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Background Information College
Here you can find background information that may be useful in college classrooms.
Biology/Ecosystems|| Geography|| Geology|| Global Change|| Natural Hazards|| Oceans/Coasts|| Water|| Other
Biology/Ecosystems
Disease Emergence and Resurgence: The Wildlife-Human Connection- Background Information
This online publication focuses on disease emergence in wildlife, the importance of wild animals as sentinels for disease emergence, and critical issues regarding wildlife as sources for diseases that are transmittable to humans.
USGS Global Ecosystems- Background Information
An effort to classify and map global ecosystems in a standardized, robust, and practical manner at scales appropriate for on-the-ground management. Click on the "Products" tab and select "Publications" to browse a series of maps published in 2009-2010.
Global Ecosystems Data Viewer- Background Information
Perform customized viewing, data selection, and download for several ecosystems data layers. Free registration is required.
Terrestrial Ecosystems Map of the Conterminous United States- Background Information
The USGS, with support from NatureServe, has modeled the potential distribution of 419 terrestrial ecosystems for the conterminous United States using a comprehensive biophysical stratification approach that identifies distinct biophysical environments and associates them with known vegetation distributions. Download a PDF of this 2010 publication or go to the Data Viewer to download data.
Delta Research And Global Observation Network (DRAGON)- Background Information
An international partnership for sharing data on the great deltas and rivers of the world and to develop comparative models and visualization tools to facilitate ecological forecasting regarding climate change and development.
National Wetlands Research Center- Background Information
Research on wetland losses, restoration, and management, with an emphasis on Gulf Coast habitats.
Biodiversity and Habitat Markets: Policy, Economic, and Ecological Implications of Market-based Conservation- Background Information
A primer on market-like and market-based mechanisms designed to conserve biodiversity and habitat.
Tidal Marsh Monitoring- Background Information
An online handbook for conducting "on the ground" tidal marsh restoration monitoring. Offers information on monitoring design, methods, SOPs, datasheets, database templates, and a restoration forum.
USGS Chesapeake Bay Activities- Background Information
The mission of USGS Chesapeake Bay studies is to provide integrated science for improved understanding and management of the Bay ecosystem.
San Francisco Bay and Delta- Background Information
The vast San Francisco Bay and Delta region of California has undergone rapid, large-scale land use changes that have resulted in the loss of wetlands, alteration of freshwater inflows, contamination of water, sediments and biota, and declines of fish and wildlife species.
South Florida Integrated Science- Background Information
Information access in support of research, decision making, and resource management for the South Florida ecosystem restoration effort.
Hydrology and Ecology of Freshwater Wetlands in Central Florida -- A Primer- Background Information
Wetlands are a dominant landscape feature in Florida; in 1996, an estimated 11.4 million acres of wetlands occupied 29 percent of the area of the State. Wetlands represent a greater percentage of the land surface in Florida than in any other state in the conterminous United States. Learn about Florida's wetlands in this 138 page Circular, published in 2010.
USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI)- Background Information
ARMI is a Congressionally-mandated national program of amphibian monitoring, research, and conservation. Links to regional Web sites, a searchable publication list, and copyright-free photos are included.
Amphibian Malformations and Decline: USGS National Wildlife Health Center- Background Information
This site has limited information, but provides quick links to a Field Guide to Malformations of Frogs and Toads plus a 1997 report on Diagnostic Findings Associated with Malformed Frogs in Vermont.
Birds of North America Taxonomic List- Background Information
A table listing birds of North America. The table is sorted taxonomically (by order, family, and genus).
Bird Banding Laboratory of the North American Bird Banding Program- Background Information
Information on bird banding and bird markers.
Whooping Cranes- Background Information
The USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center has been breeding whooping cranes for release to the wild since 1967. This site has extensive information and Frequently Asked Questions about whooping cranes plus videos and a list of recent articles. Be sure to click on the site map to see fascinating photos and information about raising individual chicks. An additional 16-minute video discusses health, exercise, diet, and training of these birds that were once on the brink of extinction.
Topographic Map Symbols- Background Information
An explanation of almost every symbol that is likely to be encountered on a topographic map.
Topographic Change- Background Information
A national inventory of significant topographic changes based on seamless elevation data and land cover data. Most topographic changes result from surface mining, road construction, urban development, dam construction, and landfills.
Map Projections: A Working Manual- Background Information
Although it was published in 1987, this is the most frequently downloaded publication in the USGS Publication Warehouse. Chapters cover general concepts of map projections and discuss the appearance, usage, history, and equations for over 20 projections.
Map Projections- Background Information
The online version of a very popular USGS poster that briefly summarizes and compares 18 popular map projection. A paper version of the poster is available for free through the USGS Store (product #16573), which also has a downloadable PDF. Professionals and academics use the poster as a handy reference.
Written for educators in 1991. The images are low-resolution by today's standards, but the contents are still good.
USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)- Background Information
GNIS contains information for almost 2 million physical and cultural geographic features in the United States and its territories. Query the database to find individual features and their corresponding coordinates. Search results include links to on-line air photos and topographic maps containing the feature.
More than 130 Years of Topographic Mapping- Background Information
This web link lists various maps that themes in Geography can be illustrated using a corn maze. Not every exercise requires actual access to a corn maze.
Elevations and Distances in the United States- Background Information
Tables of information covering elevations of features and distances between points in the United States. Also locates the geographic center of each state.
Rates, Trend, Causes, and Consequences of Urban Land-Use Change in the United States- Backgroud Information
This 2006 report is a collection of 20 papers on urban land use change and its environmental consequences.
Land Use History of North America- Backgroud Information
Describes the historical and on-going changes in land use and land cover for several regions around the U.S.
Urban Growth in American Cities- Backgroud Information
An online publication that illustrates the spatial history of urban growth in sixteen areas around the U.S. and the corresponding land use change. Images can be downloaded as GIF files.
Urban Dynamics Research Program Analysis of Land Use Change in Urban Environments - Backgroud Information
Describes how the USGS is involved in Urban Change Research. Highlights various projects within the Land Cover Institute's research portfolio.
Analyzing Land Use Change In Urban Environments- Backgroud Information
USGS fact sheet describing land use change research in urban environments.
Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS)- Backgroud Information and Photos
EROS is the repository and source for USGS satellite imagery, aerial photography, and many digital data products. EROS is recognized for its expertise in developing new ways to analyze, visualize, and utilize remotely sensed land data for studying diverse aspects of Earth's terrestrial environment.
AmericaView University- Backgroud Information
USGS is a partner in AmericaView, which provides free remote sensing course contents for university-level undergraduate or graduate students.
Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica (LIMA)- Backgroud Information
LIMA brings the coldest continent on Earth alive in greater detail than ever before through this virtually cloudless, seamless, and high resolution satellite view of Antarctica. Zoom in on stunning detail with this Natural-Color, Pan-Sharpened image. The mosaic and all of the LIMA products can be downloaded at no charge.
A Descriptive Catalog of Selected Aerial Photographs of Geologic Features in the United States- Backgroud Information
This 1968 publication (in PDF format) is not up to modern imagery standards, but it includes a latitude, longitude, and description for each feature that could be used to locate more recent images.
More than 130 Years of Topographic Mapping- Backgroud Information
Highlighting a legacy of more than 130 years of topographic mapping. Learn about how the program got started, its history and its future.
USGS Store- Backgroud Information
A quick and easy way to find and order printed USGS products: paper maps, Earth as Art satellite images, satellite mosaics of all states, books, and other publications. Recreation passes are also sold here. Previews are available for most of the popular products. Click on "Education Products" to browse maps and print publications that are popular with educators. Click on "Map Locator" to download free digital topographic maps.
Introduction to Geologic Maps- Backgroud Information
Geologic maps describe the rocks and soils at the surface, provide information about what rocks lie at depth, describe the ages of rocks and soils, and show where features such as earthquake faults and landslides lie. This resource page is particularly useful to help students understand geologic maps of areas near where they live or study.
National Geologic Map Database- Backgroud Information
This exhaustive database provides bibliographic access to many thousands of geologic, geophysical, and other kinds of maps available in USGS publications, Web sites, popular science journals, and more.
The North America Tapestry of Time and Terrain- Backgroud Information
The North America Tapestry of Time and Terrain is woven from a geologic map and a shaded relief image. This digital combination reveals the geologic history of North America through the interrelation of rock type, topography and time. Regional surface processes as well as continent-scale tectonic events are exposed in the three dimensions of space and the fourth dimension, geologic time. Download PDF files or purchase a paper copy from the USGS Store.
This Dynamic Earth: the Story of Plate Tectonics- Background Information
"This Dynamic Earth" is one of the most recommended and referenced primers on plate tectonics. Topics include a history of the theory, scientific developments that spurred its development, the mechanics of plate motions, and the relationship of hotspots to plate tectonic theory. A companion best-selling map, "This Dynamic Planet", is also available online or in print.
This Dynamic Planet- Background Information
Plate tectonics are fully illustrated by this best-selling world map (a companion to "This Dynamic Earth: the Story of Plate Tectonics") showing the locations of plate boundaries, volcanoes, earthquakes, and impact craters. Detailed ocean floor bathymetry and discussions of fundamental components are also featured. A paper version is available for purchase or the map can be downloaded free in PDF format.
The Interior of the Earth- Background Information
A brief, introductory guide to what is known about the interior of our planet.
National Geologic Map Database- Background Information
The North America Tapestry of Time and Terrain- Background Information
USGS Mineral Resources Program- Background Information
The USGS Mineral Resources Program provides current, impartial information on the occurrence, quality, quantity, and availability of mineral resources. This includes information about mineral commodities, regional mineral resources, crustal imaging, and minerals information.
Mineral Commodity Statistics and Information- Background Information
This Web site assembles statistics and information about the worldwide supply of, demand for, and flow of minerals and materials essential to the U.S. economy, the national security, and protection of the environment.
Historic Events in Minerals and Materials- Background Information
A review of significant changes in industries that consume metals and industrial minerals. This report includes a timeline showing major achievements in mineral production and events that affected the U.S. mineral industry.
From Projectile Points to Microprocessors--The Influence of Some Industrial Minerals- Background Information
A 2007 publication that examines the occurrence and practical uses of nine important industrial minerals - constituting just a few of the more than 50 industrial minerals that shape human culture.
Mineral Deposit Models- Background Information
Publications by the USGS on mineral deposit models converted to digital files that can be downloaded.
Quality Assurance and Quality Control of Geochemical Data: A Primer for the Research Scientist- Background Information
Provides basic information and guidance about developing QA/QC protocols for geochemical studies.
USGS Climate and Land Use Change- Background Information
Extensive list of links to information on USGS climate change activities, publications, news, FAQs, Podcasts, and more.
Gas Hydrates and Climate Warming- Backgroud Information
A brief primer on methane hydrates and the relationship between gas hydrates and climate change. Also watch a 7 minute video about gas hydrates.
USA National Phenology Network- Backgroud Information
A partnership that brings together citizen scientists, government agencies, non-profit groups, educators, and students of all ages to monitor the impacts of climate change on plants and animals in the United States. The Web site provides training and resource materials plus opportunities to contribute as an individual or group.
USGS News and Information on El Niño- Backgroud Information
The term El Niño refers to a warm ocean current that typically appears around December and lasts for several months, but may persist into May or June. This Web site gives a general overview of the science of El Niño, and provides links to resources that discuss the impact of El Niño on floods, landslides, coastal hazards, and climate along with other information.
Investigating Climate Change of Western North America- Backgroud Information
A USGS fact sheet that discusses how the California Current in the Pacific Ocean drives the climate of the western United States.
USGS Geologic Carbon Dioxide Sequestration Website- Backgroud Information
