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The Demand Driven Movement Then And Now
The demand driven movement has a rich history, dating back to a light-bulb moment when Chad Smith — then a Regional Director at the Goldratt Institute — was asked to help a client at OFD Foods explore solutions for improving service, not unit cost, in its freeze-dried food business.
A huge amount of change and growth is happening now in supply chains. As Demand Driven Technologies continues to celebrate ten years of supply chain leadership, we decided to reflect on the journey that the demand driven theory has taken over the past few decades, along with the cultural and economic factors that shaped it.
Ready to dive in to the past, present, and future of the Demand Driven Supply Chain Movement? Listen to the latest episode of the Flowcast, where supply chain leader Sarah Barnes Humphrey talks with Demand Driven Technologies CEO Erik Bush.
You can read our lightly edited transcript below.
Let me take you back in time to the decade I grew up in: the eighties. Fashion was bold, colorful, and filled with huge hair. New wave, synth pop, and glam metal were all over the radio, and Hollywood was experiencing a golden age of film, turning out hit after hit. The Berlin wall was torn down, and tech advances were coming in thick and fast, with pocket technology from the Casio watch to the Game Boy defining the decade.
Against this exciting cultural backdrop, what was happening in business, in the economy, and in the supply chain?
Quite an era it was for sure. At the time, I was working for IBM in Detroit, Michigan, and I was helping clients in the automotive industry. I don't know how directly Reaganomics had an impact on them, but the Big Three were getting their butts kicked by the offshore and import companies—especially in Japan, where Toyota and Honda had really started to make a dent in their business opportunities. They were bringing more affordable cars with much higher quality and revolutionizing the way the automotive industry now operates. There was a concept called the Toyota Production System that Toyota had developed, very much focused around total quality management. They had learned it from a guy named Deming, who had brought those principles over to Japan after World War II era.
And they were making great strides with these techniques. As part of the Toyota Production System, there was a concept called Lean, which is really intended to drive out variation—to get to perfection, if you will—because it was well understood that variation was the enemy of productivity in a supply chain environment. There was another concept called Kanban they developed, which allows you to use simple visual signals to pace the resupply of materials coming like to an automotive assembly line.
So, while DDMRP, as we'll talk about in a few minutes, hadn't really been invented yet, the roots of it were sown based in the Toyota production system, way back in that era. And it was striking to see what a difference in the quality of vehicles that the Japanese manufacturers were creating versus the Big Three in the US. And I think that was kind of where this demand-driven concept got its start.
You talked about Reaganomics, right? In the eighties, Ronald Reagan was president. His policies are commonly characterized as supply side economics, which is pretty much the opposite of demand driven. So how and why do you think that demand driven theory just started to come about in the eighties? Was it because the so-called Reaganomics weren't working?
Well, if you remember, the prime rate back in that era was around 10 or 11. So working capital was quite expensive. It was better than it was at the end of the seventies, but we still hadn't seen Reaganomics really bear fruit in terms of economic benefits. And because of that, people got seriously interested in looking for better ways to carry their inventory, plan their production, and things like that.
Another thing happening at the time was the introduction of what we called mid-range systems at IBM. There was something called the IBM System/36, then the AS/400. A company called Digital Equipment, or DEC, and Wang had started introducing smaller computers and application software to help mid-range and small and medium business gain the advantages of material requirements planning software and other functionality that was, up until then, really reserved for only the biggest companies.
Talk to me about that. Because you're talking about a huge tech boom in the eighties. Was there a relationship between supply chain innovation and the demand driven theory and those new tech advancements that you were talking about?
I don't think it really was hitting the demand theory at the time, because Toyota's Kanban system wasn't really computerized yet. But that was one of the great benefits. It was simple and easy to implement. You didn't need automation. I think it was the start, though. IBM had a solution called MAPICS at the time, which was a mid-range kind of ERP system in the very early days. And clients started adopting that. Up until then, computing was in the accounting and finance functions. It really hadn't reached into more functional areas like production, scheduling, and inventory management.
There was a concept called material requirements planning, introduced largely with IBM's help back in the early seventies, that had finally started to get some attention in the market. A lot of companies were buying MAPICS. They'd buy all the modules, which included MRP, but they frankly didn't implement that yet. They were buying it mostly for the financial backbone that it was providing them in their environment. So you start to see it coming into manufacturing, but I still think it was kind of early days. I think it really started to take root in the next decade.
So let's move into the nineties. All of that bold, bright "Wolf of Wall Street" greed vanished at the beginning of the decade with a recession that affected most of the Western world. The decade brought an explosion of pop, with Brit pop, teen pop, pop funk making their way onto the scene, along with supermodels, acid-washed jeans, and the girl power revolution. And this was your backdrop while you were creating demand driven, right?
In 1991, I moved back to my hometown, Cleveland, Ohio, to set up IBM's consulting practice and systems integration practice area. It was when IBM was finally getting off the addiction to hardware sales and realizing that there were other needs in the market around consulting services. At that time, some things began to emerge. ERP was starting to take root in earnest, fueled in part by the fact that legacy software maintenance was really becoming a big burden for a lot of companies. This is the early days of solutions like SAP, which start coming into the market and gaining quite a bit of traction.
Another thing that was really starting to hit was this worry about Y2K at the end of the decade. So now you see an accelerating rate of adoption of ERP, which is going to help companies avoid the legacy software maintenance burden and position them to avoid the Y2K problem.
But the logic in those systems at the time—and still today—was largely the same MRP ideas of the early 1970s. So as computing is progressing into manufacturing, the mania about cost optimization starts to really take root, because now we have computers to measure all this stuff. "Let's drive the productivity of every work center in our plant, right?"
Well, that sounds like a great idea, but it really was counterproductive. And this is where Dr. Eliyahu Goldratt's work and the Theory of Constraints really started to get a lot of attention, because, similar to Lean and the Toyota system—which are based on true demand and do not use your forecast to drive production and materials planning—it says, "Let's use the actual demand, the real consumption in the market." And it starts to call into question the principles that we should plan to forecast, and that we should manage resource productivity at the unit level.
TOC said, "No, focus on your constraints, because they're what are going to limit your productivity in your whole environment. Pace your materials to what's actually being consumed, because you lose the bias of an inaccurate forecast." It started to gain a lot of traction. So you're seeing a changeover in the systems landscape and the emergence of ideas that run counter to the conventions of the time—but also the massive spread of ERP, where clients are basically abandoning legacy systems at a rapid pace. By the end of the decade, they were pretty much all but eliminated
All that uncertainty. I was around for Y2K, and I remember everybody thinking that at midnight, when we changed into the year 2000, all the lights were going to go out and we weren't sure what was going to happen. And in the end, nothing happened.
Well, something big did happen, and that was that the Dot Com bubble burst. There had been so much hype in the industry around ecommerce and web technologies and things like that, and a huge buildup of interest in companies that got valued at ridiculous levels and later went bust.
So, let's get into the two thousands. One thing that I'll point out before we do is that I was working for a forwarder at the end of the nineties, and we were still working with fax machines and typewriters. It's incredible to think about where we were in the early two thousands. What were you seeing in the industry during this time? What changed and what was the impact of that rapid technological growth?
In the period from 2001 to the end of the decade, I was involved as a VP of Operations for IBM's consulting division, first in North America, then over in Europe for a few years after we bought PricewaterhouseCoopers. Following that, I headed up the development of our offshore software development centers, and the thing that you're still seeing, the tail end of the ERP migration.
In that role, I saw that a lot of clients were spending a lot of money deploying these systems, but fundamentally the needles weren't moving at the end. They weren't getting the better on-time order fill rates that they were expecting. They weren't seeing improvements in their inventory levels. A lot of them had expected that more modern software would fundamentally change their business, but because the underlying logic was still based in concepts from the seventies, it didn't really materialize.
During that time, inside of IBM, we were deploying this concept called replenishment for resource management. The idea was to pace how we allocated skillsets across the consulting division based on real demand, not the forecast. And we were getting much better alignment of our skills. Coming out of Y2K, we had too many people with legacy skills. Going into the dot com bubble required us to rapidly transform all of our skills. So, we were really seeing results with this more and agile and responsive way of managing versus "Tell me how many Java developers we will need in three years." I mean, who cares? You know, we'll figure it out when we get there. And I started really getting quite hooked on the demand-driven way. And, by the end of the decade, I started realizing that there were some fundamental gaps in way conventional software worked and what the market actually needs.
