text:
Q: Can't put Product Reviews into Tabs In the Blacknwhite magento theme we bought they use Tabs on the product details page and have the Product Reviews sitting beneath them.
I would like to move the Product reviews into their own tab.  But am not sure what layout updates I should add.
The Theme's Layout.xml is
<block type="catalog/product_view_tabs" name="product.info.tabs" as="info_tabs" template="catalog/product/view/tabs.phtml" >
    <action method="addTab" translate="title" module="catalog"><alias>description</alias><title>Product Description</title><block>catalog/product_view_description</block><template>catalog/product/view/description.phtml</template></action>
    <action check_version="1">
        <if_version method="addTab" translate="title" module="catalog" is="1.7.x.x">
            <alias>upsell_products</alias>
            <title>We Also Recommend</title>
            <block>catalog/product_list_upsell</block>
            <template>1.7.x.x/catalog/product/list/upsell.phtml</template>
        </if_version>
        <default  method="addTab" translate="title" module="catalog">
            <alias>upsell_products</alias>
            <title>We Also Recommend</title>
            <block>catalog/product_list_upsell</block>
            <template>catalog/product/list/upsell.phtml</template>
        </default>
    </action>
    <action check_version="1">
        <if_version method="addTab" translate="title" module="catalog" is="1.7.x.x">
            <alias>additional</alias>
            <title>Additional Information</title>
            <block>catalog/product_view_attributes</block>
            <template>1.7.x.x/catalog/product/view/attributes.phtml</template>
        </if_version>
        <default method="addTab" translate="title" module="catalog">
            <alias>additional</alias>
            <title>Additional Information</title>
            <block>catalog/product_view_attributes</block>
            <template>catalog/product/view/attributes.phtml</template>
        </default>
    </action>
</block>
<block type="catalog/product_view" name="manufacturer.center" template="meigee/manufacturer_center.phtml" />
<block type="catalog/product_list_related" name="catalog.product.related.bottom" template="catalog/product/list/related_bottom.phtml"/>
<block type="core/template" name="product_review_list.count" template="review/product/view/count.phtml" />
<block type="review/product_view_list" name="product.info.review_list">
    <action check_version="1">
        <if_version method="setTemplate" is="1.7.x.x">
            <template>1.7.x.x/review/product/view/list.phtml</template>
        </if_version>
        <default method="setTemplate">
            <template>review/product/view/list.phtml</template>
        </default>
    </action>
    <block type="review/form" name="product.review.form" as="review_form">
        <block type="page/html_wrapper" name="product.review.form.fields.before" as="form_fields_before" translate="label">
            Review Form Fields Before
            <action method="setMayBeInvisible"><value>1</value></action>
        </block>
    </block>
</block>

I've tried adding the below to my own layout/local.xml file
<catalog_product_view>
    <reference name="product.info.tabs">
        <action method="addTab" translate="title" module="review">
            <alias>product.info.review_list</alias>
            <title>Reviews</title>
            <block>review/product_view_list</block>
            <template>review/product/view/list.phtml</template>
        </action>
    </reference>
</catalog_product_view>

This loads the review/product/view/list.phtml template in the tab but outputs nothing from the template except for the first  tag.  It falls down on an if statement which fails as $this->getReviewsCollection()->getItems() returns an empty array.
Here is the review/product/view/list.phtml template:
<?php
 *
 * @category    design
 * @package     base_default
 * @copyright   Copyright (c) 2012 Magento Inc. (http://www.magentocommerce.com)
 * @license     http://opensource.org/licenses/afl-3.0.php  Academic Free License (AFL 3.0)
 */
?>

<?php echo $this->__('Reviews') ?>

<?php $_items = $this->getReviewsCollection()->getItems();?>

<div class="box-collateral box-reviews<?php if (count($_items) == 0):?> full-table<?php else: ?> row clearfix<?php endif; ?>" id="customer-reviews">
    <?php if (count($_items) !== 0):?>
<?php endif; ?><?php echo $this->getChildHtml('review_form') ?><?php if (count($_items) !== 0):?>
<?php endif; ?>
    <?php if (count($_items)):?>

<?php echo $this->__('Customer Reviews') ?>

            <?php echo $this->getChildHtml('toolbar') ?>

                <?php $i=0; foreach ($_items as $_review):?>
                    <li <?php if ($i++%2!==0) echo 'class="even"'; ?>>
                        <?php $_votes = $_review->getRatingVotes(); ?>
                        <?php if (count($_votes)): ?>

                                <col class="col-one" />
                                <col />

                                    <?php foreach ($_votes as $_vote): ?>

                                        <?php echo $this->escapeHtml($_vote->getRatingCode()) ?>

                                                <div class="rating" style="width:<?php echo $_vote->getPercent() ?>%;">

                                    <?php endforeach; ?>

                        <?php endif; ?>
                        <div class="review<?php if(!count($_votes)){echo ' no-table';} ?>">

<a href="<?php echo $this->getReviewUrl($_review->getId()) ?>"><?php echo $this->escapeHtml($_review->getTitle()) ?>

                            <?php
                                echo $this->__('Review by %s', $this->escapeHtml($_review->getNickname()));
                                echo $this->__('on %s', $this->formatDate($_review->getCreatedAt()), 'long') ?>

                                <?php echo nl2br($this->escapeHtml($_review->getDetail())) ?>

                <?php endforeach; ?>

                <button type="button" id="revies-button" class="button"><?php echo $this->__('View all') ?></button>

            <?php echo $this->getChildHtml('toolbar') ?>

    <?php endif;?>

Update with Working Solution
My Attempt after reading fschmengler's answer below, it's not working, I don't think I have done it as he intended.
<catalog_product_view>
    <reference name="product.info.tabs">
        <action method="addTab" translate="title" module="review">
            <alias>hoi.product.info.review_list</alias>
            <title>hoi.product.info.review_list</title>
            <block>review/product_view_list</block>
            <template>review/product/view/list.phtml</template>
        </action>
    </reference>
    <remove name="product.info.review_list"/>
    <block type="review/product_view_list" name="hoi.product.info.review_list" alias="hoi.product.info.review_list">
        <action check_version="1">
            <if_version method="setTemplate" is="1.7.x.x">
                <template>1.7.x.x/review/product/view/list.phtml</template>
            </if_version>
            <default method="setTemplate">
                <template>review/product/view/list.phtml</template>
            </default>
        </action>
        <block type="review/form" name="product.review.form" as="review_form">
            <block type="page/html_wrapper" name="product.review.form.fields.before" as="form_fields_before" translate="label">
                Review Form Fields Before
                <action method="setMayBeInvisible"><value>1</value></action>
            </block>
        </block>
    </block>
    <reference name="product.info.tabs">
        <action method="setChild">
            <alias>hoi.product.info.review_list</alias>
            <block>hoi.product.info.review_list</block>
        </action>
    </reference>
</catalog_product_view>

A: Since the review block has its own child blocks you cannot easily add it as a tab.
The solution is to add a dummy tab and then replace it with the existing review block. I described this method here: https://magento.stackexchange.com/a/74165/243
To remove the review tab from its original position, you would normally use <action method="unsetChild"><child>ALIAS</child></action> but unfortionately the block does not have an alias in the original theme layout. You will need to remove it entirely with <remove name="product.info.review_list"/> and copy/paste the complete block definition in your local.xml, but outside any other block. This way it can be referenced as explained in the link above but will not be rendered elsewhere.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Home » Movies » Movie Previews » The Batman: New Trailer Release
By: Bri	January 2, 2022
Movie Previews The Batman
Recently, we were treated to a brand new Batman trailer AND finally got a release date. The newest installation in the Batman world is one of many controversies. Of course, Robert Pattison taking the mantle is the biggest one, but this preview may have put people's minds at ease. Check it out here:
The Bat and the Cat
Dubbed "The Bat and The Cat Trailer" we saw a ton of Selina Kyle in this preview. Playing alongside Pattison, Zoe Kravitz will most likely steal the show, as we see in the preview. She is sultry and sassy and looks absolutely perfect for this role. Pattison, again being the subject of a lot of skepticism when it was first announced he was Batman, actually looks great. He's definitely the quiet brooding type and it seems like they're going to really use this movie as a way to explore his earlier years. They're focusing more on bringing the Bruce Wayne side of him out since it seems like he's been hiding behind his Batman persona and not being a Wayne.
We have The Riddler as the main bad guy, which is going to be really interesting. I wonder how much Penguin will make an appearance since Colin Farrell shows up a bit in the preview. Is he going to be a huge player in the movie or will he just be the side villain? OR are they going to have Riddler and Penguin co-villain-ing as they do so well in the Gotham series? Time will tell!
Image courtesy of Warner Bros Pictures
I am really excited to see this movie. I do really love Batman, but I haven't seen any of the DC movies that are related to the Justice League. If I'm being honest, I had no interest in Batman Vs Superman because it just looked so meh to me. Plus, no offense to Ben Affleck, but he was definitely not the best Batman. Again, I was super skeptical of Robert Pattison as Batman, but he really seems like a good fit now that I'm seeing him in action. Let's be honest though, the real reason we're all watching this is because of that really cool Batmobile. Am I right?
The Batman is set to release March 4, 2022 in theatres. Are you going to check it out or wait until it comes to the small screen? Did anyone decode the message at the end of the preview? Let us know in the comments below!
For more DC content follow us on Twitter, Like us on Facebook, subscribe to our newsletter.
Jan 2, 2022 Bri
New Dune Trailer Released – Arrakis is Closer!
Marvel Phase 4 – Let's All Go To The Movies
Raya and the Last Dragon Super Bowl TV Spot
Falcon and Winter Soldier Disney Mini Series – Super Bowl Trailer
F9 Super Bowl Trailer Gets Our Motor Runnin'

