News and updates about Kansas City's GAA club.
The Red Branch sent six members to be trained in Chicago for the coach and referee clinic that was a might success. The Red Branch praise the Chicago Board, the NAGAA and the Munster Council for organising the excellent clinic.
The Red Branch now have four certified foundation level coaches and two trained (uncertified) refs.
Saint Patricks Day events were a great success for the Red Branch. The club had an excellent time marching with the Father Donnelly AOH. We owe a huge thanks to the AOH for allowing us to walk with them and for promoting our club through their loudspeakers. We also thank Channel 9 News for broadcasting the parade on TV -- Red Branch members included.
Look in Wednesday Magazine, available in the Waldo Area, Brookside, UMKC and other areas of south KC. The Red Branch are on the cover of the newest issue and we were delighted not only to be in print, but with the quality and sympathy of the article. It was an excellent piece that gave the club wonderful converage. Go raibh maith agaibh, Wednesday!!
The Red Branch GFC will be in attendance at the Shawnee parade for the second year in a row. This is a more relaxed parade and a great way to get excited about the holiday. We hope to see all our members and supporters our there!
If you wish to march with us, please meet at Gillham Park (39th & Gillham) at 11:00 am on Sunday morning. We'll be departing from the park by 11:30 to meet at the Club Chair's home.
The Red Branch will be once again be marching in the St Patricks Day Parade. This year the Club will share banners with the Fr Donnelly AOH. The AOH will have a firetruck and a colourguard, which will both include members of the Red Branch. The Club's Vice-chair will be happyily carrying the Tricolour during this years brief march.
Join the men and women of the KC Red Branch Gaelic Football Club for their pre-season meeting. The meeting will cover: club officers, fundraisers, new uniforms, the new season and upcoming events.
Information about Gaelic Football will be available for all who are interested. No Gaelic Football experience necessary. This is a great chance for people new to Football to get involved. All are welcome for planning and fun, we hope to see you there!
The meeting is scheduled for Thursday, February 3rd at O'Dowd's Little Dublin Pub, 6pm.
A team of St Louis hurlers new to football defeated a decimated KC side. The Kansas City Red Branch were low due to illnesses in their ranks, but managed to make an appearance.
The powerful St Louis side defeated the scrappy Kansascitians, although the Branch managed to take two goals in the match.
More of the KC-STL rivalry to be reported soon. . .
The Red Branch will play the newly-formed St Louis GFC.
The St Louis hurling club are an already well-established club of veteran players, but football will be a new venture for the club.
Both Missouri teams look forward to facing off and having a good time in the Gateway City.
The KC GFC are currently planning a "compromise rules" series with Kansas City's own Australian Rules Football Club, the Power. The series is tentatively scheduled for November; more details will be made available soon!
The compromise series has been played between Ireland and Australia for more than fifty years. The game is an exciting hybrid that crosses the physicality of Aussie Rules with the skill of Gaelic Football.
The Red Branch will be out in force for the Grand Opening party of McCabe's Fine Wines & Spirits, located across from the Kanas Speedway (for more info, see McCabe's site on Sponsor's Page). The party is scheduled for September 26th.
The Elders will be on hand to entertain the crowd who will have a great time choosing from the incredible selection at the fine store! Party is set for noon, so you'll have all day to visit the Red Branch table, enjoy the drinks and music.
The Kansas City Red Branch took part in the NAGAA Championships over Labor Day weekend and had a great time. Although the club only took third, it was their first championship and all the boys had a wonderful time.
Over 60 clubs competed in men's football, hurling, ladies football and camogie. Youth clubs also competed for championships. Although many matches were not very balanced, the final match was a great game and close with the Chicago St Brendan's taking home the prize in senior football, for a score of 2-14 to San Fran's Sons of Boru's 2-9.
The KC club also enjoyed the experience of officiating the men's junior championship between Charlotte and Phoenix as it was a great experience for the members.
Exciting groundwork was laid as the KC club have organised a follow up with St Louis towards forming a joint Missouri-Kansas men's football panel.
The Denver Gaels Club deserve great recognition for their efforts and are a true credit to the GAA!
The Kansas City Red Branch would especially like to thank their wonderful sponsors -- without their support the trip would not have been possible!
Aidan O'Sullivan of University College Dublin will be speaking May 1 on the subject of Early Medieval Life in Ireland. The event will be held at 9401 Mission Rd OPK at 2pm. Admission price is $5.
In October 2005, the Red Branch will co-host Danny Murphy, Secretary of the Ulster GAA in a speaking engagement in Kansas City. This event is being initiated by the Irish Speakers Series who asked the Red Branch to get involved, which the club is honoured to do.
According to the press release, Danny Murphy played both hurling and football since his youth, is a member of the Burren Club and has been involved in the administration of the GAA since 1967. His speech will no doubt be an exciting introduction to the beauty of Gaelic Games and their proud history.
Slán go fóill - - Goodbye for now!


text:
Feed 'Em All: Metallica Uses World Tour To Raise Thousands For Food Banks
By Jon Brooks - December 10, 2018
Metallica may be known as being one of the pioneers of the U.S. heavy metal scene and one of the most successful bands ever, but they've also been known to use their talents to help those less fortunate.
Such has been the case with the band's WorldWired tour, which has been going on in support of Metallica's latest album, Hardwired…to Self Destruct. On every North American stop of the band's massive tour, they have been donating to local foodbanks, with part of each ticket sold going to the effort to help feed the hungry.
Recently, the band's $10,000 donation to the Utah Food Bank would equal "enough to provide 30,000 meals to Utahns facing hunger," according to the charity. Similar donations have been made at each of the other stops on the tour.
That's not all, either. The members of the band have all spent time living in California in the present or past and clearly feel for what the state has gone through with all of the recent wildfires. As such, they donated $50,000 to benefit the state's wildfire victims earlier this month.
The band is characteristically humble about their efforts to help out local foodbanks through the All Within My Hands Foundation. In a recent Twitter post about the band's donation to the Idaho Food Bank, the band actually credited its fans, redirecting the attention from themselves in the process.
"A big thank you to all the fans at #MetInBoise tonight," the Twitter post read. "A portion of every ticket purchased helped raise this money for the @IdahoFoodbank, supporting them in their quest to create a hunger-free Idaho."
The All Within My Hands Foundation was created in February of 2017 as a way to "assist and enrich the lives of members of the communities who have supported the band for years, as well as encourage participation from fans and friends," according to the band's official page for the foundation.
Tiny Forests Are Popping up All Around Europe to Help Restore Biodiversity
We live in a modern world, and while this modern world has provided us with all kinds of technology ...
New Report Suggests Believing In God Could Help Combat Type 2 Diabetes
A controversial new report suggests that believing in God could be a vital way of combatting type 2 ...
NASA's Juno Spacecraft Is On A Mission To Orbit Jupiter
NASA's spacecraft Juno went into space nearly five years ago and has now begun its orbit around ...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
FDA Issues Draft Guidance Distinguishing Remanufacturing from Servicing
June 25, 2021By McKenzie E. Cato —
On June 18th, FDA published a draft guidance document titled Remanufacturing of Medical Devices, which has been several years in the making. The draft guidance distinguishes between "remanufacturing" and "servicing" of devices. This distinction can be critical, due to the significantly increased regulatory requirements that apply to a device remanufacturer compared to a device servicer.
In 2016, FDA opened a docket seeking comments on "service, maintenance, refurbishment, and alteration of medical devices" by third parties (see our blog post here). Two years later, in 2018, FDA issued a Report on the Quality, Safety, and Effectiveness of Servicing of Medical Devices (see our blog post here). The 2018 report listed several planned actions by the Agency, one of which was to clarify the difference between servicing and remanufacturing. The new remanufacturing draft guidance appears to be the result of this action item in the 2018 servicing report.
A remanufacturer is defined in FDA's Quality System Regulation (QSR) as "any person who processes, conditions, renovates, repackages, restores, or does any other act to a finished device that significantly changes the device's performance or safety specifications, or intended use." 21 C.F.R. § 820.3(w). "Remanufacturing" is also included in the definition of "manufacturer" in the regulations. Id. § 820.3(o). Because a remanufacturer is defined as a type of manufacturer in the QSR, a remanufacturer must comply with all of the stringent regulatory requirements that apply to a device manufacturer including design controls, production and process controls, complaint handling, and more.
In contrast, a device servicer is not a device manufacturer and, therefore, need not comply with the QSR. "Service" is defined in the draft guidance as "repair and/or preventive or routine maintenance of one or more parts on a finished device, after distribution, for purposes of returning it to the safety and performance specifications established by the [original equipment manufacturer (OEM)] and to meet its original use." According to the draft guidance, servicing excludes activities that significantly change a finished device's safety or performance specifications or intended use, which would instead fall within the definition of remanufacturing.
Both the 2018 servicing report and the draft guidance note that the majority of complaints and comments received by FDA on inadequate "servicing" that caused or contributed to adverse events or deaths were actually remanufacturing activities. The draft guidance includes a framework and decision-making flow chart that can be used to distinguish servicing from remanufacturing, and in turn, properly identify the regulatory requirements that apply to the activity.
The draft guidance begins with several "guiding principles" that FDA recommends applying in assessing whether an activity is remanufacturing or servicing:
assessing whether there is a change to the intended use;
determining whether the activities, individually or cumulatively, significantly change the safety or performance specifications of the finished device;
evaluating whether any change to a device would otherwise require a new marketing submission (e.g., in accordance with FDA's guidance on Deciding When to Submit a 510(k) for a Change to an Existing Device);
assessing changes to dimensional and performance specifications, including to components, parts, or materials;
employing a risk-based approach (e.g., in conformance with ISO 14971) to assess whether an activity is significantly changes performance or safety specifications and therefore should be considered remanufacturing; and
adequately documenting decision-making to help justify decision-making in the event that an inspection is conducted by FDA or the entity's rationale is otherwise requested by FDA.
FDA defines a "significant change to device performance or safety specifications," which would be considered remanufacturing, to be a change that, "based on verification and validation testing and/or a risk-based assessment, results in a finished device that is outside the OEM's performance or safety specifications or introduces new risks or significantly modifies existing risks." The draft guidance identifies certain types of activities that FDA believes significantly change the legally marketed device's performance or safety specifications: changes to the device's sterilization methods; changes to the device's reprocessing instructions; and changes to the device's control mechanism, operating principle, or energy type.
The draft guidance includes a decision-making flowchart to assess whether a modification to a finished device would be considered remanufacturing. The flowchart is meant to be used only after an entity has determined that a modification to a device does not significantly change the intended use of a device, because a significant change to the intended use of a finished device would likely be considered remanufacturing. The flowchart includes questions on adding, removing, or changing a component, part, or material, and assessing whether there are any new or modified risks or significant changes to performance or safety specifications. If any modification to a finished device is a significant change to a device performance or safety specification, the modification is considered remanufacturing.
While the flowchart provides a helpful framework for assessing device modifications, it is very high-level and lacking in detail, so a close read of the illustrative examples and definitions provided in the draft guidance would be required to adequately assess whether a modification constitutes remanufacturing.
The draft guidance recommends that entities performing servicing activities document their decisions that an activity is not remanufacturing in internal memoranda. This documentation can be used to justify or explain an entity's decision-making in the event of an FDA inspection or other request from the Agency. In an appendix to the draft guidance, FDA provides some helpful examples of the type of information that should be included in such an internal memo.
Now that there is more specific guidance from FDA on what distinguishes servicing from remanufacturing, though only a draft guidance, entities that routinely perform servicing activities should consider implementing a procedure to assess whether an activity significantly changes a device's intended use or specifications such that it meets the definition of remanufacturing. Such a procedure could include the decision-making flowchart in FDA's draft guidance and a template form for documentation of decision-making consistent with the examples in the draft guidance.
Interested parties have until August 23, 2021, to comment on the draft guidance.
Categories: Medical Devices