Overview, research, data, and related links.
Geologic Carbon Sequestration- Backgroud Information
Looking for a simple explanation of geologic carbon sequestration? This two-page fact sheet discusses the major concepts and provides an excellent diagram.
Carbon Sequestration to Mitigate Climate Change- Backgroud Information
Carbon sequestration is a process by which CO2 is removed from the atmosphere or diverted from emission sources and stored in the ocean, vegetation, soils, and geologic formations. Learn the basics in this four-page fact sheet.
Natural Hazards Gateway- Backgroud Information
Provides many links and resources to USGS information related to earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, landslides, tsunamis, volcanoes, and wildfires.
USGS Emergency Operations Portal and the Hazards Data Distribution System (HDDS)- Backgroud Information and Photos
Explore critical pre- and post-disaster images and datasets online for immediate viewing and downloading. The USGS provides these images for use in disaster preparations, rescue and relief operations, damage assessments, and reconstruction efforts. For a quick introduction to HDDS, read a one-page fact sheet.
USGS Earthquake Hazards Program- Backgroud Information
The best starting point for browsing information on earthquake data, hazards, preparedness, monitoring, and research. Click on the "Learn" tab to access extensive educational materials and FAQs. The regional office links near the bottom of the page lead to site-specific information. The links in the blue section at the bottom of the page are an excellent starting point for advanced features like analysis tools and software.
Earthquake Catalog (ANSS Comprehensive Catalog)- Backgroud Information
Searchable database of earthquake source parameters and other products produced by contributing seismic networks.. Data is available in multiple formats. The oldest data is from 1900.
Quaternary Fault and Fold Database of the United States- Backgroud Information
This Web site contains information on faults and associated folds in the United States that are believed to be sources of M>6 earthquakes during the Quaternary (the past 1,600,000 years). Maps of these geologic structures are linked to detailed descriptions and references.
Google Earth/KML Files- Backgroud Information
KML files for Quaternary faults in the U.S., ShakeMaps, and real time earthquakes. Additional files provide detailed looks at specific faults in California.
Earthquake Notification Service (ENS)- Backgroud Information
A free service that sends automated notification e-mails when earthquakes happen in your area. Customize ENS to only deliver messages for certain areas, at specified times, and to multiple addresses. ENS can even send text notifications to your cell phone.
PAGER - Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response- Backgroud Information
The PAGER system provides estimates of the number of people and the names of cities exposed to severe shaking following significant earthquakes worldwide.
The Great Alaska Earthquake and Tsunami of March 27, 1964- Backgroud Information
Explore numerous resources created for the 50th anniversary of the second largest earthquake ever recorded and the tsunami that it created. Watch videos, animations, archival film, and a public lecture; read short fact sheets as well as historic publications; and delve into historical photographs. An interactive "story map" of 1964 Anchorage is an especially good way to engage students of any age.
The San Andreas Fault System, California- Backgroud Information
This classic 1990 compilation of scientific papers on the San Andreas fault, is a technical and exhaustive resource of information about the fault and is an essential companion to all newly published research about the fault system. The book is available for download or to purchase.
The San Andreas Fault In The San Francisco Bay Area, California: A Geology Field Trip Guidebook To Selected Stops On Public Lands- Backgroud Information
A field guide with descriptions of places the public can go to view the San Andreas Fault. Introductory materials include an overview of the San Andreas Fault System, geology, landscape features, and plant communities that reveal information about the underlying geology.
The Hayward Fault- Backgroud Information
Northern California's Hayward fault is a tectonic time bomb, due anytime for another magnitude 6.8 to 7.0 earthquake. Learn about the fault, and explore
Where's the Hayward Fault? A Green Guide to the Fault.The ShakeOut Earthquake Scenario- Backgroud Information
The question is not if but when southern California will be hit by a major earthquake. This 16-page Circular published in 2008 identifies the physical, social, and economic consequences of a theoretical magnitude 7.8 earthquake in southern California.
The New Madrid Seismic Zone- Backgroud Information
Three large earthquakes of magnitude 7.5-7.7 shook the central U.S. in 1811-1812. Located at the junction of Arkansas, Missouri, and Tennessee, those quakes are a powerful reminder that risk of a similar event exists today. Several classroom-friendly resources were developed for the bicentennial of these earthquakes.
USGS Flood Information- Backgroud Information
Gateway to USGS research on floods. Includes highlighted flood resources and recent USGS news related to floods. This is a good jumping-off point for general flood science.
Large Floods in the United States : Where they Happen and Why- Backgroud Information
A 13-page on-line publication that describes the geographic and climatic factors that influence the occurrence and impacts of large floods in the United States.
FAQs about Floods- Backgroud Information
Frequently Asked Questions about floods.
Tsunamis & Earthquakes- Backgroud Information
An exhaustive list of USGS tsunami links including animations of actual and hypothetical tsunamis.
Surviving a Tsunami-Lessons from Chile, Hawaii, and Japan- Backgroud Information
This on-line 1999 publication describes the causes and impacts of large tsunamis, with examples from around the Pacific Rim.
Can It Happen Here?- Backgroud Information
Could a tsunami such as the one that affected the Indian Ocean on December, 26, 2004 happen in the United States? This site discusses likely tsunami scenarios for the entire U.S. coastline.
The Orphan Tsunami of 1700 - Japanese Clues to a Parent Earthquake in North America- Backgroud Information
In 1700, a mysterious tsunami flooded fields and washed away houses in Japan. Yet no one in Japan felt an earthquake. Follow along with scientists as they discover clues suggesting that the tsunami originated from a large earthquake in the Cascadia region of North America.
The Landslide Handbook—A Guide to Understanding Landslides- Backgroud Information
What is a landslide? Where do they occur? What causes them? How are they monitored? How can they be prevented? What safety measures can you follow if you live near steep hills? All these questions are answered in this 129-page publication. Written for a general audience, it is heavily illustrated with diagrams and photographs taken at location around the globe.
National Landslide Overview Map of the United States- Backgroud Information
An interactive map showing landslide and flood hazard areas of the United States.
Riding the Storm- Backgroud Information
A catastrophic 1982 rainstorm triggered 18,000 landslides in the San Francisco Bay Area. In this online video, learn what USGS scientists have discovered in the last two decades about landslide dynamics and which slopes are most susceptible to sliding.
Volcano Hazards Program- Backgroud Information
The best starting point for current information about volcano activity, volcano hazards, and learning materials. For historical information about individual volcanoes, visit the websites for our regional USGS Volcano Observatories:
Alaska Volcano Observatory
California Volcano Observatory
Hawaii Volcano Observatory
Yellowstone Volcano Observatory
Fire and Mud: Eruptions and Lahars of Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines- Backgroud Information
This history of the devastating 1991 eruption of Mt. Pinatubo highlights the new science that was learned at the time and the challenges that lie ahead to prevent and/or mitigate another disaster.
Alaska Volcanoes Guidebook for Teachers- Backgroud Information
GeoMAC Wildland Fire Support- Backgroud Information
The Geospatial Multi-Agency Coordination Group (GeoMAC) is an internet-based mapping application designed for fire managers (and the public) to access online maps of current fire locations and perimeters in the conterminous 48 States and Alaska.
Oceans/Coasts
USGS Coastal & Marine Geology Program- Background Information
Provides current information on a variety of research topics including tsunamis generated by submarine earthquakes and landslides, El Niño, sea level change, coastal erosion, corals, pollution, and much more. The Web site has links to CMGP field centers in Santa Cruz/Menlo Park, California, St. Petersburg, Florida, and Woods Hole, Massachusetts.
Maps of America's Submerged Lands- Background Information
A portal to published USGS maps, reports, and digital data that depict the bathymetry, surficial geology, and/or subsurface structure of selected submerged U.S. areas. Some lakes are included. NOAA is also a good source for bathymetric data.
Coastal Landforms and Processes at the Cape Cod National Seashore, Massachusetts: A Primer- Background Information
[Although this targets Cape Cod, many of the concepts can be applied to coastal processes in other locations.] Written as an educational guide for the general public. Covers basic coastal processes; landform changes, sea-level change, wind and weather, waves, and tides. Many illustrations.
Coasts in Crisis - Background Information
This 1990 publication describes types of coasts (rocky shores, sandy beaches, coastal wetlands, and coral reefs). It also provides discussion about processes that affect beaches and coastlines including waves, tides, weather, water-level changes, coastal vegetation, and human impacts of beach sediments and processes.
Sound Waves: Coastal and Marine Research News- Background Information
Explore non-technical articles about interesting discoveries and research in coastal and marine science. Sound Waves is a monthly newsletter with a rich archive of stories collected since 1999. Sign up to receive monthly email updates!
Coastal Change Hazards: Hurricanes and Extreme Storms- Background Information
Research focusing on understanding the magnitude and variability of the impacts of hurricanes and extreme storms on the sandy beaches of the United States.
National Assessment of Shoreline Change Project- Background Information
Beach erosion is a chronic problem along most open-ocean shores of the United States. The USGS is conducting an analysis of historical shoreline changes along open-ocean sandy shores of the conterminous U.S. and parts of Alaska and Hawaii.
USGS Pacific Coral Reefs Web Site- Background Information
Explore the fascinating undersea world of coral reefs, primarily in Hawaii and Guam. Learn how the USGS maps, monitors, and models coral reefs so the Nation can better understand, protect, and preserve them.
Water Resources of the United States- Backgroud Information
The main portal to USGS Water Resources Program provides links to real-time data for surface water, groundwater, and water quality information for all states. To get a broad spectrum of information about specific locations or areas, use the "Water Science by State" function near the bottom of the page. Be sure to also visit the Water Education page with its exhaustive list of resources.
Water Resources Data- Backgroud Information
A comprehensive source of real-time water data for the nation (surface water, groundwater, and water quality) collected from over 8,000 on-line stations throughout the U.S. Maps and searchable data by county and watershed.
Science in Your Watershed- Backgroud Information
A good starting point for comprehensive water information about specific watersheds.
How does a U.S. Geological Survey Streamgage Work?- Backgroud Information
In order to understand the health of our nation's rivers and streams, USGS scientists monitor the information provided from more than 9,000 streamgages nationwide. Learn how a streamgage works in this two-page fact sheet.
Water Use in the United States- Backgroud Information
The USGS has been compiling and publishing water use data for the United States every five years since 1950. Start at this website for quick overviews, or delve deeper into the reports. Download data by county, state, or as national totals.
USGS Groundwater Information Pages- Backgroud Information
The best starting point for groundwater information and basics. Follow links for data, groundwater/surface-water interactions, karst, artificial recharge, land subsidence, regional ground water studies, modeling software, and publications.
Aquifer Basics- Backgroud Information
An underground layer of permeable rock, sediment, or soil that yields water is called an aquifer. This site describes different kinds of aquifers and where they are located.
Basic Ground-water Hydrology- Backgroud Information
Written in 1983, this 84-page publication was intended to serve as a textbook for public decision-makers in need of an introduction to groundwater basics. Copious diagrams are included.
Ground Water Atlas of the United States- Backgroud Information and Maps
Learn about the ground-water resources of regional areas that collectively cover the U.S. and its territories. Text and maps are used to describe the climate, physiography, geology, land use, major aquifers, and ground-water withdrawals for each region.
Ground Water and Surface Water - A Single Resource- Backgroud Information
This publication includes a chapter on the hydrologic cycle, and illustrates the interactions of groundwater and surface water. The report discusses issues related to water supply, water quality, and degradation of aquatic environments.
Sustainability of Ground-Water Resources- Backgroud Information
The availability of groundwater varies widely and only a part of the ground water can be recovered by wells in an economic manner without adverse consequences. Learn more in this 1995 publication. 76 pages.
Ground-Water-Level Monitoring and the Importance of Long-Term Water-Level Data - Backgroud Information
Learn about water data required to address the effects of aquifer development.
Groundwater Availability in the United States- Backgroud Information
This report examines what is known about the Nation's groundwater availability, including a description of major aquifers, water use, and changes in groundwater levels over time.
Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature- Background Information
Maintained by the USGS in cooperation with NASA and the International Astronomical Union (IAU). Download shapefiles or KML files of all named features for each planet and moon.
USGS Astrogeology Science Center- Background Information
Looking for information on the moon, Mars, or impact craters? The Flagstaff Science Center is home to USGS astrogeology research. Take a special look at the Education and Outreach portion of the site for information, lesson plans, and activities that are "out of this world!"


