Childrearing comes easier to some than others; guided by instinct, intuition, the role modeling of our parents, or a combination of all three. If you require something more systematic in your approach you can always turn to educational psychology. Fortunately, we have years of child developmental psychology from which to draw. Why not borrow on that knowledge to create a rough timetable for fostering financial literacy? I do.
Although the research conducted by biologist Jean Piaget (1896-1980) was primarily focused on how the human organism adapts to its environment, I find his work on chronological age correlation with child development (1) to be a useful starting point for designing ways to introduce financial concepts and healthy financial habits for children as they grow. Correlating age with financial activities is offered here only as a framework or guide and should be driven by a child's actual readiness and interests.
It is critical that this experience be as visual as possible. Some parents make use of a clear plastic jar labeled 'Savings Jar,' to which the child attaches a picture of their target purchase and is used to collect coins. The goal needs to be small enough and coins added regularly to quickly attain a total amount that exceeds the targeted purchase. The child may begin to understand the symbolic representation of money through this process, although s/he may not yet comprehend the actual value. When carrying out this exercise you must let the child be in control of the purchase to some degree and (after the transaction is complete) give her or him the opportunity to return the change to the 'Savings Jar' for future use. You've now taken the first big step toward instilling in your child the healthy habit of planning for purchases.
Until about 5 years of age children are focused on understanding how things are represented (1). As they begin to count and develop relationships between their savings and making purchases you can help them further by playing the equivalency game: 2 nickels equal one dime, ten dimes make one dollar, 20 nickels make a dollar while only four quarters represent the same dollar. You can also provide the child with an opportunity to appreciate and play with non-equivalency. Many children will expect that a nickel is worth more than a dime because of its size and that 20 nickels are worth more than 10 dimes because they make a larger stack.
Between the ages of 5 and 8 you may see your child begin to identify with the way those around them understand monetary concepts (1). This is an appropriate time to emphasize the concept of needs versus wants. Children begin to socialize and share with others, providing parents a great opportunity to introduce ideas on the role of money in our society. Some families accomplish this during weekly family meetings that incorporate readings or stories with samples of how people earn, spend, save and give to charity.
Chores also become crystallized for children as part of their contribution to the family. You may find that linking chores to an allowance implies that chores are "optional" and may lead to their choosing to not do chores and forgo the allowance. Similarly, withholding an allowance as a form of punishment for not doing chores generally reinforces the wrong message. I like to think that the allowance provides them an opportunity to make mistakes as they learn to manage their own money. At this juncture, adults will need to battle their natural inclination to protect the child from overspending. Letting them make mistakes will help them understand consequences of misusing money. It is much better, after all, for a child to blow their weekly allowance on candy and discover the ramifications early on, rather than to spend their first paycheck on a new HDTV and end up without enough money to pay the rent!
A stable source of income builds confidence and fosters rational decisions on savings, purchasing and giving. You may want to include incentives to encourage savings by matching or providing interest on amounts saved (2). Some families create a 'Family Bank' (an evolution on the 'Savings Jar') to which children can save and earn higher interest than they would normally earn at a regular bank. They can track their earnings in a book or worksheet. Why? For children the incentive needs to be obvious, even a bit exaggerated. Opening a regular savings account or purchasing a savings bond for your child is undoubtedly a desirable third step, but probably less effective as an interim teaching tool owing to the characteristically low interest rates and less "hands-on" nature of these financial instruments.
I encourage you to share smart shopping habits like making a list before going to the store, looking for bargains and checking prices of name brands compared to store brands as part of your family shopping experience. You can, for example, provide your child with money for the purchase of a cereal and then allow them to select their preference. You can assist by pointing out the less and more expensive options. Assuming they choose the less expensive option, let them keep in their 'Bank' the difference between the two, so they can learn the value of thrift. When they later consume the product, you'll have the opportunity to hear their views on the difference in taste or quality (which may or may not have been compromised). In a concrete manner they will build smart shopping habits, mastering a balance between price and quality to their own satisfaction.
During ages 8-12 children may enter the 'Operational Thinking and Concrete Operations' (1) phase, meaning they are able to apply logic with increasing facility within the confines of concrete situations. At this stage, they are ready to understand saving and investing concepts as they experience it through the things they do. Decision-making at this stage generally becomes much less egocentric. Here is an opportunity to discuss family financial tradeoffs. Children may also be ready to share their longer term goals and explore ways to make those goals a reality. Many children at this age will get very excited about the possibility of earning money, brainstorming business or earning opportunities such as babysitting, garage sales, dog walking, selling lemonade or cutting the neighbor's lawn. Listen to your child and encourage them to explore their talents and skills. Let them develop, plan, and execute their earning opportunity. Regardless of their success or failure in these ventures they will build confidence and become self reliant.
Given the right environment and encouragement, some children will enter the 'Formal Operations' (1) stage around age 12. More than by their age you'll know they are ready because they will demonstrate an ability to think and apply themselves more abstractly. At this time, they are equipped to absorb other (more complex) financial realities. Unfortunately, early adolescents may also demonstrate a tendency to revert to egocentric behavior, requiring some additional monitoring and guidance. Extending allowance payments to once every two weeks or even once a month helps children learn to plan according to their available resources and to develop ways in which to make their funds last. It is a great time for many parents to share the family budget and how to prioritize family spending with short, medium and long-term goals. This is also a perfect time to show your child the power of compound interest.
By age 14 you should discuss credit and debt. In particular, begin by showing them how a credit transaction works from the point of purchase (including how a credit card is used) to when the credit card bill arrives. A family project can be developed for teens to research the various credit cards available and what is important in the credit contract, what contract obligations exist and how the interest, payment schedule and additional fees can mount. Finally, you should share both why and how they need to track their credit reports. Ideally, have them report to the family at a family finance meeting on how credit scores are used and how their credit can affect them. If you find that they are ready, you may provide them with a restricted or prepaid credit card before they begin to receive credit card offers.
If you've set up a college fund, make them fully aware of how much you've invested on their behalf and how well (or poorly) it is doing. Together, you can discuss your budget for their educational goals.
As your teen approaches 18, consider promoting that old 'Family Bank' to a 'Family Investment Bank' and give older teens an opportunity to experience purchasing CDs, stocks, mutual funds and other investment tools (2). This can work well if parents limit the amount of choice to a manageable amount (3). You could also have them work directly with your family financial advisor.
From my own experience, the most valuable tool for parents is the regular family finance meeting. At these meetings financial concepts are introduced that are appropriate to their child's age and developmental capacity, slowly and methodically encouraging them to participate in family budget decisions, and educating them on credit, philanthropy and investment options. Whenever possible, model or share your experiences to allow them to learn from your own purchase of a car or home.
In this column I have shared my thoughts on how parents may foster sound financial behavior in their children. A child's developmental stage is very individual and will impact how responsive they are to financial coaching. By exploring financial literacy with your children in a safe environment they will have a sense of fun and excitement about joining the "real world" blessed with healthy financial attitudes. Just as valuable, their participation in family finances has real potential to develop strong family bonds.
Thanks to everyone who shared their childhood and parenting experiences. Your continued feedback helps to make the Money Matters column relevant.
1. Richmond, P.G. (1970). An Introduction to Piaget. NY: Basic Books, Inc, Publishers.
2. Owen, David (2003). First National Bank of Dad. NY: Simon & Schuster, Inc, Publishers.
3. Modu, Emmanuel and Walker, Andrea (2002). The Practical Investment Guide for Teens and their Parents. NY: The Berkeley Publishing Group.


