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THANK YOU to everyone that helped make the 2019 Legislative Summit a HUGE Success!
Updated Highlights are COMING SOON!
Membership in the Tennessee Nurses Association and the American Nurses Association will keep you up-to-date on legislation affecting the nursing practice. Join Today!
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Whether your packing for vacation or planning for a night out after a relaxing day at the beach or by the pool, learning to style versatile pieces that can easily transition from day to night is so important! If you've never worn a swim cover-up as a dress, I encourage you to give it a try…you'll be pleasantly surprised how easy it is to take a cover-up from a casual day by the beach or pool to a night out!
My sweet friend Hunter, of Hunter Premo, and I will be sharing how to wear a cover-up in your 20's and 30's and how to elevate your look for nighttime as well! This is the second installation for our #HunterBrookeStyled series and if you missed the first one about styling graphic tees, you can check that out HERE!
As you can see, cover-ups if not sheer, etc., are completely acceptable to wear for a night out as well! Taking a cover-up from day to night is simple…add a heel, a fun clutch or handbag, and a pair of statement earrings and voila! You have now taken the same cover-up you wore down to the beach or pool and elevated it for nighttime!
For daytime, you will keep your look a bit more simple. Wear your cover-up over your swimsuit, grab your favorite sun hat and sunglasses, remove your jewelry, and wear a pair of flat sandals and your look is daytime chic!
When you travel, you can save space by packing and planning to wear pieces like coverups that offer so much versatility. All cover-ups aren't created equal so when thinking of wearing a coverup for a night out, just be sure that it isn't too sheer or that it doesn't show too much skin. After all, the goal is for no one to know that you are actually wearing a swim coverup to dinner and ladies, we must keep it classy!
Have you ever worn a swim coverup for something other than a trip to the beach or pool?! If not, are you inspired to try this?


Well that was... an idea...: Hey look, it's a door!
and I need to dig up some weatherstripping for the bottom. Also I should build a cutout for the latch jamb so it actually latches. But look! What an improvement! (Ignore the rest of the porch).
...and finally got the windows installed upstairs. My tenants can breath again. Hooray for breathing.
Ed note - man those are lousy pictures. I'll try and take some better ones when I'm done with the last bits of hardware.


text:
Q: Tool/Procedure To Determine OS Binary Present On External Disk Partition(s) Any ideas on how to go about determining the OS Binary Present On External Disk Partitions; other than mounting a partition, and comparing actually file sizes between various files resting on comparison file systems? The partition table of disk where I've got partitions that I'm curious about, each hosts a different a different OS version, and is buggered; thus can't be booted. They are mountable, from the disk from which I am currently booted, however.
Douglas Randall
(odoncaoa@yahoo.com)

A: From the comments...
For Ubuntu, if you look into the /boot directory in each partition, you'll find files encoded with the version information in the filename. Like so...
$ ls /boot
config-4.18.0-14-generic               memtest86+.bin
config-4.18.0-15-generic               memtest86+.elf
efi                                    memtest86+_multiboot.bin
grub                                   System.map-4.18.0-14-generic
initrd.img-4.18.0-14-generic           System.map-4.18.0-15-generic
initrd.img-4.18.0-14-generic.old-dkms  vmlinuz-4.18.0-14-generic
initrd.img-4.18.0-15-generic           vmlinuz-4.18.0-15-generic

In this example, 4.18.0-15-generic is the most recent OS binary installed on this partition.

Extra credit...
To fix potentially messed up Linux partitions...

*

*boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB

*open a terminal window

*type sudo fdisk -l

*identify the /dev/XXXX device name for your "Linux Filesystem"

*type sudo fsck -f /dev/XXXX # replacing XXXX with the number you found earlier

*repeat the fsck command if there were errors

*type reboot

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A nomination for the Donald Michie and Alan Turing Prize for Life Achievements in Slovenian Information Society (short Michie-Turing prize) may be submitted by any person who meets the Eligibility criteria. A nomination will consist of details of the named candidate together with a written case of at most one page summarising the candidates key achievements in the field of Information Sciences. Candidates may not nominate themselves. A letter of invitation to submit is not required.
The names of the nominees and other information about the nominations cannot be revealed to the public. Process of Nomination and Selection The Organising Committee of the Information society multi-conference is responsible for the selection of eligible candidates.
The Organising Committee and the Programming Committee of the Information society multiconference are responsible for the choice of the Michie-Turing Prize recipients. The Michie-Turing Prize is awarded at the Opening Ceremony of the yearly multi-conference Information society. Who is eligible for the Prize The candidates eligible for the Miche-Turing Prize are those submitted by qualified nominators fulfilling the Eligibility criteria (see below). No one can nominate himself or herself.
How are the Michie-Turing Recipients selected?
1. Till the annual summer meeting of the Programming and the Organising Committee, the President of the Organising Committee of the Information Society multi-conference accepts proposals of all members of the Programming and Organising Committee of the IS conference.
2. At the annual summer meeting of the Programming and the Organising Committee, any member of the Programming and the Organising Committee can propose additional candidates.
3. Any present member of the Programming and the Organising Committee can object with veto to any of the proposals if there exists a reasonable argumentation.
4. Each proposed nominee has to be confirmed by the present members of the Programming and the Organising Committee with majority of votes.
5. A list of potential nominees is formed at the annual summer meeting of the Programming and the Organising Committee. The list should consist of at least three and less than seven nominees.
6. The Programming Committee also names a Review board that reviews the nominees.
7. Each nominee is asked for agreement with the candidature in less than one month. The Organising Committee is delegated for asking the nominees.
8. The Review board is asked to analyze whether the candidates are eligible for the award. The Review board can eliminate nominees not meeting the desired scientific and development criteria and report the modified list in one month to the Organising Committee. The Review board cannot propose less than two candidates to the Organising Committee.
9. The Organising Committee and the Review board organize an argumentation for the proposed candidates.
10. The list of nominees and the argumentation highlighting their contributions is submitted by a member of the OC to all members of the Programming Committee and Organising Committee through electronic mail for voting. One member of the Organising committee (the president excluded) receives votes through email.
11. Voting is anonymous in the sense that only the chosen member of the Organising Committee sees the voting. Reporting can be performed as to regard the number of votes submitted for each candidate. In case of complaint, a special board can be named to verify the voting.
Disclosure of information about the nominations is restricted. The restriction concerns the nominees and nominators, as well as investigations and opinions related to the award of a prize.
Candidates for nominations are those that contributed significantly to the information society in Slovenia and abroad.
Potentially of other professions related to information society.
Employed in the governmental sector.


text:
Q: AlloyUI: react to node - click event in Diagram Builder i want to react in a different way to the event when a user clicks on a node in the diagram builder.
I know how to create custom nodes (I found the discussion here on stackoverflow) but I do not know how to overwrite the code that gets called when a user clicks the node.
I tried it with extending the "custom node" example :
 Y.DiagramNodeCustom = Y.Component.create({
    NAME: 'diagram-node',

    ATTRS: {
        type: {
            value: 'custom'
        },
    },
    on: {
  render: function(event) {                        alert('render node');
     },
      click: function(event) {                        alert('click node');
     },
      select: function(event) {                        alert('select node');
     }

    },

    EXTENDS: Y.DiagramNodeTask
});

... but no luck
Who can tell me how I can replace the click event listener ?

