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Illustration: Thoka Maer
Your Guide to Climate Action
Feeling like you can't make a difference? That couldn't be further from the truth. Here's where to begin and how to amplify your efforts to make lasting change in the world.
Lead Your Community
Rebuild the Machinery
Join a National Cause
Illustrations by Thoka Maer
Reporting and editing by: Andrew Del-Colle, Breanna Draxler, Kevin Dupzyk, Rene Ebersole, Martha Harbison, Janet Marinelli, Andy McGlashen, and Hannah Waters.
Level 1 : Start the Conversation
We are facing a climate crisis of epic proportion—one that threatens life on Earth as we know it. For people and birds to have any chance of adapting, the response needs to be no less massive. But that doesn't mean you can't start at home. Personal actions reduce our own contributions to climate change, sometimes significantly. Just as important, they have a ripple effect: When people see others in their community taking action, they are much more likely to do so themselves. The technical term for this is "social norm," but let's just call it doing your part to help save the world.
How to Find Your Climate Story
Climate Action Guide
We all have one, and identifying yours is the first step in becoming an advocate for climate action.
How to Become Solar Contagious
Spread climate solutions by taking visible actions in your community.
How to Be a Low-Carbon Traveler
Easy tips for getting from A to B without emitting so much C.
Take It From Me:
Inspiration from an electric vehicle owner
"Last year, my husband and I bought our first car since 2004. We wanted something that used as little fossil fuel as possible, but we were hesitant to get an all-electric vehicle that would require regular charging on our annual trip from New York City to the Midwest for the holidays. We ended up with a plug-in hybrid—the perfect compromise. The battery provides a 60-mile range per full charge for local travel, and the gas engine kicks in when we're out of juice on longer drives. Now our biggest challenge is ensuring that the electricity for each charge is green, so we opt into our utility's wind-energy plan at home."
—Elizabeth Sorrell, Audubon's vice president of engagement, and a 2018 Chevy Volt owner
Create a More Climate-Friendly Yard
America's largest irrigated crop isn't corn or soy—it's grass.
Number of gallons of gas each person would save by swapping beans for a five-ounce steak one day a week for a year. Or, to put another way, that's a five percent decrease in a typical home's annual electricity use.
Climate Coping Skill
BE REALISTIC Once you grasp the urgency of the climate crisis, it's easy to feel bad about not doing more. "Coming from that mindset is natural and understandable, but it's counterproductive," says climate psychologist Renee Lertzman. We get the most done when we have compassion for ourselves, accept our shortcomings, and view each day as a chance to live closer to our values.
Cimate Action Guide
Give Your Home a Climate Overhaul
Having a low-carbon house isn't just better for the world—it will also save you serious money.
Level 2: Lead Your Community
With your own carbon footprint under control, it's time to level up your impact by encouraging those around you to take climate actions. But where to start? Consider the local communities and spaces where you already have connections and influence—your child's school, say, or a social hub like a coffee shop. By merely showing up and making your case, you can lead others toward climate-friendly policies and practices. It's not always easy, but it's often productive—and rewarding. Along the way, you'll develop new relationships and skills that will help you become an ace climate advocate.
Hit the Neighborhood
Climate-action tips for greening your town.
Inspiration from a first-time city councilmember
"I unexpectedly had the opportunity to run in a special election. I was a newcomer to St. Paul, though a lifelong Minnesotan. I had about 10 days to actually make a campaign. What should people considering this think about? Local politics can feel entrenched—like, oh, I have to have been a homeowner for 25 years in this community and have super-deep networks to jump in and try to lead. I didn't have any of that. I struck out on my own to say: I believe what our community really needs right now is a new perspective for the future."
—Mitra Jalali Nelson, Ward 4 council member in St. Paul, Minnesota, one of 25 cities selected so far for the National League of Cities' Leadership in Community Resilience Program.
How to Write a Letter to the Editor
It's more productive than a Facebook rant.
Pick Your Newspaper if you want to influence a specific decision maker, choose a paper they read. A local or regional print publication is a good bet.
Get to the Point Make one point in your letter, and make it well. Keep it between 150 and 200 words.
Make It Personal Tell your climate story to emphasize why you care. Include no more than the one fact needed to support your main point.
Don't Hold Back Tell readers what you want to get done or them to do. Be precise and aggressive.
But Don't Be Too Aggressive Do not attack individuals or groups of people. Stick to your point.
Find a Proofreader Before submitting your letter, have a friend or trusted colleague read it for clarity and errors.
Number of years it can take a new building to overcome the climate impacts of its construction. When possible, retrofitting existing buildings—for example, by upgrading HVAC or electrical systems—should be the priority for cities and towns.
STAY FOCUSED People confuse worrying about climate change with taking action, says psychotherapist Rosemary Randall. Getting involved with an organization, like Audubon, can help—it's easier to make a tangible impact with a group, and that reaffirms your sense of agency. Terror is not a durable motivation. Much healthier: social justice and preservation of the natural world.
Why Towns Should Prepare for the Climate Displaced
Climate change is already causing people to relocate. As more hometowns become inhospitable, yours might be able to help.
How to Hack Your Local Food System to Prevent Waste
Farm-to-table is the buzzword, but too often farm-to-landfill is the reality.
Why You Should Support Green Infrastructure
By working with nature, not against it, we can mitigate climate disasters while creating vital habitat.
Level 3: Rebuild the Machinery
Ready to really start making an impact? Good, because now it's time to tackle the entrenched systems and political stagnation that can greatly contribute to climate change at the state and regional levels. It's here that we need to advocate for things like fast and innovative grid transformation, forward-thinking climate policies, and institutional reform. There's no question that driving change is challenging work. The key is recruiting allies and being thoughtful about your strategies and goals. With the right partnerships and planning, you can wield influence that once might have seemed unimaginable.
Gather Your Forces
When fighting for a cause, you can't just mobilize—you have to organize.
Number of phone calls needed to make a South Carolina representative "feel like their doors are being blown off," says Tara Spicer, a Republican strategist in the state, which has a medium-size population. Adjust for the size of your state accordingly, pick your issue, and start dialing.
GET OUTSIDE Advocating for major change can be exhausting, so take time to remember what you're saving. Go birding, and go often. You can even turn this breather into an action by joining Audubon's Climate Watch program, which tracks how climate change affects certain species. "I have a passion for counting birds," says Leif Anderson, an avid Climate Watch volunteer. "It's a fun, easy community-science project, and it's something one person can do."
Inspiration from a first-time lobbyist
"I didn't know what to expect on my first lobby day. I didn't know how close we would get to these individuals, or if we'd even get to talk to them. Luckily we did get to talk to a few, and the representatives, for the most part, we're really nice. Going in with that uncertainty is kind of exciting. But it's also encouraging when you get there and you have this whole group that you're planning out the conversation with, knowing that you're all there to support each other and get the same message across. That was neat and comforting. I look forward to my next one."
—Sara Wrenn, member of the University of North Carolina Asheville's Audubon campus chapter, on attending a lobby day with Audubon North Carolina to advocate for rewewable-energy policy.
Get to Know Your Public Utility Commission—and Pressure It
These are the gatekeepers to the grid reform we need.
How You Can Help Fix the Electric Grid
To make a real dent in climate change, we have to go big on renewables—but an outdated power grid is getting in our way.
Seek Influential Allies to Achieve Your Climate Goals
To broaden your regional impact as a climate advocate, take a cue from these two cases.


