would have been the first 100 per cent community-owned renewable power project in North America.
Located just south of Swift Current, Sask., the $90-million project would have generated 35 megawatts (MW) of electricity from wind turbines and solar panels with electricity sold to the provincial utility, SaskPower.
But SaskPower had other plans for the region — specifically, a $700-million natural gas power station.
On Dec. 2, it was announced that the gas power station — which will emit one million tonnes of greenhouse gases annually, equivalent to putting 211,000 cars on the road for a year — wouldn't require a federal environmental assessment.
Two days later, SaskWind, the provincial wind energy association and key promoter of the proposed Swift Current wind and solar project, shut down after four years of operation.
The gas-fired power plant is proposed to open in 2019 just northwest of Swift Current and generate 350 MW, ten times more electricity than the renewable project.
The Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency's decision not to review the gas power station was the final straw for SaskWind, Glennie told DeSmog Canada in an interview.
Many other factors added up to "stonewall" his organization's push for community-owned wind power, despite the fact that Saskatchewan has an excellent wind resource.
SaskPower and the provincial government "refused to acknowledge our existence in four years," Glennie said.
The story of SaskWind's failed push for community-led renewable energy is about much more than one lost wind project — it's about how better, cheaper, more sustainable and more democratic energy choices are pushed aside to maintain the status quo.
It's a problem that's plagued many of Canada's provinces, like B.C. where a primary focus on hydroelectric development has forced out wind and solar power producers, or Ontario where large-scale nuclear and hydro kept small-scale and community-led energy production at bay for years.
Saskatchewan's community-led wind projects could help the province break the spell, but first they'd have to be given the chance.
Glennie's dream of a community-owned wind project in Saskatchewan seemed like a win-win-win. Job creation, emissions reductions and provincial profit retention are among the many benefits SaskWind outlines on its website.
But the province put up two big barriers, according to Glennie.
First, SaskPower has historically prioritized fossil fuel projects. Second, the province prioritizes utility-scale energy production (around 50 MW or larger) to the exclusion of smaller, community-led initiatives.
In 2015, 42 per cent of Saskatchewan's power came from coal-fired power plants and 34 per cent from natural gas. Only 2.9 per cent was generated by wind.
Rather than switching to less polluting forms of energy, the province has focused heavily on the controversial technique of carbon capture and storage (CCS) and building new natural gas power plants.
Carbon capture and storage is a process which captures carbon emissions primarily from coal-fired power plants for sequestration underground or to be used in oil and gas recovery. But the technology, which is costly, hasn't been able to achieve the full-scale commercial success industry hoped.
In recent years 43 CCS projects worldwide have been cancelled, put on hold or simply gone dormant.
SaskPower's carbon capture and storage project at the Boundary Dam coal power plant, which the province promised would provide "clean" coal-powered electricity, cost nearly $1.5 billion to build, effectively doubling the cost of power from $0.06 per kilowatt hour (kWh) to $0.12 per kWh from the facility.
SaskPower has since received multiple approvals for rate increases from the provincial government.
"It's certainly not competitive with wind," says Mark Bigland-Pritchard, co-author of the report SaskPower's Carbon Capture Project What Risk? What Reward?
According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), the levelised cost of new generation capacity for coal with CCS is $139.50 per megawatt hour. Natural gas costs $55.80 per megawatt hour, but doesn't include any price on carbon.
Meanwhile, wind power costs $58.50 per megawatt hour, or about 42 per cent of the price of coal with CCS.
Brett Dolter, vice-president at the Canadian Society for Ecological Economics, says carbon capture on coal is "one of the priciest ways to meet emissions reductions" and that it would be far more prudent to increase wind capacity and use gas and hydro as backup.
This is where the second source of "stonewalling" community-owned wind power comes in.
Saskatchewan has set a target of 50 per cent generation capacity from renewables by 2030, requiring an increase of wind power from five per cent of capacity to 30 per cent.
