text:
Carter County Area Home Supply Charts
This page looks at a variety of Carter County Tennessee housing market data taken from the most recent 2020 American Community Survey census data. Housing units are structures such as a single family home, apartment community, mobile home park, public housing, etc. where a person or family live and live separately from other residents of the building. Figure 1 shows the total number of housing units for each city. Carter County depicts it has a Housing Units of 28,173 which is the third most housing units of all other counties in the greater Carter County region.
Figure 2 illustrates the housing density in the Carter County housing market as measured by housing units per square land mile (includes single family homes, apartments, etc.) Carter County depicts it has a Housing Density of 82.6 which is the third most of all other counties in the surrounding region. The county with the highest housing density in the area is Washington County which shows a density of 185.1 (approximately 2.2 times bigger). Comparing housing density to the United States average of 38.9, Carter County is about twice as large. Also, benchmarked against the state of Tennessee, housing density of 71.7, Carter County is 15.1% larger.
In Figure 4, Carter County area change in the number of housing units and is a forward gauge (along with population change) for any potential housing shortage. Carter County shows it has a Housing Unit Change of 1.5% which is in the intermediate range of other counties in the local area. The county with the highest change in the housing units in the area is Washington County which depicts a housing units of 5.5% (approximately 3.6 times bigger). Comparing change in the housing units to the United States average of 5.7%, Carter County is approximately a third the size. Also, compared to the state of Tennessee, change in the housing units of 5.4%, Carter County is approximately a third the size.
Figure 5 shows the percentage of rental property based on that they are occupied by renters as a percent of the total number of households in the community (including homes, apartments, etc.) Carter County shows it has a Renter Percent of 29.2% which is the second most renter percent of all the counties in the greater Carter County region. Figure 6 illustrates the total number of housing units that are occupied by owners. it has a Owner Percent of 70.8% which is the second smallest when sorted by owner percent of all the other counties in the area.
Carter County Home Cost Charts
Looking at the housing data provided in Figure 7, the average Carter County home price is illustrated for this community and a useful analysis of affordable housing. Carter County depicts it has a Median Home Value of $122,600 which is the smallest in order of median home price of all the other counties in the area. The county with the highest median home price in the area is Washington County which shows a home price of $163,000 (33.0% larger). Figure 8 provides aggregate comparative data for the Carter County Tennessee metro area in terms of the median housing rental rate, apartment rent, etc. Carter County shows it has a Median Gross Rent of $632 which is in the middle range of other counties in the area. The county with the highest rental rates in the area is Avery County which shows a rental rates of $777 (22.9% larger). Comparing rental rates to the United States average of $1,062, Carter County is approximately three-fourths the size. Also, compared to the state of Tennessee, rental rates of $869, Carter County is approximately three-fourths the size.
Figure 9 provides the frequency distribution of home prices for the area and is useful for understanding affordable housing fund. Carter County has one of the largest proportions of home price worth less than $50,000 at 23% of the total and is ranked #2. The only larger county being Unicoi County with 27%. Second, it has the largest proportion of home price worth between $50,000 to $100,000 at 43% of the total and is ranked #1. Third, it has the smallest proportion of home price worth between $300,000 to $400,000 at 1% of the total. Also, it has the smallest proportion of home price worth between $400,000 to $500,000 at 1% of the total. In addition, it has the smallest proportion of home price worth between $500,000 to $750,000 at 0% of the total.
Median owner costs for the real estate market are shown in Figure 10 and include the costs associated with any mortgage, utility expenses, insurance, and other miscellaneous costs. Carter County depicts it has a Median Owner Cost of $516 which is in the mid range of other counties in the metropolitan area. Figure 11 shows the median amount of cost as a percent of total household income for people who own homes in the Carter County metro area. it has a Owner Cost as % of HH Income of 16% which is the second most cost as a percent of household income of all the counties in the greater Carter County region. The next chart, Figure 12, provides a comparison chart of the median home cost as a percent of a median worker take home earnings and is thus a valuable measure of affordable housing. Carter County shows it has a Median Home Value as Percent of Median Earnings of 345% which is the smallest when sorted by median home value as a percent of median worker earnings of all the other counties in the area.
Figure 14 depicts the median cost of housing for owners with also have a mortgages (versus those who do not have a mortgage because mortgage cost is included.) Carter County shows it has a Median Owner Costs-With Mortgage of $931 which is the second smallest in terms of median housing cost of all the other counties in the metropolitan area. Figure 15 is a chart that shows the median housing costs for owners who do not have mortgages (and therefore the cost of home ownership does not include mortgage cost.) it has a Median Owner Costs-Without Mortgage of $315 which is less than most other counties in the metro area.
Figure 16 shows the distribution in total housing cost for owners of property (so not renters.) This cost includes mortgages, lines of credit interest, utilities, taxes, insurance, etc. Carter County has one of the largest proportions of owner cost less than $300 at 33% of the total and is ranked #2. The only larger county being Johnson County with 33%. Second, it has the smallest proportion of owner cost between $2,500 and $3,000 at 0% of the total.
Next shown in Figure 17 is the housing cost as a percent of household income for people who own their homes and have a mortgages (thus the cost of financing the home is included.) Carter County depicts it has a % of Income Owner Costs-With Mortgage of 21% which is the third most of all other counties in the local area. The county with the highest cost as a percent of household income in the area is Avery County which indicates a cost as a percent of household income of 23% (8.5% larger). Housing cost as a percent of household income for owners who do not have a mortgage is shown in Figure 18. This analysis can be useful for understanding the affordable housing for home ownership excluding any financing cost in the area shown. Carter County depicts it has a % of Income Owner Costs-No Mortgage of 11% which is the highest of all counties in the metropolitan area.
Figure 19 looks at the cost of rent for rental property using the percent of total household income which is a valuable measure of financial health for the area. (The higher the proportion of rent payments to total household income is a sign of greater financial stress. Also, rent can be covered by rent assistance and rent assistance programs in the form of rent assistance.) Carter County has one of the largest proportions of rent as a percent of income is less than 10 pct at 22% of the total and is ranked #3. Only #2 Sullivan County (23%), and #1 Mitchell County (32%) are larger. Second, it has the largest proportion of rent as a percent of income is between 30pct to 40pct at 10% of the total and is ranked #1. Third, it has the second smallest in terms of rent as a percent of income is less than 10 pct of all the other counties in the metro area when ranked by rent as a percent of income is between 40pct to 50pct at 14% of the total.
Figure 20 shows the total housing cost for both home owners and apartment community renters in the area. Carter County has the largest proportion of housing cost between $300 and $500 at 19% of the total and is ranked #1. Second, it has the smallest proportion of housing cost between $2,500 and $3,000 at 0% of the total.
Figure 21 shows median amount of real estate taxes paid for home owners in the region. it has a Median Real Estate Taxes Paid of $743 which is less than most other counties in the greater region. The county with the highest median real estate taxes paid in the area is Washington County which depicts a taxes paid of $1,089 (46.6% larger). Comparing median real estate taxes paid to the United States average of $2,471, Carter County is approximately a third the size. Also, measured against the state of Tennessee, median real estate taxes paid of $1,190, Carter County is approximately three-fourths the size.
Figure 22 shows the percentage of renters who pay for utilities in Carter County Tennessee. This is calculated as the percent of renters who pay separately for utilities versus the people who have utilities included as part of amenities. Carter County has the largest proportion of pay extra for utilities at 12% of the total and is ranked #1.
Figure 23 shows the rental rate distribution for this area. Carter County Tennessee has one of the largest proportions of rent between 300 and 500 dollars at 38% of the total and is ranked #2. The only larger county being Unicoi County with 40%. Second, it has less than most other counties in the surrounding region in order of rent between 500 and 750 dollars at 14% of the total.
Carter County Home Financing Charts
Carter County Home Characteristics Charts
Figure 28 shows the household size for families living in the area and it has a Family size of 2.9 which is the second most family members per housing unit of all the counties in the greater Carter County region. The county with the highest family members per housing unit in the area is Sullivan County which shows a family members per housing unit of 3.0 ( about the same size). Comparing family members per housing unit to the United States average of 3.3, Carter County is about 12.7% smaller. Also, measured against the state of Tennessee, family members per housing unit of 3.2, Carter County is about 7.9% smaller.
Figure 29 show the median number of rooms in a typical home for each location in this area. it has a Median Number of Rooms of 5.4 which is less than most other counties in the local area. The county with the highest average number of rooms in a house in the area is Sullivan County which shows an average number of rooms in a house of 5.7 (only about 5.6% larger). Figure 30 shows, for the average house in each location, the median year that a house was built. This can be useful for understanding the relative age of one neighborhood versus another for a real estate investor. it has a Median Year Built of 1978 which is in the middle range of other counties in the area. The county with the highest year built in the area is Washington County which depicts a year built of 1985 ( about the same size).
Figure 31 looks at the distribution of housing units by the median age that the homes were built. has the percentage of homes built between 2010 to 2013 less than most other counties in the local area at 11% of the total. Second, it has one of the largest proportions of homes built between 1940 to 1949 at 10% of the total and is ranked #3. Only #2 Mitchell County (12%), and #1 Unicoi County (14%) are larger.
Figure 32 shows the difference in the number of housing units based on whether they are occupied by owners versus occupied by renters. it has one of the largest proportions of owner housing units at 6,946 of the total and is ranked #3. Only #2 Sullivan County (18,727), and #1 Washington County (19,177) are larger.
Figure 34 shows the median value of homes broken down by the median year that the homes were built. has the percentage of value of homes built 2014 or later in the mid range of other counties in the metro area at $214,500 of the total. Second, it has the smallest proportion of value of homes built 2010 to 2013 at $162,300 of the total. Third, it has less than most other counties in the local area when ranked by value of homes built 2000 to 2009 at $137,100 of the total. Also, it has the second smallest in terms of value of homes built 2014 or later of all the other counties in the metro area as measured by value of homes built 1990 to 1999 at $117,200 of the total. In addition, it has the smallest proportion of value of homes built 1980 to 1989 at $116,700 of the total. Furthermore, it has less than most other counties in the surrounding region when sorted by value of homes built 1970 to 1979 at $130,800 of the total. Next it has less than most other counties in the metropolitan area as measured by value of homes built 1960 to 1969 at $111,600 of the total. Additionally, it has in the mid range of other counties in the greater region when sorted by value of homes built 1950 to 1959 at $100,900 of the total. And then, it has the second smallest when sorted by value of homes built 2014 or later of all the other counties in the area when ranked by value of homes built 1940 to 1949 at $112,700 of the total.
Figure 35 compares the total number of occupied housing units to vacant housing units. This analysis can be used to understand any housing shortage in the community. has the percentage of occupied housing units in the center range of other counties in the greater region at 16% of the total.
The next two charts show both the average household size of homeowners versus the average household size of renters. Starting with Figure 36 we see the household size of homeowners for Carter County residents. it has a Owner-Household Size of 2.3 which is in the mid point range of other counties in the local area. The county with the highest homeowner household size in the area is Washington County which shows a homeowner household size of 2.4 (only about 3.0% larger).
Figure 37 shows the household size for renters. Carter County depicts it has a Renter-Household Size of 2.3 which is the second most renter household sizes of all the counties in the greater Carter County region. The county with the highest renter household size in the area is Mitchell County which indicates a renter household sizes of 2.4 (only about 4.8% larger). Figure 38 shows the year that people who own homes moved into this region. has the percentage of owners moved in 2017 or later the second smallest in order of owners moved in 2017 or later of all the other counties in the metro area at 6% of the total. Figure 39 shows the year that people who rent moved into the area. Carter County has one of the largest proportions of renters moved in 2017 or later at 28% of the total and is ranked #2. The only larger county being Washington County with 28%.
Figure 40 compares the median year that home owners moved into their home. it has a Owner Median Year Moved In of 2001 which is in the mid range of other counties in the local area. Figure 41 compares the median year that renters moved into their home. Carter County depicts it has a Renter Median Year Moved In of 2014 which is the second most median year that a renter moved in of all the counties in the greater Carter County region.
Figure 42 shows the frequency distribution of various types of energy sources used for homes in the community. it has one of the largest proportions of home using bottled, tank, or lp gas at 74% of the total and is ranked #3. Only #2 Washington County (81%), and #1 Sullivan County (86%) are larger. Second, it has in the intermediate range of other counties in the metro area in terms of homes using coal or coke at 5% of the total. Third, it has the second smallest in order of homes using natural gas of all the other counties in the surrounding region as measured by homes using solar energy at 0% of the total.
The next two charts show the number of people living in group quarters and includes temporary as well permanent housing which may be run by the Carter County housing department, Tennessee department, or other housing authority or public housing agency. beginning with Figure 43 which shows the total number of people. Carter County depicts it has a Total In Group Quarters of 1,661 which is less than most other counties in the metro area.
Carter County, Tennessee Housing Data
Figure 1: Carter County, TN Area Total Housing Units
Figure 2: Carter County, TN Housing Density (Houses per Sq. Mile)
Figure 5: Rental Homes in Carter County, TN
Figure 6: Owned Homes in Carter County, TN
Figure 7: Carter County, TN Median Home Prices
Figure 8: Carter County, TN Median Monthly Rent Amounts
Figure 9: Carter County, TN Home Price Distribution
Figure 10: Carter County, TN Median Monthly Owner Cost
Figure 14: Carter County, TN Median Monthly Owner Cost with Mortgage
Figure 15: Carter County, TN Median Monthly Owner Cost without Mortgage
Figure 16: Distribution of Monthly Owner Costs in Carter County, TN
Figure 19: Carter County, TN Rent as a percent of Household Income
Figure 20: Monthly Housing Cost for Owners or Renters in Carter County, TN
Figure 21: Carter County, TN Median Annual Real Estate Taxes Paid
Figure 22: Carter County, TN Utilities Included with amenities or Excluded in Rent
Figure 23: Carter County, TN Monthly Median Rent Rates
Figure 24: Carter County, TN Monthly Median Rent Rates by Size of Rental in Bedrooms
Figure 25: Carter County, TN Detailed Mortgage Status
Figure 26: Carter County, TN Houses With vs. Without a Mortgage
Figure 27: Average Household Size in Carter County, TN
Figure 28: Average Family Size in Carter County, TN
Figure 30: Carter County, TN Median Year House Built
Figure 31: Carter County, TN Year that House Built Distribution
Figure 32: Number of Owners vs. Renters in Carter County, TN and Area
Figure 33: Carter County, TN Area Housing Types
Figure 34: Carter County, TN Median Home Value By Year Structure Built
Figure 35: Occupied and Vacant Housing units in Carter County, TN
Figure 37: Carter County, TN Renter Household Size
Figure 42: Carter County, TN Fuel Used to Heat Home
Figure 44: Carter County, TN Population in Group Quarters
Near Carter County, TN
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text:
Restaurant and Catering Industry
Annapolis businesses adjust to impact of Obama's visit
By By Andrea F. Siegel and The Baltimore Sun
Businesses in Annapolis near where President Barack Obama met with Senate Democrats on Wednesday said road closures for security were affecting them, with some shutting their doors.
"I had to shut down until 2. Nobody can get in," said Riccardo Santoro, owner of Varuna Aveda Salon Spa in the Park Place complex, adjacent to the meeting.
He said the closing, due to the expected traffic woes, was his decision — and he expected to lose about $1,200 in revenue.
City streets closed right around Westgate Circle, where the Westin Annapolis hotel is located. The president was attending the Senate Democratic Issues Conference there, and the streets around the circle were scheduled to be blocked between 9:30 a.m. and 1 p.m. Police were detouring motorists around the blocks; still, traffic closer to downtown was lighter than usual.
Carpaccio, a restaurant in the same complex, was expected to open for a late lunch, around 1 p.m. to 2 p.m. Gaby Haddad, general manager, said he was expecting to serve fewer diners, because some of the local businesses he relies on were probably allowing some staffers to work elsewhere.
But for other restaurants, Obama's visit was seen as a boost.
"We've actually had a bit of an influx of business this morning from all of the people that have been working," said Stephanie Wiedenfeld, manager of Miss Shirley's Cafe along West Street in the Park Place complex.
Across West Street, several patients canceled morning appointments at Oral Surgery Specialists, according to the office manager, Deanna Deyo. "One of our doctors now has three hours open," she said.
However, a few patients took up the practice's offer to see patients as early as 7:30 a.m., a half-hour ahead of the usual opening, she said. They would have been gone by the time of the road closures.
The Community Action Agency posted an "emergency closing" notice on its door, saying it would reopen Thursday. The notice did not say why it was shut.
At Reuben's Restaurant only one person sat at a table at midmorning.
"It's terrible," said the owner, Jim Kwou. But, he said, "It's temporary. It was very busy before the road closed."
Nearby, the BP gas station had barely a car pull in. But foot traffic to its 7-Eleven convenience store was good, said manager Ali Yousa, who operates both.
"I would say we'll have a pretty significant drop-off, unless the president wants to stop by," said Bernie O'Brien, general manager of Fado, a restaurant-pub in the Park Place complex.
"If he wants a fish and chips, he can have a fish and chips, on the house, absolutely," he said.
Richard Crabtree, the branch manager of the Merrill Lynch office, said some of his staff was working remotely Wednesday, and he made some scheduling changes to accommodate traffic crunch that did not materialize.
"I think it's great for Annapolis," Crabtree said. "It hasn't been nearly as bad as people were predicting, and the police did a great job of managing it."
andrea.siegel@baltsun.com
Aveda Corp.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{s-intro}
\thispagestyle{empty}
Consider an experiment in which Alice can make one of several measurements on her part of a certain system and Bob can make one of several measurements on his part of the system.  Each pair of measurements (one by Alice and one by Bob) leads to a pair of outcomes (one for Alice and one for Bob).  We keep track of the frequency distribution of the different pairs of outcomes that arise.  This situation can be abstracted to an \textbf{empirical model}, which, for each pair of measurements, specifies a probability measure on pairs of outcomes.