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Students bring African culture to Taipei
29 Mar 2009 - 03:05PM
Pan-Africana Cultural Troupe performs at the African Cultral night on Saturday. (Photo: Michael Wijaya)
TAIPEI, Taiwan– Elements of African culture were showcased on Saturday as students from the continent hosted the first ever African Cultural night at the National Taiwan University here.
"This is the night I have had in mind for a long time. I couldn't do it, but here we have so many African students contributing to this," Chan-Shen J. Yen, Secretary General of the Forum on African Studies in Taiwan said at the event.
Yen, a professor at the National Cheng-Chi University Institute of International Affairs, said that the Taiwanese education system provides limited information about Africa.
He said the event was an opportunity for African students to showcase their culture and for Taiwanese to learn about the continent.
"Because, it is through understanding that we will not have a negative type of stereotype or any kind of myth about Africa. I think we can learn more about African music, African theatre, African literature, African art," Yen said.
"And that's why years ago former president of South Africa [Thabo] Mbeki talked about an African renaissance. The time that you can glimpse back to the period of time when you have pride in your culture," he said.
Yen's interest in Africa was aroused when as a child a relative in the Taiwan foreign service sent him stamps from African countries.
He echoed sentiments by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs representative who said, "I think that in the future, more Taiwanese, young people in particular, will appreciate the experience, diversity and excitement that African cultures bring to you."
In additions to speeches from African and Taiwanese dignitaries, the event included a performance of the Ingoma dance from Swaziland, the Ussua dance from São Tomé and Príncipe, and a drum and dance portrayal from The Gambia. There was also drumming by Pan Africana — a cultural troupe in Taipei, a video presentation, a fashion display, and African food.
Yusapha Touray, a civil activist from The Gambia delivered a speech titled "Reflections on Africa" in which he discussed some of the historical, psychological, socio-political, and socio-economic factors that has contributed to what Africa is today.
From left: Professor Chan-Shen J. Yen, Ambassador Mowdo Juwara, Malawian student Edward Goka.
Gambian Ambassador to Taipei, Mowdo Juwara said that Africa was going through "dramatic changes including cultural awakening" and hence the event was a timely one.
"We all need to promote our African culture and to take it into account in our development programmes," he said.
He spoke of the African Cultural Charter adopted by African leaders in 1976 at the level of the African Union.
He said the Charter provided the framework for promotion of African cultural riches and showed the level of interest and commitment of African leaders to strengthening the cultural diversity of Africa.
"And the African Union commissioner is continuing in the proud tradition of promoting cultural integration and strongly supports pan-Africana initiatives."
He said the first pan-Africana cultural festival in Nigeria in July 1969 "was not only an event for cultural exchange but also an opportunity for continental integration and social interaction".
Similar events have taken places in various African countries and have brought people together and showcased their diverse cultural riches, the ambassador said.
"Africa has tremendous material, spiritual and cultural resources. The African cultural industry must serve as an important engine for socio-economic development. Our culture also has an important role to play in our search for African unity, reconciliation and common humanity.
"… Culture and art are at the heart of our heritage, our democracy, our development and our humanity," he added as he urged all African to serve as cultural ambassadors.
Edward Goka, chairman of the committee that organised African Cultural Night, told I Witness-News the event was organised to share African culture with the Taiwanese people.
"…People have come and they are saying they are happy with the event so I think the objective has been achieved. I think they have learnt something from it," he said.
Goka said the committee hoped to form an association of African students in Taiwan with the view to having its executive making African Cultural Night an annual event.
Tasheka Haynes from St. Vincent and the Grenadines said they event was "okay but there was just too much talking and not enough dancing, not enough African vibes".
"I thought there would be more African dances and stuff like that. Am disappointing in that area, but it was okay; for a first try it was alright."
Meanwhile, Ayrat Malovski of Russia was "overwhelmed" by what he saw.
"It was really good — dancing, singing. I don't know what to say. It was really good. I don't know much about Africa and the culture and what I have seen today it was so useful, [informative]. A lot of the things I have seen today I have seen it for the first time. I have never seen this kind of thing before; I have never heard the songs."
See also: Gambaian calls for Africa to "look onto the future"
See more photos from the African Cultural Night here.

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According to McGraw Hill Construction, new construction starts for October reached a seasonally adjusted annual rate of $585.6 billion after a 5% increase from the previous month. The October increase came after a huge 13% gain in total construction starts for the month of September. Total construction starts on an unadjusted rate are up 4% compared to last year during the same period, totaling at $433.0 billion.
A closer look by sector shows non-residential building was responsible for most of the construction gains in October, increasing by 20% to an annual rate of $216.9 billion. The construction of three major manufacturing plants in particular lent a great hand in the boost. These plants included a fertilizer plant in Iowa worth $1.7 billion, a natural gas processing plant in West Virginia worth $1.7 billion, and a gasification plant in Louisiana worth $1.5 billion. Residential building as a whole bounced back from a slow September, increasing by 3% in October to an annual rate of $209.5 billion. As for non-building construction, the annual rate decreased by 6% to $159.2 billion, due largely to a significant drop in electric utility construction.
To read to complete McGraw Hill Construction report, click here.


Knowing a decent and honest plumber who has installed or repaired plumbing fixtures for you will come in handy in an emergency situation. It is usually very difficult to locate an emergency plumbing contractor, and if you do, it could cost you thousands of dollars. Having an existing relationship with a trustworthy plumber is useful. They will be more likely to visit you after normal working hours and less likely to charge you an exorbitant amount of money.
A great professional to ask about top-quality plumbing contractors is your local Real Estate Agent. Most common maintenance problems involving properties require an expert plumber, so chances are that your agent is sending a plumbing contractor out on jobs many days of the week. Call them to see if they can refer you to someone good and reasonable.
Your friends and family members could also be able to refer you to a reliable and affordable plumbing contractor. Other trades people may also know a good plumber in your area. When getting referrals, you need to know the fact that they may receive a commission from the plumbing contractor for sending them the work.
Now, it is time to start calling around. The Internet, phone book and local newspapers are excellent places to begin your search if you are looking for a great plumber that deals with drain cleaning in Niagara. Remember that there are various different types of plumbers out there. Some will primarily focus on small tasks, others repair work and renovations. Obviously, there are also emergency plumbers who mainly deal with repair work.
When talking with a plumbing contractor, be sure to ask questions and get clear answers. If you are not sure about anything, do not hesitate to ask. If a plumbing contractor makes you unhappy when they answer, this is a clear indication that they are not the right choice for you. Try to be specific about the details. Ask when they will be able to start and whether they will be handling other tasks at the same time.
When choosing a good plumber that deals with drain cleaning in Niagara, take the time to confirm that the plumber is properly licensed and insured. The plumber must have the appropriate insurance and liability coverage. Thus, you are advised to keep all of the above-listed aspects in mind before making a final decision.


