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Galactic cosmic rays: Backing the wrong horse
Posted on 24 September 2011 by muoncounter
The popular press is still pushing the preliminary CERN CLOUD results as proof that galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) are a major influence on climate. We've already had an excellent rebuttal here on SkS, featuring Jasper Kirkby's own words urging a more sober interpretation of his preliminary results. Yet those who do not fully understand the science are willing to bet that they have proof positive of the GCR-climate connection. Here is another look at the science of cosmic rays, in which we find out that's not a very good bet.
In horse racing, there's a payout for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd place finishers. All the other horses in the race finish 'out of the money.' One way to go broke very quickly is to repeatedly back the wrong horse.
Let's Check the Odds
The GCR-climate connection is based on well known science: cosmic rays do indeed contribute to ionization of the earth's atmosphere (known as CRII, for cosmic ray induced ionization). Whether CRII leads to enhanced cloud formation is the basic conjecture that GCR supporters want to establish. They must then show that GCR-induced clouds (if any such exist) in turn produce observable climatic effects.
If this is to be a horse a race, we must examine the field of entrants and study their track records. The full family of particles observed when an energetic primary GCR particle enters the atmosphere is illustrated below.
-- source
The CERN CLOUD experiment uses a positive pion beam of 3.5 GeV energy, a relatively middle-of-the-road energy on the spectrum of GCRs. Thus CLOUD backs only one horse in this race: the right-most interaction, pions (π) decay to muons (µ) and neutrinos (ν); note that this interaction does not produce neutrons and is thus invisible to neutron monitors around the world. What of all the other particle interactions on the diagram above? Which horse is the favorite in this race?
Picking a Favorite
Cosmic ray particles sourced by the sun are known as Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) -- these are typically fast-moving solar wind protons. The energy associated with SEPs runs as high as 5 GeV, equivalent to a flux of 3x10-6 to 2x10-5 W/m2. Those on the lower end tend to penetrate only the upper atmosphere; these are the events that can lead to Forbush Decreases (FDs). Even higher energy SEPs can lead to significant increases in particle count rates at the earth's surface known as Ground Level Enhancements (GLEs). These events produce the additional particles shown in the illustration above; we do indeed see these events on neutron monitors.
The image below is a composite of neutron monitor records, illustrating the distinction between the appearance of FDs and GLEs. FDs have been observed as precursors to GLEs. In this example, the count rate multiple is approximately 25%, so the GLE is not particularly energetic.
Usoskin et al 2009 investigated ionization by GLEs (emphasis added):
"There is a strong correlation between the GLE magnitude (in Neutron Monitor %) and the ionization effect in the stratosphere ... – all strong GLEs led to a more than 10% enhancement of CRII in the polar region. There is still some weak relation in the upper troposphere ... – all strong GLEs lead to a slight positive ionization effect. ...
SEP play a role in the ionization only in the upper-middle polar atmosphere. In all other regions the ionization is suppressed due to the accompanying Forbush decrease. ... There is no ionization effect at mid- or low-latitudes, even for the strongest events. It is clear ... that there is no straightforward relation between the strength of GLE (as measured by neutron monitors) and the ionization effect in polar atmosphere. The net atmospheric ionization effect is defined by an interplay between the SEP event itself and a Forbush decrease, which often accompanies it."
That last statement is key to understanding just how difficult it is to establish a cosmic ray-climate connection: Not all cosmic ray increases ionize the atmosphere. This horse race went from a walk in the park to a long, slow steeplechase on a very muddy field.
Jumping the Ionization Hurdle
Many GLEs originate as X-class solar flares and are thus relatively rare. The neutron monitor at Oulu, Finland observed 55 GLEs during the 50 year period 1960-2010. The neutron count rate increased by more than 10% in only 21 of these recorded GLEs. One of the largest occurred on 20 Jan 2005, as reported by a number of authors. From Bieber et al 2005,
"Within a 6-minute span on January 20, 2005, the count rate registered by a neutron monitor at the sea level station of McMurdo, Antarctica increased by a factor of 30, while the rate at the high-altitude (2820 m) site of South Pole increased by a factor of 56."
Inuvik and Fort Smith, Canada reported count rate multiples of 4-5; at Oulu the increase was 269%. High multiples of the background count rate persisted for several hours. Per Moraal et al 2008, the protons in this GLE contained a spectrum of energies from ~1.5 - 5 GeV; they also reported that the GLE was composed of at least 3 distinct pulses of particles arriving at the surface of the earth (the first of which caused a Forbush Decrease). Mironova et al 2011 looked at ionization due to this GLE (emphasis added):
"The very high level of neutron monitor count rate increase implies that the ionization of the polar atmosphere was dramatically increased during the event ... the calculated ionization due to the SEP event of 20 January started dominating over the GCR ionization already at 10-km altitude and reached its maximum at about 30 km altitude. In particular, the CRAC:CRII model calculations suggest that the SEP event produced additional ionization in the polar atmosphere in the altitude range 12–23 km, with the number of ions being greater by a factor of 3–30 than the averaged GCR-induced daily ionization in January 2005."
Mironova also looked for atmospheric effects due to this GLE (emphasis added):
"We would like also to emphasize that the observed atmospheric effect for this extreme GLE event was barely significant. No clear atmospheric effect was found beyond statistical fluctuations for the weaker SEP event of 17 January 2005, which is a typical SEP event. This implies that only extremely hard-spectrum (high energy) GLE/SEP events can produce a noticeable direct effect on aerosols in the polar low-middle stratosphere."
Thus one of the strongest known GLEs, producing much more ionization than the typical GCR, had no direct affect on the weather - and the sum of many such events will have no connection to climate.
In this horse race, until the CLOUD experiment can cl ear the ionization hurdle by investigating the complex relationship between FDs and higher energy GLEs, it will continue to be tripped by this hurdle and always finish out of the money. Those who've put their money on CERN CLOUD finding a GCR-climate connection are backing the wrong horse.
Note: Revised 9/24/2011
Comments 51 to 100 out of 127:
skywatcher at 12:34 PM on 12 December, 2011
Eric, you're making suggestions that GCRs drive deglaciation and the Younger Dryas, yet these are not supported by evidence or your references. What is your support for GCRs being necessary for deglaciation in our current geographic configuration? Why, when this configuration has lasted throughout the Quaternary, are glaciations and deglaciations timed with orbital forcing? An again, why does any noticed correlation necessitate a causal connection? Your assertion about GCRs and the Younger Dryas is unsupported by the Hughen et al 2004 article from which you take your graph:
"Peaks in 14C are also reconstructed at 40 and 29 cal. ka B.P. and previously reported at 12 cal. ka B.P. (13), coincident with Heinrich events H4, H3, and H0 (Younger Dryas), respectively (35). These events may also have been associated with unusually large perturbations in ocean ventilation and sea-ice cover explaining "anomalously" elevated 14C at those times (23, 36)."
The main hypothesis is that the radiocarbon plateaux are driven by oceanic circulation changes (Hughen et al 2000 is ref 13 in the above quote). There is also doubt about the Cariaco radiocarbon spike - Muscheler et al 2008 suggest that upper ocean changes in the Cariaco basin itself influence the record.
muoncounter at 12:49 PM on 12 December, 2011
Eric#48: The last sentence of the Laken abstract sounds like the standard qualifier, YMMV, to me. What significance do you see in it? "A control knob need not be overwhelming and instant and this GCR link would be offset by oceanic cycles and other weather." If this so-called control knob is so easily offset, then why maintain that it is a 'control' of any kind? At best, it is a fine tuner. But you cannot suggest that a GCR-cloud mechanism, if real, has some sort of lag. Ionization and cloud condensation either makes clouds or it doesn't. "A large decrease in GCR flux appears necessary for deglaciation" Again, where is the evidence for this declarative statement? The YD is not without its own complexities, as reported by Hughen et al 2000: the Younger Dryas 14C anomaly, which is by far the largest of the last 15,000 years, is not matched in amplitude by corresponding atmospheric 10Be concentration estimates. Thus, available 10Be data do not support the interpretation of the Younger Dryas 14C anomaly as solely or mostly due to increased production. In order to promote the speculative GCR-climate connection into a 'control knob,' you'll need a lot more evidence, a mechanism and most critically, an explanation for the climatological non-event at the Laschamp GCR peak.
Eric (skeptic) at 12:55 PM on 12 December, 2011
Tom, thanks for the comment. Yes, GCR's + or - do not result in positive forcing sufficient to exit the snowball state. GCR is definitely not the control knob, but one of several. The main theory seems to be cooling from high GCR's. It seems to me a more precise theory is that high GCR's retard or preclude warming by other means. Looking at the earth's magnetic reversals, http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c0/Geomagnetic_polarity_0-169_Ma.svg in a very rough sense, more reversals (with coincident weakening) allows more GCR and more cooling. Obviously earth's reversals are a small part of the modulation of GCR so not a strong connection. I was unaware of the complexities of Be10 and I am sure there are some for C14 as well. The correlation of low Be10 measurements with higher rainfall could explain some of the Mercurio chart and is worth looking into further.
Thanks for the clarification Sphaerica. CO2 being "not a control knob" for preindustrial has a couple exceptions that Tom pointed out on the other thread. There are times when it was in the past along with methane. Muoncounter and skywatcher, I agree that YD is not strong evidence, but more study is needed to determine the causes which AFAICT remain unknown. Another bit of evidence for a GCR knob is LIA cooling although it coincides with decreased TSI as well. I don't think the Laschamp event is a good test of GCR impact since we were in a glacial state which was probably a somewhat stable state.
scaddenp at 13:21 PM on 12 December, 2011
Because of the importance of C14 to dating, the isotope and its interactions have been very closely studied for a long time. Be10 is nowhere near as well understood and I have colleagues working on hard on it. If GCR is important to YD, then why is it decoupled between hemispheres? For the corresponding SH events, you have ACR (Antarctic cold reversal) started before YD and finishing as YD gets going. This is fascinating area of study but the collected evidence from both hemispheres I think supports the idea that these events, associated with deglaciation, have there origin in ice sheet dynamics and interactions with the THC rather than some external forcing.
Eric#53: "in a very rough sense, more reversals (with coincident weakening) allows more GCR and more cooling." A geomagnetic reversal includes a period of time (decades? hundreds of years?) when the field is of very low intensity. If the GCR story is to be believed, these must be times of high GCR flux, cloud formation and significant cooling. However, Lee and Kodama 2009: report high-precision records of a magnetic reversal event at the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM), a cataclysmic global warming event initiated at 55.0 Ma. But that's the earth's magnetic field; GCR orthodoxy involves solar output - those FDs that are supposed to be harbingers of fewer clouds. Is there a connection between geomagnetic reversals and the solar wind?
Scaddenp, the difference between hemispheres reduces one of the explanations of the C14 spikes (suggested in 51 and 52). The GCR effects could vary depending on the amount of ocean versus land, but I have no information for or against that idea. Muoncounter no possible connection between magnetic reversals and solar inputs that I can imagine. The PETM magnetic reversal was isolated and probably just coincidence (see the chart in my post 53. Certainly the link from magnetic field reversals to climate is going to be very tenuous due to the rather short duration of the change as you point out.
Hmm, why would cooling start in SH and then end as NH goes cold? (Actually not an uncommon pattern). I think other explanation other than GCR remain a great deal more plausible. Also, the real question of interest, is whether the forces at play in these events could be still impacting modern climate. Very difficult to find evidence for that.
Eric #54, not only is there not strong evidence for a YD/GCR link, there is no evidence for a YD/GCR link. Your saying so does not count as evidence. We have a very plausible mechanism in place for the observed changes of C14 and of regional cooling, in the form of changes in oceanic ventilation driving changes in delta C14. Changes in oceanic circulation conveniently also help explain the see-saw effects between SH and NH cold periods (noted by scaddenp in #55). Why invent a cause that as yet has no connecting driving mechanism, and fails to explain all the evidence? The failure to explain the Laschamp anomaly is still not a help to your thinking. Why would it have no effect during a glacial phase? And you certainly cannot have any timelag (your #48), given that the few proposed (yet not demonstrated) mechanisms for a GCR-climate connection require it to be immediate.
scaddenp, except for perhaps a partial explanation for the LIA, I have not found convincing evidence of a cosmic ray effect on modern climate (i.e. late 20th century warming) skywatcher, conditions are different enough during glaciation to have a no GAT response to a large influx of cosmic rays and other coincidental effects. Life which can be killed off by possible coincidental solar flares would be different and restricted; there would be much drier air for less cloud formation; and there would be a lot more dust prior the event for nuclei so the event would not add much.
jmorpuss at 00:29 AM on 13 December, 2011
Hi Eric @60 I found this very interesting On infrequent occasions when the Platteville, Colorado, 10-MW radio transmitter matched the F region peak plasma frequency, intence localized sporadic E layers occured at low altitudes (95 km) Here is the link to the full artical http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/IONO/Dynasonde/images/HeatPrecip.pdf I started here, got me interested when looking at charged particals (free electrom formation) Ionespheric Heating http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/IONO/Dynasonde/SpEatHeating.htm
Eric (skeptic) at 08:54 AM on 13 December, 2011
jmorpuss, thanks for the links. Lots of interesting effects measured by the Dynasonde but I'm not sure how much energy is involved.
skywatcher at 09:11 AM on 13 December, 2011
Eric #60, I thought you were better than that. You've provided no supporting evidence (and I suspect there is none) for any of the statements in #60 (yes, the LGM was dusty, but not insensitive to climate change). "Life which can be killed off by possible coincidental solar flares..." Pull the other one, Eric, this is a rubbish climastrological statement. The world might end on December 21st too. jmorpuss, does your link actually have any relevance to the OP?
muoncounter at 09:43 AM on 13 December, 2011
Eric#6: "there would be much drier air for less cloud formation;" Glacial stages cannot be dry - accumulated precipitation (albeit frozen) is a requirement for firn/glacial ice advance. In addition, much of the globe wasn't ice-covered. I don't think your 'we won't see GCR evidence during glacial stages' idea has much support.
Another stake in the heart of the GCR-climate connection: Love et al 2011 Are secular correlations between sunspots, geomagnetic activity, and global temperature significant? We examine the statistical significance of cross-correlations between sunspot number, geomagnetic activity, and global surface temperature for the years 1868–2008, solar cycles 11–23. ... Treated data show an expected statistically-significant correlation between sunspot number and geomagnetic activity, ... , but correlations between global temperature and sunspot number (geomagnetic activity) are not significant. In other words, straightforward analysis does not support widely-cited suggestions that these data record a prominent role for solar-terrestrial interaction in global climate change. That statistical significance thing is a bother, no?
skywatcher, if what I say is purely speculation I will try to caveat appropriately it (e.g. "I don't have evidence in front of me, but I think...") Irregardless I should have supported #60 a little more. Dust is an important feedback in glacial periods although not well understood and quantified (e.g. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379111002861 and (for Muoncounter) the air is drier during glacial periods http://earth.geology.yale.edu/~wb98/papers/Boos2011_LGMthermoscaling_090711.pdf although with latitudinal variation. Ice sheet build up does not require more precip, just precip over the ice sheet. The dust is the result of the predominately drier climate. The dust makes cosmic rays somewhat moot. Skywatcher, yes, my solar flare idea is somewhat spurious, only supported by the increased probability due to lack of a protective magnetic field. But it is not a valid reason as to why the explain the Laschamp anomaly did not produce a climate change, I should not have brought it up. The lack of climate change rests sufficiently on the fact that the glacial climate is dry. How would more clouds form in a dry atmosphere (and stable tropical atmosphere, see Boos paper)?
