Many beach communities want to stop erosion in its tracks. How long can they hold back the sea's advance?
Sections of Edisto Beach's shoreline have eroded with alarming speed, as much as 40 feet in a single year. Two years ago, a beachfront cottage was severely damaged during a nor'easter. The storm surge knocked down the seawall, undermined the house's pilings, and cracked the structure in half, leaving the oceanfront portion drooping into the sea.
Helen M. James, the cottage's owner, later had it torn down. The house was too expensive to repair, although it had been in her family since the 1930s, and she spent every summer there.
High tide floods pilings beneath numerous cottages along an eight-block stretch of the town's northeastern shoreline. Now Mayor Lyons wants the South Carolina legislature to help fund a multi-million dollar beach nourishment project for an adjacent state park that could protect these properties from erosion.
In its bond request package for the 2004 fiscal year, the state Parks, Recreation and Tourism agency will ask the legislature for $4 million to nourish Edisto Island State Park. Such a project would also help supply sand for the town's beach, which is immediately south of the park.
Sand along Edisto Beach moves north to south with downdrift currents, as it does along most of the South Carolina coast. If the town also ponied up $2 million to nourish its shoreline, the combination of state- and locally-funded projects could save many Edisto Island beachfront homes from future storm damage, says geologist Bill Eiser of the S.C. Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management (OCRM).
The state, however, has been mired in a multi-year budget crisis. "It's hard to say if the state will have that kind of money, considering the budget demands for courts, prisons, and education," says Chris Brooks, OCRM deputy commissioner. "It's going to be a real long shot." But Brooks is a strong supporter of nourishment as an investment in the state's beaches for tourism and economic development.
Edisto Beach is a typical oceanfront community in only one respect. People constructed homes on the shoreline with an expectation that the land would not disappear.
Rie Rone, James' daughter, recalls Edisto Beach when she was a girl. "I can remember in the late '50s walking down a boardwalk across the dune to reach the beach." Now the boardwalk is gone, the dune is gone, the house is gone, and the beach itself is gone at high tide.
James, who lives most of the year in Sumter, hopes that a potential nourishment project would widen Edisto Beach and protect her home.
Many beach communities have similarly turned to nourishment to hold back severe erosion and rising sea level. Projects have mined sand from pits on land and trucked it to the eroded beach; or dredged sand from offshore or a nearby tidal inlet and pumped it onto shore.
Studies show that artificially widening a beach can reduce damages from storm surges and waves during hurricanes and nor'easters. Nourishment projects also compensate those communities where federal navigation projects, such as harbor jetties, have robbed sand from downdrift beaches.
But critics argue that nourishment is often short-term, expensive, and wasteful, drawing development to vulnerable locations.
Who pays for beach nourishment? Taxpayers in places like Greenville and Spartanburg and Omaha and Kansas City have helped fund the vast majority of nourishment projects. Who benefits? Beachfront property owners and beachgoers clearly benefit. Beyond that, there is plenty of debate.
South Carolina planners point out that wide sandy beaches are the central attraction of the state's coastal tourism, which draws billions in revenue each year, and supports local businesses that employ thousands. "If you look at the tourism industry and the money it brings in, it makes sense economically to nourish beaches," says Steve Moore, OCRM director of planning.
If tourism declined, so would the enormous tax stream from visitor spending at local, state, and federal levels. This loss would particularly hurt county and state budgets, and taxpayers would have to make up the difference.
During the 1980s and 1990s, South Carolina's beaches were nourished at an average cost of almost $3 million a year from all sources, says Brooks. Localities or private communities paid the entire bill in a few instances. The federal government, through the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, supported most projects with matching funds provided by the state and localities.
During the 1990s, total state expenditures for nourishment projects were $25.5 million. Yet South Carolina has not funded any projects for the past three fiscal years. And while federal funding for nourishment nationwide has risen from $79 million in 1995 to $135 million in 2002, desperate oceanfront communities are fiercely competing for those funds.
After nearly 20 years of nourishment projects, the state's beaches "reached a peak in 1999 in what we call 'healthy beaches' based on the amount of sand in the (oceanfront) profile," says Brooks. The percentage of "healthy beaches" has declined slightly over the past three years, largely because state funding has diminished, he says.
Pilkey, however, dissents. An artifically plumped-up beach is not a "healthy" shoreline, he argues. In his view, a healthy beach is one that can migrate naturally.
In any case, several developed South Carolina beaches still have localized hotspots of severe erosion: Garden City, DeBordieu Island, Daufuskie Island, Hilton Head Island, Folly Beach, Sullivans Island, and Isle of Palms.
Edisto Beach has one of the worst erosion problems in the state. Sand that used to reach the town and the park becomes naturally trapped north of Edisto Island.
The irony is that nearly all Edisto Beach cottages at risk were constructed after the S.C. Highway Department nourished that shoreline during the 1950s and built groins to hold the material in place. The highway department reportedly used mud and crushed oyster shells from inland pits to fill in the shore. The heavy oyster gravel made the coastline stable for decades, and dozens of homes were built there. But no one would use this material for beaches today because it's too coarse.
Now the town of Edisto Beach hopes that the state legislature will fund a nourishment project that could provide some storm protection for dozens of homes drawn to that location because of another nourishment project decades ago.
Edisto Beach's dramatic erosion is unusual; beaches distant from tidal inlets rarely retreat at 40 feet in a single year. But its retreating shoreline could foreshadow the long-term fate of many beaches in eastern North America.
Nourishment alone will not stop an inexorable rise of the sea. Over the past 80 years, sea level has risen 10 inches at Charleston, measured by a NOAA monitoring station located in the harbor. Even a tiny rise in sea level can threaten huge numbers of coastal properties. "It doesn't take much of a sea level rise to flood a great deal of land," says James T. Morris, marine biologist at the University of South Carolina.
As a rule of thumb, a one-foot rise in sea level translates into 100 feet of shoreline retreat, all other factors being equal, according to Stephen P. Leatherman, director of the International Hurricane Research Center & Laboratory for Coastal Research at Florida International University in Miami.
Some coastlines are also sinking due to natural factors such as compaction of sediments, shifting geological faults, and intensive pumping of groundwater and fossil fuels. These factors frequently cause far swifter shoreline erosion than does sea level rise.
Some South Carolina beaches are retreating slowly, while others are accreting—that is, building out. Accretion and erosion occur naturally along the entire coast. In most places, change is invisible. In other places, it is dramatic and volatile. A stretch of beach near a tidal inlet can migrate inland hundreds of feet over a few years, then accrete a similar distance over a few years, and then retreat once more. A house with hundreds of feet of beachfront one summer can have seawater washing underneath it the next.
Most South Carolina beaches are relatively stable over the short term. But the long-term trend is toward higher seas and eroding shorelines.
Sea level rise will probably accelerate in the next hundred years, the great majority of climate scientists agree. The Earth's average surface temperature is expected to warm more rapidly in coming decades, primarily due to a combination of natural warming and increasing greenhouse gases from manmade pollutants.
As ocean water warms, it expands, pushing the sea higher up shorelines. Ice caps, ice fields, and mountain glaciers will likely continue melting, providing increased freshwater to oceans.
Even the most skeptical climate scientists acknowledge that the next century's rate of warming will be more than double the past century's. Worldwide sea level, therefore, is expected to rise by about 19 inches on average by 2100, according to the World Water Council, an international water agency.
Some communities could see dramatic shoreline changes long before that. As sea level rises, large storms will increasingly cause erosion and greater damages to structures along the oceanfront. But shoreline retreat won't be uniform. There probably will be even more severe extremes of erosion in some areas, while other areas will hold relatively firm, says Paul Gayes, a marine scientist at Coastal Carolina University.
Tourists swarm to sandy beaches around the world, dipping into the sea from California to Hawaii to Australia to southern Europe and North America from New York to Texas. The seashore is still the world's favorite getaway spot. An ocean view, hot sand at your feet—that's the modern paradise fantasy for vacation or retirement.
Millions upon millions want to stay—for a brief idyll or for the rest of their lives—close to the sea. That's one reason why many oceanfront properties are among the most expensive vacation real-estate investments.
Only a few generations ago, sensible people built modest shacks on southern oceanfronts, because homes there were likely to get damaged or knocked down by big storms.
But since the 1950s, southern beaches have become densely built with high-rise hotels and condo complexes, plus expensive second homes and vacation rentals that resemble mini-castles jacked up on pilings. Low-key beach communities continue to be transformed into crowded, bustling tourism centers.
A recent study by the NOAA Coastal Services Center found cost information on 242 of 333 nourishment projects completed since 1950, funded by federal, state, county, local, and private sources. Cost information is difficult to locate on the other 91 projects, which were small or have exclusively state or local funding.
About $2.5 billion (in current dollars) was poured into beach nourishment from 1950 to 2002, the study showed. Since the 1950s, nourishment funding has risen sharply every decade, with the exception of the 1980s when it dipped slightly. During the decade of the 1960s, it cost taxpayers about $95 million (current dollars) to replenish beaches. In the decade of the 1990s, nourishment projects cost $835 million.
"Through beach nourishment, the government is subsidizing development in these dangerous places," says Pilkey.
Oceanfront housing density has increased soon after sand has been poured onto some beaches, Pilkey adds. In several communities in North Carolina (Atlantic Beach, Carolina Beach, Nags Head, and Kill Devil Hills) and South Carolina (Garden City and Folly Beach), numerous single-family homes have been torn down and replaced by multi-family apartment buildings and condominiums within several years after nourishment projects were completed, Pilkey says.
Along with federal flood insurance, beach nourishment draws more intensive development to the seashore, most experts agree. And because many millions of dollars worth of sand has been pumped on beaches, more valuable structures are at risk from large storms. Taxpayers in the future will be asked to pay for replenishment projects to protect those buildings, says Pilkey.
Oceanfront property owners are the greatest beneficiaries of nourishment. "We have seen property values along the beach rise dramatically and fairly quickly after nourishment projects," says Andy Coburn, associate director of the Program for the Study of Developed Shorelines.
Since a federal/state project was completed on Folly Beach in 1993, for example, the value of beachfront lots has risen dramatically. Oceanfront lots that sold for $150,000 a decade ago now sell for as much as $850,000.
But even back-island properties have benefited. Lots a few blocks inland that cost $30,000 in the mid-1990s now can be sold for $200,000.
"Look at the property values at Folly Beach, and you can see a tremendous change through the whole island since renourishment," says Tim Kana, president of CS&E, a coastal engineering firm in Columbia, who argues that since beach-town dwellers benefit most, they should pay a lion's share of nourishment costs.
Before World War II, most U.S. beaches were undeveloped or lightly developed. Beaches moved naturally inland when the sea drowned the shore. Property owners lost their houses or moved them.
But starting in New Jersey in the 1960s, beachfront property owners began installing erosion-control structures to protect their investments, and landowners in other states quickly followed suit, armoring the shoreline with seawalls, bulkheads, and similar hard structures.
The problem with seawalls is that they allow waves to scour away sand and prevent beaches from naturally migrating inland. As a result, the beachfront disappears underwater.
By the 1980s, many South Carolina landowners would have lost their homes to storms and erosion if they hadn't built new seawalls and repaired old ones. But the public lost access to the dry beach in some areas. So coastal regulators discussed how to balance the public's right to enjoy the oceanfront against the need of private landowners to protect their property.
Policymakers debated whether to create a policy of retreat. The idea was that new buildings would be significantly set back from the ocean, and construction of new seawalls and repair of old ones would be prohibited.
In 1988, South Carolina was one of the first states to attempt an orderly retreat from the sea, when the S.C. General Assembly passed the Beachfront Management Act. The 1988 law established a narrow no-construction zone immediately behind the front beach dune, though farther landward from this "dead zone" people could build a home. But the "dead zone" rule, intended to set structures substantially back from the sea, did not last long.