text:
Teddy Thomas (Biarritz, 18 de septiembre de 1993) es un jugador francés de rugby que se desempeña como wing.

Carrera
Comenzó su carrera profesional con el club Biarritz Olympique en 2012 y jugó hasta 2014 cuando fue transferido al importante Racing 92, continúa en él desde entonces y es titular del equipo.

Selección nacional
Fue convocado a Les Bleus por primera vez en noviembre de 2014 para enfrentar a los Fliying Fijians y en este partido contribuyó a la goleada francesa con tres tries, anotando uno antes del primer minuto de juego. Desde entonces ha jugado 10 partidos y marcado 40 puntos, productos de ocho tries.

Palmarés
 Campeón del Top 14 2015–16.

Referencias

Personas de Bayona (Francia)
Jugadores de rugby de Francia
Jugadores de la selección de rugby de Francia
Nacidos en Biarritz

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Pity for the USA
By kallend, April 27, 2020 in Speakers Corner
DJL 231
On 5/10/2020 at 10:09 AM, gowlerk said:
In 1968 the people were finally getting through to the politicians that the war in SE Asia and the draft was no longer acceptable. The black community was finally getting through to white society that they would no longer tolerate the treatment they were receiving. America was not on the verge of collapse, it was on the verge of one of its greatest periods ever.
I think you just shined a mirror on his values.
gowlerk 654
33 minutes ago, DJL said:
It was pretty easy considering how he just displayed them. People were also very divided at that period of time. Maybe even more than now. Because real change was "blowin' in the wind".
wolfriverjoe 380
16 minutes ago, gowlerk said:
There's also the reality that racism wasn't hidden back then.
It was socially acceptable to, say, stand on the steps of a school and proclaim that no black person will ever walk through these doors.
That sort of thing went out of fashion for a long time.
But it never went away.
One thing the Mango Mussolini did was give those people permission to climb out of their caves and crawl out from under their rocks and give voice to their hatred & bigotry.
Those people who were utterly enraged by the idea that one of 'those people' was in the White House.
Its one of the reasons he has such strong approval from a dedicated minority.
airdvr 94
I should just ignore those posts but I cant' really so I'll just say fuck off.
olofscience 69
May 12, 2020 (edited)
10 hours ago, airdvr said:
No argument? Probably because it's true.
I knew an elderly man in our building, extremely right wing, conspiracy theorist, Brexit supporter, Trump supporter and all that. Listening to him I started to realise that a lot of his complaints centred around his life pretty much staying the same as in the 70s, but when he saw the lives of ethnic minorities and people in developing countries start to improve, he thought he was falling behind and that made him really angry.
Airdvr, you're not falling behind if that's what you're thinking. A rising tide floats all boats. You'll just have to get used to a bit more equality.
Edited May 12, 2020 by olofscience
Phil1111 166
1 hour ago, olofscience said:
You're focusing on the core rationale of populist supporters. A penny in taxes goes directly to Black, Brown, immigrants who all freeload on the state. Helping corporations with bailouts, nuclear carrier battle groups on the other had are conditioned into thinking as necessary.
The concept of a common good of all citizens that exists in the Nordic countries is just communism.
1 hour ago, Phil1111 said:
Commonly expressed more simply in the UK as "I've got mine Jack".
jakee 327
I'm alright Jack.
"I've got mine" sounds much more American.
Edited May 12, 2020 by jakee
4 minutes ago, jakee said:
I have confused and then mixed my cultures. You are of course correct.
normiss 249
Don't get your knickers in a twist over it.
kallend 441
1 hour ago, jakee said:
13 hours ago, olofscience said:
So what you're saying is people need to be assassinated in order for their to be change to the good? M'kay.
7 hours ago, airdvr said:
You're going to need to explain how you managed to reach that conclusion.
On 5/11/2020 at 10:28 AM, DJL said:
Well, in trying to convince me that 1968 was a great time he must have missed the assassinations.
And, I don't recall the 70's being all that great here either.
wmw999 476
If you were African American the 70's beat the 60's most of the time. Likewise if you were a woman who didn't aspire to marry and start having babies ASAP. Many more choices in life, much more self-determination, for both.
29 minutes ago, airdvr said:
Your claim was that America was "on the verge of collapse". I'm not sure about anything in the arc of your life, but from where I sit (just north of North Dakota), both here and in Canada that period includes some of the most exciting and dynamic developments in history.
I don't recall trying to convince you that 68 was 'great'.
Just that we weren't closer to the 'verge of collapse' than we are now.
Besides, 68 saw man reach the moon (not land on it, but get there).
It also was the year of the Shelby Mustang GT 500 KR edition.
billvon 549
Right. And he's saying that he wants innocent children to die. That's the only reasonable interpretation of his words.
Rick 63
In 1968 the people were finally getting through to the politicians that the war in SE Asia and the draft was no longer acceptable. The black community was finally getting through to white society that they would no longer tolerate the treatment they were receiving.
and the Tigers won the world series
So you believe the civil rights act brought the country to the verge of collapse?
No...I'm saying the assassinations and subsequent rioting was tearing the country apart. How many died in the riots?
Your attempt to paint me as a racist won't work, so you might as well stop.
27 minutes ago, Rick said:
Denny McClean if I remember correctly.
7 minutes ago, airdvr said:
Your associations put the primer on and your refusals to either separate yourself or condemn the actions are the paint.
You tried to say that Olof supported assassinations - something neither of you had even mentioned - because he said '68 wasn't so bad. If you want to stick to that argument you're going to have to accept that it applies equally to you, and if you think '68 was so bad you must be opposed to the civil rights act, even though you hadn't mentioned it and there was no indication you were talking about it.
I'm not trying to paint you as a racist, I;m trying to paint you as a guy who is using absurdly bad logic.
Coreece 137
On that note, Al Kaline just died last month.


