text:
Nephew v. City of Aurora
Singh v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co.
Some courts have treated Justice Powell's concurrence as the controlling law. See Foley v. City of Lowell,…
Fallen v. Grep Sw., LLC
' " Sanchez v. Matta , 2005 WL 2313621 at *5 (citing Phelps v. Hamilton , 120 F.3d at 1131 ).The Tenth…
Full title:JEWELL NEPHEW, RAFUS PERKINS, ELAINE NELOMS, AND CHARLES FULTON…
Court:United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit
Date published: Oct 19, 1987
830 F.2d 1547 (10th Cir. 1987)
United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit
holding that even though plaintiffs were awarded nominal damages, attorney's fees could be awarded where the amount of the fee was reduced because plaintiffs did not succeed on all counts
Summary of this case from Koopman v. Water Dist. No. 1 of Johnson Cty
Marcia G. O'Brien (Patrick E. Kowaleski, Charles H. Richardson and Kathleen M. Schoen also, on the briefs), Aurora, Colo., for defendants-appellants.
Penfield W. Tate, II, Denver, Colo., for plaintiffs-appellees.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Colorado.
Before HOLLOWAY, Chief Judge, and BARRETT, McKAY, LOGAN, SEYMOUR, ANDERSON, TACHA and BALDOCK, Circuit Judges.
McKAY, Circuit Judge.
We consider, en banc, the issue of an appropriate measure of attorney's fees under 42 U.S.C. § 1988 when the sole recovery to the prevailing party in the underlying action is an award of nominal damages.
Plaintiffs, Jewell Nephew, Rafus Perkins, Elaine Neloms and Charles Fulton, filed suit against two Aurora police officers and the City of Aurora for infringing upon their constitutional rights in violation of 42 U.S.C. § 1981, 1983, 1985 (1982). Plaintiffs alleged they had been assaulted, battered and subjected to false arrest by the police officers pursuant to discriminatory policies against blacks sanctioned by the Mayor, City Council and City of Aurora. Plaintiffs sought compensatory damages, punitive damages and injunctive relief. The district court directed a verdict in favor of the Mayor and City Council at the end of plaintiffs' case. The jury subsequently found in favor of the police officers with respect to two plaintiffs but found the constitutional rights of the remaining plaintiffs had been violated. The jury awarded each of the prevailing plaintiffs nominal damages of $1.
Plaintiffs then moved for attorneys' fees under 42 U.S.C. § 1988 (1982). The district court reduced the number of hours requested by a portion of time spent on a related state case and because only two of the four parties prevailed. The court awarded $12,500 in fees to plaintiffs for 100 hours work at a rate of $125 per hour. On appeal, a divided court held that when a plaintiff seeks substantial damages but is awarded only nominal damages, the award must be discounted to compensate for plaintiffs' very limited success. Nephew v. City of Aurora, 766 F.2d 1464, 1467 (10th Cir. 1985). Upon petition for rehearing, we decided to reconsider the issue en banc in light of the recent Supreme Court decision in City of Riverside v. Rivera, 477 U.S. 561, 106 S.Ct. 2686, 91 L.Ed.2d 466 (1986).
42 U.S.C. § 1988 (1982) provides in pertinent part:
In any action or proceeding to enforce a provision of sections 1981, 1982, 1983, 1985, and 1986 of this title, title IX of Public Law 92-318, or title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the court, in its discretion, may allow the prevailing party, other than the United States, a reasonable attorney's fee as part of the costs.
The police officers initially filed suit against plaintiffs in state court and plaintiffs counterclaimed. After trial in the federal case, the state action was dismissed by stipulation.
Section 1988 was created by the Civil Rights Attorney's Awards Act of 1976, Pub.L. No. 94-559, 1976 U.S. Code Cong. Admin.News p. 5908 (90 Stat.) 2641. The legislative history behind the bill refers to the appropriate standard for determining fees as the twelve-factor test set forth in Johnson v. Georgia Highway Express, Inc., 488 F.2d 714, 717-19 (5th Cir. 1974). See H.R. Rep. No. 1558, 94th Cong.2d Sess. 8; S.R. No. 1011, 94th Cong.2d Sess. 4, reprinted in 1976 U.S. Code Cong. Admin.News 5908, 5913. The Senate Report also states that attorneys' fees should not be reduced because the rights involved may be nonpecuniary in nature. That accords with comments in Johnson that consideration of the amount of damages awarded should not "obviate court scrutiny of the decision's effect on the law." 488 F.2d at 718.
The factors are: (1) the time and labor required; (2) the novelty and difficulty of the questions; (3) the skill necessary to properly perform the legal service; (4) the preclusion of other employment by the attorney due to acceptance of the case; (5) the customary fee; (6) whether the fee is fixed or contingent; (7) time limitations imposed by the client or the circumstances; (8) the amount involved and the results obtained; (9) the experience, reputation, and ability of the attorneys; (10) the "undesirability" of the case; (11) the nature and length of the professional relationship with the client; and (12) awards in similar cases.
The Supreme Court's first opinion in the area, Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 103 S.Ct. 1933, 76 L.Ed.2d 40 (1983), considered whether "a partially prevailing plaintiff [could] recover an attorney's fee for legal services on an unsuccessful claim." Id. at 426, 103 S.Ct. at 1936. The lodestar incorporates many of the Johnson factors and is considered the reasonable fee required by section 1988. Once determined, however, the figure can be adjusted upward or downward, according to certain factors, one of the most important of which is the "result obtained." Id. at 434, 103 S.Ct. at 1940. In Hensley the Court remanded the case because the district court had not properly considered the results obtained. Although the Supreme Court held that the extent of a plaintiff's success is a crucial factor in determining attorneys' fees, the court did not bar the award of fees for unsuccessful claims. Instead it cautioned that "the district court should award only that amount of fees that is reasonable in relation to the results obtained." Id. at 440, 103 S.Ct. at 1943.
In Rivera, the Court affirmed the application of the lodestar to a civil rights action in which a plaintiff recovers only monetary damages. Plaintiffs initially sued the City of Riverside, its police chief and thirty police officers on several state claims and alleged violations of their constitutional rights. Plaintiffs sought compensatory and punitive damages and injunctive relief. The court dismissed suits against seventeen of the officers on motion. The jury found in favor of plaintiffs and against the City and five of the officers. It awarded plaintiffs $33,350 in compensatory and punitive damages. The district court awarded attorneys' fees of $245,456,25 to plaintiff: 1,946.75 hours at $125 per hour and 84.5 hours at $25 per hour for law clerks. The Supreme Court remanded the trial court's initial award for reconsideration in light of Hensley. The district court arrived at the same conclusion and was affirmed on appeal. Defendants appealed again to the Supreme Court.
A five-member majority affirmed the trial court's fee award, but the majority was divided in its analysis. Justice Brennan, writing for the plurality, initially focused on Hensley's characterization of the nature of "results obtained," "[w]here a plaintiff has obtained excellent results, his attorney should recover a full compensatory fee ... the fee award should not be reduced simply because the plaintiff failed to prevail on every contention raised in the lawsuit." Rivera, 106 S.Ct. at 2692 (quoting Hensley, 461 U.S. at 435, 103 S.Ct. at 1940). Extending the Hensley analysis to Rivera, the opinion explicitly rejected defendant's contention that the lodestar approach was inappropriate to a civil rights action in which monetary damages are the only recovery. Id. 106 S.Ct. at 2694. The opinion also rejected a requirement that attorneys' fees be conditioned on, or proportionate to, a monetary damages award. Id. at 2694, 2698. Although it noted that the amount of damages is relevant to the fee awarded, the opinion distinguished a civil rights action from private tort litigation because the civil rights plaintiff also vindicates "important civil and constitutional rights that cannot be valued in monetary terms." Id. at 2694. That vindication often can include important social benefits that are not reflected in nominal damages. Thus, a proportionality rule would focus the fee evaluation on only one result obtained. It would also undermine the legislative intent underlying the Act: providing adequate compensation to attorneys to encourage them to accept civil rights cases in which monetary recovery might be limited.
Justice Powell, concurring, did not interpret Hensley's analysis as broadly as did the plurality. Nevertheless, he also did not reject the lodestar approach when plaintiff's only recovery is monetary damages. Instead, he implicitly used the lodestar when he wrote: "the most critical factor [in the final determination of fee awards] is the degree of success obtained." Id. at 2700 (Powell, J., concurring) (quoting Hensley, 461 U.S. at 436, 103 S.Ct. at 1941) (emphasis added). In considering the degree of success obtained, the concurrence recognizes that the court may weigh the vindication of constitutional rights in addition to the award of monetary damages. Justice Powell notes that the award of private damages will rarely be said to benefit the public interest to an extent justifying such disproportionality as existed between the damages and fees in Rivera. Id. 106 S.Ct. at 2700 n. 3. Nevertheless, he also states that neither history nor court decisions support a "rule" of proportionality. Id. at 2700. Thus, he seems to interpret Hensley to allow widely disproportionate fees in fewer cases than would the plurality. The concurrence requires particularly careful consideration of the amount of damages awarded in assessing fees but still allows a court discretion to award fees greater than the damages in those cases in which the vindication of constitutional rights is an important element of success. Justice Powell was able to affirm the district court's decision in Rivera because the district court's findings of fact clearly explained the factors underlying its fee award, including the close relationship of the claims, counsel's skill in handling the case, the difficulty in pursuing the action, the excellent results achieved for plaintiffs and, in particular, the benefit to the public in the vindication of plaintiff's constitutional rights. Id. at 2699.
