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Far East Kingdoms
Khans of Astrakhan (Tartars)
This Tarter khanate was a Turkic-speaking splinter state of the disintegrating Golden Horde, one of many. It occupied territory on the north-western shore of the Caspian Sea, bordered to the north and east by the aggressive and normally hostile Nogai Horde (the Nogay or Nogais), with the newly-created Kazan khanate on the eastern side of the Volga, and the Crimean khanate to the west, inland from the Caspian coastal area.
Occupying a small area of territory around the mouth of the Volga, the Astrakhan khanate was supposedly (but not necessarily) formed by Mahmud, the son of Kuchuk Muhammad. Both he and his father were rulers of the Golden Horde during its last years, when it was being torn to pieces by rival claimants and by the formation of independent khanates out of its territory. For some years Mahmud had contended for power against Ahmad, his own brother, but in 1465 he gave up the fruitless conflict and instead carved out his own independent khanate from former territory of the Golden Horde. Opposing theories suggest that it was Mahmud's son Qasim who founded the khanate, or that it may not have been independent at all until the fall of the Great Horde in 1502. Being one of the horde's key locations - and its new capital - it was then viewed as the titular inheritor of the horde's prestige and status. None of these theories can be proven satisfactorily but they offer a powerful and creditable alternative.
If he were indeed acting independently, Mahmud centred his khanate on the capital at Astrakhan, which seems to have been founded shortly before its first mention in history in 1333. Known more accurately as Xacitarxan or Hajji Tarkhan (a Tartar), this transformed in time into Actarxan or Hashtar Khan, and became the modern Astrakhan. It was located on the southern bank of the Volga shortly before the river entered the Caspian Sea, and commanded a bubble of territory that extended back along the Volga, almost as far as the modern city of Volgagrad (formerly Tsaritsyn from 1589 and Stalingrad during the Stalin period of Communist rule). Tartar Astrakhan was located about twelve kilometres (nine miles) north of the modern city of the same name. In 1395 it was sacked by Timur during his conquest of the Golden Horde from his new base in Persia and was subsequently rebuilt.
(Information by Peter Kessler, with additional information from Josafa Barbaro & Ambrogio Contarini: Travels to Tana and Persia, Henry E J Stanley (Ed, Hakluyt Society Series No 49, 1873), from An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples, Peter B Golden (1992), from the Encyclopaedia Britannica: Or, A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Miscellaneous Literature, Enlarged and Improved, Volume 3, from The Encyclopaedia of Islam (New Edition), C E Bosworth, E van Donzel, B Lewis, & Ch Pellat (Eds), and from External Links: Encyclopaedia.com, and World of Royalty.)
Mahmud Astrakhani
Son of Kuchuk Muhammad. Former khan of the Golden Horde.
Mahmud Astrakhani is generally believed to have founded a state at Astrakhan during the disintegration of the Golden Horde. However, some scholars prefer to acclaim his son, Qasim, as the actual founder of a fully independent khanate instead, perhaps, of an autonomous division of the Golden Horde. In fact, Astrakhan itself is one of the centres of the Golden Horde after the destruction of the former capital at Saray, and may remain so until the horde's dissolution in 1502.
The Mongol empire created by Chingiz Khan gradually broke up over the course of three hundred years until, by around AD 1500, it had fragmented into several more-or-less stable khanates that each vied with the others for power and influence, while having to fend off the growing power of the Ottoman empire to the south and Moscow Sate (Muscovy) to the north - in the end it was an unwinnable fight (click or tap on map to view full sized)
Qasim (I) / Kasim (I)
Son. Founder of the khanate?
Ambrogio Contarini is a Venetian diplomat and merchant who, during his travels, records his adventures throughout the east as a form of travelogue. As the envoy of Venice, he has been visiting the royal Persian court at Isfahan in 1474 in pursuit of a military alliance with the dominant White Sheep emirate against the mutually hostile Ottomans. The talks are largely fruitless so in 1475 Contarini begins a circuitous return that must by necessity avoid the Ottomans. The task is even more difficult because, at the start of 1475, they conquer Caffa and the Crimean khanate. The latter remains an Ottoman vassal to its very end.
Contarini travels through Derbent in Dagestan and visits Astrakhan to be able to access the Volga and a return to Europe via Moscow state. He notes the paucity of trade in the city despite the presence of Russian, Tatar, Persian, Transcaucasian, and Central Asian merchants. The city has never fully recovered from being sacked by Timur around 1391. The region as a whole is politically unstable and trade is crippled by extortion.
Abd al Karim / Abdal-Karim Khan
The Crimean khanate apparently seizes all of the Great Horde's horses, and encourages Moscow to deliver the death blow as a result. Both Moscow and the Ottomans dispatch forces which include Russian cavalry, Tartars, and Janissaries. This causes part of the horde to secede in November 1491 which goes on to form the Sibir khanate, while the remainder is routed by its enemies. Khan Murtada Beg may be weakened by this but he clings on to power for a further eight years (and his son, Aq Köbek, goes on to seize the Astrakhan khanate in 1532).
Much of the Great Horde's people and horses are captured by the khan of the Crimea and forcibly relocated to the Crimea itself. It is not clear whether this is a repetition of the events of 1491 or a separate event. Shaykh Ahmad flees with about 4,000 horsemen. While he attempts to come to amicable terms with first Moscow and then khan of Astrakhan, the Nogais kick him out in 1504. Ahmad is forced to flee again, trying negotiation with Poland and then with the Ottomans at the former Genoese fortress of Mauro Castro. The Great Horde effectually disintegrates. However, Shaykh Ahmad's son Qasim succeeds as ruler of the Astrakhan khanate in 1504, with the help of the Nogais. The Mongol heartland continues to survive farther east as the Northern Yuan.
Qasay / Qasim (II) / Kasim (II)
Son of Khan Shaykh Ahmad of the Great Horde. Deposed & killed.
Aq Köbek is responsible for deposing and killing Qasim, and ending his long reign (Qasim's son, Yadigar Muhammad briefly rules as the last khan of the Kazan). However, during his own time as khan Aq Köbek apparently puts in place a treaty or agreement that, for the time being, guarantees the independence of Astrakhan from the Crimean khanate and the Nogais.
Aq Köbek / Aq Kubek
Son of Mortaza Beg of the Great Horde. Usurper. Deposed.
Abd al Rahman / Abdur-Rahman
Son of Abd al Karim.
Shaykh Haydar / Sheikh Haydar
Restored. Deposed.
With the help of the Nogais, Aq Köbek is deposed for a second and final time by his own nephew, Yaghmurchi. Aq Köbek's son, Mustafa Ali, goes on to become ruler of the Kasim khanate in 1584.
Yaghmurchi / Yamghurchi
Son of Berdibeg Khan. Defeated, fled, and killed.
The city of Astrakhan is briefly seized by Sahib Giray I of the Crimean khanate, but it would seem that Yaghmurchi is able to recover and return to restore his own rule on the city. By now, though, members of the Genghisid ruling family are thinking of leaving the city, to migrate to the other side of the Caspian Sea where they can join the Shaibanids at Bukhara.
Under Russian rule trade flourished in Astrakhan, sitting as it did on one of the prime east-west trade routes - the city is shown in this print in the sixteenth century
The Russians under Ivan IV attack the khanate. Yaghmurchi is defeated at the Battle of Xacitarxan (Astrakhan) and is forced to flee across the River Terek to the south, in Dagestan, close to the Caucus Mountains. In 1555 he is killed, either by the Russians, or by the Nogais, or by his own successor (sources conflict). The Russians and Nogais have already ensured that their own candidate to rule Astrakhan, Darwish Ali, is able to seize control. As a grandson of Shaykh Ahmad, the last khan of the Great Horde, he at least has some claim to the position.
Darwîsh Alî / Dervish Ali
Russian vassal.
Having been temporarily dethroned in 1555 by the Nogais, Darwîsh Alî had quickly been returned to Astrakhan with the support of the Russians. Despite his perilous position he begins to resist Russian and pro-Russian support and/or interference. He introduces a garrison of Turks into Xacitarxan (Astrakhan) and the end result is that the city is besieged by the Russians in 1556. Ivan IV burns the city, forcing the Astrakhan khanate to surrender. Darwîsh Alî flees to continue a guerrilla struggle against the Russians but to no avail. Admitting defeat he heads north-eastwards to the town of Azov while Astrakhan is incorporated into Russia's growing empire.