text:
HomeOpinionMarouane Fellaini proving his worth to Man Utd
Marouane Fellaini proving his worth to Man Utd
December 2, 2014 Jordan Street Opinion 0
Marouane Fellaini made the deadline day move to Manchester United over a year ago now, for a then expensive £27.5m when David Moyes was in charge. The big Belgian struggled to make any kind of impact at all under Moyes, and his confidence looked bereft from minute one. This season however, he seems to be playing like a man possessed.
He started life under Louis van Gaal off with his first United goal in a pre-season friendly. Sadly he picked up an injury before the Premier League started proper, but he returned to the fold off the bench against West Brom. Within minutes he found himself on the scoresheet with an absolute thunderbolt of a strike, he shifted the ball to the side before ripping it past a helpless West Brom keeper.
Since that game he's started every time, putting in wonderful performances one after the other. He's winning tackles, winning headers and making good forward passes. He's doing what we all expected of him last year but for some reason he just couldn't do it. Louis van Gaal seems to have given him a new lease of life and a clean slate like he promised to every player.
Even the fans are coming round to the 27-year old. That game against Valencia was met with ironic cheers when he took to the field, and he shut them up straight away by scoring that day. Since then he's been as solid as a rock in our midfield, and arguably our most consistent player of the season over the past month or so.
Should Fellaini start against Stoke tonight? Leave your thoughts in the comment box below.
Follow Old Trafford Faithful on Twitter for more Manchester United news.
PICTURE: Manchester United getting in the Christmas spirit
Man Utd have the loudest fans & Old Trafford the noisiest stadium
Fenerbahce show serious interest in Man United man, 18-month contract on the table: report
January 3, 2019 Jordan Street Transfer News 0
Manchester United are enjoying life under Ole Gunnar Solskjaer, with the Red Devils playing a free-flowing, attacking style which is just brilliant to see. One player who has seemingly fallen out-of-favour under the Norwegian is […]
PICTURE: Three Reds feature in WhoScored's drop in ratings XI
May 1, 2014 Jordan Street Picture 0
It has certainly been a season to forget for Manchester United fans, with many of our highest paid superstars largely under-performing throughout the season. The stat men at WhoScored, have come up with this starting […]
Marouane Fellaini reacts to signing new Manchester United contract, thanks Mourinho
June 29, 2018 Jordan Street Twitter Talk 0
Earlier today, the news broke that Marouane Fellaini had signed a new two-year deal at Manchester United. The 30-year-old had been in the midst of a transfer saga that rumbled on for months, with the […]


Dress and small person in candy corn :D candy corn onesie how‐to on The Swell Life.
Make roses with autumn leaves. How‐to on Design Sponge.
Very cool if one knows of a glass shop that is able cut wine bottles in half. A set of these would make a great gift! I'm not a fan of wine, but I used to have a collection of empty bottles because I love the colours of them, especially when the sunlight is streaming through. Spotted on Family Chic.
I love the delicate, woven texture of this. Tutorial (including instruction for the cardboard weaving device that created this) on Greeneyed Monster.
A washer, some pretty paper, some diamond glaze (I saw that Mod Podge makes a "dimensional glaze" that works the same way, have to get myself a bottle!) and we have a pretty necklace! How‐to on Little Birdie Secrets.
Prettiest pleated skirt I've seen. Might work with the fabric from my discarded duvet cover… hmm. Tutorial on Grand Revival Designs.
And a sweet ending with a tutorial for homemade rock candy from Gluesticks!
Great finds! Especially love the candy corn creature.
oooh! i have to look up how it's done! thank you, Lina!


A passive infrared night vision system optional on the 530e helps the driver to more easily detect people, animals or other objects in front of the vehicle at night. Using an infrared camera to detect heat, the system then displays the image on a monitor in the dashboard. The LS Series doesn't offer a night vision system.
Both the 530e and the LS Series have standard driver and passenger frontal airbags, front side-impact airbags, side-impact head airbags, front seatbelt pretensioners, four-wheel antilock brakes, traction control, electronic stability systems to prevent skidding, crash mitigating brakes, post-collision automatic braking systems, daytime running lights, lane departure warning systems, blind spot warning systems, rearview cameras, rear cross-path warning, driver alert monitors, available all wheel drive and around view monitors.
For its top level performance in IIHS driver and passenger-side small overlap frontal, moderate overlap frontal, side impact, roof strength and head restraint tests, with its optional front crash prevention system, and its headlight's "Good" rating, the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety grants the 530e its highest rating: "Top Pick Plus" for 2019, a rating granted to only 36 vehicles tested by the IIHS. The LS Series has not been tested, yet.
The 530e's corrosion warranty is 6 years longer than the LS Series' (12 vs. 6 years).
BMW pays for scheduled maintenance on the 530e for 3 years and 36,000 miles. BMW will pay for oil changes, lubrication and any other required maintenance. Lexus only pays for the first scheduled maintenance visit on the LS Series.
There are over 43 percent more BMW dealers than there are Lexus dealers, which makes it easier should you ever need service under the 530e's warranty.
The 530e can drive on battery power alone for up to 16 miles. The LS Series must run its internal combustion engine to move.
The 530e's launch control uses engine electronics to hold engine RPM's precisely in order to provide the most stable and rapid acceleration possible, using all of the available traction. The LS Series doesn't offer launch control.
The 530e's tires provide better handling because they have a lower 45 series profile (height to width ratio) that provides a stiffer sidewall than the LS Series' standard 50 series tires.
The 530e handles at .85 G's, while the LS 500h AWD pulls only .80 G's of cornering force in a Motor Trend skidpad test.
The 530e executes Motor Trend's "Figure Eight" maneuver quicker than the LS 500h AWD (26.6 seconds @ .67 average G's vs. 27 seconds @ .65 average G's).
The BMW 530e may be more efficient, handle and accelerate better because it weighs about 400 to 700 pounds less than the Lexus LS Series.
The 530e is 11.5 inches shorter than the LS Series, making the 530e easier to handle, maneuver and park in tight spaces.
The design of the BMW 530e amounts to more than styling. The 530e has an aerodynamic coefficient of drag of .26 Cd. That is lower than the LS Series (.27 to .3) and many sports cars. A more efficient exterior helps keep the interior quieter and helps the 530e get better fuel mileage.
The front grille of the 530e uses electronically controlled shutters to close off airflow and reduce drag when less engine cooling is needed. This helps improve highway fuel economy. The LS Series doesn't offer active grille shutters.
The 530e has 1.5 inches more front headroom, .4 inches more front legroom and .2 inches more rear headroom than the LS Series.
The 530e's standard rear seats fold to accommodate long and bulky cargo. The LS Series doesn't offer folding rear seats.
The 530e's optional Parking Assistant can parallel park or back into a parking spot by itself, with the driver only controlling speed with the brake pedal. The LS Series doesn't offer an automated parking system.


NOG has arrived at a 10% drop. In my previous analysis, I assumed a 10% fall in the next day. This is technically caused by a low ATR passing through the center of a wave axis. In the coming days, I expect a 20% increase. The target price is 3.17 usd. A small sidewall in the yellow rectangle cannot be excluded.
NOG before 10% reduction in the short term. The exchange rate shows signs of weakening. Therefore, in a few days' time, I assume that it falls back into the rectangle marked with the yellow line and begins to move sideways. After accumulating, I expect an outbreak of 3.02 usd target.
The exchange rate builds a double wave structure. The second wave is under construction. Target price 3,36usd.
The exchange began to build a rising wave structure. The structure is a double wave structure, the second wave of which can be accelerated. We expect the first wave to rise to 2.99 usd. Then corrective movement can occur. The size of the second wave structure is twice that of its first size. The target price is 4.45 usd. 95% increase from the current level.
NOG next target price 4.8 usd The exchange rate reached the lower part of its correction level. If you are able to turn from this level and rise again, then the next target price level is 4.8usd.
NOG decrease is over, fractal continuation.
The exchange rate fractal movement. Currently, the exchange rate is the first fractal mapping. In this case, we do not expect a further reduction in the exchange rate. The end of the correction level may be 0.26 usd. The target price of the exchange is 8 usd.
The exchange rate continues to run as an elementary course. We are still on the rise. The current correction wave started with 0.3 usd higher. As the size of the correction wave still remains unchanged, we expect the bottom of the correction to be 4.13 usd. We expect a further increase from this level. The next rising wave structure may be 5.2 usd.


The MYLE Pod System Basic Kit was designed in Italy by MYLE Vapor with simplicity and style in mind. The MYLE is an ultra compact pod system device designed for vapers on the go or simply looking for an easy to use device. The MYLE is a throwback to the old school style automatic batteries with a new modern design. The MYLE features no buttons and is automatically activated when you inhale. The MYLE utilizes proprietary pre-filled MYLE flavor pods (not included and sold separately). The MYLE flavor pods features a non-refillable 0.9ml capacity which is approximately equivalent to 240 puffs. The MYLE may be charged using the included magnetic USB charger.
Please note, MYLE Flavor Pods are not included with this kit. MYLE Flavor Pods are sold separately and may be found in the link below.
This is actually my second kit as a backup in case i lose my first myle. I like the small design and convenience. Ready to go without having to press any buttons.
I have 1 that stopped working after a couple months, Just figured it was done Just purchased a new one last week, and it is really hard to draw on. I have a back up Myle. I really like the unit. Can I exchange the new one?
the shipping was quicckkkkkkk, the myle is tuffffffffffffff!!!!!!!!!!
It's much larger than a Juul, but the pods stay more securely seated and the draw is more consistent. It holds a charge better and you don't have to worry about dirty contacts on the charger.
Excellent service and fast delivery !!!


text:
Q: PHP mysql_query returning TRUE for SELECT I'm experimenting with stored procedures to return me a recursive parent list.
But rather than returning me a result, like in PhpMyAdmin, mysql_query simply returns a boolean true.
mysql_query("DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS `GetAncestry`") or die(mysql_error());

$sql = "[CREATE SQL FUNCTION THAT LOOPS TO RETURN A STRING CONTAINING A COMMA DELIMITED STRING OF ID's]";

mysql_query($sql) or die(mysql_error());

$sql = "SELECT SubProcessID,GetAncestry(SubProcessID) as parents from prodsubprocess where SubProcessID = {$processID}";

mysql_query($sql) //<--- Returns TRUE, but in PhpMyAdmin returns 7,6,8

A: From documentation:

For SELECT, SHOW, DESCRIBE, EXPLAIN and other statements
  returning resultset, mysql_query() returns a resource on success,
  or FALSE on error.

