text:
Q: C#: Reading Huge CSV File I'm parsing a 40MB CSV file.
It works nicely right now, and it's rather easy to parse, the only problem I have is performance, which of course is rather slow.
I'd like to know if there is a way I can improve this, as I only need to find by key I find and then stop looping, so if the entry is at the beginning of the file it finishes quickly, but if it's at the end it takes a while.
I could balance this by giving it a random start line, but the algorithm would still be O(n)... So I'm not sure if it's really worth it.
Is there a way I can improve my sequential parsing algorithm?

A: First: "Reading Huge CSV File" and "So I'm parsing a 40MB CSV file.". Ihave space delimited files here of 10+ GIGAbyte - what would you call those?
Also: the size of the file is irrelevant, you process them normally anyway line by line.

the only problem I have is performance, which of course is rather slow

Define. What do you think is slow? Parsing them is quite fast when done properly.

I'd like to know if there is a way I can improve this, as I only need to find by key I find and
  then stop looping, so if the entry is at the beggining of the file it
  finishes quickly, but if it's at the end it takes a while.

Do NOT use a CSV file? More than 60 years ago people invented databases for this.

Is there a way I can improve my secuential parsing algorithm?

YOu mean except pulling the parsing into a separate thread, and using an efficient code (which you may not have - noone knows).
Theoretically you could:

*

*Read on one thread, with a decent buffer (less IO = faster)

*Move field split into thread 2 (optional)

*Use tasks to parse the fields (one per field per line) so you use all processors).
I am currently processing some (around 10.000) files (with sizes in double digit gigabte sadly) and... I go this way (Have to process them in a specific order) to use my computer fully.
That should give you a lot - and seriously, a 40mb file should load in 0.x seconds (0.5 - 0.6).
STILL that is very inefficient. Any reason you do not load the file into a database like all people do? CSV is good as some transport format, it sucks as a database.

A: Why don't you convert your csv to a normal database. Even sqlexpress will be fine.

A: Of course.
Say you order it alphabetically.
Then, start in the middle.
Each iteration, move to the middle of the top or bottom; whichever has the appropriate key.
This algorithm has O(log n).
This is called a "binary search," and is what "Mike Christianson" suggests in his comment.

A: Will suggest you to break one 40Mb File into smaller size few files.
And using  Parallel.ForEach you could improve file processing performace

A: You can load the CSV into DataTable and use available operations that could be faster than looping through
Loading it to database and perform your operation on that is another option

A: This, I believe, is the fastest way to read a CSV file sequentially.  There may be other ways to extract data from CSV, but if you limited to this approach, then this solution might work for you.
const int BUFFER_SIZE = 0x8000;  //represents 32768 bytes
public unsafe void parseCSV(string filePath)
{
     byte[] buffer = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
     int workingSize = 0; //store how many bytes left in buffer
     int bufferSize = 0; //how many bytes were read by the file stream
     StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
     char cByte; //character representation of byte
     using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read))
     {
         do
         {
              bufferSize = fs.Read(buffer, 0, BUFFER_SIZE);
              workingSize = bufferSize;
              fixed (byte* bufferPtr = buffer)
              {
                   byte* workingBufferPtr = bufferptr;
                   while (workingSize-- > 0)
                   {
                        switch (cByte = (char)*workingBufferPtr++)
                        {
                            case '\n':
                                break;
                            case '\r':
                            case ',':
                                builder.ToString();
                                builder.Clear();
                                break;
                            default:
                                builder.Append(cByte);
                                break;
                        }
                   }
              }
         } while (bufferSize != 0);
     }
}

Explanation:

*

*Reading the file into a byte buffer.  This will be done using the basic Filestream class, which gives access to the always fast Read()

*Unsafe code.  While I generally recommend not using unsafe code, when traversing any kind of buffer, using pointers can bring a speedup.

*StringBuilder since we will be concatenating bytes into workable strings to test againt the key.  StringBuilder is by far the fastest way to append bytes together and get a workable string out them.

Note that this method fairly complaint with RFC 4180, but if you deal with quotes, you can easily modify the code I posted to handle trimming.

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text:
January 28, 1944 (evening)– March 11, 1944
by: Anne Frank
June 12, 1942–June 24, 1942
July 1, 1942–July 10, 1942
July 11, 1942–October 9, 1942
October 14, 1942–November 20, 1942
November 28, 1942–June 13, 1943
June 15, 1943–November 11, 1943
November 17, 1943–January 28, 1944
March 14, 1944–April 11, 1944
April 14, 1944–August 1, 1944
Edith Frank
January 28, 1944 (evening)–March 11, 1944
Margot Frank
Mr. van Daan
Anne writes that she is growing more bored in the annex and tires of listening to the same stories over and over again. The adults constantly repeat the stories they have heard from Mr. Kleiman, Jan, and Miep, which are mainly stories about other Jews who are in hiding. Anne is very impressed by the Dutch people who are helping Jews hide, since they are risking their own lives in an attempt to save others. She goes downstairs one night and feels that she cannot count on anyone else to support her. However, Anne's fears vanish as she looks up into the sky and puts her faith in God. She has an intense desire to be alone, but she worries that someday she will be more alone than she would like.
Anne's personal life has changed considerably since the weekend, when she noticed Peter looking at her "not in the usual way." The next day, Peter confides that he is often too nervous to speak to people and that he used to beat up people instead of talking to them. Anne is happy to learn that Peter is also temperamental. On Margot's birthday, Anne and Peter talk again, and Peter says he is sure Britain will go to war against Russia. Peter also adds that he is sorry he was born a Jew. Anne is disappointed to find out that although Peter does not want to be Christian, he wants to make sure no one knows he is Jewish after the war. He says that the Jews are the chosen people, and Anne exclaims, "Just this once, I hope they'll be chosen for something good!"
Anne starts to enjoy going upstairs to see Peter, and she says her life is much better now that she has something to look forward to. However, she adds that she is not in love. All the same, Anne's mother does not like the idea of her going upstairs. A few days later, Anne writes that she thinks about Peter all the time and that Peter van Daan and Peter Schiff have melted into one Peter. Anne's newfound happiness is briefly shaken after another, more serious break-in at the office. It seems that the burglar has a duplicate key.
Anne writes about love, saying that emotional love eventually leads to physical love, and that she considers this a natural progression and does not worry about losing her "virtue." She imagines that her grandmother is watching over and protecting her. Mrs. van Daan teases Anne about Peter. In a particularly self-reflective entry, Anne thinks back on her life before coming to the annex. She says that her life was heavenly but that she was superficial and very different back then. Anne remarks that her carefree days as a schoolgirl are gone forever, but she does not miss them.
Anne also looks back over her time in the annex and distinguishes different periods in her growing maturity. In 1942, she said that the transition from a life "filled with sunshine" to one of quarrels and accusations made her stubborn and insolent. In 1943 she was sad, lonely and self-critical but then became a teenager and was treated more like a grown-up. She gained a deeper insight into her family and the other members of the annex, and she began to feel more emotionally independent. Now, in 1944, she has begun to discover her longing "not for a girlfriend, but for a boyfriend," and she has noticed a new depth to her emotions and sense of self. Anne also sadly notes that the police have arrested Mr. M., a man who had provided her family with food. The residents are scared anew when they hear a knock on the wall next door during dinner.
By this point in her diary, Anne has gained a fuller sense of self and a clearer view of her relationships with the people in the annex. She starts signing her diary "Anne M. Frank" instead of simply "Anne," a sign that she perceives her own coming of age. Anne has matured significantly during her time in the annex, particularly because her family's time in hiding coincided with Anne's puberty. In this confined world, Anne has also developed her relationships with her family, because the close quarters have forced her to understand her parents and sister on a deeper level.
November 17, 1943–January 28, 1944 Next
Anne Frank: Character Analysis

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Downstairs in room across from Fellowship Hall.
Open to men and women of all ages.
We alternate between verse by verse study of books of the Bible and DVD curriculum by various Christian authors and pastors like Lee Strobel, Chip Ingram, and Louie Giglio. Group discussion and participation is encouraged but not required. Most studies last from 6-12 weeks before a new one begins. Sunday School is a great way to dig into Scripture by learning through discussion, asking questions, and fellowship with others.


