This was my second stay-Very hospitable hosts and walking distance to Addenbrookes and to Park and Ride.No meals provided but lots of nearby options and you can bring food in and use dining room.Lovely shower and cosy room with view over garden with tea and coffee making facilities.Good value.I'll be back.
Very well located close to Addenbroke's, I had a pleasant stay - warm welcome and a nice lodge with a personal touch.
Nicely maintained house converted into a lodge. Friendly support by Anna. The only issue is there is no complimentary dinner or breakfast despite paying 91 pounds per night, moreover one has to walk a couple of miles to get access to modern facilities, as there are no shops or restaurants nearby. And this aspect was not mentioned in the hotels.com website. This is not Anna's fault, this is website's incompleteness. As any property asking north of 50 pounds per night must offer meals.
Room very clean.Hostess pleasant and friendly.
I had a very nice stay at the Aylesbray Lodge. It was in the perfect location for me and easy to get to from the train station. Anna was very accommodating - she made arrangements to allow me to leave some of my belongings at the lodge after checkout which was a great help. She also provided a map and gave me directions to where I was going the following day. Finally, the self-check out was very convenient. Overall, a lovely stay.
Very welcoming and a very comfortable stay.
Parking on site is really a good bonus, location is good, about 20-25 mins walk to town centre. Toilet seat was too close to the sink, that was the only minor detail I was not too happy with but overall it was good.
It was warm clean and welcoming.
Room was adequate with TV, tea &coffee facilities and en-suite. Bed was very comfortable. All very clean. Decor was not high end, on par with travelodge style hotels. The location was great and much quieter than a larger hotel.Owners were friendly and accommodating. If I need to be down that way I will definitely use this B&B again.
A very warm welcome. The room was clean and tidy with en-suite. Perhaps a little basic, but perfectly suitable for our needs. The location, free off road parking and price were second to none. Would higly recommend.
We have been coming to Aylesbray Lodge twice a year for the last 10 years. Each time we are there we stay for around five nights during airshows at Duxford. The owners always take good care of us. The rooms are now being refurbished, and that gives the place a really nice upgrade. Other positives are free parking, close to pubs and grocery stores. Looking forward to our next stay in September!
Good shower, nice room and Anna is very helpful.Would reccomend anytime.
Lovely and clean. Friendly owner. Everythibg i needed for a quuck 2nt visit. Good location. Good valueFor money. Would def stay again.
Have stayed here a few times when in Cambridge, the owners are very friendly &the rooms are clean &well equipped.
Comfortable and clean. This provides a very convenient base for exploring the city. Staff couldn't have been more helpful.
Very friendly hostess, the room is tidy and clean.
It's really clean and comfortable for a working person. Its economical as well compared to similar accommodation around Cambridge.
I was staying while my poorly father was in addenbrookes. The location for this couldn't be better just a short stroll away. Check in was simple and felt welcoming. Room was clean and tidy. Staff were nice and kind.
Great communication and assistance making sure there was a place for me to park when I arrived. Excellent welcome! The room was comfortable and had everything I needed for my short stay.
Ideal location for visiting Addenbrookes Hospital-walking distance.Just what you need at the end of a stressful and emotional day to be able to come back to your home from home and recharge.Has parking,wi fi,kettle,comfy bed,tv and ensuite.No breakfasts at present but I go to Hospital for all meals.Bus station nearby if you want to go into city.Anna the proprietor is warm and friendly and very caring.I would not want to be anywhere else right now.Reasonably priced too.I am so thankful that I found Aylesbray Lodge.
Brilliant comfortable bedding. High speed wifi. Parking is a bonus. Staff is very cordial.Probably the price but it is worth considering the proximity to hospital.
Lovely place. Other than having the minimum and more of what you would expect in a lodge, the lodger gives a nice touch. She is very attentive to what you might need during your stay.
Just enough for someone that needs to be close the hospital. Very clean bedding and towels. Nice and warm. TV, kettle and tea/coffee available. Would appreciate access to a microwave.
Comfortable and friendly place to stay. I have stayed before and will again.
I stayed overnight at number 6, an en-suite single room on the top floor. The bathroom was spotless, the bed well-made and the room tidy. I arrived later than expected and the owner accommodated my delay graciously, although it was an inconvenience for him. I left very early in the morning and dropped my key at reception. Overnight it was quiet. It could do with some blackout curtains, as the room faced the street. Nevertheless, I slept very well.
A comfortable inexpensive stay. No frills, but no complaints. Important things like hot water and shower good. Didn't have breakfast as I needed to leave early. Would use again when I'm in Cambridge.
The hotel was very neat and tidy (although basic). The breakfast was lovely. The owner is very friendly. The room was cleaned everyday. Overall, I am very happy with the stay.
good place to stay in and have great breakfast.
Breakfast was average but I did get it free of charge which was great. Traffic noise a bit of a problem in the front rooms but only if you are a light sleeper.
A very warm welcome from George on my arrival, everything was very quick and easy. I stayed for two nights but didn't have a chance to try the breakfast. Aylesbray Lodge is in a prime location for working at Addenbrookes Hospital and only a short walk from the train station. The en-suite bathroom was a little tired but everything was very clean and well presented. I would happily stay again.
Welcomed and made comfortable. Having decided to stay the night before as well George moved me to the annexe 2 doors away. The room was comfortable and clean and only lacked hooks, which I pointed out to him before I left. Very convenient for Addenbrookes Hospital, within easy walking distance.
A great experience, kind attention, comfortable lodge, excellent service, quietness and comfort for the best price, my personal recommendation!
After our long drive we were met with a warm smile and welcome at the door. Everyone was so helpful and friendly and made us feel at home at Aylesbray Lodge.A good nights sleep was had by all in lovely, clean, comfy beds and we were set for the day with a hearty breakfast.Aylesbray Lodge is ideal location in Cambridge for our needs which were to be near the hospital.Thanks to all at Aylesbray for your welcome and continued success to you in the future.We will be visiting again later in the year and look forward to seeing you all again.
A small but very comfortable room. The host provided a nice friendly atmosphere in the dining room over a lovely breakfast.I'd certainly stay here again!
Simple and a little small, but friendly, quiet and very good value for money for young business professionals just looking for somewhere clean and easy to stay for the night. Hearty breakfast too!
Lovely little gueshouse that served our needs for an overnight stop perfectly. Well equipped, clean and bright room and staff who were friendly and helpful.


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Cut three or four sheets of heavy duty aluminum foil large enough to wrap around the head of cabbage. Place head of cabbage, cut side up in the center of aluminum squares.... Return pork to wok with cabbage, reserved marinade and juice; stir-fry until hot. Serve with steamed rice and top with chopped green onions, if you like. Serve with steamed rice and top with chopped green onions, if you like.
Sweet and Sour Cabbage goes extremely well with Pork Roast, Leg of Lamb, Ham or Roasted Chicken. You can eat it either hot or cold. Pick up a small head of red cabbage at the grocery store.... Remove the core and separate the leaves blanch it into the salty water. Cut into big squares Cut glad wrap into big squares arrange red cabbage squares on top and place the chicken mousse and wrap them properly into square shape.
Cut into 1" squares only after it cools down. Serve at room temperature or warm in a microwave to serve. Serve at room temperature or warm in a microwave to serve. Submit a Correction how to delete photos from iphone 5s all at once Start by creating the center of the cabbage rose. Cut a slit in the middle of your center petal, slip onto the floral wire, add hot glue and press all edges inward to create the gently folded center.
Green Cabbage Kimchi (Yangbaechu Kimchi) is a simple and easy kimchi to make, especially if you are beginner to kimchi making. Whenever I think about making Kimchi, it reminds me of the days when I was still a newly wed. how to cut into a line on illustrator Sweet and Sour Cabbage goes extremely well with Pork Roast, Leg of Lamb, Ham or Roasted Chicken. You can eat it either hot or cold. Pick up a small head of red cabbage at the grocery store.
Preheat oven to 375 degrees. Cut cabbage heads in half and boil for 15-20 minutes until soft. Drain water and chop into 1" squares. Then sauté cabbage for 2-3 minutes to remove excess water.
7/08/2016 · Cabbage Chopping in to Small Pieces Vegitable Cutting Techniques Knife Skills INdian Street Food Videos streetfoodzone.com.


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Stalin's Scribe
Biographies History Literature Reviews
by Robert Blaisdell
By Brian J. Boeck (Pegasus Books)
I can't imagine a cleverer or more perverse way of presenting "the first political biography" (xi) of Mikhail Sholokhov (1905-1975) than as if from the conscience-addled Sholokhov's perspective. Biographer Brian Boeck quietly flows with how Sholokhov would have seen his fatefully compromised privileged life. The wonder boy who had cranked out, by the age of 26, the first three fat volumes of Тихий Дон, or as it's usually known in English translation, Quiet Flows the Don, seems, either from a bad conscience or simple alcoholism, to have been drunk much of the last several decades of his life.
As an aspiring 21-year-old fiction writer, Sholokhov plagiarized or, as apologists would have it, borrowed and adapted a treasure-trove of first-hand accounts of the Russian Civil War by Cossack soldiers and officers into his novel. At age 26, when he needed Stalin's okay to publish the third volume of Quiet Flows the Don, the Supreme Leader himself interrogated him: "'Why did you represent General Kornilov in such a soft way?' Stalin demanded. … An honest answer could imperil [Sholokhov's] literary career. The truth was simple. In a rush to weave together incidents and narratives into a publishable volume, he had relied too heavily upon anti-Soviet sources. … By appropriating speeches and dialogues verbatim, Sholokhov had introduced counterrevolutionary voices into several passages of the novel" (39-40).
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text:
Leucauge liui este o specie de păianjeni din genul Leucauge, familia Tetragnathidae, descrisă de Zhu, Song și Zhang în anul 2003. Conform Catalogue of Life specia Leucauge liui nu are subspecii cunoscute.