A: you can change the function on the library
_onNodeClick: function(event) {
    var instance = this;
    //get the object
    var diagramNode = A.Widget.getByNode(event.currentTarget);
    //mark as selected
    instance.select(diagramNode);
    //open edit pannel
    instance._onNodeEdit(event);

    event.stopPropagation();
},


text:
Our office is open. At Clement Law Center, the safety and wellbeing of our clients and employees come first. In response to COVID-19, court hearings and all conferences with client and prospective clients will be by phone. We are not conducting in-person court hearings or meetings. Our staff will often be working remotely during this time. Our office will be checking voicemail and will return client calls as soon as possible. We continue to offer free phone consultations.
We offer a 25% discount to First Responders and Health Care Workers
Quality Representation & Individualized Advocacy You Can Depend On
Contempt of Court/Enforcement
Mediation and Collaborative Law
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Mediation/Alternative Dispute Resolution
Grandparents Rights (Non-Parental Custody)
Parenting Plan Modifications
International & Interstate Custody
Military Custody
Child custody: Jeremy Renner files complaint against ex
On behalf of Clement Law Center | Jun 8, 2020 | Child Custody And Visitation
Washington parents often encounter challenges regarding child-related issues after divorce. Signing a child custody agreement can pertain to any number of topics, such as visitation, legal custody or even financial issues. The latter is the focus in a complaint filed by actor Jeremy Renner regarding his former spouse's handling of monies that were reportedly placed in trust for his daughter.
Renner claims that his ex has unlawfully withdrawn approximately $50,000 in the past two years from a trust set up for the former couple's 7-year-old daughter. The money was apparently not taken all at once, but on several separate occasions. Renner says the funds were transferred to his ex's personal account.
Renner's ex, Sonni Pacheco, is said to have admitted transferring and using the funds held in trust. In an email sent to Renner's business manager, Pacheco stated that she is facing severe financial distress because of legal fees associated with her divorce, and needed the money to provide for her daughter and to pay property taxes. She also stated that she used some of the funds to purchase "essentials" needed for her daughter's birthday celebration.
Renner claims Pacheco has used the money for personal issues that have nothing to do with providing for his daughter. Pacheco adamantly denies the allegations, adding that she is tired of being bullied by Renner and having her reputation damaged because of his supposed lies. Pacheco also said she has grave concerns about her daughter's well-being because of things she has witnessed and things others have supposedly told her they have witnessed while the child has been in her father's care. Child custody cases like this one often lead to messy court battles, especially when both sides are making nasty allegations against each other. Any Washington parent facing similar problems is wise to rely on an experienced family law attorney for support.
Child Custody And Visitation (66)
Military Divorce (11)
Same Sex Couples & Divorce (15)
The divorce process doesn't have to cost an arm and a leg
Could nesting make sense for your family?
Grandparents' custody rights in Washington
Do children get a say in custody matters?
Tips for protecting high-value assets
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Eligibility: A very good result in their Bachelor's. Students must belong to the best 10 percent of their Bachelor's programme.
Selection Process: The applications are evaluated by the Admissions Committees of the respective Master's programmes. The final decision for awarding scholarships in the Excellence Scholarship & Opportunity Programme and in the Master Scholarship Programme rests with the Rector of the ETH. The number of annual scholarships depends on the availability of funds.
Duration of Scholarship: The scholarship begins when the student commences his or her Master's degree and is awarded for the regular duration of the Master's programme (three or four semesters).
How to Apply: You can only apply for an Excellence Scholarship & Opportunity Programme or a Master Scholarship Programme if you, at the same time, apply for a Master's degree programme at ETH Zurich (or if you, as an ETH Bachelor student, continue with a consecutive Master's degree programme). If you are already enrolled in a Master's degree programme at ETH Zurich, you are not eligible to apply for this scholarship anymore.
Please note that your application must arrive at the Financial Aid Office two working days after the application deadline (i.e. Monday, December 19, 2016).
Award Provider: ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
Now that all the information about ETH Zurich Excellence Scholarship & Opportunity Programme for International Students has been delivered nicely; talented students who are eager to pursue their Free Tuition/Scholarships/Study in Switzerland for Masters, PhD, doctoral or postdoctoral level, Associate Degree and Other Degrees, can apply now.


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EmmaTaylorXxoRedScarletxoPipeCoolArletFont .BESTCREATUREts2indianspiceLoryWondrefulBBEmmaTaylorX .HakaDevBoyxxcrazycindi1xxKendraCroftJhonnyboy007 .BriannandXavi2horneybabysAlessiadiorMistressMelyssa .JiaKaiPipeCoolhugetits4funEmmaTaylorX .HakaDevBoyBriannandXaviSashaGrey251YummyGirl .LadyJoyXsexbombx4uHakaDevBoyBlondeBarbieUA .MissShandieTheBestGiirlsChloeSaphireMaryoryHot01 .BESTCREATUREtsxxcrazycindi1xxLoveSweetBaby2indianspice .PipeCoolShinySusanGoddessAryannasexbombx4u .JakeHarristsJASMINqueenLoveSweetBabyqueenBellas .


text:
Apple's Tim Cook Will Take A 50% Pay Hit After Shareholder Comments | Apple
Leave a Comment / Business / By admin
Apple chief executive Tim Cook is expected to see his salary cut by almost 50% this year to around $49m (£40m) after the billionaire boss asked the company to "adjust his compensation in light of comments from disappointed shareholders. due to the fall in the price of the company's shares.
Cook, 62, who became chief executive after co-founder Steve Jobs stepped down before his death in 2011, was paid $99.4 million in 2022 and $98.8 million in 2021. But the company said in a regulatory filing Thursday night that had set "target compensation" of $49 million by 2023.
"The compensation committee balanced shareholder feedback, Apple's exceptional performance, and a recommendation from Mr. Cook to adjust his compensation in light of the feedback received," Apple said in the filing.
Cook's annual base salary and bonus will remain unchanged at $3 million and $6 million, respectively. But the "targeted" amount he will receive in stock-based bonuses will drop from $75 million last year to $40 million next year.
The amount awarded in stock bonuses will also depend more on Apple's stock price performance than last year. Now, 75% of the stock bonus depends on the performance of Apple's stock market, up from 50% last year.
Apple shares have fallen 23% in the past 12 months to $133.41 as of Thursday's close, raising concerns among some shareholders.
The company said 64% of shareholders backed its pay plans at its annual meeting last year, but acknowledged there had been a "notable decline year-over-year as our annual 'say on pay' proposals have received much higher levels of shareholder support — for many years."
Last year, shareholder advisory service Institutional Shareholder Services urged investors to vote against Cook's pay package, saying there were "significant concerns" about the "design and scale" of the package. ISS noted that Cook was paid 1,447 times more than the average Apple employee.
Apple said it had reached out to investors to hear their concerns. "Those shareholders we spoke to who did not support our 2022 'say on pay' proposal consistently cited the size and structure of the 2021 and 2022 stock awards awarded to Mr. Cook as the primary reason for their decision to vote," the company said.
"Balancing shareholder feedback, a desire to continue to create meaningful performance and retention incentives, and Mr. Cook's support for changes to his compensation to reflect feedback received, the compensation committee maintained the cash components of Mr. Cook's compensation by 2023 and lowered his target capital award grant value," it added.
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Cook's total payment of $99.4 million last year included $630,600 in personal security costs and $712,500 in use of private jets. Her 2022 salary was slightly higher than the $98.8 million raised in 2021, but was more than 570% higher than the $14.7 million she earned in 2020.
Cook, who has a personal fortune of more than $1 billion, according to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index, has said he plans to give away his entire fortune before he dies. In 2015, he told Fortune magazine that he planned to donate all of his wealth to charity after helping his 10-year-old nephew's education.
Quordle Today: See every Quordle answer and clue for January 27th.
Ripples in space-time may reveal when time actually began: ScienceAlert
Tegas partners with the Peneraju Foundation to empower tech talent in Sarawak


