text:
INDUSTRY24h
100 years of Kaeser Kompressoren
A tradition of innovation
News, Pumps & Compressors
Kristina Kraft
Picture: Kaeser Kompressoren
The history of the Coburg compressed air specialist, Kaeser Kompressoren truly is a remarkable story. Although many a company celebrates its centenary, they cannot all boast such sustained and continuously positive development. A look behind the scenes.
Kaeser is active all over the world in its centenary year, 2019. However, the general public rarely comes face to face with the compressed air specialist's products. Only the portable compressors catch the eye with their black and yellow livery and attractive design, when used for road construction work. Compressed air stations tend to be hidden away in outbuildings. Yet Kaeser compressors are just as likely to be found in power stations in Australia as in Peruvian gold mines, used by aerospace engineers in the US, fish farms in Norway, car manufacturers in Germany, at the Cern particle accelerator in Switzerland, on ski pistes in Austria, on Arabian oil fields or the weaving mills in Asia. Compressed air is just as vital as electricity. No company with an industrial production line can get by without compressed air. Today, Kaeser has a global presence. Its customers range in size from craftsman's establishments to large-scale industry.
It all began in a small workshop in Coburg's Hahnweg. The old buildings are still standing in which Carl Kaeser senior started producing spare parts and engines for cars, along with gear wheels and special machines for the glass industry, with a team of eight employees and two apprentices in June 1919. Business was booming. Within a few years, the company was to employ a 150-strong workforce. After World War II, virtually the entire customer base fell by the wayside as most were located in Thuringia and Saxony – and thus on the other side of the border. Taking advantage of the available automotive expertise, production was adapted without further ado to similar products: reciprocating compressors. Thus began Kaeser's successful focus on compressed air. In 1948, the first reciprocating compressor rolled off the Hahnweg production line as the company continued to evolve.
Further challenges emerged during the mid-1960s. In retrospect, it may perhaps be described as the first technological shift. Screw compressors came onto the market. Once again, Kaeser spearheaded the change with its very own invention: Sigma Profile was born. Developed in-house, it is a rotary screw airend with a special energy-efficient rotor profile that was groundbreaking at the time. Since then, Sigma Profile has been the centrepiece of every Kaeser rotary screw compressor; needless to say, it is also refined on an ongoing basis. Screw rotors are interconnected spirals with helical lobes.
This innovative spirit pervades the company to this day, resulting in a steady stream of innovations in compressed air technology and applying equally to hardware, software and services. From the refrigeration dryer to revolutionary controllers (Sigma Air Manager 4.0), from the portable compressor to completely new business models, where the customer basically only purchases the compressed air, through to digitalisation and Industrie 4.0, Kaeser still blazes a trail in the industry for the cost-effective, reliable, efficient generation and use of compressed air, thanks to its innovative, top-quality products and services. Most production facilities are located in Germany, with sales and service available in every corner of the globe.
The company's early international expansion was a vital aspect of its growth. The first branch opened in Switzerland in 1978, with Austria and France following hot on its heels. Today, Kaeser has more than 50 own subsidiaries and is represented by exclusive contract partners in over 100 countries. Kaeser Kompressoren employs in excess of 6000 staff worldwide, many of whom have been loyal for decades.
How was this achieved? The company's secret recipe is an unwavering passion for innovation, sound engineering expertise, close customer contact and an awareness of their needs, combined with exceptional quality standards, a good dose of common sense and the main ingredients: excellent teams and strong family ties. However, family does not just refer to the owner family, Thomas Kaeser and Tina-Maria Vlantoussi-Kaeser, now the third generation to manage the company, while the fourth has also just come on board, in the form of their son Alexander Jan Kaeser. All staff are considered family at Kaeser. This is evident in the high apprenticeship rate, well above average, and the extremely long service record of the employees, usually more than 30 years. But it is also reflected in the company's business development: for 100 years without fail, the operating result has been positive. Even in 2009, the year of the global crisis. From Anchorage to Auckland, Coburg or Kauai, Kaeser is a family-owned company with strong ties to Germany; it views the entire world as its home turf and offers 'Made in Germany' quality from start to finish. The next innovative chapter is just waiting to be written.
Related Topics:Keasertrending
Fast and competent repair centers
Flender and Wikov announce service cooperation
Flender, Bocholt and Wikov Industry a.s., Prague announce a comprehensive service cooperation for gear units from other manufacturers. Both companies look forward to this long-term and sustainable partnership. Plant operators will benefit from Flender's and Wikov's comprehensive service portfolio, now also available for gear units from other manufacturers. The key objective is to provide customers a one-stop-service, globally.
Plant availability is the key driver of economic success across many industries. Frequently, components from multiple manufacturers are deployed in a single application, which increases complexity of maintenance for operators. Flender's and Wikov's cooperation will enable their customers to benefit from a one-stop-service. Both companies are leading gear unit specialists, and well known for their comprehensive and competent service portfolio.
By combining resources, their customers will benefit from Flender's service network with more than 50 repair centers globally. Short distances between a customer's plant and a service center are a cornerstone of the business model, which ensures flexible and fast execution combined with Flender's proven highest quality.
"Our global set-up enables us to serve customers fast, and exactly according to their needs. This is key to further increase our customers' plant availability." says Nevzat Oezcan, General Manager Flender Customer Service.
Wikov has extensive and long-lasting experience regarding spare parts for gear units from other manufacturers, and hence can provide these with highest quality in short time. "Our engineering know-how enables us to offer customers our comprehensive service portfolio for all gear units, irrespective of the manufacturer." states Antonín Růžička, Managing Director of Wikov.
Customers across the globe now can rely on a single service partner for all gear units, due to the combination of customer proximity, highest quality and availability of spare parts, and the long-lasting service experience from Flender and Wikov. In addition, both companies will continue to offer their service portfolio for their original products.
Award for Young European Investigators
This year's research prize goes to Austria
In 2019, the Hamburg life science company is presenting its highly prestigious research prize for the 24th time. The independent Eppendorf Award Jury chaired by Prof. Reinhard Jahn selected Dr. Georg Winter, Principal Investigator at the CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria, as the 2019 winner of the Eppendorf Award for Young European Investigators.
The Award ceremony took place at the EMBL Advanced Training Centre in Heidelberg, Germany, on June 27, 2019. The laudatio honoring Georg Winter's achievements was held by Award Jury Chairman Prof. Reinhard Jahn of the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen.
Georg Winter, born 1985, receives the € 20,000 prize for his pioneering work developing a method for targeting specific proteins for degradation using heterobifunctional chemical compounds to specifically recruit ubiquitin E3 ligases to the intended protein target for destruction.
The Jury: "This powerful system enables targeting of previously undruggable targets and shows promise both in cells and in vivo in model systems as an emerging therapy." Georg Winter's work has led to a fury of excitement across pharmaceutical companies and has resulted in several patents; it holds promise to yield novel therapies for cancer and other diseases of unmet need.
"I felt incredibly honored and humbled when I learned that I will be awarded with the 2019 Eppendorf Award. This price recognizes our work in innovating a generalizable solution to targeted protein degradation in vivo. We are pursuing this new therapeutic paradigm towards our ultimate goal of degrading disease-relevant proteins that are thus far deemed 'undruggable'. My contribution to this exciting field would not have been possible without groundbreaking work from esteemed peers, the amazing support from mentors, and close and fruitful collaborations with colleagues in the lab."
Georg Winter, Principal Investigator at the CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences
With the Eppendorf Award for Young European Investigators, which was established in 1995, Eppendorf AG honors outstanding work in biomedical research and supports young scientists in Europe up to the age of 35. The Eppendorf Award is presented in partnership with the scientific journal Nature. The Award winner is selected by an independent committee composed of Prof. Reinhard Jahn (Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany), Prof. Dieter Häussinger (Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectiology, Düsseldorf, Germany), Prof. Maria Leptin (EMBO, Heidelberg, Germany), Prof. Martin J. Lohse (Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany), and Prof. Laura Machesky (Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK).
Chemicals Measurement, Instrumentation, Control & Automation News Pharmaceuticals Plant Construction, Engineering & Components Water & Waste Water
Dialogue between manufacturers and users
Satisfied customers through integration
Dialogue between manufacturers and users. At the Open Integration meeting in Reinach, Switzerland, in early June, representatives from the chemical and pharmaceutical industries explained how they benefit from the partner program during digitalization of their process control systems. (Picture: Endress + Hauser)
35 Open Integration partners gathered together at Endress + Hauser in Reinach, Switzerland, to share their experiences and thoughts for the first time. A highlight of the event was a presentation from representatives of the chemical and pharmaceutical industries outlining how they benefit from the partner program during digitalization of their processes – and what they would like to see in the future.
The goal of the Open Integration program initiated by Endress + Hauser can be summed up quickly: the simple, fast and manufacturer-independent integration of components and devices into various automation systems. And, almost more importantly, satisfied customers.
While it sounds simple in theory, when it comes to day-to-day system operation, it's far from that. Even the most experienced automation specialists have great respect for multi-vendor systems. That also applies to complete solutions "from a single source." After all, digital communications – a precondition for the extensive use of existing intelligence in field devices and systems – places serious demands on integration.
With its Open Integration partner program, Endress + Hauser is inviting providers of control technology, fieldbus infrastructure, measurement technology and actuator systems to test and document the interaction of their products even more extensively in the interests of their customers. The cooperation partners include Auma Riester, Bürkert, Festo, Flowserve, Hima Paul Hildebrandt, Honeywell Process Solutions, Mitsubishi Electric, Pepperl + Fuchs, Phoenix Contact, Rockwell Automation, Schneider Electric and Turck.
Open standards as a basis
The foundation of this effort is open communication standards (Hart, Profibus, Foundation Fieldbus, EtherNet/IP or Profinet), as well as open integration standards (FDT, EDD, FDI). With a nearly unlimited selection of options, the reference topologies represent practical combinations suitable for applications in the chemical, life sciences, food & beverage, oil & gas, power & energy, primaries & metal and water & wastewater industries.
The reference topologies take into account industry-typical requirements such as explosion protection, availability and redundancy. Each topology is thoroughly tested and documented in the lab in Reinach in conjunction with the partners, after which the recommendations are published.
Interoperability tests create added value
And how do customers benefit from the Open Integration partner program? Every problem that the integration experts discover prior to commissioning can be resolved at a much lower cost compared to fixing the issue in the field at some later point. Customers receive concrete, validated recommendations for automating their systems, which go well beyond established conformity and interoperability testing while ensuring seamless integration. Last but not least, they save time and money.
With developments such as IIoT and APL, users will face new challenges, plus integration testing will be given added weight. This makes it even more important for the Open Integration partners to work together over the long term. The participating customer and provider representatives were in full agreement on this point. Cyber security, in addition to the issue of connectivity, will play a key role in the future. They furthermore agreed that effective strategies need to be developed to counter new entrants in the automation industry such as IBM or Amazon.
Customer-driven developments
One thing was clear during the get-together in Reinach in early June: the process control industry wants open, interoperable systems instead of proprietary solutions. One of the users wants uniform, structured access to static information via QR- and RFID-supported type plates in accordance with DIN 91406. Standardized diagnostics in line with NE 107 is also at the top of the wish list.
In the near term, Endress + Hauser wants to work with its partners to address these and other open issues with the aim of utilizing Open Integration to offer customers even more value-add during digitalization of their processes. The common goal: satisfied customers who can extensively utilize the opportunities that digitalization brings with little risk.
Copyright © FACHWELT VERLAG