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Honor America's Heroes
Retired Fire Chief participating in bicycling, running, sprint triathlons, duathlons to honor firefighters. My adventures are self-funded. People ask "Can we donate?" The answer is yes. You can donate to the Search Dog Foundation and/or the Lung Cancer Alliance.
Tour Down Under 2011: Cycling Weekly's coverage index
Nigel Wynn
Tour Down Under logo
Race fans are in for an early treat this year with three of the world's best sprinters going head-to-head in the opening event in the UCI's 2011 WorldTour calendar, the Tour Down Under.
Kicking off on Sunday January 16 with the stand-alone, one-day Cancer Council Classic warm-up race, the main Tour Down Under features six stages in and around Adelaide, Australia from Tuesday, January 18 to Sunday, January 23.
Sprint aces Mark Cavendish (HTC-Highroad), 2008 and 2010 winner Andre Greipel (Omega Pharma-Lotto) and Tyler Farrar (Garmin-Cervelo) will clash in the bunch sprints for the first time this year.
It's summer in Australia, so the northern hemisphere professionals can swap ice and snow of Europe for warm sun to ease their legs into racing.
With all stages within a stone's throw of each other, teams can set up base in a hotel and stay there for the duration of the race - no lengthy transfers here.
Even the parcours is inviting - none of the stages exceed 150 kilometres in length, and no time trial stages are included. The toughest thing the riders are likely to encounter is the hot weather - but that's not to say that the racing won't be fast.
Two further British riders join Cavendish in the line up for the event: Team Sky duo Ben Swift and British national champion Geraint Thomas.
All 18 ProTeams will contest the race in addition to local wildcard entry, Uni SA-Australia bringing the total to 19 squads with seven riders apiece.
Team Leopard-Trek makes its top-level racing debut at the race, and fields a squad featuring former double winner Stuart O'Grady (1999 and 2001).
The 2011 Tour Down Under is also notable as being the final professional road race outside the USA for seven-times Tour de France champion Lance Armstrong (RadioShack) two years after he made his comeback from retirement at the race in 2009.
Mark Cavendish and Bernhard Eisel warm-up in Adelaide
Tour Down Under 2011: Latest news
Cavendish-Greipel duel: Let the fun begin
Sky's Thomas keeping covered Down Under
Armstrong faces questions on doping investigation and 2009 payments
Armstrong in Adelaide: One more time
Tour Down Under 2011: Who will win?
Tour Down Under 2011: Start list
Farrar heads Garmin-Cervelo's Down Under assault
Cavendish to face Greipel Down Under with in-form Goss
Cavendish to start 2011 Tour Down Under
Farrar to ride Tour Down Under
Tour Down Under 2011: Stage reports
Cancer Council Classic: Goss
wins Down Under opener after Sky crash
Tour Down Under 2011: Photo galleries
Cancer Council Classic gallery
Tour Down Under 2011: Stages
Sun Jan 16: Cancer Council Classic, won by Matt Goss (HTC-Highroad)
Tues Jan 18: Stage one - Mawson Lakes to Angaston, 138km
Weds Jan 19: Stage two - Tailem Bend to Mannum, 146km
Thurs Jan 20: Stage three - Unley to Stirling, 129km
Fri Jan 21: Stage four - Norwood to Strathalbyn, 124km
Sat Jan 22: Stage five - McLaren Vale to Willunga, 131km
Sun Jan 23: Stage six - Adelaide City Council Street Circuit, 90km
Tour Down Under 2011: TV guide
Highlights and some live coverage of the 2011 Tour Down Under will be shown on satellite channels Sky Sports 2 (channel 402), Sky Sports 3 (channel 403) and Sky Sports 4 (channel 404). Select programmes will also be shown in high definition.
Monday, January 17, 10am. Tour Down Under, highlights (Cancer Council Classic), Sky Sports 3 & 3HD
Monday, January 17, 2.30pm. Tour Down Under, highlights (Cancer Council Classic), Sky Sports 3
Tuesday, January 18, 6.30pm. Tour Down Under, highlights, Sky Sports 2
Wednesday, January 19, 5am. Tour Down Under, Sky Sports 2 & 2HD
Wednesday, January 19, 6.30pm. Tour Down Under, Sky Sports 2 & 2HD
Thursday, January 20, 2am. Tour Down Under, Sky Sports 4
Thursday, January 20, 3.30am. Tour Down Under, Sky Sports 2 & 2HD
Thursday, January 20, 6.30pm. Tour Down Under, Sky Sports 2 & 2HD
Friday, January 21, 6pm. Tour Down Under, Sky Sports 4 & 4HD
Saturday, January 22, 12am. Tour Down Under LIVE, Sky Sports 4 & 4HD
Saturday, January 22, 3pm. Tour Down Under, Sky Sports 4HD
Sunday, January 23, 2.30am. Tour Down Under LIVE, Sky Sports 4 & 4HD
Sunday, January 23, 4pm. Tour Down Under, Sky Sports 4 & 4HD
Tour Down Under 2011: Teams
Tour Down Under 2011: Full start list, with race numbers>>
Ag2r La Mondiale (France)
Astana (Kazakhstan)
BMC Racing Team (USA)
Euskaltel-Euskadi (Spain)
Garmin-Cervelo (USA)
HTC-Highroad (USA)
Katusha (Russia)
Lampre-ISD (Italy)
Liquigas-Cannondale (Italy)
Leopard-Trek (Luxembourg)
Movistar (Spain)
Omega Pharma-Lotto (Belgium)
Quickstep (Belgium)
Rabobank (Netherlands)
Saxo Bank-SunGard (Denmark)
Team Sky (Great Britain)
Radioshack (USA)
Uni SA-Australia (Australia)
Vacansoleil-DCM (Netherlands)
Tour Down Under 2011: British riders
Mark Cavendish (HTC-Highroad)
Ben Swift (Team Sky)
Geraint Thomas (Team Sky)
Tour Down Under: Jerseys
Ochre (orange) jersey: Overall race leader
White jersey: King of the mountains leader
Blue jersey: Sprint classification leader
Black jersey: Best young rider
Red jersey: Most aggressive rider
Tour Down Under: 2010 overall top ten1. André Greipel (Ger) HTC Columbia 18-47.05 hrs
2. Luis Leon Sanchez (Esp) Caisse d'Epargne at 11 secs
3. Greg Henderson (NZl) Team Sky at 15 secs
4. Robbie McEwen (Aus) Katusha at 17
5. Luke Roberts (Aus) Milram at same time
6. Cadel Evans (Aus) BMC at 21 secs
7. Eduard Vorganov (Rus) Katusha at 25 secs
8. Jurgen Roelandts (Bel) Omega Pharma Lotto at 26 secs
9. Robbie Hunter (RSA) Garmin Transitions at same time
10. Markus Fothen (Ger) Milram at 27 seconds
Tour Down Under: Previous winners
2010 Andre Greipel (Ger) HTC-Columbia
2009 Allan Davis (Aus) Quick Step
2008 Andre Greipel (Ger) High Road
2007 Martin Elmiger (Swi) Ag2r
2006 Simon Gerrans (Aus) Ag2r
2005 Luis Leon Sanchez (Spa) Liberty Seguros
2004 Patrick Jonker (Aus) UniSA
2003 Mikel Astarloza (Spa) Ag2r
2002 Michael Rogers (Aus) Australia Institute of Sport
2001 Stuart O'Grady (Aus) Credit Agricole
2000 Gilles Maignan (Fra) Ag2r
2011 UCI World Calendar
Santos Tour Down Under 2011: official website
Four Footed Heroes
Click photo for Search Dog Foundation information
Alliance for Lung Cancer Advocacy,Support, and Education
Click photo for lung cancer information
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Published on McHenry County Historical Society and Museum (https://mchenrycountyhistory.org)
Home > Printer-friendly > Printer-friendly > Life Before Malls
Life Before Malls
The 1920's ushered in the age of American consumerism. With the sacrifices of the Great War behind it, American turned its back on the old and set its face defiantly, if somewhat apprehensively, to the future, to the new and to the modern. McHenry population increased greatly from 1900 to 1929, and businesses grew along with it.
Advertising was revolutionized during the decade. From merely advertising lists of products available, manufacturers saw the possibilities of creating not only new products, but also the need for them. Aggressively pursing this, they defined what it meant to be successful and told the customer what they needed to buy to achieve it. The new was exciting, but there were also underlying uncertainties. Listerine ads ask—Is your breath really fresh—Are you sure about yourself?
People in McHenry County, while embracing the new era, kept much of their day-to-day lives steady and predictable. Farm and town families alike continued to grow many of their vegetables in a back yard garden. Chicken coops were not unusual. Canning fruits and vegetables in season kept many housewives tied to stoves in a hot kitchen in August and September. Rows of beautiful canned peaches, tomatoes, pickles and jams from her labors rewarded the whole family through the winter. Traditional ads showed women demonstrating their love for their families by preparing and serving homemade food. Women were very seldom, however, depicted as indulging themselves by actually eating.
The Campbell Soup Company became a leader in changing this image. They launched a series of ads claiming their soups were more nutritious than the soups made by the housewife. They suggested that furthermore their modern facilities were more sanitary than the dubious cleanliness of the average kitchen. Opening a can of Campbell Soup and enjoying it with your family was more efficient, modern and healthful. The Twenties saw the growth of the brand name product. The Crystal Lake Herald of 1923 ran ads for Armor Star bacon, Maxwell House coffee and Del Monte salmon. The chain store also began its march across the country. F.W. Woolworth, J.C. Penney, Safeway, Kresge and Piggly Wiggly began to exert pressure on the "Ma and Pa" stores. Schueneman Bros. urged customers to "buy at home—your dollar buys more value here than anywhere else."
McHenry County in the Twenties was still dominated by the specialty store. Most any item that a family needed could be had by going downtown. Most downtown areas included a department store, hardware, pharmacy, bakery, meat market, grocery store, ladies' dress shop, millinery , and five-and-dime. For example, in 1920 Woodstock had two bakeries, four stores offering meat markets, four clothing stores, two retail dry goods, two furniture, three hardwares and many more shops. Smaller Harvard had two clothing stores, one retail dry goods, one furniture, two hardwares, two meat markets, and two bakeries plus other goods and services. Most every town had a dressmaker, a tailor and a shoe repairman who also sold and mended harness "in time for your spring plowing needs." Proprietors often were very knowledgeable in the products they offered, having been in that line of business for generations. An example of this was Samter's Store for men in Marengo. The store was founded by G.A. Samter in 1853 after arriving from Germany. When he retired in 1897 the store was managed by his son until 1917. Then a grandson, Harry Buell took over and ran the family business for 54 years until it was sold in 1972. The "Reliable Clothier" was a Marengo mainstay for 119 years.
Elite Shop of Marengo in 1927 proudly announced that their new owners "with their pleasing personalities and friendly manners…are operating…with the welfare of their customers first at heart…" When, in 1921, the Piggly Wiggly chain introduced a new way of shopping with self-service lanes scientifically laid out, customers felt somehow subtly diminished in importance. Service was the order of the day. Not only Marshall Field sought to "give the lady what she wants."
Before electric refrigeration, ice boxes in the home kept food fresh but necessitated more frequent shopping. Grocery stores accepted orders by phone and delivered to the home that same day. Crystal Lake Grocery store sold Marshalls best flour for $1.85 in the store or $1.09 delivered. Most stores delivered for free. When refrigeration became common, grocery shopping could be done once a week. A shopping trip required the lady to be dressed properly. No one wanted to be seen in public in less than their best. At the store, the customer presented the clerk with a list of items desired, or told them what was needed. The clerk then fetched the items for the customer and bagged them. Bagging was carefully done. In grocery stores, especially, heavier items were placed in the bottom of the bag and braced against each other so they would not shift when the bag was lifted. Purchases were carried to the customers' car or carriage.
Stores were closed Wednesday afternoons, open until nine on Saturdays. Everyone was closed Sundays, of course. Downtown Saturday night was a big event in McHenry County towns. Parking spaces were at a premium. The noise level coming from downtown rose steadily through the evening as cars arrived, people went from store to store, stopped to chat and catch up on the latest news. Stores, ice cream parlors and movies theatres all did a brisk business. One Saturday night in Harvard in 1922 had 620 autos and 22 horse drawn carriages clogging the streets and maneuvering for parking space.
Women continued to make many items of their own and their families' clothing by hand. Patterns and material were readily available at the local five and dime. For social occasions, however, a purchased dress in the latest style was required. Mail order dresses were available by catalog. The Chicago Mail Order co. offered in 1921 a beaded silk crepe dress for $6.98. The local ladies' dress shop was the mainstay for dress shopping for most people. The owner of such a shop took pride in having on hand just what was wanted by a long-term customer. Fitting was free. The Corner Shop of Crystal Lake, catering to the conservative tastes of McHenry County ladies (or perhaps just in possession of an overstock) announced in a 1923 ad "what every woman knows---that corsets are going to be worn just as much as ever." The corset, however, was on the way to extinction. The boyish figure, slim and flat-chested, was the new fashion. Flapper looks were viewed initially with some suspicion. It was said that girls were becoming too thin, wearing themselves out doing the Charleston.
Roads, some newly paved, railroads and electric lines crisscrossed the county, making the excitement of out-of-town shopping within reach of more people, but still sufficiently noteworthy to merit an item in next week's newspaper. "Mrs. Henry Jones spent Thursday shopping in Woodstock." Better yet was a train ride to Chicago for a day spent at Marshall Field's.
The shopping and buying of the Twenties was financed increasingly by the use of credit. The age of the easy monthly payment was born. Public Service Co. would deliver a Federal electric washing machine to county residents for $5 down and monthly payments of $7.50. A Federal electric vacuum cleaner could be had for $1.40 down. J.P. Kroger of Crystal Lake offered a Ford Touring car (total price $298 f.o.b. Detroit) for "a small down payment and the balance on easy terms."
The rising amount of debt did not concern most people. A player piano was $12 a month, a refrigerator $10 a month. The Music Company would gladly arrange payments on a modern, new Victrola music machine. The Corner Shop had a special showing of hats of "original and Parisian cleverness." Excitement was in the air. An easier life could be paid for as we go. In the mid 1920's, the hard times seemed all behind them. And they were---for a while.
by--Jean Nigbor
Local History [2]
Source URL (modified on 06/26/2014 - 12:32pm): https://mchenrycountyhistory.org/life-malls
[1] https://mchenrycountyhistory.org/tags/research
[2] https://mchenrycountyhistory.org/tags/local-history