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David Lee Roth Posts New Song, "One Piece Thermo-Molded Country Plastic Chair"
In a surprise move, Van Halen frontman David Lee Roth has just posted a brand new song online. Stream "One Piece Thermo-Molded Country Plastic Chair" below.
The track was uploaded as part of Roth's ongoing web series, the aptly named Roth Show. The song, which was co-written with Scotty Emerick, is dedicated "to all who are affected by and recovering from Hurricane Sandy."
Van Halen were forced to postpone all touring activities after Eddie Van Halen was forced to undergo emergency surgery following an acute attack of diverticulitis back in August. Eddie is expected to make a full recovery, and the band look to be back on the road sometime in 2013.
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Zhongtai T600 self-service car wash experience 9 yuan to get a car wash is true?
Suzhou car maintenance and maintenance professional shop recommended!
Can save a lot of gasoline. Pay attention to maintenance and driving skills.
Unmanned car washes are popular all over the country. What is the big box "waxing service"?


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Violence Flares After Israeli Operation In Gaza Turns Deadly
By Sasha Ingber
Published November 12, 2018 at 1:36 PM PST
Tsafrir Abayov
An Israeli soldier stands near a burning bus that was hit by a mortar shell fired from Gaza on Monday.
Updated at 5:50 a.m. ET on Tuesday
Militants in Gaza fired rockets into Israel for a second day on Tuesday as Israel bombed targets in the Palestinian territory — a round of violence prompted by an Israeli military operation over the weekend that caused the deaths of seven Palestinians and one Israeli.
It is unclear why Israeli special forces entered the town of Khan Younis in the Gaza Strip on Sunday and why a firefight erupted. "The special operation yesterday was not intended to kill or abduct terrorists, but to strengthen Israeli security," a spokesperson said, adding that the battle was "very complex."
The Israeli forces entered Gaza in a civilian vehicle and were stopped by members of Hamas' military wing, the Izzaldin al-Qassam Brigades, according to the Islamist group, long considered a terrorist organization by the United States. Hamas says the Israelis opened fire on Palestinians who "tried to thwart the attack."
An Israeli officer was killed in the exchange of fire. "The citizens of Israel owe him a huge debt," said Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, who made an early exit from Paris, where he and other world leaders were commemorating the end of World War I.
Hamas called the operation an "assassination of a senior leader." It said a local Palestinian commander, 37-year-old Nour Baraka, was killed, and six others also died. Five of the men were affiliated with Hamas and one person was a member of the Popular Resistance Committees, according to Reuters.
As their burials got underway, thousands of mourners stood alongside camouflaged gunmen and chanted "revenge," according to The Associated Press.
"What is being done by the Palestinian resistance proves that it is prepared and ready to defend the Palestinians," Hamas Spokesman Fawzi Barhoum said Sunday.
Since Monday, some 400 rockets from Gaza were launched into southern Israel, the country's military said, adding that about 100 of them had been intercepted by Israel's Iron Dome defense system. Air raid sirens were sounded across the region, and nearby schools closed and train service halted.
Hamas media said that rockets hit a house in Israel, and the military posted a video on social media of "multiple Israeli homes" that were hit.
RAW FOOTAGE: The skies of southern Israel RIGHT NOW. Dozens of rockets are being fired from #Gaza at Israeli civilians. pic.twitter.com/Iu6QwzUo8l
— Israel Defense Forces (@IDF) November 12, 2018
Israel's military announced that it had dispatched fighter jets and was "striking terror targets in the Gaza Strip" – including compounds, observation posts and a rocket launching squad. The military said more than 70 militant targets in the Gaza Strip were hit, Naomi Zeveloff reports for NPR from Tel Aviv.
As the day progressed, both sides saw the reported number of casualties rise.
Palestinian health officials said that two people were killed and three others wounded in the Israeli strikes, Reuters reports.
In Israel, at least 10 people were injured in the rocket attacks, the news service reports, citing medical officials. A 19-year-old man was severely wounded after a mortar shell hit a bus, whose driver had a panic attack and was also taken to the hospital, according to the Times of Israel.
Monday's clash came days after Hamas had quieted recent protests along the Israeli border and Israel was allowing more aid to flow into Gaza. The AP says the United Nations and Egypt are trying to mediate an end to this latest outburst of violence.
Adel Hana / AP
Palestinians inspect a crater made Monday by an Israeli strike east of Khan Younis, in the Gaza Strip.
Sasha Ingber
Sasha Ingber is a reporter on NPR's breaking news desk, where she covers national and international affairs of the day.
See stories by Sasha Ingber


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Geeks and Gamers' Jeremy suspended on Twitter after posting The Last of Us 2 memes
Twitter continues to allow Sony to abuse the DMCA system.
Geeks + Gamers YouTube channel's Jeremy has announced that his Twitter account has been suspended.
This is almost the "gold standard" of Twitter behavior, and when accounts are punished in such a non-transparent way, all that's left is to speculate why that may have happened.
Jeremy prefaces this by saying that he is, in fact, happy to be suspended from Twitter – because the channel has launched its own website, and would clearly like to reroute some of the social media traffic onto its own web property.
He also shared that users were showing great interest in following the channel to the site, with thousands of sign-ups, and hundreds of premium tier users even before the site officially launched and had any content, while an app is also coming – expedited by Twitter's ban.
But for now, he decided to dig deeper into the Twitter suspension to demonstrate how it operates and why he doesn't want to be there.
He says that the first account received a DMCA takedown email shortly before Twitter suspended it.
Jeremy adds that he has been receiving many of these copyright notices lately – over some memes that US game developer Naughty Dog does not want shared.
We've documented Sony and Naughty Dog's abuse of the DMCA over memes several times.
Twitter first removed the content that was struck with the DMCA notices, and then locked his account, inviting him to review Twitter's policy in order to have it unlocked.
Jeremy went through this process, and then posted an image of Twitter's account-locked message, tweeting at the same time, "Lol fuck Naughty Dog."
Mere minutes later, the account was suspended. That means that he can access the account (which now counts 0 followers and 0 following), but cannot go to the inbox or see notifications.
To other users, his account is inaccessible.
Jeremy says he doesn't plan on returning to Twitter even if they reinstate his presence there – but that he appealed the suspension anyway to find out "what was the reasoning behind it," since the social platform gave no clues.
And the only explanation for now is that Twitter must have banned him for sharing memes which Naughty Dog, to make things worse, false-flagged, this creator said.
UK government pressured news outlets that published articles that could "affect compliance" with Covid measures