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text:
Advertising Digital News
Platforms warn Australia about 'unintended consequences' of reform
An industry entity representing Google, Facebook, Twitter and other platforms unsurprisingly argues that Australia should slow its roll when it comes to digital-media regulation.
An industry group founded by Facebook, Google, Twitter and Verizon Media has issued a lengthy response urging the Australian government to carefully consider the potential economic damage of proposed changes to regulations and government oversight of digital platforms.
DIGI (Digital Industry Group Inc) issued its statement as part of an open consultation process following an inquiry by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) into the power of digital platforms. That Digital Platforms Inquiry (DPI) resulted in a final report that was critical of the Google-Facebook 'duopoly' and called for serious policy changes tackling digital advertising, consumer privacy and potential future anti-competitive practices (see "Australian watchdog calls for serious crackdown on Google and Facebook".
"The ACCC DPI final report's conclusions are generally predicated on the potential for consumer harm, rather than presenting substantive evidence of it," DIGI's response says. "The result is many recommendations that are arguably premature and lack an evidence base. We therefore urge the Australian Government to fully consider these unintended consequences and undertake necessary broader consultation with the digital industry, as well as other affected industries and stakeholders, before any major reform is announced."
The DIGI statement also argues that the DPI report did not include "substantive analysis, nor much more than a passing acknowledgement, of the value of digital products and services to Australian consumers".
Specifically, DIGI argues that:
The digital industry makes sigificant contributions to economy, to the tune of $122 billion or 6.6% of GDP.
The digital industry could make an even greater contribution. The document lays out a case that Australia trails many other countries when it comes to the value added by its tech sector, and argues that the sector could contribute an additional $50 billion to GDP by 2037 if Australia "caught up to global leaders".
Although the DIGI authors take pains throughout the document to stress that the organisation supports exploration of the issues raised in the DPI, the unspoken inference, of course, is that this $50 billion in economic value may fail to materialise if overly onerous regulations are put into place.
The DIGI statement comments directly on several areas of proposed change. Here is a sampling of DIGI's responses in some of these areas:
Changes to merger law:
It is disappointing to see this recommendation was retained in the final report, with a slight expansion of scope, without addressing the concerns raised by many in the technology industry.
...it is not an opportune time for innovation-stifling red tape to be legislated in the form of this recommendation.
Codes of conduct governing relationships between digital platforms and media businesses:
The government must consult widely on the competition issues such codes would be intended to address and which platforms should have to provide a code.
...placing restrictions on the commercial arrangements of a designated set of digital platforms to submit specialised codes of conduct governing their various B2B relationships may place digital native companies at a commercial disadvantage in a rapidly shifting digital advertising market.
Mandatory ACMA take-down code regarding copyright enforcement:
The proposed "mandatory industry code" would represent a significant departure from the globally accepted legal standards and norms for issuing take-down notices that are relied upon by online service providers and content creators around the world.
Apart from isolated anecdotes, the ACCC has not provided substantive evidence of a problem that requires such a drastic solution.
A digital-platforms code to counter disinformation:
To the extent that the code is intended to deal with sophisticated disinformation campaigns (for example, those that may be state-sponsored or by multinational criminal groups), many major digital platforms already work closely with Australian security agencies on information operations.
An appropriate intervention on one platform (such as partnerships with third-party fact-checkers) may be cost-prohibitive and unscalable for another. Therefore, the idea of a one-size-fits-all industry code of conduct is problematic in relation to disinformation, as it does not take into account variables that impact content moderation in this area.
Strengthening the Privacy Act:
At a high level, it appears that this recommendation is recommending reform that exceeds the standards of the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which was introduced on May 25, 2018. In its consideration of such a model, we encourage the Government to fully assess the impact of the GDPR to date as to whether the regulations are operating as intended and are not unduly impacting innovation and competition in the technology sector.
Targeted advertising:
A default pre-selection of targeted advertising to 'off' will have an impact on the whole economy, for every company or other organisation—large and small—that advertises goods, services or public interest causes on the Internet. It will also have an impact on digital platforms that are supported by advertising—the same business model used by many traditional media organisations. Advertising powers free digital services and the wide range of freely available content available to consumers. The significant potential economic impact of this recommendation raises questions about whether such a recommendation is too wide in relation to the narrow terms of reference of the ACCC's inquiry.
Privacy code for digital platforms:
DIGI looks forward to engaging with the OAIC [Office of the Australian Information Commissioner] about such a code, and welcomes the emphasis on industry consultation. We do however note that issues surrounding data privacy and the collection of personal information are not restricted to digital platforms, and that general economy-wide standardisation or guidance is more appropriate than a code that ringfenced to a handful of designated digital platforms.
The DIGI statement does not find fault with all of the DPI recommendations; it expresses agreement with several relatively non-controversial recommendations, including:
An inquiry into adtech services and advertising agencies
A process to implement harmonised media regulatory framework
Stable and adequate funding for public broadcasters
Grants for local journalism
Tax settings to encourage philanthropic support for journalism
Improving digital media literacy in the community
Digital media literacy in schools
Statutory tort for serious invasions of privacy.
accc
duopoly
Jessica Goodfellow
Australia takes on Google's adtech power
Google tests hiding news outlets in search in Australia
Google mounts Australia legislation defence, says ...
Jamie Hoey
Google vs the regulators: Is this the last tango in ...


Synopsis: The story is inspired by an ancient Chinese folk-tale in which the Hak-Taks discover a magic pot that makes a copy of everything that gets put inside it. The opera turns a rather innocent, happy, tale into one more relevant to today's world.
Notes on Production: A simple morality fable, based on a traditional Chinese folk tale, involving haves and have-nots and a dose of magic which goes wrong. Easily understood by all ages, with plenty of humour.
Musically straightforward with echoes of the musical comedy tradition rather than the operatic genre; some tango and blues rhythms; two part singing and some declamation. DOUBLE TROUBLE is overall very easy for less experienced singers to learn and offering scope for large choruses, with 6-7 soloists needed. It could be performed by a younger age range than the W11 norm of 9-18 and is highly accessible for a younger cast. The only essential prop is a large "pot"; costume and design need not be time/place specific; cast could provide their own.
Scene 1. A vast muddy field, drenched in rain, is filled with Potato Digs, tied to the seasons. A luckier neighbour, Mrs. Hurst, passes by. She reflects on the importance of keeping oneself smart – within earshot of the Digs, one of whom, Mrs. Dig bemoans her lot. Mrs. Hurst leaves to keep her hairdressing appointment. Mrs. Dig, defiant and proud, strikes something large and hard in the earth. The others are excited – it might be treasure.
Scene 2. It's a pot, big and dirty – and empty. One group of Digs wants to smash it, the more inventive want to use it in some way, and think of lots of ways. The church bell rings out: it's the end of another long day.
Scene 3. Mrs. Dig's family are left gathering up their things. Eartha scores a point in the pot with a potato, and her mother is furious. Mrs. Hurst arrives and sings an ode to her technological, state-of-the-art existence. She shines her torch into the pot and smugly announces its contents: 2 potatoes. She leaves. The Family are puzzled: why two, when only one was thrown in? A little experimentation reveals the magic of this pot: it doubles whatever is put in! The Family spring into action.
Scene 4. A few months later, the Count and Countess Dig are partying in their mansion after a long trip abroad, jet setters trailed by their entourage. There's no limit to their desires and the watching chorus comment on their spiralling aspirations. Mr. and Mrs. Hurst snoop, trying to discover the Digs secret. They do so when Countess Dig uses the pot to replace a lost pearl. Some Buskers enter the garden but they are swiftly dealt with.
Scene 5. Night. The magic pot stands in the Count's formal topiary garden. Knuckle Security are around, but the Hursts sneak in with a bag of gold to act on their findings. Unfortunately, Mrs. Hurst falls in to the pot with predictable results. Mrs. Hurst and Mrs. Hurst-Hurst battle for identity. Then Mr. Hurst falls in and the quartet's confusion is interrupted by Countess Dig lamenting her inner emptiness. The angry Hursts throw her into the pot, then fight each other.


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What's up, what's down in funding for nonprofits?
December 30, 2014 By Jennifer Chandler | Posted in: Trends | Fundraising
As we look at the funding landscape for charitable nonprofits heading into 2015, nonprofits are feeling as if we're on a see-saw.
In some ways, we're on top of the world: recent reports tell us that the tide may be turning – a little – when it comes to private philanthropy's interest in providing funding for capacity building. And we're chipping away at the donating public's perception that "overhead is bad," and hopeful that being transparent about the full costs of delivering services will demonstrate the need for contributions to cover administrative costs and also give donors, foundations, and the media data to show that it actually costs something to deliver services in communities (gasp!).
But, on the other hand, the bumps at the bottom of our see-saw ride are a reminder that the dollars flowing to charitable nonprofits are not enough to allow our sector to soar.
Here's what's up and what's down.
General operating support: A strong majority (81 percent) of grantmakers surveyed by Grantmakers for Effective Organizations, known as "GEO," reported that their grants include general operating support grants. From this group of grantmakers, the median percentage of their total grant dollars that went towards general operating support was 25 percent - a big leap from just 3 years ago, when the median was only 20 percent. However, we're also hearing from the field that many grantmakers are still stuck in the mindset that a "new" initiative is more exciting than an existing program or funding general operating support. "Funders continue to change their criteria and do not support general operational expenses. Everyone wants a new initiative, but if the old one is working and producing why not continue to fund what works?" (Quote from survey respondent in the The Fall 2014 State of Grantseeking ReportTM ). The 2012 data reported by The Foundation Center indicates that there were fewer dollars and grants directed for general operating support in 2012, than in 2011, so we're still holding our collective breaths on this one.
Multiyear Support: This headline in the 2014 national study of philanthropic practice by GEO was music to our ears: "Multiyear support is making a comeback. Most funders now give multiyear grants." Thank you, GEO for this insight: "Multiyear support shouldn't be a fair weather practice. In tough times, nonprofits need this stabilty more than ever. Long-term support allows nonprofits to plan with confidence and reduces the amount of time they have to spend applying for and reporting on grants."
Financial support for capacity building: The same study by GEO noted that more than 25 percent of the responding grantmakers reported they have increased the type of grant support most commonly associated with capacity building, which GEO also defines as "resiliency and capacity to navigate change."
Government dollars: Almost half the nonprofits surveyed by the Nonprofit Finance Fund in its 2014 State of the Sector survey (NFF survey) with government contracts or grants reported a decline over the past 5 years in the amount earned from those contracts/grants. Plus, late payments from governments continue to be a problem: 26 percent of those taking out a loan reported that they used the loan to fill a funding gap created by delays in payments from governments.
Donor loyalty: If your nonprofit had a donor retention rate of only 42 percent, what would you do? That's the national median retention rate for donors, according to the 2014 Fundraising Effectiveness Project, which underscores that many nonprofits are losing ground in their return-on-investment for new donor cultivation. The data are sobering: for every 100 donors gained in 2013, there were 102 lapsed donors; over the last nine years, donor and gift dollar retention rates have been consistently below 50 percent. New donors were the least likely to make a repeat gift.
Corporate support: Where's the cash from corporate America? Yes, thank you for the in-kind gifts. Thank you, too, for the skilled volunteers. We don't want to sound ungrateful, but it was surprising that 2013 marked the smallest increase in corporate giving since 2011, and that the majority of the increase was attributed to in-kind gifts. Surplus inventory doesn't pay the bills.
Whether you are feeling up or down, we think you'll agree that these are challenging times for fundraising. Good luck to your nonprofit with its year-end fundraising activities. And please don't forget to thank your donors, and make sure your nonprofit is registered for charitable solicitation activity in every state where registration is required and where a nonprofit solicits contributions.
Fundraising/Development
#OwnYourOwnCosts
Nonpartisanship