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Wife of Iranian-Canadian Who Died in Jail Barred From Leaving Iran-Son
By Bozorgmehr Sharafedin
LONDON, March 8 (Reuters) – The wife of an Iranian-Canadian environmental activist who died in prison in Tehran last month was barred from leaving Iran, one of her sons said, in an unexplained move that drew an angry response from Canada.
Raam Emami said in an email to journalists that security forces had not allowed his mother Maryam Mombeini to get on a plane to Vancouver with him and his brother on Wednesday night.
Mombeini is the widow of Kavous Seyed-Emami, an environmental activist and sociology professor who was arrested on Jan. 24 and died in prison. Iran's judiciary said Seyed-Emami, 63, had committed suicide.
The family has called for independent probe into his death.
Canada's Minister of Foreign Affairs, Chrystia Freeland, said in a message posted on Twitter that she was "outraged" to learn that Mombeini had been barred from leaving Iran.
"We demand that, as a Canadian, she be given the freedom to return home," she added.
Iranian judiciary officials were not immediately available for comment.
Seyed-Emami was the managing director of the Persian Wildlife Heritage Foundation, which seeks to protect Iran's rare animals. Iran's judiciary said he had set up the NGO as a cover to collect classified information on Iran's missile programme.
Raam Emami said the family decided to leave Iran after being constantly "harassed".
"The government raided our home and seized all of our valuables (most importantly deeds to our homes), we can no longer stand this state of constant terror," he said.
Raam Emami has previously said that the family was under pressure from authorities not to publicise the case of Seyed-Emami.
"The authorities told our lawyers to tell the brothers 'to shut up or we'll shut them up,' Emami said, adding government agents had told him they were watching him.
Human rights activists have reported that at least six detainees have died in prison in the last two months in Iran. The judiciary has confirmed three deaths in custody but said all three had committed suicide.
Bilateral ties between Iran and Canada worsened in 2003 when an Iranian-Canadian photo journalist, Zahra Kazemi, died in Tehran's Evin prison while in custody.
Canada cut all diplomatic ties with Iran in 2012.
(Reporting by Bozorgmehr Sharafedin, additional reporting by Yeganeh Torbati in Washington, Editing by William Maclean)
Kavus Seyyed-Emami
Persian Wildlife Heritage Foundation


Next month, I will be hosting a panel discussion for the Lake Highlands Chamber of Commerce, "What Businesses Need to Know About Sustainability" with the intent of providing businesses an understanding of what sustainable business practices are and why they make financial sense to engrain them in your business plan. Even though I was the one that chose this topic for the March Forum, I can honestly say that going into I thought sustainability was an issue more closely linked with environmental concerns than the overall positioning of how a company sees profits, people and the planet.
However, when I started doing more in-depth research on this topic, I came across a very succinct, yet detailed description of sustainability from the University of North Florida that I would like to share with you in order to provide a better understanding of what sustainable truly is and how it can encompass the entire strategy and culture of a business (both large and small).
When thinking of sustainability in the future, "holistic" will be one of the key words that I remember and the diagram above that shows sustainability as a cross roads of Profit, People and Planet depicts it well. Without treating your people (and your customers) right, you certainly can't have a profitable business. Without care and stewardship for the environment, you can't have satisfied customers or employees. Everything works together to create a sustainable business that can thrive and be both profitable and have a positive impact on the communities they operate in.
And don't forget, Earth Day Texas is April 21 – 23rd at Fair Park.