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Community Care Clinic
Step TN Syringe Exchange
Strides of March
Arts for CARES
Cempa in the News: The Chattanoogan
Local nonprofit The Chattery is teaming up with Cempa Community Care for National Black HIV/AIDS Awareness Day to show a portion of The End of AIDS?, a six-part documentary series in which PBS NewsHour traveled to six places across the world to find stories of those in the middle of the AIDS epidemic. . .…
cempa January 31, 2019
Cempa in the News: WRCBTV
Minority communities are still disproportionately impacted when it comes to H-I-V and other medical conditions. now one local organization has launched a new program to help close the gap. . . . Read the full article by clicking here!
Cempa in the News: Times Free Press
Despite living in the area of nearly 1,700 nonprofits, three hospitals and countless medical providers, minorities in Hamilton County experience much higher rates of disease and poor health than their white counterparts. But some members of Chattanooga's religious community want to change those statistics. Representatives from 13 different local churches gathered at Cempa Community Care…
Cempa in the News: POZ
Thanks to a grant from the Tennessee Department of Health, a new faith-based program called Cempa Talks is launching in Chattanooga to address HIV disparities among the African-American and Latino communities. . . . Read the full article by clicking here!
cempa January 4, 2019
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Caring for the Whole Person: Support Services at Cempa
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Trump Program Broadens Access to HIV Prevention Meds
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What to Do If You've Been Exposed to HIV
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Too often, when a couple settles a custody matter, deciding on joint legal custody, regardless of residential custody, the judge says: "Unless you provide for who has final say if the parties do not agree, I will not approve it." When asked why, the response is: "Because from my experience, joint custody does not work." Once one parent has final say, it is no longer joint custody.
The only experience a judge has is with problems and those situations which do not work. No one comes back to the judge years later to say: "Hey, our situation worked, thank you for approving it." Judges only see the problems, not the successes. Joint custody is more than just face saving. It benefits the children most.
Statistically, those with joint legal custody have a child(ren) who is extra emotionally and psychologically healthy because both parents are involved as much as possible. More importantly, the highest rate of child support payment and compliance is in situations with true joint legal custody. Further, statistically, the smallest rate of post divorce litigation is among those with joint legal custody. Of course judges would not know this, they do not see the happy endings, they only see the problem cases that come back.
A closed minded bench, is a biased bench.
The writer was a custodial dad.


text:
Login

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Q: Implementing Web Services with spring without using spring-remoting-2.0.8.jar as this jar is not released by spring community We are trying to implement Web Services with spring and axis.
As a reference we used THIS SITE.Here they have suggested to implement end point by extending ServletEndpointSupport as below
import org.springframework.remoting.jaxrpc.ServletEndpointSupport;

public class SpringWSEndPoint extends ServletEndpointSupport
{
}

But the class org.springframework.remoting.jaxrpc.ServletEndpointSupport is from the JAR spring-remoting-2.0.8.jar which is not released by spring frame work in latest release.
we know that spring-remoting  became a part of spring-context, so newer versions are released with spring-context.
My question is
How can we implement the same using Spring-context jar ?
What is equivalent class of ServletEndpointSupport in Spring-context jar?
Immediate help will be highly appreciated.
Thanks in Advance!

A: I'd suggest using Spring-WS - especially since ServletEndpointSupport was deprecated - http://forum.spring.io/forum/other-spring-related/remoting/78249-deprecation-of-servletendpointsupport
You can explore spring-ws: http://projects.spring.io/spring-ws/
Converting these to RESTful services isn't too complicated either.