Database is populated with sample data .
Hi, when this going to be release? is there any plans of releasing this officially, I mean not just a patch? again thanks a lot for great work here also with other package you did.
An official TurnKey Vtiger appliance has been released as part of 11.0. We still need to create the appliance page with the download link and other details, but you don't have to wait.
By now I will setup vTiger manually, over a core or LAMP turnkey Lucid ... need to move ahead ... posting just to help finishing this appliance.
As Basil mentioned in the original post, the TKLPatch is based on TurnKey LAMP, not Core. Also note my comment above - The official TurnKey Vtiger appliance has been released.
Dear Alon, tks for the answer ... I did install from iso, but after trying first tklbam-backup, I think it needs some tuning ... it was backing up /etc/.git folder with hundreds of files.
TurnKey vTiger was included in TurnKey Linux 11 release (part one), based on this TKLPatch.


text:
Tregellasia är ett fågelsläkte i familjen sydhakar inom ordningen tättingar. Släktet omfattar endast två arter som förekommer på Nya Guinea och i Australien:
 Vitmaskad sydhake (T. leucops)
 Blekgul sydhake (T. capito)

Referenser

Externa länkar

Sydhakar
Fågelsläkten

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


AI Flight Planner Please Be Aware . . . Don't Mix FS9 and FSX Traffic Files: FS9 traffic files are compatible with FSX. However, as described more fully in the User Manual, if FSX "sees" a compiled-for-FS9 traffic file, it will generate AI traffic for that file and any other compiled-for-FS9 traffic files it …... If you end a flight in progress (use Esc key) you'll be at the FSX interface that shows Home, Free Flight, Missions, etc. in a column at the left. From this screen choose Free Flight , then Save... .
28/02/2015 · Can anyone out there tell me witch of the FSX folders do I place the AI Traffic and AI Flight Plans into without using a Auto Installer ? Any help anyone can give me will be greatly appeased .... 12/09/2013 · Quoting PHLstudent : I usually get the flight plan from flightaware and then use simroutes.com to create a flight plan to load into my Level D 767 FMC. But for flights to and from the US, flightaware will display the flight plan.
Welcome to SimSamurai. We are a small team of professional pilots dedicated to helping the world's aviation community, recreational pilots, and flight simulator hobbyists to create low-cost yet professional quality flight simulators using the latest computer technology.
Don Grovestine accepted the challenge and wrote a new Flight Planner tool with the main focus on converting FS9 flight plans to FSX as well as writing new ones from scratch. He succeeded very well. AIFP is still evolving further and is getting more powerful and convenient with every new release.
Here's a complete list of all airports in the FSX airports file with merged data (airport name, city, state) and with an Excel sheet to calculate distances between airports and a sheet to create flight plans for a particular airport. By Gary McDonald.
19/08/2015 · In addition to having FSX create flight plans for you (that are then automatically imported into your GPS), you can create flight plans online or download them from our website and import those files into FSX's GPS.
30/01/2011 · This is usable for SIDs, as you can create separate FSX flight plan variants per takeoff runway for a particular SID, route, STAR combo. Occasionally you will need to take a moment to jump out to the FSX flight planner to reload a different plan if you get an unexpected takeoff runway.