That's how all great technologies and businesses grow: by identifying gaps and challenging what people are doing. But another important thing that we need to talk about is consumer habits. How were consumer habits changing alongside these big changes that were happening in the two thousands? And how was that impacting supply chain and wider business?
I'd say the biggest factor was the emergence of the power of the consumer. With ecommerce and companies like eBay and Amazon, there was a fundamental power shift from the producers to the consumers. And that resulted in a lot of product proliferation. We've got Coke bottling into all sorts of different packaging. They're creating new sizes and flavors. The automotive companies are trying to provide more options. Cell phones are emerging, and they're trying to keep up with the rapid advancement of the technology.
It's an amazing period to go through, but the challenge is that, if you're trying to forecast against a continually broadening array of product items, you're in a losing battle, because you're not going to be able to keep up the growth of SKUs. And even though companies were coming out with better forecasting algorithms, they were really weren't cracking the nut in terms of competitive advantage.
If you go back to the seventies and eighties, there were around ten tire sizes that made up 90% of all sales. By the early two thousands, the top ten tire sizes were less than 30% of the market. You've got a big, heavy industry producing tires, and you're trying to adapt this ever-changing range of customer preferences. This was a major shift in the markets, where customers started to have the upper hand and it became much more difficult for the producers to keep up with that.
So, I want to bring up choice. Fast fashion also came out in the two thousands, and consumers had so many more choices, and businesses and supply chains had so many more choices that they were giving to their customers to try to keep up with the competition. I don't know about you, but I think it was just this sort of rat race that started happening with the emergence of the Internet.
Absolutely. It totally changed the paradigm. Now you've got a much more difficult challenge in ensuring that you have the right products for the market, whether it's in consumer or B2B. There's still a big impact in terms of the range of alternatives that clients have. They don't want to wait. If you're stocked out, they'll buy somebody else's product.
So that brings us to the 2010s. The last decade is surely defined by what the Internet has brought, from going viral to influencer culture, all facilitated by social media platforms like Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter. And, of course, by smartphones and constant streaming. Where would we all be without our Netflix binges? We talked about consumer habits changing in the two thousands. Now, we're talking about people changing not just how they spend but how they interact with brands and with each other. And this is when Demand Driven Technologies was founded. So tell me about how and why it was established and the need it was meeting at the time.
Like any great story, it was founded by accident. I had reached the end of my career with IBM and retired. I was ready to play golf. I started a blues band and life was good. And I kind of stumbled into an opportunity. A colleague who had helped me with our TOC journey at IBM had, in the ensuing 10 years, developed some software, but had gotten to the point where they didn't want to be in the software business anymore. It's kind of hard to be both a tech company and a good consulting firm. And we just happen to get reconnected by happenstance, and I thought, this is interesting, because the software was very early days, but it had promise, because it was built around the same Theory of Constraints foundation.
But it was also taking a little different look and it rounded some of the edges off the TOC thinking. And I thought, this would be a pretty interesting business. So I decided to form Demand Driven Technologies with the company that initially developed the software. I knew it was going to be a long slog to get started, because when you talk to manufacturers, you're talking about the vital organs of their company—their production and their inventory and things like that. They're not going from MySpace to Facebook over the weekend.
But, at the same time, if you know that it's going to work because you saw how all of those ERP deployments didn't move the needle, and you see Bureau of Labor Statistics data showing that, in fact, manufacturing inventory and turnover rates have not changed over the last 20 years in the US—that suggests there's a big opportunity out there, because companies aren't getting the value they should be able to achieve.
That was the impetus. MRP was invented years ago, and we can fly to Europe on a plane knowing that the pilot is rarely flying the plane—the system is doing the job. And yet, when we look at how people are planning their inventory, in so many companies, they're relying heavily on Excel. What's wrong with that picture? How come we haven't figured out how to crack this nut? Our motivation is to bring something genuine and valuable and different. If ERPs were long, labor-intensive, and the needle doesn't move, we have to offer rapid time-to-value, easy implementation, and affordability. And that strategy seems to work pretty well for us.
Let's go to our current decade. We began this decade with a real challenge. I mean, 2020 brought us a global pandemic that nobody could have predicted. And here we stand in 2021. How is the demand driven supply chain continuing to evolve, and how has COVID directly or maybe indirectly impacted that evolution?
I'll take it in two parts. First, let's talk about how the demand driven journey is expanding. We are seeing enterprise clients now who are ready to start roll-out. We're in a very large implementation, and we're going to hit 112 plants in about 18 months. We're beyond the proof point. There's a visceral commitment at the company level to take advantage of these concepts because they work and they get better value.
At the same time, the pandemic hit, and there's so much uncertainty, and everybody retrenches heavily. Back in March, when it really started, to six months later, all the industries we're talking to have seen just an amazing rebound. Because of what's taken place, people are taking a much more critical look at their supply chains and realizing the need for resilience. Because if you are tied up to long lead times from offshore suppliers, or if the way you're managing your business is all predicated on forecasts, you just don't know what's going to happen. You didn't know the pandemic was coming. You didn't know that the rebound was coming the way it did. And now you're trying to catch up.
So, if I'm a manufacturer, I'm taking a look to see where we can build more resilience, more flexibility into our business, because if we do that well, then we'll be able to find our way through whatever kind of rough waters we run into. That is a much more modern way of managing, when you think about it, because now I don't have to forecast at the item level. I don't have to worry about SKU proliferation as much. I'm going to figure out ways to be adaptable in that and let the market guide where I go into the future.
Finally, let's talk about your predictions. You know, we've gone from the eighties to the nineties, to the two thousands to current day, and you've been through it all in demand driven. So how will it continue to evolve? And will we have a completely different picture by 2030?
Absolutely. There will be a different picture. Today, in these kinds of software environments, in this kind of solution set, there is a lot of configurations that the user needs to make. You know, whether it's safety stock levels or DDMRP buffer settings—those should be done by the system. The system should be smart enough to figure those out for you and not require the user to intervene. And I think that through pattern recognition, artificial intelligence, and machine learning, we're going to be able to make the system intelligent enough to where a client could deploy the solution with very little outside intervention. And really take a lot of the complexity that's assumed to be required and just put it away.
In the future, we're going to get supply chain to feel a lot more like that commercial airline pilot, who's monitoring, using the radar screen and the other instruments to make adjustments, but isn't holding the stick the whole time and trying to fly the plane. We should be a lot farther along in terms of building adaptable and cognitive supply chain capabilities that make it a much more reliable, safe journey—one that doesn't require near the amount of human intervention that we've been used to.
Wrapping up, what's the one key takeaway that the audience should remember from our session today. I mean, we've talked about a lot. We've gone through what, four decades.
I think I would just ask people not to take something away, but to go back and question things. Why does it have to be this way? Maybe there is a better way out there, because I do think what's happened over the last 30 years or thereabouts, people kind of just acquiesced that this is as good as it's going to get. And I don't believe that's the case.


Short interest is low for APTV with fewer than 5% of shares on loan. The last change in the short interest score occurred more than 1 month ago and implies that there has been little change in sentiment among investors who seek to profit from falling equity prices.
ETF activity is neutral. ETFs that hold APTV had net inflows of $607 million over the last one-month. While these are not among the highest inflows of the last year, the rate of inflow is increasing.


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What could be learnt about the world if you could read the news from over 100 local newspapers for a period of 150 years?
This is what a team of researchers from Cardiff University and the University of Bristol have done using of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to analyse 150 years of British regional newspapers.
The patterns that emerged from the automated analysis ranged from the detection of major events, to the subtle variations in gender bias across the decades. The study has investigated transitions such as the uptake of new technologies and even new political ideas, in a new way that is more like genomic studies than traditional historical investigation.
The team of academics collaborated with the company findmypast, which is digitising historical newspapers from the British Library as part of their British Newspaper Archive project.
The main focus of the study was to establish if major historical and cultural changes could be detected from the subtle statistical footprints left in the collective content of local newspapers. How many women were mentioned? In which year did electricity start being mentioned more than steam? Crucially, this work goes well beyond counting words, and deploys AI methods to identify people and their gender, or locations and their position on the map.