SaskPower is explicitly looking for utility-scale wind projects, mostly between 100 and 200 MW.
That clearly discounts organizations like SaskWind.
"By definition there are none in the province that [qualify]," Glennie says.
A report by Adrienne Baker of Canadian Clean Energy Conferences noted this process could result in "many developers competing for a relatively small number of contracts," with the implication being that resulting contracts would be for large megawatt wind farms, rather than community-scale projects.
Procuring wind with big request for proposal (RFP) tender processes has indeed worked; Hornung notes there's been 10,000 MW of wind installed across the country in the last decade.
That's come mostly from utility-scale wind farms owned by the likes of EDF Énergies Nouvelles, Capital Power, TransAlta and Brookfield Renewable Power. Nova Scotia did see significant success with its feed-in tariff for community-owned renewables (which was recently cancelled by the provincial Liberals).
"The procurement processes that we have in Canada that tend to focus very much on securing the lowest-cost power does tend to favour in a relative sense the utility-scale projects because they can capture some economies of scale that community-scale projects can't," Hornung said.
A 177 MW utility-scale wind project recently on the table in southwestern Saskatchewan was projected to cost $355 million, or one MW for every $2 million in capital costs. That's a cheaper relative investment compared to the proposed 30 MW Swift Current project, at $90 million, or one MW for every $3 million in upfront investment.
Yet there can be significant downsides to a top-down approach that can push community-level concerns to the wayside.
For one, it doesn't generate as many local jobs; a 2014 report by the Institute for Local Self-Reliance indicated that community-owned wind projects create an average of twice as many jobs as "absentee-owned wind projects."
Because of this, there is some tension between large-scale wind energy producers represented by CanWEA, which include major players like TransAlta, Brookfield and Enbridge, and community wind energy advocates like SaskWind.
For Glennie, not having that community component can be detrimental to wind energy projects, something Ontario has experienced over the last decade.
There are now dozens of anti-wind organizations in Ontario, which boasts 3,923 MW in generation capacity from wind.
In late September, Ontario scrapped $3.8 billion of planned renewable procurements amid severe anti-wind backlash. Only two weeks later, a NAFTA tribunal awarded $28 million to Windstream Energy LLC after Ontario deferred plans for offshore wind development in 2011.
As Chris Turner noted in a 2015 article for The Walrus, Ontario's Green Energy Act has been made "effectively defunct" and the key feed-in tariff gone.
Turner argued that much of the failure of the province's Green Energy Act has to do with the institutional culture of massive Crown corporations, which tended to focus on large-scale nuclear and hydro projects at the expense of decentralized renewables.
Apparently the same type of "fiefdom," as Turner calls it, is present in Saskatchewan.
"SaskPower is still built on that old sort of command-and-control approach that so many utilities have," Bigland-Pritchard says.
There is already indication that some of the mistakes made with wind energy in Ontario could be repeated in Saskatchewan. In mid-September, an Ontario-based wind company planning to build the aforementioned 177 MW wind farm in southwestern Saskatchewan was rebuffed by local environmentalists concerned about impacts on migratory birds.
SaskPower plans to relocate the project.
It may be a sign of things to come.
"I don't understand what the thinking was in SaskPower's mind when they rejected [community-owned projects]," says Cathy Sproule, NDP opposition critic for the environment and SaskPower.
A SaskPower spokesperson notes that 20 MW of solar will be added to the grid by 2021 via community-based projects, with another 20 MW from First Nations communities.
That's a practical objective: southeast Saskatchewan, where many of the coal-fired power plants are located, is one of the sunniest places in Canada, making it an excellent spot for solar.
But electricity demand in Saskatchewan peaks in the winter, and solar output is lowest then because of fewer hours of sunlight. Conversely, wind speeds are highest in the winter.
"Community ownership might be almost more of a social acceptance strategy than an economic strategy," Dolter says.