In 1986, developer David H. Lucas purchased two oceanfront lots on the Isle of Palms for $975,000. However, any structure built there would be in the no-construction zone under the 1988 law. Because he was prohibited from building on his lots, Lucas argued that the 1988 law had illegally "taken" his shorefront lots. The state of South Carolina had rendered his property worthless, he said.
Lucas pointed to the Takings Clause of the Fifth Amendment, which says, "[N]or shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation." Lucas took the state to court, demanding compensation for his losses.
Lucas won in the U.S. Supreme Court in 1992, and a year later received a settlement of $1.55 million from the state, including the transfer of the two disputed lots to the state, which later sold them.
Yet even before Lucas v. S.C. Coastal Council was decided, the South Carolina legislature again revised the beachfront management law. This time, the legislature got rid of the "dead zone" restrictions, making it possible for some landowners to develop their oceanfront property if they have special permits.
Did the Lucas decision and the state law's revision eviscerate South Carolina's capacity to retreat from the ocean? No, says Brooks. "We're continually making decisions on beachfront development. We're moving structures back as far landward as we can on the lot and downsizing them." But many coastal parcels are shallow, lacking room to move back, Brooks acknowledges.
The principle behind the seawall provisions is simple. As storms destroy older seawalls, beaches naturally migrate inland. Beach migration eventually undermines oceanfront homes, which collapse or have to be abandoned.
Over the past decade, apparently just one South Carolina oceanfront building has lost its seawall. That one belonged to Helen M. James. Now she can probably rebuild the seawall because of a shortcoming in state law, coastal regulators say.
It is a little-known fact that landward sections of many South Carolina beachfront lots are outside of state authority in regard to seawalls.
Where you can build on the beachfront depends on several factors. First, you need to find the baseline, which is an invisible line running along the ridge of the front beach dune. If a seawall has replaced the dune, or the dune is gone, then the baseline is where the dune would have been.
Once the baseline is established, a second invisible line of jurisdiction—the setback line—is drawn. The setback line is usually defined by the local erosion rate. That is, the setback line is generally a projection of where the baseline will probably be in 40 years if erosion continues at the current pace along a particular beachfront. If a beach is eroding at a rate of one foot per year, then the setback line is 40 feet landward of the baseline. If a beachfront is stable or expanding seaward, then the setback line still has to be located a minimum of 20 feet landward of the baseline.
The setback line is important to understand for several reasons. Seaward of this line, property owners can build homes limited to 5,000 square feet of space. They cannot build large commercial structures. Moreover, they cannot build seawalls, bulkheads, revetments and other erosion-control structures parallel to the shoreline.
One problem is that the setback line sometimes does not reflect the dynamic reality of a beach. For instance, Edisto Beach's long-term erosion rate, measured over decades, is actually quite slow—only a half-foot per year. But its short-term erosion rate in many areas is explosive—40 feet in a single year. As a result, the setback line at Edisto Beach is located in some frequently flooded areas.
Another weakness of state law is that the setback line marks the landward limit of the state's jurisdiction.
If a beachfront lot is deep enough and a property owner has high ground to build a home and seawall more than 20 feet inland from the baseline, then in some cases he can build those structures in the lot's landward area, if a locality will allow it. And most localities do.
In other words, many property owners who have lost seawalls can simply retreat from the state's jurisdiction and rebuild them under local authority.
With such limits on their jurisdiction and authority, South Carolina coastal managers strongly support nourishment as a practical method to protect beaches. But this is a choice, most experts agree, that may have a limited time horizon. In a not-so-distant future, sea levels could rise so high and storm damage could become so expensive that nourishment would be ineffective or impractical in certain locations. "Some places are getting to the end of this temporary solution," says Gayes.
No one really knows when it will become impractical for many beaches to nourish, Eiser says. "By periodically nourishing you can hold off that imperceptible sea rise that occurs over decades." Still, you can't hold it off forever, he says.
In 1996, the Clinton administration sought to phase out federal backing for nourishment. The George W. Bush administration has wanted the same thing. Both administrations called for states and localities to bear an increasing share of shore replenishment costs.
Yet it didn't work. Over the past seven years, coastal states and communities have lobbied successfully for additional nourishment funds for major projects from Congress. Since 1996, Congress has funded at least six new 50-year beach maintenance projects around the country, says Marlowe, a lobbyist for American Shore and Beach Association, an influential organization representing many shoreline communities. Federal taxpayers fork over 60 percent of a project's cost, while states and localities pay 40 percent.
Current annual funding for 50-year federal beach replenishments, says Marlowe, is at least twice that of the pre-1996 era.
Many beach towns argue they are too poor or too small to pay several million dollars for an effective project. Besides, they support tourism, a cash cow for county, state, and federal budgets. Therefore, towns should receive county, state, and federal help in paying for beach replenishment. State and federal government should fund nourishment just as they do construction of highways and bridges that support the tourism industry, local officials say.
Beach towns, however, have discovered that erosion can move faster than Congress or state legislatures.
Communities must spend six to ten years on planning, feasibility studies, and lobbying before gaining congressional approval for a 50-year federal nourishment project. That's why some erosion-prone towns, desperate for sand, have given up on Congress and funded their own projects through accommodations taxes, special property tax assessments, neighborhood fees, and other local measures.
Edisto Beach has set up a committee to study "avenues for creative financing" to pay for nourishment on its own, says Mayor Lyons. The town has saved funds from its accommodations tax, but it could not alone pay $4 million to $6 million for a useful project, he says. Edisto Beach lacks the property tax base or intensive tourism business to service that level of debt.
Edisto Beach is not unique in this regard. "There are many, many beaches that do not have the economic base for nourishment," says Robert G. Dean, a coastal engineer at the University of Florida.
On the East Coast, modest cottage communities are an endangered species. Property taxes on beachfront land have skyrocketed. The cost of hazard insurance continues to go up. Only the wealthy or those who can draw lofty rental prices can afford to pay high costs of owning beach property in many places. Beachfronts have been gentrified, and many smaller cottages have been replaced by more valuable investments.
Edisto Beach faces special circumstances because of its exceptionally high erosion rate. But eventually, most beaches along the East and Gulf coasts will migrate inland too far, too fast for nourishment to save buildings from damaging storms. This migration could take numerous decades in many locations, while a few beaches might face this dilemma in a matter of years, says Gayes.
To preserve South Carolina's beaches over the long-term, oceanfront landowners will probably have to retreat from rising ocean waves. But, politically and economically, that seems unlikely over the short term. So, for now, nourishment is the only practical answer. Many coastal geologists, however, say that we are only postponing an inevitable retreat, and the longer we wait to pull back, the more costly and painful it will be.
Where will we find the sand to nourish beaches over the next several decades? And how much more will it cost?
In South Carolina, sand resources for nourishment projects are surprisingly scarce and not uniformly distributed, says Paul Gayes, a marine scientist at Coastal Carolina University. Sand for nourishment has to be a certain size. Moreover, transporting sand is so expensive that some sand deposits only a few miles offshore can be cost-prohibitive to pump onto the shoreline.
When nourishment sand is placed on the beach, it tends to become redistributed and dispersed, making it difficult to recycle. "So we'll need to find more resources over time," Gayes says. Future sand resources will probably be more numerous but smaller and farther from the areas to be nourished. All these factors will result in increased costs for future nourishment.
South Carolina has only recently begun mapping the location of sand resources along the coastline.
In 1994, the S.C. Sea Grant Consortium, in partnership with and with funding provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, began the Coastal Erosion Study. The ultimate goal is to establish a "sand budget" for the coastline.
Phase I, completed in 1999, focused on a surveillance of the mid-section of coastal South Carolina. This research, coastal managers say, has already provided useful information about the degree to which some South Carolina beaches are eroding and where some potential nourishment deposits of sand are located. Scientists are also studying offshore and nearshore geology, historical movement of the shoreline, and sediment volume and transport rates.
Researchers are compiling this information into an Internet-based GIS database that will be available to resource managers, beachfront communities, consultants, educators, and others.
To their surprise, scientists have discovered a giant shoal just a few kilometers offshore parallel to the Grand Strand shoreline. This massive shoal, which likely comprises beach-quality sand, could be a remnant of an ancient river channels that flowed north to south roughly as the Waccamaw River does today.
Scientists are studying processes that could be transporting significant volumes of sand from Grand Strand beachfront to this shoal, thereby increasing shoreline erosion. If dredged appropriately, however, the shoal might provide a renewable source of sand for nourishment projects.
Researchers on the project represent Coastal Carolina University, College of Charleston, Clemson University, University of South Carolina, Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, Georgia Southern University, Scripps Institute of Oceanography, and State University of West Georgia.
All nourishment projects should be locally funded, some experts say, because those who benefit most should pay for replenishment.
Local responsibility would have the added benefit of eliminating funding controversies over beach nourishment.
But even locally funded projects can cause hard feelings over money.
Some residents of private communities are battling over who should pay for beach nourishment to bulk up eroding shorelines. Because private communities lack public beach access, they can't get federal or state money for nourishment. Landowners must pay the entire bill.
At DeBordieu, a private community in Georgetown County, a seawall guarding eight homes from severe erosion needs repair, and the retreating beach must be nourished if those homes are to be saved.
Meanwhile, most of DeBordieu's shoreline is healthy and wide. Yet all property owners of DeBordieu had to help support a $2 million nourishment project in the winter of 1998.
All property owners were given a "special assessment" on a sliding scale that made beachfront dwellers pay the highest rates. But those who owned property on the wide beach section had to pay rates as high as those on the eroded area.
For the 1998 project, Huray paid $10,000 in the special assessment for two pieces of property.
In October 2003, the DeBordieu Colony Community Association requested a permit for a nourishment project to rebuild the beach again, drawing sand from the entrance to North Inlet.
The town of Edisto Beach eventually hopes to gain a 50-year U.S. Army Corps of Engineers nourishment maintenance project funded by Congress.
If Congress agrees, the federal government would pay 60 percent of the cost of periodically pumping sand onto the seashore for half a century; state government and localities would share the rest of the bill.
Before Congress can authorize one of these projects, a study must prove that the economic benefits of wider beaches for storm protection outweigh the long-term cost of pumping sand onto the beach and monitoring the project.
First, the Corps of Engineers studies the value of beachfront property that would be damaged in a storm under current eroded conditions. Then the agency compares the value of property that would be damaged if the beach were replenished, creating a buffer from a storm surge. If replenishment would save, say, $300 million worth of beachfront property, and the long-term cost of the project is considerably less, then a community can argue to Congress that the project should be funded.
In other words, the Corps of Engineers has to illustrate that a town has enough oceanfront property to warrant a multi-million-dollar sand replenishment project.
Would Edisto Beach, with its front row of modest cottages, qualify?
"Some communities don't have enough oceanfront development to justify federal nourishment projects," says Andy Coburn, associate director of Duke University Program for the Study of Developed Shorelines.
But Joe Jones, chief of planning for the Corps of Engineers Charleston District, says, "We have just as many projects in (low-density) communities as (high-density) communities. We are prone to have more projects in single-family beachfront communities" than those with high rises.
Dean, Cornelia. Against the Tide: The Battle for America's Beaches. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999.
Lencek, Lena and Gideon Bosker. The Beach: The History of Paradise on Earth. New York: Viking, 1998.


