Our 2016 family vacation is to a part of the country that none of us has ever visited – South Dakota. We drive in our rented mini van from Indianapolis through Illinois and Iowa and Minnesota into South Dakota with our first stop in Sioux Falls.
Falls Park in downtown Sioux Falls is really cool! I love waterfalls anyway and we enjoy walking around the park on a gorgeous morning. After lunch, we tour the Great Plains Zoo which is fun since it has been a while since the four of us went to a zoo together. The Blue Angels are in Sioux Falls for their Air Show and we see them flying in formation which is so amazing.
On our third day, we drive from Sioux Falls to Rapid City. We stop briefly in Mitchell at the Corn Palace despite some teenage grumbling. It's just so goofy that you have to stop! Our next stop, however, makes the drive worth while – The Badlands National Park. It is amazing how just the right set of natural factors can create something beautiful that is unique to this part of the world.
For our first full day in Rapid City, we visit Mount Rushmore on an absolutely gorgeous morning. Here is one photo and then Mount Rushmore will have its own blog post. We also have lunch in Hill City and visit the still in progress Crazy Horse memorial. All very scenic and very interesting.
The next day we visit Custer State Park. The drive is very scenic with more interesting views of Mount Rushmore. We drive the wildlife loop and see bison, burros, white tailed deer, and prairie dogs. Unfortunately we did not see as much scenery as might have been possible since we were caught in a rain storm complete with hail! After our late lunch, the skies return sunny and we hike part of the Centennial Trail for an hour. The park is so quiet and our hike is beautiful.
Our final day in South Dakota is mostly rainy in the morning. We visit Deadwood and find the old mining town not as quaint as expected. The weather cooperates in the late afternoon for us to gain another perspective on the Black Hills – the perspective of horseback as we enjoy a beautiful trail ride.
Since I usually blog about food, I will mention that we ate well on vacation, especially in Rapid City. Even someone who rarely eats beef can eat well out West. I enjoyed lots of salmon and some sea scallops. I liked the bison burger I ate at Custer State Park and it was less greasy than a hamburger. In Rapid City, I recommend Murphy's Pub, Boticelli's for pasta, Kol with its coal-fired oven and Delmonico's for French onion soup.
Now – what can you cross off of your bucket list?