I have listened with a great deal of pleasure to the remarks which have been made by our brethren, and the instructions which they have given unto us upon the principles of the Gospel. The interesting remarks of brother Brigham Young must have appealed very strongly unto all of us, and impressed us with their truth. First, he has said if our professions are greater than those of the rest of the world, and if we testify that we have received truths in advance, and authority greater than that possessed by others, our lives should correspond with our professions, or we can never justly expect that we will receive any greater reward than they; and this is a truth that should be taken home to the hearts of all the people who are called Latter-day Saints. The Lord requires of us that our acts, and that our desires, and that all our labors shall be in harmony with our professions, and that when we testify that we know that God lives, and that he has restored the everlasting Gospel to the earth, in its primitive simplicity, purity, and power, with the authority to administer in the ordinances thereof for the salvation of the children of men—that making these professions and bearing these testimonies, we should exhibit in our lives the fruits of the glorious doctrines and truths that we profess to have received. In no other way can we truly bear testimony to the veracity of these things. "A tree is known by its fruits; a good stream does not send forth bitter waters; men do not gather grapes of thorns and figs of thistles." And so with us and the rest of mankind. When we profess to have received the truth, we should exhibit the fruits of that truth in our lives. When we profess to have received the everlasting Gospel and the Spirit of God, we should rejoice in the gifts of that Spirit. We should live so as to enjoy them, and in times of trial, of difficulty, of perplexity, and of affliction, we should exhibit a self-control and power and strength that might be expected from a people situated as we are, and having the blessings that we enjoy. Do the Latter-day Saints exhibit these fruits as they should? In some respects they are to be seen, and in others they are not so fruitful as they should be. There is an abundance of room for improvement on our part. There is room for an increase of exertion and an exhibition of greater faith as a people, than we have ever yet exhibited. The Lord is ready, according to our own testimonies, to pour out upon us every blessing that we need. Are we sick? Are any of our households sick? What is the privilege of the Latter-day Saints according to our doctrines, according to the teachings of these books (the Bible and the Book of Mormon), and according to our own belief? It is our privilege to exercise faith in the name of Jesus Christ, to have the sick, where not appointed unto death, restored to life. This is the privilege of the Latter-day Saints, the privilege of every faithful man and woman in the Church of Christ upon all the face of the earth. If there be a misfortune impending that is fraught with difficulty, or disaster, or trouble of any kind, what is the privilege of those who are the servants and handmaidens of the Lord Jesus Christ? It is the privilege, and has been the privilege in all ages of the world, according to the records that have come down to us, for those who live godly in Christ Jesus to have revelation concerning those events, that they may be prepared for them, and not be taken unawares. I would not give much for a religion that did not prepare me for events of that character; I would not think it the religion of Jesus Christ. I would not give much for a church, to me it would have no attractions, in which God did not manifest his power, in which there were no evidences received of God's power and of God's ability to deliver in the hour of trial and difficulty. It is this which makes the Church of Christ, it is this which makes what men call "Mormonism," so attractive to me. It is because it is a system of power; it is because there are gifts connected with it; it is because I was told when a child that if I would be baptized for the remissions of my sins and repent of them, I should receive the gift of the Holy Ghost. It is because there are in this Church Prophets and Apostles, the gifts of revelation, of healing, and discerning of spirits, and all the other gifts, that were ever enjoyed by the ancient people of God. It is these gifts that make the Church of Jesus Christ a power in the earth, and that makes the teachings and doctrines of this Church so attractive to all the inhabitants of the earth who believe truthfully and sincerely the doctrines contained in the Old and New Testaments. It supplies the want that is felt by every honest heart, a yearning after a knowledge of God, a yearning after the things of God, and a yearning after that certainty that dispels all darkness and unbelief, and is a rock, which is like the rock of ages, upon which the foundation being built, the building is forever without fear of being shaken or overturned, when the storms and tempests shall beat upon it.
This is the secret of the union that has always characterized this Church of Jesus Christ, and yet we do not live up to our privileges. What is the privilege of the Latter-day Saints? Are the privileges of this Gospel confined to a few individuals? Revelations have been given to our departed President—President Brig ham Young—but were the gifts, powers and qualifications of this Gospel confined to his person alone? Were they confined to his Counselors? Are they confined to the Twelve? Are they confined to the Bishops or to any other class in this Church? Certainly not. They are like the air we breathe; they are like the light that enlightens our understandings and gives light to our intellects. They are free to all who will live so as to receive them. There is none so old, none so learned, none so high, neither is their any so low, nor so young, nor so illiterate, unto whom these are denied. They are the free gift of God to all His children; to all who keep His commandments. They shall receive these gifts, and enjoy them if they will live so as to have them in their hearts, so that the Holy Spirit will bestow them upon them, and it is this also that causes this Church and this Gospel to be so delightful, there is an equality about it. It is not, as I have said, confined to a few, but it is extended to all the inhabitants of the earth, who will place themselves in a position to receive it. "Repent and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins, and ye shall receive the gift of the Holy Ghost, for this promise is unto you and to your children and to all that are afar off, even as many as the Lord our God shall call." Even all. Whom does he call? Go preach this gospel to every creature, therefore every creature is called, at all times and in all generations throughout the earth. None are excluded from its glorious benefits. It is therefore the privilege of every member of this Church to enjoy revelation for himself or herself, to know the mind and will of the Father, to know concerning the doctrine whether it be of the Lord or whether it be of man, and I would not give much for a people or an individual who is destitute of this knowledge. Sooner or later unless they repent and feel after it, they will stand in slippery places, and when the floods come and the tempests beat upon them, they are in danger of falling away and becoming castaways from the Church of Christ; but the man who receives his knowledge from the Father, and the woman who can come to the Father in the name of Jesus and ask and receive for herself a testimony concerning this work, and concerning the government of God, in times of trial and difficulty, they are safe, because they know where their strength is and unto whom they can apply for light and guidance in the hours of temptation, trial and difficulty. They know then the voice of the true Shepherd.
My brethren and sisters let me address myself more directly to you upon this point. We have been bereft of our President. We have been bereft of the man who has stood at our head and guided us for thirty-three years, and we have learned to look upon him as the mouthpiece of our Father to us, but we ought, also, to have learned, as I have no doubt the majority of this people have learned, that he was but an instrument in the hands of God to accomplish the work entrusted to him, and that he being gone, the Lord will raise up and strengthen those who remain, and give them the power necessary to accomplish his work and carry it forward in the earth; and if they fall too, as they likely will, the column of humanity, the column of the Priesthood will still press forward, until all that the Lord has appointed to his people, he will accomplish on the earth, and Zion will be established and fully redeemed according to all the words of the Prophets. And further, it will cause us to draw nearer unto the Father and live so that we shall receive revelation from him for ourselves, that the knowledge of the Spirit shall be in our hearts, that the voice of the true Shepherd will be known to our ears, that when we hear it we will know it, that we cannot be deceived or led astray. This is the privilege of the Latter-day Saints, and the man and woman in this Church who does not live so as to enjoy this privilege comes short of being what he should be. It is these blessings that compensate for the falsehoods, for the contumely and for the persecution to which the Latter-day Saints are subjected. If it were not for these gifts and blessings our case would not be a very enviable one; but in possession of these blessings, and knowing for ourselves the truth, and understanding the will of our Father in heaven and rejoicing in the blessings of peace, quietude, union and love, such as cannot be obtained elsewhere, with those other gifts to which I have alluded—having these in our possession we can look calmly upon the efforts of the wicked. We can, without being afflicted in our souls, receive the persecution which they may seem fit to heap upon us; to have our names cast out as evil, to be accused of all manner of wickedness and crime. We can submit to these things cheerfully, knowing that the day will come when these lies shall be swept away; when the will of the Father and the glorious light of truth will shine upon us, and we shall be vindicated in the sight of the inhabitants of the earth, in the sight of heaven and angels. This being our condition, we can rejoice under these circumstances, and look forth to the time when we shall receive the happiness and reward alluded to. Brethren and sisters, live so that each of you can go to the Father and ask and receive from him the blessing that you need. He has said, "Cursed is he that putteth his trust in man, or maketh flesh his arm." Do not build upon man. Do not lean upon him, but lean upon our Father in heaven. Seek unto him; implore his blessing; ask for light and strength from him; humble yourselves before him, and confess your sins; be of a broken heart and contrite spirit, and he will visit you with his Spirit, and bestow upon you gifts such as you have never yet received.
That you may do this, and that we all may do it, that we may be eventually saved and exalted in the kingdom of our Father, is my prayer, in the name of Jesus. Amen.


Give me a call at (928) 539-0581 and I'll be happy to answer any questions you might have.
Agent was knowledgeable of insurance needs we needed to transfer coming back to AZ from CA. Was very professional and courteous at all times. Made me feel comfortable to come back to company after leaving it for a few years right from speaking to office staff on phone to coming into the office.