Eric#66: "the air is drier during glacial periods" And yet it must have rained: Lake Bonneville was a large, ancient lake that existed from about 32 to 14 thousand years ago. ... At its largest, Lake Bonneville was about 325 miles long, 135 miles wide, and had a maximum depth of over 1,000 feet. ... Its relatively fresh water was derived from direct precipitation, rivers, streams, and water from melting glaciers. During the time of Lake Bonneville, the climate was somewhat wetter and colder than now. -- source
Eric, you don't have to convince me that LGM conditions tend to be drier. What you have to convince me of is a connection between cosmic rays and climate, of which there is no observational or experimental evidence! To justify your statement in #60 about when GCRs could and could not affect climate, you'd have to have a mechanism by which they affect climate. Otherwise you're playing word games and wasting time with wild speculation. What is the mechanism (as I asked in #46 with reference to the article on SkS showing what is required by the GCR speculations)? Also worth noting that the Laschamp anomaly (graph in #29) covers both colder and warmer conditions according to delta-18O, so discussions about dustiness of the atmosphere are pretty spurious.
#67, muoncounter, I believe they are talking about the local climate.
Skywatcher, I owe you an answer...
skywatcher the GCR's my top plot in 38 show upward spikes (inverted show depicted as downwards) without much response during glacial periods. Although scaddenp points out above that the Be10 proxy may not be not well understood. The necessary conditions for an interglacial appear to be consistently low GCRs for some period of time. I don't think any of the temperature spikes in #29 during the Laschamp event show fall into the interglacial category. I don't know why high cosmic rays precluded any warming at all during that event. In general I don't think there are any control knobs that are that exact, CO2 and TSI included. For one thing all but TSI have a saturation effect. The CO2 also tracks because it is an amplifier (as well as a control knob in relatively cold conditions). The other exogenous control knobs cannot also be amplifiers by definition. The biggest unresolved question IMO is how the electric field and other cosmic ray effects shown to act on the order of minutes on clouds by Lockwood, Harrison and others could have anything to do with a causal effect over 1000's of years. That is particularly problematic when the effects vary by latitude, there is no worldwide effect. A possible mechanism is the low GCR environment with "fewer low clouds" (very crude I realize) allows more solar ocean heating which warms over longer time periods.
jmorpuss at 21:51 PM on 13 December, 2011
Hi again Eric @71 It is generally understood that the inner and outer Van Allen belts result from different processes. The inner belt, consisting mainly of energetic protons, is the product of the decay of so-called "albedo" neutrons which are themselves the result of cosmic ray collisions in the upper atmosphere. The outer belt consists mainly of electrons. They are injected from the geomagnetic tail following geomagnetic storms, and are subsequently energized though wave-particle interactions. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Allen_radiation_belt I don't know whether you have looked at this process If not it may help.
scaddenp at 06:41 AM on 14 December, 2011
"The necessary conditions for an interglacial appear to be consistently low GCRs for some period of time." Am I to understand that you think the driver for interglacial/glacial is GCR flux instead of the existing milankovich theory? ie we are in a glacial until GCR values drop?
Wouldn't it be more correct to say that the necessary condition for Eric's necessary condition is that GCRs have a demonstrable impact on climate? or even on just the weather? Neither of those have been substantiated as of yet - and there is considerable evidence to the contrary: Dragic's disappointingly scant results, Pierce on aerosol nucleation (at RC) and Love et al's lack of statistical significance.
Skywatcher - you say "We have a very plausible mechanism in place for the observed changes of C14 and of regional cooling, in the form of changes in oceanic ventilation driving changes in delta C14". Do you have reference for this please? I'm interested in isotope variation by swamp methane (eg Petrenko) cf ocean ventilation.
scaddenp - The plausible mechanism is that of disruption of North Atlantic ocean circulation by a freshwater pulse, leading to a reduction in the exchange between ocean and atmosphere of C14, causing the plateau. The bipolar seesaw (Broecker 1998) of Antarctic warming at the time is strong evidence for ocean circulation changes, rather than an overarching global cause (solar/GCR/impact (impact discussed by RC here and in internal links). For ocean ventilation, references might be the Hughen ones linked in my #51, or Keigwin and Schlegel 2002, but there are dissenting voices, suggesting a much more mixed ventilation/other cause (e.g. Marchal et al 2000. A few references on the YD in this NOAA perspective article too. Wally Broecker on his flood hypothesis provides a very balanced discussion of the distinctiveness and of possible problems with a flood hypothesis. It may even be the last Heinrich event (see the refs via this Wiki page). What is clear about the YD: It's abrupt, and apparently a very unusual event during deglaciation. It is most pronounced around the Atlantic. It's not global, and abundant evidence exists for a 'seesaw' between NH and SH, suggesting changes in global oceanic heat transport via the Atlantic. Whether the trigger is massive flood, other freshwater discharge, ice sheet dynamics, or some other cause, the ocean circulation is altered, and there seems reasonable evidence that this drives the delta C14 changes. It's not a closed book, however, but there is no evidence that GCRs triggered it!
muoncounter, that's reasonable but it is difficult to discern effects in noisy measurements. My engineering approach would be to describe one or more models of potential physics (e.g. some aspect of clouds), what input measurements are made and how they map to the model (e.g. proxy measurements), and what the model outputs are (e.g. types of cloud cover over various areas) and how those can be mapped to real world measurements (e.g. satellite measurements). I don't think it is possible to map a model output to GAT in a short or medium term, there is too much short term variation from other factors. My cloud cover example should be the easiest one and even that is hard in step 3 (obtaining suitable measurements and determining the mapping). I think that in the Dragic et al paper the diurnal temperature range link is rather diffuse. But your critique of the delay seem unwarranted since the cosmic ray created particles take time to grow (days seems reasonable). As Pierce points how, the higher the initial nucleation rate, the slower the growth rate. So a higher event (7% vs 5%) may be more detectable because there is more lag. Love (above) may be in the worst measurement regime namely decade timescales containing numerous natural cycles.
Eric, did you read sphaerica's response to your #38 in #39? I'm not going to be in a hurry to trust that graph in #38 at all. The necessary conditions for an interglacial are suitable orbital forcing - or do you think Milankovitch was wrong and the pacemaker pattern of 100k, 41k and 26kyr cycles is entirely coincidental? CO2 only a 'control knob in cold conditions'? That's a new one - source please. The saturation effect only means that there is a reduction in forcing per tonne of atmospheric CO2 as you increase, not that there is a ceiling above which there is no forcing. For the same reason, methane is much more powerful a GHG - the spectral line is less saturated. The rest of your post is conjecture - can you provide sources (e.g. Lockwood and demonstrated effects). The biggest unresolved question is what is the mechanism by which GCRs can affect climate, don't you think?
{#78 is in response to #71 BTW}
Thanks skywatcher. I guess I am in the mixed camp. When temp goes down it seem to me that many other aspects of carbon cycle are also changed (eg vegetation uptake, swamp venting). Be10 looks to be a better indicator of GCR in the long run.
Eric: My main criticism of Dragic's result was the fact that in a 41 year database, they can show only 35 events producing an identifiable change in temperatures. At less than 1 per year, that's not much to hang a hat, let alone a theory, on.
#80, I agree that other aspects of the carbon cycle would change too. I'd hang my hat on the primary trigger being a disruption of circulation in the Atlantic, but this would surely then drive changes in other parts of the carbon cycle as unglaciated parts of Europe and America cooled. Presumably Be10 is a better indicator as there is less exchange between ocean and atmosphere? Not sure on chemistry for Be, but clearly C14 record is complicated by the 2-way exchange of CO2 between ocean and atmosphere, hence its use in seeing ocean circulation change.
skywatcher (#78), I agree with your assessment of the Shaviv graphic (lower graphic in #38) and I answered in #40. The pacemaker question is important and GCR coincides somewhat with Milankovitch as explained by Mercurio. CO2's control knob works best in cold conditions like the present or colder. My source is simply the logarithmic curve that we all have seen. There is no ceiling like you say but a gradual switch from CO2 causation to temperature causation in the amplification effect. I will elaborate more on a CO2 control knob thread if you want me to. Back on topic, my conjecture about the cosmic ray mechanism is that it shows up in the long term (e.g. upper graphic in #38) so therefore must act through the oceans which are really the only plausible long term actor. I would expect that given a particular rate of overturning, a very subtle warming of SST's would be possible (on average) in a low GCR (lowered cloudiness) regime which over time would warm all ocean layers and aid a flip out of glacial into interglacial. Of course the coincidental increase in TSI is important and may well be the only necessary factor or the main factor. It's not easy to determine.
muoncounter, I agree, 35 events is meaningless for modern climate analysis. The other problem is that they are going in the other direction from what I am, they are showing events to cooling. I am postulating that the lack of events causes warming over the very long run (100 to 1000 years or more as shown in the top graphic in #39).
Be10 is complicated because climate affects deposition rates. With C14, you have a calibrated production curve going back 4000+ years thanks to tree ring data but then issues after that. Be10 is also used to date how long rock exposed (Be10 production from cosmic ray hitting O2 in SiO2). As I understand, you are nowhere near being able to infer flux from this because of timescale issues but this doesnt have deposition rate issue so could be used to supplement ice core data in future.
Eric, You've given yourself a difficult task. If 'the lack of events causes warming,' you'll need a signal to trace. Unfortunately for that, low GCR flux rates correspond to the highs of the solar cycle (see the graphs here, specifically figs 1 and 4 for the years 2000-2004 - peak of cycle 23). So if solar activity peaks -> TSI in any way, wouldn't any GCR-induced warming be swamped by the coincident uptick in solar forcing? If so, you'll have a hard time pinning any warming directly to the lack of GCRs. I always find it difficult to prove anything by demonstrating a lack of evidence, but I know others in the community who don't hesitate to do so. There certainly isn't any basis for saying that you shouldn't give it a try.
Not to mention the unproven link between clouds/weather and GCR... I notice mercurio 2002 has single cite and no followup by mercurio either. Guess we are not the only ones unconvinced.
Muoncounter, yes the two effects are parsimonious and TSI is a clear cut forcing while GCR was not a detectable forcing in the historic and paleo events where it can be singled out. My personal theory of climate is that equilibrium is impossible due to factors like the rotation of the earth. Therefore climate is determined mostly by the balance of forcing and energy flows but partly by the feedbacks. GCR is a potential modulator of the fast feedback. Scaddenp, There is evidence for the weather link (in 35 cases in 41 years as muoncounter pointed out), but not evidence for a climate link other than the top graph in #39 and similar which all coincide with and can be explained by TSI.
Eric, Mercurio's discussion of cosmic rays and the glacial-interglacial cycle is unsupported speculation on his part. That is is un-peer reviewed, and ignored speaks to the wildly speculative nature of the content. Muoncounter at #41 has other valid criticisms. On your conjecture - you appear to be using a high;y-criticised graph from #38 which has lags/errors of tens of millions of years in order to support a conjecture about oceanic circulation and glacial cycles. Do you think it's plausible for the oceans to work on a timescale as slow as millions of years? Even a few tens of thousands of years is stretching credulity a bit. Nonetheless, a graph covering 500 million years can't hope to support your argument for the glacial-interglacial cycle. So again, what's the mechanism?
skywatcher sorry I mixed up the two charts together in #38. The top chart is Mercurio and the bottom is Shaviv. I agree the Shaviv chart (500 million years) is probably flawed. It is about the spiral arms of the galaxy and there are subsequent papers demonstrating that Shaviv had the wrong timing (I linked to one in #40). I am only using Mercuirio for my conjecturing. The biggest weakness of the correlation in Mercuirio is that low GCR coincides with higher TSI.
Scaddenp, here is that single cite of Mercurio http://earthscience.ucr.edu/docs/chapter2.pdf This author explains that there are various possible explanations for PDO: small variations in TSI influencing SST and winds, cloud cover and GCR. But the author appears to favor an internal mechanism: 'spin rate of the gyre". I don't know how such an influence on PDO would translate into a tendency towards interglacial states.
Riccardo at 23:13 PM on 14 December, 2011
Paper in press in GRL titled "Solar irradiance, cosmic rays and cloudiness over daily timescales". From the conclusions: "we found no widespread detectable changes in cloud cover at any tropospheric level within a 20 day period of the solar forcing clearly associated with solar activity changes." For solar activity they mean TSI, F10.7 flux and GCR.
Moderator Response: [muon] Fixed link. Noted that paper here.
Riccardo, from their abstract "...focusing on the largest TSI increases and decreases (the latter occurring in both the presence and absence of appreciable GCR reductions)..."
Do the authors understand that TSI decreases coincide with GCR increases (not reductions)?
Do you really think that professionals publishing in GRL do not know what they do at this very trivial level? Read the paper and try harder.
the paper is password protected.
So don't presume they do not understand, assume that much more likely it's you.
Reading through benlaken.com, there's a bit more about the paper: "In Laken et al. (2011) the use of FD events as a basis for testing is evaluated, and it is found that this method does not necessarily isolate the effects of GCR variations effectively, as associated changes in total solar irradiance (TSI) emissions and an often protracted difference between the onset of FD events and the date of maximum reduction can potentially hamper analysis." Dr. Laken obviously knows his field and I should not imply otherwise.
Bob Lacatena at 01:32 AM on 15 December, 2011
91, Eric, I'm not sure what the purpose of that Mecurio "cite" is. The author is presenting a simple overview of modern climate in that section, and basically says "there's this thing called PDO" and "these people all proposed different mechanisms for its cause" (one of them being Mecurio). As such, it makes no actual use of content of the paper, and puts no weight whatsoever on the conclusion. I suspect that if I'd written an e-mail to the author saying that Eurasian Leprechaun Farts cause the PDO, he might have cited my e-mail as well. He was just looking for a list of different proposed causes to demonstrate that no one actually knows. It's a "throwaway" cite with no bearing on climate change and giving no veracity to an un-peer reviewed, un-published and otherwise ignored paper. You can't discuss that Mecurio paper and claim to be discussing science. It's like discussing any number of self-published crackpot theories out there. They aren't worth anyone's time. Stick to meaningful and robust (or at least published!) papers. Don't assume that because a paper has a published format and some letters after the author's name that that means it's (a) good science and (b) true.
Erik you really badly quoted from Ben Laken site, hope it's unintentional. Dr. Laken whas reviewing the litterature and found that FD events "not necessarily isolate the effects of GCR variations effectively". Their new paper address exactly this and found that "However, the analysis presented in this work shows that following careful isolation of TSI and GCR variations, neither is found to be significantly associated with changes in cloud cover." Hopefully next time you'll carefully read before questioning the understanding (no less!) of reputable scientists.
Riccardo, please understand I was not misquoting or intentionally "badly" quoting. All I did was quote the full summary of the 2011 from his web site. There is nothing more and nothing less on that paper than what I quoted.


