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Las rocas de Liancourt son un grupo de islotes que se ubican en el mar del Japón. Para los japoneses y surcoreanos, se conocen como Takeshima (竹島) y Dokdo (독도/獨島) respectivamente. En la actualidad, el archipiélago se encuentra habitado por dos residentes civiles surcoreanos, Kim Sung-do (김성도) y Kim Shin-yeol (김신열), además de 37 oficiales de la policía nacional surcoreana (독도경비대/獨島警備隊), sin embargo, Japón reclama soberanía sobre él.

Por un lado, Corea del Sur las clasifica como parte del condado de Ulleung, provincia de Gyeongsang del Norte; mientras que Japón las clasifica como parte de la ciudad de Okinoshima, del distrito de Oki, de la prefectura de Shimane.

En 1849, un ballenero francés de El Havre, Le Liancourt, nombró los islotes Rocas de Liancourt. Los rusos las llamaron Rocas de Manalai y Olivutsa en 1854, y los ingleses Rocas Hornet en 1855.

Las rocas de Liancourt, aunque prácticamente inhabitables, son importantes por varias razones. Económicamente, se cree que en su zona económica exclusiva podría haber yacimientos de gas natural. Militarmente, las islas le sirven de base militar al gobierno surcoreano.

Tras décadas de aparente silencio y tranquilidad entre ambas naciones, la disputa volvió a polemizarse entre finales de 2005 y comienzos de 2006.

Mientras que el gobierno japonés afirma que estas islas eran consideradas como un territorio propio de Japón desde el período Edo, tanto Corea del Norte, como Corea del Sur defienden que las rocas de Liancourt pertenecen al reino coreano de Silla desde el 512 d. C. según Samguk Sagi, (Crónicas de los Tres Reinos).

El 14 de julio de 2008, el gobierno surcoreano decide retirar a su embajador en Japón, tras la reafirmación de soberanía sobre las islas por parte de Tokio.

Historia

Dokdo en los archivos coreanos

Según Samguk Sagi, (Crónicas de los Tres Reinos), las rocas de Liancourt han formado parte del territorio coreano desde el año 512 (el décimo tercer año del reinado de Jijeung, de Silla), cuando Silla absorbió la comarca de Usanguk. Este hecho queda registrado dos veces en estas crónicas y también en la biografía de Yi Sabu. Usanguk incluía Ulleungdo y Usando (conocida como Matsushima en Japón antes de 1880) cuando fue absorbida por Silla, algo registrado en varios textos antiguos, como en Sejong sillok jiriji (, (Apéndice geográfico de la Crónica del Rey Sejong), publicado en 1481), que describe:

En Sinjeung dongguk yeoji seungnam (, (Nueva edición ampliada de la geografía de Corea) de 1530, publicada en 1531) y en Man-gi yoram (, (Libro de los diez mil asuntos de estado), de 1808), y Jeungbo munheon bigo (, (Edición revisada de la compilación aumentada de documentos de referencia sobre Corea), de 1908). La denominación Usan para referirse a Dokdo se utilizó hasta principios del .

Después de la invasión de Ulleungdo por Japón, con gran pérdida de vidas humanas, el rey Taejong de la dinastía Joseon (1392-1910) ordenó que los residentes de esta isla fueran traídos a la península en 1417, por la política de "islas vacías", que prohibió que la gente habitara las islas debido a la preocupación por su seguridad. Esta política de "islas vacías" para Ulleungdo fue derrogada en 1883 cuando el rey Gojong puso en marcha una política de asentamientos y permitió que los residentes regresaran a la isla.

Según el gobierno japonés, el primer texto japonés que hace mención de las rocas de Liancourt es Onsubusbicbogoki (Registro de las observaciones en Onsbu). Sin embargo, según este texto, las rocas de Liancourt (denominadas Matsushima en Japón en esa época) y Ulleungdo (denominada Takeshima) formaban parte del territorio de Goryeo, y el límite noroeste de Japón estaba claramente situado en la isla Oki, lo cual confirma que Dokdo/Takeshima y Ulleungdo eran parte del territorio coreano.

Durante la era Tokugawa, Japón reconoció y respetó el hecho de que Ulleungdo fuesen parte del territorio de Joseon. Como ejemplo se puede citar el hecho de que el famoso erudito japonés Hayashi Shihei (1738-1793) hizo dos mapas: "Mapa de los tres países vecinos" (Sangoku setsuchizu) y "Mapa del imperio de Japón" (Nihontaigokuchizu), en los que identificaba las fronteras nacionales y territorios con diferentes colores para cada país: amarillo para Joseon y verde para Japón. Situó Ulleungdo y Dokdo/Takeshima en su situación correcta y no sólo los pintó de amarillo, sino que escribió "perteneciente a Joseon" al lado de las islas, reconociéndolas así como territorio de Joseon.

En 1876, el Departamento del Interior del gobierno Meiji de Japón ordenó a cada prefectura que dibujara un mapa de su territorio para una investigación geográfica nacional y para la elaboración de un mapa. En esa época, el gobernador de la prefectura de Shimane preguntó al Departamento del Interior si Takeshima (Ulleungdo) debían ser incluidas en el mapa de su prefectura y en la investigación geográfica. Después de más de cinco meses investigando los materiales relacionados con Ulleungdo, así como los documentos que se habían intercambiado Japón y Joseon a finales del , el Departamento del Interior japonés concluyó que Ulleungdo eran territorio de Joseon y por ello "no eran asunto de Japón".

