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Home All issues Volume 580 (August 2015) A&A, 580 (2015) A51 Full HTML
Volume 580, August 2015
Interstellar and circumstellar matter
4. Summary and ...
The southern molecular environment of SNR G18.8+0.3⋆
S. Paron1,2,3, M. Celis Peña1, M. E. Ortega1, A. Petriella1,3, M. Rubio4, G. Dubner1 and E. Giacani1,2
1 Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE), CC 67, Suc. 28, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
e-mail: sparon@iafe.uba.ar
2 FADU − Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428 EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
3 CBC − Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, 1053 Buenos Aires, Argentina
4 Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 36-D, Santiago, Chile
Received: 8 May 2015
Accepted: 3 July 2015
Aims. In a previous paper we investigated the molecular environment toward the eastern border of the supernova remnant (SNR) G18.8+0.3. Continuing with the study of the surroundings of this SNR, we now focus on its southern border, which in the radio continuum emission shows a very peculiar morphology with a corrugated corner and a very flattened southern flank.
Methods. We observed two regions toward the south of SNR G18.8+0.3 using the Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment (ASTE) in the 12CO J = 3−2. One of these regions was also surveyed in 13CO and C18O J = 3−2. The angular and spectral resolution of these observations were 22′′ and 0.11 km s-1. We compared the CO emission to 20 cm radio continuum maps obtained as part of the Multi-Array Galactic Plane Imaging Survey (MAGPIS) and 870 μm dust emission extracted from the APEX Telescope Large Area Survey of the Galaxy.
Results. We discovered a molecular feature with a good morphological correspondence with the SNR's southernmost corner. In particular, there are indentations in the radio continuum map that are complemented by protrusions in the molecular CO image, strongly suggesting that the SNR shock is interacting with a molecular cloud. Toward this region we find that the 12CO peak is not correlated with the observed 13CO peaks, which are likely to be related to a nearby Hii region. Regarding the most flattened border of SNR G18.8+0.3, where an interaction of the SNR with dense material was previously suggested, our 12CO J = 3−2 map shows no obvious indication that this is occurring.
Key words: ISM: clouds / ISM: supernova remnants / Hiiregions
The data cubes are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/580/A51
The investigation of the surroundings of supernova remnants (SNRs) can provide useful information for a wide range of research fields, such as the physical and chemical changes induced by the passage of a shock wave, dust production and destruction, the possibility of triggering stellar formation, and production of high-energy gamma rays. Multiwavelength studies are required to explore these effects.
With its peculiar shape with flattened borders along the east and south, it has been suggested that the SNR G18.8+0.3 is interacting with dense molecular gas in these directions (Dubner et al. 1999, 2004; Tian et al. 2007). Paron et al. (2012; hereafter Paper I) investigated the molecular gas toward the eastern border of the SNR G18.8+0.3. They found a dense molecular clump close to the shock front of the SNR but not in contact with it, containing a complex of Hii regions and massive young stellar objects (YSOs) that are deeply embedded. This region is indicated in Fig. 1 as "Eastern Clump". Figure 1 shows the SNR G18.8+0.3 in radio continuum at 20 cm as extracted from the MAGPIS Helfand et al. (2006; in blue) and its surroundings as seen at the 870 μm emission extracted from the ATLASGAL Beuther et al. (2012; in green). Southwards of the SNR, where the molecular cloud appears to be in contact with SNR shock front (see Fig. 1 in Paper I), there are a few Hii regions and submillimeter dust compact sources, making this region an interesting target for studying the interplay of the SNR shock front, surrounding molecular gas, and Hii regions.
Using molecular lines we investigate two regions toward the south of SNR G18.8+0.3; Reg. 1 and the subregion Reg. 1b, were selected to investigate the possible causes of the peculiar morphology of the SNR southernmost "corner" and the molecular gas toward the Hii region G018.630+0.309 (Anderson et al. 2011), and the ATLASGAL source 018.626+00.297 (Urquhart et al. 2014), while Reg. 2 was chosen to investigate the molecular environment toward the most flattened border of the SNR where originally it was suggested that there is an interaction with a dense cloud (Dubner et al. 1999). As in Paper I, here we assume a distance of 14 ± 1 kpc for SNR G18.8+0.3. For the Hii region G018.630+0.309, Anderson et al. (2012) could not resolve the distance ambiguity between 1.5 and 14.7 kpc.
Two-color image of the SNR G18.8+0.3 and its surroundings. The radio continuum emission at 20 cm (from MAGPIS) is displayed in blue (right color bar) and the ATLASGAL emission at 870 μm in green (left color bar). Both color ranges are in Jy beam-1. The surveyed regions in the molecular lines using ASTE are indicated.
The observations of the molecular lines were carried out between September 7 and 13, 2013 with the 10 m Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment (ASTE; Ezawa et al. 2004). We used the CATS345 receiver, which is a two-single band SIS receiver remotely tunable in the LO frequency range of 324−372 GHz. The surveyed regions are shown in Fig. 1 and summarized in Table 1. The observations were performed in position-switching mode, and the mapping grid spacing was 20′′ in all cases. The 12CO J = 3−2 line (345.796 GHz) was observed towars Regs. 1 and 2. In Reg. 1b, we also observed C18O J = 3−2 (329.330 GHz), and 13CO J = 3−2 (330.587 GHz). The integration time was 20 s for the 12CO and 50 s for the other molecular lines in each pointing.
Surveyed regions using ASTE.
We used the XF digital spectrometer with bandwidth and spectral resolution set to 128 MHz and 125 kHz, respectively. The velocity resolution was 0.11 km s-1, the half-power beamwidth (HPBW) 22′′, and the main beam efficiency ηmb ~ 0.65. The spectra were Hanning-smoothed to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and only linear or some second-order polynomia were used for baseline fitting. The data were reduced with NEWSTAR1, and the spectra processed using the XSpec software package2.
3.1. Regions 1 and 1b
In Reg. 1, 12CO J = 3−2 emission is detected at velocities between 5 and 30 km s-1, very much like what was observed in the eastern region (Paper I). The emission integrated over the mentioned velocity range is displayed as contours over a two-color image showing the 20 cm and 870 μm continuum images in Fig. 2. Important is that the boundaries of the radio continuum emission from the SNR and the 12CO emission from the molecular cloud show several common features, strongly suggesting that the shock front is interacting with the cloud. In particular, the most noticeable indentations on the border of the SNR are complemented by protrusions in the molecular cloud. In addition, toward the south the contour at 56 K km s-1 of the 12CO emission has a peculiar curvature apparently coinciding with the Hii region G018.630+0.309, suggesting that this object is also associated with the molecular structure.
Two-color image toward Reg. 1 with the radio continuum emission at 20 cm (from MAGPIS) displayed in blue (right color bar) and the ATLASGAL emission at 870 μm in green (left color bar). Both color ranges are in Jy beam-1. The 12CO J = 3−2 emission integrated between 5 and 30 km s-1 is presented in contours with levels of 32, 42, 56, and 68 K km s-1. The beam of the molecular observations is shown in the top right corner. The positions of the Hii region G018.630+0.309 and the compact dust source ATLASGAL 018.626+00.297 are indicated.
Figure 3 displays the 13CO J = 3−2 emission integrated between 15 and 26 km s-1 toward Reg. 1b in white contours. For context, the 56 and 68 K km s-1 contours of the 12CO emission shown in Fig. 2 are also shown in Fig. 3 (yellow dashed contours). The 13CO emission reveals a molecular feature composed of two clumps that partially surrounds the Hii region G018.630+0.309. One of these clumps, the southernmost one, exactly overlaps the source ATLASGAL 018.626+00.297. Curiously the most intense emission of the 12CO is not correlated with the 13CO peaks. For the C18O J = 3−2 line, we only detect emission (a single spectrum) over the maximum of the ATLASGAL source, implying that this is the region with highest density.
Two-color image toward Reg. 1b with the radio continuum emission at 20 cm (from MAGPIS) displayed in blue and the ATLASGAL emission at 870 μm in green. The color ranges are the same as in Fig. 2. For context, the box of Reg. 1 and the 56, and 68 K km s-1 contours (in dashed yellow line) of the 12CO emission presented in Fig. 2 are also shown. Contours of the 13CO J = 3−2 emission integrated between 15 and 26 km s-1 are shown in white, with levels of 12.0, 15.0, 16.5, and 20.0 K km s-1. The beam of the molecular observations is shown in the top right corner.
To discuss the molecular gas in Regs. 1 and 1b, we denote the structure delimited by the 56 K km s-1 contour (the dashed yellow contour in Fig. 3) as the "12CO-clump". The feature delimited by a circle of 25′′ in radius centered on the northern maximum in the 13CO emission is designated as the "13CO-clumpN" and the southern 13CO clump delimited by the 16.5 K km s-1 contour as the "13CO-clumpS" (see Fig. 3). We estimated the mass of these features by applying a variety of methods: by assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE), from the CO luminosity (in the case of the 12CO-clump), from the thermal dust emission at 870 μm (in the case of the 13CO-clumpS), and from the virial theorem.