text:
Dokumentiert	18. März 2014 | Peter Baldwin
Berner Übereinkunft
How Europe won the copyright wars
Peter Baldwin. Foto: Stefan Maria Rother
We are in the midst of a furious battle over copyright and authors' rights on both sides of the Atlantic. Like every generation, we are historically blinkered. We think that the new digital technologies of transmission are so revolutionary that they have created an unprecedented situation. But in fact such battles are almost three centuries old.
Der folgende Gastbeitrag basiert auf dem Vortrag, den Peter Baldwin vergangene Woche bei der Veranstaltung "The Copyright Wars" im Rahmen der "neuen Weltbühne" in Berlin hielt. Peter Baldwin ist Historiker und Professor an der University of California, Los Angeles. Im iRights.info-Interview spricht Peter Baldwin über Open Access.
In the 18th century, battles of the booksellers were fought in England, France and Germany. Publishers supported the idea that works belonged to authors like property, because that way they could buy them from authors and own them forever. Strong authorial rights were supported by both writers and their publishers in a way that would, if successful, have eliminated the public domain altogether.
Half a century later, in the 1830s, came the battle in Britain over how long authors and rights holders should enjoy their claims. A titanic parliamentary struggle was fought over five or six years. The British copyright term then was 28 years after publication, or life. Thomas Talfourd, Member of Parliament, wanted to give authors a juicy extension of that to 60 years postmortem.
Thomas Babington Macaulay, the famous historian, was one of the great orators of all times and carried parliament with him with a series of speeches that remain classics to this day. He charged that long copyright terms were "tax on readers for the purpose of giving a bounty to writers." Broadly speaking, his position won.
U.S. ripped European literature off on an industrial scale
In the 19th century, America debated copyright endlessly. First and foremost, the Americans did not have copyright for foreign authors. It was deliberate government policy to pirate European literature. Since they did not extend copyright to foreign authors, books could be made cheaper.
The United States had the world's largest literate reading public and the biggest publishing industry by far and it ripped European literature off on an industrial scale. It was the China of its day, but even more so, because it made a political virtue of piracy. The Americans claimed that piracy was part of democracy and universal enlightenment, and that what they were doing was socially justified. The Chinese do not pretend that they are doing anything other than making money.
Print runs of books in America were generally four times the size of the British, and they cost only a quarter of the London price. American books were so inexpensive that they were often bought for a railroad journey, then thrown away. Charles Dickens novels were printed on the back of train tables. Entire novels were printed on broadsheets like New World and Brother Jonathan. The cost of a year's subscription was a dollar, much less than a single novel at British prices.
American piracy didn't affect just the English. German Americans were able to read Goethe and Schiller in cheaper editions than could Germans in Germany. That might be OK for the classics of the 18th Century, but it held equally for then living authors, who were also being pirated by the Americans.
Johann Dietz, founder of the publishing company, was so frustrated that he said to the Americans, "If we pay for your wheat, then you damn well have to pay for our literature." In conclusion: We are not only fighting copyright wars now, we have been doing so from the very beginning of copyright, back in the early 18th century.
Who won the copyright wars?
The first thing to note is that, at the most general level, primary authors and disseminators have been the undisputed victors. If we look at the duration of the protection received by rights holders, authors and disseminators, their claims have gone ever upward.
Copyright terms started as quite modest: 14 years after publication in the first English copyright law of 1710 and the first US law of 1790. But they have increased merrily ever since then. Today in all EU nations and the U.S. they are 70 years postmortem for a normal copyright term. The author owns his work in most cases for well over a century.
The Berne Union as main international copyright union
The most recent leap taken upwards in durations came in the 1990s. The Berne Union is the main international copyright union. Its minimum term is 50 years post mortem. In 1993, the EU decided to extend that by two decades to 70 years, and in 1998 the U.S. followed suit.
In the American debates, it is commonly thought that this was a reform undertaken as part of a nefarious plot by Hollywood to expand its property rights. The bill that extended copyright terms to 70 in the U.S. is the so-called Sonny Bono Act, named after the singer and then Republican congressman and eager defender of long terms. It is often referred to as the Mickey Mouse act, because Disney lobbied extensively on its behalf.
The Bono act: a sad attempt by the Americans to keep up with the EU
The content industries support term extensions. But the Bono act was the sad attempt by the Americans to keep up with the EU. American rights holders eagerly sought the same long terms as the Europeans. The Europeans, in turn, were following the ever upward ratchet effect of increasing protection that in this case had been inaugurated entirely unilaterally by the Germans in 1965.
The 1965 copyright law passed in the Federal Republic was based on a bill drawn up during the Nazi regime in 1939. This, the postwar Germans now tweaked and finally passed. Hitler's regime had adopted the 50 year term in 1934. Richard Strauss, head of the Reichskulturkammer, had been an enthusiastic supporter of long terms.
Now, after the war, reformers wanted to demonstrate that the Federal Republic had turned its back on the Third Reich's totalitarian populism and show how supportive they were of high culture. They adopted an extra 20 years for authors in part to dampen down eager opinion in Germany that was still lobbying for perpetual authorial rights. 70 year terms were meant as a compromise for everlasting terms.
The longest term within the EU became the norm
Once this had passed, no nation in the EU could stomach the prospect of facing down German authors and especially the powerful German publishing industry to get shorter terms. Thus the longest term then in effect within the EU became the norm for all EU nations, and from there also for the U.S.
The length and duration of copyright is only the most convenient way of looking at the increasing claims that have been granted authors and rights owners. In all other respects, too, these have become ever stronger. Copyright has also broadened to all sorts of new works. It began by covering mainly books. But it was extended also to engravings, paintings, maps, sculptures, photos, speeches, musical compositions, architecture, and then eventually in the past century, to sound recordings, films, computer programs, databases.
At the same time, authors' claims also deepened. Not only was each kind of work protected against verbatim copies, but variations and derivations of works were also increasingly covered. In the beginning only verbatim, exact copies of printed works were protected. Thus in the beginning, translations were permitted. They were considered new and separate works.
But starting already in the early 19th century, translations fell under the author's control as derivative variations of his original. That expansion then continued so that the author received protection for largely all derivations: etchings of paintings or sculptures, dramatizations and filmatizations of novels.
Which issues are contemporary battles fought over?
So rights over intellectual property lengthened, broadened and deepened. In these respects primary authors and disseminators have agreed: both liked ever stronger and more expansive rights to works. But in another respect, authors alone have also won, in ways that annoyed disseminators.
Primary authors wanted aesthetic control that remained with them even after they had assigned the economic rights to their works. This aesthetic control they received starting in the late 19th century, when authors were given what came to be known as moral rights to works.
Moral rights were powers granted only to the author, not to the rights holder that he sold his work to. They cannot generally be transferred to disseminators. That means that they curb the author's ability to fully alienate his work. He is simply forbidden by law to transfer all his rights to assignees.
There are four main moral rights: disclosure, attribution, withdrawal and integrity. The overall thrust of moral rights is to continue aesthetic control over works even after the author has sold them. Not only does he retain them, but in some nations, like France, he and then his estate and his heirs, retain the moral rights perpetually.
Anglo-Saxon copyright vs. authors' rights in Europe
Historically seen, there have been two basic approaches to authors and their intellectual property. First, the copyright system of the Anglo-Saxon nations, and second, the authors' rights approach in the major continental nations, especially France and Germany. Traditionally, the copyright systems have not given authors much control over their works.
Copyright has emphasized the efficient exploitation of works, their complete alienation out of the author's control and into the hands of disseminators and their quick transfer to the public domain. In contrast, the authors rights' systems have taken the author as their focus, and they have given them broad and extensive powers both of ownership and control. They have accordingly discounted the demands of the public.
The long history of copyright over the past two centuries has been the gradual erosion of the Anglo-Saxon copyright system and the triumph of European authors rights. The usual view is of European victimhood to American cultural hegemony. But in this case, the opposite is more the case. Four instances of how this is so: moral rights, duration, formalities, fair use.
Moral rights
Moral rights were part of the post-war reform of French and German legislation that was intended explicitly to show how different the continental nations were from the Anglo-Saxons and their mercantilist view of culture. In the meantime they were hotly resisted in the Britain and the U.S. as a needless concession to vain artists that hobbled the efficient exploitation of works. But in the end, as part of membership of the Berne Union, moral rights were grudgingly adopted also in the Anglo-Saxon nations in the 1980s, kicking and screaming the whole way.
Duration terms
Duration terms have increased relentlessly and nations have adopted long terms at different speeds. Britain and the US have had shorter terms than France and Germany and have adopted longer ones only after pressure from Europe and always following the European example. The U.S. has always had a shorter term than the European nations, until it caught up at each extension. Britain had a longer term than the French or the Germans only on a few very short occasions.
The Anglo-Saxon copyright systems traditionally imposed formalities of various sorts before the author was allowed to claim copyright: registering the work, affixing notice of copyright, depositing the work, and the like. In the Anglo-Saxon systems, the point of formalities was to ensure that only those works worth jumping hoops for were kept in private hands and out of the public domain. In the European systems, in contrast, formalities were an abomination. They were an artificial hurdle that stood between authors and their ability to claim their natural rights to their works.
In Anglo-Saxon copyright, in effect, the work was born in the public domain and only those works worth protecting were in fact copyrighted. In the European authors rights systems, all works are born as the private property of the author and become public domain only when protection finally expires.
Here too, the European approach has triumphed. As of 1908, the Berne Convention required that all works be protected from the moment of their creation, without any formalities. That means that today every doodle, scribble and bathtub aria is now protected from the moment of its inspiration without further ado. The UK fell into line already in 1911. The U.S. did so starting in 1976, as it was slowly preparing for membership of the Berne Union.
Finally, and most briefly, fair use: Fair use are the exceptions to their exclusive rights that are forced on authors and that they have to tolerate. Thus, for example, special editions of works are allowed for the handicapped, in braille or large letters, or nowadays in audio versions. Or excerpts can be made for teaching and research purposes.
The general rule is that fair use is much more extensive in the US and to some extent also in the UK than it is in France or Germany. Thus, for example, editions for the handicapped are written into the core of US copyright law. In France, in contrast, the handicapped are allowed to "consult" works designed for their use only for strictly private purposes and only on the premises of authorized publicly accessible establishments like libraries, museums and archives. The handicapped wishing to use such works have to prove their entitlement through elaborate procedures and the institutions that facilitate their access were closely monitored – a very restricted right.
Victory of the European approach
In most respects, then, the European approach has won out: long durations, no formalities, moral rights, a very limited application of fair use.
The victory of the European approach was nailed fast when the Americans broadly adopted it. That happened in the 1990s, under the Clinton administration. And it did so thanks to the conversion of the content industries. Bill Clinton had been elected with strong support from Hollywood and it was now the film and music industry's interests which triumphed.
It was precisely the passage of the American legislation of the 1990s that sparked the latest wave of the copyright wars. Because the new legislation went against the grain of the US copyright tradition, with its emphasis on the public domain, the battles were furious in America. Content corporations fought downloaders and tried to pass laws that would secure their rights.
At the same time this battle was being fought out in America, in Europe, the digital age had not yet not prompted official opinion to change much, if at all. It still remained government policy in France and Germany to support the inherited authors rights tradition and to emphasize strong rights for authors and their assignees. That is why the copyright wars in Europe have come later than they did in the U.S. And it is why they have prompted the rise of Pirate parties to fight the battle from outside the establishment.
Why today's wars?
The protection in law of intellectual property grew both longer, stronger and more expansive over the three centuries from the first copyright law in 1710. Authors and their allies in the content industries would have us believe that this is a perfectly normal development that we should not object to. But precisely how bizarre this development is can be seen by comparing the treatment of intellectual property with conventional property. Intellectual property has been treated very differently, indeed oppositely, to what occurred with conventional, tangible property, especially real property.
During the Enlightenment, conventional property was heralded as a natural right. The point of the state was to preserve it. But since then it has been massively subordinated to society's strictures, starting at the latest in the 20th century. Taxation, eminent domain, health and safety regulation, rent control and the like have all cut into the rights of owners of conventional property. There is very little left of the natural right understanding of conventional property. Nothing remotely like this has happened to owners of intellectual property.
Today's copyright wars are saying, enough. Things have gone too far. Rights holders do not need even stronger or longer property claims. They have plenty already. And seen historically, they are right.
Peter Baldwin: "In zehn Jahren werden wir über Open Access nicht mehr reden müssen"
Musikindustrie: Wie das Urheberrecht sich änderte
Urheber gegen Nutzer: Eine falsche Front