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13 Spectacular Things to See & Do
What to See & Do Inside the Palace of Versailles & In its Garden
13 Best Attractions & Activities
The Palace of Versailles (Chateau de Versailles) is Europe's most spectacular castle, conveniently located just outside of Paris. It belongs at the top of your "must-see" bucket list for the City of Light and is easy to reach for a day trip - or even a half-day visit.
No other place in the world can match Versailles Palace's combination of dazzling beauty, historical significance, and over-the-top extravagance. It has been open for tours since 1793 and today receives around 15 million visitors each year.
Once you see Versailles, you probably won't feel surprised to learn that Louis XIV put France on the road to eventual bankruptcy and revolution when he created it. Today, it's hard to realize that this vast estate worthy of the "Sun King," as Louis liked to be called, started as a simple hunting lodge.
What's the Best Way to Visit Versailles Palace?
Guided tours will whisk you through a fast-access gate, lead you past the crowds, and make sure you don't miss anything. If this is your first visit, consider a tour which includes transportation from Paris. Here are 7 popular walking and bike tours:
Full-Day Guided Tour of Versailles by private luxury bus from Paris
Skip-the-Line Versailles Palace Guided Tour by train from Paris
Versailles Palace & Gardens: Ticket & Audio Guide by private luxury bus from Paris
Day Trip to Giverny & Versailles Palace & Garden by private luxury bus from Paris
Versailles Bike Tour with Palace & Queen's Farm Entrance by train from Paris
Versailles Sunset Bike Tour with After-Hours Palace Admission & Fireworks Show by train from Paris
Versailles Palace & Gardens Skip-the-Line Guided Tour - no transportation
Prefer to explore Versailles on your own? Save time by getting a reserved-access "Passport" entry ticket the Palace, Garden, and other ticketed areas online.
Inside the Palace of Versailles, fully-restored rooms such as the King's and Queen's sumptuous apartments, the soaring Grand Chapel with its breathtaking vaulted ceiling and golden pipe organ, and of course the dazzling Hall of Mirrors give you plenty of reasons to linger. Plus, there's lots more to see inside, as well as elegant restaurants where you can relax over a meal and savor Marie Antoinette's favorite drink: chocolat chaud (hot chocolate).
But the Palace, magnificent as it is, occupies just one small part of the chateau's immense 2,000+ acre estate you can explore today. Two other smaller châteaus (the Grand Trianon and Petit Trianon), vast gardens filled with numerous statues and fountains, a mile-long body of water called the Grand Canal, and even a replica of a small French village created for Marie Antoinette and her friends give you many more fascinating places to see.
As an added bonus, you can enjoy 21st century recreation and culture: paddle boats in the Canal's basin, concerts, art and Musical Gardens and Musical Fountains shows, including a beautifully illuminated version with fireworks on Saturday nights.
Golden gate to the Palace of Versailles
But here's the challenge when visiting Versailles: with so many attractions, how do you choose what to explore if you don't have time for everything?
We can't answer that question for you because we don't know what you'll like best- but we have compiled a list of 13 fantastic things to consider inside the Palace and beyond.
Want to see and do them all? Plan to spend 2 or 3 days at Versailles (you'll find hotel recommendations below). Otherwise, pick the attractions and activities you like the most!
Why Did Louis XIV Create the Palace of Versailles?
Above all, the sumptuous, spare-no-expense Palace reflects Louis's belief in his god-like status, his divine right to rule, and his absolute power.
But he also had a somewhat sneakier reason for expanding its size to house his entire royal court of 5,000 and to provide office space inside Palace of Versailles for up to 5,000 more: by keeping the potentially treacherous nobility confined in one place under his nose, so to speak, he could keep an eye on them far better than if they lived in Paris.
While today we may recognize that Louis squandered France's resources to prop up his own vanity, the politically-savvy king viewed his expenditures as an investment to ensure his continued right to rule by following this old adage: "Keep your friends close, and your enemies closer."
Top photo: Palace of Versailles, (c) Paris Discovery Guide
The 13 Most Fantastic Things to See at Versailles
The following list gives you just a small sample the many things to experience at Versailles - inside, in the garden, and elsewhere on the estate. You're sure to find much more things to love here.
1. The Dazzling Hall of Mirrors (Galeries des Glaces)
The Hall of Mirrors, Versailles' magnificent ballroom
By far, the most famous top sight inside the Palace of Versailles is the unforgettable, dazzling, over-the-top splendid Hall of Mirrors. Photographs do not do it justice. The experience of standing in the Hall's vast space and seeing reflections of light, massive quantities of gold and crystal, and endlessly multiplying images in the silvery mirrors wherever you look is totally unique.
Glance up, and you'll see vivid paintings - 30 in total - spread across the room's vaulted ceilings. In the 21st century, their meaning isn't readily apparent. But 17th century viewers would have instantly understood their purpose: a celebration of Louis XIV's military and diplomatic victories.
In case you're interested in numbers, the 17 arches stretching across the wall opposite the windows contain a total of 357 mirrors.
What did Louis XIV and later French kings use the Hall of Mirrors for?
Not as much as you might imagine, given its splendor. On a day-by-day basis, courtiers and visitors used it as a passageway. It also came in handy for the lavish balls held after royal weddings.
Perhaps even more important at that time, the huge number of large mirrors lining the "La Grande Galerie" functioned as a not-so-subtle brag about France's manufacturing capabilities at a time when Venice filled its coffers with revenues from mercury glass mirrors created by its highly prized craftsmen.
However, the most significant event in the Hall of Mirrors happened long after the French had rid themselves of the royalty. In 1919, German delegates came here and signed the Treaty of Versailles before representatives from France, the U.S., Great Britain, Italy, and 28 other nations to officially end World War I.
Unfortunately, historians now consider that the treaty's conditions set in motion the rise of fascism and World War II - but that sober fact does nothing to tarnish the beauty of the most famous room in the Palace of Versailles.
2. The King's State Apartments
The Mercury Room in the King's State Apartments at Versailles
Your visit to Versailles will likely include walking through the King's State Apartment.
As you explore the series of seven sumptuous rooms, you're following in the footsteps of countless officials and sovereigns from across Europe back in the days when Louis XIV received visitors here.
Each opulent chamber practically drips with crimson and gold Italianate furnishings, priceless paintings, and crystal chandeliers, all designed to impress.
But did Louis actually live in the King's State Apartment? Not really. It existed primarily for ceremonial purposes and formal entertainment.
So instead, he occupied a smaller, more intimate suite of rooms designed for his personal use. Here, he displayed his favorite paintings and enjoyed more privacy. His successors, Louis XV and Louis XVI, later expanded these private quarters by creating new rooms, including libraries, dining areas, laboratories, scientific galleries, and even a game room. (These small rooms are not normally available to see.)
3. The Queen's State Apartments
The Queen's Bedchamber
Although the Queen's Apartment once mirrored the layout of the King's State Apartment, it now consists of only four splendid rooms.
When you enter the Queen's Bedchamber, you will immediately notice a striking difference in decor. The King's quarters featured rich dark tones and ornate paneling in vogue during the 17th century. In contrast, this area practically glows from the light floral prints and pale tones favored by Queen Marie-Antoinette when she redecorated the apartment nearly 100 years later.
What is remarkable is the room's authenticity. The fabrics used for wall and bed hangings are exact copies of the original, re-woven in Lyon. The jewelry cabinet belonged to Marie-Antoinette. You can still gaze at the paintings she put up of her mom, Empress Maria-Theresa of the Holy Roman Empire, and her brother, Emperor Joseph II.
Marie-Antoinette spent most of her time in the spacious bedroom when she was at the Chateau. This is where she slept, received guests, and even gave birth on a temporary bed brought in for that specific purpose.
However, when she wanted to dine and relax with her friends, she retreated to her own special place, the Hamlet. More about that in a moment!
More about Visiting the Palace of Versailles
Best Tours of Palace of Versailles
Best Hotels & Apartments near the Palace of Versailles
Best Ways to Get from Paris to Versailles Palace
4. The Royal Chapel
The Royal Chapel at Versailles Palace
The Royal Chapel that you see today is actually the fifth one to be built at Chateau. Its construction took over two decades, with more than 110 sculptors and other artists working on the ornate sculptures, paintings, and ornamentation, and completed in 1710. Master organ-maker Clicquot designed the Chapel's renowned pipe organ.
The Chapel soars to 144 feet in height, making it the tallest part of the palace. Like Sainte-Chapelle and other French palace chapels, it features two levels.
The royal family attended mass on the upper level, which would have given them excellent close-up views of the magnificent painted ceilings and domes. However, according to the custom of those times, other court members and the public watched from the ground floor.
When you look at the Royal Chapel from the upper-level observation point used for public viewings, take a moment to imagine the Royal Chapel during its most famous event.
In 1770, 14-year old Marie-Antoinette married the 15-year old Dauphin (later known as Louis XVI) here in front of over 5,000 guests. She wore a lavender dress adorned with diamonds and pearls, and he sported a silver suit. After the ceremony, a crowd of 200,000 watched fireworks on the Estate's grounds.
5. Art at Versailles Palace
Ceiling painting in the Room of Abundance in the King's State Apartments
As you explore the Palace of Versailles, you'll see superb paintings, sculptures, and other art everywhere you look. In fact, the Estate contains about 6,000 paintings and 3,000 sculptures. But if you also count frescoes, furnishings, tapestries, and other decorative items, the total swells to approximately 60,000 pieces of art. Not bad for a former hunting lodge!
When Louis-Philippe became the King of France in 1830, four decades after Marie Antoinette and Louis XVI fled from an angry mob, he transformed the former Palace into a museum.
Paintings in the Gallery of Great Battles commissioned by Louis-Philippe, France's 'citizen-king,' in 1833 and created by the top historical painters of that time including Delacroix and Vernet
With so many beautiful things competing for your attention, focusing on individual pieces of art can feel challenging.
So what's the best approach for appreciating the Palace's extensive art collection?
Here's a pro tip: imagine that you're an art collector and just focus on one passion. Here are a few suggestions (but feel free to substitute your own favorites):
Painted ceilings - you'll spot them in almost every room
The 33 huge paintings depicting 1,500 years of French history in the Gallery of Great Battles, the largest room in the Chateau
Fabric art, including tapestries, wall coverings, bed panels, and upholstery (hint: the Queen's Apartments offer many wonderful examples, thanks to Marie-Antoinette)
6. The Royal Opera House
Inside the Royal Opera House at Versailles - Photo credit: Tanya Hart
By the time Louis XV's reign began after his great-grandfather's death, the Chateau boasted many splendid things: 2,143 windows, 1,252 chimneys, 67 staircases, and enough space for 3,000 residents and up to 10,000 visitors in its staterooms.
But to Louis's embarrassment, the Palace of Versailles lacked an opera house. So, despite France's increasing financial difficulties, Louis ordered construction of the Opéra Royal. At its completion in 1770, just in time for the wedding of his son (the future Louis XIV) and Marie Antoinette, it became the largest concert hall in Europe.
Today, the magnificent Royal Opera House continues to be used for ballet, concerts, and operatic performances. When you visit, observe the elaborate decor, sparkling chandeliers, tiered seating, and spectacular painted ceiling featuring Apollo. If you have the opportunity to attend a performance, you'll love the superb acoustics.
Although Louis XV made other changes to the Palace, such as adding rooms in the attic to house his various mistresses, the Royal Opera is his signature contribution.
Get Your Versailles Tickets Now:
Full-Day Guided Tour of Versailles- Guided tour of the Palace, Trianons, and Queen's Estate; transportation by private luxury bus
Skip-the-Line Versailles Palace Guided Tour- Guided tour of Palace plus access to Musical Fountains or Musical Gardens; travel by train from Paris
Versailles Palace & Gardens: Ticket & Audio Guide- A guide whisks you through the fast-entry gate, and you explore on your own with an audio guide; luxury bus transport from Paris
Day Trip from Paris to Giverny & Versailles Palace & Garden- Visit both attractions in one day
Versailles Bike Tour with Palace & Queen's Farm Entrance - Bike tour of the Estate plus tickets to the Palace and Marie-Antoinette's Estate
Versailles Sunset Bike Tour with After-Hours Palace Admission & Fireworks Show- Includes Musical Fountains at sunset and travel by train from Paris
Versailles Palace & Gardens Skip-the-Line Guided Tour - Guided tour with fast-track access; choose a private or group tour, or opt for audio guides
Paris Museum Pass - Free "Passport" admission to Palace, Trianons, Marie-Antoinette's Estate, Gardens (except on Musical Fountains and Musical Gardens days)
Versailles Palace & Gardens Full Access Ticket & Audio Guide -Timed entry "Passport" ticket to the Palace, Trianons, and Queen's Estate; includes an audio guide.
7. The Palace of Versailles' Gardens