The landmark study collected a huge amount of regional newspapers from the UK, including geographical and time-based information that is not available in other textual data such as books. Over 35 million articles and 28.6 billion words, from the British Library's newspaper collections, representing 14 per cent of all British regional outlets from 1800 to 1950, were used for the study.
Nello Cristianini, Professor of Artificial Intelligence, from the University of Bristol who led the study said: "The key aim of the study was to demonstrate an approach to understanding continuity and change in history, based on the distant reading of a vast body of news, which complements what is traditionally done by historians..."
"The research team showed that changes and continuities detected in newspaper content can reflect culture, biases in representation or actual real-world events. More detailed studies on the same data will be performed."
Professor Nello Cristianini , University of Bristol
Simple content analysis allowed the researchers to detect specific key events like wars, epidemics, coronations or gatherings with high accuracy, while the use of more refined techniques from AI enabled the research team to move beyond counting words by detecting references to named entities, such as individuals, companies and locations.
Some of the results were to be expected, and acted as a rational check for the approach, while other outcomes were not so obvious at the start of the analysis.
The researchers found in the areas of values, beliefs and UK politics that in the 19th century Gladstone was much more newsworthy than Disraeli; until the 1930's Liberals were mentioned more than Conservatives, and that reference to British identity took off in the 20th century.
In the subjects of technology and economy, the research team tracked the steady decline of steam and the rise of electricity, with a crossing point of 1898; trains overtook horses in popularity in 1902; and the four largest peaks for 'panic' corresponded with negative market movements linked to banking crises in 1826, 1847, 1857 and 1866.
The researchers have shown in the subjects of social change and popular culture that the Suffragette movement fell within a delimited time interval 1906 to 1918; 'actors', 'singers' and 'dancers' began to increase in the 1890s, rising significantly from then on, while references to 'politicians', by contrast, gradually declined from the early 20th century; and that 'football' was more prominent than 'cricket' from 1909.
Replicating a previous study done on book content, the researchers then moved on to link famous people in the news to their profession, finding that politicians and writers are most likely to achieve notoriety within their lifetimes, while scientists and mathematicians are less likely to achieve fame but decline less sharply.
More importantly, the researchers found that males are systematically more present than females during the entire period studied, but there is a slow increase of the presence of women after 1900, although it is difficult to attribute this to a single factor at the time. Interestingly, the amount of gender bias in the news over the period of investigation is not very different from current levels.
"Our research shows the enormous potential of the use of artificial intelligence techniques for the analysis of huge media data sets."
Professor Justin Lewis , Professor of Communication
Professor Justin Lewis, of Cardiff University's School of Journalism, Media and Cultural Studies, who was involved in the study, said: "While this will never replace more qualitative forms of analysis, it does allow us to trace the broad content of media across numerous outlets over long time periods. In the future, this approach will enhance our ability to explore keys issues, from political impartiality to social representation and influence."
Content analysis of 150 years of British periodicals by Lansdall-Welfare et al is published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
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Rosneft has won an auction on geological studying, exploration and production on the Tolaveysky site in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area (YNAA), it is told in materials of Rosnedra. The company will pay for the license 613,248 million rubles at the starting price of 127,76 million rubles. Besides Rosneft, part in an auction was taken by the Novatek-Yurkharovneftegaz companies (subsidiary of Novatek) and Novokhim. Auctions on two other sites in YaNAO - Erkutayakhsky and Southern Yamal 6 - were won by the Novokhim company which will pay for them 925,3 million rubles and 113,762 million rubles respectively. Besides Novokhim, Gazprom Neft applied for sites. Earlier Rosnedra have announced tenders on geological studying, exploration and production on three oil and gas sites in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area (YNAA) with resources more than 681 billion cubic meters of gas (on category D1). Erkutayakhsky and Tolaveysky sites and also the site Southern Yamal 6 have been offered for an auction. The starting payment in an auction on the Erkutayakhsky site made 185,06 million rubles, on the Tolaveysky site — 127,76 million rubles, on the site Southern Yamal 6 — 103,42 million rubles. The Erkutayakhsky site is located in the Yamal region of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area. Oil resources on the site make: on category D1 — 6,68 million tons, D2 — 21,12 million tons. Resources of gas condensate are estimated on category D1 — 16,33 million tons, D2 — 13,97 million tons. Resources of gas make on category D1 – 350,24 billion cubic meters, D2 – 112,26 billion cubic meters. The Tolaveysky site is located in Tazovsky district of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area. Oil resources on the site make: on category D1 — 7,9 million tons, D2 — 14,8 million tons. Resources of gas condensate are estimated: on category D1 — 9,2 million tons, D2 — 12,8 million tons. Resources of gas make: on category D1 – 130,8 billion cubic meters, D2 – 102,4 billion cubic meters. The site Southern Yamal 6 is located in the Yamal region of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area. Oil resources on the site make: on category D1 — 3,8 million tons, D2 — 12 million tons. Resources of gas condensate are estimated on category D1 — 9,3 million tons, D2 — 8 million tons. Resources of gas make on category D1 – 200 billion cubic meters, D2 – 64,1 billion cubic meters.


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Michael J. Kennedy
Associate Professor of Education
Ph.D., University of Kansas, 2011
M.Ed., University of Delaware, 2007
M.A., Michigan State University, 2004
B.A., Ithaca College, 1998
Michael J. Kennedy is an Associate Professor of Special Education in the School of Education and Human Development at the University of Virginia. He is the head of the STORMED Lab (Supporting Teachers through cOaching, obseRvations, and Multimedia to Educate students with Disabilities) please visit: https://curry.virginia.edu/faculty-research/centers-labs-projects/research-labs/stormed-lab. Before completing his Ph.D. at the University of Kansas, he was a high school special education teacher for six years and an elementary level teacher for three years. Kennedy's main area of research is the design, implementation, and experimental testing of multimedia-based interventions to support pre- and in-service teachers' knowledge and implementation of evidence-based practices. He has designed and experimentally tested numerous multimedia products intended to support teacher and student outcomes. Innovations include Content Acquisition Podcasts (CAPs), which are instructional vignettes intended to support teachers' knowledge and readiness to implement evidence-based and high-leverage practices. CAPs can also be used to support literacy and content related outcomes for students with high incidence disabilities. Please visit www.VocabSupport.com, www.SpedIntro.com, and www.highleveragepractices.org to find free resources for teaching and learning. In addition, Kennedy and two former doctoral students created the Classroom Teaching (CT) Scan (www.thectscan.com), which is a flexible tool used for observing teachers or teacher candidates and providing data-driven coaching and feedback. The CT Scan is paired with CAPs to create a multimedia professional development process for teachers seeking a light-touch option for learning new evidence-based practices and implementing them with fidelity.
Kennedy has published over 50 peer-reviewed articles; and, along with colleagues, received a 2018 doctoral level (Project SEEDS, see below) and 2019 masters level (Project VIDEO, see below) training grant from the Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP) within the U.S. Department of Education. In 2019, Kennedy and two colleagues also received a 5-year 2.5 million dollar grant as part of OSEP's Stepping Up technology implementation competition (Project S4, see below). He was an inaugural winner of the early career research and mentoring grant competition from the Institute for Education Sciences in 2013. He is Co-Editor of Journal of Special Education Technology and a member of U.Va's Faculty Senate. Kennedy won U.Va's Alumni Board of Trustees Award for excellence in university teaching in 2015.
(for full list please see linked vita)
Hirsch, S. E., Lloyd, J. W., & Kennedy, M. J. (2019). Professional development in practice: Improving novice teachers' use of evidence-based classroom management practices. Elementary School Journal, 120, 61-87.
Peeples, K. N., Hirsch, S. E., Gardner, S. J., Keeley, R. G., Sherrow, B. L., McKenzie, J. M., Randall, K. N., Romig, J. E., & Kennedy, M. J. (2019). Using multimedia instruction and performance feedback to improve preservice teachers' vocabulary instruction. Teacher Education & Special Education, 42, 227-245. doi: 10.1177/0888406418801913
Pullen, P.C., & Kennedy, M. J. (2019). Handbook of Multi-Tiered Systems of Support and Response to Intervention (Eds.). New York, Routledge.