An associated \textbf{hidden-variable} (henceforth \textbf{h.v.})~\textbf{model} is obtained by starting with the empirical model and then appending to it extra variables that are assumed to be present in a more complete theory of how the data are generated.  The uses of h.v.~analysis include: (i) seeing if a deterministic account can be given of the observed data, and (ii) seeing if a common-cause account can be given of correlations in the observed data.

Perhaps, the best known context for h.v.\thinspace analysis is quantum mechanics (QM).  Starting with von Neumann \cite[1932]{vonneumann32}, and including, most famously, Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen \cite[1935]{einstein-podolsky-rosen35}, Bell \cite[1964]{bell64}, and Kochen and Specker \cite[1967]{kochen-specker67}, a vast literature has grown up around the question of whether an h.v.\thinspace formulation of QM is possible.  The watershed no-go theorems of Bell and Kochen-Specker give conditions under which the answer is no.

H.v.'s are variables above and beyond those which are part of the actual experiment, and are therefore unobserved.  This poses a question: \textit{What can one assume about the structure of the space on which an h.v.\thinspace lives?}  Choosing a good empirical model includes choosing measurement and outcome spaces that incorporate appropriate physical features (say, discreteness, connectedness, or other features).  But, since it is unobserved, there is no such guide to choosing an h.v.\thinspace space.

This may or may not be a serious obstacle.  The question often under study is whether or not an h.v.\thinspace model exists that exhibits desired properties such as determinism or common-cause correlation.  For a positive answer, we may be satisfied with showing that, at least for a certain choice of h.v.\thinspace space, such a model exists.   But, some of the most important results --- including the Bell and Kochen-Specker theorems --- are negative answers, asserting that no h.v.\thinspace model with certain properties exists.  For a non-existence result to be definitive, we need to search over all (not just some) h.v.\thinspace spaces.

Our main result is that there is a \textbf{canonical h.v.\thinspace model}.  To be more specific, fix an empirical model.  Suppose there is an associated h.v.\thinspace model that yields, for each pair of measurements, the same probability measure over joint outcomes.  We will say that the h.v.\thinspace model \textbf{realizes} the empirical model.  We want to know if we can put this h.v.\thinspace model into a canonical form.  More than this, to be useful, such a canonical h.v.\thinspace model must preserve properties --- determinism, common-cause correlation, etc. --- satisfied by the original h.v.\thinspace model.