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Council > News > Pedestrian safety a priority for Cessnock CBD Works
Works in the Cessnock CBD are winding down with the majority of the upgrade now completed in Cooper and Charlton Streets. Council is finalising works that will ensure the safety of pedestrians in the Cessnock CBD with the introduction of a 10 km/h Shared Zone.
Works in the Cessnock CBD are winding down with the majority of the upgrade now completed in Cooper and Charlton Streets. Council is finalising works that will ensure the safety of pedestrians in the Cessnock CBD with the introduction of a 10 km/h Shared Zone. Council's Infrastructure Manager, Katrina Kerr thanked the business owners and residents for their patience.
"The plan was to have the project finalised earlier but as the upgrade has progressed we've identified new opportunities to deliver a safer finished product. Council has received approval from Roads Maritimes Services to implement a 10 km/h Shared Zone along the paved section of Charlton Street, on each side of Cooper Street. This is an excellent addition, as it will significantly improve pedestrian safety so that shoppers can move freely around the CBD."
Drivers are reminded that a 10 km/h Shared Zone is a road where pedestrians and other vehicles share the road safely. Drivers are legally required to give way to all pedestrians and not exceed the 10km/h speed limit. It's all about putting pedestrians first and slowing vehicles down in an area that has very high pedestrian activity. Signage will be installed to ensure drivers and pedestrians are aware of the change to traffic flows and that pedestrians have priority of movement in the area.
The activity in the CBD is part of Stage 1.1 of delivering the Cessnock CBD Master Plan and associated Cessnock Commercial Precinct Project. This is all part of the Cessnock CBD Revitalisation that includes the Bridges Hill Park Playground project and access improvement upgrades.
To find out more about this project including background information and what the future holds for the CBD visit www.cessnock.nsw.gov.au/community/cessnockconstruction.
The project is funded through the Australian Government's National Stronger Regions Fund and NSW Governments Restart NSW– Resources for Regions Program. For further information about shared zones visit Centre for Road SafetyTransport for NSW.


text:
52-yr-old man becomes seventh casualty, three discharged
The state has been testing on an average at least 100 samples a day since March 24.
By: Express News Service | Ahmedabad | Updated: April 3, 2020 1:42:02 am
One person in Rajkot and two in Surat have been discharged after testing negative for COVID-19.
One more person tested positive for coronavirus, even as Gujarat saw the lowest number of tests in a week with only 73 tested since Wednesday, as per the COVID 19 dashboard of the Gujarat government. The state has been testing an average of 100 samples a day since March 24.
The number of COVID-19 cases in the state reached 88 on Thursday.
A 52-year-old man in Vadodara succumbed earlier in the day. The man and his wife had toured Sri Lanka. Their daughter, son and daughter-in-law are also infected.
Three discharged
Three others were also discharged across the state on Thursday — one from Rajkot and two others from Surat — taking the number of cumulative recoveries in the state to 10.
Nadim Sevingya (32), the first confirmed case in the state, was discharged from Rajkot civil hospital and returned home in Jungleshwar area of the city on Thursday. His 15 family members who were kept at a government quarantine facility also returned home after their observation period ended. The family had travelled to Saudi Arabia for Umrah and returned to Rajkot on March 8. Nadim was admitted to civil hospital on March 17 and laboratory tests confirmed on March 19.
"He tested negative for coronavirus for two consecutive days on March 31 and April 1 and therefore he was discharged today. While the 14-day incubation period of the virus is over, the patient has been advised 14-day home quarantine as international literature suggests that follow-up should be there for 28-day window period," Dr. Mitesh Bhanderi, chief district health officer (CDHO) of Rajkot said.
In Surat, 23-year-old Faisal, a resident of Karimabad society on God Dod Road, was admitted to the new civil hospital on March 19, and tested positive on March 21. With a travel history to UAE and Sri Lanka, he was discharged two weeks later on Thursday.
Kumarpal Shah (45), a resident of Kailashnagar in Surat, who was admitted in the NCH on March 21 and tested positive on March 24 too was discharged on Thursday evening. He had no travel history and had come in contact with a positive patient.
Surat Municipal Commissioner Banchhanidhi Pani said, "Till now one died due to coronavirus in Surat and three patients have been discharged following full recovery, of the 10 who tested positive. The remaining ones are in stable condition. A total of 150 suspected patients turned up in Surat city out of which 134 tested negative."
New patient in Bhavnagar
A week after a 70-year-old man died in Bhavnagar, who was later confirmed to have contracted novel coronavirus infection, one of his family members tested positive for the viral infection on Thursday. With this, the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Bhavnagar district has gone up to seven.
"Today, a kin of the 70-year-old man has tested positive for coronavirus. The patient is a 27-year-old male and used to live with the 70-year-old man. We had shifted him to an institutional quarantine facility after the 70-year-old man tested positive. While in quarantine, we took samples of the 27-year-old and they returned positive for the infection today," Dr. R K Sinha, medical officer of health of Bhavnagar Municipal Corporation, told The Indian Express.
The 70-year-old man had travelled to Delhi on March 10 to attend a religious gathering. He had dialled the fever helpline number in the third week of March and the health department had asked him to quarantine himself in his home. However, his condition deteriorated and he was admitted to Sir Takhtasinhji General Hospital in Bhavnagar city. He had succumbed to the disease on March 26. Hours later, his samples had tested positive for COVID-19, prompting authorities to shift his family to an institutional quarantine facility.