In 1661, famed landscape architect André Le Nôtre began a project to totally transform the Palace's wild grounds.
Over the next 30 years, he created formal gardens with paths, planting beds, hedges, specimen trees, and water features.
The Flora Fountain, at the crossroads of several hedge-walled Groves, wears a floral crown and is surrounded by flowers as Flora is the Roman goddess of flowers
After reshaping the land, Le Nôtre used tall hedges and trees to create a grid of garden rooms divided by broad gravel paths and punctuated with pools and fountains.
Within the rooms (called "The Groves"), he positioned statues, planted themed gardens, and installed fountains. One, called the Ballroom Grove, even contains a sunken amphitheater with an 8-tiered cascading fountain.
Almost four centuries of revolutions, neglect, storms, and time took their toll. But happily, recent restoration efforts have repaired much of the damage, and the gardens you'll enjoy today are much like the original.
When you stand with the Palace at your back and look out at the expansive garden area, you'll see a grand tree-lined allée (alley) leading your eyes to the horizon.
Statues in the walls of a Grove overlooking summer flowers at Versailles Gardens
Near the Palace, you'll see broad swaths of statue-lined formal gardens. However, the magnificent walled Groves are hidden from sight - so if you want to see them, plan to spend some time exploring the grounds.
You can do this on foot, by hopping on the little train that circles the grounds, or on one of the bikes offered for rent by the hour. Golf carts are also available for rent, but sensors confine them to the main paths. However, you can easily pull over, park your cart, and walk into the "hidden" gardens.
The Groves continue down the entire length of the Grand Canal. Beyond that point, Versailles' massive park continues to the west.
Many of the Groves are open to the public only on Musical Gardens and Musical Fountains days - so make sure your tour or ticket includes this access if you want it.
8. The Grand Canal
Latona's Fountain with the Green Carpet, Basin of Apollo (barely visible), and Grand Canal in the background - Photo credit: Patrick
The grand allée called "The Royal Drive" forms an axis through the landscape. It begins as a gravel-paved path bisected by a 4-tiered fountain. Past the gravel is an expanse of grass called "The Green Carpet," with marble statues lining the hedges and trees that form the walls of the "Groves," Versailles' hidden gardens.
The Basin of Apollo, with Apollo's Fountain at the center and the Grand Canal in the background
And finally, beyond the Apollo Basin, the Grand Canal stretches for more than a mile (1.65 km) to merge with the horizon - one of Le Notre's most brilliant landscape designs.
The Grand Canal
The grassy portion of the allée ends at a large round pool called the Apollo Basin. At its center, surrounded by water falling from a fountain, is a chariot by the Sun God himself.
As you may notice if you've ever seeing paintings of Louis XIV, this sculptor of Apollo bears a striking resemblance to the "Sun King" as he holds the reins of galloping horses half-rising from the water.
9. Fun Things to Do on the Palace Grounds
Row boats on the Grand Canal
With so much spectacular art, architecture, history, and natural beauty to absorb during your Versailles visit, it's easy to overlook all the fun things to do while you're at the Estate. But that would be a mistake!
So set aside some time to enjoy Versailles' recreational offerings. Paddle around the Grand Canal in a row boat. Take a golf cart on a tour around the gardens and explore all their secluded "rooms." Hop on a bike for a ride through the Chateau's extensive parklands. Pick up some carry-out food and at the onsite cafe and find a grassy spot for a picnic.
These activities could become your favorite memories of your day at the Palace!
How to do it: Boats, golf carts, and bikes are available to rent by the hour behind the Palace.
10. Musical Fountains Shows & Musical Gardens at Versailles
Night Fountains show at Versailles' Basin of Apollo and Grand Canal - Photo credit: Yann Caradec
One of the best things to do at the Palace of Versailles is to experience a Musical Fountains Show, Night Fountains Show, or Musical Gardens.
During the Musical Fountains Shows, fountains in the Estate's gardens are programmed to spout water to the beat of Baroque music as you stroll along suggested paths. The shows take place on Saturdays and Sundays from the last week in May through the end of October and on Bastille Day, July 14th. Not all fountains will be on at all times during the day due to environmental considerations. To see all 32 functional fountains in play, be in the garden during late afternoon hours (3:30pm-5:30pm).
An evening version, the Night Fountains Show, takes place from 8:30pm-11:05pm on Saturday evenings from the second week of June through mid-September and on Bastille Day. Lighting and special effects such as lasers bring the fountains to life. The evening concludes with a fantastic fireworks display in front of the Grand Canal.
The Musical Gardens show gives you access to groves and gardens not usually open to the public. As you walk around admiring the beautiful flowers, sculptures, topiaries, and other hidden treasures, you'll hear Baroque music wafting through the air. Musical Gardens takes place on Tuesdays through Fridays during July (except for Bastille Day) and August and on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Fridays during September and October.
So what's the best show to see? Both Musical Fountains and the Night Fountains shows focus on water displays and music, with spectacular fireworks added to the mix during the evening event. With to Musical Gardens, you get to see special areas that you can't access at other times while listening to the same lovely music Louis XIV might have heard.
11. Grand & Petit Trianon Palaces
Colonnade at the Grand Trianon
As much as Louis XIV loved Versailles itself, he grew tired of the rigid protocols and lack of privacy imposed by court life. Perhaps equally important, he needed a private place to rendez-vous with his mistress of that time, Madame de Montespan. So, he asked architect Jules Hardouin-Mansart to build him "A little palace of pink marble and porphyry, with marvellous gardens."
Although the small palace was ready for use in 1670, it rather quickly fell apart, as did Louis's relationship with his mistress. The second iteration, completed in 1688, is what you see today.
The Grand Trianon has two large sections divided by a long Italian-style colonnade specifically requested by Louis. In fact, Louis dictated many aspects of the charming single-floor structure, including the multiple floor-to-almost-ceiling windows, which we now know as "French doors." He also designed the palace so that all rooms look out over the gardens filled with fragrant flowers.
Louis-Philippe's family room, complete with game tables and sewing tables, at the Grand Trianon during his reign as King of France from 1830-1848
Through the centuries, the Grand Trianon has been home to various branches of Louis's family and their descendants, Napoleon Bonaparte and his second wife, and even King Louis-Philippe and his family after the Restoration.
Napoleon installed most of the First Empire decor and furnishings you'll see today, as the original pieces from Louis's tenure were sold during the French Revolution.
12. Petit Trianon Palace at Versailles
Flower gardens in front of Marie Antoinette's Petit Trianon - Photo credit: Herbert Frank
Although Louis XV built the Petit Trianon in the 1760s for his mistress during that period, Madame de Pompadour, she died before it could be completed, so her successor, Madame du Barry, lived there instead. A botanical garden, arboretum, and small ménagerie near Petit Trianon gave Louis, a devoted botanist, a place to pursue his hobby of creating rare plants.
However, the Petit Trianon is most closely associated with Marie-Antoinette, who received it and the surrounding gardens as a gift from Louis XVI when he ascended the throne in 1774. They were only 19 and 20 at the time and already suffering from the royal court's constraints, pressures, and judgmental gossip.
Music room in Petit Trianon during Marie Antoinette's residence - Photo credit: Jean-Pierre Dalbéra
The Petit Trianon quickly became Marie-Antoinette's refuge. No one was allowed to enter without her express consent, and she invited only her closest friends - which increased resentment among the court's nobility.
She changed the garden to a more naturalistic English-style design, where Louis XVI like to gather his own herbs. Nearby, she added a small theater as a place to stage her own shows and a Greek-style "Temple of Love."
She was in her garden in 1789 when a page brought the news that an angry armed crowd would soon arrive from Paris. She, Louis, and their children fled on the following day, never to return.
Temple of Love at the Petit Trianon
The Petit Trianon's furnishings, art, and ornamentation were sold at auction a few years later, and the property fell into neglect. The palace remained unused until Napoleon had it renovated as a residence for his sister Pauline.
Thanks to an extensive restoration a few years ago, both the palace and its gardens again look lovely.
13. The Hamlet (Hameau de la Reine)
The rustic Flemish-style mill house (the mill wheel is on the other side) and lavender garden in Marie Antoinette's Hamlet in the park of the Château de Versailles - Photo credit: Alexandre Breveglieri
Thanks to artists and philosophers such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Diderot who romanticized country life, creating one's own rustic farm hamlet, or hameau, became trendy among the late-18th century French aristocracy who owned large estates and had enough funds to indulge this vision of "the simple life."
Marie-Antoinette jumped on board with this trend. Her picturesque Hamlet included a dozen rustic cottages and buildings including a barn, mill, dairy, and dovecote. Although she retained five for her personal use, she turned the others into a working farm which she managed along with a head farmer, herdsmen, gardeners, and laborers. The Hamlet's vegetable gardens, vineyards, fields orchards, and dairy produced much of the food consumed at the Palace of Versailles.
Restoration efforts during recent years have brought several of the original buildings and gardens back to life. The Hameau gives a fascinating glimpse of the charming rural landscape of the Queen's favorite part of Versailles.
How to Visit the Palace of Versailles
Here's our "cheat sheet" to all the best ways to visit the Palace of Versailles:
Come with a Tour Group from Paris (Transportation Included)
What's the best, easiest, and most stress-free way to experience the Palace of Versailles?
If this is your first visit, book a guided walking or bike tour which includes transportation from Paris. Your expert guide will whisk you through a fast-track tour-only gate to save you from wasting time in line, lead you past the crowds inside the Palace, and make sure you get the most from your experience by giving you special insights and history about what you're seeing.
Guided Walking Tours with Bus or Train Transportation Included:
Here are several recommended options:
Full-Day Guided Tour of Versailles - Includes travel on a air-conditioned luxury bus to and from Paris, guided tours of all the important Palace rooms, the Grand and Petit Trianons, and Marie-Antoinette's Estate, plus lunch. You'll have time to explore the Gardens on your own. Book now
Skip-the-Line Versailles Palace Tour by Train - Includes travel by train with your guide from Paris, a 3-hour guided tour of the Palace, and a return train ticket to Paris. Explore the Gardens and see the Musical Gardens or Musical Fountains show, depending on the day of the week, on your own and return to Paris whenever you want. Book now
Versailles Palace & Gardens: Ticket, Audio Guide, & Bus from Paris - This is a great choice if you want the convenience of bus transportation to and from Paris but prefer audio guides or exploring independently rather than taking a guided tour. Choose a full day excursion which includes entry to the Grand and Petit Trianons, as well as to Marie Antoinette's Estate, or a morning or afternoon (which include the Palace and Gardens including whichever show is scheduled for that day) tour. Book now
Day Trip to Giverny & Versailles Palace & Gardens- Visit both Claude Monet's home and gardens at Giverny and the Palace of Versailles in one day from Paris. Includes luxury bus transportation to and from Paris and between Giverny and Versailles, tickets to both places, and lunch in Giverny. Choose whether you want an audio guide or guided tour when you book. Book now
Guided Bike Tours of Versailles (With Transportation Included)
Want to see Versailles the fun way?
On these guided bike tours, you meet your guide in Paris, travel to Versailles together on the train, pick up bikes and buy food for a picnic meal, and then you'll get a guided tour by bike of the Estate (except for the Palace and Gardens where bikes are prohibited).
You'll also get an entry ticket to the Palace (which you can explore on your own) and a return train ticket for Paris.
Here are three popular choices:
Versailles Bike Tour with Palace & Queen's Farm Entrance - A wonderful bike tour of the Estate plus entry tickets to the Palace and Marie Antoinette's Hamlet and Farm where you can explore on your own
Skip-the-Line Versailles Bike Tour & Guide - On this small-group tour, your guides will customize the day according to the group's interests - but typically, you'll explore the Gardens, Trianons, and Marie-Antoinette's Hamlet as part of a guided bike tour, and explore the Palace with a guide (or on your own, if you prefer), enjoy a picnic with wine tasting, and return together to Paris at the end of the day.
Paris: Versailles Sunset Bike Tour with Fireworks Show - After a fun bike tour and picnic dinner with your guide, you'll get an entry ticket to the Garden where you can see the Musical Fountains Show and exclusive after-hours admission to the Palace where you'll see costumed performers and musicians as you explore the Hall of Mirrors and other famous rooms. Your evening ends at dark with a spectacular fireworks and lights show over the Grand Canal.
Travel to Versailles on Your Own & Take a Guided Tour
Travel to Versailles on your own and meet up with your guide, who will take you through the fast-track tour entrance. You'll then have a guided tour of the most important rooms as your guide whisks you around the crowds and shows you things you might miss on your own.