Reivindicaciones japonesas

En 1905, los japoneses preparan la colonización de Corea tomando control de las islas Dokdo, que rebautizan Takeshima , es decir « islas bambú» en japonés. Pierre Jaillard, miembro del Consejo Nacional Francés de la Información Geográfica, en un artículo de la Comisión Nacional de Toponimia, expone:

La prefectura de Shimane es la que se hace con el territorio algunos meses antes de la invasión militar de Corea, con el fin de que la anexión no sea considerada como un acto bélico de una nación hacia la otra.

Tras la Segunda Guerra Mundial y la administración de las colonias japonesas por los Aliados, se instituyen una serie de instrumentos internacionales para la regulación, como la conferencia de El Cairo y el Tratado de Paz entre los Aliados y Japón. Los aliados se centran en la determinación de las fronteras de Japón a la vez que devuelven definitivamente todos territorios invadidos por éste, rocas de Liancourt incluidas, a Corea.

La independencia de Corea fue inicialmente prometida por las tres grandes potencias, los Estados Unidos, Reino Unido y China en la conferencia de El Cairo del 27 de noviembre de 1943.

La Declaración de Potsdam del 26 de junio de 1945 aprueba la conferencia de El Cairo manifestando de ese modo que « los términos de la declaración del Cairo serán respetados y la soberanía japonesa será limitada a las islas de Honshū, Hokkaidō, Kyūshū, Shikoku y otras pequeñas islas que nosotros designaremos». La aceptación expresa por la parte de Japón de la Declaración de Potsdam por un acto de sumisión firmado el 2 de septiembre de 1945 legaliza esas dos declaraciones.

Las directivas del Comandante Supremo de los Aliados (SCAP), tituladas « Memorándum concerniente a las separaciones gubernamentales y administrativas de ciertas zonas de Japón» (SCAPIN N. 677), fechadas del 29 de enero de 1946, han sido enviadas al gobierno japonés aplicando el acta de sumisión. El territorio japonés ha sido efectivamente delimitado a las cuatro islas principales del archipiélago y a algunos miles de pequeñas islas vecinas. Las islas Ulleungdo y Quelpart (Jeju) han sido explícitamente excluidas del territorio japonés y restituidas a Corea.

En 1951, según el artículo 2 del Tratado de San Francisco firmado con Japón, este último reconoce y renuncia a todos los derechos, títulos y reivindicaciones sobre Corea. Esta renuncia incluye Quelpart, la isla Dagelet (Ulleungdo) y Port Hamilton (Geomundo). Las rocas de Liancourt figuraban en las primeras versiones del Tratado, pero los Estados Unidos cambian de parecer atribuyendo las Rocas a Japón (un aliado seguro en esta región con riesgo de bascular en el comunismo) en las versiones de finales de  1949, este cambio final de opinión en el último momento no se hará mención por lo espinoso del asunto con el fin de evitar pleitos posteriores y poner en peligro la totalidad del tratado

Es apoyándose en la omisión de las rocas de Liancourt en el Tratado de Paz que Japón basa su reivindicación sobre la soberanía de las islas, argumentando que ese tratado representa el establecimiento definitivo de su territorio, y la añade a la ciudad de Okinoshima, prefectura de Shimane, en las islas del archipiélago de Oki. Sin embargo, otra interpretación de este artículo sería que las islas mencionadas en el tratado no son más que ejemplos y no una lista exhaustiva, teniendo en cuenta el gran número de islas que rodean la península coreana. Los casos más difíciles que involucran a China y a Corea se han eludido, ambas ausentes a la hora de firmar y comprometidos en otros frentes, pues Corea se encontraba en plena guerra civil. No existe ninguna decisión que invalide el documento SCAPIN N. 677 en los demás instrumentos de la posguerra.

Poco después del final de la guerra de Corea, el presidente surcoreano Rhee a la hora de delimitar el territorio declara el 18 de enero de 1952 la soberanía de su país sobre la parte correspondiente a Corea del Sur del mar del Japón) que incluye el archipiélago; y en 1954, tomando control administrativo sobre las islas instalando un contingente permanente de guarda costas en 1954.

Reivindicaciones más actuales

Desde la llegada al poder de Jun'ichiro Koizumi, las reivindicaciones japonesas sobre las rocas de Liancourt se han hecho más notables. En 2005, Japón decide instaurar una festividad, el "día de Takeshima" mientras que los nuevos libros de texto japoneses se alinean con el gobierno afirmando la soberanía japonesa sobre las rocas de Liancourt.

Por su parte, para los coreanos, las rocas de Liancourt son el símbolo de su independencia de Japón. En efecto, las rocas de Liancourt fueron el primer territorio coreano anexionado por el Japón Imperial en 1905. Como lo observa James Brook:

Fuera del símbolo político, las islas representan también en adelante un asunto económico y comercial de envergadura, fuente de litigios en cuanto a la delimitación de las zonas económicas exclusivas, determinantes para la pesca y la exploración submarina: doce millones de toneladas de peces fueron pescadas en 1985, antes de los acuerdos de 1998 y 2002 entre los dos países para limitar la pesca.