We show that, under a measure-theoretic condition, such a canonical model exists: \textit{If the $\sigma$-algebras on the measurement and outcome spaces are countably generated (i.e., the spaces are separable), then the h.v.\thinspace space can always be taken to be the unit interval equipped with Lebesgue measure.}  The key to our result is the classical theorem that any two countably generated atomless normalized measure algebras are isomorphic.  This theorem can be found in Carath\'eodory \cite[1939]{caratheodory39} and Halmos and von Neumann \cite[1942]{halmos-vonneumann42}.  It is also a special case of Maharam's Theorem \cite[1942]{maharam42}.

\section{Empirical and Hidden-Variable Models}
\label{s-empirical}
Alice has a space of possible measurements, which is a measurable space $(Y_{a},\mathcal{Y}_{a})$, and a space of possible outcomes, which is a measurable space $(X_{a},\mathcal{X}_{a})$.  Likewise, Bob has a space of possible measurements, which is a measurable space $(Y_{b},\mathcal{Y}_{b})$, and a space of possible outcomes, which is a measurable space $(X_{b},\mathcal{X}_{b})$.  We will restrict attention to bipartite systems.  (We comment later on the extension to more than two parts.)  There is also an h.v.\thinspace space, which is an unspecified measurable space $(\Lambda,\mathcal{L})$.  Write
\begin{align*}
(X,\mathcal{X}) & =  (X _{a},\mathcal{X}_{a})\otimes(X _{b},\mathcal{X}_{b}), \\
(Y,\mathcal{Y}) & =  (Y_{a},\mathcal{Y}_{a})\otimes(Y_{b},\mathcal{Y}_{b}), \\
\Psi & =  (X,\mathcal{X})\otimes(Y,\mathcal{Y}), \\
\Omega & =  (X,\mathcal{X})\otimes(Y,\mathcal{Y})\otimes(\Lambda ,\mathcal{L}).
\end{align*}

\begin{definition}
An \textbf{empirical model} is a probability measure $e$ on $\Psi$.
\end{definition}

We see that an empirical model describes an experiment in which the pair of measurements $y=(y_{a},y_{b})\in Y$ is randomly chosen according to the probability measure ${\rm marg}_{Y}e$, and $y$ and the joint outcome $x=(x_{a},x_b)\in X$ are distributed according to $e$.

\begin{definition}
A \textbf{hidden-variable} (\textbf{h.v.}) \textbf{model} is a probability measure $p$ on $\Omega $.
\end{definition}

\begin{definition}
We say that an h.v.\thinspace model $p$ \textbf{realizes} an empirical model $e$ if $e={\rm marg}_{\Psi}p$.  We say that two h.v.\thinspace models are (\textbf{realization-})\textbf{equivalent} if they realize the same empirical model.
\end{definition}

\section {Preliminaries}
\label{s-preliminaries}

Throughout, we use the following two conventions.  First, when $p$ is a probability measure on a product space $(X,\mathcal{X})\otimes(Y,\mathcal{Y})$ and $q = {\rm marg}_{X}p$, then for each $J\in \mathcal{X}$ we write
\begin{equation*}
p(J) = p(J\times Y) = q(J),
\end{equation*}
and for each $q$-integrable $f:X\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ we write
\begin{equation*}
\int_{J}f(x)\,dp = \int_{J\times Y}f(x)\,dp = \int_{J}f(x)\,dq.
\end{equation*}

Thus, in particular, a statement holds for $p$-almost all $x\in X$ if and only if it holds for $q$-almost all $x\in X$.

Second, when $p$ is a probability measure on a product space $(X,\mathcal{X})\otimes(Y,\mathcal{Y})\otimes(Z,\mathcal{Z})$ and $J\in\mathcal{X}$, we let $p[J||\mathcal{Z}]$ be the function from $Z$ into $[0,1]$ such that
\begin{equation*}
p[J||\mathcal{Z}]_{z} = p[J\times Y\times Z|\{X\times Y,\emptyset\}\otimes \mathcal{Z}]_{(x,y,z)} = {\rm E}[1_{J\times Y\times Z}|\{X\times Y,\emptyset\}\otimes\mathcal{Z}].
\end{equation*}
Note that $\{X\times Y,\emptyset\}$ is the trivial $\sigma$-algebra over $X\times Y$.

We use similar notation for (finite) products with factors to the left of $(X,\mathcal{X})$ or to the right of $(Z,\mathcal{Z})$.  Note that if $q = {\rm marg}_{X\times Z}p$, then $q[J||\mathcal{Z}]=p[J||\mathcal{Z}]$.  We also use the analogous notation for expected values of random variables: Given an integrable function $f:X\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$, we write ${\rm E}[f||\mathcal{Z}]$ for the conditional expectation ${\rm E}[f\circ\pi|\{X\times Y,\emptyset\}\otimes\mathcal{Z}]$ where $\pi$ is the projection from $X\times Y\times Z$ to $X$.

\begin{lemma}
\label{l-cond}
The mapping $z\mapsto p[J||\mathcal{Z}]_{z}$ is the $p$-almost surely unique $\mathcal{Z}$-measurable function $f:Z\rightarrow [0,1]$ such that for each set $L\in\mathcal{Z}$,
\begin{equation*}
\int_{L}f(z)\,dp = p(J\times L).
\end{equation*}
\end{lemma}

\begin{proof}  Existence:
 Let $f(z) = p[J||\mathcal{Z}]_{z}$.  Using the definition of $p[J||\mathcal{Z}]$, we see that
\begin{equation*}
\int_{L}f(z)\,dp = \int_{X\times Y\times L}{\rm E}[1_{J\times Y\times Z}|\{X\times Y,\emptyset \}\otimes\mathcal{Z}]\,dp =
\end{equation*}
\begin{equation*}
\int_{X\times Y\times L}1_{J\times Y\times Z}\,dp = p((X\times Y\times L)\cap (J\times Y\times Z)) = p(J\times L),
\end{equation*}
as required.

Uniqueness:  If $p(J)=0$, then $f(z)=g(z)=0$ $p$-almost surely.  Suppose $p(J)>0$.
Let $f$ and $g$ are two such functions and let $L=\{z:f(z)<g(z)\}$.  Then $L\in\mathcal{Z}$.
If $p(J\times L)>0$, then $p(L)>0$, and
$$0<\int_L g(z)\,dp-\int_L f(z)\,dp=\int_L g(z)-f(z)\,dp=0,$$
a contradiction.  Therefore $p(J\times L)=0$, so $p(L)=0$ and hence $f(z)\ge g(z)$ $p$-almost surely.
Similarly, $g(z)\ge f(z)$ $p$-almost surely, so $f(z)=g(z)$ $p$-almost surely.
\end{proof}

\begin{corollary}
\label{c-marg} Let $q$ be the marginal of $p$ on $X\times Z$.  Then, for each $J\in\mathcal{X}$, we have $p[J||\mathcal{Z}] = q[J||\mathcal{Z}]$ $q$-almost
surely.
\end{corollary}

Given probability measures $p$ on $(X,\mathcal{X})\otimes (Y,\mathcal{Y})$ and $r$ on $(Y,\mathcal{Y})$, we say that $p$ is an \textbf{extension} of $r$ if $r = {\rm marg}_{Y}p$.  We say that two probability measures $p$ and $q$ on $(X,\mathcal{X})\otimes (Y,\mathcal{Y})$ \textbf{agree on} $Y$ if ${\rm marg}_{Y}p = {\rm marg}_{Y}q$.

\section {Properties of Hidden-Variable Models}
\label {s-properties}

Whenever we write an equation involving conditional probabilities, it will be understood to mean that the equation holds $p$-almost surely.  All expressions below which are given for Alice have counterparts for Bob, with $a$ and $b$ interchanged.

The properties of h.v.\thinspace models we now list are all stated for infinite measurement and outcome spaces.  In the sources we give, these properties were stated for the finite case only.

We begin with Bell \cite[1964]{bell64} locality:

\begin{definition}
The h.v.\thinspace model $p$ satisfies \textbf{locality} if for every $J_a \in \mathcal{X}_{a}$, $J_b \in \mathcal{X}_{b}$, we have
\begin{equation*}
p[J_a \times J_b||\mathcal{Y}\otimes \mathcal{L}] = p[J_{a}||\mathcal{Y}_{a}\otimes\mathcal{L}]\times p[J_{b}||\mathcal{Y}_{b}\otimes\mathcal{L}].
\end{equation*}
\end{definition}

The next two properties come from Jarrett \cite[1984]{jarrett84} (and were given these names by Shimony \cite[1986]{shimony86}).

\begin{definition}
The h.v.\thinspace model $p$ satisfies \textbf{parameter independence} if for every $J_{a}\in \mathcal{X}_{a}$ we have
\begin{equation*}
p[J _{a}||\mathcal{Y}\otimes\mathcal{L}] = p[J _{a}||\mathcal{Y}_{a}\otimes\mathcal{L}].
\end{equation*}
\end{definition}

\begin{definition}
The h.v.\thinspace model $p$ satisfies \textbf{outcome independence} if for every $J_a \in \mathcal{X}_{a}$, $J_b \in \mathcal{X}_{b}$, we have
\begin{equation*}
p[J_a \times J_b ||\mathcal{Y}\otimes\mathcal{L}] = p[J _{a}||\mathcal{Y}\otimes\mathcal{L}]\times p[J_{b}||\mathcal{Y}\otimes\mathcal{L}].
\end{equation*}
\end{definition}

The name of the next property is due to Dickson \cite[2005]{dickson05}.

\begin{definition}
The h.v.\thinspace model $p$ satisfies $\lambda$\textbf{-independence} if for every event $L\in\mathcal{L}$,
\begin{equation*}
p[L||\mathcal{Y}]_{y} = p(L).
\end{equation*}
\end{definition}

\begin{remark}
\label{r-product}
We observe:
\begin{enumerate}
\item[(i)] The $\lambda$-independence property for $p$ depends only on ${\rm marg}_{Y\times\Lambda}p$.
\item[(ii)] Any h.v.\thinspace model $p$ such that $\Lambda$ is a singleton satisfies $\lambda$-independence.
\end{enumerate}
\end{remark}

By Remark \ref{r-product}, we have:

\begin{lemma}
\label{l-indep}
The following are equivalent:
\begin{enumerate}
\item[(i)] $p$ satisfies $\lambda$-independence.
\item[(ii)] ${\rm marg}_{Y\times\Lambda} p={\rm marg}_{Y}p \otimes {\rm marg}_{\Lambda}p$.