text:
In Debt to Jim Buchanan
by Don Boudreaux on January 10, 2013
in Debt and Deficits, Myths and Fallacies, Seen and Unseen, State of Macro
Here's a letter to a correspondent whom I met, via e-mail, only today. I use his name with his kind permission.
Dear Mr. Edward Palmer:
In response to my Wall Street Journal essay on the late Jim Buchanan you ask: "How can you say repayment of domestic debt is a net burden on a nation? Bond redeemers get what taxpayers give up. There is no NET cost." (By "domestic debt" I take you to mean government debt held by citizens of the same country as the taxpayers who pay to redeem the debt.)
Suppose that Sam taxes Smith today and then pays these tax proceeds to Jones who uses them to build a bridge. Sam, Smith, and Jones are Americans. Would you agree that, regardless of how worthwhile the bridge might be, the bridge is not free; it is built at a cost. Would you agree also that the cost of building this bridge is paid by Smith? I assume your answers to both questions are 'yes.'
Now change the scenario slightly. Suppose that Sam borrows money today from Williams, who lends his money voluntarily to Sam, expecting to be repaid with interest. Sam then pays these borrowed funds to Jones who uses them to build a bridge. Tomorrow Sam taxes Smith and uses the tax proceeds to repay principal and interest, in full, to Williams. Sam, Smith, Jones, and Williams are all Americans.
Do you agree that, in this second scenario as in the first, the bridge is built at a cost? (I assume so.) Who pays this cost? Clearly, neither Sam nor Jones pays it. That leaves only Williams (the lender) and Smith (the taxpayer). Williams advanced the funds for the bridge, but was repaid in full (plus interest) for his advance. Williams no more paid to build this bridge than does your bank pay for the car that you buy with funds borrowed from your bank. We're left only with Smith, whose taxes are raised to pay for the bridge.
So now the crucial questions: How does merely introducing an American creditor (Williams) change the fact that the American whose taxes are raised to pay for the bridge (Smith) still pays for the bridge? And how does the fact that Williams is an American who is repaid with Smith's taxes cancel out Smith's cost in such a way as to make it legitimate to say that the bridge costs Americans as a group nothing to build?
Unless and until you identify a means by which the act of deficit financing (as in scenario two) cancels out costs that clearly exist in the absence of such financing (as in scenario one) your case that internally held government debt represents no net cost to society seems to me to be very weak.
Next post: Thinking of Jim Buchanan