text:
Fulgurofusus merope is een slakkensoort uit de familie van de Turbinellidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1971 door F. M. Bayer.

Columbariidae

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


An alternative filling is rice which has been scented/coated with essential oil. Mix 1 cup of rice with 1 tsp of scented oil and place in a jar. Shake the jar several times a day for about a week or until the rice is once again dry and the oil has soaked in.... Lavender Essential Oil? What is that? Lavender Essential Oil (a.k.a Lavender Oil) is an essential oil obtained by steam distillation from the flower spikes of the lavender plant.
Making these lavender sachets is so simple and easy that it took the 10- and 11-year-old Girl Scouts about five minutes each to make 3 sets. If you aren't a child who's afraid of the hot glue gun, you could easily make a dozen or so in about the same amount of time. They come together very quickly.... It�s not necessary to add lavender essential oils to your sachets as these can be expensive. Simply give your sachets a toss and a shake from time to time to release nature�s fragrance! Here are some of my lavender sachets, all ready to go! With just a little bit of effort and time I now don�t have to spend money on fragrant sachets from the shops.
Decide if the sachet will include any lavender essential oil. Depending on where I plan to use the sachet I add about 15 drops of lavender essential oil to the flowers and toss. Depending on where I plan to use the sachet I add about 15 drops of lavender essential oil to the flowers and toss.
Fill your fabric pouch with dried lavender, or if you�d prefer, you can use essential oils and cotton balls. Add a drop of essential oil to each cotton ball, wait a minute for it to dry a bit, then stuff the fabric pouch full of cotton balls.
Making these lavender sachets is so simple and easy that it took the 10- and 11-year-old Girl Scouts about five minutes each to make 3 sets. If you aren't a child who's afraid of the hot glue gun, you could easily make a dozen or so in about the same amount of time. They come together very quickly.