Abbas and the Palestinian leadership are clearly trying to drag Israel into a religious conflict with all Muslims, not only Palestinians. The Temple Mount has become their favorite platform for disseminating blood libels and fabrications against Israel and Jews. If anyone is defiling the sanctity of the holy site, it is Abbas and his representatives in the West Bank. Abbas's ruling Fatah faction played a major role in the protests that erupted over the latest incident at the Dome of the Rock (involving the policeman with the skullcap. The police later detained Awad Salaymeh, a senior Fatah official in east Jerusalem, for his role in the incident involving the policeman. He and other Fatah activists were at the scene as part of their leadership's ongoing effort to instigate tensions between Jews and Muslims at the Temple Mount.
This starkly polarizing view of the world represents the direct opposite of classic Jewish tradition.
There are several discernible meanings to the ennobling Jewish tradition of mercy, all of which stand in profoundly stark contrast to longstanding Islamist/jihadist concepts of sacrifice.
The uncompromising Islamist/jihadist view is that expansive and violent sacrifice of non-members is the most acceptable way toward achieving personal and collective redemption. Alternatively, ancient Jewish tradition calls for more expansive empathy with all others as the most genuinely sanctified way to achieve this goal.
While it would be hard to disagree that the traditional Jewish path is to be preferred by decent people everywhere, it is also clear that any gainful realization of universalized empathy could have certain utterly unbearable consequences. In principle, to be sure, Jewish empathy is preferable to Islamist/jihadist antipathy, but even this evidently better path would face several powerful impediments or plausible obstructions.
"I would hope that President Trump would slow the withdrawal until we truly destroy ISIS," Lindsey Graham told a press conference in Ankara, using an acronym for the Islamic State extremist group.
The South Carolina lawmaker warned any hasty pullout could lead to a "nightmare" scenario for Israel because of increasing Iranian influence in the war-torn country and for Turkey because of its national security concerns.
Israel has accused Iran of seeking to establish a military presence in Syria and of transferring advanced weaponry to the Hezbollah terror group in Lebanon. In recent years, the IDF has carried out hundreds of airstrikes against Iranian and Hezbollah targets in Syria, and Israeli officials have expressed concern that an American withdrawal would create a power vacuum in the region, allowing Tehran to expand its military entrenchment near the Israeli border.
Graham arrived in Turkey on Friday for a two-day visit during which he met Turkish officials including President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu.
The alleged gunman Mehdi Nemmouche listened impassively as relatives of the victims of the Jewish museum shooting testified at a Brussels court about how the May 2014 attack tore their lives apart.
"I live like a mother whose wings were cut," Alexandre Strens' mother Annie Adam said.
Strens, the 26-year-old receptionist at the Jewish Museum of Belgium, died from a gunshot wound to the head two weeks after the anti-Semitic attack.
Friday was the first time since the trial opened more than a week ago that Nemmouche, a 33-year-old Frenchman, has confronted the anguish of the victims' families.
Adam told the court about the call she made to the police to learn if her son was a victim and the question the doctor asked when she arrived at the hospital.
Adam, aided by a microphone, recalled the tears that ran down her child's cheek after his operation.
Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad said that it was the country's "right" to deny entry to Israeli nationals and that it was "unfair to label him as anti-Semitic" for previous anti-Semitic remarks while criticizing the Israeli government.
Malaysia has banned Israeli athletes from an upcoming Paralympic swimming tournament, a move harshly criticized by Israel "shameful." Israel further called for the International Paralympic Committee to help reverse the decision or change the venue of the Kuching tournament, scheduled for July and August on the island of Borneo, a qualifying event for the Tokyo 2020 Paralympics.
"Many countries today are seeing outsiders coming to their country and they are not very happy about it. They are overthrowing their governments because their governments allow immigrants to come in," Mohamad said Friday in a discussion session posted to Facebook.
"We feel that they were doing a lot of wrong things but getting away with it, because nobody dares to say anything against them," he said.
Palestinian Authority Minister for Local Government, Hussein al-A'araj, issued a public apology on Saturday for saying that the protests in Hebron against a new social security law were being led by a Palestinian collaborator with Israel.
The minister did not name the man allegedly leading the protests from Kiryat Arba. His remarks, however, drew strong condemnations from many Palestinians, those living in Hebron.
The controversial law, which has triggered mass protests throughout the West Bank, requires employers and their workers to make monthly payments into a government-managed fund, which will later be used to pay pensioners. The protesters fear that the fund will be mismanaged by corrupt officials.
Al-A'araj, who hails from a village near Jenin, is a former PA governor of Hebron. He also previously served as director of the Palestinian Presidency Office.
Suhaib Zahdeh, one of the leaders of the protests against the new social security law in Hebron, strongly condemned the minister's remarks and called on him to immediately apologize to all the residents of the city.
Unlike the dozens of other memoirs and autobiographies by Iranian women that have surfaced in the last 20 years, The Wind in My Hair is a riveting story of battles won and demons defeated. Here, at last, is one Iranian woman who does not wish she were a man, does not feel wasted, refuses to remain powerless. Crucially, she has inspired thousands of other women, mostly inside the country and at great risk to their own and their families' safety, to defy hijab laws.
It is true that she has been blessed with a rare charisma and, depending on how you look at it, cursed with a natural inability to accept limitations that the majority of her fellow citizens would consider immutable. She has, and continues to pay a hefty price for that inability or unwillingness: to be in solitary confinement in an Iranian prison in her late teens, exiled from home and family in her 20s, cursed and—literally—spat at in public in her early 30s; to be a source of shame, even today, for the people she loves, criticized and verbally attacked by a good portion of her fellow Iranians—these are not trifling losses, especially for a person with a traditional upbringing.
But there is a much more significant, more monumentally novel basis for Alinejad's success, and it hearkens back to an assumption that, for so long, had defined the average Iranian woman's self-image: the idea that goodness equates obedience.
It is a notion so deeply engrained in the national psyche that even the blackest of the black sheep among us have rarely, if ever, challenged until now. If you didn't have the advantage of belonging to a certain financial or ancestral class, or the freedom to leave the country and start elsewhere; if you were one of the more than 40 million middle- and working-class Iranian women like Alinejad, you could be virtuous and compliant, or defiant and damned.
This is what drove Goldin's grandmother to give away her daughter in marriage to a stranger from another town, and never step in to stop his abuse of her. It's what compelled Goldin's father to burn her books, what kept Nafisi "silent" about the abuse she suffered as a young girl in Iran. It's what allows hijab–wearing women in Iran today to verbally and physically assault those who defy hijab laws for a day or an hour.
And it may be the one false idol that, if smashed, will bring down the roof and let collapse the walls of the house that the mullahs built.
Mallory slipped when she said that Palestinians are native to the land because when Hoover then asked her if she felt that Jewish people are native as well.
Mallory babbled about how there are different ideologies that think that Jewish people are native to that land, but since she's not Jewish it's not fair for her to speak about that.
Hoover then pointed out that Mallory isn't Palestinian either so…why speak about them and not the Jews? Oh that's because Mallory is speaking to the people "brutalized" over there.
The more she talks, the more people and organizations drop the Women's March. The DNC and NAACP quietly slipped away as did the Southern Poverty Law Center and EMILY's List. NOW dropped their sponsorship a few weeks ago.
Actresses Alyssa Milano, Debra Messing, and Rosanna Arquette don't want anything to do with the Women's March as long as anti-Semitism remains.
Chicago and New Orleans won't hold a march. The Washington state chapter closed.
"Days ago, @RashidaTlaib was photographed at an event with Abbas Hamideh, a man who has praised terrorist groups Hamas and Hezbollah and equated Zionists with Nazis," ADL CEO Jonathan Greenblatt said Thursday on Twitter.
"We ask her to clarify his attendance and denounce his anti-Semitism," he said.
On January 12, he posted on Twitter a photo in which he is standing next to Tlaib, holding a painting of the congresswoman, a freshman who is a Palestinian-American, wearing traditional Palestinian dress in front of the Capitol.
Boston's Jewish Community Relations Council passed a resolution saying its members cannot partner with Jewish groups that are anti-Zionist, setting up a showdown with one of its members, the local branch of the Workmen's Circle.
The vote follows discussions that started in July, when the member group Boston Workmen's Circle signed a statement by Jewish Voice for Peace, an organization that supports the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement against Israel.
The council — made up of member groups, community representatives, as well as the organization's officers, board of directors and past presidents — passed the resolution with 62 members voting in favor, 13 voting against and eight abstaining.
As of now, the Boston Workmen's Circle, a group with socialist roots that promotes Jewish culture and Yiddish, is still a member of the umbrella organization, JCRC Executive Director Jeremy Burton told JTA on Friday.
The UCLA event was sponsored by a coalition of groups including the same Students Supporting Israel chapter that had been harassed last May. Rabbi Abraham Cooper, associate dean of the Simon Wiesenthal Center, attended to kick off the live-streamed event. At UCLA, it was a new day. When campus police learned of the event, they took immediate steps to ensure it would proceed with no interference. Two UCLA PD officers were dispatched to the event itself, both highly trained and deeply conversant with the pro-Israel and Jewish communal scene. A representative of the administration joined the officers. The police and administration declared that, in the event of a disruption, perpetrators would be given one warning to immediately cease and desist. If they did not, "they will be arrested and charged." This, coupled with the LA prosecutor's watchful eye, combined to insulate the event from criminal disruption.
Thus, thanks to leadership at StandWithUs and the Brandeis Center, and courageous students who stepped forward, combined with intense media scrutiny, the rate of acceleration of antisemitism on campus and especially at UC colleges has been temporarily been slowed — at least for the moment.
And according to the attached minutes of a November 2008 board meeting, the venerable Jewish newspaper could have used a little divine intervention in the thick of the financial crisis. Just six years removed from selling its radio signal for a reported $78 million, the Forward began that September with $63 million in invested assets. By the end of the month, as the stock market plummeted, that number had dropped even further, to $54 million — a $9 million loss within 30 days.
A couple of months later, the board would discover that it lost $355,000 in Bernard Madoff's Ponzi scheme.
One Ukraine brings to mind rampant antisemitism, Nazis, the Holocaust, nationalist marches with swastikas and SS symbols, more than 130 antisemitic acts in 2017 and Jewish communities wiped out.
Another Ukraine evokes a Jewish prime minister, Sholom Aleichem, a reinvigorated post-Soviet Jewish community, Hillels in almost every major city, a new Jewish Community Center in Kiev and young Jews openly wearing Star of David necklaces.
People from Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine's fourth largest city, speak proudly of how huge their Jewish community is. And Odessa, the fourth most populous, is still considered a Jewish city – though Jews make up less than 3% of the population.
"Only" 24 antisemitic incidents were reported in 2017 in this Jewish community on the verge of extinction.
In Ukraine, however, there are two Jews, three Ukraines, and five different kinds of antisemitism – all against the backdrop of a post-revolution government and ongoing civil and media wars with Russia.
Officials at a Minnesota high school wrote to parents after two students were pictured in a social media post doing a Nazi salute and holding a sign with references to Adolf Hitler.
The Minnesota Star Tribune reported the photo on a private Instagram account showed a teenage girl and boy doing the salute as they held an apparent invitation to the school's annual Valentine's Day dance called Sweethearts.
Members of the local Jewish community expressed outrage over the Hitler-themed invitation and Nazi salutes.
As Bauhaus, the most influential design school of the 20th century, marks its 100th birthday, examples of its keep-it-simple elegance can still be found across the globe.
The movement, based on the "form follows function" principle, revolutionized the practices of artists and artisans during 14 short years of existence before Adolf Hitler ran it out of Germany.
In sending its disciples including Walter Gropius, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Marcel Breuer into exile abroad, the Nazis ironically ensured the school's ideas would germinate the world over.
Bauhaus may be best known for its architecture and no city in the world has a larger collection of buildings in its style than Tel Aviv, where it is designated as a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage site.
Designed from the 1930s by German Jewish architects fleeing the Nazis, the more than 4,000 remaining "White City" apartment buildings — named for their pearly facades — became affordable housing for new arrivals.
But unlike their predecessors built for the German climate, the Tel Aviv constructions used less glass and added balconies that could capture cool breezes off the Mediterranean to help their residents beat the heat.


Meet some of the energetic volunteers working with us to connect and protect biodiversity corridors.
"As a wildlife photographer, I have always had a passion for wildlife and nature. Being in close proximity to wildlife and seeing them at their best, means conservation becomes a lot more personal.
'I've loved volunteering with QTFN. Every day is a new adventure and contributes to real conservation achievements.
"Private land conservation is such a vital part of protecting nature and wildlife in Queensland, and making landholders more aware of the threats to nature and wildlife on private land, and what they can do to help is much needed.
Thomas has provided enormous value to QTFN since signing up as a volunteer in early 2018. Motivated by a desire to make time for friends and to give back to the community Thomas has spent many weeks at Aroona doing maintenance and repairs to the homestead and surrounding gardens.
Volunteers like Thomas are critical to providing momentum and support for education and community programs. Thomas made a significant contribution to preparing the Aroona Homestead for Camp Koala with enormous good will, energy and abundant skill and experience.