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Posts Tagged 'Greg Farrell'
Press Release: Crash of the Titans by Greg Farrell
Tara Gilbride, Director of Publicity, Crown Business,
212-572-2872; tgilbride@randomhouse.com
New book by award-winning journalist Greg Farrell,
reveals never-before-told details about the decline and collapse of
Merrill Lynch and its sale to Bank of America
Author discovers epic mismanagement and a top-secret internal
investigation that explained a $30 billion build-up of toxic assets
Greed, Hubris, the Fall of Merrill Lynch
and the Near-Collapse of Bank of America
By Greg Farrell
Merrill Lynch was long known as a firm that revolutionized the stock market by bringing Wall Street to Main Street, setting up offices in far-flung cities often ignored by the giants of finance. With its "thundering herd" of financial advisors, perhaps no other business so epitomized the American spirit. To many, its sudden decline and sale to Bank of America was a shock. Veteran award-winning journalist and correspondent for the Financial Times Greg Farrell, in his book CRASH OF THE TITANS: Greed, Hubris, the Fall of Merrill Lynch and the Near-Collapse of Bank of America, is the first to recount what really caused the demise of this storied firm and how the events of the merger with Bank of America unfolded. Other books and news articles may have skimmed the surface, but Greg Farrell will be the first to reveal the depth of the epic mismanagement at the firm. Ultimately, he uncovers how people responsible for billions of dollars of other people's money gambled recklessly to enhance their power and paychecks and to save their own skins.
What does this story of greed, hubris, and incompetence tell us about the culture of Wall Street that continues to this day? What does it tell of about Bank of America, a bank where millions of Americans currently put their money? Through two years of investigative reporting that included over 300 hours of interviews with more than 120 sources, Farrell answers such questions and more, including how could the CEO of a firm losing more than $20 billion push hard to be paid a $25 million bonus? How could two Merrill Lynch executives be guaranteed bonuses of $30 million and $40 million for four months' work, even while the firm was struggling to reduce its losses by firing thousands of employees?
The book is based on unparalleled sources at both Merrill Lynch and Bank of America and Farrell discovered that the fall of Merrill Lynch—generally blamed on the sudden, negative turn in the mortgage market—was primarily rooted in Stan O'Neal's decision to put Osmand Semerci, a highly successful salesman, in charge of Merrill's fixed income unit in the summer of 2006. Over the course of 9 months, as has been reported elsewhere, Sermerci loaded up Merrill's balance sheet with more than $30 billion in toxic subprime-related assets. What has not been known is the degree to which O'Neal and top management were unaware of what was going on.
The book is a wealth of information on all the major players involved, including:
Stanley O'Neal, whose inspiring rise from the segregated South to the corner office of Merrill Lynch–where he engineered a successful turnaround–was undone by his supreme confidence in his own judgment and his relentless pursuit of ever-greater profits for the firm.
Osman Semerci, a former rug merchant and tour operator from Istanbul, who charmed Stan O'Neal with his smooth-talking style, convincing the Merrill Lynch CEO that he could handle one of the most complex jobs in finance. O'Neal was so smitten with the young Turk that he presented him to his board as a possible successor in the corner office. It was only after an internal probe exposed what had happened on Semerci's watch that top management fired Semerci, and the internal expose was stamped with an "attorney-client privilege" designation to prevent it from falling into the hands of plaintiffs lawyers.
John Thain, the cerebral, MIT-educated technocrat whose rescue of the New York Stock Exchange led one magazine to dub him 'super thain.' He was hired to save Merrill Lynch in late 2007, but his belief that the markets would rebound led him to underestimate the depth of Merrill's problems.
Bank of America CEO Ken Lewis, who, having spent his entire banking career in the shadow of his legendary predecessor Hugh McColl, ignores warnings about Merrill Lynch and rashly agrees to pay $50 billion for a firm that is falling apart. Lewis' peculiar management style—which involved surrendering significant control over the bank to his top human resources executive—insulates him from the realities of the marketplace and allows him to march the once mighty Bank of America to the edge of a financial and regulatory precipice.
Crash of the Titans also reveals, to a much greater degree than has ever been disclosed, the minute-by-minute drama of the negotiations between Merrill Lynch and Bank of America over a fateful weekend in September. Highlights from that weekend:
On Saturday evening, Thain and his new Goldman Sachs hires failed to convince the top executives at Morgan Stanley that they should merge with Merrill, as has been reported. But Thain's group of ex-Goldman Sachs people tried again on Sunday. Tom Montag called up Walid Chammah, a top deputy to Morgan Stanley CEO John Mack, around noon—even as Merrill Lynch was getting close to receiving a firm offer from Bank of America. Montag told Chammah that if any deal was going to happen, "your John would have to call my John." Chammah rebuffed the overture.
On Sunday afternoon, as Bank of America's own people were trying to do due diligence on Merrill, the top executives from the Charlotte bank removed themselves from the due diligence process and were ensconced in the bank's corporate apartment at the Time Warner center watching an NFL football game, cheering loudly for the Charlotte Panthers.
After accepting the offer, Thain called Ken Lewis, CEO of Bank of America. Since he had no change in control clause to his contract, Thain would get no big financial reward for selling the firm. He asked Lewis if a clause could be negotiated in the deal whereby he and his top executives would see some of their Merrill Lynch options—which were deep underwater—converted into Bank of America shares. The negotiations over Thain's options became a sticking point during the negotiations that evening.
Other newsbreaks include the following:
In October 2007, as O'Neal desperately searched for a solution to Merrill Lynch's problems, he asked one of his directors, Alberto Cribiore, to place a call to Warren Buffett, the billionaire investor from Omaha. Buffett agreed to talk to O'Neal but the overture went nowhere.
New York Attorney General Andrew Cuomo brought charges against BofA's Ken Lewis and CFO Joe Price, claiming that they engineered the firing of the bank's general counsel, Tim Mayopoulos, because of the lawyer's concerns over the bank's disclosures related to the Merrill acquisition. Crash of the Titans reveals that Mayopoulos was fired in part because he and the lawyers who worked for him complained incessantly about how poorly they were paid.
Throughout October, as Merrill racked up the worst monthly losses in its history, top executives at the firm were sure that Bank of America's top management would call and demand to renegotiate the terms of the deal. The Merrill executives, led by treasurer Eric Heaton, prepared a series of arguments for top management to use in response to BofA's inevitable request. But BofA never called to renegotiate.
Crash of the Titans is an intimate fly-on-the wall tale of the decline and fall of an American icon and one of the premier brands in financial services. Its wealth of never-before-revealed information and focus on two iconic banks make it the book that puts together all the pieces of the Wall Street disaster.
GREG FARRELL is a correspondent for the Financial Times. In January 2009, he broke the news that Merrill Lynch had paid out its 2008 bonuses a month ahead of schedule, in December, even though Merrill was in the process of losing $28 billion for the year and Bank of America needed an extra $20 billion in taxpayer funds to complete its acquisition of the firm. That story sparked an investigation by New York attorney general Andrew Cuomo. Greg is a past winner of the American Business Press's Jesse Neal Award for investigative reporting and a recipient of the Knight-Bagehot Fellowship for business journalism. He earned a BA from Harvard University and an MBA from the Graduate School of Business at Columbia University.
GREG FARRELL IS CURRENTLY AVAILABLE FOR INTERVIEWS
See www.crashofthetitansbook.com for more information
CRASH OF THE TITANS: Greed, Hubris, the Fall of Merrill Lynch
Crown Business * On sale 11/2/10 * $27.00 * ISBN 978-0-307-71786-3
Tags: Bank of America, Crash of the Titans, Greed, Greg Farrell, Merrill Lynch
Posted in Press Releases | No Comments »


Most Advanced SIMD instructions use a data type specifier to define the size and type of data that the instruction operates on.
If the description specifies I, you can also use the S or U data types.
If only the data size is specified, you can specify a type (I, S, U, P or F).