HDM - The 8 inch flex hose included connects the Qtube directly to your CPAP machine and the standard tube to the mask. The qtube in-line cpap muffler reduces acoustic noise transmitted to the patient mask through the CPAP tube. This device purpose is to quite the sound of the air as it moves through the CPAP hose itself.
Please note this does nothing to reduce the noise of the machine itself.
HDM - Hdm z1 custom tube adaptor is a replacement adapter that is used with the HDM Z1 CPAP system, it adapts a standard 22mm CPAP hose to the outlet on the Z1.
Serene Dreams CPAP Humidifier Heat Moisture Exchanger (HME) for Travel Machines and Home CPAP Solution for Inline Humidification (10 Pack).
HDM - 10 pack bundle hdm heat/moisture exchanger HME Inline Humidification Solution Unit for CPAP Masks.
HDM Human Design Medical HD60-3021 - Hd60-3021. Z1 polyester disposable filters 2 pack to be used with the Z1 Basic Travel CPAP Machine. Filters should be replaced every 30 days as a general rule. A perfect fit. Part #: hd60-3021 note: it is recommended that you replace your filter every month at a minimum Available in packs of 2 product no. Easy installation.
Human Design Medical - Available in packs of 2 product no. The hme is a waterless humidification system that captures exhaled moisture and returns it to you when needed. Waterless humidification. Hmes are certified for 7 days of use after opening. Filters should be replaced every 30 days as a general rule. Hd60-2100 Hd60-3021. Easy installation.
Human Design Medical - Easy installation. Disposable filters for z1 travel CPAP Machine 6 pack Available in packs of 2 product no. Hd60-3021. Waterless humidification. Hd60-2100 Filters should be replaced every 30 days as a general rule. Travel Friendly.
SoClean - Available in packs of 2 product no. Connects any transcend cPAP model to SoClean CPAP Cleaner and Sanitizer. Waterless humidification. Travel Friendly. The adapter does not connect directly to the PAP system. Hd60-3021. Works with all SoClean models. Connects the z1 cpap to SoClean CPAP Cleaner and Sanitizer. Easy to install and use.
Filters should be replaced every 30 days as a general rule. Hd60-2100 Easy installation. It's designed for use with all SoClean models. This adapter is necessary to ensure the SoClean is able to function properly while sanitizing the PAP equipment.
HDM - If you're planning on going camping or otherwise using the batteries with your Z1 Travel CPAP machine, you'll need the DC Power Cord to operate the device. Travel Friendly. Available in packs of 2 product no. Filters should be replaced every 30 days as a general rule. Power your z1 travel with the DC Power Cord.
Connects the z1 cpap to SoClean CPAP Cleaner and Sanitizer. Easy to install and use. Easy installation. Waterless humidification. Works with all SoClean models. Hd60-3021. The 12v dc power cord for z1 cpap machines powers the Z1 CPAP Travel Machine and use the Adapter to charge your Z1 PowerShell battery. It connects the machine to any 12-volt battery source, including car cigarette lighters.
HDM Z1 12V DC Adapter for Travel CPAP Machine - Connects any transcend cPAP model to SoClean CPAP Cleaner and Sanitizer. Hd60-2100 .
generic - Easy to install and use. Waterless humidification. Hd60-3021. Available in packs of 2 product no. Travel Friendly. Connects the z1 cpap to SoClean CPAP Cleaner and Sanitizer. Hd60-2100 . Connects any transcend cPAP model to SoClean CPAP Cleaner and Sanitizer. Easy installation. Filters should be replaced every 30 days as a general rule.
Works with all SoClean models.
Sunset HCS 4332436078 - Filters should be replaced every 30 days as a general rule. Low memory to avoid kinks •Latex-free. Easy to install and use. Connects the z1 cpap to SoClean CPAP Cleaner and Sanitizer. 18in cpap tube with 22mm cuffs • compatible with nearly all cpap, bipap and bilevel systems for every manufacturer on the market • Smooth interior and a corrugated exterior for excellent flexibility and unrestricted interior flow characteristics • TPR cuffs to reduce tearing • Low memory to avoid kinks • Latex-free Available in packs of 2 product no.
Hd60-2100 . Hd60-3021. Works with all SoClean models. Travel Friendly. Connects any transcend cPAP model to SoClean CPAP Cleaner and Sanitizer. Waterless humidification. Easy installation. Tpr cuffs to reduce tearing. Compatible with nearly all CPAP, BiPAP and BiLevel systems for every manufacturer on the market. 18in cpap tube with 22mm cuffs.
Sunset 18 inch Cpap Tubing - Smooth interior and a corrugated exterior for excellent flexibility and unrestricted interior flow characteristics.
Huapa - Connects the z1 cpap to SoClean CPAP Cleaner and Sanitizer. Tpr cuffs to reduce tearing. Waterless humidification. Hd60-3021. Travel Friendly. Hd60-2100 Easy to install and use. Filters should be replaced every 30 days as a general rule. Smooth interior and a corrugated exterior for excellent flexibility and unrestricted interior flow characteristics.
It can be easily solve the noise problem caused by the MINI CPAP Vent module. The mini cpap air outlet is connected to the connector, the size of this hose connector is universal, and all hose connectors are available. Connect the other end of the Connector to the CPAP hose port. Your cpap hose can be connected to multi-brand nasal masks.
Huapa Mini Hose Connector for CPAP Hose CPAP Accessories Resmed Air Nasal Masks - The connector is designed to solve the problem that the Resmed MINI CPAP is not compatible with other types of hose and masks. The connector can be connected to multi-brand respiratory hose and masks. Compatible with nearly all CPAP, BiPAP and BiLevel systems for every manufacturer on the market. Low memory to avoid kinks •Latex-free.
18in cpap tube with 22mm cuffs. Works with all SoClean models.


Sec. 4.2. (a) No applicant may receive a license from the Department and no person may be employed by a licensed child care facility who refuses to authorize an investigation as required by Section 4.1.
elements of which are similar and bear a substantial relationship to any of the foregoing offenses.
(6) Aggravated battery with a firearm.
(7) Aggravated battery of an unborn child.
(8) Aggravated battery of a senior citizen.
(10) Compelling organization membership of persons.
(12) Felony violation of an order of protection.
(1) Felony unlawful use of weapons.
(2) Aggravated discharge of a firearm.
(3) Reckless discharge of a firearm.
(4) Unlawful use of metal piercing bullets.
(6) Disarming a police officer.
(8) Concealing or aiding a fugitive.
(1) Possession of more than 30 grams of cannabis.
(2) Manufacture of more than 10 grams of cannabis.
(4) Delivery of cannabis on school grounds.
(6) Calculated criminal cannabis conspiracy.
(10) Calculated criminal drug conspiracy.
(11) Street gang criminal drug conspiracy.
(12) Permitting unlawful use of a building.
look-alike substances to persons under age 18, or at truck stops, rest stops, or safety rest areas, or on school property.
to deliver controlled, counterfeit, or look-alike substances.
(15) Delivery of controlled substances.
(16) Sale or delivery of drug paraphernalia.
instruments adapted for use of a controlled substance, methamphetamine, or cannabis by subcutaneous injection.
(18) Felony possession of a controlled substance.
subsection (b) of Section 16-1 of the Criminal Code of 1961 or the Criminal Code of 2012.
5 years prior to the date of application or renewal, except for drug offenses. The relevant drug offense must have occurred more than 10 years prior to the date of application or renewal, unless the applicant passed a drug test, arranged and paid for by the child care facility, no less than 5 years after the offense.
and assess all convictions and recommendations of the child care facility to determine if hiring or licensing the applicant is in accordance with Department administrative rules and procedures.
qualifications to be licensed as the pertinent type of child care facility under this Act and the Department's administrative rules.
(7) Aggravated battery with a firearm.
(8) Aggravated battery of an unborn child.
(9) Aggravated battery of a senior citizen.
(11) Compelling organization membership of persons.
(13) Felony violation of an order of protection.
(21) Possession of burglary tools.
(27) Felony unlawful use of weapons.
(28) Aggravated discharge of a firearm.
(29) Reckless discharge of a firearm.
(30) Unlawful use of metal piercing bullets.
(32) Disarming a police officer.
(34) Concealing or aiding a fugitive.
(37) Possession of more than 30 grams of cannabis.
(38) Manufacture of more than 10 grams of cannabis.
(40) Delivery of cannabis on school grounds.
(42) Calculated criminal cannabis conspiracy.
(46) Calculated criminal drug conspiracy.
(46.5) Streetgang criminal drug conspiracy.
(47) Permitting unlawful use of a building.
(50) Delivery of controlled substances.
(51) Sale or delivery of drug paraphernalia.
occurred more than 10 years prior to the date of application or renewal.
conviction or convictions to the Department for purposes of a background check.
placed a child in the home or the foster family home license was issued.
assessed and waived the conviction in compliance with the existing statutes and rules in effect at the time of the hire or licensure.
qualifications to be licensed as a foster family home under this Act and the Department's administrative rules.
stable home environment and appears able to continue to provide a safe, stable home environment.