HOUSTON, TX (November 13, 2017) - Having experienced all levels of competitive golf, Courtney McKim, 27, is in a unique position to define the differences between college, professional and amateur life. There's a certain vibe that exists among middle-aged elite golfers – there's the ability to break bread together, correct even your opponent's swing on the driving range, and generally help each other toward a common goal.
"You're all rooting for each other," McKim said in summary.
McKim, who lives in Raleigh, N.C., is competing this week in her third U.S. Women's Mid-Amateur. She took the No. 17 seed on the match-play bracket, and ran into women's golf stalwart Laura Coble on Monday. McKim was able to outlast Coble at Champions Golf Club, taking advantage of Coble's rare mistakes late in to the round to win the match in 19 holes.
If Coble's an expert at this life – this is her 30th USGA championship and she was runner-up here eight years ago – then McKim is quickly figuring it out. There's a kind of art to balancing your golf game and your day job, and that's one of the unique challenges of mid-amateur golf. McKim says players sometimes pick each other's brains about the best way to go about that multi-tasking.
McKim has been in the real world since graduating from the University of Alabama in 2014 and starting work for a London-based company called Convatec. McKim works remotely, doing the company's real estate and purchasing work. Most co-workers don't realize that when she takes vacation, it's to play golf.
In the rare event that someone does figure out McKim's deep background in the game, the first question is usually to see her national championship ring. McKim was on the Alabama squad that won the NCAA Women's National Championship in 2012 – a first (and so far only) title for that program.
An NCAA national championship is a universal language, though, and McKim is learning that. She still remembers standing on the final green at Vanderbilt Legends Club in Franklin, Tenn., and listening to her mom explain how this moment would change her life.
"You don't realize what this will do for you, and the social circle that it will bring you into," Beverly McKim told her daughter.
Five years later, Courtney says she was exactly right.
After graduating, McKim had a hard decision to make. She watched many of those Alabama teammates – and other college-golf acquaintances – turn pro and navigate LPGA Q-School, the Symetra Tour and beyond. McKim, meanwhile, began working for Convatec three months after graduating. She had to figure out what golf would mean to her in the next stage of life. There was a period of figuring out how much practice it took to maintain her game (something she's still experimenting with) and how to enjoy the experience.
"You find your love for the game again," she said.
This week, McKim may still be on a high from her summer golf "vacation." When McKim took days off in August, it was to go to California for a week of qualifying. She played the qualifier for this week's event first, then three days later teed it up in the first stage of LPGA Qualifying School at Mission Hills Country Club in Rancho Mirage, Calif. She advanced through that stage by one shot, but didn't get through the second stage in Florida last month.
The decision to play Q-School had been marinating for years. With the format of LPGA qualifying expected to change in coming years, McKim figured her chance to test her mettle was running out. She didn't want to find herself with regret later in life.
"I wanted to go because I didn't want to look back in 10 years and think, 'What if I had gone? Could I have gone? Do I have what it takes?'" she explained.
Ultimately, McKim knows she's exactly where she belongs. She loves the mid-amateur circuit, and she has the game for it.
She's a face we'll be seeing for awhile.