I always go to the about page of any website because I want to see who I'm getting my information from and why I should trust them.
Thank you for stopping by and I hope the video helped you get to know me better. In case you skipped it here is the rundown.
I'm a former public school music and theater teacher. I have a BME in Music Education and a MA in Directing. I often joke that I have a degree in telling people what to do!!!
I love teaching and seeing the light bulb come on after explaining a creative concept.
Watching a project come together with a tip or just a little tweak was half of the motivation of why I started doing this blog. The other reason was to document for friends and family the renovation of our duplex into a single family home.
I became a DIY junkie because I have really classy and elegant ideas and tastes that sometimes I can not afford. There is also the tiny problem of having an idea in my head but I can't find it in a store so I have to make it myself.
Either way, I love DIY projects for their affordability and for the customization.
Pink Tool Girl.com has turned into a passion to help other busy people like myself. We feel that our videos, checklists, downloadable shopping lists, tips and tutorials, and our courses help you find what you need at one stop.
I'm a mother of two busy boys and I run a business from home. I don't have time to you figure out how to do elaborate DIY projects or search all over YOUTUBe to find someone who can help me. I want a step by step easy to follow formula that I can try at home.
My husband is an engineer and I'm an artist. Seriously, we approach every DIY project from completely different sides of the brain. His left brain is logical and exact. My right brain is creative and well….all over the place with ideas! Together, we have thought about all possible angles of the DIY projects that we've completed and we want to pass that on to you.
We want to encourage you to have the confidence to tackle the DIY projects in your home. We want you to make educated decisions based on the projects that you are going to do. We also want to entertain you with the funny things that can happen when you embark on any DIY project. Learning to laugh at your mistakes or how someone else approaches a project is half the fun. Telling how you survived the project as others visit your house to see your handy work is icing on the cake.


MMG Rosebery was pleased to welcome back a familiar face this week with former Deputy General Manager John Lamb returning to take up the General Manager's chair.
John and his family returned to Rosebery following two years up north with MMG's Century zinc mine in northern Queensland where John was General Manager of the mine, Australia's largest zinc mine.
"It's a real pleasure to be back at Rosebery and be a part of the West Coast and North West Coast Tasmanian community again," said Mr Lamb.
In addition to Rosebery mine John will be responsible for MMG's Avebury mine in Zeehan, currently on care and maintenance.
"Mining is part of this region's rich history and we look forward to being part of its future as we continue to grow our business in the coming years," said John.
MMG recently announced the recommencement of a number of major projects at Rosebery including a $25 million program to create an additional ventilation shaft to deliver fresh air to the deepest reaches of the mine and a $1.6 million deep exploration drilling program to confirm the long-term viability of the mine. The drilling program commenced in October to target prospective areas below the lower parts of the Rosebery ore body.
Significant additional resources have been discovered at Rosebery over the last three years with the mine life now extending to the end of the next decade.
"We hope this drilling program will again boost the mine's reserves and extend its life even further" said John.
John and Rosebery mine employees will be participating in the Rosebery Christmas Parade, an annual tradition, to be held at 11.00am on Sunday 13 December followed by the Wee Georgie Wood Christmas Carols at Tullah at 4.00pm.
High resolution images available upon request.


text:
Seniors' advocate studying how elder abuse is reported in B.C.
Isobel Mackenzie plans to issue a report in 2020 with recommendations for change
Kevin Griffin
The B.C. seniors' advocate has launched an in-depth study of elder abuse with the goal of releasing a report with recommendations next year.
Isobel Mackenzie said Thursday that her office has collected data on elder abuse for the past five years, but it's become clear to her the information isn't meaningful because there's no standardized way for anyone who sees elder abuse to report it.
Mackenzie said her Office of the Seniors Advocate in Victoria is reviewing provincial legislation and has started on a consultation process as part of its "systemic review" of elder abuse.
"We look to a report coming out later in 2020 with some recommendations on how we can better gather information and better inform the public and start to have some reliable information and some confidence that we are providing a robust system for reporting and tracking and dealing with elder abuse," she said.
"It is an issue that not only seniors feel passionately about, the public at large does as well."
Mackenzie made the comments during the release of Monitoring Seniors Services 2019, her annual report on assessing services for seniors in areas such as health care, housing, transportation and income.
A total of 1,626 cases of abuse, neglect and self-neglect were reported in 2018 to provincial agencies. However, the report said the figure should be "interpreted with caution because it is incomplete, inconsistently reported and prone to subjective bias due to lack of reporting criteria."
Mackenzie said the report also found that by far the main form of transportation for seniors remains private vehicles. She said 78 per cent of people aged 65 have a driver's licence, an increase of four per cent which matches the four-per-cent increase to 912,725 in the total number of seniors in B.C.
Of the 72,000 driver fitness cases in 2018 for those 80 years of age and older, about 90 per cent were successfully completed in the doctor's office, she said.
"People who get the notice when they reach 80, and every two years thereafter, to go to the doctor's office, overwhelmingly are going to come out with no further testing required," she said. "The message I want to get out to seniors is that if you think you're able to drive, you probably are."
She added that most seniors surrender their driver's licence on their own terms rather than through the provincial testing process.
Other highlights from the 96-page report include:
• Most seniors are "generally healthy," with 19 per cent living with high-complexity chronic health conditions. Six per cent are living with dementia. Both figures have "remained relatively stable over the last five years," the report says.
• Since 2015-16, the number of home-care complaints to the Patient Care Quality Office has risen steadily and increased by 17 per cent in 2018-19 compared to the previous year.
• Ninety-three per cent of seniors, and 72 per cent of those aged 85 or older, live independently in private dwellings; only six per cent of seniors are in assisted living or long-term care.
B.C.'s seniors advocate, Isobel Mackenzie. RICHARD LAM / PNG
kevingriffin@postmedia.com
Is there more to this story? We'd like to hear from you about this or any other stories you think we should know about. Email vantips@postmedia.com.
Brownstein: Diva Michelle Sweeney reveals the story of her abusive relationship Brownstein: Searing documentary Conviction goes behind walls of women's prisons