text:
Upgrading international coconut genebanks and evaluating accessions
Start Date: 01 October 2011| End Date: 31 March 2012
Global Crop Diversity Trust
Brazil, Côte d'Ivoire, Indonesia, India, Malaysia and Sri Lanka.
Centre National de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA) - Cote d'Ivoire
CIRAD- Département des Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-Bios), France
Cocoa & Coconut Institute of PNG
Coconut Research Institute (CRI)
Zamboanga Research Center (ZRC) of the Philippine Coconut Authority (PCA)
Coordinating agency
Roland Bourdeix
Chantal Hamelin
Chitra Jayasekara
Gerardo B. Baylon
Jean Louis Konan
Lalith Perera
Mathias Gille Faure
Max Ruas
Ramon Rivera
Download Terminal report (0.9MB)
Background, overview and objectives
During a network meeting in 2009, one of the main limiting factors of updating the Global Coconut Conservation Strategy process was identified as "making decisions with incomplete or obsolete information". Indeed, Over the last decade, not enough information has been shared among the COGENT coconut genebanks. Thus, there is no overview of which accessions are still viable, what new germplasm has been collected, and which germplasm has been lost during the last 10-year period.
The first step towards refining the conservation strategy is to update and analyze the data about the current status of world coconut germplasm. This survey needs to be conducted not only on the germplasm conserved, but also on the techniques used to conserve and to reproduce this germplasm, and on the cost of conservation.
Between 1992 and 2002, the Coconut Genetic Resources Database (CGRD) was developed to manage and disseminate information about the accessions in the COGENT genebanks. Presently, 1459 coconut accessions from 28 collecting sites in 23 countries are recorded in the database. The database includes 79 passport descriptors, 121 evaluation descriptors and 9 molecular marker (microsatellites) descriptors. Development and management of the CGRD database was stopped in 2003 when funding was no longer available for this activity. Except for the Côte d'Ivoire genebank, the data were not updated. For 84% of the accessions, the latest inventories of the palms recorded in the CGRD date back 11 years or more. Many palms may have disappeared since that time. Characterization data stored in the CGRD database were never comparatively analyzed.
The viability and integrity of accessions worldwide needs to be urgently assessed. Around half of the global coconut accessions are more than 25 years old. At 25 to 30 years old, palms grow up to 15m high. The inflorescences become almost impossible to reach for controlled pollination. Also some countries are forced to regenerate their accessions using open pollination, because of a lack of equipment, expertise and funding.
The aim of the project:
The project is funded by the Global Crop Diversity Trust, and operating in 5 International Coconut genebank (Brazil, Côte d'Ivoire, Indonesia, India and the Papua New Guinea) and with the collaboration of the CRI the project aims to :
Update and analyse the germplasm data from 6 major coconut genebanks, namely Brazil, Côte d'Ivoire, Indonesia, India, Malaysia and Sri Lanka; and revitalize the network in order to obtain data from other country members.
Improve the software "Coconut Genetic Resources Database" which is presently downloadable
Make the germplasm data available online on the COGENT website and through the GENESYS portal.
Design a standard procedure for assessing the quality and viability of accessions conserved in coconut genebanks.
Launch the process for updating the Global Coconut Conservation Strategy.
Research Areas-Tags
Crops, Accessions, Coconut, Genebank, Genetic Resources, Regeneration
You are here: Home Network projects Past projects Upgrading genebanks