Here are two excellent choices:
Versailles Palace: Skip-the-Line Guided Tour - Guided tour of the Palace; choose to do this with a group or as a private tour. Please note: A ticket for Garden access (when one is required) is not included - so if you want that, see the tour below. Book now
Versailles Palace & Gardens Skip-the-Line Guided Tour - Same as the above tour but also includes Garden access and Musical Fountains or Musical Gardens, if available (depends on day and season). Book now
Get Skip-the-Line Tickets & Come on Your Own
Versailles Palace & Gardens Full Access Ticket & Audio Guide - This "Passport" ticket gives you access to the Palace, the Grand and Petit Trianons, and Marie Antoinette's Estate plus you get an audio guide. Plus, you can upgrade to include the seasonal Musical Fountains or Musical Gardens if available. Timed-entry reduces your wait in line.
Versailles Palace Skip-the-Line Entrance & Breakfast at Ore - You start with breakfast at the Alain Ducasse restaurant Ore, and then get skip the line access to the palace where you can explore its magnificent rooms on your own. You also get access to the gardens, but only if you're there on a day when the Musical Fountains or Musical Gardens shows are not scheduled.
Find out more about getting to Versailles on your own
Can You Use Your Paris Museum Pass for the Palace of Versailles?
Yes, the Paris Museum Pass gives you free entry to the Palace of Versailles, but there are a couple of things you should know:
With the Paris Museum Pass, you get free entry to Versailles Palace and the Trianon Estate including the Grand and Petit Palaces, but not to Marie Antoinette's Estate. It also does not include the Gardens or Groves during the Musical Fountains or Musical Gardens.
Although the Paris Museum Pass gives you skip-the-line entry to Versailles, you must still go through the security line. Fortunately, timed-entry slots make that process much faster than it used to be, but occasional glitches can cause a longer wait, especially during peak tourist season.
Find out more about the Paris Museum Pass
When is Peak Tourist Season at Versailles?
During a typical year, the number of visitors to the Palace of Versailles peaks between early April through late October. Yes, that's a very long period - but Versailles is extremely popular.
During that period, July and August are the very busiest months when lines will be the longest.
Although there's no such thing as a "slow" day during these periods, the biggest crowds typically occur on weekends. Tuesdays, when the Louvre and a number of other Paris museums close for the day, can also be extremely busy.
Palace of Versailles Fun Facts
The beautiful golden gates you pass through when you enter the Palace grounds are a copy of the originals, destroyed during the French Revolution.
Versailles Palace covers about 721,206 square feet (67,002 sq m). In comparison, the average single family house in the U.S. contains about 2,300 square feet (217 sq m). You could fit more than three average U.S. single family houses into the Hall of Mirrors (8,256 sq ft/767 sq m).
Louis XIV began using his father's hunting chateau at Versailles as a place to tryst with his mistress in the early 1660s. He decided renovations, additions, and landscaping were necessary to make the place fit for a king. One thing led to another and by 1678, Louis realized he could control the rebellious nobility and government officials by moving them, their families, and their entourages from Paris to the more isolated countryside - a "keep your enemies close" tactic that required additional expansions of the Palace.
Louis XIV believed he ruled by "divine right" and cast himself as the "Sun King." Not surprisingly, you'll see lots of depictions of Apollo, the Sun God from Greek mythology, as you tour the Palace and Gardens. So consider this: Apollo was Louis's alter ego, and Versailles was the temple he created for himself.
In addition to becoming the center for much of France's best art (at one point, the Mona Lisa in the Kings State Apartments), Versailles Palace boasted over 100 libraries containing more than 200,000 books and manuscripts before the French Revolution, according to a post-Revolution inventory. The palace even became a museum for a few decades starting in 1837. Today, you can still see three of these libraries in the Royal Chambers - but most of the books are now fake. The originals were moved to the National Library. Although much of the art is now in the Louvre Museum, plenty of it remains on display at Versailles.
Although 17,182 pieces of the palace's art, furnishings, and decor were removed and sold after the Revolution, the French government decreed in 1962 that all items originally belonging to Versailles be returned from other museums throughout France. An ongoing effort to acquire furniture and other objects from private collections continues today, as does the restoration effort to replace wall coverings and other ornamentation. So when you tour the many rooms of the palace now open to the public, much of what you'll see (except for the books) is original and almost exactly like it was on October 6, 1789 when Marie Antoinette, Louis XVI, and their son fled from the angry mob of Parisians who stormed the palace demanding bread.
Not sure if this is a "fun" fact about Versailles - but among all those rooms filled with gold and silver furnishings, priceless tapestries, and art during Louis XIV's reign, there were no bathrooms, no toilets, and certainly no modern plumbing or effective sanitation system for the 7,000 - 10,000 people who lived and worked there. Only a few hundred of the top nobility had chamber pots, and chambermaids typically dumped the contents out the nearest window - so imagine if you happened to be standing below it. Everyone else relieved themselves in communal latrines or wherever convenient - under stairways, in secluded halls or a momentarily unoccupied room, or perhaps outdoors. You had to be very, very careful about where you stepped - and not become overwhelmed by the stench. Something to think about when you use the clean, modern toilets available throughout Versailles today!
Sanitation began to improve under Louis XV, the great-grandson of Louis XIV. In 1738 he installed a flush toilet ("water closet") imported from England that dumped water from an overhead tank into the toilet and then down into drains, which eliminated lingering odors from his apartment - although most of the castle continued to reek from open latrines still in use elsewhere.
In 1763 when Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was only seven, he played a concert for Louis XV's daughters, Adélaïde and Victoire, both of whom were accomplished musicians, in their private sitting room at Versailles.
FAQs: Chateau de Versailles
Q: How many people visit Versailles each year?
A: Over 15 million during a typical year. For context, Versailles attracts the second highest number of visitors in the Paris region, placing it behind the Louvre Museum and ahead of the Eiffel Tower.
Q: How large is the Estate of Versailles?
A: The Palace of Versailles and its grounds cover 2,014 acres (815 hectares).
Q: How much did Versailles cost to build?
A: No one really knows due to the difficulty of 1) calculating the cost of materials and labor during that time, and 2) performing accurate currency conversion from the 1600s to present day value.
But estimates by experts range from about $3.5 billion (in 2019 U.S. dollars) to perhaps as much as 100 times that amount. Yes, that's a staggering $350,000,000,000 - about one third of a trillion dollars.
The expenditures, along with other disastrous losses to Great Britain during the Seven Years' War, destroyed the country's finances.
You can draw a straight line from the excesses of the absolute monarchs to the bankruptcy of the French government in 1788 to the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789.
Q: How long did construction take?
A: Construction of Versailles began in 1661 and by 1682, expansion of the former hunting lodge progressed enough to enable Louis XIV to move his Royal Court plus the entire French government to the new palais. However, additional construction and renovations continued up until the beginning of the French Revolution in 1789. About 36,000 workers contributed the effort during the century-plus construction period.
Q: How many rooms does the Palace of Versailles have?
A: When Louis XIV moved in: Around 700, plus 67 staircases and about 1,250 chimneys. Worth noting: despite all those chimneys, the palace was notorious for being punitively cold during the winter - so frigid, occupants claimed, that glasses of wine placed on tables would freeze before they could be drunk.
Today, after major expansions that continued up to 1789: Around 2,300 rooms. And, you'll be glad to know, ongoing updates have included an effective heating system.
Q: How many people lived at Versailles during Louis XIV's reign?
A: During Louis XIV's tenure, the main palace could accommodate about 5,000, including servants, although another 2,000 - 5,000 worked there in the French government offices. Another 17,000 soldiers and servants occupied annexes and quarters in the nearby town of Versailles.
Versailles Visitor Information: Tickets, Hours, Location
At this time, all tickets must be bought online. If you book a guided museum tour, your ticket will be included.
Palace,,Trianon, and Marie-Antoinette's Estate admission is free to all visitors under 18 years old, EU citizens (or long-term residents) between 18 and 25 years old, and holders of a valid Paris Museum Pass (who must also reserve a date/time online); however, tickets are required for Musical Fountains and Musical Gardens shows regardless of age or citizenship/residency.
Find out more about the best Palace of Versailles Tours
Days open: Tuesday through Sunday
Days closed: Mondays
Hours open: Palace: 9am - 6:30pm; Gardens: 8am - 8:30pm; Trianons: 12 noon - 6:30pm; Park: 7am-8:30pm
Palace of Versailles Address & Transportation
Location: Place d'Armes, 78000 Versailles, France
Getting there: 6 best ways to get from Paris to Versailles by tour bus, train, bike, & more
Map Showing Palace of Versailles,Grand Trianon, Petit Trianon, Hamlet, & RER Train Station Locations
Things to Know Before Your Visit
The following items are not allowed inside the palaces and gardens: pets, weapons or sharp objects, baby strollers, food and drinks, luggage or large bags (see next item below), selfie sticks, high-heeled shoes, or umbrellas
A storage office is located near the entrance for smaller items such as baby strollers, handbags, backpacks, and food
Due to security considerations, bags must be smaller than 55 x 35 x 25 cm (21.7 x 13.8 x 9.9 inches); larger bags cannot be stored
Once you leave the palace and other ticketed areas (such as the Trianons), you can't re-enter with the same ticket.
You can enter the Palace Gardens for free on days when Musical Gardens or Fountain Shows are not scheduled; currently, free entry days include Wednesdays during September and October, and every day from November through March
Where to Stay near Versailles Palace
Whether you want to spend more than one day exploring the Chateau de Versailles, arrive as early as possible, or have a late dinner in town and head back to Paris the next day, you'll find plenty of wonderful places to stay near the Estate.
As a bonus, rates are noticeably cheaper than in Paris, so in addition to the convenience, staying in Versailles is an smart (and easy) way to save money.
Here are several top choices:
Hôtel Le Louis Versailles Chateau MGallery - This charming 4-star mid-sized hotel offers an ideal location between the Rive Gauche RER station and the Palace of Versailles, plenty of amenities, and excellent service.
Book best deals
Hotel d'Angleterre - This popular 2-star hotel offers simple and rather basic accommodations at cheap (even for Versailles) rates. All rooms have private baths, but the hotel does not have air-conditioning or an elevator.
Book great deals
Le Logis Versaillais Apartments - These 12 attractive modern apartments overlooking a quiet paved courtyard range in size from studios to 1-bedrooms and feature modern decor and kitchenettes.
Find best rates
Find more hotels and apartments near Versailles - including a new, super-luxurious 5-star hotel inside the Palace of Versailles itself!
Map Showing Paris Hotels
Use this Versailles hotel map to find more places to stay near the Palace. Enter your check-in date for your visit to see what's available:
Find more hotels in Paris & at other day trip destinations
More Famous French Palaces & Chateaus to Visit
Did you know you can easily visit other French châteaus and castles from Paris? Here are several fantastic places to visit with a tour group or on your own:
Loire Valley Castles Small Group Tour - Visit the magnificent castles of Chenonceau, Amboise, and Chambord, learn about court life, and see the lovely Loire Valley and its charming villages on this small-group tour limited to 8 visitors.
Fontainebleau & Vaux-le-Vicomte - See two of France's most celebrated chateaux: Château Fontainebleau, a UNESCO World Heritage site famous for its gardens, splendid furnishings, and eight centuries of continuous occupancy by French royalty; and Vaux-le-Vicomte, the inspiration for the Palace of Versailles.
"Enchanted Kingdom" - If you're traveling with kids, Disneyland Paris, with its fairytale-like pink castle, may be their favorite chateau in France, and it's within easy reach of the city. Opt for a full-day ticket with transportation services by a private chauffeur/guide to and from your hotel or apartment in Paris - or get just Disney entry and round-trip train (RER A) tickets and make the 40-minute trip on your own.
Chateau de Vincennes - Part medieval castle, part fortress, and eventually a prison, this former hunting lodge at the edge of the Bois de Vincennes in the 12th arrondissement was the home of 12th and 14th century French kings. You won't find fancy furnishings like at Versailles, but the 14th century fortified tower is the highest of its type in Europe. How to get to the castle? Just take the Metro to the end-of-the-line Chateau de Vincennes station.
More Articles about Other Top Paris Attractions
Best Versailles Palace Tours from Paris
How to Get from Paris to Versailles Palace - 6 Options
Where to Stay near the Palace of Versailles - From budget to luxury
Paris Museum Pass - How much money and time can you save with it?
How to get fast entry to top Paris attractions with skip-the-line tickets
Easy day trips from Paris to Versailles, Giverny, Mont Saint Michel, D-Day Normandy Beaches, Disneyland, London, Bruges, & more