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Saint-Aubin-du-Thenney est une commune française située dans le département de l'Eure, en région Normandie.

Géographie

Localisation

Urbanisme

Typologie
Saint-Aubin-du-Thenney est une commune rurale, car elle fait partie des communes peu ou très peu denses, au sens de la grille communale de densité de l'Insee.

Par ailleurs la commune fait partie de l'aire d'attraction de Bernay, dont elle est une commune de la couronne. Cette aire, qui regroupe , est catégorisée dans les aires de moins de .

Occupation des sols

L'occupation des sols de la commune, telle qu'elle ressort de la base de données européenne d'occupation biophysique des sols Corine Land Cover (CLC), est marquée par l'importance des territoires agricoles (95,5 % en 2018), une proportion identique à celle de 1990 (95,5 %). La répartition détaillée en 2018 est la suivante :
terres arables (59 %), prairies (36,5 %), forêts (4,5 %).

L'IGN met par ailleurs à disposition un outil en ligne permettant de comparer l'évolution dans le temps de l'occupation des sols de la commune (ou de territoires à des échelles différentes). Plusieurs époques sont accessibles sous forme de cartes ou photos aériennes : la carte de Cassini (), la carte d'état-major (1820-1866) et la période actuelle (1950 à aujourd'hui).

Toponymie
Le nom de la localité est attesté sous les formes Thaneth vers 1050 (Fauroux 120); Sanctus Albinus de Taneio en 1238 (cartulaire de Préaux); Saint Aubin de Thennay en 1692 (ibid.); Saint-Aubin du Tenney en 1707 (ibid.), Saint Aubin de Tanney ou de Launay en 1722 (Masseville); Saint-Aubin-de-Thenay en 1809 (Peuchet et Chanlaire).

La forme de 1707 reflète l'apparition de l'article défini le, d'où de le > du. En effet, il n'y a pas d'article dans les formes antérieures. La division en deux paroisses du lieu Thaneth, à savoir saint-Aubin et Saint-Jean date du Moyen Âge.

Saint-Aubin est un hagionyme, l'église est dédiée à Aubin d'Angers.

Thaneth représente une formation toponymique antique ou médiévale de type *Tanetum, *Tannetum (*TANNETU), dont le suffixe -ETU d'origine indigène ou latine sert à désigner un ensemble d'arbres ou de plantes appartenant à la même espèce. -ETU a régulièrement donné la terminaison -ey en langue d'oïl (parfois noté -ay) ou plus rarement -é / -et (cf. Livet-en Ouche). Sa forme féminine -ETA a donné le suffixe toujours productif -aie (ancien français -aye cf. la Fontelaye) servant encore à désigner un ensemble d'arbres (exemples : chênaie; hêtraie; etc.).

Le premier élément Thenn- représente le celtique (gaulois) *tanno- « chêne vert », comme le suggère la forme la plus ancienne Thaneth cf. breton tannen « sorte de chêne »; cornique glastannen « chêne vert » et le vieil irlandais tinne « houx », arbre souvent associé au jeune chêne vert en raison d'un feuillage similaire (d'où latin quercus ilex). *Tanno- est souvent donné dans les ouvrages de référence pour un simple chêne, mais seul le mot cassinu > chêne est générique en français. Tanno- est également l'origine du français tan sorti de l'usage au sens de « chêne vert », mais ayant conservé une relation sémantique avec ce mot, et ses dérivés tanner; tanneur; tannerie.

Homonymie avec Tanis (Manche, Taneia 1172) et Tennie (Sarthe, Tanida IX siècle), avec des évolutions locales du suffixe -ETU / -ETA > -i(e), ainsi que Thanney (Manche, Cérences) et  (Ardennes, Nièvre). Ailleurs en Europe : Tanedo (Lombardie, Tanetum, Tite-Live) et Île de Thanet (GB, Kent, Tanatus, époque romaine).

Histoire

Politique et administration

Démographie

Lieux et monuments
 Église Saint-Aubin

Personnalités liées à la commune
 André Vervoort (1865-1943), journaliste français, est mort et inhumé à Saint-Aubin-du-Thenney.