Cost is $10 per person - Seniors are free (students only).
This dress-up event includes dinner with dessert, awards, season slideshow, senior recognition, dancing, and a variety of mirth and merriment.
Order Forms are above the orange mailbox in the band room. Return order form and payment in a sealed envelope to the orange mailbox by Wednesday, November 2nd. Tickets will be sent home with students by Friday, November 4th. All are invited, but tickets will not be sold at the door.
We will need some donations to make this a great party & keep expenses down. Please visit the Signup Genius link below and help up make this a fantastic celebration for our kids - they deserve it! Non-perishable donations can be dropped off in the band room any time next week.
Senior parents - hopefully you already submitted your 6 photos for the slideshow, because the deadline has passed. Plan on bringing an 8x10 framed photo (like a senior picture) to display at the banquet.


Applying for dental insurance can be a highly frustrating experience, often with mountains of paperwork and unexpected issues, such as lengthy dental care eligibility verification procedures.
With dentists' fees rising far faster than inflation there are more than 100 million Americans lacking dental insurance. Recently released figures show that 29 percent of all adults have untreated cavities, a number which continues to rise.
Plus, with so many dental carriers to choose from, it is often difficult to determine the best dental plan to fit your needs.
Fortunately, we work with major medical carriers whose dental insurance options include dental plans with discounts on dental costs, an easy approval process and the ability to select a dentist or dental care professional from a list or network.
In addition, dental insurance is offered as an optional benefit with many major medical plans. When you request a health insurance quote, we'll let you know which plans include dental coverage and/or dental discount plans. By clicking on the buttons below, you'll also be able to see the top two Dental and Vision plans in the country right now based on price and benefits combined!


Nor-Cal Products, Inc. was incorporated in 1962 and began fabricating stainless steel flanges, fittings, and custom components exclusively for the then emerging vacuum industry. Nor-Cal's knowledge of welding, machining, forming and cleaning stainless steel allowed us to quickly become the premier supplier to equipment manufacturers and national laboratories.
Nor-Cal coauthored the specification for vacuum fittings at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory that became the standard for vacuum component manufacturers. Our ability to provide consistently high quality and on-time deliveries of OEM components made us the preferred supplier for pump bodies, vacuum chambers and other vacuum subassemblies. Nor-Cal continued to work with end users on vacuum research systems, while developing our own product lines including foreline traps, isolation valves and electrical feedthroughs. In 1978 we released our own product catalog. During 1997 Nor-Cal began a research and development program for downstream pressure control valves and controllers.
Our most recent catalog contains over 4,000 standard items for almost every vacuum application. Thanks to the vision of our late CEO, Craig Hill, Nor-Cal has developed into a world-class manufacturer, providing the highest quality vacuum components, engineered solutions and technological leadership. Nor-Cal has long been regarded as an anchor in the vacuum community. We are long time supporters, sponsors or members of the Association of Vacuum Equipment Manufacturers (AVEM), American Vacuum Society (AVS), Society of Vacuum Coaters (SVC) and Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International (SEMI).
Over the years Nor-Cal's customer base has been drawn from all segments of the vacuum industry. Our components are used in almost every phase of semiconductor processing. We are a preferred supplier to several semiconductor and compound semiconductor equipment manufacturers. We also supply mechanical contractors during fab construction. Industrial and academic researchers are frequent purchasers of standard, modified standard and custom components for physical, chemical and electrochemical experiments.
Other customers who have come to value our experience are instrument manufacturers of surface analysis equipment, thin film deposition system manufacturers for solar or industrial coatings, laser device manufacturers and aerospace industries.


The role of the Mount Pleasant Board of Education is to establish education policy for the district, recommend the annual school district budget for voter approval and oversee the work of the superintendent of schools.
Seven community residents are elected for three-year overlapping terms.
The mission of the Board of Education is to serve the community by providing an environment where all students can learn through a continuously challenging academic climate that values excellence, team work and individual intellectual development. The Mount Pleasant Central School District strives to meet the needs and concerns of students living in a rapidly changing, multicultural, technological society. The Board of Education believes the students, family, school and community share in this responsibility. Our schools must provide a setting where people are accepted as individuals in an environment that fosters self-discipline, mutual respect, cooperation and excellence.


Pat Gallagher Realty can be found at Kingsley Ave 449. The following is offered: Real Estate Agents. The entry is present with us since Sep 9, 2010 and was last updated on Nov 14, 2013. In Orange Park there are 31 other Real Estate Agents. An overview can be found here.


text:
Rathgar
End of an era for Rathgar cafe set to move to 'new and bigger' home
The little gem of a cafe is well-known for making delicious cheese toastie sandwiches and top notch coffee
Kim O'Leary
14:15, 8 OCT 2021
Updated 14:22, 8 OCT 2021
Fia Cafe in Rathgar is set to move to bigger premises (Image: Image: Fia Cafe Instagram)
A much-loved Rathgar cafe has announced the end of an era with a big move set for its future.
Fia Cafe is on the search for a brand new home, with its last day open on Saturday before the big move.
The little gem of a cafe is well-known for making delicious cheese toastie sandwiches and top notch coffee.
Taking to Instagram, the team at Fia wrote: "We write this post with a heavy heart and mixed emotions.
"We would like to announce that Fia is on the move. Our last day open is Saturday 9 of October."
In the heartfelt post, the team thanked Fia customers for their "support, friendship and community" since the cafe first opened its doors in 2016.
"It's been a wonderful and exciting time through new beginnings, new crews, new coffees, weekly specials and not to mention a global pandemic, no matter what, the support has been huge."
"We'd like to take the opportunity to tell you that change is once again afoot and Fia will be moving to a new and bigger location.
"As much as we love our little shop we feel we need to grow into something new and a little bigger to stay on top. Keep your eyes peeled and we'll keep you posted, but for now come say a friendly goodbye…or see you later!"
Meanwhile, the cafe's devoted followers took to social media to wish them well.
One user said: "Best of luck guys!"
Another said: "This move will be great for you guys, looking forward to visiting you at your new location."
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Dublin duo bring Vancouver-inspired 'concept cafe' to Stoneybatter
Ranelagh coffee house announces end of an era with move - but they will be back


text:
Ecnomiohyla est un genre d'amphibiens de la famille des Hylidae.

Répartition
Les 12 espèces de ce genre se rencontrent du Mexique à la Colombie.

Liste des espèces
Selon  :
 Ecnomiohyla bailarina Batista, Hertz, Mebert, Köhler, Lotzkat, Ponce, & Vesely, 2014
 Ecnomiohyla echinata (Duellman, 1961)
 Ecnomiohyla fimbrimembra (Taylor, 1948)
 Ecnomiohyla miliaria (Cope, 1886)
 Ecnomiohyla minera (Wilson, McCranie, & Williams, 1985)
 Ecnomiohyla phantasmagoria (Dunn, 1943)
 Ecnomiohyla rabborum Mendelson, Savage, Griffith, Ross, Kubicki, & Gagliardo, 2008
 Ecnomiohyla salvaje (Wilson, McCranie, & Williams, 1985)
 Ecnomiohyla sukia Savage & Kubicki, 2010
 Ecnomiohyla thysanota (Duellman, 1966)
 Ecnomiohyla valancifer (Firschein & Smith, 1956)
 Ecnomiohyla veraguensis Batista, Hertz, Mebert, Köhler, Lotzkat, Ponce, & Vesely, 2014

Étymologie
Le nom du genre  vient du grec , merveilleux, inhabituel, et du latin , la rainette, en référence aux incroyables membres du groupe d'Ecnomiohyla tuberculosa.

Publication originale
 Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell & Wheeler, 2005 : Systematic review of the frog family Hylidae, with special reference to Hylinae: phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, ,  (texte intégral).