text:
Drinking Liberally — Seattle
by Darryl — Tuesday, 1/26/16 , 5:54 am
Tim Eyman's hostage anti-tax measure was declared unconstitutional, Sarah Palin has re-emerged, and we're down to a week until the Iowa caucuses. This calls for a drink! Please join us tonight for an evening of politics and conversation over a pint at the Seattle Chapter of Drinking liberally.
We meet tonight and every Tuesday at the Roanoke Park Place Tavern, 2409 10th Ave E, Seattle. You'll find us in the small room at the back of the tavern. We start at 8:00pm.
Can't make it to Seattle tonight? Check out one of the other DL meetings happening this week. Tonight the Tri-Cities chapter also meets. On Wednesday, the Burien chapter meets. The Woodinville chapter meets on Thursday. And next Monday, the Yakima and South Bellevue chapters meet.
There are 186 chapters of Living Liberally, including eighteen in Washington state, three in Oregon and one in Idaho. Find—or go out and start—a chapter near you.
Tuesday, 1/26/16 at 7:48 am
Palin, like Puffybutt, is a 1-trick pony. Her specialty is delivering snarky insults in a patronizing tone. It stirs up the hicks, but isn't a program for the country's future.
I believe Puffybutt must be a mechanical windup troll because it keeps making the same noises and squeaks like it hasn't been oiled for a long time.
Tuesday, 1/26/16 at 11:19 am
Rent Relief Coming For Seattle Renters
Zillow now projects slower rent increases in the Seattle market by the end of this year, although rents will continue to rise here.
http://www.cnbc.com/2016/01/26.....-here.html
Guns Make You Safer Dep't
A dispute over a $25 gun repair bill led to a shootout that left the gun store owner and his teenage son dead, and the customer and his teenage son hospitalized.
http://www.picayuneitem.com/20.....-shootout/
Roger Rabbit Commentary: When they said, "An armed society is a polite society," what they meant was residents of cemeteries don't argue with each other.
This story comes from Kentucky, the same state that gave us the divine Ms. Davis: The southern morality police are at it again.
http://www.wbko.com/content/ne.....01631.html
Remember how Ted Cruz complained his family lost health coverage because of Obamacare? HE LIED.
"In a reversal from claims made on the campaign trail, Ted Cruz's presidential campaign is now saying the senator and his family do have health insurance and never lost coverage."
http://talkingpointsmemo.com/l.....-questions
Roger Rabbit Commentary: No one should be surprised by this. Cruz is a Republican, and Republicans are serial liars; they lie so much they can't tell the difference between truth and falsehood. If something comes from the lips of a Republican, they automatically believe it, and the rest of the world automatically disbelieves it, because Republicans are prone to believe lies and everything any Republican says is likely to be a lie. So, it's no surprise at all that Ted Cruz lied about not having health coverage.
Teabagged Again spews:
@1 It is probably the same way she raised her family….that's why they are all winners.
@1 Puffybutt a windup troll……..have you ever seen that windup ape doll with drums, that must be him.
http://www.amazon.com/Toysmith.....+up+monkey
Ammon Bundy claims the FBI exists to investigate federal bureaucracies, not criminals like him.
http://www.dailykos.com/storie.....ail=email2
His group also claims they have a right to kill law enforcement officers.
http://www.dailykos.com/story/.....ail=email2
@5 it would be real news if there was ever a time where Ted Crud didn't lie.
Tuesday, 1/26/16 at 12:06 pm
I could swear Chuck Todd, on the Today Show this a.m., made some offhand reference to "the national security mess we're in" in regards to Democrats and naturally was not made to explain himself. It really pisses me off the way this guy interjects some asshole opinion off the cuff and he's never made to explain. It has a propaganda feel to it. Because I can see no national security mess with regard to Democrats, is it me who's missing something? Am I that naïve?
Distant Replay spews:
I think I may have a solution to the Cowpussy standoff in Burns.
Militia Olympics!
Years ago while a good friend was in grad school in Montana we'd spend a week every summer hiking in the Bob Marshall. I used to kid him that our Washington militia groups were more bad-assed than his Montana groups. We were getting into that debate one day when it hit us that it might make for some brilliant reality tv.
The Camo-faques would get the attention they crave, the conflict they live for, and we'd have 'em all in one place, safely out of trouble for once. And now it seems to me that this might be just the ticket for economic recovery in Harney Co.
Eventually you could have spin-off potential with Real Militia Wives, Militia Cribs, Militia Makeover, Militia Iron Chef, etc.
Maybe we could even work the dildos and butt plugs into the show somehow. (pun most definitely intended – sorry)
@10 He might have a point. If this administration won't deal with a gang of punks in Oregon, how can it be expected to deal with ISIS?
@11 Why not? They have a family of singing kids down there to support the militias, so the musical accompaniment is already in place.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWd62AQudzw
I also recommend this video, for several reasons, but what I'd like to call your attention to is the argument between a counter-protester and a local rancher over paying taxes.
The counterprotester, who is from Idaho, argues the wildlife refuge is federal land and she pays federal taxes to support it.
The rancher claims the wildlife refuge is county land and he supports it by paying "allotments."
Let me clarify what "allotments" are: They're the below-market, taxpayer-subsidized grazing fees that western ranchers pay for grazing their livestock on public land (mostly administered by the BLM). Strictly speaking, "allotment" refers to the land he leases from the government, but he's using the term to describe the fees he pays for use of the public land allotted to his ranching operation. An allotment payment is NOT a tax, it's rent. This illustrates (a) how illogical these people are, and (b) how they distort reality. Like wingnuts everywhere, they believe whatever serves their self-interest, and facts be damned.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4W48Ki2OMpI
Willy Vomit spews:
Senator Pam "Pammy The roach" Roach gets another formal reprimand from Lt. Gov. Brad Owen for her behavior in Legislative session.
That woman is a nutcase. Basically, the only real reason she keeps getting re-elected is because she can shoot a gun. That and the fact that her NRA/Christian/Bookburner/NeoNazi loyalties supersede that of even the State and Federal Constitutions, and those folks are her primary constituency. I'm almost surprised we haven't heard about her being caught up in a menage'-au-troi with Ryan Bundy and his horse.
She has absolutely no redeeming qualities whatsoever.
Tuesday, 1/26/16 at 1:05 pm
@14 Basically, what their idiotic belief system leads to is this: The federal land in the county where they reside belongs to them, not the government, because they say it does. Therefore, it follows that the government is charging them fees to graze their cattle on their own land. Hence, an acute feeling of grievance.
@15 Yes, but she is elected by "the people," and that can take you a long way. Btw, one of her GOP compatriots in the lower chamber is down in Oregon lending moral support to the armed land grabbers.
I don't know how much good it does anymore to call Republicans crazy, nutcases, off the charts, etc. They are all of those things, of course, but they ought to be called what they are — totalitarians — because what's really going on here is they're repudiating the entire notion of democracy and majority rule. Their basic position is they get their way even if they're in the minority, because they say so, and you have no right to say differently. They are revolutionaries seeking to overthrow our system of government and should be treated as such.
HA's mattress investor missed out on a 282-point DJIA gain today. I hate to tell him this, but I pocketed about $7300 this morning while he slept on his money.
@ 17 RR
The Y'all Kaeda just keeps racking up the Felonies. I'm willing to bet that the FBI and whoever else might be involved in watching these guys are just making hashmarks on a board at this point. "one more for you, and one for you, and oh, shit-oh-dear, THREE for you. Tsk tsk."
Yeah, you keep at keepin' at it boys.
I have another theory about these guys. They have internet, Cable/Satellite television, CB radios and cell phones and such, so they have to know that they're all going to be going to prison for the shit they've been doing, probably quite a few of them for the rest of their lives. They have to know they've absolutely fucked themselves. That's why they want to die for the cause. Because their cause is nothing different from the old Bryan Butler/Robert Mathews crowd, and the methods of such individuals are always the same. They have committed real, serious crimes, and they won't be taken alive. They have publicly sworn to this.
There will be bloodshed in this thing before it ends, and these yokels won't be the first people to get hurt. They're going to get bored, sure. But for psychopaths, boredom means they have to start something themselves if things are progressing too slowly for their satisfaction.
Wingnuts have finally figured out who is to blame for Flint's poisoned water – retired union thugs.
"Down the corporatist rabbit hole: ALEC blames #FlintWaterCrisis on retired city workers (aka union thugs)"
http://www.eclectablog.com/201.....thugs.html
@19 The Daily Kos article from which I extracted those videos warned potential counter-protesters to stay away from Burns because these yokels are dangerous. In one of the videos, you can hear one of them yelling at a counter-protester to "get your hands out of your pockets!" like he was a cop. These fuckers are on a hair-trigger, and sooner or later, someone is going to get shot.
Cleveland has fired the 6 cops involved in one of the more notorious recent police killings of black people.
http://www.cbsnews.com/news/6-.....t-barrage/
The Republican way. Republicanism.
Fuck you. Fuck your Mother. Fuck everyone but me.
http://i1173.photobucket.com/a.....2ki8f3.jpg
When he was in high school, Ted Crud had two ambitions: "Be in a teen tit film," and "take over the world."
http://www.cbsnews.com/news/te.....omination/
Another Responsible Gun Owner (TM; Pat. Pend.)
"A North Carolina man accused of shooting and killing a good Samaritan who tried to help him during the blizzard on Jan. 22, has been charged with four additional counts of attempted murder" because he also shot at several bystanders.
http://www.cbsnews.com/news/ne.....arvin-lee/
Roger Rabbit Commentary: Guns keep us safe. An armed society is a polite society. Blah. Blah. Blah.
The best reason yet to not vote for Donald Trump: America's most racist sheriff has endorsed him.
http://www.cbsnews.com/news/az.....president/
@23 Yes, Republicans are repulsive backstabbing scumbag grifters, and that's why Hillary would beat any of them despite Whitewater, Bill's scandals, Benghazi, emails, or anything else. Puffy is so obsessed with Hillary's alleged shortcomings he doesn't fathom how bad the GOP alternatives are. Hillary could torture puppies and still win. That's how bad the Republicans are.
@17,
you can be absolutely sure that these people also believe the purpose of the 2nd Amendment is to ensure the ability of well armed minorities to resist the lawful majority. Their "freedom" is our enslavement.
@28 "Their 'freedom' is our enslavement."
Not if we refuse to take their shit.
I wonder if it bothers that troll that The Family Research Council black balled Carson in favor of Ted "Teen Tit Film" Cruz?
Hardly seems fair. I mean, one thing you gotta give Carson is that he's not fakin' the bible delusion stuff. He really means it. And at the time the FRC dumped him, Carson was waay out ahead in the polls. He even sneaked ahead of Trump for a couple of weeks. So it's weird that they'd round file Carson in favor of a guy who is obviously fakin' the faith just to get ahead.
I wonder what it was about Carson that disqualified him for the job?
Apparently the Bundy followers believe something like this: Federal land is theirs because they pay grazing fees to use it. Or because they "live there." Land they never bought or paid for in the conventional sense. Theirs for the taking. Free, because they want it and are willing to poke guns in other people's faces to get it. This is how things were in the Old West: If you wanted a water hole or a grazing range you took it by killing the guy who previously had it. So, tradition.
@30 "I wonder what it was about Carson that disqualified him for the job?"
Isn't it obvious? Wrong skin color.
ArtFart spews:
@15 "her NRA/Christian/Bookburner/NeoNazi loyalties"
If that's supposed to enumerate Pam's support base, don't leave out the horse fuckers.
nah. That couldn't be it. Not a racist bone in their bodies. At least that's what they say. And who ya gonna believe? Them? Or your lyin' eyes?
"live there" would be it.
And that's ironic, since none of these "Real Americans" lives in the county. Worse still, the ranchers of Harney County wish like fuck these camo-clowns would go home since they are un-doing years of work between the State, the County, the BLM, the Ranchers, and the FWS. The law makes no exceptions for dumbassery. Whatever misuse and damage these preening camera whores inflict on the habitat will have to be repaired. And doing so will inevitably come at some cost to the ranchers who depend on that range for grazing.
@ 30 DR
He was a little too "ethnic" for the TeaBagger set.
"ethnic" like "exotic"?
Did he ever vacation in Hawaii? That would explain much.
Puddybud, the HA DUMMOCRETIN disinfectant! spews:
Dunceman,
F UpChuck Todd is a DUMMOCRETIN waking up to the feckless foreign policies of Barack Obummer!
R senile @18,
Puddy's money is in an American bank at this time not on a mattress. Puddy has said this three times R senile. This is why you are senile!
You won't say that you lost almost $7000 yesterday and $10s of thousands since Jan 1, 2016 while Puddy made money in the bank!
R senile held Cuyahoga County in high regard in yesteryear on HA DUMMOCRETINS! Cleveland. Political party – DUMMOCRETIN!
President Teen Tit Film.
Makes you proud to be American.
Yes we see Obummer's feckless illegal alien policy is working so well too… http://bigstory.ap.org/article.....labor-case
No comment from illegal alien champeen DUMMOCRETIN Congressman Luis Gutierrez!
When you are a DUMMOCRETIN only a slap on the wrist immediately happens! http://bigstory.ap.org/article.....sor-ousted
I see that the batshit insane loon is here to spew more hate.
FRC is backing Ted Cruz?
Perkins said it was only his personal endorsement not FRC. Butt even so the FRC was leaning toward Cruz for a long time over everyone else. DUMMOCRETINS are stooooopid is as stooooooooooopid does. http://www.breitbart.com/big-g.....ack-rubio/
Pudddy sees TPPS' @44 head exploded again.
Can you say KABLAMMO?
KAAAAAAAAAAAAAABLAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMOOOOOOOOOOOOO!
Now wait for it…
More TPPS @ 44 deflection coming real soon!
The president of Cleveland's largest police union, Steve Loomis, vowed to fight the discipline and said grievances appealing the firings were filed with the city Tuesday.
Amazingly the UNION is jock strapping this DUMMOCRETIN led police activity!
Why is Bernie Sanders against reparations? To quote some insignificant black activist… 'a failure to embrace reparations is tantamount to failing "in the ancient fight against white supremacy."'
Apparently #blacklivesdontmatter to Bernie! He won't be getting the DUMMOCRETIN black vote!
People are equating #blacklivesmatter to MLK, Jr. MLK III dusagreed. http://campusreform.org/?ID=7187
K2 spews:
Action in Oregon. Two Bundy's arrested
Everyone: Please do not wind up the mechanical troll. Some toys are better left in the toy chest.
@50 YAY!!! For the arrests. One of the bad guys was killed. I'm not celebrating that.
I think a bunch of BLM people should take over some public bldg or park. And then let's see what the white conservatives think.
Dade County Correctional… DUMMOCRETIN led… http://thefreethoughtproject.c.....ccidental/
he'd been left in the hot steam for so long that his skin had shriveled from his body, a condition referred to as slippage.
DUMMOCRETIN opportunity has no associates, just thought leaders who think of unusual punishments! DUMMOCRETIN law enforcement are SCUM!
R senile upset because Puddy is reminding everyone about R senile's love of Cuyahoga County and Cleveland… land of DUMMOCRETINS. That's why R senile loved Cleveland years ago and still does today!
Why is it police in libtard blue states think they can act with impunity? http://thefreethoughtproject.c.....pen-carry/
czechsaaz spews:
It appears to have ended mostly with a whimper. One of those ready to die for the cause did and seven others will likely spend a very long time in prison.
Anyone want to go bird watching?
Reports are coming out that the FBI is letting anyone still at Malheur know they are free to go NOW but will be subject to arrest if they stay which seems overly generous.
http://katu.com/news/local/lea.....s-arrested
http://bigstory.ap.org/article.....ff-us-site
1 terrorist dead. Leaders frog marched to jail. All LEOs safe. The public gets its land back. More arrests will follow.
Republicans wrong again.
Well handled. Let them have their "revolution" for a while and look like crazy fools don't go all Branch Davidian and let them become a cause célèbre, arrest them after its clear they are damaging a public facility and antiquities.
Thanks President Obama. President Cruz would be signing pardons and offering them the land and a mule.
Also arrested is the "shoot Clinton in the vagina" fake radio guy.
The terrorist who was killed is the guy who ran the foster care ranch.
That troll is sad again.
2016 not it's year.
Hillary likes the idea of appointing Obama to the Supreme Court.
http://abcnews.go.com/Politics.....d=36534796
Wednesday, 1/27/16 at 3:42 am
@63 not that it would bother me, but I prefer to think of Obama as the best President, and smartest, of my time. Let him live his life in peace now. No need to be a Supreme Court Justice. He would have to see John Roberts and Scalia every day, they do t deserve his company.
The Republican Base will find themselves having to reposition themselves, in what to them will feel like a very uncomfortable chair, once Trump is President, if he does become President.
Boy they are going to be confused so much. Maybe they'll even start to write out checks to the DNC.
What a dilemma. Compromise on their principles or become ruled by a Nazi dictator, foreign born, like Ted Crud.
How is this possible? I thought the Earth is only 6000 years old?
Stadium Renovation Uncovers Woolly Mammoth Remains http://www.huffingtonpost.com/.....86170.html
And a guy at work the other day was trying to put time in perspective and told me that the Earth is billions of years old. WTF!?
This guy sounds like a socialist.
Kindhearted Handyman Fixes Military Wife's Furnace For Free http://pubx.co/qsdsI9
And some people expect clean water? Come on, what's the world coming to?
@64 Well, of course, that would be up to him; but if he wants the job, I like the idea. Especially if he's Thomas' or Scalia's replacement.
@66 To put things in perspective, there's never been a species that didn't go extinct, the Earth will still be here for billions of years after you stupid humans vanish, and even plastic and plutonium don't last that long, so the Earth will recover someday.
"Cuyahoga County and Cleveland… land of DUMMOCRETINS."
No, the land of Americans who the batshit crazy loon hates.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Marcus Rashford signs new Manchester United contract
Man Utd striker Marcus Rashford has signed a new contract to commit his future to Old Trafford.
Tyrone Marshall
Marcus Rashford has signed a new four-year contract at Manchester United
Marcus Rashford has signed a new four-year deal at Manchester United, with the option for a further season.
The 21-year-old, whose existing deal was due to expire next season, has penned a contract until the summer of 2023, worth around £200,000 per week, to end speculation over his future
Academy graduate Rashford has been at United since he was seven, making 170 appearances for the club. Ole Gunnar Solskjaer has earmarked the Wythenshawe-born striker to lead the line next season, having impressed in the early months of the Norwegian's reign.
Rashford believes Solskjaer and his staff have already had an impact on his game and he is determined to repay them by taking the club back to "where it belongs".
"Manchester United has been everything in my life since I arrived here at the age of seven. This club has shaped me, both as a player and as a person, so it is such a privilege every time I get the opportunity to wear the shirt," he told the United website.
Latest Man Utd news
Pictures: United arrive in Australia for tour
News: How United will spend opening days of tour
Opinion: Tour announcement exposes squad problems
Live news: Transfer news LIVE
Opinion: Five Pogba replacements United must consider
Fans: Supporters have Pogba theory as players land in Oz
"I want to thank Ole and his staff for everything they have done for me; they are the perfect group of coaches to learn from as I continue my development and look to push on to the next level.
"I will be giving everything I have to help get this club back to where it belongs and deliver the success that our fans deserve."
United have already lost Ander Herrera on a free transfer this summer, while David de Gea and Paul Pogba are both considering their own futures.
But Solskjaer is pleased to get Rashford's future committed to the club, hailing his desire to play for United.
"Marcus is one of the most talented English players of his generation. He is an outstanding player; blessed with natural pace and energy," said Solskjaer.
"Marcus is a shining example of the talent that our academy produces and his upbringing means that he truly understands what it means to play for Manchester United.
"Despite being only 21 years old, Marcus already has great experience. He has a fantastic future ahead of him with the club and I am delighted that he has signed a new contract."
Why some Manchester United players haven't returned to pre-season training today
The Manchester United players out to prove a point to Ole Gunnar Solskjaer on training return
Follow @MENSports