To obtain the LTE mass, we followed the procedures described in Paper I to estimate the column densities of N(12CO) and N(13CO). Table 2 presents the derived and used parameters to do that. The column density values represent the total column density as obtained from summation over all beam positions belonging to each molecular structure described above. To obtain the mass from the CO luminosity, we used (e.g., Bertsch et al. 1993): N(H2) = 2 × 1020W(12CO) to estimate N(H2), where W(12CO) is the velocity-integrated 12CO emission throughout the 12CO-clump structure. Finally, once the total N(H2) has been obtained, either from the LTE approximation or from the CO luminosity, the mass was derived using M = μmHd2 Ω N(H2), where Ω is the solid angle subtended by the beam size, mH the hydrogen mass, d the distance, μ the mean molecular weight, assumed to be 2.8 by taking a relative helium abundance of 25% into account.
Assuming that the 13CO-clumpS is related to the ATLASGAL source 018.626+00.297, we estimated its mass from the thermal dust emission at 870 μm following the procedure presented in Csengeri et al. (2014). We used an integrated flux of Sint = 3.31 Jy (Urquhart et al. 2014) and assumed a typical dust temperature of Td = 15 K.
Finally, the virial mass of the three molecular structures was derived from the relation: (1)where G, Rclump, and Δv are the gravitational constant, the clump radius (assuming a spherical geometry), and the line width, respectively. Following Saito et al. (2007), we defined the clump radius as the deconvolved radius calculated from , where S is the area inside the clump. The velocity width Δv was derived through a Gaussian fitting to the averaged spectrum obtained for the molecular features. The deconvolved radius (Rclump) are 2.95, 1.52, and 1.05 pc, and the Δv = 7.05, 3.80, and 5.10 km s-1 for the 12CO-clump, 13CO-clumpN, and 13CO-clumpS, respectively. All mass results are presented in Table 3.
Used and derived parameters for the LTE mass.
Mass values.
The only case in which the virial mass differs considerably from the mass obtained by other methods is for the 12CO-clump. For this feature, the virial mass is almost an order of magnitude higher than the LTE and CO luminosity-based estimates of the mass. This suggests that this feature is not gravitationally bound.
As a working hypothesis we assume that the 12CO-clump is a small molecular feature supported by external pressure. The external pressure (Pext) required for the 12CO clump to remain bound, can be roughly evaluated from the following expression of the virial theorem (e.g., Kawamura et al. 1998): (2)where (3)Using a mean value between MLTE and MCO lum. for the mass, we found that a Pext/kB ~ 1.4 × 106 cm-3 K, with kB the Boltzmann constant, is required to keep the 12CO-clump bound. This value is at least one order of magnitude greater than the external pressures calculated in Kawamura et al. (1998) for a sample of clouds, where it is considered that the pressure is produced by the surrounding diffuse ambient gas. Thus, if this clump is supported by external pressure, it is required a pressure source, which in the present context is likely to be the SNR shocks running into the outer layers of the molecular gas. The derived Pext/kB is very similar to the pressure obtained toward a region associated with the face-on shock in the Vela SNR using FUSE observations (Sankrit et al. 2001), and this provides further support to our hypothesis that a SNR shock front contributes to maintaining the observed 12CO-clump as bound.
Finally we perform a SED analysis of the IR counterpart of Hii region G018.630+0.30, the WISE source J182348.08-123316.1 (Cutri & et al. 2013; Wright et al. 2010). The fitting of the SED was done using the tool developed by Robitaille et al. (2007)3 that considers the fluxes at the WISE 3.4, 4.6, 12, and 22 μm bands, an Av between 14 and 50 mag (see Paper I) and a distance range of 13–15 kpc. The SED results show that the source is indeed a young massive star (age ~105 yrs and mass ~12 M⊙), suggesting that its formation should be approximately coeval with the SN explosion. If the SED is performed using the near distance (a range 1–3 kpc), we find that the source should have a lower mass (about 3 M⊙), which would be unable to ionize the gas and generate an Hii region. This is an indirect confirmation that the Hii region are located at the farther distance, in turn suggesting that it should be embedded in the molecular cloud southward of the SNR.
3.2. Region 2
The 12CO emission from this region is significantly weaker than was detected toward Reg. 1. By integrating the 12CO J = 3−2 emission between 15 and 30 km s-1 (see Fig. 4 upper), which is the whole velocity range where there is emission, we do not find any conspicuous morphological correspondence between the molecular gas and the most flattened border of the SNR, which might suggest some kind of interaction. To appreciate the behavior of the molecular gas in this region in more detail, we present the 12CO emission in a series of channel maps integrated in steps of 2 km s-1 at the bottom of Fig. 4. It can be seen that the molecular gas has a very clumpy distribution not only on the plane of the sky but also along the line of sight. The 12CO emission shown in the three first panels in Fig. 4 (bottom) may correspond to gas located in front (along the line of sight) of the SNR G18.9+0.3, while the emission displayed in the remaining panels would suggest a correspondence between the SNR and the molecular gas (see mainly the small clump toward the west in panel 24.5 and 26.5 km s-1). We note that the molecular emission toward the bottom lefthand corner of the surveyed region, mainly at 22.5 km s-1, should belong to the upper righthand border of the structure analyzed in Reg. 1. Thus, even though the gas distribution in the last panels of Fig. 4 (bottom) may suggest a correspondence between the SNR and the molecular gas, these results allow us to conclude that the unusual flattened border of SNR G18.8+0.3 must have some physical origin other than interaction with dense environmental gas.
Upper: 12CO J = 3−2 emission integrated between 15 and 30 km s-1, with levels of 14, 18, and 28 K km s-1 (white contours) toward Reg. 2. The color ranges are the same as in Fig. 2. Bottom: channel maps of the 12CO J = 3−2 emission (red with white contours) integrated in steps of 2 km s-1. The contours levels are 2.5, 4.0, and 6.0 K km s-1.
4. Summary and concluding remarks
We report the analysis of the molecular gas toward the southern environment of the SNR G18.8+0.3 using ASTE observations. We surveyed two regions, one toward the SNR's southernmost "corner", which in addition harbors the Hii region G018.630+0.309, and a second one toward the most flattened border of the SNR. The main results can be summarized as follows.
In the first region, namedReg. 1/Reg. 1b, we discovered amolecular feature with a good morphological correspondencewith the SNR southernmost corner, where the indentations in themorphology of the SNR radio continuum emission arecomplemented by protrusions in the molecular cloud, stronglysuggesting a SNR-molecular cloud interaction. Additionally,analyzing this molecular cloud with the 13CO J = 3−2 line, we found a molecular feature composed of two clumps that are not correlated to the 12CO peak, which partially surrounds the Hii region G018.630+0.309 and correlates with the thermal dust emission at 870 μm. We found that the virial mass of the 12CO-clump differs considerably from the mass value obtained by other methods, suggesting that it is not gravitationally bound. Finally, from a SED fitting to the IR counterpart of the Hii region, we confirm that it is located at the far distance, suggesting that it should be embedded in the molecular cloud southward of the SNR.
The second region, named Reg. 2, covers a portion of the most flattened border of SNR G18.8+0.3, where it was originally suggested that there is an interaction with a dense cloud (Dubner et al. 1999). Strikingly, our 12CO J = 3−2 observations show a clumpy molecular structure without any morphological correspondence with the flat border of the SNR that could suggest a causal relationship. The better angular resolution attained in these new data served to reveal that the flat southern border of the SNR must originate in a different process than the compression of a dense molecular cloud.
Reduction software based on AIPS developed at NRAO and extended to treat single dish data with a graphical user interface (GUI).
XSpec is a spectral line reduction package for astronomy that has been developed by Per Bergman at Onsala Space Observatory.
http://caravan.astro.wisc.edu/protostars/
The ASTE project is led by Nobeyama Radio Observatory (NRO), a branch of National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), in collaboration with University of Chile and with Japanese institutes including University of Tokyo, Nagoya University, Osaka Prefecture University, Ibaraki University, Hokkaido University, and Joetsu University of Education. S.P., M.O., A.P., G.D., and E.G. are members of the Carrera del investigador científico of CONICET, Argentina. M.C.P. is a doctoral fellow at CONICET, Argentina. This work was partially supported by Argentina grants awarded by UBA (UBACyT), CONICET, and ANPCYT. M.R. wishes to acknowledge support from CONICYT through FONDECYT grant No. 1140839. A.P. is grateful to the ASTE staff for the support received during the observations.
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Tables at CDS
The molecular clump towards the eastern border of SNR G18.8+0.3
Molecular gas and star formation toward the IR dust bubble S 24 and its environs
Molecules, dust, and protostars in NGC 3503
SEDIGISM: Structure, excitation, and dynamics of the inner Galactic interstellar medium
Star formation associated with a large-scale infrared bubble