Kennedy, M. J., Rodgers, W. J., Romig, J. E., Mathews, H. M., Peeples, K., (2018). Introducing the content acquisition podcast professional development (CAP-PD) process: Supporting vocabulary instruction for inclusive middle school science teachers. Teacher Education & Special Education, 41, 140-157. doi: 10.1177/0888406417745655
Kennedy, M. J., Rodgers, W. J., Romig, J. E., Lloyd, J. W., & Brownell, M. T. (2017). The impact of a multimedia professional development package on inclusive science teachers' vocabulary instruction. Journal of Teacher Education, 68, 213-230. doi: 10.1177/0022487116687554
Kennedy, M. J., Hirsch, S. E., Rodgers, W. J., Bruce, A., & Lloyd, J. W. (2017). Supporting high school teachers' implementation of evidence-based classroom management practices. Teaching and Teacher Education. 63, 47-57. doi: 10.1016/j.tate.2016.12.009
McLeskey, J., Barringer, M-D., Billingsley, B., Brownell, M., Jackson, D., Kennedy, M., Lewis, T., Maheady, L., Rodriguez, J., Scheeler, M. C., Winn, J., & Ziegler, D. (2017, January). High-leverage practices in special education. Arlington, VA: Council for Exceptional Children & CEEDAR Center. © 2017 CEC & CEEDAR.
Kennedy, M. J., Wagner, D., Stegall, J., Lembke, E., Miciak, J., Alves, K. D., Brown, T., Driver, M. K., & Hirsch, S. E. (2016). Using content acquisition podcasts to improve teacher candidate knowledge and application of curriculum-based measurement. Exceptional Children, 82, 303-320. doi: 10.1177/0014402915615885
Kennedy, M. J., Deshler, D. D., & Lloyd, J. W. (2015). Effects of multimedia vocabulary instruction on adolescents with learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 48, 22-38. doi: 10.1177/0022219413487406
Kennedy, M. J., Thomas, C. N., Aronin, S., Newton, J. R., & Lloyd, J. W. (2014). Improving teacher candidate knowledge using content acquisition podcasts. Computers & Education. 70, 116-127. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2013.08.010
Kennedy, M. J., Thomas, C. N., Meyer, J. P., Alves, K. D., & Lloyd, J. W. (2014). Using evidence-based multimedia to improve vocabulary performance of adolescents with LD. Learning Disability Quarterly, 37, 71-86. doi: 10.1177/0731948713507262
Funded Grant Activity:
Project S4
The overarching purpose of Project S4 (Supporting Student Science Success Through Multimedia Learning and Teacher Professional Development) is to improve academic achievement for middle school students with disabilities, thus helping them prepare for rigorous high school coursework and beyond. Through all aspects of this project, students with disabilities (SWD), English Leaners (ELs), and others who are at-risk for these challenges will gain access to evidence-based instructional technology through a series of multimedia modules intended to boost understanding of core concepts in science courses. Specifically, students will use content acquisition podcasts (see www.vocabsupport.com for samples), and visualizations and simulations of science concepts (phet.colorado.edu) to improve overall science performance. Teachers will receive professional development in part using the Classroom Teaching (CT) Scan (www.thectscan.com) and multimedia modules (see www.spedintro.com).
Project S4 is funded by a grant from the Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP) within the U.S. Department of Education (Grant # H327S190004). The Principal Investigator is Dr. Michael Kennedy, the Co-Principal Investigator is Dr. Jennie Chiu, and the project Investigator is Dr. Bill Therrien.
Project FRaME (Using Feedback, Reflection, and Multimedia to Teach Evidence-Based Practices in Classroom Management)
Project FRaME (Using Feedback, Reflection, and Multimedia to teach Evidence-based practices in classroom management) is a collaboration between the STORMED Lab at U.Va (Dr. Michael Kennedy, PI), Clemson University (Dr. Shanna Hirsch, Co-PI), and George Mason University (Dr. Sarah Nagro, Co-PI) and funded by the National Center on Special Education Research within the Institute for Education Sciences (#R324A200061). The primary outcome and goal is to develop a multimedia, multicomponent instructional approach (FRaME) for use in teacher preparation coursework and field placements. We will work with approximately 30 teacher preparation institutions around the country to iteratively develop and test FRaME and its capacity to support teacher candidates' knowledge and implementation of tier 1 classroom management practices.
A Master's Degree Program in Special Education Available at the University of Virginia
Funded by the Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP)
Do you have a bachelor's degree and thought about becoming a special education teacher? Do you have an interest in learning how to teach students to read? Project VIDEO could be for you! We have funding to provide $12,000 fellowships to well-qualified individuals seeking to become special education teachers or speech-language pathologists who will work in schools.
The purpose of Project VIDEO (Virginia Intensification for Individuals with Dyslexia who need Explicitness and Ongoing Tiered Supports) is to collaboratively prepare special education teachers alongside speech-language pathologists (SLPs). This project is funded by the Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP) within the U.S. Department of Education (Grant # H325K190048). The successful completion of this project will contribute to OSEP Director Laurie VanderPloeg's call to attract, prepare, and retain effective personnel in special education. Like most states, Virginia (VA) has a critical shortage of certified special educators and SLPs; this shortage contributes to students with disabilities (SWD) experiencing among the worst academic outcomes of any student group (Virginia Department of Education, 2019).
Funded scholars in project VIDEO will either be enrolled in U.Va's post-graduate masters of teaching program that leads to state licensure as a special educator (K-12), or U.Va's communication disorders master's degree program that leads to licensure as a SLP. The scholars selected from among the two programs will complete their respective programs, but also share coursework and aligned practice-based opportunities in shared field experiences. The two programs have separate application processes and requirements.
The first VIDEO scholars from special education will enroll in June of 2020 and complete their masters/licensure program in May of 2021 (11-month program). The first VIDEO scholars in the SLP program will enroll in June of 2020 and graduate in December of 2022 (2.5-year program). Subsequent scholars will follow the same sequence for the duration of project funding. We aim to use project funds to support a total of 75 future professionals (15 professionals/year x 5 years) who serve VA students with dyslexia and other disabilities. Each will receive a $12,000 fellowship to help address financial barriers to entering the field. The fellowship will be applied directly to the student account. Other fellowships, scholarships and awards are also available. Scholars who accept funding from the federal government are expected to work with students with disabilities in schools for at two years for every one year they accept funding.
Questions? Email Project Director Dr. Michael Kennedy at [email protected] Apply today! Co-Principal Investigators on the project are Dr. LaVae Hoffman, Dr. Lysandra Cook, and Dr. Emily Solari.
Special Education Teachers for the Future (SEEDS)
A Ph.D. Program in Special Education Available at the University of Virginia
The SEEDS program is currently filled. Please contact Dr. Kennedy for other opportunities for doctoral funding.
Program Area
Two SURP Interns Discover Their Passion for Research Through Support at Curry
Future Teachers Respond Better to Multimedia Lessons than Text
Two SURP Interns Discuss How They Found a Community at Curry
U.Va.'s Kennedy Wins $400K Early Career Award to Boost Teachers', Students' Performance in Spec. Ed.
Still on Top: Curry's Special Ed Program
Prof. Kennedy Launches Free Video Series to Support Teachers
Back-To-School Tools for Those Who Support Students
Researchers Awarded $1.4M Grant Supporting Teachers in Their Work with Students with Disabilities
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City schools parents worry they're running out of time to create plan for special needs children
Michael J. Kennedy Dept. of Curriculum, Instruction and Special Education Bavaro Hall 327
PO Box 400273 Charlottesville, VA 22904


A Master Plan is an essential management and design tool for all property development where multiple buildings and staged development programs are required.
Parry and Rosenthal Architects have extensive experience in the master planning of educational campuses, residential developments, aged care facilities, mining camps, infrastructure projects, community sites and cultural precincts.
Recent examples of significant projects include Heathcote Redevelopment on Point Heathcote in Applecross, Whiteman Park, East Perth Precinct, the Southern Seawater Desalination Plant, Bunbury Harbour City, Point Grey, Banksia Grove and numerous Primary, Secondary and Tertiary educational campuses throughout Western Australia.


I recently had the opportunity to visit what's known as Greece's most beautiful island, Santorini. It has become even more popular in the recent years thanks to social media, with the likes of well known bloggers and brands posting pictures of the white walled alleys with bright blue domes of churches coming out of the side of the volcanic mountain. Santorini is best known for its sunset, deep jewel blue ocean and black sand beaches and of course its volcanic landscape. This makes it a top destination for weddings as well as couples get aways.