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Linenhall Arts Centre World Cinema Screenings
21st February 2020 5 Mins Read
Castlebar's Linenhall Arts Centre Film Club holds its world cinema screening every second Tuesday. The film club provides a great way to access foreign, arthouse film in the West of Ireland in a cinematic setting.
Linenhall Film Club is affiliated to Access Cinema. Access Cinema is a national resource organisation for regional cultural cinema, and is a member of the International Federation of Film Societies.
The Souvenir on February 25th @ 8pm
Julie is a shy film student from a privileged background, who wants to use her work to better understand the realities of the world. When she meets the older and mysterious Anthony, Julie finds herself caught up in her first serious love affair. Director Joanna Hogg re-imagines some of her own real-life experiences in a film that explores many subjects including art and memory, as well as romance and love. Featuring a breakout performance from Honor Swinton Byrne, The Souvenir is refreshingly honest and beautifully devastating.
"The Souvenir does many things so exquisitely, it's hard to know where to begin." – Joshua Rothkopf, Time Out
"… mysterious, seductive, thrillingly controlled…" – Robbie Collin, The Daily Telegraph
Marianne & Leonard: Words of Love on March 3rd @ 8pm
Marianne & Leonard: Words of Love is a beautiful yet tragic love story between Leonard Cohen and his Norwegian muse Marianne Ihlen. The film follows their relationship from the early days on Hydra in the 1960s, a humble time of 'free love' and open marriage, to how their love evolved when Leonard became a successful musician. It was on Hydra in 1968 that director Nick Broomfield first met Marianne, who introduced him to Cohen's music and also encouraged Nick to make his first film.
USA 2019 102mins English language Cert: G
"Just lovely." – Kevin Maher, The Times
Monos on March 10th @ 8pm
Exiled on a remote mountainside in South America, the Monos are a group of teenage soldiers. Their job: to guard a single hostage. They have their orders but also their rituals, and when the group's leadership is tested, the dynamics shift and the few ties the Monos had to reality and the outside world dissolve. Monos is a powerful, beautifully surreal film from Director Alejandro Landes, that uses a pulsating soundtrack and visual style to provide an immersive and mesmerising experience for the viewer.
Colombia/Argentina/Netherlands/Germany/Sweden/Uruguay 2019 102mins Cert: 15A
English/Spanish (with English subtitles)
"Haunting, challenging, affecting, alarming and utterly mesmerising.'' – Mark Kermode, Observer
"Easily one of the best films of 2019.'' – Tara Brady, The Irish Times
Sons of Denmark (Danmarks sønner) on March 24th @8PM
One year after a bomb attack in Copenhagen, ethnic tensions are running high. Angered by the rising anti-Islamic climate, 19-year-old Muslim Zakaria is recruited by neighbourhood elder Hassan, and placed under the watchful eye of Ali. Eager but naive, Zakaria becomes entangled in a violent plot against a dangerous far-right leader. Ulaa Salim's debut is a provocative, politically charged thriller.
Denmark 2019 123mins Cert: 15 Danish/Arabic with English subtitles
" … gels politics, family and police procedural into a fiery thriller." – Kaleem Aftab, Cineuropa
"An ambitious, provocative, politically charged thriller." – Neil Young, Hollywood Reporter
Transit on April 7th @ 8PM
Like many others, German refugee Georg has fled Paris to escape the impending war. He has assumed the identity of a famous but deceased writer, and plans to use the man's documentation to obtain a transit visa and immigrate to Mexico. But when Georg encounters the dead man's wife in Marseille, he finds himself dangerously drawn to her. Although the story is anchored in the past, director Christian Petzold relocates events to a contemporary setting, blurring the lines between past and present. The result is a thrilling and unique piece of work.