text:
Home > Vol 7, No 1 (2021) > Cohen
The Implementation of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in Canada: Between Utopia and Reality
Miriam Cohen, Martin-Olivier Dagenais
Canada has been at the forefront of the recognition of human rights, including economic, social and cultural rights (ESC rights) in the international scene. As a party to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights,1 Canada has, over the years, implemented in legislation and case-law some ESC rights such as the right to health, education and social welfare.While ESC rights were not explicitly identified in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms,2 which forms part of the Canadian Constitution, ESC rights in different forms have received some protection in the Canadian legal order. An analysis of the Canadian record with respect to ESC rights demonstrates the immense gap between a glorified image of Canada as an international human rights proponent (the 'utopia') and the actual implementation of internationally recognized human rights in Canada (the 'reality'). As Canada is bound to face major transformational changes to its economy and social fabric in the years to come, the Courts will have to adapt quickly and efficiently to ensure a smooth transition. This paper overviews the evolution of the case-law on ESC rights in Canada in light of its international obligations, and suggests, the relevant ESC rights jurisprudence signals a disconnect with Canada's international obligation 'requiring progressive implementation to the maximum of available resources by all appropriate means.'
Canada; Charter of Rights and Freedoms; Comparative Constitutional Law; ESC Rights; International Human Rights
Act to Combat Poverty and Social Exclusion, CQLR c L-7 (2002).
Alston, Philip and Ryan Goodman. International Human Rights, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.
Arbour, Louise. "Freedom from Want, From Charity to Entitlement." (LaFontaine- Baldwin Lecture, Quebec City, 2005).
Auton (Guardian ad litem of) v. British Columbia (Attorney General), 3 SCR 657 (2004).
Baker v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), 2 SCR 817 (1999).
Brun, Henri, Guy Tremblay, and Eugénie Brouillet. Droit Constitutionnel [Constitutional Rights] 6th edition (Cowansville: Editions Yvon Blais, 2008).
Canada (Attorney General) v. PHS Community Services Society, SCC 44 (2011).
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Part I of the Constitution Act, (1982), being Schedule B to the Canada Act of 1982 (UK), (1982), c. 11.
Canadian Doctors for Refugee Care v. Canada (Attorney General), FC 651, (2014). Carter v. Canada (Attorney General), 1 SCR 331 (2015).
Chaoulli v. Quebec (Attorney General), SCC 35 (2005).
Chaoulli v. Quebec (Attorney General), 1 SCR 791 (2005).
Constitution Act, (1982), sec. 35, being Schedule B to the Canada Act 1982 (UK), (1982), c. 11, sec. 52.
Currie, John H. et al. International Law: Doctrine, Practice and Theory, 2nd ed., Toronto: Irwin Law, 2014.
Dartmouth/Halifax County Regional Housing Authority v. Carvery, NSJ No 96 (NCSA), (1993).
Eldridge v. British Columbia (Attorney General), 3 SCR 624 (1997).
Falkiner v. Ontario (Ministry of Community and Social Services), OJ No 1771 (ONCA), (2002).
Gosselin v. Quebec (Attorney General), SCC 84 (2002).
Gosselin v. Québec (Procureur général [Attorney General]), R.J.Q. 1647 (C.S. Que.) (1992).
Hirschl, Ran. Towards Juristocracy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004.
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International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Dec. 19 ,1966, 999 UNTS 171 (entered into force March 1976, accession by Canada May 19, 1976).
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Irwin Toy Ltd v. Québec (Attorney General), 1 SCR 927 (1989).
Jackman, Martha and Bruce Porter. Advancing Social Rights in Canada, Introduction. Toronto: Irwin Law, 2014.
Jackman, Martha. "One Step Forward and Two Steps Back Poverty, the Charter and the Legacy of Gosselin." NJCL 39, no. 85 (2019).
Jackman, Martha. "Poor Rights: Using the Charter to Support Social Welfare Claims." Queens Law Journal 19, no. 65 (1993).
Jackman, Martha. "The Protection of Welfare Rights Under the Charter", Ottawa Law Review 20 (1988).
Jackman, Martha and Bruce Porter. "International Human Rights and Strategies to Address Homelessness and Poverty in Canada: Making the Connection." Working paper, Faculty of Law and Legal Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, 2013.
Jackman, Martha and Bruce Porter. "Socio-Economic Rights Under the Canadian Charter." In Social Rights Jurisprudence: Emerging Trends in International and Comparative Law, edited by Malcolm Langford. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
Jackman, Martha and Bruce Porter. "Social and Economic Rights." In The Oxford Handbook of the Canadian Constitution, edited by Oliver, Peter, Macklem, Patrick and Des Rosiers, Nathalie. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
Kwadrans, Ania. "Socioeconomic Rights Adjudication in Canada: Can the Minimum Core Help in Adjudicating the Rights to Life and Security of the Person under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms?" Journal of Law and Social Policy 25 (2016): 83.
Lamarche, Lucie "The 'Made in Québec' Act to Combat Poverty and Social Exclusion The Complex Relationship between Poverty and Human Rights." In Poverty: Rights, Social Citizenship, and Legal Activism, edited by Young, Margot, Boyd, Susan B., Brodsky, Gwen and Day, Shelagh. Vancouver: UBC Press, 2007.
Langford, Malcolm. "The Justiciability of Social Rights: From Practice to Theory." In Social Right Jurisprudence: Emerging Trends in International and Comparative Law, edited by Malcolm Langford. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
O'Connell, Paul. "The Death of Socio-Economic Rights." Modern Law Review 74, no. 4 (July 2011).
Philipps, Lisa. "Taxing the Market Citizen: Fiscal Policy and Inequality in an Age of Privatization." Law and Contemporary Problems 63 (2000).
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R v. Smith, 2 SCR 602 (2015).
Regulation Respecting Social Aid, R.R.Q., c. A-16, r. 1, s 29 a).
Schabas, William A. and Stéphane Beaulac. International Human Rights Law: Legal Commitment, Implementation and the Charter, 3rd ed. Toronto: Thomson Carswell, 2007.
Schachter v. Canada, 2 SCR 679 (1992).
Schneiderman, David. Constitutionalizing Economic Globalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
Scott, Craig and Patrick Macklem. "Constitutional Ropes of Sand or Justiciable Guarantees? Social Rights in a New South African Constitution." University of Pennsylvania Law Review 141, no. 1 (1992).
Scott, Francis R. "Expanding Concepts of Human Rights." In Essays on the Constitution. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1977.
Strong Communities through Affordable Housing Act, SO C-6 (2011).
Sunstein, Cass R. "Social and Economic Rights? Lessons from South Africa." Constitutional Forum 123, (2001).
Tanudjaja v. Canada (Attorney General), ONSC 5410 (2013).
Tanudjaja v. Canada (Attorney General), ONCA 852 (2014).
Toussaint v. Canada, FC 810 (2010).
UN Doc. E/CN.4/1998/84/Add.
Young, Katharine. Constituting Economic and Social Rights: The Path to Transformation, Abstract. London: Oxford University Press, 2012. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2419986.
Young, Katharine. The Future of Economic and Social Rights. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019.
Young, Margot. "Charter Eviction: Litigating Out of House and Home." Journal of Law and Social Policy 24, no. 46. (2015).


text:
Q: Set session cookies in play framework testing using selenium hd I am trying to do some unit testing using selenium hd. I currently have the following code:
    browser.goTo("http://localhost:3333/")
    browser.$("#email").text("michele@sample.com")
    browser.$("#password").text("secret")
    browser.$("#loginbutton").click()
    browser.goTo("http://localhost:3333/michele")

But I would like to be to be able to set a session cookie instead of having to do this for every test.
I tried to do something like this
    browser.webDriver.manage().addCookie( new Cookie("PLAY_SESSION",
      "1dd6811c9df64e03a892f55f57dd0f1190656d88-email%3Amichele%40sample.com") )

but doesnt work out, as I get a null pointer exception when I try to retrieve the cookie using
        browser.getCookie("PLAY_SESSION").getValue() must contain("michele@sample.com")
Any help is greatly appreciated!!