\item[(iii)] The $\sigma$-algebras $\mathcal{Y}$ and $\mathcal{L}$ are independent with respect to $p$, i.e.,
\begin{equation*}
p(K\times L) = p(K)\times p(L)
\end{equation*}
for every $K\in\mathcal{Y},L\in\mathcal{L}$.
\end{enumerate}
\end{lemma}

The distinction between strong and weak determinism in the next two definitions is from Brandenburger and Yanofsky \cite[2008]{brandenburger-yanofsky08}.

\begin{definition}
The h.v.\thinspace model $p$ satisfies \textbf{strong determinism} if for each $J_{a}\in \mathcal{X}_{a}$ we have
\begin{equation*}
p[J_{a}||\mathcal{Y}_{a}\otimes \mathcal{L}]_{(y_{a},\lambda)}\in\{0,1\}.
\end{equation*}
\end{definition}

\begin{definition}
The h.v.\thinspace model $p$ satisfies \textbf{weak determinism} if for every $J_a \in \mathcal{X}_{a}$, $J_b \in \mathcal{X}_{b}$, we have
\begin{equation*}
p[ J_a \times J_b ||\mathcal{Y}\otimes \mathcal{L}]_{(y ,\lambda)}\in\{0,1\}.
\end{equation*}
\end{definition}
\vbox{\hsize=\textwidth
\hbox to \textwidth{\hss
\includegraphics[scale=0.6]{venn-02-16-12.pdf}
\hss}
\vskip-30pt\relax
}

In our paper \cite[2012]{brandenburger-keisler12}, we establish how the various properties we have listed above are related, in the case that the outcome spaces $X_a$ and $X_b$ are finite.  The Venn diagram above summarizes these relationships.  The same relationships hold for general (infinite) $X_a$ and $X_b$.

To see this, we first show that the relationships automatically carry over to the case that the $\sigma$-algebras $\mathcal{X}_{a}$ and $\mathcal{X}_{b}$ are finite.  In this case, let $X^{\prime}_{a}$ be the finite set of atoms of $\mathcal{X}_{a}$ and let $\mathcal{X}^{\prime}_{a}$ be the power set of $X^{\prime}_{a}$.  Define $X^{\prime}_{b}$ and $\mathcal{X}^{\prime}_{b}$ similarly.  Then the space
\begin{equation*}
\Omega^{\prime} =  (X^{\prime},\mathcal{X}^{\prime})\otimes(Y,\mathcal{Y})\otimes(\Lambda ,\mathcal{L})
\end{equation*}
behaves exactly like the space $\Omega$.  For each h.v.\thinspace model $p$, let $p^{\prime}$ be the h.v.\thinspace model on $\Omega^{\prime}$ such that $p^{\prime}(\{x^{\prime}\} \times K \times L) = p(x^{\prime} \times K \times L)$, and for each empirical model $e$, let $e^{\prime}$ be the empirical model such that $e^{\prime}(\{x^{\prime}\} \times K) = e(x^{\prime} \times K)$.  It is clear that $p$ realizes $e$ if and only if $p^{\prime}$ realizes $e^{\prime}$, that $p^{\prime}$ has the same h.v.\thinspace space as $p$, and that each of the properties we have listed holds for  $p^{\prime}$ if and only if it holds for $p$.  It follows that the same Venn diagram of relationships holds for the case that $\sigma$-algebras $\mathcal{X}_{a}$ and $\mathcal{X}_{b}$ are finite.

Next, we extend this observation to the case of general $\mathcal{X}_{a}$ and $\mathcal{X}_{b}$.

\begin{definition}
Let $\mathcal{F}_{a}$ and $\mathcal{F}_{b}$ be finite subalgebras of $\mathcal{X}_{a}$ and $\mathcal{X}_{b}$, respectively, and let $\mathcal{F} = \mathcal{F}_{a} \otimes \mathcal{F}_{b}$.  For each empirical model $e$, the \textbf{finite restriction} $e\upharpoonright \mathcal{F}$ of $e$ to $\mathcal{F}$ is the restriction of $e$ to the $\sigma$-algebra $\mathcal{F} \otimes \mathcal{Y}$.  For each h.v.\thinspace model $p$, the \textbf{finite restriction} $p\upharpoonright \mathcal{F}$ of $p$ to $\mathcal{F}$ is the restriction of $p$ to the $\sigma$-algebra $\mathcal{F} \otimes \mathcal{Y} \otimes \mathcal{L}$.
\end{definition}

The following lemma is an easy consequence of the definitions.

\begin{lemma}
We have:
\begin{enumerate}
\item[(i)] $p$ realizes $e$ if and only if every finite restriction of $p$ realizes the corresponding finite restriction of $e$.
\item[(ii)] $p$ satisfies locality, parameter independence, outcome independence, $\lambda $-independence, strong determinism, or weak determinism if and only if every finite restriction of $p$ satisfies the corresponding property.
\end{enumerate}
\end{lemma}

From this it follows that the same Venn diagram of relationships holds for the case of general $\mathcal{X}_{a}$ and $\mathcal{X}_{b}$.

Finally in this section, we note that the definitions and relationships we have given extend immediately to systems with more than two parts, except that parameter independence must now be stated in terms of sets of parts instead of individual parts.

\section{A Canonical Hidden-Variable Space}
\label {s-canonical}
Given an h.v.\thinspace model $p$, we let $\ell={\rm{marg}}_{\Lambda}p)$ and call the probability space $(\Lambda ,\mathcal{L}, \ell)$ the \textbf{h.v.\thinspace space of $p$}.  We now state and prove our result on the existence of a canonical h.v.\thinspace model.

\begin{theorem}
\label{t-canonical}
Assume that the $\sigma $-algebras $\mathcal{X}$ and $\mathcal{Y}$ are countably generated.  Then every h.v.\thinspace model $p$ is realization-equivalent to an h.v.\thinspace model $\overline{p}$ with h.v.\thinspace space $([0,1], \mathcal{U}, u)$, where $\mathcal{U}$ is the set of Borel subsets of $[0,1]$ and $u$ is Lebesgue measure on $\mathcal{U}$.  Moreover, for each of the properties of parameter independence and outcome independence (and, therefore, locality), $\lambda $-independence, strong determinism, and weak determinism, if $p$ has the property then so does $\overline{p}$.
\end{theorem}

\begin{proof}
We may assume without loss of generality that $p$ has an atomless h.v.\thinspace model, because the product $p\otimes u$ of $p$ with the Lebesgue unit interval is realization-equivalent to $p$ and has the atomless h.v.\thinspace model $(\Lambda ,\mathcal{L},\ell )\otimes ([0,1], \mathcal{U}, u)$, and if $p$ has any of the five properties above, then so does $p\otimes u$.

Since $\mathcal{X}$ and $\mathcal{Y}$ are countably generated, $\mathcal{X}_a, \mathcal{X}_b,\mathcal{Y}_a$, and $\mathcal{Y}_b$ are countably generated.  Let $\mathcal{X}_{a}^{0}$ be a countable subset of $\mathcal{X}_{a}$ that generates the $\sigma $-algebra $\mathcal{X}_{a}$, and let $\mathcal{Y}_{a}^{0}$ be a countable subset of $\mathcal{Y}_{a}$ that generates the $\sigma $-algebra $\mathcal{Y}_{a}$.  Define $\mathcal{X}_{b}^{0}$ and $\mathcal{Y}_{b}^{0}$ similarly.  Let $\mathcal{U}_0$ be the family of all open subintervals of $[0,1]$ with rational endpoints.  Let
\begin{equation*}
(A_{an}, A_{bn}, B_{an}, B_{bn}, C_{n})
\end{equation*}
\noindent be an enumeration of the countable set $\mathcal{X}_a^0\times \mathcal{X}_b^0\times \mathcal{Y}_a^0\times \mathcal{Y}_b^0\times \mathcal{U}_0$.  The Cartesian products $A_{an} \times A_{bn} \times B_{an}\times B_{bn}\times C_n$ generate the $\sigma $-algebra $\mathcal{X}\otimes \mathcal{Y}\otimes \mathcal{U}$.  For each $n$, let
\begin{equation*}
D_{n}=\{ \lambda \in \Lambda :p[A_{an} \times A_{bn} \times B_{an}\times B_{bn}||\mathcal{L}]_{\lambda }\in C_{n}\}.
\end{equation*}

To continue the proof, we need the following lemma.  In what follows, we write $\ell = {\rm marg}_{\Lambda}p$.

\begin{lemma}
There is a countably generated $\sigma $-algebra $\mathcal{D}\subseteq \mathcal{L}$ such that each of the sets $D_{n}$ belongs to $
\mathcal{D}$, and the restriction of $\ell $ to $\mathcal{D}$ is atomless.
\end{lemma}

\begin{proof}[\textbf{Proof of lemma}] Since $\ell $ is atomless, it follows from a result of Sierpinski \cite[1922]{sierpinski22} that for each set $L\in \mathcal{L}
$ there is a set $L^{\prime }\in \mathcal{L}$ such that $L^{\prime}\subseteq L$ and $\ell (L^{\prime })=\ell (L)/2$.  Then, by the Axiom of Choice, there is a function $F:\mathcal{L}\rightarrow \mathcal{L}$ such that for each $L\in \mathcal{L}$, $F(L)\subseteq L$ and $\ell (F(L))=\ell (L)/2$.  Let $\mathcal{E}_{0}$ be the algebra of subsets of $\Lambda $ generated by $\{D_{n}:n\in \mathbb{N}\}$.  For each $m\in \mathbb{N}$, let $\mathcal{E}_{m+1}$ be the algebra of subsets of $\Lambda $ generated by $\mathcal{E}_{m}\cup \{F(L):L\in \mathcal{E}_{m}\}$. Let $\mathcal{E}=\bigcup_{m}\mathcal{E}_{m}$, and let $\mathcal{D}$ be the $\sigma $-algebra generated by $\mathcal{E}$. Clearly, each $D_{n}$ belongs to $\mathcal{D}$, and $\mathcal{E}$ is countable, so $\mathcal{D}$ is countably generated.