Germany/France 2018 102mins Cert: 12A German/French language with English subtitles
"…brilliant existential thriller works like a dream…" – Peter Bradshaw, The Guardian
"By turns intimate and expansive, a thrilling, at times harrowing labyrinth of a movie." – Manohla Dargis, The New York Times
Amazing Grace on April 14th @8PM
In January 1972, Aretha Franklin made her legendary album Amazing Grace with the Southern California Community Choir and Reverend James Cleveland in the New Temple Missionary Baptist Church in Los Angeles. Recorded in two days, this live album was to become the most successful gospel record of all time. Brilliantly capturing a remarkable performer near the peak of her prodigious power, Alan Elliott and Sydney Pollack's Amazing Grace is a thrilling must-watch documentary for Aretha Franklin fans.
USA 2018 87mins Cert: G
"This is a film that revels in a titanic talent, and the details that an audio recording can never pick up. The close-ups are wonderfully intimate." – Ed Potton, The Times
"Surely the new gold standard of filmed music concerts?" – Little White Lies
Pain and Glory (Dolor y gloria) on April 21st @8PM
Veteran director Salvador Mallo currently suffers many health issues, which he blames for the creative rut he finds himself in. As he tries to recover both creatively and physically, he remembers his mother and reflects on his work, family and past loves. Antonio Banderas and Penélope Cruz reunite with award-winning director Pedro Almodóvar in his most personal film to date.
Spain 2019 113mins Cert: 16 Spanish with English subtitles
"Life meets art in Almodóvar's wistful extravaganza. The director delivers another sensuous and deeply personal gem as Banderas' ageing film-maker faces up to death." – Peter Bradshaw, The Guardian
"Every element of the film is beautifully judged." – Donald Clarke, The Irish Times
Irish Film Writer to Appear at Kildare Readers Festival
Film Ireland Still Voices Short Film Festival Director & Producer Panels
Wayne Byrne, Nightmare on Elm Street Lectures
Making Films Dublin


The Isles of Scilly Community Archaeology Group in action earlier on this year. Image courtesy of Isles of Scilly Community Archaeology Group/Facebook.
The Isles of Scilly Community Archaeology Group is to hold its final site clearance of the year this Sunday, and the Council of the Isles of Scilly have announced additional opening hours for the Porthmellon Waste & Recycling site.


text:
Q: Aggregate group after selecting distinct column combinations I have a table with ~500 million rows and 49 columns of various data types with a composite index on a non-nullable columns user_id and order_id in a SQLite database.
Multiple rows appear for the same user_id and order_id corresponding to the unique items within an order. For instance an order might look like this (excluding non-relevant columns):
  USER_ID      ORDER_ID  ORDER_TOTAL ORDER_DATE  CATEGORY  ITEM_TOTAL
---------  ------------  ----------- ----------  --------  ----------
094f077b2  47f12c149808       330.41 2015-03-01      BEER       20.30
094f077b2  47f12c149808       330.41 2015-03-01      BEER       36.23
094f077b2  47f12c149808       330.41 2015-03-01      BEER       55.03

As you can see, there are missing items from the order since the sum of the item_total does not equal the order_total.
I would like to extract the unique values of order_date, order_total and order_category for each order_id in order to compute a valid category total by date.
I have come up with the two most obvious solutions:
SELECT category, order_date, SUM(order_total)
  FROM (
    SELECT DISTINCT category, order_id, order_date, order_total
      FROM order_history
    )
  GROUP BY category, order_date
;

and
SELECT category, order_date, SUM(order_total)
  FROM (
    SELECT category, order_id, order_date, AVG(order_total)
      FROM order_history
      GROUP BY category, order_id, order_date
    )
  GROUP BY category, order_date
;

Where the AVG() could be MIN() or MAX() as well to achieve the same result. Is any one of these  preferred over the other or is there a better way in general to achieve this?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Was told it would be 20 bucks and they charged us 30.
Was told it would be 20 bucks and they charged us 30. So that was a negative. All in all this tour was good. Took a little longer than it should have.
The cave tour was completely cool.
The cave tour was completely cool. There are no words to explain the beauty within the cave. It was fantastic!! The tour guide was very knowledgeable.
Hato caves. A great area and great views. Caves fairly large.