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Texarkana, AR - Waskom, TX was impacted with a large hail storm on Mar 17, 2016. This storm had hail up to the size of 2.5 inches and high winds! Approximately 1,660 houses were hit and with quarter size hail or larger making this a 1 Star map.


text:
Q: Stack in Assembler under MS-DOS I am trying to learn some Assembler code; specifically how to use the stack and how it works, etc. However, I run into an error when I use the code below:
entry:
    push 0x42
    call teststack
    jmp hang

hang:
    jmp hang

teststack:
    mov ah, 0x0e
    pop al
    mov bh, 0x00
    mov bl, 0x04
    mov cx, 0x01
    int 10h
    ret

What I am trying to do is pass the number 42 (life, universe, everything :D) into my teststack procedure, where it will print Ascii 0x42 (I think capital B).
My issue is a compiler error, for the line that reads pop al:
**error: invalid combination of opcode and operands**

I am using NASM inside a Windows 98 virtual machine.
Any help with my error would be greatly appreciated.

A: Didn't ever use NASM but I presume that you are in 16 bit mode and pop is by default using 16 bit registers, so you can't use ah. When you pushed 0x42 to stack that was a 16 bit value (0x0042). It's safe to use pop ax and then set ah :
entry:
    push 0x42
    call teststack
    jmp hang

hang:
    jmp hang

teststack:
    pop ax           ; ax = 0x0042
    mov ah, 0x0e     ; ax = 0x0e42
    mov bh, 0x00
    mov bl, 0x04
    mov cx, 0x01
    int 10h
ret

A: If you push some value on stack (i.e. 0x42 value) your stack will contain one value [0x42].
Next you use call instruction which stores the return address on stack, so stack contans now [ret_addr, 0x42].
First sub-routine instruction pops value (unexpectedly it is ret-addr and not 0x42), then does other stuff and jumps (ret instruction) into address poped from stack (0x42...).
You could use copy of stack pointer in BP register to read value stored on stack and return from sub-routine using RET N instruction (higher level languages uses similar sheme).

A: with push you have to specify size like this
push dword 0x42

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Golden Eye for best film at the 2019 Zurich International Film Festival
Darius Marder establishes a strong cinematic voice with his debut feature, about a heavy-metal drummer (Riz Ahmed) who starts to lose his hearing and consequently begins to re-evaluate his place in the world.
ABOUT THE DIRECTOR FESTIVALS
When ex-addict Ruben unexpectedly loses his hearing while touring with his girlfriend Lou, he becomes overwhelmed by anxiety and his life is thrown into turmoil. In a group home for Deaf addicts, Ruben must choose between his new Deaf community and the life of sound he left behind.
Director DARIUS MARDER
Writer DARIUS MARDER (The Place Beyond the Pines, Loot)
Cast RIZ AHMED, OLIVIA COOKE, MATHIEU AMALRIC
Producers Sacha Ben Harroche, Bert Hamelinck
Production Credits CAVIAR
DARIUS MARDER
Darius Marder is an American director, screenwriter, and editor. He has directed the feature documentary Loot (08), and co-wrote the screenplay for the Festival selection The Place Beyond the Pines (12). Sound of Metal (19) is his latest film.
TIFF PLATFORM 2019 TORONTO
ZIFF INTERNATIONAL FEATURE FILM - WINNER 2019 ZURICH
Back to Protagonist Library


text:
Out Island Eco Tours
Kamps
Eco Philosophy
Our Conservation Policy
ECO FRIENDLY – REDUCE. REUSE. RECYCLE.
Partners and groups
Little Water Cay Iguanas
The Cultural Heart of the Islands
Turks and Caicos National Trust
Reservation and other Policies
The Turks and Caicos Islands are a group of over 40 islands and cays located at the southern end of the Bahamian archipelago in the North Atlantic Ocean. The islands sit on top of two large sedimentary plateaus; the Caicos Banks and the Turks Bank. These are made up of marine deposited calcium carbonate turned limestone and separated by the deep Columbus passage. The collection of beautiful islands lie near to the edge of these Banks, mostly separated from the deep water by a shallow barrier reef and protected lagoon. The Turks Islands are smaller, less numerous and drier than the Caicos Islands. The Caicos Bank itself is over 600 square miles in size.
The Turks and Caicos Islands are a British Overseas Territory with a governor appointed by the crown to oversee the legislative council. The house of representatives is elected in 11 separate constituencies. There are two major political forces, the PDM (People's Democratic Movement) and the PNP (Progressive National Party). The leader of the party which wins the most seats serves as Premier. The party leaders also contest a seat in the House of Representatives. Elections are held every four years and the voter turnout is near to 100%.
The official language in the Turks and Caicos Islands is English.
The official currency is the US dollar.
Voltage is 120V using North American style electrical plugs.
Taxis are not metered but most have standard fares for set routes and are priced per person.
Crime is low but it is best to use your common sense and not to leave valuables in your vehicle unattended or your verandah doors unlocked at night.
It is customary to wear shirts and shoes in public places but otherwise attire is informal.
E. info@bigbluecollective.com
O. +1 649-946-5034
C. +1 649-231-6455
Powered by Evil Donkey | BIG BLUE COLLECTIVE © 2015