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Q: keeping a background process running on heroku I'm trying to run a rabbitmq background process on heroku to pick tasks off a queue and process them. I'm working with the AMQP haskell library and they give the following example (parts omitted or brevity.
main = do
    --setup connection omitted
    --connect to queue, wait for messages
    consumeMsgs chan "myQueue" Ack myCallback
    --halts process so messages are taken off the queue until a key is presseed
    getLine -- wait for keypress
    closeConnection conn -- close connection after key
    putStrLn "connection closed"

This works fine locally because getLine keeps the process running until you press a key. However, when I deploy this to heroku the process exits with
2016-04-19T08:37:23.373087+00:00 app[worker.1]: worker: <stdin>: hGetChar: end of file
I figured out from the accepted answer to this question that this is because in order to deploy a background process via ssh you need to redirect /dev/null/ to stdin which sends an EOF signal to the process.
In our case the getLine function exits because of this signal and the entire process stops, preventing our worker from staying up.
How can I keep this worker running when I deploy?
EDIT: Final Solution
Using @carstons comments I ended up with the following implementation that worked:
main :: IO ()
main = do
    mvar <- newEmptyMVar
    conn <- setupConnection
    queueName <- pack <$> getEnv "QUEUE_NAME"
    chan <- openChannel conn
    consumeMsgs chan queueName Ack processMessage
    installHandler sigINT (Catch (cleanupConnection conn mvar)) Nothing
    putStrLn "Running forever, press ctrl c to exit"
    -- this blocks until sigint is recieved and the handler for SIGINT
    -- "fills" the mvar. once that is filled the process exits
    run <- takeMVar mvar
    case run of
      _ -> return ()

mixpanelConfig :: IO Config
mixpanelConfig = liftM2 Config (ApiToken . pack <$> getEnv "MIXPANEL_API_TOKEN") (newManager tlsManagerSettings)

cleanupConnection :: Connection -> MVar () -> IO ()
cleanupConnection conn mvar = do
  closeConnection conn
  putStrLn "SIGINT received.. closing rabbitmq connection"
  putMVar mvar ()

processMessage :: (Message, Envelope) -> IO ()

A: as I pointed out in the comment if you just want to keep it running forever you can use forever with - for example - threadDelay:
import Control.Concurrent (threadDelay)
import Control.Monad (forever)

main = do
    --setup connection omitted
    --connect to queue, wait for messages
    consumeMsgs chan "myQueue" Ack myCallback
    --halts process so messages are taken off the queue forever
    forever $ threadDelay 10000
    -- so this will never happen and you could remove it
    closeConnection conn -- close connection after key
    putStrLn "connection closed"

note that this will of course never really close the connection or exit the application - you'll have to kill the process.

the alternative would be a bit more involved as you need some message/way to send your program a termination signal.
An easy way is to use MVars which you could set in your myCallback when a certain stop-message was received on your queue:
import Control.Concurrent.MVar

main = do
    -- MVar to receve the quit-signal
    quitSignal <- newEmptyMVar
    --setup connection omitted
    --connect to queue, wait for messages - the callback should
    --set the quitSignal with putMVar quitSignal ()
    consumeMsgs chan "myQueue" Ack (myCallback quitSignal)
    --halts process so messages are taken off the queue till quitSignal
    takeMVar quitSignal
    -- so this will happen after quitSignal was set
    closeConnection conn -- close connection after key
    putStrLn "connection closed"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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"I feel that it gave me a good foundation for implementing IFS into my practice... the videos were engaging, the tech part easy, the visual presentation very accessible."
—R.C., Vancouver, BC
"A colleague showed me how easy it was to access modules and materials, I gave it a try, and I was hooked! Thank you for all the obvious effort you've put into this remarkable training from a content perspective and the technical side."
—B.L., Denver, NC
"Thank you for making this possible. Everything was positive about it for me. The highlights were getting more intensive training than is possible in regular IFS trainings. It is so helpful to have the phone calls and sessions available on PDF. I loved being able to study at my pace….Also the opportunity to see how Dick works was such a privilege and learning experience. It made me feel more connected and inspired by the model."
—T.A., Madison, NJ
Here are the topics for the next 12 months!
APRIL 2019: Overview of IFS Theory
Basic Assumptions of the IFS Model
The Nature of Parts
MAY 2019: The Flow of the Model
Demonstration with Toni Herbine-Blank
Un-Blending
JUNE 2019: The Protective System
Types of Protectors
The 6 "Fs" Unblending
Demontration with Pamela Krause
JULY 2019: Fears of the Protectors
Seven Common Protector Fears
The Nature of Exciles
What is a Burden?
AUGUST 2019: Working with Exiles
Burdens- The Steps of Healing
Unpacking the Steps of Healing
SEPTEMBER 2019: The Trauma behind the Rage
Introduction to the trauma behind the rage
Step-by-step, detailing the trauma behind the rage
OCTOBER 2019: Polarizations - Conflicting but Complimentary
Introduction to Systemic Work
Functions of Polarizations
Exercise: Two Hands Meditation
NOVEMBER 2019: Direct Access and In-Sight
Modalitites
DECEMBER 2019: Parts of the Therapist and the Therapeutic Relationship
Therapists Parts
Presence and Congruence
JANUARY 2020: Integration - Bringing in the Protectors
Integrating Change Into The System
Welcoming Parts Mediation
What a Self-Led System Looks Like
FEBRUARY 2020: The Body & The Autonomic Nervous System
How Parts Show Up In The Body
Find Parts in the Body Meditation
Why Body?
MARCH 2020: Putting it all Together
Key Takeways
"Meditations for Self" by Richard C. Schwartz [AUDIO PROGRAM]
Dr. Schwartz leads eight meditations to help you develop more awareness and love for your parts. His confident, calm manner provides gentle guidance to your inner exploration. These meditations can become the foundation of a daily practice designed to bring more self leadership to your life.
IFS in Mediation and Education [VIDEO]
Three presentations: 1. Managing and Connecting Inner and Outer Conflict: Integration of IFS and Conflict Resolution Theory and Practice; Leonard Riskin, JD 2. Mediation, Multiple Minds, and the Negotiation Within; David Hoffman, JD 3. Introducing IFS to an Urban School System; Gail Tomala, MA, MSMFT, PhD
IFS and Spirituality: A Buddhist and Christian Perspective [VIDEO]
The Buddha as an IFS Therapist with Flint Sparks, PhD and The Way of Radical Compassion: The Spiritual Paths of Jesus and IFS with Frank Rogers, PhD
In a complex world, systems thinking is the tool of choice. To my knowledge, it has never before been put to such good use as it has in Richard Schwartz's model of the Internal Family Systems.
Ron Kurtz, B.A., Developer of the Hakomi Method of Body Centered Psychotherapy
Applications of The Internal Family Systems Model
Addictions Trauma & Attachment Couples Therapy
Child Counseling Finding The Self Meditation & Spirituality
What You'll Receive as a Member of the IFS Online Circle
1. IFS Fast Start Video Series
Learn the fundamental IFS principles: In this fast start video series you will learn the: 1) Principles of Self-Leadership, 2) What is Internal Family Systems, 3) IFS: An Evidence Based Research System, 4) Expansion Opportunities for IFS Practitioners, and 5) How IFS Creates a Health Model of Healing
2. Monthly Webinars with Dr. Richard Schwartz
Each month we will be on a LIVE 60-75 minute call with Dr. Richard Schwartz who will be teaching a new topic each month. This will include a question and answer session. All of these webinars will be recorded and will be available afterward for listing or download just in case you are unable to make the call.
3. Monthly Video Teachings from Leading IFS Trainers
Each month you will get teachings from IFS senior trainers Pamela Krause and Toni Herbine-Blank that will take you through different areas of learning, applications, exercises, and case studies.
4. Downloadable Transcripts, Recordings and Supporting Documents
Each month we will transcribe all of the videos and teachings so that you can review and make your own personal notes on the teachings.
5. Private IFS Online Circle Facebook Group
You will get access to a private membership community on Facebook where you can meet and speak with other IFS practitioners around the world.
The Next Steps in Advancing Your Practice
Watch your email for your order confirmation, and get instant access to all course materials, including the bonus materials - all designed to help you effectively integrate the Internal Family Systems Model into your practice and your life. Click here for course objectives and outline.
Review the course materials at your own pace and at your convenience! You'll have unlimited access to all course videos and materials online forever. Plus, use the CE21 Mobile™ app to access the course content on-the-go, wherever and whenever you want on your mobile devices.
Instantly collaborate with other professionals on the course materials through interactive message boards. You'll be part of a community of hundreds of practitioners all focused on integrating the Internal Family Systems Model in clinical practice, providing valuable opportunities to share insight and experiences and to build your professional network.
Complete your online CE tests and earn up to 40 CE hours!
About the IFS Founder and Contributing Lead Trainers
Richard C. Schwartz, Ph.D., Founder IFS
Richard Schwartz began his career as a systemic family therapist and developed the Internal Family Systems. He founded the Center for Self Leadership and has published five books about IFS.
Toni Herbine-Blank, MS, RN, C-SP
Clinical Specialist Psychotherapist and Senior Trainer for the Center for Self Leadership. She was trained in Family Therapy at the University of Pennsylvania where she earned both her RN and her advanced practice degree in Psychiatric Nursing.
Pamela Krause, MSW, LCSW
IFS Senior Lead Trainer and is also trained in Hakomi therapy. She has a private practice working with adults, adolescents, and children. She has a sub-specialty in adapting the IFS model for use in younger children.
Register for this intensive training course without risk. If you're not completely satisfied, give us a call at 800-844-8260. We're that confident you'll find this learning experience to be all that's promised and more than you expected.
NOTE: No additional discounts or coupons may be applied to this course.
IFS90006- ©2019 Center For Self Leadership. - All rights reserved - Email: help@ifs-institute.com

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Charter school authorizers are responsible for protecting student and public interests. This responsibility requires authorizers to hold schools accountable for fulfilling fundamental public education obligations to all students, including providing equal access and appropriate services to students whose native language is not English. English Language Learners (ELLs) have rights that are protected by federal and state laws. Authorizers are responsible for ensuring that charter schools uphold these rights.
Authorizers are challenged to hold each alternative charter school accountable for its performance. NACSA convened a working group of authorizers, operators, and researchers to define the parameters of good practice when it comes to evaluating alternative charter schools. The group's findings are presented in this new report from NACSA.