Corea del Norte considera por su parte que las islas pertenecen a la nación coreana y habla de una reivindicación pirata y anacrónica por parte del Japón.

Tras haber clasificado las rocas de Liancourt como territorio sin soberanía, el gobierno de los Estados Unidos reconoce desde el 31 de julio de 2008 la soberanía surcoreana sobre las islas Dokdo.

En 2012, la visita del presidente surcoreano, Lee Myung-bak, a las islas, provocó la llamada a consultas del embajador surcoreano en Tokio, para expresarle el descontento japonés por la vulneración del statu quo.

Toponimia
El nombre coreano Dokdo se escribe  en Hangul, en Hanja , que significa « isla solitaria» (con el nombre genérico do,  « isla»).

El nombre japonés Takeshima se escribe en Kanji , que significa « isla de bambú» (con el nombre genérico shima,  « isla»). El nombre específico japonés Take puede venir del japonés Take,  « bambú», o de una transcripción fonética del coreano Dok-, pronunciado a la japonesa, o bien de un término medio entre las dos. El japonés reconoce la pronunciación coreana de la [d] como [t], ya que su alfabeto hiragana forma la [d] añadiendo dakuten (« puntos») a la [t].

El nombre occidental de «rocas de Liancourt» hace referencia al ballenero francés Le Liancourt, el cual, partiendo de El Havre, «descubrió» el archipiélago el 27 de enero de 1849.

La forma «Rocas de Liancourt» es la más frecuente y cercana al origen de la denominación. A veces se puede encontrar una variante sin preposición: «rocas Liancourt» que en francés se explica por un cambio de referencia (posiblemente exportada a otros idiomas) del ballenero a su propio epónimo: el filántropo François Alexandre Frédéric de La Rochefoucauld, duque de Liancourt (1747–1827).

Geografía
Los islotes están divididos en dos grupos: la Isleta este (en coreano: 동도/東島 Dongdo; en japonés: 女島 Onnajima): de 0,0733 kilómetros cuadrados (7,33 hectáreas) y la Isleta oeste (en coreano: 서도/西島 Seodo; en japonés: 男島 Otokojima): de 0,08864 kilómetros cuadrados (8,86 hectáreas). Su punto más alto es un sitio sin nombre en la Isleta oeste de 169 metros de altura (554 pies).
En total, hay cerca de 90 islotes y arrecifes. Estas rocas volcánicas se formaron en la era Cenozoica, concretamente entre 4,6 y 2 millones de años atrás. Un total de 37 de estos islotes son reconocidos como tierras fijas.

Ecología

Los islotes son rocas volcánicas, con únicamente una fina capa de tierra y musgo. Se han encontrado habitando las rocas de Liancourt alrededor de 49 especies de plantas, 107 especies de aves, y 93 especies de insectos, además de la flora y fauna marina, que cuentan con 160 tipos de algas y 368 especies identificadas de invertebrados respectivamente. Aunque diariamente se encuentran entre 1100 y 1200 litros de agua dulce, se han instalado plantas de desalinización para el consumo humano, ya que el agua dulce existente sufre de contaminación por guano. Desde principios de los 70, se han plantado árboles y algunos tipos de flores. Según estudios históricos, existían árboles en los islotes, que supuestamente desaparecieron debido a la deforestación y a los bombardeos sobre las rocas de Liancourt. Una reciente investigación identifica diez husos, de 120 años. La ley internacional requiere la presencia de árboles en estos islotes para poder ser reconocidos como islas naturales en lugar de arrecifes.

Las rocas de Liancourt constituyen una importante reserva natural, notablemente para aves migratorias. El archipiélago, está protegido como « monumento natural» por la legislación surcoreana desde 1982.

Demografía

Además de los dos ciudadanos coreanos de residencia permanente el acceso al archipiélago se encuentra relativamente restringido y, en vigilancia las 24 horas por oficiales de la policía nacional surcoreana. La restricción a su acceso ha ido disminuyendo paulatinamente con la emergente actividad turística patrocinada por la propia provincia de Gyeongsang del Norte tanto en sus principales islotes como el territorio marino colindante.

Mapa

Referencias

Enlaces
 Cyber Dokdo History Hall
 Los Hechos Históricos de la disputa de Dokdo/Takeshima entre Corea y Japón por Steve Barber
 La Historia de Dokdo (10 Feb 2007) Fundación de Historia del Noreste Asiático
 Museo de Dokdo en Corea
 Takeshima es territorio japonés: página web del Gobierno de la Prefectura de Shimane, Japón
 La posición japonesa sobre Takeshima, del Ministerio de Exteriores japonés
 LOS 10 PUNTOS PARA ENTENDER EL ASUNTO DE TAKESHIMA (pdf)
 La verdad tras el panfleto sobre Dokdo/Takeshima (Respuesta a "LOS 10 PUNTOS PARA ENTENDER EL ASUNTO DE TAKESHIMA") (pdf)
 Artículo de la Stanford University
 La Disputa Territorial sobre Dokdo

Archipiélagos e islas de Corea del Sur
Archipiélagos e islas del mar de Japón de Japón
Gyeongsang del Norte
Prefectura de Nagasaki
Islas disputadas en Asia
Frontera Corea del Sur-Japón
Formaciones rocosas