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Unfortunately, the forums (along with the rest of the site) were the subject of a hacking attempt, which resulted in the site being compromised. I've removed everything that was compromised, however, the forums were most likely the initiation point for the hacking attempt. As a result, I've removed the forums and they will be replaced by new ones in the near future.
In the mean time, if anyone has any queries, contact me at ryan[at]getlilina.org.


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Welcome to a time of thoughts and reflections. If you have been reading my blog for a while you will know that I am a WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) who tries to be her authentic self in an attempt to stay real. First, an apology for the preponderance of negativity that has infiltrated these pages of late. I wish it hadn't been so. In fact, I would give anything for it to have been otherwise.
Recently I have been stuck in a groove where the needle keeps playing on one lone track – a plaintive melody of despondency and discouragement. Before long, I may have found its close cousins, despair and depression, trailing me as well.
Part of the problem is our need for continual adjustment to the world around us and the circumstances we may find ourselves in.
I have been overly focused on my pain, weakness, debility and so on. The onset of SAD hasn't helped matters much. Light – give me light! And the clocks have gone back an hour in the UK too – and the days get shorter and darker…you get the picture.
Is it still all right to moan a bit if that's how we feel? It can make us feel ashamed and guilty. Aren't Christians meant to have a joyous, happy, prosperous life after all? Or so they say. But that's only part of the whole story. Life is rarely as we might wish it to be or even anticipate.
Perhaps other women reading this will nod in sympathetic agreement that we tend to think life would be better IF ONLY…. we were – prettier, thinner, sexier, cleverer, healthier, better at all sorts of things ___ fill in the blank.
I spent many of my early years wishing things were different than they actually were; I felt so isolated and dislocated from my family at times.
I longed to be accepted, understood, affirmed and appreciated – Just for Being Me. Instead, I felt lost and lonely and soon became my own worst critic.
If others didn't seem to think much of me, then why should I think much of myself?
The poem below is an example of how I felt in my youth.
Even now I can find myself wistfully gazing into someone else's life and wishing mine was like theirs. I read a lot of tweets and blogs because I am genuinely fascinated by people's worlds, words and opinions. Yet it can have a downside if I let it.
The danger lies in making comparisons when we really have little idea at all of what their lives are truly like – beyond what they choose to reveal, of course. I may yearn to look, think, act like, or experience the apparent richness of life which others appear to be having, rather than acknowledge that mine is mainly one of limitation, pain, sickness and challenge.
God knew what He was doing though when He purposefully and lovingly created each one of us as unique and special to Him and that's how He makes us feel once we are in relationship with Him.
While I might wish I was able to write more positively, wittily or eloquently and live more freely and fully than I am able, I am learning to accept that this thoughtful, poetic, often serious and reflective person that I am now has grown out of who God deliberately made and intended me to be, and is a fruit of all that I have experienced – both good and bad.
We all have our own individual story to tell and nobody else can tell it quite like we can from our unique perspective. This is my tiny cross-stitch contribution to life's rich tapestry.
but you can control its width and depth.
but you can control its expression.
but you can grasp your own…..
Why worry about the things you cannot control?
Good post – I've been thinking along slightly similar lines about difficult emotions and how we deal with them.
There is some helpful things in here Joy, thanks.I think God takes our suffering and our life experiences and uses them for His glory if we give Him permission to do so. I know that is what He is doing with me.
You have already been a blessing to me in our short twitter friendship and I pray God will bless you as you seek to move forward in Him.
Thanks Lynda.I really appreciate your comments and agree that our messy lives are being woven into a beautiful tapestry of grace at God's hands as we surrender everything to Him.
I am blessed too by your friendship and support and all that you have shared about your own journey.
A thought provoking post that I enjoyed.
Comparison is the thief of so much joy in our lives. My husband and I often joke that if we're going to compare ourselves to someone it should be a homeless person with health issues. We find this puts our lives and blessings into perspective. Social media can present such a false view of a persons world. We are not 140 characters. It's easy to sound perfect, amazing or strong in a few words, much harder to live out real character in face-to-face relationships.


text:
Q: TYPO3 flexform nested tabs? Is it possible to have nested tabs in a flexform?
Well, it's possible to create them but no values are saved.
I got the following code to create the nested tabs:
flexform.xml
<tab1>
    <TCEforms>
        <config>
             <type>flex</type>
                  <ds>
                      <default>FILE:EXT:extension/Configuration/FlexForms/flexform_subtabs.xml</default>
                  </ds>
        </config>
    </TCEforms>
</tab1>

Inside the *flexform_subtabs.xml* other tabs are created.
Everything looks good in the plugin but I cannot save the values.
Is there anything wrong with my code?
Any help would be appreciated

A: As of 09/2011, it was not possible, and IMHO still is not. My sources are:
This mailing list post 11/2006

If you mean tabbed form inside tabbed form, I afraid this is not
  possible (though I can be wrong). Tabs are created from sheets but can
  be no sheets inside sheets.