Therefore, following Rivera, we cannot assume the trial court erred despite the great disproportionality between the fee awarded and the damages recovered in the present case. Discretion to award fees lies ultimately with the district court. Hensley, 461 U.S. at 437, 103 S.Ct. at 1941. We must determine whether the court's findings of fact are clearly erroneous and, in light of those findings, whether the trial court abused its discretion in awarding the fee.
The plaintiffs, who were awarded judgment, were clearly prevailing parties. Their fee request was for 180.5 hours at $125 per hour. The time records themselves were not disputed, only the compensation for services. Record, vol. 2, at 2-3. The district court began its evaluation of fees with the lodestar. In determining the reasonable amount of hours for litigation, the court discussed the difficulty for both counsel and the parties in bringing a civil rights action because of the delicate nature of relations among counsel, citizens, and the city and its representatives. The court also noted the extensive preparation required for a 1983 case and the difficulty in articulating a claim for relief. Id. at 5-6. Further, the court noted the ability of plaintiffs' counsel in civil rights litigation. Despite its consideration of those factors supporting counsel's work, the district court reduced the number of hours requested. It specifically stated the basis for that reduction: (1) certain aspects of a related state claim were separable from the federal suit, and (2) only two of the four plaintiffs were successful. Id. at 7-8. Accordingly, the court found the reasonable number of hours requested to be 100. The court further found that $125 per hour was an appropriate rate and awarded plaintiffs $12,500 in fees. After reviewing the record, we do not conclude that the court's findings are clearly erroneous. The issue before us then is whether the trial court abused its discretion in not departing from the lodestar due to plaintiffs' limited success.
As Hensley requires, after determining the lodestar, the court discussed the results plaintiffs had obtained. The amount of monetary damages in the present case was less important than the judgment against the police officers' conduct. The district court stated:
[The judgment is] important for the police as well as for the plaintiffs because it gives us an indication through these representatives of the community of what standards of police conduct should prevail, and that serves — I hope that serves — as some guidance for the police with respect to how they perform their difficult task.
Id. at 8-9. Because the district court found that the most important aspect of the judgment was the vindication of plaintiffs' civil rights and its message to the police department, we cannot conclude that the trial court's award was an abuse of discretion.
Thus, we need not address whether the case before us is one which might fall between the plurality and concurring opinions. The district court has provided a record sufficient to satisfy the concurrence. We cannot find error in the detailed findings of fact concerning the lodestar and the nature of plaintiffs' success nor that the trial court abused its discretion in awarding the fee.
The trial court's judgment is AFFIRMED.
[15] BARRETT, Senior Circuit Judge, with whom TACHA and BALDOCK, Circuit Judges, join, dissenting:
Four black plaintiffs brought this 42 U.S.C. § 1983 lawsuit alleging that, motivated by racial discrimination, two white police officers serving the City of Aurora, in response to a late evening noise complaint, entered the residence of appellee Perkins and there assaulted, battered, bruised and falsely arrested plaintiffs. Sued were the City of Aurora, its Mayor and City Council and the two Aurora police officers. The plaintiffs charged that the police officers' alleged intentional racially discriminatory actions were in accord with customs and policies of the City of Aurora, its Mayor and City Council, which "permitted its officers to beat, batter, bruise and abuse its black citizens...." (R., Vol. I, pp. 4, 9.) The facts were in sharp dispute. The police officers contended that it was they who were subjected to assault and battery at the hands of plaintiffs. Plaintiffs sought injunctive and declaratory relief and $2 million in damages, compensatory and punitive.
At the close of plaintiffs' case-in-chief, and upon motion for directed verdict, the City of Aurora, the Mayor and City Council were dismissed from the suit. We have held that "a directed verdict is justified `only if the proof is all one way or overwhelmingly preponderant in favor of the movant as to permit no other rational conclusion.'" Kiner v. Northcutt, 424 F.2d 222, 223 (10th Cir. 1970). Furthermore, and significantly, the court eliminated injunctive and declaratory relief from plaintiffs' case. Appellees do not challenge those rulings. Thus, the case went forward only and exclusively for jury determination of the damages liability issue. The only real relief ever sought by the plaintiffs in this case was $2 million in damages, both compensatory and punitive. That was the posture of plaintiffs' case at all times.
The plaintiffs' complaint alleged the following "unlawful practices": The City of Aurora was intentionally engaged in unlawful deprivation of rights of black persons by utilizing its police department to commit assaults and batteries upon black persons, to invade the privacy of black persons, to unlawfully arrest black persons and by refusing "to accord to black persons any respect for their rights as human beings and as citizens of the United States." Plaintiffs' Complaint, Par. 7. The complaint alleged that the defendant police officers (1) "invaded" the privacy of plaintiffs' home on the evening of May 26, 1979, and (2) while in the home "battered, bruised and assaulted" the plaintiffs and (3) further subjected plaintiffs to "outrageous conduct," placed plaintiffs in "grave fear and mental anguish" and "in fear of grave bodily harm or loss of life." These allegations, if supported by the evidence in the eyes of the jury, could have resulted in a substantial monetary award. But these allegations did not stand up against the defendants' testimony. The police officers testified that it was they who had been subjected to assaults and batteries at the hands of the plaintiffs. It was in this context that the jury returned a compensatory damages award of $1.00 to only two of the four plaintiffs.
The majority opinion states that "the amount of monetary damages in the present case was less important than the judgment against the officers' conduct" in vindication of plaintiffs' civil rights and "its message to the police department." Opinion, p. 1550. What civil rights of the plaintiffs were violated? What sort of vindication is indicated by virtue of a $1.00 award? It cannot be seriously contended that the jury believed that these plaintiffs were subjected to assault and battery, false arrest and outrageous conduct. What, then, is the "message" the trial court and this court are conveying to the City of Aurora police officers? The question defies a logical, reasonable answer. It was not answered by the district court, except in general, undefined platitudes. If the police officers did wrong, they are left groping for guidance and direction.
This suit was at all times aimed solely at monetary damage relief. It utterly failed in that regard. Even so, the trial court erroneously refused to consider the fact that plaintiffs Fulton and Perkins recovered only the $1.00 nominal damage award in fixing plaintiffs' § 1988 attorney fee award.
"With respect to the amount of the award, I am governed by the Tenth Circuit opinion [ Ramos v. Lamm, 713 F.2d 546 (10th Cir. 1983)] ... I also agree with it ... It is not really so much how much money a jury decides to give ... to award ... as it is a determination in the court of law by a jury as to who was right under the circumstances, and labeling in this case the conduct of the police, these two police officers as it relates to these two plaintiffs who did prevail at trial, that in this circumstance the police were wrong. That's important." (R., Vol. II, p. 8.)
In Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 103 S.Ct. 1933, 76 L.Ed.2d 40 (1983), the Supreme Court made it clear that in determining a § 1988 fee award "[T]he extent of a plaintiff's success is a crucial factor," id. at 440, 103 S.Ct. at 1943 (underlining supplied) and "[w]here the plaintiff achieved only limited success, the district court should award only that amount of fees that is reasonable in relation to the results obtained." Id. Here, the district court did not explain how the award of attorney fees of $12,500 was reasonable in light of the $1.00 nominal damage award to two of the four plaintiffs, well knowing that monetary relief was the only possible relief available on the evidence. The need for such an explanation was clearly spelled out in Marek v. Chesny, 473 U.S. 1, 105 S.Ct. 3012, 87 L.Ed.2d 1 (1985). The Supreme Court there said:
Section 1988 encourages plaintiffs to bring meritorious civil rights suits.... Section 1988 authorizes courts to award only "reasonable" attorney's fees to prevailing parties. In Hensley v. Eckerhart, supra, we held that "the most critical factor" in determining a reasonable fee "is the degree of success obtained." Id. [461 U.S.] at 436 [ 103 S.Ct. at 1941]. We specifically noted that prevailing at trial "may say little about whether the expenditure of counsel's time was reasonable in relation to the success achieved." Ibid.