You need to use mysql_fetch_assoc for the purpose as
$result = mysql_query($sql);
while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result)) {
   //fetch result
}

Note: mysql_* is depricated ; Please use PDO() prepared statements for the database queries

A: As you can see int the documentation:

For other type of SQL statements, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, DROP, etc,
  mysql_query() returns TRUE on success or FALSE on error.
For SELECT, SHOW, DESCRIBE, EXPLAIN and other statements returning
  resultset, mysql_query() returns a resource on success, or FALSE on
  error.

You have to cal mysql_fetch_assoc to get the values.
Stop using the deprcated mysql_* API. Use mysqli_ or PDO with prepared statements

A: First thing I must note is: Do not use mysql_ anymore, go to mysqli_.
You also want to use prepared statements.
On phpmyadmin it simply returns all results automatically as that's the way it's been coded. If you simply execute the query, all it's telling you is whether or not it was executed successfully, which in this case, as it is TRUE, then it is working.
What you want to do in this case is:
$result = mysql_query($sql);

while($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result)){
    print_r($row);
}

But seriously, check out prepared statements. There is a lot of information on that on php.net, simply look here: http://php.net/manual/en/mysqli.prepare.php
The "Examples" area has plenty of basic info for you.

A: In Phpmyadmin you will get result automatically for that stored procedure. But at php level, it gives you result status either TRUE or FALSE. If you want to see the results at PHP level then you must use loping construct to loop through returned DB resource to get each value.
Here is code for fetching data through loop.
// Code goes Here.
while($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($sql))
{
    print_r($row);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Here a small update of the tobruk.
Not much, but now you might have an idea of how it will turn out.
The work will not advance when those guys keep on sleeping!
Looks good so far Michael!
Here's the step. Time to get messy.
Frist layer added, and again when it is dry.
All i need to do now, is to finish the plaster and on to the next stage.
Wiking wrote: Encircled by yogurt.
First yogurt and then earth, hahaha.
And my next update of the current state of the scene.
The scene is drying now, but will keep you updated.
I've been able to do some on the scene.
The last 2 pictures are of the final setting of the scene.
Why did you decide to use field grey uniforms for this North African Campaign dio?
Bluefalchion wrote: Why did you decide to use field grey uniforms for this North African Campaign dio?
Bluefalchion, the car was the only one i could find so fast. So itwill be replaced by the proper version later on.
Tobruk, is the style of bunker as well as the port in North Africa, this style of bunker was first encountered by the allies at Tobruk , but was used by both German and Italian armies in static defense lines everywhere including all the static lines in France and Italy, so the diorama could be North Africa, or Normandy, or the Gothic line etc.
What is this for a lame troop.
Sun bathing, smoking, intelligent standing around.
It really does not look like the enemy is close.
And on top, too lazy to remove the bayonet.
Wiking, that is the other side of the German army.
Cool work Michael, like the releax solders a lot, and the bunker is awesome.
It's looking very good Michael. A very nice scene of soldiers relaxing in some quiet corner of the war. Perhaps near the beach? "Nothing ever happens here".
Thanks Allan for explaining the Tobruk reference. I was wondering when anyone in the North African place looked quite so carefree.
I see some very lazy German soldiers!
I like that vignette Michael!
Peter wrote: I see some very lazy German soldiers!
Well, the Atlantic Wall was the best place for German soldiers to be. Nothing happened most of the time (with a few violent exceptions in Dieppe, Normandy and Walcheren).
Thanks for your kind comments gents, And the explenations too. Indeed, most of the time, it was the best place to be for the German soldier. Untill Rommel arrived in Normandy, there was little to no defence in Normandy, and the troops had very little to do there.
Hmm, the uniform is the wrong colour, the era is not 1986 other than that the lazy soldier could bery much be me. Oh, add a beard, a beer and a guitar. Great work Michael!


text:
Penile Fracture
Contrary to popular belief, it is possible to fracture a penis. The penis is an assembly of tissue, not a bone. Penis fractures are a rare occurrence, but when they do happen, 95% of injuries occur during vaginal intercourse.1 A penile injury is not limited by sexual activity. A fracture can occur by blunt force trauma or even by rolling over on an erect penis. A penis fracture is considered to be an urgent medical emergency that must be treated as soon as possible. Penile injuries typically occur when the penis is erect. Penile fractures when the penis is flaccid are rare and are likely a result of trauma. The corpus cavernosa is an anatomical region of the penis that consists of two sponge-like regions of tissue in the penis that fills with blood during penile erection. When a penis fractures, the damage occurs in the corpus cavernosa.2 A penile fracture is more likely to occur if one partner is on top of the other partner during sexual intercourse. More specifically, a fracture is likely to occur when a female is on top of a male, or if a partner is in the "riding" position. Avoiding penile injuries can be very easy.
Aggressive masturbation can lead to forced penis bending, and even damage. It is fairly simple to avoid this, as you can lessen the intensity if the masturbation begins to hurt. Be careful when one's partner is on top, as this is the most likely position to injure the penis, because all of the partner's weight is placed on the penis. Sex when one partner is on top can be very safe, but be cautious when sex gets aggressive. Aggressive sex can be done safely, but maintain open communication between your partner and yourself so that an injury can be better avoided. Less commonly, penile fractures can occur from rolling over or blunt trauma. Rolling over can be easily avoided if one is conscious, but it is difficult to avoid if one is asleep. Blunt trauma is difficult to avoid because it cannot always be predicted. Penile fractures are not solely a sexual injury; they can occur at any time.
Penile fractures typically follow a predictable pattern. First, a popping noise is heard from the penis. A recent study that found that 80% of participants had experienced penile fracture heard a popping sound during the time of trauma.3 Then, swelling occurs, followed by immediate pain and a possible loss of erection. Bruising and swelling arise shortly after the fracture. Someone that experiences this type of injury should immediately seek the attention of a urologist (a medical doctor who specializes in matters regarding the male reproductive system). In some cases, the fracture can damage the physical structure of the urethra and cause urethral bleeding. A penile fracture does not share similarities between an arm or a leg fracture. The terminology is similar but the signs and symptoms are very different. A penis cannot be placed in a cast. A penile fracture is a surgical emergency, and one should never hesitate to seek immediate medical treatment. Penile fractures can lead to scarring, deformity, and even erectile dysfunction. Penile fractures are not consistent in every case, so contact a healthcare professional if you are suspicious that you may have an injury. Each case is different from the other and an injury may not necessarily be a penile fracture, but checking in with a doctor is always recommended.
In the past, penile fracture treatments included ice application and anti-inflammatories, but current medicine has advanced much further than these primitive methods. Current medical procedure utilizes surgical methods to repair the fractured penis.4 The purpose of surgery is to remove a hematoma, which is a clustering of blood within the tissue.4 Complications arise because many people find a penile injury to be embarrassing and decide to avoid the issue, hoping it will go away. Failing to address the fracture can lead to permanent damage, as timing is essential when dealing with a penile fracture. Some doctors may not even perform the surgery if too much time has passed since the initial trauma. Surgical repair can include complications such as painful intercourse, priapism, and erectile dysfunction, but the penis is usually successfully repaired.4
Although penile fractures can lead to permanent damage, most cases conclude with successful repair of the broken penis. The analysis of two studies on penis fractures' effect on sexual function provided promising information. In the first study, 100% of the patients who had surgery retained sexual function without any issues.5 In the second study, 83% of patients reported no problem with sexual function.6 The data highlighted positive outcomes among patients as most were able to maintain sexual function. Penile fractures can be devastating when they initially occur, but, if addressed in a timely manner, can result in positive outcomes that allow an individual to continue their regular sex life.
A penile fracture can be a scary event, but if a medical professional treats the injury in a timely manner, no permanent damage is typically observed. Although having a penile fracture is not an ideal event, it is important to keep in mind that the injury can be fixed and is not life-changing. Avoiding the injury itself is very simple as well. Be careful when one's partner is on top and be careful when sex or dry humping gets very aggressive. Being cautious is the easiest method and the biggest factor in avoiding penile injury. Research on penile fractures highlights positive outcomes, as most patients are able to maintain sexual function and continue their lives normally. This is not true in all cases and some patients may have unfavorable experiences, but the research highlights the very successful treatment of penile fractures.
1. Mahapatra, Rajkumar Singha, et al. "Penile Fracture: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital." The World Journal of Men's Health, Korean Society for Sexual Medicine and Andrology, Aug. 2015, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4550602/.
2. "Penis Fracture: Is It Possible?" Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 30 June 2015.
3. Jack, Gregory S, et al. "Current Treatment Options for Penile Fractures." Reviews in Urology, MedReviews, LLC, 2004.
4. Barros, R, et al. "Relationship between Sexual Position and Severity of Penile Fracture."Nature News, Nature Publishing Group, 29 June 2017.
5. Mensah, J E, et al. "Early Surgical Repair of Penile Fractures." Ghana Medical Journal, Ghana Medical Association, Sept. 2010.
6. Nason, Gregory J., et al. "Sexual Function Outcomes Following Fracture of the Penis."Canadian Urological Association Journal, Canadian Medical Association, 2013.
Last updated: 9 November 2017.
penis fracture
swollen penis
cracking sound
cavernosa
corpus cavernosa
parter on top
crackling
penis tear
torn penis
General Male Health
Category: General Male Healthcurvedbentredpurpletorn penispenis teartearcrackedcracklinghurtparter on topon toppoppingpoperectileErectile Dysfunctionhematomainjurycorpus cavernosacavernosacorpusFracturecracking soundcrackingswollen penisbrokenbroken penisPenispenis fracture


Chatsworth Products will participate in the Cabling Installation and Maintenance Webcast: "Achieving Effective Airflow Management in Challenging Networks," next Thursday, November 13 at 1pm Eastern. Read the overview and register today.
Is Your Data Center Ready for a Challenge from the White House?
October 09, 2014 October is employee stock ownership plan (ESOP) month, as a 100% employee-owned company, Chatsworth Products (CPI) is proud to be celebrating this year's "We Own Our Future" motto. Read on to learn more about CPI Employee Ownership.
One of the core missions of Chatsworth Products (CPI) is to delight our customers. We recently got in touch with a previous customer over at CPI's page on LinkedIn (click here to follow us there). Don West is a systems administrator and has experience with data center free cooling.