Liens externes

Notes et références

Hylinae
Genre d'anoures (nom scientifique)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


BENGALURU: With over billion mobiles, 325 million broadband connections and 306 million new bank accounts, India has become a case study in digital financial inclusion, said Communications Minister Manoj Sinha on Thursday.
"India is a leading case study of commitment to digital transformation and financial inclusion. The 500-million mobile connections in rural areas offers an opportunity to achieve digital and financial inclusion," he said at the first Financial Inclusion Global Initiative (FIGI) symposium, being hosted by India and attended by delegates from across the world.
Sinha said the Unique Identification Number (Aadhar) helped in linking and disbursing money directly to the beneficiaries under the government's various welfare schemes.
"As India is poised to become a $10 trillion economy in the next decade, expansion of financial services and financial inclusion are imperative through innovative approaches. The impact of inclusion can only be compared to the industrial revolution," he said.
As a leader in ICT and IT-enabled services, India was committed to help the global community in achieving the Sustained Development Goals (SDG) through digital financial inclusion, he added.
"As we believe in multilateral cooperation for global and regional development, we hail the International Telecommunication Union, World Bank, Bank of International Settlements and the (Bill) Gates Foundation for taking up financial inclusion in the digital way as a global initiative," he said.
The two-day symposium will make actionable recommendations to face the challenges in transforming the government digital and providing on-demand services to the citizens with transparency and certainty.
Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Chairman Ram Sewak Sharma, Telecommunications Secretary Aruna Sundararajan, Telecom Commission Chairman Ajay Prakash Sawhney, Electronics and IT Ministry Secretary Anuradha Mitra and other senior officials also addressed the gathering.


text:
The Stolen
Charlotte Lockton has settled in the South Island of New Zealand with her wealthy British husband, David, but her dreams of a new life and prosperous future are shattered when David is murdered and her baby son is kidnapped. When a ransom note arrives, she realizes her only option is to track him down on her own.
Alice Eve, Graham McTavish, Jack Davenport
Niall Johnson
Charlotte Lockton (Alice Eve) has settled in the South Island of New Zealand with her wealthy British husband, David, but her dreams of a new life and prosperous future are shattered when David is murdered and her baby son is kidnapped. When a ransom note arrives, she realizes her only option is to track him down on her own. Charlotte's quest forces her on a dangerous journey of survival through an untamed world to fight to the death for what she holds most dear.


When two passionate, innovative companies recently teamed up for a residential project in the hills of Sonoma, the results were beautiful. Since 1989, Fairweather and Associates (http://fairweather-assoc.com) has been designing and building new, modern, green homes in Sonoma County. Because their team manages projects from beginning to end, they have the authority to call on outside experts for help. Enter, The Canvas Works.
Fairweather presented our team with a design idea for a custom shade screen attached to a new, modern home. Taking on this screen project meant tackling challenges related to fabric choice, installation and functionality. We had to keep in mind the high aesthetic standards of both companies as well as the homeowner.
After a few iterations in material choice, we settled on Soltis 88, a Serge Ferrari product direct from Switzerland. Fairweather provided detailed drawings with tolerances plus or minus ¼ inch over a 15 foot panel. Their knowledgeable team strategically positioned the panel locations and fabricated structural posts in steel. Our panels required reinforced hems and the use of "D" rings for tensioning and attachment. Care was taken to maintain accurate overall lengths and widths for the pre-built structure. The finished product was a stunning, modern screen that provides shade to the homeowners.


North-western Brisbane. The Gap covers the suburbs of Ashgrove, Bardon, Ferny Grove and the Gap.
Map of The Gap's 2012 and 2016 boundaries. 2012 boundaries marked as red lines, 2016 boundaries marked as white area. Click to enlarge.
The Gap shifted further away from the Brisbane CBD, losing parts of Ashgrove to Paddington and Enoggera, and gaining Ferny Grove from Enoggera. These changes cut the LNP council margin from 21.5% to 21.1%, and cut the LNP mayoral margin from 22.4% to 22.3%.
The Liberal Party's Geraldine Knapp was first elected to represent the Gap in 1997. She was re-elected in 2000, and in 2004 with a 17% margin. She was re-elected with an increased 18.7% margin in 2008 despite an unfavourable redistribution, and again in 2012 with a 21.5% margin.
Knapp resigned in May 2015, and was replaced shortly after by the LNP's Steven Toomey as a casual vacancy. No by-election was needed due to the impending 2016 election.
The Gap is a Liberal National ward held by a large margin, but the LNP has recently lost their longstanding councillor, and the ALP has done well in the area at the recent state election, so Labor will be hoping to significantly cut back on the LNP margin.
Polling places in The Gap at the 2012 Brisbane City Council election. Central in blue, East in green, North in orange. Click to enlarge.
Booths in The Gap have been split into three parts: east, north and west.
The LNP won a large majority of the primary vote in all three areas, ranging from 60% in the east to 66% in the west.
The ALP primary vote ranged from 18% in the west to 27.5% in the north, while the Greens primary vote ranged from 8.6% in the north to 21% in the east.
Liberal National primary votes for councillor in The Gap at the 2012 Brisbane City Council election.
Labor primary votes for councillor in The Gap at the 2012 Brisbane City Council election.
Greens primary votes for councillor in The Gap at the 2012 Brisbane City Council election.