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How Far Into The Future Do Manchester United, City, Chelsea, Arsenal, Tottenham And Liverpool Really Plan?
Posted: October 23, 2016 in Arsenal, Chelsea, European Football, Football, Manchester City, Manchester United, Opinion, Premier League
Tags: Antonio Conte, Argentina, Arsene Wenger, Atletico Madrid, Barcelona, Bayern Munich, Bournemouth, Burnley, Daniel Levy, Diego Simeone, Inter Milan, Jose Mourinho, Jurgen Klopp, Lazio, Liverpool, Mauricio Pochettino, Pep Guardiola, Real Madrid, Roman Abramovich, Tottenham Hotspur
Manchester United appointed Jose Mourinho in the full knowledge that he rarely stays at any club for more than two years, whether the reason for departure is his choosing or not. He has since indicated that he would like to stay at Old Trafford for "many years".
Manchester City did the same with Pep Guardiola. Having spent five years in charge at Barcelona, (one of them with the B team), he developed his current wanderlust and spent a further two years in charge of Bayern Münich. The impression is that, if he is successful at City, then he may be talked into staying longer.
Chelsea have taken on a relatively unknown quantity, at least outside of his native Italy, and the jury remains out as to what the future holds for Antonio Conte. Again, it would appear that Roman Abramovich is another who is getting a little fed up with replacing his manager every couple of years and would like to put his feet up and watch the trophies stack up. Maybe Conte will get more time than most have at the Bridge!
This season could be the last as Arsenal manager for Arsene Wenger. Many fans hope this is the case and there would not be too many disappointed gooners were he to take the next step up the stairs to relative obscurity. The retirement would be even more welcome if it were followed by the arrival of Diego Simeone, who has shortened his contract with Atlético Madrid in order to leave in 2018. In the fantasy world of football there would not be massive compensation to pay if he were to be approached next year.
Another alternative, who appears to be favourite, is Eddie Howe. Having managed Bournemouth to two promotions to the Premier League he almost fits the bill. He is young, English and likes to play attractive football and would be considered a long term replacement were he to be appointed.
He is also, however, another unknown quantity in that he has never managed a big club and it remains to be seen how he would cope with the added pressures. He couldn't handle life in the frozen north during his short lived stint at Burnley!
Tottenham, in recent years, have also become a club who change manager regularly. Now, though, it is difficult to see how they could improve on what they have and the expectation is that Mauricio Pochettino will stay as long as his ambition is matched by that of Daniel Levy. If that ever changes then Pochettino will jump a long time before he is pushed.
Liverpool want consistency so they appointed a manager who, in his time at Borussia Dortmund, was mostly consistent. His last season in charge was a bit of a nightmare but there could be several reasons for that, not the least of which could have been that he knew he was leaving.
If Liverpool can extend their early season form to the remainder of the campaign, then Jürgen Klopp could be celebrating Champion's League football at Anfield next season.
So five of the six aforementioned clubs have appointed young managers with no particular history of staying anywhere for a long time but, if they can achieve a measure of success, could probably be persuaded to stay longer in their jobs. After all, if they were to leave any of the top six on England, where would they go?
Pep Guardiola left Bayern Munich so he could challenge himself in England.
Jose Mourinho wants to stay in England and is now at the biggest club.
Antonio Conte is more of an unknown quantity but the question remains, where to go if you want to better yourself?
Mauricio Pochettino seems to enjoy the Premier League although has expressed a desire to manage Real Madrid at some stage, so if he ever gets the offer he may very well depart.
Klopp seems to be settled in Liverpool and it's proximity to Manchester will allow him to enjoy life in the northwest. So, providing results are favourable, he is going nowhere soon.
The only question mark is against Arsenal, as usual. If they replace Wenger with Eddie Howe and he is successful then they have a manager for years to come.
If they were to turn to Diego Simeone it could be shorter term. He has already said that he wants to manage in Italy, preferably Inter and/or Lazio, and also the Argentine national team, so his long term plans don't seem to include the Premier League.
In answer to the original question, five of the top six clubs have gone for big name managers who they hope will provide a short and medium term fix. They will then be relying on any success achieved to keep their managers in place for the long haul.
Arsenal, at present, could go for short term or long term with the two possibles mentioned earlier. As with most things related to them, the Gunners themselves remain an unknown quantity!
Manchester United And City Look To Capitalise On London Slip-Ups
Chelsea Serve Up A Treat For Their Fans As Mourinho Fails To Solve Any Manchester United Problems


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Wendy Barlow
is a retired All-American-ranked Canadian professional tennis player and is a tennis coach and instructor (as of 2005). She played six years of professional tennis, including Wimbledon, and was inducted into the Greater Victoria Sports Hall of Fame. She began playing at the age of 10, participating in the Victoria (British Columbia) Parks program. Barlow won Canadian Junior Tennis Championships in several years, in both singles and doubles. In 1973, she won Girls' 14 doubles with her sister Lori as her partner. She won Girls' 14 singles and Girls' 14 doubles in 1974. In 1975, she won Girls' 16 singles and Girls' 16 doubles. At 16, playing under-18, she was ranked #3 in Canada. In 1977 and 1978, Barlow was the Canadian Junior Tennis Champion in the Girls' 18 singles division, and she was ranked 12th internationally in the Girls' 18 singles division. Barlow was ranked All-American by Brigham Young University in 1978. Barlow competed at the Wimbledon tennis tournament in 1978 and was defeated in two sets by Helen Cawley of Australia.Though in 1979 she lost to Chris Evert at the Dallas Women's Professional Tournament, Barlow won the Canadian National Championship in 1980, and the number one ranking in Canada. She represented Canada in three Federation Cup matches, and was the captain of the Canadian Federation Cup team in 1987. Her career record in the WTA was one win and eight losses. Barlow was recognized as the Victoria, BC "Female Athlete-of-the-Year" in 1978,
DOB: 1960-05-07
Birth Place: Canada
Top Movies Collection
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text:
import * as React from "react";
// Является ли переданное значение числовым
export function isNumeric(value) {
  return !isNaN(parseFloat(value)) && isFinite(value);
} // Является ли переданное значение функцией

export function isFunction(value) {
  return typeof value === "function";
}
export function debounce(fn, delay) {
  var timeout;
  return function () {
    for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {
      args[_key] = arguments[_key];
    }

    clearTimeout(timeout);
    timeout = setTimeout(function () {
      return fn.apply(void 0, args);
    }, delay);
  };
}
export function leadingZero(val) {
  var strVal = val.toFixed();

  if (strVal.length === 1) {
    return "0" + strVal;
  }

  return strVal;
}
export function hasReactNode(value) {
  return value !== undefined && value !== false && value !== null && value !== "";
}
export function isPrimitiveReactNode(node) {
  return typeof node === "string" || typeof node === "number";
}
export function setRef(element, ref) {
  if (ref) {
    if (typeof ref === "function") {
      ref(element);
    } else {
      ref.current = element;
    }
  }
}
export function multiRef() {
  for (var _len2 = arguments.length, refs = new Array(_len2), _key2 = 0; _key2 < _len2; _key2++) {
    refs[_key2] = arguments[_key2];
  }

  var current = null;
  return {
    get current() {
      return current;
    },

    set current(element) {
      current = element;
      refs.forEach(function (ref) {
        return ref && setRef(element, ref);
      });
    }

  };
} // eslint-disable-next-line

export var noop = function noop() {};
export function getTitleFromChildren(children) {
  var label = "";
  React.Children.map(children, function (child) {
    if (typeof child === "string") {
      label += child;
    }
  });
  return label;
}
export var generateRandomId = function generateRandomId() {
  return Math.random().toString(36).replace(/[^a-z]+/g, "");
};
//# sourceMappingURL=utils.js.map

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Bootsfaces modalbox filled with data from a dataTable column I am working with JSF 2.0 and Bootsfaces 0.9.1. I have a dataTable based on user data from the database. Each column also contains of a couple of buttons to modify the data.

When I click on the pencil (edit user), a modalbox is displayed, in which I want to modify the respective data.