We show that the restriction of $\ell $ to $\mathcal{D}$ is atomless.  Let $\mathcal{D}^{\prime }$ be the set of all $D\in \mathcal{D}$ that can be
approximated by sets in $\mathcal{E}$ with respect to $\ell $, that is,
\begin{equation*}
\mathcal{D}^{\prime }=\{D\in \mathcal{D}:(\forall r>0)(\exists E\in \mathcal{E})\ell (E\triangle D)<r\}.
\end{equation*}
It is clear that $\mathcal{E}\subseteq \mathcal{D}^{\prime }$, and that $\mathcal{D}^{\prime }$ is closed under finite unions and intersections.  The set $\mathcal{D}^{\prime }$ is also closed under unions of countable chains, because if $L_{n}\in \mathcal{D}^{\prime }$ and $L_{n}\subseteq L_{n+1}$ for
each $n$, and $L=\bigcup_{n}L_{n}$, then for each $r>0$ there exists $n\in \mathbb{N}$ and $E\in \mathcal{E}$ such that $\ell (L\triangle L_{n})<r/2$
and $\ell (E\triangle L_{n})<r/2$. Therefore $\ell (L\triangle E)<r$, so $L\in \mathcal{D}^{\prime }$. It follows that $\mathcal{D}^{\prime }=\mathcal{D}$.  Now suppose $D\in \mathcal{D}$, $\ell (D)>0$, and $r>0$.  Then $D\in \mathcal{D}^{\prime }$, so there is a set $G\in \mathcal{E}$ such that $\ell(D\triangle G)<r$.  We have $F(G)\in \mathcal{E}$, $\ell (F(G))=\ell (G)/2$, and $F(G)\subseteq G$.  Then $D\cap F(G)\in \mathcal{D}$, and, by taking $r$ small enough, we can guarantee that $\ell (D)>\ell (D\cap F(G))>0$.  This shows that the restriction of $\ell $ to $\mathcal{D}$ is atomless, and proves the lemma.
\end{proof}
\medskip

\noindent \textbf{Proof of Theorem \ref{t-canonical} contd.} By Carath\'eodory \cite[1939]{caratheodory39} and Halmos and von Neumann \cite[1942]{halmos-vonneumann42} (and a special case in Maharam \cite[1942]{maharam42}), any two countably generated atomless normalized measure algebras are isomorphic.  Therefore, the measure algebras of $(\Lambda ,\mathcal{D},\ell )$ and $([0,1], \mathcal{U}, u)$ are isomorphic.  This isomorphism maps the equivalence class (modulo null sets) of each $D\in \mathcal{D}$ to the equivalence class of a set $h(D)\in \mathcal{U}$ such that $u(h(D))=\ell (D)$.

Let $\overline{p}$ be the probability measure on $\mathcal{X}\otimes \mathcal{Y}\otimes \mathcal{U}$ such that for each $R\in \mathcal{X},S\in \mathcal{Y}$, and $D\in \mathcal{D}$ we have $\overline{p}(R\times S\times h(D))=p(R\times S\times D)$.  It follows that the h.v.\thinspace space of $\overline{p}$ is $([0,1],u,\ell)$.  Moreover, $\overline{p}$ and $p$ agree on $X\times Y$, so $\overline{p}$ is realization-equivalent to $p$.  For each $S\in \mathcal{Y}$ and $D\in \mathcal{D}$ we have
\begin{equation*}
\overline{p}(S)=p(S)\text{, }\thickspace\overline{p}(h(D))=p(D)\text{, }\thickspace\overline{p}(S\times h(D))=p(S\times D).
\end{equation*}
Therefore, if $p$ has $\lambda $-independence, then $\overline{p}$ has $\lambda $-independence by Lemma \ref{l-indep}.

The $\sigma $-algebra $\mathcal{D}$ is large enough so that for each $K\in \mathcal{Y}$, the function $p[J_{a} \times J_{b} \times K||\mathcal{L}]$ is $\mathcal{D}$-measurable.  It follows that
\begin{equation*}
p[J_{a} \times J_{b}||\mathcal{Y}\otimes \mathcal{L}]=p[J_{a} \times J_{b}||\mathcal{Y}\otimes \mathcal{D}],
\end{equation*}
\begin{equation*}
p[J_{a}||\mathcal{Y}_{a}\otimes \mathcal{L}]=p[J_{a}||\mathcal{Y}_{a}\otimes \mathcal{D}],
\end{equation*}
and
\begin{equation*}
p[J_{b}||\mathcal{Y}_{b}\otimes \mathcal{L}]=p[J_{b}||\mathcal{Y}_{b}\otimes \mathcal{D}].
\end{equation*}