Voir aussi
 Liste des communes de l'Eure

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Liens externes

 Saint-Aubin-du-Thenney sur le site de l'Institut géographique national

Saint-Aubin-du-Thenney
Aire d'attraction de Bernay

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
How Much Are Tickets to the Oscars in 2019?
Natasha Reda Published: February 22, 2019
Antony Jones, Getty Images
Want to attend the 2019 Oscars? Here's what you need to know.
The 91st annual Academy Awards are just two days away, and as some of the most talented stars prepare for the most glamorous night in Hollywood, we're all wondering how to score tickets to the ceremony.
Unfortunately, the public can't buy tickets for this year's Oscars. Sigh.
Instead, the Dolby Theatre in Los Angeles will be filled with presenters, nominees, and their guests, as well as all the Hollywood studio executives—and tickets cost between $150-$750 depending on where you're sitting. According to a photo shared to actress Viola Davis's Instagram account last year, her seat cost her $750 per person.
The good news is you can still buy tickets to the hottest after-parties, but you'll need to be ready to dish out a lot of money for them, too. Tickets to Vanity Fair's Oscar party were reportedly a whopping $25,000 in 2018 and access to Elton John's annual AIDS Foundation Academy Award party cost buyers $3,990. It's unclear how much they're going for this year, but if you're interested, there's still some available at VIP Concierge.
We think we're just going to tune into CBS this Sunday, February 24 at 8 p.m. ET, so we can watch for free! Find out everything you need to know about the 2019 Oscars here.
Source: How Much Are Tickets to the Oscars in 2019?
Filed Under: 2019 Oscars, Academy Awards, Oscars
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Lone Parenthood in the Life Course
This book PDF is perfect for those who love Social Science genre, written by Laura Bernardi and published by Springer which was released on 08 November 2017 with total hardcover pages 338. You could read this book directly on your devices with pdf, epub and kindle format, check detail and related Lone Parenthood in the Life Course books below.
Author : Laura Bernardi
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Lone Parenthood in the Life Course by Laura Bernardi Book PDF Summary
Lone parenthood is an increasing reality in the 21st century, reinforced by the diffusion of divorce and separation. This volume provides a comprehensive portrait of lone parenthood at the beginning of the XXI century from a life course perspective. The contributions included in this volume examine the dynamics of lone parenthood in the life course and explore the trajectories of lone parents in terms of income, poverty, labour, market behaviour, wellbeing, and health. Throughout, comparative analyses of data from countries as France, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Germany, Belgium, Sweden, Switzerland, Hungary, and Australia help portray how lone parenthood varies between regions, cultures, generations, and institutional settings. The findings show that one-parent households are inhabited by a rather heterogeneous world of mothers and fathers facing different challenges. Readers will not only discover the demographics and diversity of lone parents, but also the variety of social representations and discourses about the changing phenomenon of lone parenthood. The book provides a mixture of qualitative and quantitative studies on lone parenthood. Using large scale and longitudinal panel and register data, the reader will gain insight in complex processes across time. More qualitative case studies on the other hand discuss the definition of lone parenthood, the public debate around it, and the social and subjective representations of lone parents themselves. This book aims at sociologists, demographers, psychologists, political scientists, family therapists, and policy makers who want to gain new insights into one of the most striking changes in family forms over the last 50 years. This book is open access under a CC BY License.
Lone Parenthood in the Life Course by Laura Bernardi,Dimitri Mortelmans
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text:
Last edited by Zolomuro
2 edition of Effects of water on coal cutting forces and primary dust distribution found in the catalog.
Effects of water on coal cutting forces and primary dust distribution
Wallace W. Roepke
by Wallace W. Roepke
Published 1985 by U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines in Pittsburgh, Pa. (P.O. Box 18070, Pittsburgh 15236) .
Coal-cutting bits -- Testing.,
Coal mines and mining -- Dust control.,
Bibliography: p. 8.
Statement by Wallace W. Roepke and Theodore A. Myren.
Series Report of investigations / Bureau of Mines ;, 8993, Report of investigations (United States. Bureau of Mines) ;, 8993.
Contributions Myren, Theodore A.
LC Classifications TN23 .U43 no. 8993, TN813 .U43 no. 8993
Not long after the enactment of the Coal Mine Health and Safety Act, the U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM) and others conducted extensive research into water spray and wet scrubber systems to control respirable dust in coal mines. The primary aspects of water spray dust control included prewetting for dust prevention, localized ventilation. An electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is a filtration device that removes fine particles, like dust and smoke, from a flowing gas using the force of an induced electrostatic charge minimally impeding the flow of gases through the unit.. In contrast to wet scrubbers, which apply energy directly to the flowing fluid medium, an ESP applies energy only to the particulate matter being collected and.
Coal Dust in Longwall Mining-A Toolbox U.S. Department of Labor rectly on the cutting drum to deliver water as close as possible to the primary point of dust generation. The most commonly used drum water spray system is pick-point flushing, which The third type of dust collection system for coal fired power plants is the use of a cyclone as a point of use pre-filter. The cyclone will remove the majority of the coal dust from the airflow.
For years, many miners who breathed in too much coal dust got sick and died of black lung disease. But coal dust can cause serious health problems above ground as well, according to studies by a public-health researcher presented in Boston Sunday at the annual conference of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Containment of the dust-generating process and isolating workers from dusty areas are useful steps in reducing the effects of coal dust. of water into the dust cloud. primary .
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Effects of water on coal cutting forces and primary dust distribution by Wallace W. Roepke Download PDF EPUB FB2
Effects of water on coal cutting forces and primary dust distribution. Pittsburgh, Pa. (P.O. BoxPittsburgh ): U.S.
Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, (OCoLC) Research to evaluate the lubricity effects achieved by spraying water on the cutting bit of a mining machine or spraying water on the coal during cutting has shown that neither practice affects cutting forces, as had been believed.
Effects of water on coal cutting forces and primary dust distribution. Authors. Effects of water on coal cutting forces and primary dust distribution.
Published Date: "Research to evaluate the lubricity effects achieved by spraying water on the cutting bit of a mining machine or spraying water on the coal during cutting has shown that neither practice affects cutting forces, as had been believed.
Cited by: 1. Coal mining. Mining operations can negatively impact water supplies, often with long-lasting effects. The fundamental issue involves contamination of nearby rivers, lakes, and aquifers by what comes out of a coal mine—usually highly acidic water containing heavy metals like arsenic, copper, and lead.
The process is known as acid mine happens when certain substances (typically. To explore the effects of downwind and upwind coal cutting on dust pollution in a fully mechanized mining face, the airflow-dust migration was simulated by using ANSYS-FLUENT software, and the follow-up spraying dust control method was optimized according to the differences in dust concentration distribution during downwind and upwind coal : Guobao Zhang, Gang Zhou, Shuzheng Song, Lichao Zhang, Biao Sun.
The health and environmental impact of the coal industry includes issues such as land use, waste management, water and air pollution, caused by the coal mining, processing and the use of its addition to atmospheric pollution, coal burning produces hundreds of millions of tons of solid waste products annually, including fly ash, bottom ash, and flue-gas desulfurization sludge, that.
In order to study wetting agent effects on coal dust capture, laboratory experiments were conducted with three wetting agents used by the coal industry on mesh sized Pocahontas No.
3 coal dust. Significant differences in coal dust sink times were observed among the three wetting agents at water mixture concentrations of %, % and %. Finally, Rao () found that coal dust reduced growth and reproduction in two fruit tree species, at rates varying from gm2d 1.
The only study of the effects of dust on the commu- nity structure of a natural woodland has been that of Brandt & Rhoades (), who studied limestone dust deposition in Virginia, USA. In South Africa, for example, a study found that coal dust from the Richards Bay Coal Terminal harms local mangrove trees and related ecosystems by impairing the ability of the trees to photosynthesize.
The researchers noted: [coal] dust on the undersurface of leaves is not removed by wind, rain, or even physical washing. There is no such thing as a safe health threshold for coal dust. Yet just a few kilometres downwind of the central Queensland city of Mackay, giant coal terminals, which already feature open coal stockpiles, are being proposed for massive expansion.
This puts the health of the people of Mackay and surrounding townships and beach communities – particularly those living closer to the port and. Other impacts. High levels of dust can reduce visibility and become a safety hazard.
Coal dust is an important cause of underground explosions. Preventing underground explosions and their catastrophic consequences must always be a high priority in all mining operations, particularly underground coal mining operations.
However, coal repels water and requires the use of more moisture and, in some cases, chemical additives to increase absorption. Too little moisture results in airborne dust.
Too much moisture may compromise the integrity of the material, cause costly production problems/equipment damage and create dangerous sludge. Learn why particle size is important, how to interpret particle size distribution calculations, result interpretation, setting specifications and more.
HORIBA's full line of particle characterization instruments are explained in detail as well as how to select the right particle size analyzer for your application.
ing of the respiratory health effects of coal mine dust described in the NIOSH CCD, they do not contradict or critically modify the primary conclusions and associated recommendations given there. Rather, the new findings strength-en those conclusions and recommendations.
Overall, the evidence and logical basis for recommendations concerning. No adverse effects on product quality or plant and machinery should be created. But the system used in the plant is not meeting the entire requirement, especially it does not meet Health & Safety requirements.
Existing dust suppression system: The existing dust suppression system in the coal handling plant is a wet dust suppression system. While the coal industry continues to play a vital role in modern economies, governments involved in mining, as well as relevant environmental bodies, also recognize the significance of reducing the effects of coal mining on the environment.
Considering the potential for considerable dust emissions from coal mining activities, these bodies have. The Dust Bowl was a natural disaster that devastated the Midwest in the s. It was the worst drought in North America in 1, years.
  Unsustainable farming practices worsened the drought's effect, killing the crops that kept the soil in place. When winds blew, they raised enormous clouds of dust. 3 complications such as PMF was higher for those miners showing clinical symptoms and thus with more advanced extents of simple CWP.
Models developed on the basis of a American study5 indicate that between 2% and 12% of miners exposed to a constant dust burden of 2mg/m3 in a bituminous coal mine would be expected to have simple CWP after a 40 year working life.
From 1 Novemberthe occupational exposure limit (OEL) for respirable dust at coal mines is mg/m 3. Find out more about the exposure level review. Dust particles are generated and can become airborne during many of the extraction and processing activities associated with producing and processing rock and mineral products.
Other Health Effects. Irritation to eyes, ears, nose, throat, and skin. Emphysema. Drilling rock unleashes silica dust, which is 20 times more toxic than basic coal dust.
Enclose the primary hopper dump. Use water sprays to suppress the dust in the enclosure. Control coal dust at a company specializing in the unloading, storage and loading of dry bulk commodities, including coal, fertilizer, seed and animal feed.
The goal was to extend air filter life on loading equipment, reduce standing water and maintain good health/safety conditions, replacing marginally effective sprinklers. Where there is coal, there is coal dust, one of the biggest nuisances for coal-fired power plants. The U.S. produces more than 1 billion tons of coal each year, and.
Jacob Queen Last Modified Date: J Coal dust is harmful—the primary dangers are two disorders called coal workers pneumoconiosis (CWP) and progressive massive fibrosis (PMF). Both disorders are also commonly called black lung disease because of the way they make a person's lungs look.
These disorders can happen when people who work in coalmines inhale too much coal dust .
sunshinesteaming.com - Effects of water on coal cutting forces and primary dust distribution book © 2020