Since I want to edit the data, I want the current information filled into the text boxes automatically. How can I do that?
Here's the xhtml source:
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' ?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
      xmlns:h="http://java.sun.com/jsf/html"
      xmlns:f="http://xmlns.jcp.org/jsf/core"
      xmlns:b="http://bootsfaces.net/ui"
      xmlns:p="http://xmlns.jcp.org/jsf/passthrough">
<h:head>
</h:head>
<h:body>
    <b:dataTable value="#{membersController.users}"
                 var="user"
                 id="users-table"
                 page-length="25"
                 row-highlight="true">
        <b:dataTableColumn label="Id" value="#{user.userId}"/>
        <b:dataTableColumn label="User name" value="#{user.userName}"/>
        <h:column>
            <f:facet name="header">
                <h:outputText value="Operations"/>
            </f:facet>
            <b:button style="padding: 0 4px;" iconAwesome="pencil" look="link" p:data-target="#userEditModal" p:data-toggle="modal"
                      onclick="return false;"/>
            <b:button style="padding: 0 4px;" iconAwesome="trash" look="link" p:data-target="#userEditModal" p:data-toggle="modal"
                      onclick="return false;"/>
        </h:column>
    </b:dataTable>
    <b:modal id="userEditModal" title="Modal Example" styleClass="modalPseudoClass">
        <h:panelGrid columns="2" cellpadding="5">
            <h:outputText value="User name:"/>
            <b:inputText>
            </b:inputText>
        </h:panelGrid>
        <f:facet name="footer">
            <b:button value="close" dismiss="modal" onclick="return false;"/>
            <b:button value="Ok" look="primary" dismiss="modal" onclick="return false;"/>
        </f:facet>
    </b:modal>
</h:body>
</html>

A: That's a bug in BootsFaces 0.9.1 and below. I've solved it in BootsFaces-0.9.2-SNAPSHOT. Note that this is not a production-ready version, but a developer snapshot. See this entry on how to get the snapshot.
I've documented how to use buttons in a data table in our developer showcase. Scroll down to the latest example. The example uses a kind of in-cell-editing instead of the modal dialog, but I'm sure you'll be able to adapt the example. If not, don't hesitate to ask.
The original bug was reported here. If you feel our bugfix is still incomplete, feel free to report the bug on our bug tracker. Thanks in advance!


text:
Roads safe for everyone except people
MacGregor "Goya" Eddy, We Could Car Less
Nationwide, traffic accident deaths are down except for pedestrian deaths, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). Salinas reflects the national trend; our city is above average for all vehicular collisions but has a poor score for pedestrian safety. Recent pedestrian deaths include: Kathleen Risler, age 64, of Salinas was killed on the 1500 block of N. Main in the middle of the night Jan. 26. Ramiro Ortiz Zamora, age 58, was struck and killed by a hit and run driver on E. Laurel at 8:11 pm on Oct. 11, 2015. Salinas Police Sgt. Gerard Ross has identified North Main and East Laurel as two of the most dangerous streets for pedestrians in Salinas
Nationwide a pedestrian is killed every two hours and injured every seven minutes in traffic collisions, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Overall collision statistics for Salinas compare favorably to similar California cities, but our pedestrian safety gets a poor rating.
California Office of Traffic Safety (OTS) rates injuries and deaths in collisions by comparing Salinas to 56 California cities of a similar size. For example; in 2012, Salinas had a total 66 pedestrian collisions resulting in injury or death. Twenty-four of the victims were 15 years or younger, thus giving Salinas a rating of first out of 56 cities (1/56) by OTS; this means that when compared to 56 similar size California cities, Salinas was the worst.
The 2012 Salinas rating for all ages of pedestrians was 18/56, well below average. The 2013, OTS pedestrian data for Salinas was not much better, with 53 pedestrian injuries or deaths in collisions. Thirteen of these had victims 15 years of age or younger, giving a 9/56 rating, meaning only 8 of 56 similar cities were worse that Salinas.
However, the 2012 rating for all types of collisions was 48/56, which is above average. The rating for injuries and deaths for all collisions in 2013 was 44th out of 56 (44/56) cities again above average. Our city does relatively well for all kinds of collisions except pedestrians.
Pedestrian safety report at Salinas Traffic Commission 2/11
Ross will present a report on pedestrian safety to the Salinas Traffic and Transportation Commission,Thursday, Feb. 11. 7 pm at City Hall, 200 Lincoln, Salinas. Ross will describe the use of the Salinas Police Department's $77,000 grant from the California Office of Traffic Safety (OTS). The grant is for a year-long program of special enforcements and public awareness efforts to prevent traffic related deaths and injuries with a special emphasis on pedestrian safety. If you are concerned about safe walking, come to the meeting. For an agenda call 758- 7381 or go the the Salinas City website at http://bit.ly/1QJ7jWs
Your dedicated Salinas traffic commissioners are Mary Ann Worden, Gilbert Ramos, John Viarengo, Kendra Howell, Diana Martinez, Chris Flescher and Steve Kennedy.
Everyone is a pedestrian
We are all pedestrians. Every bus ride begins and ends with a walk, and drivers must get to and from their cars on foot. There is an unfortunate tendency to think of pedestrians, bicyclists and drivers as if they are different groups of people. I am sometimes in a car, sometimes I am on a bus or a bicycle and in between I am on foot. Give me a brake if you see me, (pun intended.)
Monterey Salinas Transit (MST) will hold a Board meeting on Monday February 8 at 10 am 24580 Silver Cloud Ct., Monterey. (agenda at mst.org)
Help to learn how to ride the bus
If you know someone who needs to take the bus, but is uneasy about it, there is a free program that helps people learn how to use the bus. MST Navigators are volunteers who teach people one-on-one how to use the bus. If you need this service or would like to volunteer as a Navigator call Kevin Allshouse at 393-8108 or email kallshouse@mst.org or go to http://www.mstmobility.org.
MacGregor "Goya" Eddy is a longtime Salinas resident and alternative mode traveler. Her "We Could Car Less" column is published and posted online on Monday. Contact her by email at wecouldcarless@gmail.com or mail to: We Could Car Less, in care of The Salinas Californian, 123 W. Alisal St., Salinas 93901.


Find best fashion tips. Read about great tricks that will make you look great!
Shopping is similar to hunting but you have to not be a big huntsman and just have to have a bargain codes.
Today we want to describe three businesses which offer their products less expensive thanks to discount codes. The companies are: Jack Wills, Wickes and Ebay. The first company is called Jack Wills and it retails trendy and high quality clothing for men and ladies. They put on the market all sorts of clothing from jackets and coats to polos and shirts. Jack Wills was made in 1999 in the United Kingdom and since then they are a recognized brand in the United Kingdom's market.
Comments Off on Shopping is similar to hunting but you have to not be a big huntsman and just have to have a bargain codes.
Learn more about your vehicle!
Precisely how we must prepare our birthday event in effective way?
How to be visible online? Read more about it!
Fashion – why is this area believed to play a growing role in terms of customers' decisions in terms of clothes?
Washable tattoos are an amazing thing suitable for every person!


text:
Burlington Historical Society
Our Tavern
Our Schoolhouse
Rent the Tavern for your Event
The Burlington Historical Society offers a variety of interior and exterior spaces at the historic Elton Tavern that can accommodate events ranging from 40 to more than 200 guests. The building is equipped restrooms and a small full kitchen; including refrigerator, microwave, and stove.
The cost to rent the building varies in price whether or not it is in the old historic building or the New Meeting Room located in the new building addition. A discount is offered to our business members and affiliates.
Our policy is to not charge Burlington non-profit organizations for meeting space in exchange for in-kind service. The minimum donation to rent the building for an event is $150.
For more information, contact Nat Walker
Copyright © 2023 · Burlington Historical Society · All rights reserved


text:
Governor Gavin Newsom speaking with attendees at the 2019 California Democratic Party State Convention at the George R. Moscone Convention Center in San Francisco, California. Photo: Gage Skidmore/flickr
U.S. governors retract reopening plans as states reel from resurgent coronavirus
July 2, 2020 July 2, 2020 The African Mirror
PETER SZEKELY and SHARON BERNSTEIN
GOVERNORS of U.S. states hit hardest by the resurgent coronavirus moved to halt or reverse steps to reopen their economies on Wednesday, led by California, the nation's most populous state and a new epicenter of the pandemic.
The moves came as a Reuters/Ipsos poll found Americans increasingly worried about the spread of COVID-19, the serious and sometimes fatal illness caused by coronavirus.
"The spread of this virus continues at a rate that is particularly concerning," California Governor Gavin Newsom, a first-term Democrat, said in ordering the closure of bars, bans on indoor dining at restaurants and restrictions on other indoor operations in 19 counties affecting over 70% of the state's population.
The move in California, the first U.S. state to impose sweeping "stay-at-home" restrictions on its residents in March, will likely inflict more financial pain on the owners of bars and restaurants who have struggled to survive the pandemic.
The epicenter of the country's COVID-19 epidemic has moved from the Northeast to California, Arizona and New Mexico in the West along with Texas, Florida and Georgia.
Texas again topped its previous record on Wednesday with 8,076 new cases, while South Carolina reported 24 more coronavirus deaths, its single-day high. Tennessee and Alaska also had record numbers of new cases on Wednesday.
The United States recorded its biggest one-day increase of nearly 48,000 new infections on Tuesday, more than 8,000 each in California and Texas, a Reuters tally showed.
New Mexico Governor Michelle Grisham, a Democrat, on Wednesday extended the state's emergency public health order through July 15, saying that authorities would "aggressively" enforce mandatory mask rules.
"I want to be as clear as I can possibly be: New Mexico, in this moment, still has the power to change the terrible trajectory of this virus," Grisham said. "But our time is limited. And we are staring down the barrel of what Texas, Arizona and many other hard-hit states are grappling with."
'VIRUS ON THE PROWL'
Indiana's Republican Governor Eric Holcomb halted his state's phased reopening until at least mid-July.
"We just have to accept the fact … that again this virus is on the prowl and it is moving, and it's moving even within our borders," he said.
New York Mayor Bill de Blasio, a Democrat whose city was for months at the center of the U.S. outbreak, said on Wednesday he would postpone a plan to allow indoor restaurant dining on Monday.
"We see a lot of problems and we particularly see problems revolving around people going back to bars and restaurants indoors, and indoors is the problem more and more," de Blasio told reporters.
With the U.S. death toll at nearly 128,000 the Reuters/Ipsos June 29-30 poll found that 81% of American adults were "very" or "somewhat" concerned about the pandemic, the most since a similar poll conducted May 11-12.
Roughly seven in 10 Republicans said they were personally concerned about the virus' spread, up from six in 10 in previous polls. About nine in 10 Democrats said they are similarly worried, a level of concern that has not changed.
Conservatives have generally been less willing to wear masks or follow other restrictions imposed by local authorities to stop the spread of the virus as the issue has become increasingly politicized.
President Donald Trump, who has been reluctant to don a mask himself, told the Fox Business Network on Wednesday that he used face coverings when in close quarters with other people but did not think mask-wearing needed to be mandatory.
Trump administration officials have partly blamed the surge in cases on increased testing, but there has also been a rise in the percentage of positive tests and hospitalizations, although not as sharp. – Thomson Reuters Foundation.
U.S. Supreme Court sides with challenge to California's…
In a first, Trump dons anti-COVID-19 mask
Egypt lifts coronavirus restrictions
Brazil governors urge extension of COVID-19 emergency…
← Asamoah Gyan: 2010 changed my life
More than 40,000 people forcefully evicted in East Africa →