I wanted to share my take on this gorgeous island and the little gems I've found that made my visit super special. As the island is so small I managed to explore almost all the parts that are worth seeing. Most travel around the island on quad bikes or mopeds but I highly recommend to chose the safer option of hiring a car.
Oia is where most of the photoshoots and circulated images are from as its the most picturesque town. However Oia is on a cliff top and doesn't have a beach to cool off when the heat is peaking, especially if you're not staying in Oia then you don't have access to a pool. So the place to be at is "Lioyerma Lounge", its a pool bar where they serve food and drinks while having access to a pool. But what makes this lounge so special is the location. It has the perfect view of the world famous Sanotini sunset and you can sit on your sun lounger and watch the sun go down.
Perivolos consists of miles and miles of black sand beaches with beach bars and restaurants on the promenade. "Jojo" is by far the nicest beach bar on the entire island. It is reminiscent of Nikki Beach or Blue Marlin Ibiza as it has a vast pool with other water features around the bar. Huge white beds with plush cushions and sun loungers with access to a beach. They have shisha, food, drinks, loud music and overall a good vibe.
Akrotori is best known for its ancient ruins. Its a pre historic and preserved town. Near it, is the famous Red Beach. Its a beach encased in volcanic red rock and the whole scene is quite spectacular. For me the best part of the south of the island is a little restaurant called "To Prasaki" located above a small port in the village of Vlichada. Its the top rated restaurant in the entire island and rightly so. It serves the best sea food in a humble outdoor surrounding against a beautiful ocean front backdrop.
Fira is the capital and has many things to do and see. Its the bigger, more vibrant version of Oia. It has many restaurants, hotels, bars and clubs and shops. It also boasts a beautiful view of the sunset and architecture, however its not as boutiquey or quaint as Oia. Santorini isn't a party island so the closest you're going to get to a fun night out is in Fira. You can start of with Sphinx which is a fine dining restaurant with the most incredible views of the ocean, the volcano and of course the sunset. For dinner drinks and hang out place I'd suggest "Crystal" which is a cute little bar that serves an array of drinks which cosy booths, hanging off the of the cliff overlooking other bars, restaurants and beautiful Santorini skyline. If you wanted to continue the night into early hours of the morning then the one place that qualifies as an actual club is "Koo". It is located in the inner alleys of the town and has an indoor bar and outdoor bar/seating area, but thats not to that it isn't impressive. It plays all the commercial music, has a beautiful lighting under the starry Santorini night.
I've travelled to many places but the landscape and unique architecture of Santorini has been unparalleled. Its an island which reminds you to appreciate the power and beauty of nature in todays day and age. Hope my tips help and make your trip special should you decide to visit one day.
PS- sorry for the quality of pictures they were taken on my iPhone!


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Macworld's Jason Snell answers some of the questions some of us might have about the new iPod shuffle, like: what's the story behind removing the controls (something to do with the iPhone) or what will happen to audiobooks and podcasts when loaded into the shuffle (they'll have their own playlists) or there are no pictures of the bottom of the iPod shuffle, so what does it look like? You have to read the rest of the article to know the answer to the last question. Besides, it's worth the read.
In the meantime, iLounge and AppleInsider has posted unboxing photos if you want to see more 3G iPod shuffle goodness. iLounge includes a first look review on the new iPod.
Two prominent tech journalists have already reviewed the 3G iPod shuffle and they were fairly positive in their reviews. The downsides, according to Walt Mossberg, include the decrease in claimed battery life to 10 hours, 2 hours less than the previous generation, the difficulty in using third-party earphones because of the lack of control, and the tediousness of having to listen to the iPod enumerate all your playlists if you have stuffed a lot of them into the shuffle .
Edward Baig from USA Today shared the same sentiment with Mossberg with regards to the Apple Earphones and the shortened battery life. He did say he got an hour more than the claimed 10 hour battery life during his tests.


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Home » Oil & Gas » Helium
Helium: A byproduct of the natural gas industry
Helium's unique properties make it the perfect gas for many important applications
Article by: Hobart M. King, PhD, RPG
Helium blimp: Most people have heard of helium being used as a lifting gas for weather balloons, blimps, and party balloons. These are very minor uses of helium. The use that consumes more helium than any other is cooling the magnets in MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) machines in medical facilities. Goodyear blimp photo by Derek Jensen.
What is Helium?
Helium is a chemical element and a colorless, odorless, tasteless, inert gas. It has the smallest atomic radius of any element and the second-lowest atomic weight. It is lighter than air.
Most people know that helium is used as a lifting gas in blimps and party balloons, but they can't name another way in which it is used. The number one use of helium is as a cooling gas for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines used in medical facilities. Other important uses of helium include: a protective gas for welding, an inert gas for controlled atmosphere manufacturing, a fugitive gas used for leak detection, and a low-viscosity gas for pressurized breathing mixtures.
Where Does Helium Come From?
Very little helium is present in Earth's atmosphere. It is such a light element that Earth's gravity cannot hold it. When present at Earth's surface, unconfined helium immediately begins rising until it escapes the planet. That's why party balloons rise!
The helium that is produced commercially is obtained from the ground. Some natural gas fields have enough helium mingled with the gas that it can be extracted at an economical cost. A few fields in the United States contain over 7% helium by volume. Companies that drill for natural gas in these areas produce the natural gas, process it and remove the helium as a byproduct.
Helium-bearing natural gas deposits: Deposit model for helium-bearing natural gas fields in the United States. Helium is produced by the decay of uranium and thorium in granitoid basement rocks. The liberated helium is buoyant and moves toward the surface in porosity associated with basement faults. The helium then moves upward through porous sedimentary cover until it is trapped with natural gas under beds of anhydrite or salt. These are the only laterally-persistent rock types that are able to trap and contain the tiny, buoyant helium atoms. This geological situation only occurs at a few locations in the world and is why rich helium accumulations are rare.
Related: A New Use of Helium - Hard Drives
Why is Helium in Some Natural Gas?
Most of the helium that is removed from natural gas is thought to form from radioactive decay of uranium and thorium in granitoid rocks of Earth's continental crust. As a very light gas, it is buoyant and seeks to move upward as soon as it forms. The richest helium accumulations are found where three conditions exist: 1) granitoid basement rocks are rich in uranium and thorium; 2) the basement rocks are fractured and faulted to provide escape paths for the helium; and, 3) porous sedimentary rocks above the basement faults are capped by an impermeable seal of halite or anhydrite. [1] When all three of these conditions are met, helium might accumulate in the porous sedimentary rock layer.
Helium has the smallest atomic radius of any element, about 0.2 nanometers. So, when it forms and starts moving upward, it can fit through very small pore spaces within the rocks. Halite and anhydrite are the only sedimentary rocks that can block the upward migration of helium atoms. Shales that have their pore spaces plugged with abundant organic materials (kerogen) sometimes serve as a less effective barrier.
Helium-bearing natural gas deposits: Map showing the natural gas fields that serve as important sources of helium in the United States. The natural gas produced from these fields contains between 0.3% to over 7% helium. The helium is removed from the gas for commercial sale. Image by Geology.com using location data from the United States Geological Survey. [2]
Where is Natural Gas Rich in Helium?
Most unprocessed natural gas contains at least trace amounts of helium. Very few natural gas fields contain enough to justify a helium recovery process. A natural gas source must contain at least 0.3% helium to be considered as a potential helium source.
World Helium Resources
Country Billion Cubic Meters
United States 20.6
Qatar 10.1
Algeria 8.2
Russia 6.8
Canada 2.0
China 1.1
The values above are estimated helium resources from USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries. [3]
In 2010, all of the natural gas processed for helium in the United States came from fields in Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Utah, and Wyoming as shown on the accompanying map. The Hugoton Field in Oklahoma, Kansas and Texas; the Panoma Field in Kansas; the Keyes Field in Oklahoma; the Panhandle West and Cliffside Fields in Texas, and the Riley Ridge Field in Wyoming account for most of the helium production in the United States. [2]
During 2010, the United States produced 128 million cubic meters of helium. Of that amount, 53 million cubic meters of helium were extracted from natural gas, and 75 million cubic meters were withdrawn from the National Helium Reserve. Other countries with known production amounts were: Algeria (18 mcm), Qatar (13 mcm), Russia (6 mcm), and Poland (3 mcm). Canada and China produced small but unreported amounts of helium. [3]
Helium in MRI machines: The number one use of helium is cooling the magnets in the MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) machines used to diagnose disease and injury in medical facilities.