How does transport in Pakistan looks like? How is to be a mountaineer on Nanga Parbat? How the daily life in base camp looks like? All of this information and much more you can find in the movie realized by Nanga Dream Polish Expedition.


In Part 1 of this series we explored the methodology for enabling a Sql Server database for Full-Text Indexing and enabling Full-Text indicies on specific tables. But now we get to the good part—how to use that index in your application.
There are four principal T-SQL functions which allow one to interact with your Full-Text indices: CONTAINS, FREETEXT, CONTAINSTABLE and FREETEXTTABLE. The first two return a boolean value, meaning you could use them directly in a WHERE clause. The latter two return a two-column table—KEY and RANK, allowing one to manage ranked searches.
Today we shall explore CONTAINS and FREETEXT; CONTAINSTABLE and FREETEXTTABLE will be enumerated at a later date. In any case, the big thing to remember is that CONTAINS is far more specific and much more configurable than FREETEXT. The former searches using the parameters it is told, whereas the latter will split words, find inflectional forms and perform other magics. Obviously, FREETEXT is the more expensive of the two, and oftentimes it can be overkill.
The above just sets up the database for Full-Text indexing and enables it on some choice columns. For a full explanation of setting up Full-Text indexing, please see Part 1.
Note that the first SELECT statement returns zero rows, whereas the 2nd SELECT statement returns three rows. Why, you ask? Because CONTAINS is specific. The notes field contains the term 'recipies' but NOT 'recipie'. FREETEXT automagically adds inflectional forms of a word to the search, resulting a looser resultset.
This query should return four rows, adding a book with cuisine in the list of query results.
The above examples barely scratch the surface—one can get very, very fancy with CONTAINS search clauses in order to get specific and tailored sets of search results. The developer can specify weight of each search term to get more specific results. Or ask for words NEAR one another. With a proper parser you can craft some very specific results from a rather open-ended search box. There is, however, one crucial element CONTAINS and FREETEXT lack for crafting these results: some sort of outward ranking of the value of the search results. Enter the two Full-Text TABLE functions—CONTAINSTABLE and FREETEXTTABLE. For more information on using those T-SQL functions stay tuned for Part 3 of this series.


Nairana Study Centre is run by a Director and leadership team. The current Director is Mr Richard Vella. The team is composed of residential staff and several volunteers, including senior high school and university students.
The residential chaplain, a Catholic priest of the prelature of Opus Dei, is available for personal spiritual direction and administration of the Catholic sacraments. The leadership team is supported by parents in the form of a Develop Committee and Parents Committee (DEVCO). The continued success of Nairana depends on the generous dedication and input of many parents.


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When Is Leaf Miners Active ?
Leaf miners are nothing but larvae of various types of insects. They can feed within the leaves, and as a result, they make a lot of holes in the leaf. This activity is very similar to mining activity, and that is why these grubs are called leaf miners.
There are hundreds of varieties of leaf miners in the world. There are so many insect larvae that have the same habit of feeding, and all leaf miners follow the same pattern and cause similar damage to plants. Moths, beetles, flies and insects fall under the category of leaf miners in their larval stage. The insects like flies can lay eggs on leaves and once they hatch, the larvae directly get into the leaf tissue to feed. This feeding action also protects them from predators that do not have the patience to look inside the leaves for food.
Leaf miners are also classified based on the type of damage they cause. For example, serpentine leaf mines are one of those. They make snake like patterns in the leaf and that is how they eat the tissue. Some are also called blotch leaf mines, whiles others are tentiform leaf miners. These mines are of different shapes and are classified based on it.
Different insects follow different way of eating the leaf. However, the cavities that they create within the leaf tend to rot the leaf and cause it to die. The leaf is the main source of nutrition and sunlight for the plant and when too many leaves die, the plant does not grow.
So, when it comes to finding out when are leaf miners active, it all depends on the life cycle of the adult insect. The insect will reproduce by way of eggs. These eggs are laid on the leaf or small holes made in the leaf. Once the eggs hatch, the larvae are released and that is when the leaf miners, or the insect larvae, become active.
How To Kill Leaf Miners In Tomato Plants ?
How To Kill Leaf Miners ?
Treatment For Leaf Miners On Citrus
What Do Leaf Miners Look Like ?
What Plants Do Leaf Miners Attack ?
Tomatoes are quite difficult to grow as they cannot be protected much in the winter months. Leaf miner is a broad term that is often used when describing larvae and grubs of various species of insects that live on the leaves and eat the tissue of the plants. There are several leaf mining insects like moths, flies and even some types of beetles and wasps. More..

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Ifugao Province, Philippines and Italy's Cinque Terre Park sign Twinning Program
On 25 November 2009, the UNESCO World Heritage sites of the Ifugao Rice Terraces in the Philippines and Cinque Terre in Italy signed the Twinning Program of Exchange and Cooperation agreement at the Kiangan municipality in Ifugao. Governor Teodoro Baguilat Jr and Arch. Pasquale Bruno Malara, Director of the Regional Directorate of Liguria for Cultural Heritage and Landscape led the Twinning ...
Exhibition of Aksum Obelisk Re-installation opens in Rome
On 25 November 2009, the exhibition 'Aksum Rediscovered: the Re-installation of the Obelisk' was opened in Rome, Italy at the Headquarters of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The exhibition illustrates the re-installation of the Aksum Obelisk from where it stood in front of the FAO Headquarters for several decades, to its original location at the Aksum World Heritage site in ...
Business Skills training sessions begin for World Heritage sites
The Business Skills for World Heritage Programme, a collaboration between international environmental charity Earthwatch, global energy company Shell and the UNESCO World Heritage Centre, was kicked off with a training course held in Borneo from 19th to 29th October 2009. The programme seeks to improve the management effectiveness of World Heritage Sites using business planning ...
'Patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO : les sites marocains' is published
The book 'Patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO : les sites marocains' ('UNESCO World Heritage: the Moroccan sites') is a voyage to an exceptional part of Moroccan heritage. Ancient traces, fairytale wanderings, exquisite landscapes: writer-photographer Jean-Jacques Gelbart has captured Morocco's most incredible sites through the lens of his camera. Eight writers have added prose to his ...