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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August 2008, Richard Avedon @ Jeu de Paume
Richard Avedon: Photographs 1946-2004
July 1 through September 27, 2008
Jeu de Paumes's current exhibition represents the first complete retrospective of Avedon's work since his death in 2004. The show, organized officially by the Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, Humlebaek, Denmark and the Jeu de Paume, with the collaboration of The Richard Avedon Foundation, New York presents an extraordinary display of the magnitude of Avedon's talent and career. His work, organized chronologically through a series of seven separate rooms, emphasizes his most prolific and profound works; as an artist whose career spans more than six decades, the two hundred and fifty photos displayed present a mere glimpse of his career.
Known initially as a fashion photographer in the 50s and 60s, working then for Harper's Bazaar and Vogue, Avedon's earlier images reflect the post war, Art deco period of Parisian fashion photography. The static models, always impeccably dressed in haute couture, appear as mere statues devoid of intense action, yet simultaneously caught in a moment of somber reflection. This series, captured in the same crisp manner and printed within a similar sized frame represents a commentary of fashion as much as the unveiling of a new photographic talent.
Avedon's second series, Made in France constantly fixates upon his then fashion muse, Suzy Parker. Her exquisite and intoxicating beauty transforms itself throughout Avedon's prints, each time revealing a new dimension of the artist's multi-faceted lens. At this point Avedon's fashion photography departs from static to spontaneous as he discovers the true profundity of natural light; his images respond to the lush tonalities created by light's constant permeation. This series presents a fascinating and rare display of Avedon's original prints used for the engraving of Harper's Bazaar. His constant notation and comments throughout all prints gives the viewer a glimpse of the artist's genius ness at work. These intimate prints are characterized by their iconoclastic Parisian settings (café's, avenues, monuments), each of which evokes a seemingly timeless mood.
Only upon entering into the third section of this exhibition do we recognize some of Avedon's most memorable prints: his unmistakable portraits. The stark white background surrounding each person empties the composition, creating an almost clinical, psychological interpretation of the multi-faceted person depicted. Avedon naturally captures the inherent flaws and complexities within each human; instead of capturing a reality or truth, his portraits reveal an opinion. It is within this manner and style that Avedon continues to capture the human condition. The next forty years of his life (and the remainder of the exhibition) focuses on this pursuit, eventually transforming both Avedon and his style into an indisputable photographic hallmark.
The most impressive image, in both substance and size, is Andy Warhol and the Factory (1960-70). This lateral frieze, spread across several adjoining frames implies a certain time lapse occurred, as double portraits appear within the frieze. The improvisational method that Avedon employed aptly reflects the artistic, social, and sexual revolution surrounding Warhol's NYC Factory in the late 60s. The impressiveness of this frieze when witnessed in person is unmistakably shocking; Avedon's spread of naked, life-size transsexuals surprises yet intrigues, disturbs yet fascinates. The balance is just enough to remain fixated in front of the frieze, all the while reconciling the difference of emotions felt.
The next decade of portraits, in which his 1976 presidential election campaign series The Family was commissioned by Rolling Stone Magazine, and presents a more serious, almost traditional expression of portraiture. The impressiveness of this series rests on the number of portraits captured (in total sixty-nine), all of which hang in miniature form within a perfectly configured square. The format, like the subject matter, seems a conservative contrast to his traditional portraits.
The most moving and memorable of series remains at the end of the exhibition: In the American West 1980-90. The series, commission by the Amon Carter Museum, Fort Worth, TX took Avedon on a journey through seventeen states, capturing 752 people, and expressing, most importantly, the plight of the everyday American man. Isolated from their surroundings and detached from their professions, each portrait expresses the real depth and solitude felt in the human condition. Standing against Avedon's iconoclastic white backdrop and devoid of overt reaction, each person conveys a hauntingly profound emotion, a feeling that resonates with each individual irrespective of difference. Standing in front of each enlarged black and white print, whether of a waitress or uranium driller, I was reminded of our indisputable and undeniable connection to one another, of the human condition and connection we all feel, and of our similarities more than our differences. I moved through the darkened, isolated room with chills, stepping out into the light with a profound realization that I had witnessed a truly remarkable exhibition; that I had a newfound perspective from Avedon's ingenious retrospective.
Tara Desjardins
Raised in the United Arab Emirates and Indonesia, Tara Desjardins interest in art started at a young age. Tara holds a B.A degree in Art History from Skidmore College, with a minor in Middle Eastern studies, and an M.A. degree in Art Business from the Sotheby's Institute of Art, London. Tara has worked for the chief curators of Islamic art at the British Museum and the Freer Gallery at the Smithsonian Institute. In addition, she has also worked as the press director at the Sherry French Gallery, New York City. Tara is currently an editorial assistant at Parkstone International as well as a Paris-based freelance writer specializing in Contemporary Arabic art. desjardins.tara@gmail.com