From the definition of $\overline{p}$, one can see that joint distributions of the functions
\begin{equation*}
p[J_{a} \times J_{b}||\mathcal{Y}\otimes \mathcal{D}]\text{, }\thickspace p[J_{a}||\mathcal{Y}_{a}\otimes \mathcal{D}]\text{, }\thickspace p[J_{b}||\mathcal{Y}_{b}\otimes \mathcal{D}]
\end{equation*}
and
\begin{equation*}
\overline{p}[J_{a} \times J_{b}||\mathcal{Y}\otimes \mathcal{U}]\text{, }\thickspace\overline{p}[J_{a}||\mathcal{Y}_{a}\otimes \mathcal{U}]\text{, }\thickspace\overline{p}[J_{b}||\mathcal{Y}_{b}\otimes \mathcal{U}]
\end{equation*}
are the same.  It follows that for each of the properties of parameter independence, outcome independence, strong determinism, and weak determinism, if $p$ has the property then so does $\overline{p}$.
\end{proof}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
I dont like BoJo and wouldnt have him as PM. Atm the elctorate is being given the choice between shit and shite, neithers that appealing . None of the parties so far is doing much to have a vision and some policies bar Brexit yelling, though Corbyn imo is probably closest to it.
However I think this is us watching the death of an old order, we know what is being left behind but dont yet know what will replace it. But somehing will.
I still have a little faith in the ability of people to see him for what he is, in the same way as people have for Corbyn.
If Labour were still led by Ed M or had Hilary Benn as a leader I seriously doubt the poll in the header would be showing Labour on 27%.
I get that you are passionate about Corbyn and his politics but I think you need to be a bit more realistic about where they are taking the Labour Party. All the bluster in the world about "Tory Swinson" won't disguise the fact that if the appalling Johnson wins the next GE it will be largely down to Jeremy Corbyn.
FF43 said:
Which reflects the emotional intelligence of their respective loyal following sadly.
"It profits a man nothing to give his soul for the whole world ... but for Wales?"
Off feel I think you are looking at 20%?
With that rising significantly to around 70% for any deal or 2nd ref?
Or when you find this in graves which have been opened - https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https://elpais.com/elpais/2019/05/08/inenglish/1557327917_803284.html&psig=AOvVaw0igh3yqIeG90NkZGwvkR9N&ust=1569572555410000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCLiZ18aH7uQCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAF
Indeed. We had screaming, shouting, applause and outrage. We had tears and tantrums. We had Boris baiting his opponents with offensive rhetoric. We had posturing and leaders of the Opposition running scared from the electorate.
But what we didn't have was any ideas for how we actually get through the impasse.
A general election remains the clear and obvious way out following an extension to Dec or Jan 31st.
Boris should just write the letter now and lets get on with it.
Bozo offers prayers every night to keep Corbyn safely in position as LoTO. Corbyn offers a prayer in the other direction. They are both each others best hope for power
If the so-called moderate wing of the Labour Party had shown as much passion about poverty as they have about Europe, then the Labour Party would never have elected Corbyn in the first place.
There are many good MPs who wouldn't dream of acting like Boris has. Don't normalise his behaviour. He is clearly an outlier in many ways.
This interview with John Gray includes an interesting discussion of populism in today's politics. One of the most illuminating conversations I've heard on the subject.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7hC5nXXJrV8
Agree completely.
You may be correct. Let us hope that whatever replaces it is better and not worse!
The best way to cool this down and have an election is for Johnson to seek the extension today and once agreed ask for a general election. But that's not what will happen unfortunately due to someone painting themselves into a ditch with 31/10
This is an excellent point. Because of some of his shortcomings and Europe and elsewhere, much of Non-Corbynite labour, and arguably even some of those joining the Liberal Democrats, show few signs of understanding yet that Corbyn did not emerge from a vacuum.
most leaders are, thats how it works qv Corbyn
Thomas More Chambers. Does he do divorce cases?
I don't think you can't look at Boris' behaviour in isolation. It needs to be seen through the prism of the last 3 years.
As pb discussed yesterday, very, very few MPs have enhanced their reputation over the last 3 years.
It was a disgraceful performance in the Commons yesterday. I am sure it will be disgraceful today and tomorrow as well.
But, the disgrace is not just due to one person. Many, many MPs have behaved disgracefully.
Just said the same thing!
I am interested by the debate put forward today: "General Debate on the Principles of Democracy and the Rights of the Electorate". This could go a number of ways, but it seems like a day dedicated to "People vs Parliament" campaigning.
The issue I find is that our system has evolved with the general understanding that when governing becomes untenable, an election is called. Not all countries work this way (I mean, look at the US, where governance is highly partisan, very difficult, and often gridlocked to such a degree it has been called a "vetocracy"). Since the FTPA the power to declare an election has been taken away from the PM and given to the Commons. So when the PM is in charge of a minority government, meaning they are in a position where governance is most difficult, it is also at its least able to call an election.
Is this a democratic deficit? I would argue not necessarily. The FTPA is a bad piece of legislation, but it was passed by duly elected MPs and is the law. Our representative democratic system is based on the idea that constituencies vote for people whose judgement they trust, not who will "fulfil the will of the people". Indeed, the "will of the people" cannot exist. You can only ever fulfil the will of some people, and even then I would argue finding a coherent and practicable political policy over a majority of people in this country is impossible. So we elect MPs to themselves act in judgement in our stead. We have the "will of the house".
Is this perfect? No. But no system is. Is it the best it could be? I would argue not, there are many changes that would make our system of government better, most of which involve making coalitions and minority governments more likely not less (proportional voting, more political parties, less whipping etc).
To argue now, as the AG and PM did, that this parliament has no moral authority is to attempt to annul the last election. For those opposed to the annulment of the referendum, why is the referendum democratically superior to an election? The mandate? 52/48 is not a huge mandate, even if 17.4m is the largest vote for any single issue, 16.1m is the second largest vote behind any single issue (that's what happens when the question is a binary). The Conservatives lost their majority, and therefore their ability to govern without compromise because the electorate voted. The law of the land going into that election is there would be another election in 5 years. Parliament is the place to decide if another election is held, and they currently say "not yet, out of public interest".
This does not scream anti democracy to me. This screams complexity, difficulty, nuance and indeed, politics. What is antidemocratic is undermining the legitimacy of Parliament. That is where the current PM stands.
you can guarantee nothing it might well be worse, but by and large the UK is a fairly sensible place Brexit aside.
Barnesian Posts: 7,308
I don't think the polls currently are a good indicator of what will actually happen when the GE comes. But they probably influence the various parties's calculations on timing of the GE.
For what it's worth, here is the EMA including the latest ComRes and Survations polls:
Con 31.4% (-0.4) compared with previous EMA
Lab 24.6% (-)
LD 19.6% (+0.2)
BXP 13.8% (+0.3)
Average of Baxter and Flavible gives:
Con 323 (-4)
Lab 208 (+2)
LD 46 (+2)
My tactical voting model gives:
I think you can't look at Boris' behaviour in isolation. It needs to be seen through the prism of the last 3 years.
PMs set the tone. Yes MPs across the house have been disgraceful. If either post Brexit PM had set a different tone they would not have.
I give you one word: Ireland.
For all the contumely poured over Boris, he remains the best bet, for the country, in terms of a vaguely sensible way out of this mess.
Swinson is going for Revoke, which will put a bomb under everything. Catastrophic..
Corbz is going for a referendum and full-fat Marxism, which is a different kind of bomb, but another bomb nonetheless. Possibly worse than Swinson.
Farage wants No Deal. We all know about THAT bomb.
Which leaves us with Boris Johnson Esq. Who wants a new election, and a big majority, so he can finally push through some kind of deal (probably a tweaked and rebadged version of TMay's effort, with a NI backstop). This is the sole means to escape our nightmare without torching the country or the economy. "The best way out is always through".
So, I put it to PB, even those who hate Boris with a passion, need to hold their noses and support him, if they love this country. Weird but true.
Barnesian said:
Con 31.4% (-0.4)
So nothing much changing and little chance of resolution. Spot on, continued purgatory for the UK it is.
Tax cases.
given hes almost 60 how much longer would he actually need to practice law ? Wouldnt he just cash in his millions and buy a villa somewhere ?
True. But as a leader he has a special responsibility. And he is failing in that. The buck stops with him.
Perhaps. But, I am not convinced.
Many of the Victors of the Referendum were not magnanimous and completely failed to take on board the narrowness of the victory.
But many of the Losers of the Referendum were also consumed with bitterness and spite.
So, I am unconvinced.
Very good comment Nick. I've been lurking here as I find the discussions too polarised for my taste but I really think that somehow the Commons needs to return to some sort of rational behaviour.
This is not Eton. We are not a group of school children looking up to Head Boy.
We all have to take responsibility for our actions.
He hasnt got any deal that he is even proposing. You are just projecting what you consider an acceptable outcome as "his deal". That is what a bluffing salesman does, make you think you are getting what you want, even if he only has a shit sandwich available.
At least when May spoke of no deal, it was as a potential outcome instead of her deal. With Boris he simply doesnt have any deal to put forward, hence no deal.
Try a trip to Poland. Last time I was there I got accused of murdering General Sikorski.
What kind of timetable do you have in mind for Johnson's strategy, given that he is adamant he won't extend?
I am not saying it would be perfect, of course it wouldnt, but we wouldnt be here either, and we would have left.
https://twitter.com/isaby/status/1177140269852106752
To nuclear bombs. It is arguably the most pivotal moment in the human story.
Simple error. They don't go on about it so much, because they either feel the guilt of atrocity (e.g. Germany) or the shame of defeat (e.g. France).
It's still a huge brooding presence in national psyches across the Channel. Notice how the EU rolls up the continental sleeve to show the scars of war, whenever Brits ask why we need the EU in the first place.
Brits bang on about WW2 openly, whereas others whisper and mutter, because we won it, and we are very proud that we won it.
A GE is odds on to produce another hung parliament with Labour as the minority government. The consequence is a CU based deal with the EU, followed by a referendum (deal versus remain), followed by revoke. So we would not be back to square one.
I think Tories will get it based purely on being the least of all the evils
a KFO to follow no doubt, why Bercow fans the flames is anyones guess.
Hmph. The Speaker controls the behaviour in the House and it is up to him to call a halt to this stupidity. He can name mambers, suspend individuals, or even the sitting to let tempers cool but he won't.
Most MPs have been doing their earnest best. Doing what they think is right for the country and their constituencies. That counts for all parties and on both sides of the Brexit debate. Even where they have strong opinions, their motive is usually noble.
There are a few who have sought to undermine the mechanisms of our democracy for personal gain. They are few in number, dangerous, and deserving of special consideration. Don't let them hide in amongst the masses.
Johnson and Raab are two in particular. Both decided that shutting to parliament illegally would serve them in their ambition to become PM or remain PM. That is orders of magnitude worse than merely being pugnacious.
We all know what kind of deal Boris is aiming for, it's going to be very close to TMay's deal, with the backstop restricted to NI. The EU has confirmed this.
He needs a decent majority to ram this through, above the protests of the ERG idiots, and shorn of a need to please the BXPers.
So we all need to vote for him, even if we despise him. True story.
El_Capitano Posts: 3,212
If they are doing their earnest best then why is the House becoming a cage fight ?
As a group they are ineffective and not serving the country or their constituents.
Is this part of the remainer elite conspiracy?
Of course we do.
As must Boris as the PM. He has a special responsibility as the leader of his party and as PM. He is failing in that.
How does your tactical model work? How is it calculated.
That is an interesting comment - is there a difference in the level of vitriol MPs address each other with if it is the Speaker or Deputy Speaker in the chair?
That would likely be a Tory NOM govt, with a referendum as the price. Swinson won't touch Corbz, and Corbz won't budge.
Fair point. He can be criticised too.
I am not sure Labour minority govt is clear cut simply because it is a hung parliament. There are Labour leave rebels just as the Tory party has rebels. There are obvious tensions with Labour & SNP/LDs. The Labour leadership is not particularly capable of organisation. Referendum if it happens does not equal revoke, leave is perfectly plausible. You are being optimistic.
The mythical UK-US trade deal often seems to be treated as the equivalent of bringing America into the war against the EU.
FrankBooth Posts: 7,279
One of the complaints is that MPs have been deliberately weakening the government's negotiating hand by telling Brussels not to worry about no deal because they will stop it. Is that actually true? Do people have evidence for it?
"So Mr Johnson, why did you let Corbyn into No 10"
"First up, I did not recommend a succesor to the Queen, but as is our constitutional way the Leader of the Opposition no matter how reprehensible is called first to attempt to form a Government as is right and proper in the constitution. And I am now the LoTO because I said I will not sign that surrender bill, and I will not break the law. I have remained true to my word and true to my principles."
Want to try again on that one?
I think yesterday's rhetoric from Boris and the AG was deeply irresponsible, divisive and damaging. But cage fight? Come off it.
The "we" of 1940 was not the "we" of 2019.
it'll be a C&S if anything at all.
There will never be a Labour NOM govt, not while Corbyn is there. His policies are insane. OK he won't be able to force most of them through, but just allying with him would horribly contaminate any other party. Not going to happen.
If Corbyn went after an equivocal election, then yes all things become possible. But why would he go if he sees a slender chance of being premier?
Like Mike I'm wary of hypothetical polling, but the polling we've seen with alternative leaders doesn't bear out what you say. Brexit and personal affections for this or that politician aside, lefitsh people who want moderation go LibDem and leftish people who want radical change go Labour. Brexit complicates it since it's the LibDems who are the wild-eyed radicals and Labour the waffly moderates, but I'm not convinced that the polling would look very different if we had any specific leader (once they'd been through the customary "Here's a picture of you with evil person X in 1989" media mauling).
He is not aiming for any sort of deal. He has put forward no proposals. He has no negotiation strategy.
Or have I missed something?
He's also said that he will unite his party and the country and defeat Corbyn.
He's already gone back on the first of those. You suggest he will go back on the second - but he might decide not to stick to one of his other promises instead. You can't easily predict which promise he will break.
Yes. Quite possible.
Labourites blithely presume that the obedient Libs will jump into bed with them, and let Labour govern. This really isn't going to happen when the other person in the bed is the grinning magic grandpa, naked apart from the string vest of Marxism, exposing the hairy boner of Abolish the Public Schools.
You can have that image for free, to keep in your head forever.
He may be learning not to look ashamed, but the shame will still be there, eating away malignantly at his already shrivelled soul.
Hopefully.
It is for England and Wales only. I use Baxter plus Flavible for Scotland (SNP 50 seats).
It is constituency based and uses a basic combination of arithmetic (UNS) and multiplicative swing in the ratio of 75/25.
It assumes that 40% of the Green votes goes to Labour and 40% to LDs and 20% stays with Green (in line with latest YouGov poll on this question).
It assumes that in constituencies where Lab were behind LDs, 45% of Lab vote tactically for LDs.
In constituencies where LD had less than 30% of the Lab vote, 35% of LDs vote tactically for Lab. (The 45% and 35% are from recent YouGov poll on tactical voting. The 30% reflects LDs not voting tactically if they feel LD have a chance of overtaking Lab in that constituency).
Any BXP seats are assumed to be Tory.
Gosh that was also my 2000th post
No. There is a paradox. Boris needs Corbyn to head a minority government for a couple of weeks to extend Article 50 and call the election. This allows Boris to remain Tory leader and fight and win (he believes) as champion of the people against the Establishment. Boris fears that message will be undermined if he calls the election himself, and he will leak votes and seats to BXP.
I think a sizeable majority of the country - Leave AND Remain - would take this in a heartbeat, if it got us out of this endless and dreadful nightmare.
Wise words.
@HYUFD and @Byronic are right (pause...gasp...).
Boris might well want an NI-only backstop. Thing is, how the fuckety fuck does he get there?
He has blown whatever trust he might once have had.
Emergency structural repairs to Sir Graham Brady Old Lady's mailbox?