Treatment strategies for T3 laryngeal carcinoma include radiotherapy (RT) with or without chemotherapy (CT) and sometimes surgery. We conducted a national survey to determine how T3 laryngeal carcinoma is currently being managed in the Netherlands.
A questionnaire on general treatment policy, also inquiring details on RT and CT, was sent to all 13 radiotherapy departments accredited for treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC) in the Netherlands.
Twelve centers completed the questionnaire. All centers reported using RT with or without CT. Upfront laryngectomy is rarely performed.
At 9/12 centers, CT is added to RT in cases with large tumors in T3N0 disease. Three centers use a volume criterion (3–6 cc); 6 centers don't specify "large" with such criteria. CT consists of cisplatin 3-weekly (7 centers) or weekly (2 centers), unless contra-indicated or age; 6 centers use an age limit of 70 years. RT is given concomitantly with CT 5×/week except at the 2 centers where cisplatin weekly is combined with 6 fractions/week. In case of RT only, treatment is accelerated. Lymph node levels II-IV are treated electively.
In T3N+ disease, 11/12 centers treat non-bulky T3N1 with RT only. Volume criteria for combined CT-RT are the same as above. Two centers perform an upfront neck dissection in case of (resectable) N3 disease; 10 centers treat T3N2-3 cancer with primary CT-RT, 2 centers don't use the N-stage criterion.
Total RT dose is 68–70 Gy, the elective dose varies between 46 and 57.75 Gy. Eight centers use a simultaneous integrated boost technique.
Treatment of T3 laryngeal cancer in the Netherlands is generally comparable, with CT-RT for voluminous T3N0 and most T3N+ tumors, but there are some differences between the centers in the use of chemotherapy and the dose-fractionation schemes. Therefore, the aim of the National Platform RT HNC is further standardization of RT dose, fractionation and delivery techniques.
Laryngeal cancer is relatively rare, with an estimated incidence of 12,630 new cases in 2014 out of a total number of 1,665,540 new cancer cases in the United States . In the Netherlands, the yearly incidence of laryngeal carcinoma is approximately 700 patients out of a total of around 100,000 new cases of cancer [http://www.cijfersoverkanker.nl/selecties/Incidentie_long_en_luchtpijpkanker/img556836474c735].
Almost all laryngeal malignancies occur in the glottis (2/3) and supraglottis (1/3), with subglottic tumors accounting for only 2 % . More than 80 % of glottic tumors are diagnosed at an early stage, whereas in supraglottic cancer this is around 30 % . These tumors are treated with single modality therapy, i.e. RT or transoral (laser) surgery, with 5-year survival rates above 85 % for stage I and around 75 % for stage II [4, 5].
In the 1990s, after the Veterans Affairs laryngeal preservation study showed comparable survival outcomes between total laryngectomy and induction CT followed by RT , treatment of stage III–IV locoregionally advanced laryngeal cancer shifted away from surgery towards primary organ preservation strategies. A large retrospective survey on treatment of T3 larynx cancer in the Netherlands demonstrated an inferior outcome with split course RT compared to definitive RT, upfront surgery or RT followed by surgery, leading to abandonment of the split course RT strategy . A decade later, RTOG 91–11 showed concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CT-RT) to be superior to induction CT followed by conventionally fractionated RT or conventionally fractionated RT alone for locoregional control (78 % versus 61 and 56 %, respectively at 2 years) in stage III–IV laryngeal cancer . Around the same time, studies with accelerated radiotherapy (AR) also reported local control rates of up to 80 % [9–12].
Early stage larynx cancer is treated with radiotherapy alone, whereas for T4 tumors total laryngectomy or chemoradiotherapy is the treatment of choice. In T3 laryngeal cancer however, guidelines are less clear. National comprehensive cancer network (NCCN) guidelines advocate CT-RT, single modality RT (in patients unfit for or refusing chemotherapy), laryngectomy (if organ preservation is deemed impossible) or induction CT followed by RT with or without concomitant CT (preferably within a trial) [NCCN guidelines 2–2014]. The 2010 Dutch guidelines recommend organ sparing treatment (if possible) by using concomitant CT-RT or accelerated RT; no volume threshold is stated [http://www.oncoline.nl/index.php?pagina=/richtlijn/item/pagina.php&richtlijn_id=666].
A uniform approach to the treatment of T3 laryngeal cancer would be desirable in order to achieve the best outcome in terms of tumor control and toxicity. However, the relatively low incidence, combined with the fact that (1) these patients are managed in multiple centers and (2) several treatment options are used in the current national guidelines could hamper this uniformity. We therefore conducted a survey to identify how T3 laryngeal carcinoma is currently being managed in the Netherlands. For more than 2.5 decades, treatment of HNC in the Netherlands has been centralized and restricted to the centers of the Dutch Head and Neck Oncology Cooperative Group (DHNOCG, Nederlandse Werkgroep Hoofd-Halstumoren) and their affiliated centers. A questionnaire was sent to the radiotherapy departments of the 8 centers that together make up the DHNOCG and the 5 preferred partner centers. These latter centers have committed themselves to use the same treatment protocols as the related DHNOCG center.
The centers of the DHNOCG and the preferred partners were invited to participate in the survey. In addition to asking about the general approach to treatment, we also collected detailed information about the practice of RT and CT-RT at the various centers.
The questions were emailed to the radiation oncologists of these 13 centers who also are the members of the National Platform RT HNC (Landelijk Platform Radiotherapie Hoofdhals Tumoren), an assembly of radiation oncologists representing the 8 DHNOCG centers and their affiliated centers.
How is a T3N0 laryngeal carcinoma treated at your center?
How is a T3N+ laryngeal carcinoma treated at your center?
Is there a difference in treatment between a supraglottic and glottic tumor?
Which elective lymph node levels are treated?
Does tumor volume play a role in your treatment selection?
Does nodal stage or volume play a role in your treatment selection?
What is your preferred choice of chemotherapy or biological therapy and do you have an upper age limit for these therapies?
An additional questionnaire was included with specific questions on the radiotherapy treatment; these questions are listed on Table 1.
Do you perform an MRI in a mask?
Is your diagnostic MRI matched with the planning CT for delineation?
Do you obtain a PET-CT in mask?
Is your diagnostic PET-CT matched with the planning CT for delineation?
What is your gross tumor volume (GTV)-clinical target volume (CTV) margin (boost volume)?
What is your GTV-CTV margin (elective volume)?
What is your planning target volume (PTV) margin (boost volume)?
What is your PTV margin (elective volume)?
What is your total boost dose?
What is the fraction size for the boost dose?
What is your total elective dose?
What is the fraction size for the elective dose?
Do you use a simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) or sequential boost (SEQ?
Do you use static intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) or volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT)?
What is your protocol for position verification and correction during treatment?
The results were collected in the spring of 2014, with an update and additional questions in December 2014 and a final update in May 2015.
All 8 DHNOCG centers and 4 preferred partners completed the questionnaire. The responses are summarized below.
All centers use primary RT, with or without concurrent CT. Five centers report the option of upfront total laryngectomy in exceptional cases (i.e. stridor or a non-functional larynx). At 9 centers the decision to combine RT with CT is based on tumor volume; 3 centers did not report a primary tumor volume criterion.
Except for "non-bulky" T3N1 laryngeal tumors, almost all T3N+ cancers at the centers are treated with concomitant chemoradiotherapy. Two centers do not use an N-stage criterion.
Two centers reported that patients presenting with a non-fixed N3 lymph node undergo an upfront neck dissection, followed by CTRT for the primary tumor and elective neck dissection. Two other centers recently abandoned the strategy of upfront neck dissection.
The final decision to give chemotherapy is almost always based on a combination of these factors.
Ten centers reported that their treatment regimen of choice is cisplatin 100 mg/m2 3 weekly and 2 centers reported 40 mg/m2 weekly. Once center uses cisplatin for T3N0, but carboplatin-5FU in case of T3N+ carcinoma. If patients are deemed unfit to tolerate the 3-week regimen, cisplatin 40 mg/m2 weekly (3 centers) or 6 mg/m2 daily (1 center) is given. In case of a contra-indication to cisplatin treatment (e.g. impaired renal function, vascular morbidity) or a World Health Organization (WHO) performance score >1, cetuximab is considered by 6 centers.
Above the age of 70 years, 3 centers reported that they usually combine radiotherapy with cetuximab when the patient is very fit. The other centers did not report combined therapy for this age group.
For both glottic and supraglottic tumors, all centers treat bilateral lymph node levels II–IV electively. For subglottic tumors or subglottic extension, level VI is included. In case of nodal involvement, level V is included. When level IVa is affected, level IVb is included. All centers use the consensus guidelines published by Gregoire et al. .
For T3N0 laryngeal cancer, 1 center uses CT scanning for diagnostic workup; at 11 centers a diagnostic MRI scan is made. This MRI scan is fused with the planning CT scan for contouring purposes. In 3 centers, the diagnostic MRI scan is made in treatment position (i.e. in the treatment mask): in 2 centers routinely, in 1 center only for selected cases. In 1 other center, a second MRI scan is performed in treatment position. In 2 centers, a PET-CT in treatment position is made for both diagnostic and contouring purposes.
For T3N+ laryngeal cancer, all centers use (diagnostic) MRI scans for contouring. Seven centers perform a PET-CT scan in treatment position, which is then used for both diagnostic and delineation purposes.
The margin from the GTV to the CTVboost is 5 mm (8 centers), 6 mm (1 center) or 10 mm (2 centers). One center reported a margin of 10 mm for the primary tumor and 5 mm for the involved lymph nodes. To construct an elective margin around the GTV, 5 mm (2 centers), 10 mm (8 centers) and 15 mm (2 centers) were reported. Margins from CTV to PTV are 3 mm (2 centers), 4 mm (2 centers) and 5 mm (8 centers). Some centers use an additional margin in cranio-caudal direction for laryngeal movement.
When RT alone is used, all 12 centers reported accelerated treatment. At 6 centers an upper age limit of 70 years for AR was reported. Ten centers use 6 fractions per week (i.e. DAHANCA scheme); 2 centers apply an 'accelerated scheme only' (ASO-scheme: weeks 1–2: 2 Gy/day on boost and elective volume, 5 days/week (total 20 Gy), week 3–5: 1.5 Gy on boost volume, 5×/week (morning) and 1.8 Gy on boost and elective volume, 5×/week (afternoon) (total 69.5 Gy on boost volume, 47 Gy on elective volume) . When combined with chemotherapy, 10 centers stated that radiotherapy is conventionally fractionated (i.e. 1 fraction/day), while 2 centers combine weekly cisplatin with 6 fractions/week (i.e. DAHANCA scheme).
All centers use a 2-level dose prescription (i.e. for PTVboost and PTVelective), without intermediate dose. Fractionation schemes are somewhat diverse (Table 2). Dose prescription is set to 95 % of the dose covering at least 95 % of the boost PTV at 2 centers, 98 % at 8 centers and 99 % at 2 centers, while keeping the volume receiving >107 % as small as possible.
Eight centers reported that they always use a pure simultaneous integrated boost (SIB); 6 of these centers have a single scheme, while the 2 remaining centers use 2 different schemes, depending on whether or not chemotherapy is added. The total boost dose varies between 68 and 70 Gy (2 Gy fraction dose); the total elective dose varies between 50.3 and 57.75 Gy with fraction doses varying between 1.48 and 1.65 Gy.