473 U.S. at 11, 105 S.Ct. at 3018.
The plaintiffs in this case failed to present any evidence in support of their prayer for injunctive or declaratory relief. There was no evidence of any unconstitutional policy or custom against blacks. The plaintiffs' evidence totally failed to support their allegations that the City of Aurora, its Mayor and City Council and its police department conspired to deny blacks any constitutional rights, let alone the right to be free from assaults, batteries and false arrests allegedly practiced upon them. The district court granted the motion for directed verdict made by the City, the Mayor and the City Council at the close of the plaintiffs' case-in-chief because there was no evidence to support any of the plaintiffs' civil rights allegations lodged against those defendants. Those allegations were in fact groundless and frivolous. The only relief the plaintiffs could have obtained based upon their evidence was damages, and then only against the individual police officers.
If in fact the jury had believed the testimony of the plaintiffs to the effect that they had been assaulted, beaten, bruised, subjected to outrageous conduct and false arrest by the police officers, certainly a substantial award of monetary damages would have been made. The jury was not confronted with the problem of fixing a damage award for deprivation of the plaintiffs' rights of free speech or due process. Had the jury believed that these plaintiffs had been assaulted, beaten, bruised and falsely arrested by the police officers the injury was readily ascertainable in money damages just as awards are made in common law tort actions. The $1.00 nominal damage award tells us only that the two police officers did something improper but insignificant in terms of the allegations lodged.
The attorney fee award in this case is 6,225 times greater than the nominal damages awarded the two plaintiffs. If there were significant constitutional principles at stake in this case requiring monetary vindication, obviously the plaintiffs failed to so impress the jury. Nothing in this record indicates what "important civil and constitutional rights that cannot be valued in monetary terms," City of Riverside v. Rivera, 477 U.S. 561, 106 S.Ct. 2686, 91 L.Ed.2d 466 (1986), were involved here. Furthermore, neither the district court nor the majority opinion have identified any important civil and constitutional rights vindicated by the $1.00 nominal damage awards in this case. Why? Because to do so necessarily means that the evidence must support the allegations that the police officers assaulted, beat, bruised and falsely arrested the plaintiffs. The $1.00 nominal damage award tells us in clear sounding language that the jury did not so find.
The City of Riverside v. Rivera case, unlike the case at bar, clearly served the "public interest." There, a large group of police officers entered a residence where a party was going on and, without arrest or search warrants, arrested the plaintiffs, who were Mexican Americans. Suit was brought under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 for damages, and for declaratory and injunctive relief to prevent further "discriminatory harassment against Mexican Americans." The jury returned 37 individual verdicts against the City and five police officers. The plaintiffs did not pursue their request for injunctive and declaratory relief, but the district court made it clear that had the plaintiffs asked for it, such relief would have been granted. The court entered judgment in the amount of $33,350 representing compensatory and punitive damages. Thereafter, the court awarded plaintiffs' attorneys fees in amount of $245,456.25. In upholding this award, the Supreme Court held that a § 1988 attorney fee award need not be proportionate to the damages awarded, although "results obtained" are a critical factor. In this regard, the court emphasized that the "public interest" had been served in preventing further discriminatory harassment of Mexican Americans. The district court found that the police officers' acts were motivated by a general hostility to the Chicano community and that the lawsuit was necessary to stop the unlawful institutional behavior involved in the case. In sharp contrast, no public interest has been identified by the district court or by the majority opinion in the case at bar. Significantly, in City of Riverside, Justice Powell, concurring, observed that where the suit is for private damages, the court must be guided by the success achieved.
I do not contend that there must be a yardstick guiding the district court in the allowance of attorney fees under § 1988. Here, however, the district court refused to consider the "success achieved" factor in this suit for damages even though the plaintiffs had won only nominal damages. This was clearly wrong. The trial court erroneously relied upon the following dictum in Ramos v. Lamm, 713 F.2d 546, 557 (10th Cir. 1983):
Most circuits agree that in a case where a constitutional violation is specifically identified (unlike the instant case) and a party is awarded nominal damages, such a party is in fact a prevailing party for attorney fee award purposes. Ganey v. Edwards, 759 F.2d 337 (4th Cir. 1985) (Failure to award any actual or nominal damages did not prevent prisoner, who had been denied meaningful access to the courts, from being the "prevailing party" entitled to costs and attorney fees); Fast v. School Dist., 712 F.2d 379 (8th Cir. 1983), rehearing en banc, 728 F.2d 1030 (8th Cir. 1984) (Discharged teacher awarded $1.00 in nominal damages for specific showing of deprivation of property without due process of law in a class action is a "prevailing party" under 42 U.S.C. § 1988); Skoda v. Fontani, 646 F.2d 1193 (7th Cir. 1981) (Plaintiffs who won jury verdict of $1.00 in a 42 U.S.C. § 1983 action were "prevailing parties" entitled to awards under § 1988 where court makes a positive finding of a violation of civil rights); Huntley v. Community Sch. Bd. of Brooklyn, 579 F.2d 738 (2nd Cir. 1978) (In civil rights action in which plaintiff recovered nominal damages of $100.00 for denial of procedural due process while conceding that termination of his employment was justified, there was no abuse of discretion in concluding that plaintiff at most won a "moral victory" of insufficient magnitude to warrant an award of attorney fees under 42 U.S.C. § 1988); and Burt v. Abel, 585 F.2d 613 (4th Cir. 1978) (The fact that plaintiff, a teacher discharged without notice or hearing constituting denial of procedural due process, may prevail on the merits yet recover only nominal damages shall in no way diminish his eligibility for attorney's fees under § 1988, though it is one of the factors properly to be considered on the amount of such award.)
Some courts have reduced fees when the thrust of the suit was for monetary recovery and the recovery was small compared to the fees counsel would have received if compensated at a normal rate for hours reasonably expended. We reject this practice.
The dictum in Ramos v. Lamm, which was the cornerstone of Judge McKay's dissenting opinion in Nephew v. City of Aurora, 766 F.2d 1464, clearly conflicts with express language in Hensley v. Eckerhart and City of Riverside v. Rivera. Significantly, Judge McKay does not cite to Ramos v. Lamm in his opinion for the en banc court, even though it was the basis for his dissent from the original panel opinion in this case and even though the district court stated that it was guided and governed by Ramos v. Lamm. (R., Vol. II, pp. 2, 8, 9.)
This case should be remanded to the district court as directed by a panel of this court in Nephew v. City of Aurora, supra, where we said:
By this holding we do not imply that an award of nominal damages necessarily means that a corresponding fee award must also be nominal. However, where, as here, a plaintiff seeks substantial damages but wins only nominal damages, the award must be reduced to account for the plaintiffs' very limited success.
766 F.2d at 1467.
holding that even when a prevailing party is awarded only nominal damages of one dollar, an award of $12,500 in attorney fees was not an abuse of discretion where the most important aspect of the judgment was the vindication of plaintiffs' civil rights
Summary of this case from Villescas v. Richardson
In Nephew, the defendants appealed, and, on appeal, we affirmed, holding that a partially prevailing plaintiff could recover attorney's fees for legal services rendered on an unsuccessful claim, where the most important aspect of the judgment was a vindication of plaintiffs' civil rights and a "message to the police department."
Summary of this case from Neece v. I.R.S. of U.S.