We do Ontario Early Years program twice weekly, and this really gives us all a nice break. It is a contained area where I can chat with mothers and other daycare providers, and the kids get a change of toys, scenery and other kids.
I think I am pretty laid back by nature, and that helps a lot. I don't sweat the small stuff, as they say, and I try and lay out to parents very specific details, so they know what's expected of them as well. I have finally found my voice with the parents too, and I know in the back of my head now that everyone is replaceable, as cold as that sounds, but this is my job as well as my HOME, and I have to be happy too.
I have four children total. Two are part timers, and one doesn't come on Fridays, so I only ever have three on any given day. To be honest, I don't think I could handle any more than that. The ages I have are 16 months, 19 months, and two 27 month olds.
I guess the way I handle it is routine. The kids all know what's coming next, so tantrums and not cooperating is kept at a minimum. We have free play, circle time/learning time, snack, outdoor time (or play group), lunch, nap, outdoor play (or craft) and free play in that order, every day.
I appreciated the advice you left on a post of mine, and some other responses you've given in this forum. Do you mind if I pick your brain? I see we're in the same part of Ontario, so maybe you've run into the same probs I have at some point.
I'm a newbie, and I've still got lots to learn about this whole process!
I was chatting with another worker, and she thought I had spread myself too thin in the age group I've taken in. My kids range from 21 months to 6 years old- most are 2 or 4. I've also only got part time kids, so every day is a different mix. I love the idea of taking in younger kids so I actually get a break of some kind, but having so many under 3 makes me nervous. How do you do it? Also, do you find having that many children every day is less stressful in the end because of the consistancy factor?
I know we're all crazy busy, so any chance you get to give your two cents would be appreciated!


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Happy Birthday, Maureen O'Hara! A look at the Irish actress's best films
Maureen O'Hara was born in Dublin on August 17, 1920. The talented Irish woman went on to become one of Hollywood's most beloved stars.
IrishCentral Staff
Maureen O'Hara acted in scores of movies during her career but are just some that will stand out forever. Getty Images
Maureen O'Hara's birthday is August 17. Celebrate the birth of the beloved Irish actress with a look at some of her best films.
Maureen O'Hara was born in Ranelagh in Dublin city on August 17, 1920. She and her five siblings showed their talent from a very young age. Training at the famed Abbey Theatre from her teens, Maureen's dream was initially to be an opera singer.
Maureen O'Hara in 1938 (Getty Images)
Read More: Maureen O'Hara's marriages and loves: The good, the bad and the ugly
Despite being made to go to business college by her ever-practical father, Maureen was discovered at just 17 years of age by famed English actor Charles Laughton and earned her one-way ticket to Hollywood in the 1939 film "The Hunchback of Notre Dame."
She is probably best known, however, for playing the iconic Mary Kate in "The Quiet Man", the character that truly brought her into Irish acting royalty and just one of the five films in which she starred opposite Western legend John Wayne.
Stars of 'The Quiet Man,' John Wayne and Maureen O'Hara (Getty Images)
Read More: Remembering Maureen O'Hara---one of her last Irish interviews
Maureen O'Hara acted in scores of films during her career, however, some of which will stand out forever. Here is our selection of the top Maureen O'Hara movies and her own comments on the roles:
"The Quiet Man"
"I have often said that 'The Quiet Man' is my personal favorite of all the pictures I have made. It is the one I am most proud of, and I tend to be very protective of it. I loved Mary Kate Danaher. I loved the hell and fire in her. As I readied to begin playing her, I believed that my most important scene in the picture was when Mary Kate is in the field herding the sheep and Sean Thornton sees her for the very first time. It's a moment captured in time, and it's love at first sight. I felt very strongly that if the audience believed it was love at first sight, then we would have lightning in a bottle. But if they didn't, we would have just another lovely film."
"How Green Was My Valley"
"An artistic collaboration began (with John Ford) that would span twenty years and five feature films. My favorite shot in the film takes place outside the church after Angharad gets married. As I make my way down the steps to the carriage waiting below, the wind catches my veil and fans it out in a perfect circle all the way around my face. Then it floats straight up above my head and points to the heavens. It's breathtaking."
"The Hunchback of Notre Dame"
"We began filming out in the San Fernando Valley... unfortunately, Los Angeles was having the hottest summer in its history, and I knew from day one that it was going to be a physically demanding shoot, especially taxing on Laughton because of the heavy makeup and costume requirements for Quasimodo. When I saw Laughton for the first time made up as Quasimodo, I almost fell over. I took one look at him and gasped, 'Good God, Charles. Is that really you?' He answered me with a wink and then limped off."
"Miracle on 34th Street"
"I have been the mother to almost forty children in movies, but I always had a special place in my heart for little Natalie. She always called me Mamma Maureen and I called her Natasha... when Natalie and I shot the scenes in Macy's, we had to do them at night because the store was full of people doing their Christmas shopping during the day. Natalie loved this because it meant she was allowed to stay up late. I really enjoyed this time with Natalie. We loved to walk through the quiet, closed store and look at all the toys and girls' dresses and shoes. The day she died, I cried shamelessly."
Read More: Is Maureen O'Hara's "Miracle on 34th Street" the greatest Christmas movie ever?
"McClintock"
"There are so many great scenes in the picture. Audiences always rave about the fight sequence that takes place at the mine dump and ends in the mud. A total of forty-two cast members took part in the brawl, and nearly all of us ended up sliding down the bank into the mud pit below. The most dangerous stunt I perform in the picture was the fall from the ladder into the water trough."
"Jamaica Inn"
"My character was the innkeeper's niece, the heroine who is torn between the love of her family and her love for a lawman in disguise." Laughton decided that the actress's name had to be changed since it was 'too long for the marquee' and gave her the choice between O'Mara and O'Hara. Since she rejected both he dismissed her protest and himself decided on O'Hara. O'Hara liked Hitchcock and wrote later that she "never experienced the strange feeling of detachment with Hitchcock that many other actors claimed to have felt while working with him."
Read More: Maureen O'Hara Museum in Ireland gets the go-ahead
"Rio Grande"
The final installment of John Ford's cavalry trilogy based on James Warner Bellah's three short stories, which Ford had read in the Saturday Evening Post.
On working with John Wayne she said: "From our very first scenes together, working with John Wayne was comfortable for me."
"The Black Swan"
"It had everything you could want in a lavish pirate picture: a magnificent ship with thundering cannons; a dashing hero battling menacing villains (Tyrone Power, Laird Cregar, and Anthony Quinn); sword fights; fabulous costumes... working with Ty Power was exciting. In those days, he was the biggest romantic swashbuckler in the world. But what I loved most about working with Power was his wicked sense of humor."
Read More: Top quotes by Irish Hollywood legend Maureen O'Hara
"My Irish Molly"
"Charles Laughton arranged for me to make my first picture, a low budget musical called 'My Irish Molly.' It is the only picture I made under my real name Maureen FitzSimons. I was to play a young woman named Eileen O'Shea who helped rescue a little orphan called Molly. Laughton wanted me to become more comfortable with both being on a movie set and being in front of the camera."
"The Long Grey Line"
"This was the fourth picture I'd made with John Ford, and it was by far the most difficult."
Read More: Oscar winning Maureen O'Hara speaks about her life as a Hollywood legend
*Originally published in October 2015.
Which is your favorite Maureen O'Hara movie? Let us know in the comments section, below.
Related: Movies, Maureen O'Hara


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Q: Correct usage of Redux store in a complex React app I've read the docs and sorted out a few small examples, but I can not figure out how to use the Redux in an application with a large number of components. How to organize a file structure for reducers and actions, should I create a reducer for each component, or only for main app component, do I need an initial state of the store for the whole app?
E.g. I have an App (pseudocode):
<App>

</App>

Table component looks like:

    <SearchBar value={searchString}>

<SearchBar/> is simply an input whose value affects the display of data in the

So what is the best practice to use Redux in such case?

A: It very depends on developers to architect the source code. In my case, I started with small projects by putting all reducers in one files. But when I started working with bigger projects, I felt having separate reducers for each component is easier to maintain and reuse. So each component has each own reducers, actions, actionTypes, selectors, styles files.
You'd have an app reducers where you combine sub reducer. Redux handles this for you using: https://redux.js.org/docs/api/combineReducers.html
Here's how you can init app reducer:

Here's app reducer file:

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Aztec Clay Mask
Act Fast to Get the Clay Mask With 45,000 Five-Star Amazon Ratings for $10
"This mask has been such a lifesaver."
By Lauren Rearick Nov 30, 2021 @ 5:30 pm
You haven't entirely missed major holiday savings. Black Friday and Cyber Monday are over, but the deals continue, especially at Amazon. If you move fast, you can score a 1-pound tub of the extremely popular Aztec Secret clay mask for only $10.
A favorite of beauty editors, celebrities, and the 45,000 Amazon shoppers who gave a five-star rating, the Aztec Secret Indian Healing Clay Mask is just about as revered as skincare comes. Made entirely with calcium bentonite clay, a volcanic ash that the brand says draws out impurities, it's designed to cleanse pores. It's normally $15, but the clay mask that multiple reviewers say is "worth the hype" is now just $10 thanks to an Amazon Deal of the Day, meaning you'll have until tonight at midnight to grab a discounted jar.
"I washed it off after 20 mins and was shocked to see my clogged pores were much cleaner and less congested. I barely touched my nose and blackheads were coming out but they were dry and easily expelled from my pores," one shopper wrote.
Aztec Secret – Indian Healing Clay 1
Shop now: $10 (Originally $15); amazon.com
Since the clay doesn't contain fragrance or additives, it's generally well tolerated by multiple skin types, but the brand still suggests conducting a patch test before using all over. Though it's commonly used on the face, the product can also be applied to the back, arms, and legs.
One shopper said it's "the only acne cure that worked" for them. They added, "This is quite possibly the best skincare product I have ever used… nothing has cleared my angry, inflamed cystic acne quicker than this mask."
Another reviewer who also used the mask as a means of treating cystic acne wrote, "My skin has been a rollercoaster for the past five years. But recently, things have gotten really out of control. My self esteem is the lowest it's been. This mask has been such a lifesaver… The mask has dried up everything and I have no new breakouts. I was so happy that I cried."
Don't miss your chance to shed a few happy tears: Head to Amazon now to purchase your own jar of Amazon's famous clay mask while it's on sale and just $10