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Tethya acuta är en svampdjursart som beskrevs av Sarà 2004. Tethya acuta ingår i släktet Tethya och familjen Tethyidae.

Artens utbredningsområde är havet kring Australien. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Horn- och kiselsvampar
acuta

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: CAN and BAN estimators of $\sigma^2$ Let $X_1,X_2,..X_n \sim^{\text{i.i.d}} N(0,\sigma^2)$
Show that $T_n=\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^{n} X_i^2$ is a Consistent and Asymptotically Normal estimator(CAN) as well as the Best Asymptotic Normal Estimator(BAN) of $\sigma^2$.
Indeed, $E(T_n)=\sigma^2$ and $V(T_n)=\frac{2 \sigma^4}{n}$.
So, $T_n$ is a CAN estimator.
But to show that it is a BAN estimator , $V(T_n)$ should be equal to $n$ times the Rao Cramer lower bound.
But I am failing to show that.

A: CRB
Let's write down the PDF
\begin{equation}
 f_{X_i}(x_i \vert \sigma^2) \sim \frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi \sigma^2}}\exp(-\frac{x_i^2}{2\sigma^2} )
\end{equation}
Assuming independence, we have that
\begin{equation}
 L(\sigma^2) = f(x_1 \ldots x_n \vert \sigma^2)
 =
 f(x_1 \vert \sigma^2) \ldots f(x_n \vert \sigma^2)
 =
 \frac{1}{(2\pi \sigma^2)^{n/2}}
 \exp(- \frac{1}{2\sigma^2}\sum_{i=1}^n x_i^2)
\end{equation}
Take the log likelihood
\begin{equation}
 l(\sigma^2)
 =
 \log L(\sigma^2)
 =
 -\frac{n}{2}
 \log(2 \pi \sigma^2)
 - \frac{1}{2\sigma^2}\sum_{i=1}^n x_i^2
\end{equation}
Deriving w.r.t $\sigma^2$, we have
\begin{equation}
 l'(\sigma^2)
 =
 -\frac{n}{2}
 \frac{1}{\sigma^2}
 + \frac{1}{2\sigma^4}\sum_{i=1}^n x_i^2
\end{equation}
Derive again
\begin{equation}
 l''(\sigma^2)
 =
 \frac{n}{2}
 \frac{1}{\sigma^4}
 - \frac{1}{\sigma^6}\sum_{i=1}^n x_i^2
\end{equation}
Take the expectation now
\begin{equation}
 E(l''(\sigma^2))
 =
 E \big(
 \frac{n}{2}
 \frac{1}{\sigma^4}
 - \frac{1}{\sigma^6}\sum_{i=1}^n x_i^2
 \big)
\end{equation}
The only random part here is $x_i^2$, hence
\begin{equation}
 E(l''(\sigma^2))
 =
 \frac{n}{2}
 \frac{1}{\sigma^4}
 - \frac{1}{\sigma^6}\sum_{i=1}^n E x_i^2
\end{equation}
But $E x_i^2 = \sigma^2$ so
\begin{equation}
 E(l''(\sigma^2))
 =
 \frac{n}{2}
 \frac{1}{\sigma^4}
 - \frac{1}{\sigma^6}\sum_{i=1}^n \sigma^2
 =
 \frac{n}{2}
 \frac{1}{\sigma^4}
 - \frac{n}{\sigma^4}
 =
 -
 \frac{n}{2\sigma^4}
\end{equation}
So, the Fisher information is
\begin{equation}
 F = - E(l''(\sigma^2)) = \frac{n}{2\sigma^4}
\end{equation}
Then the CRB is
\begin{equation}
 CRB = \frac{1}{F} = \frac{2\sigma^4}{n} = V(T_n)
\end{equation}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The GE Voluson E6 is the entry-level system in the E-Series platform, providing exceptional image quality in a smart system designed to meet your facilities daily needs. Built on the powerful E-Series platform, the Voluson E6 combines advanced probe technology plus innovative hardware and software architecture. Every component works together - processing multiple data points simultaneously in real-time to deliver exceptional images. The Voluson E6 helps you to see more, at earlier stages.