A New Use for Helium: The first helium-sealed hard drive was produced in 2013. Helium enables the drive to use less energy, produce less heat, make less noise, take up less space, hold more data and produce fewer vibrations than a standard hard drive. Learn more. Photo copyright iStockphoto / deepblue4you.
Uses of Helium
Helium has a number of properties that make it exceptionally well-suited for certain uses. In some of these uses, helium is the best possible gas to use, and in a few there is no adequate substitute for helium. Several uses of helium along with the properties that make it suitable for the use are described below.
The number one use of helium is in the magnetic resonance imaging machines used in medical facilities to assess injuries and diagnose illness. These machines utilize a magnetic field that is produced by a superconducting magnet. These magnets generate an enormous amount of heat. Liquid helium is the cooling substance of choice for regulating the temperature of these magnets. Because helium has the second-lowest specific heat of any gas and the lowest boiling/melting point of any element, there is no foreseen substitute for helium in this very important use.
Lifting Gas
Helium has the second-lowest atomic weight of any element. Only hydrogen has a lower atomic weight. As a lighter-than-air gas, helium has been used as a "lifting gas" for airships and balloons. Blimps, dirigibles, zeppelins, anti-aircraft balloons, weather balloons and other lighter-than-air craft have all used helium as a lifting gas. It is much safer than hydrogen because it is not flammable. This was the most important category of helium use until the end of World War II. Much lower amounts of helium are now used as a lifting gas.
Purging gas: Helium is used by NASA and the Department of Defense to purge liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen from fuel tanks and fuel delivery systems of rocket engines. Helium is inert and has a freezing temperature that is so low that it remains a gas through the purging process. A flow of helium into these systems has even been used during emergencies to extinguish fires. Image by NASA.
Helium breathing mixtures: Helium is used to prepare breathing gas mixtures for deep-water diving. Helium is inert and has a low viscosity under pressure which allows easier breathing. Image by NOAA.
Purging Gas
Helium has the lowest melting and boiling point of any gas. It melts and boils at temperatures close to absolute zero. Because it remains a gas at very low temperatures, it can be used as a purging gas for fuel tanks and fuel delivery systems that are filled with very cold liquids such as liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen. Because it is inert and has a low freezing temperature, it can displace these fuels safely without freezing. Large amounts of helium are used by NASA and the Department of Defense for purging rocket propulsion systems.
Controlled Atmosphere Manufacturing
Helium is an inert gas. The only gas with a lower reactivity is neon. This low reactivity makes helium a valuable gas to use in manufacturing and repair processes when an inert atmosphere is required. Helium also has the second-lowest density of any gas along with a very high thermal conductivity. These properties of helium gas make it the atmosphere of choice for many metallurgical processes, growing perfect crystals in chemical vapors, manufacturing optical fibers and other uses.
Helium has a very low viscosity, a high diffusion coefficient, and the smallest atom of any element. These characteristics make helium very hard to contain. If a system has a leak, helium will escape. Helium gas is therefore used to test high vacuum systems, fuel systems and other containments for leaks.
Breathing Mixtures
Helium and other inert gases are used to prepare breathing mixtures for deep-water diving and medical treatments. Helium is used here because it is inert, has a very low viscosity and is easier to breathe under pressure than any other gas.
Helium is used as a protective atmosphere when welding. An inert gas atmosphere protects hot metals from oxidation and other reactions that might occur rapidly at high temperatures.
Uses of helium: Relative amounts of helium consumed by various uses in the United States during 2011. Graph by Geology.com using data from USGS.
Helium: A Nonrenewable Resource
Helium is a gas that is only found where a coincidence of unlikely situations occur. Although it is continually being produced by radioactive mineral decay in Earth's crust, its rate of natural production and accumulation is so slow that it must be considered a nonrenewable resource.
Helium Information
[1] Helium in New Mexico: Ronald F. Broadhead, New Mexico Geology, New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, November 2005.
[2] Helium 2010: Joseph B. Peterson and Peter J. Madrid, Minerals Yearbook, United States Geological Survey, January 2012.
[3] Helium 2012: Peter J. Madrid, Mineral Commodity Summaries, United States Geological Survey, January 2012.
[4] Selling the Nation's Helium Reserve: Committee on Understanding the Impact of Selling the Helium Reserve, National Research Council, The National Academies Press, 2010.
[5] Testimony on the Helium Stewardship Act of 2013: Testimony before the House of Representatives Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources, United States Government Accountability Office, GAO-15-734T, July 8, 2015.
[6] Fast-Rising Helium Prices May Pop Balloon Sales: Rachel Rodgers and Sharon Barricklow, an article in the Decatur Herald-Review, February 2015.
Helium Gluts and Helium Shortages
In 1925 the United States established the National Helium Reserve to serve as a strategic supply of helium for use in airships and for other defense purposes. At that time the country was producing much more helium than was being consumed. After World War II the amount of helium used as a lifting gas declined, but demand for helium as a purging gas when refueling rocket engines and as a coolant in nuclear weapons facilities surged. Still, more helium was being produced than consumed.
In 1995, Congress decided that the National Helium Reserve was not essential and initiated a program to sell the helium as part of the Helium Privatization Act of 1996. [4] For almost two decades Congress allowed the helium to be sold at an enormous discount to free-market prices. Up to 1/2 of the world's helium demand was being met through sales from the National Helium Reserve. In some years more helium was exported out of the United States to other countries than was consumed domestically. [2] Those who purchased helium from the government got a fantastic deal, and those who purchased helium in the free market paid a much higher price.
Dumping of National Helium Reserve stock into the market depressed the price of helium so much that it was being used as a cheap substitute for argon and other gases that have a much less limited supply.
Because commercial helium production was not rewarded or heavily utilized, the market was undersupplied when National Helium Reserve sales were replaced by an auction system in 2014. In the first auction, two bidders purchased the entire yearly allocation of 93 million cubic feet of helium at more than double the previous year's market price. After the auction another 1 billion cubic feet was sold to the same two bidders. [5]
Since the first auction, the price of helium continued to rise because production of new helium falls short of consumption. The price increase has triggered investment in new helium processing plants. However, helium can only be produced from natural gas fields with salt or anhydrate as a trap rock. These only occur in a few parts of the world.
Under current law, the National Helium Reserve will be sold-out by 2021. Hopefully the rising investment in helium recovery plants will be adequate to meet the needs of helium consumers when that important source of helium is gone.
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Yesterday I got the telescopes out for a Sunlab. The lab was scheduled from 11:30 AM to 12:30. It was cloudy right up to a bit after 11 and then it turned partly cloudy.
It was EXTREMELY windy ~ wind blowing from the NW about 24 mph made the actual temperature, 43 F, feel like 33 F! I was sort of wondering how the mount for my 6" Celestron Advanced VX would handle that nearly gale force wind ~ lol As Scotty would say "Aye, Capt'n! She handled beautifully." Hah!
The other large scope is the school's 8" Celstron reflector.


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It happens to the very best of homeowners right now. Life obtains busy and stuff will start to pile up. Before you know it, your small storage areas have been adopted by the remnants of cast-off items. So stop making explanations about the mess in your life and begin making a change with one easy phone call to your hometown crap hauling services. Ideal for cleaning out single-family garages or basements, today's residential-sized dumpsters are the reply to all of your household garbage and trash removal wants, including: Once you purchase the products to get your renovating started on your Victorian home, continue to throw away each of the boxes, plastic-type wrap, space-age foam, etc., in the dumpster you have hired to remodel your Victorian home.
Any kind of indoor renovating can add way up to a lot of garbage. Once you remodel parts of your kitchen you'll have quite a substantial load regarding junk. Exchanging cabinets using fresh up to date cabinets is a large endeavor. Replacing each of the molding in your own home is a big job and you will need a ton of area in a dumpster to put it all absent. Wood entrance doors or any other sort of doors can be thrown away in the small, channel or substantial dumpster as well.
Ever before watch the telly show Cleanse Sweep and wish that washing your home construction project may be so easy? Renting a dumpster for just a remodeling tasks and for eliminating construction resources is the reply. Removing dust is going to be considerably bigger than an individual thought. Renting a personal dumpster is a brilliant way to haul absent those thrown away materials away your property. Even better the professionals are making the entire rental process incredibly easy and they present low rates that enable cleanup to become affordable and simple.