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Acer Aspire V3-111P Drivers Download– Like most 11-inch reasonable tablets, the Aspire V3-111P elements a square, unremarkable outline that is ambiguously reminiscent of a netbook. The plastic top games a false brushed-aluminum complete that is exceptionally persuading, and in addition an emblazoned Acer logo on the left. The pivots at the base turn easily, and the screen remained safely upright when we lifted the PC while the top was open.A 720p webcam is situated over the screen, with another Acer logo underneath. Like the cover, the deck includes a silver complete, and the wrist rest is marginally hoisted. Obviously with such a little tablet, there's next to no room on either side of the console, giving it a confined vibe. The 4.1 x 2.4-inch touchpad is focused underneath the G and H keys.At 11.5 x 8.3 x 0.9 inches and 3.06 pounds, the Aspire V3-111P is almost indistinguishable in size to the $484 HP Pavilion x360 (12.12 x 8.46 x 0.86 inches, 3.08 pounds) and $400 Dell Inspiron 11 3000 (11.8 x 7.93 x 0.83, 3.1 pounds), both of whose tops can turn 360 degrees into a tablet mode.The V3-111P's cousin, the $430 portable PC tablet cross breed Acer Aspire Switch 10, is recognizably lighter even with the console dock joined, weighing 2.4 pounds and measuring 10.3 x 7 x 0.3 inches.The Aspire V3-111P's 11.6-inch, 1366 x 768 touch screen is brilliant and generally fresh. When we went to NYTimes.com, the masthead didn't show up excessively pixelated, and content looked sharp. Hues seemed profound and lavish also.The screen experiences genuinely contract seeing points, notwithstanding. We could just turn the show around 10 degrees to either side before the hues started to wash out.Tragically, this Acer scratch pad's show is dimmer than the opposition. When we gauged the brilliance with our light meter, the Aspire V3-111P enrolled 171 nits. This is surpassed by the Dell Inspiron 11 3000 (183 nits), Aspire Switch 10 (324 nits) and ultraportable normal (253 nits). Then again, the HP Pavilion x360 hit just 151 nits.As indicated by our colorimeter, the Aspire V3-111P created 66.4 percent of the sRGB shading range, which is essentially superior to anything the HP Pavilion x360's score of 57 percent and somewhat over the 63.5 percent delivered by the Aspire Switch 10. Still, this falls beneath the Dell Inspiron 11 3000 (81.7 percent).The Aspire V3-111P fared about too on the Delta E benchmark, which measures shading exactness. Its score of 6.3 is superior to the HP Pavilion x360 (7.4) and the Inspiron 11 (9.3), yet it's far beneath the score of 1 enlisted by the Aspire Switch 10. A score of 0 reflects idealize shading precision.The 10-point touch screen reacted rapidly and precisely to enter. Signals like looking over and edge swiping executed consistently, and we could utilize every one of the 10 fingers at the same time in Paint.The sound quality from the Aspire V3-111P's base mounted speakers are superior to we've seen on many spending portable workstations. When we listened to Pearl Jam's "Even Flow" at most extreme volume, the music effectively filled our family room, and the bass and treble appeared to be impeccably adjusted. We were especially inspired by the absence of mutilation, which is an issue we've seen on portable workstations that are twice as costly as the Aspire V3-111P.On Laptop Mag's sound test, in which we measure a consistent tone from 23 inches away, the Aspire V3-111P enrolled an amazing 92 decibels. This overwhelms the 82 dB accomplished by the Aspire Switch 10 and the Dell Inspiron 11 3000, and in addition the ultraportable normal (84 dB). The HP Pavilion x360 was about as boisterous at 90 dB.The HD Audio Manager apparatus gives you a chance to choose from equalizer presets, for example, Pop, Rock and Jazz, or alter singular frequencies. You can likewise pick ecological sound impacts, for example, Living Room, Forest and (yes) Sewer Pipe.


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VIU Student Press
Lantzville Flowers
By Kaleigh Studer on 09.21.20
Last summer Jenny Dawson began her journey selling self-grown, organic flowers from her farm in Lantzville. Her enthusiasm for finding a balance between business and sustainability was obvious when I spoke with her on her farm.
"It's a hobby that will take me into retirement," Dawson said to me as we strolled around the eleven flower beds behind her home. I was blown away. She offers a variety of tulips, dahlias, sunflowers, perennial flowers, roses, lavender, and eucalyptus—just to name a few.
Jenny's interest in growing flowers blossomed from her career in aquaculture, the farming of aquatic organisms and plants.
"I have worked at VIU for 15 years as a part-time technician in the fisheries and aquaculture department and as a senior researcher for The Centre [for] Coastal Health which is a veterinary non-profit, located on campus too," she told me.
Her bouquets are placed on a quaint blue shelf at the end of her driveway and are available Friday evening through to Sunday. "I live in a subdivision with lots of families walking by and it really cheered people up this past spring," she said. "Since COVID, the bouquets have been selling like crazy."
"You can come purchase flowers at the end of my driveway for $5, $7, or $10 a bundle," she said.
She starts selling bouquets in the spring and continues to offer them until the first frost. "Usually until about mid-October I'll have flowers," she said.
"Sales right now are just word of mouth, local community, and a couple of florists," she said.
I was shocked to hear that a lot of flowers you see in local supermarkets around Nanaimo are flown in from far away. Supporting emerging local businesses right now is more important than ever, so be encouraged to think about how you can support local.
Dawson's farm is located at 7023 Peterson Road in Lantzville.
Soon her website will be up and running, but until then you can follow her on Instagram @lantzvilleflowers.
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#NaGrafWriMo: Welcome to National Paragraph Writing Month!
Annals of Japery
Michael Bourne November 2, 2015 | 4 books mentioned 8 2 min read
If you are a writer with a Facebook or Twitter account, you surely know that we are already two days into National Novel Writing Month — or as it's known in the Twitterverse #NaNoWriMo — the month in which writers across the globe commit to writing a 50,000-word novel in 30 days. Last year, 325,142 lunatics writers took part. They've done pretty well, too. According to the NaNoWriMo website, since the program started in 1999, it has spawned more than 250 published novels, including bestsellers like Sara Gruen's Water for Elephants and Erin Morgenstern's The Night Circus.
Here at The Millions, we're a little slower on the draw. Our longtime contributing editor Garth Risk Hallberg took seven years to write his debut novel City on Fire, which came out in October. That's fairly quick compared to our staff writer Bill Morris, who confessed in a piece last week that it took him 16 years to publish his first novel, Motor City. Even the relative speed demons on our staff, like Emily St. John Mandel and Claire Cameron, have gone more than a year without publishing a book.
With this slacker history in mind, we would like to propose a kinder, gentler alternative to NaNoWriMo, to be called National Paragraph Writing Month, during which we all strive to write one truly worthwhile paragraph. (Garth will probably have to write two paragraphs because his books are 900 pages long, but the rest of us are sticking with just the one, thanks.)
We are launching #NaGrafWriMo in recognition of all the writers with jobs and family obligations, and those who just spend an ungodly amount of time on the Internet, who find it hard to read a whole book in a month, much less write one. But we are also embarking on this new program because we have found that, for most writers, it can take more talent, determination, and hard work to write one good paragraph than an entire lousy book.
Unlike NaNoWriMo, we won't be able to offer online webinars or pep talks from bestselling authors like Diana Gabaldon or Charlaine Harris. We talked about maybe doing #NaGrafWriMo coffee mugs and T-shirts, but sadly, it doesn't look like that's going to happen, either. We do have achievement badges, though! Here are a few we will be awarding:
The Adverb Avenger: This badge will be awarded to any #NaGrafWriMo writer who cuts two or more unnecessary adverbs from his or her paragraph.
The Gustave Flaubert: This badge will be awarded to any #NaGrafWriMo writer who spends a morning writing a sentence and an afternoon revising it.
The Do-Over: This badge will be awarded to any #NaGrafWriMo writer who recognizes that every word he or she has written so far is total shit and has to be written over again from scratch.
I was tipped off in advance about the launch of #NaGrafWriMo, and started my paragraph at the stroke of midnight on November 1. Here's what I've got so far:
I could barely see the sun as it lazily yawned at yet another gray wet dawn. I longed for the warm blanket of cigarette smoke. The phone rang.
I know, I know, it's pretty rough. It's underdeveloped and a little derivative, and already I can see an adverb I need to cut. But it's only November 2, right? I've got 29 more days to work out the kinks.
Start working on those paragraphs, Millions readers. Go, #NaGrafWriMo!
Image Credit: Pixabay.
Michael Bourne is a staff writer for The Millions and a contributing editor for Poets & Writers Magazine. His nonfiction has appeared in The New York Times, The Globe and Mail, The National Post, Salon, and The Economist. His fiction has appeared in Tin House, December, The Southampton Review, and The Cortland Review. His debut novel, Blithedale Canyon, is due out from Regal House in 2022. www.michaelbournewriter.com
The Robert Burton Diet
Matt Seidel November 18, 2014 | 4 books mentioned 4 5 min read
Robert Burton's The Anatomy of Melancholy (1621) is an exhaustive dissection of the physical, mental, and behavioral causes of an epidemic disease, a massive project that also manages to anatomize the folly of the author who undertook it. In The Anatomy, Burton provides specific suggestions to mitigate melancholy through one's diet, "the mother of diseases, let the father be what he will."
This so-called "Robert Burton Diet" is as relevant today as it was in the 17th century, for who among us can claim to be entirely free of the melancholic affliction? Atkins, South Beach, Microbiome, Paleo: all these faddish regimens might slim you down, but can they regulate your humours? I think not.
Therefore, without further ado, I give you the Robert Burton Diet.
Meat:
Only those with strong constitutions should partake of beef, which engenders "gross melancholy blood." If you must, find a cow from Portugal to eat, preferably one that is gelded or, alternatively, an old sad one that has "been tired out with labor."
Pork is also off the menu, especially for those who "live at ease" or are otherwise "unsound of body or mind" — that is, most of us. But it's so moist! Precisely the problem. Pork is too moist and "full of humours," which upset sensitive stomachs and could bring on the dreaded "quartan ague," which recurs every 72 hours.
Need we even mention goats? These "rammish," bearded beasts clearly "breed rank and filthy substance." For goat-lovers, a kid is best, the younger, cuter, more tender, and less rammish the better.
"All venison," pleasant meat though it may be, "is melancholy, and begets bad blood." Should you decide to treat yourself, break out those bows or rifles, because hunted deer is supposedly better than store-bought for those of melancholic disposition.
Anything is preferable to hare, a "black meat, melancholy, and hard of digestion" that breeds incubus and "causeth fearful dreams." (Burton doesn't say whether these nightmares will be worse if you kill the rabbit yourself.)