There has been a lot of development in the sports sector over the years. And among all the sports that have been attracting people's attention is the exciting name of Badminton. It is not very recent that the sports came into attention. This sport is further the reason why the fitness awareness has increased amongst people. The life that we lead today is fast-paced and fitness is a major concern because it is impossible for people to hit the gym daily. But however, a game or two of badminton would always be great. Not only does it involve less time, but less monetary expenses as well.
Talking about other sports like football and cricket, we can clearly understand that they have a wide reach to the sports enthusiasts. They have proved their fame to the fans over an extensive period of time. Though there is famous sports badminton has proved its position over the years growing through its other high powered competitors. A sport filled with high powered adrenaline and agility is in the recent has reached the Olympics and is now the fit mantra of the youth. So, one should move their eyes to the top badminton rackets which will elevate someone's game to the finest.
Over the growing years, Yonex has proved itself as being one of the best in the market. Preferred by both professionals and fan this brand aims at producing good rackets at an affordable price. Among all its best ones the Yonex Muscle Power 22. The racket is manufactured of an excellent quality material, is efficient as well as affordable to the professionals as well as the young players who are just starting out in the sport. The racket sports an isometric shape and a frame made of graphite to absorb the shocks during its lifetime. Excellent for perfect smash this is the perfect weapon for all kinds of players out there. The Japanese brand has always maintained its fame and quality with its excellent rackets overages and is the best choice for badminton enthusiasts who want the beast in their budget.
Another stunner from the brand, the YonexVoltric 0.7 DG racket is a truly a budget smasher. Favorite of the best professionals as well as the young players this racket proves its worth in the sport giving an upper hand to the players with its enhanced architecture. The racket is provided with a Try Voltage System which gives the players to exert maximum power without a loss in their speed. This racket is the newest addition to the family of Voltrics and sports a frame of high modulus Graphite material which increases the power and strength of racket managing it withstands a higher string tension of 35 lbs. The racket sporting such enhanced and high-grade materials provide better surfing and an excellent smashing capability on the court. So grab the beast and shine in the play.
A competitor to the brand Yonex this brand has proved its presence felt in the badminton zone with its excellent range of rackets in a budget cost. The brand has grown its fame from the roots and made it to the top among the other bestselling brands. They have become the pocket-friendly and the fastest retailing brand around the world. The SS-68 III is the newest addition in the Super Series family. The racket is manufactured of a frame made up of medium-light carbon fiber and also has a flexible shaft. It has a weight of 95 grams which makes it perfect for handling. The racket can serve the purpose excellently in the court for professionals as well as upcoming players with its enhanced ergonomics and quality. So, one should grab this one as this is one of the best in the pocket-friendly range.
This brand has earned its fame in the badminton industry in a slow but steady pace. Though the brand is a bit behind the toppers like Yonex and Li-Ning they have proved their position in the industry. The 1600N racket is the newest addition to the Bravesword Series of the brand. Sporting a shaft of Graphite and Resin, it has a wide surface area which provides the right amount space for perfect shots and distributes a force of equal amount over the frame. Produced with an advanced technology the racket decreases the resistance over the air for a perfect stability and balance. The racket is the best buy in a fordable price range for the young as well as intermediate players. So, one can with buy this racket with no tension and doubt for putting their best in a game.
This is another outstanding racket from the bestselling brand of Li-Ning. Famed for its world-class and superior products this brand is among the favorites of professionals all over the world. The G-force series has been a bestseller since it was revealed to the players for its advanced ergonomic structure and perfect agility with carbon fiber. The racket sports a high quality of an intricate calculative system with low air resistance and high intensity which increases the performance of the players. The racket is manufactured of a high-quality strong material which provides a superb rigidity to withstand extensive tension for strong and excellent shots. Its super-planned way of design improves its overall structure for an enhanced attack and defense mechanism. The sweet point ascends to an upper level and the hitting point is placed upward to provide a more enhanced playing mechanics for the players. So, one should grab out this one to explore the best in them.
This is another bestseller form the world-class brand of Li-Ning. Sporting an enhanced isometric shape the racket is extremely efficient and productive for a high-level game.
The racket sports a modern MPCF technology in which the product is made more resistant and tougher with extensive multiple layers of carbon fiber material. The Ultra carbon series is made by an enhanced and advanced process to provide an extreme rigidity and withstand an extensive level of tension for productive and powerful shots. Built with hyper-strong carbon fibers make the racket extremely hard to bear an extensive string pounds and reduce the chances of frame deformation. It also has a perfect weight of 80 to 84 gms which makes it's the best choice for all kind of players and especially for aggressive players. Li-Ning has proved their worth in the industry of badminton by their excellent and infinite range of badminton rackets. So one should grab the racket form this famed band with their eyes closed as a perfect choice.
Experience the fullest out of a game with another stunning racket by Yonex. The YonexVoltric 2 DG is a most recent launch from the brand. Developed with an enhanced Try Voltage system this racket is an excellent buddy to take into a game of badminton. The racket will provide a player with an upper hand by giving an opportunity to produce excellent shots with powerful forehand shots and the player can dominate the opponent with rapid and effective quick drive shots. Moving on, the system of Try Voltage provide with other two benefits. Being a head heavy racket it enables a very high momentum for an excellent swing of the racket. And as one leads to other so with increased momentum comes a better power to direct the shots towards the opponent. The racket is comprised by an advanced method taking in factors the Aerodynamics and harsh edges which are cut off by the sideways profile of the racket enabling it to produce a sward like movement in the air. The brand Yonex has been dominating its position on the top of the leaderboard for years with its exquisite level of world-class badminton rackets. They have an endless series of rackets for the players of different styles and genres. So, one should make a move on the racket to grow the pro in them.
So here is the list of seven best badminton rackets that would not burn a huge hole in anyone's pocket. Be it for fitness or for the passion for the sports itself, it would be very difficult to let go of these rackets easily. The cuts angles and the alignment of the construction are out of the world and it would be really difficult to let go of these sports masterpieces that would get the best out of you in any game and in any situation. So all the fitness-freaks and any sports enthusiast would be happy to know that maintaining the perfect body shape would not be difficult any longer. So get the best out of the limited budget in no time- smash the shuttle, cheer for yourself and stay fit with these rackets.


– Beat with a mixer for 3 minutes or until smooth.
– Mix with a spoon ¾ parts of the chia and linseed.
– Divide the dough into two parts and place them in greased pans, smoothing the surface with a spoon.
– Let them rest for approximately 20 to 60 minutes making sure they rise and reach the top of the pans.
– Mix with a spoon for 3 to 5 minutes or until smooth.
– Mix ¾ parts of the chia and linseed.


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Louis Vuitton has just bought the world's second-largest diamond , another sign of the French brand's ambitions in the luxury jewelry market. The 1,758-carat rough diamond, which was recovered by Lucara Diamond Corp in Botswana last April, is dark in color and about the size of your palm. The mining company named it "Sewelô," meaning "rare find" in the southern African Tswana language. Lucara and the HB company, a Belgian diamond manufacturer, ... Full story
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Image caption The horse was put on an a bus, which had been heading to the nearby University Hospital of Wales. There was no foaling around for a horse on the loose on a busy city road after rescuers managed to get it to safety on a bus. The animal was wandering on the A48 in Cardiff on Thursday evening, causing some motorists to pull over to help. Harley Stephens, who helped rescue the horse, said it happily "trotted" onto the Cardiff Bus. It ... Full story
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The Club are delighted to reveal that season ticket sales for the forthcoming campaign have hit 4,000.
With that fantastic number in mind, existing season ticket holders who are yet to renew have until Saturday 29th June to secure their existing seat for next season.
All supporters have until 29th June to purchase season tickets at the discounted Prime Time price with Any Time prices commencing on Monday 1st July.
Happy Harry became the 4,001st season ticket holder today – check out him purchasing here.