City and cave tour. Be prepared for walking city tour walking fast and far. Was great though saw lots of the city and was even lucky enough to be on floating bridge when it opened. Caves were good but typical of most caves.
Informative city tour, I wish I remembered the woman's name.
Informative city tour, I wish I remembered the woman's name. Very knowledgeable. The cave tour operator was also great!
This was the caves and beach day.
The caves were so interesting.
The caves were so interesting. Caves are up not down, so it was very hot. The bats in the cave were certainly a surprise.
The worst experience for me was on the first day of port visits in Curacao.
Cave guide was very informative.
Another day of sightseeing. Enjoyed seeing the island from a bus, as I was not impressd enough to tour it on my own.
Lovely tour of the cave, guide was mindful of peoples ability to climb up the 45 steps.
Lovely tour of the cave, guide was mindful of peoples ability to climb up the 45 steps. well informed and friendly guide. Beautiful cave - worth visiting.
Very fun to walk through and see the stalactites and stalagmites.
Meh. Wouldn't recommend. It was disappointing and then the walking tour was okay but we had already walked the town in the morning on our own.
The farm and the caves were very cool spots and both guides there were excellent.
The farm and the caves were very cool spots and both guides there were excellent. The guide on the bus had a heavy accent making it difficult to understand her.
Hato caves were excellent and manageable even with a crutch and leg brace.
Good tour high point for me was the Iguanas in the trees as we walked to the cave.
This cave was very interesting.
This cave was very interesting. I have been in cave, but never one that warm. Our cuide did a great job. Afterward the walking tour was done well. I did some shopping .
Love it! Not too strenuous and very interesting.


almost all textual criticism scholars, liberal or conservative, believes Mark 16:9-20 isn't part of the original manuscript. This matters to Protestant version of inerrancy because this concept extends to "original manuscript" mostly. If it likely did not appear in the "original manuscript", its authority may be called into question.
RCC and EOC defines canoniicity of the Bible differently. The authority of the church and tradition is the determining factor of the authority of the Bible. So whether Mark 16:9-20 was part of the original manuscript or not, does not really matter. All that matters is that it's been used in the church as being authoritative.


text:
Upodcast- Bollywood Edition
Probably the longest running Bollywood Podcast in the world!
Bollywood film reviews, the largest collection of interviews with your favourite stars on any podcast and filmy debates.
Upodcast- Bollywood Edition Upodcast- Bollywood Edition
Film Interviews
TOLLY FOLLY SEASON 2 EPISODE 3: HAR HAR BYOMKESH & OTHER BENGALI ADAPTATIONS
Season 2 of the Tolly Folly Podcast features a Bengali icon: Byomkesh Bakshi. The various adaptations of Byomkesh, starring some of the best talents of the day, span decades of not just Bengali cinema but also Hindi film and television. Rooted in a uniquely Bengali aesthetic, the Byomkesh murder mysteries are complex sociological constructs that marry pulp with genteel morality.
In Episode Three, our season finale, we head to Kolkata to look at contemporary Bengali adaptations - of which there is a surfeit. Our main review is Arindam Sil's Har Har Byomkesh starring Abir Chatterjee but we also discuss a selection of other adaptations such as the one directed by Rituparno Ghosh as well as the several directed by Anjan Dutt which includes one starring Jisshu Sengupta as Byomkesh.
Subscribe to our Upodcast: Bollywood Edition (https://audioboom.com/channel/upodcast--bollywood-edition) feed so you don't miss Amrita, Sujoy and Beth's new limited Podcast series by clicking here (https://audioboom.com/channel/upodcast--bollywood-edition) .
Follow and subscribe to Amrita's Youtube Book channel by going here (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmyb1ZvLmaDLBsen6QQrO4A) !