text:
Newland & Newland Food Poison Blog
By: Newland & Newland
Latest from Newland & Newland Food Poison Blog - Page 2
Three Common Mistakes with Food Safety
By Gary Newland
Consumers share some of the responsibility for food safety to prevent themselves from getting sick. Though negligence by food producers can cause contamination, you may create your own food poisoning risk if you do not practice food safety. Consumers are often warned about washing produce, thoroughly cooking foods, and refrigerating items that could spoil. Our understanding of how food becomes contaminated is growing, and there are some consumer habits that seem sensible but actually increase the risk of food poisoning. You should avoid committing these common food safety mistakes: Tasting or Smelling Food to Tell If It Is Spoiled: We…
Chipotle Fined $25 Million for Repeated Food Poisoning Outbreaks
Restaurants are the source of numerous food poisoning incidents each year for which they may or may not be responsible. Sometimes, the restaurant will unknowingly use contaminated food and the food supplier is the liable party. Other times, the restaurant may have caused the incident if it was negligent in safely preparing the food or maintaining a clean kitchen. If a single restaurant or chain of restaurants is involved in multiple food poisoning incidents, health officials may investigate the food safety practices of the restaurants. Officials can even recommend that criminal charges be brought against the restaurant for serving contaminated…
Uncooked Shrimp Can Contain Harmful Bacteria
There are cultures in which raw shrimp is considered a delicacy. However, food scientists do not recommend eating raw shrimp because of the risk of food poisoning. Shrimp can carry bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Normally, cooking shrimp will be enough to kill the contaminants that naturally appear, making them safe to eat. However, pre-cooked shrimp served and sold in retail establishments have been known to carry bacteria and viruses that can cause people to become ill upon eating them. Cooked Shrimp Recalled Due to Bacteria In March, AFC Distribution Corp. recalled its Cooked Butterfly Tail-On Whiteleg Shrimp because it…
Mushroom Listeria Case Causes Four Deaths
There are numerous mushrooms that grow in the wild that are poisonous, and it is difficult to tell the difference between a safe and deadly wild mushroom. Health professionals recommend that consumers only eat mushrooms that they buy in a store or are served in a restaurant. However, it is still possible to get food poisoning from eating store-bought mushrooms. A recent listeria outbreak linked to packaged mushrooms resulted in four deaths and 30 hospitalizations. Outbreak Details Sun Hong Foods recalled its packages of enoki mushrooms on March 9 due to potential listeria contamination. Thirty-six people across more than a…
Jimmy John's Receives FDA Warning About Contaminated Produce
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) sent a warning letter to the sandwich restaurant chain Jimmy John's, claiming that the franchise has repeatedly purchased adulterated produce. The FDA identified sprouts and cucumbers as the adulterated products and cited five outbreaks of E. coli or salmonella linked to the restaurants since 2012. Though Jimmy John's removed sprouts from its stores as a precautionary measure, the FDA said the franchise needs to take corrective action to prevent such outbreaks from continuing to occur. E. coli and salmonella infections can be potentially fatal to young children, older adults and people with weakened…
Differentiating Between Food Poisoning and a Stomach Virus
If you are experiencing sudden stomach pain, nausea and/or diarrhea, there are generally two possible causes: food poisoning or stomach flu. Both of their symptoms are similar enough that it is difficult for you to tell the difference. However, the difference between food poisoning and stomach flu can determine whether someone may be liable for your medical expenses and suffering. Illinois has strict liability for food poisoning cases while catching a stomach virus usually falls out of the realm of liability. This is one reason why you should see a doctor, who can diagnose the cause of your sickness. Catching…
Cut Fruit Causes Salmonella Outbreak in 11 States
Salmonella is one of the most common sources of food poisoning in the U.S. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimate that 1.35 million people receive salmonella infections each year, which leads to 26,500 hospitalizations and 420 deaths. People most often associate salmonella with eating raw or undercooked meats. A CDC study published in 2011 found that 67 percent of the salmonella outbreaks came from poultry, eggs, pork, and beef. However, salmonella bacteria can contaminate any food, including fruits and vegetables. Cut Fruit Tied to Recent Outbreak Tailor Cut Produce recalled several cut fruit products on Dec. 7…


Katana-the traditional sword carried by the historic samurai of Japan-is a symbol of honor, precision, and artistry in Japanese culture. Adopting the majestic sword's name with pride, the Katana series presents guitar amplifiers with smooth, cutting tones honed by generations of dedication and expertise. Born of the development process behind the acclaimed Waza amplifier, these innovative amps embody BOSS's determined pursuit of the ultimate rock sound. Featuring proprietary circuit designs and meticulous tuning, the Katana series combines traditional craftsmanship and breakthrough functions to produce true next-generation rock amplifiers.
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The Katana range boasts masses of tones with 5 variable amp models from acoustic simulation, clean and crush to the legendary Brown Sound. The custom 12-inch speaker is driven by a special method developed for the flagship Waza amp that optimizes the speaker and cabinet character. These give you huge amounts of tone variation whether your playing some smooth Jazz, Funk or shedding to your hearts content this amp really shines in all aspects and styles. With the option to store 15 on board effects, and 55 customisable effects connected to the BOSS Tone Studio editor software you will be split for choice! Not only can you store and save Effects but there are 2 sections to save both your effects and tones to recall them easily which is fantastic for live situations.
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june 2, 1994 (1)
general native american (1)
holland, edward j.; cherokee cultural society of houston national ge (1)
mankiller, wilma pearl, 1945-2010; deputy and principal chief of cherokee nation first female chief of a native american tribe in modern history native american rights activist feminist (1)
All fields: Congressmen
And still the shoppers shop!; Are Congressmen really stupid?; What will happen to apparel and general merchandise stores in 1974?; Women are the cause of divorce!; Automated retailing--will it arrive?; When does an industry association move to...
Logan, Leonard M. (1891-1974)
University professor. Correspondence (1950-1958) with the U.S. Department of the Interior, congressmen, and the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs; reports (1956-1963); newspaper clippings (1925-1961) concerning Indian affairs; and manuscripts (1948) by...
Personal Correspondence


text:
Lawyers Call for Barr's Resignation: COVID-19 Is a Danger to Our Health and Economy, Barr Is a Danger to Democracy
Matt NahamMar 24th, 2020, 10:56 am
A self-styled non-partisan group of lawyers and former judges continued a tradition of sorts on Tuesday by calling for Attorney General William Barr's resignation.
Lawyers Defending American Democracy (LDAD), a group of 300 attorneys, former judges, state and federal prosecutors, penned an open letter to say that the COVID-19 pandemic is a danger to Americans' health and the economy, but that Barr is a danger to democracy.
"We are attorneys from across the United States united in calling for the resignation of Attorney General William Barr. We have taken our oaths to support the Constitution of the United States and to faithfully discharge our duties as officers of the courts," the undersigned said. "We write in support of the 2000+ U.S. Department of Justice alumni and our colleagues of the Boston Bar Association and the New York City Bar Association concerned about the efforts of Attorney General Barr and President Donald Trump to interfere with the prosecutors' sentencing recommendation for Roger Stone. Barr's behavior, by rewarding the President's friend and ally, undermines both the appearance of impartial justice and impartial justice itself, central to our system of government."
"More broadly, Barr's concept of an imperial executive is antithetical to fundamental principles of American constitutional democracy. His empowering the President with these radical, anti-democratic ideas makes him unfit to be the Attorney General of the United States," the open letter continued. "We are a liberal democratic nation. We are governed by the 'rule of law,' not the 'law of the ruler.'"
The press release said that this open letter was still necessary even as America grapples with a crisis of unprecedented scope:
A congressional hearing investigating Attorney General Barr's conduct has been postponed indefinitely due to the outbreak of COVID-19. While acknowledging the nation's necessary focus on the virus, [LDAD co-founder Scott] Harshbarger urges the public spotlight also be kept on Attorney General Barr.
It is true that the House Judiciary Committee on Monday postponed Barr's March 31 oversight hearing until further notice. That hearing was meant to address Barr's decision-making in the Roger Stone case, and more. The Democratic-led Committee sent a letter to Barr on Feb. 28, formally requesting "information concerning improper political interference" by President Donald Trump and others "in enforcement matters handled" by the DOJ.
The Committee also referenced the 2,000-plus DOJ alumni who called for Barr's resignation in the wake of the Stone debacle.
"The abandonment of these longstanding practices has motivated more than 2,000 former [DOJ employees—public servants of both parties, including but not limited to a former Deputy Attorney General under President George H.W. Bush to call for your resignation," the Committee's letter said. "These circumstances are deeply troubling."
The hearing (whenever it happens) will focus on the DOJ's controversial reversal on Stone's sentencing recommendation, the DOJ's shift on Michael Flynn's sentencing recommendation, the DOJ's channel for receiving and evaluating Rudy Giuliani's Ukraine dirt, and the John Durham probe, among other things.
LADA said that there's no question that Barr's support of an "imperial executive" has harmed institutions.
"Since the Watergate scandal, there has been a bright line insulating the Department of Justice from politically motivated decision-making. Barr's intervention in the Stone prosecution raises red flags that that line has been crossed," the group said. "If we fail to make our voices heard now, we will have only ourselves to blame. Given the danger to our constitutional democracy posed by Attorney General Barr's radical legal views and harmful behavior, we ask him to resign his office now."
Barr appeared alongside President Trump at a Coronavirus Task Force briefing on Monday night. The Attorney General vowed to prosecute those hoarding (or price gouging) essential items (like surgical masks and hand sanitizer) during the pandemic.
LDAD Barr letter by Law&Crime on Scribd
[Image via Drew Angerer/Getty Images]
Matt Naham
Matt Naham is managing editor of Law&Crime. He formerly worked as news editor and weekend editor at Rare.
More Stories by Matt Naham