text:
Five charts on Puerto Rico's economic crisis
Lisa Chiu
@lisachiuster
Photo of Puerto Rican fruit stand by Oscar F. Hevia on Flickr.
Published May 2, 2016 at 7:02 PM
The economic crisis in the U.S. territory of Puerto Rico was dealt another blow today when the island's governor said they would not pay most of its $470 million in debt payments due Monday.
To cover budget shortfalls, the government borrowed heavily from mutual funds and hedge funds, and its debt levels ballooned to $72 billion. The debt is so large that the government is unable to pay while also providing basic government services. Roughly a third of Puerto Rican tax revenue now goes to cover its debt.
The island has been in an economic recession for a decade with the loss of manufacturing jobs and 2006 expiration of tax credits, known as Section 936, that exempted income from U.S. firms located in U.S. territories. Here are five charts that show the extent of the crisis on the island.
The debt:
Source: Puerto Rico Government Development Bank, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
For comparison:
With roughly 3.5 million people in Puerto Rico, according to 2015 estimates, compared to Latin American countries of a similar populations (Panama: 3.6 million, Costa Rica: 4.8 million, El Salvador: 6.1 million), the per capita GDP in Puerto Rico is actually relatively high — Even when factoring in Mexico (population 122 million).
Source: World Bank
However compared to the United States, Puerto Rico ranks as one of the lowest per capita GDP locations, behind the lowest performing state of Mississippi which had a per capita GDP of $35,717 in 2015.
Impact of tax policy shift:
The impact of the expiration of Section 936 is stark when looking at percent GDP growth in Puerto Rico. Prior to the expiration of the policy, Puerto Rico had seen a positive GDP growth ever since 1984. After 2006, when the policy expired, it's been negative.
Source: U.S. Economic Research Service using World Bank, IMF, IHS Global Insight and Oxford Economic Forecasting data. (excel document)
Repercussions:
The latest unemployment rate in Puerto Rico is 12.2 percent, more than twice the 5 percent unemployment rate in the United States.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics via Statista.
Severe repercussions:
One of the starkest data points is the percent of Puerto Ricans that fall below the poverty line. Nearly half of the island now lives below the poverty line. That's more than twice the rate in the District of Columbia, with a poverty rate of 20.7 percent, which is the lowest in the United States. The second lowest location is Mississippi at 20.1 percent.
Source: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Economic Research Service.
Story compiled with information from the Associated Press.
Puerto Rico will default on its debt Monday. Here's what that means
Puerto Rico's debt crisis, explained.
The Heat: Strain in US-Saudi Arabia relations »