Watch Austin and Ally - Season 2 online in HD quality for free on Tornado Movies!
Austin and Ally are still on their way to conquer the stardom with the help from two good friends. But like other friends, among them, there are problems. Ally gets frustrated when Austin isn't taking their career seriously: will Austin get his act together in time for the big Miami Beach Bash competition?
Actors Of "Austin and Ally - Season 2"
Characters Of "Austin and Ally - Season 2"
Creators of "Austin and Ally - Season 2"


text:
You are here: Home › Attractions › alabama › antebellum › black belt › demopolis › foscue house › marengo county › plantation › Foscue House at Demopolis, AL (built 1840; listed on the NRHP; building now serves as a restaurant)
Foscue House at Demopolis, AL (built 1840; listed on the NRHP; building now serves as a restaurant)
Antebellum, Historic Markers & Memorials | Demopolis in Marengo County
This house was built in 1840 for Augustus Foscue, a North Carolina native who owned more than 3,000 acres and 137 slaves in Marengo County by 1850. The original construction date is worked into orange-hued brick on south side chimney. The brown-hued brick addition on the front was added in 1849, requiring removal of two-tiered, columned entrance portico. The present shed-roofed porch was added in the twentieth century by Jesse G. Whitfield, replacing a small 1849 portico. Interior woodwork and wainscoting bear original "faux bois" graining to stimulate bird's eye maple done by slave, Bob Ashe, who became a well-known carpenter in post-bellum Demopolis.
The Foscue House was placed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) on January 21, 1974. The building now serves as the home of a restaurant (see facebook.com/Foscue-House-Restaurant)
The Foscue House is located beside Highway 80 just west of Demopolis (GPS Coordinates 32.485257, -87.867143).
Source: "Foscue House" Historic Marker
Tags: alabama, antebellum, black belt, demopolis, foscue house, marengo county, plantation
← Kenworthy Hall at Marion, AL (built 1858-1860; recorded in HABS; listed on NRHP; declared a NHL in 2004)
Public Square at Demopolis, AL (established in 1819, listed on the NRHP) →
Other Attractions in Town
Rosenbush Building at Demopolis, AL (c. 1895, listed on the NRHP)
St Leo's Catholic Church at Demopolis, AL (built 1905)
White Bluff at Demopolis, AL (listed on the NRHP)
Park Gazebo in the Demopolis Public Square (built ca. 1886, listed on the NRHP)
Lyon Hall at Demopolis, AL (completed 1853, recorded in HABS, listed on the NRHP)
Morning Star Baptist Church at Demopolis, AL (built 1920; listed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage)
Log Cabin at Bluff Hall in Demopolis, AL
Old Demopolis Public School at Demopolis, AL (built 1913-1914, listed on the NRHP, now home of the Canebrake Players)
Gaineswood at Demopolis, AL (constructed 1843-1861; recorded in HABS; listed on the NRHP)
Bluff Hall at Demopolis, AL (built 1832 & modified 1840s; recorded in HABS; listed on the NRHP)
Foscue Creek Park at Demopolis, AL (a beautiful park managed by the U. S. Army Corp of Engineers)
Demopolis, Alabama 36732 Post Office (building completed 1912, listed on the NRHP)
John C. Webb Home at Demopolis, AL (built pre-1878; listed on the NRHP)
Laird Cottage at Demopolis, AL (built 1870)
The Marengo Theater at Demopolis, AL (opened 1935)
Curtis House at Demopolis, AL (ca. 1840; listed on the NRHP)
First United Methodist Church at Demopolis, AL (built 1895-1897)
Si-Non Theater Building at Demopolis, AL
The Red Barn Restaurant at Demopolis, AL
Glover Mausoleum at Demopolis, AL (built 1841-1845, recorded in HABS & listed on the NRHP, contains 30 burial vaults)
Rooster Hall at Demopolis, AL (built 1843; listed on the NRHP; building has served as a church, county courthouse, opera house, city hall & fire station)
Ashe Cottage at Demopolis, AL (built ca. 1832 & remodeled 1858; listed on the NRHP and ARLH)
Trinity Episcopal Church at Demopolis, AL (completed 1870)
Demopolis, AL Yacht Basin
Public Square at Demopolis, AL (established in 1819, listed on the NRHP)
First Presbyterian Church at Demopolis, AL (established 1839; built first church building in 1843 – Rooster Hall on the Public Square; built present church in 1869)


Fit2Communicate > Blog > Best practice > Your reputation is your most valuable asset: how are you building it?
Your reputation is your most valuable asset: how are you building it?
We all, intellectually, want to build the reputation of the company where we work. A strong and positive reputation helps attract great people, creates a sense of providing more value and will drive customer loyalty.
Organisations often have plans in place to manage reputational risks yet fail to build their reputation in a planned way for the long term.
Your vision statement is an aspirational description of what your organisation would like to achieve in the future. It should be a guide to your current and future decisions and actions every single day. And it should be developed with others in your team so it has real meaning and connects at a deeper level.
Amazingly many organisations do not have a defined vision. Without a vision, an organisation will struggle to share its direction for the long term in a way that really creates a sense of unity. This common 'vision' also enables an organisation to build a strong reputation. It is the backdrop to everything.
When you build it together and use it as your North Star every day, your vision forms the backbone to every decision, every policy, the people you recruit and creates purpose and focus for people. And, of course, this all builds a strong and positive reputation aligned to where your organisation is going.
As well as building the vision with your team so it has meaning and connects at a deeper level, you also need to do your research to ensure it is realistic and ensure you are not over promising.
Look at social media and see what people are saying about you. Talk to your external stakeholders and find out what they think (after speaking to those within your organisation). A simple question like, 'which three words come to mind when you think about our organisation' can start an interesting discussion.
Listening is key to everything you do. It enables you to be aware of and sort out problems before they become too big and damaging. It creates opportunities to gather ideas for improvements and new products or services, building your reputation as a leader that understands its customers.
In our LISA communication model we start every 'communication thought process' with listening because we know how much value true listening can deliver.
So you've probably thought about some of the events that may increase the gap between your vision and reality, through the development of your crisis management plan.
But what about putting together a plan of opportunities to build your reputation, to decrease the gap between what people currently think and where you need them to be.
Work out a list of current perceptions and where you need to move each. What are the proof points and actions that could demonstrate you are true to your vision?
Work through a list of those people who are key influencers, thought leaders and 'loud voices' in your organisation's environment. Think about where each one is and where you need them to be. Can you create conversations or events to move their mindsets or build on current thinking?
How about if, instead of being critical, some of these people could be your advocates, building your reputation for you?
What would you suggest could be done to build a good reputation?