For years and decades tractor drivers have had serious problems with directions they were supposed to get at. This was specifically a huge problem during foggy days, and days where the was really bad in general. The rain and fog would cause big problems, since the tractor driver would have no idea where to go, because of his shortened visibility. This would result in time, energy, money, and food loss, and it would leave farmers with heavy consequences most of the time.
All of this has changed with the invention of GPS guiding for tractors. The new technology has completely changed the way farmers work. The ability to find the targeted destination in only a couple of minutes, and get there in the same time, if not faster, is something that has saved farmers huge amounts of time and money. This new technology has not only made it possible for them to finish their tasks in less time, it has also enabled them to undertake specifically difficult jobs, mostly caused by bad weather and land structure, and finish them with great success. GPS technology helps you to give yourself farmer foggy tractors to tackle any weather conditions.
Nowadays, farmers are able to finish more work in a week than what their colleagues from a decade ago would take a whole month, or even more to do so. This is the cause of a much greater income in agriculture, and the reason why more and more people are giving farming and growing plants a chance. It is much easier today to earn a living with a tractor, than it ever was before.
You will many options to choose from if you decide to give GPS guiding a chance. The most picked and popular one is the GPS display that helps you choose the exact point of the map you want to get to. There are, of course, many more options that come with the display upgrade, and they all result in a time-saving job finish.
You can choose to have sounding assistance with the help of highly accurate radio frequencies, or receivers.
There are way more possibilities than this, of course, and a lot more upgrades that can be made to help a regular farmer do his job efficiently. This has truly been a life-changing innovation for a lot of people. Casella Macchine Agricole provides an excellent GPS systems and services for your tractors. We at Casella make sure that you always progress in the right direction and get optimum produce.


To avoid being hit with tariffs, GoPro is moving production of U.S.-bound cameras out of China.
GoPro will pull production of some of its cameras out of China by summer 2019 in response to escalating trade tensions. The company said the move would affect most of its cameras intended for sale in the United States. Cameras bound for the inte jirnational market would still be produced in China.
GoPro shares were down more than 2% in early trading Monday.
In its November earnings call, the company forecast fourth-quarter revenue would be below analysts' estimates amid declining demand for its products. GoPro said it would be profitable in the fourth quarter and that "low channel inventory" would leave it well-positioned for the first quarter.
At the time, GoPro said it had the option to move U.S.-bound production out of China in the first half of 2019 if necessary. "It's important to note that we own our own production equipment while our manufacturing partner provides the facilities, so we expect to make this move at a relatively low cost," McGee said in the statement Monday.
At a meeting after the G20 summit in Buenos Aires, President Donald Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping reportedly agreed to a halt in tariffs for 90 days, but global markets have faltered in the weeks since on concerns those negotiations were not going well.
The Trump administration has signaled that if talks are not completed by March 1, new tariffs would be implemented.


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September 29, 1999 News & Views » Columns
Pay plan's stormy reception
John Giddings says that when it comes to city politics, he normally keeps his cool. But Mayor Dennis Archer's recent pay-raise plan for non-union city employees rubbed the Detroit ombudsman the wrong way.
"Let's just say we have had differences of opinion over several issues and I have chosen to remain low-key," says Giddings. "This one just really got my goat."
Step Code G, which the administration withdrew after heated debate demonstrated lack of City Council support, would have allowed supervisors to evaluate each of the 1,800 non-union city employees and recommend a performance-based raise.
The city's human resource director would have the final say to grant raises. Currently, non-union city employees receive an automatic raise unless a supervisor determines that they should not receive one due to poor work performance. Employees can appeal supervisor decisions.
Giddings has been one of the harshest – and most vocal – critics of Archer's pay-raise plan, taking the floor during a recent public hearing to call it the iceberg that sank the Titanic. "The most dangerous part is what is not seen," he says of the proposal. In a letter to the City Council, Giddings warns that the proposal gives the Human Resource director final authority to approve pay increases instead of City Council.
He also wrote that Step Code G promotes favoritism because it gives "… the supervisor the dangerous authority to withhold pay increases unless the employee somehow pleases the supervisor." Giddings says Step Code G allows supervisors to adjust employee pay to any rate, meaning wage decreases would be possible. "The way it is written, there is nothing to prevent salary decreases because, hell, if you adjust them up you can adjust them down," says Giddings.
Archer press secretary Greg Bowens disputes that claim, saying "Step Code G would not take anything from anyone." He says the plan merely rewards employees for outstanding performance. "Certainly, the way we see it is that it is not fair to deny people the opportunity to get a raise who do good work," says Bowens.
He also says the plan would not usurp City Council's authority. "We believe that council never had authority to approve someone's pay increase based on performance," says Bowens. He likens the proposal to the annual cash bonus accepted by the American Federation for State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) during recent contract negotiations with the city.
But AFSCME staff specialist Bill Harper, who helped negotiate the contract, says the cash bonuses are different. According to Harper, during recent contract talks the city proposed a pay plan essentially the same as Step Code G; the union rejected it because it permits supervisors to determine employee raises. The union also spoke out against Step Code G when it was before City Council last week.
The union fears that Archer ultimately plans to impose it on all city workers including 5,000 AFSCME members, says Harper. "We didn't want that program period," he says.
City Council member Nicholas Hood says he likes the idea of performance-based raises, but the mayor's plan is flawed. "One question is, can the city budget accommodate Step Code G?" asks Hood.
He says the city admitted that there is not enough money to cover employee pay raises if each one were to receive the maximum increase in their pay scale. "So it becomes elusive in that it is intended to be an incentive to get employees to work hard, but no matter how hard they work, they won't get the highest raise possible because the city cannot afford it," says Hood.
Regardless of this criticism, the issue is not going to go away. Bowens says the administration intends to revise the plan and put it before council again. "We are not going to give up on government reform," says Bowens. "We are not going to give up on rewarding people for their work."
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Wake Up Call is an Trophy / Achievement awarded for helping Leo out of a tricky situation without getting caught. It is worth 10 Gamerscore or a bronze trophy.
This trophy/achievement can be missed, so you need to be mindful of how you specifically earn it. During Chapter Eleven, you'll run into Henry, who you will introduce to Eddie. Eddie will give him a job, which is to kill your old friend Leo. You'll then covertly (and quickly) run over to Leo's to warn him that Henry is coming. After speaking with Leo and convincing him that danger is coming, you'll be able to escape. Work your way around to the far end of the second floor by going the long way through the living room and parlor up there. You'll eventually come to an extremely small room with a basket full of bedding. Examine this basket, and Vito will pull out a sheet that he and Leo will use to escape from the second floor veranda onto the driveway below. Once down there, Leo and Vito will barely escape from Henry via a cutscene. You should then earn this trophy/achievement as you drive Leo to the train station.