text:
Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 2003
The Act The Act is in 12 parts.
The Risk Management Authority
Sections 3 to 13 and schedule 2 – The Risk Management Authority
30.Sections 3 to 13 and schedule 2 provide for the establishment of a new authority to be known as the Risk Management Authority (RMA) and for this authority to be a public body. These sections also confer upon the RMA certain specific statutory functions in relation to the assessment and minimisation of risk posed to the public by offenders and certain accused persons.
31.Sections 3, 12 and 13 provide for the establishment of the RMA as a public body, and for the powers the RMA requires to operate as a public body and to discharge its functions in relation to the assessment and minimisation of risk. The sections also prescribe the RMA's duties in relation to account keeping and the production of annual reports. Schedule 2 makes provision concerning the constitution etc of the RMA.
32.Sections 4 to 11 set out the RMA's functions in relation to its broad remit of co-ordinating research and promulgating best practice in the field of risk assessment and the minimisation of risk and in playing a direct part in the management of high risk offenders for whom a risk management plan (RMP) is to be prepared. These functions are :
to develop policy and carry out research in the field of assessment and management of risk posed by offenders;
to monitor research into and promote effective practice in the assessment and minimisation of risk by issuing guidelines and standards and to commission research and pilot schemes in this area;
to administer a scheme of accreditation and provide or secure education and training in relation to those professionals involved in the assessment and minimisation of risk;
to monitor risk management plans for certain classes of offender.
Section 3 – The Risk Management Authority
33.This section establishes the Risk Management Authority and provides that it will exercise the functions given to it by the Act and any other legislation to ensure effective risk assessment and the minimisation of risk. The section also defines risk as the risk the person being at liberty presents to the safety of the public at large, and covers a person convicted of an offence or a person disposed of by the court on the grounds of insanity.
34.Section 3 also introduces schedule 2, which deals with a number of matters concerning the structure and procedures of the RMA (as a public body). Schedule 2 provides for:
the status of the new body;
the procedures for membership of the new body, including appointment, resignation and removal from office;
the procedure of the authority;
the arrangements for remuneration, allowances and pension for members of the authority;
the arrangements for the employment of staff and for their pensions, allowances and gratuities.
Section 4 – Policy and research
35.This section describes the various functions the RMA will be required to undertake in relation to its policy and research role. In relation to research, the RMA will be able to compile and keep under review research and developments in the field of risk assessment and risk minimisation, including information about how relevant services are provided in Scotland. The section also empowers the RMA to carry out its own research or commission or co-ordinate research and to publish the findings. The RMA will be able to carry out pilot schemes for the purposes of developing and improving risk assessment and minimisation methods and use the results of the research and pilots to promote effective practice throughout Scotland. This will be done through issuing standards and guidelines which are dealt with in section 5. As part of this function the RMA will also be able to give appropriate advice and make appropriate recommendations to the Scottish Ministers.
Section 5 – Guidelines and standards
36.This section enables the RMA (in pursuance of its policy and research function, prescribed by section 4) to produce, by means of guidelines, a common framework including standards within which those involved in the assessment and management of risk are to operate. The standards will be defined, approved and published by the RMA. The section also provides that those involved in the assessment and minimisation of risk must have regard to the RMA's guidelines and standards when exercising their relevant risk management functions. Practitioners involved in the field of risk assessment and the minimisation of risk may also be accredited for those purposes. This matter is dealt with in section 11.
Sections 6 to 9 – Risk management plans: preparation, further provision, implementation and review
37.As explained above, the RMA has a specific function in relation to offenders for whom a risk management plan (RMP) is to be prepared. Initially this will be for those offenders who are sentenced to an order for lifelong restriction (OLR). However, the Act makes provision for the Scottish Ministers to make an order prescribing other categories of offenders for whom a RMP would have to be prepared. There is a statutory requirement for the authorities who have responsibilities in connection with the relevant offenders when in prison or released into the community on licence to prepare a RMP. The RMP will detail the role of those authorities involved with the offender in minimising the risk the offender's being at liberty presents to the safety of the public at large. The RMA has a specific function to approve and monitor the implementation of the RMP. The provisions dealing with the preparation of the RMP, its implementation and review and the RMA's function in relation to these matters are set out in sections 6 to 9.
38.Section 6 requires that a RMP must be prepared for an offender who is sentenced to an OLR, and any other category of offender which the Scottish Ministers may, by order, prescribe. The types of offences and the process by which an offender will be assessed for an OLR, including the criteria against which his or her level of risk will be measured, are dealt with in section 1.
39.Before making an order prescribing any new category of offender for whom a RMP will be required, the Scottish Ministers must consult the RMA and any other person as considered appropriate.
40.This section also prescribes that the RMP must contain an assessment of risk, the measures to be taken to minimise this risk and how these will be co-ordinated. The form of the RMP is to be specified and published by the RMA, which may also provide guidance as appropriate on how the form should be prepared, implemented and reviewed. The authority preparing the RMP must use the published form.
41.The purpose of a RMP is to ensure that the risk the offender's being at liberty presents to the safety of the public at large (offender's risk) is properly managed on a multi-disciplinary basis and will detail the role of those authorities or bodies involved in managing the offender's risk. The RMP may place responsibility for implementing the RMP on any person who could reasonably be expected to assist with the minimisation of the offender's risk.
42.Section 7 prescribes that "the body" who will be responsible for preparing the RMP will be known as the "lead authority".
43.The identity of the lead authority following conviction will depend on the age of the offender and where the offender is liable to be detained or imprisoned.
44.There is no age limit on who may be sentenced to an OLR. If the offender is serving a sentence in prison or is being detained in a young offenders institution or is a child and is detained in some other establishment under section 208 of the Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995, the lead authority will be the Scottish Ministers. If the offender has a mental disorder and is detained in hospital under any of the provisions described in subsection (2) of section 7, the lead authority will be the State hospital or appropriate NHS authority.
45.This section also provides for a local authority to be the lead authority where the lead authority is not the Scottish Ministers or a hospital. In practice, the local authority will become the lead authority when the offender has been released from detention or imprisonment. Arrangements for transferring the lead from one authority to another, for example when an offender is released from detention or imprisonment are dealt with in section 9.
46.Section 8 sets out the preparation process for the RMP. The initial RMP is to be prepared within 9 months of the offender being sentenced or detained in hospital, although the RMA can grant a reasonable extension where an appeal under subsection (7) is pending. The lead authority is to consult any person or authority upon which it is considering conferring functions in relation to the implementation of the RMP and any other appropriate person. Those consulted are under a duty to comply with reasonable requests.
47.This section also requires the lead authority to submit the RMP to the RMA for approval. The RMA may either approve the plan or reject it if it does not comply with the minimum standards set out in section 6(3) or any other guidelines and standards which the RMA have prepared. If, in rejecting the RMP, the RMA considers that the lead authority has disregarded minimum standards or any relevant guideline, standard or requirement produced by the RMA in relation to the preparation of RMPs, the RMA can give reasonable directions to the lead authority or any person named in the plan concerning the preparation of a revised plan. Those receiving such a direction are obliged to comply with any reasonable direction. Those receiving such a direction may appeal to the sheriff against such a direction on the grounds that it is unreasonable.
48.Section 9 provides for the procedures for the implementation and review of RMPs. The lead authority and any other person having functions under the risk management plan are required to implement their respective responsibilities. If the RMA considers that the lead authority or other persons with duties under the plan are failing, without reasonable excuse, to implement the plan in accordance with those functions, the Authority may give directions to the lead authority or person concerned as to the implementation of the plan. The lead authority or relevant person is under a duty to comply with such a direction. Those receiving such a direction may appeal to the sheriff against such a direction on the grounds that it is unreasonable. The lead authority must report to the RMA annually on the implementation.
49.The section also provides a review process to be activated where there is likely to be a significant change in the offender's circumstances, for example, where the offender may be considered by the Parole Board for release on licence. Where a change is considered, the lead authority must review the RMP. If after review the lead authority considers that the current RMP is no longer suitable or is likely to become unsuitable then that authority must prepare a revised RMP and submit it to the RMA for approval within a period which the RMA may reasonably require. Where, following a review, the lead authority considers that it is no longer appropriate for it to continue as "lead" (for example where an offender is being released on licence), the responsibility will pass to a different lead authority as prescribed under section 7 and the new lead authority must prepare a revised RMP and have it approved by the RMA. The RMA's power to reject a RMP on the grounds that it does not meet agreed standards and issue directions apply equally to revised RMPs.
Section 10 – Grants to local authorities in connection with risk management plans
50.Section 10 enables the Scottish Ministers to make specific grants to local authorities subject to such conditions as they consider appropriate to assist with the preparation and implementation of the RMP. Before making such a grant the Scottish Ministers are to consult local authorities and other persons as appropriate.
51.It is expected that local authorities will bear the cost of preparing and implementing RMPs from within existing budgets on the basis that they already have a statutory duty to provide appropriate services for these offenders. However the RMA will be able to make recommendations to the Scottish Ministers concerning the granting of specific funding where it appears to the Authority that this is required to ensure that a RMP can be prepared or implemented.
Section 11 - Accreditation, education and training
52.This section gives the RMA two roles. It enables the RMA to:
administer any scheme set up by the Scottish Ministers for the purpose of accrediting the processes of assessing and monitoring risk and practitioners who work in the area of risk assessment and minimisation. The RMA's function in this respect extends to awarding, suspending or withdrawing accreditation;
carry out or commission relevant educational and training activities.
53.The section also empowers the Scottish Ministers to make regulations to establish appropriate accreditation schemes for the RMA to administer. The accreditation may cover any RMA-sponsored education or training and may also recognise other relevant experience or qualifications held. For example, the accreditation may recognise relevant qualification previously obtained, or obtained from a source other than the RMA. As respects the processes of assessing and minimising risk, the accreditation will provide recognition of the effectiveness of any method and practices which may be employed in that regard.
Section 12 – Functions: supplementary
54.This section makes the standard provisions required to enable the RMA to operate as a public body. In particular the RMA is empowered to acquire and dispose of land, enter into contracts, charge for goods and services and, with the consent of the Scottish Ministers, invest and borrow money. In addition it provides a power for the Scottish Ministers to direct the RMA in relation to the discharge of its functions.
Section 13 – Accounts and annual reports
55.This section provides for the standard account keeping and reporting procedures for a public body including the preparation and submission to the Scottish Ministers of annual accounts and annual reports. The Scottish Ministers must publish the RMA's annual reports and lay a copy before the Scottish Parliament.