He gave us a fair price, which was welcome considering how some elderly people are treated these days. It's hard to find a person who is trustworthy and competent. We will certainly be calling your company again.
At Aurora Plumbing Company, we take pride in the ability of our Master and Journeyman plumbers, as well as our NATE-certified technicians, to provide excellent workmanship and customer service. As a leading plumbing, heating, water heater, air conditioning, and indoor air quality service provider in the Arvada, CO area, let us take care of your home or commercial space's needs.
Whether you're looking for a new air conditioning system for your brand new home or your commercial space has a plumbing emergency, we can be there in no time with a fully stocked van in tow. Since 1984, we have been family owned and operated, and we continue to deliver on our promises 7 days a week. Call us today to see what we're all about. Contact our team to schedule heating, air conditioning or plumbing services in Arvada, CO or the surrounding area.
Although you may often take it for granted, your plumbing system is one of the most important parts of your home. If you stop to consider what life would be like without indoor plumbing, we're sure you'll agree. But your plumbing system is only as good as the quality of its installation and follow-up services such as repair and maintenance. Our plumbing services in Arvada, CO are comprehensive. From new home construction plumbing to routine drain cleaning, our plumbers have got you covered. If you're looking for professional plumbing contractors in Arvada, CO, call Aurora Plumbing Company today.
Sump pumps are a popular means of keeping water out of your basement. They offer an excellent additional layer of protection to keep your finished basement clear of water or your family heirlooms free from water damage. We offer various makes and models, and we also repair and maintain them.
A garbage disposal system works not by shredding up your food but by grinding it. It can't take anything so you have to use it carefully and properly from the get-go. Our garbage disposal services in Arvada, CO include the installation of new units as well as the repair and replacement of older equipment.
Are You Looking for Water Heater Service or Products in Arvada, CO?
The hot water heater is a crucial part of your home's plumbing system. Most would be hard-pressed to get by without one on a daily basis for any extended period of time. If you're in the market for a new water heater, then let us help. We offer a number of different makes and models, including conventional tank, tankless and hybrid water heaters. Most importantly, we work with budgets and homes of all sizes. If your existing water heater is broken or needs service, we can do that, too. Call us for water heater service in Arvada, CO.
Over time, the interaction between water and metal causes all sorts of problems. Although your water heater is built to last, it will run into problems eventually. When it does, you can count on the team at Aurora Plumbing Company to take care of your water heater repair in Arvada, CO with due diligence.
The tankless water heater works not by storing a large vat of hot water at a constant temperature, but by heating your water only when you call for it. As you can imagine, this cuts down significantly on the amount of energy required for the production of hot water, which is one of the chief benefits of the tankless water heater.
Do You Need Drain or Sewer Services in Arvada, CO?
Don't underestimate the importance of your drain and sewer system. While you may first think of the supply of potable water flowing throughout the various fixtures in your home when you think of your plumbing system, your drainpipes and sewer line are no less critical. You simply would not be able to enjoy the benefits of modern plumbing without them. Our drain and sewer services can keep your home out of trouble. We offer preventive maintenance services such as drain cleaning as well as comprehensive sewer line repair and replacement. Whether you need your new home outfitted or your existing drain and sewer system rehabilitated, our plumbers are ready to help you every step of the way.
Drain cleaning is a great way to rejuvenate your plumbing system. As you can well imagine, your drains endure a fair amount of use and abuse over the years, and keeping them in good shape is important for their longevity as well as their performance. Our drain cleaning is performed carefully and thoroughly. Call Aurora Plumbing Company today for professional drain cleaning in the Arvada, CO area.
Do You Need A New Heating System or Heater Services in Arvada, CO?
If your heater is beginning to show troubling signs or you know that you need a new one, let us handle all of the details. We offer a number of different heating systems and heater services throughout the Arvada, CO area, and we want you and yours to stay warm all winter long. Our heating contractors install and service furnaces, boilers, heat pumps, and ductless heaters, and we can make sure that we match your new heating system to your home and your budget. Our heating services also include repair and maintenance in order to keep your system in good working order for the years to come. Call us to find out more about the heating services we offer throughout the Arvada, CO area.
Let us take care of your heating installation service in Arvada, CO so that you know it's done right the first time. After all, a new heater is a major investment of your resources, and its heating output needs to match the size of your living space for maximum performance and efficiency. Call our HVAC installation specialists today to schedule an appointment.
If the time has come for heating repair service, act quickly. The longer such problems go without professional care, the more damage they can do. We offer heater repair service in Arvada, CO so that we can always address the problem, whether major or minor. Call our heat repair specialists today if you're in need of heating repairs in the Arvada, CO area.
The furnace remains one of the top heating options because it is budget-friendly and highly effective at keeping your home warm despite even the coldest winter. We offer both gas and electric furnaces because we know how important it is to have options when you're selecting a new system. We also service furnaces in Arvada, CO of all makes and models.
A boiler makes for an excellent heating system primarily because it does not heat your indoor air directly, but rather radiates heat from copper pipe, radiators, or in-floor piping. We can make sure that your boiler works just as it should so that you and your family stay warm throughout the winter months. Let us handle any boiler services you may require.
Do You Need Air Conditioning Services in Arvada, CO?
In order to keep your home cool during the Arvada, CO summer, you need to make sure that your air conditioner works just as it's supposed to. Our cooling system technicians are highly trained and experienced, and they can take care of any air conditioning service that you may need, including installation, replacement, repair and maintenance. Whether you need a new cooling system for the new home of your dreams, or your existing AC needs to be repaired as soon as possible, we can provide an excellent AC service solution. Call us today for all of your Arvada, CO air conditioning service needs.
We offer several different types of cooling systems for installation in your home. From conventional central air units to year-round heat pumps, ductless mini splits to swamp coolers, we can find a custom solution that matches the size of your home as well as your budget. Let AC installation technicians handle your air conditioning system installation.
If your AC is beset by frequent repair costs that are beginning to annoy you, then it may be time for air conditioning replacement. We can give you a candid assessment of your AC so that you can make an informed decision about whether to repair or replace it with a new, high-efficiency unit. Call our AC replacement experts to find out if it's time to replace your old air conditioner.
Because of how much wear and tear your AC gets over the years, there may come a time when it needs to be professionally repaired. We offer excellent AC repair services throughout the Arvada, CO area, and we service all HVAC system makes and models. We can have your cooling system back up and running in no time at all. Call our air conditioner repair experts today if you're in need of professional repair services.
In order to get the most from your air conditioner, it needs to be routinely maintained. We mean more than simply changing the air filter every once so often. Air conditioner maintenance needs to be taken care of by a professional HVAC maintenance technician so that all essential components of your system are thoroughly cleaned and inspected. Contact our AC maintenance specialists if you need tune up service for your air conditioner.
The swamp cooler makes for an excellent choice in our area because of our relatively dry summer months. We offer excellent swamp cooler service in Arvada, CO, whether for a new system installation or replacement. We can also repair any issues that your swamp cooler may be having and regularly maintain it. Call us for details regarding the benefits of owing swamp coolers in Arvada, CO.
Are You Interested in Improving Your Indoor Air Quality in Arvada, CO?
Indoor air quality is one of the most important issues affecting us today. You need to make sure that your Arvada, CO home has everything it needs to keep everyone breathing clean air. We have a number of indoor air quality upgrades that can be integrated directly into your ductwork if you own a heat pump, furnace, or central air unit. We provide air purifiers, UV air purifiers, and air filtration systems, as well as humidifiers. Whether your air has excessive problems with airborne contaminants or just low humidity, we can provide a solution.
An air purifier makes for a great addition to your HVAC system if you believe that your home circulates airborne contaminants like dust, mold spores, dander and other debris. The air purifier fits directly into your HVAC system so that it cleans your entire indoor air, not just a single room.
If your home suffers from low humidity levels, as many do in Arvada, CO, then you may want to consider a whole house humidifier. This gives you the ability to customize your humidity to your needs. This is not only beneficial to your health but also to wood furnishings and other parts of your home.
Whether you've got a serious leak in the basement of your office building or an irritating lack of efficiency when it comes to your hot water, we offer comprehensive commercial plumbing services throughout the Arvada, CO area. Let us take care of your commercial plumbing installation, replacement, repair or maintenance.


If you've learned about the Great Lakes in school, you've likely learned a special way of remembering their names. We call these techniques (pronounced "ni-mon-ick") devices.
If you can remember the word HOMES, you can remember that the names of the five Great Lakes are Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie and Superior.
The Great Lakes and their rivers and channels make up the largest fresh surface water system in the world. In fact, they're so big that astronauts can see them from the moon!
Located along the United States-Canada border, the Great Lakes cover more than 90, 000 square miles of surface area. So how much fresh water is that? A lot!
Experts estimate that the Great Lakes hold more than 6 quadrillion gallons of water. That's about 22 percent of the world's fresh surface water supply and about 90 percent of the United States' supply.
If you poured out all the water in the Great Lakes evenly across the lower 48 United States, the water would be about 9.5 feet deep.
Although the Great Lakes consist of five separate lakes, together they form one interconnected body of fresh water. the interior of the United States and Canada to the Atlantic Ocean, water flows from Lake Superior to Lake Michigan and Lake Huron.
It then flows south to Lake Erie before following the Niagara River over Niagara Falls and into Lake Ontario. The St. Lawrence River eventually takes Lake Ontario's flow to the Atlantic Ocean.
The size of the Great Lakes area can be hard to comprehend. In addition to the five Great Lakes themselves, many rivers and thousands of smaller lakes — called " lakes" — are part of the system. More than 35, 000 islands can be found in the area, as well as more than 10, 000 miles of coastline.
Children who see one of the Great Lakes for the first time sometimes mistake them for oceans because they're so big. There are plenty of ways to have fun in, on and around the Great Lakes. In addition to swimming, boating and fishing, there are many fun places to visit, including lighthouses and neat lakeside towns.


text:
Il Dorbera è un torrente che scorre nell'omonima valle tributaria della Val Trebbia. Nasce presso il monte Alfeo a (1.651 m), scorre presso le frazioni del comune di Ottone di Bertone e Barchi e poi sfocia nel Trebbia nei pressi di Gorreto. Il suo percorso è per la maggior parte in provincia di Piacenza, entra in provincia di Genova nella parte terminale quando raggiunge Gorreto e il Trebbia.