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Giving Care
GMEDIA
Wisdoms
As Seen on GTV
Partnering for a Better Senior Community
Sherry Goya, Generations Magazine Staff | Dec 7, 2019 | Dec 2019 - Jan 2020, Senior News
To better serve Hawai'i's senior community, Generations Magazine held a networking event for its partners on Sept. 17 at 15 Craigside, where a delicious breakfast was provided, thanks to Kind2Kūpuna and Margaret Wong of Copeland Insurance Group. Generations Magazine partners met, greeted and learned about each other, making contacts with those who support and serve kūpuna and their families.
2019 Outstanding Older Americans Awards
Sherry Goya, Generations Magazine Staff | Jul 29, 2019 | August - September 2019, Senior News
Gov. David Ige proclaimed May as Older American's Month this year. Every May, the Administration for Community Living leads our nation in observance of Older Americans Month. The 2019 theme, "Connect, Create, Contribute."
Fun Times at the 2019 Senior Games!
Sherry Goya, Generations Magazine Staff | May 22, 2019 | June - July 2019, Senior News
For over 30 years, the City and County of Honolulu have run its "Senior Classic Games" at the Halawa District Park. Games were held in the gym and on the softball fields on March 21. Generations Magazine provided the medals in two age groups. As in the past years,...
Memories Don't Fade
Sherry Goya, Generations Magazine Staff | Dec 2, 2018 | Dec 2018 Jan 2019, Senior News
Born in October 1918 in Kapa'a, Hidenobu Hiyane remembers growing up on Kaua'i and graduating from McKinley High School in 1937. He served with the 100th Battalion as a radio operator, and was very lucky while serving in Europe and France: An officer using the radio...
A Very Active Centenarian
Sherry Goya, Generations Magazine Staff | Sep 26, 2018 | October - November 2018, Senior News
Hawai'i is fortunate to be the home of many centenarians, and I love writing about them. Most recently, I spent time with Edward Jurkens, who celebrated his 100th birthday on December 23, 2017. We planned to talk at his apartment then go to lunch. On the way there, I thought, "Where should I park so I can drive him somewhere?"
Memories from the Ewa Queen
Born in 'Ewa to plantation workers, Sadie Kaya had the best childhood ever. Her memory of growing up there is so strong today, at the age of 103, that she sang a childhood song to me: "Ewa is our happy home. Yes, yes, oh yes. Never from her shall we roam. No, no, oh no. Oh how happy now are we, when we see the DPD. Soon the waters we shall see. Sing, children, sing."
YMCA Health & Fitness Day at Kahala Mall
The YMCA's National Senior Health & Fitness Day was enjoyed by many on Wednesday, May 30th, at the Kahala Mall. The YMCA thanked the Kahala Mall and Generations Magazine for their co-sponsorship of the day. A number of nonprofit organizations participated, as well as more than 30 Generations partners, who offered valuable information to seniors and their families.
The Life of a Centenarian
Sherry Goya, Generations Magazine Staff | May 19, 2018 | Editorial, June - July 2018
Turning 100 is no small feat, but Mrs. Lenora Cho made it look easy when she officially became a centenarian in 2017. Lenora, a small-town girl from back East, found ways to stay active early on in life: in high school, she played basketball and softball.
Annual Senior Classic Games
The day was a little cloudy, with soft winds — perfect for 87 teams of seniors ranging in age from 55 to 93 years old. After the competition, score cards were tallied and medals were presented to 1st, 2nd, and 3rd place winners in the Senior (55 to 74) and Master (75 and over) divisions. For the past few years, Generations Magazine has paid for all the medals, which are always well received. First-place winners also received a soda-cap ribbon lei made by the founder of the Senior Classic Games, retired Hālawa complex supervisor Herbert Yasuhara.
Walk With a Doc on O'ahu
Sherry Goya, Generations Magazine Staff | Apr 11, 2017 | April – May 2017, Health
Walking is low-impact and has the lowest dropout rate of any physical activity. In fact, walking as little as 30 minutes a day can have tremendous health benefits, such lower blood pressure and blood sugar levels, improved mood, reduced coronary heart disease and much...
Aloha & Mahalo
Sherry Goya, Generations Magazine Staff | Jan 25, 2017 | Editorial, February - March 2017
Those who know retired Sen. Susie Chun Oakland are well aware of her passion for Hawai'i's ku¯ puna. As an original co-founder of the Ku¯ puna Caucus in early 2016, she served as lead facilitator of caucus meetings held at the State Capitol on the first Friday of...
Senior Clubs Take Over Leeward Bowl
Sherry Goya, Generations Magazine Staff | Dec 2, 2016 | December – January 2017, Senior News
The City & County of Honolulu Department of Parks and Recreation held its annual Troops for Fitness Senior Bowling event on Oct. 12 at Leeward Bowl in Pearl City. With 100 bowlers from 11 city and county senior clubs on O'ahu, this annual event used almost every...
A Triple Force for Hawai'i's Seniors
Sherry Goya, Generations Magazine Staff | Dec 1, 2016 | December – January 2017, Editorial
There are many organizations that serve Hawai'i's seniors and their families, but maybe none like the Hawaii Pacific Gerontological Society (HPGS). This nonprofit organization was founded in 1979 to improve the quality of life of Hawai'i's older adults by promoting...
Serving Our Country
Sherry Goya, Generations Magazine Staff | Oct 1, 2016 | Column, October - November 2016
Serving Our Country by Sherry Goya, Generations Magazine Staff from the Oct-Nov 2016 issue of Generations Magazine, Hawai'i's Resource for Life
A Love for Hawai'i
Sherry Goya, Generations Magazine Staff | Aug 1, 2016 | August - September 2016, Column
A Love for Hawai'i by Sherry Goya, Generations Magazine Staff from the August-September 2016 issue of Generations Magazine, Hawai'i's Resource for Life
Memories Still Flow
Sherry Goya, Generations Magazine Staff | Jun 1, 2016 | Editorial, June - July 2016
Memories Still Flow by Sherry Goya from the June-May 2016 issue of Generations Magazine, Hawai'i's Resource for Life
Great Competition Among Seniors
Sherry Goya, Generations Magazine Staff | Jun 1, 2016 | June - July 2016, Living Life
Great Competition Among Seniors by Sherry Goya, Generations Magazine Staff from the June-July 2016 issue of Generations Magazine, Hawai'i's Resource For Life
The Honor Was Mine
Sherry Goya, Generations Magazine Staff | Apr 1, 2016 | April - May 2016, Articles, Editorial
When I was invited to the Emeritus Senior Club's Annual Luncheon in January as their special guest, I was the one who was honored to be there. How great is it to have a senior club that supports Emeritus College at the Honolulu Community College (HCC) where senior...
Went Holoholo Around Town
Sherry Goya, Generations Magazine Staff | Feb 1, 2016 | Articles, Editorial, February - March 2016
Two great events drew crowds to downtown Honolulu and Percy and I were happy we were able to get in on the fun. Dec. 4th, the Department of Parks and Recreation's annual "Outstanding Senior Recognition Program" is an event that Generations Magazine loves to attend....
Where Aloha Begins
Sherry Goya, Generations Magazine Staff | Dec 3, 2015 | Articles, December - January 2016, Editorial
Senior health and wellness fairs are held on all islands to promote education, entertainment, food and fun. It was my honor to be a VIP at the Helemano Plantation's Moon Festival Country Fair in Wahiawa on Sept. 17. I met the founder, president and CEO, Susanna...
A Leeward Legacy
Sherry Goya, Generations Magazine Staff | Dec 1, 2015 | Articles, December - January 2016, Living Life
Rosemarie Dungca has been working for the City and County of Honolulu since 1978. In 1983, Whitmore Village asked her to teach hula classes. Her popularity grew and soon was teaching throughout the Leeward area. Now seniors from the Mililani, Wahiawa, Pearl City and...
Women of Na Koa
Sherry Goya, Generations Magazine Staff | Oct 1, 2015 | Articles, Living Life, October - November 2015
The 2015 season for the Na Koa Football Club started on Aug. 31 and will continue every Monday for 11 more lunches at the Willows Restaurant, starting at 11am. This season, the University of Hawai'i Rainbow Warriors will play 12 straight games without a week off....
Playtime for Tutu
Sherry Goya, Generations Magazine Staff | Oct 1, 2015 | Articles, Editorial, October - November 2015
On a warm Friday morning in July, I spent some one-on-one time with my four-year old granddaughter at the Hawaii Children's Discovery Center in Kaka'ako. We've been going there for over two years and love visiting all three floors. During some visits, we just spend...
Computer Savvy Seniors
Sherry Goya, Generations Magazine Staff | Aug 1, 2015 | Articles, August - September 2015, Editorial
As I was thinking about how many seniors don't use email or the web, it occurred to me that perhaps they don't have children or grandchildren who "insist" on training them. So I checked out a couple of places that specialize in teaching seniors computer skills....
Four Generations Big
As I was thinking about how many seniors don't use email or the web, it occurred to me that perhaps they don't have children or grandchildren who "insist" on training them. So I checked out a couple of places that specialize in teaching seniors computer skills. One is...
Sherry Goya, Generations Magazine Staff | Jun 1, 2015 | Articles, Editorial, June - July 2015
What a blessing it is that my husband and I have our three children, son-in-law and granddaughter all within 10 miles of us. My parents live nearby, and four of my five siblings and their families live on O'ahu. Four generations of my immediate family get together...
Mahalo Volunteers!
Webster says that "Volunteerism" is the act or practice of doing volunteer work in community service. Here in Hawai'i, many seniors volunteer their services to our community every day — in a multitude of capacities. One such volunteer is Nancy Shimamoto, who spends...
2015 Generations Magazine Workshops
Generations Magazine workshops are specially designed to offer Hawai'i's seniors and their families expert knowledge and choices to improve their quality of life. When: 3rd Thursday of every month, beginning in February Time: 9 am – 2:30 pm Where: Ala Moana Pacific...
Kameko Miyahira doesn't look or act like a 100-year-old. She rises every day at 5 am, makes her own breakfast and lunch, exercises, does a little housekeeping, works in the yard and takes a nap. I was so impressed at how Kameko could manage all the steps in her...
This article will start with the ending results … "everything is so beautiful." I recently underwent cataract, astigmatism and lasik eye surgeries. I never realized that what I was seeing was not how things actually appear to others. My eye doctor has been monitoring...
Kupuna For Common Grace
"Matching the kindness of a neighborhood church with the needs of a kid in a public school," is the motto of Common Grace, created in 2002. This homegrown organization partners members of neighborhood churches and service clubs with elementary school students at...
Sharing an Experience
Around 10:00 pm, September 8, 2011, the right hand of a 58 year-old woman felt tingly as she was on her laptop. She went to bed, couldn't sleep, and moved to the sofa. At about 2:00 am, she woke up…cheek, chest, numb — all the way down to her toes. Her husband took...
Honoring Seniors
The City & County of Honolulu's Department of Parks & Recreation held their 3rd annual Outstanding Senior Recognition Program on Thursday, April 17th at the McCoy Pavilion. This event gives the City an opportunity to recognize outstanding senior club members...
Spring Time Means UH Baseball
Many of Hawai'i residents are baseball fans, especially when it comes to UH's Baseball Bows. We take pride in these young men who represent our state in collegiate competitions, now playing all their home games in "the house that Les built." The 2014 season marks the...
My Take on Things: What's All the Racket?
Sherry Goya, Generations Magazine Staff | Aug 1, 2013 | Articles, August - September 2013, Living Life
Two and a half hours, and three sets later, a group of "50 plus" women enjoy beautiful weather at Wentworth Tennis Courts in Pearl Harbor. The youngest is 52 and the oldest will turn 80 in August. All appreciate a challenging game of tennis as you can hear laughter,...
My Take on Things: Shuzi Health Jewelry
Sherry Goya, Generations Magazine Staff | Jun 1, 2013 | Articles, June - July 2013, Living Life
It was September 8, 2011 that I had a stroke … some say it was "mild" and some say it was a "nerve stroke" while I say, "It happened, now move on!" Every day since then, I test myself on doing things with my right side. Within two weeks I got rid of the walker...
Articles in the same Issue
Where's That Donation Going?
Recognizing Warning Signs of Abuse
What to Do Before a Loved One Passes
Smart Charitable Giving
Better Pay Attention to 'the Fed'
Track Social Security Earnings Online
Affordable Adult Day Care
Dementia: Making Mealtime Easier
Make the Most of Your Doctor Visit
Vaping: The New Lung Killer
How to Choose the Right Assistive Device
Wellness Means Training Your Body & Brain
Alternative Strategies for Sleep Apnea
Tips for Healthy Knees
The Benefits of Neuro-Acupuncture
© Generations Magazine


text:
Q: Declaração do Arraylist? Eu vi alguns exemplos do uso e alguns usam diferente a declaração do ArrayList, List<> e ArrayList<> no inicio.