Copy traders give permission for investment decisions made by a more knowledgeable trader to affect a portion of the funds in their own trading accounts.
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Sether Pre-ICO Details Minimum 0.1 ETH or BTC equivalent with a bonus of 40% Any unsold tokens in the pre-sale will go into the crowdsale Based on the results of the public sale, at the end of the ICO, a proportional amount of tokens will be minted for the Company and the Platform to keep the balance and prevent dilution.World Wi-Fi project is a global decentralized free Wi-Fi network based on private routers.
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Advance care planning means having discussions with family and friends, especially your Substitute Decision Maker (In Nova Scotia this person is known as a named delegate) – the person who will speak for you when you cannot. It may also include writing down your wishes, which in Nova Scotia is known as a personal directive.
You may never become incapable of speaking for yourself– but if you do, you'll be glad that you engaged in advance care planning and that you have had these conversations, to make sure that your voice is heard when you cannot speak for yourself.
How to do Advance Care Planning?
The Nova Scotia Hospice Palliative Care Association is pleased to provide a series of resources to assist with advance care planning process. It is recommended that in addition to reviewing and or utilizing some of the resources below that you discuss the process with those close to you, your medical professional and/or legal professional to ensure that you have the supports needed for your specific situation.
Speak Up Nova Scotia – Speak Up Nova Scotia is a series of resources adapted from the national Speak Up Campaign. The purpose of the national Speak Up campaign is to encourage Canadians to begin talking about advance care planning and your wishes should you not be able to speak for yourself.
Speak Up Nova Scotia includes a workbook that provides an introduction to advance care planning in and provides some tips on how to begin the process of advance care planning. The document is consistent with the Nova Scotia Personal Directives Act, which sets out the law around how personal care decisions including health care decisions are made and how you can name a person to make decisions for you.
It includes questions to help you get started, tips for starting the conversation with those close to you, definitions, FAQ's and a sample template for you to use should you wish to put your wishes in writing.
The Advance Care Planning Workbook is a general guide that helps you understand what is involved in advance care planning, provides useful definitions, tips and can be used as a first step in the advance care planning process.
This is an American website, so please be advised there may be some difference in legislation and terminology but, it does contain some useful tips on starting the conversation.
Why Do Advance Care Planning?
Research indicates that patients who have end-of-life conversations with their doctors and family members are much more likely to be satisfied with their care, will require fewer aggressive interventions at the end of life, place less of a strain on caregivers and are more likely to take advantage of hospice resources or die at home.
A 2008 study found that the absence of advance care planning, in all its forms, was associated with worse patients' ratings of quality of life in the terminal phase of the illness and worse ratings of satisfaction by the family during the terminal illness or in the months that follow death.
A 2010 Canadian study of hospitalized, elderly patients identified that providing more support for end-of-life conversations and advance care planning will have a large positive impact on improving end-of-life care in Canada.
In Nova Scotia, there is legislation regarding an individual's wishes, and the designation of a substitute decision maker, who is an individual that can speak for you regarding your wishes for treatment and care should you not be able to speak for yourself. The site provides workbooks, forms and other information to help you get started.


good. just what we wanted.
Cool suit baby, quality is good. Recommend store and goods!!
Labai gražus kostiumėlis. IR medžiaga Faina.
Suit cool. Description. Is good.
Reserved for 18 months. But in fact it is more, a year or two. The quality is not bad.
Costume cute. Fabric thin jersey, pleasant to the touch. No smell, do not stick out. Order more in other colors. It seems that bolshemerit. But all the same kids are all different, including the physique. Sooner or later grow.
Cool suit, stylish. 18 m-the label size is 90.
Very nice suit. Happy with the order.


text:
Tadao Okayama (5 July 1913 – 28 March 1998) was a Japanese cross-country skier. He competed in the men's 50 kilometre event at the 1936 Winter Olympics.

References

1913 births
1998 deaths
Japanese male cross-country skiers
Olympic cross-country skiers of Japan
Cross-country skiers at the 1936 Winter Olympics
People from Sakhalin Oblast
Sportspeople from Sakhalin Oblast

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Featuring a stylish mini black glass bowl on its very own little black mini table, this delightful little Single Tea Light Bowl with Table adds a novelty design touch to any room.
Perfect not just for tea lights or candles, but also as a display or storage solution for potpourri, jewellery or other little trinkets, this stunning Single Tea Light Bowl on Table is not only great for brightening up our own home, but also makes a fantastic gift for someone who loves anything a little bit different.
Crafted in the image of a pear, the slick, yet simple design of this Clear Voluptuous Pear makes for an interesting, stylish addition to your decor. Part of our glass fruit collection, the Clear Voluptuous Pear will look amazing on its own or as part of a larger display when combined with the Chrome Forbidden Apple; the Chrome Voluptuous Pear and/or the Clear Forbidden Apple, for instance. Suggestion: The Clear Voluptuous Pear and other products from our glass fruit range will look particularly spectacular when displayed on our silver-finish ceramic Oliver Rectangular Platter.
Beautifully made and featuring a raised leaf design on the top, this stunning Coco Raised Leaf Jewellery Box Set will protect your most precious jewellery collections in real style. Carefully crafted from wood and finished in white PU leather for an extra touch of elegant luxury, the Coco Raised Leaf Jewellery Box Set will 'sit' perfectly well in any home style and decor. The white exterior of this delightful Coco Raised Leaf Jewellery Box Set is complemented to perfection by the boxes' black lined interior.
Designed in the form of a single leaf extending from its wooden base on a curved metal 'branch', this Large Leaf Sculpture makes for an extremely stylish addition to your decor. Featuring stylised 'veins', the wooden leaf of this stunning Large Leaf Sculpture has a natural finish that allows the wood's natural grain to shine through and further enhance its appearance. Suggestion: Simple, yet extremely effective and attractive, the Large Leaf Sculpture will look even more stunning when combined into a larger display with its 'little brother', the Small Leaf Sculpture.


Linux and Windows, Bash, Powershell, Ansible, Chef, Puppet, Jenkins, API integration, and DevSecOps.
My client, a financial services organisation based in Telford, is looking for a IT Security Developer to support the automation of its security controls. You will be responsible for the automation of controls, through scripting, to reduce the operational burden of both infrastructure and operational security teams.
Work with the IT Security team in delivering strategic IT security solutions that will protect the estate against internal and external vulnerabilities.
Monitor security policy compliance by conducting continual technical audits. Assess internal and external scan reports - identify false positives, research vulnerabilities, communicate results to management and system administrators. Must be capable of challenging external experts when reports are erroneous.
Support the vulnerability management program, including vulnerability management automation.
Monitor and review of intrusion detection system reporting, network device logs, SIEM and other security logs daily so that all security events are in line with agreed standards, procedures and controls.
Review developed code for vulnerabilities and provide recommendations to development teams.
Familiarity or experience with IT security best practice, ISO27001, CIS (SANS) top 20 and other appropriate frameworks.
Ability to lead an automation function supporting multiple inter-departmental disciplines.
Proficient with PowerShell, Bash and other scripting languages.
If you have the required experience and you would like to find out more about this position, please apply here.


Super-nutrition for the 21st century. This unique micro-algae contains over 63 nutritional properties including all the daily required amount of amino acids and essential fats … vitamins … key minerals and trace elements … rare antioxidants … phospholipids … electrolytes … nucleic acids … enzymes and co-enzymes.
Marine phytoplankton provides a rare and complete food that gives the body virtually all of the raw materials that it needs, in one single source, to produce healthy new cells and neuro-chemicals for the brain, such as dopamine and serotonum. Because it works at the deepest level of the cell, it seems to work for a wide variety of diseases and imbalances including many chronic illnesses. What makes phytoplankton so unique is the exceptionally high success rate that has been experienced in overcoming a variety of health conditions and chronic diseases, thus enabling the body to heal itself much faster. He believes this is because it contains all of the raw materials necessary, in one source, in near perfect proportions. Like a chemical reaction, various components have to exist at the same time, otherwise the reaction will not happen. He gives the example of the neurochemical serotonin, which requires eight different vitamins and minerals for the body to produce. If just one is missing, the body cannot produce it.
Ethos Marine Phytoplankton is harvested in special Photo-Bioreactors. This ensures the quality is maintained and each batch contains all the essential nutrients your body needs.
I have not had any measurable change since I have not been having any blood or imagery test. What I do know is that the chemo that I was on is not working so I am being changed over to a new one in early January. When I contacted you I had blood in my urine. After two doses of the Plankton it stopped and has not returned. Whether that was the Plankton acting so quickly or it just healed I am not sure. The blood was coming from the urethra of the left kidney upon which one of my tumors is resting. The other one is in the left lower lung.
I am a USA distributor for Marine Phytoplankton. I have been so amazed at the results my son and I have had from taking Marine Phytoplankton, that I want to share it with you. Over a year ago my son developed eczema covering most of is body. We had been searching for a way to help him without drugs or steroids. After spending thousands of dollars and going to many alternative doctors, he had not made much progress. It's hard for a mother to see her child suffering, and I was determined to find something that would help him. When I found Marine Phytoplankton and learned that it was in a pure and concentrated form, I had a feeling that it would help my son. After three and a half weeks on the Phytoplankton my son's eczema had cleared up dramatically, and he has also been sleeping much better at night. I have also had great results with my immune system and energy levels. Before taking the powder I generally was not feeling very well, and I was sick every couple of weeks. I also had to be very careful to always get plenty of sleep to get through my day. Since I have been on the powder, I haven't been sick, and have been able to sustain normal energy levels even on low amounts of sleep. I have also experienced benefits with my blood sugar. I have been borderline diabetic since being pregnant with my second child. After beginning to take Marine Phytoplankton I immediately noticed more stable blood sugar levels, and I am able to eat more carbohydrates. I highly recommend this nutrient-packed supplement to anyone that wants to experience a better quality of life. It is a pure and natural source of nutrients that are easily absorbed into the cells. I would like to invite you to call and try the Marine Phytoplankton Powder and see what it can do for you.
Gram-for-gram, microalgae may be the most nutrient dense food on Earth. The primitive character of microalgae's cellular structure give it a number of advantages over higher plants and animals as a food source. For starters, practically the entire organism can be nutritious, with minimal indigestible structures. By contrast, typically less than half the dry weight of fruit, vegetables, nuts, seeds, grain, poultry and livestock have any nutritional value. Marine Phytoplankton consists almost entirely of nutritionally useful and uniform cells. Furthermore, Phytoplankton exhibits superior photosynthetic efficiency, using light up to 40 times more efficiently than higher plants. Microalgae are among the most productive organisms on the planet.
Elements and electrolytes in Phytoplankton are almost tailor made for the human body. Over-reliance on land based food sources often leads to deficiencies in micronutrients and trace elements. Our bodies need these elements to perform as nature intended. Left to its own devices, the human body has a marvelous system called homeostasis which keeps all systems in balance. Take away some critical component and the body experiences malfunctions that cause suboptimal performance. Too many malfunctions cause disease.