This bug report #19169 09/2011. No target version is named yet, therefore no solution available.

The Problem still exists in TYPO 4.5.5 but the patch does not work


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Efforts to push for restorative justice in the country got a boost with a top government official saying it would work in the country.
Department of Justice Secretary Leila De Lima said she believes the strategy can play an important role in crime reduction.
"With a focus and with the passion of the workers in these agencies which are directly involved in the criminal justice system, I don't see any reason for the restorative justice not to work in our jurisdiction," she said.
The DOJ chief made the statement Tuesday during the National Summit for Persons Deprived of Liberty held at the Diamond Hotel Manila.
"It's time to lobby for the bills especially those pushing for restorative justice," De Lima added.
Various non-government organizations have long been seeking to integrate restorative programs and practices throughout the country's criminal system.
One of the organizations who had been lobbying for restorative justice is the Episcopal Commission of Prison Pastoral Care (ECPPC) of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines.
While the justice system seeks to punish the wrongdoer, the church agency said it should move beyond punishment and seek healing of all stakeholders, the victim, the offender and the society.


text:
Difference between revisions of "Toolbox/Spectrograms"
James (talk | contribs)
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{{DevDocs_Header}}
==Sounds and Spectrograms==
The interactive diagram below shows a spectrogram for the word 'Audacity'. The horizontal axis is time and the vertical axis frequency. Move the cursor over different parts of the spectrogram to see which parts of the spectrogram correspond to which sounds.
This page of developer code and/or digital audio documentation is part of a collection of pages for learning about our code. We aim to increasingly add interactive diagrams to these pages and over time connect better to the doxygen documentation.
Sounds and Spectrograms
Vowels and Consonants
The distinction between vowel sounds and consonant sounds is visible from the spectrogram. Vowel sounds show a sustained sound, each with a few strong frequencies. The 'd' and 't' consonant sounds are much shorter, and are preceded by a small near silence.
On the spectrogram, find the regions of near silence to find the following 'd' and 't'. The 'd' and 't' are 'plosive' sounds - there is a burst of air pressure to make the sound.
On the spectrogram find the area that's white in colour of highest frequency - at about 5KHz. The 'c' in Audacity is soft, like the sound of 's', and though it is a sustained sound, sound is produced in many frequencies around a frequency of 5KHz, rather than in a few strong frequencies as in the vowels.
At a window size of 2048 the silences before 't' and 'd' are clearest and the frequency bands of the 'i' in 'Audacity' show up clearest.
At a window size of 1024 the change in frequencies in at 'Au' of 'Audacity' show up clearest.
The underlying audio was sampled at a frequency of 44.1KHz (see panel in left of spectrogram), in other words there are 44,100 audio samples for each second of sound. 4,410 samples would be 1/10th of a second and 441 samples 1/100th of a second. When measuring the frequencies, Audacity looks over a range of samples called a 'window'. A window of 8192 samples, the longest window we offer, is taking samples over a duration of 8192/44100 seconds, or about 1/5th of a second.
The interactive diagram lets you choose a window size to see how the spectrogram varies. At long window sizes the algorithm sees more repeats of the same pattern of sound, and is better able to make fine distinctions between frequencies - provided the frequencies are constant rather than varying. Shorter windows measure the frequencies less precisely, but are better able to deal with rapid variation in frequencies.
Retrieved from "https://wiki.audacityteam.org/w/index.php?title=Toolbox/Spectrograms&oldid=40272"


text:
About the Network How to participate? RSS
Diplomatic Wire
Documentary Watch
"We Must Not Let Our Greatness Flicker"
by Aleksander Smolar, Michael Mertes, Timothy Garton Ash, Dominique Moïsi
Voltaire Network | 24 June 2005
For historians, May 29th and June 1st, 2005, dates of the French and Dutch "no", will be crucial and symbolic moments to Europe. They mark the symbolic end of an era that began after the Second World War, a period characterized by reverence to the European Union, associated with peace, prosperity and freedom. Today, only masochism could lead us to continue the ratification process. In fact, even when French and Dutch alike voted "no" for internal reasons and even when the extreme right and left are not a consistent majority, ignoring this rejection would deprive the European cause of legitimacy. We can't either hold on to old recipes such as the French-German axis.
A truce is imperative. However, this doesn't mean inactivity. Work must be done in four different directions to:
– Save the European Union foreign policy from disaster. The United States, Russia and China should not believe that the EU is an old-fashioned delegate. It is necessary to keep Javier Solana in his post.
– Go on with the reform process of the too rigid national economies.
– Continue to grow with courage and determination.
– Take on a commitment to the budget.
Just as happened after the rejection of the CED in 1954, gain experience from error so as to start again in a better manner.
Aleksander Smolar
Michael Mertes
Dominique Moïsi
International Herald Tribune (France)
The International Herald Tribune is a version of the New York Times adapted for the European public. It works in direct association with Haaretz (Israel), Kathimerini (Greece), Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (Germany), JoongAng Daily (South Korea), Asahi Shimbun (Japan), The Daily Star (Lebanon) and El País (Spain). It also works, through its head office, in indirect association with Le Monde (France).
"We must not let our greatness flicker", by Timothy Garton Ash, Michael Mertes, Dominique Moisi, Aleksander Smolar, International Herald Tribune, June 16, 2005.
Dominique Moisi is special adviser to the French Institute of International Relations->http://www.ifri.org/] (IFRI), a European member of the Trilateral Commission->http://www.trilateral.org/].
"Why French vote is important for Washington"
Articles by this author
Historian of the collapse of communism, Timothy Garton Ash is a researcher at the St Anthony's College of Oxford and at the Hoover Institution of the Stanford University. Head of the Westminster Foundation for Democracy and author of History of the Present. Signatory of the call of the 115 atlantists against Vladimir Putin.
"Let's make sure we do better with Iran than we did with Iraq"
"How the dreaded superstate became a Commonwealth"
Michael Mertes was German Chancellor Helmut Kohl's advisor for European Affairs. Partner and manager of Dimap Consult (Germany).
Aleksander Smolar is the president of the Stefar Batory Foundation (the Polish affiliate of the Soros Foundation). In charge of Research at the National Center of Scientific Research (CNRS), he was a special advisor to Tadeuz Mazowiecki, first head of government of post-Communist Poland.
"A Great Future Lies Ahead of Europe"
Focus News in Brief Controversies Diplomatic Wire Documentary Watch
Mali cancels military agreements with France
The French: citizens or mere voters?
France hands Lebanese minister's head to heir of Saudi throne
Where the Rome-Paris axis is taking us
Josep Borrell sets up siege of Donbass and Transnistria
The Council of the European Union on Eastern Partnership
The European Union begins its dissolution
European Council conclusions on the Covid-19 epidemic
Sino-British competition in Asia-Pacific
Biden, Morrison & Johnson Announcing the Creation of AUKUS
Scott Morrison Statement on AUKUS
Boris Johnson Statement on AUKUS
EuCom: Control of Europe
Nuclear green pass: the Bomb for Italy comes out in May
There are no "common values" between Europeans and the US
US strategy and what the gas pipeline war is costing us
Article licensed under Creative Commons
The articles on Voltaire Network may be freely reproduced provided the source is cited, their integrity is respected and they are not used for commercial purposes (license CC BY-NC-ND).
Source: ""We Must Not Let Our Greatness Flicker"", by Aleksander Smolar, Michael Mertes, Timothy Garton Ash, Dominique Moïsi, International Herald Tribune (France) , Voltaire Network, 24 June 2005, www.voltairenet.org/article30468.html
Let's strengthen the Voltaire Network
How to participate in Voltaire Network?
The members of our team are all volunteers.
– Professional-level mother-tongue translators: you can help us by translating our articles.
Rising tensions (3)
Washington refuses to hear Russia and China
by Thierry Meyssan
Tensions rising (2)
Washington pursues RAND's plan in Kazakhstan, then in Transnistria
Rising tensions
Russia wants to force the US to respect the UN Charter
Hillary's comeback?
NATO expands its membership unwittingly (Ben Wallace)
In the 1980s, the Pentagon was preparing a nuclear war in Iran
Iran reopens office at OIC Headquarters afer 6 years
Imminent restoration of Iranian-Saudi relations
Lebanon to receive gas supplies from Israel?
The strange new government of Kazakhstan
In Australia, people vaccinated against Covid are 13 times more exposed to serious risk
CSTO peacekeeping force begins pull-out from Kazakhstan
Dr. Fauci lied: Covid-19 was man-made
Poland, Romania and Lithuania ordered to compensate CIA victim