A: Since michele@sample.com is converted into michele%40sample.com hence  try using
michele%40sample.com  instead of michele@sample.com
browser.getCookie("PLAY_SESSION").getValue() must contain("michele%40sample.com")

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


1990-93 Mazda B2000-B2200-B2600 faceplate(s) for your next car audio / stereo install!
1990-93 Mazda B2000-B2200-B2600 Installation Kit & Accessories for your next car audio / stereo install! Do your next car audio installation yourself!


text:
A Quick Example
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Here is a quick example of what it looks like. I am writing this in my
notebook file by the way (using a Mardown cell).

Here is some code + output:

.. code:: python

    # have to comment out the magic IPython functions because of a bug
    #%pylab inline
    import numpy as np
    import pandas as pd
.. code:: python

    print np.random.randn(20)

.. parsed-literal::
    :class: pynb-result

    [-0.81256785 -1.16630768  0.27555802  0.57729188 -0.64691411  0.62288591
      0.27943851  0.10512695  0.23808598 -1.45293996 -0.24394825 -0.14631097
      1.56377514 -0.87629984  1.64059433 -0.10259616  0.84435183  0.11718899
     -0.66617413 -0.81800771]

.. code:: python

    pd.Series(np.random.randn(100)).plot()

.. parsed-literal::
    :class: pynb-result

    <matplotlib.axes.AxesSubplot at 0x7f28246381d0>

.. image:: _static/intro_3_1.png
    :class: pynb

Raw NBConvert Cells
-------------------

In addition to markdown cells, you may also use **Raw NBConvert** cells. This allows you to input reST directly in your notebook. It won't look as pretty in the notebook itself, but will work great for your docs. Special reST and Sphinx markup will work within a Raw NBConvert (link, code markup, etc.).

By the way, :func:`convert_notebooks <klink.__init__.convert_notebooks>` basically calls::

    ipython nbconvert --to rst

on all the notebooks it finds. It also handles special cases and adds special css classes for display formatting purposes. If you plan on using IPython Notebook integration, you will need an up-to-date version of `pandoc <http://johnmacfarlane.net/pandoc/>`_ for this to work properly.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Occult Science is Rudolf Steiner's term for the ancient Way of Initiation, and in this book he shows that an objective description of the spiritual experience, (one quite as balanced as the findings of external science), is both possible and attainable. Material scientists pour scorn on the idea of other spiritual worlds, but it is unreasonable to expect that instruments of gross matter will ever detect the highly attenuated spiritual dimensions. Occult scientists consider the human body is the best, perhaps the only, instrument capable to reaching these dimensions.
At the present time the words "occult science" are apt to arouse the most varied feelings. Upon some people they work like a magic charm, like the announcement of something to which they feel attracted by the innermost powers of their soul; to others there is in the words something repellent, calling forth contempt, derision, or a compassionate smile. By many, occult science is looked upon as a lofty goal of human effort, the crown of all other knowledge and cognition; others, who are devoting themselves with the greatest earnestness and noble love of truth to that which appears to them true science, deem occult science mere idle dreaming and fantasy, in the same category with what is called superstition. To some, occult science is like a light without which life would be valueless; to others, it represents a spiritual danger, calculated to lead astray immature minds and weak souls, while between these two extremes is to be found every possible intermediate shade of opinion.
Strange feelings are awakened in one who has attained a certain impartiality of judgment in regard to occult science, its adherents and its opponents, when one sees how people, undoubtedly possessed of a genuine feeling for freedom in many matters, become intolerant when they meet with this particular line of thought. And an unprejudiced observer will scarcely fail in this case to admit that what attracts many adherents of occult science—or occultism—is nothing but the fatal craving for what is unknown and mysterious, or even vague. And he will also be ready to own that there is much cogency in the reasons put forward against what is fantastic and visionary by serious opponents of the cause in question. In fact, one who studies occult science will do well not to lose sight of the fact that the impulse toward the mysterious leads many people on a vain chase after worthless and dangerous will-o'-the-wisps.
Even though the occult scientist keeps a watchful eye on all errors and vagaries on the part of adherents of his views, and on all justifiable antagonism, yet there are reasons which hold him back from the immediate defence of his own efforts and aspirations. These reasons will become apparent to any one entering more deeply into occult science. It would therefore be superfluous to discuss them here. If they were cited before the threshold of this science had been crossed, they would not suffice to convince one who, held back by irresistible repugnance, refuses to cross that threshold. But to one who effects an entry, the reasons will soon manifest themselves, with unmistakable clearness from within. This much, however, implies that the reasons in question point to a certain attitude as the only right one for an occult scientist. He avoids, as much as he possibly can, any kind of outer defence or conflict, and lets the cause speak for itself. He simply puts forward occult science; and in what it has to say about various matters, he shows how his knowledge is related to other departments of life and science, what antagonism it may encounter, and in what way reality stands witness to the truth of his cognitions. He knows that an attempted vindication would,—not merely on account of current defective thinking but by virtue of a certain inner necessity,—lead into the domain of artful persuasion; and he desires nothing else than to let occult science work its own way quite independently.
The first point in occult science is by no means the advancing of assertions or opinions which are to be proven, but the communication, in a purely narrative form, of experiences which are to be met with in a world other than the one that is to be seen with physical eyes and touched with physical hands. And further, it is an important point that through this science the methods are described by which man may verify for himself the truth of such communications. For one who makes a serious study of genuine occult science will soon find that thereby much becomes changed in the conceptions and ideas which are formed—and rightly formed—in other spheres of life. A wholly new conception necessarily arises also about what has hitherto been called a "proof."We come to see that in certain domains such a word loses its usual meaning, and that there are other grounds for insight and understanding than "proofs" of this kind.
All occult science is born from two thoughts, which may take root in any human being. To the occult scientist these thoughts express facts which may be experienced if the right methods for the purpose are used. But to many people these same thoughts represent highly disputable assertions, which may arouse fierce contention, even if they are not regarded as something which may be "proven" impossible.
These two thoughts are, first, that behind the visible world there is another, the world invisible, which is hidden from the senses and also from thought that is fettered by these senses; and secondly, that it is possible for man to penetrate into that unseen world by developing certain faculties dormant within him.
Some will say that there is no such hidden world. The world perceived by man through his senses is the only one. Its enigmas can be solved out of itself. Even if man is still very far from being able to answer all the questions of existence, the time will certainly come when sense-experience and the science based upon it will be able to give the answers to all such questions.


text:
Associate Professor of Astronomy
http://astro.swarthmore.edu/~cohen/
Professor Cohen has particular expertise in X-ray spectroscopy and modeling of hot stars and laboratory plasmas, radiation-driven stellar winds, and stellar X-ray emission. He offers courses in modern astrophysics, stellar astrophysics, and the interstellar medium.
Cohen led a team of astronomers and student researchers at Swarthmore College that discovered a new star, a previously unknown binary companion to the bright star beta Crucis, in the Southern Cross. Their discovery was announced in January 2007 at the American Astronomical Society meeting in Seattle. The companion star was discovered accidentally while the research team was using the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory to study the x-rays emitted by beta Crucis itself.
In 2012, Cohen and Associate Professor of Astronomy Eric Jensen contributed to the discovery of two planets dubbed KELT-1b and KELT-2Ab using the campus' observatory.
Professor Cohen received his B.A. from Harvard University and his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin.


Hello and welcome to Travelling Trader. My name is Becca and this is my travelling shop. I have wanted to start this shop for over a year now. I have a passion for finding beautiful unique cloth, clothing and jewellery from different parts of the world and I would like to share my passion and finds with all of you.
The crafters are usually women and men from ethnic tribes. All their cloth, clothing and jewellery are handmade. This shop is a space where they can sell their craft for a fair price. Every week I will share a story about one of the craftswomen or men so you can find out more about the makers of each product. Every piece of clothing, cloth or jewellery you purchase is completely unique and comes with a story.
Why buy from travelling trader?
We are in Sapa at the moment and I have already found some beautiful jackets, jewellery and cloth. We are then heading off to Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai where I will be sourcing beautiful Indigo Dyed cloth and clothing. We have not decided where we will be heading after Chiang Mai but Myanmar and Laos are in the mix and we will let you know soon enough.
This is a travelling shop. I will be travelling to different countries and places sourcing beautiful product. When I am in a particular place I will be putting my finds on the shop and selling them for the amount of time I am there. This means that you can only buy these unique products while I am in the area that they come from. I will usually be in an area for a minimum of 3 weeks and a maximum of 2 months before I move on to the next place. You will have to order a product in the time I will be in the area.Once you order your unique find I will personally send it to you. It will take around 2-4 weeks to arrive at your door!


Now in our 8th year, we are delighted to be hosting two upcoming events with very different underlying themes. NOAH London (10-11 Nov 2016) is focused on connecting capital with great companies and helping service providers to find relevant customers. NOAH Berlin (22-23 Jun 2017) presents a unique discussion platform for CEOs and founders from established champions and disruptive challengers across a number of key industry verticals.


Our two families (2 adults and 3 children each) stayed at Villa LeGa in October 2015. We needed a villa close to The W Hotel and it was only a 5-minute walk to The W along the beach. The Villa itself is beautiful and the rooms are very spacious (with individual bathrooms, aircon and mosquito nets). The kids spent many hours in the pool (which is not fenced) and were keen to play on the beach but unfortunately it was quite dirty and only suitable for surfers. The Villa staff were very friendly and attentive but didn't intrude on our privacy. They cooked our meals and helped with massage and dinner reservations. I would certainly recommend Villa LeGa for groups of friends or large families.
Villa Lega is located near the beach at Batubelig, close to Petitenget and Seminyak on Bali's south-western coast. This is the most visited part of the island for both tourism and business purposes. The residence is tucked away down a quiet sandy lane. The gates open to the sweeping beach, renowned for its panoramic views and world-class surf breaks. The sunsets are legendary and a delight to watch from the villa's upper terrace.
Villa Lega is a contemporary beachfront villa offering magnificent unobstructed views of the Indian Ocean. The residence includes an open-plan living and dining area with fully-equipped feature kitchen, and five air-conditioned bedrooms, complete with audio and visual facilities, dressing areas and ensuite bathrooms. A walled garden with a 12-metre swimming pool compliments the residence.
The double-storey Villa Lega is built around a central 12-meter swimming pool, complete with outdoors shower and various water features. The pool is set in a beautifully landscaped garden. It has five ensuite bedrooms each featuring massive beds and flat TV screens. Two of the bedrooms are positioned poolside with the other three are located upstairs. Each bedroom has a different colour theme within its soft furnishings, dressing areas and glamorous ensuite bathrooms.
A very spacious living and dining room is situated on the ground floor of villa Lega. The massive living and dining room has a marble floor and folding glass doors that open to the pool deck, offering guests the choice of air-conditioned comfort or tropical open air living. The living area is furnished with a huge, comfortable L-shaped sofa and a glass-topped coffee table. The dining area is set to one side and is furnished with a large dining table, which can accommodate twelve people. There is a guest washroom located off the living and dining room.