text:
Trump-Russia Timeline
No Choice Video Series
"Listening to America" Timeline
Rikers Film
Memo Restoring Use of Private Prisons Is Good News for One Company
There is an obvious trail from Jeff Sessions to a major contractor.
By David Dayen | February 28, 2017
Memo Restoring Private Prisons Is Good News for One Company
Attorney General Jeff Sessions holds a meeting with the heads of federal law enforcement components at the Department of Justice Feb. 9, 2017 in Washington, DC. (Photo by Susan Walsh-Pool/Getty Images)
This post originally appeared at The Nation.
Attorney General Jeff Sessions' four-sentence memo rescinding Justice Department guidance to reduce the use of private prisons sent stock soaring for the two companies that dominate the industry, Geo Group and CoreCivic (formerly Corrections Corporation of America). That's not necessarily because the memo will lead to a ramp-up in Geo- or CoreCivic-run federal prisons. As of December 2015, about 12 percent of all inmates in federal prisons were housed in private facilities, representing only 22,660 inmates. That certainly won't decline under Sessions, but he didn't promise to increase it substantially. "I direct the [Bureau of Prisons] to return to its previous approach," Sessions wrote. Anyway, DoJ renewed a pair of contracts with CoreCivic despite the now-scuttled order, so it's unclear if the status quo ever stopped.
As of December 2015, about 12 percent of all inmates in federal prisons were housed in private facilities, representing only 22,660 inmates.
But the high-profile memo does matter because of the precedent. States and federal agencies that might have otherwise been wary of the negative perception of private prisons, and their often horrific outcomes, can now rest easy.
The Department of Homeland Security in particular is preparing for a boom in detention facilities to house undocumented immigrants awaiting deportation. This could increase the population under detention by as much as four-fold. Incidentally, if immigrants face criminal prosecution for entering the country illegally, that could increase those held in Bureau of Prisons facilities overseen by the Justice Department. This could be what Sessions meant in his memo about needing flexibility "to meet the future needs of the federal correctional system."
A majority of current immigration- and family-detention facilities, 62 percent, are privately run. Though DHS never joined DoJ in recommending a phase-out, it did issue a report revealing the inferior quality of private detention centers relative to federally run ones, and an advisory council supported phasing out the private facilities. But now that the attorney general has given his stamp of approval, the industry has been rehabilitated.
A majority of current immigration- and family-detention facilities, 62 percent, are privately run.
The seeds of Sessions' evangelism for private prisons, and the future of the industry, were sown back in October, when two of his former Senate aides, David Stewart and Ryan Robichaux, became lobbyists for Geo Group. Stewart and Robichaux, who represent the lobbying firm Bradley Arant Boult Cummings, were specifically hired to deal with federal government contracting. The bet that Trump might win the presidency and tap Sessions, one of his earliest supporters, for a powerful position in the government paid off.
It's not like Sessions wouldn't have boosted private prisons had his staffers not gone to work for the industry. Trump touted private prisons as far back as last March. And Sessions' history with the industry goes back 20 years. As attorney general of Alabama, he approved the use of private prisons in the state in an advisory opinion in 1996. As senator he helped secure a federal contact for undocumented immigrant detention in a facility in Perry County, Alabama, though it was eventually canceled. In a 2010 hearing, Sessions said, "I do think there is a role for private prisons in the American system," backing a nominee to run the US Marshals Service who had ties to the industry.
So the presence of Stewart and Robichaux didn't tip Sessions into the private-prison industry's corner. However, it may give Geo Group a leg up in its perennial battle with CoreCivic for market share. Geo had already positioned itself with Trump during the campaign. A subsidiary of Geo gave $225,000 to a pro-Trump Super PAC, in violation of restrictions on federal contractors from political donations. Needless to say, the Federal Election Commission has done nothing with this information. And the return on investment could prove to be enormous.
"With respect to detention services," said Geo Group CEO George Zoley on a recent investor call, "we would continue to be the largest provider of detention services to the three largest government agencies, that is ICE, the Bureau of Prisons and the US Marshals Service." The prominence of Sessions aides' lobbying for Geo should be enough to push them past CoreCivic, expanding their share of federal contracts even more. This is simple pay-to-play favoritism.
CoreCivic has tried to catch up, with a $250,000 donation to Trump's inauguration fund. But the inside connections at Geo Group between Sessions and his ex-staffers could be too much for CoreCivic to handle. And federally run facilities, shown in the Justice Department studies that prompted the original guidance to operate at a far higher quality, have little shot of competing with Geo. If history is any guide, that will mean more incidents of violence, more security deficiencies, more contraband smuggling, more use of harrowing solitary confinement and simply more danger.
It's not just that the Sessions memo is good news for the private-prison industry in general. It's good for Geo Group in particular. That's precisely the type of crony capitalism and picking of winners and losers that conservatives have paid lip service to wanting to prevent for years. In Trump's America, success is just one well-chosen lobbyist away.
TOPICS: Justice
TAGS: conflict of interest, department of justice, geo group, jeff sessions, private prisons
David Dayen
David Dayen is the author of Chain of Title: How Three Ordinary Americans Uncovered Wall Street's Great Foreclosure Fraud, winner of the Studs and Ida Terkel Prize. Follow him on Twitter: @ddayen.
Moyers and Bacevich on "The Age of Illusions"
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Unfortunately, it's not that simple; there's no guaranteed solution for creating the world's best webinar, and unlike within the world of free novelty t-shirts, one size does not fit all. However, you can make things a bit easier by implementing industry best practices, taking advice from seasoned industry experts (that's us) and putting the hard work in.
While there's no pre-webinar checklist to promising the generation of leads, sales or success, there are certainly things you can do to increase the likelihood of closing more business, hosting a better webinar, and just generally being more awesome. Keep reading and you'll find them out - this is our very own take on the webinar checklist.
We've spoken a lot about this before, but we'll say it again because it's so important: you need to choose a relevant topic that has real worth. You need to start by identifying exactly why you want to host a webinar, what it's going to aim to cover - for example, does it tackle an industry pain point? - and then set clear goals for what you hope to gain from it.
Consult and liaise with other departments. Say your webinar is coinciding with a new sales pitch, or you're demonstrating a full product launch, then your sales department would be the perfect team to work with in deciding not only on your goals, but your plan of action.
Once you know why you're hosting your webinar, consider who you're hosting it for. Is your target audience at the top or bottom of the sales funnel? Are you targeting new leads or communicating with previous clients? These will help with the initial planning process.
What kind of webinar works the best with not only your chosen subject, but your goals?
Once you've identified - for example, whether you're holding a Q&A or thought leadership webinar - you can shape the first outline of your plan around it. You can also consider whether to bring in co-hosts or other tools and begin to make bigger decisions.
This decision will be influenced by the requirements of your webinar; for example, video, audio, and visual tools. Will you require your attendees to have access to resources? Will you need to implement polls or other additional content?
If so, you need to make sure your provider can facilitate this. A lot of webcasting platforms promise a whole lot of versatility and then never deliver. It's one of the key reasons we always say to ask for a free trial before subscribing to any webinar software - then you can see for yourself what you have access to.
Our FastCast system is one of the most versatile on the market if you're looking to use additional resources that'll make your webinar more interactive and engaging. Plus, we offer free trials and one-off solutions instead of subscription-only services. Just sayin'.
Once you've got the bones of your webinar, you can begin the proper planning process. This is where things get quite exciting - you'll be able to start researching your topic thoroughly and making those big decisions.
It's also the time you can begin the writing process. And we don't just mean the webinar script here; it's an important time to start ensuring all of your website and social content is up to date, as well as being well-written and relevant to your potential leads. If your webinar manages to hook some new clients and get them to the top of the sales funnel, you don't want to lose them by offering out of date or low quality content later.
That said, a script is important - us humans aren't built for thinking on our feet and only some are blessed with the skills to pull it off. Most of us just go off on tangents, look a bit silly, and your audience won't thank you for it. After the planning stage is complete, and you know what you want to say - and have a clear CTA to accompany your content - it's about finding the best and most compelling way to say it concisely.
Remember, ensure that your topic is fully and thoroughly researched. Know what you're talking about so that you can offer new, fresh ideas and content. That's how you'll sell your ideas, your product, or even yourself to potential B2B clients.
And do so nice and early. The whole process we're talking about here should be over the duration of several weeks or even months worth of work. Of course, last minute webinars are possible, but speed should never take priority over quality work and good content.
Set up a registration page to begin to garner interest early on - once you've set a definite topic, CTA, platform and date.
Promote via social media, using platforms like LinkedIn and Twitter to reach out to wider communities within your industry and hopefully generate new leads. Remember, even if you get more sign-ups than actual attendees, these are real people with a genuine interest in your topic that you can reach out to later. So ensure all of your promotional content and registration copy is engaging, compelling, and perfect for drawing interest in you and your company.
We can't stress this enough. Start practicing as soon as possible, even if there's plenty of time to go until your actual webinar. Run through the script, test the compatibility of your script with your platform and ensure that all of your resources work in concordance with your plan.
Keep working with the members of your team, rehash content that doesn't work, and make sure that your CTA is running clearly throughout everything to incentivise your attendees. Webinars are hefty pieces of long-form content that are time-consuming and costly to make. If you're not putting your all into ensuring their production is second-to-none and the content as high quality as possible, then your wasting your resources.
Your webinar is around the corner, after weeks of work. It's time to be getting excited, but also to be tying up any loose ends, epitomising your quality checks and adding the final touches.
Ensure that everything is prepared; your script checked and practiced, your webcasting platform fully trialled and compatible with any external resources.
Check your visuals, including branding and design. If you've got a chatbox or hashtag planned for engaging with attendees whilst live, make sure these are prepared and functioning as planned. Check your downloadable resources are working and that all of your tools are well integrated.
Make sure you have live support from your provider in case there should be any technical difficulties. Not to humble brag (again), but our name is a literal one - with FastCast, you have support from us 24/7.
Do a proper soundcheck, using all of your tools, resources, visuals, videos, and ensure that your co-hosts are prepared.
Check your equipment, make sure that your microphone and audio are working - have a colleague join the webinar and feedback to you if there are any problems.
Check your surroundings for any background noise or possible interruptions and ensure these won't pose a problem.
If you're well prepared, this part will hopefully be a breeze. Though we can all experience inevitable technical difficulties sometimes, your audience will understand that you're live and sometimes these things do happen, as long as these are genuine and not just an example of a lack of preparation.
Have your webinar provider at the ready should there be any problems, and don't let your nerves get you down. Whether this is your first webinar or your 100th, it's totally natural to get an attack of goosebumps - just don't let it distract from the task at hand.
Nope - or at least, not if you want to make the most of all the work that you've just done. Well done by the way - we bet your webinar was a smash.
Anyway, now it's onto step two.
It's time to start measuring all of those analytics and that juicy data you collected during the webinar; this will help you measure the success of the webinar itself, which can then be translated into future marketing and sales strategies.
Next, follow-up. Start a discussion, incentivise the no-shows to go in and watch the webinar - you'll be pleased to know with a system like ours, their analytics will also be collected.
Finally, repurpose. Put all of that work and research into fragments of fresh new content for your website, social channels or blog.
We go into all of these in more detail in our blog What to Do When Your Webinar Finishes, which is well worth a read. After all, you've put all of that work in - make sure you get everything you possibly can out of it!
We hope our guide has helped a few of you - whether you needed reminding to tie up those loose ends, or if your poor, content-marketing brain is just a bit frazzled from all of the planning and needed a reminder. We've got more tips and tricks dotted around our Knowledge Bank for you, but if you have any other questions, get in touch any time!