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Human Ecology – Basic Concepts for Sustainable Development
Environmental success stories from around the world with their lessons on how to turn from decline to restoration and sustainability.
ecotippingpoints.org
Browse entire book
Author: Gerald G. Marten
Publisher: Earthscan Publications
Publication Date: November 2001, 256 pp.
Paperback ISBN: 1853837148
Hardback SBN: 185383713X
Information for purchasing this book:
United States/Canada – Stylus Publishing
Elsewhere – Earthscan Publications
Japanese version – Amazon Japan
Back to Human Ecology – Table of Contents
Chapter 1 – Introduction
What is human ecology?
Organization of this book
Ecology is the science of relationships between living organisms and their environment. Human ecology is about relationships between people and their environment. In human ecology the environment is perceived as an ecosystem (see Figure 1.1). An ecosystem is everything in a specified area – the air, soil, water, living organisms and physical structures, including everything built by humans. The living parts of an ecosystem – microorganisms, plants and animals (including humans) – are its biological community.
Ecosystems can be any size. A small pond in a forest is an ecosystem, and the entire forest is an ecosystem. A single farm is an ecosystem, and a rural landscape is an ecosystem. Villages, towns and large cities are ecosystems. A region of thousands of square kilometres is an ecosystem, and the planet Earth is an ecosystem.
Although humans are part of the ecosystem, it is useful to think of human – environment interaction as interaction between the human social system and the rest of the ecosystem (see Figure 1.1). The social system is everything about people, their population and the psychology and social organization that shape their behaviour. The social system is a central concept in human ecology because human activities that impact on ecosystems are strongly influenced by the society in which people live. Values and knowledge – which together form our worldview as individuals and as a society – shape the way that we process and interpret information and translate it into action. Technology defines our repertoire of possible actions. Social organization, and the social institutions that specify socially acceptable behaviour, shape the possibilities into what we actually do. Like ecosystems, social systems can be on any scale – from a family to the entire human population of the planet.
Figure 1.1 – Interaction of the human social system with the ecosystem
The ecosystem provides services to the social system by moving materials, energy and information to the social system to meet people's needs. These ecosystem services include water, fuel, food, materials for clothing, construction materials and recreation. Movements of materials are obvious; energy and information are less so. Every material object contains energy, most conspicuous in foods and fuels, and every object contains information in the way it is structured or organized. Information can move from ecosystems to social systems independent of materials. A hunter's discovery of his prey, a farmer's observation of his field, a city dweller's assessment of traffic when crossing the street, and a refreshing walk in the woods are all transfers of information from ecosystem to social system.
Material, energy and information move from social system to ecosystem as a consequence of human activities that impact the ecosystem:
People affect ecosystems when they use resources such as water, fish, timber and livestock grazing land.
After using materials from ecosystems, people return the materials to ecosystems as waste.
People intentionally modify or reorganize existing ecosystems, or create new ones, to better serve their needs.
With machines or human labour, people use energy to modify or create ecosystems by moving materials within them or between them. They transfer information from social system to ecosystem whenever they modify, reorganize, or create an ecosystem. The crop that a farmer plants, the spacing of plants in the field, alteration of the field's biological community by weeding, and modification of soil chemistry with fertilizer applications are not only material transfers but also information transfers as the farmer restructures the organization of his farm ecosystem.
An example of social system – ecosystem interaction: destruction of marine animals by commercial fishing
Human ecology analyses the consequences of human activities as a chain of effects through the ecosystem and human social system. The following story is about fishing. Fishing is directed toward one part of the marine ecosystem, namely fish, but fishing has unintended effects on other parts of the ecosystem. Those effects set in motion a series of additional effects that go back and forth between ecosystem and social system (see Figure 1.2).
Drift nets are nylon nets that are invisible in the water. Fish become tangled in drift nets when they try to swim through them. During the 1980s, fishermen used thousands of kilometres of drift nets to catch fish in oceans around the world. In the mid 1980s, it was discovered that drift nets were killing large numbers of dolphins, seals, turtles and other marine animals that drowned after becoming entangled in the nets – a transfer of information from ecosystem to social system, as depicted in Figure 1.2.
Figure 1.2 – Chain of effects through ecosystem and social system (commercial fishing in the ocean)
When conservation organizations realized what the nets were doing to marine animals, they campaigned against drift nets, mobilizing public opinion to pressure governments to make their fishermen stop using the nets. The governments of some nations did not respond, but other nations took the problem to the United Nations, which passed a resolution that all nations should stop using drift nets. At first, many fishermen did not want to stop using drift nets, but their governments forced them to change. Within a few years the fishermen switched from drift nets to long lines and other fishing methods. Long lines, which feature baited hooks hanging from a main line often kilometres in length, have been a common method of fishing for many years. The long lines that fishermen now use put a total of several hundred million hooks in the oceans around the world.
The drift net story shows how human activities can generate a chain of effects that passes back and forth between social system and ecosystem. Fishing affected the ecosystem (by killing dolphins and seals), which in turn led to a change in the social system (fishing technology). And the story continues today. About six years ago it was discovered that long lines are killing large numbers of sea birds, most notably albatross, when the lines are put into the water from fishing boats. Immediately after the hooks are reeled from the back of a boat into the water, birds fly down to eat the bait on hooks floating behind the boat near the surface of the water (see Figure 1.3). The birds are caught on the hooks, dragged down into the water and drown. Because some species of birds could be driven to local extinction if the killing is not stopped, governments and fishermen are investigating modifications to long lines that will protect the birds. Some fishermen are using a cover at the back of their boat to prevent birds from reaching the hooks, and others are adding weights to the hooks to sink them beyond the reach of birds before the birds can get to them. It has also been discovered that birds do not go after bait that is dyed blue.
Figure 1.3 – Long line fishing
This story will continue for many years as new effects go back and forth between the ecosystem and social system. Another part of the story concerns seals and other fish-eating animals that may be declining to extinction in some areas because heavy fishing has reduced their food supply. The effects can reverberate in numerous directions through the marine ecosystem. It appears that the decline of seals in Alaskan coastal waters is responsible for the disappearance of impressive kelp forests in that region. Killer whales that previously preyed on seals have adapted to the decline in seals by switching to sea otters, thereby reducing the sea otter population. Sea urchins are the principal food of sea otters, and sea urchins eat kelp. The decline in sea otters has caused sea urchins to increase in abundance, and the urchins have decimated kelp forests that provide a unique habitat for hundreds of species of marine animals. (Another episode in the story of commercial fishing and marine animals is presented at the end of Chapter 11.)
Cooking fuel and deforestation in India
The problem of deforestation in India provides another example of human activities that generate a chain of effects back and forth through the ecosystem and social system. The following story shows how a new technology (biogas generators) can help to solve an environmental problem.
For thousands of years people in India have cut branches from trees and bushes to provide fuel for cooking their food. This was not a problem as long as there were not too many people; but the situation has changed with the radical increase in India's population during the past 50 years (see Figure 1.4). Many forests have disappeared in recent years because people have cut so many trees and bushes for cooking fuel. Now there are not enough trees and bushes to provide all the fuel that people need. People have responded to this 'energy crisis' by having their children search for anything that can be burned, such as twigs, crop residues (bits of plants left in farm fields after the harvest) and cow dung. Fuel collection makes children even more valuable to their families, so parents have more children. The resulting increase in population leads to more demand for fuel.
Figure 1.4 – Deforestation and cooking fuel (chain of effects through ecosystem and social system)
Intensive collection of cooking fuel has a number of serious effects in the ecosystem. Using cow dung as fuel reduces the quantity of dung available for use as manure on farm fields, and food production declines. In addition, the flow of water from the hills to irrigate farm fields during the dry season is less when the hills are no longer forested. And the quality of the water is worse because deforested hills no longer have trees to protect the ground from heavy rain, so soil erosion is greater, and the irrigation water contains large quantities of mud that settles in irrigation canals and clogs the canals. This decline in the quantity and quality of irrigation water reduces food production even further. The result is poor nutrition and health for people.
This chain of effects involving human population growth, deforestation, fuel shortage and lower food production is a vicious cycle that is difficult to escape. However, biogas generators are a new technology that can help to improve the situation. A biogas generator is a large tank in which people place human waste, animal dung and plant residues to rot. The rotting process creates a large quantity of methane gas, which can be used as fuel to cook food. When the rotting is finished, the plant and animal wastes in the tank can be removed and put on farm fields as fertilizer.
If the Indian government introduces biogas generators to farm villages, people will have methane gas for cooking, so they no longer need to collect wood (see Figure 1.5). The forests can grow back to provide an abundance of clean water for irrigation. After being used in biogas generators, plant and animal wastes can be used to fertilize the fields, food production will increase, people will be better nourished and healthier, and they will not need a large number of children to gather scarce cooking fuel.
Figure 1.5 – Chain of effects through social system and ecosystem when biofuel generators are introduced to villages
However, the way that biogas generators are introduced to villages can determine whether this new technology will actually provide the expected ecological and social benefits. Most Indian villages have a few wealthy farmers who own most of the land. The rest of the people are poor farmers who own very little, if any, land. If people must pay a high price for biogas generators, only wealthy families can afford to buy them. Poor people, who do not have biogas generators, will earn money by gathering cow dung to sell to wealthy people for their biogas generators. Poor people may not care much about the ecological benefits from biogas generators because a better supply of irrigation water offers the greatest benefits to wealthy farmers who have more land.
As a consequence, the benefits from biogas generators could go mainly to the wealthy, widening the gap between the wealthy and the poor. Poor farmers, who see few benefits for themselves, might continue to destroy the forests, and the community as a whole might receive little benefit from the new technology. To improve the situation, it is important to make sure that everyone can obtain a biogas generator. Then everyone will enjoy the benefits, and the vicious cycle of fuel scarcity and deforestation will be broken.
Unintended consequences such as the ones in the story about fishing and marine animals are not unusual. Many human activities impact the environment in ways that are subtle or inconspicuous or involve changes that are so slow that people do not notice what is happening until the problem is serious. Problems may appear suddenly, and sometimes at a considerable distance from the human actions that cause them.
Minamata disease is a typical example of an unintended consequence. Until the 1960s, mercury was widely used for industrial processes such as paper and plastics production. Plastic factories in Japan's Minamata region routinely dumped mercury waste into the adjacent coastal waters. Though mercury was known to be highly toxic, no one worried because the ocean was so large. However, bacteria around factory outlets were transforming the mercury into even more toxic methane mercury, which accumulated year after year in the coastal ecosystem. The mercury was biologically concentrated as it passed along each step of the food chain from phytoplankton (microscopic plants) to zooplankton (tiny animals), small fish and finally fish large enough for people to eat. No one realized that the mercury concentration in fish was more than a million times the concentration in the surrounding ocean water.
During the 1950s more than 1000 people in the Minamata region were afflicted with an illness that killed several hundred, left survivors with devastating neurological damage and produced severe deformities in babies. Once mercury-contaminated fish were identified as the cause of the problem, the local people mounted a campaign for the factories to do something about it. After several years the government finally ordered the factories to stop dumping mercury; but the large quantity of mercury already in the coastal ecosystem continued to circulate through the food web. It was nearly 50 years before fish in the Minamata region were safe to eat again. This dramatic incident eventually led to worldwide elimination of mercury from large-scale industrial processes, though mercury is unfortunately still in use for gold mining in parts of Africa, Latin America and Asia.
A recent tragedy in North Korea illustrates how serious an ecological mistake can be. Several million people have died of starvation during the past five years because of agricultural failure due to floods. The causes are complex, but deforestation seems to be a major part of the story. Deforestation started 100 years ago with the exploitation of Korea's forests by Japanese colonialism, and it continued with the partitioning of Korea after World War II. Because the North was the industrial region of Korea and the South the agricultural region, isolation of the North forced it to increase its food production by expanding agriculture into forest lands. Large-scale use of wood for household and industrial fuel, and logging of trees for timber export, reduced the forest in the North even further.
Forests perform a valuable function by capturing rainwater and releasing it to streams and rivers that provide water for cities and agriculture. Forest soils with a carpet of decomposing leaves absorb rainwater like a sponge, holding the water for gradual release to streams throughout the year. When watersheds lose their forest, the soil can lose its capacity to absorb rainwater as it did before. Rainwater flows quickly off the watershed, causing floods during the rainy season and a diminished supply of water during the dry season. Deforestation in North Korea proceeded for nearly a century before the disastrous consequences were apparent. Devastating floods and crop destruction have now become regular events. This mistake will not be corrected quickly because reforestation takes such a long time. Even worse, the same forces that caused deforestation have created a vicious cycle that intensifies deforestation even more. Deforestation has reduced agricultural production, creating a need to import fertilizers and food and forcing North Korea to cut even more trees to pay for the imported goods with revenues from timber export.
Sustainable development can be defined as meeting present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It is about leaving the opportunity for a decent life to our children and grandchildren. Ecologically sustainable development is about keeping ecosystems healthy. It is about interacting with ecosystems in ways that allow them to maintain sufficient functional integrity to continue providing humans and all other creatures in the ecosystem the food, water, shelter and other resources that they need. North Korea has not been ecologically sustainable because it failed to maintain the proper balance of forested watersheds essential for a healthy landscape. Nor is it ecologically sustainable development to exterminate marine animals, destroy forests to obtain cooking fuel or pollute marine ecosystems with mercury.
Sustainable development does not mean sustaining economic growth. Economic growth is impossible to sustain if it depends upon ever increasing quantities of resources from ecosystems with limited capacities to provide the resources. Nor is sustainable development a luxury to be pursued after economic development and other priorities such as social justice are achieved. Damaged ecosystems that lose their capacity to meet basic human needs close off opportunities for economic development and social justice. A healthy society gives equal attention to ecological sustainability, economic development and social justice because they are all mutually reinforcing.
Intensity of demands on ecosystems
There is a close connection between the sustainability of human – ecosystem interaction and the intensity of demands that people place on ecosystems. We all depend on ecosystems for material and energy resources. Some resources such as mineral deposits and fossil fuels are non-renewable; other resources such as food, water and forest products are renewable. People use these resources and return them to the ecosystem as waste, such as sewage, garbage, or industrial effluent (see Figure 1.6).
Figure 1.6 – Human use of natural resources
In general, greater demands on ecosystems in the form of more intense resource use are less sustainable. Intense use of non-renewable resources exhausts the supply more quickly. Intense use of renewable resources can damage the ability of ecosystems to provide the resources (explained in more detail in Chapters 6, 8 and 10.) Sustainable interaction with ecosystems is only possible if demands are kept within bounds. This has not been the case in recent decades as human population growth, as well as industrial and economic growth and burgeoning material consumption, have dramatically increased the scale of natural resource use. As environmental awareness has increased, there have been changes in the social system to reduce the intensity of demands on ecosystems. There has been a shift in recent years from technologies that are wasteful of resources toward technologies that use resources more efficiently and reduce pollution.
Intensity of demands on ecosystems = Population x Level of consumption x Technology
Intensity of demands on ecosystems:
the total quantity of material and energy resources required for industrial and agricultural production; plus
pollution generated by industrial and agricultural production.
Population: the number of people who use the industrial and agricultural products.
Level of consumption: the per capita quantity of industrial and agricultural production. It is closely connected to a society's material affluence.
Technology: the quantity of resource used and pollution generated per unit of industrial and agricultural production.
Box 1.1 – Intensity of demands on ecosystems
A small population can enjoy high levels of consumption without placing excessive demands on the environment. Too many people can employ the most efficient technologies imaginable and still be forced to make unsustainable demands on the environment while living in poverty. The level of consumption of wealthy nations is enormously greater than that of poor nations. The significance of the population in wealthy nations lies not only in the large numbers of people that they already have but also the fact that their heavy demands extend to ecosystems beyond their own boundaries. Developing world nations aspire to economic development with higher levels of industrial production and consumption, aspirations that are thwarted by rapid population growth now typical in that part of the world.
The first half of this book explains how ecosystems and social systems function and interact as self-organizing complex adaptive systems. It explains system concepts and ecological principles essential to the discussions of human – ecosystem interaction later in the book. Chapter 2 uses the growth and regulation of animal populations to illustrate positive and negative feedback – key concepts for understanding the dynamics of ecosystems and social systems. Chapter 3 relates the history of human population growth, explaining the causes and consequences of the unprecedented growth that we see today. Chapters 4 and 5 explain how ecosystems organize themselves and how the same organizing principles apply to human social systems. Chapter 6 explains how ecosystems are continually changing due to natural processes and the impact of human activities. It shows how human activities can cause unintended changes in ecosystems – changes that are sometimes undesirable and irreversible
The focus in the last half of the book shifts to interactions between social systems and ecosystems. Chapter 7 introduces a central concept for human – ecosystem interaction – the coevolution and coadaptation of social systems and ecosystems. As a rule, social systems that are coadapted to ecosystems are ecologically more sustainable. Chapter 8 describes the biological processes that move materials and energy through ecosystems – and between people and ecosystems. It explains how the quantity of materials and energy that ecosystems can provide for human use is affected by the way that people use them. Chapter 9 outlines perceptions and values that shape human actions toward ecosystems, and Chapter 10 surveys the numerous reasons why modern society interacts in an unsustainable manner with the ecosystems on which it depends for survival. Chapter 11 outlines principles for sustainable interaction with ecosystems and presents examples of social institutions that make sustainable interaction a reality. Chapter 11 finishes by emphasizing the need to build into modern society a dynamic adaptive capacity for sustainable development. Chapter 12 presents two case studies which illustrate ecologically sustainable development. The first is about ecological technology and the second is a regional environmental management programme.
Figure 1.4 summarizes the story of cooking fuel and deforestation in India. Look at each of the arrows in the figure and write down the effect that it represents, so you can trace the chain of effects through the village social system and ecosystem. For example, the arrow from "Human population" to "Demand for cooking fuel" can be described as "Increase in human population increases the demand for cooking fuel." Then look at the arrows in Figure 1.5. Starting with "Demand for cooking fuel", note how the direction of the effects in Figure 1.5 is different from Figure 1.4 because biogas technology is in the story. Start with the arrow from "Demand for cooking fuel" to "Biogas technology", which represents "High demand for cooking fuel leads to biogas technology"; the arrow from "Biogas technology" to "Biogas generators" represents "Biogas generators are introduced to villages"; and so on.
Put together an example of a chain of effects through ecosystem and social system, using information from newspaper or magazine articles and your own personal knowledge. Show the example with a diagram.
Think of examples of "unpleasant surprises" from the environment, using information from newspaper or magazine articles and your own personal knowledge. Why did it take so long for people to realize what was happening? Why did the problem become apparent so suddenly?
Look at the equation for "intensity of demands on ecosystems" and think how population, consumption, and technology are changing in your country. What are some important ways that changes in population, consumption, and technology are changing your nation's demands on ecosystems? What is the contribution of each to the magnitude of the change in demands on ecosystems?
Do you think ecologically sustainable development is possible for your country? For the world as a whole? Even if ecologically sustainable development is possible, do you think it will really happen? Does ecologically sustainable development appear to be more likely in some places than others?