FundCount, PCR Enter Partnership " "
Both firms are at the center of changes in how information on investments and wealth is reported to clients such as high net worth individuals and family offices.
A pair of high-profile firms providing data and information to the wealth management sector are forming a new partnership.
Private Client Resources has partnered with FundCount to offer a managed data solution within the FundCount platform. FundCount offers accounting, investment analysis and reporting software for a range of customers.
PCR's TotalWealthStream™ platform will be integrated with FundCount's general ledger capability.
"By seamlessly integrating with PCR's TotalWealthStream, clients can easily access hard-to-collect data from a centralized platform to streamline accounting and reporting," Mike Slemmer, chief operating officer, Americas of FundCount, said.
The deal means FundCount is working with a firm that says that more than $250 billion of assets are delivered to its various platforms. In the case of FundCount, organizations such as multi-family offices, private equity houses and others with assets of more than $125 billion use its reporting systems.
Senior figures from both firms spoke at a Family Wealth Report conference held earlier this year in New York to discuss wealth technology issues.


The Red Tea Detox is a detox program created by Liz Swann Miller. It targets three areas: 1.Diet, 2.Exercise, 3.Willpower, Motivation, and Mindset.
Some people believe in dieting by itself will help to lose weight. Some will incorporate exercise along with dieting. Now a program that adds the missing part - your own attitude. All in all, it will definitely increase your chance of success in losing weight.


The Fraunhofer ISC´s Center of Device Development CeDeD has evolved a new analytical device for in-situ characterization of materials and material combinations with climate change conditions: KLIMATOM.
In a unique way the KLIMATOM enables a non-contact and non-destructive contour analysis of different materials, whereby the shadow image of the sample is investigated.
Furthermore, it is possible to analyze in-situ material changes of transparent and translucent surfaces using transmitted light. In this occasion dimensional changes within defined temperature and humidity ranges can be measured and images in high-resolution CMOS technology can be obtained.


text:
Cooper confirms Wayne Routledge will miss play-off final
Swansea City head coach Steve Cooper has confirmed Wayne Routledge will miss Saturday's play-off final against Brentford due to a knee injury.
Routledge was forced off during the second half of the second leg victory over Barnsley at the Liberty Stadium, with reports earlier this week suggesting he had suffered damage to his anterior cruciate ligament.
And Cooper says the 36-year-old – who is approaching 10 years of service with Swansea City – is facing a long spell on the sidelines, but says talks over the winger's future will be held after the season has concluded.
"Wayne is out, he has suffered quite a bad injury unfortunately," said Cooper.
"That was last week in the second leg so he will not be available.
"I understand the obvious next question from that is what happens with his future, but we have decided there are – in his words – more important things this week.
"We will focus on the game, so in terms of next season we will pick that up with him next season at his request."
Ollie Cooper will also miss out on a trip to Wembley due to an ankle injury suffered in training earlier this week, while Brandon Cooper and Tivonge Rushesha will also be absent.
"Unfortunately Ollie Cooper also got injured this week with a very innocuous slip in training," added the Swans boss.
"He has been in the bench quite regularly over the latter part of the season, but it looks as if he will be out for a while."
Team news | Queens Park Rangers v Swansea City
Russell Martin has named the same team that were victorious at Sunderland for this afternoon's Championship meeting with Queens Park Rangers.
21st January
Morgan Whittaker in Swansea City squad for QPR clash
Russell Martin has confirmed Morgan Whittaker is in Swansea City's squad for the weekend meeting with Queens Park Rangers at Loftus Road.
Team news | Swansea City v Bristol City
Swansea City head coach Russell Martin has rung the changes for the FA Cup third-round replay against Bristol City.
Team news | Sunderland v Swansea City
Harry Darling returns to the Swansea City starting line-up as Russell Martin makes one change to his side for this afternoon's meeting with Sunderland.


The Adams Red hybrid – the brand's new flagship utility model – has been unveiled.
The new club is designed to offer all players versatility, forgiveness and shot-shaping ability through its smaller-than-standard head.
The Red hybrid helps produce the optimum ball flight and an easy launch through new sole, crown and head features.
Feedback from Adams' stable of tour players helped bring about a club characterised by its playable shape and maneuverability.
The brand, renowned for its hybrids, has gone against the current trend by producing a head shape that's just 95cc in volume.
This enables players to hit a wider variety of shots from a number of different lies.
Upside-down technology also lowers the centre of gravity to promote an easier launch in all conditions.
While versatility was a main focus of the Adams Red hybrid, Velocity and Ghost Slot technology that features most recently in the Tight Lies hybrid is once again employed to deliver high ball speeds across the entire face.
In addition, three transferable weights on this sole (1x 25g and 2x 2g) can be moved to facilitate the desired flight.
"The Adams Red is golf's next great hybrid from our company," said Brian Bazzel, Senior Director, Product Creation.
"To be able to pack so much into such a beautiful shape, and deliver performance, I was blown away seeing and hitting it for the first time.
The Adams Red hybrid will be available in five different lofts – 16, 18, 20, 23 and 26 degrees – from April with an RRP of £169.


RICHMOND – Governor Terry McAuliffe announced today that Camrett Logistics Inc., a full service third party logistics (3PL) company that serves Virginia and the surrounding region, will invest $2.125 million to expand its operation in Pulaski County. The project will create 38 new jobs.
"We are very encouraged by the addition of new jobs in Pulaski County," said Secretary of Commerce and Trade Maurice Jones. "Advanced manufacturing continues to be one of the industries with great growth prospects in the Commonwealth. This expansion is a testament to the superior workforce, business climate and infrastructure in Southwest Virginia, and we look forward to continuing this great partnership with Camrett.
Started by Collin Peel in 1995 with one straight truck and a 10,000-square-foot warehouse in Rural Retreat, Virginia, Camrett has expanded to warehouses and over-the-road transportation in more than three states. Camrett Logistics offers warehousing, distribution, consolidation, kitting, transportation, and a handful of other logistics services.
The Virginia Economic Development Partnership (VEDP) worked with Pulaski County to secure the project for Virginia. The company is eligible to receive state benefits from the Virginia Enterprise Zone Program, administered by the Virginia Department of Housing and Community Development. Camrett will also receive benefits from the Port of Virginia Economic and Infrastructure Development Zone Grant Program. Additional funding and services to support the company's employee training activities will be provided through the Virginia Jobs Investment Program, administered by VEDP.
I am pleased to learn that Camrett Logistics' investment in Pulaski County will result in 38 much-needed jobs and a vital boost to our local economy," said Delegate Nick Rush. "I commend the Virginia Economic Development Partnership and the local government representatives of Pulaski County for their efforts in making this project possible. I am grateful for Camrett Logistics' commitment to the New River Valley and hope for its continued success for years to come.


text:
Rising Appalachia brings 'slow music' movement to Colorado
Activities & Events Activities-events |
Andrew Travers
atravers@aspentimes.com
Leah and Chloe Smith will play Belly Up with their band, Rising Appalachia, on Friday, May 20.
Courtesy photo |
If You Go …
What: Rising Appalachia
Where: Belly Up Aspen
When: Friday, May 20, 9 p.m.
How much: $18
Tickets: Belly Up box office; http://www.bellyupaspen.com
Over the past 11 years, Rising Appalachia has rolled around the U.S. picking up bits and pieces and influences from regional folk music and from global traditions. So their eclectic roots music sound, on a given night, might include African drumming, classic blues covers, mountain music fiddle and banjo, hip-hop styled rhymes and slam poetry-inflected spoken words — all of it grounded by the counterpoint harmonies of sisters Leah and Chloe Smith's timeless vocals.
With each album, you can hear the band stretching itself a little further creatively, incorporating new sounds and ideas. Rising Appalachia's latest album is "Wider Circles," which brings the band back to Belly Up today.
"It's the culmination of so many years of traveling and touring and collecting music," Leah Smith said of the album from a tour stop in New Mexico.
The musical blend is also grounded in the old-school Woody Guthrie folk tradition of activism and protest music. The sisters aren't shy about their hopes for a better world and injustices of institutions like the American prison industry, which is the focus of the stand-out song "Spirit's Cradle."
"We look for ways to try and reverse the fast-paced glitz and glam of the music industry and do anything we can to slow it down."Leah SmithRising Appalachia
On Saturday, Rising Appalachia has partnered with the Permaculture Action Network to organize a volunteer day at an urban farm near Denver (they play Red Rocks Ampitheatre with Elephant Revival and Railroad Earth on Sunday).
"We have this idea that we want to turn concerts into orchards," Smith said.
The Colorado event is one of three full-day permaculture events on the current tour and is part of the environmentally conscious, activist mission of Rising Appalachia that extends out of its music. The band calls the idea "slow music," and hopes it will build into a movement of touring musicians treading more lightly on the Earth.
"I think you can speak power to something by giving it a name," Smith said.
They began with small things, like only bringing farm-to-table, local food into green rooms at concerts, touring regionally without flying, choosing not to stay in hotels, and organizing local volunteer events to give back. They're also partnering with a handful of local nonprofits to set up booths at the Belly Up show.
"We just try to create spaces for people to plug in locally, since we're only ever in town for a few days," Smith said.
To lower their carbon footprint, they've traveled to shows via boat and on horseback. Recently they did a whole tour traveling by train. So don't look for a Rising Appalachia private jet on the tarmac anytime soon ("If we're lucky we'll get a train car one of these days," Smith chuckled.)
"It's a blueprint that we hope will grow and change as we incorporate new ideas to slow down that industry," Smith explained. "We look for ways to try and reverse the fast-paced glitz and glam of the music industry and do anything we can to slow it down."
That drive to service and activism influenced the band creatively, as well, and formed the bedrock of its creative foundation. Soon after forming Rising Appalachia, Leah and Chloe went to New Orleans to volunteer in the post-Katrina recovery efforts. They ended up staying for seven years, soaking up the diverse musical influences from the creative gumbo in the city that invented jazz. They busked on streets around the French Quarter, played at alternative puppet theaters and with activist groups that proliferated after the storm. In time, the city shaped Rising Appalachia.
"It was an unmistakable turning point for us," Leah Smith said. "We grew up in a musical family. We always knew music would be in our lives, but we were given a taste of what it would be like for music to be valued by a culture, and for it to be an honorable thing to do for a living. No one in New Orleans says, 'Oh, you're a musician? What's your real job?' That turned us on our heads."
Now based in Atlanta, the band has a growing cult following and has drawn attention from tastemakers like NPR's "All Songs Considered," while making their way — slowly as they can — around the U.S. The approach has led them to make some connections along the way, including in Aspen. After playing Belly Up last summer, the Smith sisters returned over the ski season for an extended stay with friends they've made here.
"We've very much fallen in love with the town," Leah said. "Its reputation, I think, is very different than its reality. You think of Aspen as an inaccessible place, but really its this very well-organized, functioning small town with trailheads everywhere and a bustling little town center. … I'm looking forward to seeing it in its spring season."