slx/rhe Press/Friday' Odob~r 24-, 1QR6 THE PRESS EDITORIAL Student rights The 'Tupperware case,' a federal court trial now being deliberate~ il! Utica gives students a chance to finally de- mand their' rtghts. and not always accept unfair measures that the College tnes to impose on them. The case is called the 'Tupperware case' because it pits a cookware company with State University College at Cor- tland and SUNY Albany against the SUNY Board of Tru~~. . · The case has its beginnings in an October 1982 incident when a representative of The American Future Systems Inc. gave a presentation in a SUCC dorm. The representative was arrested by Public Safety officers and charged with loitering and solicitin~ without a permit. Later the rule was modified by SUNY to allow suclt ' presentation& only between the hours of 2 and 9 p.m. and with written permission The case was brought up by students against, the SUNY Board of Trustees to enhance their rights as students, rights that should be respected by everyone including the college. The Board of Trustees presently prohibits students from inv!ting anyone in their roo~s who could make money by sellmg a product or providing a service. Ray Franco, director of residence life, who is testifying for SUNY said it is in the best interests of the students for s.UNY to win the case. He said opening dorms to commer- Cial vendors would be \disruptive and in some ways ·dangerous\ to the atmosphere of the dorms .. A win by the students would iri no way prove to be \disruptive\ or \d A student victory would only increase student rights and allow the students to make their own choice as to who they want i.n their rooms. It's not as if the individuals who would be coming into the dorm would be d~ruptive; the dorm directors would still have the authority to enforce dorm policy on these individuals. There are many other residence life sanctioned activities that take pla~e in the dorms right now that can be very disruptive and potentially dangerous. The Assassination Game is one such activity that involves running afound at all hours of the day and night trying to tag another student. The College seems to feel that dorm residents don't have rights, just privileges it can abridge any time itdesires. It's time that students finally did something about their liberties which are being severely limited by college policy. ·THEP~S N()n Illegitimus Carborundum Theresa Howard EDITOR Bing Miller MANAGING EDITOR News Editors .... Virginia Martin and Danette Gilson Opinions.Editor .................... Carol Slattery Sports Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bob Velez Insider Editor ....................... Diane Iriarte Photography Editor .. , ................ Jill Steeley Photography Assistant ........ Kimm Schummacker Darkroom Manager ................. Lisa Sherman Associated Press Editor ................. Joan Ziff Business Manager ................. · Pattie Rodman Circulation Manager . , ..... ~ ......... Mark Chase Advertising Manager .. , ........... ,. Meg Sirianna Advertising Assistants , , .. .\ ....... , . . . Holly Mabe ,Ann Miller Michele Cooper Advisor ...... , ........ , ............ Jane Rhodes Print Shop Managers: · Terrence P. Brennan, Kira Silver bird Typesetting Staff: Amy Allen, Colleen Hamilton, Rhonda Hawes. Staff Reporters: Theresa Van V~en, Joan Ziff, Matthew DiTomasso, Bob Velez,· JoAnn Dewar, . Lee Ann Begleiter Maureen Joyce, Barbara Leo~bruno. The Press Room 111, Corey Union Cortland; N.Y. 13045 (6()7) 753;.1803, 2804; :i805 THE PRESS O,PINlON-S WE· HAVE NO MlLtTARQIN NICARAGUA. - PSSST:,,,, SHOU,PN'T weerv6-rurs PRlUATC &6CTOR A? PROMOTION, Is it ours or theirs ? By ART BUCHWALD For the past week I have been trying to find out who was responsible for the C-123 cargo plane that was shot down over Nicaragua. Everyone seems to be taking credit for it. The White House folks say that the Reagan Administration was involved. \We don't approve of airplanes that fly over Marxist countries we have diplomatic relations with, but we're always willing to make an exception. If we can't violate the laws of Congress to wage a secret war, then we have no right to call ourselves the White House.'' \Who helped you do the job?\ \The Abraham Lincoln Brigade. They fought on the Loyalist side durjng the Spanish Civil War and they were aching for action again. What gets you mad is that Maj. Gen. Singlaub says he did it all · with his mercenaries.'' \Who is Gen. Singlaub?\ \He runs the Club Med for the contras in El Salvador.'' I went ~o see Gen. Singlaub. ''Are yo~ in- volved with the plane that was downed in Nicaragua?\ \1 didn't know a plane had been shot down, but if there was, ·we'll take credit for it.\ \It was one of ours not one of theirs.\ \Yo~ mean o~e .of mine. No plane flies over Nicaragua without my permission.'' \Then the CIA had nothing to do with it?\ ''They always brag about being part of a covert operation whether they are or not.\ \M~ybe I should ask William Casey. His footprmts are all over 'Central America.\ When I called and asked for Casey, 1 was tol~ he wasn't there, \Where is he?\ 1 in- qmred, \He's on The Hill telling everyone that the CIA was up to its ears in monkey business in Managua. He's afraid someone else will get the points.\ \You would think he'd want to deny it since it is against the law.\ ' \Denying covert operations gets you nowhere. Besides, we subcontract most of our work in Central America, and if it leaked out that we didn't do our own illegal air drops the press might think we're up to no good.\' \In spite of whal you're telling me, I assume you do have a cover story denying any involvement in this?'' \Our cover story is that the pilot of the C-123, whom we didn't know, took off from Miami, which we've ne\'er heard of, on a crop-spraying flight to Green Bay, Wis. The plane ran into bad weather, and, to save fuel., .dumped all the guns and ammunition it was carrying over what he thought was Nashville. Unfortunately, some Alabama duck-hunters fired on the plane forcing it down over Nicaragua.'' \Is that the best the CIA can come up with?\ \It did sound better in the briefing room.\ \Everyone , claims responsibility for the C-123 plane, even Vice President George Bush.'' \He's always loved covert operations.\ I ~ailed. \Mr. Vice Pr~ident, it's being bandied about all over town that your office is h~ndling illegal arms smuggling to N1caragua.'' \I can't say no, and I can't say yes.\ \Why not?'• .\1 don't know· whether it's a plus or a mmus for my campaign.\ ','Why would the White House give you the assignment when it could inflict embarrass- ment on the office, challenge credibility, and cause you nolhing but grief and suffering?\ ''They owe me one.'' (c) 1986, Los Angeles Times Syndicate ~CK.,IJUST ST6PPet>fN SOME REAGAN PRESS · '· RELEAses,,, To the Editor: the Day• or who left eafly. As a result some students were My thanks go to students una~le, to gain needed infor- students, we request from students ~nd faculty the names and/or programs' of schoofs to be invited so that we may do so; at that time we will make very clear our ex-_ pectations with the accep- tance of that invitation. and faculty. for their support matton. of Oraduate School Day oil We will have another Oct. 6. · . graduate school day next However, I wish to state \ y~ar because we need to pro- my .-disappo.intment ·and \:_Ide Cortland students with frustration ~t~ ~?me ~f th~ . tlm':lY and appropriate infor- gr~duate ·-s~~~?l- ,repfesen- mahon ·on the graduate t~t1y~~~ ~h.o.·:._d~d , ,no~ . ~~~~ . school '~pplica;tion pro¢ess. · . the•r. :-!ZOffiltfl~tfiellt t~ .atten~ .... . Howeve_~ , ... to better serve Esther F. Doherty, Director Car~e.r PJanni.llg and Place- .· .~ ........ , ·.. . ment . . ~ . . ...... ,~~·· . ' .