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Have you ever taken medicine in the form of a gelatin capsule, or do you or anyone in your family use insulin to treat diabetes? If so, you can thank Col. Eli Lilly and the company he founded in my home state of Indiana.
Born in 1838 in Baltimore, Maryland, to Gustavus and Esther Lilly, Eli moved with his family to Indiana at the age of fourteen. Two years later, after an inspirational trip to an apothecary, he served an apprenticeship under a pharmacist in Lafayette, Indiana, then went on to graduate from Indiana Asbury University (later DePauw University) with a degree in pharmacology.
By 1861 he had married, opened a drug store in Greencastle, Indiana, fathered a son, and, at the outbreak of the Civil War, enlisted in the Union Army. There he formed the 18th Battery, Indiana Light Artillery, which distinguished itself during several important battles in the war. Taken prisoner in 1864, he served the rest of the war in a Confederate prisoner-of-war camp. At war's end, he was awarded the rank of Colonel for his heroism before mustering out.
After the war he attempted an ill-fated cotton plantation venture, but lost interest in it when his wife and unborn son died of malaria. By 1873 he'd remarried and returned to the Midwest. In 1876 he opened a laboratory to manufacture medicines in Indianapolis. With only three employees, including his fourteen-year-old son Josiah, Colonel Lilly committed himself to producing high quality prescription drugs in an era rife with ineffective patent medicines. Among his first innovations were gelatin-coated pills and capsules, fruit-flavoring and sugar-coated pills to make taking medicine easier and more pleasant.
One of the first medicines he produced was quinine to treat malaria, the disease that took his first wife and second son. His business boomed, and as it grew, other family members including a brother, cousin, and grandsons Eli and Josiah joined the business. By the 1880s Lilly had expanded to a complex of manufacturing buildings on the south side of Indianapolis with over a hundred employees and annual sales of $200,000., nearly five million dollars in today's currency.
on the left, and his grandson Eli in the center.
About this time Colonel Lilly handed control of the business to his son and grandsons and focused his energy on philanthropy. He sponsored the forerunner of the United Way, helped to create the Indianapolis Water Company and the Indianapolis Chamber of Commerce. The old soldier also helped raise funds to build the Indiana Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, the iconic statuary that towers over Monument Circle in downtown Indianapolis.
At the turn of the 20th Century, the Eli Lilly Company continued to expand and innovate under Josiah Lilly and his son and Colonel Lilly's namesake, Eli Lilly. In the 1920s Josiah worked with Toronto scientists J.J.R. Macleod, Frederick G. Banting, and Charles H. Best to develop and mass produce insulin. In 1923 insulin sold under the Lilly trade name Lletin became the first commercially available insulin product for the treatment of diabetes in the U.S. The development of Lletin won Banting and Macleod a Nobel Prize and made Lilly one of the major pharmaceutical manufacturers in the world.
Since then, Eli Lilly has remained on the forefront of groundbreaking drug innovations with mass production of penicillin and Merthiolate, an antiseptic and germicide that became standard issue during WII. In the 1950 Lilly introduced new antibiotics and was heavily involved in production and distribution of Jonas Salk's polio vaccine.
In recent decades Lilly has continued to provide a vast array of innovative new drugs to treat a myriad of ills, keeping the company on the cutting edge of pharmaceutical research.
Ramona, thanks for sharing more about Eli Lilly's life. I saw the monument while at the ACFW conference in Indianapolis. Impressive! Now I know more of the man's story who made that possible. And a spoonful of sugar DOES help the medicine go down.
Hi, Pam! Yes, Lilly is a prominent company in Indiana. We Hoosiers kind of take it for granted, but Lilly has influenced the lives of many throughout the world. I hear it's also a great company to work for. Thanks for stopping by!
Hi Ramona, thank you for your interesting post. I think what makes Eli Lilly';s accomplishments even more impressive is that he did all that without government grants and the billions of dollars that goes into today's research. We need more men like him.
Hi, Margaret! You are so right! America could use more entrepreneurs like Colonel Lilly. Thanks for stopping by!
What a testimony to life and the determination to do something for others! Can you imagine Lilly's grief at losing his wife and baby and then failing as a plantation owner. Many would have given up then, but Lilly didn't, and just think how much he made life easier for so many suffering people.
Hi, Vickie! That part of Lilly's story struck me as amazing, too. I'm sure he was crushed, but instead of giving up and allowing his life to fall apart, he used his grief to help others; a wonderful testament to the man's character. Thanks for stopping by!
Thank you for your post, Ramona. I grew up near Lafayette, IN, and had family who worked for Eli Lilly. You shared facts I hadn't known about him, and I found this fascinating.
Hi, Nancy! High Five from one Hoosier to another! :-) Over the years I had heard much of the Lilly Company's innovations and of the foundation's philanthropic efforts, but I, too, learned new facts about the company and its founder while researching this post. The Eli Lilly Company is but another reason to be proud to be a Hoosier. I'm glad you enjoyed the post and thanks for stopping by.
Hi, Sharon! Glad you enjoyed the post, and bless you for being on the front lines of patient care. IMHO, nurses don't get nearly enough praise for the great work that you and all those in your profession do every day.