A common sight in Belgium: While Jupiler is supposed to be the best selling beer in Belgium, it doesn't make it the best beer. It's horrible.
Oh, and smashed car windows are on the rise.
Crossing through a little park on Rue du Miroir (near de Gare Bruxelles-Chapel) I spotted evidence of what the birds get up to in the morning. Clearly nobody had walked through here all day as the entire snow-covered park was littered with random cuneiform conversations.
During the computer build I bought lots of smaller parts using eBay to save money. This has to be the most creative (slapped together) packaging effort I've seen so far!
In early September last year the main road through the city centre in Brussels was blocked off from what appeared to be a gas leak. With six appliances attending, and a whole squad of guys from the gas company, they weren't mucking around. There have been quite a few fires in the area recently, including one near the old stock exchange, one in the metro station near our apartment, two in the same building just around the corner from us, and most recently at the courthouse. It's unusual.
I spotted this on the ground in a corner on Place Royale, with nothing around it to indicate what it is. After a brief investigation, 60º08'29.62"N 24º56'55.14"E takes you just off the coast of Finland near Helsinki.
Havsstranden Merisantamanranta Uusimaa Helsinki Finland.
If you take the coordinates on the sign, and ADD them to the coordinates of the sign, you get an address in Cancun, just north of Belize.
If it helps, it was spotted on March 10, 2011, but judging by the state of it I'd say it was there for some time before that.


Live in Moree's newest precinct. Agent says this ... well designed, modern, low maintenance and light filled home is sure to impress you. Built on steel adjustable piers and offering four bedrooms, built in robes, large ensuite, open plan living with stacking doors opening to the northern deck, air conditioning, attached garage with remote and internal access. And the in ground pool is the icing on the cake! Applications for rent currently being considered at $500.00 per week.