Voci correlate

Fiumi della città metropolitana di Genova
Fiumi della provincia di Piacenza

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Certificate in Licensed Practical Nursing (LPN)
The Certificate Licensed Practical Nursing (LPN) program is designed to provide students with academic and clinical practice opportunities to gain the knowledge and skills that are essential to meet the demands of today's healthcare environment. The program offers a challenging curriculum designed to cultivate students' successful learning and the ability to apply knowledge, think critically, and communicate effectively. Graduates of the Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) program are eligible to take the LPN licensure examination (NCLEX-PN).
LPN students work to learn proper procedures to collect and organize healthcare data, coordinate with other nurses and healthcare providers to provide patient care, contribute to the care plan, and identify and understand common health problems in a variety of patients.
As you work toward your future professional goals, review the related information at the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
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Nursing is an art and a science with caring and service as core concepts. The role of the Licensed Practical Nurse is to facilitate the optimal independent functioning of persons, alone or in groups, through the promotion, maintenance, and restoration of health. The professional nurse utilizes critical thinking and the nursing process to plan and implement care.
Students are expected to value confidentiality, respect, accountability, people's differences, and preparation to ensure safe clinical practice.
Bachelor of Science in Nursing (LPN-BSN)
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Upon completion of certificate requirements, each student enrolled in the PN program must make application to sit for the National Council Licensure Examination-Practical Nurse (NCLEX-PN). Practical/Vocational nurses are prohibited in all states from practicing nursing until the examination is successfully completed and licensure has been granted. Specific information regarding licensure will be provided to the student during the last quarter of the nursing program. Background Check: Students are required to sign an acknowledgment form that they understand that our school background check may not revel potential barriers to licensure in each state. Each Board of Nursing conducts extensive background checks upon application for licensure with that state. Graduation from this program, does not specifically guarantee licensure in each state.
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State Authorization (Asheville, Atlanta, Indianapolis, Knoxville, Nashville, Orlando)
The South College Bachelor of Science in Nursing program offered at the Parkside Learning Site (Knoxville) received initial approval from the Tennessee Board of Nursing in December 2003, with full approval granted in September 2008. Approval for the addition of the Nashville Learning Site was granted in November 2016. The Master of Science in Nursing program received approval in November 2016. The Doctor of Nursing Practice program received approval in February 2020. The Post-Graduate Certificate programs received approval in August 2021. The South College Bachelor of Science in Nursing program offered at the Asheville Learning Site received initial approval from the North Carolina Board of Nursing in February 2016, with full approval granted in May 2019. The Bachelor of Science in Nursing program offered at the Atlanta Learning Site received initial approval from the Georgia Board of Nursing in September 2018. The Bachelor of Science in Nursing program offered at the Orlando Learning Site received initial approval from the Florida Board of Nursing in November 2021. The Bachelor of Science in Nursing program offered at the Indianapolis campus received initial accreditation from the Indiana Board of Nursing in July 2022.
The South College Associate of Science in Nursing program (Knoxville & Nashville Learning Site) was approved by the Tennessee Board of Nursing in November 2022.
The South College Certificate program in Practical Nursing offered at the Parkside Learning Site (Knoxville) received approval from the Tennessee Board of Nursing in February 2018. Approval for the addition of the Nashville Learning Site was granted in November 2018. The Certificate program in Practical Nursing was approved by the Georgia Board of Nursing for the Atlanta Learning Site in May 2019 to begin the first class in June 2020. The Certificate program in Practical Nursing was approved by the Florida Board of Nursing for the Orlando Learning Site in November 2021.
Amounts for tuition, fees, books, and supplies are subject to change. South College follows the required methodology provided by the Tennessee Higher Education Commission for the reporting of employment information for graduates. This information is compiled on an annual basis and published via the institution website each year for graduates during the most recently completed reporting year (July 1-June 30). For more detailed information related to the calculation of graduate employment rates, please click here.
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South College is providing me the opportunity to be a part of a wonderful program and receive the education and training I need to be a successful occupational therapy assistant.
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It was not something I needed to learn to do, it was something I was supposed to do [becoming a nurse]. After 38 years it was just something that was kicking in.
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South College is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges (SACSCOC) to award degrees at the doctorate, educational specialist, master's, baccalaureate, and associate levels, as well as certificates. Questions about the accreditation of South College may be directed in writing to the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges at 1866 Southern Lane, Decatur, Georgia 30033-4097, by calling (404) 679-4500, or by using information available on SACSCOC's website (www.sacscoc.org).


text:
Dystrykt Shangombo (lub Shang'ombo) – dystrykt w południowo-zachodniej Zambii w Prowincji Zachodniej. W 2000 roku liczył 70 049 mieszkańców (z czego 47,81% stanowili mężczyźni) i obejmował 14 039 gospodarstw domowych. Siedzibą administracyjną dystryktu jest Shangombo.

Przypisy

Dystrykty Zambii


text:
Saint-Martin-de-Bernegoue () is a commune in the Deux-Sèvres department in western France.

See also
Communes of the Deux-Sèvres department

References

Communes of Deux-Sèvres


I need a tool, either desktop or online, that can show me the difference between 2 blocks of text.
I just want to be able to paste them both into boxes and click a button, rather than having to create files from them in order to compare.
It can't compare line 1 in box A to line 1 in box B and say they are different and leave it at that. It needs to be able to highlight why they are different.
Has something been moved or rearranged?
And it should color code the highlights so I can know what the deal is. And it can not highlight the whole line. It needs to highlight only the differences within the line or block.
The quick brown dog jumped over the lazy red fox.
So far I haven't found one that can do this with comparing a very long single line string to another, and without me having to make files out of them first.
Winmerge - free, open source, frequently updated. Here's how: First go to options and in the Editor section under "Line Difference Coloring", switch to "Character level" for line differences. You'll only need to do this once of course. Now (and in the future) just click New Documents (first icon on toolbar), put in text in both sides, click Refresh (F5 or from View menu). There is even an auto-refresh preference so no need to hit F5 - just look through the options. Lots of good stuff in there. No need to save the files either, though it's optional when you quit or create new docs (you can just choose "Discard all").
I have an older version, and I am not sure if I qualify for the free upgrade, which edition I'd be getting if I did, and what exactly the difference is between what I already have and the new one I would be getting.
I remember reading somewhere that it was stated that those that took the free upgrade would actually lose some functionality in the process. It was all such a confusing mess that I never bothered to figure it out or even see if I qualified for the free upgrade.
Compare It! also seems to do a pretty good job with this, and there's a long-standing 50% discount on DC (so it would run $15).
app103, take a look at TED Notepad, a small, very fast and amazingly feature-rich editor. Press Control-Alt-M and you get boxes to type/paste your texts in. Don't know if it will show the differences as clearly as you want, see image attached, but it's worth a look as an all-round useful "Swiss Army knife for text" anyway.
App, did Winmerge not do what you wanted? I'm just curious, if I know what it still needed, I might know of an alternative.
I didn't even try Winmerge, since the Diff/Match/Patch demo did the trick. I'll try out some of the other suggestions later on when I have more time to devote towards testing out new software.
Seems I'm a bit late, but AptDiff is another text comparison tool worth a shot.
Another nod for Beyond Compare. I have been using it for years and it just gets better and better (it's updated often). Version 3 lets you compare text, text files, binary comparisons, folders, hex, mp3 files, pictures and more. Plus it can sync folders that you compare and merge text. It has become a tool that I would be hard pressed to live without. You can open the app and type or paste text into one side and then the other to compare text that way without creating files first. It does a great job of highlighting the diffs too.
After the pin is pulled, Mr. Grenade is no longer our friend!
AJC Diff, from AJC Software (http://www.ajcsoft.com) ?
I am sales representative of Compare++, any question, you can ask me. Thanks a lot.
all your posts have been about Compare++, are you affiliated with this product? if so, you can announce the product here or you're just a fan, you can write a review about it here.