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UM School of Medicine's Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science Receives Endowment Gift from Pivot Health Solutions; Will Advance Research and Train Next Generation of Scientists in Physical Rehabilitation
NewsArchive Pages2020 ArchiveUM School of Medicine's Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science Receives Endowment Gift from Pivot Health Solutions; Will Advance Research and Train Next Generation of Scientists in Physical Rehabilitation
June 03, 2020 | Joanne Morrison
Victoria G. Marchese, PhD, PT
The Pivot Health Solutions Rehabilitation Science PhD Education Endowment Provides Critical Educational Support for PhD Students
Victoria G. Marchese, PhD, PT, Chair, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science (PTRS), University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMSOM), announced that Pivot Health Solutions has given $250,000 to fund the Pivot Health Solutions Physical Rehabilitation Science PhD Education Endowment. This important gift will be used as a critical resource for PhD students in Physical Rehabilitation Science in the Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science (PTRS) at UMSOM.
The Graduate Program in Physical Rehabilitation Science is a PhD training program with the primary goal of developing independent investigators who will advance the field of rehabilitation science research. The multidisciplinary program is supported by UMSOM's core faculty of internationally recognized researchers, who are closely linked to other basic science and clinical departments across the School of Medicine.
"Pivot's generous gift will ensure that we educate and train the next generation of leaders and researchers in the field of physical rehabilitation," said Dr. Marchese. "The UMSOM Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science is dedicated to advancing the profession of rehabilitation through high-quality research."
Faculty members are nationally recognized for their extensive experience leading the way in neuro motor performance and rehabilitation; musculoskeletal performance and rehabilitation; cardiovascular and pulmonary rehabilitation; rehabilitation engineering and robotics; and curricular design and delivery.
"As one of the fastest growing physical therapy service providers in the United States, we understand the importance of supporting education to ensure that we have the experts we need to help patients in need. This is especially true as we are seeing life expectancy in the U.S. increasing and as we better understand the important impact physical therapy has on the wellbeing of patients," said Chris Throckmorton, Chief Executive Officer of Pivot.
Based in Towson, MD, Pivot is the nation's fastest growing physical therapy services provider in the country. The company is committed to providing exceptional care while safely and efficiently getting patients back to their regular activities. With 259 facilities in six states and the District of Columbia, the company's innovative and personalized approach is designed to deliver the highest quality patient experience. Founded in 2000, Pivot Health Solutions is the parent company of Pivot Physical Therapy, Pivot Occupational Health, Pivot Onsite Innovations, Pivot Sports Medicine, and Pivot Performance. Together, Pivot's family of brands provides all of the resources patients need to get and stay healthy. Pivot Health Solutions has more than 2,500 employees offering health and wellness services throughout the United States.
"This endowment will help secure training from both a basic and clinical science perspective as we provide our students at the University of Maryland School of Medicine foundational knowledge of rehabilitation science, biomechanical analysis of human movement and advanced research design," said UMSOM Dean E. Albert Reece, MD, PhD, MBA, University Executive Vice President for Medical Affairs and the John Z. and Akiko K. Bowers Distinguished Professor.
PTRS has a long history of living its mission to advocate and advance societal health by optimizing wellness and human movement or function through excellence in education, research, clinical practice, and service, since its inception in 1956. The program has more than 200 DPT students, 8 PhD students, and 9 post-doctoral fellows. By integrating the principles of its mission, PTRS excels in: graduating culturally competent professionals capable of delivering excellent patient centered clinical care through critical thinking, evidence-based practice, and lifelong learning; providing new knowledge and evidence that enhances rehabilitation science and supports clinical practice through expertise, innovation, and technology; and guiding and promoting the physical therapy profession and rehabilitation sciences through engagement with scientific and professional organizations as well as local, national, and international communities.
About the University of Maryland School of Medicine
Now in its third century, the University of Maryland School of Medicine was chartered in 1807 as the first public medical school in the United States. It continues today as one of the fastest growing, top-tier biomedical research enterprises in the world -- with 45 academic departments, centers, institutes, and programs; and a faculty of more than 3,000 physicians, scientists, and allied health professionals, including members of the National Academy of Medicine and the National Academy of Sciences, and a distinguished two-time winner of the Albert E. Lasker Award in Medical Research. With an operating budget of more than $1.2 billion, the School of Medicine works closely in partnership with the University of Maryland Medical Center and Medical System to provide research-intensive, academic, and clinically based care for nearly 2 million patients each year. The School of Medicine has more than $540 million in extramural funding, with most of its academic departments highly ranked among all medical schools in the nation in research funding. As one of the seven professional schools that make up the University of Maryland, Baltimore campus, the School of Medicine has a total population of nearly 9,000 faculty and staff, including 2,500 student trainees, residents, and fellows. The combined School of Medicine and Medical System ("University of Maryland Medicine") has an annual budget of nearly $6 billion and an economic impact more than $15 billion on the state and local community. The School of Medicine faculty, which ranks as the 8th highest among public medical schools in research productivity, is an innovator in translational medicine, with 600 active patents and 24 start-up companies. The School of Medicine works locally, nationally, and globally, with research and treatment facilities in 36 countries around the world. Visit medschool.umaryland.edu
Joanne Morrison
Director of Marketing and Public Relations
University of Maryland School of Medicine
jmorrison@som.umaryland.edu
Financial Strain Linked to Increased Risk of Death in Older Adults Recovering from Heart Attack, UM School of Medicine Study Finds
Older adults who report being under severe financial strain were substantially more likely to die within six months of having a heart attack compared to those with moderate or no financial strain, according to a new study led by University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMSOM) researchers. Findings were published last week in the JAMA Internal Medicine and point to glaring disparities in medical outcomes due to financial circumstances.
In Memoriam: Jane Kroh Satterfield, PT '64, 1942-2020
The University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMSOM) and the Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science (PTRS) are mourning the death of Jane Kroh Satterfield, PT '64, who passed away on May 10, 2020 at the age of 78. Mrs. Satterfield, a native Baltimorean who received her BS in Physical Therapy from the UMSOM in 1964, was a lifelong advocate for the field of pediatric physical therapy, especially in the care for children with special needs.


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EJF in action: Revealing illegal fishing in Senegalese waters
In Senegal, illegal fishing threatens the food security and livelihoods of hundreds of thousands of people. The fishing industry contributes nearly 1.8% to the country's GDP and provides over 600,000 jobs, making it critically important for the entire country. Many coastal communities rely on small-scale fishing as their only means of survival – yet it is becoming impossible due to illegal, unregulated and unreported (IUU) fishing and an opaque fishing industry.
In 2021, an EJF office was opened in Dakar, focusing on transparency and participatory surveillance. Transparency is an essential solution to illegal fishing. Illegal fishing lets some trawlers catch vast amounts of fish, depleting vital populations and outcompeting small-scale local fishers who play by the rules.
However, data and decision-making are largely inaccessible, and the government does not have the capacity to regulate and stop illegal fishing on its own. Therefore, individual communities must also have the tools to take action to protect fisheries.
On the 15th of November 2022, EJF organised and participated in a conference on participatory surveillance - small-scale fishers and local authorities working together to monitor what is going on off the coast - at Cheikh Anta Diop University in Dakar. This was in collaboration with the Ministry of Fisheries and Maritime Economy, a number of civil society networks and the University. This collaboration with government and civil society is a key part of our efforts to end IUU fishing in Senegal, as we can only achieve this through partnership. The event was therefore an important milestone in our joint efforts to fight illegal fishing, showing a clear, public commitment from the government to work with civil society to do this.
A flagship tool we have developed for communities to engage in participatory surveillance is the DASE app. DASE, meaning 'evidence' in the Ghanaian dialect Fante, is a tool that allows its users to record evidence of illegal fishing as it is happening, and alerts authorities of the location and name of the vessel.
It has been designed in a way that is useful for small-scale fishers and local authorities – it uploads evidence later if there is no internet available at sea, it requires little storage space and waterproof pouches are given to protect phones. It can also help to resolve conflicts between different fishery stakeholders by providing concrete evidence of infractions. This app has been launched across West Africa in Ghana, Liberia and Senegal with great success.
The event and new film on participatory surveillance in Senegal, which premiered at the event, were very well received. Students in particular showed interest in co-management, and wanted to learn more about receiving training in participatory surveillance. It is inspiring to see leaders of the future in Senegal showing an interest in combating illegal fishing and transparency – we hope to strengthen this connection and ambition.
For many years, EJF has been working in West Africa to combat illegal fishing, and help restore fish populations for the small artisanal fishers who depend on them. On this trip to Senegal, the team went to Dakar's fishing port to continue to promote our activities and forge connections with people on the ground there. The offices are expanding their teams and projects as well, and we hope to continue this growth in the future.
In addition to rolling out the DASE app, EJF has also worked to empower small-scale fishers to take a role in fisheries co-management and voice their ideas and concerns, as well as promote alternative livelihood options to diversify local economies away from solely fishing. In Liberia, for example, EJF has helped set up collaborative management associations (CMAs), which give local communities a voice in managing their fisheries, providing them with a network and the tools to ensure transparency in both fisheries management and at sea.
In Ghana, Net Free Seas has been launched, a project which provides both an alternative income stream and opportunity to help prevent killer "ghost nets" from polluting the ocean through collecting and recycling them.
Throughout our work across West Africa, fishers and others directly impacted by illegal fishing are being given the resources and tools they need to end illegal fishing. We are working in close partnership with communities and national authorities to put an end to the illegal fishing that is devastating the ocean around West Africa. Together, we can bring fisheries out of the shadows and ensure a safe, sustainable future for us all.
UN High Seas Agreement: Failed, but not off the table
Another blow struck against illegal fishing