Your reasons for investing in real estate are as unique as the properties you've invested in.
And so our property management strategies are individually tailored to suit your unique situation, property and budget, but always to maximise your investment yield.
We are also committed to delivering the best standards of service you have ever experienced in real estate – the confidence of knowing that your requests will be met every time and that your property manager is equipped with the skills and systems to manage your investment well.
Call our Windsor or North Richmond office today for an obligation-free appraisal on your investment property, or fill in the form below.


Pretty straightforward questions, or so you would think, but getting them answered can be far from straightforward.
The first challenge is to define what we mean by the term 'stakeholder'. There are several definitions and the one I prefer is 'anyone who is to receive benefit from, or intends to dedicate resources to, the service area or project'. This is a surprisingly large group of people, one that will evolve as time marches on and one that will require a few people to identify in the first instance as it requires several world views to capture then all. I usually ask people in a service area or project, to drop the names of people they believe are stakeholders onto post-it notes and then share them with their colleagues. In this exercise I always find some people have identified stakeholders others have forgotten, or simply are unaware of, so the more people involved in this exercise the greater the chance you have of identifying the whole stakeholder population.
Not all stakeholders are equal, some are for more important than others and this needs to be reflected in the way you seek to engage, influence and satisfy them. In the first instance put the service area or project onto the wall or table and using the post-it notes created above cluster those stakeholder names that you believe are key to the success of the area or project closer to the centre and those that you believe are less so further away. This simple filtering exercise will reveal your primary stakeholder group and by definition your secondary stakeholder group. The watch out here is to consider their importance in relation to the success of the area or project, and not their importance in the hierarchy. In other words people who hold senior leadership roles in your organisation may well be important people, but in the context of the service area or project you are considering, they may not be important stakeholders as by using the definition above they are not expecting to receive much benefit or dedicate much resource to this area or project.
Classifying stakeholders requires some thought, as the classification is a function of the purpose of the area or project you are leading. I usually default to a 'Power' and 'Perception' matrix as a simple starting point for classification.
The vertical axis is 'Power' by which I mean how influential are they in affecting the success of the area or project. In some cases the stakeholder may have a relatively junior role in the organisation but in relation to the service area or project they can be critical to it's success, therefore are very powerful in this classification!
The horizontal axis is' Perception', which is to say how do they feel and what do they think about the service area or project you are leading. To find this out requires a conversation, one you prepare for with great open questions, high listening skills, low defensive attitudes and careful expectation management. Those people with positive perception will be supporters, those in the middle will be neutral and those with a negative perception will resist and may detract from your success so need to be influenced and communicated with accordingly.
needs. For each audience work out how best to grab their attention, which media do they prefer to receive messages from and how will your communication stand out in what is a very noisy world. Here you are only limited by your imagination but please recognise that a blanket email transmission of the latest status report will not hit the mark, it will be ignored. One of the more effective projects I worked on in this area was a communication project called project 'Shush.' The aim was to disseminate key messages around the organisation quickly and the team recognised the already vibrant internal grapevine did this pretty well so they simply used this. They 'leaked' messages out in a controlled way and listened for the echo as the 'need to know' messages spread like wildfire around the organisation. Another Service Area I worked with hired the billboard on the local roundabout outside the organisations carpark and posted updates and key messages on this so it was visible to all as they drove, cycled and walked into work. Innovative communication that makes people smile and captures their interest will always hit the mark.
For the key stakeholders that have a negative perception then an influencing strategy is required. Remember you will only influence successfully on their terms not your own, so it is important to 'seek first to understand' their perspective and then 'match and pace' their concerns to progressively neutralise their negative perceptions. You might need help with this and those stakeholders in your 'supporter' group as classified in Tip#3 above may be better placed to help you move your 'resistors' into a more productive place so do not be afraid to ask for help in this area.
Asking stakeholders what they want too early in the thinking and planning process can be futile as they probably do not know. They might be able to describe the symptoms of the problem you are trying to solve, or the ideal outcome they would like if they had no constraints, but at the start of a new project or new service there is a lot we do not know we do not know. So tread carefully with the initial conversations. Explore what expectations they have for success, what constraints and risks they can foresee and ask them what Tangible, Intangible and Peripheral benefits they envisage as a result of the work you are doing. For more tips in this area take a look at my previous blogs on the topics of: 'The art of persuasion'; & 'The Search for Value'.
Managing stakeholders is key to managing your areas/project success and your own reputation and is something that requires careful consideration and skill to achieve. If this is something that you would like to find out more about then please contact me and we can explore this further.
← Leadership tips for taking over an existing team.


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text:
\section{Introduction}
The use of models belonging to the different areas of physics has been  highly efficient in order to produce important theories. Gravity is a good example where pioneering works of Bekenstein\cite{Bek}, Hawking\cite{Haw} and Unruh\cite{Unr} have shown a deep connection between thermodynamics and relativity. Taking advantage of this result,
E. Verlinde\cite{Ver}  by using basically the holographic principle and the equipartition theorem has derived the usual gravitational field.  Certainly, this is an important and intriguing result. Before the work of Verlinde, some authors have also investigated gravity from a thermodynamics point of view. Among them we can cite the works of Jacobson\cite{Jac} and Padmanabhan\cite{Pad}. Related ideas to the  Padmanabhan's works can also be found in Cantcheff\cite{MC} . It is opportune to notice that  Banerjee and Majhi\cite{BM} have also given a statistical interpretation of gravity.

Having in mind a possible connection between gravity theories and solid state models, Gao\cite{G}, in the context of Verlinde's formalism,  has observed that at low temperatures the equipartition
theorem must  be corrected according to the Debye solid model\cite{Kit}. As an important  consequence,  the gravitational force is modified. More specifically, Li and Chang\cite{LC} have obtained the modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND theory\cite{Mond}) from the one dimensional Debye model. Here, we must mention that Modesto and Randono\cite{MR} have also pointed out the possibility of obtaining MOND theory from an area entropy relation in the Verlinde's formalism. Kiselev and Timofeev\cite{KT} have also related MOND theory with the collective motions of holographic screen bits. The MOND theory, in the context of cosmology, has been successful in explaining most of the observed galaxies rotation curve. As the equipartition law of energy plays an important role in the entropic gravity formalism, then our purpose in this paper is to modify the equipartition theorem by adopting an alternative method to the Debye model. During the cooling of the system we will consider that
part of the bits acquires zero energy without the system to have still reached the zero temperature. In principle, there is a critical temperature
where this phenomenon starts to occur. When we subtract the number of bits with zero energy from the total number of bits in the equipartition formula, the MOND theory is obtained. There are several possibilities of introducing inhomogeneity in the Verlinde's formalism and our motivation in choosing a particular form, Eq.(\ref{n0}), was to derive MOND theory. In order to clarify the exposition of the subject, this paper is organized as follows:
in Section 2 we give a short review of Verlinde's formalism where the usual Newton's law of gravity is derived. In Section 3 we derive the MOND theory from the nonhomogeneous cooling of bits. In Section 4 we derive the MOND theory equivalent of the Friedmann equations also from the nonhomogeneous cooling of bits. In Section 5 we make our concluding remarks.

\section{Entropic Gravitational Acceleration}
In this section we will briefly  show, in a quantitative manner, the steps used by Verlinde in order to derive the gravitational acceleration. We will begin by considering a spherical surface as the holographic screen with a particle of mass M positioned in its center. A holographic screen can be thought as a storage device for information. The number of bits is then assumed to be proportional to the area $A$ of the holographic screen

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{bits}
N = \frac{A c^3}{G \hbar},
\end{eqnarray}
where $ A = 4 \pi r^2 $.
The energy of the particle is

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{en}
E = M c^2.
\end{eqnarray}
An important assumption in the Verlinde's formalism is that the total energy of the bits on the screen is given by the equipartition law of energy

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{eq}
E = \frac{1}{2}\,N k_B T.
\end{eqnarray}
Assuming that the energy of the particle inside the holographic screen is equal to the equipartition law of energy

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{meq}
M c^2 = \frac{1}{2}\,N k_B T,
\end{eqnarray}
and using Eq.(\ref{bits}) together with the Unruh temperature formula

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{un}
k_B T = \frac{1}{2\pi}\, \frac{\hbar a}{c},
\end{eqnarray}
we are then able to derive the well known (absolute) gravitational acceleration formula

\begin{eqnarray}
a= \frac{G M}{r^2}.
\end{eqnarray}

\section{The MOND Theory and Modified Entropic Force}
The success of MOND theory is due to its ability, in principle as a phenomenological model, to explain the most of the rotation
curve of galaxies. MOND theory reproduces the well known Tully-Fisher relation\cite{TF} and can also be an alternative to the dark matter model. Basically
this theory is a modification of Newton's second law in which can be described as

\begin{eqnarray}
F=m\; \mu\(\frac{a}{a_0}\)\,a,
\end{eqnarray}
where $\mu(x)$ is a function with the following properties: $\mu(x)\approx 1$ for $ x > > 1$, $\mu(x) \approx x$ for $ x < < 1$
and $ a_0 $ is a constant.
There are different interpolation functions for $\mu(x)$\cite{form}. However, it is believed that the main implications caused by the MOND theory  do not depend on the specific form of these functions. Therefore, for simplicity, it is usual to assume that the variation of $\mu(x)$ between the asymptotic limits occurs abruptly at $x=1$ or $a=a_0$.