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text:
Date of Acceptance 14-Oct-2022
Keywords: Airway management, diabetes, glycosylation, laryngoscopy
Singh H, Dwivedi D, Tandon U, Bhatnagar V, Jinjil K, Tara S. Comparing the sensitivity of palm print sign and prayer sign in prediction of difficult intubation in diabetic patients. Arch Med Health Sci 2022;10:207-12
Singh H, Dwivedi D, Tandon U, Bhatnagar V, Jinjil K, Tara S. Comparing the sensitivity of palm print sign and prayer sign in prediction of difficult intubation in diabetic patients. Arch Med Health Sci [serial online] 2022 [cited 2023 Jan 31];10:207-12. Available from: https://www.amhsjournal.org/text.asp?2022/10/2/207/364956
Over the years, airway management has come a long way. Endotracheal intubation became a prevalent procedure in anesthetic practice in the latter half of the 20th century.[1] The inability to manage difficult intubation adequately has led to, as high as 30% of deaths attributable to anesthesia.[2] There are certain conditions that by virtue of their pathophysiology, lead to difficult intubation in patients. Some of them are diabetes mellitus, ankylosing spondylosis, trauma to the cervical spine, etc., Many clinical indices have been devised to anticipate difficult intubation preoperatively. However, these indices have low sensitivity and specificity. By examining features specific to a subpopulation of patients based on their diagnosis, improves the sensitivity of tests.
The reported incidence of difficult laryngoscopy in diabetic patients is 27%–31%.[3] Long-standing diabetes leads to nonenzymatic glycosylation of collagen and its deposition in joints leads to "Limited joint mobility" syndrome.[4],[5] It is hypothesized that the syndrome is the result of tissue glycosylation associated with chronic hyperglycemia seen in diabetic patients.[6] There is an abnormality of collagen metabolism, which leads to cross-link formation. As a result, collagen fibrils become stable and resistant to enzyme degradation.[7] The involvement of atlantooccipital joint by this process limits head and neck extension leading to difficult intubation.[8] Involvement of interphalangeal joints by this process leads to limited joint mobility syndrome in these joints, which becomes the basis of the palm print sign [Figure 1]a. The degree of interphalangeal involvement can be objectively assessed by scoring ink impressions made by palm of the dominant hand. Similarly, failure of approximation of the digits of both the hands while doing "NAMASTE" leads to positive prayer sign [Figure 1]b.
Figure 1: (a) Palm print sign, (b) prayer sign
The two signs can become potential indices for prediction of difficult intubation in diabetic patients. This study aims at finding out which of the two signs (Palm print or Prayer sign) is more sensitive for prediction of difficult intubation in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus with the secondary objective is to correlate the above two signs with the Cormack–Lehane View during direct laryngoscopy and also to determine whether the duration of type II diabetes mellitus correlates with difficult intubation in isolation.
This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Anesthesiology at a tertiary care hospital for 1 year 6 months from January 2018 to June 2019. The permission of the institute's ethical committee was taken before the study after fulfilling all the criteria.
Using α error of 0.05, β error of 0.20 (power of 80%) and using a sensitivity of 62% for the Prayer sign in prediction of difficult laryngoscopy to that of 77% for the Palm print sign Hashim and Thomas,[3] the sample size calculated comparing the sensitivity between the two tests for the present study was 147. It was planned to enroll 150 cases for the present study to cater for dropouts.
During the stipulated time, 150 patients, who were known cases of Type II diabetes mellitus, aged between 35 and 85 years, undergoing elective general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation, were enrolled in the study. Written informed consent was taken from all patients. Exclusion criteria included, Mallampati classification (MPCL) grade III and beyond, the thyromental distance of <6.5 cm, obesity, body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m2, restricted neck movements due to co-existing cervical spondylosis in diabetes, deformities of the face, neck and palate, deformities of hands, rheumatoid arthritis, oral malignancies and neck masses such as thyroid swellings, history of trauma to neck and face, and emergency surgeries.
All the patients underwent pre anesthesia check-up and were assessed as per history, clinical examinations, and investigations. Patients with deranged blood sugar levels were optimized. On the day before surgery, patients were evaluated for Palm print signs and Prayer signs during preoperative assessment rounds. Patients were asked to bring both palms together as "NAMASTE." Failure to approximate the interphalangeal joints of two palms was considered positive prayer sign[9] [Figure 1]b. Palm and fingers of patient's dominant hand were firmly pressed against the blue ink pad. The patient would then press his/her hand on the white sheet of paper firmly without putting body weight [Figure 1]a. It was objectively scored as Grade 0: All the phalangeal areas visible, Grade 1: Deficiency in the interphalangeal areas of the 4th and 5th digits, Grade 2: Deficiency in the interphalangeal areas of the 2nd to 5th digits, and Grade 3: Only the tips of the digits seen. Grades 2 and 3 were considered indicator of difficult intubation.[10]
All the patients were administered alprazolam 0.25 mg orally, ranitidine 150 mg orally, and metoclopramide 10 mg orally the night before and in the morning of surgery with a sip of water. Patients were advised to be nil per oral for eight hours for solids and 2 h for clear fluids, before surgery. No other premedication was administered on the morning of the surgery.
On the day of surgery, patients were made to lie down comfortably in the supine position on the operation table with a 10 cm pillow beneath the head. Mandatory minimum monitoring ensued. Patients were explained the anesthesia technique. An intravenous line was established under aseptic precautions. Intravenous midazolam 1 mg, fentanyl 2 μg/kg were administered. Induction of general anesthesia was done with 1% propofol 2 mg/kg. After checking for the ability to ventilate with bag and mask, vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg was administered. Patients were ventilated with oxygen and sevoflurane for 3 min. Laryngoscopy was performed by an anesthesiologist, who having more than 2 years' of experience in the field. It was performed with Macintosh size 3 blade. No external manipulation (ELM) was done, and different sizes and types of blades were not used in the first attempt. The best possible glottic view was obtained, and Cormack and Lehane (CL) grade was noted. Grade I-Full exposure of glottis (Anterior and posterior commissure), Grade II-Anterior commissure not visualized, Grade III-Epiglottis only, and Grade IV-No glottic structure visible. CL grades III and IV were considered difficult intubation.[10] The rest of the intra and postoperative management was done as per the requirements of the case. The investigator was blinded and did not attempt the intubation. Specific equipment was always kept ready to assist difficult intubation in every case: stylet, Bougie, I gel, one size smaller tube, intubating LMA, larger Macintosh blade, and McCoy blade. Use of any ELM, airway adjuncts or CL Grades III and IV were labeled as difficult intubation.
Nominal type of qualitative data, which included sex of cases, intubation difficulty as assessed by Palm print sign and Prayer sign, as well as CL grade, was represented in form of frequency and percentage. Association between nominal types of qualitative variables was assessed by the Chi-Square test, with continuity correction for all 2 × 2 tables and by Fisher's exact test for all 2 × 2 tables where the Chi-square test was not valid. Diagnostic efficacy of intubation difficulty by Palm print sign as well as by Prayer sign when compared to CL grade (separately) was assessed by calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio. Correlation between the various variables and CL grade was done utilizing Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Appropriate statistical software, SPSS software Version 22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) was used for statistical analysis.
A total of 150 patients were enrolled in the study. The demographic data show that majority proportion (37.3%) of the patients were between the age group of 45–54 years, followed by 55–64 years (20%). Females (51.4%) were more than males (48.6%) and when the BMI was compared, 77.3% were in the normal BMI range, with 22.6% being overweight [Table 1]. The association of the demographic variables to the CL grade predicting difficult intubation is represented in [Table 2], which shows that the duration of diabetes in years closely relates to the difficult intubation with significant results (P < 0.007).
Table 1: Demographic distribution of the cases
Table 2: Comparison of demographic variables with the Cormack–Lehane grade
[Table 3] shows the distribution of cases based on the ease and difficulty in intubation as assessed by palm print sign, prayer sign, and CL grade on laryngoscopy in isolation. CL grade predicted difficulty in intubation in 62.6% of cases, followed by the Palm print sign (40%) and Prayer sign (34%). ELM was used in 80% (n = 48) of the predicted difficult intubation in the Palm print sign category, with bougie being used in only 20% (n = 12) patients, when compared to the Prayer sign category where ELM was used in 69.3% (n = 36) patients and bougie was used in 16% (n = 30.7). Correlation between the various variables and the CL grade, a gold standard for assessing the difficult intubation, shows significant results with palm print grades and duration of the diabetes [Table 4]. Sensitivity, specificity of the palm print sign and the prayer sign in predicting difficult intubation in our study is compared with the results of other existing studies and presented in [Table 5]. Our study has 100% specificity and PPV for the Palm print sign when compared to the Prayer sign, with 76.92% specificity and 75% PPV.
Table 3: Distribution of cases based on ease and difficulty in intubation by various methods
Table 4: Correlation between the various variables with the gold standard Cormack-Lehane grade
Table 5: Comparison of sensitivity and specificity of palm print and prayer sign in various studies in predicting difficult intubation
Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading lifestyle related disorders that is crippling the world.[11],[12] As a result, anesthesiologists have to deal with its sequelae on a daily basis, and sometimes, they are caught off guard due to the same. This study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the Palm print sign and Prayer sign as a screening tool in prediction of difficult intubation in diabetic patients by comparing it with CL grading. All the patients were evaluated in terms of Palm print sign and Prayer sign before induction of general anesthesia and CL grade at the time of intubation. The sequence of induction and the drugs were kept constant. CL grades were considered the gold standard, and respective grades of the Palm print sign and Prayer sign were compared with it by an investigator who was blinded and did not attempt intubation.