In case of radiotherapy only, 2 centers use the ASO scheme, which is a combination of a sequential and an integrated approach . When concomitant CT-RT is given, these centers use a SIB or sequential scheme. The 2 remaining centers mostly use a sequential scheme, with a fraction dose of 2 Gy and a total dose of 46 Gy to the PTVelective and 70 Gy to the PTVboost. Sometimes a SIB scheme is given, i.e. in cases of N+ disease near the parotid glands. The PTVboost then receives 70 Gy (2 Gy/fraction), the PTVelective 54.25 Gy (1.55 Gy/fraction).
Six centers use VMAT, the 6 other centers use static IMRT.
Three centers perform daily kilovoltage (kV) planar imaging with online corrections. Additional cone beam CTs (CBCTs) are used to monitor anatomical/soft tissue changes: at 1 center, weekly CBCT scans are made, 1 center makes CBCT scans in the first and fourth week (or weekly if volume changes are anticipated); the remaining center performs CBCT scans only in case of large clinical changes.
Seven centers use only CBCT scans (with offline review) for set-up. Five centers use a no action level (NAL) protocol with a scan made on days 1–3 and a control scan (after the resulting shift has been carried out) on day 4, and thereafter weekly CBCT scans (and correction and a new NAL series if necessary). One center performs 3 CBCT scans in the first week and weekly scans in the following weeks. One center uses daily CBCT set-up with an offline correction protocol.
Two centers use megavoltage (MV) planar imaging with a NAL correction protocol and perform CBCT scans on indication (i.e. when relevant anatomical changes are expected).
The results of this survey, investigating current practice in the Netherlands for T3 laryngeal cancer, show that the majority of centers take a rather similar general approach to T3N0 and T3N+ disease, but the details of the RT or CT-RT approaches differ. All centers use primary radiotherapy for the primary tumor, with or without concomitant chemotherapy/biological therapy, and with or without upfront neck dissection when deemed necessary. Upfront total laryngectomy is performed rarely.
In T3N0 cancer, 9/12 centers use volume criteria to choose between RT alone or concomitant CT-RT. Three centers specify a volume, 6 centers use "bulky" as a criterion and 3 centers don't use a primary tumor volume criterion. The impact of laryngeal tumor volume on tumor control after RT alone has been investigated in several studies [14, 15]. Cut-off values of 3.5 and 6 cc were reported for glottic and supraglottic cancer respectively [16, 17]. However, Van Bockel et al. also found significant associations with outcome using tumor volume as a continuous variable . In their analysis, tumor volume was a better predictor for disease free survival than T-stage, leading to their suggestion to incorporate tumor volume in T-staging, as it is done in oro- and hypopharyngeal cancer. This was not confirmed by Janssens et al.; in the large Dutch phase III ARCON trial, neither primary tumor volume, nor total nodal volume was a prognostic factor . Interestingly, the 3 centers that did not report a primary tumor volume criterion also took part in the ARCON trial. However, it is still not convincingly clear if cut-off volumes should be used, and if so, which ones.
The main justification for combining chemotherapy with radiotherapy is to increase local control, hopefully leading to a higher rate of larynx preservation. In the RTOG 91–11 study, at a follow up of 3.8 years, the larynx preservation rate was significantly higher in the concomitant CT-RT arm than the induction CT arm and RT alone arm (84 % versus 72 and 67 %) . A recent retrospective series by Al Mamgani et al. showed significantly improved local control (89.6 % versus 68 %) and laryngectomy-free survival (76.8 % versus 53.5 %) at 3 years in favor of CT-RT versus RT alone for T3 larynx cancer, with both groups receiving 6 fractions a week . Conversely, several groups have also reported favorable local control with altered fractionation radiotherapy alone, although these studies were not limited to (T3) larynx cancer. DAHANCA 6 and 7 had 70 % overall 5-year locoregional control with AR . Terhaard et al. reported a 3-year local control rate of 78 % for locally advanced laryngeal cancer treated with the ASO scheme . A phase II study combining AR with carbogen and nicotinamide (ARCON) in 215 HNC patients showed an actuarial 3-year local control rate of 80 % for T2-4 larynx cancer . A subsequent phase III trial in 345 patients resulted in a local tumor control rate at 5 years of 78 % for AR versus 79 % for ARCON, with larynx preservation rates of 84 and 87 %, respectively . Notably, in this large trial no differences in local control between T-stages were seen.
Because patients were enrolled in RTOG 91–11 between 1992 and 2000, staging was done according to the 4th and 5th edition of the American Joint Commission on Cancer. However, paraglottic space invasion and minor thyroid cartilage erosion were added to the staging system only in the 6th edition (2003–2009). At that time, some cases that are currently staged as T3 laryngeal carcinomas would have been classified as a T2 tumor and treated accordingly. The superiority of concomitant CT-RT treatment, as a conclusion of the RTOG 91–11 study, may therefore not apply to all T3 laryngeal carcinomas. This is reflected in the Dutch guidelines, suggesting either primary radiotherapy or CT-RT for T3 laryngeal carcinomas [http://www.oncoline.nl/index.php?pagina=/richtlijn/item/pagina.php&richtlijn_id=666].
In the present survey, for T3N+ laryngeal cancer, nodal stage is considered more important than primary tumor volume for the addition of chemotherapy. One center reported using CT-RT in all cases. With N2-3 disease, almost all centers combine RT with CT. This is consistent with Vergeer et al., who showed worse regional control in patients with a nodal volume of >14 cc treated with RT alone versus CT-RT . However, the 2 leading centers in the ARCON trial do not use a nodal volume criterion, which is in line with the results of their study .
In RTOG 91–11 there was no survival benefit from combined CT-RT. Also, a recent update failed to show an overall survival difference between any of the 3 treatment arms, although there was a trend for less distant metastases in the combined arms . This is probably attributable in part to the possibility of a successful salvage total laryngectomy in case of recurrent disease. Nevertheless, a sub-analysis of the MACH-NC database in laryngeal cancer patients from trials performed before 2000 showed a 4.5 % absolute survival benefit in favor of CT-RT versus RT alone .
The downside of combining CT with RT is increased toxicity. In RTOG 91–11, the rate of (acute and late) high-grade toxicity was 82 % for the concomitant CT-RT group versus 61 % for the radiotherapy alone group . In the recently published TREMPLIN trial, comparing CT-RT to cetuximab + RT after induction chemotherapy for larynx preservation, acute toxicity was substantial and dose limiting, with only 42 % of patients in the CT-RT arm receiving all 3 cycles of chemotherapy .
In this survey, the most important argument raised by the centers in favor of chemotherapy in less advanced cases is that the expected reduced risk of recurrent disease outweighs the toxicity of a combined treatment. Centers that are more reluctant to use chemotherapy (i.e. centers that took part in the ARCON study and their affiliated centers), argue that 5-year local control rates in this large study were high, also in the accelerated-only arm, and that neither tumor volume nor nodal volume was a prognostic factor [12, 18].
Considering the RT schemes, there are minor variations in total boost dose, varying between 68 and 70 Gy. The 2 centers in the present study that reported using 68 Gy were also the leading centers in the ARCON trial, in which the boost dose was set to 68 Gy (in the accelerated-only arm). The dose to the elective volume differs more, with a total dose between 50.3 and 57.75 Gy in the SIB schemes, a dose of 46 Gy in the sequential scheme, and a dose of 47.5 Gy in the ASO scheme. The reason for a higher dose in the SIB schemes is that the total treatment time of the elective PTV is prolonged from 4–5 weeks (in the sequential and ASO scheme) to 6–7 weeks. Although no reliable data are available on the effect of prolonging overall treatment time on control (or loss of control) in elective nodal regions, it is believed it should be compensated for. Since no robust data exist, the elective doses or fractions vary between the centers. Despite these differences, reported Dutch regional outcomes are good to excellent [10–12, 19].
Accurate and precise contouring of the tumor using MRI in treatment position could possibly lead to smaller CTV margins. All centers reported performing a diagnostic MRI for T3N+ larynx cancer, but this scan is made in treatment position at only 4 centers. Although not yet in practice at all centers, most centers in the Netherlands are working on MRI and PET-CT imaging in the treatment mask.
There are some differences in IGRT practice. Centers with Varian equipment (Palo Alto, Ca, USA) perform daily online kV imaging, combined with periodical CBCT imaging, while users of Elekta (Stockholm, Sweden) primarily do CBCT imaging with offline correction protocols. At all but 4 centers, both approaches are combined with PTV margins of no less than 5 mm, although Van Asselen et al. showed that the mean parotid dose increased with increasing margin by approximately 1.3 Gy per mm . Co-registration of MRI imaging in treatment position, combined with well considered set-up protocols, could possibly lead to smaller treatment volumes.
With the increased use of non-surgical treatment for larynx cancer, it is relevant to look at trends in survival. Chen et al. retrospectively reviewed more than 19,000 patients treated between 1996 and 2002 for advanced stage laryngeal cancer and found that treatment with a non-surgical procedure was associated with a higher risk of death. This risk was reduced when treatment was performed at a high-volume center, in which case survival was better compared to a low-volume center . A recent report based on 21 RTOG trials showed the same, with better overall survival in high-accruing centers . This indicates the need for centralization of treatment of low-incidence/high-impact cancer like T3 laryngeal carcinoma. In the Netherlands, this is well organized through the Dutch Head and Neck Oncology Cooperative Group, established 30 years ago to improve knowledge and cooperation, and to centralize treatment of head and neck cancer in the Netherlands. Nevertheless, despite centralization of treatment, some differences between the centers continue to exist in interpreting and implementing the guidelines and the available literature, which is sometimes conflicting. Therefore the current aim of the National Platform RT HNC is to standardize the RT dose and fractionation. The results of this survey have been discussed in the platform and this has already led to some local practice changes. Certain technical issues will also be harmonized, such as planning and imaging protocols. In the future, we hope to collect and analyze outcome data of treatment of larynx cancer in the Netherlands; these results could help to further harmonize treatment protocols.
As reflected by this survey, treatment strategies of T3 laryngeal cancer in the Netherlands are rather comparable between the 8 DHNOCG centers and their affiliated locations, but differences exist, especially when it comes to the addition of concomitant chemotherapy. Radiotherapy alone is reserved for small volume T3N0 and T3N1 tumors, but not all centers use CTRT for higher N-stages. Since there are also some discrepancies in the details of the RT treatment between centers, the aim of the National Platform RT HNC is to is further standardize the RT dose, fractionation and delivery techniques.
Concept and design: PD, CT, JK. Collection and assembly of data: PD. Data analysis and interpretation: PD, CT, JK. Manuscript writing: PD. Manuscript revising: CT, JK. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Cancer Facts and figures 2014, American Cancer society, Atlanta, GA, USA http://www.cancer.org/research/cancerfactsstatistics/cancerfactsfigures2015/.