And what of heads, feet, bowels, brains, entrails, marrow, fat, blood, skins, inward parts (heart, liver, spleen, etc.)? Sure, if you want to keep moping around forever, dig in.
OK, so meat is pretty much verboten. Perhaps we should look elsewhere in the animal kingdom for sustenance?
Fowl:
Don't even think about fowl, especially those morally suspect avian creatures flying in from Northern Europe and Russia: "Though these be fair in feathers, pleasant in taste, and have a good outside, like hypocrites, white in plumes, and soft, their flesh is hard, black, unwholesome, dangerous, melancholy meat." If there's one thing I can't abide eating, it's a dissembling bird.
The Burton Diet doesn't sound great so far, but maybe fish will provide us with sumptuous delights…
Easy on the seafood, which yields "little and humorous nutriment." You don't want to end up like the Carthusian monks, who are "subject to more melancholy than any other Order" because of their fish-eating and solitary living.
Though classical opinion varies widely, Burton is willing to roll the dice on lobster, crab, and lampreys, quoting Paulus Jovius's opinion that none speak against the latter but inepti [fools] and scrupulosi [the scrupulous]." Far be it from me to gainsay Burton, but after Googling an image of a lamprey, I wouldn't eat one.
I know what you're all dying to ask: Can I eat carp? Unfortunately, for once Burton doesn't have the answer. Who would have thought that this lowly fish could stump one of the most learned minds in Europe? "Carp is a fish of which I know not what to determine," Burton admits with an air of melancholy resignation.
Depressed yet? Well, nothing cheers one up quite like milk and cookies, but only if it's asses' milk washing down those chocolate chips. Every other milk increases melancholy.
And cheese-lovers beware, because the older, stronger, and harder cheeses are especially troublesome for the melancholic. If you're hankering for a slice, make it Banbury, which Shakespeare lovers will instantly recognize from this memorable burn delivered to Slender in The Merry Wives of Windsor: "You Banbury cheese!"
Denied as we are most meats, fish, and dairy products, perhaps adherents of the Burton Diet can compensate with fruit?
Fruits "infect the blood, and putrefy it." (Though apples, along with pearmains and sweetings, are "good against melancholy.")
Are leafy greens and garnishes similarly infectious?
Herbs, Roots, Vegetables, and Spices:
Cucumbers, melons and gourds are "disallowed," but cabbage is the worst, causing troublesome dreams and bringing "heaviness to the soul." (I always knew there was a scientific reason I hated it.) Moreover, before eating what Horace calls "bloodless meals," recall what the great Roman poet said of such demeaning feasts:
Their lives, that each such herbs, must needs be short,
And 'tis a fearful thing to report,
That men should feed on such a kind of meat
Which very juments [beasts of burden] would refuse to eat.
Oh, and no peas either, whether eaten properly with a fork or gauchely with a knife.
Parsnips and potatoes barely make the cut, but I hope you like your food bland, because garlic and onions send "gross fumes to the brain" and "make men mad." Pepper, ginger, cinnamon, cloves, dates, oil, vinegar, mustard, and sugar are out, as are all sweet, "sharp and sour things."
Surely Burton would allow us some salt? He's not a monster after all.
Alas, salt and salt-meats, being "great procurers of this disease [melancholy]," should be avoided. We need only look at those Egyptian priests who abstained from salt so "that their souls might be free from perturbations" to see the folly of our ways.
Those "perturbations" are starting to sound preferable to a life of deprivation. At any rate, give me unlimited bread and a cold one and I'll make do.
Bread and Beer:
Hallelujah! On the controversial subject of bread, Burton proves less dogmatic than some gluten-free advocates. While warning of the "melancholy juice and wind" bread can produce, he nonetheless appears to endorse oaten loaves.
A pint isn't great for the melancholy — a cup of cold wine is more salubrious — though imbibing black Bohemian beer, a "monstrous drink, like the River Styxx," has an "especial virtue against melancholy" if the drinker is accustomed to such waters as plied by the ferryman Charon.
And what of all those treats not mentioned by Burton? Can we eat those?
Watch the master puncture some more dreams:
To these noxious simples we may reduce an infinite number of compound, artificial, made dishes, of which our cooks afford us a great variety, as tailors do fashions in our apparel. Such are puddings stuffed with blood…baked meats, soused indurate meats, fired and boiled, buttered meats, condite, powdered, and over-dried; all cakes, simnels, buns cracknels made with butter, spice, etc. fritters, pancakes, pies, sausages, and those several sauces, sharp or over-sweet…[that] do generally engender gross humours, fill the stomach with crudities, and all those inward parts with obstructions.
I'll see you in hell, Burton.
The Burton Diet seems excessively restrictive, if not sadistic, but we should remember that Burton, despite his obsessive nature, is also a flexible thinker. "There is no rule so general as not to admit of some exception," and as for diets, Burton allows that "custom doth alter nature itself." After all, the Emperor Montezuma ate "man's flesh raw and roasted" and Mithridates trained himself to drink poison, so how bad could some soused indurate meats be?
If we are used to certain foods, or if we particularly delight in them, then abstaining from them would mean we choose to live in "mere tyranny [to] the strict rules of physic." And that, presumably, would only increase our melancholy.
So treat yourself to the incubus-breeding hare, to that hypocritical bird, and to that confounding carp. It would be infinitely sad, and a folly, not to.
Image Credit: Flickr/asbruff
Matt Seidel | 4 books mentioned 4 5 min read
The Worst Book Review Ever
Matt Seidel May 9, 2014 | 4 books mentioned 22 4 min read
While professional duty compels me to deliver judgment on the work at hand, I cannot in good conscience reveal the title, author or any identifying details about its plot for fear that some perverse soul might be tempted to go out and buy it.
Matt Seidel | 4 books mentioned 22 4 min read
I Hope That I'm All Right
Courtney Maum April 21, 2016 | 4 books mentioned 1 5 min read
The riding instructor spent most of my bagel birthday party looking forlornly at the walnut cream cheese spread, mourning her dead horse. It was so uncomfortable
Courtney Maum | 4 books mentioned 1 5 min read
A Fictional Oral History of the Photograph I Found in an Old Carl Hiaasen Paperback
Jacob Lambert May 27, 2016 | 4 books mentioned 2 4 min read
The second song was "Da Ya Think I'm Sexy?" by Rod Stewart. And I remember the dad just got this look in his eye and started jerking around. For a second, I thought he was having a stroke.
Jacob Lambert | 4 books mentioned 2 4 min read
Ilana Masad says:
#NaGraphWriMo is a pretty brilliant idea. Especially for a lot of writers I know who just can't write fast, for whom every sentence and paragraph needs to be absolutely perfect before they can move on.
sherri ashburner says:
now THIS is something I could get behind–thank you
butt says:
I've participated in every #NaSenWriMo since the beginning, and it's a great exercise for the aspiring writer that I just finished.
Mygod says:
Alright, this is funny and so on, etc fine.
But the notion of "the writers with jobs and family obligations, and those who just spend an ungodly amount of time on the Internet, who find it hard to read a whole book in a month, much less write one" is even possible is ridiculous.
I'm sorry, but if you're struggling to read a single book a month, and that's a stretch for you, you really shouldn't be a writer. Do you even like the very media that you're producing?
Sorry if I'm analyzing a glib statement too stringently but it really shocked me.
It figures my daughter would post this. She knows I would open and read the article. As two writing junkies, we tend to find 100 ideas that scream to be put into words, and 100 excuses why we haven't done it yet. Here lies the challenge…you're on Kate!
NaNoWriMo is all wrong. It's not about writing. It's about less-than-average writers taking the piss out of the craft by saturating the writing scene with their shitty "10K IN ONE DAY!!!" These people then pat their own backs for being able to keyboard smash out all their drivel. It's fucked.
Pingback: To NaNo or Not to NaNo: My Issues with National Novel Writing Month – RACHEL GIESEL
A Will Shortz Murder Mystery Reviewed
Matt Seidel November 1, 2013 | 4 books mentioned 4 3 min read
Stylistically, Shortz is perhaps over-fond of the pun, haphazardly abbreviates words, and is allergic to apostrophes, but no other living author can so seamlessly integrate crosswordese -- those rare words that pop up frequently in grids -- into a narrative.
An Open Letter to the Teenager Who Ruined My Copy of 'Ragtime'
Jacob Lambert August 22, 2016 | 4 books mentioned 9 3 min read
A couple of weeks ago, finding myself between books, I went to my shelves in search of something to read. After a time, I came to a copy of E.L. Doctorow's Ragtime that I've had for years, but never got around to reading. Doctorow's Billy Bathgate is one my favorite novels, and I recently enjoyed his Homer & Langley. That settled it: Ragtime it would be.