Diabetes mellitus affects almost every system in the human body, and wide spectrums of medical specialties have been involved in managing its complications and sequelae. It also poses multiple challenges to the anaesthesiologist at different levels of patient care. Management of diabetic ketoacidosis in the intensive care unit, glycemic control in the perioperative period, and dealing with electrolyte abnormalities are some of the challenges posed by the disease.
One serious and potentially life-threatening complication of diabetes Mellitus is the involvement of joints, leading to an unanticipated difficult laryngoscopy and intubation.[7] Such patients present to preanesthesia check-up clinic with normal routine airway indices. The importance of this study lies in evaluating physical indices specific to diabetes mellitus that can help the anesthesiologist to identify cases, suspected of having difficult laryngoscopy and intubation as a result of it.
For the present study, 150 patients were enrolled. The mean (standard deviation) age of the study sample is 56.46 (10.41). The mean BMI of the study participants was 25.10 (3.4) kg/m2. This negates the influence of obesity on the difficulty of intubation. In this study, 60 cases (40%) were predicted to have difficult intubation as per palm print sign in contrast to 52 cases (34.6%) as per prayer sign [Table 3]. The actual incidence of difficult intubation in this study was observed in 94 cases (62.6%) as per the gold standard CL grading [Table 3].
The cheiroarthropathy of small joints of the hand and fingers closely follows the involvement of joints in the cervical spine. The same association was tested in the present study by evaluating palm print signs and prayer signs with CL grade. The sensitivity of the palm print sign during analysis was found to be 63.64%, whereas the prayer sign reflected a sensitivity of 40.91%. The specificity of the palm print sign was 100% and that of the prayer sign was 76.92%. The PPV of the palm print sign was found to be 100% in contrast to the prayer sign, which showed the PPV of 75% [Table 5]. The predictive value of the negative test for the palm print sign was found to be 61.90% in comparison to the prayer sign, where the predictive value of the negative test was 43.48%. The association between palm print signs with CL grade was found to be statistically significant [Table 4]. It implies that higher palm print grades are associated with higher CL grades, thus indicating difficult intubation. In contrast to this, the association between Prayer sign and CL grade was found not significant (P = 0.463).
Diabetic cheiroarthropathy is found in 8%–50% of patients with diabetes mellitus, more commonly with Type I but also with Type II in substantial amount. The prevalence of cheiroarthropathy/limited joint mobility syndrome leading to difficult intubation increases with the duration of diabetes.[13] In our study, all the enrolled patients were suffering from Type II diabetes mellitus. Yet, a similar association was found between the duration of diabetes mellitus and the incidence of difficult intubation (P = 0.007) [Table 2].
Our results were similar to those achieved by Hashim and Thomas[3] Palm print sign turned out to be a better preoperative test than the prayer sign in all parameters. However, we recorded higher specificity and PPV for palm print sign than Hashim et al.[3] [Table 5]. We also noted a statistically significant correlation between the duration of diabetes mellitus and the incidence of difficult intubation [Table 4]. This could not be statistically illustrated by Hashim et al., even though they proposed it theoretically. This could be because the mean duration of diabetes mellitus in our study was 10.41 years, while in their study, it was 6.7 years.
Vani et al.[14] reported higher sensitivity but poor specificity and PPV of palm print sign in comparison to nonspecific indices of difficult intubation [Table 5]. However, our study recorded higher specificity and predictive value of positive tests for palm print signs. This could be because Vani et al. considered palm print grades of more than 0 as a predictor of difficult laryngoscopy, leading to high numbers of false positives. Furthermore, 50% of patients with difficult intubation in their study were obese, while in our study, 63% of patients having difficult intubations were within normal BMI. They also could not obtain statistical significance between the duration of diabetes mellitus and the incidence of difficult intubation. Their overall incidence of difficult intubation and duration of diabetes mellitus was also lower than our study.
Similar to Vani et al., Nadal et al.[15] also considered Palm print grade of more than 0 to be a predictor of difficult laryngoscopy. This again led to higher sensitivity but with a high false-positive rate, leading to low specificity and PPV. They enrolled patients with both types of diabetes mellitus but could not derive a correlation between the type of diabetes and the incidence of difficult intubation. However, the correlation between the duration of diabetes and the incidence of difficult intubation was positive in their study. Our study included patients suffering from type II diabetes mellitus and we also derived a similar positive correlation between the duration of diabetes and the incidence of difficult intubation, thereby proving the hypothesis that both types of diabetes lead to difficult intubation in the long run.
Studies by George and Jacob[16] and Sachdeva et al.[17] reported similar sensitivities, specificities, and PPVs for palm print signs. However, Sachdeva et al. also reported higher sensitivity for Prayer signs for both type of diabetes mellitus. The average age of type II diabetes in patients studied by Sachdeva et al. was comparable to our study and yet the incidence of difficult intubation was found to be low in that group. This variation could be because of the smaller sample size in both studies.
Mahmoodpoor et al.[18] reported very low sensitivity for palm print signs. This could be because they conducted their study on the general population. Our study aimed at finding the relevance of this sign only in diabetic patients due to the pathophysiology explained above. We agree that palm print sign is not a good predictor of difficult intubation in the general population but only in patients with diabetes mellitus. Reissell et al. conducted a study where it was inferred that the higher scores of palm print were found to be associated with higher laryngoscopic view scores with the correlation coefficient r = 0.6, but they included only type I diabetes mellitus patients.[19] In our study, all the patients were suffering from type II diabetes mellitus and our results show that palm print signs can act as a reliable indicator of difficult intubation preoperatively in these patients as well.
The studies conducted by Erden et al.[20] and Baig and Khan[21] showed prayer signs to be a poor predictor of difficult intubation preoperatively in diabetic patients. We also inferred that that prayer signs alone could not be used to assess airway difficulty in patients with diabetes mellitus.
The present study inferred that the Palm print sign is a better preoperative test in terms of sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for the prediction of difficult laryngoscopy and intubation in diabetic patients.
The strength of this study lies in excluding obesity (BMI >35 Kg/m2), thereby limiting the confounders related to difficult airways. The limitation of the study is primarily due to the failure to compare and co-relate MPCL grades, range of neck movements, neck circumference, and thyromental distance with palm print and prayer sign in predicting the difficult laryngoscopy and intubation, respectively. A multicentric research will be required further in future to substantiate the results with other difficult airway predictors.
Palm print signs, in conjunction with the duration of diabetes, may be used as a routine preoperative airway assessment tool in patients suffering from type II diabetes mellitus slated for surgeries to predict anticipated difficult intubation.
Goksu S, Sen E. History of intubation. J Acad Emerg Med 2015;14:35-6.
Benumof JL. Management of the difficult adult airway. With special emphasis on awake tracheal intubation. Anesthesiology 1991;75:1087-110.
Hashim K, Thomas M. Sensitivity of palm print sign in prediction of difficult laryngoscopy in diabetes: A comparison with other airway indices. Indian J Anaesth 2014;58:298-302.
[PUBMED] [Full text]
Fitzcharles MA, Duby S, Waddell RW, Banks E, Karsh J. Limitation of joint mobility (cheiroarthropathy) in adult noninsulin-dependent diabetic patients. Ann Rheum Dis 1984;43:251-4.
Somai P, Vogelgesang S. Limited joint mobility in diabetes mellitus: The clinical implications: The onset is insidious and may predate the recognition of overt disease. J Musculoskelet Med 2011;28:118-24.
Goh SY, Cooper ME. Clinical review: The role of advanced glycation end products in progression and complications of diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;93:1143-52.
Hall GM, Ruggier R. Diabetes mellitus and anaesthesia. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 1999;12:343-7.
Nowcid L, Valentine E. Difficult air-way in diabetes. Transl Perioper Pain Med 2015;2:19-21.
Asfar SN, Salman JM. Management of crises during anesthesia and surgery. part VI: Difficult intubation. Basrah J Surg 2014;20:76-9.
Gupta S, Sharma R, Jain D. Airway assessment: Predictors of difficult airway. Indian J Anaesth. 2005;49:257-62.
Huizinga MM, Rothman RL. Addressing the diabetes pandemic: A comprehensive approach. Indian J Med Res 2006;124:481-4.
Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H. Global prevalence of diabetes: Estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care 2004;27:1047-53.
Kim RP, Edelman SV, Kim DD. Musculoskeletal complications of diabetes mellitus. Clin Diabetes 2001;19:132-5.
Vani V, Kamath SK, Naik LD. The palm print as a sensitive predictor of difficult laryngoscopy in diabetics: A comparison with other airway evaluation indices. J Postgrad Med 2000;46:75-9.
Nadal JL, Fernandez BG, Escobar IC, Black M, Rosenblatt WH. The palm print as a sensitive predictor of difficult laryngoscopy in diabetics. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1998;42:199-203.
George SP, Jacob R. Predictability of airway evaluation indices in diabetic patients. Indian J Anaesth 2003;47:476-78.
Sachdeva KP, Singh A, Kathuria S, Kaul TK, Rupinder M, Bajwa N, et al. Prediction of difficult laryngoscopy in diabetics by palm print and interphalangeal gap. J Anaesth Clin Pharmacol 2005;21:261-4.
Mahmoodpoor A, Soleimanpour H, Nia KS, Panahi JR, Afhami M, Golzari SE, et al. Sensitivity of palmprint, modified mallampati score and 3-3-2 rule in prediction of difficult intubation. Int J Prev Med 2013;4:1063-9.
Reissell E, Orko R, Maunuksela EL, Lindgren L. Predictability of difficult laryngoscopy in patients with long-term diabetes mellitus. Anaesthesia 1990;45:1024-7.
Erden V, Basaranoglu G, Delatioglu H, Hamzaoglu NS. Relationship of difficult laryngoscopy to long-term non-insulin-dependent diabetes and hand abnormality detected using the 'prayer sign'. Br J Anaesth 2003;91:159-60.
Baig MM, Khan FH. To compare the accuracy of prayer's sign and Mallampatti test in predicting difficult intubation in diabetic patients. J Pak Med Assoc 2014;64:879-83.
[Table 1], [Table 2], [Table 3], [Table 4], [Table 5]
Materials and Me...
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Louis Énault (1824 - 28 March 1900) was a French journalist, novelist and translator. He sometimes used the pseudonym Louis de Vernon.