text:
import { createSelector } from 'reselect';

import { makeSelectTeamPlayers } from '../../data/players/selectors';
import { selectTeam } from '../../data/teams/selectors';

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export const makeSelectTeamInfo = () => {
  const selectTeamPlayers = makeSelectTeamPlayers({ filter: 'field' });
  return createSelector([selectTeam, selectTeamPlayers],
    (team, players) => {
      if (!team) return undefined;
      return ({ ...team, players });
    });
};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Minnesota's persistent literacy gap has lawmakers looking for ways to push evidence-based reading instruction
Minnesota has the widest gap in reading scores between white and nonwhite students in the nation.
By Erin Hinrichs | MinnPost Staff Writer
A first-grade student at Prodeo Acadmey's St. Paul campus tapping out a word he's been asked to write during a routine literacy assessment.
MinnPost photo by Erin Hinrichs
Schools across the state closed down at the start of this week because of the extreme cold. It's the right thing to do, so that kids aren't being put at risk, said Sen. Chuck Wiger, DFL-Maplewood. But he thinks there's another issue affecting Minnesota students that deserves the same level of urgency and decisive action: reading proficiency rates that have remained stagnant for years, and have even decreased for some student groups.
"Minnesota has a state of emergency regarding literacy. I'm very disappointed with where we're at right now with the persistent reading success gap between white students and students of color," he said Wednesday. "We are not making adequate progress, and the future of tens of thousands of our students is seriously at risk if we don't address this."
Third-grade reading skills are a critical benchmark for students' future success. By the end of third grade, they should have the literacy skills they need to transition from learning to read to reading to learn.
Yet according to the latest state assessments, only 56 percent of fourth-graders tested proficient in reading. That number has remained relatively flat for years. Broken down by race and special status, the proficiency rates are even more alarming: Minnesota now has the widest gap in reading scores between white and nonwhite students in the nation. Only 32 percent of black fourth-graders and 34 percent of Hispanic fourth-graders are proficient in reading, compared to 66 percent of white fourth-graders.
State Sen. Chuck Wiger
Serving as the ranking minority member of the Senate E-12 Finance and Policy Committee, Wiger says there is strong bipartisan interest in looking at which evidence-based reading strategies are needed to move the needle. And progress on this front, he suspects, will require some legislative action this session.
"Frankly, I think the governor should call a summit soon on this," he said. "At least, through the legislative process, we can direct some action, for coming up with a plan to address this."
Experts call for reforms
Earlier this week, members of the Senate E-12 Finance and Policy Committee, chaired by Sen. Carla Nelson, R-Rochester, heard from a number of Minnesota-based reading experts — many of whom called for widespread early literacy instruction reforms needed at the district and school level.
During this information gathering session, the importance of implementing evidence-based reading instruction came up often. But even something as seemingly basic as reading instruction comes with political baggage.
At the peak of the so-called nationwide "reading war," educators often fell into one of two camps: one that prioritized explicit phonics-based instruction; or another that prioritized exposure to good books and reading practice.
State Sen. Carla Nelson
A bounty of scientific research, however, has shown that kids cannot simply learn to read through exposure to books and story time. Rather, they need to be taught how to decode words, a skill that requires a strong foundation in phonics — being able to connect sounds with letters.
Today, you'd be hard pressed to find a Minnesota educator who'd deny the importance of embedding some phonics-based instruction into reading lessons and curriculum. But there's still no consensus on how much focus should be devoted to building students' phonics skills — a variable that results in literacy instruction inconsistencies across districts, and even across grade levels within the same school.
Many of the experts convened to present on Monday support a more explicit phonics-based instruction approach to teaching reading. That includes leaders with The Reading Center and the Minnesota Reading Corps — two organizations that specialize in targeting reading interventions to students who struggle most with reading, including students with dyslexia.
Kathy Howe, a local reading expert called in to testify, raised concern over the "balanced literacy" approach used in most schools today.
"What we see in observing balanced literacy classrooms is that sounding out words is de-emphasized. Rather students are encouraged to guess words based on pictures, context … this is not phonics, at all," she said. "Balanced literacy has been the preferred reading instructional philosophy in most Minnesota K-3 classrooms, for several decades."
Second-graders doing a phonics-based literacy activity in Susie Hiemenz's classroom at Holy Spirit Catholic School in St. Paul.
Howe talked about her work with the St. Croix River Education District, in which she helped restructure the elementary school's approach to teaching reading to ensure phonics-based instruction sat at the core of each lesson. In many cases, it's a commitment that requires a radical restructuring that involves buying new curriculum materials, leadership from the school board and principal, a new school schedule and staffing plan and additional professional development for educators. But it's a reform that she insists needs to take place in schools across the state.
"It's hard work. But there are people who have done it. Some of them are sitting here behind me," she said, pointing out John Alexander, executive director of Groves Academy, which works with school districts to better implement phonics-based reading instruction.
Given the success in students' reading scores in the districts his staff currently collaborate with, Alexander told committee members he hopes that the Minneapolis Public Schools district, the St. Paul Public Schools district and the Anoka-Hennepin Public School District "will take notice and do the restructuring necessary" to boost literacy scores through more explicit phonics-based instruction as well.
Legislators weigh in
During the hearing on Monday, Nelson voiced her own frustrations with reading proficiency rates in Minnesota.
"Why is it that we've been talking about the importance of early reading since I came to the Senate in 2011?" she said. "We've had years now, yet we're not seeing the return on investment. Most importantly, we are turning out students who — 20 percent of them — do go to college needing remedial work. We're turning out students who don't have the necessary reading skills to get the further education, career training that they need."
In an interview after the hearing, she expressed an interest in possibly taking legislative action to ensure all reading instructors are employing evidence-based practices. "One has to wonder if, in fact, our persistent and rather stagnant reading gap might possibly be because we haven't been laser focused on these evidence-based, scientific strategies that really encompass the strategy of learning to read," she said.
Reflecting on her own experience as a reading specialist in a Minnesota school, she recalled working with a group of first-graders who were taught in phonics-based reading. The next year, that same group of kids had a whole-language teacher. And for their third-grade year, reading instruction included a mix of strategies.
"I thought, 'It's really hard for these kids,'" she said. "Where is the scope and sequence?"
In terms of teacher licensure, Nelson indicated she's interested in revisiting a gap that currently exists in licensure criteria. Nearly a decade ago, based on recommendations that came out of a Minnesota reading task force, licensure requirements for teachers were better synced with evidence-based best practices in reading instruction.
But as Alexander pointed out during his testimony, the new criteria only impacted new teachers — those with little ability to enter a school system and create change. Teachers who already held their licensure were exempt from the new requirements.
Nelson said she's interested in revisiting this, to ensure all teachers are on the same page with scientifically based reading instruction, when it comes to meeting licensure requirements.
Meanwhile, Wiger has drafted a bill (S.F. 81) that would create a Minnesota Reads task force. The 15-member task force would be appointed by the commissioner of education and include a mix of educators, literacy researchers, parents and business representatives. They would be tasked with advising the commissioner on strategies to reach 100 percent reading proficiency rates for both third-graders and adults by 2025. Additionally, by Feb. 15 of each year, they would be tasked with supplying state legislators with a report that includes recommendations for legislative action to improve literacy programs and outcomes.
In particular, Wiger says he'd like to see a task force like this spearhead a statewide campaign, promoting literacy.
"People are not mad enough about how we are failing their students," he said. "There should be a great deal of outrage right now that we are not making adequate progress."
Erin Hinrichs
Erin Hinrichs is MinnPost's education reporter. She can be reached at ehinrichs@minnpost.com, and you can follow her on twitter at @Erin_Hinrichs.
Despite new calls to fix Minnesota's educational disparities, major policy reforms aren't guaranteed in 2020
Twin Cities Business
The Minneapolis Fed sheds its reserve
By Liz Fedor
Amid COVID-19 uncertainties, Minnesota colleges are trying to hang on to prospective students
More Education articles