However, when I opened it that night, I let out a disappointed groan. Highlighter marks were everywhere; on the first page of text alone, seven words (among them "stouter" and — snort — "steamers") were underlined in neon blue, and the sentence "There was a lot of sexual fainting" had been, for some reason, parenthesized. I flipped ahead, and the blue marker was even thicker on subsequent pages. Though I've occasionally read secondhand books that previous owners had scribbled through, Ragtime was far too damaged to read. There was practically more highlighter than printer's ink.
The handwriting had a bouncy innocence to it, leading me to believe that it had come from a high school student, maybe a freshman or sophomore. It also seemed to have come from a female, though the vandal's gender is immaterial.
Do I have this right? I'm asking you directly, teenager who ruined my copy of Ragtime. Have I identified you correctly?
By now, you're probably in your 30s; I've had the book for at least a decade, and it was old when I got it. Since so much time has passed, then, I hope you won't be upset with me for pointing out a few absurdities in your novel-wrecking note-taking style. You destroyed Doctorow's masterpiece; the least you can do is understand my frustration.
First: when you highlighted a word, did you look it up soon afterward? Or did you wait until much later, seeking the definitions of 50 or 60 words at a time? I'm genuinely baffled by your approach. For example, the word "vaudeville" is underlined three times in the first six pages, and "vaudevillian" is marked not long after that. Did you ever look up "vaudeville," or did you just keep underlining it in manic exasperation? You underlined "affidavit" three times in the same paragraph. Wouldn't one mark have sufficed? Or did you just think that the blue looked neat? And could you really not figure out what a "sexologist" was? Was it that difficult to parse? Wouldn't a "cheeseologist" be someone who studies cheese?
Chapter three ends with the sentence "And up through the slum alleys, through the gray clothes hanging listlessly on lines strung across air shafts, rose the smell of fried fish." A highly evocative passage, seemingly straightforward enough. Yet you drew a bracket around "fried fish" with an arrow pointing to a plaintive question: "Why?" Why? Why would the smell of fried fish rise through the slum alleys? Sadly, I never had the chance to meet Doctorow — he died in 2015 — so I've never been able to ask him what he meant by this riddle. But I'd guess — and mind you, it's only a guess — that it had something to do with the fact that SOMEONE WAS FRYING FISH.
A similar conundrum confronts us on page 17, where you wrote "what year is this???" I assume you're asking in what year Ragtime takes place — not that, addled by the book, you forgot what year you were actually living in. Operating on that assumption, we can see that, on the first few pages alone, Doctorow secreted a number of clues as to when his story occurs. First, there are references to Harry Houdini, Jacob Riis, and to the shooting, years before, of "the steel millionaire Henry Frick" — so anyone with a decent grasp of American history might begin to infer an answer. Ragtime also depicts European immigration to Ellis Island and Teddy Roosevelt's presidency. Still, one can't be sure. Yet there is a tantalizing nugget that, if looked at in the proper way, could answer your thrice-punctuated question. It's buried deep within the very first line of Ragtime's very first chapter: In 1902…
Again, though, one can't be sure. "In 1902." What does that even mean?
At the bottom of page 25, you scrawled "what kind of jail is this?" I assume you're referring to the prison that Doctorow described Houdini escaping from, but there's an existential poignancy to your question that I can't fully shake. Is Ragtime itself — assigned by some tweedy English teacher; full of arcane terminology and long-dead characters — the jail you were referring to? If so, you pulled your own shrewd Houdini move, didn't you? Because just eight pages later, the highlighting ceased. The rest of the book is blessedly free of your scrawlings, as unmarked as the day it came off the press. It appears that you escaped the novel, mad with glee, never to blue its pages again.
I truly wish you the best. I hope the time you spent trapped in Ragtime didn't scar you too much, now-aging teenage highlighter. Hopefully, you're now a well-adjusted adult — and aren't the sort of almost-middle-aged crank who complains incessantly about trivial matters like, say, highlighter marks on an old paperback. That sort of person can seem like an irritating character in an old vaudeville show, don't you think?
Jacob Lambert
The Emails of Natalie Portman and Cormac McCarthy
Jacob Lambert July 25, 2016 | 4 books mentioned 4 4 min read
What is forever. The blasted plains. Low scarps of rock. Nothing upon them but carcasses and things to become carcasses.
Nook (Kindle) and Cranny: Literary Travel Suggestions for a 400 Square Foot Apartment
Zane Shetler August 26, 2014 | 4 books mentioned 1 4 min read
If you can get used to my roommate, I promise it will be an incredible experience.
Zane Shetler | 4 books mentioned 1 4 min read


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Readers ask: How To Make A Good Cgi Robot For Indie Filmmaking?
1 What film has the best CGI?
2 What makes good CGI?
3 Why does Nolan hate CGI?
4 Which company has the best CGI?
5 Who was the first fully CGI character?
6 Why does CGI look worse on TV?
7 Why is CGI so bad?
8 Why is CGI animation so bad?
9 Does Nolan hate CGI?
10 What is CGI and VFX?
11 What's more expensive CGI or practical effects?
12 Is CGI hard to learn?
13 Why CGI is so expensive?
14 What is the first movie to use CGI?
What film has the best CGI?
RANKED: The 23 best CGI-enhanced movies ever
"District 9" (2009) Sony.
"Sin City" (2005) Dimension Films.
"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button" (2008) Paramount.
"300" (2006) Warner Bros.
"Pan's Labyrinth" (2006) Picturehouse.
"The Perfect Storm" (2000) Warner Bros.
"The Black Hole" (1979) Disney.
What makes good CGI?
If it doesn't detract from it's surroundings, it's good CGI. If it has realistic flow and doesn't bust up the uncanny valley with a hammer, it's good CGI. Case in point; If you mix CGI with puppetry, usually it's pretty good.
Why does Nolan hate CGI?
Nolan chooses to minimise the amount of computer-generated imagery for special effects in his films, preferring to use practical effects whenever possible, and only using CGI to enhance elements which he has photographed in camera. Nolan explained: I believe in an absolute difference between animation and photography.
Which company has the best CGI?
Top CGI animation Companies
YellowDog. Private Company. Founded 2015.
Animal Logic. n/a. Founded 1991.
Light Chaser Animation Studios. n/a. Founded 2013.
XILAM ANIMATION. Listed Company. Founded 1999.
Platige Image. n/a. Founded 1997.
Design Corps. n/a. Founded date unknown.
Arnold. n/a. Founded 1997.
IBC Digital, Inc. Private Company.
You might be interested: Readers ask: On Siriusxm What Station Plays Current Indie Rock?
Who was the first fully CGI character?
In 1985 the film Young Sherlock Holmes, produced by Steven Spielberg's Amblin Entertainment, directed by Barry Levinson and written by Chris Columbus, included the first fully computer-generated (CGI) character, a knight composed of elements from a stained glass window.
Why does CGI look worse on TV?
This means when it changes format it can change the look of the image highlighting the attempts to match the grades between the back ground plate and the CGI. This is because films will always go for the best version they can which is not YUV.
Why is CGI so bad?
If CGI is poorly executed, it can make the image look bad. In a scene, there needs to be something organic and real to bridge the gap between reality and enhancement. But, if an actor is preparing for a CGI scene, it can be difficult to broker an emotional connection, which can affect their performance.
Why is CGI animation so bad?
Bad CGI distracts because your brain immediately spots the visual conflict between the real scene or the 2D scene and the 3D insert. The use of CGI requires a deft hand and there are anime where that is achieved. But there are also quite a few anime that rely on it as a cost cutting measure where it shows.
Does Nolan hate CGI?
It's not that he dislikes CGI or 3D, for him the utmost significance is the fact that his movie be real as possible, Be it TDK Trilogy, Inception or his other projects. He wants the audience to fully visualize the scene they are watching.
You might be interested: Often asked: How Much Does An Indie Game Sell?
What is CGI and VFX?
Computer-generated imagery (CGI) is a style of animation or illustration that relies on computer programs to create characters and motion. Visual effects (VFX) focuses on adding effects to existing imagery or film.
What's more expensive CGI or practical effects?
Originally Answered: Is CGI more or less expensive than the equivalent physical, non-CGI effects (when feasible)? CGI is more expensive.
Is CGI hard to learn?
Learning CGI animation is a difficult, laborious process that on average takes up to three or four years. Avoid becoming discouraged, as many beginners find learning CGI animation overwhelming at first.
Why CGI is so expensive?
The cost of CGI is significant for two reasons: the people and computer resources. CGI production is extremely computer resource-intensive. A single frame can take around 12-hours to render based on the complexity. With 45 frames per second, that equates to 540 compute hours for a single version of a single second.
What is the first movie to use CGI?
The first movie to use computer-generated imagery (CGI) was "Westworld." The process, which involves rendering special effects on a computer rather than physically, has only become more prevalent since then. Some critically acclaimed films, such as "Titanic" and "The Matrix" changed the face of moviemaking with CGI.
Quick Answer: Which Of The Following Is A Characteristic Of An Indie Film Quizlet?
Often asked: How To Create A Company As An Indie Develiper?