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Q: Unable to send GET request from Titanium Studio (Android Emulator) I am new in this field. I am working on Android application development. I am using Titanium studio for development. Currently I am working on log in component. I am using following code:
var win = Titanium.UI.currentWindow;

var username = Titanium.UI.createTextField({
color:'#336699',
top:10,
left:10,
width:300,
height:40,
hintText:'Username',
keyboardType:Titanium.UI.KEYBOARD_DEFAULT,
returnKeyType:Titanium.UI.RETURNKEY_DEFAULT,
borderStyle:Titanium.UI.INPUT_BORDERSTYLE_ROUNDED
});
win.add(username);

var password = Titanium.UI.createTextField({
color:'#336699',
top:60,
left:10,
width:300,
height:40,
hintText:'Password',
passwordMask:true,
keyboardType:Titanium.UI.KEYBOARD_DEFAULT,
returnKeyType:Titanium.UI.RETURNKEY_DEFAULT,
borderStyle:Titanium.UI.INPUT_BORDERSTYLE_ROUNDED
});
win.add(password);

var loginBtn = Titanium.UI.createButton({
title:'Login',
top:110,
width:90,
height:35,
borderRadius:1,
font:{fontFamily:'Arial',fontWeight:'bold',fontSize:14}
 });
win.add(loginBtn);

var loginReq = Titanium.Network.createHTTPClient();
loginBtn.addEventListener('click',function(e)
{
    if (username.value != '' && password.value != '')
{
    loginReq.open("GET","http://localhost:3000");
}
else
{
    alert("Username/Password are required");
}
});

But it's not working and not sending GET request.

A: Call send() on your HTTPClient
loginReq.open("GET","http://localhost:3000");
loginReq.send();

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
JAMA Intern Med. 2019 Jul 8. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.1438. [Epub ahead of print]
Effectiveness of a Bundled Intervention Including Adjunctive Corticosteroids on Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Stepped-Wedge Randomized Clinical Trial.
Lloyd M1,2, Karahalios A3, Janus E2,4, Skinner EH1,5, Haines T5, De Silva A3, Lowe S1, Shackell M1, Ko S4, Desmond L4, Karunajeewa H2,4,6; Improving Evidence-Based Treatment Gaps and Outcomes in Community-Acquired Pneumonia (IMPROVE-GAP) Implementation Team at Western Health.
Department of Physiotherapy, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Department of Medicine, Western Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
General Internal Medicine Unit, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
Division of Population Health and Immunity, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.
Community-acquired pneumonia remains a leading cause of hospitalization, mortality, and health care costs worldwide. Randomized clinical trials support the use of adjunctive corticosteroids, early progressive mobilization, antibiotic switching rules, and dietary interventions in improving outcomes. However, it is uncertain whether implementing these interventions will translate into effectiveness under routine health care conditions.
To evaluate the effectiveness of a bundle of evidence-supported treatments under conditions of routine care in a representative population hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia.
Design, Setting, and Participants:
A double-blind, stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized clinical trial with 90-day follow-up was conducted between August 1, 2016, and October 29, 2017, in the general internal medicine service at 2 tertiary hospitals in Melbourne, Australia, among a consecutive sample of patients with community-acquired pneumonia. The primary analysis and preparation of results took place between May 14 and November 25, 2018.
Treating clinical teams were advised to prescribe prednisolone acetate, 50 mg/d, for 7 days (in the absence of any contraindication) and de-escalate from parenteral to oral antibiotics according to standardized criteria. Algorithm-guided early mobilization and malnutrition screening and treatment were also implemented.
Main Outcomes and Measures:
Hospital length of stay, mortality, readmission, and intervention-associated adverse events (eg, gastrointestinal bleeding and hyperglycemia).
A total of 917 patients were screened, and 816 (351 women and 465 men; mean [SD] age, 76 [13] years) were included in the intention-to-treat analysis, with 401 patients receiving the intervention and 415 patients in the control group. An unadjusted geometric mean ratio of 0.95 (95% CI, 0.78-1.16) was observed for the difference in length of stay (days) between the intervention and control groups. Similarly, no significant differences were observed for the secondary outcomes of mortality and readmission, and the results remained unchanged after further adjustment for sex and age. The study reported higher proportions of gastrointestinal bleeding in the intervention group (9 [2.2%]) compared with the controls (3 [0.7%]), with an unadjusted estimated difference in mean proportions of 0.008 (95% CI, 0.005-0.010).
Conclusions and Relevance:
This bundled intervention including adjunctive corticosteroids demonstrated no evidence of effectiveness and resulted in a higher incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding. Efficacy of individual interventions demonstrated in clinical trials may not necessarily translate into effectiveness when implemented in combination and may even result in net harm.
Trial Registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02835040.
[Available on 2020-07-08]
10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.1438
ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT02835040
Silverchair Information Systems


The increasing number of disease outbreaks results in a demand for novel pathogen detectors. Carbohydrates serving as receptors for pathogen lectins have become the focus of such research. Two primary sugars, ‡-D-mannose and ‡-L-fucose, as receptors for Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively, are of great interest to researchers due to their high affinity. These interactions can be studied using carbohydrate microarrays, which are also suitable platforms for detecting bacterial pathogens. In addition, carbohydrates have the potential to act as sensing molecules in microcantilever-based biosensors. The goal of this research was to design a carbohydrate microarray system to study the interactions between bacteria and their carbohydrate receptors, and to apply these results to development of a microcantilever-based biosensor.
First, a carbohydrate microarray system was developed and evaluated utilizing the recognition specificity between ‡-D-mannose and type-1 fimbriae of E. coli ORN178. Chemically synthesized polysaccharides were immobilized non-covalently onto nitrocellulose membrane-coated glass slides using a contact printer. This microarray system was used to establish the optimized conditions of bacterial cultivation and hybridization for the expression of lectins. It specifically detects E. coli ORN178 with a detection limit of 104-105 cells/membrane. This binding interaction is absent when using E. coli ORN208 (a mutant of ORN178 strain expressing abnormal type-1 fimbriae), or E. coli O157:H7 as the targets. In addition, this binding interaction is abolished when pre-exposing E. coli ORN178 to free mannose. Then, the feasibility of utilizing this carbohydrate microarray system for profiling of bacteria by their carbohydrate binding specificity was investigated using eight carbohydrates and six bacterial strains. Each bacterial strain was cultivated and allowed to hybridize to the carbohydrate microarray under its optimal conditions for cell growth and lectin expression.
Second, a gold-coated microcantilever-based biosensor was covalently functionalized with carbohydrates, which served as the sensing molecules, followed by hybridization with 106cells/mL or 109cells/mL E. coli strains expressing green fluorescent proteins. Fluorescence emitted from E. coli ORN178/pGREEN or E. coli ORN208/pGREEN cells of both concentrations was observed under an epi-fluorescent microscope. Statistical analysis of the resonance frequencies, measured using Polytec Micro System Analyzer (MSA)-400, of both uncoated microcantilevers and microcantilevers functionalized with carbohydrates indicated that carbohydrate molecules were uniformly coated on the surface of functionalized microcantilevers. However, there was no statistically significant evidence to conclude that these two bacterial strains bound specifically to these fabricated microcantilever surfaces, a result different from our expectation, probably due to the non-uniform binding of bacterial cells.
This research represents the first step into the development of a carbohydrate microarray system for the evaluation of bacterial binding specificity to host cell surface carbohydrates and a microcantilever biosensor based on the interactions between bacterial adhesins and host cell receptors. By exploring the use of adhesin-carbohydrate binding specificities for bacteria classification, identification, and detection, this research opens the door for more investigations in the bacteria-carbohydrate interactions and in the development of diagnostic tools and biosensors that are more stable, easier to fabricate, and ones that do not require sample pre-enrichment, cell lysis, or cell staining typically required for current antibody- or nucleic acid-based bioassays.
Cheng, Yunyan, "DEVELOPMENT OF A CARBOHYDRATE MICROARRAY SYSTEM AND A MICROCANTILEVER-BASED BIOSENSOR FOR DETECTION OF TARGET BACTERIA" (2010). All Theses. 1027.