text:
Super Bowl Odds - Ravens Lacked True Punch
Super Bowl odds had the Baltimore Ravens as one of the better Super Bowl betting "long shots" as they were a team that made the AFC title game last season.
Super Bowl odds went up on the Ravens after their wild card playoff win over New England as they were being touted as a Super Bowl betting sleeper. The Ravens are now totally put to sleep with the Super Bowl odds as they had a bad Super Bowl betting performance in the second round of the playoffs at Indianapolis in a 3-20 loss as 6.5-point dogs.
Baltimore's offense was never able to get untracked and that was proven to be their Super Bowl gambling weakness in the end.
Baltimore brought an elite defense to action with the Super Bowl odds in this year's playoffs but their defense fell short in a brief 2nd quarter spurt in which Indianapolis scored 2 touchdowns in the final two minutes to in essence put the game away.
The Ravens defense was considered to be its main asset with the Super Bowl odds but a power outage such as that is difficult to recover from, especially in a road playoff game against the top seeded team.
Baltimore will have to improve their offense, especially the passing attack if they are to be taken seriously as a contender with the Super Bowl odds for 2010. Quarterback Joe Flacco had an up and down sophomore season with a quarterback rating of 88.9.
Flacco was not an asset with the Super Bowl odds against the Colts as he was 20-35 for only 189 yards with 0 touchdowns and 2 interceptions. Head coach John Harbaugh knows that Baltimore has strides to make before being a legitimate favorite with the Super Bowl odds.
"Obviously, we're not where we want to be right now," said Harbaugh. "We want to get to the point where we can win the divisional playoff game, we can win the AFC championship game, and we can win the Super Bowl. We're not good enough yet. We have to find a way to make our team better."
With a top shelf defense, however, Baltimore will merit consideration with the Super Bowl odds for 2010.


text:
import pytest
import aerospike
from aerospike import exception as e
from aerospike_helpers.operations import list_operations
from aerospike_helpers.operations import map_operations as map_ops

def get_list_result_from_operation(client, key, operation, binname):
    _, _, result_bins = client.operate(key, [operation])
    return result_bins[binname]

def skip_less_than_430(version):
    if version < [4, 3]:
        print(version)
        pytest.skip("Requires server > 4.3.0 to work")

class TestNewRelativeListOperations(object):
    @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
    def setup(self, request, as_connection):
        """
        Setup Method
        """
        skip_less_than_430(self.server_version)
        self.keys = []
        # INDEXES    0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 05
        # RINDEX     5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0
        # RANK       2, 1, 0, 3, 4, 5
        # RRANK     -4,-5,-6,-3,-2,-1
        self.test_list = [3, 1, 5, 7, 9, 11]

        self.test_key = "test", "demo", "new_list_op"
        self.test_bin = "list"
        self.as_connection.put(self.test_key, {self.test_bin: self.test_list})

        # Make sure the list is ordered, in order to get expected return order.
        ops = [list_operations.list_sort("list", 0), list_operations.list_set_order("list", aerospike.LIST_ORDERED)]
        self.as_connection.operate(self.test_key, ops)
        self.keys.append(self.test_key)

        yield

        for key in self.keys:
            try:
                self.as_connection.remove(key)
            except e.AerospikeError:
                pass

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "value, offset, count, expected",
        (
            (5, 0, None, [5, 7, 9, 11]),
            (5, 0, 2, [5, 7]),
            (4, -2, 3, [1, 3, 5]),
            (0, 0, 3, [1, 3, 5]),
            (150, 0, None, []),
        ),
    )
    def test_list_get_by_value_rank_range_relative(self, value, offset, count, expected):
        """
        Without a return type this should return the value
        """
        operation = list_operations.list_get_by_value_rank_range_relative(
            self.test_bin, value, offset, return_type=aerospike.LIST_RETURN_VALUE, count=count
        )

        result = get_list_result_from_operation(self.as_connection, self.test_key, operation, self.test_bin)

        assert result == expected

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "value, offset, count, expected",
        (
            (5, 0, None, [5, 7, 9, 11]),
            (5, 0, 2, [5, 7]),
            (4, -2, 3, [1, 3, 5]),
            (0, 0, 3, [1, 3, 5]),
            (150, 0, None, []),
        ),
    )
    def test_list_remove_by_value_rank_range_relative(self, value, offset, count, expected):
        """
        Without a return type this should return the value
        """
        operation = list_operations.list_remove_by_value_rank_range_relative(
            self.test_bin, value, offset, return_type=aerospike.LIST_RETURN_VALUE, count=count
        )

        result = get_list_result_from_operation(self.as_connection, self.test_key, operation, self.test_bin)
        assert result == expected

        _, _, bins = self.as_connection.get(self.test_key)
        list_items = bins[self.test_bin]

        # Ensure that the correct number of items were removed
        assert len(list_items) == (len(self.test_list) - len(expected))

        # Ensure that the expected items were removed
        for item in list_items:
            assert item not in expected

    # TODO: duplicate test name?
    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "return_type, expected",
        (
            (aerospike.LIST_RETURN_VALUE, 5),
            (aerospike.LIST_RETURN_INDEX, 2),
            (aerospike.LIST_RETURN_RANK, 2),
            (aerospike.LIST_RETURN_REVERSE_RANK, 3),
            (aerospike.LIST_RETURN_REVERSE_INDEX, 3),
        ),
    )
    def test_list_remove_by_value_rank_range_relative1(self, return_type, expected):
        """
        Without a return type this should return the value
        """
        operation = list_operations.list_remove_by_value_rank_range_relative(
            self.test_bin, 5, 0, return_type=return_type, count=1
        )

        result = get_list_result_from_operation(self.as_connection, self.test_key, operation, self.test_bin)
        assert result == [expected]

    def test_list_remove_by_value_rank_range_relative_ret_none(self):
        """
        Without a return type this should return the value
        """
        operation = list_operations.list_remove_by_value_rank_range_relative(
            self.test_bin, 5, 0, return_type=aerospike.LIST_RETURN_NONE, count=1
        )

        _, _, bins = self.as_connection.operate(self.test_key, [operation])
        assert bins == {}

    def test_list_remove_by_value_rank_range_relative_ret_count(self):
        """
        Without a return type this should return the value
        """
        operation = list_operations.list_remove_by_value_rank_range_relative(
            self.test_bin, 5, 0, return_type=aerospike.LIST_RETURN_COUNT, count=1
        )

        result = get_list_result_from_operation(self.as_connection, self.test_key, operation, self.test_bin)
        assert result == 1

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "value, offset, count, expected_err",
        (
            (5, "zero", None, e.ParamError),
            (5, 0, "None", e.ParamError),
            (5, 1.5, "None", e.ParamError),
            (5, 0, 1.5, e.ParamError),
        ),
    )
    def test_list_remove_by_value_rank_invalid_params(self, value, offset, count, expected_err):
        """
        Without a return type this should return the value
        """
        operation = list_operations.list_remove_by_value_rank_range_relative(
            self.test_bin, value, offset, return_type=aerospike.LIST_RETURN_VALUE, count=count
        )

        with pytest.raises(expected_err):
            self.as_connection.operate(self.test_key, [operation])

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "value, offset, count, expected_err",
        (
            (5, "zero", None, e.ParamError),
            (5, 0, "None", e.ParamError),
            (5, 1.5, "None", e.ParamError),
            (5, 0, 1.5, e.ParamError),
        ),
    )
    def test_list_get_by_value_rank_invalid_params(self, value, offset, count, expected_err):
        """
        Without a return type this should return the value
        """
        operation = list_operations.list_get_by_value_rank_range_relative(
            self.test_bin, value, offset, return_type=aerospike.LIST_RETURN_VALUE, count=count
        )

        with pytest.raises(expected_err):
            self.as_connection.operate(self.test_key, [operation])

    # INVERTED TESTS
    # LIST = [3, 1, 5, 7, 9, 11]
    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "value, offset, count, expected",
        (
            (5, 0, None, [1, 3]),
            (5, 0, 2, [1, 3, 9, 11]),
            (4, -2, 3, [7, 9, 11]),
            (0, 0, 3, [7, 9, 11]),
            (150, 0, None, [1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11]),
        ),
    )
    def test_list_get_by_value_rank_range_relative_inverted(self, value, offset, count, expected):
        """
        Without a return type this should return the value
        """
        operation = list_operations.list_get_by_value_rank_range_relative(
            self.test_bin, value, offset, return_type=aerospike.LIST_RETURN_VALUE, count=count, inverted=True
        )

        result = get_list_result_from_operation(self.as_connection, self.test_key, operation, self.test_bin)

        assert result == expected

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "value, offset, count, expected",
        (
            (5, 0, None, [1, 3]),
            (5, 0, 2, [1, 3, 9, 11]),
            (4, -2, 3, [7, 9, 11]),
            (0, 0, 3, [7, 9, 11]),
            (150, 0, None, [1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11]),
        ),
    )
    def test_list_remove_by_value_rank_range_relative_inverted(self, value, offset, count, expected):
        """
        Without a return type this should return the value
        """
        operation = list_operations.list_remove_by_value_rank_range_relative(
            self.test_bin, value, offset, return_type=aerospike.LIST_RETURN_VALUE, count=count, inverted=True
        )

        result = get_list_result_from_operation(self.as_connection, self.test_key, operation, self.test_bin)
        assert result == expected