Our Holiday Party organizer in chief - Donna Funk is reminding club members to let her know what food they will be bringing to our party on Monday December 16th.
So far, we have a lot of members bringing desserts (mostly cookies), ziti, meatballs, Swedish meatballs, pizza, coffee and a large sub sandwich.
Some ideas of what you can bring are salads (potato, macaroni, etc), soda, fruit salad or fruit platter, cheese platter, shrimp cocktail ring, kielbasy & cupcakes.


We are pleased to offer a fine example of the richly decorated lustreware of William de Morgan in our forthcoming Decorative Arts: Design since 1860 auction on 3 April in Edinburgh.
A major exponent of the Arts and Crafts Movement, William de Morgan's creative output began whilst working for William Morris in his firm's glass department. This close friendship exposed De Morgan to Morris' somewhat provincial approach to design, returning to traditional methods of production in favour of a well-designed and hand-crafted product. In the late 1860s, the desire for home improvement was growing and large firms like Minton's and Maw & Co. were supplying an array of 'art tiles' to meet demand.As Morris & Co. opted to concentrate their efforts on textiles, furniture and interior decorative schemes, De Morgan seized the opportunity to transition into ceramic design, specialising in an area which would come to define his career.
Focussing on ceramic tile production, De Morgan initially transferred his patterns onto commercial blank, however he quickly became disillusioned with the quality of industrial dust-pressed earthenware. Through Morris' ideology, he experimented with traditional methods of clay-making and, by the late 1870s, had established a large pottery in Merton Abbey, neighbouring Morris' textile workshops, where he was able to put into practice his notions of artistic reform. Taking influence from medieval manuscripts and Romanesque stone carvings, De Morgan's designs are dominated by meandering foliage and fantastical beasts as he sought to distinguish himself from Morris' decorative floral patterns.
Towards the end of his career, De Morgan became a partner with the architect Halsey Ricardo and the pair received several significant commissions, including Debenham House in London in 1905. Sharing similar views to De Morgan, Ricardo sought to bring life to surfaces through vibrant use of colour and pattern. By this time, De Morgan had mastered the more technical aspects of his craft: creating complex triple lustre glazes coupled with intense underglaze decorations which did not alter during the firing process. The interiors of Debenham House are lined with luminous lustrewares; imbued with a Middle Eastern influence now synonymous with his work. Rhythmical scrollwork backgrounds are illuminated by beautiful lustreware glazes in ruby-red and deep blues and greens. Attracted by the mesmerising iridescence of Hispano-Moresque and Persian art, De Morgan's lustreware ceramics signal a stark departure from the typically dark Victorian interiors.
Lyon & Turnbull is pleased to offer a fine example of the richly decorated lustreware of William de Morganin our forthcoming Decorative Arts: Design since 1860 auction this spring.


text:
require 'rails_helper'

describe AmrDataFeedConfig, type: :system do

  let!(:admin)              { create(:admin) }
  let!(:config)             { create(:amr_data_feed_config) }

  before(:each) do
    sign_in(admin)
    visit root_path
  end

  it 'can view amr data feed configuration' do
    click_on 'Manage'
    click_on 'Admin'
    click_on 'AMR Data feed configuration'
    expect(page).to have_content(config.description)
    click_on config.description
    expect(page).to have_content(config.total_field)
  end

  it 'can edit amr data feed configuration' do
    click_on 'Manage'
    click_on 'Admin'
    click_on 'AMR Data feed configuration'
    expect(page).to have_content(config.description)
    click_on 'Edit'
    fill_in 'Import warning days', with: 21
    click_on 'Update'
    config.reload
    expect(config.import_warning_days).to eq(21)
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Our Folklore Festival tours are tailor made and uniquely designed for all performing folklore groups:dance ensembles, choirs and orchestras, who want to travel and perform to international audiences in Europe and Balkan countries. We customize each performance tour, creating itinerary to fit your ensemble's unique needs and providing the perfect balance between rehearsals, performances and sightseeing.
There are numerous opportunities for all folklore dance performing groups to participate at International folklore festivals in Europe Whatever destination you choose in Europe and Balkan for your tour, you can be sure your folklore performance schedule is combined with sufficient time for your pre-performance arrangements, sightseeing and activities.


The Truth Will Make You Free: Blogger on Moynihan's Comments on Francis' Jan. 1st Address: "Forgiveness (for those who seek it) "knows no limits." There is no other way." Moynihan's "One Concern."
Blogger on Moynihan's Comments on Francis' Jan. 1st Address: "Forgiveness (for those who seek it) "knows no limits." There is no other way." Moynihan's "One Concern."
What we are reading here is the fix that the Enlightenment got itself into when it accepted the nominalism of Occam, enptied reality of being and turned to the Cogito of Descartes. It is also the fix we continue to be in with regard to understanding Pope Francis. The scholastic formation (not true Thomism) that has accompanied all educated Catholics in this country (and world-wide) that have tried to be faithful to the Catholic Faith has tended to render us rationalist. We confuse faith with Scripture and Truth with dogma. Hence, if we are not given a clear and distinct idea about faith, we fear to be not talking truth.
Lewis, at the end of his essay, writes: "Is it, then, possible to imagine a new Natural Philosophy, continually conscious that the 'natural object' producted by analysis and abstraction is not reality but only a view, and always correcting the abstraction? I hardlyknow what I am asking for. I hear rumors that Goeths's approach to nature deserves fuller consideration – that even Dr. Steiner may have seen something that orthodox researchers have missed. The regenerate science which I have in mind would not do even to minerals and vegetables what modern science threatens to do to man himself. When it explained, it would not explain away. When it spoke of the parts it would remember the whole. While studying the It it would not lose what Martin Buber calls the Thou-situation. The analogy between the Tao of Man and the instincts of an animal species would mean for it new light case on the unknown thing. Instinct, by the inly known reality of conscience and not a reduction of conscience to the category of Instinct. Its followers would not be fee with the words only and merely. In a word, it would conquer Nature without being at the same time conquered by her and buy knowledge at a lower cost than that of life.
"It was the 30th time as Pope that he has visited St. Mary Major, and this icon, since his election in March, 2013.
"The Argentine Pope, seemingly in fidelity to a powerful mystical experience of divine forgiveness that he himself personally experienced as a youth (as he has publicly stated) on September 21, 1953, the Feast of St. Matthew, when he was 16 years old, told us today that forgiveness (for those who seek it) knows "no limits."
["one concern, in our present cultural circumstances, is this: that a praiseworthy papal desire to assist individual men and women suffering from the personal, individual wounds of their own lives (and there are tens of millions of them) not create an opening on another front which would cause unexpected harm to men and women -- and to the truth of the faith.
Moynihan is exposing the deepest problem facing Francis: the misunderstanding of what is faith and the Christian life. And the problem is not Francis but Moynihan and the bulk of the Church formed by the scholasticism of the past 500 years.
First of all, faith is not a conceptual structure of the mind. It is a personal encounter, experience, and with that, a consciousness of the Person of Christ. Ratzinger clarifies that revelation only takes place where there is this personal encounter and experience. It is an act of self-gift by the believing person, and in that act of self-gift, revelation takes place. One is able to proclaim: "You are the Christ, the Son of the living God" (Mt. 16, 16). The reflection on that consciousness is concept, creed as symbols of the experience and consciousness.
Moynihan is being honest. He is exposing the deep and hidden causes of reticence and scandal by the conservatives in the Church. And they mean to be "conservative" precisely of doctrine and tradition. And they do well to desire this. But I would say, as does Francis, that doctrine is not the point. It is the divine Person Jesus Christ. And Christ cannot be reduced to doctrine or theology or morality or Scripture. The true ambition is to be "conservative" of Christ. But that is done by becoming Him, doing what He does, thinking the way He thinks, feeling the way He feels that can only take place by encounter and personal experience. The true "conservative" is innovative minute by minute by making the gift of self in this concrete circumstance and event in ordinary life.
"A second temptation is the Gnosticism that leads us to place our trust in logical and clear reasoning that, however, loses the tenderness of our brother's flesh… The difference between Christian transcendence and any other form of Gnostic spiritualism resides in the mystery of the Incarnation. Not putting into practice, now leading the Word to reality, means building on sand, remaining in the pure idea and degenerating into intimisms that do not bear fruit, that render its dynamism sterile" (Pope Francis November 10, 2015).
 Lylle W. Dorsett, "The Essential C.S. Lewis," MacMillon (1988) 429.
 See J. Ratzinger, "Milestones…" Ignatius (1998) 108.