We will begin our proposal by considering that, below a critical temperature, the cooling of the holographic screen is not homogeneous. We choose that the fraction of bits with zero energy is given by the formula

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{n0}
\frac{N_0}{N} = 1-\frac{T}{T_c}.
\end{eqnarray}
For $ T \geq T_c $ we have $N_0=0$. Thus, $T_c$ is a critical temperature where, below this, the zero energy phenomenon for some bits starts to occur.
Equation (\ref{n0}) is a usual relation of the critical phenomena and second order phase transitions theory. The number of bits with energy different of zero for a given temperature $ T < T_c $ is

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{sub}
N-N_0 = N \frac{T}{T_c}.
\end{eqnarray}
Substituting Eq.(\ref{sub}) in the equipartition law of energy, we get

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{ebec}
E = \frac{1}{2}\, N \frac{T}{T_c} k_B T.
\end{eqnarray}
Then, following the Verlinde's formalism where we have used Eqs.(\ref{bits}), (\ref{en}), (\ref{un}) and (\ref{ebec}), we derive, for $ T < T_c $, the MOND theory for Newton's law of gravitation

\begin{eqnarray}
a\,\(\frac{a}{a_0}\)=G \frac{M}{r^2},
\end{eqnarray}
where

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{a0}
a_0=\frac{2\pi c\, k_B  T_c}{\hbar}.
\end{eqnarray}
Using $a_0\approx 10^{-10}\, m\,s^{-2}$ we get $T_c \approx 10^{-31} K$,  an extremely low temperature which is far from the usual temperatures observed in our real world. Therefore, below the critical temperature, $T_c$, we have obtained as a consequence of MOND theory that the usual Newton's second law is no longer valid.

At this point we would like to stress that the hypothesis of nonhomogeneous cooling of bits can be justified by making use of thermostatistic arguments. Below the critical (low) temperature, the thermal bath does not ensure an exact application of the equipartition theorem for all bits, i.e., the thermalization of the system does not guarantee that all bits have the same energy. This result frequently occurs in many different physical systems. As an example, we can mention the well known coupled harmonic oscillators model\cite{chom} where the energy is not be shared between the independent normal modes of this system.

The concept of nonhomogeneous cooling of bits  allows us to imagine a curious hypothetical case that is when all bits acquire zero energy at the same time for a particular acceleration or specific critical temperature different of zero. In the language of critical phenomena, we can say that this case is similar to the first order phase transition. Then, using the abrupt energy change of the bits and Eqs.(\ref{bits}), (\ref{en}), (\ref{meq}) and (\ref{un}), we obtain that the gravitational acceleration has an interesting behavior that is not approaching to zero for very large distances but tends to a constant value. If this phenomenon occurs,
we expect that the asymptotic value of the acceleration must be very small when compared with values of our everyday world and
certainly it is very difficult of being measured by the current experimental techniques.

\section{Modified Friedmann Equation Compatible with MOND Theory}
 In this section we will derive a modified Friedmann equation compatible with MOND theory. We use the same steps of Cai, Cao and  Ohta\cite{CCO} who have obtained the Friedmann equations from entropic force (similar results can be found in references \cite{TP}, \cite{SY} and \cite{AS}). The only difference is that we will introduce the concept of nonhomogeneous cooling of bits in the equipartition law of energy as we did in the previous section. We will begin by considering a flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FWR) universe whose metric is

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{flat}
ds^2 = - dt^2 + a^2(t) \(dr^2 + r^2 d\Omega^2\).
\end{eqnarray}
We suppose that in the FWR universe the matter source, for simplicity, is a perfect fluid with the stress-energy tensor given by

\begin{eqnarray}
T_{\mu\nu} = (\rho + \frac{p}{c^2}) u_\mu u_\nu + \frac{p}{c^2} g_{\mu\nu},
\end{eqnarray}
where $ \rho$ is the mass density, $p$ is the pressure and $u^\mu = (1,0,0,0)$ is the four velocity of the fluid measured by a comoving observer. We choose as the holographic screen a spherical surface with the radius $ \tilde{r} = a(t) r$. Consequently, the acceleration in which will be used in the Unruh temperature formula is $ a_r = \ddot{a} r $. The mass inside the holographic screen is given by the Tolman-Komar mass relation

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{tm}
M &=& 2 \int_V dV \( T_{\mu\nu} - \frac{1}{2} T g_{\mu\nu} \) u^\mu u^\nu\nonumber\\
&=&\frac{4\pi}{3}\, a^3 r^3 \, (\rho + \frac{3 p}{c^2}).
\end{eqnarray}
At this point we are ready to apply the Verlinde's formalism with the fraction bits number with zero energy,  Eq.(\ref{n0}), being used in the equipartition law of energy. Combining Eqs.(\ref{bits}), (\ref{en}), (\ref{un}), (\ref{ebec}) and (\ref{tm}), we get

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{fm}
\ddot{a} = - \[ \frac{4\pi G a_0 }{3} (\rho + \frac{3 p}{c^2})  \frac{a}{r} \]^{\frac{1}{2}},
\end{eqnarray}
which is the acceleration equation for the dynamical evolution of the FWR universe compatible with MOND theory. The parameter $a_0$
is the same as defined in  Eq.(\ref{a0}).
The minus sign in Eq.(\ref{fm}) is due to our consideration that the acceleration is caused by the matter inside the holographic screen.
Due to the algebraic form of  Eq.(\ref{fm}), at first, we can not integrate it and consequently we can not write an expression for $\dot{a}$, as usually is done for the Friedmann equations. What it is amazing in the entropic formalism is that we are deriving a modified Friedmann equation compatible with MOND theory by a thermostatistic approach and not by a modified relativistic theory\cite{Jacob} which would, in principle, necessary to derive an exact result.

Rewriting  Eq.(\ref{fm}) in terms of $\tilde{r}= a(t) r $, we get

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{fms}
\ddot{\tilde{r}} = - \[ \frac{4\pi G a_0 }{3} (\rho + \frac{3 p}{c^2})  \tilde{r} \]^{\frac{1}{2}},
\end{eqnarray}
which is the same expression obtained by Sanders\cite{San} in another context.

\section{Conclusions}
In this work, we use the holographic principle and a modified equipartition law of energy, where we have introduced
the notion of nonhomogeneous cooling of bits, in order to derive MOND theory and a modified Friedmann equation compatible with MOND theory. The key point of our work is that, below a critical temperature, the energy of the particle inside the holographic screen is not distributed equally on all bits. This hypothesis leads to a change in the equipartition energy formula where now it is  proportional
to the square of temperature. Using the Unruh temperature we are then able to derive MOND theory.
To finish, we would like to point out that an important result of our work is the reinterpretation of MOND's parameter $a_0$, Eq.(\ref{a0}), in terms of the Planck constant, and a critical temperature where below this, the nonhomogeneous bits distribution of energy begins to occur.

\section{Acknowledgments}
The author thanks M. Botta Cantcheff for sending reference\cite{MC},  B. R. Majhi for sending reference \cite{BM} and V. V. Kiselev for sending reference\cite{KT}.

\section{Introduction}
The use of models belonging to the different areas of physics has been  highly efficient in order to produce important theories. Gravity is a good example where pioneering works of Bekenstein\cite{Bek}, Hawking\cite{Haw} and Unruh\cite{Unr} have shown a deep connection between thermodynamics and relativity. Taking advantage of this result,
E. Verlinde\cite{Ver}  by using basically the holographic principle and the equipartition theorem has derived the usual gravitational field.  Certainly, this is an important and intriguing result. Before the work of Verlinde, some authors have also investigated gravity from a thermodynamics point of view. Among them we can cite the works of Jacobson\cite{Jac} and Padmanabhan\cite{Pad}. We should also mention that related ideas to the  Padmanabhan's works can also be found in Cantcheff\cite{MC}. In addition, Banerjee and Majhi\cite{BM} have also given a statistical interpretation of gravity.

Having in mind a possible connection between gravity theories and solid state models, Gao\cite{Gao}, in the context of the Verlinde's formalism,  has observed that at low temperatures the equipartition
theorem must  be corrected according to the Debye's solid model\cite{Kit}. As an important  consequence,  the gravitational force is modified. It is opportune  to mention here that the energy of a system in the Debye's model goes to zero when the temperature reaches zero. However, in the Gao's approach, the energy of the gravitational system remains constant. This behavior indicates that there is a possible difference between the Gao's procedure and the usual Debye's model.
Li and Chang\cite{LC}, in an interesting work, have obtained the modified Newtonian dynamics (abbreviated by MOND and originally proposed by Milgrom\cite{Mond}) from the one dimensional Debye model. Also, in the Verlinde's picture,  Modesto and Randono\cite{MR} have pointed out the possibility of obtaining MOND theory from an area entropy relation and Kiselev and Timofeev\cite{KT} have related MOND theory with the collective motions of the holographic screen bits. MOND theory, in the context of cosmology, has been successful in explaining most of the observed galaxies rotation curve. As the equipartition law of energy plays an important role in the entropic gravity formalism then our purpose in this paper is to modify the equipartition theorem by adopting an alternative method to the Debye model. In the Debye's solid model the atoms are arranged in a crystal lattice structure where each can be considered as a harmonic oscillator. In our scheme, based on models of critical phenomena, during the cooling of the system, we assume that, at first, the bits are not clustered in a lattice structure. We will consider that part of the bits acquires zero energy without the system to have still reached the zero temperature. In principle, there is a critical temperature
where this phenomenon starts to occur. When we subtract the number of bits with zero energy from the total number of bits in the equipartition formula, the MOND theory is obtained. There are several possibilities of introducing inhomogeneity in the Verlinde's formalism and our motivation in choosing a particular form, Eq.(\ref{n0}), was to derive MOND theory. In the last part of this work, we rederive  a modified form of the gravitational force, previously obtained
 by Sheykhi\cite{AS},  by using the equipartition theorem with an appropriate redefinition of the number of bits.