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PipidaeTongueless Frogs
By Richard M. Lehtenin
The thirty species in the family Pipidae are found in tropical South America (Pipa) and sub-Saharan Africa (four other genera).
These frogs are exclusively aquatic and have numerous morphological modifications befitting their habitat. For example, the feet are completely webbed and a lateral line system is present. In addition, pipids possess highly modified ears and vocal structures for producing and receiving sound underwater. Pipids are also unique among known frogs in not having a tongue and possessing "claws" on one or more toes (not present in Pipa).
Pipids are relatively primitive frogs, most closely related to the Rhinophrynidae. Some primitive characteristics of pipids include inguinal amplexus and opisthocoelous vertebrae, however, many aspects of pipid morphology are seemingly derived for an aquatic lifestyle.
Some species of pipids have an elaborate courtship ritual that involves a variety of underwater acrobatics. In Pipa, the sticky eggs are taken by the male after deposition and pressed into the back of the female. The skin swells and envelopes the eggs, which remain embedded in the females back until hatching. In the other genera, eggs are deposited in ponds or other stagnant water bodies and the larvae are filter-feeding (with the exception of Hymenochirus, which have carnivorous larvae).
The fossil record for pipids is relatively good with twelve extinct species known. Six of these are placed in the extant genus Xenopus, the remainder in extinct genera. These fossils are known from Africa, South America, and Middle East back to the Lower Cretaceous.
Little is known about the conservation status of pipids, but amphibians in general are thought to be sensitive to changes in their environment (see AmphibiaWeb's declining amphibians page).
Duellman, W.M. and L. Trueb. 1984. Biology of the Amphibians.
Pough, F.H., R.M Andrews, J.E. Cadle, M.L. Crump, A.H. Savitzsky, K.D. Wells. 1998. Herpetology. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Frost, Darrel R. 2002. Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference. V2.21 (15 July 2002). Electronic database available at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html.
Richard M. Lehtenin (author).
animals which must use heat acquired from the environment and behavioral adaptations to regulate body temperature
A large change in the shape or structure of an animal that happens as the animal grows. In insects, "incomplete metamorphosis" is when young animals are similar to adults and change gradually into the adult form, and "complete metamorphosis" is when there is a profound change between larval and adult forms. Butterflies have complete metamorphosis, grasshoppers have incomplete metamorphosis.
Class Amphibia frogs, salamanders, and caecilians
Amphibia: information (1) Amphibia: pictures (648) Amphibia: specimens (13) Amphibia: sounds (20)
Family Pipidae Tongueless Frogs
Pipidae: information (1) Pipidae: pictures (9)
Species Pipa pipa
Pipa pipa: information (1) Pipa pipa: pictures (3)
Species Xenopus laevis African Clawed Frog
Xenopus laevis: information (1) Xenopus laevis: pictures (1)
To cite this page: Lehtenin, R. 2003. "Pipidae" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed January 18, 2020 at https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Pipidae/


Conceived in 1993 by ad guru Peter Clemenger as "a bold idea to cheer up a city that had lost its bid for a second Olympics", the Festival has since hosted some of the hottest chefs on the planet including Nigella Lawson, Jamie Oliver, Heston Blumenthal, Denmark's René Redzepi, Spain's Andoni Luis Aduriz and America's Thomas Keller.
Now attracting over a quarter of a million people, the 10-day not-for-profit event sees industry curate one-off experiences – which can manifest in collaborations with artists, musicians, scientists, visiting chefs, winemakers and farmers – and salutes the massive contribution the food and wine sector makes to Victoria's economic growth and visitor exposure.
It has expanded from 12 to over 200 events and is now a truly global phenomenon, earning praise in the likes of London's The Guardian, The Chicago Sun-Times and The New York Times.
Chair since 2003, John Haddad, dives deeper into some of the Festival's highlights.
The Festival has built international kudos, hasn't it?
Yes, it's consistently named within the top five food and wine festivals globally. Hosting 'The World's 50 Best Restaurant Awards' in Melbourne last year strengthened Victoria's reputation as a food and wine destination.
Name three top international chefs in 2018's line up?
From Kent, we'll be welcoming Stephen Harris, chef/owner of The Sportsman, voted National Restaurant of the Year 2017 for the second year running in Restaurant magazine; Matt Orlando from Copenhagen's Amass Restaurant – an internationally recognised leader in sustainability; and Shinobu Namae from the two Michelin-starred L'Effervescence in Tokyo.
How do you entice big names to fly out here?
We show them an amazing time while they're here, and that always helps attract more high-quality people. To date, 42 chefs have participated in the Festival as well as being featured on The World's 50 Best Restaurants list.
The Festival owns the naming rights for The World's Longest Lunch, and staged the first one back in 1992 at the MCG. This year's longest lunch in Melbourne will take place on the banks of the Maribyrnong, where 1700 diners will gather at a 500-metre long table for Indian, Italian, Vietnamese and Cambodian influenced dishes. What's the idea behind this world-first event?
The concept for it is 'the spectacle and experience' of dining with 1,000-plus diners on one continuous table. The location is always quintessentially Melbourne, so locations have included the St Kilda Esplanade, the door-step of Melbourne Museum, the Arts Centre, the National Gallery of Victoria, Treasury Gardens, Fawkner Park and Flemington. Local wine, shared food, celebrity chefs and visitors from all over the world complete the event. One of my favourites was staged in Carlton's Lygon Street – a wonderful setting to celebrate the contribution and influence of Italian migration on our hospitality industry. Also, the lunch on the Grand Prix straight garnered international media exposure for Victoria.
Around 40 per cent of the program is regional. One example: there are 24 Regional World's Longest Lunches taking place across the state from Ballarat to the Bass Coast. The diversity of soil, landscape and terrain creates a wonderful opportunity to showcase the range of wine style, agriculture and the stunning aesthetics as memorable backdrops to the food and wine experience.
'Community'. It's reflective of the times, with events celebrating neighbourhood produce (The Community Farm in Seddon and LA's gangster gardener Ron Finley at Theatre of Ideas), multiculturalism (World's Longest Lunch in Maribyrnong) plus mindful and sustainable farming (Victoria & The World Tasting Room). Also, this year we have a cutting-edge program with ZeroFoodprint – an international restaurant community committed to fighting climate change – and will host dinners and a session on Sustainability at Theatre of Ideas.
What do you love most about your role as chair?
The hospitality sector, by and large, is made up of small-to-medium businesses, including many families who have enormous resilience and energy. That, in turn, motivates me to support them. It's a very busy role, but I find it stimulating and rewarding.
Biggest food and wine trends seen at the Festival over the years? And trends hitting the radar in 2018?
Through international and local chefs presenting at MasterClass, the Festival has ridden the rollercoaster of food trends from haute cuisine degustation menus by the late Charlie Trotter in 1997, to the primal allure of cooking over bare flames with David Chang at Fire MasterClass in 2012, to making food float by Grant Achatz in 2017.
At Theatre of Ideas, the enduring conversation over the past five years has been: "how will we feed ourselves in years to come?" With presenters such as Magnus Nilsson (head chef at Sweden's Fäviken) and Dan Barber (chef and co-owner of Manhattan's Blue Hill and Blue Hill at Stone Barns in New York's Pocantico Hills) offering alternative thinking on farming, cooking and dining.
Locally, Melbourne (and Victoria) continues to be a world leader setting benchmarks for fine dining, casual drinking and everything in between. The emergence of the use of native ingredients at many leading restaurants, such as Attica, Vue de Monde and Brae, is incredibly exciting and I look forward to it becoming the norm rather than a trend. Also, some say 3D printing is the future of food – I'm not sure I'm ready for that!
"A dinner at the institution that is Donovans on the St Kilda foreshore, where we devoured endless seafood and to finish, hand churned vanilla ice-cream."