text:
Gerald W. Alston
Mr. Alston has practiced law for more than 40 years, focusing on general and complex commercial litigation, construction litigation, labor and employment matters, mediation, and arbitration.
galston@jsslaw.com
J.D., University of Arizona, James E. Rogers College of Law (1968)
Articles Editor, Arizona Law Review
Member, Curia Regis
Completed I.B.E.W. Apprenticeship Journeyman – Electrician
B.S., University of Arizona, Business Administration (1965)
Phi Kappa Phi, Beta Gamma Sigma
As part of the firm's expansion of its international practice, Mr. Alston worked in the offices of a large Mexico City law firm in 1994-95, assisting domestic clients with their business activities in Mexico.
Mr. Alston served as Judge Pro Tempore for the Maricopa County Superior Court from 1982 until 2007. He has served as both an arbitrator and a mediator in all areas of civil litigation, including domestic relations, eminent domain and matters involving real estate and contract disputes.
Court Admission
U.S. District Court, District of Arizona (1968)
U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit (1968)
Successfully defended a major employer in a dispute over worker's compensation insurance premiums. After a bench trial, the Court ruled in favor of our client, rejecting the insurance company's claim of more than $5 million
Represented a major healthcare provider in Maricopa County in a reimbursement dispute with a physicians group
Represented a major textile manufacturing firm against counterfeiters of its textile designs
Successfully defended a majority joint venture partner in a breach of fiduciary duty claim brought by a minority partner seeking general damages and $10 million in punitive damages
Successfully defended a national hospital and healthcare corporation in a jury trial of a suit by a partnership claiming damages of several million dollars for breach of a lease
Successfully defended a Boston asset management company in a jury trial in a lawsuit filed by an Arizona architect claiming that several hundred thousand dollars of architectural fees were owed. Also secured an award of attorneys' fees against the plaintiff in the approximate amount of $140,000
Involved in many trade secret protection litigation and trade secret interference litigation
Represented pension trustees in a major ERISA violation case involving losses more than $150,000,000 due to alleged mismanagement of the pension funds
Successfully defended a major hospital and healthcare center in a jury trial where the plaintiff claimed it was damaged as a result of our client's terminating a contract to operate a medical facility
Successfully defended a real estate broker in a jury trial involving a real estate buyer's claim that, as a result of misrepresentations by the broker, the buyer had been damaged in the amount of several hundred thousand dollars
Successfully defended an adoption agency in a jury trial of a lawsuit filed by the adoptive parents of a child, claiming that information important to the medical care of the child was withheld from them
Successfully defended a major foundation in an action brought by a Federal Agency on a guaranty of an approximate $2 million obligation. After a bench trial, the judge ruled in favor of our client
Successfully defended a major California healthcare system in an action brought against it claiming more than $10 million in damages arising out of the sale of a hospital. At the close of the trial (and while the judge had the matter under advisement) the plaintiffs dismissed their action with prejudice in exchange for our clients waiving the claim for attorneys' fees
Alternative Dispute Resolution Experience
Served as Judge Pro Tempore for the Maricopa County Superior Court from 1982 until 2007
Actively involved in serving as both an arbitrator and a mediator in all areas of civil litigation, including domestic relations, eminent domain, and matters involving real estate and contract disputes for the last 22 years
Media and Presentations
Author, "Alternatives to Courthouse Litigation: Resolving commercial disputes without filing a lawsuit" (August 2014)
"Immigration Reform – Unintended Consequences," Sierra Consulting Group (2008)
"Ethics and Professionalism: Dealing with Difficult Opposing Counsel," Jennings Strouss internal CLE (February 2008)
"How to Maximize the Potential for Success at Mediation," Jennings Strouss internal CLE (May 2008)
"The Art of Taking a Deposition," Jennings Strouss internal CLE (November 2008)
"Ethics: Two Approaches to Mediation – Mediator and Customer Perspectives," CLE International Eminent Domain Conference (May 2006)
State Bar of Arizona
Chairman, International Law Section (2003 – 2004)
Member and Chairman, Law and Counseling Committee (1984 – 1987)
Chairman, Advanced Domestic Relations Seminar (1986)
Member, Committee on Unauthorized Practice of Law (1978 – 1986)
Maricopa County Bar Association (MCBA)
Chairman, International Law Committee (2000 – 2001)
Liaison to Editorial Board, The Maricopa Lawyer (1990 – 1994)
Member, Board of Directors (1990 – 1994)
Member, Board of Directors, MCBA Volunteer Lawyers Program (1980 – 1986)
Maricopa County Superior Court
Former Judge Pro Tem (1982 – 2007)
Member, Alternative Dispute Resolution Committee
AV Preeminent® Peer Review Rated
Listed, The Best Lawyers in America© in the categories of Arbitration, Commercial Litigation, International Arbitration – Commercial, International Trade and Finance Law, Litigation – Construction, and Mediation (2005 – 2020)
Listed, Southwest Super Lawyers in the categories of Business Litigation and Alternative Dispute Resolution (2007 – 2019)
Listed, AZ Business Leaders 2019
AB Top Lawyer, Alternative Dispute Resolution and Commerical Litigation, Az Business Magazine (2008 – 2010)
Arizona Boxing Commission
Member (1985 – 1994)
Esperanza, Non-Profit Charitable Corporation (provides medical assistance to indigenous people in Third World countries)
Board of Directors (1976 – 1990)
Spanish (Fluent)
Join Our Mailing List | Alumni Directory
The Law Firm Alliance
Jennings, Strouss & Salmon is honored to be a member of The Law Firm Alliance (LFA), a strategic
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: How to check if post has been liked by current user How would i be able to check if the current user liked the post or not. Ideally this would be similar to liking a post on instagram. The heart is filled red indicating that YOU liked it.
how would i be able to add a similar functionality for the backend.
I know the backend would have a boolean that indicates a user has like there own post. I'm using sequelize, given my model, what should i do to make this functionality work.
Ideally the liked column in post should indicate if i liked post or not.
req.session.user.id gets the current user.
post.controller
 getPosts: async (req: Request, res: Response) => {
    await models.Post.findAll({
      include: [
        { model: models.User, as: "author", attributes: ["username"] },
        { model: models.Likes }
      ],
      order: [["createdAt", "DESC"]],
      limit: 6
    }).then(posts => {
      res.json(posts);
    });
  },

Post (model)
"use strict";
module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
    var Post = sequelize.define("Post", {
        title: DataTypes.STRING,
        postContent: DataTypes.STRING,
        liked: {
            type: DataTypes.BOOLEAN,
            allowNull: false,
            defaultValue: false
        },
        likeCounts: {
            type: DataTypes.INTEGER,
            allowNull: false,
            defaultValue: 0
        },
        authorId: DataTypes.INTEGER
    }, {});
    Post.associate = function (models) {
        Post.belongsTo(models.User, {
            as: "author",
            foreignKey: "authorId",
            onDelete: "CASCADE"
        });
        Post.hasMany(models.Likes, {
            foreignKey: "resourceId",
            timestamps: false,
            targetKey: "id",
            onDelete: "CASCADE"
        });
    };
    Post.prototype.likedByMe = postId => { };
    return Post;
};
//# sourceMappingURL=post.js.map

Like (model)
"use strict";
module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
    var Likes = sequelize.define("Likes", {
        userId: DataTypes.INTEGER,
        resourceId: DataTypes.INTEGER,
        likeByMe: {
            type: DataTypes.BOOLEAN,
            defaultValue: false,
            allowNull: false
        }
    });
    Likes.associate = function (models) {
        // associations can be defined here
        Likes.belongsTo(models.User, {
            foreignKey: "userId",
            timestamps: false,
            onDelete: "CASCADE"
        });
        Likes.belongsTo(models.Post, {
            foreignKey: "resourceId",
            timestamps: false,
            onDelete: "CASCADE",
            targetKey: "id"
        });
    };
    return Likes;
};
//# sourceMappingURL=likes.js.map

A: something like
const iLikeIt = Like.findOne({ where: {
    resourceId: postId,
    userId: req.session.user.id,
}})
if (iLikeIt) {
    // i liked it
} else {
    // i didn't like it
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Compression spring for the accelerator pedal push-rod, two required. Also used for the fan housing air flaps, four required.
Rubber buffer for the fuel flap on Split screen busses from 1955 to 1967, Bay Window busses up to 1973 and Beetles from 1968 to 1979. Also used for the Beetle glove box from 1952 to 1979. Two required per vehicle.