Last week I switched jobs and moved from a large, established financial organization to a young, enthusiastic tech company. While there've been a lot of changes to deal with (wait—I DON'T have to wear a suit everyday??? And the coffee is how much??? FREE?!?! WHAT SORCERY IS THIS???), I felt confident that my day-to-day responsibilities as a UX Designer would remain the same.
And there was a lot of familiarity: Usability Tests were still Usability Tests. Research was still research. OmniGraffle was still OmniGraffle. However, when I actually rolled up my sleeve and began working on my first assignment, I quickly stumbled on one dramatically different tool that I had always leaned on: my teammates. And they did not come with instruction manuals.
Over the years at my old company, I had learned the ins and outs of the people I'd worked alongside. Steve liked big picture ideas, while Helen preferred the Joe Friday Approach (just the facts, ma'am). Susan was great at working off sketches, while Charles would follow specifications to the letter.
Thrown onto a new team, I realized for the first time just how much I relied on my knowledge of the people around me in order to create high quality work. It was suddenly clear just how much I altered my approach and even my deliverables based on my relationship with the intended audience. Often without even realizing I was doing so! Here I was, starting at zero in my knowledge of the people around me. Fortunately, they're a capable, creative and friendly group; but it got me thinking about just how important the relationships on every project are.
Recalling the work I'd done in the past, it became blindingly apparent that the biggest difference between the successful and unsuccessful projects wasn't the focus, the scope, the tools or the technology: it was the relationships—the stakeholder with the project manager, the project manager with the designer, the designer with the developer, the team with the users, and (most importantly) the user with the product. When the relationships were good, so was the project. When the relationships were bad, so were the results.
All of this led me to wonder: is relationship building the most important (and least discussed) technology skillset? Is it the single biggest key to building great things? Would we all be more successful if we focused first (and harder) on relationships before writing a business plan, sketching a UI or typing a line of code?
At this point, you might be thinking of a project you were on where everyone got along, but the product crashed and burned. Or the time where you all fought the whole time yet produced an enormous success. Many extremely capable and successful people are antisocial, and many nice people are failures. Don't these examples disprove the importance of relationships in success?
Not necessarily. What I'm talking about isn't how much you like someone. It isn't related to being an introvert or an extrovert. And it's not about being charming or infuriating. It's looking critically at the way in which you interact with the people around you and doing so effectively. Not necessarily likably, charismatically or agreeably (though that will certainly win you more friends and make life easier for everyone), but getting what you need in order to deliver and giving others around you the same. Clear communication, understanding and reliability are more likely to produce success. Otherwise, you're stuck relying on star talent and dumb luck that people will work together well and build something that anyone will like.
So how do we improve our relationships quickly and effectively? How can we facilitate easy communication with people we know little or nothing about, mend difficult relationships, and take effective collaboration to the next level? As a User Experience Practitioner, I turned to my own field to find the answers and the results proved fascinating.
Question: Identify something in your workplace that is holding you back from performing at your peak and ask why. Why are projects hitting snags between design and development? Why are Samantha and I having trouble communicating? Why are we having difficulty getting time and budget for User Testing?
Research: Watch the people around you and see how they react to good news, bad news, changes and new information. See how they work and try to get to know them (obviously!). Talk to them; ask them about their objectives, experience, philosophies and perspectives. How do they define success? If you're about to work with someone new, seek out and talk to someone who's worked with him or her before. They may have tips or observations to share that can be helpful.
Test: Try out your new approach and watch the reaction. Don't be swayed too much by small sample sizes—a new approach might take some time to get used to. Be versatile enough to make changes on the fly if things aren't working quite the way you'd hope. Solicit feedback and listen not just to what was said, but how it was said. Sometimes the answer is in the tone, not the content. Ask others what they thought.
Analyze: This is perhaps the most important step. After you've tested your hypothesis, stop for a minute and mull it over. If it was successful, ask yourself why. If it was unsuccessful, ask yourself why you were off the mark. Adjust going forward.
Repeat: Never stop learning! There's always room to improve, innovate and refine. Eventually, you'll probably learn things about people that they aren't even aware of themselves.
I'm not suggesting that you keep a binder full of notes on all your coworkers. That would be weird. And creepy. As you get to know your coworkers, you intuitively begin to understand how to effectively interact with them. That discovery is organic and subconscious. Make sure that you take the time for some conscious discovery as well, even after you get to know them. Continue to push yourself through the UX process to better understand people and, in turn, improve your work and relationships.
I think you'll find that this approach will alter not only the way you deliver, but the fundamental design of what you deliver as well. Interactions will be easier, you'll waste less effort and you'll be less stressed out. You'll begin trying new things, working better with others and gain the reputation as someone your coworkers want to work alongside. Most importantly, you'll be building your projects, career and relationships on a method of proven and repeatable success. Can you risk building them on anything else?


Product ID: 24587 SKU: N/A. Category: SAMPLE SALE. Tags: skirts, Winter Temptations.
Can't take your eyes off it? That's exactly the point. The Exhibit Skirt takes designer Andreea Badala's passion for construction and layering to a bold new level. The black transparent mesh inspired by corsetry adds the ideal touch of daring. The skirt is fit to the body, and it has zipper fastening and a slit at the back. Style yours with a bodysuit.


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NEW ERA FIELD
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Inside The Bills
Some family ties to Bills newest asst. hires
Posted by Chris Brown on February 7, 2017 – 11:16 am
Most Bills fans were probably immediately aware of the family tie to Buffalo's new DBs coach Gill Byrd. His son, Jairus Byrd is a former second-round pick of the Bills (2009) and went to the Pro Bowl as a rookie with Buffalo. Now his father will be coaching the team's defensive backs and he has a pretty impressive playing resume of his own.
A former first-round pick of the San Diego Chargers (1983), Byrd was a four-time All-Pro and is in the Chargers Hall of Fame as the franchise's all-time interception leader with 42 picks. He most recently coached the Tampa Bay cornerbacks (2014-2015).
An interesting side note is Jairus Byrd is a potential cap casualty according to reports out of New Orleans. Byrd would have to be released by the Saints for that to even become a discussion for the Bills or any other club.
Meanwhile assistant DBs coach Bobby Babich is the son of Bills LBs coach Bob Babich. He previously coached under head coach Sean McDermott in Carolina as a defensive assistant, and also coached with Cleveland as assistant secondary coach. He was most recently with Florida International serving as defensive coordinator and linebackers coach.
Tags: Bills coaching staff, Bob Babich, Bobby Babich, Gill Byrd, Jairus Byrd
Posted in Inside the Bills
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2018 Jim Kelly Camp scholarship winners
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Replacement lower water tank for the Berkey Light. Does not include spigot or base.
Unfortunately after about 7 years use the spigot's washer was starting to wear? & leak water drops slowly. I tightened the spigot just a bit and it cracked my berkey light lower water chamber slightly now leaking more constantly getting water on my counter each night, very frustrating. Don't tighten! Duck tape didn't work over crack on chamber at spigot, trying to save money so I found out I could go online and then I reordered the lower water chamber. I must admit it lasts almost forever, very pleased with this berkey water filter system! The new chamber arrived very quickly and remember there is a $12 shipping fee if ordering this part as stated. Thank you, a very satisfied customer. I ordered one for my father in law. Great product! Use it every day a lot too! I also had to order a new spigot with this since I could no longer order just the washers anymore; easy to order and extremely pleased!
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Item Number: H20-A1010NB Have a question about this item?
Add natural style to jewelry designs using lightweight coconut palm tree wood beads. They display distinctive striped patterns that add visual interest to any design. Beads are cleanly drilled, then waxed to create a surface that's smooth to the touch. Sizes, shapes and colors may vary with handcrafted items.