OneTrue are recruiting for a committed Social Worker to work full time within The Children's Assessment Team based in Oxfordshire. The ideal applicant will have previous experience working in the same or a similar service, be very dedicated, personable and willing to contribute positively to the team and service to ensure the best and most appropriate outcomes are delivered. Applicants must have previous experience working with UK statutory services and hold valid HCPC registration.
The pay rate for this Social Worker role is £27.50 to £36.00 + (Umbrella Company) per hour and is an ongoing contract.
* Carry out thorough and high quality assessments for children and young people and their families with the aim of clearly and promptly identifying levels of need, priority, risk and services required.
* Work with children and families in a way that promotes family strengths and independence, helping them clarify and express their needs and make informed choices and decisions to contribute to service planning.
* Evaluate and analyse levels of risk for children and young people under the consultation and guidance from other social workers, senior practitioners and managers when appropriate.
* Maintain up to date and accurate case records and produce concise, comprehensive written assessments and reports for child protection conferences, planning meetings, court hearings etc.
* Investigate alleged child abuse and neglect, work jointly with the Police and other partner agencies where appropriate and in accordance with safeguarding and child protection procedures.
* Work with other specialist colleagues, including those from other agencies and community resources, to achieve the best outcomes for children and families ensuring support is accessed in their localities wherever possible.
* Take responsibility for cases until they are transferred, closed or referred to another agency or service.
* Represent the service in multi-agency forums and locality working.
* Fully participate in learning opportunities and keep up to date with developments and research in social work practice.
* Keep up to date with and comply with relevant legislation, Oxfordshire Safeguarding policies and procedures and the standards set out in the social work code of practice.
* Supervise or mentor students, newly qualified social workers or support staff as required.


Reading birth stories in a wonderful way to prepare for your baby's arrivals. Labor can be easier when you understand what you are getting yourself into! Positive birth stories can inspire you to have a better birth experience and realize that it IS possible to have a beautiful childbirth.
This is the second story in our Birth Stories Blog Series to be featured here at Birth Eat Love. This story comes from mom of 2, Suzzie Vehrs. She writes at More Giggling Moments. This is such an inspiring birth story!
If you are a Mom who may have a had previous difficult birth, and are hoping for a better experience this time around, this is a must read story.
Want a water birth? Considering a vbac at home? This story will really encourage you as to what is possible!
Suzzie was so kind to include pictures of her beautiful birth too!
I had so much fun birthing my daughter Hazel. It was an incredibly powerful experience. One that will stay with me my whole life.
I almost didn't want to write it down because it is impossible to capture with words the feelings and experiences that were her birth. It was the most powerful experience of my life. Intense, intimate, sacred, emotional, painful, not painful, full of union as myself, Hazel, Zac (my husband) and my birth team all worked together. I've never felt so supported in my entire life.
I had had many dreams of Hazel's birth during pregnancy. I'd often spend some time in the evenings talking with her, sharing a favorite memory of the day, something I thought she would enjoy on earth and preparing her for what birth would be like. I think having her in my mind and heart daily helped us form a special relationship.
By the time I was in labor, I knew my child. I already knew the feeling of her being next to me and could see her in my mind. It was a great comfort when things felt challenging and I wasn't sure if I could do it. It was a surprise when I first held her that she looked exactly like I had dreamed, with dark hair and dark eyes.
My first birth was a very difficult experience physically and emotionally. One that broke my spirit and left me with a lot of recovery work to do. My water broke, there was a cascade of interventions, a clock I was laboring against and very little support ending in a c section.
From the beginning of this second pregnancy, I knew I had to create a different experience or else I might not survive, physically or emotionally.
As soon as I found out I was pregnant this time, I found both a midwife and a doula who would support me in a home birth. I had no desire to go near the uncertainties of a hospital in such a vulnerable and important time again. Because of my midwife's advice, I also rented a birth tub so that I could labor and birth in the water. I was SO glad I did this.
My mom came to help me a couple days after my due date, but I still had not had the baby. When she only had 2 more days before returning home, and I was 40 + 6, I decided to have my membranes stripped. It didn't seem like anything happened. The next morning I sent my mom across the city to go spend some time at her temple and my husband left for a full day of work.
I had a doctors appointment to go to at 9. Around 7 AM I started to feel some mild cramping, by 8 I was timing contractions and by 8:30 I called my midwife to tell her that I was having contractions about 5 min apart and no way could I drive. They were much to intense and needed my focus. Baby was coming today!
By 9 I was slightly panicked, as I had planned on having a long early labor to set up the house, and I had sent my birth team off for the morning. Contractions were already demanding my attention and I never had time to do the prep things for the birth I was saving for early labor.
I made a quick call to my doula who said she'd be there in a couple hours and rang a friend to come help me until the troops arrived.
From here things progressed rather quickly for a while.
My doula arrived, the birth tub was delivered and set up, I got in the warm water and it felt so good. Zac, my husband, cancelled the rest of his appointments and came home for the day. I was mostly enjoying being in labor at this point. Talking, laughing between contractions and very much enjoying actually getting to labor unlike the first time.
Soon my midwife, Brandy, came. I said I had to poop and everyone got really excited, as if the baby was almost there. Did I need to poop or was I getting ready to push? Turns out, I did have to poop, and was not having the baby yet. I was about 7 cm though.
When my mom got back, she brought my daughter in for a visit. Zoe hoped in the tub with me and we blew bubbles in the water and listened to the song "I'm coming out" from the Trolls soundtrack. I was about 7 cm in this picture.
But then labor stalled. Hazel had been posterior most of pregnancy, only turning the right way with lots of coaxing and bodywork on my end and always flipping right back if I laid down.
When I got out of the tub to use the bathroom and after they checked me, she turned back to being posterior. At this point, I started to have back labor and things got more uncomfortable.
The best help through these contractions was to be on all fours and have my husband literally sit on my low back. I could push against him and get tons of counter pressure and relief. Back labor wasn't too bad when we were doing this.
However, my midwife wanted to try to spin the baby into a better position for birth. It was not fun doing the miles circuit and other positioning things at all.
This is when I started to feel discouraged and glad I was not in the hospital. If I was, I definitely would have asked for an epidural. Partly because contractions hurt, but also because it was hard to see the progress. The end was not in sight. I kept remembering how I never dilated past a 3 the first time. I started doubting if I could open enough to let a baby through.
At some point, labor slowed enough that I was able to take a nap for about 30 minutes and recoup some of my energy.
After a while with no success in turning the baby, my midwife examined me and we decided we would birth Hazel posterior and stop trying to re-position her.
I went for a walk with my husband (putting my hands behind my head like a runner while doing this gave a lot of relief as well).
When I returned, Brandy broke my waters and it got really intense. I immediately entered transition. This was so painful, but couldn't have lasted more than a few minutes.
Honestly, I can't really judge time at this point, it was as if I exited my body I was so far in labor land. I remember groaning, making weird noises and my midwife and doula helping me direct my energy down. Just holding eye contact with my husband during the crazy transition contractions was so powerful. His steadiness helped me remember I was safe, even though I felt scared and out of control.
I think I entered the pushing phase in just 3 contractions.
This was my favorite part of labor.
It was dark outside, we had only dim lights in the bedroom, Ed Sheeran was playing quietly in the background. It was quiet and peaceful as everyone stood by to support me but mainly just watched me do my thing.
It was incredible how my body pushed. It was as if the contractions guided me, if I pushed with just the right amount of pressure and direction it nearly entirely counter acted the pain of the contraction.
My midwife would remind me to take my break after contractions if I forgot and I'd lean back in the birth tub and rest my head on Zac's hands. As he stroked my hair, I felt so supported, loved and excited. Sometimes I would notice my midwife listening to the babies heartbeat, but mostly I was in labor land thinking only of my daughter and how she was coming now.
At one point Brandy told me to reach inside myself and feel baby. This moment was surreal as I literally felt how close she was to being here.
I pushed for about an hour. It was hard work, but not painful, not even when she crowned. She came out sideways with her hand above her head and was 10 pounds 2 ounces.
Brandy told me that when she reached down to support Hazel as she was emerging, Hazel grabbed onto her finger.
Next thing I knew Brandy guided Hazel through the water straight to my arms. "Pat her back," she whispered and Hazel took her first breath in my arms while staring up at me.
After a few minutes, I moved back into the bed to deliver the placenta and have a stitch put in for a minor tear. All this time I held Hazel and let her nurse. I was in heaven.
Every ounce of energy in every cell of my body seemed to have been used as I birthed her, but I felt incredible.
Suzzie Vehrs is an author, aromatherapists and birth advocate. She believes that through birth women are called to embody their strongest most capable self. If you want to feel completely empowered in your birth, check out her book Divine Birth.
Love birth stories? Check out this post with over 30+ positive birth stories, including hospital birth stories, water birth stories and home birth stories.
Find our BEST resources for having a healthy pregnancy here!
Make sure to grab your free birth affirmation printable by signing up for our email list below!
Download your free printable birth affirmations to help keep your mind focused during pregnancy and childbirth. Birth Affirmations are a great tool to help YOU achieve a natural childbirth.
Healthy Pregnancy birth, birth story, childbirth preparation, motherhood, natural childbirth. permalink.