Over 1,000 video views and social media engagements per day during the first week of the #SWFLchallenge has resulted in the launch of a companion website at www.swflchallenge.com.
The site features video and a live feed of Twitter and Instagram posts using the hashtag, as well as a listing of upcoming events related to the #SWFLchallenge.
Three events are scheduled to inspire residents and visitors to patronize restaurants, shops and attractions in specific areas of Southwest Florida. The first one, set for Sept. 1-3, encourages people to stay, play, dine and shop on Sanibel and Captiva. The second event is scheduled for Sept. 8-9 and will focus on the Fort Myers Beach area, and the third event planned Sept. 15-16 centers on Naples.
Businesses wanting to announce special discounts can email info@ipartnermedia.com.
"What's happening with our waterways and marine life is heartbreaking and must not be ignored," Albert Arguelles, with iPartnerMedia, said. "However, many businesses are hurting and we want to remind people that there are still a lot of positive things about our region to be appreciative of and to showcase Southwest Florida in a positive light using the hashtag."
On Aug. 17, a group of Southwest Florida marketing and public relations professionals launched an effort to use their personal social media accounts to share positive aspects of the region in response to the water quality issues. It included employees from CONRIC PR & Marketing, iPartnerMedia, M&M Multimedia, Priority Marketing, Pushing the Envelope, SEO Mechanic, Testimonial Tree, TLC Marketing & Creative Services and Veer90. Since then, chambers of commerce, hotels, restaurants and other organizations have embraced the campaign.
For more information, visit the website or public Facebook group "SWFL Challenge."
iPartnerMedia has donated its services for the new website.