\section{Entropic Gravitational Acceleration}
In this section we will briefly  show, in a quantitative manner, the steps used by Verlinde\cite{Ver} in order to derive the gravitational acceleration. We will begin by considering a spherical surface as the holographic screen with a particle of mass M positioned in its center. A holographic screen can be thought as a storage device for information. The number of bits is then assumed to be proportional to the area $A$ of the holographic screen

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{bits}
N = \frac{A}{l_p^2},
\end{eqnarray}
where $ A = 4 \pi r^2 $ and $l_p^2 = \frac{G\hbar}{c^3}$ . The term bit signifies the smallest unit of information in the holographic screen.
The energy of the particle is

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{en}
E = M c^2.
\end{eqnarray}
An important assumption in the Verlinde's formalism is that the total energy of the bits on the screen is given by the equipartition law of energy

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{eq}
E = \frac{1}{2}\,N k_B T.
\end{eqnarray}
It is important to mention that for black hole space-time Eq.(3) can be proved without assuming a priori the validity of this equation\cite{BM}. Assuming that the energy of the particle inside the holographic screen is equal to the equipartition law of energy

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{meq}
M c^2 = \frac{1}{2}\,N k_B T,
\end{eqnarray}
and using Eq.(\ref{bits}) together with the Unruh temperature formula

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{un}
k_B T = \frac{1}{2\pi}\, \frac{\hbar a}{c},
\end{eqnarray}
we are then able to derive the well known (absolute) gravitational acceleration formula

\begin{eqnarray}
a= \frac{G M}{r^2}.
\end{eqnarray}

\section{The MOND Theory and Modified Entropic Force}
The success of MOND theory is due to its ability, in principle as a phenomenological model, to explain the most of the rotation
curve of galaxies. MOND theory reproduces the well known Tully-Fisher relation\cite{TF} and can also be an alternative to the dark matter model. However, it is opportune to mention that MOND theory can not explain the temperature profile of galaxy clusters and presents some trouble when confronting with cosmology. For details, see, for example, references \cite{Sk} and \cite{NP}.
Basically this theory is a modification of Newton's second law in which the force can be described as

\begin{eqnarray}
F=m\; \mu\(\frac{a}{a_0}\)\,a,
\end{eqnarray}
where $\mu(x)$ is a function with the following properties: $\mu(x)\approx 1$ for $ x > > 1$, $\mu(x) \approx x$ for $ x < < 1$
and $ a_0 $ is a constant.
There are different interpolation functions for $\mu(x)$\cite{form}. However, it is believed that the main implications caused by the MOND theory  do not depend on the specific form of these functions. Therefore, for simplicity, it is usual to assume that the variation of $\mu(x)$ between the asymptotic limits occurs abruptly at $x=1$ or $a=a_0$.

We will begin our proposal by considering that, below a critical temperature, the cooling of the holographic screen is not homogeneous. We choose that the fraction of bits with zero energy is given by the formula

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{n0}
\frac{N_0}{N} = 1-\frac{T}{T_c},
\end{eqnarray}
where $N$ is the total number of bits given by the formula (1), $N_0$ is the number of bits with zero energy and $T_c$ is the critical temperature.
For $ T \geq T_c $ we have $N_0=0$ and for $T < T_c$ the zero energy phenomenon for some bits starts to occur.
Equation (\ref{n0}) is an usual relation of critical phenomena and second order phase transitions theory. The number of bits with energy different of zero for a given temperature $ T < T_c \,$ is

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{sub}
N-N_0 = N \frac{T}{T_c}.
\end{eqnarray}
Here, we are assuming that Eq.(\ref{bits}) is still valid below $T_c$. Whereas now the energy of the particle inside the holographic screen is equally distributed on all bits with nonzero energy and using relation (9) in the equipartition law of energy, we get

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{ebec}
M c^2 &=& \frac{1}{2} (N-N_0) k_B T \nonumber\\\nonumber\\
&=& \frac{1}{2}\, N \frac{T}{T_c}\; k_B T.
\end{eqnarray}
Then, combining Eqs.(1), (5) and (10), we are capable of deriving,  for $ T < T_c $, the MOND theory for Newton's law of gravitation

\begin{eqnarray}
a\,\(\frac{a}{a_0}\)=G \frac{M}{r^2},
\end{eqnarray}
where

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{a0}
a_0=\frac{2\pi c\, k_B  T_c}{\hbar}.
\end{eqnarray}
Using $a_0\approx 10^{-10}\, m\,s^{-2}$ we get $T_c \approx 10^{-31} K$,  an extremely low temperature which is far from the usual temperatures observed in our real world.  Here, a brief comment on this extremely low temperature must be made. Rewriting Eq.(\ref{un}) in the form

\begin{eqnarray}
T \approx 4 \times 10^{-21} \, \frac{K}{m/s^2}\; a,
\end{eqnarray}
then, we can observe that, at first, any model that combines the Unruh temperature with MOND theory ($a_0\approx 10^{-10}\, m\, s^{-2}$) leads to the value of the critical temperature, $T_c$, mentioned above. According to the Unruh effect, where an accelerating observer will observe a black-body radiation, our critical temperature
should be observed in an accelerated reference frame that can be the galaxies.
Therefore, below the critical temperature, $T_c$, we have obtained as a consequence of MOND theory that the usual Newton's second law is no longer valid.

We also want to make a comment on the possibility to occur phase transitions in our model. The energy of the system, Eq.(\ref{ebec}), is a constant value ($E = M c^2$) as well as it is constant in the Debye's model as mentioned in the introduction. Then, the derivative of this expression with respect to temperature, which is the specific heat, is zero. However, so that the phase transition takes place, it is necessary that the specific heat  presents singularity at the critical temperature. Therefore, if we use the behavior of the specific heat as the indicator of phase transition, we can conclude that, strictly speaking, there is no phase transition in our particular model\cite{Huang}.

The hypothesis of nonhomogeneous cooling of bits can be justified by making use of thermostatistic arguments. Below the critical (low) temperature, the thermal bath does not ensure an exact application of the equipartition theorem for all bits, i.e., the thermalization of the system does not guarantee that all bits have the same energy. This result frequently occurs in many different physical systems. As an example, we can mention the well known coupled harmonic oscillators model\cite{chom} where the energy is not be shared between the independent normal modes of this system.

The concept of nonhomogeneous cooling of bits  allows us to imagine a curious hypothetical case that is when all bits acquire zero energy at the same time for a particular acceleration or specific critical temperature different of zero. In the language of critical phenomena, we can say that this case is similar to the first order phase transition. Then, using the abrupt energy change of the bits and Eqs.(\ref{bits}), (\ref{en}), (\ref{meq}) and (\ref{un}), we obtain that the gravitational acceleration has an interesting behavior that is not approaching to zero for very large distances but tends to a constant value. If this phenomenon occurs,
we expect that the asymptotic value of the acceleration must be very small when compared with values of our everyday world and
certainly it is very difficult of being measured by the current experimental techniques.

\section{Modified Friedmann Equation Compatible with MOND Theory}
 In this section we will derive a modified Friedmann equation compatible with MOND theory. We use the same steps of Cai, Cao and  Ohta\cite{CCO} who have obtained the Friedmann equations from entropic force (similar results can be found in references \cite{TP} and \cite{SY}). The only difference is that we will introduce the concept of nonhomogeneous cooling of bits in the equipartition law of energy as we did in the previous section. We will begin by considering a flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe whose metric is

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{flat}
ds^2 = - dt^2 + a^2(t) \(dr^2 + r^2 d\Omega^2\).
\end{eqnarray}
We suppose that in the FRW universe the matter source, for simplicity, is a perfect fluid with the stress-energy tensor given by

\begin{eqnarray}
T_{\mu\nu} = (\rho + \frac{p}{c^2}) u_\mu u_\nu + \frac{p}{c^2} g_{\mu\nu},
\end{eqnarray}
where $ \rho$ is the mass density, $p$ is the pressure and $u^\mu = (1,0,0,0)$ is the four velocity of the fluid measured by a comoving observer. We choose as the holographic screen a spherical surface with the radius $ \tilde{r} = a(t) r$. Consequently, the acceleration in which will be used in the Unruh temperature formula is $ a_r = \ddot{a} r $. The mass inside the holographic screen is given by the Tolman-Komar mass relation\cite{TK}

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{tm}
M &=& 2 \int_V dV \( T_{\mu\nu} - \frac{1}{2} T g_{\mu\nu} \) u^\mu u^\nu\nonumber\\
&=&\frac{4\pi}{3}\, a^3 r^3 \, (\rho + \frac{3 p}{c^2}).
\end{eqnarray}
At this point we are ready to apply the Verlinde's formalism with the fraction bits number with zero energy,  Eq.(\ref{n0}), being used in the equipartition law of energy. Combining Eqs.(\ref{bits}), (\ref{en}), (\ref{un}), (\ref{ebec}) and (\ref{tm}), we get

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{fm}
\ddot{a} = - \[ \frac{4\pi G a_0 }{3} (\rho + \frac{3 p}{c^2})  \frac{a}{r} \]^{\frac{1}{2}},
\end{eqnarray}
which is the acceleration equation for the dynamical evolution of the FRW universe compatible with MOND theory. The parameter $a_0$
is the same as defined in  Eq.(\ref{a0}).
The minus sign in Eq.(\ref{fm}) is due to our consideration that the acceleration is caused by the matter inside the holographic screen.
Due to the algebraic form of  Eq.(\ref{fm}), at first, we can not integrate it and consequently we can not write an expression for $\dot{a}$, as usually is done for the Friedmann equations. What it is amazing in the entropic formalism is that we are deriving a modified Friedmann equation compatible with MOND theory by a thermostatistic approach and not by a modified relativistic theory\cite{Jacob} which would, in principle, be necessary to derive an exact result.

Rewriting  Eq.(\ref{fm}) in terms of $\tilde{r}= a(t) r $, we get

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{fms}
\ddot{\tilde{r}} = - \[ \frac{4\pi G a_0 }{3} (\rho + \frac{3 p}{c^2})  \tilde{r} \]^{\frac{1}{2}},
\end{eqnarray}
which is the same expression obtained by Sanders\cite{San} in another context. Our derivation of the modified Friedmann equation relies on the relativistic Tolman-Komar mass formula, Eq.(\ref{tm}). This choice means that we  are adopting a particular theory of gravity. If we use another equally acceptable theory that is the Hawking-Hayward or Misner-Sharp mass formula, we can show that the results are Eqs. (\ref{fm}) and (\ref{fms}) without the pressure term. For more details of Hawking-Hayward energy and Misner-Sharp energy see references \cite{H2} and  \cite{C2}, respectively.