A: As duas declarações abaixo têm o mesmo efeito.
List<String> lista = new ArrayList<String>();
ArrayList<String> lista2 = new ArrayList<String>();

A única diferença é que a variável lista poderá receber outras implementações de List. Por exemplo:
lista = new LinkedList<String>();

Como você definiu o tipo da variável List<String>, isso é completamente possível. Se fosse com a variável lista2, isso não seria possível.
Não vou entrar em detalhes nisso porque tem muitas respostas aqui no site que falam sobre (linkei algumas delas abaixo), mas a diferença entre os dois é que List é a interface, ArrayList é a implementação - a classe implementa a interface.
Interfaces não podem ser instanciadas, elas servem apenas para definir um contrato nas classes que a implementarem.
Logo, você não pode fazer
List<String> lista = new List<String>(); // É impossível instanciar uma interface

Porém, é completamente possível fazer
List<String> lista = new ArrayList<String>();

Você sempre pode usar a interface do lado esquerdo da declaração, isso é uma coisa muito comum em linguagens orientadas a objetos.
Ex.:
List<String> lista = new ArrayList<String>();
List<String> lista2 = new LinkedList<String>();

/* Tanto ArrayList, quanto LinkedList implementam List. Por isso a declaração
pode ser feita desta forma */

Você pode aprender mais sobre interfaces nas perguntas abaixo
Uma interface é uma variável?
Em orientação a objetos, por que interfaces são úteis?
Classe Abstrata X Interface
Em OOP, uma interface pode ter atributos?
Quando devo usar Herança, Classe Abstrata, Interface ou um Trait?


Each of the distilleries along the Kentucky Bourbon Trail offer their own introduction and insight into their unique way of making bourbon. No two are exactly the same and you'll discover new and intriguing bourbon-making secrets during each visit.
The iconic Barton 1792 Distillery was established in 1879 and is still open today as the oldest fully-operating Kentucky bourbon distillery in Bardstown, Kentucky.
The Maker's Mark Distillery is one of Kentucky's most popular destinations and, quite notably, the first distillery in America to be recognized as a National Historic Landmark.
The Evan Williams Bourbon Experience in Louisville, Kentucky, celebrates the legacy of Evan Williams, who holds the distinction of being the state's first commercial distiller. The Evan Williams Bourbon Experience takes visitors through an immersive experience that brings the history and tradition of Kentucky's native spirit to life.
The Urban Bourbon Trail is a unique opportunity to discover Louisville distilleries and explore the Derby City's rich bourbon heritage. As you may expect, Louisville is home to some of the world's best bourbon bars and restaurants, many of which are located along the Urban Bourbon Trail, taking full advantage of their easy access to top Kentucky bourbon distilleries.


Host your film shoot at Siobhan Davies Studios. Contact us today.
The RIBA award winning Siobhan Davies Studios, nestled just beyond London's busy South Bank, is a contemporary arts space housed in a converted Victorian school. By hiring the space it can be reinvented to suit your tastes and ideas. With the mix between the modern and old, intimate and expansive, Siobhan Davies Studios has the potential to be the perfect backdrop to your event.
Siobhan Davies Studios boasts some of South London's most impressive architectural spaces. Originally built in 1898 as a school annex, architect Sarah Wigglesworth purposefully redesigned the building as a flexible event space in 2006. Her intention to bring life to an old building in a sustainable and innovative way, without erasing the footprint of the existing building, was successfully realised.
Spaces include the Roof Studio, a large, airy space with spectacular views of the city located on the second floor. Its repeated curved shell ribbons that form the roof and walls allow daylight to enter the space, producing a lively and stimulating environment that is also a focused and neutral setting. It is isolated physically and acoustically from the bustle of the world outside and, although the studio conveys a sense of uninterrupted space, it is still able to provide intimacy.
The Research Studio, a smaller space on the first floor, is a blank canvas of white walls and large windows. Other spaces available for public use and hire include a Meeting Room, Parlour, Kitchen, a ground floor reception area, the Dancers' Informal Space and a Balcony on the first floor.


The Moroccanoil Smoothing Conditioner donates immediate calming of the hair structure and provides greater smoothness and suppleness. Argan oil and Arganbutter fill with the help of the patented ingredient AminoRenew ™ on Keratinbausteine in the hair inside and make the hair smoother, quieter and smoother. The effect lasts up to 72 hours.
Wring the excess water gently from the hair and distribute a small amount of highly concentrated conditioner from roots to the tips. Leave for 1-2 minutes and rinse well.