text:
The Faculty Coalition for Disability Rights at UC Berkeley
Dedicated to making UC Berkeley a more accessible place for everyone
Home2016October
UC Berkeley Chancellor's response to Parent Coalition Letter
October 23, 2016 ucbdisabilityrights
UC Berkeley Chancellor Dirks and Vice-Chancellor Nasir wrote a response to the Parent Coalition letter regarding the DSRP closure.
chancellor-vc-nasir-response-letter-to-ucb-parent-coalition-for-student-disability-rights-10-18-16
Text of letter as extracted from PDF enclosed below.
Nicholas B. Dirks
C 11ANCEI. LOR
P1!01'llSSOR 01′ I I!S'I'Ol!Y
PROl'RSSOI! OF
A NTIII!OI'OI .OGY
Dear UC Berkeley Parent Coalition for Student Disability Rights:
200 Cali fornia I I all :ft15oo
13crkclcy, CA 94720 1500
510 643-5499 FAX
chanccllor@bc rkclcy.cdu
Thank you for sharing your concerns about the announcement of the discontinuation of the WAIV
program. Unfortunately, media reports on the subject have contained incomplete and, in some cases,
incorrect information about the scope of disability services that the campus has offered in the past and
will continue to offer in the future. We regret the confusion and concerns generated by recent coverage
and write now to provide you with comprehensive, factual information.
Here is a summary of the situation:
The Department of Rehabilitation (DOR) contract, signed in Fall 2015, specified the types of services and
the duration of the services that were to be provided to clients, including our students who were served
by the program. The Personal Vocational Social Adjustment (PVSA) services prescribed by the
DOR/Workability IV- or WAIV – contract were limited to providing short-term skills training, including
workplace interactions, information on how to request job accommodations, and self-advocacy skills.
DOR counselors had to provide written authorization for each training, and the trainings were limited to
one to four months. This program was serving only about 60 disabled students- about three percent of
the total disabled student population.
This work had been funded through a federal matching grant. The Campus determined that the recent
changes in federal regulations and the limitations of the grant were no longer in alignment with the
growth of our campus' disability population and the range of disability needs. However, the campus fully
recognizes the value of these services, and is therefore developing a more robust program that is capable
of delivering these and many other services for an increased number of students with disabilities.
Specifically, the new Disabled Student Program (DSP) Director and the Vice Chancellor for Equity and
Inclusion are re-envisioning the DSP service model to meet students' needs for more dynamic and
efficient services. This new service model includes:
• The assignment of a DSP specialist, who has experience and training in working with students on
the autism spectrum and others who need support, to immediately begin providing support and
services to those 60 students who were PVSA clients. This specialist will continue the weekly
social skills group and offer workshops on self-advocacy, self-care, professional etiquette and
attire, and more;
• Hiring a new career services professional who is also a disability specialist. This new professional
will work in Career Services office and will provide related employment skills training to Disabled
Students Program (DSP) students, including those who were served under WAIV. We intend to
have this position filled by January 2017;
• Working with the Center for Independent Living to provide services for DSP students on campus
including independent living skills and travel training;
• Providing assistive technology consults to students who would like to use this service as a part of
their disability management. DSP also has a new grant to conduct outreach to newly admitted
students to help them connect sooner with DSP services and staff;
• Engaging a national consultant from College Autism Spectrum to provide training to staff, evaluate
our current services and offer guidance in the creation and implementation of other services that
might be needed.
Next fall, as a part of the New Student Orientation, DSP will offer an orientation specifically geared to help
students with disabilities transition into the Cal environment. The orientation will include connecting
students to community and government resources to help them successfully transition to university life
and highlight instruction on self-advocacy and working with professors.
We are proud that the Disability Rights Movement was born and cultivated here in the city of Berkeley
and on the Cal Campus. We are committed to continuing our legacy of recognizing disability as an
important dimension of diversity, empowering our students with disabilities, and serving them in greater
and more effective ways.
We believe strongly that your demands will be represented in the new model of planned services.
Karen Nielson, the new DSP Director, is available to talk about these services and she welcomes your
feedback and partnership as we move forward to break new ground for persons with disabilities at
Na'ilah asir
Vice Chancellor for Equity & Inclusion
Cc: Carol Christ, Interim Executive Vice Chancellor & Provost
Nils Gilman, Associate Chancellor and Chief of Staff to the Chancellor
Khira Griscavage, Associate Chancellor and Campus Chief Ethics, Risk & Compliance Officer
Mia Settles-Tidwell, Assistant Vice Chancellor for Equity & Inclusion
Fabrizio Meijia, Assistant Vice Chancellor for Student Equity & Success
Karen Nakumura, Robert & Colleen Haas Distinguished Chair of Disability Studies & Professor of
Karen Nielson, Director of Disabled Students Program
Derek Coates, Disability Compliance Officer
FCDR endorses UCB parent coalition letter regarding DSRP closure
October 5, 2016 ucbdisabilityrights
The FCDR officers have voted to endorse the letter from the UCB Parent Coalition for Student Disability Rights regarding the closure of the DSRP and WAIV programs. We enclose parent coalition letter and the original letter from DSP Director Nielson announcing the change below. They are also available on the website for the UCB parent coalition.
pcdr201610-LetterToChancellor.pdf
pcdr201610-dsp-email-announcement.pdf
—- Text of PCDR letter follows —-
The UC Berkeley Parent Coalition for Student Disability Rights
Dear Chancellor Dirks,
On August 30th, Karen Nielson, Director of the Disability Students' Program (DSP), issued a brief, short notice, and vague email inviting some of the students that are in the Disabled Students' Readiness Program (DSRP)/Workability IV (WAIV) program to a meeting with her and the Vice Chancellor Nasir, Equity and Inclusion. Many of the students who actually received the invitation did not understand the purpose of the meeting so early in the school year; therefore, it was poorly attended.
The purpose of this little impromptu meeting was to inform students with disabilities that the WAIV program, which they had been counting on to survive and succeed at Cal, had been unceremoniously cut. Hearing that their lifeline was now severed, many openly wept.
Those who missed the meeting would hear of their promised services being ended via an email from Karen Nielson, in her first act as UC Berkeley's new Director of DSP. In this email, Ms. Neilson asserts that 4 weeks earlier the University was given new guidelines with "drastic financial changes" from the Department of Rehabilitation (DOR) who pays for the program from a grant given by the government. She goes on to claim that the University was being asked to "fully fund the WAIV program services."
A copy of this email is provided herein for your convenience.
In actuality, there were no "drastic financial changes" – instead, the only change was that the new Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) guidelines that required the University to provide direct services instead of indirect ones to students. The WAIV program is funded by federal WIOA dollars totaling $629,000 – of that money, $314,000 goes to the Department of Rehabilitation (DOR) and $314,000 goes to the University for the program.
To say that the campus was being required to "fully fund the WAIV program services" is completely false.
Ms. Neilson goes on to assert that WAIV is "a very restrictive workforce development program" that "funds four full time staff and a percentage of the salaries of two DSP administrators along with other department staff."
This indeed is a lot of staff being funded by one government grant.
The description on the University's website of the WAIV program, still online as of 9/29/16, paints a vision of services that is anything but "restrictive."
Page |2
DSRP helps eligible disabled students make the transition from home, to school, and on to employment. It is designed to help you get through Cal, and onto a productive and fulfilling career.
While employment skills and training are at the core of the WAIV program, these skills in many ways parallel those needed to be successful in college at UC Berkeley.
"Career training" at UC Berkeley starts with providing the services and supports to enable a student with a disability to succeed at school in their major.
Isn't Berkeley, the nation's number one public University, home of the disabilities rights movement, interested in enabling and empowering its students, including those with disabilities, so that they are prepared to join and, in fact become leaders in the workforce?
According to Ms. Neilson, the program "served 60 students with four full time staff during the 2015-16 school year."
No data was given for the current school year, even though it had indeed started; the WAIV program was in full swing with social skills training launched, and Kevin, Linda, Sandy, and Esther attending to students many varied needs.
As the rates of students with disabilities needing the DSRP/WAIV services is on the rise, it's reasonable to assume that upwards of 80 students with disabilities were counting on this help to succeed at Cal. Students with disabilities like autism spectrum disorders, mobility impairments, wheel chair users, chronic medical conditions, mental health issues, blind and visually impairments – were relying on these services to manage and thrive at this very large, public university where a typical Freshman class can have between 600 to 800 students in it.
The gist of the University's message to those disabled students at that meeting and to the public at large is: "UC Berkeley would have to commit more than $250,000 of new funds to this program" and we're really sorry students with disabilities, but you're just not worth that kind of money nor are you a priority.
As if that message wasn't insulting and damaging enough, to add insult to injury is knowing that UC Berkeley wasn't being asked to commit any extra or new funds to the program. It was being asked to use the government grant and the same, agreed upon commitment as in the past towards providing direct services – instead of, say, using the money to fund other programs, other staff not working with the students and for those not part of the WAIV program.
The UC Berkeley Parent Coalition for Student Disability Rights would like to know:
• Why the students were told that the DOR was making UC Berkeley totally fund the program, forcing the University to come up with over $250,000 when this is blatantly not the case?
• How the University could promise and mislead students by proclaiming it offered a vast array of services – both verbally and in print and online media — in the WAIV program to entice students with disabilities to enroll, only to wipe those services out a couple of weeks into the school year?
• Why UC Berkeley is the only University to cancel the entire WAIV program, when all of the other California Universities, both state and UC's are able to keep their programs running and service their students with disabilities?
• Why the WAIV program was used to pay 6+ DSP staff (we would like to know how many "others" Ms. Neilson is referring to in her accounting of where the WAIV money went)?
• Why the WAIV program couldn't be kept alive with even one full time staffer – preferably Kevin Shields as he had the most experience successfully working with the students and staff?
• Why the TRIO program is being touted by the University as a replacement for WAIV – when none of the services or programs provided by WAIV are being offered through TRIO or any other program at UC Berkeley? And some of the students who have been referred to TRIO (which only has room for 250 students who need to meet certain criteria) have been denied services that had been previously given by both WAIV and TRIO in the past?
Additionally, the UC Berkeley Parent Coalition for Student Disability Rights demands the following promised services, accommodations and resources that were provided over the years under WAIV/DSRP be reinstated immediately:
• The DSRP room, a safe haven in building one of the dorms – an accommodation provided by the University for over 40 years. While this office used to be opened 24/7, it had this past year at least been opened every day during the week until 4pm.
• At least one, preferably two full time staff. We request that Kevin Shields keep his position as he has earned his trust servicing the needs of the disabled community at UC Berkeley for a number of years and understands both the needs of the students and the inner workings of the University to best assist those in the program.
• Advocacy Skills training
• Study Skills Group formation training
• Assistance and training in learning to work with lab partners and teams
• Scheduling and managing school workload strategies
• Mentorship
• Tutoring
• Mobility and Travel Training for public transportation
• Anxiety Management and Coping Skills
• Preparation and Advice on getting and keeping internships
• Part-time job placement on campus
• Accredited Courses in disability awareness
• Lessons in how to disclose your disability to faculty, peers and future employers
• Grooming skills, hygiene and self- care required for success
• Outings to promote community involvement and peer relationship development
• Classes in telephone, email and texting skills and etiquette
• Career planning, goal setting and readjustment of goals if necessary
• Lessons in money management, personal budgeting, and planning skills
All students have academically and personally worked hard and earned their right to be a student at UC Berkeley and to be valued the same. In many cases, students who have disabilities that entitled them to be in the WAIV program have had to work even harder than their able bodied peers.
Instead of being known for being the defenders against social injustice and protectors of diversity, including neurodiversity, UC Berkeley is quickly gaining a reputation as intolerant, uncaring and elitist, exemplified not only by the cancelling of the WAIV program, but by the recent findings that the University was found to be out of compliance with the ADA by the U.S. Department of Justice.
The UC Berkeley Parent Coalition for Student Disability Rights asks that the University stop its downhill slide and reinstate the WAIV program, and to keep Kevin Shields at the helm of it.
We also ask that all of the DSRP Services that have been silently swept away over the years be reinstated; and that the message sent to the students and the public is not be one that "this program only services 60 people with disabilities so therefore it is not worth our time, our money or our efforts."
Send the message that disabled students matter at this school and that Universal Design benefits everyone.
Cc: Na'ilah Suad Nasir, Vice Chancellor of Equity and Inclusion
Khira Griscavage, Associate Chancellor
Angelica Stacy, Associate Vice Provost for the Faculty; Professor of Chemistry Fabrizio Mejia, Executive Director, Centers of Educational Equity and Excellence Karen Nielson, Director, Disabled Students Program
Amy Scharf, Project/Planning Analyst for the Division of Equity and Inclusion
Carol Christ, Interim Executive Vice Chancellor
Faculty Coalition for Disability Rights at UC Berkeley
Berkeley Disabled Students
— end PCSDR text —
—– Text of the Initial DSP Announcement email as provided by the Parent's coalition follows —–
From: Karen E Nielson Date: September 2, 2016 at 1:42:56 PM PDT
To: Karen E Nielson , Peter M Dodson , BerkeleyDisabledStudents
Subject: Updated Invitation with location
Dear DSP Students,
Thank you to those of you who attended the meeting with our Vice Chancellor of Equity and inclusion yesterday. For those who were unable to attend, I am writing to share the following important information:
On Monday, August 8, 2016, UC Berkeley was notified by the State Department of
Rehabilitation, DOR, about drastic financial changes to the present contractwith our
campus. These changes included new guidelines, which require the campus to fully fund the Workability IV, WAIV, program services in its current form to maintain compliance with the state's requirements.
Workability IV (WAIV) is a very restrictive workforce development program that is primarily funded by a state contract with the DOR. The current DOR grant funds four full time staff and a percentage of the salaries of two DSP administrators. Other department staff also contributes a small percentage of their time to the grant in kind.
This grant served 60 students with four full time staff during the 2015-16 school year. Only students who are DOR clients are eligible for WAIV services and the contract narrowly prescribes the types
of services and length of time services can be provided. In order to continue this program under the current requirements, UC Berkeley would have to immediately commit more than $200,000 of new funds to this program.
Due to the abrupt and unanticipated changes in the DOR contract along with the effective date of September 1, 2016, the campus will no longer be able to provide the WAIV program services. Services will be available to current WAIV students untilOctober 3., 2016. Other campuses will be discontinuing the grant program as well. We will be working with all current WAIV students, with student groups
and student leadership to talk about what a career services model for all students with disabilities should include at Cal moving forward.
The DSP Director, Karen Nielson, and her staff have set up open office hours for current WAIV students to receive any consultation, facilitation and or transition support needed as the campus develops
and implements a new model of service and provide guidance during this transition period.
If you have any questions, please feel free to contact the Disabled Services Program Office at knielson@berkeley. edu
— end DSP e-mail —
Chancellor Christ lauds FCDR for work on disability access and equity May 20, 2019
UC Berkeley Academic Policy on Disabled Faculty May 20, 2019
FCDR welcomes Cal's new ADA Compliance Officer, Ella Callow October 24, 2018
FCDR supports open letter protesting UCB decision April 18, 2017
FCDR supports disability protest on Cal campus March 20, 2017