I have no idea where the reference for this is. It was either a youtube vid, a comment on fb or G+.
Some of the idea probably came from +Eric from Bloat Games new video podcast. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GToz4TWBE78 (there was a reference to how many times Matts paladin became an anti paladin).
Whatever the case, the question was "What's a character that you model your characters afterwards".
I've got the sneaky suspicion that some people pick a archetype that they like, and regardless of whether that character dies, the next one is in a similar vein. For instance you are partial to robin hood, so your first PC you roll up as close as you can get to him, and so one once the first guy dies.
I'm fairly positive that back in the 2nd edition hey day of Drizzt, well there was a LOT of Drizzts wasn't there!
This got me to thinking about the characters I've played. Honestly I think I'm just trying to find my way still. I don't think I'm stuck on a particular character to emulate. The last few times I've played a background cleric kinda of character (Which doesn't have a ton of cultural literary references, other than Friar tuck... that I can think of).
In our current 5e game I'm playing a rogue, borderline assassin. Which comes from Skyrim more than any literary example. I just like being that evil character. All those jerks from the dark side and other villains in movies appeal to me. Although I still don;t think I modeled a character directly after someone. Now that I'm thinking about it, Kylo would be interesting to play.
My old school group has shown interest in running a Star wars D6 game. When I do I think rather than letting them create characters (because they will all end up as gray jedi), I'd rather take the stock pre gens in the back and blindly hand them out. I know everyone has a favourite character, but with star wars you probably can't go wrong with an archetype really. Especially for fan boys/girls.
My wife one time created a female version of the Dread Pirate Roberts, which was so much fun for her.
I think its probably hard to not emulate characters once in awhile. When I say barbarian, I'm sure Conan or Red Sonja is the first thing you think of right?
So is there a character type that you emulate when you play?


Mason Estates present this fine three bedroom end of terrace home with garage space to the side, with a range of schools, shops and amenities on your doorstep. This property offers huge potential to extend either to the side or to the rear offering prospective purchasers many options.
Accommodation briefly consists of an entrance hall leading to a sitting room, living room and kitchen downstairs with three bedrooms and a bathroom upstairs.
With a range of primary/secondary schools, Charlestown Shopping Centre, shops, and parks, all within strolling distance. There is easy access to DCU, the M1/M50, Dublin Airport and the City Centre with a selection of buses to the City available. Viewing is recommended.
•	Oozing potential to further extend.
Entrance hall with under stair storage, alarm panel.
Bay window, tiled fireplace with open coal fire, fitted display and shelving unit, ceiling coving and centre rose.
Brick fireplace with fitted gas fire, fitted shelving and display unit, ceiling coving..
Some fitted wall and floor units with stainless steel sink, plumbed for washing machine, door to garden.
Double bedroom to the front, with fitted wardrobe, overhead storage, vanity unit with drawer and overhead storage.
Double bedroom to the rear with wall to wall wardrobes with vanity and overhead storage, incorporating hot press with dual immersion..
Single bedroom to the front.
Bath with electric shower, w.c. and wash hand basin with vanity unit, tiled floor and walls.
•	Timber Framed windows to the front with double glazed aluminium windows to the rear.
Coming from the City Centre out through Phibsboro on to the Ballymun Road, take a left hand turn at the junction with Collins Avenue on to Glasnevin Avenue, at the roundabout take a right hand turn on to Willow Park Road and second left on to Willow Park Crescent which continues on to Sycamore Road. No. 48 is on the right.


Need to characterize your samples by light scattering, but do not currently have the budget or manpower for your own instruments? Find a 3rd-party academic, government or commercial facility that offers contract analytical services using Wyatt instruments in your region.
Harvard University, Center for Macromolecular Interactions. Wyatt instrumentation: SEC-MALS.
MIT, Biophysical Instrumentation Facility. Wyatt instrumentation: DLS.
NIST, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. Wyatt instrumentation: FFF-MALS.
U. Delaware, Advanced Materials Characterization Lab. Wyatt instrumentation: DLS/PALS (Möbiuζ).
U. Pennsylvania, School of Medicine Biophysical and Structural Biology Core Facilities. Wyatt instrumentation: SEC-MALS, DLS.
U. Rochester, Structural Biology & Biophysics Facility. Wyatt instrumentation: DLS (plate reader).
Yale University, Keck Biophysical Resource. Wyatt instrumentation: SEC-MALS, FFF-MALS, DLS.
U. North Carolina, School of Medicine, Macromolecular Interactions Facility. Wyatt instrumentation: SEC-MALS, DLS (plate reader).
Case Western Reserve University, Protein Expression Purification Crystallization Core. Wyatt instrumentation: SEC-MALS, DLS (plate reader).
Indiana University, Physical Biochemistry Instrumentation Facility. Wyatt instrumentation: SEC-MALS.
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U. Iowa, Carver College of Medicine Protein Crystallography Facility. Wyatt instrumentation: DLS (plate reader, cuvette).
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U. Kansas, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center. Wyatt instrumentation: SEC-MALS, DLS (plate reader), CG-MALS.
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U. California, Santa Barbara, Materials Research Laboratory. Wyatt instrumentation: SEC-MALS, DLS.
U. Southern California, NanoBiophysics Core Facility. Wyatt instrumentation: SEC-MALS, DLS.
U. Southern California, School of Pharmacy Translational Research Laboratory. Wyatt instrumentation: DLS (plate reader).
U. Colorado Boulder, Biochemistry Shared Instruments Pool. Wyatt instrumentation: SEC-MALS, CG-MALS, DLS (cuvette).
Hospital for Sick Kids, Toronto - Bio-HPLC-MALS-QELS-RI. Wyatt instrumentation: DLS (plate reader).
U. Saskatchewan, PRISM - Proteomics Research in Interactions and Structure of Macromolecules. Wyatt instrumentation: DLS (plate reader).
Alliance Protein Labs - San Diego, CA. Offers contract research services and consulting in the areas of protein biophysical characterization, protein purification, and protein stabilization. Wyatt instrumentation: SEC-MALS, CG-MALS and DLS.
Ajinomoto Althea - San Diego, CA. Provides CMC-related analytical services and consulting for biopharmaceutical companies engaging in clinical trials or seeking regulatory approval. Wyatt instrumentation: SEC-MALS, FFF-MALS, high-throughput DLS and MP-PALS (zeta potential).
Bend Research - Bend, OR. A leading independent scientific development and manufacturing company that provides contract services for characterization of proteins and polymers. Wyatt instrumentation: SEC-MALS including on-line differential viscometry.
Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories - Lancaster, PA. Offers the greatest breadth of cGMP-compliant biopharmaceutical services in the industry, streamlining the drug development process through commercialization while ensuring regulatory compliance, cost effectiveness, and achievement of timelines. Wyatt instrumentation: SEC-MALS with on-line DLS.
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IBS - Grenoble, France. Wyatt instrumentation: SEC-MALS with on-line DLS.
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Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology - Strasbourg. Wyatt instrumentation: MALS with on-line DLS.
L'Institut Charles Sadron - Strasbourg. Provides analytical research services and consulting in polymer characterization. Wyatt instrumentation: SEC-MALS including on-line differential viscometry (ViscoStar) and refractive index detection (Optilab), FFF-MALS.
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U. York, Department of Biology - York. Wyatt instrumentation: SEC-MALS.
Quality Assistance S.A. - Donstiennes. Quality Assistance provides the analytical services required by EMA and FDA regulations for the development and marketing of human medicinal products like Biologics, New Chemical Entities, Vaccines, Nanomedicine products and ATMPs, Vaccines. The company has 150 employees and over 35 years' expertise at the forefront of analytical sciences. Quality Assistance designs customized solutions in order to evaluate the Quality, Safety and Efficacy of the drugs. Wyatt instrumentation: FFF-MALS.
Coriolis Pharma - Martinsried. An independent leading service provider specialized in biopharmaceutical formulation development and contract analytical services. This includes forced degradation and stability testing, higher order structure characterization, aggregation and (sub)visible particle analysis, supported by a large number of analytical techniques. Wyatt instrumentation: FFF-MALS, DLS (plate reader).
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BioPharmaSpec - Jersey. An independent analytical research laboratory which has a long track-record of solving cutting edge problems in biopolymer research, and stands ready to apply this cumulative expertise to the efficient characterization of your important biopharmaceutical products. Wyatt instrumentation: SEC-MALS.