When you are dealing with abstracts and paper money, speculation is the name of the game. And cryptocurrency—referring to the virtual currency like Bitcoin or Litecoin that is secured by cryptography—is no exception. Before discussing how buying and selling walls can impact how much you can make from the market, there's a need to revisit how this alternative currency came into existence.
If you are going to trade in cryptocurrency, you will come across the name Satoshi Nakamoto. He's achieved cult status since inventing Bitcoin (BTC) back in 2009. The mythology surrounding his identity only grew over time, mainly because he has remained elusive up to now. So many hackers have attempted to uncover his identity to no avail. Even now, speculations about Satoshi Nakamoto suggest that the name is not of an individual but of a group. Nobody can even confirm that he's from Japan in the first place, although it was readily assumed because of the name. Nevertheless, he just dropped from circulation in 2010 but not after putting his stamp on how hackers and those in the Dark Web, should put value on their work.
As of June 2017, there are more than 16.3 million Bitcoins in the market today out of the expected 21 million that are theoretically in existence. A single BTC is worth a little less than $300 right now, so there's real value in the concept, even if it's hard to fathom outside of the digital sphere. It is said that Nakamoto, assuming that he's still following his portfolio, would have been richer by $700 million as of 2014 as a result of the invention.
What makes the Bitcoin and other digital currencies very attractive is the anonymity they provide. Hackers-for-hire asks for BTC as the only method of payment. The transaction is direct—between the buyer and the seller—and almost totally untraceable. The only form of currency in the Dark Web (don't Google it if you still want to sleep soundly at night), for instance, is the Bitcoin. Even businessmen engaged in tax evasion or money laundering activities also prefer the digital currency to "wash" the illegal source of their income.
One advantage of dealing with cryptocurrency is the easy way to facilitate the transfer of payment. Another is that the channels used in transferring money only collect a minimal fee, which is below what traditional banks charge. This means that they can trade in bulk.
The drawback, however, is its vulnerability. The fact that it exists in the digital plain, with no central repository, exposes it to computer crashes. If there are no backup files, there goes your record. There have also been several incidents of hackers managing to steal Bitcoins over the years. The fluctuation in the trading market tends to swing both ways extremely because of the rule of supply and demand that impacts more on cryptocurrency stocks exchange compared to the traditional bourse.
These fluctuations are the very essence of the concept of buy and sell walls. The buy wall refers to the sizeable bid created either by one person who has the means to do so or by a group of individuals (they can be strangers or representing a certain interest). A person with a deep pocket is referred to as a "whale." When a buy wall happens, it will create a deluge of demand for the digital currency which will increase its value. The increase in the value of the BTC is directly proportional to how large the buy wall is.
The wall, in this case, acts as a safety net. For instance, to arrest the possible dump of the buy sell, the trader can take out a few bulk orders just to prevent a panic selling.
A sell wall, meanwhile, works exactly the opposite as the buy wall. When massive movement in the sell wall is detected, it can result to people dumping their currencies. When that happens, the whole market slows down or event stunts. In both instances, you can also engage in futures where you speculate as to how the market will go in a particular time by studying the trends and historical data. As in most futures, the risks are great, but the returns are also quite substantial which is why trading futures is an appealing proposition for some people because of the gamble involved.
The main objective of the whole cryptocurrency trading is to buy low and sell high, but there's a lot of gray in between. The industry allows the practice of speeding up the growth of your shares by holding or buying. The industry term for this is longing. Unfortunately, those with money to burn can easily influence the market for their own benefit.
When you start the transaction, you buy from the order book at a set price dictated by the prevailing market value (but this could be a speculated price as well like in the futures). You express how many units you want to take out. Now, somebody with the wherewithal can dictate the price of the buy wall by placing a large order, say at a prevailing price of $20, on the number of units. The uptick is bound to get the attention of traders who will also jump on the bandwagon to buy a large number of units of the currency. This will fortify the wall, and that can work for or against you depending on where you are investing.
Unfortunately, market manipulation in the cryptocurrency is not so shady a term when compared to the traditional stock market. Deliberately playing with the system in the stock exchange can get you a hefty fine or, worse, jail time. In the digital world, not so much. If there are a lot of whales who are willing to gamble, then you are in for a huge trouble if you don't know what you are doing. To be fair, if you are playing the long game, you just might be able to walk away unscathed or with a little extra on your pocket.
In effect, whales are playing a psychological warfare on most cryptocurrency traders. There's a reason why it's termed the wall, and that's because it provides a mental barrier that's quite hard to overcome. Somebody who doesn't understand what it is exactly won't likely survive very long. When whales smell the blood on the water, they then circle in for the kill.
For instance, a whale will consign a lot of Bitcoins to be sold on the market at $20 as he takes the risk, rightly in this case, that they won't all be purchased by a single buyer of a group of individuals. Because of the presence of the wall, traders will have to sell lower if they want to make money in the short term. As an added bonus, that will also block the price of the share. With this, a shrewd investor with a lot of money can accumulate a large number of coins without suffering loss from the price reduction. The goal here is to accumulate more Bitcoins, not to profit from revenues.
If there's not enough trading, then that's when the whales can really do some damage to the small fishes (that means you) in the sea.
There's no oversight on Bitcoin trading so you really can't go anywhere if you feel you have been a victim of the market pump and dump. Pumping is not even an elaborate scam as the method is fairly known. Basically, it's somebody who artificially increases the price of the Altcoin by creating a buzz when they are ready to dump it. When the desired value is reached, he or she then dumps all the coins, which creates a ripple effect in the market.
You have to understand that if you are an individual trader, you are at the bottom of the totem pole. At the top of the heap are the whales, followed by the financial institutions and investment funds, then there are the smaller funds, and then there's you. Worst of all, you are going to be fried in your own fat while whales laugh all the way to the bank.
The whaler will buy (on the down low so nobody will notice) large units of currencies over time. They then go to Reddit, chat forums, community billboards, and known cryptocurrency trading sites to share their "insider tip" about the Bitcoin blowing up very soon. You invest, and suddenly you see the share value rise—which is what happens due to the number of people buying in—and before you can cash in, the whaler dumps his share. After watching how fast your shares nosedive, there's no other way to do but sell at a loss.
Spot the Dead Coins – There used to be a time when Bitcoin was the end-all currency for anything digital. But technology has caught up, and now there are other currencies like Ethereum, Litecoin, Stellar Lumens, Burst, Steem, Monero, Dogecoin, etc. You have to be wary if a particular currency suddenly generates a buzz when it has not moved for one or two years. You might be a victim of a pump and dump. However, there's the "zombie coins", which literally means they were already dead but suddenly came back to life after generating interest.
A Bull Run? Let's Get a Slice of the Pie, Or Not? – Be wary of a sudden spike in the share value. A bull run is defined as a period in the bourse when the shares are starting to rise. This is not to say you don't trade, but you don't jump on the bandwagon either. Never, ever buy unless you know the reason why the share value is going up.
Got Insider Tip? Verify – You loiter in the forum and suddenly somebody messages you about getting an insider tip. Listen but don't commit. Why would you trust a stranger hiding behind an online nickname called "Insider-tipper?" The next step is to visit online chat forums and listen to chatter. Maybe Insider-tipper just might have given you a gift out of the goodness of his heart. But probably not.
Study the Market Trend – Charts and graphs are your friends. They are essential, along with chat forums, in spotting artificial upticks or when somebody is pump-priming the coins for the eventual dump. The movement is almost negligible, and it takes the experience to spot them, but once you learn this skill, you can cut your losses to a minimum in case of a pump and dump.
Timing Is Everything – Not all pumps and dumps are going to be bad for you, but think of it as a small cog in the machine. If you can spot the pump early enough, you can make a nice profit. Even if you think that you are being "pumped," you can still sell at the right moment and still break even or even earn a small profit.
The key to succeeding in cryptocurrency trading is to be level-headed. It takes a lot of balls not to go panic selling at the slightest movement of the market. It also takes a lot of perspicacity not to listen to people offering to give you an insider tip for a small fee. It's actually a scam where you are told that a particular currency is being primed for pumping, but these manipulators actually hold back from doing so after already earned some money from the "small fee." If they can manage to convince three or five people, they would already have earned thousands. But don't let the pump and dump scare you from trading in cryptocurrency. While it's a clear attempt to game the system, you can actually make it work to your advantage with enough knowledge and skills.
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