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Rovers set to be loan rangers again
Tranmere will again look to the loan market for player deals
Dan KayLive Content Editor
Tranmere Rovers manager Ronnie Moore
A brief examination of the numbers game in the Tranmere dressing room is enough to tell you that manager Ronnie Moore will be leaning heavily on loan players once again during the 2013-14 campaign.
Moore hopes to have 19 of his own players signed by the time Rovers kick-off against Walsall on Saturday, August 3.
The modest Prenton Park budget won't allow him to sign any more. The rest will have to be loanees, whether long-term or short.
The formula worked pretty well in the first part of the 2012-13 season, with centre-back Ben Gibson (from Middlesbrough) midfielder Liam Palmer (from Sheffield Wednesday) and striker Jake Cassidy (from Wolverhampton Wanderers) quickly establishing themselves as influential members of the first team.
A long-term groin injury to Gibson and Wolves' refusal to extend Cassidy's loan beyond the turn of the year impacted hard on the team and Moore was unable to find players of similar quality in subsequent short term loan deals.
Tranmere hope for similar success in their summer recruiting this time and even hold out some hope of re-signing Gibson, although Cassidy is unlikely to be allowed out of Molineux now Wolves are a League One club.
However, Moore says he cannot expect quick decisions from the Premier League and Championship clubs who have players earmarked for loan duty in the lower divisions.
"We'll have to wait until the Premier League and Championship clubs are ready to release them," Moore said. "That's more likely to be in August and September rather than July."
"We have a loan player, a midfielder, due to come in at the end of next week, so he's going to miss the first of our pre-season games.
"His club, from the Championship, have made their mind up that they want to get him out on loan.
"We will have him until January and then his club will want to reassess the situation.
"Otherwise we would have wanted to take him until the end of the season.
"It worked well with Palmer last season.
"I would take Palmer again now but Sheffield Wednesday are not sure what they are going to do with him."
Moore added: "At Middlesbrough they don't know if they are going to let Ben Gibson out.
"If they do it's possible they will say he needs to go to another Championship club, because he has already proved he can play at League One level after doing well with us last season.
"The next step may be Middlesbrough will allow him out to a lower Championship club, although there's always a risk to loaning players to clubs in your own division. It can be the manager's curse.
"But we won't know about that until August or September."
In the meantime, Moore has to bring the strength of Tranmere's own signings up from 16 to 19.
"We need 19 of our own players which is basically all we can fund for," said Moore, who once again will be working with one of the smallest budgets in the division.
He added: "We know what we're working with and we have to get on with it. We let some players go at the end of last season to bring some fresh blood in.
"Every year you hope you might get an extra 10 or 15 per cent out of the new players you bring in, compared to the ones you let go."
Moore chose well last summer, building a side that led the table at the halfway point of the season. Injuries to key players, notably Gibson, James Wallace and Andy Robinson, coupled with the loss of Cassidy, exposed the squad's lack of strength in depth.
A collapse in form over the final phase of the season saw them finish in 11th place.
Moore would like to recruit cover for the two full-back positions and another striker with his final three permanent signings.
He says: "At the moment we're in a similar position to last year.
"I think our best XI will be as good as anybody's, but we know we won't keep our best XI together over a 46 game season.
"It will be the same thing with injuries and we need to make sure we have a little more strength in depth and better quality players to come in when people are injured."
James Wallace


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Team Advantage compares and contrasts the members of Alberta's only social-democratic dynasty, and gives careful consideration to their theory of social and political change.
Jason Kenney's star UCP candidate, Caylan Ford, recently resigned over white supremacist comments. But did you know that the Calgary Herald's star columnist, Licia Corbella, wrote a glowing puff piece on Caylan Ford? Join Team Advantage as they read through Corbella's insightful profile. For legal reasons, please consider this entire episode parody.
Did you know that the post-war CCF once wrote admiringly about the Red Army? That it saw Canada's wartime economic planning as a great argument for the superiority of central planning and public investment? That they authored pieces like "Political Action for the 99%" in 1943? Or that NDP leader David Lewis used to publicly name-and-shame Canadian corporations that avoided taxes while soaking up publicly-funded subsidies?
Dr. Roberta Lexier from Mount Royal University joins Team Advantage to discuss David Lewis and the CCF-NDP's policies in the post-war period, and helps us think through how these ideas might be relevant today. Follow Roberta at @rlexier!
Renowned earth scientist David Hughes joins Team Advantage to discuss Canada's energy mix, Alberta's oilsands, the realities of a carbon-constrained future, orphaned wells in Western Canada, oil curtailment and oil-by-rail, as well as David's most recent study, Canada's Energy Outlook.
David Hughes will be speaking in Calgary on Monday, March 4th, 2019 at 7pm at MacEwan Hall. Follow this link for details.
David Hughes will also be presenting in Edmonton on Tuesday, March 5th, 2019 at 7pm at the TELUS International Centre at the UofA. Follow this link for details.
Populism! It frightens liberal technocrats everywhere! What could be worse than teeming masses of people making political demands? Team Advantage takes a look at some of populism's historical roots, and examines that classic populist formulation: the [ENEMIES OF THE PEOPLE] vs [THE PEOPLE]. While everyone is concerned about right-wing populism, is a left-wing populism possible? What would it look like?


Nancy L. Craig, a professor of molecular biology and genetics, and King-Wai Yau, a professor of neuroscience and ophthalmology, both in the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, are among 72 scientists nationwide newly elected to membership in the National Academy of Sciences, an honorary society that advises the government on scientific matters.
A Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator, Craig studies the molecular mechanisms by which so-called transposable elements move and how they can be exploited for genetic engineering. Composed of DNA sequences with no fixed address, these traveling salesmen of the genome are present in virtually all organisms and contribute to both genome structure and function. One important consequence of transposon insertion is that information encoded by the transposon becomes stably linked with its DNA target. About one half of the human genome is composed of DNA sequences related to transposable elements, which are emerging as potentially important predictors of human traits and diseases. Craig currently is focusing her research efforts on how several different transposons choose their new insertion sites.
Craig joined the Johns Hopkins faculty in 1991 and was previously a faculty member in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the University of California, San Francisco. She earned a bachelor's degree in biology and chemistry from Bryn Mawr College and a doctorate in biochemistry from Cornell University.
Yau's primary research interest lies in the flow of signals important in sight and smell. Among his discoveries are the critical roles played by two key signaling molecules—calcium and cyclic GMP—in the process of converting light into electrical signals by the rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the retina, a process known as visual transduction. In addition to advancing the understanding of hereditary blinding diseases that affect rod and cone cells, Yau characterized the light-response behaviors of a newly discovered photoreceptor cell in the retina. These cells can react to light and affect circadian rhythms and other nonvisual aspects of the brain's visual system. Yau also contributed to finding the cause of one form of central vision loss.
Yau, who joined the Johns Hopkins faculty in 1986, earned a bachelor's degree in physics from Princeton University and a doctorate in neurobiology from Harvard University.
The election of Craig and Yau, held during the 147th annual meeting of the academy in Washington, D.C., brings the total number of active members to 2,097.


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At last, justice for the Hordyks
John Steenhof January 13, 2023
Christian couple (and HRLA clients) Byron and Keira Hordyk have successfully argued that foster care agency Wanslea Family Services' decision to reject their application to become short term foster parents was unlawful discrimination.
The couple were awarded $3000 each in damages after the Western Australian State Administrative Tribunal found that Wanslea had unlawfully discriminated against the couple because of their Christian beliefs on sexuality and gender.
The Hordyks's long journey to vindication started in 2017 when they applied to become short term foster carers with Wanslea for children under the age of five.
During the assessment process the Hordyks responded to follow up questions about their religious beliefs after identifying themselves as Christians on the application form. The couple outlined their commitment to the Bible's teaching on gender and sexuality in response to a specific hypothetical scenario put to them about a foster child kissing another child of the same sex at school.
The agency rejected the couple and marked their application as having been "assessed to not meet competencies" for approval as foster parents.
The Hordyks commenced proceedings in the WA Equal Opportunity Commission to challenge the decision on the grounds that they had been discriminated against on the basis of their Christian beliefs.
Just before Christmas, after a long legal journey, the Hordyks were finally vindicated, with the WA State Administrative Tribunal deciding that Wanslea had discriminated against them on the grounds of their religious beliefs by rejecting their application and terminating the assessment process.
As Associate Professor in Law Neil Foster said the "decision is an important affirmation of rights of religious freedom".
"It will hopefully be a salutary warning to government agencies that religious convictions really matter, and need to be accommodated in decision making," he said.
The decision is a significant win for the Hordyks and also for the protection of religious freedoms in Australia. Justice has been done, with a State Tribunal finding Wanslea's discriminatory treatment of the Hordyks because of their religious beliefs to be unlawful.
The decision affirms the importance of allowing Christians the opportunity to participate and serve their community irrespective of their beliefs.
In addition, the decision shows that the momentum of community and corporate opinion, which has been on display in recent months, such as the cancelling and disenfranchising people like the Hordyks and Andrew Thorburn – is out of step with what is just, fair and representative of true equality under the law.
And finally, the decision highlights the pressing need for legislative protection of religious freedom in Australia.
As Mark Fowler, Adjunct Associate Professor at Notre Dame law school, has said:
"In recognising that the Hordyks were discriminated against on the basis of their sincerely held beliefs, the decision reaffirms the widely recognised need for a federal Religious Discrimination Act."
A Commonwealth Religious Discrimination Act is urgently needed to robustly and effectively protect the free exercise of religious belief and activity by properly balancing against other competing rights, rather than making religious belief and activity a 'second tier' right.


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Tandy Overstreet
The family of the late Glenn Taubenheim was honored with a plaque at halftime of the football game Friday night, Sept. 7.
PCS honors Taubenheims
The family of the late Glenn Taubenheim, including his wife, Bonnie, children Clint Taubenheim and Shannon Vaughn and his grandchildren, were recognized with a plaque from Perkins County Schools at halftime of the football game Friday, Sept. 7. The school thanked Glenn and his family for the support and donations they provided to the school over the years.
PCS Superintedent Phillip Picquet spoke of Glenn during the presentation, stating he made an indelible mark on Perkins County Schools for more than 40 years.
He was a staple on the chain gang during football games and worked at the finish line for track events. In addition to providing his time to the youth, he also provided financial support and resources, while forsaking recognition.
If something was needed, Glenn would have a hand in meeting that need.
His family has continued his legacy by making a significant donation to the football, track and field, physical education and weight programs.
On behalf of Perkins County Schools, Picquet expressed his gratitude and presented the plaque to the family.


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Mysteries at the Museum airs Wednesday at 8/7c on the Travel Channel.