Dennis Di Lorenzo was named dean of the NYU School of Professional Studies (NYU-SPS), in September 2013, after an extensive national search. Having served previously as interim and vice dean, as well as in various other senior leadership positions for almost 20 years, Di Lorenzo has in-depth knowledge of NYU-SPS that few others can claim. His knowledge of all things NYU-SPS is rivaled only by his passionate dedication to the School, evidenced by his key contributions to its evolution and growth. Di Lorenzo has fostered the development of innovative programming; provided insight and guidance on faculty and student affairs; expanded the School's presence both domestically and abroad; and oversaw the renovation of 7 East 12th Street, the new flagship home for NYU-SPS, which was a fundamental step toward establishing the School's identity as a trailblazer in professional higher education.
Di Lorenzo earned his BA from Fordham University in 1993.
For the last eight years, Dean Di Lorenzo has also been acting in a public service capacity, building consensus and creating public policy as the president of the Harrison Board of Education, which serves a multi-cultural pre-K through 12th grade student population. He and his wife Jennifer are the proud parents of Julia, Dennis Jr and Jack.
Dennis Di Lorenzo is on LinkedIn.


Building-the-new-Solar-House-P7110031, originally uploaded by Paradise in Portugal.
No posts for some time so I appologise to avid readers of this blog – you'll probably have deducted that I've been a tad busy and you'd be right.
Tarmac-depth-P6210013, originally uploaded by Paradise in Portugal.


text:
Q: Solving a constant coefficients ODE where the input $x(t)$ is not continuous I'm an electrical engineering student and just started taking a course in signals and systems. We were given the following constant coefficients ODE.

$$6y''(t) -45y'(t) +21y(t) = 2x(t) $$

*

*Find the Characteristic Polynomial

*find the Homogenous solution

*find the conditions for the zir solution given $y(0)=5$ and $y'(0)=31/2$

*find the conditions for the zsr solution given $x(t) = u(t)$ (u(t) is the heaviside step function.)
what do you think they mean by conditions? Do you think they wanted us to solve the system?
I know how to find the homogenous and ZIR solution of the system, starting with guessing $y=e^{st}$, calculating characteristic polynomial and finding the constants by substituting in the initial conditions.
$$y_{zir} = 2e^{7t} +3e^{\frac12 t}$$
when it came to finding the ZSR solution I was stumped - had the input been continuous I'd have guessed a similar form for the solution. I found a video where an equation approximating this one had been solved using the laplace transform though we would get to it later in the course.
Is there a different method?
 If there isn't how would you solve this equation with laplace as well as use ZSR/ZIR?

$$\begin{cases} 6y''_{ZSR}(t) -45y'_{ZSR}(t) +21 = x(t)  \\ y'_{ZSR}(0)=0
\quad y_{ZSR}(0) = 0 \end{cases}$$

A: For the ZSR, you need some particular solution combined with a homogeneous solution to cancel out that particular solution's value at $t = 0$. Since the input is discontinuous, let's consider the regions on each side of the continuity separately. For $t > 0$, it's pretty clear $f(t) = 2/21$ is a particular solution, while for $t < 0$, $f(t) = 0$ is. Then we need to find $A$ and $B$ such that $A e^{7t} + B e^{t/2} + f(t)$ has zero value and derivative at $0$. For $t > 0$, this gives $A + B +2/21= 0$ and $7A + B/2 = 0$, which solves to $A = -2/315$ and $B = 4/45$. For $t < 0$, this gives $A = B = 0$. Writing this in terms of the unit step function gives
$$y_{ZSR} = u(t)\left[\frac{2}{21} + \frac{2}{273}e^{7t} - \frac{4}{39}e^{t/2}\right].$$
You get the same answer doing it through Laplace transforms. Zero state means the boundary terms vanish, so you can use partial fractions to get
$$
6s^2 Y-45s Y + 21s = \frac{2}{s}\Longrightarrow Y = \frac{1}{3s(s-7)(2s-1)} =\frac{2}{21s} + \frac{2}{273(s-7)}-\frac{8}{39(2s+1)},
$$
which obviously inverts to the $y_{ZSR}$ given above.


You can apply to start pre-registration training at any time when the application form is available, but you can only start your approved training during the period specified on the key dates page. If you do not start your approved training by the end of this period, you must wait until applications open for the following year.
Please make sure you read the guidance notes which come with the form.
If you do not meet these requirements, which are set out in the guidance notes, you will not be able to start training.


We're home and more X-35 fun kicks off! We have some really special stuff here so pay attention.
TEXAS! Finally playing Austin 11/02 and Dallas 11/03...so for all you Texans let's see you! We don't want anyone saying they missed it. Can't make one of these? Don't worry more X-35 is on the way for the East & West Coasts!


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