text:
Does God Really Exist?
The Atheism Debate Made Simple
Blogging About Religion
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Panic At The Disco Lyrics Gospel
Posted byadmin	 March 11, 2019 March 11, 2019
The video for "This is Gospel," a track appearing on 2013's. Urie excels in this particular department. Writing lyrics is what keeps Panic! At The Disco original in the first place.
St Pius X Church North Vancouver She graduated from St. Pius X High School in. communicant of Holy Family Church and an avid New York Yankee fan. Surviving besides her husband are a son, Sabatino A. (Sam) Luciani II and his compan. Va Beach United Methodist Church Welcome to the virtual home of Thalia United Methodist Church! We are located one
the WBC lyrics include about a dozen pejoratives in reference to the LGBTQ community in particular, and humanity in general. The church's video initiated a series of Twitter correspondence between the.
He could be saying this is basically how the church is nowadays. This theory partains to the lyrics excellently, but more so the video. "This is gospel, for the fallen ones locked away in permanent slumber" This may possibly partain to the ignorant people who have fallen into the "trances" of the church.
This evolution is happening in result of Brendon being the only remaining Panic! member left. I actually saw a Tumblr post about the video's tie with the "This Is Gospel. "The Emperor's New Clothes.
Opening Prayer For A Bible Study Jun 13, 2017 · How to Study the Bible. It is important to thoroughly read the Bible, but simply reading the Bible is not the same as studying. The Divine Word of God deserves respect and ought to be understood and practiced. The Bible is one of the most. What are the keys that make these
DJs often liken their sets to journeys, but Panic! at the Disco's catalog is a rare. Singer Brendon Urie's powerful vocals and wit-dripping lyrics shone over crunchy guitars and driving drums, mark.
Lyrics to "All The Boys" song by Panic! At The Disco: She don't leave makeup After her kiss All the boys at night Think that she's theirs All the secrets.
Lyrics to 'This Is Gospel' by Panic! At the Disco: Cause these words are knives that often leave scars The fear of falling apart
View Panic! At the Disco song lyrics by popularity along with songs featured in, albums, videos and song meanings. We have 10 albums and 144 song lyrics in our database.
Nicotine is a song by Panic! At The Disco on Too Weird to Live, Too Rare to Die!. It was also released on the Nicotine EP. Cross my heart and hope to die
PANIC! AT THE DISCO This Is Gospel Lyrics. This is gospel for the fallen ones Locked away in permanent slumber Assembling their philosophies From pieces of broken memories Oh oh oh oh oh oh This is the beat of my heart Oh oh oh oh oh oh This is the.
This Is Gospel – Panic! At the Disco Lyrics. This is Gospel for the fallen ones Locked away in permanent slumber Assembling their philosophies From pieces of broken memoriesOh Woah-oh (This is the beat of my heart This is the beat of my heart) Oh Woah-oh
Read or print original This Is Gospel lyrics 2019 updated! This is gospel for the fallen ones / Locked away in permanent slumber. Panic! At The Disco – This Is Gospel Lyrics. from album: Too Weird to Live, Too Rare to Die! (2013) This is gospel for the fallen ones.
Bethel Baptist Church Live Stream The Journey With laMarr Woodley Weekly Broadcasts Seen on the Word Network That's how the light gets in." — from "Anthem," by Leonard Cohen, (1934-2016) The stained-glass windows at Bethel Baptist Church in West Scranton are nearly a century old. The light streaming through. Can't make it to church on Sunday? That's okay! We offer
Ahead of going out on its full-fledged Pray for the Wicked North American Tour in July, pop rock band Panic! at the Disco is making its way across. crowd roared – and I mean roared – back the lyric.
The official video of "High Hopes" by Panic! At The Disco from the album 'Pray For The Wicked'. No matter how hard your dreams seem, keep going.
At the Disco phase when I was in middle or high school. In fact, for years I could never tell the difference between a Fall Out Boy or Panic! song, due to similarities in their contemporary punk rock.
"Roaring 20s" describes Brendon Urie's experience playing Charlie Price in the Broadway musical Kinky Boots. Urie was "raised on musicals" and found himself infatuated with The Sound of Music and listened to a live record of Les Miserables "religiously".
Va Beach United Methodist Church Welcome to the virtual home of Thalia United Methodist Church! We are located one mile east of Town Center in Virginia Beach. Our mission is to educate and. Did John Write The Gospel Of John A careful examination of this material repays any student of John's Gospel many. the stronger of the two, though it
But the kids who came out to see Panic! at the Disco play the Theater at Madison Square Garden didn't realize it had left. Playing the all-important New York date of the This Is Gospel headlining tour.
3. "This Is Gospel" (Too Weird To Live, Too Rare To Die!, 2013) Who hasn't heard the lyrics, "If you love me, let me go!" before? "This Is Gospel" peaked at number 86 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles.
Panic! At the Disco – This Is Gospel Lyrics. This is Gospel for the fallen ones Locked away in permanent slumber Assembling their philosophies From pieces of broken memories Oh Woah-oh. Lyrics. Popular Song Lyrics. Billboard Hot 100. Upcoming Lyrics. Recently Added. Top Lyrics of 2011.
It may be hard to believe for those of us who remember their humble beginnings, but Panic! at the Disco is bigger now than they've. to his former bandmates with a performance of "This Is Gospel." T.
Lyrics to "This Is Gospel" song by Panic! At The Disco: This is gospel for the fallen ones Locked away in permanent slumber Assembling their philosophies Fr.
Aug 11, 2013 · Panic! At The Disco's music video for 'This Is Gospel' from the new album, Too Weird To Live, Too Rare To Die! – out now on DCD2 Records / Fueled By Ramen. S.
When Panic At The Disco's drummer and founding member Spencer Smith left. giving up his solo status in that arena — though the romantic ambivalence and irreverence of certain lyrics here are bound.
Official site for Panic! At The Disco. Includes news, tour dates, videos, webstore, and more!
Panic! At The Disco will be performing at Phoenix. Eventually Urie came up with the album's anthemic core:"Vegas Lights," "This Is Gospel," "Nicotine," "Girls/Girls/Boys," and the new single "Miss.
Panic At The Disco This Is Gospel Lyrics. This Is Gospel lyrics performed by Panic At The Disco: This is gospel for the fallen ones locked away in permanent slumber. the fear the fear of falling apart Oh oh oh oh oh This is the beat of my heart Oh oh oh oh oh This is the beat of my heart This is gospel for the vagabonds,
Not really sure if I loved this or not. It was a slightly disturbing visual experience. Panic! at the Disco, aka. Brendon Urie, premiered the music video for the latest single, it seems, from "Death o.
Sacred Heart Church New Year Mass Marilyn was born August 23, 1943 in New York, NY to the late Frank and Lena Ruggiero Catricala. Marilyn worked as a bank teller for many years and then at Sacred Heart Church in Byram. Marilyn is. Wellington's Sacred Heart Cathedral has abruptly closed, and could remain so for years. Church refit could show Christchurch
At The Disco has undergone loads of changes from the superficially nonsensical lyrics and titles of their early. behind the religious themes frequently seen in Panic's music ("This Is Gospel," "Say.
The song's shifty beat and rapid lyrics add to a sense of losing. gritty beat of "Miss Jackson," "This is Gospel," the first track on the album, is more akin to the emo-rock beats Panic! At the Dis.
The Lyrics for This Is Gospel by Panic! At the Disco have been translated into 31 languages This is Gospel for the fallen ones Locked away in permanent slumber Assembling their philosophies
Read Panic! At The Disco: "This Is Gospel" from the story Song Lyrics by AiLwaG with 46 reads. imightputsomeofmyrantshere, oor, oneokrock. This is gospel for t.
A black and white flipping time clock tick-tocked on the jumbo screen of the CHI Health Center in Omaha on Friday night, intensifying the anticipation of thousands waiting to see Panic! At The Disco's.
This Is Gospel – Panic! At the Disco Lyrics. This is Gospel for the fallen ones Locked away in permanent slumber Assembling their philosophies From pieces of broken memoriesOh Woah-oh (This is the beat of my heart This is the beat of my heart) Oh Woah-oh (This is the beat of my heart This is the beat of my heart)The gnashing teeth and criminal.
Panic! At The Disco- This Is Gospel (Piano Version) This Is Gospel is a single from the album Too Weird to Live, Too Rare to Die!.It has a running time of 3:06 and is the 1st song on the album Lyrics
Posted byadmin March 11, 2019 March 11, 2019 Posted inBlogging About God
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text:
Q: Perl script giving un predictable results I am very new to Perl. I wrote a script to display user name from Linux passwd file.
It displays list of user name but then it also display user ids (which I am not trying to display at the moment) and at the end it displays "List of users ids and names:" which it should display before displaying list of names.
Any idea why it is behaving like this?
 #!/usr/bin/perl
 @names=system("cat /etc/passwd | cut -f 1 -d :");
 @ids=system("cat /etc/passwd | cut -f 3 -d :");
 $length=@ids;
 $i=0;
 print "List of users ids and names:\n";
 while ($i < $length) {
    print $names[$i];
    $i +=1;
 }