Shipyard, an exhibition by ACS member, and renowned Scottish artist, Lachlan Goudie is currently on show at Portsmouth Historic Dockyard.
For the last seven years, Goudie has been sketching and painting at the BAE shipyards on the Clyde and Forth, chronicling the construction of the new generation of Royal Naval ships — specifically the world leading Type 45 destroyers and the monolithic Queen Elizabeth class aircraft carriers — as well as capturing the people who work to create these giants.
This exhibition is the first opportunity to see Lachlan's drawings and paintings on display in Portsmouth, HMS Queen Elizabeth's home port. Goudie has discussed the inspiration behind Shipyard in an instalment of our Artist Spotlight series here.


Tampa Bay Buccaneers rookie wide receiver Mike Evans opened a lot of eyes on Sunday when he absolutely manhandled veteran cornerback Terrance Newman with a devastating block.
Evans is a leading contender for offensive rookie of the year in the NFL thanks to his talents catching the football. But at 6-foot-5 and 230 pounds, he can also be a force with his blocks and that's exactly what Newman learned on this play.


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Aston Martin DBR9 GT1 2010 v1.6
The Aston Martin DBR9 is a racing car built by Aston Martin Racing, debuting in 2005 and racing actively in international sportscar racing until the end of GT1 category in 2011. The name DBR9 is derived from the original 24 Hours of Le Mans-winning DBR1 car, named for then-owner David Brown, which not only won the 24 Hour race in 1959 but also the World Sportscar…
Cars, Gran Turismo, GRID, GTR2Endurance, FIA, GT1, Le MansLeave a comment
Ginetta G50 GT4 v1.2
The Ginetta G50 is a specialist GT4 class-developed racing car, designed by Ginetta Cars. A road version of the car was planned, but did not enter wide-scale production; instead, the smaller Ginetta G40 was launched. Launched in 2008, the G50 was awarded Autosport National Car of the Year in its first year. With its own Ginetta GT Supercup one-make series…
Cars, Gran Turismo, GTR2, Speedster63Sports CarLeave a comment
HD Gloves and Suits v2.0
HD Gloves & Suits v2.0 brings you Alpinestars TECH 1-Z and TECH 1-ZX gloves as well as Momo Pro Racer Club gloves. From v1.0 also remain Alpinestars GP Pro suit and Alpinestars TECH 1-K shoes. 4096×4096 px textures with new shading and bump maps in same resolution will offer even more quality and detailed result like never before.
GTR2, POP, SkinsAddon, Texture1 Comment
FVR V8 Supercars 2009 v1.5
The Supercars Championship (known as the Virgin Australia Supercars Championship for sponsorship purposes) is a touring car racing category based in Australia and run as an International Series under Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) regulations. Supercars events take place in all Australian states and the Northern Territory, with the Australian…
Cars, GTR2, TouringFIA, Touring, V8 SupercarsLeave a comment
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[2015-MLC-M] including men's games with Carleton, Colorado, Illinois, Iowa State, Minnesota, Missouri, Northwestern, Texas, and Wisconsin.
[2015-MLC-W] including women's games with Colorado, Colorado College, Iowa State, Northwestern, and Notre Dame.
[2017-NWC-W/M] including men's games with Brigham Young and Washington and women's games with Cal, Carleton, Colorado, Dartmouth, Michigan, Notre Dame, Oregon, Pittsburgh, Stanford, UC - Los Angeles, Virginia, and Washington.


1. Preheat oven to 350,grease a 13x9-inch baking pan.
4. Combine the sugar& 1 cup butter in a large mixer bowl.
5. Beat at medium speed,scraping bowl often,until creamy (2-3 minutes).
6. Add eggs,the sour cream& vanilla extract.
8. Add all the remaining coffee cake ingredients.
10. Spread half the batter into pan.
11. Spread peach filling over batter.
12. Drop spoonfuls of remaining batter over filling (do not spread).
14. Bake 60-70 minutes or until toothpick in center comes out clean.
17. Drizzle over the cooled coffee cake.


How does a girl say no to an offer like that? She'd only gone and won two tickets!
So on Wednesday afternoon I hopped on the speedy virgin train to London – only hour and 15 minutes from Stafford and only arrived 2 minutes late. Yay for good trains!
When we arrived in London I quickly whipped to my brothers, luckily located close to euston station and got ready to go!
I decided on this gorgeous motel rocks number and teamed it with these amazing primark lattice wedges and a River Island clutch!
The first thing that struck me when I arrived, as someone who isn't a Londoner and a country bumkin like myself, after navigating the tube, was the sheer magnitude of the 02 arena!
In this shot you can see the red carpet, but as it was cold we decided to head straight inside to get a drink and relax!
We had fantastic seats right above all of the Celeb tables and me and my sister played a game of spot the celeb. It was very funny to watch them in the distance milling around eachothers tables and very surreal to see them all there. Throughout the night I wondered to myself if to them the situation feels a little like a goldfish bowl?
My personal stand out performances of the night had to be Beyonce & Bastille. Everyone got up on their feet and danced around for their performances and the atmosphere was electric!
My own personal highlight was Harry Styles toilet moment and seeing him run through the crowd just in time to make it up for the end of the award!
You're so lucky to go to the Brits – well done to your sister! And you looked gorgeous too, your dress is amazing!


Abundantly Good is a Philabundance retail brand that focuses on a triple bottom line: People, Planet, Profit. Abundantly Good features healthy products, proceeds of which go to rescue and produce free high-quality food for local people experiencing hunger. For more information, see Abundantly Good in the press.
Abundantly Good was developed as an extension of the Philabundance brand and was designed to be competitive at a retail level. I led art direction on the brand identity and design and production coordination with packaging for both the cheese and Tomato Jam product lines.
I worked along Here's My Chance to help design the layout for the Girl Scout's 2014 and 2015 Annual Reports. The developed concept was based off the Field Notes notebooks and designed to look like a camper's sketchbook.
Along with Humid Creative, I worked with the Institute of Survey and Research at Temple University to help them create a brand for their BeHeardPhilly (BHP) program. It helps connect organizations to Philadelphia residents through the use of surveys. If an organization, initiative, or municipality has questions, BHP gathers results from people living in the metro area. The information gained from surveying lays foundation for improvements throughout the city. The goal was to create an identity system that fit in with Temple University guidelines as well as spoke to the mission of BHP.
In order for BHP to be successful, it's important that residents trust and are interested in participating in surveys. Their outreach materials needed to match their target audiences, so we worked to make sure that the pieces represented an accurate Philadelphia.
I created and designed the ACCTion heroes campaign for ACCT Philly after they received a grant from PetSmart to help homeless pets in need. The grant was given to assist the organization in developing their marketing materials as well as their Philadelphia headquarters.
The ACCTion hero logo and collateral was meant to show off both the fun and pride behind rescue adoptions.
AIDS Walk Philly is an annual Walk / 5k Run that is held on the scenic Martin Luther King Drive in Fairmount Park. I worked as art director and alongside the Community Relations Coordinator to develop the design for the 2014 and 2015 campaign. Leading the process from concept to production, the campaign materials included posters, billboards, coffee sleeves, apparel design, and collateral pieces.
Working with the team at Humid Creative, we worked to design and develop a product launch video to highlight the technology behind Fuji's new MLink suspension system. The purpose of this video was to translate the high performance and quality behind the MLink suspension to the consumer. The video debuted at the Fuji booth at Interbike 2016.
Alongside Humid Creative, I worked to redesign the Fatback eCommerce website. The goal was to have a seamlessly integrated shop that worked with Lightspeed, as well as a place to showcase their brand history.
The site features large lifestyle imagery throughout and a timeline of their family of products.
The illustration was based off the narratives told in the album along with the general underlying concept of our nostalgia of home. A dream-like watercolor illustration of Winnipeg is featured throughout the design of the album. Each piece of the city or character can easily be isolated and placed individually on a promotional piece or can be incorporated as a whole.
Random Lake Studio is a stationery and design studio founded by Alyse Elizabeth. Random Lake combines a love for vintage style, soft watercolors, and modern design. The aesthetic style is inspired by our surroundings — including architecture, parks, mountains, bike trails, and much more. Random Lake believes in sustainable and accessible design.
Headquartered in Warminster, Pennsylvaina, Burpee Seeds is a leading provider of seeds and garden supplies. I worked with the lead web developer and print designer to create everything from email designs, in-house promotions, and the annual sales catalog layout.
As Invisible Sentinel's Veriflow product line grew, it was clear that it was time to reevaluate their product branding. The food testing technology has grown into a family with more than 10 distinct products, each focusing on a specific pathogen. This lent the unique challenge of redesigning the brand to fit into this growing family.
Working with Humid Creative, we aimed to position Veriflow to fit alongside the established brew and vino brands as well as stand strong on its own. The Veriflow brand is represented by much more than just the logo. Refined photography choices, modern font styles, and a simplified color palette were developed and enforced to create consistency across all aspects of the brand.