Established in 2005 to enhance Eastern Long Island's agricultural, aquacultural and environmental industries, the Calverton Business Incubator is helping to create a new base of industries by promoting the growth of its tenant companies. The Incubator's nearly 24,000 square feet of modern offices, conference rooms, laboratories with both fresh and saltwater access and state-of-the-art food-processing equipment provide an optimal working environment that focuses on the development of ventures compatible with the unique economic setting of Long Island's East End.
The Agriculture Consumer Science Center (ACSC), completed in 2012, provides regional wine and food producers and local entrepreneurs access to shared processing areas and the opportunity to collaborate with researchers, scientists and professionals of Stony Brook University, Brookhaven National Laboratory and the New York State Small Business Development Center who can guide and advise from concept to commercialization. As a shared-use, small-scale food processing center, ACSC allows farmers to add value to their agricultural commodities, gives community food businesses the opportunity to expand into new lines, and helps potential food entrepreneurs to start new businesses. It offers farmers and start-up and expanding businesses the opportunity to explore retail food production without the high cost of equipment or manufacturing space, and also provides much-needed technical assistance in food production and general business management education. Stony Brook University has entered into a strategic alliance agreement with J. Kings Food Distributors to develop a curriculum designed to help the local independent food business get the training needed to raise awareness and expand its knowledge base of information to generate successful businesses.
Located in the Research and Development Park on the campus of Stony Brook University, the CEWIT Incubator is space that is home to a companies within the CEWIT building. CEWIT provides an integrated suite of services designed to fit the needs of diverse incubator companies. Our staff members' combined range of recognized scientific, corporate, consulting, and entrepreneurship/startup venture experience directly benefits companies located in CEWIT as we provide a wide range of both scientific vetting and business mentoring.
Located in the Research and Development Park on the campus of Stony Brook University, the AERTC Incubator is space that is home to a few companies within the AERTC building. The Advanced Energy Center (AERTC) is a true partnership of Academic institutions, Research institutions, Energy providers and Industrial Corporations. Its mission is innovative energy research, education and technology deployment with a focus on efficiency, conservation, renewable energy and nanotechnology applications for new and novel sources of energy.


We are dedicated to the University's ethos of supporting and advancing equality and diversity in all areas.
The Athena SWAN charter recognises the advancement of gender equality: representation, progression and success for all.
We fully embrace the principles of gender equality across Science, Technology, Engineering, Medicine and Mathematics (STEMM). We have a strong record of graduate employment in all these areas and aim to ensure that all of our students can expect to have a choice of exciting professional engineering careers.
In the most recent REF exercise, much of our research was judged to be internationally excellent or of world-leading quality. In addition, all of our students benefit from learning in our award-winning work-space, which offers industry-standard office and laboratory accommodation for our staff and students.
Historically, female representation across our staff and student body have been below that of the sector best and this is a trend that we wish to rectify.
To redress this imbalance, the Department seeks to promote the increased uptake of careers in the engineering profession by women. This will be supported by our industrially-sponsored research, business partnerships and our public-facing profile. The University holds an Athena SWAN Bronze award and the Department has as an ambition to gain the achievement of an individual Athena SWAN Bronze award.
We have an active Athena SWAN equality and diversity team with representation drawn from our undergraduate and postgraduate students, technical staff and early career researchers, including postdoctoral research associates, research fellowship holders, early and mid-career academic staff and the Head of Department.
Team members offer a range of STEMM working experiences and are collectively tasked with delivery of the Department's successful individual Athena SWAN Bronze award. The team meet once per term to review key data-sets and make recommendations to key departmental committees, in addition to contributing to the University Athena SWAN Committee.
The Engineering - Athena SWAN Action Plan sets out our priority areas to enable us to better deliver against the Athena SWAN Charter.


text:
Video Games Nebula
About Astro Adam
Why Would I Play as a Furry Creature and Robot?
Sometimes art changes the way we see the world. An art piece might lift your spirits and you might feel happy enough to hold the door for a stranger. The stranger, in turn, volunteers at a soup kitchen. Then the planet is better off because of someone's creativity. It all starts with one person.
Ratchet and Clank changes the way I see the world; I see it through a cheerful lens. Now, most good video games help me to relax. Ratchet, though, lifts my spirits and makes me a more pleasant Lombax – I mean human – to behold.
The combat, cut-scenes, characters, and colorful design cheer me up. I've only played A Crack in Time and part of the HD collection, but I've discovered what I like about the series. Let me tell you why I love the Ratchet and Clank games.
The games have cute characters. I'm not sure what a Lombax is, but I'm pretty sure most children would want a plush version for themselves. Perhaps the character's wide eyes, small stature and good nature explains its appeal. I feel a child like joie de vivre when I see Ratchet's face.
The quirky characters bring a smile to my face. They don't walk around with frowns painted on their faces like "emo" teens. So I appreciate the games' character design, and love even more to play as them.
The games offer a variety of fun things to do when you play as Ratchet or Clank. Unlike your average shooter, you don't kill enemies all the time in these games. You can explore alien worlds, jump between platforms, and blaze through planets in hoverboots. You can refresh yourself while you fly off a huge jump and linger in the air. Nothing like that fresh air!
You will want to explore and do crazy jumps in these games' environments. The bright and colorful environments contrast with the drab, brown shooter de jour.
And while you explore these settings, you might as well collect some things. Why should anyone collect items in these games? You should collect bolts in Ratchet to upgrade your guns so they are more powerful. Oh, and you might find a certain weapon that shoots rockets while it blasts music from Tchaikovsky. That is only one of the game's many stellar weapons.
It's worth the time to collect and try the varied weapons. Every military shooter has an assault rifle, but not many games have a weapon that makes people dance. Even fewer games have weapons that could save the world.
I know why I love the Ratchet games: they have great characters, environments and weapons. There is also a cartoon like quality to the characters and worlds that appeals to me.
I'm happy to hear that a new Ratchet and Clank game is on the way. Let the game begin!
Filed under Video Games I Play
Tagged as entertainment, gaming, video games
Video Game Weapons Could Save The World
It seems like every game has guns these days, but most of these weapons are not memorable. However, the two games below have cool weapons that could also help our world.
(1) Ratchet and Clank: A Crack In Time
The Ratchet and Clank series is famous for its weapons, and one of my favourites is the Groovitron Glove. It launches shiny disco balls and plays music that causes any enemy to dance. For a moment, you are at disco club full of bad guys. Feel free to laugh at the giant mech's lame dance moves. It can't hurt you when it feels the rhythm deeps in its cold circuits.
So the glove sounds great in a video game. I mean, it can stop bad guys and entertain you. But you might have overlooked its practical use in life.
This glove is one of those rare video game weapons that could help people. I'm not much of a dancer and feel self-conscious about my "moves." But pull out the Groovitron at a wedding and – bam ! – I could become the life of the party.
Better yet, the Groovitron could bring us word peace. If you dance non-stop, you won't have time to start or continue a war. Imagine a peace conference where everyone danced their way to a mutual understanding.
Now we must buy a large supply of disco balls in the name of world peace. It's all on us, people! Do you want to explain to the next generation that you were too cheap to prevent war?
I think Insomniac, the developer of A Crack in Time, made this glove to promote peace and have a laugh. The Groovitron is their plan to solve the world's problems.
At the very least, they seem proud of all their weapons. They took the time to make humorous, cartoon movies to introduce the armaments. I love these movies and appreciate when developers add details like this to a game. The details often set games apart, keeping them in your memory long after you beat them.
(2) BioShock
Plasmids are serums that give gamers magic powers in this game. Plasmids include, but are not limited to, telekinesis, an electric bolt attack, and an "insect swarm" power that shoots bees out of your hands. I guess the bees are useful when you want to sting and irritate the skin of your enemies.
But the "insect swarm" plasmid might help the world's bees. It seems colony collapse disorder kills honey bees all around the world. Do not fret. If we need healthy bees for agriculture, we could always use the plasmid to spawn them on demand.
I suggest you play BioShock and do some research on bees. While you play, I recommend you watch the humorous cartoon movies that introduce each weapon with a touch of class.
I love the creative weapons in A Crack in Time and BioShock. But you don't need to play these games to appreciate the Groovitron or insect swarm. You should know that these weapons/ powers could solve world peace and bee deaths.
Filed under Video Game Misc.
Tagged as entertainment, facetious, humour, video games
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Video Games Nebula · Out of This World


Teeny Tiny Gardening is horticulture on the smallest of scales. No matter how tiny your space - indoor or outdoor, garden, yard, balcony or even just a windowsill or tabletop - here you will find original, fun and inspiring ideas. The 35 projects range from an elegant fern terrarium and a scented spring bulb basket to colourful woven bags and hessian sacks filled with cheerful summer blooms. There are edible gardens, including fruit bushes planted in catering-sized kitchen pans and a vertical garden of herbs grown on a wooden stepladder. You will find lots of ideas for using recycled and salvaged containers, such as a metal bathtub filled with vegetable plants, metal food tins used for an indoor garden of wildflowers and a stack of wooden drawers filled with trailing plants. And at the teeniest end of the scale, there are even miniature tabletop gardens created in eggshells and bottle tops! Children can learn basic gardening skills, too, by following the step-by-step photos to make their own magical fairy garden or a mysterious dinosaur den. Whether you are looking for ideas for all-year foliage or for a summer display of flowers, wanting to grow your own veggies and herbs, or needing to revamp your balcony, Teeny Tiny Gardening will provide you with all the inspiration and practical knowledge you need.