A: Short answer: system doesn't return output from a command; it returns the exit value. As the output of the cut isn't redirected, it prints to the current STDOUT (e.g. your terminal). Use open or qx// quotes (aka backticks) to capture output:
@names = `cat /etc/passwd | cut -f 1 -d :`;

As you are still learning Perl, here is a write-up detailing how I'd solve that problem:
First, always use strict; use warnings; at the beginning of your script. This helps preventing and detecting many problems, which makes it an invaluable help.
Next, starting a shell when everything could be done inside Perl is inefficient (your solution starts six unneccessary processes (two sets of sh, cat, cut)). In fact, cat is useless even in the shell version; just use shell redirection operators: cut ... </etc/passwd.
To open a file in Perl, we'll do
use autodie; # automatic error handling
open my $passwd, "<", "/etc/passwd";

The "<" is the mode (here: reading). The $passwd variable now holds a file handle from which we can read lines like <$passwd>. The lines still contain a newline, so we'll chomp the variable (remove the line ending):
while (<$passwd>) {  # <> operator reads into $_ by default
  chomp; # defaults to $_
  ...
}

The split builtin takes a regex that matches separators, a string (defaults to $_ variable), and a optional limit. It returns a list of fields. To split a string with : seperator, we'll do
my @fields = split /:/;

The left hand side doesn't have to be an array, we can also supply a list of variables. This matches the list on the right, and assigns one element to each variable. If we want to skip a field, we name it undef:
my ($user, undef, $id) = split /:/;

Now we just want to print the user. We can use the print command for that:
print "$user\n";

From perl5 v10 on, we can use the say feature. This behaves exactly like print, but auto-appends a newline to the output:
say $user;

And voilà, we have our final script:
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict; use warnings; use autodie; use feature 'say';

open my $passwd, "<", "/etc/passwd";

while (<$passwd>) {
  chomp;
  my ($user, undef, $id) = split /:/;
  say $user;
}

Edit for antique perls
The autodie module was forst distributed as a core module with v10.1. Also, the feature 'say' isn't available before v10.
Therefore, we must use print instead of say and do manual error handling:
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict; use warnings;

open my $passwd, "<", "/etc/passwd" or die "Can't open /etc/passwd: $!";

while (<$passwd>) {
  chomp;
  my ($user, undef, $id) = split /:/;
  print "$user\n";
}

The open returns a false value when it fails. In that case, the $! variable will hold the reason for the error.

A: For reading of system databases you should use proper system functions:
use feature qw(say);

while (
    my ($name,    $passwd, $uid, $gid,   $quota,
        $comment, $gcos,   $dir, $shell, $expire
    )
    = getpwent
    )
{
    say "$uid $name";
}

A: If you're scanning the entire password file, you can use getpwent():
while( my @pw = getpwent() ){
  print "@pw\n";
}

See perldoc -f getpwent.


text:
Ransomware Closes DCH Hospitals In Tuscaloosa, Northport, and Fayette
Written by Brent Wilson on October 1, 2019
All three hospitals of the DCH Health System in West Alabama were closed Tuesday to new patients due to a ransomware attack on their computer system.
The hospitals are located in Tuscaloosa, Northport and Fayette, AL.
In a statement published on their website, DCH said that they have experienced a ransomware attack and that a criminal is limiting their ability to use their computer systems. The attacker has demanded money but an exact amount was not given as of writing this.
"Our hospitals have implemented our emergency procedures to ensure safe and efficient operations in the event technology dependent on computers is not available," the message stated. "That said, we feel it is in the best interest of patient safety that DCH Regional Medical Center, Northport Medical Center and Fayette Medical Center are closed to all but the most critical new patients. Our staff is caring for the patients who are currently in the hospital, and we have no plans to transfer current patients."
Anyone scheduled for an outpatient procedure or test has been instructed to call before they come. Ambulances have been instructed to take patients to other hospitals if at all possible. Anyone brought to the hospital by ambulance will be transferred elsewhere once stabilized.
The message ended stating that they will continue to provide updates on their website, https://www.dchsystem.com/.
Ransomware attacks use encryption to make data inaccessible without a master password or key, making it nearly impossible for those under attack to unlock their data without giving in to the attacker.
Update: Oct. 2, 2019
DCH Health System is in the process of responding to a ransomware attack that has disrupted access to computer systems at DCH Regional Medical Center, Northport Medical Center and Fayette Medical Center. While prioritizing patient care and safety, we are investigating all options for swiftly and securely restoring our IT systems.
Although the attack has impacted DCH's ability to accept new patients, we are still able to provide critical medical services to those who need it. Patients who have non-emergency medical needs are encouraged to seek assistance from other providers while DCH works to restore our systems. We sincerely apologize for any inconvenience or concern caused by this incident.
Upon discovery of the incident early on Oct. 1, we immediately implemented emergency procedures to continue providing safe and patient-centered care, and we initiated a comprehensive response that included coordination with law enforcement and engaging independent IT security and forensics experts who are working around the clock to help us understand and resolve this incident. While IT systems are down, medical staff have shifted operations into manual mode and are using paper copies in place of digital records to provide safe care to our patients.
At this time, we have no indication that any data has been misused or removed from our system. However, we are committed to completing a full forensic investigation following the resolution of this outage, and we will take all appropriate action in response to our findings.
Our staff of local doctors and nurses are responding to the community's urgent needs and the needs of current patients in our hospitals. Rest assured, we are maintaining our high standards of care.
Some outpatient procedures are still being conducted at DCH hospitals. If a patient has a scheduled procedure or test at a DCH hospital, they should call the hospital or their healthcare provider to confirm the appointment. DCH Home Health and DCH Home Medical Equipment are fully operational.
Update: Thursday, Oct. 3, 3:30 p.m.
DCH continues its efforts to recover from a cyberattack that began on Oct. 1. While the attack continues to impact DCH's ability to accept new patients, we are still able to provide critical medical services to those who need it. Patients who have non-emergency medical needs are encouraged to seek assistance from other providers while DCH works to restore our systems.
Outpatient procedures and surgeries scheduled for Friday, Oct. 4 will continue as scheduled. If a patient has a scheduled procedure or test at a DCH hospital, they should call the hospital or their healthcare provider to confirm the appointment.
DCH Home Health and DCH Home Medical Equipment are fully operational.
We sincerely apologize for any inconvenience or concern caused by this incident.
Brent Wilson
Brent Wilson was born and raised in Huntsville, Alabama and is the Owner and Chief Editor of BamaPolitics.com.
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