Inda-Go is proud to help in the development of inner city farming programs like the one located here in the Barrio Logan area of San Diego. These gardens are designed to introduce ecologically sustainable cultivation practices in urban areas. Unlike produce that can be trucked in from thousands of miles away these farms provide jobs and fresh, organic non-gmo produce to the local market.
If you would like to help support our efforts with developing inner city farms like the Barrio Logan Urban Farms we offer these really cool T shirts to the public. All proceeds will go to helping us develop these projects, provide continuing education and to keep our operational costs down.


Titled after the Portuguese word for feather, the "PLUMA" track bike lives up to its namesake with a lightweight body and elegant shape. Designed by Nuno Teixeira Industrial Design, the "PLUMA" concept was dreamt up back in 2010, and after one year in production the first prototype is ready to hit the track. With a carbon sandwich and AIREX R63.80 PCV foam frame, the Pluma Bike sports a curvy physique to help air flow along the bike's body. The streamlined bicycle aims to be feather soft as well as feather light, reducing the number of exposed moving parts and tubes to prevent injurty to the rider in case of a fall. With a PRO track carbon disk rear wheel to mimimize drag, and a PRO 5 spoke carbon track wheel at the front, the curvy ride carries no unnecessary weight. Like the majority of professional velodrome track bikes, PLUMA is a fixed-gear model, and comes without breaks. Nuno Teixeira Industrial Design's elegant bicycle has been taken from render to reality by Constellation Composite, specialists in turning concept transport designs into working physical pieces.


text:
George Phillips Bond (20. svibnja 1825. – 17. veljače 1865.) bio je američki astronom. Bio je sin američkog astronoma Williama Crancha Bonda.

Njemu u čast je asteroid 767 Bondia dobio ime.

Vanjske poveznice
(eng.) The Bonds: Pioneers of American Astronomy

Američki astronomi


text:
Verlhac-Tescou is een gemeente in het Franse departement Tarn-et-Garonne (regio Occitanie) en telt 416 inwoners (2004). De plaats maakt deel uit van het arrondissement Montauban.

Geografie
De oppervlakte van Verlhac-Tescou bedraagt 22,8 km², de bevolkingsdichtheid is 18,2 inwoners per km².

Demografie
Onderstaande figuur toont het verloop van het inwonertal (bron: INSEE-tellingen).