Inevitably with remodeling projects, the bottom line is a final goal along with making sure the idea stays inside the black is definitely of main importance. So, just how can you cutback with no weakening a final project? Below are great tips on how it is possible to cut costs with no cutting quality.
While benefit is definitely a benefit, there are a couple of more important rewards to using a 10 Yard Dumpster For Rent in Swiss, WV program. First, the whole process of waste discretion often is definitely regulated. Particular sorts of waste will need to be thrown away in very specific techniques. By using a dumpster program, this gets to be much less of an concern with the business or even home owner required. In addition to of which, renting or perhaps buying a pickup is often required for those who try to get rid of their particular garbage. This is not only an extra cost, although takes time and also to do.
The corporation you work with needs to be friendly along with helpful. The corporation can help you choose which size dumpster to rent. You should be offered a smaller, medium or even large dumpster to rent. You will not want to overpay utilizing a large dumpster once you only necessary a small or even medium dumpster. Should you have massive amounts of items in all your outer complexes and barns, you will need more than one dumpster. The larger dumpster will hold a number of tons or even ten vehicle loads of garbage and/or trash.
A dumpster are a wide container, and that is mostly derived from steel or even plastic. These are used for your temporary storage space of chaos and it works well for disposing the trash generated at your house renovation or even construction undertaking hassle free.
If you are not going to recycle the baseboards in your home when you are during remodeling, it is possible to throw all of them into the dumpster also.
The first thing that you have to do is examine your individual needs. Sometimes, massive businesses will require extremely large dumpsters that are able to be rolled away by a pickup. When the pickup rolls these kinds of large dumpsters apart, it actually leaves a new one which is completely bare and ready with the businesses' refuse.
Incidentally: if you haven't tried on the extender in more than a year, it's rubbish and you don't need it that you experienced.
First, select the correct dimension dumpster. The most common shapes include the 10 property container, 30 yard container or Thirty yard bins. A 10 property container is needed for most property remodeling projects and doesn't occupy too much room in your yard. The 20 property container is needed for modest residential or commercial projects. A Thirty yard container is for moderate to large projects. Make sure that you select the correct dimension for your undertaking. Even though you could save money by renting the smaller dumpster, you will pay once you have to schedule multiple pick-ups to haul the trash away. To stay safe, you should never excess your dumpster because it can be very hazardous for the driver hauling apart your rubbish if it's bombarded.
Landscaping or even Yard Throw away: Spring or even fall property clean-up activities can easily generate a massive amount waste. Intended for convenient discretion, use a dumpster to get rid of debris through pruning, cutting, mowing, shrub removal, stone and brick projects, grass, tree stumps, and so forth. Debris is more effectively included inside the dumpster along with removed before the wind can transport it back to your current yard.


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Three facilities management (FM) standards were revealed by the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) late last year.
Due to be published in the coming months, the new ISO 41000 standard paves the way for a framework that will better define FM, its functions, and its positive impact on both emerging and developed markets worldwide.
The Middle East Facility Management Association (MEFMA) has now encouraged the regional FM sector to get FM ISO certified.
The process began back in 2012, when Stan Mitchell was appointed as the chairman of the Technical Committee (TC) 267 Facilities Management — the committee that was responsible for writing the standard.
Mitchell says there is provision to create 30 standards within the family of ISO 41000. "It's about establishing framework, criteria and measurement for any type of organisation in creating a facilities management regime against which it can be benchmarked," he told the British Institute of Facilities Management.
The FM sector as we know it has not been around for as long as some of the more established sectors, such as mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) or hospitality. As a result, the new ISO standard for the sector has been welcomed by operators with open arms.
Regional FM veteran Bill Heath said at a panel discussion in 2017: "Most engineers and professionals wound up in FM by chance, and the transition was taking place in the late 1980s. Then, the traditional operation and maintenance function spun off into an industry [of its own]." He believes that a professional standard will serve the sector well.
There are currently three standards (see box out on page 23), and Imdaad group CEO Jamal Abdulla Lootah sheds light on their implications for the regional FM sector.
"The management system standard, ISO 41001, targeted for publication in 2018, is expected to raise awareness about the FM field, provide support to the industry, and implement and maintain effective FM procedures across all global sectors," says Lootah, who also serves as president of MEFMA.
Lootah believes FM is one of the world's fastest-growing professional disciplines, but that has suffered from a general lack of understanding and awareness of its importance. "[This] is unfortunate, and something that will get rectified through the implementation of ISO standards," he says.
There are several accreditations and certifications that FM operators can acquire in order to maintain the highest levels of service. The British Institute of Cleaning Science (BICSc) training is tailored towards soft services, whereas the National Inspection Council for Electrical Installation Contracting (NICEIC) standard is a British-based, globally accepted benchmark for power-based operations. There are also several other accreditations that are applicable to the FM field. Managing director at Emrill Facilities Management Alex Davies sheds light on how the ISO standard will tie all of these together.
He says: "NICEIC and BICSc [certifications] have an important role in ensuring that individual trades and technical roles within FM are carried out with high levels of competence. But the coordination and integration of these functions is about much more. According to the new standard 41011:2017 Facilities Management Vocabulary, FM is described as an 'organisational function which integrates, people, place and process within the built environment with the purpose of improving the quality of life of people and productivity of the core business'. I think this captures the [overarching] nature of FM and the impact that good FM can have on each of our daily lives," Davies says.
Imdaad's Lootah says the regional FM community will greatly benefit from adopting the globally accepted standards. "A number of enterprises – including those based in the Middle East – are now working towards complying with the set standards, but admittedly, much still needs to be done to further highlight the importance of FM in today's modern set-up.
Being ISO certified will be beneficial to FM operators if it helps them to win new contracts or retain existing ones, and operators say it is not going to be just another certificate that forms part of a checklist. "I believe that, over time, [the FM ISO standards] will become standard industry practice [...]. Initially, I am not sure what value the clients will place on the standards, but it will be incumbent on FM service providers to prove to the customers the value of these standards," Davies says.
"It will be equally interesting to see how demand organisations choose to apply another set of ISO standards, the 'ISO 41012 – Facilities Management – Guidance on Strategic Sourcing and the Development of Agreements'. Combined with changes from both sides, these standards have the ability to truly transform industry practices within the facilities management sector," he adds.
One UAE-based asset management firm, speaking anonymously, states that FM companies that are ISO certified will be in a favourable position to win new contracts, but that factors such as an increase in service fees would be something to watch out for. At this stage, it is not clear what fees FM companies might incur in order to achieve ISO 41000 certification. And, of course, any increase in costs to operators would likely be passed on to clients.
To date, ISO 9000 – which is now a family of quality management standards – has been the most popular accreditation within the FM field globally. There are currently more than one million companies and organisations in 170-plus countries that are ISO 9001 certified. While it may take time for the new ISO 41000 standard to attain the same level of acceptance as more established standards such as ISO 9000, or the ISO 14000 series on environment management, the new standard will set the precedent for a sector that is expected to be worth more than $50bn in the GCC by 2022.


Every year the Guns & Hoses Foundation of North Texas a 501(c)(3), holds their annual boxing tournament between police officers and firefighters to raise funds for the families of fallen first responders. This year, a special project was debuted paying tribute to those who went before.
This particular year holds unique significance, being the 15th anniversary of the 9/11 attacks, and the year we witnessed an attack on our law enforcement here in our backyard of Dallas, Texas.
On 9/11 our Nation was under attack, on 7/7 our city was under attach. Everyday brave men and women continue to put their lives on the line to ensure our safety. To us, these people are heroes who deserve to be honored. Where the blue line ends, the red line begins.
For Those Who Went Before.
Song: Dave Bray - "Last Call"


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What Is a Seed Crystal?
Home Science Chemistry
A single crystal placed in a specific solution to grow a larger crystal is known as a seed crystal, explains About.com. To grow a seed crystal, the chemical to be crystallized is needed, as well as water, a shallow dish, a heat source and nylon line.
When making the solution, it is important to know the solubility at specific temperatures of the chemical being used in order to estimate how much of the chemical is required. Solubility information also offers information about what to expect during cooling of the solution. If a substance is more soluble at a higher temperature than at a lower temperature, crystals grow as the solution is cooled. An example of such a crystal is a sugar crystal. On the other hand, if the solubility of the solution does not change much with temperature change, the crystals form during evaporation of the solution. A salt crystal is an example of this type of crystal. In these two examples, in one instance, the solution is cooled to grow the larger crystal and in the other instance the solution is kept warm to speed up evaporation, which is why knowing the solubility is so important when growing crystals.