text:
Q: My nginx can find the file it has, return 404 response I realize that my nginx server can't find the file it has
with this link
http://i-health.cc/wp-content/themes/Avada/framework/plugins/LayerSlider/js/jquery-easing-1.3.js
but if I change the file name to jquery-easing-1.3-x.js and I can see the file?
is that some rewrite mechanism affect this?
I'm using Varnish+nginx+php-fpm+wordpress with this settings:
http://calendar.perfplanet.com/2012/using-nginx-php-fpmapc-and-varnish-to-make-wordpress-websites-fly/
Can anybody tell me what should I do to make it work?
Tks
my nginx conf:
server {
# Default server block blacklisting all unconfigured access
listen [::]:8080 default_server;
server_name _;
return 444;}
server {
# Configure the domain that will run WordPress
server_name i-health.cc;
listen [::]:8080 deferred;
port_in_redirect off;
server_tokens off;
autoindex off;

client_max_body_size 15m;
client_body_buffer_size 128k;

# WordPress needs to be in the webroot of /var/www/ in this case
root /var/www/html;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?q=$uri&$args;

# Define default caching of 24h
expires 86400s;
add_header Pragma public;
add_header Cache-Control "max-age=86400, public, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate";

# deliver a static 404
error_page 404 /404.html;
location  /404.html {
    internal;
}

# Deliver 404 instead of 403 "Forbidden"
error_page 403 = 404;

# Do not allow access to files giving away your WordPress version
location ~ /(\.|wp-config.php|readme.html|licence.txt) {
    return 404;
}

# Add trailing slash to */wp-admin requests.
rewrite /wp-admin$ $scheme://$host$uri/ permanent;

# Don't log robots.txt requests
location = /robots.txt {
    allow all;
    log_not_found off;
    access_log off;
}

# Rewrite for versioned CSS+JS via filemtime
location ~* ^.+\.(css|js)$ {
    rewrite ^(.+)\.(\d+)\.(css|js)$ $1.$3 last;
    expires 31536000s;
    access_log off;
    log_not_found off;
    add_header Pragma public;
    add_header Cache-Control "max-age=31536000, public";
}

# Aggressive caching for static files
# If you alter static files often, please use
# add_header Cache-Control "max-age=31536000, public, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate";
location ~* \.(asf|asx|wax|wmv|wmx|avi|bmp|class|divx|doc|docx|eot|exe|gif|gz|gzip|ico|jpg|jpeg|jpe|mdb|mid|midi|mov|qt|mp3|m4a|mp4|m4v|mpeg|mpg|mpe|mpp|odb|odc|odf|odg|odp|ods|odt|ogg|ogv|otf|pdf|png|pot|pps|ppt|pptx|ra|ram|svg|svgz|swf|tar|t?gz|tif|tiff|ttf|wav|webm|wma|woff|wri|xla|xls|xlsx|xlt|xlw|zip)$ {
    expires 31536000s;
    access_log off;
    log_not_found off;
    add_header Pragma public;
    add_header Cache-Control "max-age=31536000, public";
}

# pass PHP scripts to Fastcgi listening on Unix socket
# Do not process them if inside WP uploads directory
# If using Multisite or a custom uploads directory,
# please set the */uploads/* directory in the regex below*/
location ~* (^(?!(?:(?!(php|inc)).)*/uploads/).*?(php)) {
    try_files $uri = 404;
    fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+.php)(.*)$;
    fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.socket;
    fastcgi_index index.php;
    fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
    include fastcgi_params;
    fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
    fastcgi_ignore_client_abort off;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 60;
    fastcgi_send_timeout 180;
    fastcgi_read_timeout 180;
    fastcgi_buffer_size 128k;
    fastcgi_buffers 4 256k;
    fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k;
    fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k;
}