Externe link

Gemeente in Tarn-et-Garonne


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text:
Sustainable Development Goals for Nature
We, the people, are nature and need plants and animals to survive and thrive on this planet.
A healthy biodiversity and balanced ecosystems secure an abundant life on Earth for all.
Can we create this balance without compromising our luxurious lifestyle?
Yes! Learn about the goals
Written by Jess Lohmann and Harkiran Bharij
What are the Sustainable Development Goals?
A total of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to be reached by 2030 were created by the United Nations and adopted by all 193 member states in 2015.
These goals are an urgent call-to-action for all humanity to work together so that we can solve the pressing issues of our time.
According to the World Bank, there are about one billion people that live in extreme poverty and now with COVID-19, an additional 150 million are expected to fall into this category in 2021.
The 17 goals range from solving the challenges of poverty and hunger to improving healthcare, providing quality education, combating inequalities, tackling climate change to establishing world peace and protecting plants and animals.
Goals to inspire action for:
People, Planet, Prosperity, Peace and Partnership!
How well do we know the SDGs?
A World Economic Forum study in 2019 asked almost 20,000 people aged 16 – 74 from 28 countries how familiar they were with the Sustainable Development Goals. An amazing 74% of adults worldwide claimed to be aware of the SDGs. This is a huge improvement from the OECD study done in 2017, which found that between 28 and 45 percent of people globally had heard of the goals.
There were some disparities between countries:
Great Britain and Japan ranked lowest in terms of familiarity.
Over half (51%) of respondents in the United States had not heard of them, despite the country being the home of the UN.
92% of those in Turkey had heard of them.
In China, 90% had heard of the SDGs.
There were also some demographic differences:
Respondents under the age of 35 were the most aware of the SDGs, with 9.6 reporting that they were familiar with them.
Contrastingly, only 6.3% of that aged 35 to 49 and 2% of those aged 50 to 74 had heard of them.
Only 23% of under 35 said that they had never heard of the goals.
Awareness is being spread each and every day!
Which goals have priority?
Respondents were also asked which ones they felt were the most / least important.
Linked to immediate human needs:
SDG 3: Clean Water and Sanitation
SDG 4: Good Health and Wellbeing
Least Important
SDG 10: Reduced Inequality
Did you notice anything?
What about Animals and our Planet?
Unfortunately — and unsurprisingly — none of the nature-related SDGs were mentioned (SDGs 13, 14 and 15) in either category. SDG #7: Affordable and Clean Energy does affect #13: Climate Action and all 17 SDGs are interconnected in many ways.
Still, fact remains: Nature is just not on everyone's minds even though it's what secures our survival on Earth.
Without climate action and the protection of marine life and life on land, we will drive our own species into extinction. Not today or tomorrow, but perhaps sooner than we wish if we don't act.
And even IF #13, #14 or #15 were mentioned, there is still one major oversight. Each goal was developed with an anthropocentric viewpoint, meaning, from a perspective that puts humans above all else.
The goals do not consider the actual wellbeing of non-humans', however, if we reach them, they will positively affect non-human animals and I'll take anything at this point, but in order to survive on this planet, we humans must understand that we are nature and have the huge responsibility to protect our biodiversity by respecting all living organisms.
Remove just one link in the circle of life and an entire ecosystem breaks down.
In this article, Jamie Woodhouse wrote about how to improve the SDGs with so-called "Sentientist Development Goals", so please keep that in mind while reading about each of the 'Goals for Nature' below and on the following pages.
Because if we don't get these three SDGs right, nothing else matters!
A closer look at the SDGs for Nature
Climate change is a result of global warming and refers to a broad range of changes that we have been witnessing for decades but hasn't been on everyone's mind since just recently.
2019 was the warmest year to date on a global scale and the end of the warmest decade. What happened? Massive wildfires, hurricanes, droughts, floods and other climate disasters.
Global temperatures are expected to rise as much as 3.2°C by the end of the century. To help lessen the threat of climate change, the Paris Agreement calls for limiting global warming to 1.5°C by 2030, meaning that greenhouse gases must fall by 7.6% each year!
However, what we're seeing now is 100% attention from our governments to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, fully ignoring the actual crisis of our time.
Learn more about SDG 13: Climate Action
Oceans heal and provide life. They support the global population's economic, social and environmental needs.
If we continue to destroy the marine biodiversity in the current rate, we will witness the massive extinction of many different species, including our own.
Current efforts to protect marine environments are being made, however, they are not yet meeting the urgent need to safeguard these places.
What if we put as much care and compassion into ocean conservation efforts as we are in combating the pandemic?
Learn more about SDG 14: Life Below Water
There are several human activities that are negatively impacting land wildlife:
Wildlife crimes such as poaching, trophy/illegal hunting, stealing, etc., endangers both animal species and humans, including new deadly diseases. 75% of emerging infectious diseases such as COVID-19 and the avian flu are zoonotic, meaning these infections are transmitted from wildlife to people.
Land degradation such as mining, pollution, non-sustainable agriculture, construction, war, etc. is undermining the wellbeing of 3.2 billion people, driving species to extinction and intensifying climate change.
Deforestation remains high due to similar activities as land degradation. Out of 4.06 billion hectares of forest, more than half are subject to management plans.
An unhealthy biodiversity challenges our survival on this planet as well as drives other species into extinction. There's been an increase of extinct species of about 10% over the past three decades
Learn more about SDG 15: Life on Land
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Attention all hams. Be one of 100 lucky winners to receive a commemorative Icom Hamvention® 2018 Swag Kit. Sign up now to be entered into the drawing. This is an at show promotion – so attendance is required to receive the swag kit.* Registration is open until April 27th.
Redeem your swag kit at the Icom booth during Hamvention® show hours.
All 100 winners will receive a claim number prior to the show.
*Prizes must be redeemed in-booth during show hours. Swag kits will not be mailed.
Additional prizes to be awarded at Hamvention® 2018.
Stop by the Icom booth to register for a chance to win Icom radios. Drawings will be held on both Friday and Saturday at 12:00 PM and 3:00 PM. You must be present to claim your prize.
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Impregnating, colourless and also coloured varnish to show up the grains. Waxed effect. It has a satined aspect, and it is antimould, anti bacterial. Ideal for fixtures, doors, windows and various wooden objects.
Impregnating water based, colourless and also coloured varnish to show up the grains. It has a satined aspect, and it is antimould, anti bacterial. Ideal for fixtures, doors, windows and various wooden objects.


Creates a ball of fire that burns your target, doing between 3 and 5 damage.
Cast on You You feel your skin singe as the Burst of Flame hits you.
Cast on Other Someone singes as the Burst of Flame hits them.
This page was last modified on 6 July 2015, at 11:59.


I've been struggling with bouts of my depression "coming back" to haunt me and take over my life. I don't think we ever fully recover from depression; I think we just live with it better.
I was reading Peter Kreeft's The Three Philosophies of Life and I came across this text that spoke directly to the inner demons inside of me.
Father Raymond Nogar refers to God as "Lord of the Absurd", as compared to and distinct from the comfortable and convenient God of our own expectations and categorizations.
Prayers today for those who are going through depression or episodes/bouts of depressive moods. I pray that we will be graced with the strength to trudge on, the faith to cling on to the hope that there is something beyond us. Just because we cannot perceive the glory that awaits us in heaven, doesn't mean it's not there.


Hiring new employees is an important and exciting part of every business, whether you're growing 1 employee at a time, or hiring a whole team at once. By the time your new hires begin, the HR paperwork and administration has been completed, but have you overlooked payroll compliance?
Employee personal data must be accurate and properly stored and protected under the new GDPR regulations, adding new complexity for managing payroll.
Auto-enrolment, tax codes, salary information, and bank accounts must also be carefully verified to ensure accurate payroll.
If you pay employees overtime, reimburse expenses, or have high levels of turnover, your payroll compliance is more complicated and should be audited more regularly.
Automating your payroll is one step to help manage payroll compliance. Online software tools can make payroll simple to manage, and reduce administration time for your team. Look for solutions that can automate the collection of data, provide monthly reporting, and handle auto-enrolment and HMRC filings. Your finance or HR team managing payroll will be able to focus on strategic company initiatives when they don't have to worry about auditing payroll.
Adding complexity to payroll and compliance this year is GDPR; your email procedures for providing payslips to employees will no longer be acceptable, so make sure you have a secure plan in place to avoid non-compliance. Fines and penalties are extreme (£20 million) and employees can report companies for mismanaging personal data.