text:
Blogs TV Blogs
How to watch the Super Bowl in the UK
Justin Timberlake is the star of this year's Super Bowl LII half-time show. Whether you care about the sport or not, it's bound to be a spectacle.
Charlotte Gunn
The Super Bowl is one of the biggest events in the American sporting calendar and it takes place this coming Sunday (Sunday Feb 4).
Even if you have little interest in the sporting action, there's a good reason to tune in: Justin Timberlake will be performing the famous halftime show, which last year was viewed by a staggering 111.5 million people in the US alone.
The culmination of this year's controversy fuelled NFL season takes place at the U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota and will culminate in either the New England Patriots or the Philadelphia Eagles being crowned this season's champion. Wondering how you can watch The Super Bowl in the UK? We've got all the answers.
When does the Super Bowl 2018 take place?
It's on Sunday February 4, 2018.
What time does the Super Bowl 2018 start?
Kickoff is at 3:30pm on the West Coast of America which translates as 11:30pm in the UK (GMT).
Will the Super Bowl be shown on TV in the UK?
The Super Bowl will be shown on BBC, with coverage beginning at 23:15pm and running until early Monday morning, usually about 3:30am and also on Sky Sports 1 HD.
What time is the halftime show?
Halftime begins at roughly 00:45am, but this could vary depending on the speed of the first half (and American football naysayers always complain it's too stoppy-starty). Tune in from 00:35am just to make sure you do not miss a thing.
Will Justin Timberlake be joined by any guests?
This isn't JTs first time at the Super Bowl. He was involved in the Janet Jackson nipplegate controversy from 2004's halftime show and rumours have been swirling ever since that Jackson could be a part of this year's show. Producer Jimmy Lewis seemed to dampen rumours that she might appear, but kept things relatively cryptic. "I wouldn't bet on it," says Lewis. "I don't know if she likes football that much. But you never know when she's going to stop by."
How long will Justin Timberlake perform for?
The music act typically play for 15 minutes and usually combine several of their biggest hits for a huge medley. Check out Lady Gaga's huge performance from 2017 to get a feel for what will happen.
Will the famous Super Bowl commercials be shown on TV?
Unfortunately, the ads do not air in the UK so you won't be able to see them on TV. Keep an eye on social media though, as they are bound to be uploaded to sites like Twitter, Facebook and YouTube soon after.
Rumours suggest that we could see a trailer for Cloverfield 3, The Incredibles 2 and the Avengers: Infinity World.
Who is going to win the 2018 Superbowl?
It's likely to be an exciting game. New England have won 2 of the last 3 titles but the Philadelphia Eagles could cause an upset.
What are the basics of the game?
Everyone starts somewhere – check out a few of these instructional videos to get on you ready for the game. And if you still don't get it, it's still fun to watch 300 pound blokes crash into each other – you'll be fine.


If you're an athlete then you have special nutritional needs. And these needs differ from sport to sport. At Diet World, we know how to design tailored programs that improve your athletic performance with the right nutrition for your exercise routine. Special packages are offered to athletes that contain high protein, minerals and vitamins.


If you are looking to get cash for your house in Philly then you will be excited to know that our team here at Rapid Home Liquidation pays cash for houses, and we can have a check in your hand in as little as one week once we've agreed on a price. We purchase Philadelphia, Pennsylvania houses in any condition, and at any price. Our team specializes in purchasing homes from distressed homeowners who are facing difficult situations and need to sell quickly. Some of the most common types of situations we help people out of are: foreclosure, divorce, tax liens, inheritance, job loss or relocation, and more. The bottom line is that if you need to sell your house quickly, and listing your home with a realtor is not a feasible option in your situation, then selling your home quickly through our cash for keys Philly program is probably a good option, or at least one that you should consider. Feel free to give us a call or text at (215) 882-9828 for more information on our program, or to ask any questions that you might have about our service.
How Does We Buy Houses Philadelphia Work?
Our team will quickly analyze your situation and determine the full market value of your property, and then estimate the repairs and subtract those costs from 75% of the full market value to determine our cash offer. We will then present that offer to you in written or verbal form, and if you decide to accept it then we can close out the deal at a local title company in as little as one week, or whenever it's most convenient for you. The biggest benefit about selling your home to a "we buy houses" real estate investor is that we are able to offer an extremely fast and convenient home buying service that pays cash, and you don't have to wait around to list your home with a realtor. Being able to sell your home in as-is condition without making any repairs, and getting out from under the property is an extremely attractive idea for some home owners, and those are the types of clients that we are interested in helping. If you're looking to get full market value for your home then we can also refer you to a local real estate agent who can get your home listed, but that often takes several months, so please keep that in mind.
No closing costs. Since we are likely going to be making a profit when we fix up your home and resell it on the open market, we figure that it's only right that we cover 100% of the closing costs, so that's exactly the type of strategy that we implement into our program. Other local "we buy Philly houses" companies will split the closing costs with you, and some of them will even try to make you pay 100% of them.
Fast closing times. Since we are buying your home using our own cash, you won't have to wait around for your buyer to get approved for financing. We can close the deal as fast as you'd like, and often times we can have a check in your hands within one week from you accepting our offer. Compare that with the speed and flexibility of listing with an agent, which can often take months at a time, or even years in some extreme cases.
Sell your property as-is. Since we are going to flip the property and perform all of the repairs, you won't have to worry about doing any of that. We will handle all of the repair work on the property, so you can simply cash your check and move on with your life, forgetting about this highly burdensome home that has been stressing you out so much in these recent weeks.
No commissions or fees. Since we are going to be the ones who actually buy your house, you won't need to use a real estate agent, and therefore you will not have to pay any listing fees or commissions on the final sale of the home. This is perhaps the most attractive benefit of selling your home through a private real estate investment firm such as us here at Rapid Home Liquidation, so please keep that in mind and contact us if you have any questions about our professional home buying service.
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So back in 2010 when the mid term elections were going strong, many of the active members were not posting hardly anything about the midterms and actual, real world politics. Everything that they argued was hypothetical and theoretical (just meet my big word quota for the day).
I remember thinking "Josh, I wish people would talk about things that were actually going on in the real world politics." But, now that there is smear thread after smear thread, nearly all based on fallacious logic, I'm thinking "dammit, shoulda kept my thoughts shut!"
Any real political discussion is full of this. It annoys the sh!t out of me.
It will calm down when the election is over. I hope.
Obama cannot run on his record, and he knows it. He is therefore using Chicago political methods of nonstop personal attacks.
Oh, sure he can. He can tell people that he has driven millions and millions of Americans off of the unemployment payroll. No, they don't have jobs, but at least we aren't having to pay them anymore!
We lefters are trying, right now, to pass a bill to give a 10% tax credit to businesses for new hiring expenses, limited to a certain amount, to help jump start the economy and create new jobs. A study found that this would create almost a million jobs!
Unfortunately, the Republicans are blocking this bill. They foolishly are trying to give businesses a 20% tax credit for new hiring expenses, without limit, to help jump start the economy and create jobs. Can you believe that? They are still pushing the agenda that lower taxes will create jobs! Why can't they see that only a 10% tax credit, and nothing else, will work as an incentive?
Vote Obama 2012 for tax cuts to create jobs. Don't you dare vote Romney 2012 for tax cuts to create jobs.
Nice, in a thread about not wanting to deal with the bullsh!t political attacks, your response is a mindless two sentence "he is a complete failure and can do nothing but attack attack attack!!!"
Chicago political methods? Are you sure he's not just swatting back a little of what he's been taking since the first year of his Presidency? That's honestly how you see this as being framed?
Is it proper to 'swat back' at someone who never 'swatted' you in the first place?
Is every D justified in attacking any R because they can point to another R who attacked them or another D?
Well, before I touch on the first statement, let me deal with the latter: Romney wants to be a leading, if not the leading, representative of the Rs. They share an organization, and to lesser and greater extents, an ideology. They aren't atomic and uncoordinated (the opposite in-fact).
With respect to going negative, Romney & his backers were attacking Obama when he was running for the Republican nomination. If you impose an artificial timeframe, then you can talk about victim-Romney, if you treat Romney's campaign as an arc, then he's had to attack, due to Republican internal dynamics, since the beginning.
Not really talking about backers. Talking about the individuals. What did Romney attack Obama about?
Neither can Romney. His economy was the 47th worst in the nation and he outsourced jobs using taxpayer money.
Anyways, Obama's record isn't that bad from a liberal perspective.
Romney inherited the state with a massive deficit, and 47th in job creation. By the time he left the budget was balanced, and the state was 30th in job creation.
Wow, you just don't get it, do you?
Welfare reform, war on religion, the economy, unemployment... how dare Romney focus on the issues.
That's the whole point Ren. Romney is focusing on the issues. Obama isn't. He criticizes Romney for doing exactly what Obama did with GM. He calls Romney a maybe-felon(it was his campaign staff, and his whitehouse staff, which he never denied)... Obama isn't focusing on the issues, Romney is.
Honestly, it's not even the inaccuracy.
I get that humans tend to that aggressive trait, and I know the present isn't some crazy change from the past, but honestly, sometimes I look around and just wonder why we all just can't get along.
I know, I know, a stupid, tired, cliche, emotion-driven statement. How terrible of a sin I just committed. It's just in my personality. My emotion reigns supreme in almost every aspect of my life, and I just hate it when people are mad at each other/are in conflict.
But that's just my starry-eyed, wishful thinking, stating the obvious, post for you.
If we are anything like foxes, we could breed out aggression, but that would require that we sterilize anybody who commits a violent crime.
tempting... but only if we can link violent natures to genetics, rather than nurture.
They did it in foxes.
Everyone would have to be initially raised in the same environment. Children who exhibit aggression will be separated from the rest of the pack.
I would definitely be exiled to "Violent Island"
Just because it is genetic in foxes does not mean it is genetic in humans.
Did I say that it was?
The fact that it is genetic in foxes gives plausibility to the idea that it might be genetic in humans. Researchers were able to identify similar genes in wolves that aren't present in domesticated dogs.
Why do you assume that aggression- at least in moderate forms- will be negatively selected for? According to a basic ESS (Evolutionary Stable Strategy), it is impossible with natural "forces" to have a society which is solely based on complete and utter aggression or non-aggression; a mix between the two is needed because any extreme will positively select for deviants. I assume that some amount of non-lethal aggression towards human beings will forever remain in the population.