text:
Buy-to-letFinanceNews
Shelter: 250,000 homeless in temporary housing
Almost a quarter of a million homeless people (249,850) are living in temporary accommodation provided by local councils, according to charity Shelter.
Almost half (46%) of people recorded as homeless were children and young people, over 126,000, the vast majority of whom (124,290) are in temporary accommodation.
Other elements which make up recorded homelessness include people who are living in homeless hostels (14,729), those who sleep on the streets (2,688), and families who are accommodated by social services (3,309).
RICS: New buyer demand continues rise
In England overall, one in every 206 people was recorded as homeless.
In London, one in every 53 people was recorded as homeless; 19 of the worst affected 20 local authorities in the country were in the capital.
There were high rates across the city, from Newham (one in 22), to Kensington & Chelsea (one in 29).
The data collected by Shelter also found that in Manchester one in 81 were homeless, and in Birmingham it was one in 96.
Looking to towns, in Luton one in every 66 people were homeless, rising to one in 94 in Milton Keynes.
Eleanor Bateman, policy officer at Propertymark, said: "Figures for the number of people in temporary accommodation published in Shelter's latest report are a stark reminder of the undersupply of homes to rent in this country, and the affordability issues that this exacerbates.
"A historic lack of funding in the social rented sector, coupled with the many legislative pressures placed on the private rented sector in recent years have given rise to this situation, and drastic changes are now crucial.
"In order to ensure that the private rented sector can provide homes for those that need them, the UK government must prevent more landlords from leaving the sector – they have the perfect opportunity to level the playing field with the upcoming Renters' Reform White Paper."
Vida raises £20,000 for Crisis in Christmas campaign
227,000 households experiencing worst forms of homelessness
Enra and MT Finance raise £20k in festive football match


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President Muhammadu Buhari says Nigeria will continue to provide support for the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) based in N'djamena, Chad Republic despite being at what he calls "the low ebb of resources caused by COVID-19 and fallen oil prices,"
The President spoke Friday at the State House, Abuja, while receiving Ambassador Mamman Nuhu , Executive Secretary, Lake Chad Basin Commission and Head of Mission, MNJTF.
President Buhari said despite paucity of resources, security of Nigeria and that of her neighbours must have pride of place, "so I will consult with all the relevant officials, and we will do our best."
Ambassador Nuhu gave the President updates on the proposed recharge of Lake Chad, which he said was one of the priorities of Lake Chad Basin Commission, "and for which you have great passion," informing that the governments of China and Italy were of great support, and positive action should commence soon.
He also commended countries which have contributed troops to MNJTF, adding, , that kinetic military approach alone would not eradicate insurgency, and emphasis must also be placed on the root causes, particularly poverty.
Celebrities React To Chadwick Boseman's Death: 'Our Hearts Are Broken'
Patoranking Releases New Music Video For, 'Abule'
One thought on "We'll Continue To Support MNJTF, Buhari Assures"


The Yamas are the first step in the eight-fold path of Yoga. The Yamas in Sanskrit mean "restraints." And the first step of the Yamas is Ahimsa. Ahimsa means Non-Violence and is the jewel in the crown of yoga. The seat of yoga. The foundation of yoga. It is what all the rest of yogic philosophy stands upon.
I remember when I was first learning about Ahimsa in Yoga North ISYI Teacher Training and I was all like, "Check! ONE STEP CLOSER TO ENLIGHTENMENT! I'm not violent. I don't hit anyone and hurt anyone." Ummm, not quite. When you unpack the gift that is Ahimsa, you start to really see the subtle ways that we create violence within ourselves and within the world.
And our world, more than ever, needs Ahimsa.
2) The not-so-good kind of Fear that keeps you from living.
Back in 2000 I moved to the Twin Cities, I didn't know anyone, where to go, how to get anywhere, what to do. I felt trapped inside my fear. Day after day, I'd go to work and go back to my apartment. Then, I read a book called "The Artist's Way" by Julia Cameron. The book challenges you to do ONE NEW THING every day and those experiences will help fill your creative well. I accepted the challenge and made a list I'd always wanted to do and started checking them off of the list. My world expanded.
1) I felt powerful and confident. I had nurtured COURAGE. I was COURAGEOUS.
2) My world got more colorful with experiences and people.
3) Indeed, my creative juices flowed more freely.
4) Fear no longer was the boss of me. I was the boss of me.
Eleanor Roosevelt said, "Do one thing every day that scares you." There's a Minnesota woman named Molly who based an entire blog called "Hey Eleanor" on this quote. She has done some WILD things all in the name of leaning into her fears and expanding her edges and she writes about each experience (watching a surgery, having a baby, skydiving) with humor and delight. Molly discovered what happens when you lean into your fears; she discovered that leaning into your fears is incredibly fertile ground.
And that's the whole of it isn't it? Living a life in color. Living a courageous life. Not letting our fears dictate and shrink our world.
Leaning in. It's fertile ground for self-discovery, self-love, and self-confidence. Every day, lean in in the smallest of ways (it doesn't have to be skydiving) and press your edges outward. Seek out opportunities that cause you to be a little nervous (saying hello to a stranger, going to a new restaurant, going to a social gathering where you don't know anyone, taking a road trip, trying a new food etc.) and watch what happens. Fertile ground.
See what happens. Lean into your fears. Expand your edges. Be courageous. Post below to let us know how it feels and what happens.


text:
Dolophrosyne Prout 1918 TS = Dolophrosyne mirax
A small genus endemic to high elevation cloud forests of the eastern slope of the Andes from Ecuador to Bolivia. Larvae feed on Chusquea bamboos (Poaceae).
Small, drab moths with small eyes, ciliate antennae, and lacking a forewing stridulatory organ (males). Miller (2009) indicates a diagnostic character of forewing venation: R1 arises from DC rather than from RS, as in other dioptines.
Other Names for Dolophrosyne Prout 1918 TS = Dolophrosyne mirax
Euscoturopsis Bryk 1930 currently viewed as a subjective junior synonym; TS = Scoturopsis elongata
Page: Tree of Life Dolophrosyne Prout 1918 TS = Dolophrosyne mirax. Authored by James S. Miller and Andrew V. Z. Brower. The TEXT of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License - Version 3.0. Note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own license, and they may or may not be available for reuse. Click on an image or a media link to access the media data window, which provides the relevant licensing information. For the general terms and conditions of ToL material reuse and redistribution, please see the Tree of Life Copyright Policies.
Miller, James S. and Andrew V. Z. Brower. 2010. Dolophrosyne Prout 1918 TS = Dolophrosyne mirax. Version 21 July 2010 (under construction). http://tolweb.org/Dolophrosyne/138636/2010.07.21 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/
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The Fierce Female Network
We Are Crushing It! If you are looking for the serious scope, then The Fierce Female show Consumer Protection is for you. Every Sunday @ 7:30 p.m. est. - 7:45 p.m. est. Fierce is producing a series of episodes entitled "Are You Still Single?" If you are single, and serious about making a committee to yourself to you need to listen to Are You Still Single? This is show is teaching you as a single person how to invest the time and effort into yourself in order to meet someone of quality!
If Dating Sites Are Not Working Why Are You Using It?Start listening
Publishes Every Sunday The Consumer Protection Series @ 7:30p.m. EST Every Friday With Da Real CL Wiley @ 7:30p.m. - 8:30p.m. EST
The Fierce Female Network Presents Rahn Anthoni Former Dottie Peoples Singer
March 12, 2018 38 minutes
Award-winning Christian artist Rahn Anthoni took the international press and airwaves by storm with 2017's most inspirational track, "I'll Trust You." The song earned him a Radio Music Award and an Indie Music Channel Award, and numerous other accolades, including the Man-Up Award, for his charity work. Rahn's history with inspirational music has helped him develop a positive relationship with God and the world of song. Despite the heartbreaking circumstances surrounding the death of his special needs son, Aaron Hatcher, Rahn has been able to turn tragedy to triumph, delivering a message of hope and love to the masses.
Encouraged by the support the country music world showed his r&b-flavored music, Rahn has returned with an ambitious new "country soul" tune, that's reminiscent of Darius Rucker, Charley Pride and other soulful country artists. "Highway" was written by Rahn, and it tells of his journey from tragedy to triumph, looking back on the story of his life. It will be released on MTS Records in January 2018.
Then tragedy struck...After losing his special needs son to abuse, allegedly by his son's teacher, Anthoni has become an advocate for special needs kids. The Aaron Hatcher Awards are given every year, in honor of his late son, Aaron Hatcher. His son also inspired him to start the Special Needs Rock Awards and They Can't Talk But We Can, a non-profit organization providing advocacy for children with disabilities. For more information, visit http://www.theycanttalkbutwecaninc.org/.
Anthoni is also CEO of WMQGRadio.com The Source, the number #1 internet radio station giving back to the Old Skool music.
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