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Q: Application of the pigeon hole principle There's a problem in my textbook that I'm having difficulties understanding. The solution given skips steps and is hard to decipher. The problem is as follows:
"During a month with 30 days, a baseball team plays at least one game a day, but no more than 45 games. Show that there must be a period of some number of consecutive days during which the team must play exactly 14 games."
I don't know how to arrive at the conclusion of 14 games. Anyone who can help me understand this application of the pigeon-hole principle would be greatly appreciated, thank you.

A: Let $f(n)$ be the number of games played within the first $n$ days. Then we know that $f(0)=0$, $f(30)\le 45$ and $f(k+1)\ge f(k)+1$ for $0\le k<30$.
If we can find $0\le i<j\le 30$ with $f(j)=f(i)+14$, this means that on days $i+1,\ldots, j$ a total of $14$ games are played and we are done.
Let $g(k)$ be the remainder of $f(k)$ modulo $14$. Then one of the $14$ possible values must occur at least $3$ times because $2\cdot 14<31$. So there are numbers $0\le a<b<c\le 30$ with $g(a)=g(b)=g(c)$. Then $f(b)-f(a)$ and $f(c)-f(b)$ are both multiples of $14$ and are both positive. If neither of them equals $14$, then $f(c)-f(b)\ge 28$ and $f(b)-f(a)\ge 28$ so that $f(c)\ge 56+f(a)\ge56$, which is absurd. We conclude that $f(b)-f(a)=14$ or $f(c)-f(b)=14$ (or both).
Remark: The problem statement is not "tight" in the following sense: The above solution works also if we allow up to $55$ games during the month; or alternatively if we replaced $14$ with any number $\in\{12,\ldots,15\}$.

A: For $k=0$ through $30$ let $g_k$ be the total number of games played up through day $k$. Then
$$0=g_0<g_1<g_2<\ldots<g_{30}\le 45\;.$$
Now let $h_k=g_k+14$ for $k=0,\ldots,29$, so that
$$14=h_0<h_1<h_2<\ldots<h_{29}=g_{29}+14<g_{30}+14\le 45+14=59\;.$$
Note that $g_1\ge 1$, and $h_{29}\le 58$.
If we can find $k$ and $\ell$ such that $h_k=g_\ell$, we're in business, because then $g_k+14=g_\ell$, meaning that $14$ games are played on days $k+1$ through $\ell$.
There are $30$ different numbers $h_0,\ldots,h_{29}$, all lying in the range from $14$ through $58$ inclusive, and $30$ different numbers $g_1,\ldots,g_{30}$, all lying in the range from $1$ through $45$ inclusive. Altogether, then, we have $60$ numbers in the range from $1$ through $58$, and the pigeonhole principle ensures that at least two of them must be the same. The numbers $h_k$ are all distinct, and the numbers $g_\ell$ are all distinct, so some $h_k$ must be equal to some $g_\ell$: there must be $k$ and $\ell$ such that $h_k=g_\ell$.

A: Let $\{a_i\}_{i = 0}^{30}$ denote the number of games up until and including the $i$-th day of the month (put $a_0 = 0$). Given the conditions of the task, $\{a_i\}$ is an increasing sequence with all members distinct and $0 \leq a_i \leq 45$.
Now, consider the sequence $\{a_i + 14\}_{i = 1}^{30}$ (add $14$ to every member of the original sequence). It is also increasing with all members distinct, but with $14 \leq a_i + 14 \leq 59$. Together these sequences consist of $62$ integers between $0$ and $59$, so by the pigeonhole principle, two of them must be equal.
Since both the sequences $\{a_i\}$ and $\{a_i + 14\}$ have distinct members, there must be indices $j$ and $k$ with $j \ne k$ such that $a_j = a_k + 14$. This means that 14 games were played in the period between the $(k + 1)$-st and the $j$-th day.

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Tumbled Lapis Lazuli (Wrapped) Pendant (India) - These are Tumbled Lapis Lazuli (Wrapped) Pendants from India are beautifully wire-wrapped with silver-plated wire and attached to an 18" cotton cord with a lobster clasp. These Lapis Lazuli pendants look great and can also help support you throughout your day.
Metaphysically, Lapis Lazuli is good for balancing the Throat Chakra. Lapis reminds us of the power of the spoken word, fosters full verbal expression, and clears problems caused by "swallowing your tongue." Lapis encourages clear expression when sharing information with others, including easier communication of anger. Lapiz Lazuli helps you to find your voice in any situation and to help you to speak up for yourself. This makes these Lapis Lazuli pieces perfect to use as pendants worn around your neck!