Find us on Apple Podcasts (https://itunes.apple.com/gb/podcast/upodcast-bollywood-edition/id1363076296) ! and Stitcher (http://www.stitcher.com/podcast/upodcast-bollywood-edition?refid=stpr) ! and AudioBoom (https://audioboom.com/channel/upodcast--bollywood-edition) ! and iHeartRadio (http://www.iheart.com/podcast/270-Upodcast-Bollywood-Edition-29185150) ! and Spotify (https://open.spotify.com/show/67M7dSZ5lGavuPoI7IcL3n) ! and CastBox (https://castbox.fm/channel/Upodcast-Bollywood-Edition-id1213300?country=us) !
Follow us on Twitter (https://twitter.com/UpodCast) ! Like us on Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/upodcasting/) !
You can follow all of us on @AmritaIQ (https://twitter.com/amritaIQ) , Sujoy on @9e3k (https://twitter.com/9e3k) and @bethlovesbolly (https://twitter.com/bethlovesbolly)
Sujoy's instagram which has amazing shots can be found here (https://www.instagram.com/9e3k/) , we strongly recommend you follow him!
TOLLY FOLLY S2 EP2: DETECTIVE BYOMKESH BAKSHY!
In Episode Two we discuss the Hindi adaptations of Byomkesh - mainly Dibakar Banerjee's Detective Byomkesh Bakshy! (2015) starring Sushant Singh Rajput but also the TV series starring Rajit Kapoor (1993-97). Although this movie proved controversial amongst Bengalis, it is perhaps the one adaptation that comes closest to the novels' pulp roots. Anchored by excellent performances, a vibrant score, and inspired direction, DBB is perhaps this podcast's favorite Byomkesh movie.
Ep 242: Evil Eye Interviews with writer Madhuri Shekar and directors Elan and Rajeev Dassani
This episode we got a chance to speak with the team behind Amazon Studio's Blumhouse collaboration with Priyanka Chopra Jonas called "Evil Eye" - no streaming on Amazon Prime Video.
First we speak with writer Madhuri Shekhar who is mainly a playwright who wrote the Audible play the movie was then adapted from.
Then we speak with the directors of the movie, the Dassani brothers- Elan and Rajeev- who are an LA based producers, visual effects artists and directors. They've been making TV, sci fi and horror for a while.
Starring Sarita Choudhury, Sunita Mani, Omar Maskati and Bernard White, the chilling, psychological thriller Evil Eye is available to stream on Amazon Prime Video now.
Head over to the Khandaan Podcast page for a full review Evil Eye with Justin J Rao (https://audioboom.com/posts/7712803-ep-77-scam-1992-evil-eye-serious-men-and-laxmi-bomb-trailer-with-justinjrao)
You can hear me on BBC Asian Network's Big Debate talking with friend of the show Haroon Rashid and Qasa Alom about Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge's 25th anniversary by going here (https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000nmb9) . (only available for UK listeners)
The New Season of The Tolly Folly Podcast is now out: subscribe to our Upodcast: Bollywood Edition (https://audioboom.com/channel/upodcast--bollywood-edition) feed so you don't miss Amrita, Sujoy and Beth's new limited Podcast series by clicking here (https://audioboom.com/channel/upodcast--bollywood-edition) .
Follow and subscribe to Amrita's new Youtube Book channel by going here (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmyb1ZvLmaDLBsen6QQrO4A) !
Find us on Apple Podcasts (https://itunes.apple.com/gb/podcast/the-khandaan-podcast/id1362881501) ! and Stitcher (http://www.stitcher.com/podcast/upodcast/khandaan-podcast%3Frefid=stpr) ! and AudioBoom (https://audioboom.com/channels/4944450.rss) ! and iHeartRadio (http://www.iheart.com/podcast/270-The-Khandaan-Podcast-29185125) ! and Spotify (https://open.spotify.com/show/3bZLrLZHCuLDmJzgm9MPm0) ! and Google Podcasts (https://www.google.com/podcasts%3Ffeed=aHR0cHM6Ly9hdWRpb2Jvb20uY29tL2NoYW5uZWxzLzQ5NDQ0NTAucnNz) !