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Live news updates: SoftBank shares plunge after $10bn investment loss
It is not often that two heads of western powers celebrate a birthday in the same week. Even more rare that both are in their eighth decade. Should we celebrate that age is clearly now no barrier to such leadership jobs? King Charles III turns 74 on Monday, and will be honoured with a 41-gun salute and a rendition of "Happy Birthday" at Buckingham Palace's changing of the guard. But US president Joe Biden passes a more significant milestone, turning 80 on Sunday. He also has a more pressing week of international diplomacy and national politics to deal with before blowing out the candles on his cake.
First, there is the G20 summit in Bali, or what one FT colleague labelled the first global government gathering of the second cold war. Russian president Vladimir Putin is not attending, but China's Xi Jinping is expected to, so there will be pressure for Biden to speak with him.
At home, there is the small matter of Donald Trump's widely trailed "very big announcement" on Tuesday from his Mar-a-Lago estate in Florida.
This is also the week for the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit in Thailand, bringing together 21 countries in the region, the first such face-to-face gathering since 2018. Again the US, China and Russia are invited, and again Putin will not be there. French president Emmanuel Macron will be in attendance, however, as he has been invited to speak on global trade ties.
Fixing a hole
Across the Atlantic in the UK, where potential festive roasts are having a particularly miserable season, the most important diary date is chancellor Jeremy Hunt's financial statement on Thursday.
The country is in a "fiscal hole" (not my phrase, Hunt's) and the chancellor's plan is to find about half the required £55bn shortfall in public spending cuts, with measures including a delay on social care reforms, a freeze in income tax thresholds and a stealth raid on inheritance tax.
The FT's parliamentary and economics team will be on hand to translate the politicians' words and find the key points buried in the Treasury documents. Read this explainer to understand why the UK needs to act urgently. And if you think you can do a better job than the chancellor, knock yourself out with our "fill the black hole" interactive.
Sticking with UK politics, Nicola Sturgeon will on Monday complete eight years as leader of the Scottish National party. She got the job when her predecessor and mentor Alex Salmond resigned in the wake of the 2014 independence referendum. While Westminster is cutting central government spending, Holyrood is enacting its own austerity drive. Will Sturgeon's milestone spur an assessment of her record as first minister?
The UN climate change conference COP27 draws to a close on Friday, but on Sunday we have the start of something that will most likely grab world news as well as sports page headlines for the next month — the Fifa World Cup Qatar 2022. To say this is likely to be a contentious tournament would be something of an understatement — read our magazine reportage here. The FT will be on hand to provide comprehensive coverage.
Finally, we have more elections. Malaysia goes to the polls on Saturday. The Nepalese will vote for parliamentary and provincial government seats on Sunday and the FT's sister title Nikkei Asia has produced this handy guide to the key points. Kazakhstan's general election on Sunday is worthy of note because it represents the most significant constitutional change for the oil rich central Asian country since it declared independence from the former Soviet Union.
Carpenters work on new townhouses in Tampa, Florida © Octavio Jones/Reuters
There are some potentially important data releases next week from the US, namely producer price index inflation rate numbers, retail sales figures and further updates on the wobbling US housing market.
The UK's big economic event is the Autumn Statement, but before that, UK unemployment data will be updated on Tuesday. The British government has been focusing attention on their record here because it's one of the only good news stories for them. However, it's not that great.
The UK will be the only developed economy with employment still below pre-pandemic levels at the start of 2023, according to a new analysis. Another "winter of discontent" is also looming as a range of workers — nurses are the latest — demand pay rises in line with inflation.
Then on Wednesday comes more inflation data with concern that the consumer price index measure will remain in double digits. The week will end for the UK with an update on retail sales, although hopes are not high given gloomy predictions of the country entering recession.
The cost of living will also be a focus for the EU this week, with inflation data out on Thursday. There will also be a third-quarter gross domestic product estimate on Tuesday.
The words "Elon Musk is due to grab headlines again this week" could be written here any time of the year, but this week an outburst is in the diary. This time it is over his $56bn pay package at Tesla. A court in Delaware, where the electric vehicle maker is registered, will hear the complaint brought by a shareholder.
Vodafone, which reports interim results on Tuesday, has been under pressure to overhaul its operations. Shareholders will be looking at the amount the company has been able to cut debt after the announcement of the sale of a stake in its mast business Vantage last week.
Fashions change and so do senior management teams as British brand Burberry has discovered this year. Investors will be eager to see what newish chief executive Jonathan Akeroyd has come up with to boost growth when the company reports first-half figures on Thursday. Analysts expect he will focus on improving profit margins, which have historically lagged behind those of larger French and Italian rivals.
Read the full week ahead calendar here.


LINCOLN — The Land of 10,000 Lakes has produced a team that can break 10,000 Husker tackles.
Nebraska had its chances. Minnesota made the plays. The Gophers won 28-24 Saturday by overcoming a 14-point halftime deficit and scrapping out one extra yard at a time, often at the expense of some Husker defender being dragged along for an unsatisfying ride.
This was no Melvin Gordon-fueled meltdown at Wisconsin, but a subtle, consistent erosion of the Huskers' run defense. Even after Minnesota lost top running back David Cobb to an injury, it kept plowing along, especially with a zone read play in which quarterback Mitch Leidner repeatedly romped into open space against a Husker secondary that was only occasionally up for tackling him.
No argument from Husker coach Bo Pelini, who was definitely in the mood to critique the performance of a unit that gave up 281 rushing yards and 416 total yards. He called his defense's mixture of mental errors and tackling whiffs a "bad recipe." Pelini didn't stop there.
» Two Nebraska fumbles — both by wide receiver De'Mornay Pierson-El, one at the end of each half — recovered by the Gophers inside the Minnesota 15. The second occurred on Nebraska's final drive of the game after Pierson-El caught a pass from quarterback Tommy Armstrong that wasn't going to count because Pierson-El had stepped out of bounds before he caught it. But because he fumbled the ball away to Minnesota defensive back Briean Boddy-Calhoun at the Minnesota 2, the Gophers declined the penalty.
» A fourth-quarter NU play call that backfired so spectacularly, it left offensive coordinator Tim Beck momentarily speechless when asked about it after the game. NU led 24-21 and had second-and-1 at the Minnesota 41 when Beck dialed up a play-action deep pass from Armstrong.
Armstrong was swallowed up by pressure and sacked for a 7-yard loss.
Armstrong put it a different way. "We have to execute up front and we have to set up better," said the sophomore, who completed 12 of 19 passes for 223 yards, including an 18-yard touchdown pass to Pierson-El.
» Several key third down plays in the second half that Leidner was able to convert with his arm. The biggest was a 37-yard pass to wideout KJ Maye on Minnesota's winning touchdown drive.
» A total inability to defend Minnesota's zone read play.
The Gophers do not have a speedster of Gordon's ilk. They have big, punishing backs, and Leidner, a 6-foot-4, 237-pounder who'd be a tight end in many programs. At Minnesota he's a battering ram of a quarterback who ran for 111 yards and two touchdowns. The play on which he did most of his damage isn't terribly complex — Leidner would read Nebraska's defensive end and keep the ball if the end crashed toward the Gopher running back — but consistently flummoxed the Huskers.
Pelini, who has seen the play gut his defense before, was not pleased.
Gerry said Nebraska was well-prepared for Minnesota's scheme, but inconsistent in its execution against it.
Those leaky yards allowed Minnesota to possess the ball for 35:03. In an era of spread, hurry-up offenses, time of possession has dropped in its importance, but controlling the clock for that long does at least one useful thing: It puts pressure on the opponent's offense to convert during its possessions. The Huskers (8-3 overall and 4-3 in the Big Ten) didn't do that nearly enough.
Nebraska's offense scored 17 points. One touchdown was set up by a 73-yard improvisation pass play from Armstrong to Kenny Bell. Another touchdown was a 49-yard drive. One second-half drive — consisting of nine running plays — ended in a field goal. NU's other touchdown came on Gerry's 85-yard return of a Minnesota field goal blocked by Randy Gregory.
But the Huskers' final three drives — which started at their own 25, 14 and 25 — were fruitless. The last of them resulted in Pierson-El's second fumble with 1:19 left in the game.
Even then, with Minnesota (8-3 and 5-2) starting at its own 4 and heading into the wind, Nebraska had a chance to win with three timeouts left. The Huskers needed only to force a three-and-out. The 91,186 fans at Memorial Stadium stood and roared.
It took the Gophers two plays to gain those precious 10 yards. Donnell Kirkwood broke one tackle at the line of scrimmage, then bulled his way through senior cornerback Josh Mitchell for an 8-yard gain and a first down. Game over.
And so senior day for a small group of memorable Huskers went sour.
Bell left after that 73-yard catch with what appeared to be a head injury. Running back Ameer Abdullah had 98 rushing yards on 20 carries, but was in no mood to talk after the game, weaving through reporters with his headphones on, not answering or not hearing a reporter's request for an interview. He met his family at the beginning of a skywalk that connects NU's locker room to the Huskers' practice facility and walked with them.
Only one captain — left guard Jake Cotton — did talk, settling on a couch while reporters engulfed him. Cotton had knelt on the field after the game, trying to soak in a final moment at Memorial Stadium.
As bitter as it might have been.