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9/25 (NFL Refmageddon) Quickie
"One of the great disgraces in NFL history." That's not me. That's not "instant history" hysterics. That is SI's Peter King, dean of NFL writers, succinctly capturing last night's Packers-Seahawks ending that can only be described as the NFL's "Refmageddon" -- just about the worst-case scenario that could have been imagined.
For a quick look at the very best takes on it -- updated throughout the day -- check out Quickish.
It WAS a disgrace. And it did set the (sports) internet on fire. And it does crystallize the entire "replacement refs" situation in the NFL. And it is a massive humiliation for Roger Goodell.
But probably the only question that really matters: Will it change anything?
Will Goodell fold? And what happens when he doesn't and even more fans tune in for next week's games? What happens when he doesn't and the media -- enraged to be reminded that they have no real power -- doubles down on its outrage? What happens when he doesn't and the players all but revolt next week? What happens when he doesn't and nothing happens next week, because it can't possibly get worse than it is this morning?
But what happens if Goodell does fold? I think the Commissioner is way more attuned to that than you might think -- part of a hard-line negotiating stance (one that I don't support, btw) is that you can't fold, even if you hit a worst-case scenario. Folding now sets up Goodell and the NFL owners as a group that will buckle under the toughest pressure for the next labor dispute. Don't think he doesn't understand that.
Goodell should fold. But will he? And what if he doesn't?
Those are the dynamics I'm paying attention to today.
9/29 (CFB Craziness) Quickie
9/28 (Weekend) Quickie
9/27 (Real Refs Return) Quickie
9/24 (NFL Week 3 Hangover) Quickie
9/23 (CFB Hangover) Quickie


Un groupe de chercheurs, utilisant le télescope de 10 mètres de l'Observatoire W.M. Keck (Hawaii), ont découvert un corps planétaire possiblement recouvert de calcaire et dont les couches superficielles sont érodées par son étoile désormais morte. En effet, en plus d'appliquer une méthode relativement nouvelle permettant de déterminer la composition chimique des planètes afin d'examiner leur structure interne, l'équipe a constaté que le matériel rocheux accrété par l'étoile morte pourrait être composé de minéraux qui sont généralement associés à des processus de la vie marine sur Terre. L'équipe – composée de Carl Melis de l'Université de Californie à San Diego, et Patrick Dufour du Centre de recherche en astrophysique du Québec (CRAQ) de l'Université de Montréal – annonce ses conclusions à l'occasion de la 228e rencontre de l'American Astronomical Society, qui se tient cette semaine à San Diego.
A group of researchers using the W. M. Keck Observatory have discovered a planet-like body that may have been encrusted in limestone and is having its surface layers devoured by its deceased host star. In addition to extending a relatively new method of determining the chemical composition of planets to examine their internal structure, the team found that the rocky material being accreted by the star could be comprised of minerals that are typically associated with marine life processes here on Earth. The team — comprised of Carl Melis of University of California, San Diego, and Patrick Dufour of the Université de Montréal — is announcing their findings at the 228th meeting of the American Astronomical Society this week.
Building on past observations of the white dwarf called SDSS J1043+0855 (the dead core of a star that originally was a few times the mass of the Sun), which has been known to be gobbling up rocky material in its orbit for almost a decade, the team used Keck Observatory's HIRES instrument fitted to the 10-meter Keck I telescope as well as data from the Hubble Space Telescope to measure and characterize the material being accreted by the star.
What they found is that the white dwarf appears to be accreting the outermost layers of a differentiated, rocky extrasolar body (i.e., the surface of a massive, planet-like object) from its extant planetary system.
This may be the single best tool astronomers have to determine the chemical composition of planets, according to Luca Rizzi, Support Astronomer at Keck Observatory.
The researchers' finding shows that SDSS J1043+0855 is accreting the surface of a body that has large enhancements of carbon. This feature — combined with mild enhancements of calcium and oxygen — points to the possibility of the material coming in the form of calcium-carbonate, a mineral that is often associated with shelled marine organisms here on Earth. Calcium-carbonate is attractive as a mineral constituent of this planet-like body as incorporating and entraining carbon in rocky objects (especially their surfaces) is difficult. The terrestrial planets in our solar system are said to live in a "carbon desert" since they are so heavily depleted in this element — the planetary surface being accreted by this white dwarf star could have as much as several hundred times more carbon than the surface of the Earth.
Non-biological processes can produce calcium-carbonate too, so its presence isn't necessarily a smoking gun, even if it is confirmed. "There's a lot of hoops to jump through before we can settle on the conclusion that life was involved in what we are observing," Dufour said.
Specifically, the inferred presence of calcium-carbonate came from examining the atomic leftovers of the planet accretion event in the atmosphere of the white dwarf star — after the presumed dust from the planet's demolished surface was consumed by the white dwarf. The next step will be to look at the dust in a mineral state before it falls into the star, to both confirm its composition and to measure its concentration.
"Future observations with the James Webb Space Telescope can confirm calcium-carbonate if it is present. If we are able to get to that point, then you have to ask: Is there enough there for it to be produced with natural processes?" Melis said.
While the presence of the calcium-carbonate is still in question, the paper shows strong evidence that the accreted material is almost certainly coming from the outer layers of a planet-like object and that white dwarf stars hold promise in informing on the structure of planets outside of the solar system.
"The Surface of a Limestone-Rich World?" Carl Melis & Patrick Dufour, 2016 June, paper 201.03, 228th AAS meeting, San Diego, California [https://aas.org/meetings/aas228].