        _, _, bins = self.as_connection.get(self.test_key)
        list_items = bins[self.test_bin]

        # Ensure that the correct number of items were removed
        assert len(list_items) == (len(self.test_list) - len(expected))

        # Ensure that the expected items were removed
        for item in list_items:
            assert item not in expected

class TestNewRelativeMapOperations(object):
    @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
    def setup(self, request, as_connection):
        """
        Setup Method
        """

        skip_less_than_430(self.server_version)

        self.keys = []
        # INDEXES    0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 05
        # RINDEX     5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0
        # RANK       2, 1, 0, 3, 4, 5
        # RRANK     -4,-5,-6,-3,-2,-1
        self.test_map = {0: 6, 5: 12, 10: 18, 15: 24}

        self.test_key = "test", "demo", "new_map_op"
        self.test_bin = "map"
        self.as_connection.put(self.test_key, {self.test_bin: self.test_map})

        map_policy = {"map_write_mode": aerospike.MAP_CREATE_ONLY, "map_order": aerospike.MAP_KEY_ORDERED}
        operations = [map_ops.map_set_policy(self.test_bin, map_policy)]
        self.as_connection.operate(self.test_key, operations)
        self.keys.append(self.test_key)

        yield

        for key in self.keys:
            try:
                self.as_connection.remove(key)
            except e.AerospikeError:
                pass

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "value, offset, count, expected",
        (
            (7, 0, None, [5, 10, 15]),
            (7, 1, None, [10, 15]),
            (7, -1, 2, [0, 5]),
        ),
    )
    def test_get_by_value_rank_range_rel(self, value, offset, count, expected):
        operation = map_ops.map_get_by_value_rank_range_relative(
            self.test_bin, value, offset, return_type=aerospike.MAP_RETURN_KEY, count=count, inverted=False
        )
        res = get_list_result_from_operation(self.as_connection, self.test_key, operation, self.test_bin)

        assert res == expected

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "value, offset, count, expected",
        (
            (7, 0, None, [5, 10, 15]),
            (7, 1, None, [10, 15]),
            (7, -1, 2, [0, 5]),
        ),
    )
    def test_remove_by_value_rank_range_rel(self, value, offset, count, expected):
        operation = map_ops.map_remove_by_value_rank_range_relative(
            self.test_bin, value, offset, return_type=aerospike.MAP_RETURN_KEY, count=count, inverted=False
        )
        res = get_list_result_from_operation(self.as_connection, self.test_key, operation, self.test_bin)

        assert res == expected
        test_map = self.as_connection.get(self.test_key)[2][self.test_bin]

        assert len(test_map) == (len(self.test_map) - len(expected))

        for item in expected:
            assert item not in test_map

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "key, offset, count, expected",
        (
            (4, 0, None, [5, 10, 15]),
            (4, 1, None, [10, 15]),
            (4, -1, 2, [0, 5]),
        ),
    )
    def test_get_by_key_index_range_rel(self, key, offset, count, expected):
        operation = map_ops.map_get_by_key_index_range_relative(
            self.test_bin, key, offset, return_type=aerospike.MAP_RETURN_KEY, count=count, inverted=False
        )
        res = get_list_result_from_operation(self.as_connection, self.test_key, operation, self.test_bin)

        assert res == expected

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "key, offset, count, expected",
        (
            (4, 0, None, [5, 10, 15]),
            (4, 1, None, [10, 15]),
            (4, -1, 2, [0, 5]),
        ),
    )
    def test_remove_by_key_index_range_rel(self, key, offset, count, expected):
        operation = map_ops.map_remove_by_key_index_range_relative(
            self.test_bin, key, offset, return_type=aerospike.MAP_RETURN_KEY, count=count, inverted=False
        )
        res = get_list_result_from_operation(self.as_connection, self.test_key, operation, self.test_bin)

        assert res == expected
        test_map = self.as_connection.get(self.test_key)[2][self.test_bin]

        assert len(test_map) == (len(self.test_map) - len(expected))

        for item in expected:
            assert item not in test_map

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "return_type, expected",
        (
            (aerospike.MAP_RETURN_INDEX, [1]),
            (aerospike.MAP_RETURN_REVERSE_INDEX, [2]),
            (aerospike.MAP_RETURN_RANK, [1]),
            (aerospike.MAP_RETURN_REVERSE_RANK, [2]),
            (aerospike.MAP_RETURN_VALUE, [12]),
            (aerospike.MAP_RETURN_KEY_VALUE, [5, 12]),
            (aerospike.MAP_RETURN_COUNT, 1),
        ),
    )
    def test_list_get_by_key_index_range_relative_rettype(self, return_type, expected):
        """
        Without a return type this should return the value
        """
        operation = map_ops.map_get_by_key_index_range_relative(
            self.test_bin, 5, 0, return_type=return_type, count=1, inverted=False
        )
        res = get_list_result_from_operation(self.as_connection, self.test_key, operation, self.test_bin)

        assert res == expected

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "function",
        (
            map_ops.map_get_by_value_rank_range_relative,
            map_ops.map_get_by_key_index_range_relative,
            map_ops.map_remove_by_key_index_range_relative,
            map_ops.map_remove_by_value_rank_range_relative,
        ),
    )
    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "key, offset, count, err",
        (
            (4, "zero", None, e.ParamError),
            (4, 1, "count", e.ParamError),
        ),
    )
    def test_remove_by_key_index_range_invalid(self, function, key, offset, count, err):
        operation = function(
            self.test_bin, key, offset, return_type=aerospike.MAP_RETURN_KEY, count=count, inverted=False
        )

        with pytest.raises(err):
            self.as_connection.operate(self.test_key, [operation])


text:
Home/News/Public-private collaboration to boost export sector
Public-private collaboration to boost export sector
Involvement of the public and private sector in the development of the country's economy has been the trend in the world for the past few decades. It is not possible to achieve any sector development by focusing interventions solely on the private or public sector. In fact, many of the challenges faced by the private sector can be overcome only in partnership with the public sector.
Development and governance programs in the private sector should be integrated into one comprehensive strategy of intervention. Public Private Dialogue (PPD) or collaboration is a prerequisite to implementing broadly supported organisational improvement in a holistic approach. PPD is essentially an organisational structure putting together a group of actors from the public and private sectors.
In the Sri Lankan context, one of the recent success stories is the National Export Strategy (NES). The strategy was drawn up with more than 750 public and private sector officials to drive the export growth of Sri Lanka. From the inception to implementation, private sector involvement was extensive. Chambers around the country are working together to make the NES a success.
One of the mechanisms followed by the Sri Lanka Export Development Board (EDB) is the Advisory Committees (AC). ACs are comprised of public and private sector officials in the export community and they drive the NES and work together with the relevant industries to resolve issues faced by exporters and in the implementation of NES in a progressive manner.
Another success story is the 16th edition of the globally represented World Export Development Forum in 2016 (WEDF 2016) which was hosted by ITC jointly with EDB for the first time in Sri Lanka and was co-organised by the public and private sector as equal partners. This was attended by over 600 business leaders, policy makers, heads of trade, investment support institutions, and international trade officials, from more than 20 countries. A total of 136 Sri Lankan companies registered for the B2B met with a total of 116 international high-potential buyers across sectors such as tourism, information and communication technology (ICT), apparel and manufacturing. Almost 850 B2B meetings were facilitated at WEDF 2016, resulting in beneficial trade-led ties and export opportunities for Sri Lanka and the region.
Expo 2020 Dubai is the latest public-private collaborative project and it will contribute to achieving the Sri Lanka Vision 2025 by supporting the growth of tourism, stimulating the development of innovative businesses and enhancing the country's international reputation as a location to do business. 26 product and service sectors have pledged to come on board during the six-month period to showcase Sri Lanka's genuine offers to the world.
These are few examples of effective public and private collaboration within the export sector. There are and there will be challenges in all mechanisms and the effort taken to identify and resolve these issues using strategic interventions is the key to successful partnership with the public and private sector collaboration. However with the undying efforts of the public sector and continuous support of the private sector will lift up the country to a steady economic growth in the future.
Source at: Daily FT