Please ensure you swap with another parent if you are unable to cover your duty.
You should arrive 10 minutes before your allocated session starts.
POOLSIDE HELPERS: offer help to the coaches on arrival.
FLEXIBLE HELPERS: check with the coach on poolside where you are most needed.
REGISTRATION DESK: tick off each swimmer's name on the registration sheet. Session 2 helpers also register session 3 swimmers.


There should be a law against web sites that underline words, make them blue or change color when you mouse-over them unless they are actually, you know, links.
What about making paragraphs red as you mouseover them?
That only happens on the important paragraphs.
I'll will contact the author of my wordpress theme and register your complaint. Or just steal Julio's theme which is much nicer than mine.
Fabulously comedic post you've made sir.


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Hot New Pop Alert: Iris "I'll Wait For You"
Hot New Pop Alert: "Verite "Strange Enough"
Hot New Pop Alert: The Heydaze "City Girl"
Hotly-tipped newcomer Betty Who brings on the good feelings and the good times on her poptastic new single "Somebody Loves You." The song was produced by up and comer Peter Thomas who recently also collaborated with Hoodie Allen and Neon Hitch. None other than Greg Calbi (Foster The People, Passion Pit) added some of his spit and shine to the final mastering of the track.
Born and raised in Sydney, Australia and currently living in Boston, Betty Who brings a distinct point of view to the pop scene that is inspired by everything pop. She mentions artists like Joni Mitchell, Ella Fitzgerald and Michael Jackson as some of her inspirations, but she also has a fine appreciation for the sweet and sleek pop of fellow Aussie Kylie Minogue.
Following the online success of her previous single "Fire With Fire," the massively hooky "Somebody Loves You" unveils more of Betty Who's developing brand of sunshine pop that combines splashy melodies, a dancefloor-savvy groove and her warming vocals. The song's entire production is anchored by a glorious chorus that is, quite frankly, too irresistible to be denied and will earworm itself right into your head - whether you want it or not.
Despite its feel-good and sparkly overtones, "Somebody Loves You" was initially inspired by the tragic passing of Whitney Houston on the eve of the 54th GRAMMY Awards in February. "We were writing it the week she had passed away and were feeling inspired by her," Betty tells me.


And we will see how we can identify the changes from natural archives.
the period of the last 10,000 years.
that had a lot of impact on early civilizations.
In big history, we try to place human history in the broad context.
sea level change has influenced cultural history.
And here we take the Maya civilization as an example.
has influenced the culture of the Mayas.
how can we gain knowledge of climate conditions of thousands of years ago?
about what we like to know of the past but what was never measured.
So here we use the changing vegetation as an indicator of climate change.
So in this case vegetation change is our proxy and it has information on climate.
for use by the flowers of the plants.
These are photographs taken under the microscope.
What is our archive, well that can be a peat bog.
Here you see a profile of about two and a half meter high.
And the oldest peat is at the bottom and the youngest peat is at the top.
then you have a sample from old at the bottom to young at the top.
example and try to extract information from that.
Another option is that you drill a core.
And here you see a core of sediments of one meter length.
And every centimeter, we took a sample.
And the total length here reflects 6,000 years.
So, every centimeter makes a jump of 60 years.
this sample is prepared in the laboratory.
And that means that we have here in this glass tube a concentrate of pollen grains.
All the rest has disappeared and only the pollen grains are here in this tube.
From the pollen grains, we make a microscope slide.
This is a microscope slide, and this is analyzed under the microscope.
Well, then we have the pollen manuals to identify the pollen grains.
And then finally we can calculate and draw a pollen diagram.
Here we see a pollen diagram from northwest Europe.
on the horizontal are the different herb species and tree species.
And on top, you see how the pollen grains look like, of all those different plants.
The pollen diagram shows the last 12,000 years.
And at the bottom you see the last part of the ice age.
And the vegetation is dominated by herbs and pioneer trees like pine and birch.
then we arrive in the Holocene, the period of the last 10,000 years.
And then you see an increasing number of species immigrating into northwest Europe.
So the forest starts to be more diverse and more complex.
example that beach is a tree that only arrived about 2,800 years ago.
Now we make a step from a pollen diagram to a landscape.
In the middle you see the vertical bar, that is a bar of 100% white.
And you see the changing proportions of the different trees.
So again at the bottom we are in the lead glacial.
And you see an open landscape dominated by herbs.
And then when we enter the Holocene you see the trees immigrating.
And you see that the landscape starts to be more and more complex.
And we talk about the climax first.
the vegetation, the forest composition.
all the space they needed for their villages and their roads.
Well now we make the step to the Mayas.
because it is a build up of limestone, of calcium carbonate.
Well, the Mayas lived there for some 2,000 years and they built huge cities.
And you see many different buildings here that must have been large cities.
Most cities probably had 30,000 to 40,000 inhabitants.
the production of food is very important to let these cities survive.
immediately disappears in the soil.
So you see no rivers in the landscape, the rivers are subterraneously.
where the rocks has been dissolved by rainwater.
And you can walk down, 10, 20 meter and there you see the rivers in the soil.
The problem of a limestone is, that at the surface it is always dry.
So the vegetation is in the dryness stress, and also the people.
So these areas of the world are very prone to climatic droughts.
this photograph then you see a mixed forest.
You see trees that keep their leaves and that are green.
And you see leaves that have shed their leaves.
you see trees that are not resistant to drought.
It is a mix here and that is evidence that the climate is seasonal.
There's humid, very dry intervals during the year.
This is a pollen diagram from Lake Coba in Yucatan.
you see the pollen record of the last about 5,000 years.
So you read the pollen diagram always from the bottom to the top.
the black parts of the record.
And that are certain families that make up the forest.
the herbs are increasing also rapidly.
So, people come in, they start to clear the forest, and they build their villages.
And they use all the surface for their every cultural production.
And you see a record next to it called chenopodioideae and that is quinoa.
Maize and quinoa were the most important staple foods of the Mayas.
So you see a period of almost 2,000 years of a lot of agricultural production.
you see that the open space in the Maya lowlands became covered again by forest.
What happened at the end of the Maya culture?
then we see that the change is dated about 900 Anno Domini.
Well what happened 900 Anno Domini?
Probably this is the cause of severe droughts.
that climactic drought is the reason of the end of the Maya civilization.
Now we go to a deep sea core.
located offshore Venezuela, also in the Caribbean basin.
is transported to the ocean under dry conditions.
Here you see a record of the last 2,000 years.
show that climate conditions are quite unstable.
then you see a period of about 200 years, 150 years long.
And you see that this period is the end often longer period of increasing dryness.
and then we see about 200 years of history.
look at the colored bands in this figure.
And there you see the dry periods.
The first dry period has a duration of about three to four years.
And then every time with 40 year steps, you see a dry period of 9 years.
A dry period of 3 years, and 47 years later, you see a dry period of 6 years.
in an area where drought is really important.
If you have every few decades a period of many years of climatic drought.
that the populations has a shortage of food.
was unable to continue with sufficient food production and finally crashed.
are a perfect archive to learn the climate and environmental conditions of the past.
a significant impact on the cultural history.


text:
Home Media CenterHBKU's Translation and Interpreting Institute Holds Turkish-Arabic Workshop
HBKU's Translation and Interpreting Institute Holds Turkish-Arabic Workshop
The Translation and Interpreting Institute (TII) at Hamad bin Khalifa University (HBKU) is holding a Turkish-Arabic workshop from December 6th to 11th in collaboration with the Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism and the Ministry of Culture, Arts and Heritage of Qatar.
The initiative supports Qatar Turkey 2015 Year of Culture, an initiative spearheaded by Qatar Museums to promote cultural dialogue and deepen understanding between nations and their people through mutual exchanges of arts, culture, heritage, and sport.Translators, proficient in both Arabic and Turkish, applied to the program from around the world, with ten translators selected to participate.
Dr. Amal Al-Malki, Executive Director of TII, commented: "We're very excited about this collaboration and the opportunity to work with two high profile ministries.I really want to thank the Ministry of Culture, Arts and Heritage in Qatar, especially the Minister HE Dr. Hamad bin Abdulaziz Al Kuwari, who informed us of this project and supports many translation movements, whether academic or professional."
For the full story, please click here.


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All Too Huiying set for Brisbane audition
Posted by: AAP+ at 2:26pm on 2/5/2018
All Too Huiying lines up in Saturday's Schweppes Handicap
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All Too Huiying finally gets an opportunity to book a trip to Queensland after an awkward barrier forced trainer Gary Moore to scratch the colt from the Hawkesbury Guineas.
A stakes-winning three-year-old, All Too Huiying now lines up in Saturday's Schweppes Handicap (1500m) on his home track at Rosehill as the top weight.
"I'm looking at Brisbane though haven't mapped out an idea of what he would run in," Moore said.
He was looking forward to gauging All Too Huiying's form when he returns from a let-up following an unplaced run in the Listed Canberra Guineas (1400m) in March.
Moore was encouraged by All Too Huiying's barrier trial at Warwick Farm on April 20, where the feedback was positive from Christian Reith, who is in the saddle again at Rosehill.
"He knows the horse really well and he says he feels as well as he felt prior to when he won in Melbourne, that's good to know," Moore said.
All Too Huiying's victory in the Listed Seppelt Wines Stakes (1800m) at Flemington in November is the high point of a 16-race career featuring three wins and six minor placings.