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Loving.... Inclusive.... Affirming
Cape May Presbyterian Church
Path of Peace Luminary - 2023
Honor the memory of your loved ones on our beautiful Path of Peace in 2023!
Or light up those who are precious in your life or simply deserve a "Thank You".
The Path will glow December 23 - 29, 2023
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1 for $7 / In Memory of - $7.00 1 for $7 / In Honor of - $7.00 3 for $20 / In Memory of - $20.00 3 for $20 / In Honor of - $7.00
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With 15 years experience within the rapid prototyping and additive layer manufacturing industry, Tri-Tech3D have gained extensive industry knowledge on all the major RP technologies currently available.
Tri-Tech3D can be relied upon to be the most informed and experienced partner to help you select the right 3D printing solution for your application.
Tri-Tech 3D offer a complete package of services from initial specification and supply of 3D printing hardware and software, to onsite 3D printer installation, staff training and full product support.
As the progression and adoption of 3D printing throughout all industry sectors continues, Tri-Tech work tirelessly to provide customers with 3D printing solutions specific to their needs. They endeavour to help their businesses grow and develop by utilising cutting edge 3D Printing technology backed up by industry leading levels of UK based product support.
Tri-Tech 3D have a wealth of industry knowledge and technical expertise covering all the major rapid prototyping and rapid manufacturing technologies. Their roots as a true engineering company with bias on technical ability and support has helped them to become the UK's leading distributor and supplier of Stratasys 3D printing systems.


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Directions Under Section 212 of the Companies Act 1956 Amended by MCA
Directions Under Section 212 of the Companies Act 1956 Amended by Ministry of Corporate Affairs
Direction under Section 212
Section 212 of the Companies Act, 1956 requires holding companies to attach with their balance sheet a copy of the balance sheet, profit and loss account etc of each of its subsidiaries. In recent years, with the globalization of the Indian economy, there has been a large increase in the number of holding companies and subsidiaries. Accounting policies and practices have also evolved, and Accounting Standards have been issued regarding preparation of consolidated financial statements.
The Ministry has been receiving a large number of applications seeking permission not to attach the accounts of subsidiaries. The Ministry has been granting such permission on case-by-case basis on the basis of certain conditions which are intended to protect the interests of investors.
The matter has been carefully re-examined in the context of the emerging trends in the economy and regulatory and accounting practices. It has been decided that the permission may be granted on a general basis wherever the Board of Directors of the holding company gives its consent and the conditions prescribed by the Ministry are complied with. The Ministry has accordingly issued directions through a general circular no. 1/2011 for this purpose. The conditions to be met by the companies are following:-
(i) The Board of Directors of the Company has by resolution given consent for not attaching the balance sheet of the subsidiary concerned;
(ii) The company shall present in the annual report, the consolidated financial statements of holding company and all subsidiaries duly audited by its statutory auditors;
(iii) The consolidated financial statement shall be prepared in strict compliance with applicable Accounting Standards and, where applicable, Listing Agreement as prescribed by the Security and Exchange Board of India;
(iv) The company shall disclose in the consolidated balance sheet the following information in aggregate for each subsidiary including subsidiaries of subsidiaries:- (a) capital (b) reserves (c) total assets (d) total liabilities (e) details of investment (except in case of investment in the subsidiaries) (f) turnover (g) profit before taxation (h) provision for taxation (i) profit after taxation (j) proposed dividend;
(v) The holding company shall undertake in its annual report that annual accounts of the subsidiary companies and the related detailed information shall be made available to shareholders of the holding and subsidiary companies seeking such information at any point of time. The annual accounts of the subsidiary companies shall also be kept for inspection by any shareholders in the head office of the holding company and of the subsidiary companies concerned and a note to the above effect will be included in the annual report of the holding company. The holding company shall furnish a hard copy of details of accounts of subsidiaries to any shareholder on demand;
(vi) The holding as well as subsidiary companies in question shall regularly file such data to the various regulatory and Government authorities as may be required by them;
(vii) The company shall give Indian rupee equivalent of the figures given in foreign currency appearing in the accounts of the subsidiary companies along with exchange rate as on closing day of the financial year.


My program sits at "Preparing to scan"
..... and it does not show any scanning progress. What's the problem?
I am unable to access update as the system will not reset "scan in progress"
Why is my account saying PROTECTION DISABLED PLEASE RESTART.
My porblem is that i did not have this virus protection for a year and it said it has expired.
I have purchased the renew package but the code that I get given doesn't work. I am finding Trend Micro increasingly hard to work around.


Here we have some wonderful autumnal themed miniatures handmade by AIM Member Marieke of Marfolhuz Miniatures. Marieke loves working with Polymer Clay and enjoys creating food, witchy and shabby chic themed miniatures to sell in her Etsy store.
Son unas minis magnificas !!!!Besos.


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function C = CalcHestonCall (parameter, S0,K, r, V, T)
% CalcHestonCall calls FFToption function for fractional
% FFT calculation of Heston call price
% Setting the parameter N (to any number) tells FFToption
% to use the fractional FFT
% The unscented transform calculates option values at
% closely spaced sigma points. The Fractional FFT option algorithm
% provides a fine grid at a reasonable cost

    CharFunc='phiHeston';
    Param.PiW = parameter(1);
    Param.Sig = parameter(2);
    Param.Kappa = parameter(3);
    Param.Theta = parameter(4); %Beta=M= State Transition Matrix
    Param.Rho = parameter (5);
    Param.r= r;
    Param.V =V;
    Param.T=T;

     wEnd=500;
    alpha=1.25;
    N=2^8;

    [callFFT, k ] = FFToption(CharFunc, Param, alpha, wEnd , N);

    Kvec=S0*exp(k); %K is normalized to S0 in FFT calc

    C = interp1(Kvec,callFFT,K);
    C=C*S0;
end


Haas Law Corporation was founded by Stephen C. Haas in 1993. Stephen passed the California Bar Exam in 1972 and practiced in Estate Planning, Real Property, and Civil Litigation in Orange County until 1991 when he moved his family to Nevada County.
In 2015, Stephen asked his son, Matt Haas, to join his firm in Nevada City. Matt and his then girlfriend Kirstin Glass moved to Nevada City and Matt began practicing alongside Stephen .
In December 2017, Stephen Haas retired. He is available to the firm on an advisory basis. Otherwise, he is enjoying retirement. Kirstin practiced general Civil Litigation, Personal Injury defense, and Construction Defect defense in Pleasanton and Sacramento until she joined Matt at Haas Law Corporation in April 2018.