# Deny access to hidden files
location ~ /\. {
    deny all;
    access_log off;
    log_not_found off;
}
rewrite ^/sitemap_index\.xml$ /index.php?sitemap=1 last;
rewrite ^/([^/]+?)-sitemap([0-9]+)?\.xml$ /index.php?sitemap=$1&sitemap_n=$2 last;

}

# Redirect all www. queries to non-www
# Change in case your site is to be available at "www.yourdomain.tld"
server {
    listen [::]:8080;
    server_name www.i-health.cc;
    rewrite ^ $scheme://i-health.cc$request_uri? permanent;
}

varnish conf:
backend default {
    .host = "127.0.0.1";
    .port = "8080";
    .connect_timeout = 10s;
    .first_byte_timeout = 30s;
    .between_bytes_timeout = 1s;
}

# Only allow purging from specific IPs
acl purge {
    "localhost";
    "127.0.0.1";
}

sub vcl_recv {
if (req.http.Accept-Encoding) {
    if (req.http.Accept-Encoding ~ "gzip") {
        # If the browser supports it, we'll use gzip.
        set req.http.Accept-Encoding = "gzip";
    }
    else if (req.http.Accept-Encoding ~ "deflate") {
        # Next, try deflate if it is supported.
        set req.http.Accept-Encoding = "deflate";
    }
    else {
        # Unknown algorithm. Remove it and send unencoded.
         unset req.http.Accept-Encoding;
    }
}

# Set client IP
if (req.http.x-forwarded-for) {
    set req.http.X-Forwarded-For = req.http.X-Forwarded-For + ", " + client.ip;
} else {
    set req.http.X-Forwarded-For = client.ip;
}

# Check if we may purge (only localhost)
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
    if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
        error 405 "Not allowed.";
    }
    ban("req.url ~ "+req.url);
    error 200 "Purged";
}

if (req.request != "GET" &&
    req.request != "HEAD" &&
    req.request != "PUT" &&
    req.request != "POST" &&
    req.request != "TRACE" &&
    req.request != "OPTIONS" &&
    req.request != "DELETE") {
        # /* Non-RFC2616 or CONNECT which is weird. */
        return (pipe);
}

if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
    # /* We only deal with GET and HEAD by default */
    return (pass);
}

# admin users always miss the cache
if( req.url ~ "^/wp-(login|admin)" ||
    req.http.Cookie ~ "wordpress_logged_in_" ){
        return (pass);
}

# Remove cookies set by Google Analytics (pattern: '__utmABC')
if (req.http.Cookie) {
    set req.http.Cookie = regsuball(req.http.Cookie,
        "(^|; ) *__utm.=[^;]+;? *", "\1");
    if (req.http.Cookie == "") {
        remove req.http.Cookie;
    }
}
# always pass through POST requests and those with basic auth
if (req.http.Authorization || req.request == "POST") {
    return (pass);
}

# Do not cache these paths
if (req.url ~ "^/wp-cron\.php$" ||
    req.url ~ "^/xmlrpc\.php$" ||
    req.url ~ "^/wp-admin/.*$" ||
    req.url ~ "^/wp-includes/.*$" ||
    req.url ~ "\?s=") {
        return (pass);
}

# Define the default grace period to serve cached content
set req.grace = 30s;

# By ignoring any other cookies, it is now ok to get a page
 unset req.http.Cookie;
return (lookup);
}

sub vcl_fetch {
# remove some headers we never want to see
unset beresp.http.Server;
unset beresp.http.X-Powered-By;

# only allow cookies to be set if we're in admin area
if( beresp.http.Set-Cookie && req.url !~ "^/wp-(login|admin)" ){
    unset beresp.http.Set-Cookie;
}

# don't cache response to posted requests or those with basic auth
if ( req.request == "POST" || req.http.Authorization ) {
    return (hit_for_pass);
}

# don't cache search results
if( req.url ~ "\?s=" ){
    return (hit_for_pass);
}

# only cache status ok
if ( beresp.status != 200 ) {
    return (hit_for_pass);
}

# If our backend returns 5xx status this will reset the grace time
#  set in vcl_recv so that cached content will be served and
#  the unhealthy backend will not be hammered by requests
if (beresp.status == 500) { set beresp.grace = 60s;
    return (restart);
}

# GZip the cached content if possible
if (beresp.http.content-type ~ "text") {
    set beresp.do_gzip = true;
}

# if nothing abovce matched it is now ok to cache the response
set beresp.ttl = 24h;
return (deliver);
}

sub vcl_deliver {
# remove some headers added by varnish
unset resp.http.Via;
unset resp.http.X-Varnish;
}

sub vcl_hit {
# Set up invalidation of the cache so purging gets done properly
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
 purge;
    error 200 "Purged.";
}
return (deliver);
}

sub vcl_miss {
# Set up invalidation of the cache so purging gets done properly
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
    purge;
    error 200 "Purged.";
}
return (fetch);
}

sub vcl_error {
if (obj.status == 503) {
            # set obj.http.location = req.http.Location;
            set obj.status = 404;
    set obj.response = "Not Found";
            return (deliver);
}
}

and here's the nginx error message
2013/08/05 10:20:13 [error] 3050#0: *7 open() "/var/www/html/404.html" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 54.239.129.205, server: i-health.cc, request: "GET /wp-content/themes/Avada/framework/plugins/LayerSlider/js/jquery-easing-1.3.js HTTP/1.1", host: "i-health.cc"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Josef Kihlberg staplers carry a 2 year extended warranty against defects in materials or workmanship backed by Salco's in-house parts and service department. We service and repair the tools we sell, providing our customers parts, repair kits, in-house repairs, and technical assistance. Call us 877-463-2531 (8 am- 5 pm EST, Mon - Fri).
Salco offer JK brand parts for Josef Kihlberg staplers we sell, including stapling heads and repair kits.
Please, login to your account and use Quick Order Form to place your order. See the part Item No. in the tool schematics below.
Go to Quick Order Form page and enter your part and quantity into the form online, then click "Add Items".
Your part will be added to the shopping cart. Complete the order through the check-out process.
We have $10 Min Requirements for parts order.


I moved your question to the correct forum (this is not a question regarding the communication library ). Anyway check out the motor example and check out the official documentation found here. Hope this answers your question.


Kevin Lepak, LEED AP BD&C, of Warners, NY, recently joined us as a designer. He has over 10 years of experience in the field of architectural design. Kevin is LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) accredited with a specialty in Building, Design & Construction and is a member of the Golden Key International Honour Society, the world's largest collegiate honor society. Prior to joining our team, Kevin worked for other local architecture and engineering firms.