And now you can also listen to us on Hubhopper (https://hubhopper.com/podcast/the-khandaan-podcast/4529) !
You can follow all of us on @AmritaIQ (https://twitter.com/amritaIQ) , Sujoy on @9e3k (https://twitter.com/9e3k) and @asimburney (https://twitter.com/asimburney)
@blumhouse (https://twitter.com/blumhouse) @PrimeVideo (https://twitter.com/PrimeVideo)
@priyankachopra (https://twitter.com/priyankachopra) @PurplePebblePic (https://twitter.com/PurplePebblePic)
@dassanir (https://twitter.com/dassanir)
@elandassani (https://twitter.com/elandassani)
#WelcomeToTheBlumhouse (https://twitter.com/hashtag/WelcomeToTheBlumhouse?src=hashtag_click) #EvilEyeMovie (https://twitter.com/hashtag/EvilEyeMovie?src=hashtag_click)
TOLLY FOLLY S2.E1 SATYAJIT RAY'S CHIRIYAKHANA (1967)
In Episode One we discuss Satyajit Ray's Chiriyakhana (1967) starring podcast favorite Uttam Kumar. The first cinematic adaptation of the popular series, this is an uneven film that requires multiple viewings to make sense. Join us as we dive deep into the history of this controversial film.
Tolly Folly Ep 3 - Aandhi - Nayak
Tolly Folly, our limited run podcast about Bengali film, anchored by Sujoy, Beth, and Amrita, concludes with this third episode featuring two separate performances by Suchitra Sen in AANDHIi and Uttam Kumar in NAYAK.
Aandhi (1975) is counted as one of the most successful films helmed by Gulzar and is frequently lauded for the leading performances by Suchitra and Sanjeev Kumar. The movie was a controversial fictionalized take on the life of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and spoke about the difficulties faced by women with ambition in a patriarchal society.
Nayak (1966) was a rare Uttam collaboration with Satyajit Ray and is a meditation on celebrity. One of the finest films ever made, Nayak remains relevant to this day and features an incredible performance by Uttam. It also co-stars a wonderful Sharmila Tagore among others.
If you liked this run of Tolly Folly, we would love to hear from you. Let us know if you'd like to see this series return and what other films you'd like to see discussed.
Tolly Folly Ep 2 - Saptapadi - Chaowa Pawa
Tolly Folly, our limited run podcast about Bengali film, anchored by Sujoy, Beth, and Amrita, is back for its second episode.
Join us as we discuss two vastly different performances that live and die on the basis of the famed Uttam-Suchitra chemistry. First up is Saptapadi (1961), a classic melodrama about individual freedom and culture clash that occupies a unique spot in Bengali film. Next is Chaowa Pawa (1959), a breezy remake of the Hollywood classic, It Happened One Night.
#TollyFollyE02 - Tolly Folly - Saptapadi - Chaowa Pawa
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Before joining Grosvenor Law in 2014, Nicola practised as a barrister for 10 years, regularly appearing in the Chancery Division of the High Court, in the employment and appeals tribunals, and in the Privy Council.
Nicola specialises in complex commercial and cross-jurisdictional disputes, particularly those involving Worldwide Freezing Orders and other forms of injunction; she is regularly instructed in restrictive covenant breach and other High Court employment disputes. Nicola acts in fraud and breach of trust claims, drawing on experience defending in the Crown Courts to advise clients in commercial cases with a criminal aspect.
Nicola's approach is practical, strategic and detail-oriented; she distils large volumes of information quickly and works closely with clients towards a focussed case plan. Reputational sensitivities are a common feature in many of her cases.
Nicola is also called to the Bar in The Bahamas and has advised in relation to Bahamian law. She studied at Harvard, the LSE and Queen Mary, and speaks Swiss German and French. Nicola is a member of the Chancery Bar Association, Commercial Fraud Lawyers Association and the Employment Law Association.