\section{Entropic Corrections to the Newton's Law of Gravitation}

Loop quantum gravity provides quantum corrections for the entropy-area relation of black holes. This modified formula is written as

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{slqg}
S = \frac{A}{4 l_p^2} - \beta \ln \frac{A}{4 l_p^2} + \gamma \frac{l_p^2}{A} + const.\;,
\end{eqnarray}
where $\beta$ and $\gamma$ are dimensionless constants of order unity. The values of these constants are not precisely determined  and still remain an open question in loop quantum cosmology.  Sheykhi, by utilizing the modified entropy-area relation(\ref{slqg}), has been able to derive a correction to the Newton's law of gravitation by adopting the viewpoint of Verlinde's formalism (another similar result can be found in reference \cite{LDHD}) . The result is

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{fs}
F = - \frac{ G M m}{R^2} \[ 1 - \frac{\beta}{\pi} \frac{l_p^2}{R^2} - \frac{\gamma}{4 \pi^2}\frac{l_p^4}{R^4} \].
\\ \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
Using the FRW metric, Eq.(\ref{flat}), the definition of mass density, $\rho=M/V$, and the Tolman-Komar mass relation, Eq.(\ref{tm}),  Sheykhi has also derived from Eq.(\ref{fs})  a modified equation for the dynamical evolution of the FRW universe given by

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{frids}
\frac{\ddot{a}}{a}=-\frac{4\pi G}{3} (\rho+3 p) \[ 1 - \frac{\beta}{\pi} \frac{l_p^2}{R^2} - \frac{\gamma}{4 \pi^2}\frac{l_p^4}{R^4} \].
\end{eqnarray}
In this section  we will derive  Eqs.(\ref{fs}) and (\ref{frids}) by another procedure which consists of using the equipartition theorem together
 with  an adequate redefinition of the number of bits, $N$. Since, in the Verlinde's formalism, the definition of the number of bits, Eq.(\ref{bits}),  is, in principle, postulated then, we can adopt a new expression for the bit's number written as

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{Nc}
N^\prime= \frac{N}{1-\frac{4\beta}{N}-\frac{4\gamma}{N^2}},
\end{eqnarray}
where $N$ is given by Eq.(\ref{bits}). Hence, combining Eqs.(\ref{bits}), (\ref{en}), (\ref{eq}), (\ref{meq}), (\ref{un}) and (\ref{Nc}), we can rederive Eq.(\ref{fs}) and, consequently,  Eq.(\ref{frids}).
Here, it is interesting to note that different choices for the definition of the number of bits can result in different possible modified gravitational force expressions or different gravity theories.

\section{Conclusions}
In this work, we use the holographic principle and a modified equipartition law of energy, where we have introduced
the notion of nonhomogeneous cooling of bits, in order to derive MOND theory and a modified Friedmann equation compatible with MOND theory. The key point of our work is that, below a critical temperature, the energy of the particle inside the holographic screen is not distributed equally on all bits. This hypothesis leads to a change in the equipartition energy formula where now it is  proportional
to the square of temperature. Using the Unruh temperature we are then able to derive MOND theory.
We would like to point out that an important result of our work is the reinterpretation of MOND's parameter $a_0$, Eq.(\ref{a0}), in terms of the Planck constant and a critical temperature where below this the nonhomogeneous bits distribution of energy begins to occur. To finish, it is important to mention that our last result indicates that the quantum corrections effects of the entropy-area relation, Eq.(\ref{slqg}), can also be obtained  by taking the classical equipartition theorem in association with a suitable redefinition of the number of bits, Eq.(\ref{Nc}).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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text:
Бацање кугле у мушкој конкуренцији на 5. Светском првенству у атлетици у дворани 1995. у Барселони, (Шпанија) је одржано 10. марта у дворани Сант Ђорди у Барселона (Шпанија).

Титулу освојену у Торонту 1993 није бранио је Мајк Сталс из САД.

Земље учеснице
Учествовала су 16 такмичара из 13 земаља. .

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Освајачи медаља

Рекорди
Листа рекорда у бацању кугле пре почетка светског првенства 10. марта 1995. године.

Најбољи резултати у 1995. години
Четири најбољих атлетичара године у бацању кугле у дворани пре почетка првенства (10. марта 1995), имали су следећи пласман.

Такмичари чија су имена подебљана учествују на СП 1995.

Сатница

Резултати

Финале
Такмичење је одржано 10. марта 1995. године у 18:45. , ,

Референце

Спољашње везе
 Комплетни резултати СП 1995. на сајту ИААФ
 Резултати у бацању кугле за мушкарце на сајту ИААФ

Светско првенство у атлетици у дворани 1995.
Бацање кугле на Светском првенству у атлетици у дворани


text:
Mandarinia is a monotypic butterfly genus in the family Nymphalidae (Satyrinae). Its single species is Mandarinia regalis which has three subspecies.

Subspecies
Mandarinia regalis  regalis (West China, Central China, Burma)
Mandarinia regalis baronesa Fruhstorfer, 1906 (Indo China, Burma, South Yunnan)
Mandarinia regalis obliqua Zhao, 1994 (Sichuan)

A second species, Mandarinia uemurai, Sugiyama, 1993 is described  from Dujiangya
Sichuan, China.

References

"Mandarinia Leech, [1892]" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms

Satyrinae
Monotypic butterfly genera
Taxa named by John Henry Leech


text:
Top 6 Reasons Why You Should Attend Bike Love
by Melina Coogan
A community ride with Asheville On Bikes Jeff Mitchell
Bike Love is the annual fundraiser for Asheville on Bikes, a local nonprofit dedicated to fostering community and making our city a healthier, greener place through bike advocacy and education. On Feb. 21, from 6 pm to 1 am, Isis Bar and Music Hall in West Asheville will overflow with funk jams, New Belgium beer, and bike enthusiasts: Here's why you need to be one of them.
1. All Your Friends Will be There
All of your hip, community-oriented friends anyway. The ones who glow with physical fitness and extoll in the virtues of social engagement and civic duty (as well as the virtues of drinking, dancing, and DJs.) You can bet on a packed dance floor, as Bike Love is guaranteed to sell out. If you don't score a ticket in time, come back in a few hours—there will be rolling admission throughout the night as those with babysitters duck out before midnight.
If you're new to the scene, Bike Love is the perfect social mixer. "If you want to meet a bunch of people, this would be a great way to do it," says AoB cofounder Mike Sule. "There's a good age range as well. From 6 pm-8 pm, you'll find the older crowd who believe in the mission, who wants a quieter, more refined experience. They want to hear the presentations. Then you have the younger crowd, they're really there for the music and the fun, and the silent auction."
With over 400 people in attendance, you're sure to find a new cycling partner—or ten.
2. Drink For a Cause
Sharing a round of cold ones amongst friends is a virtue unto itself, but that pint of Fat Tire will taste even more refreshing if its for a good cause. New Belgium Brewery, a company renowned for its commitment to bicycle advocacy (and one that will be brewing in Asheville by the end of the year!) will donate a portion of its sales for the night to AoB. For the liquor lovers and the gluten free, Isis has a complete bar and a creative cocktail menu. Drinking for a cause is a noble effort indeed—just don't get too tipsy unless you have a tandem bike and a designated pedaler.
Asheville on Bikes Poster Mike Sule
3. Learn Something New (In Under One Hour!)
The event will include three short presentations—with 20 slides per speaker, 20 seconds of talking points per slide. In this neatly concise manner, learn about current challenges facing bike culture on the local, state, and national level, as well as new initiatives like the growing sport of Bicycle Polo here in Asheville. Speakers include representatives from Raleigh's Oaks and Spokes, the Metropolitan Planning Organization an AoB's Mike Sule.
4. ** Dance **
You've had some drinks, shared some laughs, and been edified in the ways of bicycle policy, now it's time to hit the dance floor. At 9 pm, the Freeflow Band will kick off the evening with old school funk and R&B jams, followed by a late night set from DJ Marleywho will keep you grooving until 1 a.m.
5. Find Love
After all, it's in the name! Rarely will you find a fundraiser so packed with taut calves and windburned cheeks. Once you've caught someone's eye and bonded over the importance of bike lanes, suggest meeting up for one of AoB's social rides. If you're daring, invite your potential Bike Love to hit the trails of Bent Creek or Kolo Bike Park; studies have shown that a surge of adrenaline (like the type that accompanies flying down Green's Lick Trail) can actually boost feelings of love and attraction. How's that for a life hack!
For Matt Kozue, a bike mechanic at Youngblood Bicycles, a cycling date is a no brainer. "If the two of you are predisposed towards the outdoors, then what beats a bike ride? Nothing. I mean, seriously. That's that."
An illuminated bicycle lights up Bike Love Sarah Whitmeyer
5. Get Geared Up
Aren't you getting that tax rebate soon? Bike Love will feature a silent auction of smartly designed cycle-wear, helmets, panniers, yoga classes, and more. It's also the best time to become an AoB member and proudly display your new status with an official helmet sticker and spoke card. If you're feeling lucky, buy a raffle ticket for a $500 voucher toward your bike of choice from any participating Asheville bike shop. And don't leave without a T-shirt or letterpress poster with the brand new AoB logo—a good way to broadcast your support of cycling and sustainability to the world.
6. Strength in Numbers
Bike Love is sure to be one of the social highlights of the year. But beneath the revelry lies a a sincere and important mission. Asheville on Bikes seeks to cultivate the community of urban and commuter biking, which has a direct impact on the health of a city and its people. By showing up, and especially by becoming a member, you are demonstrating that you stand with AoB and their message. When it comes to productivity and legislation, there is strength in numbers. "You can't get anything done without people," Sule says.
You can purchase tickets to Bike Love '15 at Second Gear, Motion Makers Bicycle Shop, Ski Country Sports, and Epic Cycles West.
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Logan Mahan
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James Dziezynski
Live like an Asheville local whenever, wherever
Get Outside & Explore Asheville, NC
The Best Mountain Bike Trails in Beaver County
by Stewart Green
5 of the Best Bouldering Areas in the Mid-Atlantic
by Alex Simone
Home for the Holidays: Lucas Debari
by Erin Brosterhous
Ladies Night, Outdoors Style
by Joanne O'Sullivan
Exploring Davis County's 10 Best Hiking and Mountain Biking Trails