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text:
Sydel Curry is brand-new, with a new wine, a new personal brand — and a new fiancé
The former college volleyball player, and younger sister of Stephen and Seth, keeps the faith but also believes in 'manning up'
By Greydy Diaz
The Curry family has been building an empire for quite some time — and Sydel Curry, a former Division I athlete who retired from volleyball in 2017, is a huge part of that. The daughter of former NBA sharpshooter Dell, and younger sister of both NBA champion and two-time MVP Stephen and Dallas Mavericks guard Seth, she is also engaged to Atlanta Hawk Damion Lee.
But Curry has arrived on her own terms. She recently teamed up with Neiman Marcus to launch her own brand, "A Curry Girl." Curry's brand is growing through partnerships, but it began with her lifestyle website, a space where she shares her passions, opens up about her faith and spreads awareness about the importance of mental health. "This year, I'm putting myself out there," she said. "I have true anxiety issues, which is partly why I'm a homebody. But more than anything, I'm an ordinary girl that just wants to create my own extraordinary experiences." The 23-year-old recently graduated from Elon University, landed a full-time job as service concierge at Tesla and has career goals focused on helping others — all the while trying to live her best life, of course.
Best piece of advice you've ever received?
BOW YA NEK. My dad is from a small town in Virginia, and he's super Southern … 'Bow ya nek' is a way of saying 'man up.' My dad and I have matching tattoos of it.
Favorite late-night food run?
Wingstop.
Most frequently used emoji?
The crying laughing emoji.
Have you ever been starstruck?
I don't usually get starstruck, but as I was walking into this year's NBA All-Star Game and was holding my fiancé's hand, Jesse Williams walked out of a car. I gasped so loud my fiancé turned and said, 'Excuse me?'
Last concert you went to?
Daniel Caesar.
"I've had a counselor — since a bad relationship I was in, out of high school — and she has really helped me. So I want to be that for others."
Last show you binge-watched?
Gilmore Girls for the 16th time.
Last book you read?
The Bible.
Favorite place to eat in the Bay Arena?
International Smoke.
Last stamp on your passport?
Turks and Caicos for a siblings-and-significant-others trip this past summer.
A place you've never been to but you're dying to visit?
I want to island-hop around Greece, which is inspired by The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants.
Favorite board game?
Monopoly.
Best or most thoughtful gift you ever received?
It's the simplest ones that I love. For my high school and college graduations, all of my family members made videos telling me how proud of me they are. I rewatch them from time to time.
What would you tell your 15-year-old self?
It's not that serious.
What's in your fridge?
Nothing edible! Week-old eggs and wilted spinach.
Who are you as "A Curry Girl"?
A sum of the myself I am to other people … a little sister, a daughter, a fiancée — that's so weird to say — and a huge believer in God. I'm hardworking, independent and aware of my mental health.
Where do you see yourself professionally in the next five to 10 years?
I want to be a marriage and family therapist. I've always had a passion for people and knew I wanted to be a counselor. It's important that we really nurture ourselves and relationships, and sometimes we need someone to lead the way. I've had a counselor — since a bad relationship I was in, out of high school — and she has really helped me. So I want to be that for someone/others.
Where does your courage come from?
From the people around me. I learn a lot from other people and their experiences. I know that if I'm going through a hard time, I know that I'm not the only one.
This week, you and [Stephen's wife] Ayesha announced that you two are launching a wine called Domaine Curry. What sparked the idea?
In our family, we love wine. We go towards any kind of cabernet that's big, bold and superjammy. Ayesha and I wanted to do a project together that explains our relationship and explains the women in our family. The 2015 vintage is called Femme 31. In Proverbs 31, it talks about the virtuous woman. There's a Scripture there that explains how a woman gains her earnings in the field and plants her vineyard. The virtuous woman takes care of her family and herself, just like the women in our family. We wanted to make something we can pass on to [nieces] Riley, Ryan, my future daughter and all of the Curry women.
NBA Finals prediction?
Warriors in five.
Danyel Smith is the Culture Lead at The Undefeated. She loves tangerine sno-cones, listens to way too much music, and misses Oakland every single day.
This Story Tagged: CulturePlay Entrepreneurship Sydel Curry


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Now You Can Get Married the Carrie Bradshaw Way, Sarah Jessica Parker Set to Release Bridal Collection
By Rikki Byrd
Perhaps the most weighted moment of Sex and the City was when Big tells Carrie that he can't go through with the wedding. It was a type of weight that shuttered through the movie seats when people went to see the film and still brings tears to my eyes when I watch the scene. It's a weight that haunts you, and haunted Carrie, sending her into a lonely space that not even shopping or writing about love could restore. A weight that could only be lifted with a tiny pair of blue Manolo Blahnik's, which like Carrie, sat lonely, waiting for the perfect moment to rekindle the broken love between Carrie and Mr. Big. Now, Carrie, er, Sarah Jessica Parker is launching her very own bridal collection, giving SATC fans a chance to walk in her on-screen shoes.
Yahoo Style reports that the shoes will sell for $355 to $545 and be released on Zappos in Spring 2015. Although the images of the collection haven't been released yet, the shoes are said to be inspired by SJP's evening shoes featured in her shoe collection, which hit Nordstrom stores in February. The shoes will come in three colors: white, ivory and blue. How very fitting, Ms. Parker.
The announcement of the SJP Bridal Collection tails the many celebrity weddings that have kept us swooning for love and fashion. Angelina Jolie melted our hearts when she walked down the aisle in an Atelier Versace dress sprinkled with doodles by her kiddos. Lauren Conrad kept the media in a frenzy as we anticipated what her dress might look like; her custom-made Badgley Mischka dress was sweet and simple. There were many whispers about the Kimye wedding, in which Kim Kardashian floored us all with her Givenchy dress and heavenly veil. And Amal Aludmuddin, albeit revoking us of all future-husband claims we had placed on George Clooney, stunned in an Oscar de la Renta off-the-shoulder number, which will reportedly be available at Bergdorf Goodman.
However, none of these weddings can compare to Carrie Bradshaw's exquisite on-screen nuptials; both the extravagant affair planned at the New York Public Library and the sweet and private moment shared in the courtroom. Now that they're married and Carrie has to officially wear her wedding ring after her slip-up with Aidan overseas, what happens next in the Carrie-and-Big saga? As we continue to unpack the rumors of Sex and the City 3, let's take time to admire Carrie and Big's long, complicated, sometimes unrequited, other times much-desired relationship.
Images: ClubFashionista; divaliscious, danilowho, mellakis, mariamtalks/Tumblr; GifSoup(2)