Each week differs from the next in the blogging industry; you never know which opportunities are lurking around the corner or which life-changing email is seconds away from dropping into your inbox. Okay, life-changing might be an exaggeration, but when Superga proposed to whisk a group of incredible girls and me to Los Angeles for three days, in celebration of Alexa Chung's recent collaboration with the brand I knew this was going to a career highlight!
After a rocky start to the year and feelings of demotivation starting to set in three days packed with sunshine, good food and endless giggles were precisely what I needed. All captured effortlessly by Fen in the video below.
Highlights also included; lunch at Rose Cafe, (if anyone can make a bowl of cauliflower look appealing, it's this place), paddling boarding with Paddle Method by the Marina and views from Griffiths Observatory.
Thank you Superga for an unforgettable trip!
Above and below: Apartment in Vesterbro via AirBnb.
Left and below: Chocolate pastry from Meyers Bageri. A must try in CPH!
Above: Burgers @ Sliders / Right: Birthday dinner at Host.
Right: PLAY TYPE pop up store.
Above and below: Images taken at Louisiana Museum of Modern Art. High recommend a day trip to this museum to anyone visiting Copenhagen.
Left: Black CPH - A beautiful lifestyle store selling high quality clothing for both men and women, accessories, interior and furniture. Stocking Margaret Howell, Comme Des Garcons, Levis and much more.
Left: Our front door in Vesterbro.
Above: Copenhagen Central Station / Left: Exhibition at Louisiana Museum of Modern Art.
A small collation of photographs from the month of March. March consisted of 3 great trips to London (one more still to go, but more about that later) in which I consumed a fantastic brunch; held exciting meetings and attended the sensual COS magazine launch.


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Fantasy FootballFantasy Football
Weekly RankingsWeekly Rankings
Scoring LeadersScoring Leaders
Consistency RatingsConsistency Ratings
Player NewsPlayer News
Most-Added/DroppedMost-Added/Dropped
The Fantasy ShowThe Fantasy Show
ADPADP
Stat CorrectionsStat Corrections
Fantasy Focus: Board BetsFantasy Focus: Board Bets
Fantasy Football 101Fantasy Football 101
RulesRules
UndroppablesUndroppables
Veteran moves: Alternate fantasy playoff options
49dAJ Mass and Tristan H. Cockcroft
Clay: Updated top 240 dynasty fantasy football rankings
13dMike Clay
Pick up these five players to stash in keeper leagues
36dTristan H. Cockcroft
Fantasy football: Best and worst of the 2019 campaign
2020 fantasy football rankings: Christian McCaffrey is our top pick
Fantasy fail: Fantasy football last-place punishments
15dTory Barron
Christian McCaffrey, Breshad Perriman among most common players on fantasy championship rosters
Final 2019 Consistency Ratings
2017-19 Consistency Ratings
Berry: Pick up TEs who face the Cardinals (2:15)
Matthew Berry notes that the Cardinals are allowing more fantasy points to tight ends than any other team in the league, and he adds that Jack Doyle is his top fantasy TE pickup for Week 14. (2:15)
AJ Mass and Tristan H. Cockcroft
The fantasy football playoffs are here, and with them brings a degree of randomness that comes with assigning great weight to one- or two-week matchups.
Fantasy intel for all 32 NFL teams ahead of Week 14
Alexander Mattison, Raheem Mostert among top fantasy football free-agent finds for Week 14
1 Related
We're all for tradition, but if your league is seeking to freshen up its playoff system, or would simply like to inject some excitement into the fantasy postseason, Tristan H. Cockcroft and AJ Mass have some ideas for new playoff formats that you could integrate into your leagues beginning next season.
Pick your poison: Is there anything more painful than earning a top playoff seed, only to lose your first-round matchup to the lowest seed that snuck into the mix as the league's hottest hand? Give the best seeds in your league a reward for their regular-season efforts by allowing the highest playing seed in each playoff week to pick his/her opponent, with the remaining teams getting matched up with one another. For example, in a six-playoff-team system with one-week playoff matchups, in Week 14 the No. 3 seed would get the choice of any of the Nos. 4, 5 or 6 seeds as opponent, and in Week 15 the No. 1 seed would get the choice of either the No. 2 seed or either of the Week 14 winners. It builds in an element of strategy, but better yet, it's a good way to ramp up the smack talk in your league! -- Cockcroft
Pacesetter week: In the NFL, when the No. 1 seed gets a bye, it's an opportunity for that team to rest up its bumps and bruises and get healthy for the next game. That's good. In fantasy, there's no such "rest benefit." And when your QB throws for 400 yards and 4 TDs in Week 14, all you get is frustration, as it doesn't count for anything -- until now. To truly give an advantage to a fantasy team that has earned it, allow teams on a bye to still set a starting lineup in Week 14. In Week 15, they'll get a second bite of the proverbial apple with a fresh starting lineup, getting to use the higher score of the two weeks as their official total for their postseason tilt. -- Mass
Most points sub-in: Doesn't it stink to be the week's second highest-scoring team, only to have drawn the top-scoring team as your opponent? A similar, yet grander-scale pain is felt by those who finish among the highest-scoring teams in their fantasy league, only to miss out with, say, a 5-8 record due to having drawn a terribly unlucky schedule. To combat this, why not reserve the final playoff seed in your league -- or better, the final two in a six-team format -- for the team(s) that scored the most total points among teams that didn't qualify for any of the higher seeds? Gone is the frustration of missing out on the playoffs by one win despite having outscored one of the playoff teams by 200-plus points [e] and trust me, the first time that happens to you, you'll be right on board with the idea. (Note: leagues that incorporate the idea might well want to combine this with the "Pick your poison" idea, due to the strengthening in quality of the playoff's final entrant.) -- Cockcroft
Playoff pods: Two's company, three's a battle royale. Instead of head-to-head matchups, why not make the postseason a little more interesting with a pod format. Nine teams make the playoffs and get seeded into three pods: 1-8-9, 2-6-7, and 3-4-5. In Week 14, the lowest-scoring team in each pod is eliminated, leaving six teams. Reseed those six sides into two new pods for Week 15, with the highest-scoring team in each pod, plus the highest second-place team entering the Championship Pod for Week 16. -- Mass
NFL playoffs fantasy playoff: I'm flummoxed every time a manager provides the rationale that they like the traditional fantasy playoff format because "it's the most like the real game." Well, I can guarantee you that your players certainly do not play for you in Week 16 as if a championship is on the line, but I can guarantee they would during the NFL postseason. So what if we use the NFL playoffs as our own playoffs? Make the fantasy regular season the full 17 weeks, with the best-finishing teams being ordered first through fourth for a straight draft -- not serpentine, as a straight draft better rewards regular-season success -- of players qualified for the NFL postseason. You can either lock in those post-draft rosters or allow add/drops and set weekly lineups, and the team with the greatest point total at the conclusion of the Super Bowl wins. For an added wrinkle, you could even allow any of the four playoff teams to lock in players who qualified for the NFL postseason. That'd ramp up the strategy on draft day as well as on the trade market. Granted, scoring for these leagues would be more difficult, as leagues would probably need to do it by hand, but it wasn't that long ago that it was the way all leagues were done! -- Cockcroft
Week 17 tournament: We all know that leagues are loath to have their title game in Week 17 due to the likelihood that NFL teams will rest their studs in what, for them, is a meaningless contest. Why not lean into that possibility? Each team other than the league champion sets a lineup for Week 17, with a small prize at stake. The winner is the team that finishes exactly in the middle of the pack. Do you start your stars and hope they hang up the cleats early? Do you start your scrubs and hope they don't end up getting tons of unexpected touches? A whole new strategy emerges. -- Mass
Musical chairs: One-week fantasy matchups have an inherent randomness to them, which can be particularly frustrating during the playoffs. Instead of using single-elimination, you could eliminate teams one at a time, with the team bumped being the one that has the fewest total points at the conclusion of the week (cumulative totals, so Week 14, then 14-15 combined, 14-16, etc.). -- Cockcroft
Real-life tiebreak: It behooves a league manager to have rules in place to break a playoff tie prior to a deadlock actually taking place. Some leagues designate "overtime players" in advance, whose scores only count in the event of a stalemate. Some leagues award the victory to the team that scored the most touchdowns. But, ties are rare (especially in leagues with fractional points), so when they do occur, why not make them an event to remember? Fantasy managers traditionally have no influence over the result. They can't actually gain yards or play defense or give a struggling performer a halftime pep talk. If there's a tie, you can't make your fantasy team play more football, but the fantasy managers can square off themselves. Be it a game of poker, buying two identical jigsaw puzzles and seeing who can solve theirs first, or blindfolded field goal kicking from the 30... give your fantasy managers some agency for once -- and enjoy the show! -- Mass


behind the labels gracing this month's cover CD, Lucky Devil and Revolution Recordings.