Life
Born in Isigny-sur-Mer, he trained as a lawyer in Paris and then, thanks to his links with the right-wing Legitimists, was arrested after the French Revolution of 1848. After his release he traveled in northern Europe and the Mediterranean, visiting Liguria in 1850 and giving a long description of Genoa's historic city centre in his travel journal Brève vision hivernale d'un voyageur normand. On his return to France in 1851, he was made a doctor of letters at Caen University after writing a thesis on Aeschylus.

Énault became a prominent man of letters, publishing fiction, nonfiction, and translations. He collaborated with Gustave Doré to produce an illustrated 1876 work on the industrial revolution in London, widely admired for the realism of its over 170 woodcuts and for its text, comparing London's architecture with the neoclassical monuments Énault had visited in Valletta on Malta during his travels on French medieval crusader routes. His translations into French included Uncle Tom's Cabin and The Sorrows of Young Werther.

He also wrote as an arts and literary critic for several publications including la Vie à la campagne, Le Nord (published in Belgium), Le Constitutionnel, La Gazette, Le Figaro and L'Illustration. In his "Chronique" column for La revue des jeux, des arts et du sport, Énault wrote a fiery rebuke of Émile Zola, occasioned by the production of a play based on Zola's novel l'Assommoir:We must descend…to arrive at the thin personality of M. Zola, who would like to be the ox, but who is still only the frog.…L'Ambigu, who was never more comical, has just given us l'Assommoir.…It will perhaps mark the zenith of the most abject literary school [naturalism] that has ever held the attention of contemporaries. I do not think that her reign is long: disgust awaits her, and she will soon fall into it. M. Zola…who combines cynicism and platitude, sees in nature only the despicable and coarse. He prefers the polluted trickle of suburbs to the pure water of great lakes….He wallows voluptuously in all the turpitudes he cares to imagine, and drags his audience with him. This is a morbid case like scabies, like malignant and purulent pustules, or leprosy: it presents a case for the clinic, not the critic. We treat these people, but  we don't talk about it in good company.…We have, in fact, too much respect for our readers to condemn them to an analysis of a piece like L'Assommoir.…These promiscuities without modesty and without love, these debauches without passion, these tableaux of rudeness thats revolt the delicate, these bad mores of the lowest order, without elegance, without grace and without varnish, these bouquets of poisonous plants growing on manure, would offer them only sadness without compensation.

In an open letter responding to Énault's diatribe,  identified Énault as the polar opposite of Zola: "You, my dear Énault, [are] the official painter of worldly elegance, the poet of veiled and delicate feelings, the historiographer of aristocratic adventures, the idealistic writer par excellence…."

Énault died in Paris. Celebrated in his lifetime but afterward little known, he is cited by Jules Romains as an example of a writer who knew notoriety and even glory but whose name meant nothing to the following generation.

Works

Works translated into English
The Pupil of the Legion of Honor, novel, translated by Mrs. Rebecca L. Tutt, with a preface by Énault (1871)
Christine, novel, translated by Elizabeth W. Pendleton (1883)
The Captain's Dog, a Story for Young and Old, novel, translated by Huntington Smith (1888); another translaiton (1880) is credited to J.A.A.
Carine, a Story of Sweden, novel, translated by Linda da Kowalewska (1891)

Arts and history
Eschyle (1851)
Le Salon de 1852 (1852)
Le Salon de 1853 (1853)
Mémoires et correspondance de madame d'Épinay, précédées d'une étude sur sa vie et ses œuvres (1855) Online version
Paris brûlé par la Commune (1871)
Les Arts industriels : Vienne, Londres, Paris (1877)
Les Beaux-Arts à l'Exposition universelle de 1878 (1878)
Guide du Salon (3 volumes, 1880-1882)
Paris-Salon (2 volumes, 1881-1883)

Travel writing

Promenades en Belgique et sur les bords du Rhin (1852)
La Terre-Sainte, voyage des quarante pèlerins en 1853 (1854) Texte en ligne
Constantinople et la Turquie, tableau de l'Empire ottoman (1855)
De Paris à Caen (1856)
La Norvège (1857)
Les Îles Hébrides (1858)
La Vierge du Liban (1858)
Angleterre, Écosse, Irlande, voyage pittoresque (1859)
De Paris à Cherbourg, itinéraire historique et descriptif (1859)
Nadèje (1859)
Alba (1860) online version
Histoire de la littérature des Hindous (1860)
L'Inde pittoresque (1861)
Frantz Müller [collaboration with Auguste de Châtillon] suivi du Rouet d'or et de Axel (1862) online version
En province (1863)
La Méditerranée, ses îles et ses bords (1863)
L'Amérique centrale et méridionale (1867) Texte en ligne
Londres, illustrated by Gustave Doré (1876)
Après la mort. L'Enfer d'après des doctrines danoises et anglaises (1888)

Fiction and works for the stage
La Rose blanche (1857)
Christine (1858)
La Rose blanche. Frère Jean. Les Amours de Chiffonnette (1858) online version
Hermine (1860) online version
L'Amour en voyage (1860)
Un amour en Laponie (1861) online version
Pêle-mêle, novels (1862)
La Rose blanche. Inès. Une larme, ou Petite pluie abat grand vent (1863)
Le Roman d'une veuve (1867)
Un drame intime (1867)
Le Mariage impromptu, stage comedy (1863)
Olga (1864)
Irène. Un mariage impromptu (1865)
La Pupille de la Légion d'honneur (2 volumes, 1869)
Histoire d'une femme (1872)
Les Perles noires (1872)
Le Secret de la confession (1872)
Stella (1873)
La Destinée (1873)
Le Baptême du sang (2 volumes, 1873)
La Vie à deux. Les Malheurs de Rosette. Les Aventures de Madeleine. La Race maudite (1874)
La Circassienne (2 volumes, 1877)
La Veuve (1877)
Le Chien du capitaine. Trop curieux. Les Roses du docteur. Le Mont Saint-Michel (1880)
Cordoval (serialised in Le Figaro in summer 1882, published by Hachette in November 1882)Les Diamants de la couronne (1884)Histoire d'amour (1884)Le Châtiment (1887)Valneige (1887)Le Château des anges (1889)Le Sacrifice (1890)Tragiques amours (1891)Le Mirage (1892)Jours d'épreuves (1894)La Tresse bleue. Aimée. La Chandelle romaine. Le Noël des oiseaux. Le Carnaval arlésien. Une rose au cap Nord. Un gentilhomme (1896)Pour un ! (1897)Le Rachat d'une âme (1897)Myrto (1898)Hôtel Ritz, place Vendôme 15, Paris (1899)Un drame au Marais (1899)

Translations
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe : Werther (1855)
Harriet Beecher Stowe : La Case de l'oncle Tom, ou Vie des nègres en Amérique (1859)

References

Sources
"Biographical Notice" in Le chien du capitaine by Louis Enault, Toronto: The W.J. Gage Company, undated, pp. v-vi.
 Chamberlain, A.F. "Sketch of Énault's Life and Works" in Le chien du capitaine by Louis Enault, Toronto: W.J. Gage & Co., 1890, pp. 1-2.
 Fontaine, C. Preface, Le chien du capitaine by Louis Enault, Boston: D.C. Heath & Co., 1903, pp. 3-4.

External links

Book review of Énault's Un Amour en Laponie in The North American Review'', Oct., 1862.

1824 births
1900 deaths
People from Isigny-sur-Mer
19th-century French journalists
French travel writers
19th-century French novelists
English–French translators
English–German translators
19th-century French dramatists and playwrights
19th-century translators


Afshin Zivi, Gholamreza Farahani, Kooroush Manochehri "The Role of SSL/TLS, IPsec & IKEv2 Protocols in Security of E-learning System's Communications, A Study & Simulation Approach". International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology (IJCTT) V50(1):20-33, August 2017. ISSN:2231-2803. www.ijcttjournal.org. Published by Seventh Sense Research Group.
E-learning is a new educational concept that provides digital content and learner-centered environment for both student and teacher. Security on all systems is an important way to organize it, since internet as the backbone of all systems is considered unsafe and in fact transfers all the communicational transactions in the e-learning system, thus intruders and attackers can abuse security holes, and cause troubles for the system. E-learning system must be secure against threats and manipulations by intruders as well as to protect student privacy. Security is a basic principle in the development of networks, however, the lack of security procedures that can be easily implemented, is fully tangible, and because, an e-learning system mainly provides services through its varied services' networks to users, so the lack of security mechanisms can cause irreparable damage to the system. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the protocols of SSL/TLS, IPsec, and IKEv2 to secure communications of e-learning system. It should be noted that all obtained solutions including securing e-learning system with the help of the above-mentioned protocols is based on the administrative-technical model presented in the previous study.
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 A. E. S. Khedr, 'Towards Three Dimensional Analyses for Applying E-Learning Evaluation Model: The Case of E-Learning in Helwan University' International Journal of Computer Science Issues (IJCSI), Vol. 9, Issue 4, 2012.
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 Z. F. Zamzuri, M. Manaf, A. Ahmad, Y. Yunus, 'Computer Security Threats Towards the E-learning System Assets' Communications In Computer and Information Science, Vol. 180, pp. 335-345, 2011.
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 C. C. Lim, J. S. Jin, 'A Study on Applying Software Security to Information System: E-learning Portals' International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, Vol. 6, No. 3B, 2006.
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E-learning system, security, SSL/TLS protocol, IPsec protocol, IKEv2 protocol.