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Homechevron_rightWorldchevron_rightJohnson to visit...
Johnson to visit Scotland amid disagreement on Brexit
London: UK's new Prime Minister Boris Johnson will make his first official visit to Scotland on Monday amid opposition to his insistence on pulling the country out of the European Union (EU) even without a deal.
Scottish First Minister Nicola Sturgeon said last week that Scotland, which voted to remain in the EU in the 2016 referendum, needed an "alternative option" to Johnson's Brexit strategy, local media reported.
Scottish Conservative leader Ruth Davidson also refused to back a no-deal Brexit.
In his first speech as Prime Minister on July 24, Johnson pledged to bring Britain out of the EU by October 31, saying "no ifs, no buts". He warned that there would be a hard Brexit if the EU refused to renegotiate the withdrawal agreement.
Johnson will also announce a 300-million-pound investment to drive economic growth in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
Web Title - Johnson to visit Scotland amid disagreement on Brexit


This holiday season, Kitchen PLAY is teaming up with GO Veggie! Dairy Free, Vegan Cream Cheese and ten talented bloggers to bring you delicious dairy free recipes that will help you "Spread the Holiday Cheer" this season. GO Veggie! Cream Cheese is dairy-free and vegan, making it a great option for those with dairy allergies, intolerance or those who follow a vegan diet. This means anyone at your holiday party can enjoy their favorite cheesy dips and dishes without worrying about lactose and dairy. Check out the delicious recipes below created with GO Veggie! Dairy Free, Vegan Cream Cheese.
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Tag: attributes
Are the Aayahs About Allaah's Attributes Regarded as Being from the Precise or Unspecific Aayahs [Muhkamaat and Mutashaabihaat]?
Questioner: A questioner is asking whether the aayahs and hadiths that talk about Allaah's Attributes are from the precise [muhkamaat] aayahs or hadiths] or the unspecific ones [mutashaabihaat, cf: Surah Aali-Imraan 3:7] … as the Shaikh of Islaam Ibn Taymiyyah said …
Al-Albaani: From one angle, namely in that which is connected to the exact nature [i.e., the 'how?'] of those Attributes, they are from the unspecific aayahs [al-mutashaabihaat, but] from the other angle they are not [regarded as being from the unspecific ones but rather are from the precise [muhkamaat] aayahs] in that they have a clear meaning.
As we just said now that the saying of the Salaf, 'Pass them on/relay them as they have come,' i.e., as they are understood in the Arabic language and we mentioned the example of [Imaam] Maalik about that previously too. So in this sense they are not from the unspecific [aayahs], i.e., in that they have a [linguistic] meaning well-known in the Arabic language.
But as regards the exact nature [of those Attributes they talk about] then they are regarded as being from the unspecific aayahs [mutashaabihaat], because it is not possible for us to know the exact nature [i.e., the 'how?'] of Allaah's Dhaat, and following on from that it is not possible for us to know the exact nature of Allaah, the Mighty and Majestic's, Attributes either.
For this reason some of the Imaams of Hadith, like Abu Bakr al-Khateeb [al-Baghdaadi], author of the well-known [encyclopaedia], 'The History of Baghdaad,' [said that] the same is said concerning the Attributes as is said concerning [Allaah's] Esssence/Dhaat, both in negating and affirming, that which is said concerning the Esssence/Dhaat is said concerning the Attributes.
So just as we affirm [Allaah's] Essence/Dhaat [i.e., His very existence] and we do not deny it–for such a denial is total and utter rejection [of Allaah]–then we say the same about [Allaah's] Attributes: we affirm them and do not negate them, but just as we do not ask exactly 'how?' His Essence/Dhaat is [but still affirm it], then in the same way we do not ask 'how?' His Attributes are [but still affirm them].
This is the answer to the question.
789 | Fatwaawaa Imaraat, 2.
The video:
Are Allaah's Attributes Limited?
Questioner: Noble father, may Allaah protect you, the Prophet of Allaah صلى الله عليه وسلم said in a hadith reported by Muslim, "His veil is light; if He were to uncover it, the splendour from His Face would annihilate the creation as far as His vision extends." [Muslim] My question is whether this means that His Sight سبحانه وتعالى has a limit?
Al-Albani: … the creation as far as His vision extends, i.e., it is the creation that has a limit. As for His Sight, the Most High, and all of His Attributes, none of them have a confined limit.
It is, rather, the creation that is limited. This is what is meant by the hadith. The limitation has no connection to the Attributes but to the creation only.
Rihlatun-Noor, 29.
A Discussion Concerning the Difference of the Companions in Creed [Aqidah] | 2
Continuing from the first post.
Shaikh al-Albaani continues, "And a group called the mufowwidah can be found which is between these two.
They [incorrectly] do not believe or accept the apparent meaning of the proofs from the Book and the Sunnah which are connected to the Attributes [of Allaah] while declaring Him free of any likeness to His creation and not ascribing the qualities of the creation to Him [tanzeeh]. They do not perform ta'weel as the Khalaf do about whom we spoke earlier and who are the ones who say, 'Indeed the madhhab of the Salaf is safer, but the madhhab of the Khalaf has more knowledge and is more precise.'
So the disagreement [with these groups] is not in the [subsidiary] parts, it is not possible to escape that, but rather in the foundational principle.
What is the rule that the Salaf go by?
It is to have that faith in everything reported from Allaah and His Messenger which includes believing in the apparent, clear, linguistic meanings [of the words reported] in the texts while declaring Him free of any likeness to His creation and not ascribing the qualities of the creation to Him [tanzeeh], as occurs in the Most High's Saying–and this is a proof which is often used, "There is nothing like Him. And He is the All-Hearer, the All-Seer." [Shooraa 42:12]
So in this sentence our Lord the Mighty and Majestic firstly mentioned, "There is nothing like Him …" declaring Himself free from having any likeness to His creation and then He followed this negation of likeness with an affirmation, which is His Saying, "… And He is the All-Hearer, the All-Seer."
So now, when we want to tread upon the path of the Salaf, [we find that] they did not differ whatsoever in understanding [the meaning] of "… the All-Hearer, the All-Seer." For the belief they held was that the attribute of Hearing is not like that of Seeing and that [in addition to this] both of the attributes are just like the rest of the Divine Attributes: we affirm them as they have been reported while differentiating between each one and while declaring Allaah, the Blessed and Most High, to be free of any likeness to anything from His creation [tanzeeh].
What is the stance of the Mu'tazilah, the ones who negate the Attributes? They take the first part of the aayah, "There is nothing like Him …" [believing in it] declaring Allaah to be free of any likeness to His creation and not ascribing the qualities of the creation to Him [tanzeeh]–but they went to extremes in this tanzeeh and they [ended up] negating the meaning. So they said the meaning of, "… And He is the All-Hearer, the All-Seer," is 'The All-Knowledgeable.'
Thus they negated these two Attributes, because humans can hear and see and so they thought [that by affirming this it would mean that] they were the same [as Allaah]. And they thought that by fleeing from affirming these two Attributes they were performing tanzeeh without ta'teel [negation of the Attribute], but they didn't notice that the thing which they thought they were fleeing from is what they fell into …
So there is, as the Shaikh of Islaam Ibn Taymiyyah, may Allaah have mercy on him, said, an association in the wording but no such real association [between Allaah and the creation] in the meaning.
The Attributes of Hearing and Seeing and the Eye, are three Attributes which our Lord, the Blessed and Most High, has been described with in the Quraan just like [He has been described with] the other Attributes mentioned in the Quraan.
But that does not mean that a person's hearing, seeing and knowledge is like the Hearing, Seeing and Knowledge of Allaah.
For this reason, when the Mu'tazilah fled to this incorrect interpretation of the Hearing, Seeing and Knowledge [of Allaah], it is said to them that they negated two true and real Attributes from the Attributes of Allaah, the Blessed and Most High."
Shaikh Al-Albaani on Shaikh Rabee's Book on Sayyid Qutb's Mistakes
Al-Albaani Recommending Mahmood Khaleel al-Husari's Recitation