One person was a singer, another was good at Guy in fact went on to write for us at Knowledge. I often bought the tunes without hearing them.
project. It's something that should keep chang- to make it really special. It has to be a bit more long-standing friends.
& bass, breaks, dubstep or grime.


Introduce your students to the penny, nickel, dime, quarter, and dollar. Use the following printable pages for early money identification. Students may use the sheets for coloring money including coins and bills, or as a money reference. Large money printouts.
Click on a link below to select your worksheet.
The page will open in a new window.
Students should color the penny brown.
The penny is worth 1 cent (1/100 of a dollar). The penny has the profile of Abraham Lincoln, who was the16th President of the United States. The back has a picture of the Lincoln memorial. Pennies contain 97% zinc and 3% copper.
Color the nickel, and other coins silver.
The nickel is worth 5 cents (1/20th of a dollar). The nickel has the profile of Thomas Jefferson, who was the third President of the United States. The back of the nickel has a picture of Monticello, Jefferson's house near Charlottesville, Virginia.
The dime is worth 10 cents. It pictures Franklin Roosevelt. The back of the dime has a picture of a torch, oak branch, and olive branch.
The quarter is worth 25 cents. George Washington is pictured on the front of the quarter. The back has an eagle.
Color the dollar bill green.
The front of the dollar bill has a picture of George Washington. The back includes the word "ONE", a pyramid, and a bald eagle.
NOTE: These pages require Adobe PDF viewer, which may be downloaded for free.
See our money worksheets page for more information.


Drooling over Janet Arnold's Patterns of Fashion 2 (Amazon Associates link), I quickly determined that a gown from 1870-71 would be my first challenge.
This was made for one of my LARP (Live Action RolePlaying) characters, so I made some changes for in game reasons. One change was the amount of fabric I used. One of the game mechanics is the "Certificate of Authenticity." You can see two pinned to the front apron of my skirt. Basically, no matter how fancy your outfit is, unless you have a certificate/tag giving it an in-game value, other characters won't view it as especially special. Many characters don't care about this kind of thing, but mine is a British Aristocrat, and when playing the society game, that kind of thing is important! After all, it isn't enough to be fancy if people don't KNOW you're fancy! Oh, and she does have a robotic hand. Keystone LARP is a weird west alternate history LARP, and tons of fun. And yes, I did pick my character background based on how I could be the MOST fancy.
Oh yes. Back to the certificate of authenticity. My character had obtained one worth "1kg of silk." I didn't use actual silk. I used a sythetic taffeta I found at the amazing $3 a yard Auburn Fabric Outlet (773 Southbridge St, Auburn, MA 01501). I knew I'd bought too much, so I cut off a yard and weighed it on my baking scale. Then, I did the math to make sure I used no more than 1kg of fabric.
The oversleeve bits aren't as full as I'd have liked, and I had to skip the ruffle on the bottom skirt hem, but I REALLY enjoyed the challenge. And I even left enough for a hat! I followed the tutorial from one of my favorite websites ever: http://historicalsewing.com/the-3-hour-hat-non-tutorial I just need to finish it, with either peacock feathers or discarded feathers from my friend's gorgeous parrot!
I had some growing pains with figuring out how to make this work, so there are a lot of files! Bear with me, and please reach out if parts are missing!!! I was just diagnosed with Cervicogenic Headache and Dizziness, and have been dealing with visual tracking dysfunction for almost two months, so my time on the computer is pretty limited at the moment. Otherwise, I would proofread these better. I may need to re-export some of the pattern pieces.
Also, I used these to do fittings in muslin, and the bodice is a VERY tight fit. You'll need to do a lot of your own customization!
You know what I love? Ruffles. You know what I hate? Manually gathering stuff. The Janome Universal Ultimate Ruffler is the best thing in the history of things.The reviews are only 3 stars, but ignore them.
It is also amazing for pleats. I made a dress basically centered around pleats. I was going to post it later, but I want to make sure you know how much I love that sewing machine foot!
Janet Arnold 1870's Gown bodice and skirt?
If you like, I can look through my notes to see if I can find the weight of the fabric. This is kind of a weird way to measure the fabric, but it was for a LARP character and I got an in-game item I got to represent with this dress. I believe the tag said 1 kg. Would it help you if I find some of my scraps and estimate?


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Review – The Monitor by Titus Andronicus March 23, 2010
This review first appeared in Beatroute Magazine. Before I wrote it, I listened to the album front to back twice. I was intrigued, as you can probably tell. By the fifth listen I realized I was listening to nothing else. By the tenth time through, I was plotting it's position in my Top 50 Albums Of All Time with great prejudice.
If given an opportunity, I would probably recant what I said about the way this album develops; it's savvy didn't dawn on me until way after the copy date. Titus Andronicus injects a ton of an arrested adolescence we have seen spoken of in recent albums by The xx and others, but then they decide to just grab their crotches and rock out. The QOTSA comparison holds water in the sense that this album is good and whereas the other album failed to inspire me, but the gloss and pop sensibility that characterized Songs For The Deaf is not present. The Monitor finds it's voice in as many places as it possibly can, finding refuge in punk and rock, anthems and dirges, post-rock and alt-country. As a loose concept album about the American Civil War and as a something to bang your head to (against?) to it succeeds on levels of nothing else I have heard in quite some time. Not that I listen to concept albums about national struggles over slavery very often or anything…you get what I mean. It's awesome.
The gravel in Patrick Stickles' voice might not evoke the response often, but a friend of mine mentioned how it sounded like Bright Eyes. I was kind of aghast at this comparison (Desaparecidos maybe, but Bright Eyes?), but as I thought about it more, it really is fairly apt.
The major reason (in my mind) that people dislike Bright Eyes is because the lyricism of Conor Obrest makes people intensely uncomfortable. When you listen to a song by Journey or something, the emotion and topics that form the similar foundation of poetry for both exists, but the quality of the poetry and songwriting is disparate enough that Obrest simply expresses those emotions far clearer and more precisely. Emotion is only cool to an extent to that in a group, one would not be mocked for the enjoyment of such language of loss and pain. The word "Emo" was quickly drawn up to disparage an entire demographic that identified with some fairly dour subject matter in their iTunes library. While they didn't help themselves by subverting that musical subgenre with some fairly shitty material and questionable purchases at Hot Topic, the message was clear: if you are sad or take part in perceived sad-sackery you are uncool and are open to acceptable mockery.
The Monitor is an album that nearly wallows in frustration, and that anger is (as Dr. Melfi would say) depression turned inwards. While it is easy to pin Obrest as "depressed" due to the style in which most of his discography is presented, they meet lyrically like Lego, Titus only deciding to punch a wall instead of weeping against it. Both are perfectly acceptable to some, but will always be rejected by a movement that is as stoney as it is erudite. This anti-sadness brigade is really just a railing against any public inclination towards emotions they themselves share, but are too reserved to share. Which, of course, is total bullshit. Do you think Jim Stark had no emotion? Do you think that wasn't just a front and a lamented mask? Wasn't that the whole point of Rebel Without a Cause and the whole brilliance of James Dean?
People are going to point to this album with the same derision they do anything by Bright Eyes, and I still cannot explain why. Maybe it will be punk rock enough not to threaten anyone's masculinity.
Yet Fleet Foxes and The Antlers are cool. I don't get it.
Here is the review, as printed. This is the best album of 2010 so far. Seek it out.
Titus Andronicus is a band that never shies away from bombast. From naming themselves after a fairly popular Roman military figure and Shakespeare character to opening their new album "The Monitor" with a truncated speech from former United States President Abraham Lincoln, the band gets as close your face as possible without treating it to a smart head-butt.
It's strange, however, that this outing has more in common with "Songs for the Deaf" by Queens of the Stone Age in terms of the career arc of a band. "Songs for the Deaf" represented a streamlined QOTSA, bringing out the hooky, accessible aspects of the band's sometimes monotonous sound. Though Titus Andronicus lacks the extended precedence for such a qualification, the metaphor is fitting; "The Monitor" is an incredibly listenable album, chock full of anthems and entertaining guitar work that the previous "Airing of Grievances" seemed patently opposed to.
Lyrically, Titus seems to want to distract from these dangerous flirtations with pop with full on punk-rock cynicism. The marriage between the two, however, seems to cleanse the sentiments of the scorn. Chants of "You'll always be a loser" and "The enemy is everywhere" seem less like statements of defeat (or victory, or admonishment) and more a call to community, as if to say you'll always be a loser, but we will too.
Though "The Monitor" seems to run out of new tricks in it's last act with shoegaze dirges that would seem more at home on "Grievances", it proves to be one of the finest albums of the young year. The director of this Titus Andronicus seems more focused, and with that brings out the best in some already promising ideas. Plus, you'll want to keep it in mind when they tour, as "The Monitor" sounds like it will foment a jaw-dropping live effort.
Tags: beatroute, cd, music, review, Titus Andronicus
Categories Official Works
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