Your car insurance policy is made up of many different pieces to protect you when you hit the road. While some of these coverages are optional, some may be required by your state — such as bodily injury and property damage liability insurance. These coverages protect you if you're in an at-fault accident, and they'll help cover costs for injuries and damages you caused to other people or their property.
Let's take a look at how these coverages work.
Bodily injury liability insurance. This coverage is financial protection for people. If you're at fault in an accident, bodily injury liability coverage (BI) can help cover costs for medical expenses for injuries you caused to other drivers and passengers.
Property damage liability insurance. This coverage is financial protection for things. If you're at fault in an accident, property damage liability (PD) insurance can help cover costs for the other driver's vehicle expenses or if you damage someone's property, such as a mailbox, home, fence, etc.
How Does Bodily Injury & Property Damage Liability Insurance Work?
Your bodily injury and property damage liability insurance are the core of your insurance policy. If you own a vehicle, your state probably requires you to at least have a minimum amount of these coverages. If you cause an accident that injures another person and/or damages their property, bodily injury and property damage liability insurance are designed to protect you from paying a substantial amount of money out of pocket to cover the related costs.
What Does Bodily Injury & Property Damage Liability Insurance Cover?
So what exactly will bodily injury and property damage liability insurance help cover? As mentioned before, they help you financially pay expenses for damages to people and people's property. Below are some specific ways they help financially protect you.
Medical expenses. A key component of bodily injury liability insurance is that it helps cover costs associated with someone's medical care after an accident you cause. For instance, emergency care, hospital charges, follow-up visits, as well as medical equipment (e.g. wheelchair, crutches).
Lost wages. Bodily injury liability helps cover lost wages if a person isn't able to work due to the injuries sustained in the accident.
Legal fees. If you face a lawsuit due to the injuries you caused, bodily injury may help cover associated legal costs, like for a lawyer or settlement.
Pain and suffering. Bodily injury liability may help compensate the victim if they experience long-lasting physical pain or emotional suffering.
Funeral costs. If the accident is fatal, bodily injury liability can help cover funeral costs.
Remember, bodily injury liability coverage doesn't pay for your medical expenses or lost income if you caused the accident.
Damages to vehicle. If you cause an accident and damage someone else's vehicle, you'll be responsible to pay for the resulting expenses. This could include anything from backing into another car and putting a dent in the bumper to totaling someone's car. Property damage liability insurance can help cover the costs to repair or replace a damages to the vehicle.
Damages to property. Sometimes car accidents occur that don't involve another vehicle. If you cause damage to someone's property, like if you accidentally back into their mailbox or fence, property damage liability can help pay to repair or replace the damaged property.
Property damage liability insurance doesn't pay for damages to your car. That's where comprehensive and collision coverage step in. These are optional coverages that can keep your vehicle safe from the unexpected.
What are the Limits of Bodily Injury & Property Damage Liability Coverage?
Almost every single state requires a vehicle to have a minimum amount of liability insurance to provide you financial protection in case of an accident. So when purchasing car insurance, you'll have to select coverage that meets the minimum limit requirement your state has set.
Your insurance company will pay up to $15,000 for injury-related expenses per person. No injured individual will receive more than this amount.
You're covered for $30,000 for injury-related expenses per incident. So when you add up all of the bodily injury payouts, the total can't exceed this amount.
Your insurance company will pay up to $10,000 for property damage per incident.
Keep in mind, the minimum limits that a state requires is typically low and may not provide you with the level of protection you actually need.
Let's put it into perspective. Say you live in Arizona, where you meet the minimum liability limits of 15/30/10. You're cruising down the highway and flip your blinker on to get in the next lane. You turn to look and think you're in the clear, but unfortunately there's a vehicle in your blind spot and you swerve right into it. Fortunately, no one is injured, but the vehicle is pretty beat up. You find out that the damages for the vehicle came to $20,000, and since you were at fault, it's your responsibility to pay the other party.
Thankfully you have insurance, but since you've chosen your state's minimum limits for your coverage, your insurer will only pay up to $10,000 for property damage, leaving the remaining $10,000 for you to pay out of pocket.
Sure, you legally meet your state's requirements, but instances like these are great reasons to consider higher levels of liability coverage.
Want to learn more about your bodily injury and property damage limits? Your American Family Insurance agent can help you determine coverage limits that work best for you. In the meantime, check out our underinsured bodily injury liability coverage to find out how you can protect yourself from drivers with low-coverage limits.


text:
Q: Steps per epoch doesn't behave correctly with tensorflow tf.data.Dataset I am having a problem using the steps_per_epoch parameter in model.fit. Up to my knowledge, the steps_per_epoch is used to log metrics, like a loss function, after a number of iterations, i.e., after feeding a number of batches to the model. Consequently, while training, we're able to see the loss after few iterations, instead of having to wait until the end of the epoch for the loss to be displayed. Consequently, to be, if I'm having a small data, then my model will learn a pattern just from few epochs. Consequently, I am interested to see the behavior of the model after n iterations.
First, please note that I have tensorflow version 2.3.0
Here is the data preprocessing logic (this is customized for time series data).
window_size = 42
batch_size  = 32
forecast_period = 3

def _sub_to_batch(sub):
    return sub.batch(window_size, drop_remainder=True)

def _return_input_output(tensor):
    _input  = tensor[:, :-forecast_period, :]
    _output = tensor[:, forecast_period:, :]
    return _input, _output

def _reshape_tensor(tensor):
    tensor = tf.expand_dims(tensor, axis=-1)
    tensor = tf.transpose(tensor, [1, 0, 2])
    return tensor

# total elements after unbatch(): 3813
train_ts_dataset = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices(train_ts)\
                            .window(window_size, shift=1)\
                            .flat_map(_sub_to_batch)\
                            .map(_reshape_tensor)\
                            .unbatch().shuffle(buffer_size=500).batch(batch_size)\
                            .map(_return_input_output)

valid_ts_dataset = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices(valid_ts)\
                            .window(window_size, shift=1)\
                            .flat_map(_sub_to_batch)\
                            .map(_reshape_tensor)\
                            .unbatch().shuffle(buffer_size=500).batch(batch_size)\
                            .map(_return_input_output)

for i, (x, y) in enumerate(train_ts_dataset):
    print(i, x.numpy().shape, y.numpy().shape)

And the output:
0 (32, 39, 1) (32, 39, 1)
1 (32, 39, 1) (32, 39, 1)
2 (32, 39, 1) (32, 39, 1)
3 (32, 39, 1) (32, 39, 1)
4 (32, 39, 1) (32, 39, 1)
5 (32, 39, 1) (32, 39, 1)
6 (32, 39, 1) (32, 39, 1)
7 (32, 39, 1) (32, 39, 1)
8 (32, 39, 1) (32, 39, 1)
9 (32, 39, 1) (32, 39, 1)
10 (32, 39, 1) (32, 39, 1)
11 (32, 39, 1) (32, 39, 1)
12 (32, 39, 1) (32, 39, 1)
13 (32, 39, 1) (32, 39, 1)
14 (32, 39, 1) (32, 39, 1)
15 (32, 39, 1) (32, 39, 1)
16 (32, 39, 1) (32, 39, 1)
17 (32, 39, 1) (32, 39, 1)
18 (32, 39, 1) (32, 39, 1)
19 (32, 39, 1) (32, 39, 1)
20 (32, 39, 1) (32, 39, 1)
21 (32, 39, 1) (32, 39, 1)
22 (32, 39, 1) (32, 39, 1)
23 (32, 39, 1) (32, 39, 1)
24 (32, 39, 1) (32, 39, 1)
25 (32, 39, 1) (32, 39, 1)
26 (29, 39, 1) (29, 39, 1)

Therefore, I can tell that my dataset contains a total of 27 batches, each batch contains 29-32 elements of shape (32, 39, 1), (32, 39, 1).
As for the model:
import datetime

tf.keras.backend.clear_session()

time_steps = x_train.shape[1]

def _custom_mae(y_pred, y_true):
    _y_pred = y_pred[-forecast_period:, :]
    _y_true = y_true[-forecast_period:, :]
    mae = tf.losses.MAE(_y_true, _y_pred)
    return mae

model = k.models.Sequential([
#     k.layers.Bidirectional(k.layers.LSTM(units=100, return_sequences=True), input_shape=(None, 1)),
    k.layers.Conv1D(256, 16, strides=1, padding='same', input_shape=(None, 1)),
    k.layers.Conv1D(128, 16, strides=1, padding='same'),
    k.layers.TimeDistributed(k.layers.Dense(1))
])

_datetime = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d-%H-%M-%S")
_log_dir = os.path.join(".", "logs", "fit4", _datetime)

tensorboard_cb = k.callbacks.TensorBoard(log_dir=_log_dir)

model.compile(loss="mae", optimizer=tf.optimizers.Adam(learning_rate=0.01), metrics=[_custom_mae])

# , validation_data=valid_ts_dataset
history = model.fit(train_ts_dataset, steps_per_epoch=12, epochs=1, callbacks=[tensorboard_cb])

I got the following output:
So, I can tell that I had 12 virtual epochs within a real epoch.

However, after looking into history.history I got the following:

However, I'm expecting to see a list of 12 values for each the loss and the _custom_mae
Finally, I would love to see the results in tensorboard.
Please let me know what I am missing and how to tackle my problem.
Thanks in advance for the support!

A: From the keras doc

steps_per_epoch: Integer or None. Total number of steps (batches of samples) before declaring one epoch finished and starting the next epoch. When training with input tensors such as TensorFlow data tensors, the default None is equal to the number of samples in your dataset divided by the batch size, or 1 if that cannot be determined. If x is a tf.data dataset, and 'steps_per_epoch' is None, the epoch will run until the input dataset is exhausted. When passing an infinitely repeating dataset, you must specify the steps_per_epoch argument. This argument is not supported with array inputs.

So I think what you're looking is callbacks, in the same way as the tensorbard_cb, I wrote for you a callback that will be run between every batch, you can find the full possibility of callbacks here https://keras.io/guides/writing_your_own_callbacks/#a-basic-example
logdir = "logs/scalars/" + datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d-%H%M%S")
file_writer = tf.summary.create_file_writer(logdir + "/metrics")
file_writer.set_as_default()

class CustomCallback(tf.keras.callbacks.Callback):
    def on_train_batch_end(self, batch, logs=None):
        print("For batch {}, _custom_mae is {:7.2f}.".format(batch, logs["_custom_mae"]))
        tf.summary.scalar('_custom_mae rate', data=logs["_custom_mae", step=epoch)

which can be used like that
tensorboard_callback = keras.callbacks.TensorBoard(log_dir=logdir)

history = model.fit(train_ts_dataset,
 steps_per_epoch=12,
 epochs=1,
 callbacks=[tensorboard_callback, CustomCallback()])

Then run tensorboard
%tensorboard --logdir logs/scalars

more info here


Milupa is serving up Aptawelt Learn-to-Eat Plates for children aged one year upwards. The special plates that were developed by koziol in the scope of a campaign for "Aptamil Pronutra™-Children's Milk 1+" accompanies the toddler through its second year of life and was presented by children's doctors during an early detection examination together with a learn-to-drink beaker and a sample packet of children's milk. Thanks to the six compartments, i.e. for vegetables, meat and pasta and the learnto- drink beaker, children learn how to eat as easy as pie. The high rim makes it easier to spoon out the food and enables the kids to feel a sense of achievement fast. Furthermore, thanks to its big airtight lid, the plate also benefits from all the advantages of a lunchbox. The key visual of the bear is integrated directly into the lid as a haptic 3D motif turning it into a unique designer item. In addition to the successful concept, the jury also praised the sustainable production in Germany, the non-toxic materials used and the 100% recyclability of the product and didn't hesitate to dish out a distinction in the category Custom-made Designs.