Is your roof holding up to your local climate and weather?
The are several types of climate areas across the US, and each has their obstacles that building owners have to face to protect their building. In Alabama, we experience harsh weather from sun and heat to severe rain and wind.
Roof systems in Alabama have to stand up to a lot of wear and tear. In this article, we cover the top roofing problems we see in Alabama along with the top types of roofing systems Alabamians rely on to protect their buildings.
We have an office and facility in Huntsville, so we understand the needs of our fellow building owners and managers to save on energy costs. The temperature of an Alabama summer can put a drain on not only your employees and tenants, but you don't want to strain your HVAC system. Emphasizing an insulated roof system is the only way to go, to protect your building from extreme heat and overworked HVAC units.
Boy, do we have some sun here in Alabama! Prolonged exposure to the harsh sun during the summer months can age your membrane roof. The UV damage can break down a membrane faster than a roof system that is shaded.
Watch out for that storm! Your facility needs to be durable and can withstand hurricane-force winds and torrential rains. Building owners have to take into account uplift resistance and building protection from severe storms and tornadoes.
Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) is an eco-friendly roofing option for commercial, industrial and manufacturing facilities. Spray Polyurethane Foam, more commonly referred to as SPF, is a material that is sprayed as a liquid so it can expand into a foam, creating a solid layer across an existing roof.
Single-Ply Membrane is a time-tested roofing option for commercial, industrial and manufacturing facilities. Single-Ply Membranes are sheets of rubber and other synthetics that can be ballasted, mechanically fastened or chemically adhered to insulation creating a layer of protection on your commercial facility.
Metal Roofing is one of the oldest commercial roofing systems on the market. Most metal roofing systems use corrugated galvanized steel, although other materials such as aluminum or tin can also be used.
Since metal roofing material is rather light in weight, it can be installed right on top of the existing roof. After a metal roofing system is installed, a coating can be added for waterproofing, rust protection, and UV protection.
Alabama has some pretty crazy weather, but we can help you be prepared! If you have any further questions about your commercial roofing system, email us anytime at info@westroofingsystems.com or by filling out our form online to find out more.


text:
Margit Anna Emilia Ljunggren, född 14 april 1913 i Bromma församling i Stockholm, död 8 april 2004 i S:t Görans församling, Stockholm, var en svensk keramiker och lärare på Konstfackskolan.

Hon var dotter till keramikern Göran Ragnar Valdemar Ljunggren och Anna Maria Bergkvist. Hon studerade vid Högre konstindustriella skolan med avgångsbetyg som keramiker 1936, därefter genomförde hon studieresor till bland annat Nederländerna, Italien, Belgien, Schweiz samt de Nordiska länderna. Hon tilldelades ett resestipendium ur Johan Anderssons fond 1939. Hon medverkade bland annat i samlingsutställningen med Föreningen Svenska Konstnärinnor på Årstaklubben 1947, Stockholms läns och stads hemslöjdsförening 1939, i utställningen Nordiskt konsthantverk som visades på Liljevalchs konsthall 1946, Sala konstförening 1951 samt vandringsutställningen Art du Nord som visades i München och Florens 1954. Hon anställdes som keramiklärare vid Konstfackskolan där hon tilldelades ett stipendium ur Adelsköldska fonden för lärare vid konstfackskolan. Ljunggren som härstammar från en gammal krukmakarsläkt arbetade huvudsakligen med keramik och utförde förutom konsthantverksföremål ett antal skulpturer och porträtt bland annat av biskop Sam Perman. För Stockholms stad skapade hon sju urnor med reliefer och för Sankt Eskils kyrka i Österhaninge utförde hon en dopfunt.

Källor
Svenskt konstnärslexikon del III, sid 583, Allhems förlag, Malmö.

Svenska keramiker
Svenska konsthantverkare under 1900-talet
Svenska lärare under 1900-talet
Konstnärer från Stockholm
Födda 1913
Avlidna 2004
Kvinnor